# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001828161
**File Stem:** 0001193125-26-120372
**Filing Date:** 2026-3
**Character Count:** 514292
**Document Hash:** 3c5ca93fff9e9a172bb18d55fe1841d8
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001193125-26-120372.hdr.sgml**: 20260324

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001193125-26-120372

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 119

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20251231

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260324

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260323

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** FTC Solar, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001828161
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SEMICONDUCTORS & RELATED DEVICES [3674]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 04 Manufacturing
- **EIN:** 814816270
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-40350
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26784010

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 10900 STONELAKE BLVD.
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 100 QUARRY OAKS II BUILDING
- **CITY:** AUSTIN
- **STATE:** TX
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** (907) 312-0717

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 10900 STONELAKE BLVD.
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 100 QUARRY OAKS II BUILDING
- **CITY:** AUSTIN
- **STATE:** TX

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? 10-K

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**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

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**FORM** 10-K

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 **(Mark One)** 

☒ **ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934** 

**For the fiscal year ended** **December 31,** 2025

**OR** 

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO** 

**Commission File Number** 001-40350

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FTC SOLAR, INC.

**(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Delaware | 81-4816270 |
| **(State or other jurisdiction of**<br>**incorporation or organization)** | **(I.R.S. Employer**<br>**Identification No.)** |
| 10900 Stonelake Blvd**,** Suite 100**,**<br>Quarry Oaks II Building**,**<br>Austin**,** Texas | 78759 |
| **(Address of principal executive offices)** | **(Zip Code)** |

---

**Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (**512**)** 481-4271

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading**<br>**Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange on which registered** |
| Common Stock, $0.0001 par value | FTCI | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: **None**

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☑ | Smaller reporting company | ☑ |
| Emerging growth company | ☑ |  |  |

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of the shares of common stock on June 30, 2025 was $38,128,743.

The number of shares of registrant's common stock outstanding as of March 20, 2026, was 15,585,198.

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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

List hereunder the following documents if incorporated by reference and the Part of the Form 10-K (e.g., Part I, Part II, etc.) into which the document is incorporated:

Portions of the registrant's 2026 Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed on or before April 30, 2026, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

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![img261692972_0.jpg](img261692972_0.jpg)

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Page** |
|  | [<u>Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</u>](#cautionary_statement_regarding_forward) | 1 |
|  | [<u>Summary of Risk Factors</u>](#risk_factor_summary) | 2 |
| **PART I** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 1. | [<u>Business</u>](#item_1_business) | 4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 1A. | [<u>Risk Factors</u>](#item_1a_risk_factors) | 15 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 1B. | [<u>Unresolved Staff Comments</u>](#item_1b_unresolved_staff_comments) | 39 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 1C. | [<u>Cybersecurity</u>](#item_1c_cybersecurity) | 40 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 2. | [<u>Properties</u>](#item_2_properties) | 41 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 3. | [<u>Legal Proceedings</u>](#item_3_legal_proceedings) | 42 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 4. | [<u>Mine Safety Disclosures</u>](#item_4_mine_safety_disclosures) | 43 |
| **PART II** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 5. | [<u>Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</u>](#item_5_market_for_registrants_common) | 44 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 6. | [<u>\[Reserved\]</u>](#item_6_reserved) | 45 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 7. | [<u>Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</u>](#item_7_managements_discussion) | 46 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 7A. | [<u>Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk</u>](#item_7a_quantitavite) | 63 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 8. | [<u>Financial Statements and Supplementary Data</u>](#item_8_financials) | 65 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 9. | [<u>Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure</u>](#item_9_changes_in_and_disagreements) | 104 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 9A. | [<u>Controls and Procedures</u>](#item_9a_controls_and_procedures) | 104 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 9B. | [<u>Other Information</u>](#item_9b_other_information) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;106 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 9C. | [<u>Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections</u>](#item_9c_disclosure_regarding) | 106 |
| **PART III** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 10. | [<u>Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance</u>](#item_10_directors_executive) | 107 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 11. | [<u>Executive Compensation</u>](#item_11_executive_compensation) | 107 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 12. | [<u>Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</u>](#item_12_security_ownership) | 107 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 13. | [<u>Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</u>](#item_13_certain_relationships) | 107 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 14. | [<u>Principal Accountant Fees and Services</u>](#item_14_principal_accounting) | 107 |
| **PART IV** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 15. | [<u>Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules</u>](#item_15_exhibits_financial_statement) | 108 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 16. | [<u>Form 10-K Summary</u>](#item_16_form_10_k_summary) | 110 |
|  | [<u>SIGNATURES</u>](#signatures) | 111 |

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**CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

This Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Annual Report") contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical or current facts contained in this Annual Report may be forward-looking statements. Statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, including, among others, liquidity, growth and profitability strategies and factors and trends affecting our business are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified in some cases by the use of words such as "believe," "can," "could," "potential," "plan," "predict," "goals," "seek," "should," "may," "may have," "would," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "expect," the negative of these words, other similar expressions or by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.

The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to, the factors set forth under Item 1A. "Risk Factors" below. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.

In addition, statements that "we believe", "we expect" and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

You should read this Annual Report with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements.

These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report, whether as a result of any new information, future events, or otherwise.

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**SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS**

We are subject to a number of risks that in some cases have and moving forward if realized could further adversely affect our business, strategies, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Some of the more significant risks and uncertainties we face include those summarized below. The summary below is not exhaustive and is qualified by reference to the full set of risk factors set forth in Item 1A. Risk Factors below. Please carefully consider all of the information in this Annual Report, including the full set of risks set forth in the "Risk Factors" section below, and in our other filings with the SEC before making an investment decision regarding us.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•[**<u>Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry</u>**](#risks_related_to_business)

oWe have a history of losses that may continue in the future and have determined there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern; the demand for our products and related revenue depends on many factors beyond our control; we may not achieve profitability or generate positive cash flow; and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on terms favorable to us.

oOur dependence on a limited number of customers, the payment terms we agree to with such customers and the expected timing of customer project development activity may impair our ability to operate profitably.

oWe may invest in or acquire other companies or technologies, which could divert our management's attention, result in dilution to our stockholders, reduce our available cash that could be used for other purposes and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our results of operations.

oThe market for our products and services is highly competitive and rapidly evolving, and we expect to face increased competition.

oDefects or quality or performance problems in our products could result in loss of customers, reputational damage and decreased revenue, and we may face warranty, indemnity and product liability claims arising from defective products.

oWe invest significant time, resources and management attention to identifying and developing project leads that are subject to our sales and marketing focus, and if we are unsuccessful in converting such project leads (or awarded orders) into binding purchase orders, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

oOur success in providing panel agnostic versions of our solar tracker systems will depend in part upon our ability to continue to work closely with leading solar panel manufacturers.

oWe plan to continue expanding into additional international markets, which will expose us to additional regulatory, economic, political, reputational and competitive risks.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•[**<u>Risks Related to Our Capital Strategy, Our Credit Agreement and Ownership of Our Common Stock</u>**](#risks_related_to_capital)

oThe terms and covenants, including the financial covenants, set forth in the Credit Agreement (defined below in Part I - Item 1) restrict our business. In addition, our operations may not provide sufficient cash to meet the repayment obligations under the Credit Agreement or to satisfy the minimum cash, revenue, purchase order and other financial covenants that apply to the Company under the Credit Agreement. If we default under the Credit Agreement, including breaches of the financial covenants, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected, including, without limitation as a result of the reclassification of the term loan balances under the Credit Agreement from long-term debt to current or the Lenders' exercise of their rights under the Credit Agreement, including the requirement that the Company reasonably cooperate in good faith with the Lenders to pursue alternative strategic transactions, in the case of a breach of the financial covenants or the Lenders' foreclosure on their first priority security interest in substantially all of our assets.

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oA substantial number of shares of our common stock are issuable under the New Warrants (defined below in Part I - Item 1) and, if the New Warrants are exercised, they will have a dilutive impact, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline.

oCertain provisions of the New Warrants and in our governing documents under Delaware law could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.

oThere may be future issuances of new shares of our common stock under our ATM program or other equity offerings, or other dilution of our equity, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

oOur directors, executive officers, principal stockholders and holders of our New Warrants will continue to have significant influence over our company, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•[**<u>Risks Related to Government Regulations and Legal Compliance</u>**](#risks_government_regulation)

oThe reduction, elimination or expiration of government incentives for, or regulations mandating the use of, as well as corporate commitments to the use of, renewable energy and solar energy specifically could reduce demand for solar energy systems and harm our business.

oChanges in the U.S. trade environment, including the imposition of import tariffs, could adversely affect the amount or timing of our revenue, results of operations or cash flows.

oThe concentration of our sales in a limited number of specific markets increases risks associated with the reduction, elimination or expiration of governmental subsidies and economic incentives for solar energy products.

oActions addressing determinations of forced labor practices in China and legislation and policies adopted to address such practices may disrupt the global supply of solar panels and affect our business.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•[**<u>Risks Related to Manufacturing and Our Supply Chain</u>**](#risks_manufacturing)

oWe depend upon a limited number of outside contract manufacturers, and our operations could be disrupted if our relationships with these contract manufacturers are compromised.

oWe may experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in our contract manufacturers' manufacturing operations, which could result in reputational damage and other liabilities to our customers.

oWe depend on a limited number of contract manufacturers for key components of our products to adequately meet anticipated demand. Due to the limited number of such contract manufacturers, any cessation of operations or production or any shortage, delay, price change, imposition of tariffs or duties or other limitation on our ability to obtain the components we use could result in sales delays, cancellations and loss of market share.

oThe interruption of the flow of components from international contract manufacturers could disrupt our supply chain, including as a result of the imposition of additional laws, duties, tariffs and other charges on imports and exports.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•[**<u>Risks Related to Intellectual Property</u>**](#risks_intellectual_property)

oIf we fail, in whole or in part, to obtain, maintain, protect, defend or enforce our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, our business and results of operations could be materially harmed.

oWe may need to defend ourselves against third-party claims that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating third-party intellectual property rights, which could divert management's attention, cause us to incur significant costs and prevent us from selling or using the products, services or technologies to which such rights relate.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•[**<u>Risks Related to Information Technology and Data Privacy</u>**](#risks_it)

oWe face risks relating to cybersecurity incidents, our use of artificial intelligence, and data protection regulations.

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**PART I**

**Item 1. Business.**

***Development of the business***

FTC Solar, Inc. (the "Company", "we", "our", or "us") was founded in 2017 and is incorporated in the state of Delaware. In April 2021, we completed an initial public offering ("IPO"), and our common stock currently trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") under the symbol "FTCI".

We are a global provider of solar tracker systems, supported by proprietary software and value-added engineering services. Solar tracker systems move solar panels throughout the day to maintain an optimal orientation relative to the sun, thereby increasing the amount of solar energy produced at a solar installation. Our one module-in-portrait ("1P") solar tracker system is marketed under the Pioneer brand name ("Pioneer"), and our original two modules-in-portrait ("2P") solar tracker system is marketed under the Voyager brand name ("Voyager"). We also have a mounting solution to support the installation and use of U.S.-manufactured thin-film modules. Our primary software offerings include SUNPATH, which helps customers optimize solar tracking for increased energy production, and our SUNOPS real-time operations management platform. In addition, we have a team of renewable energy professionals available to assist our U.S. and worldwide clients in site layout, structural design, pile testing and other needs across the solar project development and construction cycle. Our products and services provide tracker solutions for large utility-scale solar and distributed generation projects around the world. Our customers are primarily engineering, procurement and construction companies ("EPCs") and we also contract with developers and owners. The Company is headquartered in Austin, Texas, and has international subsidiaries in Australia, China, India, South Africa and Spain.

On July 2, 2025 (the "Credit Agreement Closing Date"), we entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Original Credit Agreement") by and among the Company, as borrower, each lender party thereto (the "Lenders"), and Acquiom Agency Services LLC, as administrative agent for the Lenders. On November 11, 2025, we entered into the First Amendment to Credit Agreement with the administrative agent on behalf of the Lenders (the "First Amendment") to amend certain financial covenants applicable to us and in connection with our agreement to acquire 100% of the membership interests of Alpha Steel LLC ("Alpha Steel").

On March 23, 2026, we entered into a Second Amendment and Limited Waiver to Credit Agreement (the "Second Amendment" and the Original Credit Agreement as amended by the First Amendment and the Second Amendment, the "Credit Agreement") pursuant to which: (i) the Lenders provided a waiver relating to our breach of the purchase order covenant for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025; (ii) the Lenders agreed that a purchase order covenant will not apply to us until the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027; and (iii) we and the Lenders agreed to further amend the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement. The amended financial covenants applicable under the Credit Agreement are summarized below under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity and going concern." Additionally, in connection with the Second Amendment, we agreed to repay a portion of the principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement as follows: (x) $2.5 million of principal was repaid on March 23, 2026; (y) $2.5 million of principal will be repaid on May 22, 2026; and (z) $5.0 million of principal will be repaid on September 30, 2026.

The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured term facility of up to $75 million, consisting of (i) Initial Term Loans and First Delayed Draw Term Loans (both as defined in the Credit Agreement) that were funded during 2025 in an aggregate principal amount of $37.5 million, and (ii) up to $37.5 million principal amount of Second Delayed Draw Term Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement) that may be requested by the Company and approved by the Lenders in their sole discretion (collectively, with the Initial Term Loans and the First Delayed Draw Term Loans, the "Term Loans"). The Term Loans currently outstanding mature on July 2, 2029.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, we also issued warrants for an aggregate 6,836,237 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants (the "New Warrants"), based on stockholder approval during a Special Meeting of Stockholders held on September 4, 2025. The New Warrants are (i) exercisable at any time through July 2, 2035, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, and (ii) accounted for as a long-term liability, based on terms that could require cash settlement upon the occurrence of a contingent change in control event.

On December 4, 2024, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with an institutional investor as the purchaser under the Purchase Agreement (the "Investor"). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we sold, and the Investor purchased, $15.0 million in principal amount of senior secured promissory notes (the "Senior Notes") and warrants exercisable for 1,750,000 shares of our common stock (the " Original Warrants") (the "Offering"). The Original Warrants issued in the Offering were exercised on June 30, 2025 at an exercise price of $0.10 per share, in return for the issuance of 1,750,000 shares of our common stock.

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In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Investor entered into a Subordination Agreement, dated July 2, 2025 (the "Subordination Agreement"). Pursuant to the Subordination Agreement, the Investor agreed to the subordination of all indebtedness owed by the Company to the Investor, including under the Senior Notes issued by the Company to the Investor on December 4, 2024, to the indebtedness and obligations owed under the Credit Agreement and the other applicable loan documents.

Also, in connection with the Credit Agreement and the Subordination Agreement, the Company and Investor entered into an Amended and Restated Promissory Note, dated July 2, 2025 (the "A&R Promissory Note"). The A&R Promissory Note amends and restates the original Senior Notes to remove the seniority terms of those notes, conform the original Senior Notes to the terms of the Credit Agreement and the Subordination Agreement, amend certain prepayment and make-whole terms under the original Senior Notes, delete certain covenants and event of default terms, reduce the interest rate under the original Senior Notes to 5% per annum paid in cash and 7% per annum paid in kind, both on the final business day of June and December in each year, and to delete the financial covenants set forth in the original Senior Notes. As a result of an amendment to the Purchase Agreement entered into on July 2, 2025 (the "Purchase Agreement Amendment"), among other things, the Investor agreed to release all liens and guarantees securing the obligations under the Senior Notes, the Purchase Agreement, and the A&R Promissory Note. The A&R Promissory Note also (i) provides for additional interest to be capitalized and added to the principal amount of the debt at a rate of 5% per annum upon the occurrence and continuation of certain events of default and (ii) matures on January 2, 2030.

On November 11, 2025, we entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with Taihua New Energy (Thailand) Co. LTD. ("Taihua") and DAYV LLC (collectively, the "Selling Members") pursuant to which we agreed to purchase 100% of the Membership Interests of Alpha Steel, with such transaction closing on November 12, 2025. As consideration for the transactions under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, we agreed to pay the Selling Members a total of approximately $2.7 million for their Membership Interests in varying installments within five business days following each of January 1, 2026, April 1, 2026 and July 1, 2026 (the "Post-Closing Payments"). The Post-Closing Payments are evidenced by promissory notes issued by the Company to each of the Selling Members (the "Acquisition Notes"), and the Acquisition Notes have been secured by all of Alpha Steel's assets; provided, however, the security interests granted to each of the Selling Members under the Acquisition Notes are subordinate and junior to the security interests in favor of the Lenders under the Credit Agreement.

Also, during 2025, we continued to make enhancements to our offered products including, among other changes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the introduction of a dual-row configuration for our 1P Pioneer tracker allowing for what we believe to be industry leading East-West slope tolerance, with customizable options to help navigate complex project landscapes,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the release in August 2025, of our Pioneer+ High Wind tracker, engineered to withstand wind speeds up to 150 miles per hour, and

We are committed to continuing to innovate our products in order to offer customers world-class options for managing their solar assets in the most effective manner possible.

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act. Under the JOBS Act, we elected to use the allowed extended transition period to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We also qualify as a smaller reporting company under the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

***Description of the business***

We currently offer trackers and software solutions targeting the utility-scale solar energy markets to current and potential customers in the United States, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, South Africa and Australia.

Our Voyager tracking system is built upon a self-powered 2P single-axis tracker design utilizing a 60-meter independent row architecture, which we believe provides numerous advantages to our customers. We have expanded our Voyager tracker portfolio into ultra-large-format modules ("ULFMs") and U.S. thin-film modules to accommodate the different customer solar installations. We also improved the resilience of the trackers by increasing wind speed tolerance up to 150 miles per hour.

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In addition, our Pioneer 1P solar tracker solution leverages technological advantages of Voyager and provides what we believe to be numerous cost savings benefits to our customers relative to other 1P solutions including faster assembly capability, a reduced pile count and embedment depth, and higher slope tolerance. We have continued to broaden compatibility options for Pioneer, including for ULFMs and the newest Series 7 U.S. thin-film modules, as well as additional foundation options, like screw piles.

Our SUNOPS operations management software is designed to help customers identify and resolve tracker underperformance issues, with insights down to a single tracker array. Our SUNPATH software can be used by customers to help recover energy lost due to row-to-row shading on undulating terrain and land-constrained sites while maximizing energy production on cloudy days, which allows our customers to maximize their solar site revenue. This is accomplished through adjusting the tracking angle of each row individually to minimize the impact of shadow casting, especially on undulating terrain, and to optimize tracking angles on cloudy days. SUNPATH leverages satellite imagery to predict cloud movements and to adjust the tracking system in real-time to provide optimal performance.

We continue to make efforts to expand our domestic and international footprint, along with our customer outreach efforts and we continue to add, as needed, individuals with significant experience in solar and renewable energy industries to our Board of Directors, and to our executive leadership and sales teams. As examples, from a marketing standpoint, we launched commercial activity in the India market during 2025 and, from a personnel standpoint, we added Tony Alvarez, Anthony Carroll, Darrell Jackson and Maximillian Sultan to our Board of Directors in 2025.

The vast majority of our revenue in the periods presented in this Annual Report was attributable to sales by our legal entities in the United States and Australia.

Since 2022, we have also been focused on efforts to improve our gross margins through design-to-value initiatives intended to reduce our product cost structure, as well as other efforts to make our period cost structure more efficient, without sacrificing service to our customers.

We currently operate in one business segment, the manufacturing and servicing of solar tracker systems.

We report both product and service revenue in our consolidated financial statements. Product revenue is derived from the sale of solar tracker systems and customized components for those systems, individual part sales for certain specific transactions and the sale of term-based software licenses. Service revenue includes revenue from shipping and handling services, engineering consulting and pile testing services, our subscription-based enterprise licensing model and maintenance and support services in connection with the term-based software licenses.

We incur costs associated with the revenue generated related to (i) the raw materials used in our solar tracker systems, including parts and components, (ii) equipment manufacturing activities, net of incentives earned, (iii) personnel costs attributable to procurement, installation and delivery of finished products and services, (iv) freight and delivery, (v) product warranty, (vi) insurance, and (vii) customer support.

We previously outsourced all manufacturing to contract manufacturing partners. While we continue to use other contract manufacturing partners, with our acquisition of a controlling interest in Alpha Steel, effective November 12, 2025, as described above, we now have the ability internally to domestically produce torque tubes, rails, couplers and certain other products to primarily serve customers in the U.S. market. Our acquisition of Alpha Steel is a continuation of our effort in recent years to focus on growing our U.S. manufacturing supply capability in order to reduce lead times for our customers, as well as other potential benefits. For further discussion of our acquisition of Alpha Steel, see Note 3, "Acquisition and disposition" included in our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

In addition to our acquisition of Alpha Steel, we plan to continue to partner with other U.S.-based manufacturers to further add to our domestic content capabilities and we will continue to use existing and new international manufacturers to expand our capacity, as needed, to address anticipated increases in future volume.

Based on the U.S. dollar amount of purchase orders we issued during the year ended December 31, 2025, the percentage of our spending involved partners located in the following countries:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Vendor location** | **Year ended December 31, 2025** |
| United States | 57% |
| India | 20% |
| China | 9% |
| Thailand | 6% |
| All other | 8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | 100% |

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<u>Market factors</u>

Several market factors are driving the growth in solar energy including:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the declining cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules over the last several years, although this impact is currently being negatively affected by higher tariffs being applied;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•government incentives such as tax incentives, Renewable Portfolio Standards ("RPS") and international climate commitments to accelerate the adoption of solar energy;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•increasing demand for electricity associated with new data center construction and expansion of the use of artificial intelligence;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•environmental concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•technological advancements in solar panel design and efficiency; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•corporate sustainability goals, among other factors.

Our global market opportunity is driven by three primary factors: (i) overall growth in utility-scale solar projects, (ii) the increased usage of trackers as the preferred mounting system in utility-scale solar projects and (iii) our ability to execute our product roadmap by providing new products that improve performance and cost efficiency of solar power projects.

Governments across the globe have established policies to support a transition away from fossil fuels and towards low-carbon forms of energy, such as solar power. In the United States, while there is no federal legislation implementing RPS, over half of the states have implemented their own mandatory or voluntary RPS or clean energy standards policies, with some setting ambitious targets of up to 100% of electric power coming from renewable energy sources by specific dates.

The U.S. government has typically relied on federal tax credits, grants and loan programs to encourage development of new renewable energy technologies and projects. The most notable incentive program impacting our U.S. business has historically been the investment tax credit ("ITC") for solar energy projects, which allows taxpayers to offset their U.S. federal income tax liability by a certain percentage of their cost basis in solar energy systems placed in service for commercial use, subject to compliance with applicable prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 ("IRA"), passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by then-President Biden on August 16, 2022, expanded and extended the tax credits and other tax benefits available to solar energy projects and the solar energy supply chain. U.S. manufacturers of specific solar components also became eligible to claim production tax credits under Section 45X of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which was established as part of the IRA and is a per-unit tax credit earned for each clean energy component manufactured domestically and sold by a manufacturer. Our acquisition of Alpha Steel allows us to continue for a longer period of time to obtain benefits of lower product costs as a result of the production tax credit program.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which accelerates the phase-outs and terminations of various eligible federal tax credits enacted as part of the IRA and places restrictions on continued receipt of tax credits by specified foreign entities and foreign influenced entities. The reduction, elimination or expiration of government incentives for, or regulations mandating the use of, as well as corporate commitments to the use of renewable energy and solar energy specifically, could reduce demand for solar energy systems and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Globally, investments in renewable energy have accelerated since the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (the "Convention"), which became effective in 2016, and which requires signatory nations to set certain carbon reduction goals, among other commitments. However, the Trump Administration issued an executive order in January 2025 to start the process to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement and in January 2026 announced plans to withdraw the U.S. from the Convention as well. U.S.

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withdrawal from the Convention, however, does not limit the efforts by other signatories to achieve their commitments under the Convention.

Despite these developments, solar generation of electricity is continuing to grow. The U.S. Energy Information Administration, in its January 2026 Short-Term Energy Outlook, estimates that solar generation will lead total electricity generation growth in 2026 and 2027, by increasing more than 20% each year, after increasing 33% in 2025.

Solar trackers have been gaining market share versus fixed-tilt mounting systems due to their ability to optimize energy production, accommodate more varied terrain and offer a more attractive return on investment. Based on publicly available information from Mordor Intelligence, the global solar tracker market is projected to achieve a compound annual growth rate in excess of 21% during the period from 2026 to 2031. North America is estimated to have a 73% solar tracker market share while Asia-Pacific is estimated to have a nearly 28% compound annual growth rate from 2026 to 2031. We believe we are well positioned to benefit from the accelerating adoption of both one and two-panel in-portrait tracker systems, bifacial panels and larger-format or higher-powered bifacial panels.

Our growth strategy is based on (i) increasing our market share in the United States, (ii) continuing our international expansion, including by increasing our sales to the distributed generation market, (iii) enhancing our tracker product offerings, (iv) reducing our operating costs through operating leverage, (v) expanding our software offering by supporting lean construction, operating, maintenance and lifecycle management and improving the attachment rate of enhanced software to tracker sales, and (vi) identifying additional strategic acquisitions or other opportunities.

<u>Government policies and regulations</u>

While U.S. federal and state governments have provided incentives for expansion of the use of solar energy, as described above, other policies and actions of the U.S. federal government have had a negative impact on demand through creation of uncertainty as to the ability and cost of importing solar modules into the United States.

The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act ("UFLPA") was passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Biden on December 23, 2021. The UFLPA established a rebuttable presumption that the importation of any goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China ("Xinjiang"), or that are produced by certain entities, is prohibited by Section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and that such goods, wares, articles, and merchandise are not entitled to entry to the United States. U.S. Customs and Border Protection ("CBP") began implementing the presumption set out in the UFLPA on June 21, 2022, resulting in new rules for solar module importers and reviews by CBP.

On April 1, 2022, the U.S. Department of Commerce, in response to a petition by Auxin Solar, Inc. ("Auxin"), published a notice initiating an investigation ("the Solar Circumvention Investigation") of claims related to alleged circumvention of U.S. antidumping and countervailing duties ("AD/CVD") by solar manufacturers in certain Southeast Asian countries, in an effort to determine whether or not solar cells and/or modules made in those Southeast Asian nations use parts originating from China in order to circumvent the AD/CVD tariffs. On June 6, 2022, President Biden issued an Executive Order allowing U.S. solar deployers to import solar modules and cells from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam free from certain duties for 24 months, along with other incentives designed to accelerate U.S. domestic production of clean energy technologies. This moratorium ended in June 2024. The U.S. International Trade Administration and the U.S. International Trade Commission completed a sunset review in October 2024 and decided to continue existing AD/CVD orders on crystalline silicon photovoltaic ("CSPV") cells/modules from China resulting in longstanding China tariffs remaining in force. In April 2025, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued final determinations concluding that producers and exporters in Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam were dumping and/or receiving countervailing subsidies resulting in high tariff rates now applying to many Chinese-owned manufacturers operating in these countries. In addition, in August 2025, the U.S. International Trade Commission issued an affirmative preliminary injury determination on imports of CSPV cells and modules from Laos, Indonesia and India. The U.S. Department of Commerce is currently assessing whether the imports at issue are being dumped or unfairly subsidized.

Additionally, on December 29, 2023, Auxin and Concept Clean Energy, Inc. filed suit in the U.S. Court of International Trade challenging the legal basis for the moratorium and implementing regulations. In August 2025, the Court sided with Auxin and Concept Clean Energy in their challenge to the Commerce Department's implementation of the Biden-era moratorium on AD/CVD duties on modules and cells from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam that were found to be circumventing the AD/CVD orders on product from China. The challenge resulted in the elimination of the two-year pause on duties, reinstating the AD/CVD obligations for imports from Southeast Asia and opening the door to potential retroactive duties on import entries made during the moratorium period. Whether

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the Commerce Department will impose retroactive duties is a separate administrative process and the outcome is not currently clear.

Effective April 5, 2025, the United States imposed a universal 10% "reciprocal" tariff on most imports into the United States, excluding certain products and certain qualifying imports from Canada and Mexico. Throughout 2025, tariff rates continued to change and fluctuate as negotiations continued between the United States and various countries. As an example, the United States increased the reciprocal tariff rate on China from 10% to 125%, in addition to other tariffs of 20% imposed on China earlier in 2025 and the Section 301 tariffs imposed on many Chinese-origin products during the first Trump Administration, and China imposed a retaliatory 125% tariff on goods imported from the United States in response. In May 2025, the U.S. and China agreed to a 90-day rollback whereby the United States cut the Chinese levies from 145% to 30% and China lowered the duties on U.S. goods from 125% to 10%, effective May 14, 2025. This rollback period was subsequently extended through November 10, 2026. New reciprocal tariffs were also announced on selected countries that were well above the universal 10% tariff rate. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the Trump Administration's use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act as a basis for the imposition of tariffs and, as a result of that ruling, on March 6, 2026, CBP outlined plans to establish a system for tariff refunds in 45 days following an order on March 4, 2026, by the Court of International Trade for CBP to progress with a tariff refund process. Following the ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court, the Trump Administration announced it would utilize authority under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 to implement tariffs of up to 15% for a limited period of time without U.S. Congressional approval and may ultimately replace such tariffs with longer-lasting authority under Section 301 of the Trade Act. As of the filing of this Annual Report, matters involving tariffs continue to evolve and change. Depending on the terms of our existing contracts with customers, we may not in all cases be able to fully recover the increased cost for delivery of tracker systems currently being manufactured for our customers by our international vendors due to higher tariffs currently in place or that may be imposed in the future, which has and may continue to impact our expected profitability under certain contracts. Imposition of new or higher tariffs could also adversely affect the amount or timing of our future revenue, results of operations or cash flows.

Also, in May 2025, the Trump administration announced the doubling of steel and aluminum tariffs to 50%, which reportedly contributed to a tightening of available capacity in U.S. steel mills.

These policies and actions, along with delays in receiving permits from certain local and state entities, and backlogs in the interconnection queue study process in various regions, resulted in some developers deferring projects, which negatively impacted our 2025 and 2024 revenue and cash flows and may continue to negatively impact our revenue and our cash flows in 2026.

There continues to be challenges in achieving full compliance with UFLPA, whether related to sufficient traceability of materials or other factors. Escalating trade tensions, particularly between the United States and China, have led to increased tariffs and trade restrictions, including tariffs applicable to certain raw materials and components for our products. We have taken measures with the intention of mitigating the effect of tariffs and the impact of AD/CVD and UFLPA on our business by reducing our reliance on China and enhancing our U.S.-based supply chain, including through our acquisition of Alpha Steel.

The factors described above may also result in higher tracker costs due to increased steel prices and tariff-affected imports, project delays due to tight capacity in U.S. steel mills and continued uncertainty from the ongoing AD/CVD investigations, UFLPA compliance, and new foreign entity of concern regulations in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.

<u>Environmental, social and governance ("ESG")</u>

*Our mission and core values -*

Our mission is to drive energy independence through effective and efficient solar engineering and innovation.

The following three central pillars are what we were founded on and what currently guides our company:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•**Sustainability**, as we were born from sustainable products

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•**Innovation** in the energy transition

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•**Asset-light** to provide efficient and flexible capacity

We accelerate the adoption of renewable energy by reducing the cost of construction, simplifying the installation process and improving the energy yield of solar projects, thus supporting the transition away from fossil fuels. We make solar energy generation more efficient and attainable with our software, engineering and differentiated products.

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We are committed to the following core values in the way we do business:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•**Integrity** - We do the right thing. We are humble and listen to new ideas. We respect our customers and our teammates.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•**Accountability** - We are all accountable and act with urgency. We are transparent and deliver on our commitments. We come together to solve problems.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•**Innovation** - We collaborate to create world-class solutions. We foster a learning culture. We turn great ideas into our future.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•**Excellence** - We are committed to high quality. We plan well and execute flawlessly. We are focused on results.

*Environmental management -*

We are committed to protecting our environment for the benefit of current and future generations. We design our products and operations to reduce environmental impacts and maximize environmental savings.

Since 2018, we have maintained ISO 14001:2015 certification through third-party assurance. The standard from the International Organization for Standardization ("ISO") details the requirements for an environmental management system that we use to measure and manage our environmental performance. Specifically, our tracker business is ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 45001:2018 certified, and through Intertek has met the standards necessary to qualify for the UL certification for solar trackers. Our contract manufacturing partners also undergo a qualification process to remain on our approved vendor list, which includes a review and assessment of their environmental performance.

We assess our emissions across our global operations, focusing initially on Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions. Our Scope 1 emissions cover a fleet of light-duty trucks we operate for equipment delivery and technical support. Our Scope 2 emissions are associated with purchased electricity primarily at our offices in Texas, India, and Australia. Apart from our acquisition of Alpha Steel, and the related sublease we have on the Alpha Steel facility, the remainder of our manufacturing is outsourced to contract manufacturing partners, and we currently do not own or lease any other manufacturing facilities.

We continue to shift away from non-renewable and non-recyclable materials, toward more sustainable materials, such as wood and paper, wherever possible. Additionally, we designed our solar tracker offerings to minimize steel content, to require no specialized tools and to reduce labor hours needed for installation and maintenance. We also launched a supplier engagement program dedicated to empowering our supply chain partners to integrate sustainable practices while ensuring consistent quality.

*Social -*

In addition to providing training to our employees and regular reinforcement of our core values, we have also invested resources in developing a workforce where our teams can enjoy a collaborative environment.

Personal health and safety of each employee is of utmost importance, and we work to continually improve our safety policies and procedures. Our employees do not directly perform solar installations, but we consider the safety of the on-site installers when designing our products and installation procedures.

ISO 45001 is a framework that was developed to address occupational health and safety risks in the workplace using best practices from international labor standards and regulatory agencies. As noted above, we hold ISO 45001:2018 certification and use a separate but aligned qualification process with our contract manufacturing partners.

We provide competitive medical, dental, vision, life and disability insurance and savings plan benefits to our employees and regularly publicly recognize individual and teamwork and innovations in company-wide meetings.

*Governance -*

We are governed by a board of directors comprising ten members, including eight independent members. Our board has established an audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and governance committee, consisting solely of independent members, to advise the full board on various matters. The audit committee will also periodically meet separately with our independent auditors, without the presence of management, to discuss any matters of importance or concern to our auditors. Additionally, our Director of Internal Audit organizationally reports directly to the audit committee.

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Our executive officers serve at the discretion of our board of directors and hold office until his or her successor is duly appointed or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers. The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers and members of our Board of Directors as of December 31, 2025:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Age** | **Company Position/Board Member Occupation** |
| **Executive Officers** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Yann Brandt | 43 | President and Chief Executive Officer, Director |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sasan Aminpour | 62 | Chief Operating Officer |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cathy Behnen | 62 | Chief Financial Officer |
| **Non-employee Members of the Board of Directors** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shaker Sadasivam <br>*Chairman of the Board* | 66 | Chief Executive Officer <br>Auragent Bioscience, LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Anthony Alvarez<br>*Director* | 69 | Former Executive Vice President<br>Memory Solutions at Infineon |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pablo Barahona<br>*Director* | 64 | Former President of Global Retail Markets West<br>Liberty Mutual |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Anthony Carroll<br>*Director* | 42 | Chief Executive Officer <br>Veev, a subsidiary of Lennar |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Ahmad Chatila<br>*Director* | 58 | Managing Partner <br>Fenice Investment Group |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Lisan Hung<br>*Director* | 57 | Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary<br>Enphase Energy, Inc. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Darrell Jackson<br>*Director* | 67 | Chief Executive Officer <br>Efficace Group |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;David Springer<br>*Director* | 57 | Chief Operating Officer <br>Recurrent Energy |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Maxmillian Sultan<br>*Director* | 35 | Partner<br>Applied Value Group |

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In addition to our executive officers, our global executive leadership team at December 31, 2025, also included other individuals, including our Chief Commercial Officer, Chief Human Resources Officer, Senior Vice President of Capital Markets and Business Development, Senior Vice President of International Sales, Vice President, Software and the Chief of Staff. Additional biographical information on our executive officers will be set forth in the 2026 Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

Outlined below under "Human capital resources", is information on the diversity in gender, age and ethnicity of our board of directors, executive leadership team and employee population as of December 31, 2025.

<u>Climate change</u>

Climate change has primarily impacted our business operations by increasing demand for solar power generation and, as a result, for use of our products.

While climate change has not resulted in any material negative impact to our operations to date, we recognize the risk of disruptions to our supply chain due to extreme weather events. This, among other things, has led us to expand the diversity of our supplier base and to partner with more local suppliers to reduce shipping and transportation needs. We are also increasingly partnering with larger scale steel producers rather than smaller suppliers to facilitate scaling of our operations while remaining conscious of the environmental impacts of steel manufacturing as the regulatory landscape around these high-emitting industries evolves. An example of this strategy is our acquisition of Alpha Steel.

We also attempt to mitigate the climate-related risks from the use of our products by designing our equipment and systems to have a high-slope tolerance and wind mitigation capabilities, while at the same time reducing the required foundation/pile count needed. This allows our trackers to be installed in increasingly hostile environments with minimal disturbance to the surrounding land.

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In March 2024, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-11275, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. This rule would require registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in registration statements and annual reports. In April 2024, the SEC issued a stay of the final rules pending a judicial review of the validity of the rules by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals (the "Eighth Circuit"). In March 2025, the SEC sent a letter to the Eighth Circuit stating that they were withdrawing their defense of the rules and would no longer advance the arguments in the brief they had filed. In April 2025, the Eighth Circuit issued an order to hold the case in abeyance, as requested by a group of intervening states and the District of Columbia, pending the SEC filing a status report as to whether it intends to review or reconsider the rules at issue in the case or enforce them if the Eight Circuit upholds the climate disclosure rule. On July 23, 2025, the SEC responded to the order of the Eighth Circuit by issuing a status report stating it had no intention of reviewing or reconsidering the rules at this time and asked the Court to decide the case before the SEC commits to a course of action. On September 12, 2025, Eighth Circuit paused its consideration of legal challenges to the SEC's climate disclosure rules pending further action by the SEC. The rules remain stayed by the SEC. We continue to monitor developments in the case to determine if there will ultimately be any impact on our disclosures.

