# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001000275
**File Stem:** 0001140361-23-015148
**Filing Date:** 2023-3
**Character Count:** 119125
**Document Hash:** 6863ae86434b014254fb8ce5cc35c209
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001140361-23-015148.hdr.sgml**: 20230331

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001140361-23-015148

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 424B5

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 7

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230331

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230331

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001000275
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** COMMERCIAL BANKS, NEC [6029]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 135357855
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** A6
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1031

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 424B5
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-259205
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23783938

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** ROYAL BANK PLAZA
- **STREET 2:** 200 BAY STREET
- **CITY:** TORONTO
- **STATE:** A6
- **ZIP:** M5J2J5
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 212-437-9267

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** ROYAL BANK PLAZA
- **STREET 2:** 200 BAY STREET
- **CITY:** TORONTO
- **STATE:** A6
- **ZIP:** M5J2J5

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** ROYAL BANK OF CANADA \
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19950908

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|:---|:---|
| Product Supplement No. EQUITY INDICES SUN-1<br>(To Prospectus dated September 14, 2021<br>and Series I Prospectus Supplement dated September 14, 2021)<br> March 31, 2023<br> ![](image0.jpg) | Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)<br> Registration Statement No. 333-259205  |

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#### Market-Linked Step Up Notes Linked to One or More Equity Indices
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Market-Linked Step Up Notes (the "**notes**") are unsecured senior debt securities issued by Royal Bank of Canada. Any payments due on the notes, including any repayment of principal, will be subject
 to the credit risk of Royal Bank of Canada.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The notes do not guarantee the return of principal at maturity, and we will not pay interest on the notes. Instead, the return on the notes will be based on the performance of an underlying "**Market Measure,**" which will be an equity index or a basket of equity indices.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The notes provide an opportunity to receive the greater of a fixed return or a return based on the positive performance of the Market Measure. However, you will be exposed to any negative performance of the Market Measure below the
 Threshold Value (as defined below) on a 1-to-1 basis. If specified in the applicable term sheet (as defined below), your notes may be subject to an automatic call, which will limit your return to a fixed amount if the notes are called.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• If the value of the Market Measure does not change or increases from its Starting Value to its Ending Value up to the Step Up Value (each as defined below), you will receive at maturity a cash payment per unit (the "**Redemption Amount**") that equals the principal amount plus the Step Up Payment (as defined below). If the Ending Value is greater than the Step Up Value, you will receive a return on the notes equal to
 the percentage increase in the value of the Market Measure from the Starting Value to the Ending Value or, if applicable, a multiple of that increase.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• If the value of the Market Measure decreases from its Starting Value to its Ending Value but not below the Threshold Value, then the Redemption Amount will equal the principal amount. However, if the Ending Value is less than the
 Threshold Value, you will be subject to 1-to-1 downside exposure to the decrease in the value of the Market Measure below the Threshold Value. In such a case, you may lose all or a significant portion of the principal amount of your notes.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• If specified in the applicable term sheet, your notes may be subject to an automatic call. In that case, the notes will be automatically called if the Observation Level on any Observation Date is greater than or equal to the Call Level
 (each as defined below). If called, you will receive a cash payment per unit (the "**Call Amount**") on the applicable Call Settlement Date (as defined below) that equals the principal amount plus the
 applicable Call Premium (as defined below).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• This product supplement describes the general terms of the notes, the risk factors to consider before investing, the general manner in which they may be offered and sold, and other relevant information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• For each offering of the notes, we will provide you with a pricing supplement (which we refer to as a "**term sheet**") that will describe the specific terms of that offering, including the specific Market Measure, the Step Up Value, the Step Up Payment, the Threshold Value, certain related risk factors, and if the notes are subject to an
 automatic call, the Call Level, the Call Amount and the Call Premium for each Observation Date. The applicable term sheet will identify, if applicable, any additions or changes to the terms specified in this product supplement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The notes will be issued in denominations of whole units. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, each unit will have a principal amount of $10. The applicable term sheet may also set forth a minimum number of units
 that you must purchase.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the notes will not be listed on a securities exchange.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• BofA Securities, Inc. ()"**BofAS**") and one or more of its affiliates may act as our agents to offer the notes and will act in a principal capacity in such role.

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The notes are unsecured and are not savings accounts or insured deposits of a bank. The notes are not insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "**FDIC**") or any other Canadian or U.S. governmental agency or instrumentality. Potential purchasers of the notes should consider the information in "Risk Factors" beginning on page PS-7 of this product supplement, page S-2 of the accompanying Series I prospectus supplement, and page 1 of the accompanying prospectus. **You may lose all or a significant portion of your investment in the notes.*** 

 *None of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "**SEC**"), any state securities commission, or any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this product supplement, the prospectus supplement, or the prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

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#### BofA Securities

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#### **TABLE OF CONTENTS**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page** |
| SUMMARY | PS-3 |
| RISK FACTORS | PS-7 |
| USE OF PROCEEDS AND HEDGING | PS-17 |
| DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES | PS-18 |
| SUPPLEMENTAL PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | PS-29 |
| CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX SUMMARY | PS-31 |
| U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX SUMMARY | PS-31 |

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SUMMARY

The information in this "Summary" section is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed explanation set forth elsewhere in this product supplement, the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus, as well as the applicable term sheet. Neither we nor BofAS have authorized any other person to provide you with any information different from the information set forth in these documents. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information about the notes, you should not rely on it.

#### Key Terms:

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| **General:** | The notes are senior debt securities issued by Royal Bank of Canada, and are not guaranteed or insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation or the FDIC, or secured by collateral. They rank equally with all of our other unsecured senior debt from time to time outstanding. **Any payments due on the notes, including any repayment of principal, are subject to our credit risk.**<br> The return on the notes will be based on the performance of a Market Measure and there is no guaranteed return of principal at maturity. Therefore, you may lose all or a significant portion of your investment if the notes are not automatically called prior to maturity (if applicable), and the value of the Market Measure decreases from the Starting Value to an Ending Value that is less than the Threshold Value.<br> Each issue of the notes will mature on the date set forth in the applicable term sheet, unless, if applicable, the notes are automatically called on an earlier date. You should be aware that if the automatic call feature applies to your notes, it may shorten the term of an investment in the notes, and you must be willing to accept that your notes may be called prior to maturity.<br> You will not receive interest payments on the notes. |
| **Market**<br> **Measure:** | The Market Measure may consist of one or more of the following:<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S. broad-based equity indices;<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S. sector or style-based equity indices;<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; non-U.S. or global equity indices; or<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; any combination of the above.<br> The Market Measure may consist of a group, or "**Basket**," of the foregoing. We refer to each equity index included in any Basket as a "**Basket Component**." If the Market Measure to which your notes are linked is a Basket, the Basket Components will be set forth in the applicable term sheet. |
| **Market**<br> **Measure**<br> **Performance:** | The performance of the Market Measure will be measured according to the percentage change of the Market Measure from its Starting Value to its Ending Value or Observation Level, if applicable. |

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|  | Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet:<br> The "**Starting Value**" will be the closing level of the Market Measure on the date when the notes are priced for initial sale to the public (the "**pricing date**").<br> If the Market Measure consists of a Basket, the Starting Value will be equal to 100. See "Description of the Notes—Basket Market Measures."<br> The "**Threshold Value**" will be a value of the Market Measure that equals a specified percentage (100% or less) of the Starting Value. The Threshold Value will be determined on the pricing date and set forth in the applicable term sheet. If the Threshold Value is equal to 100% of the Starting Value, you will be exposed to any decrease in the value of the Market Measure from the Starting Value to the Ending Value on a 1-to-1 basis, and you may lose all of your investment in the notes.<br> The "**Ending Value**" will be the closing level of the Market Measure on the calculation day (as defined below).<br> If the applicable term sheet specifies that the notes will be subject to an automatic call:<br> The "**Call Level**" will be a value of the Market Measure that equals a specified percentage of the Starting Value.<br> The "**Observation Level**" will equal the closing level of the Market Measure on the applicable Observation Date. The "**Observation Dates**" will be set forth in the applicable term sheet, subject to postponement in the event of Market Disruption Events or non-Market Measure Business Days (as defined below). The final Observation Date will be prior to the calculation day. See "Description of the Notes—Automatic Call."<br> If the Market Measure consists of a Basket, the Ending Value will be the value of the Basket on the calculation day, and if applicable, each Observation Level will be the value of the Basket on the applicable Observation Date, determined as described in "Description of the Notes—Basket Market Measures—Observation Level or Ending Value of the Basket."<br> If a Market Disruption Event (as defined under "Description of the Notes—Market Disruption Events" below) occurs and is continuing on the calculation day or an Observation Date, if applicable, or if certain other events occur, the calculation agent will determine the Ending Value or Observation Level, if applicable, as set forth in the section "Description of the Notes—Automatic Call," "—The Starting Value, the Observation Level and the Ending Value—Ending Value" and "—Automatic Call." |
| **Step Up Value:** | A value of the Market Measure that is a specified percentage (over 100%) of the Starting Value, as set forth in the applicable term sheet. |
| **Step Up**<br> **Payment:** | A dollar amount that will be equal to a percentage of the principal amount. This percentage will equal the percentage by which the Step Up Value is greater than the Starting Value. The Step Up Payment will be determined on the pricing date and set forth in the applicable term sheet. |
| **Redemption**<br> **Amount at**<br> **Maturity:** | Unless the notes are subject to an automatic call and are automatically called prior to the maturity date, at maturity, you will receive a Redemption Amount that is greater than the principal amount if the value of the Market Measure does not change or |

