# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001295401
**File Stem:** 0001295401-26-000002
**Filing Date:** 2026-2
**Character Count:** 566547
**Document Hash:** 43729e6a8966affa600fcc3807e0a3f2
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001295401-26-000002.hdr.sgml**: 20260225

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001295401-26-000002

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 118

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20251231

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260225

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260225

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Bancorp, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001295401
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANKS [6021]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 02 Finance
- **EIN:** 233016517
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 000-51018
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26680210

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 409 SILVERSIDE ROAD
- **CITY:** WILMINGTON
- **STATE:** DE
- **ZIP:** 19809
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 302-385-5000

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 409 SILVERSIDE ROAD
- **CITY:** WILMINGTON
- **STATE:** DE
- **ZIP:** 19809

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? tbbk-20251231x10k

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

________________

FORM 10-K

_______________

(Mark One)

⌧ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025

OR

□ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission File Number 000-51018

The Bancorp, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

      <br> <u>Delaware</u>   <u>23-3016517</u> <br> <u>(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)</u>   <u>(IRS EmployerIdentification No.)</u>

        <br> <u>409 Silverside Road, Wilmington, DE</u>     <u>19809</u> <br> <u>(Address of principal executive offices)</u>     <u>(Zip Code)</u>

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (302) 385-5000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | <u>Trading Symbol(s)</u> | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share | TBBK | Nasdaq Global Select |

---

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

      <br> <u><u>Title of class</u></u> <br> <u>None</u>

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes □&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ⌧

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes □&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ⌧&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

      <br> <u>Large accelerated filer ⌧</u> <u>Accelerated filer □</u> <u>Non-accelerated filer □ </u> <br> <u>Smaller reporting company □</u> <u>Emerging growth company □</u>  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ⌧

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. □

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes □&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ⌧

The aggregate market value of the common shares of the registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price of such shares on June 30, 2025 of $56.97 was approximately $2.52 billion.

As of February 23, 2026, 42,193,830 shares of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of the registrant were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the proxy statement for registrant's 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **THE BANCORP, INC.**  | **THE BANCORP, INC.**  | **THE BANCORP, INC.**  |
| **INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT**  | **INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT**  | **INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT**  |
| **ON FORM 10-K**  | **ON FORM 10-K**  | **ON FORM 10-K**  |
|  |  | **Page** |
| **PART I** |  |  |
|  | [<u>Forward-looking statements</u>](#FORWARDLOOKING) | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 1: | [<u>Business</u>](#Business) | 5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 1A: | [<u>Risk Factors</u>](#Item1A) | 21 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 1B: | [<u>Unresolved Staff Comments</u>](#Item1B) | 37 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 1C: | [<u>Cybersecurity</u>](#Item1C) | 37 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 2: | [<u>Properties</u>](#Properties) | 39 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 3: | [<u>Legal Proceedings</u>](#Legalproceedings) | 39 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 4: | [<u>Mine Safety Disclosures</u>](#MineSafetyDisclosures) | 39 |
| **PART II**  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 5: | [<u>Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</u>](#MarketforRegistrant) | 40 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 6: | [<u>Reserved</u>](#Reserved) | 42 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 7: | [<u>Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</u>](#MDA) | 43 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 7A: | [<u>Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk</u>](#QuantitativeandQualitative) | 67 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 8: | [<u>Financial Statements and Supplementary Data</u>](#Item8) | 68 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 9: | [<u>Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure</u>](#Changes) | 119 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 9A: | [<u>Controls and Procedures</u>](#ControlsAndProcedures) | 119 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 9B: | [<u>Other Information</u>](#OtherInformation) | 122 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 9C:  | [<u>Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections</u>](#ForeignJurisdictions) | 122 |
| **PART III**  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 10: | [<u>Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance</u>](#Directors) | 122 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 11: | [<u>Executive Compensation</u>](#Executive) | 122 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 12: | [<u>Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters</u>](#Security) | 122 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 13: | [<u>Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence</u>](#CertainRelationships) | 122 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 14: | [<u>Principal Accountant Fees and Services</u>](#Principal) | 122 |
| **PART IV**  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 15: | [<u>Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules</u>](#Exhibits) | 123 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Item 16: | [<u>Fo</u><u>rm 10-K Summary</u>](#Form10KSummary) | 126 |
| [<u>Signatures</u>](#Signatures) |  | 127 |

---

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**FOR** **WARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Words such as "anticipates," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "intends," "plans," "believes," "should" and words and terms of similar substance used in connection with any discussion of future operating and financial performance identify these forward-looking statements. Unless we have indicated otherwise, or the context otherwise requires, references in this report to "we," "us," "our," "the holding company" or similar terms, are to The Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Forward-looking statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are difficult to predict and generally beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. Actual results may differ materially from the anticipated results discussed in these forward-looking statements.

Factors that could cause results to differ from those expressed in these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described or referenced in Item 1A, "*Risk Factors*" herein and in our other public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), as well as the following:

an inconsistent recovery from an extended period of unpredictable economic and growth conditions in the U.S. economy may adversely impact our assets and operating results and result in increases in payment defaults and other credit risks, decreases in the fair value of some assets and increases in our provision for credit losses;

weak economic and credit market conditions, either globally, nationally or regionally, may result in a reduction in our capital base, reducing our ability to maintain deposits at current levels;

changes in the interest rate environment, particularly in response to inflation, could adversely affect our revenue and expenses and the availability and cost of capital, cash flows and liquidity;

volatility in the banking sector (including perception of such conditions) and responsive actions taken by governmental agencies to stabilize the financial system could result in increased regulation or liquidity constraints;

operating costs may increase;

adverse legislation or governmental or regulatory policies may be promulgated;

we may fail to satisfy our regulators with respect to legislative and regulatory requirements;

management and other key personnel may leave or change roles without effective replacements;

increased competition may reduce our client base or cause us to lose market share;

the costs of our interest-bearing liabilities, principally deposits, may increase relative to the interest received on our interest-bearing assets, principally loans, thereby decreasing our net interest income;

loan and investment yields may decrease, resulting in a lower net interest margin;

geographic concentration could result in our loan portfolio being adversely affected by regional economic factors;

the market value of real estate that secures certain of our loans may be adversely affected by economic and market conditions and other conditions outside of our control such as lack of demand, natural disasters, changes in neighborhood values, competitive overbuilding, weather, casualty losses and occupancy rates;

cybersecurity risks, including data security breaches, ransomware, malware, "denial of service" attacks and identity theft, could result in disclosure of confidential information, operational interruptions and legal and financial exposure;

natural disasters, pandemics, other public health crises, acts of terrorism, geopolitical conflict, including trade disputes and tariffs, sanctions, war or armed conflict, such as the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and Israel and Hamas and the possible expansion of such conflicts in surrounding areas, or other catastrophic events could disrupt the systems of us or third-party service providers and negatively impact general economic conditions;

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we may not be able to sustain our historical growth rates in our loan, prepaid and debit card and other lines of business;

our focus on growth in fintech solutions and its future potential impact on our operations and financial condition may result in new operational, legal and financial risks;

risks related to actual or threatened litigation;

our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;

our internal controls and procedures may fail or be circumvented, and our risk management policies may not be adequate; and

we may not be able to manage credit risk to desired levels, improve our net interest margin and monitor interest rate sensitivity, manage our real estate exposure to capital levels and maintain flexibility if we achieve asset growth.

We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

‎

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# **PART I** 

## **ITEM 1. BUSINESS .** 
**Overview** 

The Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company," "we," "us," "our" or "the holding company") is a Delaware financial holding company and our primary, wholly-owned subsidiary is The Bancorp Bank, National Association (the "Bank"). The Bank is a federally chartered commercial bank located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and is a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured institution. The vast majority of our revenue and income is generated through the Bank. As described more fully below, our business strategy is focused on Fintech Solutions, including program sponsorship, payment services, and sponsored lending. We expect our fintech business to generate non-interest income and attract stable, lower cost deposits which we then seek to deploy into lower risk assets in specialized markets through the specialty lending activities of our Credit Solutions business.

An overview of our operations follows, including discussion of Fintech Solutions, Credit Solutions, and Other Operations.

**Fintech Solutions** 

We are a leading fintech bank, focused on partnering with fintech innovators and providing a dynamic portfolio of payment and lending solutions. Our focus is on continually evolving our product offerings to meet the needs and goals of different partners, and building a strong foundation of technology and services, while maintaining a focus on strong and effective regulatory compliance.

The Fintech Solutions business line partners with fintech companies and other technology focused payment-based providers (collectively "partners") to deliver payment, deposit, and sponsored lending products that attract stable, lower-cost deposits and generate fee income. Deposits generated through these partner relationships are deployed into loan and lease products offered by both Sponsored Lending and the Credit Solutions business line.

Our fintech services are provided to organizations with a pre-existing customer base, and the products are tailored to support or complement the services provided by these organizations to their customers. We typically provide these services under the name and through the facilities of each partner.

The Fintech Solutions division's capabilities include: the sponsored issuance of deposit accounts and debit, credit, and prepaid cards; sponsored lending products for fintech partners; and payment processing solutions, including acquiring, ACH, and near-and real-time payment services in support of its partners.

An overview of our fintech products is as follows:

**Program sponsorship** includes debit, credit and prepaid cards that we issue for companies that market directly to end users. The Bank issues the cards, provides access to the card networks, maintains deposits, and is the sponsor bank of record for accounts. Our card-accessed deposit account types are diverse and include consumer and business debit, general purpose reloadable prepaid, pre-tax medical spending benefit, payroll, gift, government, corporate incentive, reward, business payment accounts and others.

Fee income from Prepaid, debit card and related sources was $103.5 million and $97.4 million for 2025 and 2024, respectively. The majority of fees that we earn result from contractual fees paid by our partners, computed on a per transaction basis, and monthly service fees. Additionally, we earn interchange fees paid through settlement networks such as Visa or Mastercard, which are also determined on a per transaction basis.

**Payment services** delivers real-time, end-to-end payment processing, including automated clearing house ("ACH") and Rapid Funds Transfer products. Our ACH accounts facilitate bill payments and our acquiring accounts provide clearing and settlement services for payments made to merchants which must be settled through networks such as Visa or Mastercard.

Fee income from ACH, card and other payment processing was $21.0 million and $14.6 million for 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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**Sponsored lending, or Fintech loans,** consist of short-term loans originated by the Bank, with the marketing and servicing assistance of our partners. Loans receivable originated under fintech agreements are governed by an agreement with the borrower and may include secured credit cards and unsecured short-term extensions of credit. For the secured credit card program, we recognize a loan receivable and a deposit liability for the cash collateral that secures those accounts. Unsecured fintech loans include payroll advance and other short term-extensions of credit, which are typically repaid within a year of origination. As of December 31, 2025, all fintech loans are covered by credit enhancement agreements as discussed further in Item 7, "*Management's Discussion and Analysis—Financial Condition—Total Loan Portfolio—Fintech Programs."*

We began originating significant volumes of fintech loans in the fourth quarter of 2024, and this segment of our total loan portfolio has grown significantly in 2025, to $1.10 billion, or 15% of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2025, from $454.4 million, or 7% as of December 31, 2024.

The revenue generated through fintech loan agreements is primarily fee revenue, and not interest income. Fintech fees were $16.6 million and $4.8 million for 2025 and 2024, respectively.

As of December 31, 2025, 91% of our total deposits were sourced from Fintech Solutions business, primarily from Program sponsorship.

Prepaid and debit card gross dollar volume ("GDV") is one metric used in measuring volume of activity for Fintech Solutions, and was $178.21 billion in 2025, a 17% increase from $152.64 billion in 2024.

**Credit Solutions** 

Our Credit Solutions business offers flexible, specialty credit solutions, focused on developing customized products and programs to meet the needs of our clients.

An overview of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2025 follows:

**Real estate bridge lending ("REBL") is $2.26 billion of loans, or 31% of our total loan portfolio**, and consists of commercial real estate bridge loans for purchase and rehabilitation of existing multi-family workforce housing properties that have existing cash flow. REBL loans generally have three-year terms with two one-year extension options. These loans are primarily collateralized by apartment buildings, or other commercial real estate, and generally do not have recourse to the borrower (except for carve-outs such as fraud) and, accordingly, generally depend on cash reserves and cash generated by the underlying properties for repayment. As of December 31, 2025 78% of the loans were fixed rate, and 22% were variable rate with monthly adjustment. The weighted average origination date loan-to-value ("LTV") for the December 31, 2025 REBL portfolio was 71%.

**Institutional banking is $1.96 billion of loans, or 27% of our total loan portfolio**, and includes lending and banking services to wealth management clients, including securities-backed lines of credit ("SBLOCs"), insurance policy cash value-backed lines of credit ("IBLOCs"), and financing to investment advisors, made for purposes of debt refinance, acquisition of another firm or internal succession. SBLOCs and IBLOCs are collateralized by marketable securities and the cash value of insurance policies, respectively, and are typically offered in conjunction with brokerage accounts. Advisor loans are collateralized by investment advisors' business franchises. SBLOC and IBLOC loans are variable-rate demand loans and generally reprice monthly, as the prime rate changes. Investment advisor loans generally have seven-year terms with fixed rates.

**Small business lending ("SBL") is $1.01 billion of loans, or 14% of our total loan portfolio,** and is comprised primarily of Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans, including the 7(a) Loan Guarantee Program and the 504 Fixed Asset Financing Program. This segment also includes SBL non-real estate loans that are collateralized by business assets and SBL commercial mortgage and construction loans that are collateralized by real estate for small businesses.

**Direct lease financing is $685.4 million of loans, or 9% of our total loan portfolio**, and includes our fleet management services business which is primarily vehicle fleet leasing to commercial and government entities, and to a lesser extent other equipment leasing. Terms for leases are generally 36 to 60 months.

In addition to loans under our Credit Solutions business, we have sponsored lending, or Fintech loans. Fintech loans total $1.10 billion, or 15% of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2025. See further discussion above under "Fintech Solutions- Sponsored Lending".

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The remaining (3%) balance of our loan portfolio consists of deferred loan fees and other loans, which includes warehouse financing related to loan sales to third-party purchasers of real estate bridge loans and certain HELOC and commercial loan legacy products.

The total loan portfolio outlined above includes loans recorded at fair value of $139.4 million as of December 31, 2025 that were originated for sale or securitization through the first quarter of 2020. That portfolio is now held for investment at fair value, and continues to be in runoff. All loan originations now are being recorded as held for investment.

**Other Operations** 

*Account Services*. Depending upon the product, account holders may access our products through the website or app of our partners, or through our website. This access may allow account holders to apply for loans, review account activity, pay bills electronically, receive statements electronically and print statements.

*Third-Party Service Providers*. To reduce operating costs and capitalize on the technical capabilities of selected vendors, we outsource certain bank operations and systems to third-party service providers, principally the following:

data processing services, check imaging, loan processing, electronic bill payment and statement rendering;

servicing of prepaid and debit card accounts;

call center customer support, including institutional banking for overflow and after-hours support;

access to automated teller machine ("ATM") networks;

bank accounting and general ledger system;

data warehousing services; and

certain software development.

Because we outsource these operational functions to experienced third-party service providers with the capacity to process a high volume of transactions, we believe we can more readily and cost-effectively respond to growth than if we sought to develop these capabilities internally. Should any of our current relationships terminate, we believe we could maintain business continuity by securing the required services from an alternative source without material interruption of our operations.

**Our Strategies** 

Our principal strategies are to:

*Generate Non-Interest Income from Fintech Solutions Products.* 

Our principal focus is the growth of our Fintech Solutions business, and related fintech fee income, through growing our program sponsorship balances, growing our product offerings, and expanding our platform. We have steadily grown our fintech loan receivable balance since the fourth quarter of 2024, and we have been growing our gross dollar volume of prepaid and debit card transactions. These efforts have led to a $1.10 billion balance of fintech loans as of December 31, 2025, a 142% increase from $454.4 million as of prior year end. Further, our total fintech fee income has increased to $141.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, a 21% increase from $116.8 million for 2024.

*Develop New Partner Relationships, and Retain and Grow Existing Relationships.*

Our Fintech Solutions business is driven by our relationships with our partners, through which we gain access to an organization's members, clients and customers under the organization's sponsorship. We seek to continue to develop these relationships with new organizations with established membership, customer or client bases, as well as maintain and expand our product offerings with current partners.

We believe that marketing targeted products and services to customers through their pre-existing relationships with our partners, we will continue to generate stable and lower cost deposits compared to certain other funding sources, generate and grow fee income and, with respect to private label banking, lower our customer acquisition costs and build close customer relationships.

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*Fund our Loan and Investment Portfolio with Low-Cost, Stable Deposits and Optimize our Balance Sheet Allocation.* 

We fund our Credit Solutions business through deposits that are primarily sourced from our Fintech Solutions business. This source is primarily comprised of millions of small transaction-based consumer balances which are obtained through and with the assistance of partner relationships. These accounts have an established history of stability and lower cost than certain other types of funding and certain components of our deposits experience seasonality, creating excess liquidity at certain times. We utilize this funding to invest in our assets, primarily our loan and investment portfolios.

We manage our balance sheet to remain under $10 billion in assets to maintain our exemption from regulated limits on interchange fees, among other benefits, under the Durbin Amendment. Failure to do so could adversely impact our revenues and relationships, as certain of our fee-sharing relationship agreements include the right to terminate our agreement in such an event. Our strategies in managing our balance sheets includes balancing our loan and investment portfolio to strategically optimize earnings while supporting the growth of our business. We may utilize a number of strategies to manage the composition of our balance sheet, including deposit sweeps, loan sale and flow sale arrangements, and other off-balance sheet funding strategies.

*Use our Robust Infrastructure as a Platform for Continued Innovation and Growth, and Develop AI tools to Increase Efficiency.* 

Historically, we have made significant investments in our banking platform and infrastructure to support our growth. We continue to invest in our infrastructure, with a focus on investing in automation and AI tools to gain cost efficiency and increase productivity of our people and platform, and redeploying or reducing resources where appropriate. We believe that our infrastructure can accommodate significant additional growth without a proportionate increase in expense. We believe that this infrastructure enables us to maximize efficiencies through economies of scale as we grow without adversely affecting our relationships with our customers.

**Competition** 

We compete with numerous banks and other financial institutions such as finance companies, leasing companies, credit unions, insurance companies, money market funds, investment firms and private lenders, as well as online lenders and other non-traditional competitors. Our primary competitors in each of our business lines differ significantly from those in our other business lines principally because few financial institutions compete against us in all business segments in which we operate. For prepaid and debit card accounts, our largest source of funding and fee income, competitors include banking as a service banks, such as Pathward Financial, Coastal Community, and others. SBLOC competitors include TriState Capital. For SBA loans, our competitors include Live Oak Bank, and for leasing our competitors include Enterprise. For REBL loans, competitors include companies such as Bridge Investment Group. Significant costs of entry in many of the products we offer or markets we compete in include consumer protection compliance, and Bank Secrecy Act ("BSA") and other regulatory compliance costs, which may impact competition for prepaid and debit card accounts. We believe that our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including:

our ability to expand our partner relationships;

the scope of our products and services;

the relevance of our products and services to customer needs and the rate at which we and our competitors introduce them;

satisfaction of our customers with our customer service;

our perceived safety as a depository institution, including our size, credit rating, capital strength, earnings strength and regulatory posture;

ease of use of our banking websites and other customer interfaces;

the capacity, reliability and security of our network infrastructure; and

competitors' interest rates and service fees;

The risks associated with our competitors are more fully discussed in *Item 1A, "Risk Factors"*.

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**Sales and Marketing** 

*Partner Relationships*. Our sales and marketing efforts to existing and potential fintech company partners and other organizations are national in scope. We use a personal sales and targeted media advertising approach to market to these potential business partners. Under our direction, the partners with which we have relationships perform additional sales and marketing functions to the ultimate individual customers. Our marketing program consists of:

direct contact with potential partners by our marketing staff, with relationship managers focusing on particular regional markets;

attending and creating presentations at trade shows and other events for targeted organizations; and

print and digital advertising.

**Technology and Cybersecurity**

*Primary System Architecture.* We provide financial products and services through a secure, tiered architecture using commercially available software and with third-party providers whom we believe to be industry leaders. We maintain a platform of web technologies, databases, firewalls, and licensed and proprietary financial services software to support our unique product offerings and to serve our partners, customers, and clients. User activity is distributed across our service offerings, with internally developed software and cloud services, as well as third-party platforms and processors. The goal of our systems design is to service our partner and client requirements efficiently, which has been accomplished using data and service replication between data centers and cloud platforms for our critical applications. The system's flexible architecture is designed to meet current capacity needs and allow expansion for future demands. In addition to built-in redundancies, we monitor our systems using automated internal tools as well as third-parties for Security and Network Operations Center Services and to validate our controls.

*Cybersecurity.* We have an established Cybersecurity Program that is mapped to the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") Cybersecurity Framework, the Center for Internet Security® ("CIS") Critical Security Controls, and relevant International Organization for Standardization ("ISO") standards. We also obtain annual Payment Card Industry ("PCI") certification. Highlights of the program include:

Monitoring and reporting of systems and critical applications;

File access and integrity monitoring and reporting;

Data loss prevention controls;

Threat intelligence;

Detailed vulnerability management;

Regular vulnerability assessments;

A security testing schedule, which includes internal/external penetration testing;

A training and compliance program for staff, including a detailed policy; and

Third-party vendor management.

**Intellectual Property and Other Proprietary Rights** 

We use third-party providers for a significant portion of our core and internet banking systems and operations. Where applicable, we rely principally upon trade secret and trademark law to protect our intellectual property. We do not typically enter into intellectual property-related confidentiality agreements with our partners, because we maintain control over the software used for banking functions rather than licensing them for customers to use. Moreover, we believe that factors such as the relationships we develop with our partners, customers and clients, the quality of our banking products, the level and reliability of the service we provide, and the customization of our products and services to meet the needs of our partners are substantially more significant to our ability to succeed.

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**Human Capital Management** 

We believe that human capital management is an essential component of our continued growth and success. Key human capital resources and management strategies are described below.

*Employees.* As of December 31, 2025, we had 733 full-time employees and believe our relationship with our employees to be good. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.

*Oversight*. Our Chief Human Resources Officer reports directly to the President and Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and oversees most aspects of the employee experience, including talent acquisition, learning and development, talent management, inclusion, employee relations, payroll, compensation and benefits.

*Talent Acquisition and Development.* We aim to attract, develop and retain high-performing talent with a range of backgrounds and experiences who can further our strategic business objectives. To that end, we offer market-competitive compensation and strive to accelerate employees' professional development through performance management and fostering a learning culture. Our employees work together with their managers to set business and professional development goals, supported by a variety of resources and tools developed to help employees enhance their technical, managerial and leadership skills.

*Total Rewards and Employee Well-Being.* We are committed to providing competitive benefit programs designed with the everyday needs of our employees and their families in mind. Full-time employees are eligible for healthcare coverage, life and disability coverage, retirement benefits, paid and unpaid leave, employee assistance programs, and tuition reimbursement. These programs offer resources that promote employee well-being in various aspects, including mental, physical, and financial wellness.

*Inclusive Work Environment*. We strive to maintain an inclusive work culture in which individual differences and experiences are valued, and all employees have the opportunity to contribute and thrive. We believe that leveraging the wide range of perspectives and capabilities will enhance innovation, foster a collaborative work culture and enable us to better serve our customers and communities. We implement strategies and initiatives that promote these values at all levels, such as training, employee resource groups ("ERGs"), and community service activities.

*Employee Engagement.* We strive to foster and maintain a workplace that offers a positive, inclusive culture for all employees and annual employee engagement surveys are used to gather employee feedback. These survey results are considered in the planning and implementation of employee programs, initiatives, and communications.

**Regulation and Supervision**

*Overview*

The Bancorp, Inc. is a Delaware corporation and a financial holding company registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("Federal Reserve"). The Company maintains its headquarters in Wilmington, Delaware. The Company's subsidiary, The Bancorp Bank, National Association, is a federally chartered and federally insured commercial bank supervised and examined by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC") as its primary regulator, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), the federal agency that administers the Deposit Insurance Fund ("DIF").

Both the Company and the Bank are subject to extensive regulation in connection with their respective activities and operations. The regulatory framework by which both the Company and Bank are supervised and examined is complex and dynamic and is designed to protect customers of and depositors in insured depository institutions, the DIF, and the U.S. banking system. This framework includes acts of the U.S. Congress ("Congress"), regulations, policy statements and guidance, and other interpretative materials that define the obligations and requirements for entities participating in the U.S. banking system. Moreover, regulation of holding companies and their subsidiaries is subject to continual revision, both through statutory changes and corresponding regulatory revisions as well as through evolving supervisory objectives of applicable banking agencies that supervise the Company and the Bank.

The requirements and restrictions under federal and state laws to which the Bank is subject include restrictions on the types and amounts of loans that may be made and the interest that may be charged, and limitations on the types of investments that may be made and the types of services that may be offered. Various consumer laws and regulations also affect the Bank's operations. Any change in the regulatory requirements and policies by the OCC, the Federal Reserve, other federal regulatory agencies, Congress, or the states in which we operate or where our customers reside, could have a material adverse impact on the Company, the Bank, and our operations.

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In addition to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"), the Company is a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), and is required to file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and otherwise comply with federal securities laws.

Set forth below is a summary of certain regulatory requirements applicable to the Company and the Bank. Descriptions of statutes and regulations in this summary are not intended to be complete explanations of such statutes and regulations, or their effects on the Bank or the Company, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the actual statutes and regulations. While we continue to have a compliance framework in place to comply with both existing and proposed rules and regulations, it is possible that the existing regulatory framework may be amended, which amendments could have a positive or negative impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

*Federal Regulation* 

As a financial holding company, the Company is subject to regular examination by the Federal Reserve and must file quarterly reports and provide any additional information the Federal Reserve may request. Under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the "BHCA"), a financial holding company may not directly or indirectly acquire ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares or substantially all of the assets of any bank, or merge or consolidate with another financial holding company, without prior approval of the Federal Reserve.

*<u>Permitted Activities.</u>* The BHCA generally limits the activities of a financial holding company and its subsidiaries to that of banking, managing or controlling banks, or any other activity that is determined to be so closely related to banking or to managing or controlling banks that an exception is allowed for those activities.

*<u>Change in Control.</u>* Additionally, under the Change in Bank Control Act and the BHCA, a person or company that acquires control of a bank holding company or bank must obtain the non-objection or approval of the Federal Reserve in advance of the acquisition. For a publicly-traded bank holding company such as The Bancorp, Inc., control for purposes of the Change in Bank Control Act is presumed to exist if the acquirer will have 10% or more of any class of the company's voting securities.

*<u>Limitations on Company Dividends.</u>* It is the policy of the Federal Reserve that financial holding companies should pay cash dividends on common stock only out of income available over the past year and only if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization's expected future needs and financial condition. The policy provides that financial holding companies should not maintain a level of cash dividends that undermines the financial holding company's ability to serve as a source of strength to its banking subsidiaries. See "*Holding Company Liability*" below. Federal Reserve policies also affect the ability of a financial holding company to pay in-kind dividends.

*<u>Limitations on Bank Dividends.</u>* Various federal provisions limit the amount of dividends that subsidiary banks can pay to their holding companies without regulatory approval. Without the prior approval of the OCC, a dividend may not be paid if the total of all dividends declared by a bank in any calendar year is in excess of the current year's net income combined with the retained net income of the two preceding years. Additionally, a dividend may not be paid in excess of a bank's retained earnings. Moreover, an insured depository institution may not pay a dividend if the payment would cause it to be less than "adequately capitalized" under the prompt corrective action framework or if the institution is in default in the payment of an assessment due to the FDIC. Similarly, under other regulatory capital rules, a banking organization that fails to satisfy the minimum capital conservation buffer requirement will be subject to certain limitations, which include restrictions on capital distributions. Additionally, regulators are authorized to prohibit a banking subsidiary or financial holding company from engaging in unsafe or unsound banking practices. Depending upon the circumstances, agencies could take the position that paying a dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice.

Because the Company is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank, its rights to participate in the distribution of assets of the Bank, or any other subsidiary, upon the Bank's or the subsidiary's liquidation or reorganization will be subject to the prior claims of the Bank's or subsidiary's creditors. In the event of liquidation or other resolution of an insured depository institution, the claims of depositors and other general or subordinated creditors have priority of payment over the claims of holders of any obligation of the institution's holding company or any of the holding company's shareholders or creditors.

*<u>Holding Company Liability.</u>* Under Federal Reserve policy as codified by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act ("Dodd-Frank"), a financial holding company is expected to act as a source of financial strength to each of its banking subsidiaries. Under this requirement, the Company is expected to commit resources to support the Bank, including at times when it may not be in a financial position to provide such resources. As discussed below under "*Prompt Corrective Action*" a financial holding company in certain circumstances could be required to guarantee the capital plan of an undercapitalized banking subsidiary.

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*<u>Capital Adequacy.</u>* The Federal Reserve and OCC have issued standards for measuring capital adequacy for financial holding companies and banks that are designed to provide risk-based capital guidelines and to incorporate a consistent framework. The risk-based guidelines are used by the agencies in their examination and supervisory process, as well as in the analysis of any bank regulatory applications. As discussed below under "*Prompt Corrective Action*" a failure to meet minimum capital requirements could subject the Company or the Bank to a variety of enforcement remedies available to federal regulatory authorities, including, in the most severe cases, termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC and placing the Bank into conservatorship or receivership.

In general, these risk-related standards require banks and financial holding companies to maintain capital based on "risk-adjusted" assets so that the categories of assets with potentially higher credit risks will require more capital backing than categories with lower credit risk. In addition, banks and financial holding companies are required to maintain capital to support off-balance sheet activities such as loan commitments.

The risk-related standards classify capital into two tiers, referred to as Tier 1 and Tier 2. Together, these two categories of capital comprise a bank's or financial holding company's "qualifying total capital." However, capital that qualifies as Tier 2 capital is limited in amount to 100% of Tier 1 capital in testing compliance with the total risk-based capital minimum standards. Banks and financial holding companies must have a minimum ratio of 8% of qualifying total capital to total risk-weighted assets, and a minimum ratio of 4% of qualifying Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets. At December 31, 2025, the Company and the Bank had total capital to risk-adjusted assets ratios of 12.19% and 15.13%, respectively, and Tier 1 capital to risk-adjusted assets ratios of 11.08% and 14.03%, respectively.

In addition, the Federal Reserve and the OCC have established minimum leverage ratio guidelines to supplement the risk-based capital guidelines. The principal objective of these guidelines is to constrain the maximum degree to which a financial institution can leverage its equity capital base. These guidelines provide for a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to adjusted average total assets of 3% for financial holding companies that meet certain specified criteria, including those having the highest regulatory rating. Other financial institutions generally must maintain a leverage ratio of at least 3% plus 100 to 200 basis points. However, banks under $10 billion in assets typically maintain a Tier 1 capital to adjusted average total assets ratio exceeding 8%. Currently, the Bank's internal guidelines suggest a ratio of 9%. The regulatory guidelines also provide that financial institutions experiencing internal growth or making acquisitions will be expected to maintain strong capital positions substantially above minimum supervisory levels, without significant reliance on intangible assets. Furthermore, the banking agencies have indicated that they may consider other indicia of capital strength in evaluating proposals for expansion or new activities. At December 31, 2025, the Company and the Bank had leverage ratios of 7.64% and 9.70%, respectively.

The federal banking agencies' standards provide that concentration of credit risk and certain risks arising from non-traditional activities, as well as an institution's ability to manage these risks, are important factors when assessing a financial institution's overall capital adequacy. The risk-based capital standards also provide for the consideration of interest rate risk in the determination of a financial institution's capital adequacy, which requires financial institutions to effectively measure and monitor their interest rate risk and to maintain capital adequate for that risk.

Dodd-Frank also includes provisions referred to as the "Collins Amendment," which subject bank holding companies to the same capital requirements as their bank subsidiaries and eliminate or significantly reduce the use of hybrid capital instruments, especially trust preferred securities, as regulatory capital. Under the Collins Amendment, trust preferred securities issued by a company, such as our Company, with total consolidated assets of less than $15 billion before May 19, 2010 and treated as regulatory capital were grandfathered, but any such securities issued later are not eligible as regulatory capital. The Company's $13.4 million of outstanding trust preferred securities qualified as Tier 1 capital under this grandfathering.

*<u>Basel III Capital Rules.</u>* The federal banking agencies have adopted rules, referred to as the Basel III rules, which implement the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's December 2010 final capital framework for strengthening international capital standards. The Basel III rules, among other things: (i) introduced a new capital measure called "Common Equity Tier 1" ("CET1") and related regulatory capital ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets; (ii) specified that Tier 1 capital consists of CET1 and "Additional Tier 1 capital" instruments meeting certain revised requirements; (iii) mandated that most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to the other components of capital; and (iv) expanded the scope of the deductions from and adjustments to capital as compared to existing regulations. Under the Basel III rules, for most banking organizations, the most common form of Additional Tier 1 capital is non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock and the most common form of Tier 2 capital is subordinated notes and a portion of the allocation for loan and lease losses, in each case, subject to the specific requirements of the Basel III rules.

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Minimum capital ratios in effect at December 31, 2025 were as follows:

4.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets;

6.0% Tier 1 capital (that is, CET1 plus Additional Tier 1 capital) to risk-weighted assets;

8.0% Total capital (that is, Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital) to risk-weighted assets; and

4.0% Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets as reported on consolidated financial statements (known as the "leverage ratio").

The Basel III rules also introduced a new "capital conservation buffer," composed entirely of CET1, on top of the minimum risk-weighted asset ratios. The capital conservation buffer was designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the capital conservation buffer face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. Thus, the Company and the Bank are required to maintain an additional capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of CET1, effectively resulting in minimum ratios of (i) CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%, (ii) Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.5%, and (iii) Total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 10.5%.

The Basel III rules provide for a number of deductions from and adjustments to CET1. These include, for example, the requirement that deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences that could not be realized through net operating loss carrybacks and significant investments in non-consolidated financial entities be deducted from CET1 to the extent that any one such category exceeds 10% if CET1 or all such items, in the aggregate, exceed 15% of CET1.

With respect to the Bank, the Basel III rules revised the "prompt corrective action" ("PCA") regulations adopted pursuant to Section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the "FDIA"), by: (i) introducing a CET1 ratio requirement at each PCA category (other than critically undercapitalized), with the required CET1 ratio being 6.5% for well-capitalized status; (ii) increasing the minimum Tier 1 capital ratio requirement for each category, with the minimum Tier 1 capital ratio for well-capitalized status being 8% (as compared to the current 6%); and (iii) eliminating the provision that a bank with a composite supervisory rating of 1 may have a 3% leverage ratio and still be adequately capitalized. The Basel III rules did not change the total risk-based capital requirement for any PCA category.

The Basel III rules prescribe a standardized approach for risk weightings that expanded the risk-weighting categories from four Basel I-derived categories (0%, 20%, 50% and 100%) to a larger and more risk-sensitive number of categories, depending on the nature of the assets, generally ranging from 0% for U.S. government and agency securities, to 600% for certain equity exposures resulting in higher risk weights for a variety of asset classes.

As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with the Basel III rules. We remain in compliance with such rules and believe the Company and the Bank will continue to be able to meet targeted capital ratios. Actual ratios as of December 31, 2025 are shown in the following paragraph.

*<u>Prompt Corrective Action.</u>* Federal banking agencies must take prompt supervisory and regulatory actions against undercapitalized depository institutions pursuant to the PCA provisions of the FDIA. Depository institutions are assigned one of five capital categories – "well capitalized," "adequately capitalized," "undercapitalized," "significantly undercapitalized," and "critically undercapitalized" – and are subject to different regulation corresponding to the capital category within which the institution falls. Under certain circumstances, a well capitalized, adequately capitalized, or undercapitalized institution may be treated as if the institution were in the next lower capital category. As described in Item 7, "*Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations –Capital Resources*," an institution is deemed well capitalized if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10.00%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6.50%, and a leverage ratio of at least 5.00%. An institution is adequately capitalized if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.00%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 4.50%, and a leverage ratio of at least 4.00%. At December 31, 2025, the Company's total risk-based capital ratio was 12.19%, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio was 11.08%, and leverage ratio was 7.64% while the Bank's ratios were 15.13%, 14.03% and 9.70%, respectively and, accordingly, both the Company and the Bank were well capitalized within the meaning of applicable regulations. A depository institution is generally prohibited from making capital distributions (including paying dividends) or paying management fees to a holding company if the institution would thereafter be undercapitalized.

As a result of Dodd-Frank, our financial holding company status depends upon our maintaining our status as "well capitalized" and "well managed" under applicable Federal Reserve regulations. Should a financial holding company cease meeting these requirements,

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the Federal Reserve may impose corrective capital and managerial requirements on the financial holding company and place limitations on its ability to conduct the broader financial activities permissible for financial holding companies. In addition, the Federal Reserve may require divestiture of the holding company's depository institution if the deficiencies persist.

*<u>Brokered Deposits.</u>* A "brokered deposit" is any deposit that is obtained from or through the mediation or assistance of a deposit broker. Prior to June 30, 2021, the majority of the Bank's deposits were classified as brokered, because related accounts, primarily prepaid and debit card deposit accounts, are obtained with the assistance of third-parties. In December 2020, the FDIC issued a regulation which resulted in the reclassification of the majority of the Bank's deposits from brokered to non-brokered, which generally resulted in a reduction of FDIC insurance expense rates. See "*Insurance of Deposit Accounts*" below. These designations are subject to the FDIC's ongoing assessment and there can be no assurance that such classifications will be permanent.

Adequately capitalized institutions cannot accept, renew or roll over brokered deposits, except with a waiver from the FDIC, and are subject to restrictions on the interest rates that can be paid on such deposits. Undercapitalized institutions may not accept, renew, or roll over brokered deposits.

*<u>Insurance of Deposit Accounts.</u>* The Bank's deposits are insured to the maximum extent permitted by the DIF. Dodd-Frank permanently increased the maximum amount of deposit insurance to $250,000 per depositor, per insured institution for each account ownership category. FDIC insurance is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government.

As the insurer, the FDIC is authorized to conduct examinations of, and to require reporting by, FDIC-insured institutions. The FDIC also may prohibit any FDIC-insured institution from engaging in any activity the FDIC determines by regulation or order to pose a serious threat to the DIF. The FDIC also has the authority to initiate enforcement actions against banks.

The FDIC has implemented a risk-based assessment system under which FDIC-insured depository institutions pay annual premiums at rates based on their risk classification. A bank's risk classification is based on its capital levels and the level of supervisory concern the bank poses to the regulators. Institutions assigned to higher risk classifications pay assessments at higher rates than institutions that pose a lower risk. A decrease in the Bank's capital ratios or the occurrence of events that have an adverse effect on the Bank's asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity or sensitivity to market risk could result in a substantial increase in deposit insurance premiums paid by the Bank, which would adversely affect earnings. In addition, the FDIC can impose special assessments in certain instances. The range of assessments in the risk-based system is a function of the reserve ratio in the DIF. Each insured institution is assigned to one of four risk categories based on supervisory evaluations, regulatory capital levels and certain other factors and its assessment rate depends upon the category to which it is assigned. Unlike the other categories, Risk Category I contains further risk differentiation based on the FDIC's analysis of financial ratios, examination component ratings and other information. Assessment rates are determined by the FDIC and, including potential adjustments to reflect an institution's risk profile, currently range from five to nine basis points for the healthiest institutions (Risk Category I) to 35 basis points of assessable liabilities for the riskiest (Risk Category IV). Rates may be increased an additional ten basis points depending on the amount of brokered deposits utilized. The above-referenced rates apply to institutions with assets under $10 billion. Other rates apply for larger or "highly complex" institutions. The FDIC may adjust rates uniformly from one quarter to the next, except that no single adjustment can exceed three basis points. At December 31, 2025, the Bank's DIF assessment rate was 5.96 basis points, subject to increase at any time in the future.

Pursuant to Dodd-Frank, the FDIC has established 2.0% as the designated reserve ratio ("DRR"), or the ratio of the DIF to insured deposits of the total industry. In 2022, the FDIC projected that the DRR was at risk of not reaching the statutory minimum of 1.35% by the statutory deadline of September 30, 2028 and, based on this update, increased the initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules applicable to all insured depository institutions uniformly by 2 basis points. The increase was effective as of January 1, 2023 and applicable to the first quarterly assessment period of 2023 (i.e., January 1 through March 31, 2023).

*<u>Loans-to-One Borrower.</u>* Generally, a bank may not make a loan or extend credit to a single or related group of borrowers in excess of 15% of its unimpaired capital and surplus. At December 31, 2025, the Bank's limit on loans to one borrower was $138.9 million. An additional amount may be lent, equal to 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus, if such loan is secured by marketable securities.

*<u>Transactions with Affiliates and other Related Parties.</u>* There are various legal restrictions on the extent to which a financial holding company and its non-bank subsidiaries can borrow or otherwise obtain credit from banking subsidiaries or engage in other transactions with or involving those banking subsidiaries. The Bank's authority to engage in transactions with related parties or "affiliates" (that is, any entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with an institution, including the Company and our non-bank subsidiaries) is limited by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act (the "FRA") and Regulation W promulgated thereunder. Section 23A restricts the aggregate amount of covered transactions with any individual affiliate to 10% of the Bank's capital and surplus. At December 31, 2025, the Company was not indebted to the Bank. The aggregate amount of covered transactions with all affiliates is

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limited to 20% of the Bank's capital and surplus. Certain transactions with affiliates are required to be secured by collateral in an amount and of a type described in Section 23A and the purchase of low-quality assets from affiliates are generally prohibited. Section 23B generally provides that certain transactions with affiliates, including loans and asset purchases, must be on terms and under circumstances, including credit standards, that are substantially the same or at least as favorable to the institution as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with non-affiliated companies.

Dodd-Frank generally enhanced the restrictions on transactions with affiliates under Sections 23A and 23B of the FRA, including an expansion of the definition of "covered transactions" and an increase in the amount of time for which collateral requirements regarding covered credit transactions must be satisfied. Insider transaction limitations were expanded through the strengthening of loan restrictions to insiders and the expansion of the types of transactions subject to the various limits, including derivatives transactions, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and securities lending or borrowing transactions. Restrictions were also placed on certain assets sales to and from an insider to an institution including requirements that such sales be on market terms and, in certain circumstances, approved by the institution's board of directors.

The Bank's authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is governed by the requirements of Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the FRA and Regulation O of the Federal Reserve. Among other things, these provisions require that extensions of credit to insiders: (i) be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features; and (ii) not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the Bank's capital. In addition, extensions of credit in excess of certain limits must be approved by the Bank's Board of Directors. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, loans to these related parties amounted to $4.8 million and $6.9 million, respectively.

*<u>Standards for Safety and Soundness.</u>* The FDIA requires each federal banking agency to prescribe for all insured depository institutions standards relating to, among other things, internal controls, information and audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, compensation, fees, benefits and such other operational and managerial standards as the agency deems appropriate. The federal banking agencies have adopted final regulations and interagency guidelines to implement these safety and soundness standards. The guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. If the appropriate federal banking agency determines an institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the guidelines, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard.