<u>Seasonality</u>

Our revenue may be impacted by seasonality and variability related to the timing of construction activity. Based on historical experience, we have experienced, to some degree, lower levels of customer purchasing during winter months in cold-weather climates as it is more costly to our customers to set foundations when the ground is frozen, however, such fluctuations due to seasonality have not had a material adverse impact on our operations.

<u>Competition</u>

The tracker industry is highly specialized and dominated by a relatively small number of companies. Our direct tracker competitors include Array Technologies, Inc., GameChange Solar, Nextpower Inc. and PVH. We also compete indirectly with manufacturers of fixed-tilt mounting systems. We compete on the basis of product performance and features, total cost of ownership (usually measured by the levelized cost of energy), reliability and duration of product warranty, sales, manufacturing and distribution capabilities, training, customer support and the ability to identify, hire and retain qualified personnel.

Several of our existing and potential competitors are significantly larger than we are and may have greater financial, marketing, manufacturing, distribution and customer support resources, as well as broader brand recognition and greater market penetration, especially in certain markets.

<u>Patents, trademarks and trade names</u>

We maintain a robust program of research and development to continue to enhance and expand our product offerings to our customers. During the year ended December 31, 2025, our research and development costs totaled $4.4 million, including employee salaries and benefit costs.

Our trademarks and trade names include, but are not limited to, Voyager Tracker, Pioneer Tracker, SUNPATH, SUNOPS and FTC Solar, which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws. This Annual Report also may contain trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights of other companies, which are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights referred to in this Annual Report are listed without the TM, SM,© and® symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensors, if any, to these trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights.

At December 31, 2025, we had patents in the following locations:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Locations** | **Patents Granted** |
| United States | 44 |
| Australia | 5 |
| All other | 9 |
| Total | 58 |

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Our issued patents are expected to expire between 2026 and 2044.

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<u>Human capital resources</u>

Our year-end headcount by department for each period was as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Department** | **December 31,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| Operations and support | 107 | 93 |
| Research and development | 55 | 45 |
| Sales and marketing | 27 | 20 |
| General and administrative | 43 | 44 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total headcount at period end | 232 | 202 |

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Our employees at each year end were located in the following countries:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Country** | **December 31,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| United States | 77 | 82 |
| India | 126 | 90 |
| China | 11 | 9 |
| Australia | 3 | 4 |
| All other | 15 | 17 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total headcount at period end | 232 | 202 |

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We believe we have a diverse employee base in terms of gender, age, experience, background and ethnicity. As an example, the self-identified gender of our board of directors and global employee workforce at December 31, 2025, was as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Gender** | **Board of Directors** | **Global Executive Leadership Team** | **All global<br>employees** |
| Male | 9 | 8 | 189 |
| Female | 1 | 1 | 40 |
| Non-Binary |  |  | 3 |
| Total at period end | 10 | 9 | 232 |

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The age range for our board of directors and global employee workforce at December 31, 2025, was as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Age range of directors and employees** | **Board of Directors** | **Global Executive Leadership Team** | **All global<br>employees** |
| 18 - 24 |  |  | 7 |
| 25 - 34 |  | 1 | 76 |
| 35 - 44 | 3 | 3 | 98 |
| 45 - 54 |  | 2 | 33 |
| 55 and over | 7 | 3 | 18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total at period end | 10 | 9 | 232 |

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Additionally, we gather ethnicity information on our U.S. employees, which at December 31, 2025, was as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Ethnicity** | **Board of Directors** | **Global Executive Leadership Team** | **All Global<br>employees** |
| African American or Black | 1 |  | 8 |
| Asian | 2 |  | 14 |
| Hispanic or Latinx | 2 | 2 | 12 |
| White (not Hispanic or Latino)<sup>(a)</sup> | 4 | 6 | 38 |
| Two or more races (not Hispanic or Latino) |  | 1 | 4 |
| Did not report | 1 |  | 156 |
| Total at period end | 10 | 9 | 232 |

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___________

(a) One member of the board of directors self-identifies as Middle Eastern and one member of the board of directors is on the U.S.-based Executive Leadership Team.

We seek to attract, develop, and retain a diverse workforce and are committed to advancing women and candidates from a broad range of backgrounds. We believe diverse perspectives strengthen our business and drive better outcomes for our customers, employees, and communities. FTC Solar is an equal opportunity employer and values inclusion at every level of the organization. At December 31, 2025, women held the following leadership positions within the Company:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Leadership positions held by women** | **Global** | **Global** |
| Women on the board of directors |  | 1 |
| Women on the compensation committee of the board of directors |  | 1 |
| Women on the nominating and governance committee of the board of directors |  | 1 |
| Women on the executive leadership team |  | 1 |
| Female managers |  | 10 |

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We use a mix of competitive base salary, performance-based equity compensation awards and other employee benefits to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified employees and executives. On a monthly basis, we hold update meetings involving all employees during which we recognize certain selected outstanding employees for that month and provide them with a financial bonus for their contributions to the Company.

The health and safety of our employees are also of primary concern. Many of our employees work remotely when feasible.

We encourage our employees to take appropriate precautions in accordance with guidance from public health organizations and in following company guidelines to protect their health and safety. Employees are expected to report all instances of unsafe working conditions or safety incidents that occur. We use the ISO 45001 framework to address occupational health and safety risks in the workplace, using best practices from international standards and regulatory agencies. We also provide training to employees on safety measures they are expected to follow, as well as providing appropriate personal protective equipment as needed. Our Executive Leadership Team frequently reviews and monitors safety statistics on our workforce and takes appropriate corrective action when necessary.

None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we consider relations with our employees to be good.

***Available information***

We disseminate information about the Company through required filings we make with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and, at our discretion, on our website at www.ftcsolar.com.

Information contained on or connected to our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report and should not be considered part of this Annual Report or other filings we make with the SEC. The SEC maintains a site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding reporting issuers. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K are filed electronically and are available free of charge at http://www.sec.gov. Additionally, these reports are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Paper copies may also be obtained at no cost upon request to our Chief Financial Officer at 10900 Stonelake Blvd., Suite 100, Quarry Oaks II Building, Austin, TX 78759 or by calling (512) 481-4271.

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**Item 1A. Risk Factors.**

*In conducting our business, we may face risks and uncertainties that may interfere with our business objectives. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, as well as all of the other information contained in this Annual Report, including "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The risks and uncertainties below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. The occurrence of any of the following risks, or others specified below, could materially and adversely affect our business, strategies, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In such case, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.*

**Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry**

***We have a history of losses that may continue in the future and have determined there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern; the demand for our products and related revenue depends on many factors beyond our control; we may not achieve profitability or generate positive cash flow; and we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on terms favorable to us.***

We have incurred cumulative losses since inception and have a history of cash outflows from operations, inclusive of $33.4 million in cash utilized for our operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2025. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, in addition to a $2.5 million principal repayment that we made on March 23, 2026, we also have agreed to repay under the Credit Agreement an additional $2.5 million of principal in May 2026 and an additional $5.0 million of principal during September 2026. As of December 31, 2025, we had cash on hand of $21.1 million, $29.5 million of working capital and a stockholders' deficit of $43.0 million.

As of December 31, 2025, in addition to our cash on hand and working capital, we had approximately $9.0 million of remaining capacity available for future sales of our common stock under an effective prospectus supplement to our ATM program. There can be no assurance regarding the price at which we will be able to sell such shares in the future, whether under the ATM program or other securities offerings, and any sales of our common stock under the ATM program or other securities offerings may be at prices that result in additional dilution to our existing stockholders.

Given these and other factors, including financial covenant requirements and principal repayment obligations in our Credit Agreement, as further discussed in Note 2, "Summary of significant accounting policies" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern during the next year.

Our ability to meet our liquidity needs over the next year is dependent upon (i) our cash on hand (subject to (x) required principal repayments of $2.5 million and $5.0 million during May 2026 and September 2026, respectively, under the Credit Agreement and (y) a $15.0 million minimum unrestricted cash covenant under the Credit Agreement effective for the quarter ending June 30, 2026 and as further reduced by required principal repayments under the Credit Agreement thereafter) and our compliance with the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement, (ii) our current expectations of increased project activity and cash flow during the twelve-month period following issuance of our consolidated financial statements, (iii) the availability of additional proceeds in the form of Second Delayed Draw Term Loans that may be requested by the Company and approved by the Lenders in their sole discretion, (iv) utilization, as appropriate, of the capacity available for future sales of our common stock under the ATM program, and (v) if we determine necessary, our ability to raise additional capital through other securities offerings. In addition, we continue to remain focused on implementing additional cost savings steps, which could impact, among other things, the location of our headcount and the level of services currently provided by third parties.

Additional information relating to our outstanding debt may be found in "Risks Related to Our Capital Strategy, Ownership of Our Common Stock, and Our Term Loans" below and under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Liquidity and going concern."

The demand for our products depends on many factors outside of our control, and we may not be able to grow our revenue as expected, or our revenue may decline for a number of reasons, including (i) delays in, or cancellation of, our customers' project development activity due to the inability of our customers to obtain (a) funding at an acceptable cost, (b) permits, (c) interconnection agreements, or (d) other matters; (ii) any slowdown in the level of investments in solar energy projects that may result from slowdowns in economic growth in the U.S. or outside of the

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U.S.; (iii) U.S. and global macroeconomic trends including with respect to (a) further increases in, or continued high levels of, governmental tariffs or restrictions on imports, (b) changes in interest rates and inflation, (c) changes to or the availability of tax credits or other governmental incentives available for solar project development or the manufacturing of solar components; (iv) a decline in demand for our offerings, or an increase in the cost of our offerings, including as a result of increases in the cost of or limited supplies of the raw materials necessary to produce our products and offerings; (v) increased competition; (vi) a lack of success in converting sales leads into binding purchase orders; (vii) loss of existing customers; (viii) our inability to sell software and other complementary products; (ix) a decrease in the growth of the solar industry or our market share, including as a result of potential increases in governmental support for other sources of energy production; (x) future decline in average selling prices of our products and services; (xi) our inability to enter certain international markets; (xii) technological changes or development that could render our products and services obsolete or uncompetitive; or, (xiii) our failure to capitalize on growth opportunities. Additionally, demand for our products may be impacted by the delays that have occurred in the integration of new solar resources due to interconnection queue study backlogs and the identified need for the construction of transmission grid upgrades. Further, regional Transmission Organizations have adopted metrics such as the effective load carrying capability metric used in the PJM Interconnection ("PJM") that impose low-capacity values on solar, and high values on baseload plants. PJM has offered an accelerated interconnection process that will prioritize generators with high effective load carrying capabilities, which may expedite the interconnection of thermal generation over renewable generation. Various locations have imposed limits on new renewable projects, which also could temper the level of new solar projects.

We may not achieve profitability or positive cash flow for a number of reasons, including declines in, or continued low levels of, revenue, as well as increases in costs to manufacture our products, U.S. and global macroeconomic trends, including with respect to the impact of U.S. tariffs and the imposition of additional duties or tariffs applicable to our industry or our products. In addition, we may be unable to identify further cost savings opportunities below present levels that would not adversely impact the functioning of our existing operations needed to meet customer and regulatory requirements. We also expect we could incur additional costs and expenses should activity levels increase from recent project wins that would allow us to continue to expand our business, including in connection with any future acquisitions, as well as ongoing development and marketing of our products and services, expanding into new markets and geographies with respect to both manufacturing and sales of our products, maintaining and enhancing our research and development operations, hiring additional personnel, incurring additional overhead costs and incurring greater costs from professional third-party advisors as necessary in connection with any expansion of our business. We do not know whether our revenue will grow rapidly enough to absorb such costs and expenses, or the extent of such costs and expenses and their impact on our results of operations. If we fail to generate sufficient revenue to support our operations, we may not be able to achieve profitability or generate sufficient cash flow to meet our financial obligations, and our liquidity position will be negatively impacted. Additionally, if we fail to comply with the covenants under the Credit Agreement, including the principal repayment obligations and financial covenants included in our Credit Agreement, as described above, we may default under the Credit Agreement and/or not have sufficient cash flow available to repay the Term Loans early, if they are accelerated following an event of default, or upon maturity of the Term Loans.

We may need to issue additional debt or obtain new equity financing to fund our operations and to execute on our current and future business strategies and plans. We may be unable to obtain any desired additional debt or equity financing on terms favorable to us, or at all, depending on, among other things, receiving required consents and approval from our existing lenders, the ability to issue other debt that is subordinate to the security interests under the Term Loans (or to obtain the consent of our lenders to issue additional secured debt), interest rates, our stock price, our market capitalization, the availability of or our ability to use our ATM program, our ability to have our stock continue to be listed and traded on active markets or other conditions. The ability to raise additional financing depends on numerous factors that are outside our control, including general economic and market conditions, interest rates, the health of financial institutions, investors' and lenders' assessments of our prospects and the prospects of the solar industry in general.

If we are not able to secure adequate additional funding when needed or do not generate sufficient cash from operations, we will need to reevaluate our operating plan and may be forced to make reductions in spending, extend payment terms with suppliers, liquidate assets where possible, or suspend or curtail planned programs. These actions could materially impact our business, results of operations and future prospects. There can be no assurance that in the event we require additional financing, such financing will be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all. Failure to generate sufficient cash from operations, raise additional capital, win new and retain current customers and vendors, or reduce certain discretionary spending would have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our intended business objectives.

For further discussion, see "[<u>Liquidity and Capital Resources</u>](#liquidity_capital_resources)" in Part II, Item 7 below.

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***Our dependence on a limited number of customers, the payment terms we agree to with such customers and the expected timing of customer project development activity may impair our ability to operate profitably.***

We have been dependent each year since our inception on a small number of customers who generate a significant portion of our business. During the year ended December 31, 2025, four customers accounted for approximately 28%, 20%, 18% and 12%, respectively, of total revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2024, four customers accounted for approximately 39%, 11%, 11% and 11%, respectively, of total revenue. Further, our trade accounts receivables are all from companies within or those that serve the solar industry. At December 31, 2025, three customers accounted for approximately 55% of our total receivables, including one customer that accounted for approximately 21% of our total receivables.

Our level of manufacturing and logistics activity, and thus our revenue, also can be significantly impacted by delays or changes in the expected timing of customer project development activity. In recent periods our customers have encountered delays in beginning or continuing project development caused by interconnection issues, including permit delays, equipment shortages, obtaining project financing at acceptable levels and addressing uncertainty in changes in government regulations, as described further below. Due to our limited number of large customers, such delays in project development activity can have a material impact on our consolidated financial results.

As a result, we may have difficulty operating profitably or generating positive cash flow if there is a delay or default in payment by any of our customers, we lose an existing order, an existing order or project is delayed, postponed or cancelled, or we are unable to generate new orders from new or existing customers. For example, in both 2025 and 2024, the timeline for constructing a number of projects that had been awarded to us was subsequently delayed after being awarded due to various reasons including delays by our customer in obtaining permits, interconnection agreements, project financing or other matters. In addition, we often make significant expenditures in fulfilling an order prior to being paid in full by our customer for such order, and therefore any delay or default in payment by a customer may result in our business, prospects, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations being materially adversely affected. Furthermore, to the extent that any one customer or a small number of customers continues to account for a large percentage of our revenue, the loss of any such customer or that customer's inability to meet its payment obligations could materially affect our ability to operate profitably. In certain circumstances we may not have sufficient recourse to recover our losses in full after a customer fails to meet its payment obligations. As an example, during 2024, we wrote off $8.9 million of uncollectible receivables relating to a specific customer that was unable to fully satisfy their payment obligations to us after selling their project to a new developer. Each period we recognize expected credit losses from our customers by taking into consideration historical experience and certain other factors, as appropriate, such as credit quality, current economic or other conditions and changes in project status that may affect a customer's ability to pay. Further information on our reserves for expected credit losses may be found in Note 5, "Accounts receivable, net" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report. We anticipate that our dependence on a limited number of customers in any given fiscal year, as well as being required to make significant expenditures in fulfilling an order prior to being paid in full by our customer for such order, will continue for the foreseeable future. There is always a risk that existing customers will elect not to do business with us in the future or will experience financial difficulties, and the nature of our business requires us to take credit risk on behalf of our customers. If we do not book more orders with existing customers, or develop relationships with new customers, we may not be able to increase, or even maintain, our revenue, and our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be materially adversely affected.

***We may invest in or acquire other companies or technologies, which could divert our management's attention, result in dilution to our stockholders, reduce our available cash that could be used for other purposes and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our results of operations.***

As described further in Note 3, "Acquisition and disposition" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, we acquired control of Alpha Steel, effective November 12, 2025. Prior to obtaining control, we outsourced all manufacturing activities to outside contract manufacturers. Although we have entered into a Transition Services and Management Agreement with the parent company of the Selling Members to continue to provide services to maintain the continued and uninterrupted operation of the Alpha Steel manufacturing line for a six-month transition period, and beyond under a management services arrangement, our efforts to fully integrate the activities of Alpha Steel may require (i) significant time and attention from management, (ii) result in additional operating costs and spending and, (iii) based on future activity levels from contracts with our customers, we may not be fully successful in our ability to operate Alpha Steel in a profitable manner. Additionally, failure to retain the know-how of key acquired employees of Alpha Steel could further hinder our efforts to operate Alpha Steel efficiently and in a profitable manner. Should we experience higher than expected activity levels, we could be required to make additional investments to expand Alpha Steel's production line capability.

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As part of our business strategy, we continually evaluate the benefits of additional investments in, or acquisitions of businesses and technologies as compared to internal development efforts. The identification of suitable investment or acquisition candidates can be difficult, time consuming and costly, and we may not be able to successfully complete newly identified investment opportunities or acquisitions, or successfully integrate new acquisitions such that they become long-term profitable operations. In connection with our Credit Agreement, such investments or acquisitions may also require lender approval before proceeding. The risks we face in connection with all such investments or acquisitions include, but are not limited to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•diversion of management time and focus from operating our business, as well as use of Company resources (including cash) to addressing acquisition integration challenges;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•retention of key employees from the acquired company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•failure to realize long-term value and synergies from investments or acquisitions;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•failure to realize incremental revenue or profit that was anticipated to result from investments or acquisitions;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•failure to synchronize and integrate the operations of an acquired company with our operations, including blending of corporate cultures;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•assumption of unanticipated liabilities for activities of an investee or the acquired company before the acquisition; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•litigation or other claims in connection with the acquisition, including claims from terminated employees, customers, former stockholders or other third parties.

Our failure to address these risks or other risks encountered in connection with currently completed or future investments and acquisitions could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of these investments or acquisitions and incur unanticipated liabilities, or otherwise harm our business.

***The market for our products and services is highly competitive and rapidly evolving, and we expect to face increased competition.***

Our solar tracker systems and other solar energy products and services are used primarily in utility-scale ground-mounted solar energy projects. As a result, our future success depends on continued demand for additional electricity generation involving use of utility-scale solar energy products and services and the ability of solar equipment manufacturers and suppliers to meet this demand. The solar industry is an evolving industry that has experienced substantial changes in recent years, and consumers and businesses ultimately may not continue to adopt solar energy as an alternative energy source at levels sufficient to grow our business. Some of the factors that may impact the demand for solar energy include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the cost competitiveness, reliability and performance of solar energy systems, including solar photovoltaic modules, compared to conventional and non-solar renewable energy sources and products, including the pricing, availability and lead times of transformers and other component parts used in solar energy systems, which may be impacted in the event of higher tariffs being applied;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•continued government support for alternative energy generation technologies and products, including the scale and scope of federal, state, local and foreign government subsidies and tax incentives to support the development and deployment of solar energy products;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•changes in expectations for new electricity demand associated with new data center constructions and assumptions regarding expansion of the use of artificial intelligence;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•changes in the price of electricity due to changes in the price of natural gas or other fuels, including government subsidies for those sources, which, if prices decline, could negatively impact the owners of solar energy projects or make the purchase of solar energy systems less economically attractive and would likely result in lower sales of our products and services;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•changes in the trade environment and tax treaties between the United States and other countries, such as China, as well as import tariffs and other laws and regulations that impact the ability to import our products or other products necessary for the construction of solar energy projects;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•investment by end-users of solar energy products, which tends to decrease when economic growth slows, or interest rates rise; and

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•changes in corporate sustainability goals, among other factors

The market for solar energy products and services is highly competitive with relatively low barriers to entry. We principally compete with other solar tracker equipment suppliers, as well as fixed-tilt suppliers. A number of companies have developed or are developing solar tracker systems and other products and services that compete or will compete directly with our products and services in the utility-scale solar energy market. Competitors in the solar tracker market include, among others, Array Technologies, Inc., GameChange Solar, Nextpower Inc. and PVH. In addition, there are numerous private company competitors, both domestically and internationally. We expect competition to continue to intensify as new competitors enter the market and existing competitors attempt to increase their market shares.

Several of our existing and potential competitors are significantly larger than we are and may have greater financial, marketing, manufacturing, distribution and customer support resources, as well as broader brand recognition and greater market penetration, especially in certain markets. For example, certain of our competitors have greater capacity and ability to manufacture their products in the United States, which can provide a competitive advantage. In addition, our competitors' existing or future products may result in higher energy production and lower cost of energy for the solar energy projects to which they are deployed, either broadly or in certain conditions. Some of our competitors have more resources and experience in developing or acquiring new products and technologies and creating market awareness for these offerings, as well as more established customer relationships due to their longer operating histories. Because we are a newer participant in the solar tracker market, both in the United States and globally compared to some of our competitors, it is essential that we acquire market share from our competitors, and our failure to do so could impact our ability to continue to grow our business.

Further, technological advances in the tracker industry are developing rapidly and certain competitors may be able to develop or deploy new products and services more quickly than we can, or that are more reliable or that provide more functionality than ours. For example, we intend to continue to develop and deploy new products that can withstand higher wind speeds, are more adaptable to irregular site boundaries and undulating terrain and can better support larger format panels; however, our competitors may do so more quickly or effectively. In addition, some of our competitors have the financial resources to offer competitive products at aggressive pricing levels, which could cause us to lose sales or market share, or prevent us from gaining sales or market share, or require us to lower prices for our products and services to compete effectively. If we have to reduce our prices, or if we are unable to offset any future reductions in our average selling prices by increasing our sales volume, reducing our costs and expenses, or introducing new products and services, our revenue and gross profit would suffer.

We also may face competition from some of our customers or potential customers or other participants in the solar energy industry who evaluate our capabilities against the merits of manufacturing products internally or as a complementary offering to their other products. For example, solar panel manufacturers or project developers could develop or acquire competing technology and, in the case of project developers, use such technology in their solar energy projects. Due to the fact that such customers may not seek to make a profit directly from the manufacture of these products, they may have the ability to manufacture competitive products at a lower cost than we would charge such customers. As a result, our customers or potential customers may purchase fewer of our systems or sell products that compete with our systems, which would negatively impact our revenue and gross profit.

Any failure by us to develop or adopt new or enhanced technologies or processes, or to adapt or react to changes in existing technologies, could result in product obsolescence, the loss of competitiveness of our products, including offering lower cost savings or return on investment relative to competing products, decreased revenue and a loss of market share to competitors. For example, at inception of the company, our primary product offering was a 2P tracker solution. As a result of UFLPA and AD/CVD regulations, among other factors, which impacted imports of solar modules from international locations, we experienced a decline in demand from customers in recent years for 2P tracker solutions in favor of 1P tracker solutions which limited the potential projects and markets to which we could sell our products. We introduced our 1P tracker solution in the second half of 2023 and have seen increasing demand for that product offering. However, if our 1P tracker solution does not achieve broader market acceptance, future demand for our 1P tracker solution, in addition to our 2P tracker solution, may not grow at levels expected or required for us to increase our revenue to a level to be profitable.

Broad market acceptance for our products and services may be affected by a number of factors, including:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our ability to produce solar tracker systems that compete favorably against other products on the basis of price, quality, cost of installation, overall cost savings, reliability and performance;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our ability to timely introduce new products and complete new designs, and qualify and certify our products;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•whether project developers, solar asset owners, EPC contractors and solar financing providers will continue to adopt and finance our solar tracker systems and other products and services, including as a result of the quality, reliability and performance of our tracker systems that are in operation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the ability of prospective customers to obtain financing, including tax equity financing, for solar energy installations using our products on acceptable terms or at all;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our ability to develop products and related processes that comply with local standards and regulatory requirements, as well as local content requirements; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with our customers and contract manufacturers.

The ability of our customers to obtain project financing on acceptable terms may be impacted by (i) current interest rates, which remain at elevated levels in relation to rates of several years ago, (ii) further increases in interest rates, (iii) increased inflation, or (iv) a reduction in the supply of, or change in the market terms offered for project debt or tax equity financing, or regulatory restrictions on lenders. The inability of our customers to obtain timely and acceptable project financing has in the past had, and could continue to have, a material adverse effect on our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.

Our reputation and our relationship with our customers are paramount to us, and we have invested heavily in building a brand and solutions associated with high quality, differentiated product offerings and strong customer service. We believe that maintaining the quality of our products and the strength of our reputation is critical to our existing customer relationships and our ability to win new customers and maintain and enhance our market acceptance. Any negative publicity can adversely affect our reputation, and may arise from many sources, including actual or alleged misconduct, errors or improper business practices by employees, officers or current or former directors, including for activities external to FTC Solar, employee claims against us, product defects or failures, future litigation or regulatory actions, matters affecting our financial reporting or compliance with SEC or exchange listing requirements, media coverage, whether accurate or not, governance lapses or workplace misconduct. In addition, we and our officers, directors and/or employees could be involved in future litigation or claims which could result in negative publicity and adversely impact our business, even if without merit. Any such reputational damage could reduce demand for our products, undermine the loyalty of our customers or reduce our ability to attract new customers and recruit and retain employees, and adversely impact our ability to increase our market share and revenue.

***Defects or quality or performance problems in our products could result in loss of customers, reputational damage and decreased revenue, and we may face warranty, indemnity and product liability claims arising from defective products.***

Although we set stringent quality standards for our products, they may contain errors or defects, especially when first introduced or when new generations are released. Errors, defects or poor performance can arise due to design flaws, defects in raw materials or components, manufacturing difficulties and quality control failures, which can affect both the quality and the yield of the product. Any actual or perceived errors, defects or poor performance in our products could result in replacements or recalls, remediation requests and warranty claims, shipment delays, rejection of our products, damage to our reputation, lost revenue, diversion of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts, diversion of our sales personnel from sales efforts and increases in customer service and support costs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, defective products may give rise to warranty, indemnity, product liability, liquidated damages or other contractual claims against us that exceed any revenue or profit we receive from the affected products, including claims for damages related to aspects or components of a solar energy project that go beyond the scope of our product offerings. Our limited warranties cover defects in materials and workmanship of our products. As a result, we bear the risk of warranty claims long after we have sold products and recognized revenue. When historical claims information relating to our equipment is not sufficient, we will base our estimates of our expected warranty obligations on industry studies involving the nature and frequency of product failure rates for similar parts used by our competitors, as well as other related businesses. As a result, our assumptions could prove to be materially different from the warranty obligations that we may be required to compensate customers for in the case of defective products. Our failure to accurately predict future warranty claims could result in unexpected volatility in, and have a material adverse effect on, our financial condition. In addition, while we seek to support our warranty obligations with warranties from our contract manufacturers, such warranties may not be of the same scope as our warranty obligations, or we may not be able to effectively enforce our rights thereunder.

If one of our products were to cause injury to someone or cause property damage, including as a result of product malfunctions, defects or improper installation, then we could be exposed to product liability claims. We could incur

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significant costs and liabilities if we are sued and if damages are awarded against us, which could far exceed the revenue we recognize in connection with the related project. Further, any product liability claim we face could be expensive to defend and could divert management's attention. The successful assertion of a product liability claim against us could result in potentially significant monetary damages, penalties or fines, subject us to adverse publicity, damage our reputation and competitive position and adversely affect sales of our products. In addition, product liability claims, injuries, defects or other problems experienced by other companies in the solar energy industry could lead to unfavorable market conditions for the industry as a whole and may have an adverse effect on our ability to attract new customers, thus harming our growth and financial performance.

***We invest significant time, resources and management attention to identifying and developing project leads that are subject to our sales and marketing focus, and if we are unsuccessful in converting such project leads (or awarded orders) into binding purchase orders, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.***

The commercial contracting and bidding process for solar project development is long and has multiple steps and uncertainties. We closely monitor the development of potential sales leads through this process. Project leads may not be converted into binding purchase orders at any stage of the bidding process because either (i) a competitor's product is selected to fulfill some or all of the order due to price, functionality or other reasons or (ii) the project does not progress to the stage involving the purchase of tracker systems. In addition, there is a risk that an awarded order (which is an order for which we are in the process of documenting a contract but for which a contract has not yet been signed, or that have been awarded in writing or verbally with a mutual understanding that the order will be contracted in the future) will not be converted into a binding purchase order, or the time for converting such awarded order to a binding purchase order will be longer than expected. In particular, we have seen awarded orders take a longer period of time than expected to convert to binding purchase orders, and expect this trend to continue in the future in respect of currently awarded orders and future awarded orders, as a result of developers deferring projects due to the inability to obtain project financing, permitting or interconnection agreements, uncertainty of panel supply, costs related to UFLPA and AD/CVD enforcement actions, as described elsewhere, regulation uncertainty, including related to changes, if any, to the IRA, as well as other factors that impact the project development timeline of our customers. Such factors have had a material negative impact in our 2025 and 2024 revenue and cash flows and may continue to negatively impact our anticipated revenue and our cash flows in 2026. There is also a risk that an awarded order once converted to a binding purchase order will not be subject to the same pricing or timeline as we originally anticipated, or that a customer will subsequently seek to amend, terminate or otherwise breach a purchase order that has been received due to a customer not being able to comply with, or requiring a modification to, terms related to pricing or timeline in such purchase order. In addition, in certain circumstances we receive a purchase order that does not include binding pricing or a firm timeline for product delivery and payment terms, and will require a subsequent change order in order to document such items. In these circumstances, there is a risk that such a change order will not be entered into, will be entered into on a date that is later than expected, or will be entered into on terms that are unfavorable to us, which in either cases could impact the amount of our revenue or the timing thereof. In 2025 and 2024, we have seen customers seek amendments or modifications to purchase orders, and have also seen customers breach their obligations under purchase orders, as a result of customers being unable to meet timing and payment obligations due to developers deferring projects for the reasons stated above, which have negatively impacted our 2025 and 2024 revenue and cash flows and may continue to negatively impact our anticipated revenue and our cash flow in 2026. If we fail to convert a significant number of project leads that are subject to our sales and marketing focus (or awarded orders) into binding purchase orders, or the time for converting awarded orders to a binding purchase order is longer than expected, or the pricing and timing in binding purchase orders is not as favorable to us as originally anticipated in the awarded order, or a purchase order has to be subsequently amended or supplemented on account of changes or additions related to pricing or product delivery, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

***Due to the seasonality of construction in the United States, our results of operations may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, which could make our future performance difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations for a particular period to fall below expectations, resulting in a decline in the price of our common stock.***

Our quarterly results of operations are difficult to predict and may fluctuate significantly in the future. Because a substantial majority of our sales are concentrated in the U.S. market, we have experienced to a certain extent seasonal and quarterly fluctuations in the past as a result of seasonal fluctuations in our customers' businesses, although we believe such impacts to date have not been material. Additionally, our end-users' ability to install solar energy systems is affected by weather. For example, during the winter months in cold-weather climates in the United States, construction may be delayed in order to let the ground thaw to reduce costs. Such installation delays can impact the

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timing of orders for our products. We have expanded into areas with traditionally warmer climates which has resulted in less pronounced seasonal variations in our revenue profile, and we expect this trend to continue as we continue to expand into such areas.

The true extent of historic fluctuations due to the seasonality of construction may have been masked by recent impacts from project delays, tariffs, import restrictions and other regulatory issues, as well as inflation and fluctuations in costs associated with our supply chain and consequently may not be readily apparent from our historical results of operations and may be difficult to predict. Any substantial decrease in revenue would have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and stock price.

***Our success in providing panel agnostic versions of our solar tracker systems will depend in part upon our ability to continue to work closely with leading solar panel manufacturers.***

We have expanded our Voyager tracker portfolio into ULFMs and U.S. thin-film modules to accommodate different customer solar installations. We also improved the resilience of the trackers by increasing wind speed tolerance up to 150 miles per hour.

In addition, our Pioneer 1P solar tracker solution leverages technological advantages of Voyager and provides what we believe to be numerous cost savings benefits to our customers relative to other 1P solutions including faster assembly capability, a reduced pile count and embedment depth, and higher slope tolerance. We have continued to broaden compatibility options for Pioneer, including for ULFMs and the newest Series 7 U.S. thin-film modules, as well as additional foundation options, like screw piles.

The market success of our panel agnostic tracker solutions will depend in part on our ability to continue to work closely with solar panel manufacturers to design solar tracker systems that are compatible with their solar panels. The solar panel manufacturer market is large and diversified, with many market participants, and we may not be able to effectively work with all necessary solar panel manufacturers on the development of such compatible tracker solutions for a variety of reasons, including differences in marketing or selling strategy, our available financial resources, competitive considerations, engineering challenges, lack of competitive pricing and technological compatibility. In addition, our ability to form effective partnerships with solar panel manufacturers may be adversely affected by the substantial challenges faced by many of these manufacturers due to declining prices and revenue from sales of solar panels and increased tariffs in the United States.

***We plan to continue expanding into additional international markets, which will expose us to additional regulatory, economic, political, reputational and competitive risks.***

We have been, and plan to continue, expanding our operations to other countries, which requires significant resources and management attention and subjects us to regulatory, economic, political and competitive risks in addition to those we already face in the United States. As an example, we launched commercial activity in the India market during 2025. There are significant risks and costs inherent in doing business in international markets, including:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•difficulty in establishing and managing international operations, including establishment of local customer service operations and local sales operations, and the associated legal compliance costs;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•risks related to the usage of international sales representatives, who we do not presently engage but may in the future, who would not be our employees and would not be under our direct control, including legal compliance risks and reputational risks;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•acceptance of our current tracker systems or other solar energy products and services in markets in which they have not traditionally been used;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•price declines in solar panels in certain geographic regions, such as the European Union, which can make our offerings less competitive;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our ability to accurately forecast product demand and manage manufacturing capacity and production;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•willingness of our potential customers to incur a higher upfront capital investment for Voyager or Pioneer than may be required for competing fixed-tilt ground-mounted systems;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our ability to obtain timely qualification and certification of new products in new markets and subsequent adoption challenges, including overcoming potentially higher upfront capital investments compared to competing fixed-tilt ground-mounted systems;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our ability to reduce production costs to price our products competitively;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•availability of government subsidies and economic incentives for solar energy products and services;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our ability to protect and enforce intellectual property rights abroad;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•compliance with sanctions laws and anti-bribery laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), by us, our employees, our sales representatives and our business partners;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•import and export controls and restrictions and changes in trade regulations;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•tariffs and other non-tariff barriers, tax consequences and local content requirements;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•fluctuations in currency exchange rates and the requirements of currency control regulations, which might restrict or prohibit conversion of other currencies into U.S. dollars; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•political or social unrest, military conflict or economic instability in a specific country or region in which we operate.

We have limited experience with certain international regulatory environments and market practices and may not be able to penetrate or successfully operate in the markets we may choose to enter or have entered or otherwise effectively mitigate the regulatory, economic, political, reputational and competitive risks that are inherent when operating in such environments. In addition, we may incur significant expenses as a result of our international expansion, and we may not be successful. For example, we have made investments into the European, Indian, South African and Asian markets but are yet to realize material revenue from customers in such markets, and we typically anticipate that we will not realize material revenue from customers in new markets until significant time and expense has been invested, and in some cases we may not realize material revenue at all despite making such investments. Our failure to successfully manage these risks could harm our international operations and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

***If we fail to retain key personnel or if we fail to attract additional qualified personnel, we may not be able to achieve our anticipated level of growth, and our business could suffer.***

Our future success and ability to implement our business strategy depends, in part, on our ability to attract and retain key personnel, and on the continued contributions of members of our senior management team and key technical personnel, each of whom it would be difficult to replace. All of our employees, including our senior management, are free to terminate their employment relationships with us at any time. Competition for highly skilled individuals with technical expertise is extremely intense in our industry, and we face challenges identifying, hiring and retaining qualified personnel in many areas of our business. Additionally, as discussed further in Note 4, "Reduction in force" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, we made workforce reductions in the fourth quarter of 2024 and in the first quarter of 2025 in response to adverse market conditions and to take advantage of process efficiencies we had gained in previous years.

During 2025, we added Kent James to our executive leadership team as our Chief Commercial Officer for North America. We also added Tony Alvarez, Anthony Carroll, Darrell Jackson and Maximillian Sultan to our Board of Directors.

As a result of new awards received, we began to increase our workforce again during 2025. Integrating new employees into our team may be disruptive to our operations, requiring substantial resources and management attention and ultimately prove unsuccessful. Any inability to retain our current senior management and other key personnel or to attract additional qualified personnel could limit or delay our strategic efforts, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

***We may not have sufficient insurance coverage to cover business continuity and cybersecurity incidents.***

In addition to Alpha Steel, we also rely on a limited number of contract manufacturers and, as a result, a sustained or repeated interruption in the manufacturing of our products by such internal and outsourced manufacturers due to fire, flood, war, pandemic or natural disasters, and/or an interruption in the provision of the required components for our business by these manufacturers may interfere with our ability to sell our products to our customers in a timely manner. Additionally, we also insure against losses due to cybersecurity incidents. The nature of our business and our size makes it difficult to insure some or all of the possible harms that could result if we fail to sell and deliver our products in a timely manner or incur significant costs from a cybersecurity incident, which may adversely affect our financial results. See further information below under "Risks Related to Information Technology and Data Privacy" with regard to risks we face from cybersecurity incidents.