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|  | increases from the Starting Value to the Ending Value. If the value of the Market Measure decreases from the Starting Value to the Ending Value but not below the Threshold Value, you will receive a Redemption Amount equal to the principal amount. If the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value, you will be subject to 1-to-1 downside exposure to the decrease in the value of the Market Measure below the Threshold Value, and you will receive a Redemption Amount that is less than the principal amount. If the Threshold Value is equal to 100% of the Starting Value, the Redemption Amount could be zero and you may lose all of your investment in the notes.<br> **Any payments due on the notes, including any repayment of principal, are subject to our credit risk as issuer of the notes.**<br> The Redemption Amount, denominated in U.S. dollars, will be calculated as follows:<br> ![](image00006.jpg)<br> You will receive per unit:<br> ![](image00007.jpg)<br>If specified in the applicable term sheet, your notes may provide at maturity a leveraged return if the Ending Value is greater than the Step Up Value. In this case, a Participation Rate (as defined below) will be specified in the applicable term sheet. |
| **Automatic**<br> **Call:** | If specified in the applicable term sheet, your notes may be subject to an automatic call. In that case, the notes will be automatically called on an Observation Date if the Observation Level on that Observation Date is greater than or equal to the Call Level. If not called, see "Redemption Amount at Maturity" above. |
| **Call Amount:** | If your notes are subject to an automatic call and are called on an Observation Date, you will receive the Call Amount applicable to that Observation Date. The Call Amount will be equal to the principal amount per unit plus the applicable "Call Premium." Each Call Premium will be a percentage of the principal amount and will be set forth in the applicable term sheet. The Call Amount, if payable, will be payable on the applicable "Call Settlement Date" set forth in the applicable term sheet. |
| **Participation**<br> **Rate:** | The Participation Rate, if applicable, is the rate at which investors participate in any increase in the value of the Market Measure if the Ending Value is greater than the Step Up Value. |

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| **Principal at**<br> **Risk:** | You may lose all or a significant portion of the principal amount of the notes. Further, if you sell your notes prior to maturity in the secondary market (if any), you may find that the market value per note is less than the price that you paid for the notes. |
| **Calculation**<br> **Agent:** | The calculation agent will make all determinations associated with the notes. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, we will appoint BofAS or one of its affiliates to act as the calculation agent for the notes. See the section entitled "Description of the Notes—Role of the Calculation Agent." |
| **Agents:** | BofAS and one or more of its affiliates will act as our agents in connection with each offering of the notes and will receive an underwriting discount based on the number of units of the notes sold. None of the agents is your fiduciary or advisor solely as a result of the making of any offering of the notes, and you should not rely upon this product supplement, the applicable term sheet, or the accompanying prospectus or prospectus supplement as investment advice or a recommendation to purchase the notes. |
| **Listing:** | Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the notes will not be listed on a securities exchange.<br>|
| **ERISA Considerations:** | See "Benefit Plan Investor Considerations" beginning on page 58 of the accompanying prospectus. |

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This product supplement relates only to the notes and does not relate to any equity index that comprises the Market Measure described in any applicable term sheet. You should read carefully the entire prospectus, prospectus supplement, and this product supplement, together with the applicable term sheet, to understand fully the terms of your notes, as well as the tax and other considerations important to you in making a decision about whether to invest in any notes. In particular, you should review carefully the sections in this product supplement and the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus entitled "Risk Factors," which highlight a number of risks of an investment in the notes, to determine whether an investment in the notes is appropriate for you. Additional risk factors may be set forth in the applicable term sheet. If information in this product supplement is inconsistent with information in the prospectus or prospectus supplement, this product supplement will supersede those documents. However, if information in any applicable term sheet is inconsistent with information in this product supplement, that term sheet will supersede this product supplement. For example, we may offer notes in which the Step Up Payment will be paid if the Ending Value equals or exceeds the Threshold Value. You should carefully review the applicable term sheet to understand the specific terms of your notes.

Neither we nor any agent is making an offer to sell the notes in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Certain capitalized terms used and not defined in this product supplement have the meanings ascribed to them in the prospectus supplement and prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this product supplement to "we," "us," "our," or similar references are to Royal Bank of Canada.

You are urged to consult with your own attorneys and business and tax advisors before making a decision to purchase any notes.

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#### RISK FACTORS
*Your investment in the notes is subject to investment risks, many of which differ from those of a conventional debt security. Your decision to purchase the notes should be made only after carefully considering the risks, including those discussed below, together with the risk factors contained in the prospectus supplement and in the applicable term sheet, in light of your particular circumstances. The notes are not an appropriate investment for you if you are not knowledgeable about the material terms of the notes or investments in equity or equity-based securities in general.*

#### Structure-related Risks
**Your investment may result in a loss; there is no guaranteed return of principal.** There is no fixed principal repayment amount on the notes at maturity. The return on the notes will be based on the performance of a Market Measure and therefore, you may lose all or a significant portion of your investment if the notes are not automatically called (if applicable) and if the value of the Market Measure decreases from the Starting Value to an Ending Value that is less than the Threshold Value. If the Threshold Value is equal to 100% of the Starting Value, the Redemption Amount could be zero and you may lose all of your investment in the notes.

**If the notes are subject to an automatic call and are called prior to maturity, your investment return will be limited to the return represented by the Call Premium and may be less than a comparable investment directly in the Market Measure or any of its underlying securities.** If the notes are subject to an automatic call, and if the Observation Level of the Market Measure on an Observation Date is equal to or greater than the specified Call Level, we will automatically call the notes. If the notes are automatically called, the payment on the notes will be limited to the applicable Call Premium, regardless of the extent of the increase in the value of the Market Measure.

In addition, unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, the value of the Market Measure will not reflect the value of dividends paid or distributions made on the securities included in the Market Measure or any other rights associated with those securities. Thus, any return on the notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned the securities underlying the Market Measure.

Additionally, the Market Measure may consist of an index that includes securities traded in a non-U.S. currency, and, for purposes of calculating the level of such index, are not converted into U.S. dollars. If the value of that currency strengthens against the U.S. dollar during the term of your notes, you may not obtain the benefit of that increase, which you would have received if you had owned the securities included in such index.

**Reinvestment Risk.** If the notes are subject to an automatic call and are automatically called prior to maturity, the term of the notes will be short. There is no guarantee that you would be able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return for a similar level of risk in the event the notes are called prior to maturity.

**Payments on the notes will not reflect changes in the value of the Market Measure that occur other than on the calculation day or the Observation Dates, if applicable.** Changes in the value of the Market Measure during the term of the notes other than on the calculation day, or the Observation Dates, if applicable, will not be reflected in the calculation of the Redemption Amount or the determination of whether the notes will be automatically called, if applicable. To make that calculation or determination, the calculation agent will refer only to the value of the Market Measure on the calculation day, or the Observation Dates, if

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applicable. No other values of the Market Measure will be taken into account. As a result, even if the value of the Market Measure has increased at certain times during the term of the notes, your notes will not be called if the Observation Level on each Observation Date is less than the Call Level, if applicable, and you will receive a Redemption Amount that is less than the principal amount if the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value.

**If your notes are linked to a Basket, changes in the levels of one or more of the Basket Components may be offset by changes in the levels of one or more of the other Basket Components.** The Market Measure of your notes may be a Basket. In such a case, changes in the levels of one or more of the Basket Components may not correlate with changes in the levels of one or more of the other Basket Components. The levels of one or more Basket Components may increase, while the levels of one or more of the other Basket Components may decrease or not increase as much. Therefore, in calculating the value of the Market Measure at any time, increases in the level of one Basket Component may be moderated or wholly offset by decreases or lesser increases in the levels of one or more of the other Basket Components. If the weightings of the applicable Basket Components are not equal, adverse changes in the levels of the Basket Components which are more heavily weighted would have a greater impact upon the value of the Market Measure and, consequently, the return on your notes.

**Your return on the notes may be less than the yield on a conventional fixed or floating rate debt security of comparable maturity.** There will be no periodic interest payments on the notes as there would be on a conventional fixed-rate or floating-rate debt security having the same maturity. Any return that you receive on the notes may be less than the return you would earn if you purchased a conventional debt security with the same maturity date. As a result, your investment in the notes may not reflect the full opportunity cost to you when you consider factors, such as inflation, that affect the time value of money.

**Payments on the notes are subject to our credit risk, and any actual or perceived changes in our creditworthiness are expected to affect the value of the notes**. The notes are our senior unsecured debt securities. As a result, your receipt of any payments on the notes is dependent upon our ability to repay our obligations on the applicable payment date, regardless of whether the Market Measure increases from the Starting Value to the Ending Value, or the Observation Level, if applicable. No assurance can be given as to what our financial condition will be on the applicable payment date. If we become unable to meet our financial obligations as they become due, you may not receive the amount payable under the terms of the notes.

In addition, our credit ratings are an assessment by ratings agencies of our ability to pay our obligations. Consequently, our perceived creditworthiness and actual or anticipated decreases in our credit ratings or increases in the spread between the yield on our securities and the yield on U.S. Treasury securities (the "**credit spread**") prior to the maturity date may adversely affect the market value of the notes. However, because your return on the notes depends upon factors in addition to our ability to pay our obligations, such as the value of the Market Measure, an improvement in our credit ratings will not reduce the other investment risks related to the notes.

#### Valuation- and Market-related Risks
**The initial estimated value of the notes considers certain assumptions and variables and relies in part on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect.** The initial estimated value of the notes, which will be set forth in the applicable term sheet, is an estimate only, determined as of a particular point in time by reference to our and our affiliates' pricing models. These pricing models consider certain assumptions and variables, including our credit spreads, our internal funding rate on the pricing date, mid-

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market terms on hedging transactions, expectations on interest rates and volatility, price-sensitivity analysis, and the expected term of the notes. These pricing models rely in part on certain forecasts about future events, which may prove to be incorrect.

**The public offering price you pay for the notes will exceed the initial estimated value.** If you attempt to sell the notes prior to maturity, their market value may be lower than the price you paid for them and lower than the initial estimated value. This is due to, among other things, changes in the value of the Market Measure, the internal funding rate we pay to issue market-linked notes, and the inclusion in the public offering price of the underwriting discount and an expected hedging related charge. These factors, together with various credit, market and economic factors over the term of the notes, are expected to reduce the price at which you may be able to sell the notes in any secondary market and will affect the value of the notes in complex and unpredictable ways.

The initial estimated value does not represent a minimum or maximum price at which we, BofAS or any of our respective affiliates would be willing to purchase your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The value of your notes at any time after issuance will vary based on many factors that cannot be predicted with accuracy, including the performance of the Market Measure, our creditworthiness and changes in market conditions.

**We cannot assure you that there will be a trading market for your notes.** If a secondary market exists, we cannot predict how the notes will trade, or whether that market will be liquid or illiquid. The development of a trading market for the notes will depend on various factors, including our financial performance and changes in the value of the Market Measure. The number of potential buyers of your notes in any secondary market may be limited. There is no assurance that any party will be willing to purchase your notes at any price in any secondary market.

