# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001287213
**File Stem:** 0001437749-25-024848
**Filing Date:** 2025-8
**Character Count:** 139884
**Document Hash:** 0f35f331cab9ab23f578bca03e863dfd
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001437749-25-024848.hdr.sgml**: 20250805

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001437749-25-024848

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 93

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250630

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250805

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250805

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001287213
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY & EQUIP [3531]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 06 Technology
- **EIN:** 134275891
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-34728
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251184937

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 11270 W. PARK PLACE SUITE 300
- **CITY:** MILWAUKEE
- **STATE:** WI
- **ZIP:** 53224
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 414-362-3940

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 11270 W. PARK PLACE SUITE 300
- **CITY:** MILWAUKEE
- **STATE:** WI
- **ZIP:** 53224

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** DOUGLAS DYNAMICS HOLDINGS INC
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20040415

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? plow20250630_10q.htm

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**UNITED STATES**

 **SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

------

**Form 10-Q**

------

**(Mark One)**

☒ **QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025**

**OR**

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from to .**

**Commission file number: 001-34728**

**DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **13-4275891** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |

---

**11270 W Park Place Ste 300** 

**Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53224**

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

**(414) 354-2310**

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | PLOW | New York Stock Exchange |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☒ |
| Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☐ |
|  | Emerging growth company ☐ |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of registrant's common shares outstanding as of August 5, 2025 was 23,040,878.

------

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.**

**Table of Contents**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [**PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION**](#part1) | [3](#part1) |
| [Item 1. Financial Statements](#part1) | [3](#part1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024](#bs) | [3](#bs) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#operations) | [4](#operations) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#cashflows) | [5](#cashflows) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#equity) | [6](#equity) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements](#notes) | [7](#notes) |
| [Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#mda) | [19](#mda) |
| [Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk](#quantitative) | [27](#quantitative) |
| [Item 4. Controls and Procedures](#controls) | [27](#controls) |
| [**PART II. OTHER INFORMATION**](#part2other) | [28](#part2other) |
| [Item 1. Legal Proceedings](#legal) | [28](#legal) |
| [Item 1A. Risk Factors](#risk) | [28](#risk) |
| [Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#unregistered) | [28](#unregistered) |
| [Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities](#defaults) | [28](#defaults) |
| [Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures](#minesafety) | [28](#minesafety) |
| [Item 5. Other Information](#item5other) | [28](#item5other) |
| [Item 6. Exhibits](#exhibits) | [29](#exhibits) |
| [Signatures](#signatures) | [30](#signatures) |

---

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

**Item 1. Financial Statements**

**Douglas Dynamics, Inc.**

**Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets**

**(In thousands except share data)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***December 31,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
|  | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** |
| **Assets** |  |  |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $7980 | $5119 |
| Accounts receivable, net | 141167 | 87407 |
| Inventories | 153286 | 137034 |
| Inventories - truck chassis floor plan | 20216 | 2612 |
| Prepaid and other current assets | 4100 | 6053 |
| Total current assets | 326749 | 238225 |
| Property, plant, and equipment, net | 41703 | 41311 |
| Goodwill | 113134 | 113134 |
| Other intangible assets, net | 110450 | 113550 |
| Operating lease - right of use asset | 66420 | 70801 |
| Non-qualified benefit plan assets | 11362 | 10482 |
| Other long-term assets | 1653 | 2480 |
| Total assets | $671471 | $589983 |
| **Liabilities and stockholders' equity** |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| Accounts payable | $39613 | $32319 |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 31026 | 26182 |
| Floor plan obligations | 20216 | 2612 |
| Operating lease liability - current | 7268 | 7394 |
| Income taxes payable | 7130 | 1685 |
| Short term borrowings | 42000 |  |
| Current portion of long-term debt | 7416 |  |
| Total current liabilities | 154669 | 70192 |
| Retiree benefits and deferred compensation | 13515 | 13616 |
| Deferred income taxes | 24717 | 24574 |
| Long-term debt, less current portion | 138698 | 146679 |
| Operating lease liability - noncurrent | 60937 | 64785 |
| Other long-term liabilities | 5671 | 5922 |
| Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
| Common Stock, par value $0.01, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 23,040,878 and 23,094,047 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 230 | 231 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 167636 | 170092 |
| Retained earnings | 100596 | 88420 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | 4802 | 5472 |
| Total stockholders' equity | 273264 | 264215 |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $671471 | $589983 |

---

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**Douglas Dynamics, Inc.**

**Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income**

**(In thousands, except share and per share data)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Six Months Ended*** | ***Six Months Ended*** |
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
|  | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** |
| Net sales | $194327 | $199902 | $309394 | $295557 |
| Cost of sales | 134031 | 138599 | 220959 | 215334 |
| Gross profit | 60296 | 61303 | 88435 | 80223 |
| Selling, general, and administrative expense | 21751 | 23370 | 45138 | 44858 |
| Impairment charges |  |  |  | 1224 |
| Intangibles amortization | 1550 | 1630 | 3100 | 4260 |
| Income from operations | 36995 | 36303 | 40197 | 29881 |
| Interest expense, net | (2973) | (4123) | (5357) | (7647) |
| Debt modification expense |  |  | (176) |  |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | (156) |  |
| Other income (expense), net | 123 | (53) | 127 | (50) |
| Income before taxes | 34145 | 32127 | 34635 | 22184 |
| Income tax expense | 8191 | 7789 | 8533 | 6198 |
| Net income | $25954 | $24338 | $26102 | $15986 |
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |
| Basic | 23131151 | 23094047 | 23126379 | 23051708 |
| Diluted | 23674029 | 23094047 | 23668491 | 23051708 |
| Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |
| Basic | $1.10 | $1.03 | $1.10 | $0.68 |
| Diluted | $1.09 | $1.02 | $1.09 | $0.66 |
| Cash dividends declared and paid per share | $0.30 | $0.30 | $0.59 | $0.59 |
| Comprehensive income | $25735 | $23883 | $25432 | $15871 |

---

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**Douglas Dynamics, Inc.**

**Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows**

**(In thousands)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Six Months Ended*** | ***Six Months Ended*** |
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
|  | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** |
| **Operating activities** |  |  |
| Net income | $26102 | $15986 |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| Depreciation and amortization | 7649 | 9752 |
| Loss on disposal of fixed assets |  | 304 |
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount | 275 | 349 |
| Debt modification expense | 176 |  |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | 156 |  |
| Stock-based compensation | 3704 | 2833 |
| Adjustments on derivatives not classified as hedges |  | (287) |
| Provision for losses on accounts receivable | 315 | 352 |
| Deferred income taxes | 143 | (244) |
| Impairment charges |  | 1224 |
| Non-cash lease expense | 4142 | 2714 |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| Accounts receivable | (54076) | (56790) |
| Inventories | (16252) | 971 |
| Prepaid assets, refundable income taxes and other assets | (958) | 885 |
| Accounts payable | 7480 | (3311) |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 10201 | 3968 |
| Benefit obligations, long-term liabilities and other | (1778) | 2180 |
| Net cash used in operating activities | (12721) | (19114) |
| **Investing activities** |  |  |
| Capital expenditures | (5126) | (2751) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (5126) | (2751) |
| **Financing activities** |  |  |
| Shares withheld on restricted stock vesting paid for employees' taxes | (161) |  |
| Repurchase of common stock | (6000) |  |
| Payments on life insurance policy loans | (119) | (204) |
| Payments of financing costs | (293) | (279) |
| Dividends paid | (13926) | (13612) |
| Net revolver borrowings | 42000 | 16000 |
| Borrowings on long-term debt | 148770 |  |
| Repayment of long-term debt | (149563) |  |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 20708 | 1905 |
| Change in cash and cash equivalents | 2861 | (19960) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 5119 | 24156 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $7980 | $4196 |
| **Non-cash operating and financing activities** |  |  |
| Truck chassis inventory acquired through floorplan obligations | $19249 | $5488 |

---

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**Douglas Dynamics, Inc.**

**Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders**' **Equity**

**(In thousands except share data)**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Common Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Additional Paid-in*** | ***Retained*** | ***Accumulated Other Comprehensive*** |  |
|  | ***Shares*** | ***Dollars*** | ***Capital*** | ***Earnings*** | ***Income*** | ***Total*** |
| **Three Months Ended June 30, 2025** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Balance at March 31, 2025 | 23209426 | $232 | $172080 | $81552 | $5021 | $258885 |
| Net income | *—* |  |  | 25954 |  | 25954 |
| Dividends paid | *—* |  |  | (6910) |  | (6910) |
| Adjustment for postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of $4 | *—* |  |  |  | (12) | (12) |
| Adjustment for interest rate swap, net of tax of $85 | *—* |  |  |  | (242) | (242) |
| Adjustment for steel hedging instrument, net of tax of ($12) | *—* |  |  |  | 35 | 35 |
| Repurchase of common stock | (210059) | (2) | (5998) |  |  | (6000) |
| Stock based compensation | 41511 |  | 1554 |  |  | 1554 |
| **Balance at June 30, 2025** | 23040878 | $230 | $167636 | $100596 | $4802 | $273264 |
| **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Balance at December 31, 2024 | 23094047 | $231 | $170092 | $88420 | $5472 | 264215 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net income | *—* |  |  | 26102 |  | 26102 |
| Dividends paid | *—* |  |  | (13926) |  | (13926) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of $8 | *—* |  |  |  | (24) | (24) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adjustment for interest rate swap, net of tax of $261 | *—* |  |  |  | (742) | (742) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adjustment for steel hedging instrument, net of tax of ($34) | *—* |  |  |  | 96 | 96 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Shares withheld on restricted stock vesting | *—* |  | (161) |  |  | (161) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Repurchase of common stock | (210059) | (2) | (5998) |  |  | (6000) |
| Stock based compensation | 156890 | 1 | 3703 |  |  | 3704 |
| **Balance at June 30, 2025** | 23040878 | $230 | $167636 | $100596 | $4802 | $273264 |
| **Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | 23094047 | $231 | $165587 | $44644 | $6696 | $217158 |
| Net income | *—* |  |  | 24338 |  | 24338 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dividends paid | *—* |  |  | (6862) |  | (6862) |
| Adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of $14 | *—* |  |  |  | (40) | (40) |
| Adjustment for interest rate swap, net of tax of $146 | *—* |  |  |  | (415) | (415) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Stock based compensation | *—* |  | 2478 |  |  | 2478 |
| **Balance at June 30, 2024** | 23094047 | $231 | $168065 | $62120 | $6241 | $236657 |
| **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | 22983965 | $230 | $165233 | $59746 | $6356 | $231565 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net income | *—* |  |  | 15986 |  | 15986 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dividends paid | *—* |  |  | (13612) |  | (13612) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit liability, net of tax of $28 | *—* |  |  |  | (80) | (80) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adjustment for interest rate swap, net of tax of $13 | *—* |  |  |  | (35) | (35) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Stock based compensation | 110082 | 1 | 2832 |  |  | 2833 |
| **Balance at June 30, 2024** | 23094047 | $231 | $168065 | $62120 | $6241 | $236657 |

---

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**Douglas Dynamics, Inc.**

**Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements**

**(In thousands except share and per share data)**

***1.*** **Basis of presentation**

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do *not* include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for fiscal year-end financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. For further information, refer to the financial statements and related footnotes included in our *2024* Form *10*-K (Commission File *No. 001*-*34728*) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on *February 25, 2025.*

The Company conducts business in two segments: Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions. See Note *15* to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of and financial information regarding these segments.

***Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Information***

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of *June 30, 2025*, the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the *three* and *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, have been prepared by the Company and have *not* been audited.

***2.*** **Revenue Recognition**

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company generates all of its revenue from contracts with customers. Additionally, contract amounts represent the full amount of the transaction price as agreed upon with the customer at the time of order, resulting in a single performance obligation in most cases. In the case of a single order containing multiple upfits, the transaction price *may* represent multiple performance obligations.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by customer type and timing of revenue recognition, and includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with reportable segments.

Revenue by customer type was as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three Months Ended June 30, 2025** | ***Work Truck Attachments*** | ***Work Truck Solutions*** | ***Total Revenue*** |
| Independent dealer | $108114 | $33413 | $141527 |
| Government |  | 30771 | 30771 |
| Fleet |  | 19626 | 19626 |
| Other |  | 2403 | 2403 |
| Total revenue | $108114 | $86213 | $194327 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** | ***Work Truck Attachments*** | ***Work Truck Solutions*** | ***Total Revenue*** |
| Independent dealer | $118137 | $44373 | $162510 |
| Government |  | 19097 | 19097 |
| Fleet |  | 17110 | 17110 |
| Other |  | 1185 | 1185 |
| Total revenue | $118137 | $81765 | $199902 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** | ***Work Truck Attachments*** | ***Work Truck Solutions*** | ***Total Revenue*** |
| Independent dealer | $144571 | $66819 | $211390 |
| Government |  | 58095 | 58095 |
| Fleet |  | 35466 | 35466 |
| Other |  | 4443 | 4443 |
| Total revenue | $144571 | $164823 | $309394 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** | ***Work Truck Attachments*** | ***Work Truck Solutions*** | ***Total Revenue*** |
| Independent dealer | $141977 | $77654 | $219631 |
| Government |  | 40788 | 40788 |
| Fleet |  | 31119 | 31119 |
| Other |  | 4019 | 4019 |
| Total revenue | $141977 | $153580 | $295557 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *7*

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

Revenue by timing of revenue recognition was as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three Months Ended June 30, 2025** | ***Work Truck Attachments*** | ***Work Truck Solutions*** | ***Total Revenue*** |
| Point in time | $108114 | $58341 | $166455 |
| Over time |  | 27872 | 27872 |
| Total revenue | $108114 | $86213 | $194327 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** | ***Work Truck Attachments*** | ***Work Truck Solutions*** | ***Total Revenue*** |
| Point in time | $118137 | $51454 | $169591 |
| Over time |  | 30311 | 30311 |
| Total revenue | $118137 | $81765 | $199902 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** | ***Work Truck Attachments*** | ***Work Truck Solutions*** | ***Total Revenue*** |
| Point in time | $144571 | $110731 | $255302 |
| Over time |  | 54092 | 54092 |
| Total revenue | $144571 | $164823 | $309394 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** | ***Work Truck Attachments*** | ***Work Truck Solutions*** | ***Total Revenue*** |
| Point in time | $141977 | $97796 | $239773 |
| Over time |  | 55784 | 55784 |
| Total revenue | $141977 | $153580 | $295557 |

---

Contract Balances

The following table shows the changes in the Company's contract liabilities during the *three* and *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three Months Ended June 30, 2025** | ***Balance at Beginning of Period*** | ***Additions*** | ***Deductions*** | ***Balance at End of Period*** |
| Contract liabilities | $5674 | $11934 | $(4689) | $12919 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** | ***Balance at Beginning of Period*** | ***Additions*** | ***Deductions*** | ***Balance at End of Period*** |
| Contract liabilities | $6056 | $9746 | $(4238) | $11564 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** | ***Balance at Beginning of Period*** | ***Additions*** | ***Deductions*** | ***Balance at End of Period*** |
| Contract liabilities | $5063 | $15413 | $(7557) | $12919 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** | ***Balance at Beginning of Period*** | ***Additions*** | ***Deductions*** | ***Balance at End of Period*** |
| Contract liabilities | $4009 | $14569 | $(7014) | $11564 |

---

The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Contract assets include amounts related to the contractual right to consideration for completed performance obligations *not* yet invoiced. There were no contract assets as of *June 30, 2025* or *2024*. Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under the contract, variable freight allowances which are refunded to the customer, and rebates paid to distributors under the Company's municipal rebate program, and are realized with the associated revenue recognized under the contract. Contract liabilities related to payments received in advance of performance under the contract are included in Accounts Payable on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company recognized revenue of $1,846 and $1,224 during the *three* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively, which was included in contract liabilities at the beginning of each period. The Company recognized revenue of $2,427 and $2,183 during the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively, which was included in contract liabilities at the beginning of each period.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *8*

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***3.*** **Credit Losses**

The majority of the Company's accounts receivable are due from distributors of truck equipment and dealers of completed upfit trucks. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of a customer's financial condition. A receivable is considered past due if payments have *not* been received within agreed upon invoice terms. Accounts receivable are written off after all collection efforts have been exhausted. The Company takes a security interest in the inventory as collateral for the receivable but often does *not* have a priority security interest. The Company has short-term accounts receivable at its Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions segments subject to evaluation for expected credit losses. Expected credit losses are estimated based on the loss-rate and probability of default methods. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes the allowance for credit losses based on specific customer circumstances, past events including collections and write-off history, current conditions, and reasonable forecasts about the future.

The following table rolls forward the activity related to credit losses for trade accounts receivable at each segment, and on a consolidated basis for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Balance at December 31, 2024*** | ***Additions (reductions) charged to earnings*** | ***Writeoffs*** | ***Changes to reserve, net*** | ***Balance at June 30, 2025*** |
| **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $1768 | $200 | $(8) | $(3) | $1957 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 604 | 115 | (2) | 18 | 735 |
| Total | $2372 | $315 | $(10) | $15 | $2692 |

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---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Balance at December 31, 2023*** | ***Additions (reductions) charged to earnings*** | ***Writeoffs*** | ***Changes to reserve, net*** | ***Balance at June 30, 2024*** |
| **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $1400 | $204 | $- | $(1) | $1603 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 246 | 148 |  | 73 | 467 |
| Total | $1646 | $352 | $- | $72 | $2070 |

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***4.*** **Fair Value**

Fair value is the price at which an asset could be exchanged in a current transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties. A liability's fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, *not* the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. Fair value measurements are categorized into *one* of *three* levels based on the lowest level of significant input used: Level *1* (unadjusted quoted prices in active markets); Level *2* (observable market inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level *1*); and Level *3* (unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data).

The following table presents financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and discloses the fair value of long-term debt:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Fair Value at*** | ***Fair Value at*** |
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***December 31,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Assets: |  |  |
| Non-qualified benefit plan assets (a) | $11362 | $10482 |
| Interest rate swaps (b) | 1337 | 2340 |
| Steel hedging instrument (d) | 76 |  |
| Total Assets | $12775 | $12822 |
| Liabilities: |  |  |
| Long-term debt (c) | $147725 | $147526 |
| Steel hedging instrument (d) |  | 54 |
| Total Liabilities | $147725 | $147580 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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(a) Included in Non-qualified benefit plan assets is the cash surrender value of insurance policies on various individuals that are associated with the Company. The carrying amount of these insurance policies approximates their fair value and is considered a Level *2* input. The Company had outstanding loans of $427 and $546 against these Non-qualified benefit plan assets as of *June 30, 2025* and *December 31, 2024*, respectively, included in Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.

(b) Valuation models are calibrated to initial trade price. Subsequent valuations are based on observable inputs to the valuation model (e.g. interest rates and credit spreads). Model inputs are changed only when corroborated by market data. A credit risk adjustment is made on each swap using observable market credit spreads. Thus, inputs used to determine fair value of the interest rate swap are Level *2* inputs. Interest rate swaps of $1,337 at *June 30, 2025* are included in Prepaid and other current assets. Interest rate swaps of $1,712 and $628 at *December 31, 2024* are included in Prepaid and other current assets and Other long-term assets, respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *9*

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(c) The fair value of the Company's long-term debt, including current maturities, approximates its carrying value. Long-term debt is recorded at carrying amount, net of discount and deferred debt issuance costs, as disclosed on the face of the balance sheet.

(d) Valuation models are calibrated to initial trade price. Subsequent valuations are based on observable inputs to the valuation model (e.g., market prices). Model inputs are changed only when corroborated by market data. Thus, inputs used to determine fair value of the interest rate swap are Level **2* inputs. Steel hedging instruments of positive $76 and negative $54 at *June 30, 2025* and *December 31, 2024*, respectively, are included in Prepaid and other current assets and Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.

***5.*** **Inventories** 

Inventories consist of the following:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***December 31,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Finished goods | $68877 | $67897 |
| Work-in-process | 19183 | 13337 |
| Truck chassis inventory | 21839 | 10146 |
| Raw material and supplies | 43387 | 45654 |
|  | $153286 | $137034 |

---

The inventories in the table above do *not* include truck chassis inventory financed through a floor plan financing agreement, which are recorded separately on the balance sheet. The Company takes title to truck chassis upon receipt of the inventory through its floor plan agreement and performs upfitting service installations to the truck chassis inventory during the installation period. The floor plan obligation is then assumed by the dealer customer upon delivery. At *June 30, 2025* and *December 31, 2024*, the Company had $20,216 and $2,612, respectively, of floor plan chassis inventory and $20,216 and $2,612 of related floor plan financing obligation, respectively. Under the floor plan financing agreement, the Company recognizes revenue associated with upfitting and service installations net of the truck chassis in instances where the Company does *not* purchase the chassis.