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**Risks Related to Our Capital Strategy, Our Credit Agreement and Ownership of Our Common Stock**

***The terms and covenants, including financial covenants, set forth in the Credit Agreement could restrict our business. In addition, our operations may not provide sufficient cash to meet the repayment obligations under the Credit Agreement or to satisfy the minimum cash, revenue, purchase order and other financial covenants that apply to the Company under the Credit Agreement. If we default under the Credit Agreement, including breaches of the financial covenants, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected, including, without limitation, as a result of the reclassification of the term loan balances under the Credit Agreement from long-term debt to current or the Lenders' exercise of their rights under the Credit Agreement, including the requirement that the Company reasonably cooperate in good faith with the Lenders to pursue alternative strategic transactions, in the case of a breach of the financial covenants, or the Lender's foreclosure on their first priority security interest in substantially all of our assets.***

In addition to the obligation to repay the principal amount of the Credit Agreement and related interest, the Credit Agreement includes obligations to repay $2.5 million of principal in May 2026 and an additional $5.0 million of principal in September 2026, respectively, customary affirmative and negative covenants, such as restrictions on our business activities, including debt incurrence, asset dispositions, distributions, and investments. The Credit Agreement also includes the financial covenants summarized in this Annual Report under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Liquidity and going concern" in Part II, Item 7 below, including with respect to minimum unrestricted cash requirements, minimum quarterly revenue thresholds, minimum direct tracker margin requirements, minimum consolidated EBITDA requirements, and minimum purchase order thresholds. The Credit Agreement is also subject to certain customary events of default and other event of default provisions that can be triggered by, among other things: (i) breach of payment obligations and other obligations and representations in the Credit Agreement or other loan documents; (ii) default under other material indebtedness of the Company and its subsidiaries; (iii) breach of the covenants, including the financial covenants, set forth in the Credit Agreement; (iv) commencement of certain involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or voluntary bankruptcy proceedings involving the Company and its subsidiaries, (v) one or more judgments, penalties or fines are rendered against the Company, its subsidiaries, including Alpha Steel, in excess of $500,000 (subject to certain exceptions and qualifications) or that involve an injunction that could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse effect on the Company; (vi) the New Warrants and related documents are not in full force and effect or the Company defaults in the performance of its obligations under the New Warrants and related documents; or (vii) there is a change in control of the Company.

Additionally, the availability of, and the Lenders' obligations to fund, the additional $37.5 million of Second Delayed Draw Term Loans under the Credit Agreement is subject to, among other conditions, approval by the Lenders in their sole discretion. We may not be able to comply with the covenants applicable to us as of the quarter ending March 31, 2026 or in future quarterly or annual periods if we do not otherwise generate sufficient new orders, revenue and cash flows from our operating activities or secure other financing.

If we are not able to satisfy our obligations under the Credit Agreement, including compliance with the affirmative, negative and financial covenants applicable to the Company, or if there are events of defaults under the Credit Agreement, we may be required to reclassify the term loan balances under the Credit Agreement from long-term debt to current, and the Lenders will have various rights under the Credit Agreement, including the right to foreclose on their first priority security interest relating to substantially all of our assets to the exclusion of our general unsecured creditors. Additionally, if we default on the financial covenants, the Credit Agreement effectively requires us to reasonably cooperate in good faith with the Lenders to pursue strategic alternative transactions (including potential sale transactions), which may or may not result in sufficient proceeds to pay off the obligations under the Credit Agreement and also generate a return to our stockholders. If the Lenders pursue foreclosure, any such foreclosure would have a material and adverse impact on our business.

Additionally, while the obligations under the Credit Agreement are outstanding, the security interest granted to the Lenders and the other terms and conditions imposed by the Term Loans may limit our flexibility in raising capital. Given the security interest granted in favor of the Lenders under the Credit Agreement in our assets (and the guarantees provided by our subsidiaries), we are constrained in our ability to incur additional secured indebtedness or to sell, transfer or dispose of our assets to raise capital without the Lenders' consent, which could have an adverse impact on our financial flexibility.

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***A substantial number of shares of our common stock are issuable under the New Warrants and, if the New Warrants are exercised, they will have a dilutive impact, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline.***

New Warrants exercisable for up to 6,836,237 shares of our common stock were issued to the Lenders in connection with the transactions relating to the Credit Agreement, which would equal approximately 30.5% of our outstanding shares (based on 15,585,198 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 20, 2026 and assuming the full exercise of the New Warrants). As a result, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders would be correspondingly reduced upon the exercise of the New Warrants. The issuance of shares of our common stock upon the exercise of the New Warrants could also have a dilutive effect on our book value per share and future earnings per share. In addition, the sale and any future sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could adversely affect the price of our common stock. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that market sales of those shares of common stock or the availability of those shares of common stock for sale will have on the market price of our common stock.

***We do not intend to apply for any listing of the New Warrants on any exchange or nationally recognized trading system, and we do not expect a market to develop for the unregistered New Warrants.*** 

We do not intend to apply for any listing of the New Warrants on Nasdaq or any other securities exchange or nationally recognized trading system, and we do not expect a market to develop for the New Warrants. Without an active market, the liquidity of the New Warrants will be limited. Further, the existence of the New Warrants may act to reduce both the trading volume and the trading price of our common stock.

***Certain provisions of the New Warrants could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.*** 

Certain provisions of the New Warrants could discourage a third party from acquiring us. In the event of a "change of control" of the Company, a holder of New Warrants may, at its option, elect to exercise its New Warrants or exercise a repurchase option that requires the Company to repurchase its New Warrants upon the consummation of the change of control transaction for a cash amount equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the New Warrants). These and other provisions of the New Warrants offered by this prospectus could discourage a third party from acquiring us even where the acquisition could be beneficial to you.

***There may be future issuances of new shares of our common stock under our ATM program or other dilution of our equity, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.*** 

We have an existing program that allows for the sale of newly issued shares of our common stock in "At the Market" transactions.

Sales during 2025 of newly issued shares of our common stock under the ATM program were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31, 2025** | **Year ended December 31, 2025** |
|  | **Number of shares** | **Value ($000's)** |
| Sales of newly issued shares of common stock | 452838 | $4710 |
| Less: fees incurred |  | (122) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net proceeds received | 452838 | $4588 |

---

We had no sales under our ATM program during 2024.

At December 31, 2025, approximately $9.0 million remained available for sale under an existing sale agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC, as sales agent, and the offering prospectus relating to the ATM program. There can be no assurance regarding the price at which we will be able to sell such shares in the future, and any sales of our common stock under the ATM program or other securities offerings may be at prices that result in additional dilution to our existing stockholders and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

***Our stock price has been volatile and may continue to be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares of common stock at or above the price you paid.***

Our stock price has fluctuated in the past and may continue to be volatile and subject to significant fluctuations in the future. The price of our common stock may change in response to fluctuations in our results of operations in future periods and also may change in response to other factors, including factors specific to companies in our industry. As a result, our share price may experience significant volatility and may not necessarily reflect the value of our expected performance. Among other factors that could affect our stock price are:

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•defaults on our obligations under the Credit Agreement, including, without limitation, any resulting reclassification of the term loan balances under the Credit Agreement from long-term debt to current and the impacts of the Lenders' exercise of their rights under the Credit Agreement following a default or event of default;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•changes in laws or regulations applicable to our industry or offerings;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•speculation about our business in the press or investment community;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•volatility in the market price and trading volume of companies in our industry or companies that investors consider comparable;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•share price and volume fluctuations attributable to inconsistent trading levels of our common stock;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights and to avoid infringement, misappropriation or violation of the intellectual property and other proprietary rights of third parties or claims by third parties of such infringement, misappropriation or violation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•sales of our common stock by us or our principal stockholders, officers and directors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the sustainability of an active trading market for our common stock;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•success of competitive products or services;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the public's response to press releases or other public announcements by us or others, including our filings with the SEC, announcements relating to litigation or significant changes in our key personnel;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of debt or equity securities, including future issuances under the ATM program;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our entry into new markets;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•tax and tariff developments in the U.S. or other markets, including issuance of new tariffs;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•changes in accounting principles.

Further, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In addition, the stock prices of many renewable energy companies have experienced wide fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as inflation, recessions, interest rate changes or international currency fluctuations, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. As a result, you may not be able to resell any of your shares of our common stock at or above the price paid.

***The price of our common stock could decline if securities analysts do not publish research or if securities analysts or other third parties publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us.***

Our stock price and trading volume are heavily influenced by the way analysts and investors interpret our financial information and other disclosures. If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, delay publishing reports about our business, or publish negative reports about our business, regardless of accuracy, our common stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock depends, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. Currently, a limited number of analysts cover our company. If the number of analysts that cover us declines, demand for our common stock could decrease and our common stock price and trading volume may decline.

Even if our common stock is actively covered by analysts, we do not have any control over the analysts or the measures that analysts or investors may rely upon to forecast our future results. Over-reliance by analysts or investors on any particular metric to forecast our future results may result in forecasts that differ significantly from our own.

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***An active, liquid trading market for our common stock may not be sustained.***

An active public market for our common stock may not be sustained. If an active and liquid trading market is not sustained, you may have difficulty selling or may not be able to sell any of the shares of our common stock that you purchase. Further, as a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the liquidity of the trading market for our common stock was further reduced.

***We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.***

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to declare or pay any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws and other agreements, including restrictions in our Credit Agreement, after taking into account our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. As a result, capital appreciation in the price of our common stock, if any, may be your only source of gain on an investment in our common stock.

***Our directors, executive officers, principal stockholders and holders of our New Warrants will continue to have significant influence over our company, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.***

Our directors, executive officers and each of our 5% stockholders and their affiliates, including the holders of our New Warrants, in the aggregate, would beneficially own approximately 51% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, assuming exercise and settlement of all warrants had occurred as of December 31, 2025. The New Warrants are exercisable at any time through July 21, 2035, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. As a result, these stockholders and holders of our New Warrants, if acting together, would be able to significantly influence or control matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers, acquisitions or other extraordinary transactions. They may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree, and which may be adverse to your interests. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

***Anti-takeover provisions in our governing documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and depress the market price of our common stock.***

Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our board of directors. Among others, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include the following provisions:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•a staggered board, which means that our board of directors is classified into three classes of directors with staggered three-year terms;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•limitations on convening special stockholder meetings, which could make it difficult for our stockholders to adopt desired governance changes;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•advance notice procedures, which apply for stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring matters before an annual meeting of stockholders;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which means that our stockholders will only be able to take action at a meeting of stockholders;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•a forum selection clause, which means certain litigation against us can only be brought in Delaware;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•no authorization of cumulative voting, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•directors will only be able to be removed for cause;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•certain amendments to our certificate of incorporation will require the approval of two-thirds of the then outstanding voting power of our capital stock;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the then outstanding voting power of our capital stock, voting as a single class, is required for stockholders to amend or adopt any provision of our bylaws; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the authorization of undesignated or "blank check" preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without further action by our stockholders.

In addition, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law ("DGCL"), which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in a broad range of business combinations with any "interested" stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder becomes an "interested" stockholder.

Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

***Our governing documents also provide that the Delaware Court of Chancery will be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders and federal district courts will be the sole and exclusive forum for Securities Act claims, which could limit our stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.***

***We are an "emerging growth company" as defined in the JOBS Act and a "smaller reporting company", based on regulations promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and have taken advantage of certain of the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to both which may make our common stock less attractive to investors.***

We are an "emerging growth company," as defined in the JOBS Act. Additionally, we meet the definition of a "smaller reporting company" pursuant to regulations promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. As such, we are not required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we have reduced disclosure obligations regarding certain financial information and executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and we are exempt from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Additionally, as an emerging growth company, we have elected to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies. As such, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. Investors may find our shares of common stock less attractive because we rely on these provisions. If some investors find our shares of common stock less attractive as a result of the foregoing, there may be a less active trading market for our shares, and our share price may be more volatile.

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***If we experience material weaknesses or otherwise fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting in the future, our ability to timely and accurately report our financial condition and results of operations or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired, which may adversely affect investor confidence in us and, as a result, the market price of our common stock.***

As a public company, our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

If we experience material weaknesses or otherwise fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, a failure to remediate those material weaknesses could prohibit us from producing timely and accurate financial statements, which may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and we could become subject to litigation or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

**Risks Related to Government Regulations and Legal Compliance**

***The reduction, elimination or expiration of government incentives for, or regulations mandating the use of, as well as corporate commitments to the use of, renewable energy and solar energy specifically could reduce demand for solar energy systems and harm our business.***

Federal, state, local and foreign government bodies provide incentives to owners, end-users, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers of solar energy systems to promote solar electricity in the form of rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives such as system performance payments, payments of renewable energy credits associated with renewable energy generation and manufacturing of specific solar components, as well as exclusions of solar energy systems from property tax assessments.

The most notable incentive program impacting our U.S. business has historically been the ITC for solar energy projects, which allows taxpayers to offset their U.S. federal income tax liability by a certain percentage of their cost basis in solar energy systems placed in service for commercial use, subject to compliance with applicable prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 ("IRA"), passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by then-President Biden on August 16, 2022, expanded and extended the tax credits and other tax benefits available to solar energy projects and the solar energy supply chain. U.S. manufacturers of specific solar components also became eligible to claim production tax credits under Section 45X of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which was established as part of the IRA and is a per-unit tax credit earned for each clean energy component manufactured domestically and sold by a manufacturer. Our acquisition of Alpha Steel allows us to continue for a longer period of time to obtain benefits of lower product costs as a result of the production tax credit program.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which accelerates the phase-outs and terminations of various eligible federal tax credits enacted as part of the IRA and places restrictions on continued receipt of tax credits by specified foreign entities and foreign influenced entities.

The reduction, elimination or expiration of government incentives for, or regulations mandating the use of, as well as corporate commitments to the use of renewable energy and solar energy specifically, could reduce demand for solar energy systems and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, similar incentives may exist in, or be developed outside of, the United States, which could impact demand for our products and services as we expand our business into foreign jurisdictions. For example, a feed-in-tariff ("FIT") is a type of incentive that pays owners of renewable energy systems, including solar energy systems, a certain amount per unit of electricity they generate and provide to the grid. While FITs are relatively rare as a solar policy mechanism in the United States, they are more common internationally. Our international customers and end-users may have access to FITs, tax deductions and grants toward equipment purchases. Our ability to successfully penetrate new geographic markets may depend on new countries adopting, to the extent such incentives are not currently in place, and maintaining such incentives to promote solar generated electricity.

The range and duration of these incentives vary widely by jurisdiction. Our customers typically use our systems for utility scale grid-connected electric power generation projects that sell solar power under a power purchase agreement or into an organized electric market. This segment of the solar industry has historically depended in large part on the availability and size of government incentives and regulations mandating the use of renewable energy.

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Consequently, the reduction, elimination or expiration of government incentives for grid-connected solar electricity or regulations mandating the use of renewable energy may negatively affect the competitiveness of solar electricity relative to conventional and non-solar renewable sources of electricity, and could harm or halt the growth of the solar electricity industry and our business. These subsidies and incentives may expire (i) on a particular date, (ii) when the allocated funding is exhausted or may be reduced or terminated as solar energy adoption rates increase or as a result of legal challenges, (iii) upon the adoption of new statutes or regulations or (iv) with the passage of time. These reductions or terminations may occur without warning, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Corporate social responsibility efforts, such as net zero emission pledges, have fostered private sector investment in solar energy systems in recent years. To the extent that these corporate policies are redirected away from renewable energy in general or solar energy in particular, our business, financial condition, results of operation and cash flows may be negatively impacted.

In addition, federal, state, local and foreign government bodies have implemented various policies that are intended to promote renewable electricity generally or solar electricity in particular. RPS are a set of policies designed to increase the use of renewable energy sources for electricity generation. In general, RPS set a minimum requirement for the share of electricity supply that comes from designated renewable energy resources by a certain date or year. In the United States, while there is no federal legislation implementing RPS, over half of the states have implemented their own RPS policies with some setting ambitious targets of 50% or even 100% of electric power coming from renewable energy sources by specific dates. A common feature of RPS policies is a renewable electricity credit trading system that reduces the cost to comply with the RPS.

The cost of solar power may exceed retail electricity rates from other sources. Electric utility companies or generators of electricity from other non-solar renewable sources of electricity may successfully lobby for changes in the relevant legislation in their markets that are harmful to the solar industry. Furthermore, Regional Transmission Organizations and electric utility companies may continue to pursue market rules, pricing structures or interconnection requirements that could adversely affect our sales and be harmful to the solar generation industry.

***Changes in the U.S. trade environment, including the imposition of import tariffs, could adversely affect the amount or timing of our revenue, results of operations or cash flows.***

Trade policies and international disputes at times result in increased tariffs, trade barriers and other restrictive measures. In particular, China and the United States have imposed significant tariffs on imports of goods from each other's respective countries in recent years. These developments and any further tariff increases could potentially impact our suppliers' hardware component prices and impact any plans to provide services in China and other international markets. These developments could have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets.

China is a major producer of solar cells and other solar products. Certain solar cells, modules, laminates and panels from China are subject to tariffs imposed by the United States. Tariffs on solar cells, modules and inverters from China may put upwards pressure on prices of energy products in other countries.

On April 1, 2022, the U.S. Department of Commerce, in response to a petition by Auxin, published a notice initiating the Solar Circumvention Investigation relating to alleged circumvention of AD/CVD by solar manufacturers in certain Southeast Asian countries. On June 6, 2022, President Biden issued an Executive Order allowing U.S. solar deployers to import solar modules and cells from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam free from certain duties for 24 months, along with other incentives designed to accelerate U.S. domestic production of clean energy technologies. This moratorium ended in June 2024. The U.S. International Trade Administration and the U.S. International Trade Commission completed a sunset review in October 2024 and decided to continue existing AD/CVD orders on CSPV cells/modules from China resulting in longstanding China tariffs remaining in force. In April 2025, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued final determinations concluding that producers and exporters in Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam were dumping and/or receiving countervailing subsidies resulting in high tariff rates now applying to many Chinese-owned manufacturers operating in these countries. In addition, in August 2025, the U.S. International Trade Commission issued an affirmative preliminary injury determination on imports of CSPV cells and modules from Laos, Indonesia and India. The U.S. Department of Commerce is currently assessing whether the imports at issue are being dumped or unfairly subsidized.

Additionally, on December 29, 2023, Auxin and Concept Clean Energy, Inc. filed suit in the U.S. Court of International Trade challenging the legal basis for the moratorium and implementing regulations. In August 2025, the Court sided with Auxin and Concept Clean Energy in their challenge to the Commerce Department's implementation of the Biden-era moratorium on AD/CVD duties on modules and cells from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and

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Vietnam that were found to be circumventing the AD/CVD orders on product from China. The challenge resulted in the elimination of the two-year pause on duties, reinstating the AD/CVD obligations for imports from Southeast Asia and opening the door to potential retroactive duties on import entries made during the moratorium period. Whether the Commerce Department will impose retroactive duties is a separate administrative process and the outcome is not currently clear.

Effective April 5, 2025, the United States imposed a universal 10% "reciprocal" tariff on most imports into the United States, excluding certain products and certain qualifying imports from Canada and Mexico. Throughout 2025, tariff rates continued to change and fluctuate as negotiations continued between the United States and various countries. As an example, the United States increased the reciprocal tariff rate on China from 10% to 125%, in addition to other tariffs of 20% imposed on China earlier in 2025 and the Section 301 tariffs imposed on many Chinese-origin products during the first Trump Administration, and China imposed a retaliatory 125% tariff on goods imported from the United States in response. In May 2025, the U.S. and China agreed to a 90-day rollback whereby the United States cut the Chinese levies from 145% to 30% and China lowered the duties on U.S. goods from 125% to 10%, effective May 14, 2025. This rollback period was subsequently extended through November 10, 2026. New reciprocal tariffs were also announced on selected countries that were well above the universal 10% tariff rate. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the Trump Administration's use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act as a basis for the imposition of tariffs and, as a result of that ruling, on March 6, 2026, CBP outlined plans to establish a system for tariff refunds in 45 days following an order on March 4, 2026, by the Court of International Trade for CBP to progress with a tariff refund process. Following the ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court, the Trump Administration announced it would utilize authority under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 to implement tariffs of up to 15% for a limited period of time without U.S. Congressional approval and may ultimately replace such tariffs with longer-lasting authority under Section 301 of the Trade Act. As of the filing of this Annual Report, matters involving tariffs continue to evolve and change. Depending on the terms of our existing contracts with customers, we may not in all cases be able to fully recover the increased cost for delivery of tracker systems currently being manufactured for our customers by our international vendors due to higher tariffs currently in place or that may be imposed in the future, which has and may continue to impact our expected profitability under certain contracts. Imposition of new or higher tariffs could also adversely affect the amount or timing of our future revenue, results of operations or cash flows.

Also, in May 2025, the Trump administration announced the doubling of steel and aluminum tariffs to 50%, which reportedly contributed to a tightening of available capacity in U.S. steel mills.

As described further in Part I, Item 3, "Legal Proceedings" below, in March 2023, we received notices from CBP of assessments for tariffs under Sections 301 and 232 and for antidumping and countervailing duties with respect to merchandise we had imported from Thailand in 2022. We have been disputing the applicability of these assessments and filed formal protests with regard to the assessments. On February 11, 2026, CBP partially accepted a portion of our protest of one of the assessments, which reduced our estimated exposure down to $0.07 million. We were notified on March 18, 2026, that CBP had denied our protest of a second assessment. As a result of this denial, we recorded a $2.7 million liability in our consolidated results in this Annual Report and expect to pay this amount to CBP, as required. We are currently evaluating our options to challenge this decision by CBP in the U.S. Court of International Trade as to the merits of the disputed tariff classifications, however, the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty.

Tariffs currently in place and the possibility of additional tariffs in the future have created uncertainty in the industry. If the price of solar systems in the United States increases further, the use of solar systems could become less economically feasible and could further reduce our gross margin or reduce demand for solar systems manufactured and sold, which in turn may decrease demand for our products. Additionally, existing or future tariffs may negatively affect our customers and manufacturing partners.

We have taken measures with the intention of mitigating the effect of tariffs and the impact of AD/CVD and UFLPA on our business by reducing our reliance on China and enhancing our U.S.-based supply chain, including through our acquisition of Alpha Steel.

***The concentration of our sales in a limited number of specific markets increases risks associated with the reduction, elimination or expiration of governmental subsidies and economic incentives for solar energy products.***

The majority of our revenue during the periods covered by this Annual Report resulted from sales by our subsidiary in the United States. For example, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, 99% and 89%, respectively, of total revenue resulted from sales by our U.S. subsidiary. We expect to continue to generate a substantial amount of our revenue from our U.S. subsidiary in the future.

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There are a number of important incentives, including those provided in the IRA, as described above, that, following adoption of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, have a certain time limit and are expected to phase down or terminate in the future, which could adversely affect sales of our products in the United States. Additionally, as we further expand to other countries, changes in incentive programs or electricity policies could negatively affect returns on our investments in those countries as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations.

***Actions addressing determinations of forced labor practices in China and legislation and policies adopted to address such practices may disrupt the global supply of solar panels and affect our business.***

Since 2016, CBP has issued a number of withholding release orders ("WROs") directed at forced labor in China, including WROs directed specifically at activity in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. As a result of these orders, certain products, including solar panels manufactured with polysilicon from Xinjiang, are effectively barred from entering the United States. Despite our due diligence efforts, as well as contractual provisions we put in place that forbid our suppliers from using forced labor or components that were produced using forced labor, we cannot determine with certainty whether our suppliers may violate our contracts or become subject to a WRO, which could subject us to legal, reputational, and other risks. If this were to occur, we might have to find alternative suppliers on short notice, resulting in construction delays and disruption and higher costs. Additionally, WROs have and could continue to impact the importation of solar panels. While we are not directly involved in the importation of solar panels, such WROs can negatively impact the global solar market and the timing and viability of solar projects to which we sell our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The UFLPA was passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Biden on December 23, 2021. The UFLPA established a rebuttable presumption that the importation of any goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in Xinjiang, or that are produced by certain entities, is prohibited by Section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and that such goods, wares, articles, and merchandise are not entitled to entry to the United States. CBP began implementing the presumption set out in the UFLPA on June 21, 2022, resulting in new rules for solar module importers and reviews by CBP. While we do not import solar modules directly, solar modules are necessary in order for our customers' projects to progress forward, and therefore any disruption in the global supply of solar modules may have a material adverse effect on our business.

***Existing electric utility industry policies and regulations, and any subsequent changes, may present technical, regulatory and economic barriers to the purchase and use of solar energy systems that may significantly reduce demand for our products and services or harm our ability to compete.***

Federal, state, local and foreign government regulations and policies concerning the broader electric utility industry, as well as internal policies and regulations promulgated by electric utilities and organized electric markets with respect to fees, practices and rate design, heavily influence the market for electricity generation products and services. These regulations and policies often affect electricity pricing and the interconnection of generation facilities, and can be subject to frequent modifications by governments, regulatory bodies, utilities and market operators. For example, changes in fee structures, electricity pricing structures and system permitting, interconnection and operating requirements can deter purchases of renewable energy products, including solar energy systems, by reducing anticipated revenue or increasing costs or regulatory burdens for would-be system purchasers. The resulting reductions in demand for solar energy systems could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

A significant development in renewable energy pricing policies in the United States occurred on July 16, 2020, when the FERC issued a final rule amending regulations that implement the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act ("PURPA"). In general, PURPA encouraged the development of small renewable energy projects by requiring utilities to purchase power from qualifying facilities at the utility's avoided cost, which may be higher than market prices. These developments could reduce demand for PURPA-eligible solar energy systems and could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, changes in our products or changes in export and import laws and implementing regulations may create delays in the introduction of new products in international markets, prevent our customers from deploying our products internationally or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries altogether. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

***Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us, or our customers, could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.***

Changes in corporate tax rates, tax incentives for renewable energy projects, the realization of net deferred tax assets relating to our U.S. operations, the taxation of foreign earnings and the deductibility of expenses under future

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tax reform legislation could have a material impact on the value of our deferred tax assets, could result in significant one-time charges in the current or future taxable years, and could increase our future U.S. tax expense, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

***We could be adversely affected by any violations of the FCPA and other foreign anti-bribery laws, as well as of export controls and economic sanctions laws.***

The FCPA generally prohibits companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Other countries in which we operate also have anti-bribery laws, some of which prohibit improper payments to government and non-government persons and entities. We have adopted policies that mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. However, we currently operate in and intend to further expand into many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. In addition, due to the level of regulation in our industry, our entry into certain jurisdictions requires substantial government contact where norms can differ from U.S. standards. It is possible that our employees, subcontractors, agents and partners may take actions in violation of our policies and anti-bribery laws. Furthermore, we are subject to rules and regulations of the United States and other countries relating to export controls and economic sanctions, including, but not limited to, trade sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control within the U.S. Department of the Treasury, as well as the Export Administration Regulations administered by the Department of Commerce. These regulations may limit our ability to market, sell, distribute or otherwise transfer our products or technology to prohibited countries or persons. Any violation of such laws, even if prohibited by our policies, could subject us to criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and reputation.

**Risks Related to Manufacturing and Our Supply Chain**

***We depend upon a limited number of outside contract manufacturers, and our operations could be disrupted if our relationships with these contract manufacturers are compromised.***

Prior to our acquisition of Alpha Steel, effective November 12, 2025, we did not have internal manufacturing capabilities. Even with Alpha Steel, we currently rely on contract manufacturers to build certain of our products where U.S. content is not required by our customers. Based on the U.S. dollar amount of purchase orders we issued during the year ended December 31, 2025, 57%, 20%, 9% and 6% of our spending involved contract manufacturers located in the United States, India, China and Thailand, respectively.

Our reliance on a limited number of contract manufacturers in a limited number of countries makes us vulnerable to possible capacity constraints and reduced control over component availability, quality, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs. Our contract manufacturers are not obligated to supply products to us for any period, in any specified quantity or at any certain price beyond the single delivery contemplated by the relevant purchase order. While we may enter into long-term master supply agreements with our contract manufacturers in the future if the volume of our business grows in a way that makes such additional arrangements economically feasible, we may not be successful in negotiating such agreements on favorable terms or at all. With respect to any such long-term master supply agreements, we could be subject to terms that may be harmful to our business, including in the event that we do not have the customer demand necessary to utilize the products that we are required to purchase or have made deposits for, or in the event that we are required to purchase products at a price in excess of the prevailing market rate. Any change in our relationships with our contract manufacturers or changes to contractual terms of our agreements with them could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

The revenue that certain of our contract manufacturers generate from our orders represents a relatively small percentage of their overall revenue. As a result, fulfilling our orders may not be considered a priority in the event of constrained ability to fulfill all of their customer obligations in a timely manner. Our use of international facilities may increase supply risk, including the risk of supply interruptions or reductions in manufacturing quality or controls.

We may be negatively impacted by the deterioration in financial conditions of our limited number of contract manufacturers. If any of our contract manufacturers were unable or unwilling to manufacture the components that we require for our products in sufficient volumes, at high-quality levels, on a timely basis and pursuant to existing supply agreement or purchase order terms, due to financial conditions or otherwise, we could have to identify, qualify and select acceptable alternative contract manufacturers. An alternative contract manufacturer may not be available to us when needed or may not be in a position to satisfy our quality or production requirements on commercially reasonable terms, including price and timing. Any significant interruption or delays in manufacturing would require us to reduce or delay our supply of products to our customers or increase our shipping costs to make up for delays in manufacturing,

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if possible, which in turn could reduce our revenue, cause us to incur delay liquidated damages or other liabilities to our customers, harm our relationships with our customers, damage our reputation or cause us to forego potential revenue opportunities. While we may have contractual remedies against our contract manufacturers for the supply chain malfunctions noted above to support any liabilities to our customers, such remedies may not be sufficient in scope, we may not be able to effectively enforce such remedies, and we may incur significant costs in enforcing such remedies.

***We may experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in our contract manufacturers' manufacturing operations, which could result in reputational damage and other liabilities to our customers.***

Our product development, manufacturing and testing processes are complex and require significant technological and production-related expertise. Such processes involve a number of precise steps from design to production. Any change in our processes could cause one or more production errors, requiring a temporary suspension or delay in a manufacturer's production line until the errors can be researched, identified, analyzed and properly addressed and rectified. This may occur particularly as we introduce new products, modify our engineering and production techniques and/or expand our capacity. In addition, delays, disruptions or our failure to maintain appropriate quality assurance processes could result in increased product failures, loss of customers, increased warranty claims, delay liquidated damages claims or other liabilities to our customers, increased production and logistics costs and delays. While we may have contractual remedies against our contract manufacturers for such quality assurance failures to support any liabilities to our customers, such remedies may not be sufficient in scope, we may not be able to effectively enforce such remedies, and we may incur significant costs in enforcing such remedies. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

***We depend on a limited number of contract manufacturers for key components of our products to adequately meet anticipated demand. Due to the limited number of such contract manufacturers, any cessation of operations or production or any shortage, delay, price change, imposition of tariffs or duties or other limitation on our ability to obtain the components we use could result in sales delays, cancellations and loss of market share.***

We depend on a limited number of contract manufacturers for certain key components used to manufacture our products where U.S. content is not required by our customers, making us susceptible to quality issues, shortages and price changes. Some of our contract manufacturers have in the past stopped producing or limited their production of our components, faced supply constraints or increased prices on the raw materials for their components, ceased operations or been acquired by, or entered into exclusive arrangements with, one or more of our competitors, and such actions may occur again in the future. Additionally, these manufacturers could stop selling to us at commercially reasonable prices, or at all. Because there are a limited number of contract manufacturers of the key components used to manufacture our products, it may be difficult to quickly identify alternate manufacturers or to qualify alternative components on commercially reasonable terms, and our ability to satisfy customer demand may be adversely affected. Transitioning to or redesigning a product to accommodate a new contract manufacturer would result in additional costs and delays. These outcomes could harm our business or financial performance.

Any interruption in the supply of limited source components for our products would adversely affect our ability to meet scheduled product deliveries to our customers, could result in lost revenue or higher expenses and would harm our business.

***The interruption of the flow of components from international contract manufacturers could disrupt our supply chain, including as a result of the imposition of additional laws, duties, tariffs and other charges on imports and exports.***

We purchase some of our components outside of the United States through arrangements with various international contract manufacturers. Political, social or economic instability in these regions, or in other regions where our products are made, could cause disruptions in trade, including, without limitation, exports to the United States. As detailed previously, trade disputes between various countries, particularly China and the United States, have created uncertainty with respect to the ability to import certain technologies and products into the United States, as well as in respect of tariff impacts on the costs of some of our components. In addition, recent WROs related to polysilicon requires panel importers to demonstrate that polysilicon used in their panels has not been sourced using forced labor. To date, CBP has used the WROs to detain solar panels, which has disrupted the U.S. solar installation market and caused additional uncertainty on future projects. These WRO actions, as well as other governmental actions that have or may impact the importation of solar panels (including the UFLPA), have and could continue to negatively impact the global solar market and the timing and viability of solar projects to which we sell our products, which has negatively impacted our revenue and cash flows and may continue to negatively impact our anticipated revenue and

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cash flows in 2026, and which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. While our products do not contain polysilicon, the degree of our exposure is dependent on, among other things, the impact of these measures on the projects that are also intended to use our products, with such impact being largely out of our control. Other events that could also cause disruptions to our supply chain include, but are not limited to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•additional trade enforcement actions that lead to imposition of additional tariffs and other charges on imports and exports that could relate to imports from a number of different countries;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the potential imposition of restrictions on our acquisition, importation or installation of equipment under future U.S. regulations;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•quotas imposed on the import volume of certain products;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•foreign currency fluctuations;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•public health issues and epidemic diseases, their effects (including any disruptions they may cause) or the perception of their effects;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•extreme weather events that may affect manufacturing output or the transportation of materials and equipment to other countries or regions of the world;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•wars, military operations or other hostilities, including Russia's invasion of Ukraine and potential conflicts in the Middle East; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•significant labor disputes, such as transportation worker strikes.

***Failure by our contract manufacturers to use ethical business practices and comply with applicable laws and regulations may adversely affect our business.***

While our contract manufacturers are required to adhere to certain business practices to remain on our approved vendor list, which we monitor on a continuous basis, we do not control our contract manufacturers' operations or their business practices. Additionally, our contract manufacturers may not follow ethical business practices, such as fair wage practices or comply with environmental, safety, labor, sanctions and anti-corruption laws and other local laws or other regulations of which we may not be aware. For example, as we continue to expand our business into foreign jurisdictions, the manufacture of our products may be subject to local content requirements, which require our products to incorporate materials from certain local providers. A lack of demonstrated compliance could damage our reputation and lead us to seek alternative manufacturers, which could increase our costs and result in delayed delivery of our products, product shortages or other disruptions of our operations. Violation of labor or other laws by our contract manufacturers or the divergence of a contract manufacturer's labor or other practices from those generally accepted as ethical in the United States or other markets in which we do business could also attract negative publicity for us and harm our business.

***We and our contract manufacturers are dependent on domestic and international transportation and logistics markets to deliver our products. If we or our contract manufacturers experience disruptions, unavailability or escalated pricing in the transportation and logistics markets, which include trucking, vessels, ports and related infrastructure and logistics, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted.***

We and our contract manufacturers rely on domestic and international transportation and logistics markets to deliver our products to customers. Our ability and the ability of our contract manufacturers to deliver our products could be adversely impacted by shortages in available cargo capacity, changes by carriers and transportation companies in policies and practices, such as scheduling, pricing, payment terms and frequency of service or increases in the cost of fuel, taxes and labor, and other factors, such as extreme weather events or labor strikes and work stoppages, not within their control. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in diminished cargo capacity and port detainment of vessels which caused delays in delivery of our products to project sites during 2020 and into 2022. In addition, we have seen delays, disruptions and price increases in international transportation and logistics markets due to closures or capacity restrictions applicable to both the Panama Canal and Suez Canal (including the diversion of shipping vessels from the Red Sea as a result of attacks on shipping vessels there). Material interruptions in service or stoppages in transportation and logistics markets, whether caused by strike, work stoppage, lock-out, slowdown or otherwise, and escalated pricing in transportation and logistics markets could materially and adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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**Risks Related to Intellectual Property**

***If we fail, in whole or in part, to obtain, maintain, protect, defend or enforce our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, our business and results of operations could be materially harmed.***

Our success partly depends on our ability to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets to establish and protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, as well as unfair competition laws, confidentiality and license agreements and other contractual arrangements. As of December 31, 2025, we had patents in the following locations:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Locations** | **Patents Granted** |
| United States | 44 |
| Australia | 5 |
| All other | 9 |
| Total | 58 |

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Our issued patents are expected to expire between 2026 and 2044.

Our trademarks and trade names include, but are not limited to, Voyager Tracker, Pioneer Tracker, SUNPATH, SUNOPS and FTC Solar, which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws. Any pending patent and trademark applications filed or other applications for intellectual property registrations may not be approved, issued or granted, and our existing and future intellectual property rights may not be valid, enforceable or sufficiently broad to prevent competitors from using technology similar to or the same as our proprietary technology, to prevent our contract manufacturers from providing similar technology to our competitors or to sufficiently allow us to develop and maintain recognized brands. Additionally, our intellectual property rights may afford only limited protection of our intellectual property and may not (i) prevent our competitors or contract manufacturers from duplicating our processes or technology, (ii) prevent our competitors from gaining access to our proprietary information and technology, or (iii) permit us to gain or maintain a competitive advantage. Any impairment or other failure to obtain sufficient intellectual property protection could impede our ability to market our products and services, negatively affect our competitive position and harm our business and operating results, including forcing us to, among other things, rebrand or re-design our affected products and services. In countries where we have not applied for patent protection or trademark or other intellectual property registration or where effective patent, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws and judicial systems may not be available to the same extent as in the United States, we may be at greater risk that our proprietary rights will be circumvented, misappropriated, infringed or otherwise violated.

To protect our unregistered intellectual property, including our trade secrets and know-how, we rely in part on trade secret laws and confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and independent contractors. We also require third parties, such as our customers and contract manufacturers, which may have access to our proprietary technologies and information to enter into non-disclosure agreements or other contracts containing obligations to maintain the confidentiality of our intellectual property. Such measures, however, provide only limited protection, and our confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements and other agreements containing confidentiality provisions may not prevent unauthorized disclosure or use of our confidential information, especially after our employees or third parties end their employment or engagement with us, and may not provide us with an adequate remedy in the event of such disclosure. Furthermore, competitors or other third parties may independently discover our trade secrets, copy or reverse engineer our products or services or portions thereof, or develop similar technology. If we fail to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, or if such intellectual property and proprietary rights are infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be materially harmed.