 *<u>Privacy and Information Security.</u>* Financial institutions are required to disclose their policies for collecting and protecting confidential information. Customers generally may prevent financial institutions from sharing nonpublic personal financial information with nonaffiliated third-parties except under narrow circumstances, such as the processing of transactions requested by the consumer or when the financial institution is jointly sponsoring a product or service with a nonaffiliated third-party. Additionally, financial institutions generally may not disclose consumer account numbers to any nonaffiliated third-party for use in telemarketing, direct mail marketing or other marketing to consumers. The Bank has adopted privacy standards that we believe will satisfy regulatory scrutiny and communicates its privacy practices to its customers through privacy disclosures designed in a manner consistent with recommended model forms. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (the "GLBA") and other laws require us to implement a comprehensive information security program that includes administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to provide for the security and confidentiality of customer records and information. As a result, we have implemented and continue to assess and improve our security and privacy policies and procedures to protect personal and confidential information.

Data privacy and data protection are areas of increasing regulatory focus, particularly at the state level. For instance, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (as modified by the California Privacy Rights Act, the "CCPA") gives California consumers each of the following rights, among other things: to request disclosure of information collected about them and be informed about whether such information has been sold or shared; to request deletion of personal information (subject to certain exceptions); to opt out of the sale of such consumer's personal information; and to not be discriminated against for having exercised the foregoing rights. The CCPA contains several exemptions, including an exemption applicable to information that is collected, processed, sold or disclosed pursuant to GLBA. Other states have implemented, or are considering implementing, similar legislation. We believe that the Company is taking the necessary steps to comply with these evolving laws where applicable.

*<u>Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003.</u>* The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (the "FACT Act") provides consumers with the ability to restrict companies from using certain information obtained from affiliates to make marketing solicitations. In general, a person is prohibited from using information received from an affiliate to make a solicitation for marketing purposes to a consumer, unless the consumer is given notice and had a reasonable opportunity to opt out of such solicitations. The rule permits opt-

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out notices to be given by any affiliate that has a pre-existing business relationship with the consumer and permits a joint notice from two or more affiliates. Moreover, such notice would not be applicable if the company using the information has a pre-existing business relationship with the consumer. This notice may be combined with other required disclosures, including notices required under other applicable privacy provisions.

Section 315 of the FACT Act requires each financial institution or creditor to develop and implement a written Identity Theft Prevention Program to detect, prevent and mitigate identity theft in connection with the opening of certain accounts or certain existing accounts. In accordance with this rule, the Bank adopted such a program.

*<u>Cybersecurity.</u>* The federal banking regulators regularly issue guidance regarding cybersecurity that is intended to enhance cyber risk management among financial institutions. A financial institution is expected to establish lines of defense and to ensure that its risk management processes address the risk posed by potential threats to the institution. A financial institution's management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption, and maintenance of the institution's operations after a cyberattack. A financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations if the institution or its critical service providers fall victim to a cyberattack.

Pursuant to a joint final rule issued by the federal banking agencies that became effective in May 2022, a banking organization must notify its primary federal regulator of any significant computer-security incident as soon as possible and no later than 36 hours after the banking organization determines that a cyber incident has occurred. Notification is required for incidents that have materially affected—or are reasonably likely to materially affect—the viability of a banking organization's operations, its ability to deliver banking products and services, or the stability of the financial sector. The final rule also requires a bank service provider to notify affected banking organization customers as soon as possible when the provider determines that it has experienced a computer-security incident that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect banking organization customers for four or more hours. In addition, certain state laws could potentially impact the Bank's operations, including those related to applicable notification requirements when computer-security incidents or unauthorized access to customers' nonpublic personal information have occurred.

See Item 1A, "*Risk Factors",* for a further discussion of risks related to cybersecurity and Item 1C. *Cybersecurity* for a further discussion of risk management strategies and governance processes related to cybersecurity.

*<u>Anti-Money Laundering, Sanctions, and Related Regulations.</u>* The BSA requires the Bank to implement a risk-based compliance program in order to protect the Bank from being used as a conduit for financial or other illicit crimes including but not limited to money laundering and terrorist financing. These rules are administered by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, ("FinCEN"), a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Under the law, the Bank must have a written BSA/Anti-Money Laundering ("AML") program which has been approved by the board of directors and contains the following key requirements: (1) appointment of responsible persons to manage the program, including a BSA Officer; (2) ongoing training of all appropriate Bank staff and management on BSA-AML compliance; (3) development of a system of internal controls (including appropriate policies, procedures and processes); and (4) required independent testing to ensure effective implementation of the program and appropriate compliance. Under BSA regulations, the Bank is subject to various reporting requirements such as currency transaction reporting, monitoring of customer activity and transactions and filing a suspicious activity report when warranted. The BSA also contains numerous recordkeeping requirements.

*<u>USA PATRIOT Act.</u>* The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the "USA PATRIOT Act") expanded provisions of the BSA, criminalized the financing of terrorism and augmented the existing BSA framework by strengthening customer identification procedures, requiring financial institutions to implement a written customer identification program, have due diligence procedures, including enhanced due diligence procedures and, most significantly, improving information sharing between financial institutions and the U.S. government. In January 2021, the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 ("AMLA") was enacted, amending the Bank Secrecy Act ("BSA").The AMLA was intended to comprehensively reform and modernize U.S. bank secrecy and anti-money laundering laws, to include goals of preventing money laundering, terrorism financing, tax evasion and fraud. impacting our operations. Key provisions include the codification of a risk-based approach to anti-money laundering compliance, the requirement for the U.S. Department of the Treasury to establish priorities for anti-money laundering policies, and the development of standards for testing technology and internal processes related to BSA compliance. Additionally, the AMLA imposed ultimate beneficial ownership reporting requirements via corporate transparency requirements, subject to multiple categories of exemptions. In June 2021, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network ("FinCEN") issued priorities for anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism policy as mandated by AMLA. These national priorities, including corruption, cybercrime, terrorist financing, fraud, transnational crime, drug trafficking, human trafficking, and proliferation financing, guide our compliance efforts. Certain statutory provisions in the AMLA are expected to require additional rulemakings, reports and other measures by FinCEN, and the impact of the AMLA will depend on, among other things, rulemaking and implementation guidance.

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The Company has implemented the required customer identification program and the other required elements of these laws and related regulations.

Under the USA PATRIOT Act, FinCEN can send bank regulatory agencies lists of the names of persons suspected of involvement in terrorist activities or money laundering. The Bank must search its records for any relationships or transactions with persons on those lists and, if it finds any such relationships or transactions, must report specific information to FinCEN and implement other internal compliance procedures in accordance with the Bank's BSA/AML compliance procedures.

*<u>Office of Foreign Assets Control.</u>* The Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"), a division of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals against targeted foreign countries, terrorists, international narcotics traffickers, and those engaged in activities related to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. OFAC maintains lists of names of persons and organizations suspected of aiding, harboring or engaging in terrorist acts, as well as sanctions programs for certain countries. If the Bank finds a name on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list or is otherwise asked to facilitate a transaction prohibited under a government sanctions program, the Bank must freeze or block such account or reject a transaction, and perform additional procedures as required by OFAC regulations. The Bank filters its customer base and transactional activity against OFAC-issued lists. The Bank performs these checks using purpose directed software, which is updated each time a modification is made to the lists provided by OFAC and other agencies.

*<u>Unfair or Deceptive or Abusive Acts or Practices.</u>* Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act prohibits all persons, including financial institutions, from engaging in any unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce. Dodd-Frank codified this prohibition and expanded it even further by prohibiting abusive practices. These prohibitions, commonly referred to as "UDAAP," apply to all areas of the Bank's operations, including its marketing and advertising practices, product features, account agreements terms and conditions, operational practices, and the conduct of third-parties with whom the Bank may partner or on whom the Bank may rely in bringing Bank products and services to the marketplace.

*<u>Other Consumer Protection-Related Laws and Regulations.</u>* The Bank is subject to a wide range of consumer protection laws and regulations which may have an enterprise-wide impact or may principally govern its lending or deposit operations. To the extent the Bank engages third-party service providers in any aspect of its products and services, the third-parties may also be subject to compliance with applicable law and must therefore be subject to Bank oversight.

The Bank is subject to numerous federal consumer protection laws related to its lending activities, including but not limited to: (1) the Truth in Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers; (2) the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves; (3) the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit; (4) the Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1978, as amended by the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies, certain identity theft protections and certain credit and other disclosures; (5) the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies; (6) the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act prohibiting unfair, abusive or deceptive home mortgage lending practices, restricting mortgage lending activities and providing advertising and mortgage disclosure standards; (7) the Service Members Civil Relief Act, postponing or suspending some civil obligations of service members during periods of transition, deployment and other times; and (8) related rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with implementing these federal laws. In addition, interest and other charges collected or contracted for by the Bank will be subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates.

Deposit-related activities of the Bank are also subject to various consumer protection laws, including but not limited to: (1) the Truth in Savings Act, which imposes disclosure obligations to enable consumers to make informed decisions about accounts at depository institutions; (2) the Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records; (3) the Expedited Funds Availability Act, which establishes standards related to when financial institutions must make various deposit items available for withdrawal, and requires depository institutions to disclose their availability policies to their depositors; (4) the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, which governs electronic fund transfers to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers' rights and liabilities arising from the use of ATMs and other electronic banking services as well as the process for reporting and investigating errors; and (5) related rules and regulations of various federal agencies charged with implementing these federal laws.

*<u>Prepaid Account Rule Amending Regulation E and Regulation Z.</u>* The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") has adopted amendments to Regulation E and Regulation Z to add protections for prepaid accounts (the "Prepaid Rule"). The Prepaid Rule includes a significant number of changes to the regulatory framework for prepaid products, some of which include: (1) establishment of a

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definition of "prepaid account" within Regulation E to include reloadable and non-reloadable physical cards, as well as codes or other devices; (2) modification of Regulation E to require prescribed disclosures be provided to the consumer; (3) extending to prepaid accounts the periodic transaction history and statement requirements of Regulation E applicable to payroll and federal government benefit accounts; (4) extending the error resolution and limited liability provisions of Regulation E applicable to payroll cards to registered network branded prepaid cards; (5) requiring financial institutions to post prepaid account agreements to the issuers' websites and to submit them to the CFPB; (6) extending Regulation Z's credit card rules and disclosure requirements to prepaid accounts providing overdraft protection and other credit features; (7) requiring a prepaid account holder's consent prior to adding overdraft services or other credit features and prohibiting an issuer from adding such services or features for at least 30 calendar days after the consumer registers the prepaid account; and (8) prohibiting application of different terms and conditions, such as charging different fees, to a prepaid account depending on whether the consumer elects to link the prepaid account to overdraft services or other credit features. The Bank has evaluated the impact of the Prepaid Rule on its operations and its third-party relationships and established internal processes accordingly.

*<u>Community Reinvestment Act.</u>* Under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 ("CRA"), a federally-insured institution has a continuing and affirmative obligation to help meet the credit needs of its community, including low-and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of the institution. The CRA requires financial institutions to delineate one or more assessment areas within which the regulator evaluates the bank's record of helping to meet the credit needs of its community. The CRA further requires that a record be kept of whether a financial institution meets its community's credit needs, which record will be considered when evaluating applications for, among other things, domestic branches and mergers and acquisitions. The regulations promulgated pursuant to the CRA contain three tests which are part of the traditional CRA evaluation. As an alternative to the traditional evaluation tests, the CRA permits a financial institution to develop its own strategic plan with specific goals for CRA compliance and related performance ratings. If its strategic plan is approved by its regulator, the financial institution's CRA ratings will be applied based on its performance under the strategic plan.

The Bank operates its CRA program under a strategic plan approved by its regulator. The current strategic plan covers the period of January 1, 2026 through December 31, 2030 and was approved by the OCC on December 19, 2025. The Bank continues to closely monitor its performance in alignment with the strategic plan to meet the lending, service and investment requirements it contains. Additionally, the Bank was assigned a "Satisfactory" CRA rating in its most recent CRA performance evaluation, which was completed in February 2023.

*<u>Enforcement.</u>* Under the FDIA, federal banking regulators have authority to bring actions against a bank and all affiliated parties, including stockholders, attorneys, appraisers and accountants, who knowingly or recklessly participate in wrongful actions likely to have an adverse effect on the Bank. Formal enforcement action may range from the issuance of a capital directive or cease and desist order, to removal of officers and/or directors, to the institution of receivership or conservatorship proceedings, or termination of deposit insurance. Civil money penalties cover a wide range of violations and can be assessed on a per-day basis, with substantially higher amounts in egregious cases. Federal law also establishes criminal penalties for certain violations.

*<u>Reserve Requirements.</u>* Federal Reserve regulations require banks to maintain reserves against their demand deposits, with lesser reserves on limited transaction accounts, after subtraction of exempted amounts. For 2025, the exemptions for demand deposits and limited transaction accounts were, respectively, $37.8 million and $645.8 million. At December 31, 2025, the Bank had $104.6 million in cash and balances at the Federal Reserve. While legal statutes require recalculation of these exemptions annually, the Federal Reserve, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, waived reserve requirements and has not reinstated them through December 31, 2025. We believe we have sufficient sources of liquidity to offset the impact of reserve requirements if or when they are reinstated.

*<u>Dodd-Frank.</u>* Enacted in 2010, Dodd-Frank implemented far-reaching changes across the financial regulatory landscape in the United States. Since its enactment, banks and financial services firms have experienced enhanced regulation and oversight. Certain Dodd-Frank provisions directly impacting the Company or the Bank included: (1) creation of the CFPB which was given broad rulemaking, supervision and enforcement authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws applicable to all banks and certain others, and examination and enforcement powers with respect to any bank with more than $10 billion in assets; (2) restriction of the preemption of state consumer financial protection law by federal law, and disallowing subsidiaries and affiliates of national banks from availing themselves of such preemption; (3) requiring new capital rules and application of the same leverage and risk-based capital requirements that apply to insured depository institutions to most bank holding companies; changing the assessment base for federal deposit insurance from the amount of insured deposits to consolidated average assets less tangible capital, increasing the minimum DRR from 1.15% to 1.35%, and requiring the FDIC, in setting assessments, to offset the effect of the increase on institutions with assets of less than $10 billion; see "*Capital Adequacy*," "*Basel III Capital Rules,*" and "*Prompt Corrective Action*" above; (4) requiring all bank holding companies to serve as a source of financial strength to their depository institution subsidiaries in the event such subsidiaries suffer from financial distress; see "*Holding Company Liability*," "*Capital Adequacy*," and "*Prompt Corrective Action*" above; (5) providing new

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disclosure and other requirements relating to executive compensation and corporate governance, including guidelines or regulations on incentive-based compensation and a prohibition on compensation arrangements that encourage inappropriate risks or that could provide excessive compensation; see "*Federal Regulatory Guidance on Incentive Compensation*" below for details; (6) repeal of the federal prohibitions on the payment of interest on demand deposits, thereby permitting depository institutions to pay interest on business transaction and other accounts; (7) provisions in what is known as the Durbin Amendment designed to restrict interchange fees for certain debit card issuers and limiting the ability of networks and issuers to restrict debit card transaction routing; see "*Regulation II*" below; (8) increasing the authority of the Federal Reserve to examine holding companies and their non-bank subsidiaries; and (9) restricting proprietary trading by banks, bank holding companies and others, and their acquisition and retention of ownership interests in and sponsorship of hedge funds and private equity funds. This restriction is commonly referred to as the "Volcker Rule." See "*Volcker Rule Adoption*" below.

*<u>Federal Regulatory Guidance on Incentive Compensation.</u>* The federal banking regulators have issued guidance on sound incentive compensation policies for banking organizations. This guidance, which covers all employees with the ability to materially affect the risk profile of an organization either individually or as a part of a group, is based upon key principles designed to ensure that incentive compensation practices are not structured in a manner to give employees incentives to take imprudent risks. Federal regulators actively monitor actions being taken by banking organizations with respect to incentive compensation arrangements and review and update their guidance as appropriate to incorporate emerging best practices.

The Federal Reserve reviews, as part of the regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations such as ours that are not considered "large, complex banking organizations." The reviews are tailored to each organization based on the scope and complexity of the organization's activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements and any findings are included in reports of examination. Deficiencies are incorporated into the organization's supervisory ratings, which can affect the organization's ability to make acquisitions and take other actions. Enforcement actions may be taken against a banking organization if its incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk-management controls or governance processes, pose a risk to the organization's safety and soundness, and the organization is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies.

Dodd-Frank requires that the federal banking agencies, including the Federal Reserve and the OCC, issue a rule related to incentive-based compensation. No final rule implementing this provision of Dodd-Frank has, as of the date of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, been adopted, but a proposed rule was published in 2016 that expanded upon a prior proposed rule published in 2011. The proposed rule is intended to: (i) prohibit incentive-based payment arrangements that the banking agencies determine could encourage certain financial institutions to take inappropriate risks by providing excessive compensation or that could lead to material financial loss, (ii) require the board of directors of those financial institutions to take certain oversight actions related to incentive-based compensation, and (iii) require those financial institutions to disclose information concerning incentive-based compensation arrangements to the appropriate federal regulator. Although a final rule has not been issued, the Company and the Bank have undertaken efforts to ensure that their incentive compensation plans do not encourage inappropriate risks, consistent with the principles identified above.

*<u>Regulation II.</u>* The "Durbin Amendment" to Dodd-Frank and the Federal Reserve's implementing Regulation II exempt from debit card interchange fee standards any issuing bank that, together with its affiliates, have assets of less than $10 billion. Because of our asset size, we are exempt from the debit card interchange fee standards but may lose the exemption if Regulation II is amended or if we, together with our subsidiaries, surpass $10 billion in assets. Regulation II also prohibits network exclusivity arrangements on debit card transactions and ensures merchants will have choices in debit card routing, and these provisions apply to us. Under the Durbin Amendment to Dodd-Frank and the Federal Reserve's implementing regulations, the debit card interchange fee that the Bank charges merchants must be reasonable and proportional to the cost of clearing the transaction. The maximum permissible interchange fee is capped at the sum of $0.21 plus five basis points of the transaction value for many types of debit interchange transactions. The Bank may also recover $0.01 per transaction for fraud prevention purposes if it complies with certain fraud-related requirements. The Federal Reserve also has established rules governing routing and exclusivity that require debit card issuers to offer two unaffiliated networks for routing transactions on each debit or prepaid product.

*<u>Volcker Rule.</u>* Under provisions of Dodd-Frank known as the "Volcker Rule" and implementing regulations, banking entities may not (1) engage in short-term proprietary trading for their own accounts or (2) have certain ownership interests in and relationships with hedge funds or private equity funds, referred to as "covered funds." The Volcker Rule also requires each regulated entity to establish an internal compliance program consistent with the extent to which it engages in prohibited activities, which must include (for the largest entities) making regular reports about those activities to regulators. Smaller banks and community banks, including the Bank, are afforded some relief under the Volcker Rule. Smaller banks, including the Bank, that are engaged only in exempted proprietary trading, such as trading in U.S. government, agency, state and municipal obligations, are exempt from compliance program requirements.

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Moreover, even if a community or small bank engages in proprietary trading or covered fund activities under the Volcker Rule, they need only incorporate references to the Volcker Rule into their existing policies and procedures.

*<u>Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018.</u>* In 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act ("EGRRCPA") was signed into law, which amended provisions of Dodd-Frank and was intended to ease regulatory burdens, particularly with respect to smaller-sized banking institutions, *e.g*., those with less than $10 billion in assets, such as us. EGRRCPA's highlights include: (i) exemption of banks with less than $10 billion in assets from the ability-to-repay requirements for certain qualified residential mortgage loans held in portfolio; (ii) clarification that, subject to various conditions, reciprocal deposits of another depository institution obtained using a deposit broker through a deposit placement network for purposes of obtaining maximum deposit insurance would not be considered brokered deposits subject to the FDIC's brokered-deposit regulations; and (iii) simplification of capital calculations by requiring regulators to establish for institutions under $10 billion in assets a community bank leverage ratio (tangible equity to average consolidated assets) at a percentage not less than 8% and not greater than 10% that such institutions may elect to replace the general applicable risk-based capital requirements for determining well capitalized status.

*<u>Consumer Protections for Remittance Transfers.</u>* In 2012, the CFPB published a final Remittance Transfer Rule (the "Remittance Rule") to implement Section 1073 of Dodd-Frank. The Remittance Rule creates a comprehensive set of consumer protections, found in Regulation E, covering remittance transfers sent by consumers in the United States to parties in foreign countries. The Remittance Rule, among other things, mandates certain disclosures and consumer cancellation rights for foreign remittances covered by the rule.

*<u>Effect of Governmental Monetary Policies.</u>* The commercial banking business is affected not only by general economic conditions but also by both U.S. fiscal policy and the monetary policies of the Federal Reserve. Some of the instruments of fiscal and monetary policy available to the Federal Reserve include changes in the discount rate on member bank borrowings, the fluctuating availability of borrowings at the "discount window," open market operations, the imposition of and changes in reserve requirements against member banks' deposits and assets of foreign branches, the imposition of and changes in reserve requirements against certain borrowings by banks and their affiliates, and the placing of limits on interest rates that member banks may pay on time and savings deposits. Such policies influence to a significant extent the overall growth of bank loans, investments, and deposits and the interest rates charged on loans or paid on time and savings deposits. See Item 7*,"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations*." We cannot predict the nature of the future fiscal and monetary policies and the effect of such policies on future business and our earnings.

*<u>OCC Supervisory Strategies Related to Banking Regulations</u>*<u>.</u> The OCC announced on October 1, 2024 that its supervisory strategies for its fiscal year 2025 would focus on: (a) asset and liability management; (b) credit risk management and allowance for credit losses ("ACL"); (c) cybersecurity; (d) operational resilience; (e) payments-related risk management; (f) change management; (g) third-party risk management; (h) BSA/anti-money laundering and OFAC/sanctions programs compliance management; (i) consumer compliance and fair lending risk; (j) CRA performance; and (k) climate-related financial risk management. The OCC's 2025 supervisory plan provided the foundation for policy initiatives and for supervisory strategies as applied to national banks as well as their technology service providers.

The OCC typically provides periodic updates about supervisory priorities through the Semiannual Risk Perspective process in the fall and spring of each year. OCC staff members use the supervisory plan to guide their supervisory priorities, planning, and resource allocations.

*<u>State Laws and Regulations.</u>* Notwithstanding its federal charter, the Bank is governed by other state laws and regulations in connection with some of its business and operational practices. This includes, for example, complying with state laws governing abandoned or unclaimed property, state and local licensing requirements, and other state-based rules which direct how the Bank may conduct its activities, unless otherwise preempted by its federal charter.

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**Available Information**

Our principal executive offices are located at 409 Silverside Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19809 and our telephone number is (302) 385-5000. The Bank headquarters are located at 345 North Reid Place, Suite 700, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57103. We make available free of charge on our website, www.thebancorp.com, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Investors are encouraged to access these reports and other information about our business on our website. Information found on our website shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into, and does not form any part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We also will provide copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, free of charge, upon written request to our Investor Relations Department at our address for our principal executive offices. Also posted on our website, and available in print upon request by any stockholder to our Investor Relations Department, are the charters of the standing committees of our Board and standards of conduct governing our directors, officers and employees.

**ITEM 1A. RISK FACTOR** **S.** 

Investing in our common stock involves risk. The following risk factors, the information set forth under "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and all of the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K should be read carefully in connection with evaluating our business. The risks and uncertainties described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and cash flows in future periods and are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not view as material may also become materially adverse to our business in future periods or if circumstances change.

Our risk factors are organized into sections, and a summary of the content of the sections is as follows:

**Business and Strategy** – contains discussion of risks related to our strategic goals, growth, new lines of business, products and services, digital delivery channels, acquisitions, artificial intelligence, and liquidity management.

**Regulatory and Compliance—**contains discussion of risks related to the impact of government regulation or changes in regulation, personal data protection and privacy law compliance, our enterprise risk-management framework, processes and strategies, and the consequences if our balance sheet grows above $10 billion as of December 31 of any calendar year.

**Competition**—contains discussion of competitive markets we operate in.

**Economic—**contains discussion of the impact on our business of periods of negative economic conditions, U.S. federal government shutdown, and changes in interest rates.

**Fintech Solutions Business—**contains discussion of concentration of partner relationships, regulatory and legal requirements specific to the industry, the impact of changes in rules or standards or rates of the payment networks, fraud risk, the risk of no longer being classified as non-brokered, fund transfer and payment related risks, risk related to partner agreements, and compliance risk related to unclaimed funds.

**Credit Solutions Business**—contains discussion of lending risks, model risk, credit fraud and regulatory risks related to partner agreements for marketing and servicing loans, risks specific to real estate bridge lending, and SBA lending program risks.

**Operations—**contains discussion of risks of interruptions or failures in technology, cybersecurity risk, third-party outsourcing risk, and key employee risk.

**Taxes and Accounting**—contains discussion of accounting estimates risk, change in accounting policy or standard risk, and internal control risk.

**Ownership of Our Common Stock**—contains discussion of risk related to the Bank's ability to dividend to the holding company and impact on our ability to return capital, share repurchase program risks, the impact of anti-takeover provisions, and the required judicial forum for disputes.

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**Business and Strategy**

***We cannot assure you that we will be able to accomplish our strategic goals as necessary to meet our financial targets.***

Our future earnings, and ability to meet our financial targets, will reflect our level of success in accomplishing our strategic goals, including: (i) growing our Fintech Solutions business, and generating non-interest income from Fintech Solutions products; (ii) developing new partner relationships, and retaining and growing existing relationships; (iii) funding our loan and investment portfolio with low-cost, stable deposits and optimizing our balance sheet allocation; and (iv) using our robust infrastructure as a platform for growth, and developing AI tools to increase efficiency in our expense base.

We may be unable to achieve these strategic goals, in whole or in part, or achieve the goals within our intended timelines, and the achievement of these goals may not have the intended benefit to our financial results, due to many factors including, but not limited to:

any failures to grow our product offerings, expand our platform or grow our program sponsorship balances;

our ability to attract new partnerships, or retain or grow existing relationships;

any disruption in our ability to source low-cost, stable deposits;

our decisions around balancing our loan and investment portfolio to optimize earnings while supporting the growth of our business may not yield our anticipated net margin;

our ability to manage credit risk to intended levels; and

our decisions around investments in our infrastructure, redeployment of, or reduction in resources, and use of AI may not have the beneficial impact that we intended to our processes, efficiency, and results.

In addition, many external factors may also impair our ability to accomplish our strategic goals, including but not limited to changes in market or economic conditions, changes to regulations impacting our business, and competition, among other factors.

***We could encounter challenges in managing strong growth across various aspects of our business simultaneously and may require diverting resources or otherwise incurring additional costs, and potentially limit our ability to expand our operations successfully*.** 

Our future profitability will depend in part on our continued ability to grow; however, we may not be able to sustain our historical growth rate or be able to grow. Our future success will depend on the ability of our officers and key employees to continue to implement and improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures and manage a growing number of customer relationships. We may not implement improvements to our management information and control systems in an efficient or timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing systems and controls. Consequently, any future growth may place a strain on our administrative and operational infrastructure. Any such strain could increase our costs, reduce or eliminate our profitability and reduce the price at which our common stock trades.

***New lines of business, and new products and services may result in exposure to new risks and the value and earnings related to existing lines of business are subject to market conditions.***

The Bank has introduced, and in the future may introduce, new products and services to differing markets either alone or in conjunction with third-parties. New lines of business, products or services could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of our system of internal controls or the controls of third-parties and could reduce our revenues and potentially generate losses. There are material inherent risks and uncertainties associated with offering new products and services, especially when new markets are not fully developed, or when the laws and regulations regarding a new product are not mature. New products and services, or entrance into new markets, may require substantial time, resources and capital, and profitability targets may not be achieved. Factors outside of our control, such as developing laws and regulations, regulatory orders, competitive product offerings and changes in commercial and consumer demand for products or services may also materially impact the successful launch and implementation of new products or services. Failure to manage these risks, or failure of any product or service offerings to be successful and profitable, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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***We are dependent upon digital delivery channels for our banking and fintech services, and are subject to the risks associated with those channels.*** 

We utilize digital delivery channels and other automated electronic processing in our banking and fintech services and do not have physical locations, in contrast to the internet banking services of an established traditional bank. Several factors contribute to the unique challenges that internet-based banks and fintech focused banks face. These include concerns for the security of personal information, the absence of personal relationships between bankers and ultimate customers, the absence of loyalty to a traditional hometown bank, the customer's difficulty in understanding and assessing the substance and financial strength of an internet-based bank, a lack of confidence in the likelihood of success and permanence of internet-based banks and many individuals' unwillingness to trust their personal assets to a relatively new technological medium such as the internet.

Many traditional financial institutions offer the option of internet-based banking and financial services to their existing and prospective customers. The public may perceive traditional financial institutions as being safer, more responsive, more comfortable to deal with and more accountable as providers of their banking and financial services, including their internet-based banking services. We may be unable to offer internet-based banking services and relationship features that provide sufficient advantages to compete successfully with established traditional financial institutions.

Moreover, both the internet and the financial services industry are undergoing rapid technological changes, with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. In addition to improving the ability to serve customers, the effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to reduce costs. Our ability to compete will depend, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our partners and customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Some of our competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our partners and customers. Such products may also prove costly to develop or acquire.

***Potential acquisitions may disrupt our business and dilute stockholder value.***

From time to time, we evaluate merger and acquisition opportunities and conduct due diligence activities and negotiations related to possible transactions with other financial institutions and financial services companies. Acquiring other banks or businesses involves various risks including, but not limited to potential exposure to unknown or contingent liabilities of the target entity, difficulty and expense of integrating the operations and personnel of the target entity, and potential increases to applicable banking or tax laws or regulations that impact the target entity. Acquisitions typically involve the payment of a premium over book and market values, and, therefore, some dilution of our tangible book value and net income per common share may occur in connection with any future transaction. Furthermore, any failures to realize the projected benefits from an acquisition, including revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product presence, and/or other operational synergies could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

***The development and use of artificial intelligence ("AI") presents risks and challenges that may adversely impact our business.***

We or our third-party vendors, partners, clients or counterparties may develop or incorporate AI technology in certain business processes, services or products. The developments and use of AI presents several potential risks and challenges to our business. The legal and regulatory environment relating to AI is uncertain and rapidly evolving in the U.S. and internationally, and includes regulatory schemes targeted specifically at AI as well as provisions in intellectual property, privacy, consumer protection, employment and other laws applicable to the use of AI. These evolving laws and regulations could require changes in our implementation of AI technology and increase our compliance costs and the risk of non-compliance. AI models, particularly generative AI models, may product output or take action that is incorrect, that reflects biases included in the data on which they are trained, that results in the release of private, confidential or proprietary information, that infringes on the intellectual property rights of others, or that is otherwise harmful. In addition, the complexity of many AI models makes it difficult to understand why they are generating particular outputs. This limited transparency increases the challenges associated with assessing the proper operation of AI models, understanding and monitoring the capabilities of the AI models, reducing erroneous output, eliminating bias, and complying with regulations that require documentation or explanation of the basis on which decisions are made. Further, we may rely on AI models developed by third-parties, and, to that extent, would be dependent in part on the manner in which those third-parties develop and train their models, including risks arising from the inclusion of any unauthorized material in the training data for their models and the effectiveness of the steps these third-parties have taken to limit the risks associated with the output of their models, matters over which we may have limited visibility. Any of these risks could expose

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us to liability or adverse legal or regulatory consequences and harm our reputation and the public perception of our business or the effectiveness of our security measures.

***Ineffective liquidity management could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operation.***

Liquidity is essential to our business. We rely on different sources of funding to meet our potential liquidity demands. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, derived principally through our Fintech Solutions business, borrowings, principal and interest payments on loans and leases and mortgage-backed securities, and maturing investment securities. We also utilize wholesale deposit sources to provide temporary funding when necessary or when favorable terms are available. Our access to deposits may be negatively impacted by, among other factors, periods of low interest rates or higher interest rates which could promote increased competition for deposits, borrowings, and the sale of loans and other sources which could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities or on terms which are acceptable to us could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically, or the financial services industry or economy generally. Additionally, negative news about us or the banking industry in general could negatively impact market or customer perceptions of our company, which could lead to a loss of depositor confidence and an increase in deposit withdraws, particularly among those with uninsured deposits. Any decline in available funding in amounts adequate to finance our activities or on terms which are acceptable could adversely impact our ability to originate loans, invest in securities, meet our expenses or fulfill our obligations, such as repaying our borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See "*Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation - Liquidity and Capital Resources*" of this Form 10-K.

**Regulatory and Compliance**

***We are subject to and may be affected by extensive government regulation or material changes in the regulatory landscape.***

We are subject to extensive federal and state regulation and supervision, which has increased in recent years as a result of stress to the financial system. Our subsidiary, The Bancorp Bank, N.A., is a national bank that is also subject to broad federal regulation and oversight extending to all of its operations by its primary federal regulator, the OCC, and by its deposit insurer, the FDIC. Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect customers, depositors' funds, the federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole, rather than our stockholders. These regulations affect the Bank's lending practices, capital structure and requirements, investment activities, dividend policy, product offerings, expansionary strategies and growth, among other things. For example, under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification of the Company and the Bank are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Moreover, capital requirements may be modified based upon regulatory rules or by regulatory discretion at any time due to a variety of factors, including deterioration in asset quality. A failure by either the Bank or the Company to meet regulatory capital requirements will result in the imposition of limitations on our operations and could, if capital levels drop significantly, result in our being required to cease operations. Regulatory capital requirements must also be satisfied such that mandated capital ratios are maintained as the Bank grows, or growth may be required to be curtailed. Moreover, a failure by either the Bank or the Company to comply with regulatory requirements regarding lending practices, investment practices, customer relationships, anti-money laundering detection and prevention, and other operational practices, as discussed further under Item 1, "*Business – Regulation and Supervision*," could result in regulatory sanctions, third-party liabilities, and could damage our business and reputation.

The Bank continues to closely monitor its performance in alignment with its CRA strategic plan to meet the specified lending, service and investment requirements contained therein. There can be no assurance that we will maintain a satisfactory rating, and if not maintained, the Bank would be subject to certain business restrictions as required by the CRA and FDIC regulations.

The legal and regulatory landscape is frequently changing as Congress and regulatory agencies adopt or amend laws, or change interpretation of existing statutes, regulations or policies. These changes could affect the Company and the Bank in substantial and unpredictable ways and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. For example, the Bank pays assessment fees both to the OCC and the FDIC, and the level of such assessments reflects the condition of the Bank. If the condition of the Bank were to deteriorate, the level of such assessments could increase significantly, having a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, any change in regulators or policy changes within current

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regulators may increase our operating costs and impact our business strategy, governance structure, financial condition or results of operations.

***Failure to comply with personal data protection and privacy laws can adversely affect our business.***

We are subject to a variety of continuously evolving and developing laws and regulations in numerous jurisdictions regarding personal data protection and privacy. These laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied differently from state to state, and can create inconsistent or conflicting requirements. Our efforts to comply with these laws and regulations, including the CCPA as well as comprehensive privacy legislation passed in other states, impose significant costs and challenges that are likely to continue to increase over time, particularly as additional jurisdictions continue to adopt similar regulations. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations or to otherwise protect personal data from unauthorized access, use or other processing, could in the future result in litigation, claims, legal or regulatory proceedings, inquiries or investigations, damage to our reputation, fines or penalties, all of which can adversely affect our business.

***Our enterprise-wide risk management framework, processes and strategies must be effective.***

Our enterprise-wide risk management framework, processes and strategies must be effective, otherwise losses may result. We manage asset quality, liquidity, market sensitivity, operational, regulatory, third-party vendor and partner relationship risks and other risks through various processes and strategies throughout the organization. However, our risk management measures may not be fully effective in identifying and mitigating risk exposure in all market environments or against all types of risk, including risks that are unidentified or unanticipated, even if the frameworks for assessing risk are properly designed and implemented. Some of our methods of managing risk are based upon the use of observed historical market behavior and management's judgment. These methods may not accurately predict future exposures, which could be significantly greater than historical measures indicate. If our risk management judgments and strategies are not effective, or unanticipated risks arise, our income could be reduced or we could sustain losses.

***We will be subject to heightened regulatory requirements and experience adverse business consequences if our total assets exceed $10 billion as of December 31 of any calendar year.***

If our total assets exceed $10 billion at December 31 of any calendar year, we will become subject to heightened regulatory requirements and our operating results may suffer. As of December 31, 2025, our total assets were $9.35 billion. Although we intend to manage our balance sheet to remain below $10 billion in total assets, growth in deposits and associated asset growth could cause us to exceed that threshold as of a calendar-year end. If we have total consolidated assets of $10 billion or more at calendar year-end, the exemption for small issuers ceases to apply as of July 1 of the following calendar year, although the exemption can be regained if our consolidated assets fall below the $10 billion threshold at calendar year-end in the future.

Banks with $10 billion or more in total assets are subject to additional regulatory requirements and supervisory oversight. Among other things, such institutions are examined directly by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau with respect to federal consumer financial laws; are subject to reduced dividends on the Bank's holdings of FRB common stock; are subject to limits on interchange fees pursuant to the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act; are subject to certain enhanced prudential standards; are no longer treated as a "small institution" for FDIC deposit insurance assessment purposes; and are not eligible to elect the Community Bank Leverage ratio. Further, loss of the small issuers exemption could result in the termination of certain beneficial fee-sharing prepaid card programs that are available to us while we remain below $10 billion in total assets.

Compliance with these additional requirements would increase our regulatory obligations and may require additional personnel, enhanced internal controls, and other significant expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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**Competition**

***We operate in highly competitive markets, and our partnership marketing strategy has been adopted by other institutions with which we compete.*** 

We face substantial competition in all areas of our operations from a variety of different competitors, including commercial banks and their holding companies, credit unions, leasing companies, consumer finance companies, factoring companies, insurance companies, money market mutual funds and card issuers, online lenders, financial technology companies and other non-traditional competitors. See Item 1, "*Business—Competition."*

We face national and even global competition with respect to our other products and services, including payment acceptance products and services, private label banking, fleet leasing, government guaranteed lending and payment solutions. Our commercial partners and banking customers for these products and services are located throughout the United States, and the competition is strong in each category.

We encounter competition from some of the largest financial institutions in the world as well as smaller specialized regional banks and financial service companies. Increased competition with any of these product or service offerings could result in reduced pricing and lower profit margins, fragmented market share and a failure to enjoy economies of scale, loss of customer and depositor base, and other risks that individually, or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Further, some of the financial services organizations with which we compete are not subject to the same degree of regulation as federally-insured and regulated financial institutions such as ours. As a result, those competitors may be able to access funding and provide various services more easily or at less cost than we can.

Several online banking operations as well as the online banking programs of traditional banks have instituted partnership marketing strategies similar to ours. As a consequence, we have encountered competition in this area and anticipate that we will continue to do so in the future. This competition may increase our costs, reduce our revenues or revenue growth or make it difficult for us to compete effectively in obtaining partner relationships.

**Economic**

***Periods of weak economic, slow growth, and/or inflationary conditions in the U.S. economy have had, and could have significant adverse effects on our business performance, growth prospects, and operating results.*** 

Periods of weak economic, slow growth, and/or inflationary conditions in the U.S. economy have had, and could have significant adverse effects on our business performance, growth prospects, and operating results. Unfavorable economic trends including slowing growth, inflation, declines in real estate values and other changes or instability in the macroeconomic environment may cause declines in the availability of credit, change consumer spending behavior, lead to reductions in the value of real estate-related assets, and impair the ability of certain borrowers to repay their obligations. In recent periods, the U.S. economy has been subject to low rates of growth in general and, in particular localities, recession-like conditions have occurred. These negative trends can cause economic pressure on consumers and businesses and diminish confidence in the financial markets, which may result in elevated credit losses, decreased activity and demand for our products and services, and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Further, our general business and economic climate has been subject to uncertainty due to events of actual and threatened U.S. government shutdowns, concerns around downgrades to the credit rating of the U.S. government, and uncertainty surrounding the impacts of actual or potential emerging U.S. government policies. Concerns around government actions, policies or related impacts could create financial turmoil and uncertainty, which could weigh heavily on the macroeconomic climate and global banking system. It is possible that any such impact could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Prolonged periods of inflation may impact our profitability should higher borrowing costs stress borrower repayment, or should our non-interest expense increases not be adequately offset by revenue increases. Higher costs of living for borrowers could also negatively and materially impact loan performance and loan demand. In addition, weak economic conditions can also impact consumer spending and related fees in our payments businesses.

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***A prolonged U.S. federal government shutdown or default by the United States on government obligations could harm our results of operations.***

Any prolonged disruption of U.S. federal government operations could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our results of operations, including revenue, non-interest income, expenses and net interest income, could be adversely affected in the event of widespread financial and business disruption due to a default by the United States on U.S. government obligations or a prolonged failure to maintain significant U.S. federal government operations, particularly those pertaining to the SBA. Any such failure to maintain such U.S. federal government operations would impede our ability to originate SBA loans and our ability to sell such loans, which could in turn adversely impact our results of operations.

***Changes in interest rates could reduce our income and asset valuations, and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.***

A significant portion of our income and cash flows depends on our net interest margin, or the difference between the interest rates we earn on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investment securities, and the interest rates we pay on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Net interest margin is affected by changes in market interest rates, because different types of assets and liabilities may react differently, and at different times, to market interest rate changes. When interest-bearing liabilities mature or reprice more quickly than interest-earning assets in a period, an increase in market rates of interest could reduce net interest income. Similarly, when interest-earning assets mature or reprice more quickly than interest-bearing liabilities, falling interest rates could reduce net interest income. These rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond our control, including competition, general economic conditions and monetary and fiscal policies of various governmental regulatory agencies, including the Federal Reserve and the target Federal Funds rate.

We seek to manage our risk from changes in market interest rates by adjusting the rates, maturity, repricing, and balances of our different types of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, but these interest rate risk management techniques are not capable of fully eliminating such risks and they may not be as effective as we intend. In particular, rapid increases or decreases in interest rates could have unusually adverse effects on our net interest margin, net interest income and results of operations, to the extent our interest rate risk management techniques are insufficient to mitigate these risks in a timely manner.

The impact of interest rates on our investment portfolio and consolidated financial results, including AOCI, can also affect our ability to maintain our capital ratios within our target ranges as well as the amount and timing of our future share repurchases.

See further discussion of the effects of interest rate changes on the market value of our portfolio and net interest income in Item 7, *"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Asset and Liability Management.*"

**Fintech Solutions Business**

***There is a significant concentration of deposits and non-interest income that are sourced through partner relationships in our Fintech Solutions business.***

We derive a significant percentage of our deposits and non-interest-income from the partner relationship agreements of our Fintech Solutions business. We have multi-year, contractual relationships with partners through which we provide program sponsorship or the issuance of debit, credit and prepaid cards, we deliver payment services processing, and we originate fintech loans. We recognize non-interest income from these fintech services, primarily total fintech fees and fintech loan credit enhancement income. Also, from these fintech services we source our deposits, which are comprised primarily of millions of small transaction-based consumer balances, the vast majority of which are FDIC-insured.