We anticipate that one or more of the agents or their affiliates will act as a market-maker for the notes, but none of them is required to do so and may cease to do so at any time. Any price at which an agent or its affiliates may bid for, offer, purchase, or sell any of the notes may be higher or lower than the applicable public offering price, and that price may differ from the values determined by pricing models that it may use, whether as a result of dealer discounts, mark-ups, or other transaction costs. These bids, offers, or transactions may adversely affect the prices, if any, at which those notes might otherwise trade in the market. In addition, if at any time any entity were to cease acting as a market-maker for any issue of the notes, it is likely that there would be significantly less liquidity in that secondary market. In such a case, the price at which those notes could be sold would likely be lower than if an active market existed.

Unless otherwise stated in the applicable term sheet, we will not list the notes on any securities exchange. Even if an application were made to list your notes, we cannot assure you that the application will be approved or that your notes will be listed and, if listed, that they will remain listed for their entire term. The listing of the notes on any securities exchange will not necessarily ensure that a trading market will develop, and if a trading market does develop, that there will be liquidity in the trading market.

**If you attempt to sell the notes prior to maturity, their market value, if any, will be affected by various factors that interrelate in complex ways, and their market value may be less than the principal amount.** The notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. The limited protection against the risk of losses provided by the Threshold Value, if any, will only apply if you hold the notes to maturity. You have no right to have your notes redeemed at your option prior to maturity. If you wish to liquidate your investment in the notes prior to maturity, your only option would be to sell them. At that time, there may be an illiquid market for your notes or no market at all. Even if you were able to sell your notes, there are many factors outside of our control that may affect their market value, some of<br>

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which, but not all, are stated below. These factors may interact with each other in complex and unpredictable ways, and the impact of any one factor may be offset or magnified by the effect of another factor. The following paragraphs describe a specific factor's expected impact on the market value of the notes, assuming all other conditions remain constant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Value of the Market Measure.** We anticipate that the market value of the notes prior to maturity generally will depend to a significant extent on the value of the Market
 Measure. In general, it is expected that the market value of the notes will decrease as the value of the Market Measure decreases, and increase as the value of the Market Measure increases. However, as the value of the Market Measure
 increases, the market value of the notes may decrease or may not increase at the same rate. If you sell your notes when the value of the Market Measure is less than, or not sufficiently above, the applicable Starting Value, then you may
 receive less than the principal amount of your notes. In addition, if the notes are subject to an automatic call, because the amount payable on the notes upon an automatic call will not exceed the applicable Call Amount, we do not expect
 that the notes will trade in any secondary market prior to any Observation Date at a price that is greater than the applicable Call Amount.

• **Volatility of the Market Measure.** Volatility is the term used to describe the size and frequency of market fluctuations. The volatility of the Market Measure during the term of the notes may vary. In addition, an unsettled international environment and related uncertainties may result in greater market volatility, which may constitute over the term of the notes. Increases or decreases in the volatility of the Market Measure may have an adverse impact on the market value of the notes. Even if the value of the Market Measure increases after the applicable pricing date, if you are able to sell your notes before their maturity date, you may receive substantially less than the amount that would be payable on any Call Settlement Date, if applicable, or at maturity based on that value because of the anticipation that the value of the Market Measure will continue to fluctuate until the relevant Observation Date, if applicable, or the calculation day. 

• **Economic and Other Conditions Generally.** The general economic conditions of the capital markets in the United States, as well as geopolitical conditions and other financial, political, public health, regulatory and judicial events, natural disasters, acts of terrorism or war, and related uncertainties that affect stock markets generally, may adversely affect the value of the Market Measure and the market value of the notes. If the Market Measure includes one or more indices that have returns that are calculated based upon securities prices in one or more non-U.S. markets (a "**non-U.S. Market Measure**"), the value of your notes may also be adversely affected by similar events in the markets of the relevant foreign countries.

• **Interest Rates.** We expect that changes in interest rates will affect the market value of the notes. In general, if U.S. interest rates increase, we expect that the market value of the notes will decrease. In general, we expect that the longer the amount of time that remains until maturity, the more significant the impact of these changes will be on the value of the notes. In the case of non-U.S. Market Measures, the level of interest rates in the relevant foreign countries may also affect their economies and in turn, the value of the non-U.S. Market Measure, and, thus, the market value of the notes may be adversely affected.

• **Dividend Yields.** In general, if the cumulative dividend yields on the securities included in the Market Measure increase, we anticipate that the market value of the notes will decrease.

• **Exchange Rate Movements and Volatility.** If the Market Measure of your notes includes any non-U.S. Market Measures, changes in, and the volatility of, the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the relevant non-U.S. currency or currencies could have an adverse impact on the value of your notes, and the payment on the notes may depend in part on the relevant exchange rates. In addition, the correlation between the relevant exchange rate and any applicable non-U.S. Market Measure reflects the extent to

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which a percentage change in that exchange rate corresponds to a percentage change in the applicable non-U.S. Market Measure, and changes in these correlations may have an adverse impact on the value of your notes.

• **Our Financial Condition and Creditworthiness.** Our perceived creditworthiness, including any increases in our credit spreads and any actual or anticipated decreases in our credit ratings, may adversely affect the market value of the notes. In general, we expect the longer the amount of time that remains until maturity, the more significant the impact will be on the value of the notes. However, a decrease in our credit spreads or an improvement in our credit ratings will not necessarily increase the market value of the notes.

• **Time to Maturity or, if Applicable, the Next Observation Date.** There may be a disparity between the market value of the notes prior to maturity, or if applicable, prior to an Observation Date, and their value at maturity or as of the next Observation Date, if applicable. This disparity is often called a time "value," "premium," or "discount," and reflects expectations concerning the value of the Market Measure prior to the maturity date. As the time to maturity, or if applicable, the next Observation Date, decreases, this disparity will likely decrease, such that the market value of the notes will approach the expected Redemption Amount to be paid at maturity, or if applicable, the Call Amount to be paid at the next Call Settlement Date.

#### Conflict-related Risks
**Trading and hedging activities by us, the agents and our respective affiliates may affect your return on the notes and their market value.** We, the agents, and our respective affiliates may buy or sell the securities included in the Market Measure, futures or options contracts or exchange-traded instruments on the Market Measure or its component securities, or other listed or over-the counter derivative instruments whose value is derived from the Market Measure or its component securities. We, the agents, or our respective affiliates may execute such purchases or sales for our own or their own accounts, for business reasons, or in connection with hedging our obligations under the notes. These transactions could adversely affect the value of these securities and, in turn, the value of a Market Measure in a manner that could be adverse to your investment in the notes. On or before the applicable pricing date, any purchases or sales by us, the agents and our respective affiliates, or others on our or their behalf (including those for the purpose of hedging some or all of our anticipated exposure in connection with the notes), may increase the value of the Market Measure or its component securities. Consequently, the value of that Market Measure or the securities included in that Market Measure may decrease subsequent to the pricing date of an issue of the notes, which may adversely affect the market value of the notes.

We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates expect to also engage in hedging activities that could increase the value of the Market Measure on the applicable pricing date. In addition, these activities, including the unwinding of a hedge, may decrease the market value of your notes prior to maturity, including on the calculation day, or if applicable, on each Observation Date, and may reduce the payment on the notes. We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates may purchase or otherwise acquire a long or short position in the notes and may hold or resell the notes. For example, the agents may enter into these transactions in connection with any market making activities in which they engage. We cannot assure you that these activities will not adversely affect the value of the Market Measure, the market value of your notes prior to maturity, or the payment on the notes.

**Our trading, hedging and other business activities, and those of the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates, may create conflicts of interest with you.** We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates may engage in trading activities related to the

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Market Measure and to securities included in the Market Measure that are not for your account or on your behalf. We, the agents, or one or more of our respective affiliates also may issue or underwrite other financial instruments with returns based upon the applicable Market Measure. In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the agents or their affiliates may hold and trade our or our affiliates' debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Certain of the agents or their affiliates may also have a lending or other financial relationship with us. In order to hedge such exposure, the agents or their affiliates may enter into transactions such as the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions in our or our affiliates' securities, including potentially the notes. Any such short positions could adversely affect future trading prices of the notes. These trading and other business activities may present a conflict of interest between your interest in the notes and the interests we, the agents, and our respective affiliates may have in our proprietary accounts, in facilitating transactions, including block trades, for our or their other customers, and in accounts under our or their management. These trading and other business activities, if they influence the value of the Market Measure or secondary trading in your notes, could be adverse to your interests as a beneficial owner of the notes.

We, the agents, and our respective affiliates expect to enter into arrangements or adjust or close out existing transactions to hedge our obligations under the notes. We, the agents, or our respective affiliates also may enter into hedging transactions relating to other securities or instruments that we or they issue, some of which may have returns calculated in a manner related to that of a particular issue of the notes. We may enter into such hedging arrangements with one or more of our subsidiaries or affiliates, or with one or more of the agents or their affiliates. Such a party may enter into additional hedging transactions with other parties relating to the notes and the applicable Market Measure. This hedging activity is expected to result in a profit to those engaging in the hedging activity, which could be more or less than initially expected, but could also result in a loss. We, the agents, and our respective affiliates will price these hedging transactions with the intent to realize a profit, regardless of whether the value of the notes increases or decreases, whether the notes will be automatically called, if applicable, or whether the Redemption Amount on the notes is more or less than the principal amount of the notes. Any profit in connection with such hedging activities will be in addition to any other compensation that we, the agents, and our respective affiliates receive for the sale of the notes, which creates an additional incentive to sell the notes to you.

**There may be potential conflicts of interest involving the calculation agent. We have the right to appoint and remove the calculation agent.** We expect to appoint BofAS or one of its affiliates as the calculation agent for the notes and, as such, it will determine the Starting Value, the Step Up Value, the Threshold Value, the Ending Value, the Redemption Amount, and if applicable, each Observation Level and whether the notes will be called. As the calculation agent, BofAS or one of its affiliates will have discretion in making various determinations that affect your notes. The exercise of this discretion by the calculation agent could adversely affect the value of your notes and may present the calculation agent with a conflict of interest of the kind described under "—Trading and hedging activities by us, the agents, and our respective affiliates may affect your return on the notes and their market value" and "—Our trading, hedging and other business activities, and those of the agents or one or more of our respective affiliates, may create conflicts of interest with you" above.