***6.*** **Property, plant and equipment**

Property, plant and equipment are summarized as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***December 31,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Land | $162 | $162 |
| Land improvements | 140 | 140 |
| Leasehold improvements | 7641 | 7028 |
| Buildings | 2958 | 2958 |
| Machinery and equipment | 82952 | 82332 |
| Furniture and fixtures | 27805 | 27214 |
| Mobile equipment and other | 5741 | 5601 |
| Construction-in-process | 7678 | 4737 |
| Total property, plant and equipment | 135077 | 130172 |
| Less accumulated depreciation | (93374) | (88861) |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | $41703 | $41311 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

***7.*** **Leases**

The Company has operating leases for manufacturing and upfit facilities, land and parking lots, warehousing space and certain equipment. The leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year to 14 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 20 years. Such renewal options were *not* included in the determination of the lease term unless deemed reasonably certain of exercise. The discount rate used in measuring the lease liabilities is based on the Company's interest rate on the term loan facility under its secured Agreement. Certain of the Company's leases contain escalating rental payments based on an index. The Company's lease agreements do *not* contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *10*

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In *September 2024,* the Company closed on a sale leaseback transaction with an unrelated *third* party. Under this transaction, the Company sold seven properties with a combined net book value of $21,852 for gross proceeds of $64,150, which was reduced by transaction costs of $5,494 for net cash proceeds of approximately $58,656. The properties in the sale leaseback transaction are comprised of three facilities located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and four additional facilities located in each of Huntley, Illinois; Manchester, Iowa; Rockland, Maine; and Madison Heights, Michigan, totaling approximately 780,000 square feet of manufacturing and upfitting space. The lease agreement has an initial term of 15 years, with two optional 10-year renewal options. The Company recognized a gain of $42,298 on this transaction, which is included in Gain on sale leaseback transaction in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income in the year ended *December 31, 2024.* Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities recognized related to this sale leaseback transaction were $51,879 and $51,879, respectively.

*Lease Expense*

The components of lease expense, which are included in Cost of sales and Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, were as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended June 30, 2025*** | ***Six Months Ended June 30, 2025*** | ***Three Months Ended June 30, 2024*** | ***Six Months Ended June 30, 2024*** |
| Operating lease expense | $3274 | $6543 | $1581 | $3177 |
| Short term lease cost | $156 | $279 | $60 | $153 |
| Total lease cost | $3430 | $6822 | $1641 | $3330 |

---

*Cash Flow*

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Six Months Ended June 30, 2025*** | ***Six Months Ended June 30, 2024*** |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $6104 | $3277 |
| Non-cash lease expense - right-of-use assets | $4142 | $2714 |
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations | $397 | $1903 |

---

*Balance Sheet*

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***June 30, 2025*** | ***December 31, 2024*** |
| **Operating Leases** |  |  |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | $66420 | $70801 |
| Other current liabilities | 7268 | 7394 |
| Operating lease liabilities | 60937 | 64785 |
| Total operating lease liabilities | $68205 | $72179 |
| **Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term** |  |  |
| Operating leases (in months) | 149 | 151 |
| **Weighted Average Discount Rate** |  |  |
| Operating leases | 7.10% | 7.05% |

---

*Lease Maturities*

Maturities of leases were as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Year ending December 31,** | ***Operating Leases*** |
| 2025 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2025) | $5972 |
| 2026 | 10759 |
| 2027 | 8891 |
| 2028 | 7800 |
| 2029 | 7103 |
| Thereafter | 63864 |
| **Total Lease Payments** | 104389 |
| Less: imputed interest | (36184) |
| **Total** | $68205 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *11*

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***8.*** **Other Intangible Assets**

The following is a summary of the Company's other intangible assets:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Gross*** | ***Less*** | ***Net*** |
|  | ***Carrying*** | ***Accumulated*** | ***Carrying*** |
|  | ***Amount*** | ***Amortization*** | ***Amount*** |
| June 30, 2025 |  |  |  |
| Indefinite-lived intangibles: |  |  |  |
| Trademark and tradenames | $77600 | $*-* | $77600 |
| Amortizable intangibles: |  |  |  |
| Dealer network | 80000 | 80000 |  |
| Customer relationships | 80920 | 50462 | 30458 |
| Patents | 21136 | 19911 | 1225 |
| Noncompete agreements | 8640 | 8640 |  |
| Trademarks | 5459 | 4292 | 1167 |
| Amortizable intangibles, net | 196155 | 163305 | 32850 |
| Total | $273755 | $163305 | $110450 |

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---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Gross*** | ***Less*** | ***Net*** |
|  | ***Carrying*** | ***Accumulated*** | ***Carrying*** |
|  | ***Amount*** | ***Amortization*** | ***Amount*** |
| December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |
| Indefinite-lived intangibles: |  |  |  |
| Trademark and tradenames | $77600 | $*-* | $77600 |
| Amortizable intangibles: |  |  |  |
| Dealer network | 80000 | 80000 |  |
| Customer relationships | 80920 | 47876 | 33044 |
| Patents | 21136 | 19506 | 1630 |
| Noncompete agreements | 8640 | 8640 |  |
| Trademarks | 5459 | 4183 | 1276 |
| Amortizable intangibles, net | 196155 | 160205 | 35950 |
| Total | $273755 | $160205 | $113550 |

---

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $1,550 and $1,630 for the *three* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $3,100 and $4,260 for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of *2025* and each of the succeeding *five* years is as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 2025 | $2976 |
| 2026 | 5450 |
| 2027 | 5450 |
| 2028 | 5450 |
| 2029 | 5300 |
| 2030 | 4566 |

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***9.*** **Long-Term Debt**

Long-term debt is summarized below:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***December 31,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Term Loan, net of debt discount of $400 and $162 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | $147725 | $147526 |
| Less current maturities | 7416 |  |
| Long-term debt before deferred financing costs | 140309 | 147526 |
| Deferred financing costs, net | 1611 | 847 |
| Long-term debt, net | $138698 | $146679 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *12*

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On *March 26, 2025,* the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement"), which amended and restated the Credit Agreement dated *June 9, 2021 (*as amended by Amendment *No. 1,* dated as of *January 5, 2023,* Amendment *No. 2,* dated as of *July 11, 2023,* and Amendment *No. 3,* dated as of *January 29, 2024,* the "Original Credit Agreement"). The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured term loan to the Term Loan Borrower in the amount of $150,000 and a senior secured revolving credit facility available to the Revolving Loan Borrowers in the amount of $125,000, of which $10,000 will be available in the form of letters of credit and $15,000 will be available for the issuance of short-term swingline loans. The Credit Agreement also allows the Borrowers to request increases to the revolving commitments and/or incremental term loans in an aggregate amount *not* in excess of $175,000, subject to specified terms and conditions. The final maturity date of the Credit Agreement is *March 26, 2030.* The Company applied the proceeds of the senior secured term loan facility under the Credit Agreement to refinance its existing senior secured term loan and revolving credit facilities under the Original Credit Agreement and for the payment of transaction consideration and expenses in connection with the Credit Agreement. The Company is required to pay a fee for unused amounts under the senior secured revolving facility in an amount ranging from 0.150% to 0.300% of the average daily unused portion of the senior secured revolving credit facility, depending on the Company's Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Credit Agreement provides that the senior secured term loan facility will bear interest at (i) the Term SOFR Rate for the applicable interest period plus (ii) a margin ranging from 1.375% to 2.000%, depending on the Company's Leverage Ratio. The Credit Agreement provides that the Company have the option to select whether the senior secured revolving credit facility borrowings will bear interest at either (i)(a) the Term SOFR Rate for the applicable interest period plus (b) a margin ranging from 1.375% to 2.000%, depending on the Company's s Leverage Ratio, or (ii) a margin ranging from 0.375% to 1.000% per annum, depending on the Company's Leverage Ratio, plus the greatest of (which if the following would be less than 1.00%, such rate shall be deemed to be 1.00%) (a) the Prime Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) in effect on such day, (b) the NYFRB Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus 0.50% and (c) the Term SOFR Rate for a *one* month interest period plus 1%. If the Term SOFR Rate for the applicable interest period is less than zero, such rate shall be deemed to be *zero* for purposes of calculating the foregoing interest rates in the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement permits the Company to take out loans of up to $1,000 against its corporate-owned life insurance policies as included in Non-qualified benefit plan assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had outstanding loans of $427 and $546 against its corporate-owned life insurance policies as of *June 30, 2025* and *December 31, 2024*, respectively, included in Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Credit Agreement was issued at a $312 discount which is being amortized over the term of the term loan. Additionally, deferred financing costs of $863 and revolver upfront fees of $260 are being amortized over the term of the loan. A portion of the Company's entrance into the Credit Agreement and subsequent settlement of its prior credit agreements is accounted for as an extinguishment of the Company's prior debt, which resulted in the write off of unamortized capitalized deferred financing costs of $131 as well as the write off of unamortized debt discount of $25, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $156 in the Condensed Consolidated Statement Operations and Comprehensive Income for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025*. A portion of the Company's entrance into the Credit Agreement and subsequent settlement of its prior credit agreements is accounted for as a modification of the Company's prior debt. The Company recorded debt modification expense of $176 related to *third* party fees in the Condensed Consolidated Statement Operations and Comprehensive Income for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025*.

At *June 30, 2025*, the Company had outstanding borrowings under its term loan of $147,725, $42,000 in outstanding borrowings on its revolving credit facility, and remaining borrowing availability of $82,450. At *December 31, 2024*, the Company had outstanding borrowings under its term loan of $147,526, $0 in outstanding borrowings on its revolving credit facility, and remaining borrowing availability of $149,450. During the year ended *December 31, 2024,* the Company made a pre-payment of $42,000 of debt amortization principal payments under its Original Credit Agreement using a portion of the proceeds from the sale leaseback transaction, as described in Note *7.*

The Credit Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and negative and affirmative covenants, as well as customary events of default and certain cross default provisions that could result in acceleration of the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires the Company to have a Leverage Ratio of *not* more than 3.50 to *1.00* as of the last day of any fiscal quarter commencing with the fiscal quarter ended *March 31, 2025.* As of *June 30, 2025*, the Company was in compliance with the respective covenants under the Credit Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

On *June 13, 2019,* the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to reduce its exposure to interest rate volatility. The interest rate swap has a notional amount of $175,000 effective for the period *May 31, 2019* through *May 31, 2024.* The Company *may* have counterparty credit risk resulting from the interest rate swap, which it monitors on an on-going basis. The risk lies with one global financial institution. Under the interest rate swap agreement, the Company will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 2.424% and SOFR. The interest rate swap was previously accounted for as a cash flow hedge. During the *first* quarter of *2020,* the swap was determined to be ineffective. As a result, the swap was dedesignated on *March 19, 2020,* and the remaining losses included in Accumulated other comprehensive income on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets would be amortized into interest expense on a straight-line basis through the life of the swap. The amount amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings during the *three* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024* was $0 and ($194), respectively. The amount amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings during the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024* was $0 and ($485), respectively. A mark-to-market adjustment of $0 and $79 was recorded as Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the *three* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively, related to the swap. A mark-to-market adjustment of $0 and $198 was recorded as Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively, related to the swap.