There is a significant concentration of deposits and non-interest income that are sourced through these partner relationships.

**Concentration based on Deposit Balances:** Of our total deposits at year-end 2025, the top three partner relationships accounted for $3.83 billion (47%) and the next three largest accounted for $1.35 billion (17%). Those same partners, based on largest deposit concentration, also contributed to our noninterest income for the year ended December 31, 2025, with the top three accounting for total fintech fees of $61.6 million (44%) and all fintech credit enhancement income $169.3 million. The next three partners contributed $27.9 million (20%) to total fintech fees.

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**Concentration based on Income:** Of our total non-interest income for the year ended December 31, 2025, the top three partner relationships accounted for total fintech fees of $83.5 million (59%) and all fintech credit enhancement income, or $169.3 million. The next three largest partners accounted for $14.1 million (10%) of total fintech fees. Those same partners, based on largest income concentration, also contribute to deposits at year end, with the top three accounting for $2.02 billion (25%) of deposits and the next three contributing $1.85 billion (23%) of deposits.

We may terminate relationships for various reasons, such as a partner's failure to implement or maintain sufficient compliance and operational controls, increased financial or regulatory risk, or material changes in applicable law or our business.

Also, a partner could elect to reduce their volumes under our agreement, or terminate or not renew their agreements with us for reasons including the availability of more favorable terms from another provider or dissatisfaction with the level or quality of our services. Further, certain of our partners have been, and in the future may be, acquired by other entities, which could result in the transfer of their business to the acquiror or other institutions upon expiration of their current contractual agreements. In addition, our partner's products, business strategies, and bank partnership strategies could shift, and, as such, could impact the volumes under our agreement.

If one of these significant relationships were to be terminated or there is a significant decrease in deposits or transactions associated with any of these business relationships, it could materially reduce our deposits and revenues and have a negative impact on our ability to fund our business.

***Regulatory and legal requirements applicable to the prepaid and debit card industry are unique and can be subject to frequent change.***

Achieving and maintaining compliance with frequently changing legal and regulatory requirements applicable to prepaid and debit card products requires a significant investment in qualified personnel, hardware, software and other technology platforms, external legal counsel and consultants and other infrastructure components. These investments may not ensure compliance or otherwise mitigate risks involved in this business. Our failure to satisfy regulatory mandates applicable to prepaid financial products could result in actions against us by our regulators, legal proceedings being instituted against us by consumers, each of which could reduce our earnings or result in losses, make it more difficult to conduct our operations, or prohibit us from conducting specific operations. Other risks related to prepaid cards include competition for prepaid, debit and other payment mediums, possible changes in the rules of networks, such as Visa and Mastercard and others, in which the Bank operates, changes in network fees or interchange rates and state regulations related to prepaid cards, including those regarding escheatment. The enactment of Dodd-Frank required the Federal Reserve Board to implement regulations that have substantially limited interchange fees for many issuers. While interchange rates are exempt from the limitations imposed by Dodd-Frank for institutions with less than $10 billion in assets such as ourselves, new legislation could result in changes to the rates we are able to charge. There can be no assurance that such possible future legislation or changes by the payment networks will not substantially impact our revenues.

***Changes in rules or standards set by the payment networks, or changes in debit network fees or products or interchange rates, could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.***

We are subject to network rules that could subject us to a variety of fines or penalties that may be levied by the card networks for acts or omissions by us or businesses that work with us, including card processors and Fintech Program Managers. Furthermore, a substantial portion of our operating revenues is derived directly or indirectly from interchange fees. The amount of prepaid, debit card and related fees that we earn is highly dependent on the interchange rates that the payment networks set and adjust from time to time.

The enactment of Dodd-Frank required the Federal Reserve Board to implement regulations that have substantially limited interchange fees for many issuers. While the interchange rates that may be earned by us are exempt from the limitations imposed by Dodd-Frank, federal legislators and regulatory authorities have become increasingly focused on interchange, and continue to propose new legislation that could result in significant adverse changes to the rates we are able to charge and there can be no assurance that future regulation or changes by the payment networks will not substantially impact our interchange revenues. If interchange rates decline, whether due to actions by the payment networks or future regulation, we would likely need to change our fee structure to offset the loss of interchange revenues. However, our ability to make these changes is limited by the terms of our contracts and other commercial factors, such as price competition. To the extent we increase the pricing of our products and services, we might find it more difficult to acquire consumers and to maintain or grow card usage and customer retention, and we could suffer reputational damage and become subject to greater regulatory scrutiny. We also might have to discontinue certain products or services. As a result, our total operating revenues, operating results, prospects for future growth and overall business could be materially and adversely affected.

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***The potential for fraud in the card payment industry is significant and could adversely affect our business and results of operations.***

Issuers of prepaid and debit cards and other companies have suffered significant losses in recent years with respect to the theft of cardholder data that has been illegally exploited for personal gain. The theft of such information is regularly reported and affects individuals and businesses. Losses from various types of fraud have been substantial for certain card industry participants. We also rely upon third-parties for transaction processing services, which subjects us and our customers to risks related to the vulnerabilities of those third-parties. The Bank in many cases has indemnification agreements with third-parties; however, such indemnifications may not fully cover losses. Fraudulent activity could also result in the imposition of regulatory sanctions, including significant monetary fines, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Although fraud has not had a material impact on the profitability of the Bank, it is possible that such activity could adversely impact the Bank in the future.

***If our prepaid and debit card and other deposit accounts generated by third-parties were no longer classified as non-brokered, our FDIC insurance expense might increase.***

In December 2014, the FDIC issued guidance classifying prepaid deposit accounts and other deposit accounts obtained in cooperation with third-parties as brokered, resulting in the vast majority of the Bank's deposits being classified as brokered. However, in December 2020, the FDIC adopted a regulation which resulted in the reclassification of the majority of the Bank's deposits from brokered to non-brokered beginning June 30, 2021, and a decrease in FDIC insurance expense. Such reclassifications and the resulting FDIC insurance expense decrease are dependent upon ongoing consideration by regulators, including recertification requirements for certain accounts. Should the Bank's capital ratios fall below well-capitalized levels, it would be prohibited from accepting, renewing or rolling over brokered deposits without the consent of the FDIC. Without such consent, the Bank could not operate its business lines as presently conducted.

***We face fund transfer and payments-related risks.***

As a financial institution, we bear fund transfer risks of different types, which result from large transaction volumes and large dollar amounts of incoming and outgoing money transfers. Loss exposure may result if money is transferred from the bank before it is received, or legal rights to reclaim monies transferred are asserted, including payments made to merchants for payment clearing, while customers have statutory periods to reverse their payments. Exposure also results from payments made prior to receipt of offsetting funds, as accommodations to customers. We are subject to unique settlement risks as our transfers may be larger than typical financial institutions of our size. Transfers could also be made in error or as a result of fraud. Additionally, as with other financial institutions, we may incur legal liability or reputational risk, if we unknowingly process payments for companies in violation of money laundering laws or other regulations or immoral activities.

***Agreements between the Bank and its partners related to marketing and servicing fintech loans may subject the Bank to unique compliance, oversight, and other risks.***

The Bank has entered into agreements with an unaffiliated partner who provides marketing and servicing assistance with consumer fintech loans originated by the Bank, and may enter into agreements with additional unaffiliated partners in the future related to fintech loans. While we retain responsibility for compliance with applicable laws and regulations and maintain policies, procedures and monitoring designed to oversee these relationships, reliance on third parties exposes us to heightened compliance, oversight, operational, credit and reputational risks.

These programs are subject to extensive and evolving federal and state laws, regulations and supervisory expectations, including those relating to consumer protection, unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices, fair lending, privacy and data protection, anti-money laundering, debt collection and other compliance requirements. Regulatory agencies have increased their scrutiny of bank–fintech partnerships and third-party risk management practices. If a third-party fails to comply with applicable laws, regulations or regulatory guidance, or if regulators determine that our oversight, governance or control framework is inadequate, we could be subject to supervisory findings, enforcement actions, civil money penalties, consumer protection litigation, or other adverse consequences.

Certain program structures may also be subject to legal challenge or regulatory scrutiny, including with respect to licensing, rate exportation, "true lender" theories or other matters, which could result in litigation, reputational harm, monetary liabilities or the need to modify, suspend or terminate programs. In addition, these arrangements create risks related to model performance, credit quality, data integrity, information security, business continuity and the financial condition of our partners.

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Although our agreements typically include contractual protections, including indemnification and credit enhancement provisions, such protections may be limited in scope, subject to dispute, or insufficient to fully protect us from losses or liabilities. The termination of, or disruption in, one or more significant partner relationships, whether due to regulatory developments, performance issues or other factors, could adversely affect loan originations, servicing operations, fee income and overall financial performance. Any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

***Unclaimed funds from deposit accounts or represented by unused value on prepaid cards present compliance and other risks.***

Unclaimed funds held in deposit accounts or represented by unused balances on prepaid cards may be subject to state escheatment laws where the Bank is the actual holder of the funds and when, after a period of time as set forth in applicable state law, the rightful owner of the funds cannot be readily located and/or identified. The Bank implements controls to comply with state unclaimed property laws and regulations, however these laws and regulations are often open to interpretation, particularly when being applied to unused balances on prepaid card products. State regulators may choose to initiate collection or other litigation action against the Bank for unreported abandoned property, and such actions may seek to assess fines and penalties.

**Credit Solutions Business**

***We are subject to lending risks.***

There are risks inherent in making all loans. These risks include interest rate changes over the time period in which loans may be repaid and changes in economic conditions nationwide or in the localities in which our borrowers operate. Weak economic conditions have caused increases in our delinquent and defaulted loans in recent years. We cannot assure you that we will not experience increases in delinquencies and defaults, or that any such increases will not be material. On a consolidated basis, an increase in non-performing loans could result in an increase in our provision for credit losses or in loan charge-offs and consequent reductions in our earnings. For our commercial fleet and equipment leasing business line, while we have access to underlying collateral, the value of such collateral can be impacted by many factors including age and condition, market prices and applicable economic conditions. For closed end leases, any deficiency between the residual value of the lease and net sales price results in a loss.

The Bank seeks to mitigate the risks inherent in its loan portfolio by adhering to specific underwriting practices. These practices vary depending on the facts and circumstances of each loan and the type of loan.

Rapid excessive movements in the market value of collateral underlying our loans may not be sufficiently offset by the excess collateral, and losses could result.

Although the Bank believes that its underwriting criteria are appropriate for the various kinds of loans it makes, the Bank may incur losses on loans that meet its underwriting criteria, and these losses may exceed the amounts set aside as reserves in the Bank's allowance for credit losses.

Should cash flow and available cash reserves prove inadequate to cover debt service on these loans, repayment will primarily depend upon the sponsor's ability to service the debt, or the value of the property in disposition. Low occupancy or rental rates may negatively impact loan repayment.

***The quantitative models we use to manage certain accounting and risk management functions may not be effective, which may cause adverse effects on our results of operations and financial condition.***

We use quantitative models to help manage certain aspects of our business and to assist with certain business decisions, including estimating probable loan losses, measuring the fair value of financial instruments when reliable market prices are unavailable and estimating the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on our financial condition and results of operations. Our modeling methodologies rely on many assumptions, historical analyses and correlations. These assumptions may be incorrect, particularly in times of market distress, and the historical correlations on which we rely may no longer be relevant. Additionally, as businesses and markets evolve, our measurements may not accurately reflect this evolution. Even if the underlying assumptions and historical correlations used in our models are adequate, our models may be deficient due to errors in computer code, bad data, misuse of data, fraud or the use of a model for a purpose outside the scope of the model's design. We rely on models in a number of critical areas, including liquidity stress testing, interest rate sensitivity analysis, allowance for credit losses estimation and compliance

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monitoring, and regulators increasingly expect the use of robust model governance in these areas. In addition to technical flaws, misunderstanding or misuse of model outputs could result in suboptimal decision-making, regulatory scrutiny or financial loss.

As a result, our models may not capture or fully express the risks we face, may suggest that we have sufficient capitalization when we do not, or may lead us to misjudge the business and economic environment in which we will operate. If our models fail to produce reliable results on an ongoing basis, we may not make appropriate risk management or other business or financial decisions. Furthermore, strategies that we employ to manage and govern the risks associated with our use of models may not be effective or fully reliable, and as a result, we may realize losses or other lapses.

Banking regulators continue to focus on the models used by banks and bank holding companies in their businesses. The failure or inadequacy of a model may result in increased regulatory scrutiny on us or may result in an enforcement action or proceeding against us by one of our regulators.

***Agreements between the Bank and its partners to market and service Bank-originated consumer loans may subject the Bank to credit, fraud and other risks, as well as claims from regulatory agencies and our partners that, if successful, could negatively impact the Bank's current and future business.***

The Bank has entered into various agreements with unaffiliated partners, whereby the partners will market and service consumer loans underwritten and originated by the Bank. These agreements present potential increased credit, operational, and reputational risks. Because some loans originated under such programs are unsecured, in the event a borrower does not repay the loan in accordance with its terms or otherwise defaults on the loan, the Bank may not be able to recover from the borrower an amount sufficient to pay any remaining balance on the loan. We may also become subject to claims by regulatory agencies, customers, or other third-parties due to the conduct of the partners with which the Bank operates such lending programs if such conduct is deemed to not comply with applicable laws in connection with the marketing and servicing of loans originated pursuant to these programs. In addition, regulatory agencies or plaintiffs might allege that the Bank's partner is the "true lender" rather than the Bank, which could lead to enforcement actions, unfavorable interpretations under state consumer protection or usury laws, or other adverse consequences. If a regulatory agency, consumer advocate group, or other third party were to bring successful action against the Bank or any of the partners with which the Bank operates such lending programs, there could be a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

***We are exposed to credit risks specific to the population of real estate bridge loans, including risks related to the real estate collateral value and risks related to the execution of the properties' business plan.*** 

Real estate bridge lending ("REBL") is $2.26 billion, or 31% of our total loan portfolio, as of December 31, 2025. When REBL loans default, we foreclose upon the real estate collateral, recognize the estimated fair value of the property in Other real estate owned ("OREO") on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, which was $60.7 million as of December 31, 2025. REBL are transitional commercial mortgage loans, made to improve and rehabilitate existing properties, primarily multi-family apartment buildings, and there are unique risks related to this loan population resulting from several factors, including the larger size of loan balances, the dependence on the success of the property owners' business plan, the property owners' ability to obtain subsequent funding at the end of their loan term, risks related to the market values of the collateral real estate properties, and risks related to other real estate owned.

REBL are dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower's business. If the operating company suffers difficulties, including reduction in occupancy and/or profitability, the borrower's ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Loans secured by properties where repayment is dependent upon payment of rent by third-party tenants or the sale of the property may be impacted by loss of tenants, lower lease rates needed to attract new tenants or the inability to sell a completed project in a timely fashion and at a profit. A number of factors may affect a borrower's ability to make or refinance a balloon payment at the end of the loan term, including the financial condition of the borrower, the prevailing local economic conditions, and the prevailing interest rate environment. If the borrower is delinquent or unable to repay or refinance the loan, we may record increases to our allowance based on any difference between the current market value of the property (net of costs to sell) and our carrying amount of the loan.

We are exposed to potential losses based on changes in the real estate property values underlying the REBL portfolio. While we underwrite these loans based on our required loan-to-value levels, if real estate property values decline and the estimated property value is below our current carrying amount of the loan (net of allowance), our net income could be negatively impacted from increases our allowance or impairment losses on real estate owned. While we historically have not realized charge-offs or realized losses on foreclosed properties related to REBL, there can be no assurances that we will not have significant losses in the future.

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Maintenance expense for real estate owned properties can be significant and may not be offset by related revenues. National bank regulations permit the holding of OREO for five years, with the possibility of an additional five year holding upon regulatory approval. Depending upon market conditions at the time of sale, there can be no assurance that the carrying value will be offset by the sales price, which would result in a loss.

***The success of our SBA lending program is dependent upon the continued availability of SBA loan programs, our status as a Preferred Lender under the SBA loan programs, our ability to comply with applicable SBA lending requirements and our ability to successfully manage related risks.*** 

Our Credit Solutions operations are subject to additional risks including, with respect to our SBA loans, the risk that the U.S. government's partial guaranty on SBA loans is withdrawn due to noncompliance with regulations. Our SBA lending program is dependent upon the federal government. As an SBA Preferred Lender, we enable our clients to obtain SBA loans without being subject to the potentially lengthy SBA approval process necessary for lenders that are not SBA Preferred Lenders. The SBA periodically reviews the lending operations of participating lenders to assess, among other things, whether the lender exhibits prudent risk management. When weaknesses are identified, the SBA may request corrective actions or impose enforcement actions, including revocation of the lender's Preferred Lender status. If we lose our status as an SBA Preferred Lender, we may lose some or all of our customers to lenders who are SBA Preferred Lenders, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results. Also, in the event of a loss resulting from default and a determination by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which a loan was originated, funded or serviced by us, the SBA may require us to repurchase the previously sold portion of the loan, deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty or, if it has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of the principal loss related to the deficiency from us.

Additionally for a borrower to be eligible to receive an SBA loan, the lender must establish that the borrower would not be able to secure a bank loan without the credit enhancements provided by a guaranty under the SBA program. Accordingly, the SBA loans in our portfolio generally have weaker credit characteristics than the rest of our portfolio and may be at greater risk of default in the event of deterioration in economic conditions or the borrower's financial condition. For instance, in the case of 7(a) Program loans, if businesses to which we lend generate inadequate cash flow to repay principal and interest, and borrowers are otherwise unable to repay the loan, losses may result if related collateral is sold for less than the unguaranteed balance of the loan. Because these loans are generally at variable rates, higher rate environments will increase required payments from borrowers, with increased payment default risk. As a result of a wide variety of collateral with very specific uses, markets for resale of the collateral may be limited, which could adversely affect amounts realized upon sale and therefore our financial results.

Further, any changes to the SBA program, including changes to the level of guarantee provided by the federal government on SBA loans, may also have a material adverse effect on our business. The SBA program is funded through annual appropriations approved by Congress matching funding requirements for loans approved within the budget year. Should those appropriations be reduced or cease, our ability to make SBA loans will be curtailed or terminated.

**Operations** 

***Interruptions or failures in our technology solutions, or those of our third-party service providers, could impact or interrupt our ability to service our customers, clients and partners.***

Our operations depend on our ability, as well as that of our service providers, to protect our computer systems and network infrastructure against interruptions in service due to damage from fire, power loss, telecommunications failure, software or hardware defects, physical attacks, computer hacking or similar events.

Our operations also depend upon our ability to replace a third-party provider if it experiences difficulties that interrupt our operations or if an operationally essential third-party service terminates. Any damage to, or failure of, or delay in our processes or systems generally, or those of our service providers, or an improper action by our employees, agents or third-party vendors, could result in interruptions in our service. Service interruptions impacting customers may adversely affect our ability to obtain or retain customers and could result in regulatory sanctions. Moreover, if a customer were unable to access their account or complete a financial transaction due to a service interruption, we could be subject to a claim by the customer for their loss. While our accounts and other agreements contain disclaimers of liability for these kinds of losses, we cannot predict the outcome of litigation if a customer were to make a claim against us. If we face system interruptions or failures, our business interruption insurance may not be adequate to cover the losses or damages that we incur. In addition, our insurance costs may also increase substantially in the future to cover the costs our insurance carriers may incur.

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***Cybersecurity risks, including the loss of data or disruption in our operations, could result in a loss of customers, cause disclosure of confidential information, adversely affect our operations, cause reputational damage, and create significant legal and financial exposure.***

Our operations are dependent upon our ability to ensure secure transmission of confidential information over public networks and other mediums, and protect the computer systems, software and networks utilized by us, and our third-party service providers, against cyber-attacks, cybersecurity breaches and other disruptive problems. We devote significant resources and management focus to ensuring the integrity of our systems through information security and business continuity programs. However, our measures, including encryption, authentication technology, firewalls, and penetration testing may not be effective and may not prevent or detect future potential losses or liabilities from system failures or breaches or cyber-attacks, cybersecurity breaches, or other disruptions.

Our computer systems, software and networks, and those of our third-party service providers may be targeted in cyberattacks, such as external or internal security breaches, hacking, acts of vandalism, computer viruses or malware, ransomware intrusion, denial-of-service attacks, data corruption attempts, or other similar events.

The systems we use rely on encryption and authentication technology to provide secure transmission of confidential information. Cyberattacks may expose security vulnerabilities in our systems or the systems of third-parties that could result in the unauthorized gathering, monitoring, misuse, release, loss, or destruction of confidential, proprietary, or sensitive information. As cyber threats continue to evolve, including as a result of artificial intelligence, we may be required to expend significant resources to modify or enhance protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities or incidents.

We seek to continuously monitor for and nimbly react to any and all such malicious cyber activity, and we develop our systems to protect our technology infrastructure and data from misuse, misappropriation or corruption.

Failures in, or breaches of, our computer systems, software and networks, or those of our third-party vendors or other service providers could disrupt our business or operations or those of our partners and clients, could result serious negative consequences including, but not limited to:

the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information;

misappropriation or exposure of our intellectual property, funds and those of our partners and clients;

damage to our reputation,

the loss of customers and business,

a loss of confidence in the security of our systems, products and services,

litigation exposure, regulatory fines, penalties, or regulatory enforcement action; and

increases to our costs and/or other financial losses

Any such consequences could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we may not have adequate insurance coverage to compensate for losses from a cybersecurity event. Although we, with the help of third-party service providers, intend to continue to implement security technology and establish operational procedures to prevent system failures or security breaches, these measures may not be successful.

***We are subject to risks associated with the third-parties to whom we outsource many essential services, including risks related to our agreements and oversight of their activities.***

We obtain essential technological, marketing and customer services support for our systems from third-party providers. For example, we outsource our check processing, check imaging, transaction processing, electronic bill payment, statement rendering, and other services to third-party vendors.

If one or more of these key external parties were not able to perform their functions for a period of time, perform them at an acceptable service level or handle increased volumes, or if one of them experiences a disruption in its own business or technology from any cause, our business operations could be constrained, disrupted, or otherwise negatively affected. Even a temporary disruption in services could result in our losing customers, incurring liability for any damages our customers may sustain, or losing revenues. Our agreements with such third-parties may also indirectly subject us to credit risk, fraud and other risks, which could adversely impact our profitability.

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Our agreements with each service provider are for contracted durations and generally cancelable with cause by either party upon specified notice periods. If one of our third-party service providers terminates its agreement with us and we are unable to replace it with another service provider, our operations may be interrupted. Moreover, there can be no assurance that a replacement service provider will provide its services at the same or a lower cost than the service provider it replaces.

Additionally, our regulators or auditors may require us to increase the level and manner of our oversight of these third-parties. Although we have added significant compliance staff and have used outside consultants, our internal and external compliance examiners continually evaluate our practices and must be satisfied with the results of our third-party oversight activities. We cannot assure you that we will satisfy all related requirements. Not maintaining a compliance management system which is deemed adequate could result in sanctions against the Bank. Our ongoing review and analysis of our compliance management system and implementation of any changes resulting from that review and analysis would likely result in increased non-interest expense.

***The loss or transition of key members of our senior management team or key staff in the Bank's divisions, or our inability to attract and retain qualified personnel, could adversely affect our business.***

The universe of management and staff for certain of our niche lending and payments businesses is significantly smaller than that for most financial institutions' lines of business, while our businesses may also be more complex to manage. Our ability to retain and attract new professional management with sufficient experience and expertise, and successfully execute our succession plans can significantly impact our performance. If key personnel were to leave us and equally knowledgeable or skilled personnel are unavailable within the Company, or could not be sourced in the market, our ability to manage our business may be hindered or impaired.

**Taxes and Accounting**

***Our financial statements are based in part on assumptions and estimates made by our management. Our earnings may decrease if amounts realized vary significantly from our estimates, or from updates to assumptions.***

Pursuant to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, we utilize certain assumptions and estimates in preparing our financial statements, including but not limited to, when estimating the allowance for credit losses, determining the fair values of certain assets and liabilities, and when recording accruals, reserves and other estimated realizable amounts for assets. If the assumptions or estimates underlying our financial statements are incorrect, we may experience significant losses from updates to the assumptions, or if the ultimate realization of value is materially different than the amounts reflected in our balance sheets as of any particular date.

**Allowance for credit loss**. We maintain an allowance for credit losses to provide for current and future expected losses inherent in our loan portfolio. Significant judgment is required to determine the appropriate level of the allowance, and our estimate is based upon currently available information. The allowance is determined by management after analyzing many factors including historical loan losses, current trends in delinquencies and charge-offs, our assessment of collection risks, plans for problem loan resolution, and the estimated value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral. Our estimate includes relevant information from internal and external sources, including reasonable forecasts for economic conditions.

If our assumptions are incorrect or if there is a significant deterioration in economic conditions, our allowance for credit losses may not be sufficient to cover expected credit losses in our loan and lease portfolio, resulting in unanticipated losses and additions to our allowance for credit losses. Material additions to our allowance for credit losses could materially decrease our net income.

**Fair value.** A substantial portion of our assets are recorded at fair value or include nonrecurring fair value measurements in measuring the carrying value of assets for impairment. Assets that are measured at fair value include commercial loans at fair value, and Investment securities available for sale. Assets that include fair value measurements in determining impairment or proper carrying value include estimates related to real estate owned property, estimates of the values of collateral used in measuring the allowance for collateral-dependent receivables, and the residual value of leased vehicles and equipment.

The fair value measurements are based upon significant estimates and assumptions made by our management, based on market information where available, and based on the best information available as of the measurement date. The use of different estimates or assumptions in connection with the valuation of these assets could produce materially different fair values, or our fair value estimates may not be realized in an actual sale or settlement, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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**Other Estimates.** Our financial statements include other estimates, including accruals for legal and regulatory contingencies, estimates related to tax positions, and our estimate of the recoverable amount of our receivable for the credit enhancement related to our fintech agreements. If the assumptions or estimates are subsequently proven incorrect or inaccurate, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cashflows.

For additional information on the key areas for which assumptions and estimates are used in preparing our financial statements, see "*Part II—Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates*" in this Form 10-K.

***Changes in accounting policies or accounting standards, or changes in how accounting standards are interpreted or applied, could materially affect how we report our financial results and condition.***

Our accounting policies are fundamental to determining and understanding our financial results and condition. From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. In addition, those that set accounting standards and those that interpret the accounting standards (such as the FASB, the SEC, banking regulators, and our outside auditors) may change or even reverse their previous interpretations or positions on how these standards should be applied. Changes in financial accounting and reporting standards and changes in current interpretations may be beyond our control, are difficult to predict, and could materially affect how we report our financial results and condition. We may be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively or apply an existing standard differently and retroactively, which may result in us being required to restate prior period financial statements, which restatements may reflect material changes. Such changes could also require us to incur additional personnel and technology costs and affect our business and cost of operations.

***If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results may be impacted, which could result in a loss of investor confidence and adversely impact our stock price and our business.***

We are required to maintain an effective system of internal controls to provide reasonable assurance that transactions and activities are conducted in accordance with established policies and procedures and are completely and accurately reported in our financial statements. These internal control systems are subject to various inherent limitations, including cost, judgments used in decision-making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the soundness of our systems, the possibility of human error, and the risk of fraud. Moreover, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or processes and the risk that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate over time. Because of these limitations, any system of internal operating controls may not be successful in preventing all errors or fraud or in making all material information known in a timely manner to the appropriate levels of management. From time-to-time, control deficiencies and losses from operational malfunctions or fraud have occurred and may occur in the future.

For example, in connection with the preparation of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as amended, we identified control deficiencies related to: (i) the completion of all closing procedures prior to the filing of a required periodic report with the SEC; and (ii) the evaluation of the accounting and financial reporting associated with the credit enhancement contained within a third-party agreement and the impact on the allowance for credit losses for consumer fintech loans. As of December 31, 2024, management concluded that these control deficiencies constituted material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. As discussed in *Part II, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures*, our management has since remediated the material weakness and concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025.

Control deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting may be discovered in the future and could result in material weaknesses, cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Any such failure could also adversely affect our liquidity, our access to capital markets, the perceptions of our creditworthiness, and we may be unable to maintain compliance with applicable securities laws and the rules and listing standards of the NASDAQ. In addition, we may be subject to litigation or investigations requiring management resources and payment of legal and other expenses which may negatively impact results of operations and financial condition, could negatively affect investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial statements, and could adversely impact our stock price.

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**Ownership of Our Common Stock**

***The Bank's ability to pay dividends is subject to regulatory limitations which, to the extent we require such dividends in the future, may affect our ability to pay our obligations and return capital to shareholders.***

As a holding company, we are a separate legal entity from the Bank and our other subsidiaries, and we do not have significant operations of our own. We have historically depended on the Bank's cash and liquidity, as well as its' dividends to our corporate parent entity, to pay our operating expenses and fund any returns of capital to shareholders.

Various federal provisions limit the amount of dividends that subsidiary banks can pay to their holding companies without regulatory approval. Without the prior approval of the OCC, a dividend may not be paid if the total of all dividends declared by a bank in any calendar year is in excess of the current year's net income combined with the retained net income of the two preceding years. Additionally, a dividend may not be paid in excess of a bank's retained earnings. In addition to these explicit limitations, it is possible, depending upon the financial condition of the Bank and other factors, that regulatory agencies could take the position that payment of dividends by the Bank would constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice and may, therefore, seek to prevent the Bank from paying such dividends.

Although we believe we have sufficient existing liquidity for our needs for the foreseeable future, there is risk that we may not be able to service our obligations as they become due, fund share repurchases, pay dividends on our common stock, or fulfill our trust preferred security obligations. Even if the Bank has the capacity to pay dividends, it is not obligated to pay the dividends, and its Board of Directors may determine, as it has in the past, to retain some or all of its earnings to support or increase its capital base.

***We have historically returned capital to shareholders through share repurchase programs. There can be no assurances that this will continue into the future or that this is the optimal use of our capital.***

During 2025, we repurchased 5.6 million shares of our Common stock for an aggregate $375.0 million through an open market repurchase program. These repurchases reduced our market capitalization and public float, which is the number of shares of our Common stock that are owned by non-affiliated stockholders and available for trading in the securities markets, which may reduce the volume of trading in our shares and result in reduced liquidity and volatility in our stock price. The market price of our Common stock has been and may continue to be volatile which may affect your ability to sell our Common stock at an advantageous price. For example, the closing market price of our Common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market Exchange fluctuated between $40.93 per share and $80.34 per share during 2025 and may continue to fluctuate. Market price fluctuations in our Common stock may be due to factors both within and outside of our control, including our strategic actions, industry and regulatory matters or other material public announcements, as well as a variety of additional factors including, without limitation, those set forth under these "*Risk Factors*" and "*Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements*."

For 2026, our Board of Directors provided a new authorization for up to $200.0 million of share repurchases. We have no obligation to repurchase shares under this authorization, and any share repurchase program may be extended, modified, suspended or discontinued at any time. Any repurchases would utilize cash that we will not be able to use in other ways, or to meet other potential demands, and may not prove to be the best use of our capital. There can be no assurance that we will repurchase any, or the full amount authorized under any share repurchase program, or that any past or future repurchases will have a positive impact on our stock price.

***Anti-takeover provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law may make it more difficult for holders of our common stock to receive a change in control premium.***

Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make a merger, tender offer or proxy contest more difficult, even if such events were perceived by many of our stockholders as beneficial to their interests. These provisions include, in particular, our ability to issue shares of our common stock and preferred stock with such provisions as our Board may approve without further shareholder approval. In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law which, in general, prevents an interested stockholder, defined generally as a person owning 15% or more of a corporation's outstanding voting stock, from engaging in a business combination with our company for three years following the date that person became an interested stockholder unless certain specified conditions are satisfied.

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***Our Amended and Restated Bylaws provide that certain courts in the State of Delaware or the federal district courts of the United States will be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.***

## **IT** **EM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.** 
None.

## **IT** **EM 1C. CYBERSECURITY.** 
**Risk Management and Strategy**

We recognize the increasing significance of cybersecurity in the financial industry and the potential risks associated with cyber threats. Our processes to identify, assess and monitor material risks from cybersecurity threats are part of our overall enterprise risk management program and are integrated into our operating procedures, internal controls and information systems. Our risk management program and processes are intended to maintain an effective and comprehensive Cybersecurity Program under the direction of a dedicated Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO"). Our established Cybersecurity Program is mapped to the NIST Cybersecurity framework ("NIST CSF"), Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards ("PCI DSS"), the Center for Internet Security ("CIS") Critical Security Controls, and relevant ISO standards to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our information systems, networks, and corporate and customer data. Highlights of the program include the following processes:

Monitoring and reporting of systems and critical applications;

File access and integrity monitoring and reporting;

Data loss prevention controls;

Threat intelligence;

Detailed vulnerability management;

Regular vulnerability assessments;

A security testing schedule, which includes internal/external penetration testing;

A training and compliance program for staff, including a detailed policy; and

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Third-party vendor management.

Our Security and Network Operations Center ("SOC") functions as the central point for all cybersecurity events that occur on our information systems. The SOC provides end-to-end operations to monitor, detect, alert and respond to any unusual, suspicious or malicious activities. In 2023, we expanded the SOC's operational hours to 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, utilizing both internal and third-party resources for that full coverage. We conduct risk assessments and compliance audits against the above-referenced standards and regularly benchmark and evaluate program maturity with industry leaders. We also engage both internal and external auditors and third-party information security experts to examine our cybersecurity processes. Additionally, the Company undergoes the PCI certification process and obtains the related certification on an annual basis.

Recognizing the interconnected nature of the financial industry, we evaluate and monitor the cybersecurity practices of our third-party service providers and partners using a risk-based approach. Our Third-party Oversight Department evaluates new and existing relationships based upon due diligence requirements defined by our Cybersecurity Department to understand and mitigate material risks associated with third-party service providers and partners. Risk assessments and audit results in connection with our Cybersecurity Program are reported to senior management and the Board of Directors. Risk owners from our Cybersecurity Program develop risk mitigation plans to resolve any cybersecurity risks identified in risk assessments or audits.

We recognize that a successful cybersecurity incident could lead to disruptions in operations, financial loss, reputational damage, and potential legal and regulatory consequences. The Company has a fully implemented incident response program, and internal forensics capabilities with third-party forensic experts on retainer. We also maintain business continuity and disaster recovery plans so we can more effectively respond to cybersecurity incidents. It is possible we may not implement appropriate controls if we do not recognize or underestimate a particular risk. In addition, security controls, no matter how well designed or implemented, may only partially mitigate and not fully eliminate risks. Events, when detected by security tools or third-parties, may not always be immediately understood or acted upon.

Although we believe risks from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, they may in the future, and we continue to closely monitor risks from cybersecurity threats. As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are not aware of any cybersecurity incidents that have materially affected the Company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, in the prior fiscal period.

For additional information on the impact of cybersecurity matters on us, see Item 1A, "*Risk Factors—Cybersecurity risks, including the loss of data or disruption in our operations, could result in a loss of customers, cause disclosure of confidential information, adversely affect our operations, cause reputational damage, and create significant legal and financial exposure."*

**Governance**

Management regularly evaluates and enhances its cybersecurity measures to mitigate cybersecurity risks. The Company's CISO is responsible for all aspects of the Cybersecurity Program, including managing cybersecurity functions, ensuring that cybersecurity staff are adequately skilled and trained in the activities required for their respective job functions, and overseeing corporate cybersecurity initiatives. Under the direction of the CISO, the Cybersecurity Department regularly monitors for enterprise-wide compliance with Cybersecurity Program procedures and regulatory requirements. Our CISO, in collaboration with our Chief Information Officer ("CIO"), Chief Risk Officer ("CRO"), and senior management, drives awareness, ownership and alignment of cybersecurity protocol for effective cybersecurity risk management across all lines of business and corporate functions. The CISO and CIO are responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards and processes to effectively prevent, detect, mitigate and remediate cybersecurity threats. Our CISO has expertise in cybersecurity, information security risk management, identity and access management, security architecture, application security, vulnerability management, threat intelligence, security operations and incident management and response through prior roles leading information security functions at financial institutions. The CISO holds multiple professional certifications, including Certified Chief Information Security Officer through the International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants, also known as the EC-Council.

The CISO reports to management's Enterprise Risk Management Committee and quarterly to the Board's Risk Committee regarding the Company's cyber risks and threats, the status of efforts to strengthen information security systems, assessments of the Company's Cybersecurity Program, and the emerging threat landscape. In these meetings and on an ad hoc basis senior management receives periodic reporting from the Cybersecurity Department, Operations Department and Information Technology Department on operational risks and the steps taken to monitor and control cybersecurity exposure.

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The Board of Directors recognizes the importance of cybersecurity to safeguard confidential information and sensitive data and receives periodic training on cybersecurity risk and best practices for related oversight. To aid the Board with its cybersecurity and data privacy oversight responsibilities, the Board periodically hosts experts for presentations on these topics.

The Board has delegated responsibility for more detailed oversight of the Company's cybersecurity and information security framework to the Risk Committee of the Board. The CISO and CIO provide updates on the cybersecurity threat environment and the Company's programs to address and mitigate the risks associated with the evolving cybersecurity threat environment to the Risk Committee quarterly and to the full Board at least annually and on an ad hoc basis. Additionally, the Risk Committee also reviews and approves the Cyber Risk Management Program Policy and Information Security Program Policy at least annually. Elevation to a full Board communication and/or interaction would occur upon the initiation of a cyber incident response, or a material compromise of business functionality, customer data or network integrity.

**ITEM 2.** **PROPERTIES.** 

Certain executive offices, the headquarters of the Bank and prepaid and debit card offices are located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Additional executive offices and an operations facility are located in Wilmington, Delaware.

We maintain business development and administrative offices for SBL in Morrisville, North Carolina, and Westmont, Illinois (suburban Chicago), primarily for SBA lending. Leasing offices are located in Crofton, Maryland, Smithfield, Utah, Orlando, Florida and Norristown, Pennsylvania. We maintain a loan operations office in New York, New York. We own our property in Orlando, Florida, which houses our leasing operations, while the remainder of our properties are leased.

Locations and certain additional information regarding our offices and other material properties at December 31, 2025 are listed below.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Location  | Expiration  | Square Feet  | Monthly Rent  |
| ***Leased Space*** |  |  |  |
| Sioux Falls, South Dakota  | 2038 | 51886 | $128814  |
| Wilmington, Delaware  | 2028 | 70968 | 160140  |
| Norristown, Pennsylvania | 2028 | 7180 | 10500  |
| Smithfield, Utah  | 2028 | 6451 | 7184  |
| New York, New York  | 2035 | 5209 | 28867  |
| Morrisville, North Carolina | 2027 | 3590 | 6776  |
| Crofton, Maryland  | 2027 | 3364 | 4822  |
| Westmont, Illinois | 2031 | 3003 | 3941  |
| ***Bank Owned Property*** |  |  |  |
| Orlando, Florida |  | 8850 |  |

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We believe that our properties are suitable and adequate for our operations.

**ITEM 3.** **LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.** 

For a discussion of our material pending legal proceedings, see "Note 14—Commitments and Contingencies" to the audited consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.

## **ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.** 
Not applicable.

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# **PART II** 
**ITEM 5.** **MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.** 

**Market Information and Holders**

Our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "TBBK." As of February 23, 2026, there were 42,193,830 shares of our common stock outstanding held by 18 record holders.

**Dividends**

We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock since our inception, and do not currently plan to pay cash dividends on our common stock in 2026. However, in the fourth quarter of 2022, the Bank began paying dividends to us to pay interest on certain obligations and to fund ongoing common stock repurchases. Stock repurchases are discretionary and may be terminated at any time. To the extent that planned repurchases of $50.0 million per quarter in 2026 continue, they will likely continue to be funded by dividends from the Bank to us. See *Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity."*

Our payment of dividends is subject to restrictions discussed in Item 1,*"Business—Regulation and Supervision."* Irrespective of such restrictions, it is our intent to generally retain earnings, if any, to increase our capital and fund the development and growth of our operations, and fund stock repurchases. Our Board will determine any changes in our dividend policy based upon its analysis of factors it deems relevant. We expect that these factors would include our earnings, financial condition, cash requirements, regulatory capital levels and available investment opportunities. Additionally, our Board will consider the merits of stock repurchases versus dividends.

**Common Stock Repurchases** 

The following table presents our share repurchase activity for the quarter ended December 31, 2025:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Period | Total number of shares purchased  | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs<sup>(1)</sup> | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs<sup>(2)</sup> |
|  | (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) |
| October 1, 2025 - October 31, 2025 | 761252  | $75.58  | 761252  | $92466  |
| November 1, 2025 - November 30, 2025 | 655012  | 62.33  | 655012  | 51642  |
| December 1, 2025 - December 31, 2025 | 757254  | 68.18  | 757254  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | 2173518  | 69.01  | 2173518  |  |

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<sup>(1)</sup> On October 23, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a common stock repurchase program for the 2025 fiscal year (the "2025 Common Stock Repurchase Program"). Under the 2025 Common Stock Repurchase Program, the Company was authorized to repurchase up to $37.5 million in each quarter of 2025 depending on the share price, securities laws and stock exchange rules which regulate such repurchases, and repurchased shares may have been reissued for various corporate purposes.

On July 7, 2025, the Board authorized the increase of the capacity of the existing share repurchase program for the third and fourth quarters of 2025 to $300.0 million in total.

 

<sup>(2)</sup> The Company may repurchase shares through open market purchases, including through open market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions, block purchases or otherwise in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. The share repurchase program may be suspended, amended or discontinued at any time. The 2025 authorization had an expiration date of December 31, 2025.

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**Performance Graph** 

The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return of our common stock to that of the Nasdaq Composite Stock Index and the Nasdaq Bank Stock Index by showing the value of $100 invested in our common stock and both indices on December 31, 2020 for a five-year period and the change in the value of our common stock compared to the indices as of the end of each year. The graph assumes the reinvestment of all dividends. Historical stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

![A graph showing the growth of the company's stock market Description automatically generated](tbbk-20251231x10kg001.jpg)

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Period Ending | Period Ending | Period Ending | Period Ending | Period Ending | Period Ending |
| Index | <u>12/31/2020</u> | <u>12/31/2021</u> | <u>12/31/2022</u> | <u>12/31/2023</u> | <u>12/31/2024</u> | <u>12/31/2025</u> |
| The Bancorp, Inc. | 100.00  | 185.42 | 207.91 | 282.49 | 385.57 | 494.65 |
| Nasdaq Bank Stock Index | 100.00  | 139.69 | 114.04 | 106.43 | 124.24 | 129.49 |
| Nasdaq Composite Stock Index | 100.00  | 121.39 | 81.21 | 116.47 | 149.83 | 180.33 |

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The following graph similarly compares the cumulative total shareholder return of our common stock to that of the KBW Bank Index, which is an industry recognized peer group of regional and money center banks, by showing the value of $100 invested in our common stock and the index on December 31, 2020 for a five-year period and the change in the value of our common stock compared to the index as of the end of each year. The graph assumes the reinvestment of all dividends.