#### Market Measure-related Risks
**No publisher of an index to which your notes are linked (each an "Index Publisher") will have any obligations relating to the notes.** No Index Publisher will have any financial or legal obligation with respect to the notes or the amounts to be paid to you, including any obligation to take our needs or the needs of noteholders into consideration for any reason, including taking any actions that might adversely affect the value of the Market Measure or the value of the notes. No Index Publisher will receive any of the proceeds from any offering of the notes, and no Index Publisher will be responsible for, or participate in, the offering of the notes. No Index Publisher will be responsible for, or participate in, the determination or calculation of the amount receivable by holders of the notes.

Neither we nor any agent has made any independent investigation as to the completeness or accuracy of publicly available information regarding any Market Measure or as to the future performance of any Market Measure. Any prospective purchaser of the notes should undertake such independent investigation of any Market Measure as in its judgment is appropriate to make an informed decision with respect to an investment in the notes.

**The respective Index Publishers of the applicable indices may adjust those indices in a way that affects their levels, and these Index Publishers have no obligation to consider your interests.** Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, we, the agents, and our respective affiliates have no affiliation with any Index Publisher of an index to which your notes are linked. Consequently, we have no control over the actions of any Index Publisher. The Index Publisher can add, delete, or substitute the components included in that index or make other methodological changes that could change its level. A new security included in an index may perform significantly better or worse than the replaced security, and the performance will impact the level of the applicable index. Additionally, an Index Publisher may alter, discontinue, or suspend calculation or dissemination of an index. Any of these actions could adversely affect the value of your notes. The Index Publishers will have no obligation to consider your interests in calculating or revising any index.

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**You must rely on your own evaluation of the merits of an investment linked to the applicable Market Measure.** In the ordinary course of business, we, the agents, and our respective affiliates may have expressed views on expected movements in a Market Measure or the securities included in the Market Measure, and may do so in the future. These views or reports may be communicated to our clients and clients of these entities. However, these views are subject to change from time to time. Moreover, other professionals who deal in markets relating to a Market Measure may at any time have significantly different views from our views and the views of these entities. For these reasons, you are encouraged to derive information concerning a Market Measure and its component securities from multiple sources, and you should not rely on our views or the views expressed by these entities.

**As a noteholder, you will have no rights to receive any of the securities represented by the Market Measure, and you will not be entitled to receive dividends or other distributions by the issuers of these securities.** The notes are our debt securities. They are not equity instruments, shares of stock, or securities of any other issuer. Investing in the notes will not make you a holder of any of the securities represented by the Market Measure. You will not have any voting rights, any rights to receive dividends or other distributions, or any other rights with respect to those securities. As a result, the return on your notes may not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned those securities and received the dividends paid or other distributions made in connection with them. Additionally, the levels of certain indices reflect only the prices of the securities included in that index and do not take into consideration the value of dividends paid on those securities. Your notes will be paid in cash and you have no right to receive any of those securities.

**Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, we and the agents do not control any company included in any Market Measure and have not verified any disclosure made by any of those companies.** We, the agents, or our respective affiliates currently, or in the future, may engage in business with companies included in a Market Measure, and we, the agents, or our respective affiliates may from time to time own securities of companies included in a Market Measure. However, none of us, the agents, or any of our respective affiliates has the ability to control the actions of any of these companies or has undertaken any independent review of, or made any due diligence inquiry with respect to, any of these companies, unless (and only to the extent that) the securities of us, the agents, or our respective affiliates are represented by that Market Measure. In addition, unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, none of us, the agents, or any of our respective affiliates is responsible for the calculation of any index represented by a Market Measure. Unless otherwise specified therein, any information in the applicable term sheet regarding the Market Measure is derived from publicly available information. You should make your own investigation into the Market Measure.

Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, none of the Index Publishers, their affiliates, or any companies included in the Market Measure will be involved in any offering of the notes or will have any obligation of any sort with respect to the notes. As a result, none of those companies will have any obligation to take your interests as holders of the notes into consideration for any reason, including taking any corporate actions that might adversely affect the value of the securities represented by the Market Measure or the value of the notes.

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**Our business activities and those of the agents relating to the companies represented by a Market Measure or the notes may create conflicts of interest with you.** We, the agents, and our respective affiliates, at the time of any offering of the notes or in the future, may engage in business with the companies represented by a Market Measure, including making loans to, equity investments in, or providing investment banking, asset management, or other services to those companies, their affiliates, and their competitors.

In connection with these activities, any of these entities may receive information about those companies that we will not divulge to you or other third parties. We, the agents, and our respective affiliates have published, and in the future may publish, research reports on one or more of these companies. The agents may also publish research reports relating to our or our affiliates' securities, including the notes. This research is modified from time to time without notice and may express opinions or provide recommendations that are inconsistent with purchasing or holding your notes. Any of these activities may adversely affect the value of the Market Measure and, consequently, the market value of your notes. None of us, the agents, or our respective affiliates makes any representation to any purchasers of the notes regarding any matters whatsoever relating to the issuers of the securities included in a Market Measure. Any prospective purchaser of the notes should undertake an independent investigation of the companies included in the Market Measure to a level that, in its judgment, is appropriate to make an informed decision regarding an investment in the notes. The composition of the Market Measure does not reflect any investment recommendations from us, the agents, or our respective affiliates.

**If the Market Measure to which your notes are linked includes equity securities traded on foreign exchanges, your return may be affected by factors affecting international securities markets.** The value of securities traded outside of the U.S. may be adversely affected by a variety of factors relating to the relevant securities markets. Factors which could affect those markets, and therefore the return on your notes, include:

• **Market Liquidity and Volatility.** The relevant foreign securities markets may be less liquid and/or more volatile than U.S. or other securities markets and may be affected by market developments in different ways than U.S. or other securities markets.

• **Political, Economic, and Other Factors.** The prices and performance of securities of companies in foreign countries may be affected by political, economic, financial, and social factors in those regions. Direct or indirect government intervention to stabilize a particular securities market and cross-shareholdings in companies in the relevant foreign markets may affect prices and the volume of trading in those markets. In addition, recent or future changes in government, economic, and fiscal policies in the relevant jurisdictions, the possible imposition of, or changes in, currency exchange laws, or other laws or restrictions, and possible fluctuations in the rate of exchange between currencies, are factors that could adversely affect the relevant securities

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markets. The relevant foreign economies may differ from the U.S. economy in economic factors such as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources, and self-sufficiency.

In particular, many emerging nations are undergoing rapid change, involving the restructuring of economic, political, financial and legal systems. Regulatory and tax environments may be subject to change without review or appeal, and many emerging markets suffer from underdevelopment of capital markets and tax systems. In addition, in some of these nations, issuers of the relevant securities face the threat of expropriation of their assets, and/or nationalization of their businesses. The economic and financial data about some of these countries may be unreliable.

• **Publicly Available Information.** There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies than about U.S. companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC. In addition, accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and requirements in foreign countries differ from those applicable to U.S. reporting companies.

**Exchange rate movements may adversely impact the value of the notes. If any security included in an index is traded in a currency other than U.S. dollars and, for purposes of calculating the level of that index, is converted into U.S. dollars, then the level of that index is likely to depend in part on the relevant exchange rates. If the value of the U.S. dollar strengthens against the currencies of that index, the level of the applicable index may be adversely affected and the payment on the notes may be reduced. Exchange rate movements may be particularly impacted by existing and expected rates of inflation and interest rate levels; political, civil or military unrest; the balance of payments between countries; and the extent of governmental surpluses or deficits in the relevant countries and the United States. All of these factors are in turn sensitive to the monetary, fiscal, and trade policies pursued by the governments of those countries and the United States and other countries important to international trade and finance.**

#### Other Risk Factors Relating to the Applicable Market Measure
The applicable term sheet may set forth additional risk factors as to the Market Measure that you should review prior to purchasing the notes.

#### Tax-related Risks
**The U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes are uncertain, and may be adverse to a holder of the notes.** No statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addresses the characterization of the notes or securities similar to the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes are not certain. Under the terms of the notes, you will have agreed with us to treat the notes as pre-paid cash settled derivative contracts, as described under "U.S. Federal Income Tax Summary—General." If the Internal Revenue Service (the "**IRS**") were successful in asserting an alternative characterization for the notes, the timing and character of gain or loss with respect to the notes may differ. No ruling will be requested from the IRS with respect to the notes and no assurance can be given that the IRS will agree with the statements made in the section entitled "U.S. Federal Income Tax Summary."

**You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in the notes.**

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#### USE OF PROCEEDS AND HEDGING
We will use the net proceeds we receive from each sale of the notes for the purposes described in the accompanying prospectus supplement under "Use of Proceeds." In addition, we expect that we or our affiliates may use a portion of the net proceeds to hedge our obligations under the notes.

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#### DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES

#### General
Each issue of the notes will be part of a series of medium-term notes entitled "Senior Global Medium-Term Notes, Series I" that will be issued under the senior indenture, as amended and supplemented from time to time. The senior indenture is described more fully in the prospectus and prospectus supplement. The following description of the notes supplements and, to the extent it is inconsistent with, supersedes the description of the general terms and provisions of the notes and debt securities set forth under the headings "Description of the Notes We May Offer" in the prospectus supplement and "Description of Debt Securities" in the prospectus. These documents should be read in connection with the applicable term sheet.

The maturity date of the notes and the aggregate principal amount of each issue of the notes will be stated in the applicable term sheet. If the scheduled maturity date is not a business day, we will make the required payment on the next business day, and no interest will accrue as a result of such delay.

We will not pay interest on the notes. The notes do not guarantee the return of principal at maturity. The notes will be payable only in U.S. dollars.

Unless subject to an automatic call and automatically called prior to the maturity date, the notes will mature on the date set forth in the applicable term sheet. Prior to the maturity date, the notes are not redeemable by us at our option or repayable at the option of any holder. The notes are not subject to any sinking fund. The notes are not subject to the defeasance provisions described in the prospectus under the caption "Description of Debt Securities—Defeasance."