On *June 9, 2021,* in conjunction with entering into the Original Credit Agreement described above, the Company re-designated its swap. As a result, the swap will be recorded at fair value with changes recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The amortization from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings from the previous dedesignation has been adjusted as of *June 9, 2021* to include the de-recognition of previously recognized mark-to-market gains and the amortization of the off-market component as of the re-designation date, and will continue to be recognized through the life of the swap. As of *June 30, 2025*, the amount in Accumulated other comprehensive income has been fully amortized into earnings.

On *May 19, 2022,* the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to further reduce its exposure to interest rate volatility. The interest rate swap has a notional amount of $125,000 effective for the period *May 31, 2024* through *June 9, 2026.* The Company *may* have counterparty credit risk resulting from the interest rate swap, which it monitors on an on-going basis. The risk lies with *two* global financial institutions. Under the interest rate swap agreement, the Company will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 2.718% and SOFR. The interest rate swap is accounted for as a cash flow hedge.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *13*

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The interest rate swaps' positive fair value at *June 30, 2025* was $1,337, and is included in Prepaid and other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The interest rate swaps' positive fair value at *December 31, 2024* was $2,340, of which $1,712 and $628 are included in Prepaid and other current assets and Other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively.

On *December 17, 2024,* the Company entered into a steel hedging agreement to reduce its exposure to commodity price swings. The steel hedging instrument has a notional quantity of 3,000 short tons and is effective for the period *August 1, 2025* through *December 31, 2025,* which the Company expects to be slightly less than half of its exposure during the effective period. Under the steel hedge agreement, the Company will make fixed payments of $819 per short ton for the Steel Hot Rolled Coil (HRC) commodity. The steel hedging instrument is accounted for as a cash flow hedge. The steel hedging instrument's fair value at *June 30, 2025* and *December 31, 2024* was positive $76 and negative $54, respectively, which is included in Prepaid and other current assets and Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.

On *January 20, 2025,* the Company entered into a floor plan line of credit for up to $20,000 with a financial institution that expires on *January 31, 2026.* Under the floor plan agreement, the Company receives truck chassis and title for upfitting service installations. Upon upfit completion, the title transfers from the Company to the customer. The note bears interest at prime, less 0.50%.

***10.*** **Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities**

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are summarized as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***December 31,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Payroll and related costs | $9555 | $9876 |
| Employee benefits | 7132 | 6391 |
| Accrued warranty | 3735 | 3379 |
| Other | 10604 | 6536 |
|  | $31026 | $26182 |

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***11.*** **Warranty Liability**

The warranty reserve was $5,699 at *June 30, 2025*, of which $1,964 is included in Other long-term liabilities and $3,735 is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The warranty reserve was $5,559 at *December 31, 2024*, of which $2,180 is included in Other long-term liabilities and $3,379 is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following is a rollforward of the Company's warranty liability:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Six Months Ended*** | ***Six Months Ended*** |
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Balance at the beginning of the period | $5129 | $6223 | $5559 | $6957 |
| Warranty provision | 1003 | 1003 | 2083 | 1672 |
| Claims paid/settlements | (433) | (545) | (1943) | (1948) |
| Balance at the end of the period | $5699 | $6681 | $5699 | $6681 |

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***12.*** **Earnings per Share**

The amounts used in computing earnings per share and the weighted average common shares outstanding are as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Six Months Ended*** | ***Six Months Ended*** |
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| ***Basic earnings per common share*** |  |  |  |  |
| Net income | $25954 | $24338 | $26102 | $15986 |
| Less: Distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested shares | 592 | 639 | 599 | 398 |
| Net income allocated to common shareholders | $25362 | $23699 | $25503 | $15588 |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding | 23131151 | 23094047 | 23126379 | 23051708 |
|  | $1.10 | $1.03 | $1.10 | $0.68 |
| ***Diluted earnings per common share*** |  |  |  |  |
| Net income allocated to common shareholders - basic | $25362 | $23699 | $25503 | $15588 |
| Add: Undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested shareholders | 436 |  | 278 |  |
| Net income allocated to common shareholders - diluted | $25798 | $23699 | $25781 | $15588 |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic | 23131151 | 23094047 | 23126379 | 23051708 |
| Dilutive effect of participating securities | 542878 |  | 542112 |  |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted | 23674029 | 23094047 | 23668491 | 23051708 |
|  | $1.09 | $1.02 | $1.09 | $0.66 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *14*

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***13.*** **Employee Stock Plans**

Equity compensation awards *may* be granted to certain eligible employees or non-employee directors. A detailed description of the Company's employee stock plans is included in the Company's *2024* Annual Report on Form *10*-K.

The Company incurred $530 and $2,143 in the *three* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively, in additional expense for employees who meet the thresholds of the stock plan's retirement provision. The Company incurred $688 and $2,457 in the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively, in additional expense for employees who meet the thresholds of the stock plan's retirement provision.

The Company recognized $224 and ($323) of compensation expense related to performance share unit awards in the *three* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively. The Company recognized $785 and ($1,392) of compensation expense related to the performance share unit awards in the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense calculated under the fair value method for performance share units that were, as of *June 30, 2025*, expected to be earned through the requisite service period was approximately $1,070 and is expected to be recognized through *2028*. For the *first* tranche of the *2025* performance share grants, a Monte Carlo simulation has been used to account for the Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") market condition in the grant date fair value of the award, which was $29.13 or $29.39 per share, depending on the grant date. For the *second* tranche of the *2024* performance share grants, a Monte Carlo simulation has been used to account for the TSR market condition in the grant date fair value of the award, which was $26.16 per share.

A summary of restricted stock unit activity for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* is as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | ***Weighted*** |
|  |  | ***Weighted*** | ***Average*** |
|  |  | ***Average*** | ***Remaining*** |
|  |  | ***Grant Date*** | ***Contractual*** |
|  | ***Shares*** | ***Fair value*** | ***Term (in years)*** |
| Unvested at December 31, 2024 | 374338 | $28.02 | 1.74 |
| Granted | 180845 | $27.27 | 2.03 |
| Vested | (185119) | $29.46 | *-* |
| Cancelled and forfeited | (5206) | $27.00 | *-* |
| Unvested at June 30, 2025 | 364858 | $26.94 | 1.86 |
| **Expected to vest in the future at June 30, 2025** | 354368 | $26.94 | 1.86 |

---

The Company recognized $1,330 and $2,801 of compensation expense related to the restricted stock unit awards in the *three* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively. The Company recognized $2,919 and $4,225 of compensation expense related to the restricted stock unit awards in the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense calculated under the fair value method for restricted shares that were, as of *June 30, 2025*, expected to be earned through the requisite service period was approximately $5,681 and is expected to be recognized through *2028*.

***14.*** **Commitments and Contingencies**

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is engaged in various litigation including product liability and intellectual property disputes. However, the Company does *not* believe that any pending litigation will have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position. In addition, the Company is *not* currently a party to any environmental-related claims or legal matters.

***15.*** **Segments**

The Company operates through two operating segments for which separate financial information is available, and for which operating results are evaluated regularly by the Company's chief operating decision maker in determining resource allocation and assessing performance.

The Company's chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer. The chief operating decision maker assesses performance for the Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions segments and decides how to allocate resources based on Adjusted EBITDA. The chief operating decision maker uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate profit generated by the segments in deciding where to reinvest profits, whether it be within the segments or for other purposes such as paying dividends, repurchasing stock, or other general corporate uses. The chief operating decision maker also uses segment Adjusted EBITDA as a metric in benchmarking performance against competitors, as well as in evaluating the compensation of certain employees.

The Company's *two* reportable business segments are as follows:

***Work Truck Attachments.*** The Work Truck Attachments segment includes commercial snow and ice management attachments sold under the FISHER®, WESTERN® and SNOWEX® brands, as well as our vertically integrated products. This segment consists of our operations that manufacture and sell snow and ice control products.

***Work Truck Solutions.*** The Work Truck Solutions segment includes manufactured municipal snow and ice control products under the HENDERSON® brand and the up-fit of market leading attachments and storage solutions under the HENDERSON® brand, and the DEJANA® brand and its related sub-brands.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *15*

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Segment performance is evaluated based on segment net sales and Adjusted EBITDA. Separate financial information is available for the two operating segments. In addition, segment results include an allocation of all corporate costs to Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions. *No* single customer's revenues amounted to *10%* or more of the Company's total revenue. Sales are primarily within the United States and substantially all assets are located within the United States.

Sales between Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions reflect the Company's intercompany pricing policy. The following table shows summarized financial information concerning the Company's reportable segments:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Six Months Ended*** | ***Six Months Ended*** |
|  | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** | ***June 30,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| **Net sales** |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $108114 | $118137 | $144571 | $141977 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 86213 | 81765 | 164823 | 153580 |
|  | $194327 | $199902 | $309394 | $295557 |
| **Selling, general and administrative expense** |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $11412 | $13529 | $23842 | $25191 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 10339 | 9841 | 21296 | 19667 |
|  | $21751 | $23370 | $45138 | $44858 |
| **Other segment items (1)** |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $65132 | $68816 | $88832 | $85462 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 64827 | 64021 | 123376 | 120008 |
|  | $129959 | $132837 | $212208 | $205470 |
| **Adjusted EBITDA** |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $31570 | $35792 | $31897 | $31324 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 11047 | 7903 | 20151 | 13905 |
|  | $42617 | $43695 | $52048 | $45229 |
| **Depreciation and amortization expense** |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $1919 | $2363 | $3869 | $5710 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 1907 | 2044 | 3780 | 4042 |
|  | $3826 | $4407 | $7649 | $9752 |
| **Assets** |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $409235 | $413752 |  |  |
| Work Truck Solutions | 262236 | 203215 |  |  |
|  | $671471 | $616967 |  |  |
| **Capital Expenditures** |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $2121 | $459 | $3216 | $1134 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 1064 | 1212 | 1722 | 1311 |
|  | $3185 | $1671 | $4938 | $2445 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Adjusted EBITDA** |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $31570 | $35792 | $31897 | $31324 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 11047 | 7903 | 20151 | 13905 |
| **Total Adjusted EBITDA** | $42617 | $43695 | $52048 | $45229 |
| Less items to reconcile Adjusted EBITDA to income before taxes: |  |  |  |  |
| Interest expense - net | 2973 | 4123 | 5357 | 7647 |
| Depreciation expense | 2276 | 2777 | 4549 | 5492 |
| Amortization | 1550 | 1630 | 3100 | 4260 |
| Stock based compensation | 1554 | 2478 | 3704 | 2833 |
| Impairment charges (2) |  |  |  | 1224 |
| Debt modification expense |  |  | 176 |  |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 156 |  |
| Other charges (3) | 119 | 560 | 371 | 1589 |
| Income before taxes | $34145 | $32127 | $34635 | $22184 |

---

(*1*) Includes cost of sales, other (income) expense, and the addback of depreciation expense, stock based compensation, impairment charges, and unrelated legal, severance, restructuring, and consulting fees, and write downs of property, plant and equipment for the periods presented.