![A graph showing the growth of the company's financial growth Description automatically generated](tbbk-20251231x10kg002.jpg)

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Period Ending | Period Ending | Period Ending | Period Ending | Period Ending | Period Ending |
| Index | <u>12/31/2020</u> | <u>12/31/2021</u> | <u>12/31/2022</u> | <u>12/31/2023</u> | <u>12/31/2024</u> | <u>12/31/2025</u> |
| The Bancorp, Inc. | 100.00 | 185.42 | 207.91 | 282.49 | 385.57 | 494.65 |
| KBW Bank Index | 100.00 | 135.04 | 103.00 | 98.07 | 130.19 | 167.68 |

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**ITEM 6. R** **eserved.**

 **‎** 

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## **Item 7.** **MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.** 
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") provides information about the Company's results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and asset quality and provides comparisons between our results of operations for fiscal years 2025 and 2024. For discussion and comparison of fiscal years 2024 and 2023, see Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on 10-K, as amended, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 7, 2025. This information is intended to facilitate your understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to our financial condition and results of operations. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The MD&A is organized in the following sections:

Overview

Executive Summary

Results of Operations

Financial Condition

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Asset and Liability Management

Critical Accounting Estimates

#### **Overview** 
We are a Delaware financial holding company, and our primary, wholly-owned subsidiary is The Bancorp Bank, National Association. The Bank is a federally chartered commercial bank located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and is a FDIC insured institution. The vast majority of our revenue and income is currently generated through the Bank.

Our business strategy is focused on Fintech Solutions, which partners with fintech companies and other technology focused payment-based providers (collectively "partners") to deliver payment, deposit, and sponsored lending products that attract stable, lower-cost deposits and generate fee income. Our fintech services are provided to organizations with a pre-existing customer base, and the products are tailored to support or complement the services provided by these organizations to their customers. We typically provide these services under the name and through the facilities of each organization with whom we develop a relationship. Fintech services include:

*Program sponsorship* includes debit, credit and prepaid cards that we issue for companies that market directly to end users. Our card-accessed deposit account types are diverse and include: consumer and business debit, general purpose reloadable prepaid, pre-tax medical spending benefit, payroll, gift, government, corporate incentive, reward, business payment accounts and others. The Bank issues the cards, provides access to the card networks, maintains deposits, and is the sponsor bank of record for accounts.

*Payment services* delivers real-time, end-to-end payment processing, including automated clearing house ("ACH") and Rapid Funds Transfer products. Our ACH accounts facilitate bill payments and our acquiring accounts provide clearing and settlement services for payments made to merchants which must be settled through associations such as Visa or Mastercard.

*Sponsored lending*, or Fintech loans, consist of secured credit cards and unsecured short-term extensions of credit that are originated by the Bank, with the marketing and servicing assistance of our partners. The revenue generated through fintech loan agreements is primarily fee revenue, and not interest income.

Deposits generated through these partner relationships are deployed into loan and lease products offered by both Fintech sponsored lending and the Credit Solutions business line. As of December 31, 2025, 91% of our total deposits were sourced from the Fintech Solutions business, primarily from program sponsorship.

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Credit Solutions is our lending business and is focused on offering flexible, specialty credit solutions, and we develop customized products and programs to meet the needs of our clients. Our loan programs include: Real estate bridge lending (REBL), which is comprised primarily of apartment building rehabilitation loans; Institutional banking, which is comprised of security-backed lines of credit (SBLOC), cash value insurance policy-backed lines of credit (IBLOC) and advisor financing; and commercial loans comprised primarily of Small Business Administration (SBA) loans and direct lease financing. Our total loan portfolio also includes the Fintech loans generated by the Fintech Solutions business. The loans in our non-fintech portfolio are secured by collateral, and the fintech loans are backed by credit enhancement agreements from our partners.

#### **Executive Summary** 
We remain focused on growing our fintech revenues through new partnerships, products and services. Fintech loans of $1.10 billion as of December 31, 2025 increased 142% compared to the December 31, 2024 balance of $454.4 million. Certain loan fees on fintech loans are recorded as non-interest income, and totaled $16.6 million in 2025 compared to $4.8 million in 2024. In addition, our fees earned from ACH, card and other payment processing and Prepaid, debit card and related revenues also grew to $124.6 million in 2025 from $112.0 million in 2024.

We continue to invest in our infrastructure, with a focus on investing in AI tools to gain efficiency and productivity of our people and platform, and reallocating or reducing resources where appropriate. We believe that our infrastructure can accommodate significant additional growth without proportionate increases in expense. In addition, as part of our strategies we will reallocate or reduce resources where appropriate. As part of those efforts, in the fourth quarter of 2025 we restructured our institutional banking business to de-emphasize growth and reallocate space on our balance sheet. This action resulted in a $1.1 million restructuring charge in the fourth quarter of 2025 and $8.0 million in run-rate expense reductions beginning in early 2026.

For 2025, the full year capital return was $375.0 million, and we repurchased 5.646 million shares, or 12% of issued and outstanding shares, at an average price of $66.42. We began returning capital to shareholders through share repurchases in 2021, and for the past five years of repurchases from 2021 through 2025 we have returned $825.0 million in total, repurchasing 18.998 million shares, or 33% of shares outstanding from December 31, 2020. Since 2021, we have returned 94% of our net income through share repurchases.

Our 2026 share repurchase plan was approved by our Board of Directors on July 7, 2025, and includes authorization for up to $200 million of repurchases.

**Financial Highlights**

Financial highlights include:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the years ended December 31,  | For the years ended December 31,  | For the years ended December 31,  |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) |
| **Results of Operations** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income  | $228213  | $217540  | $192296  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income per share - basic | $4.99  | $4.35  | $3.52  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income per share - diluted | $4.92  | $4.29  | $3.49  |

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Our net income increased to $228.2 million in 2025, from $217.5 million in 2024, an increase of $10.7 million, or 5%.

Earnings per diluted share increased to $4.92 from $4.29 in 2024, an increase of 15%, driven both by the increase in net income and a 4.3 million decrease in weighted average diluted shares, primarily driven by our share repurchase activity during the year.

Key components of our change in net income between periods include:

Non-interest income increased $170.8 million, to $328.3 million in 2025 from $157.5 million in 2024. That increase includes a $138.6 million increase in Fintech loan credit enhancement income. Excluding credit enhancement, the remaining $32.2 million increase is primarily driven by a 21% growth in fintech fees, or $24.3 million, and a $5.5 million increase in other non- interest income.

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Provision for credit losses, total increased $139.3 million, to $177.7 million in 2025, from $38.4 million in 2024. That increase includes $138.6 million increase in provision for fintech loans, which is offset by related credit enhancement income outlined above. Excluding the provision for fintech loans, the remaining increase in total provision between periods was $0.7 million.

See further discussion of fintech loans and the related credit enhancement in "*Financial Condition—Total Loan Portfolio—Fintech Programs*" in this MD&A.

Non-interest expense increased $19.9 million, to $223.1 million in 2025, from $203.2 million in 2024. That increase is primarily driven by a $11.0 million increase in salary and employee benefits, a $5.3 million increase in legal expense and legal settlements, and $2.6 million increase in software.

Detailed discussion of our financial results and the drivers of these fluctuations follows in "*Results of Operations".*

We use a number of key performance indicators ("KPIs") to measure our overall financial performance and believe they are useful to investors because they provide additional information about our underlying operational performance and trends.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of and for the years ended December 31,  | As of and for the years ended December 31,  | As of and for the years ended December 31,  |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| **Key Performance Indicators** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Return on assets | 2.54% | 2.71% | 2.59% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Return on equity | 28.90% | 27.24% | 25.62% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Equity to assets (as of period end) | 7.38% | 9.05% | 10.48% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net interest margin  | 4.31% | 4.85% | 4.95% |
| **Volume:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Average loans and leases | $6624321  | $5925707  | $5728785  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Average deposits | $7894528  | $6947330  | $6407377  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-interest income: fintech fees | $141147  | $116798  | $99239  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid and debit card gross dollar volume (GDV) | $178211647  | $152637453  | $133052546  |

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Our strategic focus on growing our fintech business fee-based income and fintech loan portfolio had an impact on our KPIs as follows:

Average loans and leases grew to $6.62 billion in 2025 from $5.93 billion in 2024, an increase of $698.6 million or 12%, primarily driven by a $468.6 million increase in our average fintech portfolio.

Non-interest income—fintech fees increased to $141.1 million in 2025, up 21% from $116.8 million in 2024 which reflected continued organic volume growth with existing partners and products and the impact of new products launched within the past year.

Net interest margin decreased to 4.31% in 2025 from 4.85% in 2024, driven by the shift in our loan portfolio to a greater percentage of fintech loans, for which we primarily earn fee income and not interest income, combined with the impact of Federal Reserve rate decreases beginning in September 2024. See further discussion of the growth in Fintech lending contributing to margin compression under "*Results of Operations—Growth of Fintech Lending*" in the following section.

Prepaid and debit card gross dollar volume increased to $178.21 billion, up 17% from $152.64 billion in 2024, which directly contributed to a $6.1 million increase in Fintech fee income from Prepaid, debit card and related fees.

Average deposits grew to $7.89 billion in 2025 from $6.95 billion in 2024, an increase of $947 million or 14%, primarily driven by a $970 million increase in average fintech deposits. Fintech is the source of 95% of our average total deposits for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Our efforts to return capital to shareholders through share repurchases had an impact on our ratio of equity to assets KPI. At December 31, 2025, the ratio of equity to assets was 7.38%, compared to 9.05% at December 31, 2024, primarily driven by reductions in equity from share repurchases partially offset by an increase in equity capital from retained earnings.

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#### **Results of Operations – 2025 compared to 2024** 
**Net Interest Income** 

Net interest income for 2025 decreased $0.7 million, or 0.2%, to $375.5 million in 2025 from $376.2 million for 2024. Net interest margin for 2025 decreased 54 basis points to 4.31% for 2025 from 4.85% for 2024.

*Growth of Fintech Lending*

Our strategy is to continue to drive growth in our Fintech lending business, as seen in the mix shift of our loan portfolio to 15% of ending loans in 2025. A significant portion of these loans are 0% interest and, as such, do not recognize interest income, however we do generate fee revenue from these loans, through our partnership agreements. This mix shift to non-interest earning loans resulted in a reduction of the calculated average rate earned by total loans, average rate earned by our net interest-earning assets, and net interest margin in the above analysis. Offsetting these impacts is the growth in Consumer fintech fee income recognized within non-interest income in our Consolidated Statements of Operations which was $16.6 million and $4.8 million for 2025 and 2024, respectively.

We expect to continue to increase the proportion of Fintech loans in our portfolio in 2026 and beyond, and therefore we expect to see continued compression in our average rate earned on loans, and net interest margin, as the mix of fintech loans continues to grow. However, we also expect growth in our fintech fees within non-interest income driven by the increase in that population.

*Interest Income* 

Interest income decreased $0.2 million to $551.4 million for 2025 from $551.6 million for 2024, driven by a $10.8 million decrease in interest from loans and leases, partially offset by a $10.6 million increase in interest on investment securities and interest-earning deposits.

Interest income from loans decreased $10.8 million, driven by lower average rates earned on non-fintech loans and by a shift in our portfolio mix to more fintech loans. The average rate for non-fintech loans decreased 53 basis points to 7.39% from 7.92% for 2024, primarily driven by a decline in interest rates, including a 94 basis point reduction in the average Fed Funds rate for 2025 compared to 2024, and a 91 basis point reduction in the 30-day average SOFR for 2025 compared to 2024. Average fintech loans increased to $606.7 million from $138.1 million. While we recognized $3.4 million in interest income on a portion of these loans, a majority of the fintech loans are 0% interest; however, we recognize fee income on those loans. Specifically, we earned $16.6 million and $4.8 million for 2025 and 2024, respectively, of consumer credit fintech fees on those loans that do not generate interest income, which is recorded in our non-interest income. The loan mix shift to fintech loans, when combined with non-fintech loans rate impact, drives the overall change in rate on our total loan population of a 98 basis point decrease, to 6.76% in 2025 from 7.74% in 2024. See further discussion under "*Growth of Fintech Lending*" above.

Interest income from investment securities and interest-earning deposits increased $10.6 million, mainly driven by growth in average investment securities plus a $3.0 million one-time income amount at the time of repayment of our CRE-2 securitization in the second quarter of 2025, related to closing out final balances related to the investment. Our average investment securities were $1.47 billion for 2025 compared to $1.33 billion for 2024.

*Interest Expense*

Interest expense increased by $0.5 million, or 0.3%, to $175.9 million in 2025 from $175.4 million in 2024, driven by a $3.9 million increase in interest expense on senior debt, partially offset by $1.6 million lower interest on deposits and $1.6 million lower interest on long-term borrowings. Interest on senior debt increased $3.9 million, from $4.9 million to $8.8 million, due to higher interest from the August 2025 offering of $200.0 million 7.375% Senior notes due 2030, which repaid at maturity the $100.0 million 4.75% Senior notes due 2025. While average total deposits increased $947 million, interest expense decreased, driven primarily by federal rate changes in the second half of 2025. Interest on deposits is driven by contractual relationships with our clients, where deposit rates adjust to a portion of Federal Reserve rate changes. Long-term borrowings consists of sold loans that are accounted for as secured borrowings, because they did not qualify for true sale accounting. Interest on long-term borrowings decreased in 2025 compared to 2024, driven by a decline in balance of the underlying population of loans, which are in runoff.

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*Net Interest Margin*

Our net interest margin (calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest-earning assets) decreased 54 basis points to 4.31% for 2025 from 4.85% for 2024. The average yield on our interest-earning assets decreased 78 basis points to 6.33% for 2025 from 7.11% for 2024 primarily due to the loan mix shift to non-interest bearing fintech loans as discussed above under *"Growth of Fintech Lending",* while the cost of total deposits and interest-bearing liabilities decreased 29 basis points to 2.17% for 2025 from 2.46% for 2024, or a net change of 49 basis points.

*Average Daily Balance* 

The following table presents the average daily balances of assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity and the respective interest earned or paid on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as average rates.

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 | 2025 vs 2024 | 2025 vs 2024 | 2025 vs 2024 | 2025 vs 2024 | 2025 vs 2024 | 2025 vs 2024 |
|  | Average | Average |  |  | Average | Average | Average |  |  | Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | balance | balance | Interest | Interest | rate | balance | balance | Interest | Interest | rate | Due to Volume | Due to Volume | Due to Rate | Due to Rate | Total | Total |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| **Assets:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Loans net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-fintech loans | $| 6010543  | $| 444118  | 7.39% | $| 5782550  | $| 458191  | 7.92% | $| 18065  | $| (32138) | $| (14073) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fintech loans |  | 606658  |  | 3395  | 0.56% |  | 138093  |  | 214  | 0.15% |  | 726  |  | 2455  |  | 3181  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs<sup>(1)</sup> | $| 6617201  | $| 447513  | 6.76% | $| 5920643  | $| 458405  | 7.74% |  | 18792  |  | (29684) |  | (10892) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Leases-bank qualified<sup>(2)</sup> |  | 7120  |  | 655  | 9.20% |  | 5064  |  | 522  | 10.31% |  | 212  |  | (79) |  | 133  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investment securities-taxable<sup>(3)</sup> |  | 1464716  |  | 76021  | 5.19% |  | 1331234  |  | 66262  | 4.98% |  | 6644  |  | 98  |  | 6742  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investment securities-nontaxable<sup>(2)</sup> |  | 7735  |  | 490  | 6.33% |  | 3487  |  | 237  | 6.80% |  | 289  |  | (36) |  | 253  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest-earning deposits |  | 615134  |  | 26931  | 4.38% |  | 497180  |  | 26326  | 5.30% |  | 6246  |  | (5641) |  | 605  |
| Net interest-earning assets |  | 8711906  |  | 551610  | 6.33% |  | 7757608  |  | 551752  | 7.11% |  | 32182  |  | (35341) |  | (3159) |
| Allowance for credit losses |  | (55217) |  |  |  |  | (28707) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other assets |  | 329121  |  |  |  |  | 308814  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 8985810  |  |  |  | $ | 8037715  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Demand and interest checking | $| 7796951  | $| 158860  | 2.04% | $| 6875368  | $| 161841  | 2.35% | $| 21693  | $| (24674) | $| (2981) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Savings and money market |  | 97577  |  | 3891  | 3.99% |  | 71962  |  | 2531  | 3.52% |  | 901  |  | 459  |  | 1360  |
| Total deposits  |  | 7894528  |  | 162751  | 2.06% |  | 6947330  |  | 164372  | 2.37% |  | 22594  |  | (24215) |  | (1621) |
| Short-term borrowings |  | 58060  |  | 2498  | 4.30% |  | 44220  |  | 2469  | 5.58% |  | 773  |  | (744) |  | 29  |
| Repurchase agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Long-term borrowings |  | 13911  |  | 784  | 5.64% |  | 35232  |  | 2420  | 6.87% |  | (1464) |  | (172) |  | (1636) |
| Subordinated debt |  | 13401  |  | 1020  | 7.61% |  | 13401  |  | 1155  | 8.62% |  |  |  | (135) |  | (135) |
| Senior debt |  | 132720  |  | 8805  | 6.63% |  | 96027  |  | 4935  | 5.14% |  | 1885  |  | 1985  |  | 3870  |
| Total deposits and liabilities |  | 8112620  |  | 175858  | 2.17% |  | 7136213  |  | 175351  | 2.46% |  | 23788  |  | (23281) |  | 507  |
| Other liabilities |  | 83651  |  |  |  |  | 102970  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total liabilities  |  | 8196271  |  |  |  |  | 7239183  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Shareholders' equity |  | 789539  |  |  |  |  | 798532  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 8985810  |  |  |  | $ | 8037715  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net interest income on tax equivalent basis<sup>(2)</sup> |  |  | $ | 375752  |  |  |  | $ | 376401  |  | $ | 8394  | $ | (12060) | $ | (3666) |
| Tax equivalent adjustment |  |  |  | 241  |  |  |  |  | 160  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net interest income |  |  | $ | 375511  |  |  |  | $ | 376241  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net interest margin<sup>(2)</sup> |  |  |  |  | 4.31% |  |  |  |  | 4.85% |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  | <sup>(1)</sup>Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.  |
| <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. | <sup>(2)</sup>Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory federal tax rates in 2025 and 2024. |

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<sup>(3)</sup> The year ended December 31, 2025 includes $3.0 million of one-time income recognized at the time of repayment of CRE-2 securitization in the second quarter of 2025, related to closing out final balances related to the investment. The $3.0 million of interest income was excluded from change due to rate.

In 2025 compared to 2024, average interest-earning assets increased $954.3 million to $8.71 billion, reflecting a $698.6 million increase in average loans and leases, a $118.0 million increase in average interest-earning deposits and a $137.7 million increase in average investment securities.

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Non-fintech loans average balance increased $228.0 million to $6.01 billion in 2025 from $5.78 billion in 2024, and the average yield on those loans declined 53 basis points to 7.39% from 7.92% for 2024, primarily driven by a decline in interest rates, including a 94 basis point reduction in the average Fed Funds rate for 2025 compared to 2024, and a 91 basis point reduction in the 30-day average SOFR for 2025 compared to 2024.

Fintech loans average balance increased $468.6 million to $606.7 million in 2025 from $138.1 million in 2024, with average rate on this population less than 1% for both periods. While we recognized $3.4 million in interest income on a portion of these loans, a majority of the fintech loans are 0% interest; however, we recognize fee income on those loans. Specifically, we earned $16.6 million and $4.8 million for 2025 and 2024, respectively, of consumer credit fintech fees on those loans that do not generate interest income, which is recorded in our non-interest income. The loan mix shift to fintech loans, when combined with non-fintech loans rate impact, drives the overall change in rate on our total loan population of a 98 basis point decrease, to 6.76% in 2025 from 7.74% in 2024.

**Provision for Credit Losses** 

Provision for credit losses was $177.7 million for 2025 compared to $38.4 million for 2024, an increase of $139.3 million. The increase in provision is primarily attributable to a $138.6 million increase in provision for fintech loans, which was $169.3 million in 2025, compared to $30.7 million in 2024. We recognized related non-interest income amounts related to a credit enhancement provided contractually by a Fintech partner of $169.3 million in 2025 and $30.7 million in 2024. Accordingly, there have been no related net losses on our fintech portfolio. See further discussion of this program in "*Financial Condition—Total Loan Portfolio—Fintech Programs*" in this MD&A.

Provision for credit losses on non-fintech loans was $9.0 million for 2025, a decrease of $0.3 million, compared to $9.3 million for 2024.

For more information about our provision, allowance and credit loss experience, see "*Financial Condition—Portfolio Performance*" in this MD&A and "*Note 5—Loans*" to the audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

**Non-Interest Income**

Non-interest income increased $170.8 million, or 108%, to $328.3 million for 2025 compared to $157.5 million for 2024. The increase is primarily driven by a $138.6 million increase in fintech loan credit enhancement income, a $24.3 million increase in fintech fee income, and $5.5 million increase in other non-interest income.

The $138.6 million increase in fintech loan credit enhancement income correlates to a like amount for provision for credit losses on fintech loans. See further discussion directly above under "Provision for Credit Losses on Loans."

The $24.3 million increase in fintech fee income includes an $11.8 million increase in consumer credit fintech fees, a $6.4 million increase in ACH, card and other payment processing fees, and $6.1 million increase in prepaid, debit card and related fees. Consumer credit fintech fees amounted to $16.6 million for 2025, compared to $4.8 million for 2024, reflecting higher loan volume as significant volumes in that program began in the fourth quarter of 2025. Prepaid and debit card and related fees increased $6.1 million, to $103.5 million for 2025 from $97.4 million for 2024, reflecting reflected higher transaction volume from new clients and organic growth from existing clients. ACH, card and other payment processing fees increased $6.4 million to $21.0 million for 2025 compared to $14.6 million for 2024, reflecting an increase in rapid funds transfer volume.

The $5.5 million increase in Other non-interest income to $8.9 million in 2025 from $3.4 million in 2024, is primarily driven by increased payoff fee income on REBL loans and $2.3 million recognized in 2025 from the forfeiture of an earnest money deposit for a terminated OREO sale agreement.

------

**Non-Interest Expense**

The following table presents the principal categories of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the year ended December 31, | For the year ended December 31, | For the year ended December 31, | For the year ended December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | Increase (Decrease) | Percent Change |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Salaries and employee benefits | $142554  | $131597  | $10957  | 8.3% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation  | 4650  | 4155  | 495  | 11.9% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Rent and related occupancy cost  | 6466  | 6746  | (280) | (4.2%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Data processing expense | 4964  | 5666  | (702) | (12.4%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Audit expense  | 2477  | 1484  | 993  | 66.9% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Legal expense  | 6690  | 3081  | 3609  | 117.1% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Legal settlements | 2000  | 284  | 1716  | 604.2% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;FDIC insurance  | 4543  | 3579  | 964  | 26.9% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Software | 20541  | 17913  | 2628  | 14.7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Insurance | 4780  | 5195  | (415) | (8.0%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Telecom and IT network communications | 1222  | 1227  | (5) | (0.4%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Consulting | 1663  | 1852  | (189) | (10.2%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other  | 20564  | 20446  | 118  | 0.6% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total non-interest expense | $223114  | $203225  | $19889  | 9.8% |

---

Total non-interest expense increased $19.9 million, or 9.8%, to $223.1 million for 2025 from $203.2 million in 2024. Primary drivers of changes in non-interest expense were as follows:

Salaries and employee benefits expense increased $11.0 million, reflecting higher stock and other incentive compensation, and employee insurance expense. The increase also reflected higher salaries for IT and cybersecurity, and higher financial crimes and risk management expense primarily due to increased headcount.

Legal expense and legal settlements increased $5.3 million in total, related to higher costs from litigation and higher expense for regulatory filings. Legal includes a $2.0 million settlement in the fourth quarter of 2025 related to a previously terminated partner relationship in our payments business. The settlement amount recognized is the gross expense and excludes any potential insurance recovery that may occur in the future related to the settlement and previously incurred legal costs.

Software expense increased $2.6 million, reflecting higher expenditures for information technology infrastructure including leasing, institutional banking, cybersecurity, and enterprise risk.

Audit expense increased $1.0 million, reflecting higher expense for regulatory filings.

FDIC insurance expense increased $1.0 million, reflecting an increase in the assessment rate in the second quarter and third quarter of 2025.

**Income Tax Expense**

Income tax expense was $74.8 million and $74.6 million respectively, for 2025 and 2024, with effective tax rates of 24.7% in 2025 and 25.5% in 2024, based on a 21% federal tax rate plus state taxes.

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**Segments**

Our operations can be classified under three segments: Fintech Solutions, Credit Solutions (three sub-segments) and corporate.

**Fintech Solutions** partners with fintech companies and other technology focused payment-based providers to deliver payment, deposit, and sponsored lending products that attract stable, lower-cost deposits and generate fee income. Fintech includes: (i) Program sponsorship, or prepaid debit and credit cards that we issue which are generated by companies that market directly to end users. Through this product, we source the majority of our deposits and generate non-interest income. (ii) Payment services, or ACH processing and other real-time end-to-end payment processing services for which we earn fee income; and (iii) Sponsored lending, or Fintech loans, which consist of secured credit card and unsecured short-term extensions of credit that are originated by the Bank, with the marketing and servicing assistance of our partners. As of December 31, 2025, 91% of our total deposits were sourced from Fintech Solutions, primarily from Program sponsorship.

**Credit Solutions** is our lending operation, and includes: (i) Real estate bridge lending (REBL) which comprised primarily of apartment building rehabilitation loans; (ii) institutional banking comprised of security-backed lines of credit (SBLOC), cash value insurance policy-backed lines of credit (IBLOC) and advisor financing; and (iii) commercial loans comprised primarily of Small Business Administration (SBA) loans and direct lease financing. Credit Solutions also includes deposits generated by those business lines.

**Corporate** includes investment securities, corporate overhead, and expenses that have not been allocated to segments. Segment financial results are shown in "Note 18—Segment Financial Information" to the audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

#### **Financial Condition** 
**Total Assets** 

Our total assets at December 31, 2025 were $9.35 billion, a $624.9 million increase from $8.73 billion at December 31, 2024. The change in total assets was primarily driven by a $919 million increase in our total loan portfolio, a $169 million increase in investment securities, partially offset by a $457 million decrease in our cash and cash equivalents.

We are managing our balance sheet to remain under $10 billion in assets in order to maintain our exemption from regulated limits on interchange fees, among other benefits, under the Durbin Amendment. Our strategy in managing our balance sheet includes balancing our investments in our loan portfolio and investment securities to strategically direct the growth of our business.

**Investment Securities**

Total investment securities increased to $1.67 billion as of December 31, 2025, an increase of $168.9 million, or 11.2%, from December 31, 2024. The following table presents a summary of our available-for-sale investment securities, by major category:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| U.S. Government agency securities | $25109  | $29962  |
| Asset-backed securities | 234101  | 214499  |
| Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions | 9636  | 6787  |
| Taxable obligations of states and political subdivisions | 18927  | 28833  |
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 464323  | 433419  |
| Collateralized mortgage obligation securities | 57580  | 26152  |
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 862074  | 763208  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total Investment securities available for sale, at fair value** | $1671750  | $1502860  |

---

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The following table show the contractual maturity distribution and the weighted average yields of our investment securities portfolio as of December 31, 2025:

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | **Zero to one year** |  | **After one to five years** |  | **After five to ten years** |  | **Over ten years** |  | **Total** |
|  |  | Average |  | Average |  | Average |  | Average |  |
|  | Balance | yield | Balance | yield | Balance | yield | Balance | yield | Balance |
| U.S. Government agency securities | $— |  | $4424  | 2.84% | $13440  | 4.92% | $7245  | 3.55% | $25109  |
| Asset-backed securities  | 1852  | 5.80% | 4702  | 5.85% | 56963  | 5.71% | 170584  | 5.48% | 234101  |
| Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions<sup>(1)</sup> | 1153  | 2.30% |  |  | 2010  | 3.87% | 6473  | 4.44% | 9636  |
| Taxable obligations of states and political subdivisions | 9658  | 3.14% | 7133  | 4.17% |  |  | 2136  | 6.00% | 18927  |
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 23  | 2.66% |  |  | 2256  | 5.54% | 462044  | 4.95% | 464323  |
| Collateralized mortgage obligation securities |  |  | 44  | 2.10% | 7  | 3.27% | 57529  | 4.20% | 57580  |
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 7186  | 2.35% | 206314  | 4.22% | 499422  | 4.70% | 149152  | 4.05% | 862074  |
| Total | $19872  |  | $222617  |  | $574098  |  | $855163  |  | $1671750  |
| Weighted average yield |  | 3.05% |  | 4.23% |  | 4.81% |  | 4.83% |  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> If adjusted to their taxable equivalents, yields would approximate 2.91%, 4.90%, and 5.62% for zero to one year, five to ten years, and over ten years, respectively, at a federal tax rate of 21%.

For detailed information on the composition and maturity distribution of our investment securities, see "*Note 4—Investment Securities*" to the audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

**Total Loan Portfolio** 

We have developed a detailed credit policy for our lending activities and utilize loan committees to oversee the lending function. SBLOC, IBLOC and other consumer loans, investment advisor financing, SBLs, leases and REBL each have their own loan committee. The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Credit Officer serve on all loan committees. Each committee also includes lenders from that particular type of specialty lending. The Chief Credit Officer is responsible for both loan regulatory compliance and adherence to our internal credit policy. Key committee members have lengthy experience and certain of them have had similar positions at substantially larger institutions. Fintech loans are underwritten via automated credit decisioning, which does not allow manual loan decisioning and does not require a committee to oversee specific loan approvals. Ongoing governance includes quality control testing to monitor automated decisions for consistency with Bank-approved credit underwriting standards. Governance is overseen by specialists in Fintech Solutions and the Company's enterprise credit team. Credit underwriting models are subject to the Bank's enterprise model risk management program and associated standards and validation requirements.

We originate substantially all of our portfolio loans, although from time to time we have purchased lease pools and may purchase other individual loans. If a proposed loan should exceed our lending limit, we would sell a participation in the loan to another financial institution.

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The following table summarizes our total loan portfolio, including loans held at fair value, by loan category for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31,  | December 31,  | December 31,  | December 31,  | December 31,  |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
| **Loans recorded at amortized cost:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| SBL non-real estate  | $235282 | $190322 | $137752  | $108954  | $147722  |
| SBL commercial mortgage | 749234 | 662091 | 606986  | 474496  | 361171  |
| SBL construction  | 22382 | 34685  | 22627  | 30864  | 27199  |
| SBLs | 1006898 | 887098 | 767365  | 614314  | 536092  |
| Direct lease financing  | 685422 | 700553  | 685657  | 632160  | 531012  |
| SBLOC / IBLOC | 1669985 | 1564018  | 1627285  | 2332469  | 1929581  |
| Advisor financing | 294236 | 273896  | 221612  | 172468  | 115770  |
| Real estate bridge lending | 2188952 | 2109041  | 1999782  | 1669031  | 621702  |
| Fintech | 1097998 | 454357  | 311  |  |  |
| Other loans<sup>(1)</sup> | 157416 | 111328 | 50327  | 61679  | 5014  |
|  | 7100907 | 6100291  | 5352339  | 5482121  | 3739171  |
| Unamortized loan fees and costs | 15769 | 13337  | 8800  | 4732  | 8053  |
| **Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs** | $7116676 | $6113628  | $5361139  | $5486853  | $3747224  |
| **Commercial loans, at fair value** |  |  |  |  |  |
| SBLs, at fair value | $68374 | $89902  | $119287  | $146717  | $199585  |
| Real estate bridge lending, at fair value | 71015 | 133213  | 213479  | 442426  | 1188831  |
| **Total commercial loans, at fair value**  | $139389 | $223115  | $332766  | $589143  | $1388416  |
| **Total loan portfolio** | $7256065 | $6336743  | $5693905  | $6075996  | $5135640  |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Other loans primarily consists of warehouse financing related to loan sales to third-party purchasers of $110.7 million and $65.5 million at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The majority of our loan portfolio is loans recorded at amortized cost, which are recognized net of an allowance for credit loss. Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs increased to $7.12 billion at December 31, 2025 from $6.11 billion at December 31, 2024. This $1.00 billion increase is primarily driven by growth in fintech loans of $643.6 million, $126.5 million increase in SBL loans and $105.9 million increase in SBLOC/IBLOC.

Commercial loans, at fair value are comprised of non-SBA commercial real estate loans and SBA loans which had been originated for sale or securitization through the first quarter of 2020, and which are now being held for investment on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These loans continue to be recognized at fair value, and this portfolio declined $83.7 million from December 31, 2024, as this portfolio continues to runoff. All originations are now being recognized at amortized cost.

The underlying nature of the collateral for our loan portfolio includes:

Real estate bridge loans are primarily collateralized by apartment buildings, or other commercial real estate;

SBL non-real estate are collateralized by business assets, which may include certain real estate;

SBL commercial mortgage and construction are collateralized by real estate for small businesses;

SBLOC are collateralized by marketable investment securities while IBLOC are collateralized by the cash value of life insurance;

Advisor financing are collateralized by investment advisors' business franchises; and

Direct lease financing are collateralized primarily by vehicles or equipment.

Fintech loans include secured credit card accounts of $729.1 million and $201.1 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which are backed dollar for dollar by cash collateral by each individual cardholder that are recognized as deposits on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, and these loans are required to be repaid in-full monthly. The remaining fintech loans consist of cashflow underwritten short-term liquidity products to individual borrowers ranging in maturities from 30 to 365 days. All fintech loans are covered by credit enhancement agreements, as discussed further below under *"Fintech Programs".*

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The following table summarizes the concentration by state of our real estate bridge loans as of December 31, 2025 (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Balance | Origination date LTV |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Texas | $564381 | 72% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Georgia | 334814 | 72% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Florida | 233855 | 69% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;New Jersey | 131607 | 69% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Indiana | 122841 | 70% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Missouri | 110392 | 75% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Ohio | 102093 | 70% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other States each <$90 million | 588969 | 71% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $2188952 | 71% |

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*Fintech Programs* 

Our fintech programs include consumer transaction accounts and fintech loans.

*Consumer transaction accounts* consist primarily of Bank-issued stored value prepaid or debit cards. For this program, we recognize a deposit liability for the current balance of the cards and recognize fee-based revenue in Non-interest income—Prepaid, debit card and related fees; we do not have any receivables or allowance risk related to the payment programs.

*Fintech loans* consist of short-term loans originated by the Bank, with the marketing and servicing assistance of our partner. Loans receivable originated under these fintech agreements are governed by an agreement with the borrower and may include: secured credit cards and unsecured short-term extensions of credit. For the secured credit card program, we recognize a loan receivable and a deposit liability for the cash collateral that secures those accounts. Unsecured fintech loans include payroll advance and other short term-extensions of credit; those accounts are typically repaid within a year of origination.

As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, all fintech loans, both secured and unsecured, are covered by credit enhancement agreements. The partner relationship agreements governing our fintech loan programs include provisions for credit enhancements, through which the partner covers incurred losses on such fintech loans (either in whole or in part). When a fintech loan meets a defined delinquency level, we recognize a charge-off of the receivable, and the incurred losses are covered by the partner. Any subsequent recoveries from the charged-off loan are credited to the partner.

The partner relationship agreements governing our fintech loan programs include requirements for pledging cash reserve accounts at the Bank as collateral for loss exposure, through which we can collect when losses occur. The reserve accounts are then replenished by the partner based on contractually required thresholds. In addition to the reserve accounts, the agreements also provide for the right to offset any cashflows we owe to our partners (such as for monthly revenues) against any net realized loan losses. While we continually monitor the risk of these partners, establish the reserve thresholds at levels we consider appropriate to cover loss exposure on these short-term loan receivables, and we have additional protection from our rights to net realized loan losses against cashflows owed to the partner, if the partner defaults under their agreement and/or is unable to fulfill their contractual obligations to replenish the reserve account and cover losses, we may be exposed to loan losses in excess of our net reserve position.

The loan receivable agreement with the borrower and the Fintech partner credit enhancement agreements are required to be accounted for separately as freestanding contracts in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As such, we recognize the separate units of account as follows:

Fintech loans receivable from the borrower are recognized in Loans, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, along with an estimate of credit loss for fintech loans through the allowance. Provision for credit losses on fintech loans is recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

A credit enhancement asset is recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the estimated recovery under the Fintech partner credit enhancement agreement, and the Company recognizes Non-interest income—Fintech loan credit enhancement on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, included in our deposit liability balances on our Consolidated Balance Sheets are reserve account collateral amounts held to fund losses under the credit enhancement agreements.

The measurement of the estimated credit losses and the expected recovery from the credit enhancement are based on the same estimate and correlate to like amounts in our financial statements. We recognized credit enhancement assets of $31.1 million and $12.9 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

 *‎* 

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*Portfolio Estimated Maturities*

The following table presents loan categories by maturity for the period indicated. Actual repayments historically have, and will likely in the future, differ significantly from contractual maturities because individual borrowers generally have the right to prepay loans, with or without prepayment penalties, and certain loans contain extension options that may be exercised. See "*Asset and Liability Management*" in this MD&A for a discussion of interest rate risk.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
|  | Within  | After five but |  |  |
|  | one year  | within 15 years  | After 15 years  | Total  |
|  | (Dollars in thousands)  | (Dollars in thousands)  | (Dollars in thousands)  | (Dollars in thousands)  |
| **Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs** |  |  |  |  |
| SBL non-real estate  | $399  | $219895  | $957  | $235282  |
| SBL commercial mortgage | 16201  | 234817  | 442366  | 749234  |
| SBL construction  | 5934  | 6051  | 10397  | 22382  |
| Direct lease financing | 109370  | 24877  |  | 685422  |
| SBLOC/IBLOC | 1669985  |  |  | 1669985  |
| Advisor financing | 625  | 156399  |  | 294236  |
| Real estate bridge lending | 1053906  |  |  | 2188952  |
| Fintech | 1097998  |  |  | 1097998  |
| Other loans | 72238  | 16270  | 7696  | 157416  |
| **Commercial loans, at fair value** | 20789  | 14230  | 37531  | 139389  |
| Total  | $4047445  | $672539  | $498947  | $7240296  |
| Unamortized loan fees and costs |  |  |  | 15769  |
| Total loan portfolio |  |  |  | $7256065  |
| **Loan maturities after one year with:** | **Loan maturities after one year with:** | **Loan maturities after one year with:** | **Loan maturities after one year with:** | **Loan maturities after one year with:** |
| Fixed rates |  |  |  |  |
| SBL non-real estate  |  | $— | $— | $1411  |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  | 2545  |  | 10156  |
| Direct lease financing |  | 21747  |  | 550188  |
| Advisor financing |  | 155446  |  | 292481  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  |  | 956713  |
| Other loans |  | 4722  | 6858  | 40080  |
| Commercial loans, at fair value |  |  |  | 42442  |
| Total loans at fixed rates |  | $184460  | $6858  | $1893471  |
| Variable rates |  |  |  |  |
| SBL non-real estate  |  | $219895  | $957  | $233472  |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  | 232272  | 442366  | 722877  |
| SBL construction  |  | 6051  | 10397  | 16448  |
| Direct lease financing |  | 3130  |  | 25864  |
| Advisor financing |  | 953  |  | 1130  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  |  | 178333  |
| Other loans |  | 11548  | 838  | 45098  |
| Commercial loans, at fair value |  | 14230  | 37531  | 76158  |
| Total at variable rates |  | $488079  | $492089  | $1299380  |
| Total maturities after one year |  | $672539  | $498947  | $3192851  |

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------

*Portfolio Performance*

For our loans recorded at amortized cost, the following tables present delinquencies by type of loan as of the dates specified (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
|  | 30-59 days | 60-89 days | 90+ days |  | Total past due |  | Total |
|  | past due | past due | still accruing | Non-accrual | and non-accrual | Current | loans |
| SBL non-real estate  | $1515  | $344  | $— | $8639  | $10498  | $224784  | $235282  |
| SBL commercial mortgage | 224  |  |  | 21977  | 22201  | 727033  | 749234  |
| SBL construction  |  |  |  | 2660  | 2660  | 19722  | 22382  |
| Direct lease financing  | 2461  | 894  | 1457  | 12066  | 16878  | 668544  | 685422  |
| SBLOC / IBLOC | 5328  | 65  | 251  | 446  | 6090  | 1663895  | 1669985  |
| Advisor financing |  |  |  |  |  | 294236  | 294236  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  | 14459  | 9755  | 24214  | 2164738  | 2188952  |
| Fintech | 24701  | 3791  | 2030  |  | 30522  | 1067476  | 1097998  |
| Other loans | 209  | 111  | 2  | 142  | 464  | 156952  | 157416  |
| Unamortized loan fees and costs |  |  |  |  |  | 15769  | 15769  |
|  | $34438  | $5205  | $18199  | $55685  | $113527  | $7003149  | $7116676  |
|  | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
|  | 30-59 days | 60-89 days | 90+ days |  | Total past due |  | Total |
|  | past due | past due | still accruing | Non-accrual | and non-accrual | Current | loans |
| SBL non-real estate  | $229  | $— | $871  | $2635  | $3735  | $186587  | $190322  |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  |  | 336  | 4885  | 5221  | 656870  | 662091  |
| SBL construction  |  |  |  | 1585  | 1585  | 33100  | 34685  |
| Direct lease financing  | 7069  | 1923  | 1088  | 6026  | 16106  | 684447  | 700553  |
| SBLOC / IBLOC | 20991  | 1808  | 3322  | 503  | 26624  | 1537394  | 1564018  |
| Advisor financing |  |  |  |  |  | 273896  | 273896  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  |  | 12300  | 12300  | 2096741  | 2109041  |
| Fintech | 13419  | 681  | 213  |  | 14313  | 440044  | 454357  |
| Other loans | 49  |  |  |  | 49  | 111279  | 111328  |
| Unamortized loan fees and costs |  |  |  |  |  | 13337  | 13337  |
|  | $41757  | $4412  | $5830  | $27934  | $79933  | $6033695  | $6113628  |

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Loans are considered to be non-performing if they are on a non-accrual basis or they are past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest. A loan which is past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest remains on accrual status only when it is both adequately secured as to principal and interest and is in the process of collection.

Fintech loans generally do not accrue interest, so non-accrual presentation is not applicable for the majority of the population.