We will issue the notes in denominations of whole units. Unless otherwise set forth in the applicable term sheet, each unit will have a principal amount of $10. The CUSIP number for each issue of the notes will be set forth in the applicable term sheet. You may transfer the notes only in whole units.

#### Payment at Maturity
If the notes are not subject to an automatic call or if the notes are subject to an automatic call but are not called, then at maturity, subject to our credit risk as issuer of the notes, you will receive a Redemption Amount, denominated in U.S. dollars. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the "**Redemption Amount**" will be calculated as follows:

• If the Ending Value is greater than the Step Up Value, then the Redemption Amount will equal:

![](image00008.jpg)

If specified in the applicable term sheet, at maturity, your notes may provide a leveraged return if the Ending Value is greater than the Step Up Value. In this case, a Participation Rate will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

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• If the Ending Value is equal to or greater than the Starting Value but is equal to or less than the Step Up Value, then the Redemption Amount will equal:

Principal Amount + Step Up Payment

• If the Ending Value is less than the Starting Value, but is equal to or greater than the Threshold Value, then the Redemption Amount will equal the principal amount.

• If the Ending Value is less than the Threshold Value, then the Redemption Amount will equal:

![](image00009.jpg)

The Redemption Amount will not be less than zero.

The "**Step Up Value**" will be a value of the Market Measure that is a specified percentage (over 100%) of the Starting Value, as set forth in the applicable term sheet.

The "**Step Up Payment**" will be a dollar amount that will be equal to a percentage of the principal amount. This percentage will equal the percentage by which the Step Up Value is greater than the Starting Value. The Step Up Payment will be determined on the pricing date and set forth in the applicable term sheet.

The "**Threshold Value**" will be a value of the Market Measure that equals a specified percentage of the Starting Value, which will be less than or equal to 100%. The Threshold Value will be determined on the pricing date and set forth in the applicable term sheet. If the Threshold Value is equal to 100% of the Starting Value, then the Redemption Amount for the notes will be less than the principal amount if there is any decrease in the value of the Market Measure from the Starting Value to the Ending Value, and you may lose all of your investment in the notes.

The "**Participation Rate**," if applicable, is the rate at which investors participate in any increase in the value of the Market Measure if the Ending Value is greater than the Step Up Value.

Each term sheet will provide examples of Redemption Amounts based on a range of hypothetical Ending Values.

The applicable term sheet will set forth information as to the applicable Market Measure, including information as to the historical values of the Market Measure. However, historical values of the Market Measure are not indicative of its future performance or the performance of your notes.

An investment in the notes does not entitle you to any ownership interest in or any other rights with respect to the Market Measure or any of the securities of any of the companies included in the Market Measure, including any voting rights, dividends paid or other distributions made, or any other rights with respect to the Market Measure or any of the securities of any of the companies included in the Market Measure.

#### Automatic Call
If specified in the applicable term sheet, the notes may be subject to an automatic call. In that case, the notes will be called, in whole but not in part, if the Observation Level of the

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Market Measure on any Observation Date is greater than or equal to the Call Level set forth in the applicable term sheet.

The "**Call Level**" will be a value of the Market Measure that equals a specified percentage of the Starting Value.

The "**Observation Dates**" will be set forth in the applicable term sheet, subject to postponement if a Market Disruption Event or non-Market Measure Business Day occurs. The final Observation Date will be prior to the calculation day.

If the notes are automatically called on an Observation Date, for each unit of the notes that you own, we will pay you the Call Amount applicable to that Observation Date on the Call Settlement Date. The "**Call Amount**" will be equal to the principal amount plus the applicable Call Premium. The "**Call Premium**" will be a percentage of the principal amount and will be set forth in the applicable term sheet.

The Observation Dates and the related Call Amounts and Call Premiums will be specified in the applicable term sheet.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, if the notes are automatically called on an Observation Date, we will redeem the notes and pay the applicable Call Amount on the applicable Call Settlement Date. Each "**Call Settlement Date**" will occur on approximately the fifth business day after the applicable Observation Date, subject to postponement as described below.

If a scheduled Observation Date is not a Market Measure Business Day (as defined below) or if there is a Market Disruption Event on that day, the applicable Observation Date will be the immediately succeeding Market Measure Business Day during which no Market Disruption Event occurs or is continuing; provided that the Observation Level will not be determined on a date later than the fifth scheduled Market Measure Business Day after the scheduled Observation Date, and if that fifth day is not a Market Measure Business Day, or if there is a Market Disruption Event on that date, the calculation agent will determine (or, if not determinable, estimate) the Observation Level in a commercially reasonable manner on that fifth scheduled Market Measure Business Day.

If, due to a Market Disruption Event or otherwise, a scheduled Observation Date is postponed, the relevant Call Settlement Date will be postponed to approximately the fifth business day following the Observation Date as postponed, unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, a "business day" means any day, other than Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York are authorized or required by law, regulation, or executive order to close or a day on which transactions in U.S. dollars are not conducted.

#### The Starting Value, the Observation Level and the Ending Value

#### Starting Value
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the "**Starting Value**" will equal the closing level of the Market Measure on the pricing date.

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#### Observation Level
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the "Observation Level" will be the closing level of the Market Measure on the applicable Observation Date.

#### Ending Value
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the "**Ending Value**" will be the closing level of the Market Measure on the calculation day.

The "**calculation day**" means a scheduled Market Measure Business Day shortly before the maturity date. The scheduled calculation day will be set forth in the applicable term sheet.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, a "**Market Measure Business Day**" means a day on which (1) the New York Stock Exchange (the "**NYSE**") and The Nasdaq Stock Market, or their successors, are open for trading and (2) the applicable index (or any successor) is calculated and published.

If the scheduled calculation day is not a Market Measure Business Day by reason of an extraordinary event, occurrence, declaration or otherwise, or if there is a Market Disruption Event on that day (in either case, a "**non-calculation day**"), the calculation day will be the immediately succeeding Market Measure Business Day that is not a non-calculation day; provided that the Ending Value will be determined (or, if not determinable, estimated) by the calculation agent in a commercially reasonable manner on a date no later than the second scheduled Market Measure Business Day prior to the maturity date, regardless of whether that second scheduled Market Measure Business Day is a non-calculation day.

If the Market Measure consists of a Basket, the Starting Value, each Observation Level and the Ending Value of the Basket will be determined as described in "—Basket Market Measures."

#### Market Disruption Events
For an index, a "**Market Disruption Event**" means one or more of the following events, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, on the primary exchange where
 the securities included in an index trade (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session), in 20% or more of the securities which then comprise the index or any successor index; and

(B) the suspension of or material limitation on trading, in each case, for more than two consecutive hours of trading, or during the one-half hour period preceding the close of trading, on the primary exchange that trades options contracts or futures contracts related to the index (without taking into account any extended or after-hours trading session), whether by reason of movements in price otherwise exceeding levels permitted by the relevant exchange or otherwise, in options contracts or futures contracts related to the index, or any successor index.

For the purpose of determining whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred:

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<br> (1) a limitation on the hours in a Market Measure Business Day and/or number of days of trading will not constitute a Market Disruption Event if it results from an announced change in the regular business hours of the relevant exchange;

<br> (2) a decision to permanently discontinue trading in the relevant futures or options contracts related to the index, or any successor index, will not constitute a Market Disruption Event;

<sup>(3)</sup> a suspension in trading in a futures or options contract on the index, or any successor index, by a major securities market by reason of (a) a price change violating limits set by that securities market, (b) an imbalance of orders relating to those contracts, or (c) a disparity in bid and ask quotes relating to those contracts will constitute a suspension of or material limitation on trading in futures or options contracts related to the index;<br>

<br> (4) a suspension of or material limitation on trading on the relevant exchange will not include any time when that exchange is closed for trading under ordinary circumstances; and

<sup>(5)</sup> if applicable to indices with component securities listed on the NYSE, for the purpose of clause (A) above, any limitations on trading during significant market fluctuations under NYSE Rule 80B, or any applicable rule or regulation enacted or promulgated by the NYSE or any other self-regulatory organization or the SEC of similar scope as determined by the calculation agent, will be considered "material."<br>

#### Adjustments to an Index
After the applicable pricing date, an Index Publisher may make a material change in the method of calculating an index or in another way that changes the index such that it does not, in the opinion of the calculation agent, fairly represent the level of the index had those changes or modifications not been made. In this case, the calculation agent will, at the close of business in New York, New York, on each date that the closing level is to be calculated, make adjustments to the index. Those adjustments will be made in good faith as necessary to arrive at a calculation of a level of the index as if those changes or modifications had not been made, and calculate the closing level of the index, as so adjusted.

#### Discontinuance of an Index
After the pricing date, an Index Publisher may discontinue publication of an index to which an issue of the notes is linked. The Index Publisher or another entity may then publish a substitute index that the calculation agent determines, in its sole discretion, to be comparable to the original index (a "**successor index**"). If this occurs, the calculation agent will substitute the successor index as calculated by the relevant Index Publisher or any other entity and calculate the Observation Level, if applicable, and/or the Ending Value as described under "—The Starting Value, the Observation Level and the Ending Value" or "—Basket Market Measure," as applicable. If the calculation agent selects a successor index, the calculation agent will give written notice of the selection to the trustee, to us, and to the holders of the notes.

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If an Index Publisher discontinues publication of the index before the specified calculation day, or if applicable, an Observation Date and the calculation agent does not select a successor index, then on the day that would have been the calculation day, or if applicable, an Observation Date, until the earlier to occur of:

<br> • the occurrence of an automatic call, if applicable;

<br> • the determination of the Ending Value; or

<br> • a determination by the calculation agent that a successor index is available,

the calculation agent will compute a substitute level for the index in accordance with the procedures last used to calculate the index before any discontinuance as if that day were the calculation day, or if applicable, an Observation Date. The calculation agent will make available to holders of the notes information regarding those levels by means of Bloomberg L.P., Thomson Reuters, a website, or any other means selected by the calculation agent in its reasonable discretion.

If a successor index is selected or the calculation agent calculates a level as a substitute for an index, the successor index or level will be used as a substitute for all purposes, including for the purpose of determining whether a Market Disruption Event exists.

Notwithstanding these alternative arrangements, any modification or discontinuance of the publication of any index to which your notes are linked may adversely affect trading in the notes.