(*2*) Reflects impairment charges taken on certain internally developed software in the *six* months ended *June 30, 2024*.

(*3*) Reflects unrelated legal, severance, restructuring and consulting fees, and write downs of property, plant and equipment for the periods presented.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *16*

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***16.*** **Income Taxes**

The Company's effective tax rate was 24.0% and 24.2% for the *three* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate was 24.6% and 27.9% for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively. The effective tax rate for the *three* and *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* was lower than the same periods in *2024* due to the establishment of reserves for uncertain tax positions of $888 in the prior year.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The largest item affecting deferred taxes is the difference between book and tax amortization of goodwill and other intangibles amortization.

***17.*** **Restructuring and Impairment**

In *January 2024,* the Company implemented the *2024* Cost Savings Program, primarily in the form of restructuring charges for headcount reductions in both the Work Truck Attachments segment and corporate functions. For the *three* and *six* months ended *June 30, 2024*, $545 and $1,402 in pre-tax restructuring charges were recorded, respectively, related to workforce reduction costs and other related expenses and are included in Cost of sales and Selling, general, and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The Company's restructuring expenses comprise of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended June 30,** | **Six Months Ended June 30,** |
|  | **2024** | **2024** |
| Severance and employee costs | $- | $857 |
| Write down of property, plant and equipment | 333 | 333 |
| Legal, consulting and other costs | 212 | 212 |
| Total | $545 | $1402 |

---

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's accrued restructuring balance, which are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Such costs were substantially all paid as of *June 30, 2024.* 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $- |
| Restructuring charges | 1069 |
| Payments | (1069) |
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | $- |

---

In conjunction with the *2024* Cost Savings Program, impairment charges of $1,224 were recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2024* related to certain internally developed software at the Company's Work Truck Attachments segment representing the full capitalized value of the software. In addition, management evaluated its assets outside of the internally developed software described above and determined that there were *no* indicators of impairment.

***18.*** **Recent Accounting Pronouncements**

In *November 2024,* the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") *2024*-*03,* "Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses," which requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after *December 15, 2026.* The Company is in the process of evaluating the standard's updated disclosure requirements.

In *December 2023,* the FASB issued ASU *2023*-*09,* "Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures," which enhances disclosure around income taxes. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after *December 15, 2024.* The Company is in the process of evaluating the standard's updated disclosure requirements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *17*

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***19.*** **Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by Component**

Changes to accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Unrealized*** | ***Unrealized*** |  |  |
|  | ***Net Gain (Loss)*** | ***Net Gain (Loss)*** | ***Retiree*** |  |
|  | ***on Interest*** | ***on Steel*** | ***Health*** |  |
|  | ***Rate*** | ***Hedging*** | ***Benefit*** |  |
|  | ***Swap*** | ***Swap*** | ***Obligation*** | ***Total*** |
| Balance at December 31, 2024 | $1836 | $(40) | $3676 | $5472 |
| Other comprehensive gain (loss) before reclassifications | (1491) | 96 |  | (1395) |
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income: (1) | 749 |  | (24) | 725 |
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | $1094 | $56 | $3652 | $4802 |
| (1) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |
| Amortization of Other Postretirement Benefit items: |  |  |  |  |
| Actuarial gains | $(32) |  |  |  |
| Tax expense | 8 |  |  |  |
| Reclassification net of tax | $(24) |  |  |  |
| Realized gains on interest rate swaps reclassified to interest expense | $(1012) |  |  |  |
| Tax expense | 263 |  |  |  |
| Reclassification net of tax | $(749) |  |  |  |

---

Changes to accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2024*, are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Unrealized*** |  |  |
|  | ***Net Gain (Loss)*** | ***Retiree*** |  |
|  | ***on Interest*** | ***Health*** |  |
|  | ***Rate*** | ***Benefit*** |  |
|  | ***Swap*** | ***Obligation*** | ***Total*** |
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $3331 | $3025 | $6356 |
| Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications | 1764 |  | 1764 |
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): (1) | (1799) | (80) | (1879) |
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | $3296 | $2945 | $6241 |
| (1) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |
| Amortization of Other Postretirement Benefit items: |  |  |  |
| Actuarial gains | $(108) |  |  |
| Tax expense | 28 |  |  |
| Reclassification net of tax | $(80) |  |  |
| Realized gains on interest rate swaps reclassified to interest expense | $(2431) |  |  |
| Tax expense | 632 |  |  |
| Reclassification net of tax | $(1799) |  |  |

---

***20.*** **Stockholders' Equity**

On *February 16, 2022,* the Company's Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $50,000 in shares of common stock at market value (the *"2022* repurchase plan"). This authorization does *not* have an expiration date. Repurchases under the program *may* be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, with the amount and timing of repurchases depending on market conditions and corporate needs. The Company *may* also, from time to time, enter into Rule *10b5*-*1* trading plans to facilitate repurchases of its shares under this authorization. This program does *not* obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of shares and the program *may* be extended, modified, suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company's discretion. Shares repurchased under the *2022* repurchase plan are retired. The Company repurchased approximately $6,000 in shares during the *three* and *six* months ended *June 30, 2025*. As of *June 30, 2025*, the Company had $38,000 remaining under authorization to purchase.

***21.*** **Subsequent Events**

Subsequent to the end of the *second* quarter of *2025,* on *July 4, 2025,* a budget reconciliation bill, also known as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"), was signed into law. OBBBA amends U.S. tax law including provisions related to bonus depreciation, research and development and foreign derived intangible income. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impacts of OBBBA on its condensed consolidated financial statements, but does *not* currently expect its provisions to have a material impact on the Company's effective tax rate for *2025.*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *18*

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**Item 2. *Management***'***s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations***

*The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes which are included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the information contained in our Form 10-K (Commission File No. 001-34728) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Amounts presented are in thousands, unless otherwise stated.*

*In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context indicates otherwise:* "*Douglas Dynamics,*" *the* "*Company,*" "*we,*" "*our,*" *or* "*us*" *refer to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.*

**Forward-Looking Statements**

*This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain* "*forward-looking statements*" *within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the* "*Exchange Act*"*). These statements include information relating to future events, product demand, the payment of dividends, future financial performance, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation and availability of financial resources. These statements are often identified by use of words such as* "*anticipate,*" "*believe,*" "*intend,*" "*estimate,*" "*expect,*" "*continue,*" "*should,*" "*could,*" "*may,*" "*plan,*" "*project,*" "*predict,*" "*will*" *and similar expressions and include references to assumptions and relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to: (i) weather conditions, particularly lack of or reduced levels of snowfall and the timing of such snowfall, including as a result of global climate change; (ii) our ability to manage general economic, business and geopolitical conditions, including the impacts of natural disasters, labor strikes, global political instability, adverse developments affecting the banking and financial services industries, pandemics and outbreaks of contagious diseases and other adverse public health developments; (iii) increases in the price of steel or other materials, including as a result of tariffs or inflationary conditions, necessary for the production of our products that cannot be passed on to our distributors; (iv) our inability to maintain good relationships with the original equipment manufacturers (*"*OEM*"*) with whom we currently do significant business; (v) the inability of our suppliers and OEM partners to meet our volume or quality requirements; (vi) increases in the price of fuel or freight, (vii) the effects of laws and regulations and their interpretations on our business and financial condition, including policy or regulatory changes related to climate change; (viii) a significant decline in economic conditions; (ix) our inability to maintain good relationships with our distributors; (x) lack of available or favorable financing options for our end-users, distributors or customers; (xi) inaccuracies in our estimates of future demand for our products; (xii) our inability to protect or continue to build our intellectual property portfolio; (xiii) our inability to develop new products or improve upon existing products in response to end-user needs; (xiv) losses due to lawsuits arising out of personal injuries associated with our products; (xv) factors that could impact the future declaration and payment of dividends or our ability to execute repurchases under our stock repurchase program; (xvi) our inability to effectively manage the use of artificial intelligence; (xvii) our inability to compete effectively against competition; (xviii) our inability to successfully implement our new enterprise resource planning system at Dejana, as well as those discussed in the sections entitled* "*Risk Factors*" *in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, if any, or in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.* **** *Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. In addition, the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation, except as required by law, to update or release any revisions to any forward-looking statement, even if new information becomes available in the future.*

**Results of Operations**

The Company's two reportable business segments are as follows:

***Work Truck Attachments.*** The Work Truck Attachments segment includes commercial snow and ice management attachments sold under the FISHER®, WESTERN® and SNOWEX® brands, as well as our vertically integrated products. This segment consists of our operations that manufacture and sell snow and ice control products. As described under "Seasonality and Year-To-Year Variability," the Work Truck Attachments Segment is seasonal and, as a result, its results of operations can vary from quarter-to-quarter and from year-to-year.

***Work Truck Solutions.*** The Work Truck Solutions segment includes manufactured municipal snow and ice control products under the HENDERSON® brand and the up-fit of market leading attachments and storage solutions under the HENDERSON® brand, and the DEJANA® brand and its related sub-brands.

In addition, segment results include an allocation of all corporate costs to Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions.