The following table summarizes our non-performing assets, with discussion of significant changes between periods to follow (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Non-accrual loans |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;SBL non-real estate  | $8639  | $2635  | $1842  | $1249  | $1313  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;SBL commercial mortgage | 21977  | 4885  | 2381  | 1423  | 812  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;SBL construction | 2660  | 1585  | 3385  | 3386  | 710  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Direct leasing | 12066  | 6026  | 3785  | 3550  | 254  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;IBLOC | 446  | 503  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Real estate bridge lending | 9755  | 12300  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other loans | 142  |  | 132  | 748  | 72  |
| Total non-accrual loans | 55685  | 27934  | 11525  | 10356  | 3161  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing | 18199  | 5830  | 1744  | 7775  | 461  |
| Total non-performing loans | 73884  | 33764  | 13269  | 18131  | 3622  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other real estate owned (OREO) | 60695  | 62025  | 16949  | 21210  | 18873  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual investment security |  | 3462  |  |  |  |
| Total non-performing assets | $134579  | $99251  | $30218  | $39341  | $22495  |

---

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Non-accrual loans increased $27.8 million, driven primarily by a $17.1 million increase in SBL commercial mortgage, $6.0 million increase in SBL non-real estate, and $6.0 million increase in Direct leasing, partially offset by a $2.5 million decrease in real estate bridge loan non-accrual.

Loans past due 90 days or more still accruing interest increased $12.4 million from 2024, primarily driven by a $14.5 million increase in real estate bridge loans, partially offset by a $3.1 million decrease in SBLOC/IBLOC.

Additional information is available about our portfolio performance in "Note 5—Loans, net" to the audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8, including details of our evaluation of the loan portfolio under an internal loan risk rating system, and details on loan modification activity*.* 

**Asset Quality Ratios** 

The following table summarizes select asset quality ratios for each of the periods indicated:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, | December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| **ACL to loans**  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total** | **0.93%** | **0.73%** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fintech | 2.84% | 2.84% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-fintech | 0.58% | 0.56% |
| **Net charge-offs to average loans (for the year)** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total** | 2.37% | 0.38% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fintech<sup>(1)</sup> | 24.90% | 21.22% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-fintech | 0.10% | 0.08% |
| **Non-performing loan ratios:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ACL to non-performing loans - Total | 89.6% | 132.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fintech | n/m | n/m |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-fintech | 48.8% | 95.2% |
| Non-performing loans to total loans<sup>(2)</sup> | 1.04% | 0.55% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fintech | 0.18% | 0.05% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-fintech | 1.19% | 0.59% |
| Non-performing assets to total assets<sup>(2)</sup> | 1.44% | 1.14% |
| <sup>(1)</sup>There was no significant Fintech loan activity prior to the fourth quarter of 2024. Therefore, the 2024 Fintech net charge-off ratio shown is fourth quarter charge-offs to fourth quarter average loans, not full year. | <sup>(1)</sup>There was no significant Fintech loan activity prior to the fourth quarter of 2024. Therefore, the 2024 Fintech net charge-off ratio shown is fourth quarter charge-offs to fourth quarter average loans, not full year. | <sup>(1)</sup>There was no significant Fintech loan activity prior to the fourth quarter of 2024. Therefore, the 2024 Fintech net charge-off ratio shown is fourth quarter charge-offs to fourth quarter average loans, not full year. |
| <sup>(2)</sup>Includes loans 90 days past due still accruing interest. | <sup>(2)</sup>Includes loans 90 days past due still accruing interest. | <sup>(2)</sup>Includes loans 90 days past due still accruing interest. |

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**Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") to total loans** increased to 0.93% at December 31, 2025 compared to 0.73% at December 31, 2024, driven primarily by the growth in fintech loans, which have a higher coverage ratio of 2.84%, compared to 0.58% on the remainder of our loan portfolio, as of December 31, 2025. Fintech loans grew to 15% of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2025, from 7% as of December 31, 2024.

**Net charge-offs to average loans** was 2.37% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 0.38% for 2024, driven primarily by the growth of fintech in our loan portfolio. Fintech loans are covered by credit enhancement agreements, through which a partner of the Fintech business covers incurred losses on such fintech loans. The measurement of the ACL for fintech loans and the related credit enhancement are based on the same estimate and are equal and correlate to like amounts in our income statement. See "*Total Loan Portfolio—Fintech Programs*" for further discussion of the credit enhancement.

Excluding fintech loans, net charge-offs to average loans was 0.10% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 0.08% for 2024.

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**Non-performing loan ratios** are also calculated showing fintech and non-fintech separately, as fintech has a relatively small contribution to the non-performing loan population due to the short-term nature of those receivables, the majority of are charged off before they reach 90 days past due. However, the fintech loan receivable portfolio growth does have an impact on the denominator of those ratios in total.

Non-performing loan ratios are each impacted by the $40.2 million increase in the non-performing loan population, to $74.0 million as of December 31, 2025, from $33.8 million at prior year end. The increase was driven by a $27.8 million increase in non-accrual loans, and a $12.4 million increase in loans past 90 days due and still accruing. See further discussion of the increase in our non-performing loan population directly above under "*Portfolio Performance*".

**ACL to non-performing loans—Total** decreased to 89.6% at December 31, 2025 from 132.8% at December 31, 2024, and for non-fintech, the ratios are 48.8% and 95.2% for the respective periods. The decline in these ratios is primarily as a result of the increase in non-performing loans which proportionately exceeded the increase in the ACL.

**Non-performing loans to total loans** increased to 1.04% at December 31, 2025, from 0.55% at December 31, 2024, and for non-fintech, the ratios are 1.19% and 0.59% for the respective periods.

**Non-performing assets to total assets** ratio increased to 1.44% at December 31, 2025 from 1.14% at December 31, 2024.

Non-performing loans are subject to specific review when preparing our allowance for credit losses estimate. We assess the collectability of the receivables, the nature of the non-performance status, the loan to collateral value, and other factors, when determining whether a specific reserve is required. The ACL as of December 31, 2025 did not increase proportional to the increase in this population based on our assessment of the collectability of that population.

**Allowance for Credit Losses** 

The following table presents an allocation of the allowance for credit losses among the types of loans or leases in our portfolio as of the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2023 |
|  |  | % Loan  |  | % Loan  |  | % Loan  |
|  |  | type to  |  | type to  |  | type to  |
|  | Allowance | total loans | Allowance | total loans | Allowance | total loans |
| SBL non-real estate  | $6337  | 3.31% | $4972  | 3.12% | $6059  | 2.57% |
| SBL commercial mortgage | 3118  | 10.55% | 3203  | 10.85% | 2820  | 11.34% |
| SBL construction  | 235  | 0.32% | 342  | 0.57% | 285  | 0.42% |
| Direct lease financing | 15675  | 9.65% | 13125  | 11.48% | 10454  | 12.81% |
| SBLOC / IBLOC | 1041  | 23.52% | 1195  | 25.64% | 813  | 30.40% |
| Advisor financing | 2207  | 4.14% | 2054  | 4.49% | 1662  | 4.14% |
| Real estate bridge lending | 5949  | 30.83% | 6603  | 34.57% | 4740  | 37.36% |
| Fintech | 31137  | 15.46% | 12909  | 7.46% |  | 0.01% |
| Other loans  | 501  | 2.22% | 450  | 1.82% | 545  | 0.95% |
|  | $66200  | 100.00% | $44853  | 100.00% | $27378  | 100.00% |
|  | December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2021 |  |  |
|  |  | % Loan  |  | % Loan  |  |  |
|  |  | type to  |  | type to  |  |  |
|  | Allowance | total loans | Allowance | total loans |  |  |
| SBL non-real estate  | $5028  | 1.99% | $5415  | 3.95% |  |  |
| SBL commercial mortgage | 2585  | 8.66% | 2952  | 9.66% |  |  |
| SBL construction  | 565  | 0.56% | 432  | 0.73% |  |  |
| Direct lease financing | 7972  | 11.53% | 5817  | 14.20% |  |  |
| SBLOC / IBLOC | 1167  | 42.55% | 964  | 51.60% |  |  |
| Advisor financing | 1293  | 3.15% | 868  | 3.10% |  |  |
| Real estate bridge lending | 3121  | 30.44% | 1181  | 16.63% |  |  |
| Fintech |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other loans  | 643  | 1.12% | 177  | 0.13% |  |  |
|  | $22374  | 100.00% | $17806  | 100.00% |  |  |

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At December 31, 2025, the ACL amounted to $66.2 million, of which $31.1 million relates to fintech loans and $6.2 million relates to reserves on specific loans. The allowance increased $21.3 million compared to prior year end, primarily reflecting a $18.2 million increase in reserves on fintech loans, to $31.1 million at December 31, 2025 from $12.9 million as of December 31, 2024. The increase

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in the allowance related to fintech loans correlates to the recorded credit enhancement asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See further discussion with *"Total Loan Portfolio—Fintech Programs"* in this MD&A.

Management updates its estimate of credit loss for its' loans recorded at amortized cost on a quarterly basis utilizing the current expected credit loss (CECL) requirements. A vintage analysis is used to determine the allowance for the SBL, leasing and REBL portfolios, the probability of default/loss given default method is used for the SBLOC, IBLOC and Fintech loan portfolios and discounted cash flow for the other loan portfolio. The estimate of credit loss is separately assessed for loans that have specific credit-deteriorated characteristics, and the loss estimate includes consideration of qualitative factors such as current loan performance statistics by pool, and economic conditions. These qualitative factors are intended to account for forward looking expectations over a twelve-to-eighteen-month period not reflected in historical loss rates and otherwise unaccounted for in the quantitative process.

A significant portion of our loan portfolio is backed by collateral. When loans are credit deteriorated and separately assessed, expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the difference between the loan principal and the estimated fair value of the collateral, adjusted for estimated disposition costs.

Specific to the REBL portfolio, the Company has experienced limited multifamily (apartment building) loan charge-offs. Accordingly, the ACL for this pool was derived from a qualitative factor based on industry loss information for multifamily housing. Economic factors that were considered specific to the REBL portfolio include that Federal Reserve rate increases directly increase real estate bridge loan floating-rate borrowing costs, those borrowers are required to purchase interest rate caps that will partially limit the increase in borrowing costs during the term of the loan. Additionally, there continues to be several additional mitigating factors within the multifamily sector that should continue to fuel demand. Higher mortgage interest rates are increasing the cost to purchase a home, which in turn is increasing the number of renters and subsequent demand for multifamily. The softening demand for new homes should continue to exacerbate the current housing shortage, and therefore continue to fuel demand for multifamily apartment homes. Additionally, higher rents in the multifamily sector are causing renters to be more price sensitive, which is driving demand for most of the apartment buildings within our loan portfolio which management considers "workforce" housing. We added qualitative adjustments to the REBL ACL analysis specific to these factors.

Although we consider our ACL to be adequate based on information currently available, future additions to the ACL may be necessary due to changes in economic conditions, our ongoing loss experience and that of our peers, changes in management's assumptions as to future delinquencies, recoveries and losses, deterioration of specific credits and management's intent with regard to the disposition of loans and leases. See further discussion of the Allowance methodology in "*Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies*" and "*Note 5—Loans*" to the audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

 *‎* 

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*Net Charge-offs*

The following tables present net charge-offs by loan category, and the relationship to average loans (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 |
|  | SBL non-real estate | SBL commercial mortgage | SBL construction | Direct lease financing  | SBLOC / IBLOC | Advisor financing | Real estate bridge lending | Fintech | Other loans | Total |
| Charge-offs | $785  | $— | $221  | $4750  | $— | $— | $— | $195644  | $1008  | $202408  |
| Recoveries | (85) |  | (4) | (793) |  |  |  | (44578) | (20) | (45480) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs | $700  | $— | $217  | $3957  | $— | $— | $— | $151066  | $988  | $156928  |
| Average loan balance | $214321  | $707493  | $28534  | $692987  | $1617002  | $284066  | $2148997  | $776178  | $131023  | 6600601  |
| Ratio of net charge-offs during the period to average loans during the period | 0.33% |  | 0.76% | 0.57% |  |  |  | 19.46% | 0.75% | 2.38% |

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| | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | SBL non-real estate | SBL commercial mortgage | SBL construction | Direct lease financing  | SBLOC / IBLOC | Advisor financing | Real estate bridge lending | Fintech | Other loans | Total |
| Charge-offs | $708  | $— | $— | $4575  | $— | $— | $— | $19619  | $18  | $24920  |
| Recoveries | (229) |  |  | (318) |  |  |  | (1877) | (1) | (2425) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs | $479  | $— | $— | $4257  | $— | $— | $— | $17742  | $17  | $22495  |
| Average loan balance | $170772  | $653380  | $30754  | $706576  | $1553910  | $248339  | $2130005  | $268176  | $65167  | 5827079  |
| Ratio of net charge-offs during the period to average loans during the period | 0.28% |  |  | 0.60% |  |  |  | 6.62% | 0.03% | 0.39% |

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Net charge-offs were $156.9 million in 2025, an increase of $134.4 million from net charge-offs of $22.5 million in 2024. In 2025, the Company, based on contractual agreements, recorded $151.1 million of net charge-offs related to fintech loans, and correlated amounts in the provision for credit losses and in non-interest income with no impact to net income. Excluding Fintech, net charge-offs were $5.9 million in 2025, compared to $4.8 million in 2024.

We review charge-offs at least quarterly in loan surveillance meetings which include the chief credit officer, the loan review department and other senior credit officers in a process which includes identifying any trends or other factors impacting portfolio management. In recent periods charge-offs have been primarily comprised of the non-guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans and leases. The charge-offs have resulted from individual borrower or business circumstances as opposed to overall trends or other factors.

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The following table summarizes the Company's non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more, by year of origination, at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

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| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| As of December 31, 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | Prior | Revolving loans at amortized cost | Total |
| SBL non-real estate  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due | $— | $— | $— | $— | $— | $— | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  | 405  | 3109  | 2705  | 1360  | 1060  |  | 8639  |
| Total SBL non-real estate |  | 405 | 3109  | 2705  | 1360  | 1060  |  | 8639  |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  | 706  | 5318  | 7596  | 6049  | 2308  |  | 21977  |
| Total SBL commercial mortgage |  | 706  | 5318  | 7596  | 6049  | 2308  |  | 21977  |
| SBL construction  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  |  |  | 1950  | 710  |  | 2660  |
| Total SBL construction |  |  |  |  | 1950  | 710  |  | 2660  |
| Direct lease financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due | 120  |  | 92  | 98  |  | 1147  |  | 1457  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  | 1696  | 6302  | 3254  | 787  | 27  |  | 12066  |
| Total direct lease financing | 120  | 1696  | 6394  | 3352  | 787  | 1174  |  | 13523  |
| IBLOC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due |  |  |  |  |  |  | 251  | 251  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  |  |  |  |  | 446  | 446  |
| Total IBLOC |  |  |  |  |  |  | 697  | 697  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due |  |  |  |  | 14459  |  |  | 14459  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  |  |  | 9755  |  |  | 9755  |
| Total real estate bridge lending |  |  |  |  | 24214  |  |  | 24214  |
| Fintech loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due | 2030  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2030  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total fintech loans | 2030  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2030  |
| Other loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due |  |  |  |  |  | 2  |  | 2  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  |  |  |  | 142  |  | 142  |
| Total other loans |  |  |  |  |  | 144  |  | 144  |
| Total 90+ Days past due | $2150  | $— | $92  | $98  | $14459  | $1149  | $251  | $18199  |
| Total Non-accrual | $— | $2807  | $14729  | $13555  | $19901  | $4247  | $446  | $55685  |

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| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| As of December 31, 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Prior | Revolving loans at amortized cost | Total |
| SBL non-real estate  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due | $— | $— | $— | $614  | $41  | $216  | $— | $871  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  | 1197  | 620  | 219  | 599  |  | 2635  |
| Total SBL non-real estate |  |  | 1197  | 1234  | 260  | 815  |  | 3506  |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due |  |  |  |  |  | 336  |  | 336  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  | 1380  | 1687  | 163  | 1655  |  | 4885  |
| Total SBL commercial mortgage |  |  | 1380  | 1687  | 163  | 1991  |  | 5221  |
| SBL construction  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  |  | 875  |  | 710  |  | 1585  |
| Total SBL construction |  |  |  | 875  |  | 710  |  | 1585  |
| Direct lease financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due | 145  | 547  | 285  | 69  | 20  | 22  |  | 1088  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual | 2546  | 546  | 1710  | 1165  | 37  | 22  |  | 6026  |
| Total direct lease financing | 2691  | 1093  | 1995  | 1234  | 57  | 44  |  | 7114  |
| IBLOC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due |  |  | 3322  |  |  |  |  | 3322  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  | 503  |  |  |  |  | 503  |
| Total IBLOC |  |  | 3825  |  |  |  |  | 3825  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  |  | 12300  |  |  |  | 12300  |
| Total real estate bridge lending |  |  |  | 12300  |  |  |  | 12300  |
| Fintech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;90+ Days past due |  |  |  |  |  |  | 213  | 213  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total fintech  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 213  | 213  |
| Total 90+ Days past due | $145  | $547  | $3607  | $683  | $61  | $574  | $213  | $5830  |
| Total Non-accrual | $2546  | $546  | $4790  | $16647  | $419  | $2986  | $— | $27934  |

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**Deposits**

Our primary source of funding is deposit acquisition. At December 31, 2025, we had total deposits of $8.17 billion compared to $7.75 billion at December 31, 2024, which reflected an increase of $419.5 million, or 5%. Due to the nature of our deposit products, daily deposit balances are subject to variability, and deposits averaged $7.60 billion in the fourth quarter of 2025. As of December 31, 2025, 94% of the deposits are insured, 3% are low balance accounts (such as anonymous gift cards and corporate incentive cards for which there is no identified depositor) and 3% are other uninsured deposits.

*Demand and interest checking* is $7.83 billion of total deposits as of December 31, 2025, and primarily consists of balances from prepaid, debit and other payment card accounts that the Bank issues to fund payments for salary, medical spending, commercial, general purpose reloadable, corporate and other incentive, gift, government payments and transaction accounts. These accounts have an established history of stability and lower cost than certain other types of funding. Deposits also include payment processing balances, funds received as collateral supporting the secured credit card program of our Fintech segment, and small population of traditional deposits.

*Savings and money market* is $338.5 million of total deposits as of December 31, 2025. In addition, we sweep deposits off our balance sheet to other institutions as part of our funding strategies, which totaled $400.0 million as of December 31, 2025. Such sweeps are utilized to optimize diversity within our funding structure by managing the percentage of individual client deposits to total deposits.

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We do not have a traditional branch system. Our deposit accounts are comprised primarily of millions of small transaction-based consumer balances which are obtained through and with the assistance of our partners. We have long-term contractual relationships with the partners of our Fintech business which sponsor such accounts as discussed further in Item 1. "*Business—Our Strategies*". Of our deposits at year-end 2025, the top three partner relationships accounted for approximately $3.83 billion, the next three largest $1.35 billion, and the four subsequent largest $811.7 million. The top ten partner relationships at year end 2025 consisted of $3.20 billion related to payroll, debit, and government-based accounts such as child support, and $2.80 billion related to consumer and business payment companies, including companies sponsoring incentive and gift card payments.

The following table presents the average balance and rates paid on deposits for the years indicated (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Average | Average | Average | Average |
|  | balance | rate | balance | rate |
| Demand and interest checking | $7796951  | 2.04% | $6875368  | 2.35% |
| Savings and money market  | 97577  | 3.99% | 71962  | 3.52% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total deposits | $7894528  | 2.06% | $6947330  | 2.37% |

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Of the demand and interest checking balance shown above, $134.2 million and $146.8 million for 2025 and 2024, respectively, represented balances on which we paid interest. The remaining balance for each period reflects amounts subject to fees paid to third-parties, which are based upon a contractual percentage applied to a rate index, generally the effective federal funds rate, and therefore classified as interest expense.

**Short-Term Borrowings**

Short-term borrowings consist of amounts borrowed on our lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank or FHLB. There were $199.0 million of borrowings with FHLB at December 31, 2025. There were no borrowings on either line at December 31, 2024. We generally utilize overnight borrowings to manage our daily reserve requirements at the Federal Reserve.

The following table summarizes short-term borrowings:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of or for the year ended December 31, | As of or for the year ended December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Short-term borrowings |  |  |
| Balance at year-end | $199000  | $— |
| Average during the year | 58060  | 44220  |
| Maximum month-end balance | 450000  | 455000  |
| Weighted average rate during the year | 4.30% | 5.58% |
| Rate at year end | 3.95% |  |

---

**Senior Debt**

On August 18, 2025, we issued $200.0 million of 7.375% 2030 Senior Notes, with a maturity date of September 1, 2030. The 2030 Senior Notes are the Company's direct, unsecured and unsubordinated obligations and rank equal in priority with all our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness and senior in right of payment to all our existing and future subordinated indebtedness. In August 2025, the proceeds of this issuance were used to repay at maturity the outstanding principal of the 4.75% Senior Notes due 2025. The remainder of the net proceeds were used to fund the Company's share repurchase program and for general corporate purposes.

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#### **Liquidity and Capital Resources** 
Liquidity defines our ability to generate funds at a reasonable cost to support asset growth, meet deposit withdrawals, satisfy borrowing needs and otherwise operate on an ongoing basis. Maintaining an adequate level of liquidity depends on our ability to efficiently meet both expected and unexpected cash flows without adversely affecting daily operations or financial condition. Our liquidity management policy requirements include sustaining defined liquidity minimums, concentration monitoring and management, stress testing, contingency planning and related oversight. Based on our sources of funding and liquidity discussed below, we believe we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available for our needs in the next 12 months and for the longer-term beyond 12 months. The adequacy of liquidity is supported by (a) the historical stability and growth of our long-term fintech relationships; (b) access to contingent funding; and (c) the short duration and highly liquid nature of a significant amount of our assets.

Our primary source of funding has been deposits, sourced from our Fintech Solutions business. We have multi-year, contractual relationships with partners which sponsor such accounts. Average total deposits in 2025 increased by $947.2 million, or 14%, to $7.89 billion compared to $6.95 billion in 2024. In addition, we had $400 million in off-balance sheet deposits as of December 31, 2025. Deposits are swept off-balance sheet to optimize diversity within our funding structure by managing the percentage of individual client deposits to total deposits. Overnight borrowings are also periodically utilized as a funding source to facilitate cash management. Certain components of our deposits experience seasonality, creating excess liquidity at certain times. The largest deposit inflows have generally occurred in the first quarter of the year when certain of our accounts are credited with tax refund payments from the U.S. Treasury.

We have pledged assets for borrowing lines at the FHLB and FRB, that consist of loans totaling $4.68 billion and investment securities of $257.3 million at December 31, 2025. Based on the collateral pledged at December 31, 2025, we have borrowed $199 million and have the ability and capacity to borrow an additional $3.19 billion. Average short-term borrowings under these lines for the fourth quarter of 2025 was $184.8 million. We have $1.14 billion of investment securities that could be pledged for some amount of additional borrowing capacity.

We invest the funds we do not need for daily operations primarily in our interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve. Interest-bearing overnight balances at the FRB averaged $225.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2025, compared to the fourth quarter 2024 average of $527.8 million.

Our primary contractual obligations relate to debt, operating leases, and loan commitments.

At December 31, 2025, our long-term debt includes $200.0 million of senior debt due September 1, 2030 and $13.4 million of subordinate debentures due in 2038. In addition, we have short-term borrowings of $199.0 million from FHLB and FRB, and $13.7 million of other long-term secured borrowings that are being repaid based on the timing of the underling loan cashflows. We are also contractually obligated to make interest payments on our debt through their respective maturities. For additional information regarding our debt, see Note 8, "*Debt*", to the audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

At December 31, 2025, we have an obligation for $31.1 million of total future contractual payments for operating leases that have weighted-average remaining lease terms of 10.5 years. In addition, we have outstanding commitments to fund loans, including unused lines of credit, of $2.20 billion as of December 31, 2025. The majority of our commitments are variable rate and relate to our SBLOC receivables, and the amount of such commitment relates to the maximum amount of the lines of credit based on the full amount of collateral in a customer's investment account and is not expected usage. The funding requirements for such commitments occur on a measured basis over time and would be funded by normal deposit growth. Additionally, these loans are "demand" loans and as such, represent a contingent source of funding. See Note 14, "*Commitments and Contingencies*" to the audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for further information on our commitments related to operating leases and loan funding.

**Capital Resources and Requirements**

We must comply with capital adequacy guidelines issued by our regulators. A bank must, in general, have a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5.0%, a ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 8.0%, a ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of 10.0% and a ratio of common equity to risk-weighted assets of 6.50% to be considered "well capitalized." The Tier 1 leverage ratio is the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets for the most recent quarter. Tier 1 capital includes common shareholders' equity, certain qualifying perpetual preferred stock and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less intangibles. At December 31, 2025, both the Company and the Bank were "well capitalized" under banking regulations.

------

The following table sets forth our regulatory capital amounts and ratios for the periods indicated:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Tier 1 capital | Tier 1 capital  | Total capital  | Common equity |
|  | to average  | to risk-weighted  | to risk-weighted  | tier 1 to risk- |
|  | assets ratio | assets ratio | assets ratio | weighted assets |
| <u>As of December 31, 2025</u> |  |  |  |  |
| The Bancorp, Inc. | 7.64% | 11.08% | 12.19% | 11.08% |
| The Bancorp Bank, National Association | 9.70% | 14.03% | 15.13% | 14.03% |
| "Well capitalized" institution (under federal regulations-Basel III) | 5.00% | 8.00% | 10.00% | 6.50% |
| <u>As of December 31, 2024</u> |  |  |  |  |
| The Bancorp, Inc. | 9.41% | 13.85% | 14.65% | 13.85% |
| The Bancorp Bank, National Association | 10.38% | 15.25% | 16.06% | 15.25% |
| "Well capitalized" institution (under federal regulations-Basel III) | 5.00% | 8.00% | 10.00% | 6.50% |

---

#### **Asset and Liability Management** 
As a financial institution, potential interest rate volatility is a primary component of our market risk. Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact the level of our earnings and the market value of our interest-earning assets, other than those with short-term maturities. We do not own any trading assets, nor do we engage in hedging transactions.

The Federal Reserve has been actively managing changes to the overnight federal funds rate in recent years based on changing economic outlooks for inflation, labor and other indicators. After a period of rate increases through the end of 2023, in the third quarter of 2024 the Federal Reserve began lowering rates and continued lowering rates in the third and fourth quarter of 2025. Only a portion of our deposit accounts are impacted by Federal Reserve rate actions. The majority of our deposit accounts are prepaid and debit card deposit accounts, where our cost is based on a contractual fee structure which adjusts only to a portion of increases or decreases in rates; however, the impact is immediate. Interest-earning assets, comprised primarily of loans and securities, tend to adjust more fully to rate changes, but with a timing lag due to contractual pricing intervals. The majority of our loans and securities are variable rate and generally reprice monthly or quarterly, although some reprice over several years. While it is difficult to predict the impact of inflation and responsive Federal Reserve rate changes on our net interest income, based on the factors previously outlined, our net interest income tends to decrease during periods of declines in rates.

We have adopted policies designed to manage net interest income and preserve capital over a broad range of interest rate movements. To effectively administer the policies and to monitor our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, we maintain an asset/liability committee which meets quarterly to review our results, develop strategies to optimize margins and to respond to market conditions. The primary goal of our policies is to optimize margins and manage interest rate risk, subject to overall policy constraints for prudent management of interest rate risk and liquidity.

We monitor, manage and control interest rate risk through a variety of techniques, including the use of traditional interest rate sensitivity analysis (also known as "gap analysis") and an interest rate risk management model.

**Gap analysis**

The following table sets forth the estimated maturity or repricing structure of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities at December 31, 2025. The amounts of assets or liabilities shown which reprice or mature during a particular period were determined in accordance with the contractual terms of each asset or liability, except as noted:

The majority of transaction and savings balances are assumed to be "core" deposits, or deposits that will generally remain with us regardless of market interest rates.

We estimate the repricing characteristics of these deposits based on historical performance, past experience, judgmental predictions and other deposit behavior assumptions. However, we may choose not to reprice liabilities proportionally to changes in market interest rates for competitive or other reasons. Additionally, although non-interest-bearing transaction accounts are not paid interest, we estimate certain of the balances will reprice as a result of the contractual fees that are paid to our partners which are based upon a rate index, and therefore are included in interest expense.

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We have adjusted the transaction account balances in the table downward, to better reflect the impact of their partial adjustment to changes in rates. Loans and security balances, which adjust more fully to market rate changes, are based upon actual balances.

The table does not assume any prepayment of fixed-rate loans, mortgage and asset backed securities are scheduled based on their anticipated cash flow, including prepayments based on historical data and current market trends.

The table does not necessarily indicate the impact of general interest rate movements on our net interest income because the repricing and related behavior of certain categories of assets and liabilities (for example, prepayments of loans and withdrawal of deposits) is beyond our control. As a result, certain assets and liabilities indicated as repricing within a stated period may in fact reprice at different times and at different rate levels.

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1-90 | 91-364 | 1-3 | 3-5 | Over 5 |
|  | Days | Days | Years | Years | Years |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial loans, at fair value | $75137  | $5473  | $56688  | $2091  | $— |
| Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs | 3816031  | 758953  | 1490994  | 850644  | 200054  |
| Investment securities | 253411  | 66046  | 97035  | 356310  | 898948  |
| Interest-earning deposits | 104611  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total interest-earning assets | 4249190  | 830472  | 1644717  | 1209045  | 1099002  |
| Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Transaction accounts as adjusted<sup>(1)</sup> | 3913519  |  |  |  |  |
| Savings and money market | 338459  |  |  |  |  |
| Short-term borrowings | 199000  |  |  |  |  |
| Senior debt and subordinated debentures | 13401  |  |  | 196253  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total interest-bearing liabilities | 4464379  |  |  | 196253  |  |
| Gap | $(215189) | $830472  | $1644717  | $1012792  | $1099002  |
| Cumulative gap | $(215189) | $615283  | $2260000  | $3272792  | $4371794  |
| Gap to assets ratio | (2)% | 9% | 18% | 11% | 12% |
| Cumulative gap to assets ratio | (2)% | 7% | 25% | 36% | 48% |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Transaction accounts are comprised primarily of demand deposits. While demand deposits are non-interest-bearing, related fees paid to our partners may reprice according to specified indices.

The methods used to analyze interest rate sensitivity in this table have a number of limitations. Certain assets and liabilities may react differently to changes in interest rates even though they reprice or mature in the same or similar time periods. The interest rates on certain assets and liabilities may change at different times than market interest rates, with some changing in advance of changes in market rates and some lagging behind changes in market rates. Additionally, the actual prepayments and withdrawals we experience when interest rates change may deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the data shown in the table. Accordingly, actual results can and often do differ from projections.

**Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis**

With the interest rate risk management model, we project a baseline future net interest income assuming no basis rate change, and then estimate the effect of various changes in interest rates relative to the baseline. We also use the interest rate risk management model to calculate the change in net portfolio value over a range of interest rate change scenarios. Interest rate sensitivity modeling requires, among other things, estimates of how much and when yields and costs on individual categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities will respond to general changes in market rates, future cash flows and discount rates.

Because of the limitations in the gap analysis discussed above, we believe that interest sensitivity modeling may more accurately reflect the effects of our exposure to changes in interest rates, notwithstanding its own limitations.

Net interest income simulation considers the relative sensitivities of the balance sheet including the effects of the aforementioned interest rate floors, interest rate caps on adjustable rate mortgages and the relatively stable aspects of core deposits. As such, net interest income simulation is designed to address the potential impact of interest rate changes and the behavioral response of the balance sheet to those changes. Market Value of Portfolio Equity ("MVPE") represents the modeled fair value of the net present portfolio value of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items and is reflected in the Net portfolio value column in the table below.

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The following table shows the effects of interest rate shocks on our net portfolio value described as MVPE and net interest income. Rate shocks assume that current interest rates change immediately and sustain parallel shifts. For interest rate increases or decreases of 100 and 200 basis points, our policy includes a guideline that our MVPE ratio should not decrease more than 10% and 15%, respectively, and that net interest income should not decrease more than 10% and 15%, respectively.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Net portfolio value at  | Net portfolio value at  | Net interest income | Net interest income |
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
|  |  | Percentage  |  | Percentage  |
| Rate scenario  | Amount  | change | Amount  | change |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| +200 basis points  | $1615416  | 1.15% | $380263  | (1.75%) |
| +100 basis points  | 1606498  | 0.59% | 383551  | (0.90%) |
| Flat rate  | 1597033  |  | 387034  |  |
| -100 basis points  | 1570864  | (1.64%) | 389812  | 0.72% |
| -200 basis points | 1526820  | (4.40%) | 392562  | 1.43% |

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We believe that the assumptions utilized in evaluating our estimated net interest income are reasonable; however, the interest rate sensitivity of our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet financial instruments, as well as the estimated effect of changes in interest rates on estimated net interest income, could vary substantially if different assumptions are used or actual experience differs from presumed behavior of various deposit and loan categories.

We were in compliance with our asset/liability policy guidelines at December 31, 2025. If we should experience a mismatch in our desired gap ranges, or an excessive decline in our MVPE subsequent to an immediate and sustained change in interest rate, we have a number of options available to remedy such a mismatch, including making purchases or sales of investment securities, shifting our loan portfolio composition to match maturity or repricing timing, or emphasizing deposits or obtaining borrowings with desired maturities.

We continue to evaluate market conditions and may change our current interest rate strategy in response to changes in conditions.

#### **Critical Accounting Estimates** 
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We believe that the determination of our allowance for credit losses on loans requires estimates made in accordance with GAAP that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

*Allowance for credit losses on loans*

We determine our allowance for credit losses with the objective of maintaining sufficient coverage to absorb our estimated current and future expected credit losses over the entire life of each loan. We developed a systematic methodology and made certain key decisions that underlie our methodology, including how to aggregate our portfolio into pools for analysis based on similar risk characteristics, the selection of the appropriate historical loss data to reference in the model, and our approach to subjecting loans to specific analysis.

We adjust our estimate based on relevant qualitative and quantitative factors to better reflect the risk characteristics of the current portfolio and the expected future loss experience over the life of these contracts. This assessment incorporates all available information relevant to considering the collectability of our current portfolio, including considering economic and business conditions, default trends, changes in portfolio composition, changes in lending policies and practices, among other internal and external factors. Further, each measurement period we determine whether to separate any loans from their current pool for individual analysis based on their unique risk characteristics. Our approach to estimating qualitative adjustments takes into consideration all significant current information we believe appropriate to reflect the changes and risks in the portfolio or environment and involves significant judgment. As of December 31, 2025, our coverage, or allowance to loan balance, for the total portfolio is 0.93%, and of that total, fintech coverage is 2.84% and non-fintech is 0.58%.

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However, this evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates, including, among others, probability of default, the amount of loss we may incur upon default, the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows, including recoveries after charge-off, estimated loan lives, collateral values and expected commitment usage.

Our estimates of expected net credit losses are inherently uncertain, and as a result we cannot predict with certainty the amount of such losses. We may recognize credit losses in excess of our reserve, or a significant increase to our credit loss estimate, in the future, driven by the update of assumptions and information underlying our estimate and/or driven by the actual amount of realized losses. Our estimate of credit losses is revised each period to reflect current information, including current events, economic conditions, changes in the risk characteristics and composition of the portfolio, and emerging trends in our portfolio, among other factors, and these updates for current information could drive a significant adjustment to our reserve. Further, actual credit losses may exceed our estimated reserve, and such excess may be significant, if the actual performance of our portfolio differs significantly from the current assumptions and judgements, including those underlying our forecast and qualitative adjustments, as of any given measurement date.

See additional information within Item 7. "*MD&A—Financial Condition—Allowance for Credit Losses*" and "*Note 5—Loans, net*" to the audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8.

## **Item 7A.** **QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.** 
Information with respect to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk is included within Item 7, *"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Asset and Liability Management"* of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

‎

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**ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEM** **ENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.** 

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| |
|:---|
| **THE BANCORP, INC.** |
| **INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS** |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [<u>Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number</u>](#AuditOpinion)<u>173</u><u>)</u> | 69 |
| [<u>Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number</u>](#GTopinion)<u>248</u><u>)</u> | 71 |
| [<u>Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024</u>](#BalanceSheet) | 72 |
| [<u>Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 2025, 2024, and 2023</u>](#IncomeStmt) | 73 |
| [<u>Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 2025, 2024, and 2023</u>](#OCI) | 74 |
| [<u>Consolidated Statements of Changes In Shareholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 2025, 2024, and 2023</u>](#Equity) | 75 |
| [<u>Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 2025, 2024, and 2023</u>](#CashFlow) | 76 |
| [<u>Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements</u>](#Notes) | 77 |

---

‎

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**REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

Shareholders and the Board of Directors of The Bancorp, Inc.

Wilmington, Delaware

**Opinion on the Financial Statements**

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated February 25, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion.

***Basis for Opinion***

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

**Critical Audit Matter**

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

*Allowance for Credit Losses ("ACL") on Loans – Qualitative Factors* 

As described in Note 2 and Note 5 to the financial statements, the Company estimates the allowance for credit losses using a vintage analysis for some loan segments, and a probability of default/loss given default method for other loan segments. For the vintage analysis, the loans are segregated by product type to recognize differing risk characteristics within portfolio segments, and an average historical loss rate is calculated for each product type. The average loss rate is then projected over the estimated remaining loan lives unique to each loan pool, to determine estimated lifetime losses. For the probability of default/loss given default, the Company calculates the likelihood a borrower will default, and then the expected loss after the default occurs. The discounted cash flow method estimates expected credit losses by projecting the cash flows of a financial asset over its lifetime, discounting those cash flows back to their present value, and comparing the result to the asset's amortized cost basis. Loans are segregated by product type to recognize differing risk characteristics within portfolio segments. Internal loss data is used for some loan categories and third-party data is used for other loan categories due to a lack of the Company's own historical loss experience. As part of the estimate of expected credit losses, the Company

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considers relevant qualitative factors to assess whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted to better reflect the risk characteristics of the current portfolio and the expected future loss experience for the life of the loans. This assessment incorporates available information relevant to considering the collectability of the portfolio, including considering economic and business conditions, default trends, changes in portfolio composition, changes in lending policies and practices, among other internal and external factors. As of December 31, 2025, the Company's allowance for credit losses was $66.2 million.

We identified auditing the qualitative factors used in estimating the allowance for credit losses as a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for our determination that qualitative factors is a critical audit matter is due to the high degree of auditor judgment and subjectivity required to evaluate the reasonableness of management's significant judgments in the selection and application of qualitative factors.

To address this matter, the primary procedures we performed included:

Testing the design and operating effectiveness of the Company's controls related to qualitative factors, including the controls related to the following:

oManagement's verification that qualitative factor adjustments are appropriately applied in the allowance for credit losses calculation;

oManagement's judgments involved in evaluating the appropriateness of qualitative factor framework and the determination of qualitative factor adjustments; and

oManagement's evaluation over relevance and reliability of data used in the determination of qualitative factor adjustments.

Our substantive procedures related to qualitative factors, which included the following:

oEvaluated the qualitative factor adjustments were appropriately applied in the allowance for credit losses calculation;

oEvaluated the appropriateness of qualitative factor framework and reasonableness of management's judgments related to the determination of qualitative factors adjustments applied in the allowance for credit losses; and

oEvaluated the relevance and reliability of the data used in the determination of qualitative factor adjustments.

/s/ Crowe LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2024.

Fort Lauderdale, Florida

February 25, 2026

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**REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

Board of Directors and Shareholders

‎The Bancorp, Inc.