#### Basket Market Measures
If the Market Measure to which your notes are linked is a Basket, the Basket Components and, if necessary, the definition of Market Measure Business Day, will be set forth in the applicable term sheet. We will assign each Basket Component a weighting (the "**Initial Component Weight**") so that each Basket Component represents a percentage of the Starting Value of the Basket on the pricing date. The Basket Components may or may not have equal Initial Component Weights, as set forth in the applicable term sheet.

#### Determination of the Component Ratio for Each Basket Component
The "**Starting Value**" of the Basket will be equal to 100. We will set a fixed factor (the "**Component Ratio**") for each Basket Component on the pricing date, based upon the weighting of that Basket Component. The Component Ratio for each Basket Component will equal:

• the Initial Component Weight (expressed as a percentage) for that Basket Component, multiplied by 100; *divided by*

<br> • the closing level of that Basket Component on the pricing date.

Each Component Ratio will be rounded to eight decimal places.

The Component Ratios will be calculated in this way so that the Starting Value of the Basket will equal 100 on the pricing date. The Component Ratios will not be revised subsequent to their determination on the pricing date, except that the calculation agent may in its good faith judgment adjust the Component Ratio of any Basket Component in the event that Basket Component is materially changed or modified in a manner that does not, in the opinion of the calculation agent, fairly represent the value of that Basket Component had those material changes or modifications not been made.

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The following table is for illustration purposes only, and does not reflect the actual composition, Initial Component Weights, or Component Ratios, which will be set forth in the applicable term sheet.

Example: The **hypothetical** Basket Components are Index ABC, Index XYZ, and Index RST, with their Initial Component Weights being 50.00%, 25.00% and 25.00%, respectively, on a **hypothetical** pricing date:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Basket Component | **Initial**<br> **Component**<br> **Weight**<br>| **Hypothetical**<br> **Closing**<br> **Level<sup>(1)</sup>**<br>| **Hypothetical**<br> **Component**<br> **Ratio<sup>(2)</sup>**<br>| **Initial Basket**<br> **Value**<br> **Contribution**<br>|
| Index ABC | 50.00% | 500.00 | 0.10000000 | 50.00 |
| Index XYZ | 25.00% | 2420.00 | 0.01033058 | 25.00 |
| Index RST | 25.00% | 1014.00 | 0.02465483 | <u>25.00</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Starting Value<br>|  |  |  | 100.00 |

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![](image5.jpg)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) This column sets forth the **hypothetical** closing level of each Basket Component on the **hypothetical** pricing date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) The **hypothetical** Component Ratio for each Basket Component equals its Initial Component Weight (expressed as a percentage) multiplied by 100, and then divided by the
 hypothetical closing level of that Basket Component on the **hypothetical** pricing date, with the result rounded to eight decimal places.

Unless otherwise stated in the applicable term sheet, if a Market Disruption Event occurs on the pricing date as to any Basket Component or the pricing date is determined by the calculation agent not to be a Market Measure Business Day for any Basket Component by reason of an extraordinary event, occurrence, declaration or otherwise, the calculation agent will establish the closing level of that Basket Component (the "**Basket Component Closing Level**"), and thus its Component Ratio, based on the closing level of that Basket Component on the first Market Measure Business Day following the pricing date on which no Market Disruption Event occurs for that Basket Component. In the event that a Market Disruption Event or non-Market Measure Business Day occurs for that Basket Component on the pricing date and on each day thereafter to and including the second scheduled Market Measure Business Day following the pricing date, the calculation agent (not later than the close of business in New York, New York on the second scheduled Market Measure Business Day following the pricing date) will estimate the Basket Component Closing Level, and thus the applicable Component Ratio, in a manner that the calculation agent considers commercially reasonable. The final term sheet will provide the Basket Component Closing Level, a brief statement of the facts relating to the establishment of the Basket Component Closing Level (including the applicable Market Disruption Event(s)), and the applicable Component Ratio.

For purposes of determining whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred as to any Basket Component, "Market Disruption Event" will have the meaning stated above in "—Market Disruption Events."

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#### Observation Level or Ending Value of the Basket
The calculation agent will calculate the value of the Basket by summing the products of the Basket Component Closing Level on the calculation day, or if applicable, the applicable Observation Date, and the Component Ratio for each Basket Component. The value of the Basket will vary based on the increase or decrease in the level of each Basket Component. Any increase in the level of a Basket Component (assuming no change in the level of the other Basket Component or Basket Components) will result in an increase in the value of the Basket. Conversely, any decrease in the level of a Basket Component (assuming no change in the level of the other Basket Component or Basket Components) will result in a decrease in the value of the Basket.

The "**Observation Level**" of the Basket will be the value of the Basket on the applicable Observation Date.

The "**Ending Value**" of the Basket will be the value of the Basket on the calculation day.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, if, for any Basket Component (an "**Affected Basket Component**"), (i) a Market Disruption Event occurs on the scheduled calculation day, or if applicable, the applicable Observation Date, or (ii) any such date is determined by the calculation agent not to be a Market Measure Business Day by reason of an extraordinary event, occurrence, declaration, or otherwise (any such day in either (i) or (ii) being a "**non-calculation day**"), the calculation agent will determine the closing levels of the Basket Components for such non-calculation day, and as a result, the Ending Value or the relevant Observation Level, if applicable, as follows:

<br> • The closing level of each Basket Component that is not an Affected Basket Component will be its closing level on such non-calculation day.

• The closing level of each Basket Component that is an Affected Basket Component for the applicable non-calculation day will be determined in the same manner as described in the second to last paragraph of subsection "—Automatic Call" or the third paragraph of subsection"—The Starting Value, the Observation Level and the Ending Value—Ending Value," as applicable, provided that references to "Market Measure" will be references to "Basket Component."

For purposes of determining whether a Market Disruption Event has occurred as to any Basket Component, "Market Disruption Event" will have the meaning stated above in "—Market Disruption Events."

#### Role of the Calculation Agent
The calculation agent has the sole discretion to make all determinations regarding the notes as described in this product supplement, including determinations regarding the Starting Value, the Step Up Value, the Threshold Value, the Ending Value, the Market Measure, the Redemption Amount, any Market Disruption Events, a successor index, Market Measure Business Days, business days, calculation days, non-calculation days, determinations related to any adjustments to, or discontinuance of any index, and if applicable, the Call Level, the Observation Level of the Market Measure on each Observation Date, and whether the notes will be called. Absent manifest error, all determinations of the calculation agent will be conclusive for all purposes and final and binding on you and us, without any liability on the part of the calculation agent.

We expect to appoint BofAS or one of its affiliates as the calculation agent for each issue of the notes. However, we may change the calculation agent at any time without notifying you. The identity of the calculation agent will be set forth in the applicable term sheet.

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#### Payment of Additional Amounts
We will pay any amounts to be paid by us on the notes without deduction or withholding for, or on account of, any and all present or future income, stamp and other taxes, levies, imposts, duties, charges, fees, deductions, or withholdings ("taxes") now or hereafter imposed, levied, collected, withheld, or assessed by or on behalf of Canada or any Canadian political subdivision or authority that has the power to tax, unless the deduction or withholding is required by law or by the interpretation or administration thereof by the relevant governmental authority. At any time a Canadian taxing jurisdiction requires us to deduct or withhold for or on account of taxes from any payment made under or in respect of the notes, we will pay such additional amounts ("Additional Amounts") as may be necessary, so that the net amounts received by each holder (including Additional Amounts), after such deduction or withholding, shall not be less than the amount the holder would have received had no such deduction or withholding been required.

However, no Additional Amounts will be payable with respect to a payment made to a holder of a note or of a right to receive payments in respect thereto (a "Payment Recipient"), which we refer to as an "Excluded Holder," in respect of a beneficial owner or Payment Recipient:

<br> (i) with whom we do not deal at arm's length (within the meaning of the Income Tax Act (Canada)) at the time of making such payment;

(ii) who is subject to such taxes by reason of the holder being connected presently or formerly with Canada or any province or territory thereof otherwise than by reason of the holder's activity in connection with purchasing the notes, the holding of the notes or the receipt of payments thereunder;

(iii) who is, or who does not deal at arm's length with a person who is, a "specified shareholder" (within the meaning of subsection 18(5) of the Income Tax Act (Canada)) of Royal Bank of Canada (generally a person will be a "specified shareholder" for this purpose if that person, either alone or together with persons with whom the person does not deal at arm's length, owns 25% or more of (a) our voting shares, or (b) the fair market value of all of our issued and outstanding shares); or who is a "specified entity" as defined in proposals to amend the Income Tax Act (Canada) released on April 29, 2022 with respect to "hybrid mismatch arrangements" with respect to Royal Bank of Canada or substantially analogous provisions of any finally enacted amendment to the Income Tax Act (Canada);

<br> (iv) who presents such notes for payment (where presentation is required, such as if a note is issued in definitive form) more than 30 days after the relevant date; for this purpose, the "relevant date" in relation to any payments on any note means:

<br> (a) the due date for payment thereof (whether at maturity or upon an earlier acceleration), or

(b) if the full amount of the monies payable on such date has not been received by the trustee on or prior to such due date, the date on which the full amount of such monies has been received and notice to that effect is given to holders of the notes in accordance with the senior indenture;

(v) who could lawfully avoid (but has not so avoided) such withholding or deduction by complying, or procuring that any third party comply with, any statutory requirements necessary to establish qualifications for an exemption from withholding or by making, or procuring that any third party make, a declaration of non-residence or other similar claim for exemption to any relevant tax authority; or

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(vi) who is subject to deduction or withholding on account of any tax, assessment, or other governmental charge that is imposed or withheld by reason of the application of Section 1471 through 1474 of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "**Code**") (or any successor provisions), any regulation, pronouncement, or agreement thereunder, official interpretations thereof, or any law implementing an intergovernmental approach thereto, whether currently in effect or as published and amended from time to time.

For the purposes of clause (iv) above, if a note is presented for payment more than 30 days after the relevant date, we shall only be required to pay such Additional Amounts as shall have accrued as of such 30th day, and no further Additional Amounts shall accrue or become payable after such date.