***We may need to defend ourselves against third-party claims that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating third-party intellectual property rights, which could divert management's attention, cause us to incur significant costs and prevent us from selling or using the products, services or technologies to which such rights relate.***

Our competitors and other third parties hold numerous patents related to technologies used in our industry, and may hold or obtain patents, copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights that could prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use, develop, sell or market our products and services, which could make it more difficult for us to operate our business. From time to time, we may be subject to claims of infringement, misappropriation or other violation of patents or other intellectual property rights or licensing fee and royalty claims

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and related litigation, and, if we gain greater recognition in the market, we face a higher risk of being the subject of these types of claims.

Regardless of the merit of any claims that may be made against us, responding to such claims can be time consuming, can divert management's attention and resources, and may cause us to incur significant expenses in litigation or settlement. While we believe that our products and services do not infringe in any material respect upon any valid intellectual property rights of third parties, we may not be successful in defending against any such claims. If we do not successfully defend or settle an intellectual property claim, we could be liable for significant monetary damages and could be prohibited from continuing to use certain technology, business methods, content or brands, could be prohibited from continuing to sell certain products or services, or could be required to license such intellectual property from the applicable third party, which could require us to pay significant royalties, increasing our operating expenses. Even if we do reach a settlement agreement to resolve an intellectual property claim, such settlement agreement could also result in our making a significant monetary payment or paying significant royalties. If a license is not available at all or not available on reasonable terms, we may be required to develop or license a non-infringing alternative, either of which could require significant effort and expense. If we cannot license or develop a non-infringing alternative, we would be forced to limit or stop sales of our offerings and may be unable to effectively compete. Any of these results would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

***We use "open-source" software, and any failure to comply with the terms of one or more open-source licenses could negatively affect our business.***

Our products and services use certain software licensed by its authors or other third parties under so-called "open-source" licenses. Some of these open-source licenses may contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works that we create based upon the open-source software, and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of a particular open-source license or other license granting third parties rights with respect to such software. In certain circumstances, if we combine our proprietary software with certain open-source software, we could be required to release the source code for such proprietary software. Additionally, to the extent that we do not comply with the terms of the open-source licenses to which we are subject, or such terms are interpreted by a court in a manner different than our own interpretation of such terms, then we may be required to disclose certain of our proprietary software or take other actions that could negatively impact our business. Further, the use of open-source software can lead to vulnerabilities that may make our software susceptible to attack, and open-source licenses generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. While we attempt to utilize open-source software in a manner that helps alleviate these risks, our attempts may not be successful.

**Risks Related to Information Technology and Data Privacy**

***A significant cybersecurity incident or other disruption to our technology infrastructure could disrupt our business operations and cause financial and reputational damage.***

We rely extensively on various information technology systems, including data centers, hardware, software and applications to manage many aspects of our business, including to operate and provide our products and services, to process and record transactions, to enable effective communication systems, to pay our employees, to track inventory flow, to manage logistics and to generate performance and financial reports. Some of our most critical systems are provided and hosted by third-party software vendors in arrangements commonly known as software as a service ("SaaS"). We are dependent on the integrity, security and consistent operations of these systems and related back-up systems. Our computer and information technology systems and the third-party systems upon which we rely are also subject to unauthorized access, damage, interruption or shutdown from a number of causes, including computer viruses, ransomware, malware, phishing or distributed denial-of-service attacks, security breaches or cyber-attacks, which could lead to delays in our business operations or subject us to liability and, if significant or extreme, require public disclosure, which could negatively affect our results of operations. In addition, any interruption in the operation of our website or information technology systems could cause us to suffer reputational harm, lose sales, and expose us to litigation or government action, including penalties, fines or judgments.

***Unauthorized disclosure of personal or sensitive data or confidential information, whether through our use of artificial intelligence ("AI"), a breach of our computer or information technology systems or otherwise, could severely hurt our business.***

Some aspects of our business involve the collection, receipt, use, storage, processing and transmission of personal information, including that of our customers' and end-users of our customers' solar energy systems, website visitors, employees, contract manufacturers and other third parties. We may collect personal information, including

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names, addresses, e-mail addresses, credit information, and energy production statistics and consumer preferences, some of which is entrusted to third-party service providers. We increasingly rely on commercially available systems, software, tools (including encryption technology) and monitoring technologies to provide security and oversight for processing, transmission, storage and protection of confidential information and personal data. Despite the security measures we have in place, our facilities and systems, and those of third parties with which we do business, may be vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism and theft (including misappropriation of our financial resources), computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors, or other similar events, and any improper use of the software tools available to us, including those containing AI features, could result in inadvertent or unauthorized disclosure or allow third parties to gain unauthorized access to confidential information and personal data.

Electronic security attacks designed to gain access to personal, sensitive or confidential data by breaching mission critical systems of large organizations are constantly evolving, and high-profile electronic security breaches leading to unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or personal data have occurred recently at a number of major U.S. companies.

Despite our precautions, an electronic security breach in our systems (or in the systems of third parties with which we do business) that results in the unauthorized release of personally identifiable information regarding customers, employees or other individuals or other sensitive data could nonetheless lead to a serious disruption of our operations, financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability, including possible punitive damages which may not be covered by or may be in excess of the coverage in our existing insurance policies. As a result of such a breach, we could also be subject to demands, claims and litigation by private parties, and investigations, related actions and penalties by regulatory authorities. Moreover, we could incur significant costs in notifying affected persons and entities and otherwise complying with the multitude of foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, personal information. In addition, any perceived or actual unauthorized access to, or use or disclosure of, such information could harm our reputation, substantially impair our ability to attract and retain customers and have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As the regulatory environment relating to our obligations to protect such sensitive data becomes increasingly rigorous, with continually developing and growing requirements applicable to our business, compliance with those requirements could result in additional costs. A material failure on our part to comply with such requirements could subject us to regulatory sanctions, including fines and potentially lawsuits. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

***Failure to comply with current or future federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations and industry standards relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, as well as our actual or perceived failure to comply with such laws and regulations could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.***

There are numerous federal, state, local and foreign laws regarding privacy and the collection, processing, storing, sharing, disclosing, using and protecting of personal information and other data. As an example, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission adopted final rules in July 2023 requiring timely disclosure of material cybersecurity incidents and periodic disclosure of our cybersecurity risk management, strategy and governance processes and policies, which may be found in Part I, Item 1C. "Cybersecurity" below.

We are also subject to specific contractual requirements contained in agreements with third parties governing our use and protection of personal information and other data. We generally comply with industry standards and are subject to the terms of our privacy policy and the privacy- and security-related obligations agreed to with third parties. We strive to comply with applicable laws, policies, legal obligations and industry standards relating to privacy and data protection, to the extent possible. However, it is possible that these obligations may be interpreted and applied in new ways or in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. Additionally, new laws or regulations could be enacted with which we are not familiar or with which our practices do not comply.

We expect that new industry standards, laws and regulations will continue to be proposed regarding privacy, data protection and information security in many jurisdictions, including the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA"), which came into effect on January 1, 2020, and the California Privacy Rights Act ("CPRA"), which amends the CCPA and has many provisions that took effect on January 1, 2023. Certain other states also have passed privacy laws that are currently in effect. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws to impose standards for the online collection, use,

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dissemination and security of data. The impact of the CCPA, CPRA or other future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business is uncertain. Complying with these evolving obligations is costly. For instance, expanding definitions and interpretations of what constitutes "personal data" (or the equivalent) in the United States or other countries may increase our compliance costs and legal liability.

Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any federal, state, local or foreign privacy or consumer protection-related laws, regulations or other principles or orders to which we may be subject or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand and business, and may result in claims, investigations, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others or other penalties or liabilities or require us to change our operations and/or cease using certain data sets.

**Risks Related to Climate Change and Health Epidemics** 

***We face risks related to extreme weather events caused by climate change and actual or threatened health epidemics, which could significantly disrupt our operations.***

While climate change has not resulted in any material negative impact to our operations to date, we recognize the risk of disruptions to our supply chain due to extreme weather events. This, among other things, has led us to expand the diversity of our supplier base and to partner with more local suppliers to reduce shipping and transportation needs. We are also increasingly partnering with larger scale steel producers rather than smaller suppliers to facilitate scaling of our operations while remaining conscious of the environmental impacts of steel manufacturing as the regulatory landscape around these high-emitting industries evolves. An example of this strategy is our acquisition of Alpha Steel.

We also attempt to mitigate the climate-related risks from the use of our products by designing our equipment and systems to have a high-slope tolerance and wind mitigation capabilities, while at the same time reducing the required foundation/pile count needed. This allows our trackers to be installed in increasingly hostile environments with minimal disturbance to the surrounding land.

Our business, including our employees, have been and could in the future be adversely impacted by the effects of a widespread outbreak of contagious disease or other health epidemics. As an example, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization from March 2020 until May 2023. During a portion of this time period, we experienced significant supply chain disruptions that caused delays in product deliveries due to diminished vessel capacity, diminished supplier capacity (including local shutdowns and capacity restrictions), port detainment of vessels, port congestion, labor shortages and other stresses on cargo infrastructure (including ports, warehouses, trucking and rail transportation), which contributed to increased shipping costs and increased lead times for delivery of our tracker systems. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted ground operations at project sites due to health-related restrictions and worker absenteeism, which resulted in delays in project completions during the outbreak.

Any extreme weather events or future widespread outbreak of contagious diseases, or other adverse public health developments, could also cause disruption to, among other things, our operations, as well as those of our contract manufacturers located in the United States and elsewhere around the world, which could cause delays in our supply chain and product shipments and delays in project completion, as well as reductions in customer support trainings and monitoring of our contract manufacturers, which could adversely affect our business, operations and customer relationships.

Many of our contracts with customers include liquidated damages that are payable for shipment delays, and we have in the past incurred and may in the future incur liabilities under such provisions if we face challenges from extreme weather events or future health epidemics.

**Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.**

None.

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**Item 1C. Cybersecurity.**

***Risk management and strategy***

We recognize the importance of developing, implementing and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information technology ("IT") systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data.

We have integrated cybersecurity risk management into our overall risk management and internal control framework and have established policies and controls that we believe are appropriate in light of the risks of damage to our reputation and financial condition from unauthorized access to our key digital assets and systems.

Many of our key IT systems are SaaS solutions provided by third parties with extensive experience and knowledge in addressing cybersecurity risks involving those systems and have their own robust system of controls regarding their software products, which we monitor on a recurring basis through review of independent reports on their systems of internal controls provided to us. Such IT systems include our primary accounting, financial reporting, payroll and employee benefits, document storage, email and video communication, employee expense reporting and our internal IT ticketing and asset control systems. Our internal IT team holds regular weekly meetings to discuss cybersecurity-related items such as (i) operating and application system patching, (ii) phishing attempts, (iii) malware, (iv) non-compliant devices, (v) third-party secure scorecard results, and (vi) alerts provided through our Security Operations Center.

We currently utilize AI features in certain software products we make available to our customers to assist them in better managing the efficiency of their solar tracker assets. Additionally, we utilize tools provided by our third-party software vendors that are included as part of access to their software platforms available to us under various SaaS arrangements. Our internal AI use to date has been mostly limited to supporting operational efficiency, improving decision-making, researching existing rules and regulations, and streamlining routine workflows in order to increase employee productivity rather than replace core human judgment, engineering validation, or quality control processes in making decisions.

We obtain security incident reports from our third-party software and service providers regarding unauthorized attempts to access our systems, when and if they occur, and we work closely with our third-party providers to explore the details of any unauthorized attempts to infiltrate those systems and to assess whether any critical information within those systems was compromised or not. We also evaluate to the extent possible our system of controls in comparison to information obtained from our third-party providers, as well as our independent accountants and other technology consultants, of practices followed by other companies in safeguarding their systems in order to ensure our cybersecurity strategies and processes remain at the forefront of industry best practices.

Many of our employees work remotely or in various locations around the world and are provided with company-owned IT equipment. Software and firmware updates to such equipment are managed and controlled by the Company.

In order to further protect ourselves financially, we maintain insurance coverage of up to $3 million with respect to losses from business interruption, data recovery, cyber-extortion and ransomware, data breach response and crisis management as a result of a cybersecurity incident.

As of the date of the filing of this Annual Report, we have not encountered any cybersecurity incidents that have materially impaired our business strategy, operations or financial standing.

***Governance***

*Board of Directors Oversight*

Our Board of Directors is aware of the critical nature of managing risks associated with AI use and cybersecurity threats and has established oversight mechanisms to ensure effective governance in managing these risks. The Audit Committee is central to the Board's oversight and has been directed to assume primary responsibility for such oversight by the Board. The Audit Committee is comprised of board members with diverse experience including risk management, technology and finance, which, in the judgment of the Board, equips them with the ability to oversee

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cybersecurity risks effectively. The Audit Committee actively participates in strategic decisions related to cybersecurity, offering guidance to our management and approval of major initiatives.

*Management's Role Managing Risk*

We have established a Cybersecurity Governance Committee, which meets monthly or more frequently, if needed, to monitor:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•our current cybersecurity controls and our ability to address emerging threats;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•the status of our ongoing cybersecurity initiatives and strategy;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•incident reports from any cybersecurity events; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards.

During 2025, members of our Cybersecurity Governance Committee included our Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Software, Director of IT, Corporate Controller, Director of SEC Reporting and Technical Accounting, and Director of Internal Audit. Our Chief Financial Officer, Corporate Controller, Director of SEC Reporting and Technical Accounting and Director of Internal Audit each have a number of years of experience in auditing internal controls and assessing risk processes of public companies, including controls involving a company's information technology systems. Our Vice President of Software has a number of years of experience leading software development efforts, including ensuring new software has proper safeguards included to minimize the risk of cybersecurity events. Finally, our Director of IT has a number of years of experience in implementing and monitoring controls and processes in a company's information technology systems environment that are designed to minimize the risk of cybersecurity events. Accordingly, we believe the members of our Cybersecurity Governance Committee have relevant knowledge and experience in either IT systems, auditing of controls over IT systems, or management and assessment of risk processes and internal control systems to ensure proper management oversight.

Our IT management is responsible for notifying the Cybersecurity Governance Committee of cyber incidents they become aware of from software alerts, third-party vendors, employees or by other means. The Cybersecurity Governance Committee will review such incidents, including activities by IT management to evaluate the severity of the incidents, and will provide details of any cybersecurity events, including those not deemed to have a material impact, to our Internal Controls Committee and Disclosure Committee for reporting to our Audit Committee. In addition, our Chief Financial Officer, Director of IT and Director of Internal Audit maintain an ongoing dialogue with the Audit Committee during the year regarding emerging or potential cybersecurity risks.

The Cybersecurity Governance Committee has the responsibility for determining if a cybersecurity incident is considered to have a material impact on the Company requiring public reporting in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Under the guidance of the Cybersecurity Governance Company, we have adopted (i) a Security Incident Response Plan, (ii) a Cybersecurity Materiality Assessment Policy, and (iii) a Cybersecurity Register of Events.

Our IT management, in conjunction with our Director of Internal Audit, has responsibility for monitoring and testing the effectiveness of our cybersecurity controls and procedures on a recurring basis.

**Item 2. Properties.**

***Office and warehouse***

We lease certain specified office space in a co-working building for our corporate headquarters staff located in Austin, Texas under an agreement that expires on April 30, 2026, subject to automatic one-month extensions until terminated by either party.

Effective August 1, 2025, we entered into a lease, expiring October 31, 2027 for specified office space in a co-working building for our employees in Chennai, India.

Effective December 1, 2025, we entered into a sublease, expiring on May 15, 2028, for approximately 4,000 square feet of office space for certain members of the Executive Leadership Team currently located in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.

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We also lease approximately 5,300 square feet of warehouse space and 1,100 square feet of sales and support office space in Brendale, Australia.

***Research and development***

We entered into a lease agreement, effective June 1 2025, for approximately 5.18 acres of land in India to allow us to conduct research and development activities on solar trackers and other connected activities. This lease expires May 31, 2030.

In February 2023, we entered into a five-year lease for a research facility in Sequin, Texas consisting of 261,360 square feet of space.

We also have a lease expiring in May 2026 for an applications laboratory located in Austin, Texas, consisting of 4,700 square feet.

***Alpha Steel***

We sublease certain space in a facility associated with the production line for Alpha Steel. Our sublease is scheduled to expire on April 30, 2026, unless the parties holding the original lease agree to an extension, after which our sublease would be eligible for extension.

***Other***

Apart from our acquisition of Alpha Steel, and the related sublease we have on the Alpha Steel facility, the remainder of our manufacturing is outsourced to contract manufacturing partners, and we currently do not own or lease any other manufacturing facilities.

We believe that our existing properties are in good condition and are sufficient and suitable for the conduct of our business for the foreseeable future. To the extent our needs change as our business grows, we expect that additional space and facilities will be available.

Additional information regarding our leases may be found in Note 8, "Leases" included in our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

**Item 3. Legal Proceedings.**

We may become involved in various claims, lawsuits, investigations, and other proceedings arising in the normal course of business.

**United States Custom and Border Protection assessment**

In March of 2023, United States Customs and Border Protection ("CBP") issued notices of tariff assessment that indicated an action taken at the Import Specialist (i.e., the port) level with respect to merchandise imported from Thailand under entry number 004-1058562-5 (the "625 Assessment") and entry number 004-1063793-9 (the "Original 939 Assessment", and collectively with the 625 Assessment, the "Original CBP Assessments"). The Original CBP Assessments related to certain torque beams that are used in our Voyager+ product that were imported in 2022. In the Original CBP Assessments, CBP asserted that Section 301 China tariffs, Section 232 steel and aluminum tariffs, and antidumping and countervailing duties applied to the merchandise. Based on correspondence received to date from CBP, including a recent partial acceptance by CBP of our protest on the 625 Assessment as described below, and our calculations based on applicable duty and tariff rates, the 625 Assessment is currently estimated at approximately $0.07 million. In September of 2023, CBP informed us that the amount owed under the Original 939 Assessment was being revised downward to approximately $2.01 million (the "Revised 939 Assessment", and together with the 625 Assessment, the "Revised CBP Assessments"). In particular, CBP accepted our position that the Section 301 tariffs of 25% or 7.5% of the value of the merchandise, depending on tariff classification, as well as the antidumping and countervailing duties, previously assessed under the Original 939 Assessment are not applicable as they are only applicable to articles that are products of China and that, in this case, the finished goods are products of Thailand.

CBP has legally finalized both Revised CBP Assessments. We filed a formal protest for the 625 Assessment in September of 2023 and for the Revised 939 Assessment in March of 2024. On February 11, 2026, CBP partially approved our protest of the 625 Assessment, which reduced our estimated exposure down to $0.07 million. We were notified on March 18, 2026, that CBP had denied our protest of the Revised 939 Assessment. Based on the denial by CBP, we accrued approximately $2.7 million, inclusive of interest, in our consolidated financial results for the year ended December 31, 2025 and expect to pay that amount to CBP, as required. As the notification of denial was received

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subsequent to our earnings release on March 5, 2026, the consolidated loss reported in this Annual Report is higher than that reported in our prior earnings release. We are currently evaluating our options to challenge this decision by CBP in the U.S. Court of International Trade (the "Court") as to the merits of the disputed tariff classifications. However, because matters of this nature are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings or developments, including future assessments of additional duties or tariffs owed in respect of other shipments or other materials beyond what is presently included in the Revised CBP Assessments, there can be no certainty that the Company might ultimately prevail in the Court and we could also be subject to future assessments of additional duties or tariffs owed in respect of other shipments or other materials beyond what is presently included in the Revised CBP Assessments, or incur charges that are not currently recorded as liabilities which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position, or liquidity.

**Customer litigation**

On June 11, 2025, FTC Solar, Inc. filed a lawsuit against BayWa r.e. Power Solutions, Inc. ("BayWa") in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (Civil Action No. 25-cv-00905-DAE). The complaint alleges breach of contract arising from BayWa's purported cancellation of a large equipment supply agreement and purchase order for custom solar tracking systems intended for a Texas-based solar energy project. The parties engaged in a formal dispute resolution process, including pre-suit mediation without success. On August 25, 2025, BayWa filed an answer to FTC's complaint and asserted certain counterclaims against FTC. On September 15, 2025, FTC filed a response to BayWa's counterclaims. The parties are now engaged in discovery. While FTC believes it has meritorious claims and intends to vigorously pursue recovery, the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain, and it is unclear at this time whether FTC or BayWa will recover the amounts sought in their respective claims or whether the outcome would materially affect FTC's financial condition or results of operations.

**Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.**

N/A.

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**PART II**

**Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.**

**Market information**

Our common stock, $0.0001 par value, is currently trading on the Nasdaq under the symbol "FTCI".

On November 29, 2024, we effected a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). The Reverse Stock Split did not impact the par value of our common stock or the authorized number of shares of our common stock.

**Holders** 

At March 20, 2026, there were approximately 28 holders of record of our common stock.

**Warrants**

In connection with the issuance of Term Loans for a principal amount of $37.5 million under the Credit Agreement, as well as the A&R Promissory Note, and with the approval of the Company's stockholders, we issued New Warrants for an aggregate 6,836,237 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise. The New Warrants are exercisable at any time through July 2, 2035, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, and were valued at approximately $32.1 million upon grant. There is no currently established trading market for the New Warrants, and none had been exercised as of December 31, 2025.

**Dividends**

We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date. The payment of any cash dividends in the future is within the discretion of our board of directors and is subject to certain limitations under the Credit Agreement entered into on July 2, 2025.

**Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans**

At December 31, 2025, shares of our common stock were issuable under our 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2017 Plan") and our 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan"), both of which were adopted by our board of directors and stockholders, as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Plan category** | **Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights** | **Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights** | **Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))** |
|  | **(a)** | **(b)** | **(c)** |
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Stock options | 201905 | $21.28 | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted stock units | 3307293 |  | N/A |
| Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted stock units | 416673 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | 3925871 | $21.28 | 660993 |

---

On July 1, 2022, we filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register 500,000 (on a post-split basis) shares of common stock for issuance upon the settlement of RSUs and the exercise of stock options previously granted under the 2017 Plan that remain outstanding. Since April 27, 2021, no new awards have been or will be granted under the 2017 Plan.

The number of shares initially reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan was 1,264,524 (on a post-split basis), which automatically increases on January 1 of each calendar year prior to the tenth anniversary of the Plan's effective

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date in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 4% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on the day prior (December 31st), and (ii) a number of shares of common stock determined by the compensation committee of the Company's board of directors. Through December 31, 2025, an additional 1,806,544 shares (on a post-split basis) became available for issuance pursuant to the automatic increase provisions of the 2021 Plan. In addition, at a Special Meeting of Stockholders on September 4, 2025, an amendment was approved to our 2021 Plan to reserve an additional 2,000,000 shares of our common stock for issuance under the 2021 Plan. This, when combined with the shares added through the automatic increase provisions, resulted in a total number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2021 Plan of 5,071,068 (on a post-split basis).

Our board of directors also adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("2021 ESPP Plan") concurrent with our 2021 Plan in order to provide our employees and our designated subsidiaries with an opportunity to purchase our common stock through accumulated payroll deductions at 85% of the stock's fair market value. As of December 31, 2025, this plan had not yet been implemented internally within the Company, and no purchases of common stock have been made pursuant to the 2021 ESPP Plan.

Effective August 19, 2024, we entered into Restricted Stock Unit Inducement Award Agreements with Yann Brandt, our Chief Executive Officer and a director, relating to 650,000 shares (on a post-split basis) of our common stock and subject to the time-based and performance-based vesting terms set forth in such agreements (the "Inducement Awards"). We issued the Inducement Awards to Mr. Brandt in reliance on the employment inducement award exemption under the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4).

**Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities**

In the three years preceding the date of this Annual Report, we have sold the following securities without registration under the Securities Act:

*Warrant Issuances*

In the three years preceding the date of this Annual Report, we granted warrants to the holders of our long-term debt for the issuance of an aggregate 8,586,237 shares of our common stock. On June 30, 2025, certain holders exercised a portion of these warrants, at an exercise price of $0.10 per share, and received 1,750,000 shares of common stock valued at approximately $7.9 million. The remaining outstanding warrants provide for the issuance of 6,836,237 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, are exercisable at any time through July 2, 2035, and have an estimated fair value of approximately $74.5 million at December 31, 2025.

None of the foregoing transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering. We believe the offers, sales and issuances of the above securities were exempt from registration under the Securities Act (or Regulation D or Regulation S promulgated thereunder) by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act because the issuance of securities to the recipients did not involve a public offering. The recipients of the securities in each of these transactions represented their intentions to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were placed upon the stock certificates issued in these transactions. All recipients had adequate access, through their relationships with us, to information about us. The sales of these securities were made without any general solicitation or advertising.

**Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers**

No purchases of equity securities were made by us during the fourth quarter of 2025.

**Stockholder performance graph and cumulative total return**

Not required.

**Item 6. [Reserved]**

Not applicable.

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**Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.**

*The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and other information included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to those differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in Part I, Item1A. "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Additionally, our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in any future period.*

**Overview**

FTC Solar, Inc. was founded in 2017 and is incorporated in the state of Delaware. In April 2021, we completed an IPO, and our common stock currently trades on Nasdaq under the symbol "FTCI".

We are a global provider of solar tracker systems, supported by proprietary software and value-added engineering services. Solar tracker systems move solar panels throughout the day to maintain an optimal orientation relative to the sun, thereby increasing the amount of solar energy produced at a solar installation. Our one module-in-portrait solar tracker system is marketed under the Pioneer brand name, and our original two modules-in-portrait solar tracker system is marketed under the Voyager brand name. We also have a mounting solution to support the installation and use of U.S.-manufactured thin-film modules. Our primary software offerings include SUNPATH, which helps customers optimize solar tracking for increased energy production, and our SUNOPS real-time operations management platform. In addition, we have a team of renewable energy professionals available to assist our U.S. and worldwide clients in site layout, structural design, pile testing and other needs across the solar project development and construction cycle. Our products and services provide tracker solutions for large utility-scale solar and distributed generation projects around the world. Our customers are primarily engineering, procurement and construction companies and we also contract with developers and owners. The Company is headquartered in Austin, Texas, and has international subsidiaries in Australia, China, India, South Africa and Spain.

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act, which allows us, based on our election, to use an extended transition period to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

**Key Factors Affecting Our Performance**

**Project Timing*.*** Our level of manufacturing and logistics activity, and thus our revenue, can be significantly impacted by delays or changes in the expected timing of customer project development activity. In recent periods our customers have encountered delays in beginning or continuing project development caused by interconnection issues, including permit delays, equipment shortages, obtaining project financing at acceptable levels and addressing uncertainty in changes in government regulations, as described further below. Due to our limited number of large customers, such delays in project development activity can have a material impact on our consolidated financial results.

**Government Regulations.** Changes in the U.S. trade environment, including the imposition of import tariffs, AD/CVD investigations and the UFLPA, which became effective in June 2022, can have an impact on the timing of developer projects. The UFLPA resulted in new rules for module importers and reviews by CBP. There continues to be challenges in achieving full compliance with UFLPA, whether related to sufficient traceability of materials or other factors. Escalating trade tensions, particularly between the United States and China, have led to increased tariffs and trade restrictions, including tariffs applicable to certain raw materials and components for our products. We have taken measures with the intention of mitigating the effect of tariffs and the impact of AD/CVD and UFLPA on our business by reducing our reliance on China and enhancing our U.S.-based supply chain, including through our acquisition of Alpha Steel.

In 2019, 90% of our supply chain was sourced from China. As of December 31, 2025, we have qualified suppliers outside of China for certain of our commodities and we continue to work to have second-source capability for all Chinese-manufactured components to help reduce the extent to which our supply chain for U.S.-based projects is subject to existing tariffs and to be able to quickly address potential future regulatory and governmental policy changes. We have entered into partnerships with manufacturers based in the United States, India, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, Thailand and Vietnam to diversify our supply chain and optimize costs.

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On June 6, 2022, President Biden issued an Executive Order allowing U.S. solar deployers to import solar modules and cells from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam free from certain duties for 24 months, along with other incentives designed to accelerate U.S. domestic production of clean energy technologies. This moratorium ended in June 2024. The U.S. International Trade Administration and the U.S. International Trade Commission completed a sunset review in October 2024 and decided to continue existing AD/CVD orders on CSPV cells/modules from China resulting in longstanding China tariffs remaining in force. In April 2025, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued final determinations concluding that producers and exporters in Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam were dumping and/or receiving countervailing subsidies resulting in high tariff rates now applying to many Chinese-owned manufacturers operating in these countries. In addition, in August 2025, the U.S. International Trade Commission issued an affirmative preliminary injury determination on imports of CSPV cells and modules from Laos, Indonesia and India. The U.S. Department of Commerce is currently assessing whether the imports at issue are being dumped or unfairly subsidized.

Additionally, on December 29, 2023, Auxin and Concept Clean Energy, Inc. filed suit in the U.S. Court of International Trade challenging the legal basis for the moratorium and implementing regulations. In August 2025, the Court sided with Auxin and Concept Clean Energy in their challenge to the Commerce Department's implementation of the Biden-era moratorium on AD/CVD duties on modules and cells from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam that were found to be circumventing the AD/CVD orders on product from China. The challenge resulted in the elimination of the two-year pause on duties, reinstating the AD/CVD obligations for imports from Southeast Asia and opening the door to potential retroactive duties on import entries made during the moratorium period. Whether the Commerce Department will impose retroactive duties is a separate administrative process and the outcome is not currently clear.

On April 5, 2025, the United States imposed a universal 10% "reciprocal" tariff on most imports into the United States, excluding certain products and certain qualifying imports from Canada and Mexico. Throughout 2025, tariff rates continued to change and fluctuate as negotiations continued between the United States and various countries. As an example, the United States increased the reciprocal tariff rate on China from 10% to 125%, in addition to other tariffs of 20% imposed on China earlier in 2025 and the Section 301 tariffs imposed on many Chinese-origin products during the first Trump Administration, and China imposed a retaliatory 125% tariff on goods imported from the United States in response. In May 2025, the U.S. and China agreed to a 90-day rollback whereby the United States cut the Chinese levies from 145% to 30% and China lowered the duties on U.S. goods from 125% to 10%, effective May 14, 2025. This rollback period was subsequently extended through November 10, 2026. New reciprocal tariffs were also announced on selected countries that were well above the universal 10% tariff rate. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the Trump Administration's use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act as a basis for the imposition of tariffs and, as a result of that ruling, on March 6, 2026, CBP outlined plans to establish a system for tariff refunds in 45 days following an order on March 4, 2026, by the Court of International Trade for CBP to progress with a tariff refund process. Following the ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court, the Trump Administration announced it would utilize authority under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 to implement tariffs of up to 15% for a limited period of time without U.S. Congressional approval and may ultimately replace such tariffs with longer-lasting authority under Section 301 of the Trade Act. As of the filing of this Annual Report, matters involving tariffs continue to evolve and change. Depending on the terms of our existing contracts with customers, we may not in all cases be able to fully recover the increased cost for delivery of tracker systems currently being manufactured for our customers by our international vendors due to higher tariffs currently in place or that may be imposed in the future, which has and may continue to impact our expected profitability under certain contracts. Imposition of new or higher tariffs could also adversely affect the amount or timing of our future revenue, results of operations or cash flows.

Also, in May 2025, the Trump administration announced the doubling of steel and aluminum tariffs to 50%, which reportedly contributed to a tightening of available capacity in U.S. steel mills.

The most notable incentive program impacting our U.S. business has historically been the ITC for solar energy projects, which allows taxpayers to offset their U.S. federal income tax liability by a certain percentage of their cost basis in solar energy systems placed in service for commercial use, subject to compliance with applicable prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 ("IRA"), passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by then-President Biden on August 16, 2022, expanded and extended the tax credits and other tax benefits available to solar energy projects and the solar energy supply chain. U.S. manufacturers of specific solar components also became eligible to claim production tax credits under Section 45X of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which was established as part of the IRA and is a per-unit tax credit earned for each clean energy component manufactured domestically and sold by a manufacturer. Our acquisition of Alpha Steel allows us to continue for a longer period of time to obtain benefits of lower product costs as a result of the production tax credit program.

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On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which accelerates the phase-outs and terminations of various eligible federal tax credits enacted as part of the IRA and places restrictions on continued receipt of tax credits by specified foreign entities and foreign influenced entities.

The reduction, elimination or expiration of government incentives for, or regulations mandating the use of, as well as corporate commitments to the use of renewable energy and solar energy specifically, could reduce demand for solar energy systems and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

**Disruptions in Transportation and Supply Chain.** Our costs are affected by the costs of certain components and materials, such as steel, motors and micro-chips, as well as transportation costs. Capacity constraints, particularly with regard to U.S. manufactured steel output, current market conditions, extreme adverse weather events and international conflicts may constrain the supply of materials and disrupt the flow of materials from international vendors, which could impact the cost of our products and services, along with overall rates of inflation in the global economy. While inflation rates and certain costs have moderated recently, the overall level of various other costs continues to be elevated. Although we don't believe inflation has had a material impact on our results as presented in this report, such cost increases and decreases could impact our future operating margins, if material.

We have taken steps to expand and diversify our manufacturing partnerships and have adjusted our modes of transportation to mitigate the impact of headwinds that might arise in the global supply chain and logistics markets. We continue to monitor the logistics markets and will continue to evaluate our use of various modes of transportation when warranted to optimize our transportation costs. We also intend to maintain a sharp focus on our design-to-value initiative to continue to improve margins by reducing manufacturing and material costs of our products.

**Megawatts ("MW") Produced and MW Shipped and Average Selling Price ("ASP").** The primary operating metrics we use to evaluate our sales performance and to track market acceptance of our products are the change in quantity of MW produced and MW shipped from period to period. MW are measured for each individual project and are calculated based on the expected output of that project once installed and fully operational. We also utilize metrics related to price and cost of goods sold per watt, including the change in ASP from period to period and cost per watt. ASP is calculated by dividing product and service revenue by total watts produced or shipped and product and service cost per watt is calculated by dividing product or service costs of revenue by total watts produced or shipped. These metrics enable us to evaluate trends in pricing, manufacturing and logistics costs and profitability. Events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, global inflation rates, high interest rates and international conflicts have in the past impacted and may continue to impact the U.S. economy, global supply chains, and our business. These impacts can cause significant project development and shipping delays and cost increases, as well as offsetting ASP increases, and also raise the price of inputs like steel and logistics, affecting our cost per watt. Competitive tracker pricing pressures can also impact our ASP, and thus our profitability, by limiting our ability to raise prices to offset cost increases.

**Investment in technology and personnel.** We invest in both the people and technology behind our products. We intend to continue making investments in the technology for our products and expansion of our patent portfolio to attract and retain customers, expand the capabilities and scope of our products, and enhance user experience. As an example, during 2025, we (i) introduced a dual row configuration for our 1P Pioneer tracker for improved slope tolerance and working with complex project landscapes, (ii) released our Pioneer+ High Wind tracker, which is engineered to withstand wind speeds up to 150 miles per hour, and (iii) launched an automated 80° high angle stow capability in our Pioneer trackers to provide improved protection in hail-prone regions.

In addition, we intend over time to make additional investments to attract and retain employees in key positions, including sales leads, engineers, software developers, quality assurance personnel, supply chain personnel, product management, and operations personnel, to help us drive further efficiencies across our marketplace and, in the case of sales leads, to continue to enhance and diversify our sales capabilities, including international expansion.

During 2025, we added Kent James to our executive leadership team as our Chief Commercial Officer for North America. We also added Tony Alvarez, Anthony Carroll, Darrell Jackson and Maximillian Sultan to our Board of Directors. These executives each have extensive solar industry experience and deep solar relationships.

**Impact of Climate Change.** Climate change has primarily impacted our business operations by increasing demand for solar power generation and, as a result, for use of our products. The U.S. Energy Information Administration, in its January 2026 Short-Term Energy Outlook, estimates that solar generation will lead total electricity generation growth in 2026 and 2027, by increasing more than 20% each year, after increasing 33% in 2025.

While climate change has not resulted in any material negative impact to our operations to date, we recognize the risk of disruptions to our supply chain due to extreme weather events. This, among other things, has led us to expand the diversity of our supplier base and to partner with more local suppliers to reduce shipping and transportation

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needs. We are also increasingly partnering with larger scale steel producers rather than smaller suppliers to facilitate scaling of our operations while remaining conscious of the environmental impacts of steel manufacturing as the regulatory landscape around these high-emitting industries evolves. An example of this strategy is our acquisition of Alpha Steel.

We also attempt to mitigate the climate-related risks from the use of our products by designing our equipment and systems to have a high-slope tolerance and wind mitigation capabilities, while at the same time reducing the required foundation/pile count needed. This allows our trackers to be installed in increasingly hostile environments with minimal disturbance to the surrounding land.

**Liquidity.** See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below for a discussion of the impact of our liquidity position, including the requirements under the Credit Agreement, on our business and financial performance. As included in such discussion, our management has concluded that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date that this Annual Report is issued.

**Key Components of Our Results of Operations**

The following discussion describes certain line items in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

***Revenue***

Revenue from the sale of our solar tracker systems and customized components of those systems is recognized over time, as work progresses, utilizing an input measure of progress determined by cost incurred to date relative to total expected cost on these projects to correlate with our performance in transferring control over the tracker systems and their components. Revenue from the sale of individual parts is recognized at a point in time as and when control transfers based on the terms of the contract. Revenue from sale of term-based software licenses is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer. Revenue for shipping and handling services is recognized over time based on progress in meeting shipping terms of the arrangements. Revenue for stand-alone engineering consulting and pile testing services is recognized at a point in time upon completion of the services performed. Subscription revenue, which is derived from our subscription-based enterprise licensing model, and support revenue, which is derived from ongoing security updates and maintenance, are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract.

For each individual solar project, we enter into a contract with our customers covering the price, specifications, delivery dates and warranty for the products being purchased, among other things. Our contractual delivery period for our solar tracker systems and related parts can vary depending on size of the project and availability of vessels and other means of delivery. Contracts can range in value from tens of thousands to tens of millions of dollars.

Our revenue is affected by changes in the volume and ASP of our solar tracking systems purchased by our customers and volume of sales of software products and engineering services, among other things. The ASP of our solar tracker systems and volume of sales is driven by the supply of, and demand for, our products, changes in product mix, geographic mix of our customers, strength of competitors' product offerings, import tariffs and other import restrictions, supply chain issues and availability of government incentives to the end-users of our products. Additionally, our revenue may be impacted by seasonality due to cold weather, which can cause variability in site construction activity.