*Business Update*

As a result of recent market volatility, enacted or potential tariffs, supply chain disruptions, labor strikes, labor shortages, inflationary pressures (including around materials, freight, labor and benefits) and other economic trends, our results of operations may be significantly impacted in future quarters. While Douglas Dynamics is primarily a domestic manufacturer and upfitter and most of our revenue is from domestic customers, we do rely on a global supply chain to source our parts and materials. We source certain materials from China and other countries where tariffs have been enacted or proposed. We may see increased materials costs as a result of these existing or future tariffs, and we may be unable to effectively offset these tariffs with price increases, which could negatively impact our profitability in future quarters. We may have challenges in short-term liquidity that could impact our ability to fund working capital needs. We have taken various steps to preserve liquidity. In January 2024, we implemented the 2024 Cost Savings Program, which was primarily in the form of restructuring charges for salaried headcount reductions and impacted both the Work Truck Attachments segment and corporate functions. We also reduce discretionary spending where possible and defer payments where appropriate within existing contractual terms, while remaining committed to long term growth projects. As discussed in Note 7 and Note 9 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, in the year ended December 31, 2024, we executed a sale leaseback transaction for gross proceeds of $64.2 million, and, using a portion of the proceeds, we paid down $42.0 million on our term loan. In consideration of these recent macroeconomic trends and the various actions that we have taken to preserve our liquidity, we expect that cash on hand and cash we generate from operations, as well as available credit under our senior credit facilities, will provide adequate funds for the foreseeable future.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 19

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*Overview*

The following table sets forth, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the consolidated statements of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the table below and throughout this "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," consolidated statements of operations data for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements. The information contained in the table below should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** |
| Net sales | $194327 | $199902 | $309394 | $295557 |
| Cost of sales | 134031 | 138599 | 220959 | 215334 |
| Gross profit | 60296 | 61303 | 88435 | 80223 |
| Selling, general, and administrative expense | 21751 | 23370 | 45138 | 44858 |
| Impairment charges |  |  |  | 1224 |
| Intangibles amortization | 1550 | 1630 | 3100 | 4260 |
| Income from operations | 36995 | 36303 | 40197 | 29881 |
| Interest expense, net | (2973) | (4123) | (5357) | (7647) |
| Debt modification expense |  |  | (176) |  |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | (156) |  |
| Other income (expense), net | 123 | (53) | 127 | (50) |
| Income before taxes | 34145 | 32127 | 34635 | 22184 |
| Income tax expense | 8191 | 7789 | 8533 | 6198 |
| Net income | $25954 | $24338 | $26102 | $15986 |

---

The following table sets forth for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 the percentage of certain items in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, relative to net sales:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** | **(unaudited)** |
| Net sales | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Cost of sales | 69.0% | 69.3% | 71.4% | 72.9% |
| Gross profit | 31.0% | 30.7% | 28.6% | 27.1% |
| Selling, general, and administrative expense | 11.2% | 11.7% | 14.6% | 15.2% |
| Impairment charges | -% | -% | -% | 0.4% |
| Intangibles amortization | 0.8% | 0.8% | 1.0% | 1.4% |
| Income from operations | 19.0% | 18.2% | 13.0% | 10.1% |
| Interest expense, net | (1.5)% | (2.1)% | (1.7)% | (2.6)% |
| Debt modification expense | -% | -% | (0.1)% | -% |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | -% | -% | (0.1)% | -% |
| Other income (expense), net | 0.1% | -% | 0.0% | -% |
| Income before taxes | 17.6% | 16.1% | 11.1% | 7.5% |
| Income tax expense | 4.2% | 3.9% | 2.7% | 2.1% |
| Net income | 13.4% | 12.2% | 8.4% | 5.4% |

---

*Net Sales*

Net sales were $194.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $199.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $5.6 million, or 2.8%. Net sales were $309.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $295.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $13.8 million, or 4.7%. The decrease in sales for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 is a result of lower volumes related to the timing of preseason shipments in our Attachments business between the second and third quarters, somewhat offset by price increase realization and strong municipal volumes at Solutions. The increase in sales for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 is a result of improved snowfall in our core markets leading to higher Attachments volumes in the first quarter of 2025, as well as price increase realization and strong municipal volumes at Solutions. See below for a discussion of net sales for each of our segments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 20

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Net sales** |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $108114 | $118137 | $144571 | $141977 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 86213 | 81765 | 164823 | 153580 |
|  | $194327 | $199902 | $309394 | $295557 |

---

Net sales at our Work Truck Attachments segment were $108.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $118.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $10.0 million. Net sales at our Work Truck Attachments segment were $144.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $142.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $2.6 million. The decrease in sales in the three months ended June 30, 2025 was due to lower volumes related to the timing of preseason shipments between the second and third quarters. The increase in sales in the six months ended June 30, 2025 is related to improved snowfall in our core markets leading to higher volumes in the first quarter of 2025. The most recent snow season ended March 2025 was 12% below the 10-year average, but was approximately 30% better than the prior snow season, which saw snowfall 39.0% below the 10-year average.

Net sales at our Work Truck Solutions segment were $86.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $81.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $4.4 million. Net sales at our Work Truck Solutions segment were $164.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $153.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $11.2 million. The increase in sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 was a result of price increase realization and improved municipal volumes, somewhat offset by lower commercial volumes.

*Cost of Sales* 

Cost of sales was $134.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $138.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $4.6 million or 3.3%. Cost of sales was $221.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $215.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $5.7 million or 2.6%. The decrease in cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in the prior year was driven by the lower volumes. The increase in cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the same period in the prior year was driven by the higher volumes. Cost of sales as a percentage of sales were 69.0% and 71.4% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, compared to 69.3% and 72.9% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. The decrease in cost of sales as a percentage of sales in the three months ended June 30, 2025 is related to efficiencies and product mix. The decrease in cost of sales as a percentage of sales in the six months ended June 30, 2025 is related to the higher volumes, efficiencies and product mix.

*Gross Profit*

Gross profit was $60.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $61.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $1.0 million, or 1.6%. Gross profit was $88.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $80.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $8.2 million, or 10.2%. The change in gross profit is attributable to the changes in sales as discussed above under "—Net Sales." As a percentage of net sales, gross profit increased from 30.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 to 31.0% for the corresponding period in 2025. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit increased from 27.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 28.6% for the corresponding period in 2025. The reasons for the changes in gross profit as a percentage of net sales are the same as those relating to the changes in cost of sales as a percentage of sales discussed above under "—Cost of Sales."

*Selling, General and Administrative Expense*

Selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangibles amortization, were $23.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $25.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $1.7 million, or 6.8%. Selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangibles amortization, were $48.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $49.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $0.9 million, or 1.8%. The decrease in the three months ended June 30, 2025 is related to lower stock-based compensation expense of $0.9 million and lower employee benefits costs of $0.8 million. The decrease in the six months ended June 30, 2025 is related to lower intangibles amortization of $1.2 million related to an asset becoming fully amortized when compared to the prior year and lower employee benefits costs of $0.9 million, somewhat offset by higher stock-based compensation expense of $0.9 million and higher incentive-based compensation of $0.5 million.

*Impairment Charges*

Impairment charges were $1.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The impairment charges in 2024 relate to certain internally developed software at our Work Truck Attachments segment and represent the full capitalized value of the software.

*Debt Modification Expense*

Debt modification expense was $0.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025. The debt modification expense in 2025 related to fees incurred in conjunction with the Company's March 26, 2025 refinancing of its term loan and revolving credit facilities by virtue of entering into the Credit Agreement.

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*Loss on Extinguishment of Debt*

Loss on extinguishment of debt was $0.2 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025. The loss on extinguishment of debt in 2025 related to fees incurred in conjunction with the Company's March 26, 2025 refinancing of its term loan and revolving credit facilities by virtue of entering into the Credit Agreement.

*Interest Expense*

Interest expense was $3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease compared to the $4.1 million incurred in the same period in the prior year. Interest expense was $5.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, a decrease compared to the $7.6 million incurred in the same period in the prior year. The decrease in interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was due to lower interest on our revolver of $0.7 million due to having lower revolver borrowings during the quarter compared to the prior year, as well as lower interest on our term loan of $0.7 million, somewhat offset by higher floor plan interest of $0.4 million. The decrease in interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was due to lower interest on our revolver of $1.4 million due to having lower revolver borrowings compared to the prior year, as well as lower interest on our term loan of $1.2 million, somewhat offset by higher floor plan interest of $0.4 million.

*Income Taxes*

The Company's effective tax rate was 24.0% and 24.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate was 24.6% and 27.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was lower than the same periods in 2024 due to the establishment of reserves for uncertain tax positions of $0.9 million in the prior year.

*Net Income*

Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was $26.0 million, compared to $24.3 million for the corresponding period in 2024, an increase of $1.7 million. Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $26.1 million, compared to $16.0 million for the corresponding period in 2024, an increase of $10.1 million. The change in net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was driven by the factors described above under "— Net Sales," "— Cost of Sales," "— Selling, General and Administrative Expense," "— Impairment Charges," "— Debt Modification Expense," "— Loss on Extinguishment of Debt," "—Interest Expense," and "— Income Taxes." As a percentage of net sales, net income was 13.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 12.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2024. As a percentage of net sales, net income was 8.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 5.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

**Discussion of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates previously disclosed in our Form 10-K (Commission File No. 001-34728) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates."

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

Our principal sources of cash have been, and we expect will continue to be, cash from operations and borrowings under our senior credit facilities.

Our primary uses of cash are to provide working capital, meet debt service requirements, finance capital expenditures, pay dividends under our dividend policy and support our growth, including through potential acquisitions, and for other general corporate purposes. For a description of the seasonality of our working capital rates see "—Seasonality and Year-To-Year Variability."

Our Board of Directors has adopted a dividend policy that reflects an intention to distribute to our stockholders a regular quarterly cash dividend. The declaration and payment of these dividends to holders of our common stock is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends upon many factors, including our financial condition and earnings, legal requirements, taxes and other factors our Board of Directors may deem to be relevant. The terms of our indebtedness may also restrict us from paying cash dividends on our common stock under certain circumstances. As a result of this dividend policy, we may not have significant cash available to meet any large unanticipated liquidity requirements. As a result, we may not retain a sufficient amount of cash to fund our operations or to finance unanticipated capital expenditures or growth opportunities, including acquisitions. Our Board of Directors may, however, amend, revoke or suspend our dividend policy at any time and for any reason.

On February 16, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $50.0 million in shares of common stock at market value**.** This authorization does not have an expiration date. Repurchases under the program may be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, with the amount and timing of repurchases depending on market conditions and corporate needs. We may also, from time to time, enter into Rule 10b5-1 trading plans to facilitate repurchases of our shares under this authorization. This program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of shares and the program may be extended, modified, suspended or discontinued at any time at our discretion. We repurchased approximately $6.0 million in shares during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

As of June 30, 2025, we had $90.5 million of total liquidity, comprised of $8.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and $82.5 million of borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility, compared with total liquidity as of December 31, 2024 of approximately $154.6 million, comprised of approximately $5.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and borrowing availability of approximately $149.5 million under our revolving credit facility. The change in our total liquidity from December 31, 2024 is primarily due to the seasonality of our business. In addition, as discussed in Note 7 and Note 9 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, in September 2024 we executed a sale leaseback transaction for gross proceeds of $64.2 million, and using a portion of the proceeds we paid down $42.0 million on our term loan. We have taken various steps to preserve liquidity. In January 2024, we implemented the 2024 Cost Savings Program, which was primarily in the form of restructuring charges for salaried headcount reductions and impacted both the Work Truck Attachments segment and corporate functions. We are also continuing to reduce discretionary spending where possible and deferring payments where appropriate within existing contractual terms, while remaining committed to long term growth projects. We expect that cash on hand and cash we generate from operations, as well as available credit under our senior credit facilities, will provide adequate funds for the primary uses of cash we describe above for the foreseeable future. From time to time, we may seek additional funding through the issuance of debt or equity securities to provide additional liquidity to fund acquisitions aligned with our strategic priorities and for other general corporate purposes.