For the avoidance of doubt, we will not have any obligation to pay any holders Additional Amounts on any tax which is payable otherwise than by deduction or withholding from payments made under or in respect of the notes.

We will also make such withholding or deduction and remit the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant authority in accordance with applicable law. We will furnish to the trustee, within 30 days after the date the payment of any Canadian taxes is due pursuant to applicable law, certified copies of tax receipts evidencing that such payment has been made or other evidence of such payment satisfactory to the trustee. We will indemnify and hold harmless each holder of the notes (other than an Excluded Holder) and upon written request reimburse each such holder for the amount of (x) any Canadian taxes so levied or imposed and paid by such holder as a result of payments made under or with respect to the notes and (y) any Canadian taxes levied or imposed and paid by such holder with respect to any reimbursement under (x) above, but excluding any such taxes on such holder's net income or capital.

For additional information, see the section entitled "Tax Consequences—Canadian Taxation" in the accompanying prospectus.

#### Same-Day Settlement a nd Payment
The notes will be delivered in book-entry form only through The Depository Trust Company against payment by purchasers of the notes in immediately available funds. We will pay the amounts payable on the notes in immediately available funds so long as the notes are maintained in book-entry form.

#### Events of Default and Acceleration
Events of default are defined in the senior indenture. If such event occurs and is continuing, unless otherwise stated in the applicable term sheet, the amount payable to a holder of the notes upon any acceleration permitted under the senior indenture will be equal to the Redemption Amount described under the caption "—Payment at Maturity," determined as if the date of acceleration were the maturity date of the notes and as if the calculation day were the fifth Market Measure Business Day prior to the date of acceleration.

If the notes are subject to an automatic call, and an event of default occurs on or prior to the final Observation Date (*i.e.*, not during the period from after that Observation Date to the original maturity date of the notes), then the payment on the notes will be determined as described under the caption "—Automatic Call," as if the next scheduled Observation Date were five Market Measure Business Days prior to the date of acceleration; provided that the applicable Observation Level as of that date is greater than or equal to the Call Level. In such a case, the calculation agent shall pro-rate the applicable Call Premium and Call Amount

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according to the period of time elapsed between the settlement date of the notes and the date of acceleration. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Observation Level of the Market Measure as of that date is less than the Call Level, the payment on the notes will be calculated as set forth in the prior paragraph.

If a bankruptcy proceeding is commenced in respect of us, your claim may be limited under applicable bankruptcy law. In case of a default in payment of the notes, whether at their maturity or upon acceleration, they will not bear a default interest rate. For additional discussion of these matters, please see the discussion in the prospectus under the headings "Description of Debt Securities—Modification and Waiver of the Debt Securities" beginning on page 9 and "—Events of Default" beginning on page 15.

#### Listing
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable term sheet, the notes will not be listed on a securities exchange.

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#### SUPPLEMENTAL PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
BofAS and one or more of its affiliates may act as our agents for any offering of the notes. The agents may act on either a principal basis or an agency basis, as set forth in the applicable term sheet. Each agent will be a party to the distribution agreement described in the "Supplemental Plan of Distribution" on page S-42 of the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Each agent will receive an underwriting discount that is a percentage of the aggregate principal amount of the notes sold through its efforts, which will be set forth in the applicable term sheet. You must have an account with the applicable agent in order to purchase the notes.

None of the agents is acting as your fiduciary or advisor solely as a result of the making of any offering of the notes, and you should not rely upon this product supplement, the term sheet, or the accompanying prospectus or prospectus supplement as investment advice or a recommendation to purchase any notes. You should make your own investment decision regarding the notes after consulting with your legal, tax, and other advisors.

BofAS and its affiliates may use this product supplement, the prospectus supplement, and the prospectus, together with the applicable term sheet, in market-making transactions for any notes after their initial sale solely for the purpose of providing investors with the description of the terms of the notes that were made available to investors in connection with the initial distribution of the notes. Secondary market investors should not, and will not be authorized to rely on these documents for information regarding Royal Bank of Canada or for any purpose other than that described in the immediately preceding sentence.

#### Selling Restrictions

#### Prohibition of Sales to EEA Retail Investors
BofAS has represented and agreed, and each further dealer appointed under the program will be required to represent and agree, that it has not offered, sold or otherwise made available and will not offer, sell or otherwise make available any notes which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this product supplement and the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus as completed by the applicable pricing supplement to any retail investor in the European Economic Area. For the purposes of this provision:

<br> (a) the expression "retail investor" means a person who is one (or more) of the following:

(i) a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU, as amended ("**MiFID II**"); or

(ii) a customer within the meaning of the Directive (EU) 2016/97, as amended or superseded (the "**Insurance Distribution Directive**"), where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or

(iii) not a qualified investor as defined in Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (the "**EU Prospectus Regulation**"); and

<br> (b) the expression "offer" includes the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the notes to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the notes.

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#### Prohibition of Sales to UK Retail Investors
BofAS has represented and agreed, and each further dealer appointed under the program will be required to represent and agree, that it has not offered, sold or otherwise made available and will not offer, sell or otherwise make available any notes which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this product supplement and the accompanying prospectus supplement and prospectus as completed by the applicable pricing supplement to any retail investor in the United Kingdom ("**UK**"). For the purposes of this provision:

<br> (a) the expression "retail investor" means a person who is one (or more) of the following:

(i) a retail client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No. 2017/565 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (the "**EUWA**"); or

(ii) a customer within the meaning of the provisions of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the "**FSMA**") and any rules or regulations made under the FSMA to implement Directive (EU) 2016/97, where that customer would not qualify as a professional client, as defined in point (8) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the EUWA; or

(iii) not a qualified investor as defined in Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of UK domestic law by virtue of the EUWA (the "**UK Prospectus Regulation**"); and

<br> (b) the expression an "offer" includes the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the notes to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the notes.

#### United Kingdom
BofAS has represented and agreed, and each further dealer appointed under the program will be required to represent and agree, that:

(a) in relation to any notes which have a maturity of less than one year, (i) it is a person whose ordinary activities involve it in acquiring, holding, managing, or disposing of investments (as principal or as agent) for the purposes of its business and (ii) it has not offered or sold and will not offer or sell any notes other than to persons whose ordinary activities involve them in acquiring, holding, managing, or disposing of investments (as principal or as agent) for the purposes of their businesses or who it is reasonable to expect will acquire, hold, manage, or dispose of investments (as principal or as agent) for the purposes of their businesses where the issue of the notes would otherwise constitute a contravention of section 19 of the FSMA by Royal Bank of Canada; and

(b) it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of section 21 of the FSMA) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of any notes in circumstances in which section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to Royal Bank of Canada; and

<br> (c) it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the notes in, from or otherwise involving the UK.

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#### CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX SUMMARY
An investor should read carefully the description of material Canadian federal income tax considerations relevant to a Non-resident Holder owning debt securities under "Tax Consequences—Canadian Taxation" in the accompanying prospectus.

The Canadian tax disclosure in the prospectus also assumes that a Non-resident Holder (i) does not dispose of the notes to an entity that is a "specified entity" (as defined in proposed amendments released by the Department of Finance (Canada) on April 29, 2022) (the "Hybrid Mismatch Proposals") with respect to such holder or in respect of which the holder is a "specified entity"; (ii) does not dispose of the notes under, or in connection with a "structured arrangement" (as defined in the Hybrid Mismatch Proposals); and (iii) is not an entity in respect of which Royal Bank of Canada is a "specified entity".

#### U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX SUMMARY
The following summary of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the notes supplements, and to the extent inconsistent supersedes, the discussions under "Tax Consequences — United States Taxation" in the accompanying prospectus and under "Certain Income Tax Consequences — United States Taxation" in the accompanying prospectus supplement and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations. This summary is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "**Code**"), regulations promulgated under the Code by the U.S. Treasury Department ("**Treasury**") (including proposed and temporary regulations), rulings, current administrative interpretations and official pronouncements of the IRS, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. This summary does not include any description of the tax laws of any state or local governments, or of any foreign government, that may be applicable to a particular holder. If the tax consequences associated with the notes are different than those described below, they will be described in the applicable term sheet.

This summary is directed solely to U.S. holders and non-U.S. holders that, except as otherwise specifically noted, will purchase the notes upon original issuance and will hold the notes as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code, which generally means property held for investment, and that are not excluded from the discussion under "Tax Consequences — United States Taxation" in the accompanying prospectus. This discussion does not address the tax consequences applicable to any holders under Section 451(b) of the Code.

*You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences to you of acquiring, owning, and disposing of the notes, as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local, foreign, or other tax jurisdiction and the possible effects of changes in U.S. federal or other tax laws.*

#### General
Although there is no statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addressing the characterization of the notes, in the opinion of our counsel, Ashurst LLP, it would be reasonable to treat the notes with terms described in this product supplement as pre-paid cash settled derivative contracts with respect to the Market Measure and under the terms of the notes, every investor in the notes agree, in the absence of an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary, to treat the notes for all tax purposes in accordance with such characterization. This discussion assumes that the notes constitute pre-paid cash settled derivative contracts with respect to the Market Measure for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the notes did not constitute pre-paid cash settled derivative contracts, the tax consequences described below would be materially different.

*This characterization of the notes is not binding on the IRS or the courts. No statutory, judicial, or administrative authority directly addresses the characterization of the notes or any similar instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and no ruling is being requested from the IRS with respect to their proper characterization and treatment. Due to the absence of*

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*authorities on point, significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes are not certain, and no assurance can be given that the IRS or any court will agree with the characterization and tax treatment described in this product supplement. Accordingly, you are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding all aspects of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative characterizations.*

Unless otherwise stated, the following discussion is based on the characterization described above. The discussion in this section assumes that there is a significant possibility of a significant loss of principal on an investment in the notes.

We will not attempt to ascertain whether the issuer of any component stocks included in the Market Measure would be treated as a "passive foreign investment company" ("**PFIC**"), within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code, or a United States real property holding corporation, within the meaning of Section 897(c) of the Code. If the issuer of one or more stocks included in the Market Measure were so treated, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could possibly apply to a holder of the notes. You should refer to information filed with the SEC by the issuers of the component stocks included in the Market Measure and consult your tax advisor regarding the possible consequences to you, if any, if any issuer of the component stocks included in the Market Measure is or becomes a PFIC or is or becomes a United States real property holding corporation.