The vast majority of our revenue in the periods presented in this Annual Report was attributable to sales by our legal entities in the United States and Australia. Our revenue growth is dependent on continued growth in the number of solar tracker projects and engineering services we win in competitive bidding processes and growth in our software sales each year, as well as our ability to increase our market share in each of the geographies in which we currently compete, expand our global footprint to new emerging markets, grow our production capabilities to meet demand and continue to develop and introduce new and innovative products that address the changing technology and performance requirements of our customers, among other things.

***Cost of revenue and gross profit (loss)***

In certain cases, we subcontract with third-party manufacturers to manufacture and deliver our products directly to our customers, although with our acquisition of Alpha Steel, we now have the ability to manufacture and deliver certain products to our domestic customers seeking U.S.-based content. Our product costs are affected by the underlying cost of raw materials procured by Alpha Steel and our other contract manufacturing partners, including steel and aluminum; component costs, including electric motors and gearboxes; technological innovation in manufacturing processes; and our ability to achieve economies of scale resulting in lower component costs. We do not currently hedge against changes in the price of raw materials, but we continue to explore opportunities to mitigate

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the risks of foreign currency and commodity fluctuations through the use of hedges and foreign exchange lines of credit. Some of these costs, primarily personnel, are not directly affected by sales volume.

During 2025, we added new employees in certain areas in response to current project activity levels. Certain of our headcount changes also reflect a shift of our employee base to more cost-effective markets with exceptional talent. Our gross profit may vary period-to-period due to changes in our headcount, ASP, product costs, product versus service mix, customer mix, geographical mix, shipping methods, warranty costs and seasonality.

***Operating expenses***

Operating expenses consist of research and development expenses, selling and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses. Personnel-related costs are the most significant component of our operating expenses and include salaries, benefits, bonuses, commissions and stock-based compensation expenses.

Our operating costs have been impacted by (i) changes in headcount as described above, (ii) our level of research activities to originate, develop and enhance our products, (iii) our sales and marketing efforts as we expand our outreach to existing customers and seek to identify new opportunities domestically and internationally, (iv) changes in our estimate of credit losses relating to certain specific customers, and (v) variations in legal and professional fees, compliance costs, insurance, facility costs and other costs associated with strategic changes in response to changing market conditions and other matters.

**Results of Operations – 2025 Compared to 2024**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
| **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **Amounts** | **Percentage of revenue** | **Amounts** | **Percentage of revenue** |
| Revenue: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Product | $80311 | 80.6% | $37520 | 79.2% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Service | 19376 | 19.4% | 9835 | 20.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue | 99687 | 100.0% | 47355 | 100.0% |
| Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Product | 76400 | 76.6% | 48185 | 101.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Service | 24167 | 24.2% | 11764 | 24.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total cost of revenue | 100567 | 100.9% | 59949 | 126.6% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Gross loss** | (880) | (0.9%) | (12594) | (26.6%) |
| Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 4387 | 4.4% | 5915 | 12.5% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and marketing | 6201 | 6.2% | 8881 | 18.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 23955 | 24.0% | 25440 | 53.7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 34543 | 34.7% | 40236 | 85.0% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Loss from operations** | (35423) | (35.5%) | (52830) | (111.6%) |
| Interest expense | (8205) | (8.2%) | (665) | (1.4%) |
| Interest income | 23 | 0.0% | 346 | 0.7% |
| Gain from disposal of investment in unconsolidated subsidiary | 3204 | 3.2% | 8807 | 18.6% |
| Gain on sale of Atlas | 140 | 0.1% | 906 | 1.9% |
| Loss from change in fair value of warrant liability | (40686) | (40.8%) | (4322) | (9.1%) |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | (173) | (0.2%) |  | 0.0% |
| Gain on bargain purchase | 377 | 0.4% |  | 0.0% |
| Other income, net | 140 | 0.1% | 468 | 1.0% |
| Income (loss) from unconsolidated subsidiary | 1551 | 1.6% | (1086) | (2.3%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Loss before income taxes** | (79052) | (79.3%) | (48376) | (102.2%) |
| Provision for income taxes | (525) | (0.5%) | (230) | (0.5%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net loss** | $(79577) | (79.8%) | $(48606) | (102.6%) |

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***Revenue*** 

We generate our revenue in two streams – Product revenue and Service revenue. Product revenue is derived from the sale of solar tracker systems and customized components for those systems, individual part sales for certain specific transactions and the sale of term-based software licenses. Service revenue includes revenue from shipping and handling services, engineering consulting and pile testing services, our subscription-based enterprise licensing model and maintenance and support services in connection with the term-based software licenses.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Product | $80311 | $37520 | $42791 | 114.0% |
| Service | 19376 | 9835 | 9541 | 97.0% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue | $99687 | $47355 | $52332 | 110.5% |

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**<u>Product revenue</u>**

The increase in product revenue in 2025, as compared to 2024, was primarily due to an increase of 168% in MW produced as manufacturing activity during 2025 has been positively impacted by recent project wins, mainly associated with our 1P solar tracker solution. Partially offsetting this impact was a decrease of 20% in ASP resulting from project mix changes during 2025 as compared to 2024.

**<u>Service revenue</u>**

The increase in service revenue in 2025, as compared to 2024, primarily resulted from (i) an increase of 76% in the logistics activity levels, (ii) an increase of 12% in ASP as a result of project size and pricing, and (iii) higher engineering consulting revenue in 2025, as compared to 2024.

***Cost of revenue and gross loss***

Cost of revenue consists primarily of costs related to raw materials, equipment manufacturing activities, net of any incentives earned, freight and delivery, product warranty, remediation and personnel costs (salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation). Personnel costs in cost of revenue include both direct labor costs as well as costs attributable to any individuals whose activities relate to the procurement, installment, and delivery of the finished product and services.

Gross loss may vary from period-to-period and is primarily affected by our ASP, product costs, product mix, customer mix, geographical mix, shipping method, logistics costs, warranty costs and potentially, seasonality.

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Product | $76400 | $48185 | $28215 | 58.6% |
| Service | 24167 | 11764 | 12403 | 105.4% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total cost of revenue | $100567 | $59949 | $40618 | 67.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Gross loss** | $(880) | $(12594) | $11714 | 93.0% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gross loss percentage of revenue | (0.9%) | (26.6%) |  |  |

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The increase in cost of revenue in 2025, as compared to 2024, was primarily driven by (i) an increase of 168% in MW produced, (ii) an increase of 76% in shipping and logistics activity, and (iii) higher tariff costs, including a $2.0 million accrual due to a denial by CBP of a protest of a previous assessment. This has been partially offset by (i) lower warranty and remediation costs, (ii) lower overhead spending, largely due to lower personnel costs as a result of lower average headcount and a shift in employee location, and (iii) lower warehousing costs.

Our gross loss percentage of revenue for 2025 was a negative 0.9%, as compared to a negative 26.6% in 2024.

We had negative gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2025 largely due to higher tariff costs, including the $2.0 million accrual relating to a denial of our protest by CBP as described above. This was partially offset by increased activity and higher revenue.

We had negative gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2024 largely due to (i) our revenue for both products and services being insufficient to fully cover our indirect and warehousing costs, (ii) higher remediation costs, and (iii) the impact of project mix and cost of freight.

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***Research and development***

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, stock-based compensation and travel expenses related to our engineers performing research and development activities to originate, develop and enhance our products. Additional expenses include consulting charges, component purchases, testing services and other costs for performing research and development on our software products.

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Research and development | $4387 | $5915 | $(1528) | (25.8%) |

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The decrease in research and development expenses in 2025, as compared to 2024, was primarily due to (i) lower payroll-related costs of $1.3 million, largely due to the relocation of employees to more cost-effective locations, and (ii) lower professional service fees of $0.3 million, resulting from our cost control efforts. Research and development expenses as a percentage of revenue were 4.4% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 12.5% for the year ended December 31, 2024.

***Selling and marketing***

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expenses and travel expenses related to our sales and marketing and business development personnel. Additionally, selling and marketing expenses include costs associated with professional fees and support charges for software subscriptions and licenses, trade shows and conventions.

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Selling and marketing | $6201 | $8881 | $(2680) | (30.2%) |

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The decrease in selling and marketing expenses in 2025, as compared to 2024, was primarily attributable to (i) lower credit loss provisions totaling $0.7 million, primarily associated with the level of provisions in each year for certain specific customer accounts, (ii) lower payroll-related costs of $1.3 million associated with lower salary, commission, incentive compensation and severance costs, (iii) lower travel and professional service costs of $0.4 million, and (iv) lower stock-based compensation expense of $0.2 million. Selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue were 6.2% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 18.8% for the year ended December 31, 2024.

***General and administrative***

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, stock-based compensation expenses, and travel expenses related to our executives, finance team, and administrative employees. It also consists of legal, consulting, and professional fees, rent and lease expenses pertaining to our headquarters and international offices, business insurance costs and other costs.

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| General and administrative | $23955 | $25440 | $(1485) | (5.8%) |

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The decrease in general and administrative expense in 2025, as compared to 2024, was primarily attributable to (i) lower stock-based compensation costs of $0.6 million, (ii) lower insurance costs of $0.6 million, due to our cost control efforts, (iii) lower amortization expense of $0.5 million, as our intangible assets became fully amortized at the end of 2024, and (iv) lower professional service fees of $0.3 million, largely due to one-time CEO recruiting fees incurred during 2024. Partially offsetting these decreases were higher payroll-related costs of $0.4 million, and higher rent expense. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue were 24.0% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 53.7% for the year ended December 31, 2024.

***Interest expense***

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Interest expense | $8205 | $665 | $7540 | 1133.8% |

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Interest expense was related primarily to our outstanding long-term debt as of period-end and consisted of the following:

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|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Amortization of debt discount and issue cost | $3802 | $296 |
| Paid-in-kind interest added to principal value of debt | 2567 | 146 |
| Interest paid in cash | 786 | 222 |
| Accrued interest at period end | 399 |  |
| Interest in accounts payable and other | 651 | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total interest expense | $8205 | $665 |

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***Gain from disposal of investment in unconsolidated subsidiary***

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Gain from disposal of investment in unconsolidated subsidiary | $3204 | $8807 | $(5603) | (63.6%) |

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We sold our 23% equity interest in our unconsolidated subsidiary, Dimension Energy LLC ("Dimension"), on June 24, 2021. Dimension is a community solar developer based in Atlanta, Georgia that provides renewable energy solutions for local communities in the United States.

The sales agreement with Dimension included an earnout provision which provided for the potential to receive additional contingent consideration earned through December 2024, based on Dimension achieving certain performance milestones. The sales agreement also included additional contingent consideration in the form of a projects escrow release based on Dimension's completion of certain construction projects in progress at the time of the sale.

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we received earnout payments of $3.2 million and $8.8 million, respectively, that were recognized in accordance with our policy election of recording such gains when realized.

***Gain on sale of Atlas***

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Gain on sale of Atlas | $140 | $906 | $(766) | (84.5%) |

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In December 2024, we sold certain assets, including intellectual property, associated with our Atlas web-based software platform, used by customers to organize and manage their solar project portfolios, recognizing a gain on the sale of $0.9 million. In connection with the sale, the purchaser agreed to future potential earnout payments based on annual license renewals during 2025 by certain existing customers. During 2025, we received such earnout payments from the purchaser totaling $0.1 million, which we recognized as a gain in accordance with our accounting policy to recognize such gains when realized.

***Loss from change in fair value of warrant liability***

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| (in thousands) | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Loss from change in fair value of warrant liability | $(40686) | $(4322) | $(36364) | 841.4% |

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As described further in Note 14, "Debt" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, we completed an offering of Senior Notes and Original Warrants on December 4, 2024. The Original Warrants were reflected as a liability in our consolidated financial statements and valued at issuance at approximately $5.2 million, which increased to $9.5 million at December 31, 2024. The Original Warrants were exercised in full on June 30, 2025, when they had a fair value of approximately $7.7 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

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In connection with our entry into the Credit Agreement on July 2, 2025, we issued New Warrants at a fair value of approximately $32.1 million. The New Warrants are also accounted for as a long-term liability. Due largely to a significant increase in the price of our common stock as reported on Nasdaq between July 2, 2025 and December 31, 2025, the fair value of the New Warrants increased to approximately $74.5 million, resulting in a loss during the period from July 2, 2025 to December 31, 2025 of nearly $42.5 million.

We anticipate that further gains and losses will be recognized in future periods during which the New Warrants are outstanding as a result of changes in the trading price of our common stock, some of which may be material to our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

***Loss on extinguishment of debt***

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | $(173) | $— | $(173) | N/A |

---

As described further in Note 14, "Debt" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, the impact of the revised terms in the Subordination Agreement and the A&R Promissory Note, including the fair value of New Warrants issued in connection with those agreements, resulted in the previously existing Senior Notes, originally issued on December 4, 2024, being deemed to be extinguished on July 2, 2025 for accounting purposes pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification 470-50, Modifications and Extinguishment. This resulted in a non-cash charge during the year ended December 31, 2025, of $0.2 million, for the required write off of the remaining unamortized debt discount and debt issue costs of the Senior Notes, and in consideration of the estimated fair value of the A&R Promissory Note as of July 2, 2025.

***Bargain purchase gain***

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Bargain purchase gain | $377 | $— | $377 | N/A |

---

Largely as a result of an increase in Alpha Steel's net assets from the date the purchase price was established to November 12, 2025, we recognized a bargain purchase gain of $0.4 million in connection with our acquisition of the remaining interest in Alpha Steel.

***Income (loss) from unconsolidated subsidiary***

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Income (loss) from unconsolidated subsidiary | $1551 | $(1086) | $2637 | (242.8%) |

---

The income from unconsolidated subsidiary for 2025 represents our equity method share of net operating income incurred by Alpha Steel during the period from January 1, 2025 to November 12, 2025, when we assumed control of Alpha Steel and began consolidating its operations. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Alpha Steel incurred operating losses, of which we recognized our 45% share under the equity method of accounting.

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

***Liquidity and going concern***

We have incurred cumulative losses since inception and have a history of cash outflows from operations, inclusive of $33.4 million in cash utilized for our operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, we had cash on hand of $21.1 million, $29.5 million of working capital, $22.6 million of net total debt and an accumulated deficit of $427.3 million.

<u>ATM program</u>

As of December 31, 2025, in addition to our cash on hand and working capital, we had approximately $9.0 million of remaining capacity available for future sales of our common stock under an effective prospectus supplement to our at the market facility under the At the Market Offering Agreement dated May 1, 2025 with H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC and the related prospectus covering the offering, issuance and sale of up to a maximum aggregate offering

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price of approximately $13.75 million of our common stock that may be sold under such At the Market Offering Agreement in at the market offerings (the "ATM program"). There can be no assurance regarding the price at which we will be able to sell such shares in the future, whether under the ATM program or other securities offerings, and any sales of our common stock under the ATM program or other securities offerings may be at prices that result in additional dilution to our existing stockholders.

<u>Credit Agreement</u>

As described further in this Annual Report, on the Credit Agreement Closing Date, we entered into the Original Credit Agreement with the Lenders, and Acquiom Agency Services LLC, as administrative agent for the Lenders. On November 11, 2025, we entered into the First Amendment to Credit Agreement to amend certain of the financial covenants applicable to us and in connection with our agreement to acquire 100% of the membership interests of Alpha Steel.

On March 23, 2026, we entered into the Second Amendment pursuant to which: (i) the Lenders provided a waiver relating to our breach of the purchase order covenant for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025; (ii) the Lenders agreed that a purchase order covenant will not apply to us until the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027; and (iii) we and the Lenders agreed to further amend the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement. Additionally, pursuant to the Second Amendment, we agreed to repay a portion of the principal amount of the loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement as follows: (x) on the date of the Second Amendment, we repaid $2.5 million of principal and; (y) we are required to repay an additional $2.5 million of principal on May 22, 2026; and (z) $5.0 million of principal on September 30, 2026. The amount of each of the foregoing principal repayment is referred to as an "ECF Repayment Amount". The failure to make the required prepayments summarized above would constitute an event of default under the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured term facility of up to $75 million, consisting of (i) Initial Term Loans and First Delayed Draw Term Loans (both as defined in the Credit Agreement) that were funded during 2025 in an aggregate principal amount of $37.5 million, and (ii) up to $37.5 million principal amount of Second Delayed Draw Term Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement) that may be requested by the Company and approved by the Lenders in their sole discretion (collectively, with the Initial Term Loans and the First Delayed Draw Term Loans, the "Term Loans"). The Term Loans currently outstanding mature on July 2, 2029.

As amended by the Second Amendment, the Credit Agreement includes the following financial covenants.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•<u>Unrestricted Cash Amount</u>. The Company is required to have unrestricted cash balances as of the last day of the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2026 equal to the greater of (i) $15.0 million and (ii) $20.0 million minus the total ECR Repayment Amounts paid by the Company pursuant to the Credit Agreement on or prior to June 30, 2026. The Company currently anticipates that this covenant will require the Company to have at least $15.0 million in unrestricted cash as of June 30, 2026. The Company is further required to have unrestricted cash balances as of the last day of the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2026 and each fiscal quarter thereafter equal to the greater of (i) $10.0 million and (ii) $20.0 million minus the total ECF Repayment Amounts actually paid by the Company to the Lenders pursuant to the Credit Agreement prior to such date. The Company currently anticipates that this financial covenant will require the Company to have at least $10.0 million of unrestricted cash as of September 30, 2026 and each fiscal quarter thereafter.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•<u>Quarterly Revenue</u>. The Company is required to have consolidated quarterly revenue of at least: (i) $25.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2026; (ii) $50.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2026; and (iii) $75.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2026 and the last day of each fiscal quarter thereafter. This revenue covenant does not apply for the quarter ending March 31, 2026.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•<u>Consolidated EBITDA</u>. For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2026, the Company's consolidated EBITDA may not be less than $10.0 million, and for the 12-month period ending December 31, 2027 and the last day of each fiscal year thereafter, the Company's consolidated EBITDA may not be less than $25.0 million.

Additionally, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2026, the Company's direct tracker margin must exceed certain thresholds for each fiscal quarter, and the financial covenants include a requirement that the amounts due to the Company under new purchase orders must meet certain thresholds beginning with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027.

<u>Purchase of remaining interests in Alpha Steel</u>

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On November 11, 2025, we entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with the Selling Members pursuant to which we agreed to purchase 100% of the Membership Interests of Alpha Steel, with such transaction closing on November 12, 2025. As consideration for the transactions under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, we agreed to pay the Selling Members a total of approximately $2.7 million for their Membership Interests in varying installments within five business days following each of January 1, 2026, April 1, 2026 and July 1, 2026. The Post-Closing Payments are evidenced by the Acquisition Notes issued by the Company to each of the Selling Members, and the Acquisition Notes have been secured by all of Alpha Steel's assets; provided, however, the security interests granted to each of the Selling Members under the Acquisition Notes are subordinate and junior to the security interests in favor of the Lenders under the Credit Agreement.

<u>Conclusion of substantial doubt</u>

In view of the requirements for quarterly cash interest payments and certain specified principal payments under the Credit Agreement (including the required prepayments summarized above) and Amended and Restated Promissory Note and subsequent waiver agreement, principal and interest payments for the Acquisition Notes, as well as our prior default on the purchase order covenant under the Credit Agreement for the period ended December 31, 2025, recent financial performance, including our history of operating losses and cash outflows, and considering that the availability of additional financing provided by the Credit Agreement in the form of Second Delayed Draw Term Loans is not completely within our control, we believe these factors create uncertainty as to our ability to fully meet the financial covenant requirements under the Credit Agreement during the twelve months following issuance of this Annual Report. Therefore, we have concluded that substantial doubt exists as to our ability to continue as a going concern within the next year.

Our ability to meet our liquidity needs over the next year is dependent upon (i) our cash on hand (subject to (x) required principal repayments of $2.5 million and $5.0 million during May 2026 and September 2026, respectively, under the Credit Agreement and (y) a $15.0 million minimum unrestricted cash covenant under the Credit Agreement effective for the quarter ending June 30, 2026 and as further reduced by required principal repayments under the Credit Agreement thereafter) and our compliance with the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement, (ii) our current expectations of increased project activity and cash flow during the twelve-month period following issuance of our consolidated financial statements, (iii) the availability of additional proceeds in the form of Second Delayed Draw Term Loans that may be requested by the Company and approved by the Lenders in their sole discretion, (iv) utilization, as appropriate, of the capacity available for future sales of our common stock under the ATM program, and (v) if we determine necessary, our ability to raise additional capital through other securities offerings. In addition, we continue to remain focused on implementing additional cost savings steps, which could impact, among other things, the location of our headcount and the level of services currently provided by third parties.

***Outstanding debt and warrants***

<u>Debt</u>

As described further in Note 14, "Debt" in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, at December 31, 2025, we had outstanding principal amounts of (i) Acquisition Notes totaling approximately $2.7 million and (ii) Term Loans and an A&R Promissory Note, inclusive of accrued paid-in-kind interest, totaling approximately $55.2 million. The Acquisition Notes bear interest on any unpaid balance at a rate of 3.64% per annum and mature no later than five business days after July 1, 2026.

The Term Loans bear interest at 12.00% per annum. A portion of the interest equal to 7.00% per annum is being capitalized and added as paid-in-kind interest and will increase the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loans. The remainder of the interest will be paid in cash at the end of each fiscal quarter. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of certain events of default under the Credit Agreement ("Events of Default") or upon the election of certain required Lenders during the occurrence and continuation of any Event of Default, the interest rate applicable to the Term Loans will be increased by a 7.00% default interest rate, which would be capitalized and added to the principal amount of the debt. The Term Loans currently outstanding mature on July 2, 2029.

The Credit Agreement also provides for the pay down of $2.5 million of principal during May 2026 and $5.0 million during September 2026, respectively, as well as the mandatory prepayment of the indebtedness and other obligations outstanding under the Credit Agreement and other applicable loan documents upon the occurrence of certain events (including in connection with a change in control of the Company) and upon acceleration following an Event of Default (an "Exit Fee Event"). If an Exit Fee Event occurs, the Company shall pay an exit fee (the "Exit Fee") equal to (x) the aggregate amount of all Term Loans extended by the Lenders under the Credit Agreement, multiplied by (y) the Exit Fee Percentage, minus (z) the amount of interest paid in cash by the Company prior to the Exit Fee

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Event, where the "Exit Fee Percentage" equals 25% in connection with a change of control transaction, or otherwise equals 50%.

The financial covenants included in the Credit Agreement are described in "Liquidity and going concern" above.

On December 4, 2024, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with the Investor whereby the Investor purchased $15.0 million in principal amount of Senior Notes. In connection with entry into the Credit Agreement on July 2, 2025, the Investor agreed to subordinate the Senior Notes to the Term Loans and amended and restated the terms of the Senior Notes in the form of the A&R Promissory Note. The A&R Promissory Note provides for semi-annual interest to (i) be paid in cash at a rate of 5.00% per annum and (ii) added to the outstanding principal amount at a rate equal to 7.00% per annum. The A&R Promissory Note matures on January 2, 2030.

<u>Warrants</u>

Activity during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, in terms of the number and value of our outstanding New Warrants issued in connection with the Credit Agreement described above, and the Original Warrants issued in connection with a Securities Purchase Agreement dated December 4, 2024, follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  | **Number of warrants** | **Value ($000's)** | **Number of warrants** | **Value ($000's)** |
| Beginning balance | 1750000 | $9520 |  | $— |
| Issuance of Original Warrants |  |  | 1750000 | 5198 |
| Exercise of Original Warrants | (1750000) | (7752) |  |  |
| Issuance of New Warrants under the Credit Agreement | 6836237 | 32061 |  |  |
| Change in fair value of warrant liability | N/A | 40686 | N/A | 4322 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Ending balance | 6836237 | $74515 | 1750000 | $9520 |

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The outstanding New Warrants are (i) exercisable at any time through July 2, 2035, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, and (ii) accounted for as a long-term liability, based on terms that could require cash settlement upon the occurrence of a contingent change in control event.

***Statements of cash flows***

Our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net cash used in operations | $(33444) | $(34699) |
| Net cash provided by investing activities | 2801 | 6262 |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 40399 | 14498 |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 102 | (49) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $9858 | $(13988) |

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<u>Operating activities</u>

During the year ended December 31, 2025, we used approximately $21.1 million of cash to fund a portion of our expenditures for personnel and facilities, legal and professional fees, insurance, research and development and various other operating activities. This compares to approximately $34.2 million used in 2024 to fund similar expenditures.

We also used approximately $12.3 million of cash in 2025 for working capital and other items, which were primarily impacted by increased activity levels, which affected the timing of customer receipts and vendor payments. In 2024, we used $0.5 million of cash for working capital and other items, which were primarily impacted by the timing of customer receipts and payments and higher project activity levels, net of inventory utilization.

Our working capital increased by approximately $2.5 million from $27.1 million at December 31, 2024, to $29.5 million at December 31, 2025, as higher activity levels increased our accounts receivable, which more than offset increased cost of revenue relating to our customer projects and other accruals. In addition, our cash balance increased

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by $9.9 million as a result of borrowings under our long-term credit agreement and the acquisition of Alpha Steel during the year.

<u>Investing activities</u>

During the year ended December 31, 2025, we received $3.2 million of contingent earnout payments in connection with the June 2021 sale of our equity interest in Dimension, acquired $0.6 million in cash as a result of our acquisition of Alpha Steel, and we received $0.1 million in contingent earnout payments from the December 2024 sale of our Atlas software platform. We also spent approximately $1.1 million in 2025 primarily for tooling, software development, and new computers and IT equipment.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we received proceeds of $8.8 million in contingent earnout payments from the sale of our equity investment in Dimension and $0.9 million in proceeds from the sale of our Atlas software platform. We also made additional capital contributions to Alpha Steel totaling $1.8 million, and paid approximately $1.6 million in cash for new tooling, leasehold improvements, software and new computers and IT equipment.

<u>Financing activities</u>

In connection with entering into the Credit Agreement on July 2, 2025, we received proceeds, net of fees withheld or paid, during the year ended December 31, 2025, of nearly $35.8 million. We also began selling newly issued shares of our common stock in various daily transactions under our ATM program receiving proceeds, net of fees paid, of approximately $4.6 million. There can be no assurance regarding the price at which we will be able to sell such shares in the future, whether under the ATM program or other securities offerings, and any sales of our common stock under the ATM program or other securities offerings may be at prices that result in additional dilution to our existing stockholders.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold $15.0 million principal amount of Senior Notes receiving proceeds, net of lender fees withheld or paid, of approximately $14.5 million.

**Critical Accounting Estimates** 

Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported revenue and expenses during the period. Estimates are used for calculating the measure of progress of our solar tracker projects and deriving the standalone selling prices of the individual performance obligations when determining amounts to recognize for revenue, estimating allowances for credit losses and slow-moving and obsolete inventory, determining useful lives of long-lived assets and the estimated fair value of those assets for impairment assessments, and estimating the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, investments, warrants, stock compensation awards, warranty liabilities and federal and state taxes, including tax valuation allowances, as well as other contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and anticipated results, trends, and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. Actual results could differ from those estimates due to risks and uncertainties. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows will be affected. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management's judgments and estimates. Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that we consider the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations because they require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain.

We believe that the accounting policies described below involve a significant degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, we believe these are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. For further information, see Note 2 "Summary of significant accounting policies" included in our consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

***Revenue recognition***

Our accounting policy on revenue recognition may be found in Note 2, "Summary of significant accounting policies" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

<u>Judgments and assumptions</u>

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The timing and amounts of revenue and cost of revenue recognition, as well as recording of related receivables and deferred revenue, is highly dependent on our identification of performance obligations in each contract and our estimates by contract of total project cost and our progress toward project completion as of each period end. Certain estimates are subject to factors outside of our control that may impact our suppliers and the global supply chain. As an example, we began to experience increases in steel prices and shipping and logistics costs, as well as delays in delivery of our products to customers during 2021, which negatively impacted our results of operations as we were not able to recover all of the additional costs under certain of our fixed fee contracts. In addition, regulatory, tariff and import concerns such as those caused by the UFLPA and an AD/CVD investigation begun in April 2022 by the U.S. Department of Commerce in response to a petition by Auxin Solar, Inc. have in the past, and may continue to, affect our ability to obtain project materials and may delay the timing of customer project activity which has had in the past, and may continue to have, an adverse impact on our results of operations, including the expected timing of the recognition of revenue needed to cover our relatively fixed overhead costs. Further information on recent developments with tariffs may be found under "Key Factors Affecting Our Performance" above. We base our estimates on the best information available at each period end, but future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, and actual results could differ materially from our assumptions and estimates.

***Accounts receivable, net***

Our accounting policy relating to our accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses may be found in Note 2, "Summary of significant accounting policies" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

<u>Judgments and assumptions</u>

The allowance for credit losses is based on the lifetime expected credit loss of our customer accounts. To assess the lifetime expected credit loss, we utilize a loss rate method that takes into consideration historical experience and certain other factors, as appropriate, such as credit quality, current economic or other conditions and changes in project status that may affect a customer's ability to pay. This method accelerates the recognition of expected credit losses as compared to the incurred loss model used prior to 2023 and may result in material differences between our estimates and actual collection results. We may also have greater fluctuations in our credit loss expense over time based on changes in our historical experience or changes in estimates of future economic conditions, or other factors, which may not adequately reflect future actual customer payment activity.

Adjustments to the allowance are largely dependent on historical experience involving amounts previously collected from our customers in recent years or based on specific changes in a customer's ability to pay. As an example, our credit loss expense for the year ended December 31, 2025, declined to approximately $1.4 million from $2.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, due primarily to our assessments in both 2025 and 2024 as to the ability by certain specific customers to fully pay contractual amounts owed to us. Historical experience, when used in making such adjustments, may not reflect current actual experience.

***Warranty***

Our accounting policy relating to our warranty obligations may be found in Note 2, "Summary of significant accounting policies" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

<u>Judgments and assumptions</u>

When historical claims information relating to our equipment is not sufficient, we will base our estimates of our expected warranty obligations on industry studies involving the nature and frequency of product failure rates for similar parts used by our competitors, as well as other related businesses. These estimates are inherently uncertain given our relatively short history of sales, and changes to our historical or projected warranty experience or fluctuations in available industry data may result in material changes to our warranty reserves in the future. Additionally, we make estimates of what costs we believe will be recoverable from the manufacturers of our products that we use to offset our obligations to our customers.

While we periodically monitor our warranty activities and claims, if actual costs incurred were to be different from our estimates, we would recognize adjustments to our warranty reserves in the period in which those differences arise or are identified. Such adjustments could be material to our results of operations in the period the adjustments are made.

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Costs recognized for warranties issued during each of the two years ended December 31, 2025, as well as other activity in our warranty accruals, may be found in Note 12, "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

***Stock-based compensation and warrants***

Our accounting policy relating to stock-based compensation may be found in Note 2, "Summary of significant accounting policies" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

<u>Judgments and assumptions</u>

The Black-Scholes model and Monte Carlo simulations rely on various assumptions, in addition to the exercise price of the option and the value of our common stock on the date of grant. These assumptions include:

*Expected Term:* The expected term represents the period that the Company's stock-based awards and warrants are expected to be outstanding and is calculated for option grants as the average of the option vesting and contractual terms, based on the simplified method, when we did not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term for options at the dates granted. The simplified method deems the term to be the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options. The contractual life of an option may be up to 10 years. Monte Carlo simulations, as described below, estimate the derived service period of awards with market conditions.

*Expected Volatility:* Since the Company did not have a trading history of its common stock prior to our IPO and since such trading history subsequent to our IPO is limited and may be less than the expected term of an award or our warrants, the expected volatility is derived from a weighted average of (i) our historical volatility over our entire trading history, with respect to certain more recent awards, and, if needed, (ii) the average historical stock volatilities of several public companies within the Company's industry that it considers to be comparable to its business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants, or awards granted with market conditions.

*Risk-Free Interest Rate:* The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equivalent to the expected term.

*Expected Dividend Yield:* The Company has not issued any dividends in its history and does not expect to issue dividends over the life of the options or warrants and, therefore, has estimated the dividend yield to be zero.

We use Monte Carlo simulations for certain awards granted with market conditions which provide an estimated average present value for each award based on a simulation assuming Geometric Brownian Motion in a risk-neutral framework using up to 250,000 simulation paths to determine the derived service and vesting periods.

Our use of the simplified method for estimating the expected outstanding term of our options may differ significantly from future actual exercise patterns of our option holders. Estimates of the outstanding terms of our options, which are less than the actual exercise patterns of our option holders, may result in lower recognized expense. Alternatively, our recognized expense may be higher if our option holders exercise their options sooner than our estimates project.

Similarly, our estimate of volatility is based on our historical stock volatility or the historical stock volatilities of a peer group of other public companies and may differ significantly from the actual future volatility of our stock over the term our warrants and our options or awards with market conditions are held. Higher estimated volatility compared to future actual results may result in higher recognized expense or fair value of our warrants and alternatively, lower expected volatility compared to future actual results may result in lower recognized expense or fair value of our warrants.

Changes to any of our assumptions, but particularly our estimates of expected term or derived service period and volatility, could change the fair value of our warrants, as well as our options or awards with market conditions which could impact the amount of stock-based compensation expense we report each period. Changes in the trading price of our common stock on Nasdaq could also have a significant impact on the fair value of our warrants, as well as whether awards with market conditions are ultimately earned.

We utilize the Black-Scholes model to estimate the fair value of our outstanding warrants at each period end. Similar to our options, differences in our estimates of future expected exercise patterns of our warrant holders, or our estimates of volatility, may impact our future estimates of the fair value of our warrants at each period end, which could have a material impact on our future consolidated results of operations.

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We also account for option and RSU forfeitures as they occur. This accounting policy may result in fluctuations in our recognized stock-based compensation expense each period, which could be material depending on the level of forfeitures in each period.

***Impairment***

Our accounting policies relating to impairment of our long-lived assets held for use and of goodwill may be found in Note 2, "Summary of significant accounting policies" in our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

<u>Judgments and assumptions</u>

Key judgments and assumptions involving our assessment of impairment of our long-lived assets, as well as goodwill, may include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Determination of whether events or changes in circumstances indicates that the carrying value of our long-lived assets or goodwill might be impaired. Such factors to consider may include an evaluation of changes in the business or regulatory climate, market conditions or other events impacting our operations;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Estimating future cash flows of our long-lived assets or asset groups, which may involve assumptions as to the lowest level of our assets at which cash flows are generated, including future growth and risk-adjusted discount rates, as well as a terminal growth rate or value and future market conditions;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Estimates of assumptions a market participant would use in determining the fair value of the affected long-lived assets or asset groups; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Estimating the fair value of the consolidated company.

In estimating the fair value of the consolidated company, we used our market capitalization based on our closing stock price on the Nasdaq at December 31, 2025. Our daily closing stock price is affected by numerous factors, some of which may not directly involve the operations of the company, and, historically, has demonstrated high volatility.

We did not identify any impairments of our long-lived assets or goodwill during the two-year period ended December 31, 2025.

***JOBS Act accounting election***

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We elected to use the allowed extended transition period for adopting new or revised accounting standards.

**Non-GAAP Financial Measures** 

***Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net loss and adjusted earnings per share ("EPS")*** 

We utilize Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Loss, and Adjusted EPS as supplemental measures of our performance. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss plus (i) provision for (benefit from) income taxes, (ii) interest expense, less interest income, (iii) depreciation expense, (iv) amortization of intangibles, (v) stock-based compensation, (vi) loss from changes in the fair value of our warrant liability, (vii) loss on extinguishment of debt, and (viii) Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") transition costs, non-routine legal fees, costs associated with our reverse stock split and special stockholders' meeting, severance and certain other costs (credits). We also deduct the contingent gains arising from earnout payments and project escrow releases relating to the disposal of our investment in an unconsolidated subsidiary and gains from changes in fair value of our warrant liability from net loss in arriving at Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted Net Loss as net loss plus (i) amortization of debt discount and issue costs and intangibles, (ii) stock-based compensation, (iii) loss from changes in the fair value of our warrant liability, (iv) loss on extinguishment of debt, (v) CEO transition costs, non-routine legal fees, costs associated with our reverse stock split and special stockholders' meeting, severance and certain other costs (credits), and (vi) the income tax expense (benefit) of those adjustments, if any. We also deduct the contingent gains arising from earnout payments and project escrow releases relating to the disposal of our investment in an unconsolidated subsidiary and gains from changes in fair value of our warrant liability in arriving at Adjusted Net Loss. Adjusted EPS is defined as Adjusted Net Loss on a per share basis using our weighted average diluted shares outstanding.

Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Loss, and Adjusted EPS are intended as supplemental measures of performance that are neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, U.S. GAAP. We present Adjusted

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EBITDA, Adjusted Net Loss and Adjusted EPS, because we believe they assist investors and analysts in comparing our performance across reporting periods on an ongoing basis by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. In addition, we use Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Loss and Adjusted EPS to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies.