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The following table shows our cash and cash equivalents, net accounts receivable and inventories at June 30, 2025, December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of** | **As of** | **As of** |
|  | **June 30,** | **December 31,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $7980 | $5119 | $4196 |
| Accounts receivable, net | 141167 | 87407 | 140198 |
| Inventories | 153286 | 137034 | 139419 |

---

We had cash and cash equivalents of $8.0 million at June 30, 2025 compared to cash and cash equivalents of $5.1 million and $4.2 million at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The table below sets forth a summary of the significant sources and uses of cash for the periods presented.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |  |  |
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |  | **%** |
| **Cash Flows** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** |
| Net cash used in operating activities | $(12721) | $(19114) | $6393 | (33.4)% |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (5126) | (2751) | (2375) | 86.3% |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 20708 | 1905 | 18803 | 987.0% |
| Change in cash | $2861 | $(19960) | $22821 | (114.3)% |

---

Net cash used in operating activities decreased $6.4 million from the six months ended June 30, 2024 to the six months ended June 30, 2025. The decrease in cash used in operating activities was due to a $9.7 million increase in net income adjusted for reconciling items, somewhat offset by unfavorable changes in working capital and operating assets and liabilities of $3.3 million. The largest unfavorable change in working capital and operating assets and liabilities was an increase in cash used in inventory related to the procurement of truck chassis inventory at our Solutions segment, somewhat offset by a decrease in cash used in accounts payable related to the timing of supplier payments.

Net cash used in investing activities increased $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the corresponding period in 2024 due to a higher level of capital expenditures.

Net cash provided financing activities increased $18.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the corresponding period in 2024. The increase in cash provided was related to having $42.0 million in revolver borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2025 and $0.0 million in revolver borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2024, compared to $63.0 million in revolver borrowings outstanding at June 30, 2024 and $47.0 million in revolver borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2023. This increase in cash provided was somewhat offset by there being $6.0 million in share repurchases in the six months ended June 30, 2025, with no repurchases in the corresponding period in the prior year.

*Free Cash Flow*

Free cash flow for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was ($14.3) million compared to $1.1 million in the corresponding period in 2024, a decrease of $15.4 million. Free cash flow for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was ($17.8) million compared to ($21.9) million in the corresponding period in 2024, an increase of $4.1 million. The increase in free cash flow for the six months ended June 30, 2025 is primarily a result of lower cash used in operating activities of $6.4 million as discussed above under "Liquidity and Capital Resources." &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

*Non-GAAP Financial Measures*

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains financial information calculated other than in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP").

These non-GAAP measures include:

● Free cash flow; and

● Adjusted EBITDA; and

● Adjusted net income and earnings per share.

These non-GAAP disclosures should not be construed as an alternative to the reported results determined in accordance with GAAP.

Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure which we define as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capital expenditures. Free cash flow should be evaluated in addition to, and not considered a substitute for, other financial measures such as net income and cash flow provided by (used in) operations. We believe that free cash flow represents our ability to generate additional cash flow from our business operations.

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The following table reconciles net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, a GAAP measure, to free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $(11384) | $2507 | $(12721) | $(19114) |
| Acquisition of property and equipment | (2965) | (1423) | (5126) | (2751) |
| Free cash flow | $(14349) | $1084 | $(17847) | $(21865) |

---

Adjusted EBITDA represents net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as further adjusted for certain charges consisting of unrelated legal and consulting fees, severance, restructuring charges, write downs of property, plant and equipment, impairment charges, CEO transition costs, debt modification expense, loss on extinguishment of debt, and stock-based compensation. We use, and we believe our investors benefit from the presentation of, Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating our operating performance because it provides us and our investors with additional tools to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our core operations. In addition, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors and other external users of our consolidated financial statements in evaluating our operating performance as compared to that of other companies, because it allows them to measure a company's operating performance without regard to items such as interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets and liabilities, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired. Our management also uses Adjusted EBITDA for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and financial projections. Management also uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our ability to make certain payments, including dividends, in compliance with our senior credit facilities, which is determined based on a calculation of "Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA" that is substantially similar to Adjusted EBITDA.

Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool. As a result, you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for net income, operating income, cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

● Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

● Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

● Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our indebtedness;

● Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;

● Other companies, including other companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure; and

● Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect tax obligations whether current or deferred.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted EBITDA as well as the resulting calculation of Adjusted EBITDA for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Net income** | $25954 | $24338 | $26102 | $15986 |
| Interest expense, net | 2973 | 4123 | 5357 | 7647 |
| Income tax expense | 8191 | 7789 | 8533 | 6198 |
| Depreciation expense | 2276 | 2777 | 4549 | 5492 |
| Amortization | 1550 | 1630 | 3100 | 4260 |
| **EBITDA** | 40944 | 40657 | 47641 | 39583 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 1554 | 2478 | 3704 | 2833 |
| Impairment charges (1) |  |  |  | 1224 |
| Debt modification expense |  |  | 176 |  |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 156 |  |
| Other charges (2) | 119 | 560 | 371 | 1589 |
| **Adjusted EBITDA** | $42617 | $43695 | $52048 | $45229 |

---

(1) Reflects impairment charges taken on certain internally developed software in the six months ended June 30, 2024.

(2) Reflects unrelated legal, severance, restructuring, and consulting fees, and write downs of property, plant and equipment for the periods presented.

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The following table presents Adjusted EBITDA by segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Adjusted EBITDA** |  |  |  |  |
| Work Truck Attachments | $31570 | $35792 | $31897 | $31324 |
| Work Truck Solutions | 11047 | 7903 | 20151 | 13905 |
|  | $42617 | $43695 | $52048 | $45229 |

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Adjusted EBITDA at our Work Truck Attachments segment was $31.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $35.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $4.2 million. Adjusted EBITDA at our Work Truck Attachments segment was $31.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $31.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $0.6 million. The decrease in the three months ended June 30, 2025 is due to lower volumes related to the timing of preseason shipments between the second and third quarters. The increase in the six months ended June 30, 2025 from the corresponding period in 2024 was due to improved snowfall in our core markets leading to higher volumes in the first quarter of 2025. The most recent snow season ended March 2025 was 12% below the 10-year average, but was approximately 30% better than the prior snow season, which had snowfall 39.0% below the 10-year average.

Adjusted EBITDA at our Work Truck Solutions segment was $11.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $7.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $3.1 million. Adjusted EBITDA at our Work Truck Solutions segment was $20.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $13.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $6.3 million. The change in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was due to price increase realization and improved municipal volumes, as well as improved efficiencies.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share (calculated on a diluted basis) represents net income and earnings per share (as defined by GAAP), excluding the impact of stock-based compensation, severance, restructuring charges, write downs of property, plant and equipment, impairment charges, CEO transition costs, debt modification expense, loss on extinguishment of debt, certain charges related to unrelated legal fees and consulting fees, and adjustments on derivatives not classified as hedges, net of their income tax impact. Adjustments on derivatives not classified as hedges are non-cash and are related to overall financial market conditions; therefore, management believes such costs are unrelated to our business and are not representative of our results. Management believes that Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share are useful in assessing the Company's financial performance by eliminating expenses and income that are not reflective of the underlying business performance. We believe that the presentation of adjusted net income for the periods presented allows investors to make meaningful comparisons of our operating performance between periods and to view our business from the same perspective as our management. Because the excluded items are not predictable or consistent, management does not consider them when evaluating our performance or when making decisions regarding allocation of resources.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted net income as well as a reconciliation of diluted earnings per share, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net income (GAAP) | $25954 | $24338 | $26102 | $15986 |
| Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |
| - Stock-based compensation | 1554 | 2478 | 3704 | 2833 |
| - Impairment charges (1) |  |  |  | 1224 |
| - Debt modification expense |  |  | 176 |  |
| - Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 156 |  |
| - Adjustments on derivative not classified as hedge (2) |  | (115) |  | (287) |
| - Other charges (3) | 119 | 560 | 371 | 1589 |
| Tax effect on adjustments | (418) | (731) | (1102) | (1340) |
| Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) | $27209 | $26530 | $29407 | $20005 |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding assuming dilution | 23674029 | 23094047 | 23668491 | 23051708 |
| Adjusted earnings per common share - dilutive | $1.14 | $1.11 | $1.23 | $0.83 |
| GAAP diluted earnings per share | $1.09 | $1.02 | $1.09 | $0.66 |
| Adjustments net of income taxes: |  |  |  |  |
| - Stock-based compensation | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
| - Impairment charges (1) |  |  |  | 0.04 |
| - Debt modification expense |  |  | 0.01 |  |
| - Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 0.01 |  |
| - Adjustments on derivative not classified as hedge (2) |  |  |  | (0.01) |
| - Other charges (3) |  | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| Adjusted diluted earnings per share (non-GAAP) | $1.14 | $1.11 | $1.23 | $0.83 |

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(1) Reflects impairment charges taken on certain internally developed software in the six months ended June 30, 2024.

(2) Reflects mark-to-market and amortization adjustments on an interest rate swap not classified as a hedge for the periods presented.

(3) Reflects unrelated legal, severance, restructuring, and consulting fees, and write downs of property, plant and equipment for the periods presented.

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**Future Obligations and Commitments** 

There have been no material changes to our future obligations and commitments in the three months ended June 30, 2025.

**Impact of Inflation**

Inflation in materials and labor had a material impact on our profitability in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and, although we are starting to see certain inflationary pressures ease, we expect the impact of any tariffs enacted and any ongoing inflationary pressures may also impact our profitability in the remainder of 2025. While we anticipate being able to cover this inflation by raising prices, there may be a timing difference of when we incur the increased costs and when we realize the higher prices in our backlog. In prior year as a result of inflationary pressures due to tariffs, we experienced significant increases in steel costs, but were able to mitigate the effects of these increases through both temporary and permanent steel surcharges; we expect, but cannot be certain, that we will be able to do the same going forward.

**Seasonality and Year-to-Year Variability**

While our Work Truck Solutions segment has limited seasonality and variability, our Work Truck Attachments segment is seasonal and also varies from year-to-year. Consequently, our results of operations and financial condition for this segment vary from quarter-to-quarter and from year-to-year as well. In addition, because of this seasonality and variability, the results of operations for our Work Truck Attachments segment and our consolidated results of operations for any quarter may not be indicative of results of operations that may be achieved for a subsequent quarter or the full year, and may not be similar to results of operations experienced in prior years. That being the case, while snowfall levels vary within a given year and from year-to-year, snowfall, and the corresponding replacement cycle of snow and ice control equipment manufactured and sold by our Work Truck Attachments segment, is relatively consistent over multi-year periods.