**Opinion on the financial statements** 

We have audited the consolidated balance sheet of The Bancorp, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2023 (not presented herein), and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

**Basis for opinion** 

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We served as the Company's auditor from 2000 to 2024.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

‎February 29, 2024 (except for Note 18, as to which the date is April 7, 2025)

 **‎**

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**THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES**

### **CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS** 

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31,**  | **December 31,**  |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) |
| **ASSETS:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and due from banks | $8038  | $6064  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest-earning deposits | 104611  | 564059  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total cash and cash equivalents | 112649  | 570123  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investment securities, available-for-sale, at fair value | 1671750  | 1502860  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial loans, at fair value  | 139389  | 223115  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs | 7116676  | 6113628  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Allowance for credit losses | (66200) | (44853) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loans, net | 7050476  | 6068775  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock in Federal Reserve, Federal Home Loan and Atlantic Central Bankers Banks | 25205  | 15642  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Premises and equipment, net | 29834  | 27566  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued interest receivable | 43090  | 41713  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other real estate owned | 60695  | 62025  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred tax asset, net | 18679  | 18874  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Credit enhancement asset | 31138  | 12909  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other assets | 169520  | 183941  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total assets** | $**9352425**  | $**8727543**  |
| **LIABILITIES:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposits: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Demand and interest checking | $7827037  | $7434212  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Savings and money market | 338459  | 311834  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total deposits | 8165496  | 7746046  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term borrowings | 199000  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Senior debt | 196253  | 96214  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subordinated debentures | 13401  | 13401  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other long-term borrowings | 13712  | 14081  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other liabilities | 74767  | 68018  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total liabilities** | **8662629**  | **7937760**  |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |  |  |
| **SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock - authorized, 75,000,000 shares of $1.00 par value; 48,404,006 and 42,355,361 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at December 31, 2025 and <br>‎47,713,481 and 47,310,750 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, at December 31, 2024 | 48404  | 47713  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in capital | 24207  | 3233  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Retained earnings  | 1007368  | 779155  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 10839  | (17637) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Treasury stock at cost, 6,048,645 shares at December 31, 2025 and 402,731 shares at December 31, 2024 | (401022) | (22681) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Total shareholders' equity** | **689796**  | **789783**  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Total liabilities and shareholders' equity** | $**9352425**  | $**8727543**  |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.* 

‎

------

**THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** 

### **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the year ended December 31,**  | **For the year ended December 31,**  | **For the year ended December 31,**  |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
|  | (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) |
| Interest income: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Loans, including fees | $448030  | $458817  | $436649  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investment securities:  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taxable interest  | 76021  | 66262  | 39078  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tax-exempt interest  | 387  | 187  | 153  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest-earning deposits  | 26931  | 26326  | 33627  |
|  | 551369  | 551592  | 509507  |
| Interest expense: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Deposits | 162751  | 164372  | 148529  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term borrowings | 2498  | 2469  | 271  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term borrowings | 784  | 2420  | 507  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Senior debt | 8805  | 4935  | 5027  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Subordinated debentures | 1020  | 1155  | 1121  |
|  | 175858  | 175351  | 155455  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net interest income | 375511  | 376241  | 354052  |
| Provision for credit losses on non-fintech loans | 8981  | 9319  | 8465  |
| Provision for credit losses on fintech loans | 169294  | 30651  |  |
| Provision reversal for unfunded commitments | (582) | (596) | (135) |
| Provision (reversal) for credit loss on security |  | (1000) | 10000  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Provision for credit losses, total | 177693  | 38374  | 18330  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net interest income after provision (reversal) for credit losses | 197818  | 337867  | 335722  |
| Non-interest income |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fintech fees |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ACH, card and other payment processing fees | 21021  | 14596  | 9822  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid, debit card and related fees | 103546  | 97413  | 89417  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Consumer credit fintech fees | 16580  | 4789  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total fintech fees | 141147  | 116798  | 99239  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value | 1815  | 2732  | 3745  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Leasing related income | 7135  | 3921  | 6324  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fintech loan credit enhancement | 169294  | 30651  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 8942  | 3412  | 2786  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total non-interest income | 328333  | 157514  | 112094  |
| Non-interest expense |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Salaries and employee benefits | 142554  | 131597  | 121055  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation  | 4650  | 4155  | 3074  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Rent and related occupancy cost  | 6466  | 6746  | 5980  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Data processing expense | 4964  | 5666  | 5447  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Audit expense | 2477  | 1484  | 1620  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Legal expense  | 6690  | 3081  | 3850  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Legal settlements | 2000  | 284  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;FDIC Insurance  | 4543  | 3579  | 2957  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Software | 20541  | 17913  | 17349  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Insurance | 4780  | 5195  | 5139  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Telecom and IT network communications | 1222  | 1227  | 1316  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Consulting | 1663  | 1852  | 1938  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other  | 20564  | 20446  | 21317  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total non-interest expense | 223114  | 203225  | 191042  |
| Income before income taxes | 303037  | 292156  | 256774  |
| Income tax expense | 74824  | 74616  | 64478  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Net income** | $**228213**  | $**217540**  | $**192296**  |
| Earnings per share - basic | $4.99  | $4.35  | $3.52  |
| Earnings per share - diluted | $4.92  | $4.29  | $3.49  |
| Weighted average shares - basic | 45770549  | 50063620  | 54506065  |
| Weighted average shares - diluted | 46421672  | 50713140  | 55053497  |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.* 

------

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** | **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** | **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** | **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** |
| **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF C** **OMPREHENSIVE INCOME** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF C** **OMPREHENSIVE INCOME** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF C** **OMPREHENSIVE INCOME** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF C** **OMPREHENSIVE INCOME** |
|  | **For the year ended December 31,**  | **For the year ended December 31,**  | **For the year ended December 31,**  |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| **Net income**  | $**228213**  | $**217540**  | $**192296**  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Other comprehensive income, net:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in net unrealized gains | 37968  | 2824  | 14215  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reclassification adjustments for losses included in income |  | 2  | 4  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive income  | 37968  | 2826  | 14219  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in net unrealized gains  | 9492  | 494  | 3929  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reclassification adjustments for losses included in income |  | 1  | 1  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income | 9492  | 495  | 3930  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Other comprehensive income, net** | **28476**  | **2331**  | **10289**  |
| **Comprehensive income**  | $**256689**  | $**219871**  | $**202585**  |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.* 

‎

------

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** | **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** | **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** | **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** | **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** | **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** | **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** | **THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** |
| **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CH** **ANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CH** **ANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CH** **ANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CH** **ANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CH** **ANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CH** **ANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CH** **ANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CH** **ANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** |
| **For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023** | **For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023** | **For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023** | **For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023** | **For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023** | **For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023** | **For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023** | **For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023** |
| (Dollars in thousands, except share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) | (Dollars in thousands, except share data) |
|  |  |  |  |  | **Accumulated** |  |  |
|  | **Common** |  | **Additional** |  | **other** |  |  |
|  | **stock** | **Common** | **paid-in** | **Retained** | **comprehensive** | **Treasury** |  |
|  | **shares issued** | **stock** | **capital** | **earnings** | **(loss) income** | **stock** | **Total** |
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | 55689627  | $55690  | $299279  | $369319  | $(30257) | $— | $694031  |
| Net income |  |  |  | 192296  |  |  | 192296  |
| Common stock issued from option exercises, net of tax benefits | 13158  | 13  | 91  |  |  |  | 104  |
| Common stock issued from restricted units, net of tax benefits | 456991  | 457  | (457) |  |  |  |  |
| Stock-based compensation  |  |  | 11392  |  |  |  | 11392  |
| Other comprehensive income net of reclassification adjustments and tax |  |  |  |  | 10289  |  | 10289  |
| Common stock repurchases and excise tax | (2957146) | (2957) | (97874) |  |  |  | (100831) |
| **Balance at December 31, 2023** | **53202630**  | $**53203**  | $**212431**  | $**561615**  | $**(19968)** | $**—** | $**807281**  |
| Net income |  |  |  | 217540  |  |  | 217540  |
| Common stock issued from restricted units, net of tax benefits | 345390  | 345  | (345) |  |  |  |  |
| Stock-based compensation  |  |  | 14983  |  |  |  | 14983  |
| Other comprehensive income net of reclassification adjustments and tax |  |  |  |  | 2331  |  | 2331  |
| Common stock repurchases and excise tax | (5834539) | (5835) | (223836) |  |  | (22681) | (252352) |
| **Balance at December 31, 2024** | **47713481**  | $**47713**  | $**3233**  | $**779155**  | $**(17637)** | $**(22681)** | $**789783**  |
| Net income |  |  |  | 228213  |  |  | 228213  |
| Common stock issued from option exercises, net of tax benefits | 300000  | 300  | 1761  |  |  |  | 2061  |
| Common stock issued from restricted units, net of tax benefits | 390525  | 391  | (391) |  |  |  |  |
| Stock-based compensation  |  |  | 19604  |  |  |  | 19604  |
| Other comprehensive income net of reclassification adjustments and tax |  |  |  |  | 28476  |  | 28476  |
| Common stock repurchases and excise tax |  |  |  |  |  | (378341) | (378341) |
| **Balance at December 31, 2025** | **48404006**  | $**48404**  | $**24207**  | $**1007368**  | $**10839**  | $**(401022)** | $**689796**  |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.* 

‎

------

**THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES**

### **CONSOLIDATED** **STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| **Operating activities:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | $228213  | $217540  | $192296  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation  | 4650  | 4155  | 3074  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Provision for credit loss, total | 177693  | 38374  | 18330  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fintech loan credit enhancement income | (169294) | (30651) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Accretion) amortization of fees, premiums, and discounts, net | (7686) | (2608) | 1023  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation expense  | 19604  | 14983  | 11392  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Realized gains on commercial loans, at fair value | (1815) | (3699) | (6954) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred income tax (benefit) expense  | (9246) | 2317  | (5681) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on sale of fixed assets | (2) | (53) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on sale of other real estate owned | (754) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Write-down of other real estate owned |  |  | 1147  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in fair value of commercial loans, at fair value |  | 683  | 3085  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in fair value of derivatives |  | 284  | 124  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss on sales of investment securities |  | 2  | 4  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase in accrued interest receivable | (1377) | (4179) | (5529) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Decrease (increase) in other assets | 17692  | (26210) | (38067) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase (decrease) in other liabilities | 7331  | (1027) | 12609  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net cash provided by operating activities** | **265009**  | **209911**  | **186853**  |
| **Investing activities:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of investment securities available-for-sale | (433768) | (991215) | (48989) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from redemptions and prepayments of securities available-for-sale  | 304925  | 242676  | 71082  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sale of repossessed assets | 3495  | 11015  | 7927  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned  | 6204  | 1602  | 5800  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net (increase) decrease in loans | (1172341) | (875473) | 142191  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Credit enhancement agreement cash inflows | 151065  | 17742  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Capitalized investment in other real estate owned | (2142) | (1695) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial loans, at fair value drawn during the period | (3651) |  | (134256) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Payments on commercial loans, at fair value | 88944  | 109569  | 384353  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from sale of fixed assets  | 174  | 133  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of premises and equipment | (7090) | (4974) | (12689) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities** | **(1064185)** | **(1490620)** | **415419**  |
| **Financing activities:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net increase (decrease) in deposits | 419450  | 1065136  | (349203) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | (42) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds of short-term borrowings  | 199000  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds of senior debt offering, net | 195953  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Redemption of senior notes | (96421) |  | (3273) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from the issuance of common stock | 2061  |  | 104  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Repurchases of common stock and excise tax | (378341) | (252352) | (99999) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities** | **341702**  | **812742**  | **(452371)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents** | **(457474)** | **(467967)** | **149901**  |
| **Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period** | **570123**  | **1038090**  | **888189**  |
| **Cash and cash equivalents, end of period** | $**112649**  | $**570123**  | $**1038090**  |
| **Supplemental cash flow information:**  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest paid  | $172558  | $173804  | $156269  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Taxes paid  | $76334  | $80828  | $82553  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Transfers to other real estate owned from commercial loans, at fair value, and loans, net | $1978  | $44983  | $2686  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Leased vehicles transferred to repossessed assets | $3478  | $9895  | $9361  |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.* 

------

**THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** 

### **NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS** 
**Note 1—Organization and Nature of Operations** 

The Bancorp, Inc. ("the Company") is a Delaware corporation and a registered financial holding company. Its primary, wholly-owned subsidiary is The Bancorp Bank, National Association ("the Bank"), which is a federally chartered commercial bank located in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and is a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured institution. As a federally chartered institution, its primary regulator is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC"). The Bank has two primary lines of business consisting of its Fintech Solutions business, and its national Credit Solutions segment.

Through partner relationships, Fintech Solutions delivers payment, deposit, and lending products that attract deposits and generate fee income. Deposits generated through these partner relationships are deployed into loan and lease products offered by both Fintech sponsored lending and the Credit Solutions business line. The Company primarily earns fee-based income from fintech products, and such products include: sponsored issuance of deposit accounts and debit, credit, and prepaid cards; sponsored lending products for fintech partners; and payment processing solutions, including acquiring, ACH, and near-and real-time payment services in support of its partners.

Credit Solutions is our lending operation and makes the following types of loans: Real estate bridge lending; institutional banking comprised of security-backed lines of credit (SBLOC), cash value insurance policy-backed lines of credit (IBLOC) and advisor financing; and commercial loans comprised primarily of Small Business Administration (SBA) loans and direct lease financing.

The Company and the Bank are affected by state and federal legislation and regulations, and are subject to regulation by certain state and federal agencies. Accordingly, they are examined periodically by those regulatory authorities.

**Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies** 

**Basis of Presentation** 

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and predominant practices within the banking industry. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all its subsidiaries. All inter-company balances have been eliminated.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The principal estimate that is particularly susceptible to a significant change in the near term relates to our allowance for credit losses ("ACL") on loans, leases and securities. This estimate, made in accordance with GAAP, involves a significant level of estimation uncertainty and has had, or is reasonably likely to have, a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

**Subsequent Events**

The Company evaluated its December 31, 2025 consolidated financial statements for subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued. The Company is not aware of any subsequent events which would require recognition or disclosure in the financial statements.

------

**Cash and Cash Equivalents** 

Cash and cash equivalents are defined as cash and amounts due from banks with an original maturity from date of purchase of three months or less and federal funds sold. The Company maintains balances in excess of insured limits at various financial institutions including the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"), the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") and other private institutions. The Company does not believe these instruments carry a significant risk of loss, but cannot provide assurances that no losses could occur if these institutions were to become insolvent.

**Investment Securities** 

The Company's investments in debt securities are classified as available-for-sale, as management believes the instruments may be sold prior to maturity due to changes in interest rates, prepayment risk, liquidity requirements, or other factors. Net unrealized gains for such securities, net of tax effect, are reported as other comprehensive income through equity and are excluded from the determination of net income. The unrealized losses for available-for-sale securities are evaluated to determine if any component is attributable to credit loss versus market factors. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a provision for credit losses is recorded within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Subsequent improvement in credit may result in reversal of the credit charge in future periods. For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income.

Realized gains or losses on disposition of investment securities are based on the net proceeds and the adjusted carrying amount of the securities sold using the specific identification method.

The Company periodically reviews its investment portfolio to determine whether any securities are credit deteriorated and an allowance for credit loss should be established. The evaluation is performed at the individual security level, and includes consideration of the following factors: (a) the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost of the security; (b) changes in the financial condition, credit rating and near-term prospects of the issuer; (c) whether the issuer is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments; (d) changes in the financial condition of the security's underlying collateral; and (e) the payment structure of the security.

The Company's determination of the best estimate of expected future cash flows, which is used to determine the credit loss amount, is a quantitative and qualitative process that incorporates information received from third-party sources along with internal assumptions and judgments regarding the future performance of the security. If required, an ACL is established to recognize credit deterioration through a charge to provision for credit loss on security in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The charge may be reversed should credit improve in the future.

**Commercial Loans, at fair value** 

Commercial loans at fair value were originated prior to 2020, were intended for sale into securitizations and at origination the Company elected fair value treatment. The Company continues to account for this population at fair value even though they are no longer intended for sale. Changes in fair value are recognized as unrealized gains or losses on commercial loans in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company accounts for all its' current originations at amortized cost.

**Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs** 

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are classified as held for investment and are stated at amortized cost, net of unearned discounts, unearned loan fees and an allowance for credit loss.

The Company defers initial direct costs incurred and fees received to originate our loans. The deferred loan fees and costs are amortized to interest income using the effective interest method.

Interest income is accrued as earned on a simple interest method. Accrual of interest is discontinued on a loan when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, that the borrower's financial condition is such that collection of interest is doubtful. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all accumulated accrued interest receivable is reversed

------

from income on a timely basis. Loans reported as having missed four or more consecutive monthly payments and still accruing interest must have both principal and accruing interest adequately secured by collateral, and must be in the process of collection. Such loans are reported as 90 days delinquent and still accruing.

For all loan types, the Company uses the method of reporting delinquencies which considers a loan past due or delinquent if a monthly payment has not been received by the close of business on the loan's next due date. In the Company's reporting, two missed payments are reflected as 30 to 59 day delinquencies and three missed payments are reflected as 60 to 89 day delinquencies.

**Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans**

For loans held for investment at amortized cost, the allowance is determined based on a current expected credit loss ("CECL") methodology. Under CECL, a lifetime expected credit loss estimate is recognized when a financial asset is originated or purchased, taking into account all cashflows the Company expects to receive or derive, including recoveries after charge-off. Expected credit losses are estimated over the estimated remaining lives of loans. The Company does not measure an ACL on accrued interest receivable balances, because these balances are written off in a timely manner as a reduction to interest income when loans are placed on non-accrual status.

The ACL is established through a provision for credit losses recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Loan principal considered to be uncollectible by management is charged against the ACL.

Management updates its estimate of credit loss for its' loans recorded at amortized cost on a quarterly basis. The Company has established a systematic methodology to measure the estimated credit losses inherent in its current portfolio, over the entire life of the contracts, and this methodology is consistently applied. The Company assesses the appropriate segments to use to analyze its portfolio based on the different receivable classes that have different underlying collateral and unique risk characteristics.

A vintage analysis is used to determine the allowance for the SBL, leasing, advisor financing, and REBL portfolios, the probability of default/loss given default method is used for the SBLOC, IBLOC and Fintech loan portfolios and discounted cash flow for the other loan portfolio. For the vintage analysis the loans are segregated by product type, to recognize differing risk characteristics within portfolio segments, and an average historical loss rate is calculated for each product type. The average loss rate is then projected over the estimated remaining loan lives unique to each loan pool, to determine estimated lifetime losses. For the probability of default/loss given default the Company calculates the likelihood a borrower will default and then the expected loss after the default occurs. The discounted cash flow method estimates expected credit losses by projecting the cash flows of a financial asset over its lifetime, discounting those flows back to their present value, and comparing the result to the asset's amortized cost basis. Internal loss data is used for most loan categories, except Advisor and REBL where third-party data is used due to a lack of significant company-own historical loss experience.

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. When specific loans are credit deteriorated and separately assessed, expected credit losses for collateral-dependent loans are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. A loan is deemed to be a collateral-dependent loan when: (i) foreclosure is believed to be probable; or (ii) foreclosure or repossession is not probable, but the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and we expect repayment to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. For collateral-dependent loans, a reserve is established within the ACL based on the difference between loan principal and the estimated fair value of the collateral, adjusted for estimated disposition costs.

Categories of loans that may be assessed as collateral dependent, and the underlying nature of the collateral, includes:

Real estate bridge loans are primarily collateralized by apartment buildings, or other commercial real estate.

SBL non-real estate are collateralized by business assets, which may include certain real estate.

SBL commercial mortgage and construction are collateralized by real estate for small businesses.

SBLOC are collateralized by marketable investment securities while IBLOC are collateralized by the cash value of life insurance.

Advisor financing are collateralized by investment advisors' business franchises.

Direct lease financing are collateralized primarily by vehicles or equipment.

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As part of its estimate of expected credit losses, specific to each measurement date, management considers relevant qualitative factors to assess whether the historical loss experience being referenced should be adjusted to better reflect the risk characteristics of the current portfolio and the expected future loss experience for the life of these contracts. This assessment incorporates all available information relevant to considering the collectability of its current portfolio, including considering economic and business conditions, default trends, changes in its portfolio composition, changes in its lending policies and practices, among other internal and external factors.

These qualitative adjustments are subjective and based on current expectations and available information, and are designed to be responsive to changes in expectations; Such estimates may increase or decrease the allowance in future periods as such information is updated. Further, actual losses on specified problem loans, may depend upon disposition of collateral for which actual sales prices may differ from appraisals or management's estimates.

The loss estimate is adjusted for qualitative factors, incorporating forward looking expectations over a twelve-to-eighteen-month projection period, then the estimate of loss reverts to historical loss rates. The qualitative and quantitative historical loss rate components, together with the allowances on specific credit-deteriorated loans, comprise the total ACL.

**Stock in Federal Reserve, Federal Home Loan and Atlantic Central Bankers Banks**

Stock in FRB, FHLB, and Atlantic Central Bankers Bank ("ACBB") is recorded at cost. Each of these institutions require their correspondent banking institutions to hold stock as a condition of membership. While a fixed stock amount is required by each of these institutions, the FHLB stock requirement increases or decreases with the level of borrowing activity.

**Premises and Equipment**

Premises and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is computed on the straight-line method over the useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the improvements or the terms of the related leases.

**Other Real Estate Owned**

Other real estate owned ("OREO") is recorded at estimated fair market value less estimated cost of disposal; which establishes a new cost basis or carrying value. When property is acquired, the excess, if any, of the loan balance over fair market value is charged to the ACL. Periodically thereafter, the asset is reviewed for subsequent declines in the estimated fair market value against the carrying value. Subsequent declines, if any, and holding costs, as well as gains and losses on subsequent sale, are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Expenditures for OREO properties that extend its useful life or capacity are capitalized.

**Credit Enhancement Asset**

The Company has agreements with a partner to originate and service consumer fintech loans, which include credit enhancement provisions through which the partner covers incurred losses on such consumer fintech loans. When a fintech loan meets a defined delinquency level, the Company recognizes a charge-off of the receivable, and the incurred losses are covered by the partner. Any subsequent recoveries from the charged-off loan are credited to the partner. The partner relationship agreements governing our fintech loan programs include requirements for pledging cash reserve accounts at the Bank as collateral for loss exposure, through which we can collect when losses occur. In addition, the agreements also provide for the right to offset any cashflows we owe to our partners (such as for monthly revenues) against any net realized loan losses.

The Company recognizes an estimate of loss on the fintech portfolio through its allowance for credit loss, with provision for credit losses on fintech loans recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, the Company recognizes a corresponding amount of credit enhancement asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and non-interest income — consumer fintech loan credit enhancement on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The measurement of the expected loan losses and the related credit enhancement are based on the same estimate and are equal and correlate to like amounts in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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**Internal Use Software** 

The Company capitalizes costs associated with internally developed and/or purchased software systems for new products and enhancements to existing products that have reached the application stage and meet recoverability tests. Capitalized costs include external direct costs of materials and services utilized in developing or obtaining internal use software and payroll and payroll related expenses for employees who are directly associated with, and devote time to, the internal use software project. Capitalization of such costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and ceases no later than the point at which the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose.

The carrying value of the Company's software is periodically reviewed and a loss is recognized if the value of the estimated undiscounted cash flow benefit related to the asset falls below the unamortized cost. Amortization is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the related software, which is generally seven years. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had net capitalized software costs of approximately $3.3 million and $5.0 million, respectively, recognized within other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recorded related amortization expense of approximately $1.5 million, $1.1 million and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

**Deposits**

The Company does not have a traditional bank branch system, the deposit accounts are comprised primarily of millions of small transaction-based consumer balances which are obtained through and with the assistance of third-party partner relationships of our Fintech business.

Interest is paid directly to consumer account holders for an immaterial amount of deposit balances. For the majority of the deposit accounts, interest expense is recognized that represents fees paid to third-parties. Those fees are based upon a contractual percentage applied to a rate index, generally the effective federal funds rate, and therefore classified as interest expense.

**Income Taxes** 

The Company accounts for income taxes under the liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between their carrying values on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and their tax basis as measured by the enacted tax rates which will be in effect when these differences reverse. Deferred tax expense (benefit) is the result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

The Company recognizes the benefit of a tax position in the consolidated financial statements only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit by the tax authority. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. For these analyses, the Company may engage attorneys to provide opinions related to the positions. The Company applies this policy to all tax positions for which the statute of limitations remain open, but this application does not materially impact the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets or Consolidated Statements of Operations. Any interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in income tax expense (benefit) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Deferred tax assets are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their net realizable value. The Company performs an assessment each reporting period to evaluate the amount of the deferred tax asset it is more likely than not to realize. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the amount of taxable income expected in future periods, as tax benefits require taxable income to be realized. If a valuation allowance is required, the deferred tax asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is reduced via a corresponding income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

**Revenue Recognition – Non-interest income**

The Company's revenue streams that are in the scope of ASC 606 *Revenue* include prepaid and debit card, card payment, interchange, automated clearing house ("ACH") and deposit processing and other fees. The Company recognizes revenue when the performance obligations related to the transfer of goods or services under the terms of a contract are satisfied. The vast majority of the Company's services related to its revenues are performed, earned, and recognized monthly. The Company's contracts generally do not contain terms that require significant judgment to determine the variability impacting the transaction price.

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*ACH, card and other payment processing fees.* The majority of fees the Company earns result from contractual transaction fees paid by third-party sponsors to the Company and monthly service fees. Additionally, the Company earns interchange fees paid through settlement with associations such as Visa, which are also determined on a per transaction basis. The Company records this revenue net of costs such as association fees and interchange transaction charges. Fees earned by the Company from processing card payments, or from processing ACH payments or other payments are also determined primarily on a per transaction basis.

*Prepaid and debit card fees* primarily include fees for services related to reconciliation, fraud detection, regulatory compliance and other services which are performed and earned daily or monthly and are also billed and collected on a monthly basis. Accordingly, there is no significant component of the services the Company performs or related revenues which are deferred. The Company earns transactional and/or interchange fees on prepaid and debit card accounts when transactions occur and revenue is billed and collected monthly or quarterly. Certain volume or transaction based interchange expenses paid to payment networks such as Visa, reduce revenue which is presented net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Card payment and ACH processing fees include transaction fees earned for processing merchant transactions. Revenue is recognized when a cardholder's transaction is approved and settled, or monthly. ACH processing fees are earned on a per item basis as the transactions are processed for third-party clients and are also billed and collected monthly. Service charges on deposit accounts include fees and other charges the Company receives to provide various services, including but not limited to, account maintenance, check writing, wire transfer and other services normally associated with deposit accounts. Revenue for these services is recognized monthly as the services are performed. The Company's customer contracts do not typically have performance obligations and fees are collected and earned when the transaction occurs. The Company may, from time to time, waive certain fees for customers but generally does not reduce the transaction price to reflect variability for future reversals due to the insignificance of the amounts. Waiver of fees reduces the revenue in the period the waiver is granted to the customer.

*Consumer credit fintech fees* are comprised of fees paid by third-party marketers and servicers related to loans made by the Bank, which earns such fees based generally on average loan balances.

**Advertising Costs** 

The Company expenses advertising and marketing costs as incurred. Advertising and marketing costs amounted to $1.7 million, $858,000 and $978,000 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Advertising and marketing expense is reflected under "Other" in the non-interest expense section of the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

**Variable Interest Entities**

Variable interest entities ("VIEs") are entities that, by design, either (1) lack sufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, or (2) have equity investors that do not have the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity's operations through voting rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses, or do not have the right to receive the residual returns of the entity.

The Company determines whether an entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE") and whether it is the primary beneficiary at the date of initial involvement with the entity. The Company reassesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE upon certain events that affect the VIE's equity investment at risk and upon certain changes in the VIE's activities. The purposes and activities of the VIE are considered in determining whether the Company is the primary beneficiary, including the variability and related risks the VIE incurs and transfers to other entities and their related parties. Based on these factors, a qualitative assessment is made and, if inconclusive, a quantitative assessment of whether it would absorb a majority of the VIE's expected losses or receive a majority of the VIE's expected residual returns. If the Company determines that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the VIE is consolidated within the financial statements.

The Company's involvement with variable interest entities primarily relates to CRE securitization trusts issued prior to 2020, where the Company originated and sold all of the commercial mortgage loan collateral into the securitizations, and retained an interest in the trusts in the form of an Investment securities. The Company was not considered the primary beneficiary of the CRE trusts. Amounts recorded related to the Company's interest in nonconsolidated VIEs consisted of $3.4 million of Investment securities for commercial mortgage-backed securities as of December 31, 2024. There were no amounts recognized related to VIEs as of December 31, 2025, as the related investment was repaid.

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**Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements**

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued *Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures*. ASU 2023-09, effective January 1, 2025, adds annual disclosures for the amount of income taxes paid, net of refunds, shown separately for federal, state and foreign taxes. Total tax paid, net of refunds, for any jurisdictions which exceed 5% of total net taxes paid, will also be shown separately. The Company adopted this guidance on a prospective basis as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025.

**Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements**

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, which requires entities to disclose disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items in the notes to their financial statements on an annual and interim basis. Subsequently, in January 2025, the FASB issued *ASU 2025-01—Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date,* making ASU 2024-03 effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, on a retrospective or prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this update to determine the impact on the Company's disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, which clarifies the capitalization threshold on costs to develop software for internal use. This update removes the prescriptive and sequential software development stages (referred to as "project stages") and requires entities to start capitalizing software costs when (i) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, and (ii) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the "probable-to-complete recognition threshold"). The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods on a prospective, modified transition, or a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating this update to determine its impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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**Note 3— Earnings Per Share**

The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, *Earnings Per Share*. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated under the treasury stock method and takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities, including stock options and RSUs or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and converted into common stock.

The calculation of weighted-average common shares outstanding during each respective period includes activity related to share repurchases made under the Company's share repurchase programs, as discussed further in Note 11, "*Shareholders' Equity*".

The following tables show the Company's earnings per share for the periods presented:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year ended December 31,  | Year ended December 31,  | Year ended December 31,  |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands except per share data) | (Dollars in thousands except per share data) | (Dollars in thousands except per share data) |
| Net income | $228213  | $217540  | $192296  |
| Weighted average shares - basic | 45770549  | 50063620  | 54506065  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock options and RSUs | 651123  | 649520  | 547432  |
| Weighted average shares - diluted | 46421672  | 50713140  | 55053497  |
| Basic and diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income per share - basic | $4.99  | $4.35  | $3.52  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Common stock options and RSUs | (0.07) | (0.06) | (0.03) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income per share - diluted | $4.92  | $4.29  | $3.49  |
| Included in the computation of diluted shares:  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock options with exercise price below average market price |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Share count | 368293  | 565104  | 465104  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Minimum exercise price | $8.57  | $6.87  | $6.87  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Maximum exercise price | $43.89  | $30.32  | $18.81  |
| Excluded from the computation of diluted shares: Antidilutive securities  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Outstanding stock-based compensation awards | 32624  | 103189  | 157573  |

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**Note 4—Investment Securities** 

Investment securities are classified as available for sale and are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
|  |  | Gross | Gross |  |
|  | Amortized  | unrealized | unrealized | Fair |
|  | cost | gains | losses | value |
| U.S. Government agency securities | $25503  | $63  | $(457) | $25109  |
| Asset-backed securities | 234029  | 205  | (133) | 234101  |
| Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions | 9614  | 62  | (40) | 9636  |
| Taxable obligations of states and political subdivisions | 18941  | 45  | (59) | 18927  |
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 454837  | 13039  | (3553) | 464323  |
| Collateralized mortgage obligation securities | 58129  | 44  | (593) | 57580  |
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 856273  | 14306  | (8505) | 862074  |
|  | $1657326  | $27764  | $(13340) | $1671750  |

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
|  |  | Gross | Gross |  |
|  | Amortized  | unrealized | unrealized | Fair |
|  | cost | gains | losses | value |
| U.S. Government agency securities | $31233  | $— | $(1271) | $29962  |
| Asset-backed securities | 214346  | 177  | (24) | 214499  |
| Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions | 6860  |  | (73) | 6787  |
| Taxable obligations of states and political subdivisions | 29267  | 7  | (441) | 28833  |
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 438562  | 1137  | (6280) | 433419  |
| Collateralized mortgage obligation securities | 27279  |  | (1127) | 26152  |
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 778857  | 1653  | (17302) | 763208  |
|  | $1526404  | $2974  | $(26518) | $1502860  |

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The amortized cost and fair value of the Company's investment securities at December 31, 2025, by contractual maturity are shown below (dollars in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities based on the timing of cashflows from the underlying collateral.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Available-for-sale | Available-for-sale |
|  | Amortized  | Fair |
|  | cost | value |
| Due before one year | $19987 | $19872 |
| Due after one year through five years | 221361 | 222617 |
| Due after five years through ten years | 565703 | 574098 |
| Due after ten years | 850275 | 855163 |
|  | $1657326 | $1671750 |

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Realized losses on securities sales or calls were not material for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

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The table below indicates the length of time individual securities had been in continuous unrealized loss positions (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
|  | Less than 12 months | Less than 12 months | 12 months or longer | 12 months or longer | Total | Total |
|  | Fair Value | Unrealized losses | Fair Value | Unrealized losses | Fair Value | Unrealized losses |
| <u>Description of Securities</u> |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| U.S. Government agency securities | $2521 | $(1) | $11660 | $(456) | $14181 | $(457) |
| Asset-backed securities | 59024 | (133) |  |  | 59024 | (133) |
| Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions | 3456 | (33) | 1153 | (7) | 4609 | (40) |
| Taxable obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  | 14053 | (59) | 14053 | (59) |
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 18630 | (62) | 28886 | (3491) | 47516 | (3553) |
| Collateralized mortgage obligation securities | 34149 | (75) | 12721 | (518) | 46870 | (593) |
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 173572 | (873) | 119778 | (7632) | 293350 | (8505) |
| Total unrealized loss position |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;investment securities | $291352 | $(1177) | $188251 | $(12163) | $479603 | $(13340) |

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Less than 12 months | Less than 12 months | 12 months or longer | 12 months or longer | Total | Total |
|  | Fair Value | Unrealized losses | Fair Value | Unrealized losses | Fair Value | Unrealized losses |
| <u>Description of Securities</u> |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| U.S. Government agency securities | $15384  | $(307) | $14578  | $(964) | $29962  | $(1271) |
| Asset-backed securities | 35108  | (8) | 33854  | (16) | 68962  | (24) |
| Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions | 5664  | (36) | 1123  | (37) | 6787  | (73) |
| Taxable obligations of states and political subdivisions | 1157  | (18) | 25734  | (423) | 26891  | (441) |
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | 172076  | (1156) | 37527  | (5124) | 209603  | (6280) |
| Collateralized mortgage obligation securities |  |  | 26152  | (1127) | 26152  | (1127) |
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 351595  | (4402) | 166554  | (12900) | 518149  | (17302) |
| Total unrealized loss position |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;investment securities | $580984  | $(5927) | $305522  | $(20591) | $886506  | $(26518) |

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There were 188 and 267 securities in a loss position as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company concluded that an allowance was not required to recognize credit losses on its investment securities as of both December 31, 2025 and 2024.

In 2023, the Company recognized a provision for credit loss on investment securities of $10.0 million for the total par value of the only trust preferred security in its portfolio, based upon limited financial and other information received from the issuer. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the issuer tendered an offer to repurchase these securities which the Company accepted, and $1.0 million recovery was recognized.

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**Note 5—Loans, net**

The Company's loans originate from several lending lines of business, including:

*SBL*s, or small business loans, are comprised primarily of Small Business Administration "SBA" loans.

*Direct lease financing* includes lease financing for commercial and government vehicle fleets and, to a lesser extent, provides lease financing for other equipment.

*SBLOCs,* or securities-backed lines of credit, are made to individuals, trusts and other entities and are secured by a pledge of marketable securities maintained in one or more accounts for which the Company obtains a securities account control agreement.

*IBLOCs,* or insurance policy cash value-backed lines of credit, are collateralized by the cash surrender value of eligible insurance policies.

*Advisor financing* are loans to investment advisors for purposes of debt refinancing, acquisition of another firm or internal succession.

*REBL,* or real estate bridge lending, are transitional commercial mortgage loans which are made to improve and rehabilitate existing properties which already have cash flow, and which are collateralized by those properties.

*Fintech loans* consist of short-term extensions of credit including secured credit card loans made in conjunction with marketers and servicers.

*Other loans* include warehouse financing related to loan sales to third-party purchasers of REBL loans, and commercial and HELOC which the Company generally no longer offers.

Major classifications of loans, excluding commercial loans, at fair value, are as follows (dollars in thousands):

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31,  | December 31,  |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Loans recorded at amortized cost:** |  |  |
| SBL non-real estate  | $235282 | $190322 |
| SBL commercial mortgage | 749234 | 662091 |
| SBL construction  | 22382 | 34685 |
| SBLs | 1006898 | 887098 |
| Direct lease financing  | 685422 | 700553 |
| SBLOC / IBLOC<sup>(1)</sup> | 1669985 | 1564018 |
| Advisor financing | 294236 | 273896 |
| Real estate bridge lending | 2188952 | 2109041 |
| Fintech | 1097998 | 454357 |
| Other loans<sup>(2)</sup> | 157416 | 111328 |
|  | 7100907 | 6100291 |
| Unamortized loan fees and costs | 15769 | 13337 |
| **Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs** | $7116676 | $6113628 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> SBLOC are collateralized by marketable securities, while IBLOC are collateralized by the cash surrender value of insurance policies. At December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, IBLOC loans amounted to $467.5 million and $548.1 million, respectively.

<sup>(2)</sup> Includes warehouse financing related to loan sales to third-party purchasers of real estate bridge loans of $110.7 million and $65.5 million at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In addition, for December 31, 2025 includes CRA loans of $3.0 million and $3.7 million that were presented in SBL non-real estate and SBL commercial mortgage, respectively, at December 31, 2024.

The Company did not have loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality at either December 31, 2025, or December 31, 2024. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company purchased $23.1 million and $46.7 million of SBLs, respectively, none of which were credit deteriorated. On December 31, 2024 the Company sold $82.0 million of REBL loans.

Generally, a bank may not make a loan or extend credit to a single or related group of borrowers in excess of 15% of its unimpaired capital and surplus. At December 31, 2025, the Bank's limit on loans to one borrower was $138.9 million, and our highest concentration of lending with any individual sponsor was $103.7 million of REBL loans.

 **‎** 

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**Non-Accrual and Delinquency**

A detail of the Company's delinquent loans by loan category is as follows (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
|  | 30-59 days | 60-89 days | 90+ days |  | Total past due |  | Total |
|  | past due | past due | still accruing | Non-accrual | and non-accrual | Current | loans |
| SBL non-real estate  | $1515  | $344  | $— | $8639  | $10498  | $224784  | $235282  |
| SBL commercial mortgage | 224  |  |  | 21977  | 22201  | 727033  | 749234  |
| SBL construction  |  |  |  | 2660  | 2660  | 19722  | 22382  |
| Direct lease financing  | 2461  | 894  | 1457  | 12066  | 16878  | 668544  | 685422  |
| SBLOC / IBLOC | 5328  | 65  | 251  | 446  | 6090  | 1663895  | 1669985  |
| Advisor financing |  |  |  |  |  | 294236  | 294236  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  | 14459  | 9755  | 24214  | 2164738  | 2188952  |
| Fintech | 24701  | 3791  | 2030  |  | 30522  | 1067476  | 1097998  |
| Other loans | 209  | 111  | 2  | 142  | 464  | 156952  | 157416  |
| Unamortized loan fees and costs |  |  |  |  |  | 15769  | 15769  |
|  | $34438  | $5205  | $18199  | $55685  | $113527  | $7003149  | $7116676  |
|  | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
|  | 30-59 days | 60-89 days | 90+ days |  | Total past due |  | Total |
|  | past due | past due | still accruing | Non-accrual | and non-accrual | Current | loans |
| SBL non-real estate  | $229  | $— | $871  | $2635  | $3735  | $186587  | $190322  |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  |  | 336  | 4885  | 5221  | 656870  | 662091  |
| SBL construction  |  |  |  | 1585  | 1585  | 33100  | 34685  |
| Direct lease financing  | 7069  | 1923  | 1088  | 6026  | 16106  | 684447  | 700553  |
| SBLOC / IBLOC | 20991  | 1808  | 3322  | 503  | 26624  | 1537394  | 1564018  |
| Advisor financing |  |  |  |  |  | 273896  | 273896  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  |  | 12300  | 12300  | 2096741  | 2109041  |
| Fintech | 13419  | 681  | 213  |  | 14313  | 440044  | 454357  |
| Other loans | 49  |  |  |  | 49  | 111279  | 111328  |
| Unamortized loan fees and costs |  |  |  |  |  | 13337  | 13337  |
|  | $41757  | $4412  | $5830  | $27934  | $79933  | $6033695  | $6113628  |

---

The following table summarizes non-accrual loans with and without an ACL as of the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Non-accrual loans with a related ACL  | Related ACL | Non-accrual loans without a related ACL  | Total non-accrual loans | Non-accrual loans with a related ACL  | Related ACL | Non-accrual loans without a related ACL  | Total non-accrual loans  |
| SBL non-real estate | $5361 | $963 | $3278 | $8639 | $1308 | $351 | $1327 | $2635 |
| SBL commercial mortgage | 3009 | 801 | 18968 | 21977 | 1922 | 1039 | 2963 | 4885 |
| SBL construction | 710 | 35 | 1950 | 2660 | 1585 | 118 |  | 1585 |
| Direct leasing | 11881 | 4211 | 185 | 12066 | 5561 | 2377 | 465 | 6026 |
| IBLOC | 446 | 207 |  | 446 | 503 | 413 |  | 503 |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  | 9755 | 9755 |  |  | 12300 | 12300 |
| Other loans |  |  | 142 | 142 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $21407 | $6217 | $34278 | $55685 | $10879 | $4298 | $17055 | $27934 |

---

Interest which would have been earned on loans classified as non-accrual at December 31, 2025 and 2024, was $2.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively. No income on non-accrual loans was recognized during 2025 or 2024.

In 2025 amounts reversed from interest income totaled $2.1 million, and primarily consist of $1.2 million of REBL and $0.6 million of SBL commercial real estate. In 2024 amounts reversed from interest income totaled $1.3 million, and primarily consist of $1.0 million of REBL. In 2023 amounts reversed from interest income totaled $0.3 million, and primarily consist of $0.1 million of direct leasing. The interest reversals represent interest receivable balance on loans at the time of transfer into non-accrual status.

------

**Loan Modifications**

Loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, and related information are as follows (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | Payment delay as a result of a payment deferral | Interest rate reduction and payment deferral | Term extension and interest rate reduction | Total | Percent of total loan category | Payment delay as a result of a payment deferral | Interest rate reduction and payment deferral | Term extension | Total | Percent of total loan category |
| SBL non-real estate  | $4480  | $1288  | $— | $5768  | 2.45% | $2421  | $— | $— | $2421  | 1.27% |
| SBL commercial mortgage | 3330  |  |  | 3330  | 0.44% | 3255  |  |  | 3255  | 0.49% |
| Direct lease financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2477  | 2477  | 0.35% |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  | 9576  | 9576  | 0.44% |  | 67575  |  | 67575  | 3.20% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $7810  | $1288  | $9576  | $18674  | 0.26% | $5676  | $67575  | $2477  | $75728  | 1.24% |

---

The following table shows an analysis of loans that were modified during the year-to-date periods ended December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024 presented by loan classification (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 |
|  | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) |
|  | 30-59 days | 60-89 days | 90+ days |  | Total  |  |  |
|  | past due | past due | still accruing | Non-accrual | delinquent | Current | Total |
| SBL non-real estate  | $— | $— | $— | $1288  | $1288  | $4480  | $5768  |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  |  |  | 3330  | 3330  |  | 3330  |
| Direct lease financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  |  |  |  | 9576  | 9576  |
|  | $— | $— | $— | $4618  | $4618  | $14056  | $18674  |
|  | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) | Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis) |
|  | 30-59 days | 60-89 days | 90+ days |  | Total  |  |  |
|  | past due | past due | still accruing | Non-accrual | delinquent | Current | Total |
| SBL non-real estate  | $— | $— | $— | $1022  | $1022  | $1399  | $2421  |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  |  |  |  |  | 3255  | 3255  |
| Direct lease financing |  | 2477  |  |  | 2477  |  | 2477  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  |  |  |  | 67575  | 67575  |
|  | $— | $2477  | $— | $1022  | $3499  | $72229  | $75728  |

---

The following table describes the financial effect of modifications made:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2025 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 | Year ended December 31, 2024 |
|  | Combined Rate and Maturity | Combined Rate and Maturity |  | Combined Rate and Maturity | Combined Rate and Maturity |  |
|  | Weighted average interest rate reduction | Weighted average term extension (in months) | More-than-insignificant-payment delay<sup>(1)</sup> | Weighted average interest rate reduction | Weighted average term extension (in months) | More-than-insignificant-payment delay<sup>(1)</sup> |
| SBL non-real estate  | 1.00% |  | 2.45% |  |  | 1.27% |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  |  | 0.44% |  |  | 0.49% |
| Direct lease financing |  |  |  |  | 12.0  |  |
| Real estate bridge lending | 0.25% | 12.0  |  | 1.08% |  | 1.28% |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Percentage represents the principal of loans deferred divided by the principal of the total loan portfolio.

There were no loans that received a term extension modification which had a payment default during the period and were modified in the twelve months before default. The Company had no commitments to extend additional credit to loans classified as modified as of either December 31, 2025 or 2024.

------

As of December 31, 2025, there were $18.7 million of loans classified as modified with no specific reserves, while there were $75.7 million of loans classified as modified as of December 31, 2024 with specific reserves of $768,000.

**Allowance for Credit Loss**

A summary of the Company's accounting policy and quantitative and qualitative methodology used in measuring the allowance for credit losses is presented in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies". The Company's estimate of credit loss for each portfolio segment includes consideration of different portfolio segments and qualitative factors, as follows:

*Real estate bridge loans.* Real estate bridge loans are primarily collateralized by apartment buildings, or other commercial real estate. As charge-offs have generally not been experienced for multifamily (apartment building loans) which comprise the REBL portfolio, the ACL is determined by qualitative factors. Qualitative factors focus on historical industry losses, changes in classified loan balances, changes in economic conditions and underlying collateral and portfolio performance. In the third quarter of 2024, as a result of increased levels of loans classified as special mention or substandard, a new qualitative factor related to the level of such classified loans was added.

*Fintech loans.* Fintech loans included $729.1 million and $201.1 million of secured credit card accounts as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which are backed dollar for dollar by cash collateral by each individual cardholder and are required to be repaid in-full monthly. The remaining fintech loans consist of cashflow underwritten short-term liquidity products to individual borrowers ranging in maturities from 30 to 365 days.