Among other limitations, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Loss, and Adjusted EPS do not reflect (i) our cash expenditures, or future requirements, for capital expenditures or contractual commitments, and (ii) the impact of certain cash charges resulting from matters we consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations. Further, the adjustments noted in Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect the impact of any income tax expense or benefit. Additionally, other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Loss, and Adjusted EPS differently than we do, which limits its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Loss, and Adjusted EPS should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, and you should not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business. These non-GAAP financial measures, when presented, are reconciled to the most closely applicable GAAP measure as disclosed below:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
| **(in thousands, except shares and per share data)** | **Adjusted EBITDA** | **Adjusted Net Loss** | **Adjusted EBITDA** | **Adjusted Net Loss** |
| **Net loss per U.S. GAAP** | $(79577) | $(79577) | $(48606) | $(48606) |
| Reconciling items - |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Provision for income taxes | 525 |  | 230 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | 8205 |  | 665 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income | (23) |  | (346) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of debt discount and issue costs in interest expense |  | 3802 |  | 296 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation expense | 1281 |  | 1136 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of intangibles | (6) | (6) | 535 | 535 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 4960 | 4960 | 5412 | 5412 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Gain from disposal of investment in unconsolidated subsidiary<sup>(a)</sup> | (3204) | (3204) | (8807) | (8807) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Bargain purchase gain<sup>(b)</sup> | (377) | (377) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Loss from change in fair value of warrant liability<sup>(c)</sup> | 40686 | 40686 | 4322 | 4322 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Loss on extinguishment of debt<sup>(d)</sup> | 173 | 173 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;CEO transition<sup>(e)</sup> | 717 | 717 | 1423 | 1423 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-routine legal fees<sup>(f)</sup> |  |  | 66 | 66 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Reverse stock split<sup>(g)</sup> | 1 | 1 | 212 | 212 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Severance costs<sup>(h)</sup> | 175 | 175 | 638 | 638 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special stockholders' meeting<sup>(i)</sup> | 117 | 117 |  |  |
| **Adjusted Non-GAAP amounts** | $(26347) | $(32533) | $(43120) | $(44509) |
| **U.S. GAAP net loss per share:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Basic and diluted | N/A | $(5.68) | N/A | $(3.83) |
| **Adjusted Non-GAAP net loss per share (Adjusted EPS):** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Basic and diluted | N/A | $(2.32) | N/A | $(3.51) |
| **Weighted-average common shares outstanding:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Basic and diluted | N/A | 14012298 | N/A | 12675923 |

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(a) We exclude the gain from collections of contingent contractual amounts arising from the sale in 2021 of our investment in an unconsolidated subsidiary as these amounts are not considered part of our normal ongoing operations.

(b) We exclude the bargain purchase gain resulting from our acquisition of 100% of the interests in Alpha Steel as this gain is not considered part of our normal ongoing operations.

(c) We exclude non-cash changes in the fair value of our outstanding warrants as we do not consider such changes to impact or reflect changes in our core operating performance.

(d) We exclude the loss on extinguishment of debt arising from our July 2, 2025 Credit Agreement and related amendments to our existing debt as we do not consider such amounts to impact or reflect changes in our core operating performance.

(e) In connection with hiring a new CEO in August 2024, we agreed to upfront and incremental sign-on bonuses (collectively, the "sign-on bonuses"), a portion of which was paid to our CEO in 2024 and 2025, with clawback provisions until 2026, and a portion of which will be paid during 2026, all contingent upon continued employment. These sign-on bonuses are being expensed over the periods through October 1, 2026, to reflect the required service periods. We do not view these sign-on bonuses as being part of the normal ongoing compensation arrangements for our CEO.

(f) Non-routine legal fees represent legal fees and other costs incurred for specific matters that were not ordinary or routine to the operations of the business.

(g) We incurred incremental legal and professional fees to implement the Reverse Stock Split that was consummated effective November 29, 2024. We do not consider these fees to be part of our normal ongoing operations.

(h) Severance costs were incurred during 2025 and 2024, due to restructuring changes that involuntarily impacted a number of employees each period, in order to adjust our operations to reflect current market and activity levels and to take advantage of process efficiencies gained.

(i) We exclude the costs associated with a special stockholders' meeting held in September 2025 to approve, in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), the issuance of an aggregate 6,836,237 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the New Warrants granted to the Lenders under the Credit Agreement we entered into on July 2, 2025, as we do not consider such costs to impact our ongoing core operating performance.

**Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.**

***Fair value of financial instruments***

Our financial instruments consist of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, warrants and debt obligations. Cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are stated at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short time to the expected receipt or payment date. We estimate the fair value of our warrants using a Black-Scholes model involving current assumptions at each reporting period of (i) the per share value of our common stock, (ii) the expected holding period of the warrants before exercise, (iii) the estimated volatility of our stock over the expected holding period of the warrants, (iv) a risk free interest rate over the expected holding period of the warrants and, (v) an estimated dividend yield on our common stock over the expected holding period of the warrants. Each of those assumptions are subject to change over time. The fair value of our fixed-rate debt obligations is estimated based primarily on Level 2 inputs involving credit spreads on similar debt and other market participant factors involving observed secured and unsecured recovery rates for similar debt subsequent to our initial borrowings.

We had $21.1 million and $11.2 million of cash and cash equivalents on hand at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the vast majority of which was located in the United States in both periods. Certain of our cash equivalents include deposits in money market funds that invest primarily in short-term securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities and contain no restrictions on immediate redemption. These deposits totaled $0.5 million at December 31, 2025 and $0.5 million at December 31, 2024. The carrying value of these money market funds approximate fair value based on quoted prices in active market for units held (Level 1 classification).

We estimate the carrying value of our fixed-rate Acquisition Notes, which has been discounted at a market participant rate over the expected payment period, approximates fair value at December 31, 2025 due to their recent issuance and short-term nature.

We estimate the fair value of our Term Loans, based primarily on Level 2 inputs involving credit spreads on similar debt and other market participant factors involving observed secured and unsecured recovery rates, to be approximately $16.5 million at December 31, 2025. At December 31, 2024, we estimated the fair value of our long-term debt approximated carrying value due to its then-recent issuance. Changes in interest rates or our credit rating could impact the fair value of our Term Loans in the future.

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, we estimated the fair value of our outstanding warrants to be approximately $74.5 million and $9.5 million, respectively, utilizing a Black-Scholes model (Level 2 measurement). The estimated fair value of our warrants is primarily impacted by the closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq at each period end. Other assumptions used, as shown below, have a significantly lesser impact on the fair value of our warrants.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Closing stock price on Nasdaq | $10.91 | $5.51 |
| Expected term in years | 3.5 | 4.9 |
| Historical volatility of our common stock | 118.1% | 108.6% |
| Risk free interest rate | 3.6% | 4.4% |
| Dividend yield | 0.0% | 0.0% |

---

Future estimates of fair value for the New Warrants may be impacted by changes in the value of our common stock as reported on Nasdaq, as well as interest rates and other factors.

We have no other financial instruments at December 31, 2025 and 2024, other than certain non-functional currency intercompany and third-party receivables and payables, which are subject to foreign exchange, interest rate or market risks.

***Concentrations of major customers***

Our customers include project developers, solar asset owners and EPCs that design and build solar energy projects. We generally do not require collateral on our accounts receivable.

At December 31, 2025, three customers accounted for approximately 21%, 20%, and 14%, respectively, of our customer accounts receivable. At December 31, 2024, three customers accounted for approximately 42%, 21% and 11%, respectively, of our customer accounts receivable.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, four customers accounted for approximately 28%, 20%, 18% and 12%, respectively, of total revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2024, four customers accounted for approximately 39%, 11%, 11% and 11%, respectively, of total revenue.

Further, our accounts receivables are from companies within or serving the solar industry and, as such, we are exposed to normal industry credit risks. We continually evaluate our allowance for credit losses and establish new provisions as needed for additional losses, if any.

***Commodity Price Risk***

As a result of our acquisition of Alpha Steel in November 2025, we have now begun directly procuring certain raw materials to meet the needs of our customers for U.S.-based equipment. In addition, we also subcontract to various contract manufacturers, who manufacture and deliver products directly to our customers. Generally, with subcontractors, we do not procure raw materials or commodities directly. We are subject to risk from fluctuating market prices for purchases of certain commodity raw materials, including steel and aluminum, which are used in our products, including indirectly for materials purchased through our contract manufacturers, as increases in these commodity prices would increase our cost of procuring subcontracting services. Prices of these raw materials may be affected by supply restrictions or other market factors from time to time. Significant price increases for these raw materials could reduce our operating margins if we are unable to recover such increases in costs from our customers, and could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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**Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.**

**INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page** |
| **Audited Consolidated Financial Statements** |  |
| [<u>Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID</u> 243<u>)</u>](#bdo_report) | 66 |
| [<u>Consolidated Balance Sheets</u>](#consolidated_balance_sheet) | 68 |
| [<u>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss</u>](#consolidated_statement_of_operations) | 69 |
| [<u>Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)</u>](#stmt_of_changes_in_stockholders_equity) | 70 |
| [<u>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</u>](#consolidated_stmt_of_cash_flows) | 71 |
| [<u>Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</u>](#consolidated_notes) | 72 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 1. Description of business</u>](#note_1) | 72 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 2. Summary of significant accounting policies</u>](#note_2) | 72 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 3. Acquisition and disposition</u>](#atlas_sale) | 83 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 4. Reduction in force</u>](#rif) | 84 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 5. Accounts receivable, net</u>](#receivables) | 85 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 6. Inventories</u>](#inventory) | 86 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 7. Prepaid and other current assets</u>](#prepaids) | 86 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 8. Leases</u>](#leases) | 86 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 9. Property and equipment, net</u>](#property) | 87 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 10. Goodwill</u>](#intangibles) | 87 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 11. Equity method investment</u>](#equity_investment) | 88 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 12. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities</u>](#accruals) | 88 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 13. Income taxes</u>](#taxes) | 89 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 14. Debt</u>](#debt) | 91 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 15. Commitments and contingencies</u>](#commitments) | 95 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 16. Stockholders' equity</u>](#equity) | 96 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 17. ATM program</u>](#atm) | 96 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 18. Stock compensation and other employee benefit plans</u>](#stock_comp) | 97 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 19. Related party transactions</u>](#related_parties) | 100 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 20. Net loss per share</u>](#eps) | 101 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 21. Fair value measurements</u>](#fair_value) | 101 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 22. Sale of investment in unconsolidated subsidiary</u>](#equity_method_invest) | 102 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 23. Segment information and certain concentrations</u>](#geographic) | 102 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[<u>Note 24. Subsequent events</u>](#subsequent_events) | 104 |

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**Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

Shareholders and Board of Directors

FTC Solar, Inc.

Austin, Texas

# Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of FTC Solar, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

# Going Concern Uncertainty
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has recurring losses from operations and cash outflows from operations, is required to repay a portion of the principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement in 2026, and there is uncertainty as to the Company's ability to meet certain financial covenants required under the Credit Agreement that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

# Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ BDO USA, P.C.

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2023.

Austin, Texas

March 23, 2026

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**FTC Solar, Inc.**

**Consolidated Balance Sheets**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands, except shares and per share data)** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| **ASSETS** |  |  |
| **Current assets** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $21105 | $11247 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $3,069 and $1,717 at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 55743 | 39709 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories | 9627 | 10144 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid and other current assets | 11294 | 15028 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current assets | 97769 | 76128 |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 983 | 1149 |
| Property and equipment, net | 3793 | 2217 |
| Goodwill | 7444 | 7139 |
| Equity method investment |  | 954 |
| Other assets | 1823 | 2341 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total assets** | $111812 | $89928 |
| **LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)** |  |  |
| **Current liabilities** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | $13247 | $12995 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term debt | 12681 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses | 23770 | 20134 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Income taxes payable | 630 | 325 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue | 7172 | 5306 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other current liabilities | 10725 | 10313 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current liabilities | 68225 | 49073 |
| Long-term debt | 9921 | 9466 |
| Operating lease liability, net of current portion | 553 | 411 |
| Warrant liability | 74515 | 9520 |
| Other non-current liabilities | 1556 | 2422 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities | 154770 | 70892 |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |
| **Stockholders' equity (deficit)** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock par value of $0.0001 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock par value of $0.0001 per share, 850,000,000 shares authorized; 15,537,344 and 12,853,823 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | 2 | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Treasury stock, at cost; 1,076,257 shares as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in capital | 384648 | 367318 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (290) | (542) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated deficit | (427318) | (347741) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total stockholders' equity (deficit)** | (42958) | 19036 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total liabilities and stockholders' equity (deficit)** | $111812 | $89928 |

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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**FTC Solar, Inc.**

**Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands, except shares and per share data)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Revenue: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Product | $80311 | $37520 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Service | 19376 | 9835 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue | 99687 | 47355 |
| Cost of revenue: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Product | 76400 | 48185 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Service | 24167 | 11764 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total cost of revenue | 100567 | 59949 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Gross loss** | (880) | (12594) |
| Operating expenses |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 4387 | 5915 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and marketing | 6201 | 8881 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 23955 | 25440 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 34543 | 40236 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Loss from operations** | (35423) | (52830) |
| Interest expense | (8205) | (665) |
| Interest income | 23 | 346 |
| Gain from disposal of investment in unconsolidated subsidiary | 3204 | 8807 |
| Gain on sale of Atlas | 140 | 906 |
| Loss from change in fair value of warrant liability | (40686) | (4322) |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | (173) |  |
| Bargain purchase gain | 377 |  |
| Other income, net | 140 | 468 |
| Income (loss) from unconsolidated subsidiary | 1551 | (1086) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Loss before income taxes** | (79052) | (48376) |
| Provision for income taxes | (525) | (230) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net loss** | (79577) | (48606) |
| **Other comprehensive income (loss):** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign currency translation adjustments | 252 | (249) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Comprehensive loss** | $(79325) | $(48855) |
| **Net loss per share:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic and diluted | $(5.68) | $(3.83) |
| **Weighted-average common shares outstanding:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic and diluted | 14012298 | 12675923 |

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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**FTC Solar, Inc.**

**Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)**

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| | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Preferred stock** | **Preferred stock** | **Common stock** | **Common stock** | **Treasury stock** | **Treasury stock** |  |  |  |  |
| **(in thousands, except shares)** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional<br>paid-In<br>capital** | **Accumulated other<br>comprehensive<br>loss** | **Accumulated<br>deficit** | **Total<br>stockholders'<br>equity (deficit)** |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | $— | 12544533 | $1 | 1076257 | $— | $361898 | $(293) | $(299135) | $62471 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued during the period for vested restricted stock awards |  |  | 231893 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |  |  | 12629 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional shares issued for fractional share roundup |  |  | 64768 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5412 |  |  | 5412 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (48606) | (48606) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (249) |  | (249) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 |  |  | 12853823 | 1 | 1076257 |  | 367318 | (542) | (347741) | 19036 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued during the period for vested restricted stock awards |  |  | 471183 | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |  |  | 9500 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise of warrants |  |  | 1750000 |  |  |  | 7927 |  |  | 7927 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sale of shares |  |  | 452838 |  |  |  | 4551 |  |  | 4551 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock offering costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (122) |  |  | (122) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4960 |  |  | 4960 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (79577) | (79577) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive gain |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 252 |  | 252 |
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 |  | $— | 15537344 | $2 | 1076257 | $— | $384648 | $(290) | $(427318) | $(42958) |

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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**FTC Solar, Inc.**

**Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Cash flows from operating activities** |  |  |
| Net loss | $(79577) | $(48606) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 4960 | 5412 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 1275 | 1671 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss from change in fair value of warrant liability | 40686 | 4322 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of debt discount and issue costs | 3802 | 296 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paid-in-kind non-cash interest | 2567 | 146 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Provision for obsolete and slow-moving inventory |  | 177 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Income) loss from unconsolidated subsidiary | (1551) | 1086 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain from disposal of investment in unconsolidated subsidiary | (3204) | (8807) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on sale of Atlas | (140) | (906) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss on extinguishment of debt | 173 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bargain purchase gain | (377) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Warranties issued and remediation added | 3140 | 7204 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Warranty recoverable from manufacturer | 366 | 558 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Credit loss provisions | 1352 | 2072 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred income taxes | 221 | 83 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lease expense | 1166 | 1123 |
| Impact on cash from changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | (10191) | 23498 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories | 1429 | (6416) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid and other current assets | 3498 | (934) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other assets | 35 | (376) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | (4507) | 4963 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accruals and other current liabilities | 2559 | (19292) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue | 1866 | 1754 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other non-current liabilities | (1629) | (2696) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lease payments and other, net | (1363) | (1031) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash used in operations | (33444) | (34699) |
| **Cash flows from investing activities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of property and equipment | (1129) | (1645) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from sale of Atlas software platform | 140 | 900 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 6 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equity method investment in Alpha Steel |  | (1800) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | 580 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from disposal of investment in unconsolidated subsidiary | 3204 | 8807 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash provided by investing activities | 2801 | 6262 |
| **Cash flows from financing activities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from borrowings | 35955 | 14550 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sale of common stock | 4710 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock offering costs paid | (122) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Financing costs paid | (159) | (60) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from stock option exercises | 15 | 8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash provided by financing activities | 40399 | 14498 |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 102 | (49) |
| Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 9858 | (13988) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 11247 | 25235 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $21105 | $11247 |
| **Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of property and equipment included in ending accounts payable and accruals | $17 | $51 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fair value of common stock issued upon warrant exercise | $7927 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alpha Steel purchase price included in short-term debt | $2638 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right-of-use asset and lease liability recognition for new leases | $643 | $500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paid-in-kind non-cash interest added to term loan principal | $2567 | $146 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid during the period for interest | $786 | $222 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid during the period for taxes, net of refunds | $12 | $133 |

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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**FTC Solar, Inc.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**December 31, 2025**

**Note 1. Description of business**

FTC Solar, Inc. (the "Company", "we", "our", or "us") was founded in 2017 and is incorporated in the state of Delaware. In April 2021, we completed an initial public offering ("IPO"), and our common stock currently trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") under the symbol "FTCI".

We are a global provider of solar tracker systems, supported by proprietary software and value-added engineering services. Solar tracker systems move solar panels throughout the day to maintain an optimal orientation relative to the sun, thereby increasing the amount of solar energy produced at a solar installation. Our one module-in-portrait ("1P") solar tracker system is marketed under the Pioneer brand name ("Pioneer"), and our original two modules-in-portrait ("2P") solar tracker system is marketed under the Voyager brand name ("Voyager"). We also have a mounting solution to support the installation and use of U.S.-manufactured thin-film modules. Our primary software offerings include SUNPATH, which helps customers optimize solar tracking for increased energy production, and our SUNOPS real-time operations management platform. In addition, we have a team of renewable energy professionals available to assist our U.S. and worldwide clients in site layout, structural design, pile testing and other needs across the solar project development and construction cycle. Our products and services provide tracker solutions for large utility-scale solar and distributed generation projects around the world. Our customers are primarily engineering, procurement and construction companies ("EPCs") and we also contract with developers and owners. The Company is headquartered in Austin, Texas, and has international subsidiaries in Australia, China, India, South Africa and Spain.

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act. Under the JOBS Act, we elected to use the allowed extended transition period to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

**Note 2. Summary of significant accounting policies**

**Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation**

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the results of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and have been prepared based on the assumption that the Company will continue as a going concern and are in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. As discussed further in "Liquidity and Going Concern" below, given the Company's current cash balances, subject to future minimum unrestricted cash covenants, and recurring losses from operations, management has concluded that there is substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern during the next year.

We will consolidate a Variable Interest Entity ("VIE") where it has been determined that we are the primary beneficiary of the entity's operations. The primary beneficiary is the party that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In evaluating whether we are the primary beneficiary, we will evaluate our power to direct the most significant activities of the VIE by considering the purpose and design of the entity and the risks the entity was designed to create and pass through to its variable interest holders. We also will evaluate our economic interests in the VIE.

We currently operate in one business segment, the manufacturing and servicing of solar tracker systems. See Note 23, "Segment information and certain concentrations" below for further discussion.

**Liquidity and Going Concern**

We have incurred cumulative losses since inception and have a history of cash outflows from operations, inclusive of $33.4 million in cash utilized for our operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, we had cash on hand of $21.1 million, $29.5 million of working capital, $22.6 million of net total debt and an accumulated deficit of $427.3 million.

<u>ATM program</u>

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As of December 31, 2025, in addition to our cash on hand and working capital, we had approximately $9.0 million of remaining capacity available for future sales of our common stock under an effective prospectus supplement to our at the market facility under the At the Market Offering Agreement dated May 1, 2025 (the "Sale Agreement") with H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC and the related prospectus covering the offering, issuance and sale of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of approximately $13.75 million of our common stock that may be sold under such At the Market Offering Agreement in at the market offerings (the "ATM program"). There can be no assurance regarding the price at which we will be able to sell such shares in the future, whether under the ATM program or other securities offerings, and any sales of our common stock under the ATM program or other securities offerings may be at prices that result in additional dilution to our existing stockholders.

<u>Credit Agreement</u>

As described further in Note 14, "Debt" below, on July 2, 2025 (the "Credit Agreement Closing Date"), we entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Original Credit Agreement") by and among the Company, as borrower, each lender party thereto (the "Lenders"), and Acquiom Agency Services LLC, as administrative agent for the Lenders. On November 11, 2025, we entered into the First Amendment to Credit Agreement with the administrative agent on behalf of the Lenders (the "First Amendment") to amend certain financial covenants applicable to us and in connection with our agreement to acquire 100% of the membership interests of Alpha Steel LLC ("Alpha Steel").

On March 23, 2026, we entered into a Second Amendment and Limited Waiver to Credit Agreement (the "Second Amendment" and the Original Credit Agreement as amended by the First Amendment and the Second Amendment, the "Credit Agreement") pursuant to which: (i) the Lenders provided a waiver relating to our breach of the purchase order covenant for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025; (ii) the Lenders agreed that a purchase order covenant will not apply to us until the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027; and (iii) we and the Lenders agreed to further amend the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement. The amended financial covenants applicable under the Credit Agreement are summarized below. Additionally, in connection with the Second Amendment, we agreed to repay a portion of the principal amount outstanding under the Credit Agreement as follows: (x) $2.5 million of principal was repaid on March 23, 2026; (y) $2.5 million of principal will be repaid on May 22, 2026; and (z) $5.0 million of principal will be repaid on September 30, 2026. The amount of each of the foregoing principal repayments is referred to as an "ECF Repayment Amount".

The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured term facility of up to $75 million, consisting of (i) Initial Term Loans and First Delayed Draw Term Loans (both as defined in the Credit Agreement) that were funded during 2025 in an aggregate principal amount of $37.5 million, and (ii) up to $37.5 million principal amount of Second Delayed Draw Term Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement) that may be requested by the Company and approved by the Lenders in their sole discretion (collectively, with the Initial Term Loans and the First Delayed Draw Term Loans, the "Term Loans"). The Term Loans currently outstanding mature on July 2, 2029.

As amended by the Second Amendment, the Credit Agreement includes the following financial covenants.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•<u>Unrestricted Cash Amount</u>. The Company is required to have unrestricted cash balances as of the last day of the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2026 equal to the greater of (i) $15.0 million and (ii) $20.0 million minus the total ECR Repayment Amounts paid by the Company pursuant to the Credit Agreement on or prior to June 30, 2026. The Company currently anticipates that this covenant will require the Company to have at least $15.0 million in unrestricted cash as of June 30, 2026. The Company is further required to have unrestricted cash balances as of the last day of the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2026 and each fiscal quarter thereafter equal to the greater of (i) $10.0 million and (ii) $20.0 million minus the total ECF Repayment Amounts actually paid by the Company to the Lenders pursuant to the Credit Agreement prior to such date. The Company currently anticipates that this financial covenant will require the Company to have at least $10.0 million of unrestricted cash as of September 30, 2026 and each fiscal quarter thereafter.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•<u>Quarterly Revenue</u>. The Company is required to have consolidated quarterly revenue of at least: (i) $25.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2026; (ii) $50.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2026; and (iii) $75.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2026 and the last day of each fiscal quarter thereafter. This revenue covenant does not apply for the quarter ending March 31, 2026.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•<u>Consolidated EBITDA</u>. For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2026, the Company's consolidated EBITDA may not be less than $10.0 million, and for the 12-month period ending December 31, 2027 and the last day of each fiscal year thereafter, the Company's consolidated EBITDA may not be less than $25.0 million.

Additionally, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2026, the Company's direct tracker margin

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must exceed certain thresholds for each fiscal quarter, and the financial covenants include a requirement that the amounts due to the Company under new purchase orders must meet certain thresholds beginning with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027.

<u>Purchase of remaining interests in Alpha Steel</u>

On November 11, 2025, we entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with Taihua New Energy (Thailand) Co. LTD. ("Taihua") and DAYV LLC (collectively, the "Selling Members") pursuant to which we agreed to purchase 100% of the Membership Interests of Alpha Steel, with such transaction closing on November 12, 2025. As consideration for the transactions under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, we agreed to pay the Selling Members a total of approximately $2.7 million for their Membership Interests in varying installments within five business days following each of January 1, 2026, April 1, 2026 and July 1, 2026 (the "Post-Closing Payments"). The Post-Closing Payments are evidenced by promissory notes issued by the Company to each of the Selling Members (the "Acquisition Notes"), and the Acquisition Notes have been secured by all of Alpha Steel's assets; provided, however, the security interests granted to each of the Selling Members under the Acquisition Notes are subordinate and junior to the security interests in favor of the Lenders under the Credit Agreement.

<u>Conclusion of substantial doubt</u>

In view of the requirements for quarterly cash interest payments and certain specified principal payments under the Credit Agreement (including the required prepayments summarized above) and Amended and Restated Promissory Note and subsequent waiver agreement, principal and interest payments for the Acquisition Notes, as well as our prior default on the purchase order covenant under the Credit Agreement for the period ended December 31, 2025, recent financial performance, including our history of operating losses and cash outflows, and considering that the availability of additional financing provided by the Credit Agreement in the form of Second Delayed Draw Term Loans is not completely within our control, we believe these factors create uncertainty as to our ability to fully meet the financial covenant requirements under the Credit Agreement during the twelve months following issuance of this Annual Report. Therefore, we have concluded that substantial doubt exists as to our ability to continue as a going concern within the next year.

Our ability to meet our liquidity needs over the next year is dependent upon (i) our cash on hand (subject to (x) required principal repayments of $2.5 million and $5.0 million during May 2026 and September 2026, respectively, under the Credit Agreement and (y) a $15.0 million minimum unrestricted cash covenant under the Credit Agreement effective for the quarter ending June 30, 2026 and as further reduced by required principal repayments under the Credit Agreement thereafter) and our compliance with the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement, (ii) our current expectations of increased project activity and cash flow during the twelve-month period following issuance of our consolidated financial statements, (iii) the availability of additional proceeds in the form of Second Delayed Draw Term Loans that may be requested by the Company and approved by the Lenders in their sole discretion, (iv) utilization, as appropriate, of the capacity available for future sales of our common stock under the ATM program, and (v) if we determine necessary, our ability to raise additional capital through other securities offerings. In addition, we continue to remain focused on implementing additional cost savings steps, which could impact, among other things, the location of our headcount and the level of services currently provided by third parties.

**Use of estimates**

Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported revenue and expenses during the period. Estimates are used for calculating the measure of progress of our solar tracker projects and deriving the standalone selling prices of the individual performance obligations when determining amounts to recognize for revenue, estimating allowances for credit losses and slow-moving and obsolete inventory, determining useful lives of long-lived assets and the estimated fair value of those assets for impairment assessments, and estimating the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations, investments, warrants, stock compensation awards, warranty liabilities and federal and state taxes, including tax valuation allowances, as well as other contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and anticipated results, trends, and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events. Actual results could differ from those estimates due to risks and uncertainties.

**Concentrations of credit risk**

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable.

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We regularly maintain cash balances with various financial institutions that exceed federally insured amounts, but we have experienced no losses associated with these amounts to date. We periodically evaluate the financial health of the financial institutions we use and may take action in future periods, similar to past actions, to reallocate cash balances between financial institutions based on our evaluation.

We extend credit to customers in the normal course of business, often without requiring collateral. We also perform credit analyses and monitor the financial health of our customers to reduce credit risk.

Our accounts receivables are derived from revenue earned from customers primarily located in the United States, Australia and South Africa. None of our legal entities, other than the United States, accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated revenue included in these consolidated financial statements. Most of our customers are project developers, solar asset owners and engineering, procurement and construction ("EPC") contractors that design and build solar energy projects. Often times, as discussed further in "Note 5, Accounts receivable, net" and "Note 23, Segment information and certain concentrations" below, a small number of customers account for a significant portion of our revenue for each period and our outstanding receivables at each period end.

**Cash and cash equivalents**

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Certain of our cash equivalents include deposits in money market funds that invest primarily in short-term securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities and contain no restrictions on immediate redemption. Interest earned on cash equivalents is included in interest income in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

**Accounts receivable, net**

Trade receivables are recorded at invoiced amounts, net of allowances for credit losses, and do not bear interest. We generally do not require collateral from our customers; however, in certain circumstances, we may require letters of credit, other collateral, additional guarantees or advance payments.

The allowance for credit losses is based on the lifetime expected credit loss of our customer accounts. To assess the lifetime expected credit loss, we utilize a loss rate method that takes into consideration historical experience and certain other factors, as appropriate, such as credit quality, current economic or other conditions and changes in project status that may affect a customer's ability to pay. Provisions for credit losses are included as a component of our selling and marketing expenses.

Receivables arising from revenue recognized in excess of billings represent our unconditional right to consideration before customers are invoiced due to the level of progress obtained as of period end on our contracts to procure and deliver tracker systems and related equipment. Further information may be found below in our [<u>revenue recognition policy</u>](#revenue_policy).

**Inventories**

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with costs computed on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company periodically reviews its inventories for excess and obsolete items and adjusts carrying costs to estimated net realizable values when they are determined to be less than cost.

**Leases**

We make a determination whether a contract is a lease or contains a lease at the inception of the contract and will reassess that conclusion if the contract is modified. All leases are assessed for classification as an operating lease or a finance lease. Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets are reflected on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating lease liabilities are separated into a current portion, which is included in other current liabilities, and a noncurrent portion which is reflected separately on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company does not have any finance lease ROU assets or liabilities.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The Company does not obtain and control its right to use the identified asset until the lease commencement date.

Our lease liabilities are recognized at the applicable lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments required to be paid over the lease term. Because the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable, we generally use our incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payments to present value. The estimated incremental borrowing rate is derived from information available at the lease commencement date. We factor in

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publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics when calculating our incremental borrowing rates. The Company's ROU assets are also recognized at the applicable lease commencement date. The ROU asset equals the carrying amount of the related lease liability, adjusted for any lease payments made prior to lease commencement and lease incentives provided by the lessor. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and do not factor into the measurement of the applicable ROU asset or lease liability.

The term of our leases equals the non-cancellable period of the lease, including any rent-free periods provided by the lessor, and also include options to renew or extend the lease (including by not terminating the lease) that we are reasonably certain to exercise. We establish the term of each lease at lease commencement and reassess that term in subsequent periods when one of the triggering events outlined in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842 occurs. Our operating lease cost for the lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Our lease contracts often include lease and non-lease components. For facility leases, we elected the practical expedient offered by the standard to not separate lease from non-lease components and, therefore, account for them as a single lease component. For our other contracts that include leases, the Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components separately.

We have elected, for all classes of underlying assets, not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less. Lease cost for short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

**Property and equipment, net**

*Cost*

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Maintenance and repair costs that do not extend the useful life or improve an asset, are expensed as incurred.

Third-party and internal personnel costs are capitalized during the application development stage of software developed or obtained for internal use or, for marketed software, once technological feasibility is reached. Costs incurred during the preliminary planning stage and post-implementation of new software systems projects, including data conversion and training costs, are expensed as incurred, as are costs for marketed software prior to the product reaching a stage of technological feasibility.

*Depreciation*

We depreciate our property and equipment using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which generally are as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Category** | **Depreciation period (in years)** |
| Leasehold improvements | 3 |
| Plant and field equipment | 5 - 10 |
| Information technology equipment | 3 |
| Tooling | 3 |
| Capitalized software | 3 |

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*Impairment*

We review our long-lived assets that are held for use for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable or that its useful life may be shorter than previously expected. If such impairment indicators are present or other factors exist that indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable, we determine whether an impairment has occurred through the use of an undiscounted cash flow analysis of the asset at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows exist. If an impairment has occurred, we recognize a loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset, which in most cases is estimated based upon Level 3 unobservable inputs. If the asset is determined to have a remaining useful life shorter than previously expected, an adjustment for the shorter remaining life will be made for purposes of recognizing future depreciation expense. Assets are classified as held for sale when we have a plan, approved by the appropriate levels of management, for disposal of such assets, as well as other considerations, and those assets are stated at the lower of carrying value or estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell.

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**Goodwill**

We recognize goodwill as the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the identified assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination accounted for using the acquisition method. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to a periodic assessment for impairment at least annually, or whenever events and circumstances indicate an impairment may exist. Our assessments may include qualitative factors such as current or expected industry and market conditions, our overall financial performance, share price trends, market capitalization and other company-specific events.

We operate in one segment, being the consolidated entity, which we have also determined is the reporting unit for goodwill impairment.

No impairment of goodwill was recognized as of December 31, 2025 or during 2024.

**Equity method investment**

We use the equity method of accounting for investments in which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over operating and financial policies of the investee. Our proportionate share of the net income or loss of these investees is included in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Judgment regarding the level of influence over each equity method investment includes considering key factors such as our ownership interest, legal form of the investee, representation on the board of directors or managers, participation in policy-making decisions and material intra-entity transactions.

We account for distributions received from equity method investees under the "nature of the distribution" approach based on the nature of the activity or activities of the investee that generated the distribution as either a return on investment (classified as cash inflows from operating activities) or a return of investment (classified as cash inflows from investing activities).

We evaluate equity method investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment might not be recoverable. Factors considered by the Company when reviewing an equity method investment for impairment include the length of time and the extent to which the fair value of the equity method investment has been less than its cost, the investee's financial condition and near-term prospects and the intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery. An impairment that is other than temporary is recognized in the period identified.

We made an accounting policy election that, upon the sale of our equity method investments, we will recognize contractual contingent gains arising from earnout provisions and project escrow releases when such amounts are realizable in periods subsequent to the disposal date.

**Deferred costs**

*Debt discount and issue costs*

Legal, consulting, accounting and other fees that are incremental and directly related to issuances of long-term debt, including any discounts on the debt, such as the fair value of associated warrants issued contemporaneously with the debt or debt original issue discounts, are capitalized and reflected as a reduction to the principal amount of our outstanding debt. These costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt using the interest method. Similar costs relating to the establishment of a line of credit facility, with no current outstanding borrowings, will be capitalized and included as a component of other assets and amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the line of credit facility.

*Equity offering costs*

Legal, consulting, banking, accounting and other fees that are incremental and directly related to anticipated equity offerings are capitalized as incurred and offset against proceeds received upon consummation of the offering as a component of additional paid-in capital. In the event an anticipated offering is terminated, such costs will be expensed.

**Warrants**

Warrants issued for the purchase of our common stock are evaluated for liability or equity classification and recorded at fair value upon issuance. Fair value may be determined using a Black-Scholes model or other valuation technique depending on the terms of the warrants, based primarily on Level 2 inputs. Warrants containing clauses that could require settlement in cash or with other assets are reflected as liabilities whereas warrants that may only be

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settled with the issuance of our common stock are reflected as a component of our equity. Warrants classified as liabilities are adjusted to current fair value at the end of each reporting period with changes reflected in our results of operations. Legal, consulting, accounting and other fees that are incremental and directly related to the issuance of warrants are expensed as incurred for warrants classified as liabilities or shown as a reduction to the value of our warrants as reflected in our equity.

**Warranty**

Typically, the sale of solar tracker projects includes parts warranties to customers as part of the overall price of the product. We provide standard assurance type warranties for our products for periods generally ranging from five to ten years. We also accrue for costs relating to remediation efforts involving product issues we believe require correction. We record a provision for estimated warranty and remediation expenses in cost of sales, net of amounts recoverable from manufacturers under their warranty obligations to us. When historical claims information relating to our equipment is not sufficient, we will base our estimates on industry studies involving the nature and frequency of product failure rates for similar parts used by our competitors, as well as other related businesses. We do not maintain general or unspecified reserves; all warranty reserves are related to specific projects. All actual or estimated material costs incurred for warranty or remediation services in subsequent periods are charged to those established reserves.

While we periodically monitor our warranty activities and claims, if actual costs incurred were to be different from our estimates, we would recognize adjustments to our warranty reserves in the period in which those differences arise or are identified.

**Stock-based compensation**

We recognize compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made, including stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs"), based on the estimated fair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model for awards with service-based vesting or through use of a lattice model or a Monte Carlo simulation for stock options and RSU awards with market conditions. The fair value of RSUs with only service or performance-based vesting is based on the estimated fair value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. We consider the closing price of our stock, as reported on Nasdaq, to be the fair value of our stock on the grant date.

The Black-Scholes model and Monte Carlo simulations rely on various assumptions, in addition to the exercise price of the option and the value of our common stock on the date of grant. These assumptions include:

*Expected Term:* The expected term represents the period that the Company's stock-based awards and warrants are expected to be outstanding and is calculated for option grants as the average of the option vesting and contractual terms, based on the simplified method, when we did not have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term for options at the dates granted. The simplified method deems the term to be the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the options. The contractual life of an option may be up to 10 years. Monte Carlo simulations, as described below, estimate the derived service period of awards with market conditions.

*Expected Volatility:* Since the Company did not have a trading history of its common stock prior to our IPO and since such trading history subsequent to our IPO is limited and may be less than the expected term of an award or our warrants, the expected volatility is derived from a weighted average of (i) our historical volatility over our entire trading history, with respect to certain more recent awards, and, if needed, (ii) the average historical stock volatilities of several public companies within the Company's industry that it considers to be comparable to its business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants, or awards granted with market conditions.

*Risk-Free Interest Rate:* The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equivalent to the expected term.

*Expected Dividend Yield:* The Company has not issued any dividends in its history and does not expect to issue dividends over the life of the options or warrants and, therefore, has estimated the dividend yield to be zero.

We use Monte Carlo simulations for certain awards granted with market conditions which provide an estimated average present value for each award based on a simulation assuming Geometric Brownian Motion in a risk-neutral framework using up to 250,000 simulation paths to determine the derived service and vesting periods.

Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. For service-based awards, stock-based compensation is recognized using the straight-line attribution approach over the requisite service period. For performance-based awards, stock-based compensation is recognized based on graded vesting over the requisite service period when the performance

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condition is probable of being achieved. Stock compensation expense for market-based awards is recognized over the derived service period determined in the valuation model, inclusive of any vesting conditions.

**Income taxes**

Pursuant to ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, we use the asset and liability method for accounting for income taxes. Under this method, we recognize deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the respective carrying amounts and tax basis of our assets and liabilities. Deferred tax balances are adjusted to reflect tax rates based on currently enacted tax laws, which will be in effect in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period of the enactment date.