#### U.S. Holders
Upon receipt of a cash payment at maturity or upon a sale, call or exchange of the notes prior to maturity, a U.S. holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. holder's tax basis in the notes. A U.S. holder's tax basis in the notes will equal the amount paid by that holder to acquire them. This capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. holder held the notes for more than one year. The holding period for notes of a U.S. holder who acquires notes upon issuance will generally begin on the date after the issue date of the notes. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

*Alternative Tax Treatments*. Due to the absence of authorities that directly address the proper tax treatment of the notes, prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding all possible alternative tax treatments of an investment in the notes. In particular, if the notes have a term that exceeds one year, the IRS could seek to subject the notes to the Treasury regulations governing contingent payment debt instruments. If the IRS were successful in that regard, the timing and character of income on the notes would be affected significantly. Among other things, a U.S. holder would be required to accrue original issue discount every year at a "comparable yield" determined at the time of issuance. In addition, any gain realized by a U.S. holder at maturity, or upon a sale, call or exchange, of the notes generally would be treated as ordinary income, and any loss realized at maturity would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the U.S. holder's prior accruals of original issue discount, and as capital loss thereafter. If the notes have a term of one year or less, the notes would generally be subject to the rules concerning short-term debt instruments as described under the heading "Tax Consequences — United States Taxation — Original Issue Discount — Short-Term Debt Securities" in the accompanying prospectus.

The IRS released Notice 2008-2 ("**Notice**"), which sought comments from the public on the taxation of financial instruments currently taxed as "prepaid forward contracts." This Notice addresses instruments such as the notes. According to the Notice, the IRS and Treasury are considering whether a holder of an instrument such as the notes should be required to accrue ordinary income on a current basis, regardless of whether any payments are made prior to maturity. It is not possible to determine what guidance the IRS and Treasury will ultimately issue, if any. Any such future guidance may affect the amount, timing and character of income, gain, or loss in respect of the notes, possibly with retroactive effect.

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The IRS and Treasury are also considering additional issues, including whether additional gain or loss from such instruments should be treated as ordinary or capital, whether foreign holders of such instruments should be subject to withholding tax on any deemed income accruals, whether Section 1260 of the Code, concerning certain "constructive ownership transactions," generally applies or should generally apply to such instruments, and whether any of these determinations depend on the nature of the underlying asset.

In addition, proposed Treasury regulations require the accrual of income on a current basis for contingent payments made under certain notional principal contracts. The preamble to the regulations states that the "wait and see" method of accounting does not properly reflect the economic accrual of income on those contracts, and requires current accrual of income for some contracts already in existence. While the proposed regulations do not apply to prepaid forward contracts, the preamble to the proposed regulations expresses the view that similar timing issues exist in the case of prepaid forward contracts. If the IRS or Treasury publishes future guidance requiring current economic accrual for contingent payments on prepaid forward contracts, it is possible that you could be required to accrue income over the term of the notes. Further, future legislation, including legislation based on bills previously introduced in Congress, may tax all derivative instruments on a mark-to-market basis, requiring holders of such derivative instruments to take into account annually gains and losses on such instruments as ordinary income. The adoption of such legislation or similar proposals may significantly impact the tax consequences from an investment in the notes, including the timing and character of income and gain on the notes.

Because of the absence of authority regarding the appropriate tax characterization of the notes, it is also possible that the IRS could seek to characterize the notes in a manner that results in tax consequences that are different from those described above. For example, the IRS could possibly assert that any gain or loss that a holder may recognize at maturity or upon sale, call or exchange of the notes should be treated as ordinary gain or loss.

It is possible that the IRS could assert that a U.S. holder's holding period in respect of the notes should end on the applicable Observation Date, even though such holder will not receive any amounts in respect of the notes prior to the redemption or maturity of the notes. In such case, if the applicable Observation Date is not in excess of one year from the original issue date, a U.S. holder may be treated as having a holding period in respect of the notes equal to one year or less, in which case any gain or loss such holder recognizes at such time would be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.

If a Market Measure is or includes an index that periodically rebalances, it is possible that the notes could be treated as a series of pre-paid cash settled derivative contracts, each of which matures on the next rebalancing date. If the notes were properly characterized in such a manner, a U.S. holder would be treated as disposing of the notes on each rebalancing date in return for new notes that mature on the next rebalancing date, and a U.S. holder would accordingly likely recognize capital gain or loss on each rebalancing date equal to the difference between the holder's tax basis in the notes (which would be adjusted to take into account any prior recognition of gain or loss) and the fair market value of the notes on such date.

#### Non-U.S. Holders
The following discussion applies to non-U.S. holders of the notes. A non-U.S. holder is a beneficial owner of a note that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is a non-resident alien individual, a foreign corporation, or a foreign estate or trust.

Except as otherwise discussed below, a non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on any gain from the sale, call or exchange of the notes or their settlement at maturity, provided that the non-U.S. holder complies with applicable certification requirements and that the payment is not effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. holder of a U.S. trade or business. Notwithstanding the foregoing, gain from the sale, call or exchange of the notes or their settlement at maturity may be subject to U.S. federal income tax if that non-U.S. holder is a non-resident alien individual and is present in

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the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the settlement at maturity, sale, call or exchange and certain other conditions are satisfied.

If a non-U.S. holder of the notes is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business within the U.S. and if gain realized on the settlement at maturity, sale, call or exchange of the notes, is effectively connected with the conduct of such trade or business (and, if certain tax treaties apply, is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the U.S.), the non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such gain on a net income basis in the same manner as if it were a U.S. holder. Such non-U.S. holders should read the material under the heading "—U.S. Holders," for a description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning, and disposing of the notes. In addition, if such non-U.S. holder is a foreign corporation, it may also be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% (or such lower rate provided by any applicable tax treaty) of a portion of its earnings and profits for the taxable year that are effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the U.S., subject to certain adjustments.

Under Section 871(m) of the Code, a "**dividend equivalent**" payment is treated as a dividend from sources within the United States and such payments generally would be subject to a 30% (or a lower rate under an applicable treaty) U.S. withholding tax if paid to a non-U.S. holder. Under Treasury regulations, certain payments (including deemed payments) with respect to equity-linked instruments ("ELIs") that are "specified ELIs" may be treated as dividend equivalents if such specified ELIs reference, directly or indirectly, an interest in an "underlying security," which is generally any interest in an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes if a payment with respect to such interest could give rise to a U.S. source dividend. However, the IRS has issued guidance that states that the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS intend to amend the effective dates of the U.S. Treasury regulations to provide that withholding on dividend equivalent payments will not apply to specified ELIs that are not delta-one instruments and that are issued before January 1, 2025. Accordingly, if the notes are not delta-one instruments and are issued before January 1, 2025, non-U.S. holders should not be subject to withholding on dividend equivalent payments, if any, under the notes. However, it is possible that the notes could be treated as deemed reissued for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the occurrence of certain events affecting the Market Measure or the notes (for example upon a rebalancing of the Market Measure), and following such occurrence the notes could be treated as subject to withholding on dividend equivalent payments. Non-U.S. holders that enter, or have entered, into other transactions in respect of the Market Measure or the notes should consult their tax advisors as to the application of the dividend equivalent withholding tax in the context of the notes and their other transactions. If any payments are treated as dividend equivalents subject to withholding, we (or the applicable withholding agent) would be entitled to withhold taxes without being required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld.

As discussed above, alternative characterizations of the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes are possible. Should an alternative characterization, by reason of change or clarification of the law, by regulation or otherwise, cause payments with respect to the notes to become subject to withholding tax, tax will be withheld at the applicable statutory rate. As discussed above, the IRS has indicated in the Notice that it is considering whether income in respect of instruments such as the notes should be subject to withholding tax. Prospective non-U.S. holders of the notes should consult their own tax advisors in this regard.

*U.S. Federal Estate Tax*. Under current law, while the matter is not entirely clear, individual non-U.S. holders, and entities whose property is potentially includible in those individuals' gross estates for U.S. federal estate tax purposes (for example, a trust funded by such an individual and with respect to which the individual has retained certain interests or powers), should note that, absent an applicable treaty benefit, the notes may be treated as U.S. situs property, subject to U.S. federal estate tax. These individuals and entities should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal estate tax consequences of investing in the notes.

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#### Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Payments made with respect to the notes and proceeds from the sale of the notes may be subject to a backup withholding tax unless, in general, the holder complies with certain procedures or is an exempt recipient. Any amounts so withheld generally will be refunded by the IRS or allowed as a credit against the holder's U.S. federal income tax, provided the holder makes a timely filing of an appropriate tax return or refund claim.

Reports will be made to the IRS and to holders that are not excepted from the reporting requirements.

#### Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act ("**FATCA**") imposes a 30% U.S. withholding tax on certain U.S. source payments, including interest (and original issue discount), dividends and other fixed or determinable annual or periodical gain, profits, and income ("**Withholdable Payments**"), if paid to a foreign financial institution (including amounts paid to a foreign financial institution on behalf of a holder), unless such institution enters into an agreement with Treasury to collect and provide to Treasury certain information regarding U.S. financial account holders, including certain account holders that are foreign entities with U.S. owners, with such institution or otherwise complies with FATCA. In addition, the notes may constitute a "financial account" for these purposes and thus, be subject to information reporting requirements pursuant to FATCA. FATCA also generally imposes a withholding tax of 30% on Withholdable Payments made to a non-financial foreign entity unless such entity provides the withholding agent with a certification that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or a certification identifying the direct and indirect substantial U.S. owners of the entity. Under certain circumstances, a holder may be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes.

The U.S. Treasury Department has proposed regulations that eliminate the requirement of FATCA withholding on payments of gross proceeds upon the sale or disposition of financial instruments of a type which can produce U.S. source interest or dividends. The U.S. Treasury Department has indicated that taxpayers may rely on these proposed regulations pending their finalization, and the discussion above assumes the proposed regulations will be finalized in their proposed form with retroactive effect. If we (or the applicable withholding agent) determine withholding is appropriate with respect to the notes, tax will be withheld at the applicable statutory rate, and we will not pay any additional amounts in respect of such withholding. Foreign financial institutions and non-financial foreign entities located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules. Prospective investors are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on their investment in the notes.

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