In addition, all fintech loans are covered by credit enhancement agreements. The Company has an agreement with a partner to originate and service fintech loans, which includes credit enhancement provisions through which incurred losses on fintech loans are covered by the partner. The Company recognizes an estimate of loss on this portfolio through its allowance for credit losses on its fintech loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with provision for credit losses on fintech loans recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, the Company recognizes a corresponding amount of credit enhancement asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and non-interest income — fintech loan credit enhancement in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The measurement of the expected loan losses and the related credit enhancement are based on the same estimate and are equal and correlate to like amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has recognized a credit enhancement asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to the estimated recovery of its realized losses on fintech loans of $31.1 million and $12.9 million as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. All fintech loans are covered by credit enhancement agreements as of December 31, 2025.

*SBL.* The Company segments the SBL portfolio into pools to capture the risk characteristics including: non-real estate, commercial mortgage and construction. The qualitative factors for SBL loans focus on pool loan performance, underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans and changes in economic conditions. Additionally, the construction segment adds a qualitative factor for general construction risk, such as construction delays resulting from labor shortages or availability/pricing of construction materials.

*Direct lease financing.* The qualitative factors for direct lease financing focus on underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans, portfolio loan performance, loan concentrations and changes in economic conditions.

*SBLOC.* The maximum SBLOC line amounts are determined based on the underlying securities collateral, which is monitored on a daily basis to confirm the composition of the client portfolio and its daily market value. The primary qualitative factor in the SBLOC analysis is the ratio of loans outstanding to market value. Significant losses have not been incurred since inception of this line of business, as the advance rates were established to provide the Company with protection from declines in market conditions from the origination date of the lines of credit.

*IBLOC*. Significant losses have not been incurred since inception of the IBLOC line of business. The qualitative factors for IBLOC primarily focus on the concentration risk with insurance companies.

*Advisor financing.* The Bank originates loans to investment advisors for purposes of debt refinancing, acquisition of another firm or internal succession. As credit losses have not been experienced, the ACL is determined by qualitative factors. The qualitative factors for investment advisor financing focus on historical industry losses, changes in lending policies and procedures, portfolio performance and economic conditions.

*Other loans.* Other loans include warehouse financing related to REBL loan sales to third-party purchasers, and commercial and home equity lines of credit which the Company generally no longer offers. Qualitative factors focus on changes in the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans, portfolio loan performance, loan concentrations and changes in economic conditions.

------

A summary of the Company's primary portfolio pools and loans accordingly classified, by year of origination, at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is as follows (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| As of December 31, 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | Prior | Revolving loans at amortized cost | Total |
| SBL non real estate  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass  | $70191  | $50083  | $60331  | $17797  | $12295  | $6765  | $— | $217462  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention |  | 262  | 992  | 1480  |  | 71  |  | 2805  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  | 1171  | 6635  | 4276  | 1360  | 1573  |  | 15015  |
| Total SBL non-real estate | 70191  | 51516  | 67958  | 23553  | 13655  | 8409  |  | 235282  |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass  | 107357  | 156610  | 83047  | 105359  | 69554  | 166921  |  | 688848  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention |  | 2749  | 2708  | 4406  | 4275  | 7459  |  | 21597  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  | 706  | 9622  | 14656  | 8579  | 5226  |  | 38789  |
| Total SBL commercial mortgage | 107357  | 160065  | 95377  | 124421  | 82408  | 179606  |  | 749234  |
| SBL construction  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass  | 4769  | 10449  | 4504  |  |  |  |  | 19722  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  |  |  |  | 1950  | 710  |  | 2660  |
| Total SBL construction | 4769  | 10449  | 4504  |  | 1950  | 710  |  | 22382  |
| Direct lease financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-rated | 1777  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1777  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass  | 253367  | 177838  | 121969  | 87456  | 20241  | 4269  |  | 665140  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention | 719  | 410  | 759  | 295  | 3  |  |  | 2186  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard | 16  | 2741  | 7321  | 4335  | 1839  | 67  |  | 16319  |
| Total direct lease financing | 255879  | 180989  | 130049  | 92086  | 22083  | 4336  |  | 685422  |
| SBLOC/IBLOC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-rated |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6882  | 6882  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1662616  | 1662616  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  |  |  |  |  |  | 487  | 487  |
| Total SBLOC/IBLOC |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1669985  | 1669985  |
| Advisor financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass | 68249  | 69705  | 70411  | 48197  | 16471  | 12253  |  | 285286  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention |  |  |  | 979  | 7971  |  |  | 8950  |
| Total advisor financing | 68249  | 69705  | 70411  | 49176  | 24442  | 12253  |  | 294236  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass | 689651  | 453603  | 271554  | 569730  | 120938  |  |  | 2105476  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention |  |  |  |  | 9576  |  |  | 9576  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  | 42735  |  | 21411  | 9754  |  |  | 73900  |
| Total real estate bridge lending | 689651  | 496338  | 271554  | 591141  | 140268  |  |  | 2188952  |
| Fintech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-rated | 141605  |  |  |  |  |  | 954364  | 1095969  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard | 2029  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2029  |
| Total fintech | 143634  |  |  |  |  |  | 954364  | 1097998  |
| Other loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-rated | 494  |  |  |  |  | 8852 |  | 9346 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass  | 56998  | 54458  | 160  | 252  | 343  | 34621 | 1096  | 147928 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  |  |  |  |  | 142 |  | 142 |
| Total other loans | 57492  | 54458  | 160  | 252  | 343  | 43615  | 1096  | 157416  |
|  | $1397222  | $1023520  | $640013  | $880629  | $285149  | $248929  | $2625445  | $7100907  |
| Unamortized loan fees and costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15769  |
| Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $7116676  |

---

------

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| As of December 31, 2024 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Prior | Revolving loans at amortized cost | Total |
| SBL non real estate  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass  | $46766  | $74772  | $27794  | $18103  | $5321  | $5353 | $— | $178109 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention |  |  |  |  |  | 130  |  | 130  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  | 2437  | 2480  | 1234  | 573  | 1097  |  | 7821  |
| Total SBL non-real estate | 46766  | 77209  | 30274  | 19337  | 5894  | 6580 |  | 186060 |
| SBL commercial mortgage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass  | 140314  | 84538  | 130233  | 84026  | 58524  | 140165 |  | 637800 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention |  |  | 528  | 1104  |  | 7690  |  | 9322  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  |  | 1380  | 4942  | 163  | 4104  |  | 10589  |
| Total SBL commercial mortgage | 140314  | 84538  | 132141  | 90072  | 58687  | 151959 |  | 657711 |
| SBL construction  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass  | 12392  | 13846  | 2899  | 3609  |  |  |  | 32746  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  |  |  | 1229  |  | 710  |  | 1939  |
| Total SBL construction | 12392  | 13846  | 2899  | 4838  |  | 710  |  | 34685  |
|  | . |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Direct lease financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-rated | 5184  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5184  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass  | 271791  | 193663  | 136601  | 45594  | 15846  | 4269  |  | 667764  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention | 1866  | 2294  | 2618  | 1783  | 73  | 83  |  | 8717  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard | 3892  | 6657  | 6462  | 1733  | 92  | 52  |  | 18888  |
| Total direct lease financing | 282733  | 202614  | 145681  | 49110  | 16011  | 4404  |  | 700553  |
| SBLOC/IBLOC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-rated |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3466  | 3466  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1559614  | 1559614  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  |  |  |  |  |  | 938  | 938  |
| Total SBLOC/IBLOC |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1564018  | 1564018  |
| Advisor financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass | 84414  | 84908  | 54064  | 22560  | 18588  |  |  | 264534  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention |  |  | 1021  | 8341  |  |  |  | 9362  |
| Total advisor financing | 84414  | 84908  | 55085  | 30901  | 18588  |  |  | 273896  |
| Real estate bridge lending |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass | 432609  | 418326  | 761331  | 278031  |  |  |  | 1890297  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention | 16913  |  | 36318  | 31153  |  |  |  | 84384  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard | 54485  |  | 55947  | 23928  |  |  |  | 134360  |
| Total real estate bridge lending | 504007  | 418326  | 853596  | 333112  |  |  |  | 2109041  |
| Fintech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-rated | 18119  |  |  |  |  |  | 436025  | 454144  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Substandard |  |  |  |  |  |  | 213  | 213  |
| Total fintech | 18119  |  |  |  |  |  | 436238  | 454357  |
| Other loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-rated | 1187  |  |  |  |  | 10394  |  | 11581  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pass  | 66267  | 163  | 256  | 351  | 2606  | 37133 | 1381  | 108157 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Special mention |  |  |  |  |  | 232  |  | 232  |
| Total other loans<sup>(1)</sup> | 67454  | 163  | 256  | 351  | 2606  | 47759 | 1381  | 119970 |
| Total | $1156199  | $881604  | $1219932  | $527721  | $101786  | $211412  | $2001637  | $6100291  |
| Unamortized loan fees and costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13337  |
| Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $6113628  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Included in Other loans are $8.6 million of SBA loans purchased for CRA purposes as of December 31, 2024. These loans are classified as SBL in the Company's loan table, which classifies loans by type, as opposed to risk characteristics.

------

In the above tables, the special mention classification indicates weaknesses that may, if not cured, threaten the borrower's future repayment ability. A substandard classification reflects an existing weakness indicating the possible inadequacy of net worth and other repayment sources. These classifications are used both by regulators and peers, as they have been correlated with an increased probability of credit losses.

A detail of the changes in the ACL by loan category and summary of loans evaluated individually and collectively for credit deterioration is as follows (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** |
|  | SBL non-real estate | SBL commercial mortgage | SBL construction | Direct lease financing  | SBLOC / IBLOC | Advisor financing | Real estate bridge lending | Fintech | Other loans | Deferred fees and costs | Total |
| Beginning 1/1/2025 | $4972  | $3203  | $342  | $13125  | $1195  | $2054  | $6603  | $12909  | $450  | $— | $44853  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs<sup>(1)</sup> | (785) |  | (221) | (4750) |  |  |  | (195644) | (1008) |  | (202408) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries | 85  |  | 4  | 793  |  |  |  | 44578  | 20  |  | 45480  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Provision (credit)<sup>(1)</sup> | 2065  | (85) | 110  | 6507  | (154) | 153  | (654) | 169294  | 1039  |  | 178275  |
| Ending balance | $6337  | $3118  | $235  | $15675  | $1041  | $2207  | $5949  | $31137  | $501  | $— | $66200  |
| Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Individually evaluated  | $963  | $801  | $35  | $4211  | $207  | $— | $— | $— | $— | $— | $6217  |
| Collectively evaluated  | 5374  | 2317  | 200  | 11464  | 834  | 2207  | 5949  | 31137  | 501  |  | 59983  |
| Total allowance | $6337  | $3118  | $235  | $15675  | $1041  | $2207  | $5949  | $31137  | $501  | $— | $66200  |
| Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Individually evaluated  | $8639  | $21977  | $2660  | $12066  | $446  | $— | $9755  | $— | $142  | $— | $55685  |
| Collectively evaluated  | 226643  | 727257  | 19722  | 673356  | 1669539  | 294236  | 2179197  | 1097998  | 157274  | 15769  | 7060991  |
| Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs | $235282  | $749234  | $22382  | $685422  | $1669985  | $294236  | $2188952  | $1097998  | $157416  | $15769  | $7116676  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Lending agreements related to fintech loans resulted in the Company recording a $169.3 million provision for credit losses and a correlated amount of increases to the credit enhancement asset in non-interest income, resulting in no impact to net income.

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** |
|  | SBL non-real estate | SBL commercial mortgage | SBL construction | Direct lease financing  | SBLOC / IBLOC | Advisor financing | Real estate bridge lending | Fintech | Other loans | Deferred fees and costs | Total |
| Beginning 1/1/2024 | $6059  | $2820  | $285  | $10454  | $813  | $1662  | $4740  | $— | $545  | $— | $27378  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs<sup>(1)</sup> | (708) |  |  | (4575) |  |  |  | (19619) | (18) |  | (24920) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries | 229  |  |  | 318  |  |  |  | 1877  | 1  |  | 2425  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Provision (credit)<sup>(1)</sup> | (608) | 383  | 57  | 6928  | 382  | 392  | 1863  | 30651  | (78) |  | 39970  |
| Ending balance | $4972  | $3203  | $342  | $13125  | $1195  | $2054  | $6603  | $12909  | $450  | $— | $44853  |
| Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Individually evaluated  | $403  | $1039  | $118  | $2377  | $413  | $— | $— | $— | $— | $— | $4350  |
| Collectively evaluated  | 4569  | 2164  | 224  | 10748  | 782  | 2054  | 6603  | 12909  | 450  |  | 40503  |
| Total allowance | $4972  | $3203  | $342  | $13125  | $1195  | $2054  | $6603  | $12909  | $450  | $— | $44853  |
| Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Individually evaluated  | $2693  | $4885  | $1585  | $6026  | $503  | $— | $12300  | $— | $219  | $— | $28211  |
| Collectively evaluated  | 187629  | 657206  | 33100  | 694527  | 1563515  | 273896  | 2096741  | 454357  | 111109  | 13337  | 6085417  |
| Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs | $190322  | $662091  | $34685  | $700553  | $1564018  | $273896  | $2109041  | $454357  | $111328  | $13337  | $6113628  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Lending agreements related to fintech loans resulted in the Company recording a $30.7 million provision for credit losses and a correlated amount of increases to the credit enhancement asset in non-interest income, resulting in no impact to net income.

------

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2023** | **December 31, 2023** | **December 31, 2023** | **December 31, 2023** | **December 31, 2023** | **December 31, 2023** | **December 31, 2023** | **December 31, 2023** | **December 31, 2023** | **December 31, 2023** | **December 31, 2023** |
|  | SBL non-real estate | SBL commercial mortgage | SBL construction | Direct lease financing  | SBLOC / IBLOC | Advisor financing | Real estate bridge lending | Fintech | Other loans | Deferred fees and costs | Total |
| Beginning 1/1/2023 | $5028  | $2585  | $565  | $7972  | $1167  | $1293  | $3121  | $— | $643  | $— | $22374  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs | (871) | (76) |  | (3666) | (24) |  |  |  | (3) |  | (4640) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries | 475  | 75  |  | 330  |  |  |  |  | 299  |  | 1179  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Provision (credit) | 1427  | 236  | (280) | 5818  | (330) | 369  | 1619  |  | (394) |  | 8465  |
| Ending balance | $6059  | $2820  | $285  | $10454  | $813  | $1662  | $4740  | $— | $545  | $— | $27378  |
| Allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Individually evaluated  | $670  | $343  | $44  | $1827  | $— | $— | $— | $— | $4  | $— | $2888  |
| Collectively evaluated  | 5389  | 2477  | 241  | 8627  | 813  | 1662  | 4740  |  | 541  |  | 24490  |
| Total allowance | $6059  | $2820  | $285  | $10454  | $813  | $1662  | $4740  | $— | $545  | $— | $27378  |
| Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Individually evaluated  | $1919  | $2381  | $3385  | $3785  | $— | $— | $— | $— | $362  | $— | $11832  |
| Collectively evaluated  | 135833  | 604605  | 19242  | 681872  | 1627285  | 221612  | 1999782  | 311  | 49965  | 8800  | 5349307  |
| Total loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs | $137752  | $606986  | $22627  | $685657  | $1627285  | $221612  | $1999782  | $311  | $50327  | $8800  | $5361139  |

---

Total net charge-offs increased $134.4 million, to $156.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, from $22.5 million for 2024. The increase in charge-offs is driven by growth in consumer fintech, which have a $133.3 million increase in net-charge offs. Fintech lending started significant activity in the fourth quarter of 2024, and such loans have a higher expected loss rate then the remainder of our loan portfolio. Losses on consumer fintech loans are covered by credit enhancement agreements as discussed further above under "*Allowance for credit loss—Consumer fintech loans".*

Excluding consumer fintech, net charge-offs on the remaining portfolio were $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.

‎

------

A summary of the Company's net charge-offs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, classified by portfolio segment and year of origination are as follows (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31, 2025** | **Year ended December 31, 2025** | **Year ended December 31, 2025** | **Year ended December 31, 2025** | **Year ended December 31, 2025** | **Year ended December 31, 2025** | **Year ended December 31, 2025** | **Year ended December 31, 2025** |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | Prior | Revolving loans at amortized cost | Total |
| SBL non-real estate  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs | $— | $(137) | $— | $(294) | $— | $(354) | $— | $(785) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries |  | 14  | 1  | 13  | 7  | 50  |  | 85  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs |  | (123) | 1  | (281) | 7  | (304) |  | (700) |
| SBL construction  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs |  |  |  |  | (221) |  |  | (221) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries |  |  |  |  | 4  |  |  | 4  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs |  |  |  |  | (217) |  |  | (217) |
| Direct lease financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs | (25) | (279) | (2352) | (1626) | (454) | (14) |  | (4750) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries |  | 23  | 163  | 446  | 158  | 3  |  | 793  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs | (25) | (256) | (2189) | (1180) | (296) | (11) |  | (3957) |
| Fintech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs | (9474) | (2263) |  |  |  |  | (183907) | (195644) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries | 590  | 334  |  |  |  |  | 43654  | 44578  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs | (8884) | (1929) |  |  |  |  | (140253) | (151066) |
| Other loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs |  |  |  |  |  | (1008) |  | (1008) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries |  |  |  |  |  | 15  | 5  | 20  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs |  |  |  |  |  | (993) | 5  | (988) |
| Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs | (9499) | (2679) | (2352) | (1920) | (675) | (1376) | (183907) | (202408) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries | 590  | 371  | 164  | 459  | 169  | 68  | 43659  | 45480  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs | $(8909) | $(2308) | $(2188) | $(1461) | $(506) | $(1308) | $(140248) | $(156928) |

---

------

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year ended December 31, 2024** | **Year ended December 31, 2024** | **Year ended December 31, 2024** | **Year ended December 31, 2024** | **Year ended December 31, 2024** | **Year ended December 31, 2024** | **Year ended December 31, 2024** | **Year ended December 31, 2024** |
|  | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Prior | Revolving loans at amortized cost | Total |
| SBL non-real estate  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs | $(14) | $(53) | $(149) | $(101) | $(320) | $(71) | $— | $(708) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries |  | 7  |  | 7  | 63  | 152  |  | 229  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs | (14) | (46) | (149) | (94) | (257) | 81  |  | (479) |
| Direct lease financing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs | (3) | (744) | (2739) | (1015) | (61) | (13) |  | (4575) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries |  | 39  | 177  | 85  | 8  | 9  |  | 318  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs | (3) | (705) | (2562) | (930) | (53) | (4) |  | (4257) |
| Fintech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (19619) | (19619) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1877  | 1877  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (17742) | (17742) |
| Other loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs |  | (6) |  |  |  | (12) |  | (18) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries |  |  |  |  |  | 1  |  | 1  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs |  | (6) |  |  |  | (11) |  | (17) |
| Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charge-offs | (17) | (803) | (2888) | (1116) | (381) | (96) | (19619) | (24920) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recoveries |  | 46  | 177  | 92  | 71  | 162  | 1877  | 2425  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net charge-offs | $(17) | $(757) | $(2711) | $(1024) | $(310) | $66  | $(17742) | $(22495) |

---

**Direct lease financing**

The Company provides lease financing for commercial and government vehicle fleets and, to a lesser extent, provides lease financing for other equipment. Leases are either open-end or closed-end. An open-end lease is one in which, at the end of the lease term, the lessee must pay the difference between the amount at which the Company sells the leased asset and the stated termination value. Termination value is a contractual value agreed to by the parties at the inception of a lease as to the value of the leased asset at the end of the lease term. A closed-end lease is one for which no such payment is due on lease termination. In a closed-end lease, the risk that the amount received on a sale of the leased asset will be less than the residual value is assumed by the Bank, as lessor.

The scheduled undiscounted cash flows of the direct financing leases reconciled to the total lease receivables as of December 31, 2025 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 2026 | $238574 |
| 2027 | 160408 |
| 2028 | 87947 |
| 2029 | 47154 |
| 2030 | 16775 |
| 2031 and thereafter  | 3836 |
| Total undiscounted cash flows | 554694 |
| Residual value<sup>(1)</sup> | 220231 |
| Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows | (89503) |
| Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivables | $685422 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Of the total residual value, $45.1 million is not guaranteed by the lessee or other guarantors.

‎

------

**Note 6—Premises and Equipment** 

Premises and equipment are as follows (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | December 31,  | December 31,  |
|  | Estimated  |  |  |
|  | useful lives  | 2025 | 2024 |
| Land | - | $1732  | $1732  |
| Buildings | 39 years | 3436  | 3436  |
| Furniture, fixtures, and equipment  | 2 to 12 years  | 57957 | 60503 |
| Leasehold improvements  | 6 to 15 years | 20181 | 20820 |
|  |  | 83306 | 86491 |
| Accumulated depreciation  |  | (53472) | (58925) |
|  |  | $29834 | $27566 |

---

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $4.6 million, $4.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively.

**Note 7—Intangible Assets, net** 

Intangible assets recognized in other assets were $856,000 and $1.3 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

In May 2016, the Company purchased approximately $60.0 million of lease receivables which resulted in a customer list intangible of $3.4 million that is being amortized over a ten-year period. Remaining amortization is $113,000 to be recognized over the next three months. The gross carrying amount of the customer list intangible is $3.4 million, and as of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, the accumulated amortization expense was $3.3 million and $3.0 million.

In January 2020, the Company purchased McMahon Leasing and subsidiaries for approximately $8.7 million which resulted in $1.1 million of intangibles. The gross carrying value of $1.1 million of intangibles was comprised of a customer list intangible of $689,000, goodwill of $263,000 and a trade name valuation of $135,000. The customer list intangible is being amortized over a twelve-year period and accumulated amortization expense was $345,000 at December 31, 2025 and $287,000 at December 31, 2024. Amortization expense is $57,000 per year ($287,000 over the next five years).

The gross carrying value and accumulated amortization related to the Company's intangibles at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are presented below:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31,  | December 31,  | December 31,  | December 31,  |
|  | 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2024 |
|  | Gross |  | Gross |  |
|  | Carrying | Accumulated | Carrying | Accumulated |
|  | Amount | Amortization | Amount | Amortization |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Customer list intangibles | $4093  | $3635  | $4093  | $3237  |
| Goodwill  | 263  |  | 263  |  |
| Trade Name | 135  |  | 135  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total  | $4491  | $3635  | $4491  | $3237  |

---

The approximate future annual amortization of both the Company's intangible items are as follows (dollars in thousands):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Year ending December 31,  |  |
| 2026 | $173  |
| 2027 | 57  |
| 2028 | 57  |
| 2029 | 57  |
| 2030 | 57  |
| Thereafter | 57  |
|  | $458  |

---

------

**Note 8—Debt**

The Company's debt and borrowing arrangements consist of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, | December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term borrowings | $199000  | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Senior debt: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Senior notes due 2025 | $— | $100000  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Senior notes due 2030 | 200000  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repurchased notes |  | (3579) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Debt issuance costs | (3747) | (207) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Senior debt, net | $196253  | $96214  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Subordinated debentures | $13401  | $13401  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other long-term borrowings | $13712  | $14081  |

---

Assets pledged as collateral that are not available to pay the Company's general obligations as of December 31, 2025 consisted of $4.68 billion of loans held for investment at amortized cost and $257.3 million of investment securities that were pledged for short-term-borrowing agreements. In addition, there were $13.7 million of loans held for investment at amortized cost that were pledged for long-term borrowings at December 31, 2025.

**Short-term borrowings**

The FHLB and FRB lines are periodically utilized to manage liquidity. The amount of loans and securities pledged varies and the collateral may be unpledged at any time to the extent the collateral exceeds advances. As of December 31, 2025, based on the amount of loans and securities pledged, as outlined above, total capacity was $3.39 billion, there was $199.0 million borrowed and $3.19 billion available capacity.

**Senior Debt**

On August 18, 2025, the Company completed the offering and sale of $200.0 million aggregate principal of 7.375% Senior Notes due 2030 (the "Senior Notes due 2030"). The notes mature on September 1, 2030, and interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 each year. The notes are redeemable in whole or in part beginning on or after the 30<sup>th</sup> day prior to the maturity date. The Senior Notes due 2030 are the Company's direct, unsecured and unsubordinated obligations and rank in equal priority with all of the Company's existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, and senior in right of payment to all the Company's existing and future subordinated indebtedness.

In August 2025, the Company used the proceeds of this issuance to repay at maturity the outstanding principal of the 4.75% Senior Notes due 2025 (the "Senior Notes due 2025"). The remainder of the net proceeds were used to fund the Company's share repurchase program and for general corporate purposes.

**Subordinated Debentures**

As of December 31, 2025, the Company held two statutory business trusts: The Bancorp Capital Trust II and The Bancorp Capital Trust III (the "Trusts"). In each case, the Company owns all the common securities of the Trust. The Trusts issued preferred capital securities to investors and invested the proceeds in the Company through the purchase of junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company (the "2038 Debentures"). The 2038 Debentures are the sole assets of the Trusts. The $10.3 million of 2038 Debentures issued to The Bancorp Capital Trust II and the $3.1 million of 2038 Debentures issued to The Bancorp Capital Trust III were both issued on November 28, 2007, mature on March 15, 2038 and bear interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 3.51%.

As of December 31, 2025, the Trusts qualify as VIEs under ASC 810, *Consolidation*. However, the Company is not considered the primary beneficiary and, therefore, the Trusts are not consolidated in the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Trusts are accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

------

**Other Long-Term Borrowings**

Long-term borrowings consist of sold loans that are accounted for as secured borrowings, because they did not qualify for true sale accounting.

**Note 9—Income Taxes** 

The Company operates in the United States and is subject to corporate net income taxes for federal and state purposes. The components of income tax expense included in the statements of continuing operations are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the years ended  | For the years ended  | For the years ended  |
|  | December 31,  | December 31,  | December 31,  |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Current tax provision  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal  | $70206  | $54569  | $55314  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;State  | 13864  | 17730  | 14845  |
|  | 84070  | 72299  | 70159  |
| Deferred tax provision (benefit)  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal  | (8318) | 2272  | (4925) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;State  | (928) | 45  | (756) |
|  | (9246) | 2317  | (5681) |
|  | $74824  | $74616  | $64478  |

---

The specific categories in the rate reconciliation and additional information for reconciling items are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the year ended | For the year ended |
|  | December 31, | December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2025 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Federal statutory tax rate | $63638 | 21.0% |
| State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect<sup>(1)</sup> | 9757  | 3.2% |
| Nontaxable or nondeductible items |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Excess tax benefits from vesting or settlement of stock compensation awards | (5381) | (1.8%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Limitation on executive compensation | 6501  | 2.2% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other | (714) | (0.2%) |
| Other | 1023  | 0.3% |
|  | $74824  | 24.7% |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> State taxes in Florida, South Dakota, and New York made up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category.

The differences between applicable income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations and the amounts computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% for 2024 and 2023, are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the years ended | For the years ended |
|  | December 31, | December 31, |
|  | 2024 | 2023 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Computed tax expense at statutory rate  | $61353  | $53923  |
| State taxes  | 12011  | 10885  |
| Tax-exempt interest income | (766) | (459) |
| Meals and entertainment | 57  | 82  |
| Other net nondeductible (deductible) items | 1281  | (49) |
| Other  | 680  | 96  |
|  | $74616  | $64478  |

---

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Income taxes paid, net of refunds received, is disaggregated by federal and state jurisdictions as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | For the year ended |
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2025 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Tax summary |  |
| Federal | $63500 |
| State: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Delaware | (4279) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 10599  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;State subtotal | $6320  |
| Total cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds) | $69820 |

---

Deferred income taxes are provided for the temporary difference between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company's assets and liabilities. Cumulative temporary differences recognized in the financial statement of position are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the years ended | For the years ended |
|  | December 31, | December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Deferred tax assets:  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Allowance for credit losses  | $16621  | $8526  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-accrual interest | 3569  | 1993  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred compensation  | 728  | 747  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Nonqualified stock options  | 2023  | 1623  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Capital loss limitations | 4255  | 5701  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Tax deductible goodwill | 627  | 682  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities | 4887  | 5515  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized losses on investment securities available-for-sale  |  | 5909  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred income | 299  | 225  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 912  | 1044  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total gross deferred tax assets  | 33921  | 31965  |
| Federal and state valuation allowance | (4255) | (5701) |
| Deferred tax liabilities:  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 2842  | 2140  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized gain on investment securities available-for-sale  | 3532  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right of use asset | 4613  | 5250  |
| Total deferred tax liabilities  | 10987  | 7390  |
| Net deferred tax asset  | $18679  | $18874  |

---

The table below presents the changes in the Company's valuation allowance:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the years ended | For the years ended |
|  | December 31, | December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
|  | (in thousands) | (in thousands) |
| Beginning balance at January 1 | $5701  | $6280  |
| Allowances written off | (1446) | (579) |
| Valuation allowance at December 31 | $4255  | $5701  |

---

Management assesses all available positive and negative evidence to determine whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to recognize the existing deferred tax assets. If that threshold is not met, a valuation allowance is established against the deferred tax asset. The federal and state valuation allowance at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, was $4.3 million and $5.7 million and resulted from Walnut Street assets, primarily because related capital losses will likely be non-deductible. Walnut Street reflected the Bank's prior investment in an entity through which a portion of its discontinued loan portfolio was sold.

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, or 2023 there were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts of interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits have been recognized.

------

Tax years after 2022 remain subject to examination by the federal authorities, and tax years 2021 and after remain subject to examination by most state tax authorities.

On July 4, 2025, the United States enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025 (the "Act"). The Act includes, among other provisions, changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system, including permanent extensions of certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The Act contains multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective beginning in calendar year 2025 and others phased in through calendar year 2027. Based on the Company's current analysis of the Act's provisions, the Company does not expect the Act to have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

**Note 10—Fair Value** 

ASC 820, *Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures* ("ASC 820"), defines fair value as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).

Level 1 valuation is based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities to which the Company has access at the measurement date.

Level 2 valuation is based on other observable inputs for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. This includes quoted prices for similar assets in active or inactive markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability such as yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, default rates, or inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated through, observable market data by market-corroborated reports.

Level 3 valuation is based on "unobservable inputs" which the Company believes is the best information available in the circumstances.

A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

**Recurring Measurements**

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, segregated by fair value hierarchy, are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
|  | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| **Investment securities, available-for-sale** |  |  |  |  |
| Investment securities, available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. Government agency securities | $25109  | $— | $25109  | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Asset-backed securities | 234101  |  | 234101  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 28563  |  | 28563  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Residential mortgage-backed securities | 464323  |  | 464323  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Collateralized mortgage obligation securities | 57580  |  | 57580  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 862074  |  | 862074  |  |
| Total investment securities, available-for-sale | 1671750  |  | 1671750  |  |
| **Commercial loans, at fair value** | 139389  |  |  | 139389  |
| **Credit enhancement asset** | 31138  |  | 31138  |  |
|  | $1842277  | $— | $1702888  | $139389  |

---

------

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| **Investment securities, available-for-sale** |  |  |  |  |
| Investment securities, available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. Government agency securities | $29962  | $— | $29962  | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Asset-backed securities | 214499  |  | 214499  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 35620  |  | 35620  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Residential mortgage-backed securities | 433419  |  | 433419  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Collateralized mortgage obligation securities | 26152  |  | 26152  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 763208  |  | 759746  | 3462  |
| Total investment securities, available-for-sale | 1502860  |  | 1499398  | 3462  |
| **Commercial loans, at fair value** | 223115  |  |  | 223115  |
| **Credit enhancement asset** | 12909  |  | 12909  |  |
|  | $1738884  | $— | $1512307  | $226577  |

---

*Investment securities, available for sale, at fair value.* The estimated Level 2 fair values of investment securities are based on quoted market prices, if available, or estimated independently by a third-party pricing service based upon their matrix pricing technique. Level 3 investment securities relate to commercial mortgage-backed securities that were issued by CRE-2, that were fully repaid in 2025. Fair values for Level 3 investments is based on the present valuing of cash flows, which discounts expected cash flows from principal and interest using yield to maturity, or yield to call as appropriate, at the measurement date.

*Commercial loans, at fair value* are comprised primarily of commercial real estate bridge loans and SBA loans which had been originated for sale or securitization in the secondary market, and which are now being held for investment. Commercial real estate bridge loans and SBA loans are valued using a discounted cash flow analysis based upon pricing for similar loans where market indications of the sales price of such loans are not available. SBA loans are valued on a pooled basis and commercial real estate bridge loans are valued individually.

*Credit enhancement asset* has a carrying value that approximates fair value.

Activity in Level 3 instruments is summarized below (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Investment | Investment | Commercial loans, | Commercial loans, |
|  | securities  | securities  | at fair value | at fair value |
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 |
| Beginning balance | $3462  | $12071  | $223115  | $332766  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Transfers to OREO |  |  |  | (2863) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total net (losses) or gains (realized/unrealized) |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Included in earnings<sup>(1)</sup> |  |  | 1815  | 3016  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Included in earnings (included in credit loss) |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Included in other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 503  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases, advances, sales and settlements |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advances |  |  | 3651  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Settlements | (3462) | (9112) | (89192) | (109804) |
| Ending balance | $— | $3462  | $139389  | $223115  |
| Total losses year-to-date included |  |  |  |  |
| in earnings attributable to the change in |  |  |  |  |
| unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still |  |  |  |  |
| held at the reporting date as shown above. | $— | $— | $— | $(683) |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> For commercial loans at fair value, gains or losses are recognized in Non-interest income—Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Information related to the valuation of Level 3 instruments is as follows (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Fair value at |  |  |  |  |
|  | December 31, 2025 | Valuation techniques | Unobservable inputs | Range | Weighted average |
| Commercial loans, at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial - SBA | $68374  | Discounted cash flow | Discount rate | 5.73% | 5.73% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-SBA commercial real estate | 71015  | Discounted cash flow and appraisal | Discount rate | 6.50%-8.98% | 6.94% |
|  | $139389  |  |  |  |  |

---

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---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Fair value at |  |  |  |  |
|  | December 31, 2024 | Valuation techniques | Unobservable inputs | Range | Weighted average |
| Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial mortgage-backed investment security | $3462  | Discounted cash flow | Discount rate | 9.45% | 9.45% |
| Commercial loans, at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial - SBA | $89902  | Discounted cash flow | Discount rate | 6.77% | 6.77% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-SBA commercial real estate | 133213  | Discounted cash flow and appraisal | Discount rate | 6.80%-11.50% | 8.77% |
|  | $223115  |  |  |  |  |

---

The valuations for each of the instruments above are subject to judgments, assumptions and uncertainties, changes in which could have a significant impact on such valuations. Weighted averages were calculated by using the discount rate for each individual security or loan weighted by its market value, except for SBA loans. For SBA loans, the yield derived from market pricing indications for comparable pools determined by date of loan origination. For commercial loans recorded at fair value, changes in fair value are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Unrealized changes in the fair value of securities which are unrelated to credit are recorded through other comprehensive income. Further discussion of the December 31, 2025 measurements follows:

*Commercial – SBA* loans are comprised of the government guaranteed portion of SBA-insured loans. Their valuation is based upon the yield derived from dealer pricing indications for guaranteed pools, adjusted for seasoning and prepayments. A limited number of broker-dealers originate the pooled securities for which the loans are purchased and as a result, prices can fluctuate based on such limited market demand, although the government guarantee has resulted in consistent historical demand. Valuations are impacted by prepayment assumptions resulting from both voluntary payoffs and defaults. Such assumptions for these seasoned loans are based on a seasoning vector for constant prepayment rates from 3% to 30% over life.

*Non-SBA commercial real estate* loans are primarily bridge loans designed to provide property owners time and funding for property improvements. They are fair valued by a third-party, based upon a discounted cash flow analysis us. Discount rates used in the discounted cash flow analysis are based upon loan terms, the general level of interest rates and the quality of the credit.

**Non-Recurring Measurements**

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |
|  | Fair value |  |  |  |
|  | December 31, 2025 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| Loans, net: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Collateral dependent loans with specific reserves | $15190  | $— | $— | $15190  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other real estate owned | 60695  |  |  | 60695  |
|  | $75885  | $— | $— | $75885  |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |
|  | Fair value |  |  |  |
|  | December 31, 2024 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| Loans, net: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Collateral dependent loans with specific reserves | $6587  | $— | $— | $6587  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other real estate owned | 62025  |  |  | 62025  |
|  | $68612  | $— | $— | $68612  |

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Loans recorded at amortized cost that are in non-accrual status are treated as collateral dependent to the extent they have resulted from borrower financial difficulty (and not from administrative delays or other mitigating factors) and are not brought current.

At December 31, 2025, the Company's basis in the non-accrual loans, or the loan principal of $21.4 million was reduced by specific reserves of $6.2 million within the ACL as of that date, representing the deficiency between principal and estimated collateral values, which were reduced by estimated costs to sell. When the deficiency is deemed uncollectible, it is charged off by reducing the specific

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reserve and decreasing principal. Valuation techniques consistent with the market and/or cost approach were used to measure fair value and primarily included observable inputs for the individual loans being evaluated such as recent sales of similar collateral or observable market data for operational or carrying costs. In cases where such inputs were unobservable, the loan balance is reflected within the Level 3 hierarchy.

For OREO, fair value is based upon appraisals of the underlying collateral by third-party appraisers, reduced by 7% to 10% for estimated selling costs. Such appraisals reflect estimates of amounts realizable upon property sales based on the sale of comparable properties and other factors. Actual sales prices may vary based upon the identification of potential purchasers, changing conditions in local real estate markets and the level of interest rates required to finance purchases.

The Company's year-to-date OREO activity is summarized below (dollars in thousands):

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 |
| Beginning balance | $62025  | $16949  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Transfer from loans, net | 1978  | 42120  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total realized net gains included in earnings: Non-interest expense - other<sup>(1)</sup> | 754  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Transfer from commercial loans, at fair value |  | 2863  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Advances | 2142  | 1695  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sales | (6204) | (1602) |
| Ending balance | $60695  | $62025  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Recognized in Non-interest expense - Other in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

**Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments**

The Company determines estimates of fair value for other financial instruments for disclosure purposes only, as follows:

Carrying value of certain instruments approximates fair value, due to the short-term or highly liquid nature of such instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, stock in FRB, FHLB and ACBB, accrued interest receivable, demand and interest checking, savings and money market, and other liabilities - accrued interest payable.

Loans, net have an estimated fair value using the present value of future cash flows. The discount rate used in these calculations is the estimated current market rate adjusted for credit risk.

Other long-term borrowings resulting from sold loans which did not qualify for true sale accounting are presented in the amount of the principal of such loans.

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The following tables provide information regarding carrying amounts and estimated fair values of all the Company's financial instruments (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
|  | Carrying | Estimated |  |  |  |
|  | amount | fair value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| **ASSETS:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment securities, available-for-sale | $1671750  | $1671750  | $— | $1671750  | $— |
| Commercial loans, at fair value  | 139389  | 139389  |  |  | 139389  |
| Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs | 7116676  | 7073348  |  |  | 7073348  |
| FRB, FHLB and ACBB stock | 25205  | 25205  |  |  | 25205  |
| Accrued interest receivable | 43090  | 43090  |  | 43090  |  |
| Credit enhancement asset | 31138  | 31138  |  | 31138  |  |
| **LIABILITIES:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Demand and interest checking | 7827037  | 7827037  |  | 7827037  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Savings and money market  | 338459  | 338459  |  | 338459  |  |
| Short-term borrowings | 199000  | 199000  |  | 199000  |  |
| Senior debt | 196253  | 202503  |  | 202503  |  |
| Subordinated debentures  | 13401  | 11220  |  |  | 11220  |
| Other long-term borrowings | 13712  | 13712  |  | 13712  |  |
| **Other liabilities:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Accrued interest payable | 6802  | 6802  |  | 6802  |  |

---

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Carrying | Estimated |  |  |  |
|  | amount | fair value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| **ASSETS:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment securities, available-for-sale | $1502860  | $1502860  | $— | $1499398  | $3462  |
| Commercial loans, at fair value  | 223115  | 223115  |  |  | 223115  |
| Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs | 6113628  | 5998293  |  |  | 5998293  |
| FRB, FHLB and ACBB stock | 15642  | 15642  |  |  | 15642  |
| Accrued interest receivable | 41713  | 41713  |  | 41713  |  |
| Credit enhancement asset | 12909  | 12909  |  | 12909  |  |
| **LIABILITIES:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Demand and interest checking | 7434212  | 7434212  |  | 7434212  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Savings and money market  | 311834  | 311834  |  | 311834  |  |
| Senior debt | 96214  | 99000  |  | 99000  |  |
| Subordinated debentures  | 13401  | 11320  |  |  | 11320  |
| Other long-term borrowings | 14081  | 14081  |  | 14081  |  |
| **Other liabilities:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Accrued interest payable | 2612  | 2612  |  | 2612  |  |

---

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**Note 11—Shareholders' Equity** 

As a means of returning capital to shareholders, the Company implemented the stock repurchase programs described below. Under the repurchase programs, the Company intends to repurchase shares through open market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions, block purchases or otherwise in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act").

The planned amounts of repurchases are generally determined in the fourth quarter of the preceding year by assessing the impact of budgetary earnings projections on regulatory capital requirements. The excess of projected earnings over amounts required to maintain capital requirements is the maximum available for capital return to shareholders, barring any need to retain capital for other purposes. A significant portion of such excess earnings has been utilized for stock repurchases in the amounts noted above, while cash dividends have not been paid. In determining whether capital is returned through stock repurchases or cash dividends, the Company calculates a maximum share repurchase price, based upon comparisons with what it concludes to be other exemplar peer share price valuations, with further consideration of internal growth projections. As these share prices, which are updated at least annually, have not been reached, capital return has consisted solely of stock repurchases. Exemplar share price comparisons are based upon multiples of earnings per share over time, with further consideration of returns on equity and assets. While repurchase amounts are planned in the fourth quarter of the preceding year, repurchases may be modified or terminated at any time, should capital need to be conserved.

**2024 Repurchase Program**

On October 26, 2023, the Board approved a common stock repurchase program for the 2024 fiscal year (the "2024 Repurchase Program") of up to $250.0 million. Under the 2024 Repurchase Program, during the year ended December 31, 2024 the Company repurchased 6,237,270 shares of common stock at an average price of $40.08 per share. Excise tax for 2024 was $2.4 million.

**2025 Repurchase Program** 

On October 23, 2024, the Board approved a common stock repurchase program for the 2025 fiscal year (the "2025 Repurchase Program"), which authorizes the Company to repurchase $37.5 million in value of the Company's common stock per fiscal quarter in 2025, for a maximum amount of $150.0 million. On July 7, 2025, the Board authorized the increase of the capacity of the Company's existing share repurchase program for the third and fourth quarters of 2025 to $300.0 million.

Under the 2025 Repurchase Program, during the year ended December 31, 2025 the Company repurchased 5,645,914 shares of its common stock in the open market at an average price of $66.42 per share. Excise tax for 2025 was $3.3 million.