We establish valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate the need for, and the adequacy of, valuation allowances based on the expected realization of our deferred tax assets. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization include our latest forecast of future taxable income, available tax planning strategies that could be implemented, reversal of taxable temporary differences and carryback potential to realize the net deferred tax assets.

We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with authoritative guidance which prescribes a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. Our evaluations of tax positions consider various factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, information obtained during in-process audit activities and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. We accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

**Functional currency**

The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. We determine the functional currency of each subsidiary in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters, based on the currency of the primary economic environment in which each subsidiary operates. We translate the assets and liabilities of our non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are recognized as a cumulative translation adjustment in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" in "Total stockholders' equity (deficit)" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company remeasures monetary assets and liabilities that are not denominated in the functional currency at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Foreign currency gains or losses realized or from remeasurement are reflected in "Other income, net" in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

**Revenue recognition**

Product revenue is derived from the sale of solar tracker systems and customized components for those systems, individual part sales for certain specific transactions and the sale of term-based software licenses. Term-based licensed software is deployed on the customers' own servers and has significant standalone functionality.

Service revenue includes revenue from shipping and handling services, engineering consulting and pile testing services, our subscription-based enterprise licensing model and maintenance and support services in connection with the term-based software licenses. Our subscription-based enterprise licensing model typically has contract terms ranging from one to two years and consists of subscription fees from the licensing of subscription services. Our hosted on-demand service arrangements do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the hosted services. Support services include ongoing security updates, upgrades, bug fixes, and maintenance.

We recognize revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services by following a five-step process: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation, as further described below.

*Identify the contract with a customer:* A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party's rights regarding the products and services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these products and services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance, and (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for products and services that are transferred is probable based on the customer's intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. In

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assessing the recognition of revenue, we also evaluate whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one contract and if the combined or single contract should be accounted for as multiple performance obligations which could change the amount of revenue and profit (loss) recorded in a period. Change orders may include changes in specifications or design, manner of performance, equipment, materials, scope of work, and/or the period of completion of the project. We analyze change orders to determine if they should be accounted for as a modification to an existing contract or a new stand-alone contract.

Contracts we enter into with our customers for sale of solar tracker systems are generally under two different types of arrangements: (1) purchase agreements and equipment supply contracts ("Purchase Agreements"), and (2) sale of individual parts for those systems.

Change orders from our customers that are deemed to be modifications to existing contracts are included in the total estimated contract revenue when it is probable that the change order will result in additional value that can be reliably estimated and realized.

*Identify the performance obligations in the contract:* We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are either capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations or as one performance obligation since the majority of tasks and services are part of a single project or capability. However, determining whether products or services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may sometimes require significant judgment.

Our Purchase Agreements typically include two performance obligations: 1) our solar tracker systems or customized components of those systems, and 2) shipping and handling services. The deliverables included as part of our solar tracker systems are predominantly accounted for as one performance obligation, as these deliverables are part of a combined promise to deliver a project.

The revenue for shipping and handling services will be recognized over time based on progress in meeting shipping terms of the arrangements, as this faithfully depicts the Company's performance in transferring control. Revenue for stand-alone engineering consulting and pile testing services is recognized at a point in time upon completion of the services performed.

Sales of individual parts of our solar tracker systems for certain specific transactions include multiple performance obligations consisting of individual parts of those systems. Revenue is recognized for parts sales at a point in time when the obligations under the terms of the contract with our customer are satisfied. Generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of the asset, which is in line with shipping terms.

*Determine the transaction price:* The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer. Such amounts are typically stated in the customer contract, and to the extent that we identify variable consideration, we will estimate the variable consideration at the onset of the arrangement as long as it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Other than with respect to the impact of changes in tariff rates, the majority of our contracts do not contain variable consideration provisions as a continuation of the original contract. None of our contracts contain a significant financing component. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue.

*Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract:* Once we have determined the transaction price, we allocate the total transaction price to each performance obligation in a manner depicting the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring the good(s) or service(s) to the customer. We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract on a relative standalone selling price basis.

We use the expected cost-plus margin approach based on hardware, labor, and related overhead cost to estimate the standalone selling price of our solar tracker systems, customized components of those systems, and individual parts for certain specific transactions. We also use the expected cost-plus margin approach based on expected third-party shipping and transportation costs to estimate the standalone selling price of our shipping, handling and logistics performance obligations. We use the adjusted market assessment approach for all other performance obligations.

*Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation*: For each performance obligation identified, we determine at contract inception whether we satisfy the performance obligation over time or at a point in time. The performance obligations in the contracts for our solar tracker systems and customized components of those systems are satisfied over time as work progresses, utilizing an input measure of progress determined by cost-to-cost measures on these projects as this faithfully depicts our performance in transferring control. Additionally, our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use, due to the highly customized nature of the product, and we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Our performance

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obligations for individual part sales for certain specific transactions are recognized at a point in time as and when control transfers based on the terms for the contract. Our performance obligations for engineering consulting and pile testing services are recognized at a point in time upon completion of the services. Our performance obligations for term-based software licenses are recognized at a point in time as and when control transfers, either upon delivery to the customer or the software license start date, whichever is later. Our performance obligations for shipping and handling services are satisfied over time as the services are delivered over the term of the contract. We recognize revenue for subscription and other services on a straight-line basis over the contract period. With regard to support revenue, a time-elapsed method is used to measure progress because we transfer control evenly over the contractual period. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to support revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term.

*Impact of changes in tariffs on our revenue recognition:* In cases where our existing contracts have legally enforceable terms that allow us to pass the increased cost of tariffs to our customers automatically, any change in the transaction price will be accounted for as a change in our estimate of variable consideration and allocated to our performance obligations on the same basis as our initial allocation at contract inception. Where price changes resulting from tariffs need to be separately negotiated and agreed to with our customers, we will apply contract modification guidance once the modification is enforceable. We will also take into account tariff rates in effect at each period end in measuring our progress toward satisfaction of our performance obligations in recognizing revenue.

*Contract assets and liabilities:* The timing of revenue recognition, billing, and cash collection results in the recognition of accounts receivable, unbilled receivables for revenue recognized in excess of billings, and deferred revenue in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have elected to use the practical expedient of expensing incremental costs of obtaining a contract for our contracts of less than one year in duration. We may receive advances or deposits from our customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities, which are reflected as "deferred revenue" in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Customer deposits are short term as the related performance obligations are typically fulfilled within 12 months. Changes in deferred revenue relate to fluctuations in the timing of customer deposits and completion of performance obligations. Revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 from amounts included in deferred revenue at each respective prior year end totaled $5.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively, and were equal to the amount of each respective prior year-end deferred revenue balance.

Cost of revenue consists primarily of costs related to raw materials, equipment manufacturing activities, net of incentives earned, freight and delivery, tariffs, product warranty, remediation and personnel costs (salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation). Personnel costs in cost of revenue include both direct labor costs, as well as costs attributable to any individuals whose activities relate to the procurement, installment and delivery of the finished product and services. Cost of revenue owed but not yet paid is recorded as accrued cost of revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred cost of revenue, a component of our prepaid and other current assets, results from the timing differences between the costs incurred in advance of the satisfaction of all revenue recognition criteria consistent with our revenue recognition policy.

**Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 ("IRA")**

The IRA was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, and provides for various clean energy credits, including an Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit under Section 45X of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("45X Credit") for eligible parts, including torque tubes and structural fasteners. Prior to our acquisition of a controlling interest in Alpha Steel, as described further in Note 3, "Acquisition and disposition", below, our agreements with Alpha Steel allowed for us to receive benefit of the 45X Credits earned by Alpha Steel in the form of reductions to the purchase price of the products manufactured for us on a per-unit basis. Since the acquisition of Alpha Steel, we have continued to receive the economic benefit of the 45X Credits earned by Alpha Steel. Utilizing guidance in IAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, we recognize the benefits of these reductions as they are earned during the manufacturing process and currently reflect them as receivables and a reduction of our cost of revenue.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBB"), which accelerates the phase-outs and terminations of various eligible tax credits enacted as part of the IRA. We are evaluating the applicability of these provisions to Alpha Steel's ability to generate 45X Credits and the extent to which those credits continue to reduce our manufacturing input costs. Any reduction in the availability or monetization of these credits could increase our costs and adversely affect results of operations.

**Research and development**

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and consist primarily of personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation, along with other costs related to development of new

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products and services, as well as enhancing system performance, improving product reliability, reducing product cost, and simplifying installation. Research and development costs also include depreciation and allocated overhead.

**Advertising costs**

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling and marketing expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

**Fair value of financial instruments**

Our financial instruments consist of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, warrants and debt obligations. Cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are stated at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short time to the expected receipt or payment date. We estimate the fair value of our warrants using a Black-Scholes model involving current assumptions at each reporting period of (i) the per share value of our common stock, (ii) the expected holding period of the warrants before exercise, (iii) the estimated volatility of our stock over the expected holding period of the warrants, (iv) a risk free interest rate over the expected holding period of the warrants and, (v) an estimated dividend yield on our common stock over the expected holding period of the warrants. Each of those assumptions are subject to change over time. The fair value of our fixed-rate debt obligations is estimated based primarily on Level 2 inputs involving credit spreads on similar debt and other market participant factors involving observed secured and unsecured recovery rates for similar debt subsequent to our initial borrowings.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value has been defined to minimize the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the use of observable market data when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on active market data. Unobservable inputs we select reflect our assumptions about what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information currently available.

The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

We account for our long-term debt on an amortized cost basis.

**Recent accounting and regulatory pronouncements not yet adopted**

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 requires companies to disclose (i) additional categories of information about federal, state and foreign income taxes above a quantitative threshold in their rate reconciliation table and (ii) income taxes paid, net of refunds, disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes for annual periods, as well as other disclosure changes. As an emerging growth company, we are not required to adopt ASU 2023-09 prior to 2026. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on our existing income tax disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 - Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-04) ("ASU 2024-03"). ASU 2024-03 requires companies to disclose additional specific information including, among other things, (a) purchases of inventory, (b) employee compensation, (c) depreciation, and (d) intangible asset amortization included in each of its expense captions disclosed on the face of its results of operations statement, as well as total selling expenses. As clarified in ASU 2025-01, we are currently required to adopt ASU 2024-03 for our annual reporting effective December 31, 2027 and in our quarterly reporting beginning in 2028.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-04, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This new guidance applies to all entities that issue share-based consideration to a customer that is within the scope of Topic 606. The guidance revises the definition of a performance

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condition to include conditions based on a customer's purchases and eliminates the policy election allowing grantors to account for forfeitures of customer awards as they occur. It also clarifies that the guidance on constraining estimates of variable consideration does not apply to share-based consideration payable to a customer. We are currently required to adopt this new standard on either a modified retrospective or a retrospective basis beginning in the first quarter of 2027. We are evaluating the impact, if any, on the Company upon adoption and have made no determination at this time regarding the method of adoption to be used.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) ("ASU 2025-05"). This new guidance provides companies with a practical expedient to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date will persist through a reasonable and supportable forecast period when adjusting historical data to be used in the estimation of credit losses. We currently anticipate adopting ASU 2025-05 on a prospective basis beginning in 2026.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832) ("ASU 2025-10"). This new guidance establishes the accounting for a government grant received by a business entity, including guidance for (i) a grant related to an asset and (ii) a grant related to income. The standard is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028 and, for other than public business entities, for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2029. We are currently evaluating this standard in relation to our current accounting treatment of 45X Credits described above and are assessing the available transition methods for adopting this new standard.

Other standards that have been issued but not yet adopted as of December 31, 2025, are either not applicable to us or are not expected to have any material impact upon adoption.

**Reclassification**

Prior year amounts relating to interest income in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. There was no impact on our financial condition or results of operations as a result of the reclassification.

**Note 3. Acquisition and disposition**

**Acquisition**

As described further in Note 11, "Equity method investment" below, on February 9, 2023, we entered into an LLC Agreement with Taihua and DAYV LLC for the creation of Alpha Steel, an entity dedicated to producing steel components, including torque tubes and structural fasteners, for utility-scale and distributed generation solar projects. We initially held a 45% interest in Alpha Steel, accounted for under the equity method, whereas Taihua and DAYV LLC owned 51% and 4%, respectively.

On November 11, 2025, we entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with the Selling Members pursuant to which we agreed to purchase 100% of the Membership Interests of Alpha Steel, with such transaction closing on November 12, 2025. As consideration for the transactions under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, we agreed to pay the Selling Members a total of approximately $2.7 million for their Membership Interests in varying installments within five business days following each of January 1, 2026, April 1, 2026 and July 1, 2026. The Post-Closing Payments are evidenced by the Acquisition Notes issued by the Company to each of the Selling Members, and the Acquisition Notes have been secured by all of Alpha Steel's assets; provided, however, the security interests granted to each of the Selling Members under the Acquisition Notes are subordinate and junior to the security interests in favor of the Lenders under the Credit Agreement. The Acquisition Notes bear interest at 3.64% per annum on outstanding balances and mature no later than five business days after July 1, 2026.

The Membership Interest Purchase Agreement includes customary representations and warranties, covenants, and indemnities, in each case under the circumstances and subject to certain limitations set forth in the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement. The indemnification obligations under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement are subject to customary deductibles and caps. The Company's primary source of recovery for indemnifiable damages is set off of such damages against the Post-Closing Payments.

As part of the transactions contemplated by the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, we and CZT Energy (USA) Inc. ("CZT") entered into a Transition Services and Management Agreement, pursuant to which CZT agreed to provide certain transition support and management services to Alpha Steel following the closing of the transactions under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement. In consideration of such services, we agree to pay a lump sum

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of $375,000 for the transition services and a quarterly fee of $125,000 for the management services, with the quarterly fee commencing six months after the closing under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement.

Immediately prior to the November 12, 2025, the estimated fair value of our equity method investment for our 45% ownership interest in Alpha Steel totaled approximately $2.5 million.

Following is information relating to the fair value of the net assets of Alpha Steel that have been consolidated into our financial statements as a result of our initial investment in Alpha Steel and the transactions under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **As of** |
| **(in thousands)** | **November 12, 2025** |
| Cash | $580 |
| Accounts receivable | 4185 |
| Inventories | 912 |
| Property and equipment | 1762 |
| Accounts payable | (4741) |
| Accrued expenses | (14) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total net assets acquired | $2684 |
| **Purchase price:** |  |
| Fair value of short-term acquisition notes payable | 2638 |
| Fair value of equity method investment at acquisition | 2505 |
| Less: Settlement of pre-existing relationships at carrying value | (2836) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total consideration | 2307 |
| Bargain purchase gain | 377 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total net assets acquired | $2684 |

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Largely as a result of an increase in Alpha Steel's net assets from the date the purchase price was established to the November 12, 2025, we recognized a bargain purchase gain of $0.4 million in connection with our acquisition of the remaining interest in Alpha Steel.

Costs incurred in connection with this transaction were not material to our consolidated results. The results of operations attributable to Alpha Steel for the year ended December 31, 2025 were not material. Pro forma information has not been included as the acquisition of Alpha Steel did not have a material impact on our consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2025.

**Disposition**

On December 2, 2024, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with a third-party for the sale of certain assets, including intellectual property, associated with our Atlas web-based software platform, used by customers to organize and manage their solar project portfolios, for a price of $0.9 million, plus future potential earnout payments. We also provided certain assistance involving existing customer relationships and access to various systems, including websites, necessary to support the Atlas platform for nine months following the closing. The incremental cost for such assistance was minimal. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized a gain of $0.9 million from the sale of these assets. Revenue associated with the Atlas software platform was not material to our consolidated results during 2024.

In accordance with our existing accounting policy, we recognize a gain from contingent earnout payments upon receipt. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we received and recognized a gain for such earnout payments totaling $0.1 million.

**Note 4. Reduction in force**

In the fourth quarter of 2024, in order to adjust our overhead costs to reflect market conditions and activity levels at that time, as well as to take advantage of process efficiencies we had gained in previous years due to our design-to-value and cost reduction efforts, we reduced our headcount by 30 employees, or approximately 12% of our existing headcount at that time. Certain of the headcount changes also reflected a shift of our employee base to more

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cost-effective markets with exceptional talent. We also incurred certain additional involuntary severance and termination-related costs in early 2025.

Involuntary severance and termination-related costs recognized were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Cost of revenue | $34 | $70 |
| Research and development |  | 34 |
| Selling and marketing | 141 | 382 |
| General and administrative |  | 152 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $175 | $638 |

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All 2025 costs were paid to former employees during 2025. At December 31, 2024, we had accruals totaling approximately $0.2 million for payments that were also made to our former employees during 2025. Payments made to former employees during 2024 from a prior year reduction in force totaled approximately $3.1 million.

**Note 5. Accounts receivable, net**

Accounts receivable consisted of the following:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Trade receivables | $22722 | $22369 |
| Related party receivables |  | 3121 |
| Revenue recognized in excess of billings | 30889 | 15936 |
| Other receivables | 5201 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | 58812 | 41426 |
| Allowance for credit losses | (3069) | (1717) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net | $55743 | $39709 |

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Information about our related party receivables at December 31, 2024, may be found below in Note 19, "Related party transactions".

We bill our customers for contracted amounts in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, which generally coincide with achievement of specified milestones on a project, such as completion of engineering, shipment, delivery or commissioning. Changes in our revenue recognized in excess of billings relate to fluctuations in the timing of billings in relation to the amount of revenue recognized over time as work progresses.

Other receivables at December 31, 2025 primarily relate to 45X Credits earned by Alpha Steel in connection with their manufacturing activity.

At December 31, 2025, three customers accounted for approximately 21%, 20%, and 14%, respectively, of our customer accounts receivable. At December 31, 2024, three customers accounted for approximately 42%, 21% and 11%, respectively, of our customer accounts receivable.

Activity in the allowance for credit losses in 2025 and 2024, primarily resulting from changes in collectibility estimates related to specific customer accounts, was as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Balance at beginning of period | $1717 | $8557 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amounts charged to earnings during the period | 1352 | 2072 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Write-offs of accounts |  | (8912) |
| Balance at end of period | $3069 | $1717 |

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**Note 6. Inventories**

Inventories consisted of the following:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Raw materials | $452 | $— |
| Work in process | 227 |  |
| Finished goods | 9443 | 10660 |
| Allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventory | (495) | (516) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $9627 | $10144 |

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Activity in the allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventory for each period was as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Balance at beginning of period | $516 | $341 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additions charged to earnings |  | 177 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Write-offs of obsolete inventory | (21) | (2) |
| Balance at end of period | $495 | $516 |

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**Note 7. Prepaid and other current assets**

Prepaid and other current assets consisted of the following:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Vendor deposits | $6393 | $7184 |
| Vendor deposits with related party |  | 2005 |
| Prepaid expenses | 656 | 842 |
| Prepaid taxes | 789 | 595 |
| Deferred cost of revenue | 360 | 433 |
| Other current assets | 3096 | 3969 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $11294 | $15028 |

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At December 31, 2025 and 2024, other current assets included $2.0 million for a non-interest-bearing advance to a customer related to pre-project construction financing activities. This advance is secured by certain customer assets and is currently due.

Additional information about vendor deposits with a related party may be found below in Note 19, "Related party transactions".

**Note 8. Leases**

We lease office and warehouse space in various locations, including in the United States, India and Australia. Additionally, we lease space for an applications laboratory in Austin, Texas and research and development facilities in both Seguin, Texas and India. Apart from our acquisition of Alpha Steel, and the related sublease we have on the Alpha Steel facility, the remainder of our manufacturing is outsourced to contract manufacturing partners, and we currently do not own or lease any other manufacturing facilities.

We utilized a weighted average discount rate of approximately 10% in establishing our operating lease ROU assets and liabilities at lease inception. At December 31, 2025, our weighted average remaining lease term for our operating leases was approximately 2.5 years.

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Our expense for our operating leases consisted of the following:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Operating lease cost | $1166 | $1123 |
| Short-term lease cost | 386 | 390 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total lease cost | $1552 | $1513 |
| Reported in: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of revenue | $858 | $881 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 74 | 91 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and marketing | 88 | 126 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 532 | 415 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total lease cost | $1552 | $1513 |

---

Future remaining operating lease payment obligations were as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | **December 31,<br>2025** |
| 2026 | 535 |
| 2027 | 482 |
| 2028 | 94 |
| 2029 | 57 |
| 2030 | 24 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total lease payments | 1192 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Less: imputed interest | (235) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Present value of operating lease liabilities | $957 |
| Current portion of operating lease liability | $404 |
| Operating lease liability, net of current portion | 553 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Present value of operating lease liabilities | $957 |

---

**Note 9. Property and equipment, net**

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Leasehold improvements | $696 | $338 |
| Plant and field equipment | 2600 | 1108 |
| Information technology equipment | 876 | 659 |
| Tooling | 2347 | 1847 |
| Capitalized software | 1301 | 1011 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | 7820 | 4963 |
| Accumulated depreciation | (4027) | (2746) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Property and equipment, net | $3793 | $2217 |

---

We recognized depreciation expense associated with our property and equipment each period as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Tangible asset depreciation | $1045 | $889 |
| Capitalized software depreciation | 236 | 247 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total depreciation expense | $1281 | $1136 |

---

**Note 10. Goodwill**

Activity in our goodwill balance, arising largely from our acquisition in 2022 of HX Tracker, a China-based supplier of tracker systems, was as follows:

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---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Balance at beginning of period | $7139 | $7353 |
| Translation | 305 | (214) |
| Balance at end of period | $7444 | $7139 |

---

**Note 11. Equity method investment**

On February 9, 2023, we entered into an LLC Agreement to acquire a 45% interest in Alpha Steel that we accounted for under the equity method of accounting as we were not the primary beneficiary in the operations of this entity as a result of our variable interest. The Selling Members held the remaining 55% interest in Alpha Steel.

Largely as a result of certain provisions in the OBBB, and as disclosed in Note 3, "Acquisition and disposition" above, on November 12, 2025, we purchased 100% of the Membership Interests of Alpha Steel.

In connection with the initial creation of Alpha Steel, we had also entered into an equipment supply agreement with Alpha Steel (as amended, the "Supply Agreement"), effective through June 30, 2027, the terms of which applied to our equipment purchase orders with Alpha Steel.

For the period January 1, 2025 through November 12, 2025 we recognized our share of Alpha Steel's net operating profit of $1.6 million in "Income (loss) from unconsolidated subsidiary" in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Our share of Alpha Steel's net operating losses for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $1.1 million.

At December 31, 2024, we were contingently liable for issued but unsatisfied purchase orders of Alpha Steel totaling approximately $0.2 million.

**Note 12. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities**

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Accrued cost of revenue | $16156 | $13033 |
| Related party accrued cost of revenue |  | 1718 |
| Accrued compensation | 2699 | 3687 |
| Accrued interest | 399 |  |
| Other accrued expenses | 4516 | 1696 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total accrued expenses | $23770 | $20134 |
| Warranty reserves | $10357 | $9482 |
| Current portion of operating lease liability | 404 | 755 |
| Non-federal tax obligations | (36) | 76 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total other current liabilities | $10725 | $10313 |

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Information about our related party accrued cost of revenue at December 31, 2024, may be found below in Note 19, "Related party transactions".

Other accrued expenses primarily include amounts due for (i) legal and other costs associated with outstanding legal matters and (ii) other professional services.

Activity by period in the Company's warranty accruals was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Balance at beginning of period | $11904 | $11002 |
| Warranties issued and remediation added during the period | 3140 | 7204 |
| Settlements made during the period | (2367) | (3384) |
| Changes in liability for pre-existing warranties | (764) | (2918) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Balance at end of period | $11913 | $11904 |
|  | **As of** | **As of** |
|  | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Warranty accruals are reported in: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other current liabilities | $10357 | $9482 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other non-current liabilities | 1556 | 2422 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Balance at end of period | $11913 | $11904 |

---

**Note 13. Income taxes**

The components of our loss before income taxes were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| United States loss | $(78927) | $(47125) |
| Foreign loss | (125) | (1251) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total loss before income taxes | $(79052) | $(48376) |

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The provision for income taxes and the reasons for the differences between provision for income taxes using the U.S. federal income tax rate were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Current - |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;State |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign | 304 | 355 |
|  | 304 | 355 |
| Deferred - |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;State |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign | 221 | (125) |
|  | 221 | (125) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Provision for income taxes | $525 | $230 |
| Federal income tax benefit at statutory rate | $(16601) | $(10159) |
| State taxes, net of federal | (1808) | (1778) |
| Research and experimentation tax credit |  | (116) |
| Change in valuation allowance | 10058 | 10724 |
| Stock compensation | 473 | 1480 |
| IRA Credit - Section 6418 Deduction | (2172) |  |
| Deferred tax true ups | 912 | 493 |
| Change in state tax rate | 664 | (1508) |
| Change in fair value of warrant liability | 8544 | 908 |
| Permanent differences and other | 455 | 186 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Provision for income taxes | $525 | $230 |

---

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | **December 31,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| **Deferred tax assets:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fixed assets and intangibles | $145 | $115 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Leases | 131 | 268 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses | 4369 | 4629 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net operating loss carryforward | 83670 | 74596 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Stock options | 1772 | 2132 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;R&D credit carryforward | 1886 | 2119 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 4837 | 3257 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subtotal | 96810 | 87116 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Less: valuation allowance | (96640) | (86582) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total deferred tax assets | 170 | 534 |
| **Deferred tax liabilities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Leases | (130) | (261) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | (40) | (52) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total deferred tax liabilities | (170) | (313) |
| Net deferred tax assets | $— | $221 |

---

The net change in the total valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2025, was an increase of $10.1 million recorded through continuing operations. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2024, was an increase of $10.7 million recorded through continuing operations. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, carryback potential, projected future taxable income and tax planning

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strategies in making this assessment. After consideration of these factors and based upon the level of historical taxable losses, we believe it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences at December 31, 2025.

We have federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $358.2 million at December 31, 2025. These loss carryforwards have an indefinite carryforward period. We also have state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $156.3 million which begin to expire in 2034.

We have federal general business credit carryforwards of approximately $2.4 million at December 31, 2025, which begin to expire in 2038.

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, imposes restrictions on the utilization of net operating losses in the event of an "ownership change" of a corporation. Accordingly, a company's ability to use net operating losses may be limited as prescribed under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 ("IRC Section 382"). Events which may cause limitations in the amount of the net operating losses that the Company may use in any one year include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than 50% over a three-year period. Utilization of the federal and state net operating losses may be subject to substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by the IRC Section 382 and similar state provisions. An ownership change, as defined under Section 382, occurred on December 31, 2021; however, as of the balance sheet date, all the pre-change net operating losses would not be limited by Section 382 due to the cumulative limit.

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as income tax in multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The tax returns for years 2018 and beyond remain open for examination. As of December 31, 2025, we are not currently under audit by any taxing authority.

We account for uncertainty in taxes in accordance with authoritative guidance. Changes in our accruals for unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Balance at beginning of period | $1039 | $1039 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase for tax positions related to the current period |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase for tax provisions related to prior periods |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Decrease for tax positions related to prior periods |  |  |
| Balance at end of period | $1039 | $1039 |

---

The unrecognized tax benefits would not impact the effective tax rate if recognized due to the valuation allowance. We do not anticipate a significant increase or decrease over the next twelve months in the unrecognized tax benefits reported above. As of December 31, 2025, and 2024, we have not accrued any interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits.

**Note 14. Debt**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Acquisition notes | $2681 | $— |
| Principal amount of term loans | 55171 | 15146 |
| Less: discount and deferred loan costs | (35250) | (5680) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total debt, net | 22602 | 9466 |
| Less: short-term debt | (12681) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term debt, net | $9921 | $9466 |

---

**Acquisition notes**

As described further in Note 3, "Acquisition and disposition" above, as consideration for the transactions under the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, we agreed to pay Post Closing Payments totaling approximately $2.7 million to the Selling Members of Alpha Steel in varying installments within five business days following each of January 1, 2026, April 1, 2026 and July 1, 2026. These payments are secured by Acquisition Notes bearing interest on any unpaid balance at a rate of 3.64% per annum, maturing no later than five business days after July 1, 2026. The short-term Acquisition Notes, as reflected above, have been discounted using a market-participant discount rate resulting in an effective interest rate of approximately 12% until maturity.

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**Credit agreement and warrant issuance**

On the Credit Agreement Closing Date, we entered into the Original Credit Agreement with the Lenders, and Acquiom Agency Services LLC, as administrative agent for the Lenders. On November 11, 2025, we entered into the First Amendment to Credit Agreement to amend certain of the financial covenants applicable to us and in connection with our agreement to acquire 100% of the membership interests of Alpha Steel.

On March 23, 2026, we entered into the Second Amendment pursuant to which: (i) the Lenders provided a waiver relating to our breach of the purchase order covenant for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025; (ii) the Lenders agreed that a purchase order covenant will not apply to us until the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027; and (iii) we and the Lenders agreed to further amend the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement. Additionally, pursuant to the Second Amendment, we agreed to repay a portion of the principal amount of the loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement as follows: (x) on the date of the Second Amendment, we repaid $2.5 million of principal and; (y) we are required to repay an additional $2.5 million of principal on May 22, 2026; and (z) $5.0 million of principal on September 30, 2026.

The Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured term facility of up to $75 million, consisting of (i) Initial Term Loans and First Delayed Draw Term Loans (both as defined in the Credit Agreement) that were funded during 2025 in an aggregate principal amount of $37.5 million, and (ii) up to $37.5 million principal amount of Second Delayed Draw Term Loans (as defined in the Credit Agreement) that may be requested by the Company and approved by the Lenders in their sole discretion (collectively, with the Initial Term Loans and the First Delayed Draw Term Loans, the "Term Loans"). The Term Loans currently outstanding mature on July 2, 2029.

The funding of the First Delayed Draw Term Loans occurred following the approval by the Company's stockholders on September 4, 2025, in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), of the issuance of an aggregate 6,836,237 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of certain warrants (the "New Warrants") granted to the Lenders on the Credit Agreement Closing Date, in excess of certain caps that were applicable to the exercise of New Warrants in the absence of such Company stockholder approval. The New Warrants are (i) exercisable at any time through July 2, 2035, at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, (ii) accounted for as a long-term liability, based on terms that could require cash settlement upon the occurrence of a contingent change in control event, and (iii) were valued at approximately $32.1 million in aggregate on the grant date.

In the event of a change of control of the Company, a holder of the New Warrants may, at its option, elect to exercise its New Warrants or exercise a repurchase option that requires the Company to repurchase its New Warrants upon the consummation of the change of control for a cash amount equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the New Warrants). Additionally, the New Warrants provide each holder with a pro rata purchase right (based on the total number of shares of common stock held by a holder and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the New Warrants) in the event the Company issues any equity securities, convertible securities or rights, options or warrants to purchase equity securities, subject to customary exceptions and conditions. The New Warrants include other customary terms and provisions, including adjustment provisions relating to stock splits, stock dividends, reclassifications and other recapitalization events.

The Company is utilizing the proceeds from the Credit Agreement for balance sheet support, growth acceleration and general corporate purposes.

***Key terms***

The Term Loans bear interest at 12.00% per annum. A portion of the interest equal to 7.00% per annum is being capitalized and added as paid-in-kind interest and will increase the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loans. The remainder of the interest will be paid in cash at the end of each fiscal quarter. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of certain events of default under the Credit Agreement ("Events of Default") or upon the election of certain required Lenders during the occurrence and continuation of any Event of Default, the interest rate applicable to the Term Loans will be increased by a 7.00% default interest rate, which would be capitalized and added to the principal amount of the debt.

In addition to the required prepayments of the ECF Repayment Amounts summarized above, the Credit Agreement also provides for the mandatory prepayment of the indebtedness and other obligations outstanding under the Credit Agreement and other applicable loan documents upon the occurrence of certain events (including in connection with a change in control of the Company) and upon acceleration following an Event of Default (an "Exit Fee Event"). If an Exit Fee Event occurs, the Company shall pay an exit fee (the "Exit Fee") equal to (x) the aggregate amount of all Term Loans extended by the Lenders under the Credit Agreement, multiplied by (y) the Exit Fee

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Percentage, minus (z) the amount of interest paid in cash by the Company prior to the Exit Fee Event, where the "Exit Fee Percentage" equals 25% in connection with a change of control transaction, or otherwise equals 50%

The Credit Agreement includes customary repayment and prepayment terms, affirmative and negative covenants and representations and warranties, including restrictions on payment of dividends and other covenants.

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries from time-to-time party thereto guarantee the obligations under the Credit Agreement and other Loan Documents. In addition, such obligations are secured by a first priority lien on substantially all tangible and intangible property of the Company and the guarantors and pledges of the equity of certain Company subsidiaries, in each case subject to certain exceptions, limitations and exclusions for the collateral.

***Financial covenants***

As amended by the Second Amendment, the Credit Agreement includes the following covenants.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•<u>Unrestricted Cash Amount</u>. The Company is required to have unrestricted cash balances as of the last day of the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2026 equal to the greater of (i) $15.0 million and (ii) $20.0 million minus the total ECR Repayment Amounts paid by the Company pursuant to the Credit Agreement on or prior to June 30, 2026. The Company currently anticipates that this covenant will require the Company to have at least $15.0 million in unrestricted cash as of June 30, 2026. The Company is further required to have unrestricted cash balances as of the last day of the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2026 and each fiscal quarter thereafter equal to the greater of (i) $10.0 million and (ii) $20.0 million minus the total ECF Repayment Amounts actually paid by the Company to the Lenders pursuant to the Credit Agreement prior to such date. The Company currently anticipates that this financial covenant will require the Company to have at least $10.0 million of unrestricted cash as of September 30, 2026 and each fiscal quarter thereafter.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•<u>Quarterly Revenue</u>. The Company is required to have consolidated quarterly revenue of at least: (i) $25.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2026; (ii) $50.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2026; and (iii) $75.0 million for the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2026 and the last day of each fiscal quarter thereafter. This revenue covenant does not apply for the quarter ending March 31, 2026.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•<u>Consolidated EBITDA</u>. For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2026, the Company's consolidated EBITDA may not be less than $10.0 million, and for the 12-month period ending December 31, 2027 and the last day of each fiscal year thereafter, the Company's consolidated EBITDA may not be less than $25.0 million.

Additionally, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2026, the Company's direct tracker margin must exceed certain thresholds for each fiscal quarter, and the financial covenants include a requirement that the amounts due to the Company under new purchase orders must meet certain thresholds beginning with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027.

At December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement, other than the purchase order covenant for which the Lenders provided a limited waiver pursuant to the Second Amendment.

**Debt and warrant issue costs**

The Company incurred approximately $1.5 million of costs associated with the issuance of the Term Loans, including lender original issue discount and third-party fees, which are being amortized as additional interest expense over the life of the debt, and approximately $0.2 million of third-party costs were incurred associated with the issuance of the Warrants, which were expensed as incurred.

**Previously existing debt and warrants**

On December 4, 2024, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with an institutional investor as the purchaser under the Purchase Agreement (the "Investor"). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, we sold, and the Investor purchased, $15.0 million in principal amount of senior secured promissory notes (the "Senior Notes") and warrants exercisable for 1,750,000 shares of our common stock (the " Original Warrants") (the "Offering"). A member of our Board of Directors, Pablo Barahona, invested $500,000 in the Investor, which was used to finance a portion of the purchase price of the Offering.

Pursuant to the terms of the Senior Notes, we elected to increase the outstanding principal amount of the Senior Notes by an amount of interest at a rate of 13% per annum ("paid-in-kind" interest) capitalized semiannually on the

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final business day in June and December of each year. As a result, our outstanding principal balance of the Senior Notes was approximately $16.1 million as of July 2, 2025. The Senior Notes were initially secured by substantially all of our assets.

The Original Warrants issued in the Offering were exercised on June 30, 2025 at an exercise price of $0.10 per share, in return for the issuance of 1,750,000 shares of our common stock. We had previously determined liability classification for the Original Warrants was required based on terms that could require cash settlement upon the occurrence of a contingent change in control event. As a result, the Original Warrants were revalued to current fair value at the date of exercise with the offsetting amount reported in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

Changes in the number and value of our Original and New Warrants were as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  | **Number of warrants** | **Value ($000's)** | **Number of warrants** | **Value ($000's)** |
| Beginning balance | 1750000 | $9520 |  | $— |
| Issuance of Original Warrants |  |  | 1750000 | 5198 |
| Exercise of Original Warrants | (1750000) | (7752) |  |  |
| Issuance of New Warrants under the Credit Agreement | 6836237 | 32061 |  |  |
| Change in fair value of warrant liability | N/A | 40686 | N/A | 4322 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Ending balance | 6836237 | $74515 | 1750000 | $9520 |

---

**Amendment to the Purchase Agreement and Senior Notes**

In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Investor entered into a Subordination Agreement, dated July 2, 2025 (the "Subordination Agreement"). Pursuant to the Subordination Agreement, the Investor agreed to the subordination of all indebtedness owed by the Company to the Investor, including under the Senior Notes issued by the Company to the Investor on December 4, 2024, to the indebtedness and obligations owed under the Credit Agreement and the other applicable loan documents.

Also, in connection with the Credit Agreement and the Subordination Agreement, the Company and Investor entered into an Amended and Restated Promissory Note, dated July 2, 2025 (the "A&R Promissory Note"). The A&R Promissory Note amends and restates the original Senior Notes to remove the seniority terms of those notes, conform the original Senior Notes to the terms of the Credit Agreement and the Subordination Agreement, amend certain prepayment and make-whole terms under the original Senior Notes, delete certain covenants and event of default terms, reduce the interest rate under the original Senior Notes to 5% per annum paid in cash and 7% per annum paid in kind, both on the final business day of June and December in each year, and to delete the financial covenants set forth in the original Senior Notes. As a result of an amendment to the Purchase Agreement entered into on July 2, 2025 (the "Purchase Agreement Amendment"), among other things, the Investor agreed to release all liens and guarantees securing the obligations under the Senior Notes, the Purchase Agreement, and the A&R Promissory Note. The A&R Promissory Note also (i) provides for additional interest to be capitalized and added to the principal amount of the debt at a rate of 5% per annum upon the occurrence and continuation of certain events of default and (ii) matures on January 2, 2030.