Sales of our Work Truck Attachments products are significantly impacted by the level, timing and location of snowfall, with sales in any given year and region most heavily influenced by snowfall levels in the prior snow season (which we consider to begin in October and end in March) in that region. This is due to the fact that end-user demand for our Work Truck Attachments products is driven primarily by the condition of their snow and ice control equipment, and in the case of professional snowplowers, by their financial ability to purchase new or replacement snow and ice control equipment, both of which are significantly affected by snowfall levels. Heavy snowfall during a given winter causes usage of our Work Truck Attachments products to increase, resulting in greater wear and tear to our products and a shortening of their life cycles, thereby creating a need for replacement commercial snow and ice control equipment and related parts and accessories. In addition, when there is a heavy snowfall in a given winter, the increased income our professional snowplowers generate from their professional snowplow activities provides them with increased purchasing power to purchase replacement commercial snow and ice control equipment prior to the following winter. To a lesser extent, sales of our Work Truck Attachments products are influenced by the timing of snowfall in a given winter. Because an early snowfall can be viewed as a sign of a heavy upcoming snow season, our end-users may respond to an early snowfall by purchasing replacement snow and ice control equipment during the current season rather than delaying purchases until after the season is over when most purchases are typically made by end-users.

We attempt to manage the seasonal impact of snowfall on our revenues in part through our pre-season sales program, which involves actively soliciting and encouraging pre-season distributor orders in the second and third quarters by offering our Work Truck Attachments distributors a combination of pricing, payment and freight incentives during this period. These pre-season sales incentives encourage our Work Truck Attachments distributors to re-stock their inventory during the second and third quarters in anticipation of the peak fourth quarter retail sales period by offering pre-season pricing and payment deferral until the fourth quarter. As a result, we tend to generate our greatest volume of sales (an average of over two-thirds over the last ten years) for the Work Truck Attachments segment during the second and third quarters, providing us with manufacturing visibility for the remainder of the year. By contrast, our revenue and operating results for the Work Truck Attachments segment tend to be lowest during the first quarter, as management believes our end-users prefer to wait until the beginning of a snow season to purchase new equipment and as our distributors sell off inventory and wait for our pre-season sales incentive period to re-stock inventory. Fourth quarter sales for the Work Truck Attachments segment vary from year-to-year as they are primarily driven by the level, timing and location of snowfall during the quarter. This is because most of our fourth quarter sales and shipments for the Work Truck Attachments segment consist of re-orders by distributors seeking to restock inventory to meet immediate customer needs caused by snowfall during the winter months.

Because of the seasonality of our sales of Work Truck Attachments products, we experience seasonality in our working capital needs as well. In the first quarter, we typically require capital as we are generally required to build our inventory for the Work Truck Attachments segment in anticipation of our second and third quarter pre-season sales. During the second and third quarters, our working capital requirements rise as our accounts receivable for the Work Truck Attachments segment increase as a result of the sale and shipment of products ordered through our pre-season sales program, and as we continue to build inventory. Working capital requirements peak towards the end of the third quarter and then begin to decline through the fourth quarter through a reduction in accounts receivable for the Work Truck Attachments segment when we receive the majority of the payments for pre-season shipped products.

We also attempt to manage the impact of seasonality and year-to-year variability on our business costs through the effective management of our assets. Our asset management and profit focus strategies include:

● the employment of a highly variable cost structure facilitated by a core group of workers that we supplement with a temporary workforce as sales volumes dictate, which allows us to adjust costs on an as-needed basis in response to changing demand;

● our enterprise-wide lean concept, which allows us to adjust production levels up or down to meet demand;

● the pre-season order program described above, which incentivizes distributors to place orders prior to the retail selling season; and

● a vertically integrated business model.

These asset management and profit focus strategies, among other management tools, allow us to adjust fixed overhead and selling, general and administrative expenditures to account for the year-to-year variability of our sales volumes.

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Additionally, although our annual capital expenditures are modest, they can be temporarily reduced by up to approximately 40% in response to actual or anticipated decreases in sales volumes. If we are unsuccessful in our asset management initiatives, the seasonality and year-to-year variability effects on our business may be compounded and in turn our results of operations and financial condition may suffer.

**Item 3. *Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk***

We do not use financial instruments for speculative trading purposes, and do not hold any derivative financial instruments that could expose us to significant market risk. Other than the broad effects of recent macro-economic trends and their negative impact on the global economy and major financial markets, our primary market risk exposures are changes in interest rates and steel price fluctuations.

**Interest Rate Risk**

We are exposed to market risk primarily from changes in interest rates. Our borrowings, including our term loan and any revolving borrowings under our senior credit facilities, are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. A portion of our interest rate risk associated with our term loan is mitigated through interest rate swaps. In addition, the interest rate on any revolving borrowings is subject to an increase in the interest rate based on our average daily availability under our revolving credit facility.

As of June 30, 2025, we had outstanding borrowings under our term loan of $147.7 million. A hypothetical interest rate change of 1%, 1.5% and 2% on our term loan would have changed interest incurred for the three months ended June 30, 2025 by $0.1 million, $0.1 million, and $0.1 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2025, we had $42.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. A hypothetical interest rate change of 1%, 1.5% and 2% on our revolving credit facility would have changed interest incurred for the three months ended June 30, 2025 by $0.1 million, $0.1 million, and $0.1 million, respectively.

**Commodity Price Risk**

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk related to our purchase of steel, the primary commodity upon which our manufacturing depends. Our steel purchases as a percentage of revenue were 5.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 5.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Our steel purchases as a percentage of revenue were 6.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 7.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2024.While steel is typically available from numerous suppliers, the price of steel is a commodity subject to fluctuations that apply across broad spectrums of the steel market. If the price of steel increases, including as a result of tariffs, our variable costs could also increase. While historically we have successfully mitigated these increased costs through the implementation of either permanent price increases and/or temporary invoice surcharges, there may be timing differences between when we realize the price increases and incur the increased costs, and in the future we may not be able to successfully mitigate these costs, which could cause our gross margins to decline. If our costs for steel were to increase by $1.00 in a period where we are not able to pass any of this increase onto our distributors, our gross margins would decline by $1.00 in the period in which such inventory was sold.

On December 17, 2024, we entered into a steel hedging agreement to reduce our exposure to commodity price swings. The steel hedging instrument has a notional quantity of 3,000 short tons and is effective for the period August 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025, which we expect to be slightly less than half of our exposure during the effective period. Under the steel hedge agreement, we will make fixed payments of $819 per short ton for the Steel Hot Rolled Coil (HRC) commodity. The steel hedging instrument is accounted for as a cash flow hedge. The steel hedging instrument's fair value at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was positive $0.1 million and negative $0.1 million, respectively, which is included in Prepaid and other current assets and Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively.

**Item 4. *Controls and Procedures***

**Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

**Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting**

In March 2025, we completed an ERP implementation at our Dejana Truck & Utility Equipment Company, LLC subsidiary. As a result of the implementation, we have implemented or expect to implement certain changes to our processes and procedures, which, in turn, will result in changes to our internal control over financial reporting. While we expect this implementation to either strengthen or have minimal impact to our existing internal controls, we will continue to evaluate and monitor our internal control over financial reporting as processes and procedures are finalized with the implementation.

With the exception of the implementation of the ERP system described above, there have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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**PART II. OTHER INFORMATION**

**Item 1. *Legal Proceedings***

In the ordinary course of business, we are engaged in various litigation matters primarily including product liability and intellectual property disputes. However, management does not believe that any current litigation is material to our operations or financial position. In addition, we are not currently party to any environmental-related claims or legal matters.

**Item 1A. *Risk Factors***

There have been no significant changes in our risk factors from those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

**Item 2. *Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds***

**Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities**

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, we did not sell any securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

**Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities**

On February 16, 2022, our Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to $50.0 million in shares of common stock at market value (the "2022 repurchase plan"). This authorization does not have an expiration date. Repurchases under the program may be made in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, with the amount and timing of repurchases depending on market conditions and corporate needs. We may also, from time to time, enter into Rule 10b5-1 trading plans to facilitate repurchases of its shares under this authorization. This program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of shares and the program may be extended, modified, suspended or discontinued at any time at the Company's discretion. Shares repurchased under the 2022 repurchase plan are retired.

Total share repurchases under the 2022 repurchase plan for the three months ended June 30, 2025 are as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Period** | **Total number of shares purchased** | **Average price paid per share** | **Number of shares purchased as part of the publicly announced program** | **Approximate dollar value of shares still available to be purchased under the program (000's)** |
| 4/1/2025 - 5/8/2025 |  | $- |  | $44000 |
| 5/9/2025 - 5/15/2025 | 210059 | 28.56 | 210059 | 38000 |
| 5/16/2025 - 6/30/2025 |  |  |  | 38000 |
| Total | 210059 | $28.56 | 210059 | $38000 |

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**Dividend Payment Restrictions**

Our senior credit facilities include certain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends. The senior credit facilities also restrict our subsidiaries from paying dividends and otherwise transferring assets to Douglas Dynamics, Inc. For additional detail regarding these restrictions, see Note 9 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

**Item 3. *Defaults Upon Senior Securities***

None.

**Item 4. *Mine Safety Disclosures***

None.

**Item *5. Other Information***

**Rule *10b5*-*1* Trading Plans**

(c) During the *three* months ended *June 30, 2025*, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule *10b5*-*1* trading arrangement," or "non-Rule *10b5*-*1* trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item *408*(a) of Regulation S-K.

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**Item 6. *Exhibits***

The following documents are filed as Exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br> **Numbers** | **Description** |
| 31.1\* | [Certification of the Company's Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex_824069.htm) |
| 31.2\* | [Certification of the Company's Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex_824070.htm) |
| 32.1\* | [Certification of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex_824071.htm) |
| 101\* | The following financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, filed on August 5, 2025, formatted in inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity; (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and (vi) the information included in Part II, Item 5(c). |
| 104\* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |

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\* Filed herewith.

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**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.** | **DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.** |
|  | By: | /s/ SARAH LAUBER |
|  |  | Sarah Lauber |
|  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Signatory) |
| Dated: August 5, 2025 |  |  |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 30

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

<u>**Section 302 Certification**</u>

I, Mark Van Genderen, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Douglas Dynamics, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | By: | /s/ Mark Van Genderen |
|  |  | Mark Van Genderen |
|  |  | *President and Chief Executive Officer* |
| Dated: August 5, 2025 |  |  |

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## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

<u>**Section 302 Certification**</u>

I, Sarah Lauber, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Douglas Dynamics, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | By: | /s/ Sarah Lauber |
|  |  | Sarah Lauber |
|  |  | *Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer* |
| Dated: August 5, 2025  |  |  |

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## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**CERTIFICATION**

**Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350**

**Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Douglas Dynamics, Inc., or the Company, on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025 as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, or Report, and pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, each of the undersigned officers of the Company certifies that:

● the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

● the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | By: | /s/ Mark Van Genderen |
|  |  | Mark Van Genderen |
|  |  | *President and Chief Executive Officer* |
| Dated: August 5, 2025 |  |  |
|  | By: | /s/ Sarah Lauber |
|  |  | Sarah Lauber |
|  |  | *Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer* |
| Dated: August 5, 2025 |  |  |

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A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

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