Included as a portion of the aggregate number of New Warrants described above, the Investor received 1,417,945 New Warrants on July 2, 2025, attributable to the Investor's agreements under the A&R Promissory Note, the Subordination Agreement, and the Purchase Agreement Amendment.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 470-50, *Modifications and Extinguishment*, we evaluated the present value of future estimated cash flows of the Senior Notes immediately prior to the amendments described above and the present value of future estimated cash flows under the A&R Promissory Note, inclusive of the fair value of the New Warrants issued to the Investor as described above, and determined that extinguishment accounting was required with respect to the Senior Notes. This resulted in a non-cash charge of $0.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, reflected as a "Loss on extinguishment of debt" in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss due to the required write off of the remaining unamortized debt discount and debt issue costs of the Senior Notes in connection with the amendments described above and the estimated fair value of the A&R Promissory Note of approximately $4.4 million that was determined

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primarily using Level 2 inputs associated with the fair value of other third party debt issued contemporaneously with the amendment of this debt, as well as market spreads between secured and subordinated debt.

**Interest**

Total interest expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, was $8.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The effective interest rate for our long-term debt, including amortization of the discount and deferred loan costs, is approximately 29%.

**Note 15. Commitments and contingencies**

We may become involved in various claims, lawsuits, investigations, and other proceedings arising in the normal course of business. We accrue a liability when information available prior to the issuance of financial statements indicates it is probable a loss has been incurred as of the date of the financial statements and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If the reasonable estimate of the probable loss is a range, we record an accrual for the most likely estimate of the loss, or the low end of the range if there is not one best estimate. We adjust our accruals to reflect the impact of negotiation, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.

**United States Customs and Border Protection assessment**

In March of 2023, United States Customs and Border Protection ("CBP") issued notices of tariff assessment that indicated an action taken at the Import Specialist (i.e., the port) level with respect to merchandise imported from Thailand under entry number 004-1058562-5 (the "625 Assessment") and entry number 004-1063793-9 (the "Original 939 Assessment", and collectively with the 625 Assessment, the "Original CBP Assessments"). The Original CBP Assessments related to certain torque beams that are used in our Voyager+ product that were imported in 2022. In the Original CBP Assessments, CBP asserted that Section 301 China tariffs, Section 232 steel and aluminum tariffs, and antidumping and countervailing duties applied to the merchandise. Based on correspondence received to date from CBP, including a recent partial acceptance by CBP of our protest on the 625 Assessment as described below, and our calculations based on applicable duty and tariff rates, the 625 Assessment is currently estimated at approximately $0.07 million. In September of 2023, CBP informed us that the amount owed under the Original 939 Assessment was being revised downward to approximately $2.01 million (the "Revised 939 Assessment", and together with the 625 Assessment, the "Revised CBP Assessments"). In particular, CBP accepted our position that the Section 301 tariffs of 25% or 7.5% of the value of the merchandise, depending on tariff classification, as well as the antidumping and countervailing duties, previously assessed under the Original 939 Assessment are not applicable as they are only applicable to articles that are products of China and that, in this case, the finished goods are products of Thailand.

CBP has legally finalized both Revised CBP Assessments. We filed a formal protest for the 625 Assessment in September of 2023 and for the Revised 939 Assessment in March of 2024. On February 11, 2026, CBP partially approved our protest of the 625 Assessment, which reduced our estimated exposure down to $0.07 million. We were notified on March 18, 2026, that CBP had denied our protest of the Revised 939 Assessment. Based on the denial by CBP, we accrued approximately $2.7 million, inclusive of interest, in our consolidated financial results for the year ended December 31, 2025 and expect to pay that amount to CBP, as required. We are currently evaluating our options to challenge this decision by CBP in the U.S. Court of International Trade (the "Court") as to the merits of the disputed tariff classifications. However, because matters of this nature are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings or developments, including future assessments of additional duties or tariffs owed in respect of other shipments or other materials beyond what is presently included in the Revised CBP Assessments, there can be no certainty that the Company might ultimately prevail in the Court and we could also be subject to future assessments of additional duties or tariffs owed in respect of other shipments or other materials beyond what is presently included in the Revised CBP Assessments, or incur charges that are not currently recorded as liabilities which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position, or liquidity

**Customer litigation**

On June 11, 2025, FTC Solar, Inc. filed a lawsuit against BayWa r.e. Power Solutions, Inc. ("BayWa") in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (Civil Action No. 25-cv-00905-DAE). The complaint alleges breach of contract arising from BayWa's purported cancellation of a large equipment supply agreement and purchase order for custom solar tracking systems intended for a Texas-based solar energy project. The parties engaged in a formal dispute resolution process, including pre-suit mediation without success. On August 25, 2025, BayWa filed an answer to FTC's complaint and asserted certain counterclaims against FTC. On September 15, 2025, FTC

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filed a response to BayWa's counterclaims. The parties are now engaged in discovery. While FTC believes it has meritorious claims and intends to vigorously pursue recovery, the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain, and it is unclear at this time whether FTC or BayWa will recover the amounts sought in their respective claims or whether the outcome would materially affect FTC's financial condition or results of operations.

**Note 16. Stockholders' equity**

**Preferred stock**

Our certificate of incorporation, as amended on April 28, 2021, June 8, 2021, and November 29, 2024 (the "Certificate of Incorporation"), authorizes the Company to issue up to 10 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company's board of directors. As of December 31, 2025, there were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding.

**Common stock**

The Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the Company to issue 850 million shares of $0.0001 par value of common stock. Holders of our common stock are entitled to dividends, as and when declared by the board of directors, subject to the rights of the holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. There have been no dividends declared to date. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock; provided that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of our common stock (in such capacity) shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of preferred stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together with the holders of one or more other such series, to vote thereon pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation.

**Treasury stock**

On July 21, 2020, the Company's board of directors approved the acquisition of 989,667 shares (on a post-split basis) of common stock for an aggregate price of $0 from founders of the Company. The acquisition of these shares was recorded as treasury stock on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the shares were added to the overall pool of stock available to be utilized for future option/stock award issuances to other employees of the organization.

On January 8, 2021, the Company's board of directors approved the acquisition of 14,844 shares (on a post-split basis) of common stock for an aggregate price of $0 from founders of the Company. The acquisition of these shares was recorded as treasury stock on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the shares were added to the overall pool of stock available to be utilized for future option/stock award issuances to other employees of the organization.

On April 5, 2021, the Company's board of directors approved the acquisition of 71,746 shares (on a post-split basis) of common stock for an aggregate price of $0 from founders of the Company. The acquisition of these shares was recorded as treasury stock on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the shares were added to the overall pool of stock available to be utilized for future option/stock award issuances to other employees of the organization.

**Reverse stock split**

On November 29, 2024, we effected a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). The Reverse Stock Split did not impact the par value of our common stock or the authorized number of shares of our common stock. We have reflected the retroactive comparative impact of the Reverse Stock Split on (i) the activity in the number of common and treasury shares prior to the Reverse Stock Split in our Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), and (ii) the full year 2024 net loss per share based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding prior to the Reverse Stock Split in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

**Note 17. ATM program**

On May 16, 2025, we filed an amendment to replace an existing Form S-3 shelf registration statement relating to (a) the issuance and sale from time to time in one or more transactions, of up to $65 million in aggregate of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and warrants and (b) an at the market offering prospectus covering the offering, issuance and sale of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of approximately $13.75 million of our common stock that may be sold under the applicable Sale Agreement described below in at the market offerings.

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On May 1, 2025, we entered into the Sale Agreement with H.C. Wainwright & Co. LLC relating to the sale from time to time of shares of our common stock in accordance with the terms of the Sale Agreement having an aggregate offering price that does not exceed the number or dollar amount of shares of common stock that we may register from time to time for the ATM program, or approximately $13.75 million.

Sales of newly issued shares of our common stock under the ATM program were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31, 2025** | **Year ended December 31, 2025** |
|  | **Number of shares** | **Value ($000's)** |
| Sales of newly issued shares of common stock | 452838 | $4710 |
| Less: fees incurred |  | (122) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net proceeds received | 452838 | $4588 |

---

We utilize the net proceeds from offerings under the ATM program for general corporate purposes, including working capital and operating expenses. We may also use a portion of such proceeds to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services or technologies. There can be no assurance regarding the price at which we will be able to sell such shares in the future, whether under the ATM program or other securities offerings, and any sales of our common stock under the ATM program or other securities offerings may be at prices that result in additional dilution to our existing stockholders.

At December 31, 2025, approximately $9.0 million remained available for sale under the existing Sale Agreement and prospectus for the ATM program.

**Note 18. Stock compensation and other employee benefit plans**

**Stock compensation plans**

<u>2017 Plan</u>

On January 9, 2017, the Company's board of directors adopted the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2017 Plan"). The Plan offered employees, directors and selected service providers the opportunity to acquire equity in the Company through grants of options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and other stock awards, at exercise prices, if applicable, not less than the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant.

On July 1, 2022, we filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register 500,000 (on a post-split basis) shares of common stock for issuance upon the settlement of RSUs and the exercise of stock options previously granted under the 2017 Plan that remain outstanding. Since April 27, 2021, no new awards have been or will be granted under the 2017 Plan.

<u>2021 Plan</u>

Our 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan"), which was adopted by our Board of Directors and approved by our stockholders on April 16, 2021, and became effective on April 27, 2021, provides for the grant of awards similar to the 2017 Plan, as well as stock bonuses and cash awards. The number of shares initially reserved for issuance under the 2021 Plan was 1,264,524 (on a post-split basis), which automatically increases on January 1 of each calendar year prior to the tenth anniversary of the Plan's effective date in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 4% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on the day prior (December 31st), and (ii) a number of shares of common stock determined by the compensation committee of the Company's board of directors.

In addition, on September 19, 2025, we filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register an additional 2,000,000 shares of our common stock issuable under the 2021 Plan. The additional shares were approved during a Special Meeting of Stockholders held on September 4, 2025.

Through December 31, 2025, an additional 1,806,544 shares (on a post-split basis) became available for issuance pursuant to the automatic increase provisions of the 2021 Plan and the additional shares approved by stockholders, as described above, resulting in a total number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2021 Plan of 5,071,068 (on a post-split basis).

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<u>Employment Inducement Awards</u>

On August 16, 2024, we filed a registration statement on Form S-8 to register an additional 650,000 shares (on a post-split basis) of common stock for issuance upon the vesting and settlement of time-based RSUs, in accordance with the terms of the Restricted Stock Unit Inducement Award Agreement, by and between the Company and Yann Brandt and the vesting and settlement of performance-based RSUs, in accordance with the terms of the Share Target Restricted Stock Unit Inducement Award Agreement by and between the Company and Yann Brandt (collectively, the "Employment Inducement Awards"). The Employment Inducement Awards were granted effective August 19, 2024, in connection with Mr. Brandt's commencement of employment as our President and Chief Executive Officer.

<u>2021 ESPP Plan</u>

Concurrent with the adoption of the 2021 Plan, we also adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "2021 ESPP Plan") in order to provide employees of the Company and its designated subsidiaries with an opportunity to purchase the Company's common stock through accumulated payroll deductions at 85% of the stock's fair market value. As of December 31, 2025, this plan has not yet been implemented internally within the Company, and no purchases of common stock have been made pursuant to the 2021 ESPP Plan.

<u>Information on outstanding awards</u>

Stock options generally vest between two and four years from the date of grant, and, for those remaining outstanding as of December 31, 2025, have only service-based vesting conditions.

RSU grants may contain either (i) service-based vesting conditions or (ii) a combination of market or performance and service-based vesting conditions, which must be met in order to vest. Awards with service-based vesting conditions generally vest over a period of three to four years from the date of grant. Awards with market or performance-based vesting conditions will generally vest upon achievement of the related targets, providing the employee continues to be employed at the date of vesting. Performance conditions in certain of our outstanding awards are based on the recipient achieving specified sales metrics whereas, market conditions in certain outstanding awards are based on the closing price of our common stock achieving specified levels for a period of time.

Generally, new shares of authorized common stock are issued to satisfy vesting or exercise of outstanding awards under both the 2017 and 2021 Stock Incentive Plans, although treasury shares are also available for issuance at our discretion.

Stock compensation expense for each period was as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Cost of revenue | $1289 | $902 |
| Research and development | 316 | 344 |
| Selling and marketing | 165 | 345 |
| General and administrative | 3190 | 3821 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total stock compensation expense | $4960 | $5412 |

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Information relating to our outstanding option awards was as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Options** | **Shares** | **Weighted-average exercise price** | **Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years)** | **Intrinsic value (in thousands)** |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 | 219653 | $19.73 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Granted |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised | (9500) | $1.55 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Forfeited |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Expired | (8248) | $2.72 |  |  |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2025 | 201905 | $21.28 | 5.54 | $676 |
| Vested at December 31, 2025 or expected to vest in the future | 201905 | $21.28 | 5.54 | $676 |
| Exercisable at December 31, 2025 | 201905 | $21.28 | 5.54 | $676 |
| Unvested and expected to vest in the future |  | $— |  | $— |
| At December 31, 2025: |  |  |  |  |
| Stock-based compensation cost not yet recognized (in thousands) |  |  |  | $— |
| Weighted-average remaining expense recognition period (in years) |  |  |  |  |

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Assumptions used to value option awards were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Black-Scholes-Merton pricing formula weighted-average assumptions:** |  |  |
| Expected life (in years) | N/A | 1.00 |
| Risk-free interest rate | N/A | 4.94% |
| Volatility | N/A | 97.51% |
| Dividend yield | N/A | 0.00% |
| **Valuations:** |  |  |
| Grant-date fair value per option | $— | $1.90 |
| Intrinsic value of options exercised (in thousands) | $56 | $39 |
| Average intrinsic value per share of options exercised | $5.84 | $3.10 |

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Information relating to our outstanding restricted stock unit awards was as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Shares** | **Weighted-average grant date fair value** |
| **Restricted stock units:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Nonvested as of December 31, 2024 | 1566440 | $5.97 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 2753785 | $6.74 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vested | (308549) | $12.44 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Forfeited | (287710) | $8.11 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Nonvested as of December 31, 2025 | 3723966 | $5.84 |
| **Restricted stock unit vesting conditions:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Service-based vesting | 1207118 | $5.32 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Performance conditions and service-based vesting | 93700 | $5.23 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Market conditions and service-based vesting | 2423148 | $6.13 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Nonvested as of December 31, 2025 | 3723966 | $5.84 |
| At December 31, 2025: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation cost not yet recognized (in thousands) |  | $18489 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Weighted-average remaining expense recognition period (in years) |  | 1.42 |

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The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $2.62 per RSU (on a post-split basis). The total fair value of RSUs vested was approximately $3.8 million and $8.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

**Other employee benefit plans**

We sponsor a 401(k) savings plan for our U.S. employees, whereby the employees can elect to make pre- or post-tax contributions, subject to certain limitations. We make matching contributions equal to 100% of the first 3% and 50% of the next 2% of an employee's contribution. Employee and company contributions are both immediately vested. Company matching contributions were approximately $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the years ending December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Employees are also eligible to participate in various employee welfare benefit plans, including medical, dental, vision, prescription and life insurance, in which the Company pays a portion of the cost. All such plans are unfunded.

**Note 19. Related party transactions**

**Alpha Steel**

As described further in Note 11, "Equity method investment" above, we acquired 100% of the Membership Interests in Alpha Steel, effective November 12, 2025, and now consolidate the operations of Alpha Steel in our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2025 and for the period from November 13, 2025 to December 31, 2025. Prior to that, we accounted for our 45% interest in Alpha Steel under the equity method of accounting, during which time Alpha Steel was considered a related party.

We had $3.1 million of related party receivables from Alpha Steel at December 31, 2024 for future material cost discounts contractually owed to us in connection with the expected receipt of manufacturing cost reductions due to incentives available to Alpha Steel under the IRA as costs are incurred by Alpha Steel to purchase raw materials and manufacture torque tubes and other products that will be used to fulfill purchase orders we issue to Alpha Steel.

At December 31, 2024, we also had related party liabilities to Alpha Steel totaling $1.7 million for the accrued cost of revenue recognized on certain of our customer projects associated with the cost of products that were being manufactured for us by Alpha Steel. Amounts included in our accounts payable balance at December 31, 2024 relating to Alpha Steel totaled $0.5 million.

During the period January 1, 2025 to November 12, 2025, we received invoices from Alpha Steel for purchases totaling $16.1 million and made total deposits of $0.3 million to Alpha Steel. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we received invoices from Alpha Steel for purchases totaling $7.5 million and made total deposits of $2.8 million to

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Alpha Steel, of which $2.0 million remained in our balance of related party vendor deposits at December 31, 2024, as shown in Note 7 "Prepaid and other current assets" above.

**Other**

As described in Note 14, "Debt", above, a member of our Board of Directors, Pablo Barahona, invested $500,000 in the entity that purchased $15.0 million of initial principal amount of our Senior Notes in December 2024. As a result of the exercise during 2025 of the Original Warrants issued in connection with the offering of Senior Notes, Mr. Barahona became the beneficial owner of 58,333 shares of our common stock issued in settlement of the warrant exercise.

**Note 20. Net loss per share**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net loss (in thousands) | $(79577) | $(48606) |
| Weighted average shares outstanding for calculating basic and diluted loss per share | 14012298 | 12675923 |
| Diluted and diluted loss per share | $(5.68) | $(3.83) |

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For purposes of computing diluted loss per share, weighted average common shares outstanding do not include potentially dilutive securities, including warrants, which are anti-dilutive, as shown below.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the year ended December 31,** | **For the year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Anti-dilutive securities excluded from calculating dilutive loss per share: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares of common stock issuable under stock option plans outstanding | 201905 | 219653 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of RSUs | 3723966 | 1566440 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants | 6836237 | 1750000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Potential common shares excluded from diluted net loss per share calculation | 10762108 | 3536093 |

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Holders of the Warrants are not entitled to vote or receive dividends or be deemed to have the rights of a stockholder of the Company. Accordingly, the losses of the Company reflected above are attributed entirely to common stockholders.

**Note 21. Fair value measurements**

Certain of our cash equivalents include deposits in money market funds that invest primarily in short-term securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities and contain no restrictions on immediate redemption. The carrying value for money market fund deposits approximates fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for units held (Level 1 classification), and totaled $0.5 million at December 31, 2025 and $0.5 million at December 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, we estimated the fair value of our outstanding warrants to be approximately $74.5 million and $9.5 million, respectively, utilizing a Black-Scholes model (Level 2 measurement). The estimated fair value of our warrants is primarily impacted by the closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq at each period end. Other assumptions used, as shown below, have a significantly lesser impact on the fair value of our warrants.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Closing stock price on Nasdaq | $10.91 | $5.51 |
| Expected term in years | 3.5 | 4.9 |
| Historical volatility of our common stock | 118.1% | 108.6% |
| Risk free interest rate | 3.6% | 4.4% |
| Dividend yield | 0.0% | 0.0% |

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We estimate the carrying value of our Acquisition Notes, as shown in our Consolidated Balance Sheet, approximates fair value at December 31, 2025 due to their recent issuance and short-term nature.

We estimate the fair value of our Term Loans, based primarily on Level 2 inputs involving credit spreads on similar debt and other market participant factors involving observed secured and unsecured recovery rates, to be approximately $16.5 million at December 31, 2025. At December 31, 2024, we estimated the fair value of our long-term debt approximated carrying value due to its then-recent issuance.

We did not hold any other financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as categorized within the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2025 and 2024.

**Note 22. Sale of investment in unconsolidated subsidiary**

On June 24, 2021, we disposed of our 23% equity interest in Dimension.

The sales agreement with Dimension included an earnout provision which provided for the potential to receive additional contingent consideration earned through December 2024, based on Dimension achieving certain performance milestones. The sales agreement also included additional contingent consideration in the form of a projects escrow release based on Dimension's completion of certain construction projects in progress at the time of the sale.

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we received $3.2 million and $8.8 million, respectively, from final payments earned through December 31, 2024. In accordance with our accounting policy, we recognized the gain from these payments upon realization.

**Note 23. Segment information and certain concentrations**

**Segment-related disclosures**

We currently operate in one business segment, the manufacturing and servicing of solar tracker systems. We consider our segment results to be the same as our consolidated results and our segment accounting policies to be the same as those described in Note 2, "Summary of significant accounting policies".

We report our revenue based on the products and services we provide. Product revenue is derived from the sale of solar tracker systems and customized components for those systems, individual part sales for certain specific transactions and the sale of term-based software licenses. Service revenue includes revenue from shipping and handling services, engineering consulting and pile testing services, our subscription-based enterprise licensing model and maintenance and support services in connection with the term-based software licenses.

Our President and Chief Executive Officer is considered our chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). Our CODM uses consolidated net income (loss) to allocate resources, monitor budget versus actual results, evaluate our return on assets and manage our overall cost structure, as well as to assess our performance against our competitors.

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Based on certain significant period cost information regularly provided to our CODM, following is a reconciliation including such costs to our consolidated net loss:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **($ in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Revenue: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Product | $80311 | $37520 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Service | 19376 | 9835 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue | 99687 | 47355 |
| Cost of revenue |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Product | 76400 | 48185 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Service | 24167 | 11764 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total cost of revenue | 100567 | 59949 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gross loss | (880) | (12594) |
| Less: significant segment period costs: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation expense | (3671) | (4510) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Personnel costs (excluding stock-based compensation) | (15455) | (17663) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Credit loss provisions | (1352) | (2072) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other segment expenses<sup>(1)</sup> | (14065) | (15991) |
| Interest expense | (8205) | (665) |
| Interest income | 23 | 346 |
| Gain from disposal of investment in unconsolidated subsidiary | 3204 | 8807 |
| Gain on sale of Atlas | 140 | 906 |
| Loss from change in fair value of warrant liability | (40686) | (4322) |
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | (173) |  |
| Bargain purchase gain | 377 |  |
| Other income, net | 140 | 468 |
| Income (loss) from unconsolidated subsidiary | 1551 | (1086) |
| Provision for income taxes | (525) | (230) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss | $(79577) | $(48606) |
| Supplemental information: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Indirect personnel costs (excluding stock-based compensation) in cost of revenue | $9877 | $11362 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total depreciation and amortization expense | $1275 | $1671 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Capital expenditures | $1129 | $1645 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets at period end | $111812 | $89928 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> - Other segment expenses include research and development material and lab expenditures, professional services, marketing, employee travel, facility, insurance, depreciation and certain other period costs.

**Geographic concentrations**

Third-party revenue was recognized by our subsidiaries established in the following locations:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| United States | $98238 | $42253 |
| Australia | 1449 | 4369 |
| All other |  | 733 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total third-party revenue | $99687 | $47355 |

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Our long-lived assets, consisting of ROU assets and property and equipment, were in the following locations:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of December 31,** | **As of December 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** |
| United States | $4085 | $3047 |
| Australia | 5 | 48 |
| India | 672 | 261 |
| All other | 14 | 10 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total long-lived assets | $4776 | $3366 |

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**Cash and cash equivalents concentration**

At December 31, 2025, approximately 93% of our cash and cash equivalents were in financial institutions located in the United States. Certain of our cash equivalents include deposits in money market funds that invest primarily in short-term securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities and contain no restrictions on immediate redemption. These deposits totaled $0.5 million at December 31, 2025 and $0.5 million at December 31, 2024.

**Customer concentration**

During the year ended December 31, 2025, four customers accounted for approximately 28%, 20%, 18% and 12%, respectively, of total revenue. During the year ended December 31, 2024, four customers accounted for approximately 39%, 11%, 11% and 11%, respectively, of total revenue.

**Note 24. Subsequent events**

On March 23, 2026, we entered into the Second Amendment pursuant to which: (i) the Lenders provided a waiver relating to our breach of the purchase order covenant for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025; (ii) the Lenders agreed that a purchase order covenant will not apply to us until the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2027; and (iii) we and the Lenders agreed to further amend the financial covenants under the Credit Agreement. Additionally, pursuant to the Second Amendment, we agreed to repay a portion of the principal amount of the loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement as follows: (x) on the date of the Second Amendment, we repaid $2.5 million of principal and; (y) we are required to repay an additional $2.5 million of principal on May 22, 2026; and (z) $5.0 million of principal on September 30, 2026.

We were notified on March 18, 2026, that CBP had denied our protest of the Revised 939 Assessment. See further discussion in Note 15, "Commitments and contingencies" above.

**Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.**

None.

**Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.**

***Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures***

Our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2025. As allowed, management excluded from its assessment of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting the operations of Alpha Steel, which we obtained control of effective November 12, 2025. The assets of the acquired business represented less than 7% of our total assets at December 31, 2025 and their results of operations from the date of acquisition to December 31, 2025 had less than a 1% impact on our consolidated net loss for the year ended December 31, 2025. Based on our evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2025, solely because of the material weakness described below.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and

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procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

***Identification of material weakness***

Our process for determining revenue to be recognized over time involves multiple spreadsheets and inputs from various parties and sources. While this process is robust, it does require manual coordination and from time to time we identify isolated errors that are not material to our consolidated results. We promptly take action to correct such errors, as necessary, prior to including in our publicly reported financial results. These issues have not reflected a systemic concern with our revenue recognition methodology; rather they have arisen from a discrete fact pattern on a specific project. For example, we found that (i) certain spreadsheets had not been updated with the most current cost information available in our general ledger relating to a particular project, (ii) a specific entry was recorded to an incorrect project in one case, and (iii) intercompany margin eliminations associated with Alpha Steel were not applied timely on certain projects. These errors had no material impact on the reported financial results included in this Annual Report.

Due to the significance of our accounting for revenue, we have concluded that the control deficiencies constitute a material weakness in our controls related to the recognition of revenue. As a result, we are actively implementing enhancements to our internal accounting processes and management review controls to strengthen our ability to prevent and detect such errors on a more timely basis in the future. We are also evaluating opportunities to increase automation within the revenue process and reduce manual effort and improve overall control effectiveness.

***Management's report on internal control over financial reporting***

It is the responsibility of the Company's management to establish and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of FTC Solar; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of FTC Solar are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of FTC Solar; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding the prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements of FTC Solar.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management has performed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 based upon criteria set forth in *Internal Control-Integrated Framework* (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management determined that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2025, solely because of the material weakness described above.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of the Company's registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by the Company's registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management's report in this Annual Report based on our filer status.

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***Changes in internal control over financial reporting***

There were no changes during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 in our internal control over financial reporting, other than as a result of obtaining control over Alpha Steel, as described above, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

**Item 9B. Other Information.**

We have adopted an Insider Trading Policy that applies to all directors, officers and employees, a copy of which is included as Exhibit 19.1 to this Annual Report.

During the three months ended December 31, 2025, no executive officers or directors adopted, terminated or amended existing 10b5-1 Plans and no executive officers or directors adopted, terminated or amended a "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

**Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.**

Not applicable.

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**PART III**

**Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.**

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and an Insider Trading Policy applicable to all of our directors, officers and employees, copies of which are included as Exhibit 14.1 and Exhibit 19.1, respectively, to this Annual Report. In addition, both our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and our Insider Trading Policy are available on our website at www.ftcsolar.com and paper copies may also be obtained at no cost upon request to our Chief Financial Officer at 10900 Stonelake Blvd., Suite 100, Quarry Oaks II Building, Austin, TX 78759 or by calling (512) 481-4271.

Other information required by Item 10 will be set forth under the captions "Information About FTC Solar, Inc.", "Information About Our Directors", "Board Committees", "Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports" and "Stockholder Proposals" in the 2026 Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference. Except as otherwise specifically incorporated by reference, our 2026 Proxy Statement is not deemed filed as part of this Annual Report.

**Item 11. Executive Compensation.**

Information required by Item 11 will be set forth under the captions "Information about FTC Solar, Inc. Management" and "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" in the 2026 Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

**Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.**

Information required by Item 12 will be set forth under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in the 2026 Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

**Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.**

Information required by Item 13 will be set forth under the captions "Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions" and "Information About Our Directors" in the 2026 Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

**Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.**

Information required by Item 14 will be set forth under the caption "Principal Accountant Fees" in the 2026 Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

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**PART IV**

**Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report or incorporated by reference

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)The consolidated financial statements of FTC Solar, Inc. as listed on the Index to Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)All financial statement schedules are omitted as they are not applicable, or not required, or the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)Those exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are included in the Exhibit Index below.

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**Exhibit Index**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br>**Number** | **Description** |
| 3.1 | [<u>Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of FTC Solar, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 3, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001828161/000114036121015526/nt10018987x16_ex3-1.htm) |
| 3.2 | [<u>Certificate of Correction of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (filed as Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 8, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017021000325/ftci-20210331ex3_3.htm) |
| 3.3 | [<u>Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 27, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017024131275/ftci-ex3_1.htm) |
| 3.4 | [<u>Amended and Restated Bylaws of FTC Solar, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 3, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001828161/000114036121015526/nt10018987x16_ex3-2.htm) |
| 4.1 | [<u>Specimen Common Stock Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on April 19, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000114036121013207/nt10018987x7_ex4-1.htm) |
| 4.2 | [<u>Description of Registrant's Securities (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 21, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017022004184/ftci-ex4_2.htm) |
| 4.3 | <u>Amended and Restated Promissory Note dated July 2, 2025 between FTC Solar, Inc. and AV Securities, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 4.4 | <u>Form of Warrant to Purchase Common Stock (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 4.5 | <u>Amended and Restated Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated July 2, 2025 between FTC Solar, Inc. and AV Securities, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.1 | <u>Credit Agreement dated July 2, 2025 by and among FTC Solar, Inc., the lenders party thereto and Acquiom Agency Services LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders+# (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.2 | [<u>First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated November 11, 2025, by and among FTC Solar, Inc. and Acquiom Agency Services LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders+# (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 12, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000119312525276228/ftci-ex10_2.htm) |
| 10.3 | <u>Form of Governance Rights Side Letter (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.4<br>| <u>Guarantee and Collateral Agreement dated July 2, 2025 by and among FTC Solar, Inc. and Acquiom Agency Services LLC, as administrative agent for the lender (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.5 | <u>Patent Security Agreement dated July 2, 2025 by and among FTC Solar, Inc. and Acquiom Agency Services LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders+ (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.6 | <u>Trademark Security Agreement dated July 2, 2025 by and among FTC Solar, Inc. and Acquiom Agency Services LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders+ (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.7 | <u>Subordination Agreement dated July 2, 2025 by and among FTC Solar, Inc. and Acquiom Agency Services LLC, as administrative agent for the lenders (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.8 | <u>Amendment No. 1 to Securities Purchase Agreement and Security Release dated July 2, 2025 between FTC Solar, Inc. and AV Securities, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.9 | <u>Form of Registration Rights Agreement among FTC Solar, Inc. and the holders party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.10 | <u>Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement dated July 2, 2025 between FTC Solar, Inc. and AV Securities, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.11 | [<u>Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated November 11, 2025, between FTC Solar, Inc., and the other parties thereto+ (filed as Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 12, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000119312525276228/ftci-ex10_12.htm) |
| 10.12 | [<u>Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 29, 2021, by and among FTC Solar, Inc. and certain holders of its capital stock (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 3, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000114036121015526/nt10018987x16_ex10-1.htm) |
| 10.13 | [<u>Amendment No. 1 to Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 17, 2022, by and among FTC Solar, Inc. and certain holders of its capital stock (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 21, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017022004184/ftci-ex10_2.htm) |

---

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---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br>**Number** |  | **Description** |
| 10.14 | \*\* | [<u>FTC Solar, Inc. 2021 Stock Incentive Plan and form of agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017021004252/ftci-ex10_6.htm) |
| 10.15 | \*\*<br>| <u>Amendment No. 1 to 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 4, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u> |
| 10.16 | \*\* | [<u>FTC Solar, Inc. 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017021004252/ftci-ex10_7.htm) |
| 10.17 |  | [<u>Form of Indemnification Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 19, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000114036121013207/nt10018987x7_ex10-4.htm) |
| 10.18 | \*\* | [<u>Employment Agreement, dated July 17, 2024, between FTC Solar, Inc. and Yann Brandt (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on July 23, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017024085635/ftci-ex10_1.htm) |
| 10.19 | \*\* | [<u>Employment Agreement, dated April 30, 2021, between FTC Solar, Inc. and Cathy Behnen (filed as Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 31, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017025047224/ftci-ex10_12.htm) |
| 10.20 | \*\* | [<u>Amendment dated August 17, 2022 to Employment Agreement between FTC Solar, Inc. and Cathy Behnen (filed as Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 31, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017025047224/ftci-ex10_13.htm) |
| 10.21 | \*\* | [<u>Amendment dated May 11, 2023 to Employment Agreement between FTC Solar, Inc. and Cathy Behnen (filed as Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 31, 2025 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017025047224/ftci-ex10_14.htm) |
| 10.22 | \*\* | [<u>Employment Agreement by and between FTC Solar, Inc. and Sasan Aminpour (filed as Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017024032250/ftci-ex10_14.htm) |
| 10.23 | \*\* | [<u>Form of Restricted Stock Unit Inducement Agreement between the Registrant and Yann Brandt (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 16, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference).</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000114036124037678/ef20034263_ex99-1.htm) |
| 10.24 | \*\* | [<u>Form of Share Target Restricted Stock Unit Inducement Agreement between the Registrant and Yann Brandt (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 16, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference).</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000114036124037678/ef20034263_ex99-2.htm) |
| 14.1 |  | [<u>Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (filed as Exhibit 14.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017024032250/ftci-ex14_1.htm) |
| 19.1 |  | [<u>Insider Trading Policy (filed as Exhibit 19.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017024032250/ftci-ex19_1.htm) |
| 21.1 | \* | [<u>List of Subsidiaries of FTC Solar, Inc.</u>](ftci-ex21_1.htm) |
| 23.1 | \* | [<u>Consent of BDO USA, P.C.</u>](ftci-ex23_1.htm) |
| 24.1 | \* | [<u>Power of Attorney (included in signature page)</u>](#signatures) |
| 31.1 | \* | [<u>Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</u>](ftci-ex31_1.htm) |
| 31.2 | \* | [<u>Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</u>](ftci-ex31_2.htm) |
| 32.1 | \* | [<u>Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</u>](ftci-ex32_1.htm) |
| 32.2 | \* | [<u>Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</u>](ftci-ex32_2.htm) |
| 97.1 |  | [<u>FTC Solar, Inc. Clawback Policy (filed as Exhibit 97.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference)</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1828161/000095017024032250/ftci-ex97_1.htm) |
| 101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |
| 101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents |
| 104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |

---

\* Filed herewith.

\*\* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

**Item 16. Form 10-K Summary**

None.

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**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized**.**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **FTC Solar, Inc.** | **FTC Solar, Inc.** |
| Date: March 23, 2026 | By: | /s/ Cathy Behnen |
|  |  | **Cathy Behnen** |
|  |  | **Chief Financial Officer** <br>**(Principal Financial Officer and Accounting Officer)** |

---

**POWER OF ATTORNEY**

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Yann Brandt and Cathy Behnen, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as such person might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each said attorney-in-fact and agent, or either of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Title** | **Date** |
| /s/ Yann Brandt | President and Chief Executive Officer, Director <br>(Principal Executive Officer) | March 23, 2026 |
| **Yann Brandt** |  |  |
| /s/ Cathy Behnen | Chief Financial Officer<br>(Principal Financial Officer and Accounting Officer) | March 23, 2026 |
| **Cathy Behnen** |  |  |
| /s/ Shaker Sadasivam | Chairman of the Board | March 23, 2026 |
| **Shaker Sadasivam** |  |  |
| /s/ Anthony Alvarez | Director  | March 23, 2026 |
| **Anthony Alvarez** |  |  |
| /s/ Pablo Barahona | Director | March 23, 2026 |
| **Pablo Barahona** |  |  |
| /s/ Anthony Carroll | Director | March 23, 2026 |
| **Anthony Carroll** |  |  |
| /s/ Ahmad Chatila | Director | March 23, 2026 |
| **Ahmad Chatila** |  |  |
| /s/ Lisan Hung | Director | March 23, 2026 |
| **Lisan Hung** |  |  |
| /s/ Darrell Jackson | Director | March 23, 2026 |
| **Darrell Jackson** |  |  |
| /s/ David Springer | Director | March 23, 2026 |
| **David Springer** |  |  |
| /s/ Maximillian Sultan | Director | March 23, 2026 |
| **Maximillian Sultan** |  |  |

---

------

## Exhibit 21.1

EXHIBIT 21.1

**FTC SOLAR, INC**

**Subsidiaries**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Name of Subsidiary** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Alpha Steel LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp;Delaware, United States |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;FTC Capital, LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp;Delaware, United States |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;FTC Solar Australia Pty Ltd. | &nbsp;&nbsp;Australia |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;FTC Solar (China) Co., Ltd. | &nbsp;&nbsp;China |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;FTC Solar India Private Ltd. | &nbsp;&nbsp;India |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;FTC Solar South Africa (PTY) Ltd. | &nbsp;&nbsp;South Africa |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;FTC Solar Spain, S.L. | &nbsp;&nbsp;Spain |

---

------

## Exhibit 23.1

<br>**Exhibit 23.1**

<u>Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</u>

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-265842, 333-284083 and 333-286887) and Form S-8 (No. 333-255682, 333-265971, 333-270104, 333-279504, 333-281616, 333-288170 and 333-290406) of FTC Solar, Inc. (the Company) of our report dated March 23, 2026, relating to the consolidated financial statements, which appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our report contains an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

/s/ BDO USA, P.C.

Austin, Texas

March 23, 2026<br>

------

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Yann Brandt, certify that:

(1)I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of FTC Solar, Inc.;

(2)Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3)Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4)The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 23, 2026 | By: | /s/ Yann Brandt |
|  |  | **Yann Brandt** |
|  |  | **President and Chief Executive Officer** |

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## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Cathy Behnen, certify that:

(1)I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of FTC Solar, Inc.;

(2)Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3)Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4)The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 23, 2026 | By: | /s/ Cathy Behnen |
|  |  | **Cathy Behnen** |
|  |  | **Chief Financial Officer** |

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## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Annual Report of FTC Solar, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 23, 2026 | By: | /s/ Yann Brandt |
|  |  | **Yann Brandt** |
|  |  | **President and Chief Executive Officer** |

---

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## Exhibit 32.2

**Exhibit 32.2**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Annual Report of FTC Solar, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 23, 2026 | By: | /s/ Cathy Behnen |
|  |  | **Cathy Behnen** |
|  |  | **Chief Financial Officer** |

---

------