**2026 Repurchase Plan**

On July 7, 2025, the Board authorized a share repurchase program of up to $200.0 million for 2026 (the "2026 Repurchase Plan").

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**Note 12—Benefit Plans**

**401 (k) Plan** 

The Company maintains a 401(k) savings plan covering substantially all employees of the Company. Under the plan, the Company matches 50% of the employee contributions for all participants, not to exceed 6% of their salary. Contributions made by the Company were approximately $2.5 million, $2.4 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively and are reflected in salaries and employee benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

**Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan** 

In 2005, the Company began contributing to a supplemental executive retirement plan for its former Chief Executive Officer that provides annual retirement benefits of $25,000 per month until death. There were $300,000 of disbursements under the plan in each of 2025, 2024 and 2023. The actuarial assumptions as of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 reflected respective discount rates of 4.62%, 5.11% and 4.56% with a monthly benefit of $25,000. Projected payouts for years one, two, three, four, and five are $300,000, $279,000, $263,000, $246,000, and $228,000, respectively, and $855,000 for the subsequent five years. The Company adjusts its related liability to actuarially derived estimates of lifetime payouts based upon actuarial tables as follows: SOA Pri-2012 Amount-Weighted White Collar Retiree Mortality Table with Mortality Improvement Scale MP-2021. The Company's related expense was $300,000 for each of the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had accrued $3.0 million for potential future payouts.

**Note 13—Stock-Based Compensation** 

The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs") in accordance with ASC 718, *Stock Compensation*. The fair value of the option or RSU is generally measured on the grant date with compensation expense recognized over the service period, which is usually the stated vesting period. For options subject to a service condition, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of such options on the date of grant. The Black-Scholes model takes into consideration the exercise price and expected life of the options, the current price of the underlying stock and its expected volatility, the expected dividends on the stock and the current risk-free interest rate for the expected life of the option. The Company's estimate of the fair value of a stock option is based on expectations derived from historical experience and may not necessarily equate to its market value when fully vested. In accordance with ASC 718, the Company estimates the number of options for which the requisite service is expected to be rendered.

At December 31, 2025, the Company had three active stock-based compensation plans: The Bancorp, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2024 Plan"), The Bancorp, Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan"), and The Bancorp, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2018 Plan").

**The 2024 Plan** was adopted in May 2024. Employees and directors of the Company and the Bank and consultants (with restrictions) are eligible to participate in the 2024 Plan. Terms of options granted under the 2024 Plan may not exceed 10 years from the date of grant. Any employee or consultant who possesses more than 10% of voting power of all classes of stock of the Company, or any parent or subsidiary, may not have options with terms exceeding five years from the date of grant. An aggregate of 2,370,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2024 Plan and 1,988,687 remains. RSUs may also be granted under the 2024 Plan, with conditions similar to those for options.

**The 2020 Plan** was adopted in May 2020. Employees and directors of the Company and the Bank and consultants (with restrictions) are eligible to participate in the 2020 Plan. Terms of options granted under the 2020 Plan may not exceed 10 years from the date of grant. Any employee or consultant who possesses more than 10% of voting power of all classes of stock of the Company, or any parent or subsidiary, may not have options with terms exceeding five years from the date of grant. An aggregate of 3,300,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan, but none remain. RSUs may have also been granted under the 2020 Plan, with conditions similar to those for options.

------

**The 2018 Plan** was adopted in May 2018. Employees and directors of the Company and the Bank and consultants (with restrictions) are eligible to participate in the 2018 Plan. Terms of options granted under the 2018 Plan may not exceed 10 years from the date of grant. Any employee or consultant who possesses more than 10% of voting power of all classes of stock of the Company, or any parent or subsidiary, may not have options with terms exceeding five years from the date of grant. An aggregate of 1,700,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan, but none remain. RSUs may have also been granted under the 2018 Plan, with conditions similar to those for options.

As of December 31, 2025, there was a total of $20.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards under stock-based compensation plans. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.1 years. Related compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $19.6 million, $15.0 million and $11.4 million respectively, and the related tax benefits recognized were $4.1 million, $3.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

The total issuance date fair value of options that were exercised and RSUs which vested during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, 2023, was $15.3 million, $10.5 million, and $6.4 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of the options exercised and RSUs vested in 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $40.9 million, $14.8 million and $16.8 million, respectively.

**Stock Options**

A summary of the Company's stock options is presented below.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | Weighted-average  |  |
|  |  |  | remaining |  |
|  |  | Weighted-average | contractual | Aggregate  |
|  | Options | exercise price | term (years) | intrinsic value  |
|  | (Dollars in thousands except per share data) | (Dollars in thousands except per share data) | (Dollars in thousands except per share data) | (Dollars in thousands except per share data) |
| Outstanding at January 1, 2025 | 668293  | $17.30  | 6.12  | $23613391  |
| Granted | 32624  | 60.25  | 9.12  |  |
| Exercised | (300000) | 6.87  |  | 17198700  |
| Expired |  |  |  |  |
| Forfeited |  |  |  |  |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2025 | 400917  | 28.60  | 5.99  | 15606450  |
| Exercisable at December 31, 2025 | 280294  | $22.21  | 5.24  | $12699584  |

---

During 2025, the Company granted 32,624 stock options with a vesting period of four years and a weighted average grant-date fair value of $30.65. During 2024, the Company granted 45,616 stock options with a vesting period of four years and a weighted average grant-date fair value of $21.92. During 2023, the Company granted 57,573 stock options with a vesting period of four years and a weighted average grant-date fair value of $17.37. The total stock options exercised in 2025 and 2023 were 300,000 and 13,158, respectively. There were no common stock options exercised in 2024.

A summary of the Company's non-vested options under the Equity Plans as of December 31, 2025, and changes during 2025, is presented below:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | Weighted-average |
|  |  | grant date  |
|  | Options | fair value |
| Non-Vested at January 1, 2025 | 163796  | $16.26  |
| Granted  | 32624  | 30.65  |
| Vested  | (75797) | 14.03  |
| Expired  |  |  |
| Forfeited |  |  |
| Non-Vested at December 31, 2025 | 120623  | $21.55  |

---

------

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company estimated the fair value of each stock option grant on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes options pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.51% | 4.17% | 3.67% |
| Expected dividend yield |  |  |  |
| Expected volatility | 45.21% | 44.76% | 45.21% |
| Expected lives (years) | 6.3  | 6.3  | 6.3  |

---

Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's stock and peer group comparisons over the expected life of the option. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities ("STRIPS") rate in effect at the time of the grant. The life of the option is based on historical factors which include the contractual term, vesting period, exercise behavior and employee terminations. In accordance with the ASC 718, stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest. As only one individual has outstanding options, the Company estimates outstanding lives utilizing acceptable expedients in lieu of forfeiture history.

**Restricted Stock Units**

A summary of the Company's RSUs is presented below.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | Weighted-average | Average remaining |
|  |  | grant date  | contractual |
|  | RSUs | fair value | term (years) |
| Outstanding at January 1, 2025 | 794386  | $38.29  | 1.44  |
| Granted | 358348  | 59.60  | 2.23  |
| Vested | (390525) | 36.25  |  |
| Forfeited | (33110) | 49.66  |  |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2025 | 729099  | $49.34  | 1.23  |

---

In 2025, the Company granted 358,348 RSUs, of which 330,839 have a vesting period of three years and 27,509 have a vesting period of one year. At issuance, the 358,348 RSUs granted in 2025 had a fair value of $59.60 per unit. In 2024, the Company granted 390,305 RSUs, of which 355,965 have a vesting period of three years and 34,340 have a vesting period of one year. At issuance, the 390,305 RSUs granted in 2024 had a fair value of $42.87 per unit. In 2023, the Company granted 547,556 RSUs, of which 514,785 have a vesting period of three years and 32,771 have a vesting period of one year. At issuance, the 547,556 RSUs granted in 2023 had a fair value of $35.00 per unit.

------

**Note 14—Commitments and Contingencies**

**Operating Leases** 

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and operating lease liabilities are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements. ROU assets represent the Company's right-of-use of an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments pursuant to the Company's leases. The ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. To determine the present value of lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. The lease term may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company leases its executive offices in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and Wilmington, Delaware, and has offices supporting its operations in cities including: New York, New York; Norristown, Pennsylvania; Smithfield, Utah; Crofton, Maryland; Morrisville, North Carolina; and Westmont, Illinois. The weighted-average remaining lease term on these properties is 10.5 years as of December 31, 2025.

These leases require the Company to pay the real estate taxes and insurance on the leased properties in addition to rent. The approximate future minimum annual rental payments, including any additional rents for escalation clauses, are as follows (dollars in thousands):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Year ending December 31,  |  |
| 2026 | $4218  |
| 2027 | 4209  |
| 2028 | 2728  |
| 2029 | 2045  |
| 2030 | 2080  |
| Thereafter  | 15862  |
|  | $31142  |
| Less: imputed interest | (11184) |
| Total operating lease liability recognized in Other liabilities | $19958  |

---

Rent and related expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were approximately $5.1 million, $5.4 million and $4.3 million net of sublease rentals of approximately $203,000, $406,000 and $406,000, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, cash payments for operating lease liabilities that were included in operating cashflows were $4.4 million and $4.6 million, respectively.

**Off-Balance Sheet Risk—Commitments to Extend Credit**

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. Commitments to extend credit total $2.20 billion as of December 31, 2025, and represent amounts unfunded under existing loan agreements, where there is capacity for the customer to borrow additional amounts as long as there is no violation of any condition of the contract.

The Company estimates its expected credit losses over the entire period in which there is exposure to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. A provision for unfunded commitments is recognized for the estimated credit loss on unfunded commitments that considers the likelihood that funding will occur over the estimated life of the commitment. The amount of the reserve on such exposures as of December 31, 2025 and as of December 31, 2024 was $1.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and is recognized within Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 **‎** 

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**Legal Proceedings** 

On June 12, 2019, the Bank was served with a qui tam lawsuit filed in the Superior Court of the State of Delaware, New Castle County. The Delaware Department of Justice intervened in the litigation. The case is titled The State of Delaware, Plaintiff, Ex rel. Russell S. Rogers, Plaintiff-Relator v. The Bancorp Bank, Interactive Communications International, Inc., and InComm Financial Services, Inc., Defendants. The lawsuit alleges that the defendants violated the Delaware False Claims and Reporting Act by not paying balances on certain open-loop "Vanilla" prepaid cards to the State of Delaware as unclaimed property. The complaint seeks actual and treble damages, statutory penalties, and attorneys' fees. The Bank has filed an answer denying the allegations and continues to vigorously defend against the claims. The Bank and other defendants previously filed a motion to dismiss the action, but that motion to dismiss was denied and the parties proceeded to engage in the first phase of discovery. On March 25, 2025, the State of Delaware filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit without prejudice, due to a related administrative proceeding commenced by or on behalf of the State of Delaware Office of Unclaimed Property. As of December 31, 2025, the first phase of discovery was stayed pending a decision on the State of Delaware's motion to dismiss. The Company is not yet able to determine whether the ultimate resolution of the matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition or operations.

On September 14, 2021, Cachet Financial Services ("Cachet") filed an adversary proceeding against the Bank in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California, titled Cachet Financial Services, Plaintiff v. The Bancorp Bank, et al., Defendants. The case was filed within the context of Cachet's pending Chapter 11 bankruptcy case. The Bank previously served as the Originating Depository Financial Institution ("ODFI") for ACH transactions in connection with Cachet's payroll services business. The matter arose from the Bank's termination of its Payroll Processing ODFI Agreement with Cachet on October 23, 2019, for safety and soundness reasons. The initial complaint alleged eight causes of action: (i) breach of contract; (ii) negligence; (iii) intentional interference with contract; (iv) conversion; (v) express indemnity; (vi) implied indemnity; (vii) accounting; and (viii) objection to the Bank's proof of claim in the bankruptcy case. On November 4, 2021, the Bank filed a motion in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California to withdraw the reference of the adversary proceeding to the bankruptcy court, which was denied in February 2023. On August 3, 2022, Cachet served the Bank with a first amended complaint wherein Cachet, among other things, withdrew its implied indemnity claim against the Bank and added several defendants unaffiliated with the Bank and causes of action related to those parties. On September 28, 2022, the Bank filed a partial motion to dismiss, which was later denied. On October 31, 2024, Cachet filed its second amended complaint, which contained substantially similar claims against the Bank except it sought only "damages in amount to be proven at trial" whereas the first amended complaint sought "damages in amount to be proven but in no event less than $150 million." On December 17, 2024, the Bank filed a partial motion to dismiss the second amended complaint, which was granted in part and denied in part on May 2, 2025. Specifically, Cachet's negligence claim, conversion claim, and accounting claim were dismissed with prejudice. On July 10, 2025, the Bank answered the second amended complaint. On December 24, 2025, the Bank and Cachet entered into a confidential settlement agreement to resolve the adversary proceeding and a related interpleader action initiated by the Bank in 2019. The adversary proceeding and interpleader action were both subsequently dismissed with prejudice.

On March 27, 2023, the Bank received a Civil Investigative Demand ("CID") from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") seeking documents and information related to the Bank's escheatment practices in connection with certain accounts offered through one of the Bank's program partners. The Bank responded to the CID and has not received further inquiries from the CFPB regarding the matter.

On November 21, 2023, TBBK Card Services, Inc. ("TBBK Card"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, was served with a complaint filed in the Superior Court of the State of California (the "California Superior Court"), captioned People of the State of California, acting by and through San Francisco City Attorney David Chiu, Plaintiff v. InComm Financial Services, Inc., TBBK Card Services, Inc., Sutton Bank, Pathward, N.A., and Does 1-10, Defendants. The complaint principally alleges that the defendants engaged in unlawful, unfair or fraudulent business acts and practices related to the packaging of "Vanilla" prepaid cards and the refund process for unauthorized transactions that occurred due to card draining practices. On December 14, 2023, the case was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. On March 26, 2024, the case was remanded to the California Superior Court. TBBK Card has vigorously defended against the claims. On May 6, 2024, TBBK Card filed a motion to quash service of the summons as to TBBK Card for lack of personal jurisdiction. TBBK Card's motion to quash, and subsequent related appeals, were denied. On December 12, 2025, an amended complaint containing additional factual allegations was filed in the California Superior Court. The Company is not yet able to determine whether the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition or operations.

On November 25, 2024, the Bank commenced arbitration through the American Arbitration Association seeking approximately $1.808 million from Oxygen, Inc. ("Oxygen") owed under a Private Label Account Program Agreement related to unpaid invoices and

------

indemnification obligations owed by Oxygen. On January 13, 2025, Oxygen answered the Bank's arbitration demand, generally denying the allegations made by the Bank, and filed a Counterclaim against the Bank. The Counterclaim alleges (i) that the termination of the Private Label Account Program Agreement was pretextual, (ii) the Bank breached its notification obligations in terminating the Private Label Account Program Agreement, (iii) the Bank breached the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and (iv) conversion of $1.2 million by the Bank. The *ad damnum* clause of the Counterclaim also seeks compensatory damages in an amount not less than $40 million. The Bank believes it has meritorious defenses and intends to vigorously defend against the Counterclaim. The Company is not yet able to determine whether the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition or operations.

On March 14, 2025, Nathan Linden filed a putative securities class action complaint captioned Nathan Linden v. The Bancorp, Inc., et al. in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware against the Company and certain of its current and former officers. The complaint asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and purports to assert a class action on behalf of persons and entities that purchased or otherwise acquired Company securities between January 25, 2024 and March 4, 2025. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants made materially false and/or misleading statements and omissions about the Company's business, prospects, and operations, with a focus on the Company's commercial real estate bridge loan ("REBL") portfolio and related provision for credit losses. On September 29, 2025, the court appointed Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority ("SEPTA") as lead plaintiff; the case is now captioned Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority v. The Bancorp, Inc., et al. On December 22, 2025, SEPTA filed its amended class action complaint, which alleges that between January 26, 2024 and March 25, 2025, the defendants made materially false and/or misleading statements and omissions about certain loans in the Company's REBL portfolio and related provision for credit losses. The named plaintiff seeks unspecified damages, fees, interest, and costs. The Company intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the amended complaint. The Company is not yet able to determine whether the ultimate resolution of the matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition or operations.

In addition, we are a party to various routine legal proceedings arising out of the ordinary course of our business. Management believes that none of these actions, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or operations.

------

**Note 15—Regulatory Matters**

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification of the Company and the Bank are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Moreover, capital requirements may be modified based upon regulatory rules or by regulatory discretion at any time reflecting a variety of factors including deterioration in asset quality.

As of December 31, 2025, the Bank met all regulatory requirements for classification as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. The following table provides our regulatory capital amounts and ratios for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | Minimum Capital | Minimum Capital | Well-Capitalized Capital | Well-Capitalized Capital |
|  | Actual  | Actual  | Requirement | Requirement | Requirement | Requirement |
|  | Amount  | Ratio  | Amount  | Ratio  | Amount  | Ratio  |
| **As of December 31, 2025** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp, Inc. | $745747  | 12.19% | $489522  | >=8.00 | N/A  | N/A  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp Bank, National Association | 925974  | 15.13% | 489580  | 8.00  | 611975  | >= 10.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp, Inc. | 678101  | 11.08% | 367141  | >=6.00 | N/A  | N/A  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp Bank, National Association | 858328  | 14.03% | 367185  | 6.00  | 489580  | >= 8.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tier 1 capital (to average assets)  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp, Inc. | 678101  | 7.64% | 354894  | >=4.00 | N/A  | N/A  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp Bank, National Association | 858328  | 9.70% | 354062  | 4.00  | 442577  | >= 5.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp, Inc. | 678101  | 11.08% | 244761  | >=4.00 | N/A  | N/A  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp Bank, National Association | 858328  | 14.03% | 275389  | 4.50  | 397784  | >= 6.50% |
| **As of December 31, 2024** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp, Inc. | $853048  | 14.65% | $465772  | >=8.00 | N/A  | N/A  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp Bank, National Association | 934652  | 16.06% | 465628  | 8.00  | 582036  | >= 10.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp, Inc. | 806167  | 13.85% | 349329  | >=6.00 | N/A  | N/A  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp Bank, National Association | 887771  | 15.25% | 349221  | 6.00  | 465628  | >= 8.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tier 1 capital (to average assets)  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp, Inc. | 806167  | 9.41% | 342810  | >=4.00 | N/A  | N/A  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp Bank, National Association | 887771  | 10.38% | 342164  | 4.00  | 427705  | >= 5.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp, Inc. | 806167  | 13.85% | 232886  | >=4.00 | N/A  | N/A  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Bancorp Bank, National Association | 887771  | 15.25% | 261916  | 4.50  | 378323  | >= 6.50% |

---

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**Note 16— Transactions with Affiliates** 

The Bank has entered into lending transactions in the ordinary course of business with directors, executive officers, principal stockholders and affiliates of such persons. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, loans to these related parties amounted to $4.8 million and $6.9 million, respectively. All loans were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rate and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable loans with persons not related to the lender. At December 31, 2025, these loans were current as to principal and interest payments, and did not involve more than normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

**Note 17—Condensed Financial Information—Parent Only** 

**Condensed Balance Sheets** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31,  | December 31,  |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Assets |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and due from banks  | $10608 | $10650 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investment in subsidiaries  | 870023 | 871388 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other assets  | 27655 | 21107 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets  | $908286 | $903145 |
| Liabilities and stockholders' equity  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other liabilities  | $8836 | $3747 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Senior debt | 196253 | 96214 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Subordinated debentures | 13401 | 13401 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shareholders' equity  | 689796 | 789783 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities and stockholders' equity  | $908286 | $903145 |

---

**Condensed Statements of Operations**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the year ended December 31,  | For the year ended December 31,  | For the year ended December 31,  |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Income |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dividend income from subsidiary | $282000 | $259000 | $100000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other income  |  | 34 | 329 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total income  | 282000 | 259034 | 100329 |
| Expense  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest on subordinated debentures  | 1020 | 1155 | 1121 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest on senior debt  | 8805 | 4935 | 5027 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-interest expense  | 20488 | 15701 | 12589 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total expense  | 30313 | 21791 | 18737 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax benefit | (6367) | (4568) | (3864) |
| Equity in undistributed (loss) income of subsidiaries  | (29841) | (24271) | 106840 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income available to common shareholders | $228213 | $217540 | $192296 |

---

------

**Condensed Statements of Cash Flows**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
|  | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) |
| Operating activities  |  |  |  |
| Net income  | $228213  | $217540  | $192296  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net amortization of investment securities discounts/premiums | 507  | 355  | 82  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Increase in other assets  | (6548) | (4557) | (3534) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Increase (decrease) in other liabilities  | 5089  | 1515  | (45) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Stock based compensation expense | 19604  | 14983  | 11392  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Equity in undistributed loss (income)  | 29841  | 24271  | (106840) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash used in operating activities  | 276706  | 254107  | 93351  |
| Financing activities  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from the exercise of common stock options | 2061  |  | 104  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds of senior debt offering, net | 195953  |  | (3273) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Redemption of senior debt maturity | (96421) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Repurchases of common stock | (378341) | (252352) | (99999) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash used in financing activities  | (276748) | (252352) | (103168) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents  | (42) | 1755  | (9817) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year  | 10650  | 8895  | 18712  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $10608  | $10650  | $8895  |

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**Note 18—Segment Financial Information**

**Overview**

The Company's operations are substantially all located in the United States, and can be classified under three segments: Fintech, Credit Solutions (three sub-segments) and Corporate.

**Fintech Solutions** partners with fintech companies and other technology focused payment-based providers to deliver payment, deposit, and sponsored lending products that attract deposits and generate fee income. Fintech includes: (i) Program sponsorship, or prepaid debit and credit cards that we issue which are generated by companies that market directly to end users. Through this product, we source the majority of our deposits and generate non-interest income; (ii) Payment services, or ACH processing and other real-time end-to-end payment processing services for which we earn fee income; and (iii) Sponsored lending, or Fintech loans, which consists of secured credit card and unsecured short-term extensions of credit that are originated by the Bank, with the marketing and servicing assistance of our partners. As of December 31, 2025, 91% of our total deposits were sourced from Fintech Solutions, primarily from Program sponsorship.

**Credit Solutions** is our lending operations, and includes: (i) Real estate bridge lending (REBL) which comprised primarily of apartment building rehabilitation loans; (ii) institutional banking comprised of security-backed lines of credit (SBLOCs), cash value insurance policy-backed lines of credit (IBLOCs) and advisor financing; and (iii) commercial loans comprised primarily of Small Business Administration (SBA) loans and direct lease financing. Credit Solutions also includes deposits generated by those business lines.

**Corporate** includes interest income from investment securities, corporate overhead, and expenses that have not been allocated.

The chief operating decision maker for each of our segments is the Chief Executive Officer. Key factors in the decision-making process for the Fintech segment includes deposit growth, and the cost thereof, and non-interest income growth, which are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For Credit Solutions, loan growth and related yields are factors in decision making. Comparative loan balance information measuring loan growth is presented in "*Note 5. Loans*".

------

**Segment Reporting Methodology**

The results of our business segments are intended to present each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. Our internal management and reporting process used to derive our segment results employs various allocation methodologies to assign certain revenues and expenses indirectly attributable to each business segment, as outlined below.

The tables of segment financial information include presentation of amounts that are recognized or incurred specific to the operations of our segments, including Interest income, Provision for credit losses, Non-interest income and Non-interest expense - direct. Interest expense for the Fintech segment consists of interest expense actually incurred to generate its deposits, which is the Company's actual cost of funds. Interest expense for the Corporate segment consists of expense related to our senior term debt, trust preferred debt, and demand deposits.

Segment financial information includes allocations between segments and certain non-GAAP subtotals as follows:

**Interest allocation** is a non-GAAP item which presents a market-based allocation of interest between segments. The fintech segment generates the majority of our deposits, and both Fintech speciality lending and the Credit Solutions segments use the amount to fund loans, and the Corporate segment uses funds for the investment securities portfolio. As such, Credit Solutions and Corporate pay Fintech interest for their use of deposits and fintech recognizes an offsetting amount of interest income. The rate utilized for the allocation between segments corresponds to an estimated average of the three year FHLB rate.

**Income before non-interest expense allocations** is a non-GAAP subtotal, which presents an income subtotal before consideration of allocated Corporate expenses which might be fixed, semi-fixed or otherwise resist changes without regard to a particular line of business.

**Non-interest expense allocations** are non-GAAP items which present the allocation of support service costs to the segments based on estimated usage. Those support department allocations are reflected in the "Risk, financial crimes and compliance" and "Information technology and operations" line items. Other allocated expenses includes costs of overhead functions, including human resources, finance, marketing, legal, facilities and general adminstrative costs.

**Segment Results**

The following tables provide segment information for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the year ended December 31, 2025 | For the year ended December 31, 2025 | For the year ended December 31, 2025 | For the year ended December 31, 2025 | For the year ended December 31, 2025 | For the year ended December 31, 2025 |
|  |  | Credit Solutions | Credit Solutions | Credit Solutions |  |  |
|  | Fintech | REBL | Institutional Banking | Commercial | Corporate | Total |
| Interest income | $3395  | $191486  | $117586  | $132161  | $106741  | $551369  |
| Interest allocation | 254317  | (91381) | (65706) | (67418) | (29812) |  |
| Interest expense | 154200  |  | 4480  | 40  | 17138  | 175858  |
| Net interest income  | 103512  | 100105  | 47400  | 64703  | 59791  | 375511  |
| Provision for credit losses<sup>(1)</sup> | 169294  | (469) | (6) | 8965  | (91) | 177693  |
| Non-interest income<sup>(1)</sup> | 310555  | 6649  | 348  | 8306  | 2475  | 328333  |
| Direct non-interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Salaries and employee benefits | 17703  | 4378  | 10312  | 19955  | 90206  | 142554  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Data processing expense | 1392  | 171  | 2070  | 8  | 1323  | 4964  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Software | 647 | 108 | 2846 | 1758 | 15182  | 20541  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other  | 10952  | 5041  | 1330  | 7809  | 29923  | 55055  |
| Income before non-interest expense allocations | 214079  | 97525  | 31196  | 34514  | (74277) | 303037  |
| Non-interest expense allocations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Risk, financial crimes, and compliance | 29124  | 2357  | 3233  | 5308  | (40022) |  |
| Information technology and operations | 14702  | 821  | 6150  | 8387  | (30060) |  |
| Other allocated expenses | 16439  | 3331  | 6903  | 7870  | (34543) |  |
| Total non-interest expense allocations | 60265  | 6509  | 16286  | 21565  | (104625) |  |
| Income before taxes | 153814  | 91016  | 14910  | 12949  | 30348  | 303037  |
| Income tax expense  | 37979  | 22473  | 3681  | 3197  | 7494  | 74824  |
| Net income  | $115835  | $68543  | $11229  | $9752  | $22854  | $228213  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Non-interest income of the Fintech segment includes $169.3 million of Fintech loan credit enhancement income related to the estimated recovery from a Fintech partner for losses on fintech loans where the measurement of the expected loan loss and credit enhancement are based on the same estimate. The remainder of Non-interest income for Fintech is $141.2 million Total fintech fees and $0.1 million of other.

------

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the year ended December 31, 2024 | For the year ended December 31, 2024 | For the year ended December 31, 2024 | For the year ended December 31, 2024 | For the year ended December 31, 2024 | For the year ended December 31, 2024 |
|  |  | Credit Solutions | Credit Solutions | Credit Solutions |  |  |
|  | Fintech | REBL | Institutional Banking | Commercial | Corporate | Total |
| Interest income | $214  | $207062  | $121522  | $124490  | $98304  | $551592  |
| Interest allocation | 261484  | (98064) | (69942) | (69960) | (23518) |  |
| Interest expense | 156271  |  | 3962  | 35  | 15083  | 175351  |
| Net interest income  | 105427  | 108998  | 47618  | 54495  | 59703  | 376241  |
| Provision for credit losses<sup>(1)</sup> | 30651  | 2159  | 763  | 6416  | (1615) | 38374  |
| Non-interest income<sup>(1)</sup> | 147574  | 3264  | 211  | 5541  | 924  | 157514  |
| Direct non-interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Salaries and employee benefits | 15577  | 3996  | 9659  | 18323  | 84042  | 131597  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Data processing expense | 1552  | 169  | 2329  | 7  | 1609  | 5666  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Software | 486  | 104  | 2962  | 1777  | 12584  | 17913  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other  | 9203  | 4719  | 2093  | 7698  | 24336  | 48049  |
| Income before non-interest expense allocations | 195532  | 101115  | 30023  | 25815  | (60329) | 292156  |
| Non-interest expense allocations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Risk, financial crimes, and compliance | 26922  | 2177  | 3017  | 4921  | (37037) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Information technology and operations | 13732  | 723  | 5993  | 7444  | (27892) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other allocated expenses | 15814  | 3021  | 6574  | 7070  | (32479) |  |
| Total non-interest expense allocations | 56468  | 5921  | 15584  | 19435  | (97408) |  |
| Income before taxes | 139064  | 95194  | 14439  | 6380  | 37079  | 292156  |
| Income tax expense | 35516  | 24312  | 3688  | 1629  | 9471  | 74616  |
| Net income (loss) | $103548  | $70882  | $10751  | $4751  | $27608  | $217540  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Non-interest income of the Fintech segment includes $30.7 million of Fintech loan credit enhancement income related to the estimated recovery from a Fintech partner for losses on fintech loans where the measurement of the expected loan loss and credit enhancement are based on the same estimate. The remainder of Non-interest income for Fintech is $116.8 million total fintech fees and $0.1 million of other.

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the year ended December 31, 2023  | For the year ended December 31, 2023  | For the year ended December 31, 2023  | For the year ended December 31, 2023  | For the year ended December 31, 2023  | For the year ended December 31, 2023  |
|  |  | Credit Solutions | Credit Solutions | Credit Solutions |  |  |
|  | Fintech | REBL | Institutional Banking | Commercial | Corporate | Total |
| Interest income | $110  | $194419  | $136069  | $102596  | $76313  | $509507  |
| Interest allocation | 264820  | (97941) | (84807) | (68487) | (13585) |  |
| Interest expense | 139500  | 507  | 4355  |  | 11093  | 155455  |
| Net interest income | 125430  | 95971  | 46907  | 34109  | 51635  | 354052  |
| Provision for credit losses |  | 1529  | (25) | 7222  | 9604  | 18330  |
| Non-interest income | 99376  | 6037  | 760  | 6881  | (960) | 112094  |
| Direct non-interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Salaries and employee benefits | 13666  | 3607  | 9680  | 16480  | 77622  | 121055  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Data processing expense | 1309  | 153  | 2358  | 5  | 1622  | 5447  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Software | 552 | 99 | 2951 | 1341 | 12406 | 17349  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other  | 9554  | 3693  | 1923  | 8310  | 23711  | 47191  |
| Income before non-interest expense allocations | 199725  | 92927  | 30780  | 7632  | (74290) | 256774  |
| Non-interest expense allocations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Risk, financial crimes, and compliance | 25803  | 1221  | 1741  | 2473  | (31238) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Information technology and operations | 13189  | 805  | 6928  | 6488  | (27410) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other allocated expenses | 11598  | 2284  | 5895  | 5928  | (25705) |  |
| Total non-interest expense allocations | 50590  | 4310  | 14564  | 14889  | (84353) |  |
| Income (loss) before taxes | 149135  | 88617  | 16216  | (7257) | 10063  | 256774  |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 37449  | 22252  | 4072  | (1822) | 2527  | 64478  |
| Net income (loss) | $111686  | $66365  | $12144  | $(5435) | $7536  | $192296  |

---

------

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
|  |  | Credit Solutions | Credit Solutions | Credit Solutions |  |  |
|  | Fintech | REBL | Institutional Banking | Commercial | Corporate | Total |
| Total assets | $1177306  | $2362489  | $1981479  | $1762882  | $2068269  | $9352425  |
| Total liabilities | $7377441  | $1817  | $269743  | $5591  | $1008037  | $8662629  |

---

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
|  |  | Credit Solutions | Credit Solutions | Credit Solutions |  |  |
|  | Fintech | REBL | Institutional Banking | Commercial | Corporate | Total |
| Total assets | $518371  | $2300817  | $1855016  | $1676241  | $2377098  | $8727543  |
| Total liabilities | $6885456  | $2116  | $434283  | $8309  | $607596  | $7937760  |

---

------

**ITEM 9.** **Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.** 

None.

## **ITEM 9A. Contr** **ols and Procedures.** 
**Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (our principal financial officer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Because of inherent limitations, disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of disclosure controls and procedures are met.

Under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable level of assurance as of December 31, 2025.

**Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting** 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the Company's assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company's management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate due to changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.

Our management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 based on the criteria established in *Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013)*, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 has been audited by Crowe LLP, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report dated February 25, 2026 below.

------

*Remediation of Previously Disclosed Material Weaknesses* 

As previously disclosed, in connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Specifically, the material weaknesses identified existed in the design of two controls related to: (i) the completion of all closing procedures prior to the filing of a required periodic report with the SEC; and (ii) the evaluation of the accounting and financial reporting associated with the credit enhancement contained within a third-party agreement and the impact on the allowance for credit losses for consumer fintech loans.

In response to the identified material weaknesses with respect to the two controls noted above, management instituted a remediation plan to enhance its internal control over financial reporting to: (i) require receipts of approval and documentation of the same prior to the filing of any required periodic report with the SEC; and (ii) refine the evaluation of the accounting and financial reporting associated with the credit enhancement contained within a third-party agreement and the impact on the allowance for credit losses for consumer fintech loans. Management has completed its documentation, testing and evaluation of the additional controls and enhanced control activities to existing controls and determined that, as of December 31, 2025, these additional controls and enhanced control activities have been appropriately designed and implemented, and have operated effectively for a sufficient period of time to conclude that the previously identified material weaknesses have been remediated.

**Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting**

Other than the matters described under "*Remediation of Previously Disclosed Material Weaknesses*" in our report on ICFR, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

‎

------

**REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

Shareholders and the Board of Directors of The Bancorp. Inc.

Wilmington, Delaware

**Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting**

We have audited The Bancorp, Inc.'s (the "Company") internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements") and our report dated February 25, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion.

**Basis for Opinion** 

The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

**Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting** 

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Crowe LLP

Fort Lauderdale, Florida

February 25, 2026

‎

------

## **ITEM 9B.** **Other Information.** 
During the quarter ended December 31, 2025, none of the Company's directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as those terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

## **Item 9C. D** **isclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.** 
Not applicable.

**PART III**

## **Item 10.** **Directors , Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.** 
The information required by this Item will be included in our definitive proxy statement for the Company's 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "2026 Proxy Statement") and is incorporated by reference herein.

The Board has adopted the Bancorp, Inc. Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (the "Code of Ethics"), which applies to all directors, officers and employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other designated financial employees. The Code of Ethics is available on the Company's website at www.thebancorp.com. Any amendment to or waiver from a provision of the Code of Ethics will be disclosed by posting information regarding the amendment or waiver on the Company's website.

The Company has adopted insider trading policies and procedures regarding securities transactions (the "Insider Trading Policy") that applies to all officers, directors, employees, consultants and contractors of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as the Company itself. The Company believes that the Insider Trading Policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations with respect to the purchase, sale and/or other dispositions of the Company's securities, as well as the applicable rules and regulations of NASDAQ. A copy of the Insider Trading Policy is filed as Exhibit 19 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

## **Item 11.** **Executive Compensation.** 
The information required by this Item will be included in the 2026 Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference herein.

## **Item 12.** **Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.** 
The information required by this Item will be included in the 2026 Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference herein.

## **Item 13.** **Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.** 
The information required by this Item will be included in the 2026 Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference herein.

## **Item 14.** **Principal Accountant Fees and Services.** 
The information required by this Item will be included in the 2026 Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference herein.

------

# **PART IV** 

## **Item 15.** **Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules.** 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1. Financial Statements**

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms

Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2025 and 2024

Consolidated Statement of Operations for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2. Financial Statement Schedules**

None.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**3. Exhibits** 

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit No.** | **Description** |
| 3.1.1 | [<u>Certificate of Incorporation filed July 20, 1999, amended July 27, 1999, amended June 7, 2001, and amended October 8, 2002</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095011604002142/ex3-1.txt) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed July 15, 2004)  |
| 3.1.2 | [<u>Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed July 30, 2009</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000129540116000028/tbbk-20160930xex3_2.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed November 9, 2016) |
| 3.1.3 | [<u>Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed Ma</u><u>y</u> <u>18, 2016</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000129540116000028/tbbk-20160930xex3_3.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed November 9, 2016) |
| 3.2 | [<u>Amended and Restated Bylaws</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000156276224000049/tbbk-20231231xex3_2.htm)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 29, 2024) |
| 4.1 | [<u>Description o</u><u>f</u> <u>Securities</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000156276222000070/tbbk-20211231xex4_1.htm) Registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 1, 2022)  |
| 4.2 | [<u>Specimen Stock Certificate</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095011604002895/ex4-1.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4/A filed September 28, 2004)  |
| 4.3 | [<u>Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2020</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095015920000200/ex4-1.htm), by and between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 13, 2020) |
| 4.4 | [<u>First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 13, 2020</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095015920000200/ex1-1.htm), by and between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 13, 2020)<br>|
| 4.2 | [<u>Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 18, 2025</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000203985225000144/ex4-2.htm), by and between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 18, 2025) |
| 4.3 | [<u>Form of 7.375% Senior Note due 2030</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000203985225000144/ex4-2.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 18, 2025) |
| 10.1.1<sup>+</sup> | [<u>The Bancorp, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095015918000225/ex10-1.htm)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed May 17, 2018) |
| 10.1.2<sup>+</sup><br>10.2<sup>+</sup>  | [<u>First Amendment to The Bancorp, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095015918000225/ex10-2.htm)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed May 17, 2018)<br>[<u>The Bancorp, Inc. 2024 Equity Incentive Plan</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000110465924044730/tm2324895d4_def14a.htm) (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 8, 2024) |
| 10.5<sup>+</sup> | [<u>The Bancorp, Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095015920000125/ex10-1.htm)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 14, 2020) |
| 10.3<sup>+</sup><br>10.4 | [<u>Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095015918000286/ex10-1.htm)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed May 17, 2018) <br>[<u>Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095015924000185/ex10-1.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 30, 2024) |
| 10.6<sup>+</sup> | [<u>Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095015920000125/ex10-2.htm)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 14, 2020) |
| 10.7<sup>+</sup> | [<u>Form on Non-Qualified Stock Option Award (non-employee directors)</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095015920000125/ex10-3.htm)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 14, 2020) |
| 10.8<sup>+</sup> | [<u>Form of Restricted Stock Award</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000095015920000125/ex10-4.htm)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 14, 2020) |
| 10.9<sup>+</sup> | [<u>Retirement Agreement</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000203985225000071/ex10-1.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 3, 2025) |
| 16.1 | [<u>Letter from Grant Thornton LLP to the Securities and Exchange Commission dated March 8, 2024</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001295401/000095015924000106/ex16-1.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 16.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 8, 2024) |
| 19.1\* | [<u>Insider Trading Policy</u>](tbbk-20251231xex19_1.htm) |

---

‎

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 21.1 | [<u>Subsidiaries of Registrant</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000156276224000049/tbbk-20231231xex21_1.htm)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 29, 2024)  |
| 23.1\* | [<u>Consent of Cr</u><u>owe</u> <u>LLP</u>](tbbk-20251231xex23_1.htm) |
| 23.2\* | [<u>Consent of Grant Thornton LLP</u>](tbbk-20251231xex23_2.htm) |
| 31.1\* | [<u>Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications</u>](tbbk-20251231xex31_1.htm) |
| 31.2\* | [<u>Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications</u>](tbbk-20251231xex31_2.htm) |
| 32.1\* | [<u>Section 1350 Certifications</u>](tbbk-20251231xex32_1.htm) |
| 32.2\* | [<u>Section 1350 Certifications</u>](tbbk-20251231xex32_2.htm) |
| 97.0 | [<u>Executive Compensation Clawback Policy</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1295401/000156276224000049/tbbk-20231231xex97_0.htm)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.0 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 29, 2024) |
| 101.SCH\*\* | Inline XBRL Schema Document  |
| 101.CAL\*\* | Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document  |
| 101.DEF\*\* | Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document  |
| 101.LAB\*\* | Inline XBRL Labels Linkbase Document  |
| 101.PRE\*\* | Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document  |
| 101.INS\*\* | Inline XBRL Instance Document  |
| 104 | The cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on February 25, 2026 is formatted in Inline XBRL. |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| \* | Filed herewith. |
| \*\* | Submitted as Exhibits 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K are documents formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language). Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act or Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and otherwise are not subject to liability. |
| + | Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement. |
|  | *Bancorp, Inc. hereby agrees to furnish to the SEC, upon request, the instruments defining the rights of holders of each issue of its long-term debt and that of its consolidated subsidiaries.*<br>|

---

 **<u>‎</u>** 

------

## **Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.** 
None.

‎

------

**SIGNATURES** 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | The Bancorp, Inc.<br>|
| February 25, 2026 | By: | /s/ Damian M. Kozlowski |
|  |  | DAMIAN M. KOZLOWSKI |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) |

---

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Ne <br>

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| /s/ Damian M. Kozlowski | Chief Executive Officer, President and Director | February 25, 2026 |
| DAMIAN M. KOZLOWSKI | (principal executive officer) |  |
| /s/ Dominic Canuso | Chief Financial Officer  | February 25, 2026 |
| DOMINIC CANUSO | (principal financial and accounting officer) |  |
| /s/ James J. McEntee III | Director | February 25, 2026 |
| JAMES J. MCENTEE III |  |  |
| /s/ Matthew Cohn | Director | February 25, 2026 |
| MATTHEW COHN |  |  |
| /s/ William H. Lamb | Director | February 25, 2026 |
| WILLIAM H. LAMB |  |  |
| /s/ Hersh Kozlov | Director | February 25, 2026 |
| HERSH KOZLOV |  |  |
| /s/ Mark Tryniski | Director | February 25, 2026 |
| MARK TRYNISKI |  |  |
| /s/ Todd J. Brockman | Director | February 25, 2026 |
| TODD J. BROCKMAN |  |  |
| /s/ Stephanie B. Mudick | Director | February 25, 2026 |
| STEPHANIE B. MUDICK |  |  |
| /s/ Cheryl D. Creuzot | Director | February 25, 2026 |
| CHERYL D. CREUZOT |  |  |
| /s/ Dwayne L. Allen | Director | February 25, 2026 |
| DWAYNE L. ALLEN |  |  |

---

## Exhibit 19.1

Exhibit 19.1

Insider Trading Policy

ConFidential And PROPRIETARY

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1. PURPOSE

Securities laws prohibit "insider trading," or transactions in publicly traded securities by individuals who possess material information that is not yet known or available to the public ("material non-public information"), as well as the direct or indirect disclosure of material non-public information to others who then trade in such securities (known as "tipping"). The prohibition against insider trading and tipping applies to trades, tips, and recommendations by virtually any person, including, but not limited to, all persons associated with The Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company") and its subsidiaries, if the information involved is "material" and "non-public."

This Insider Trading Policy (this "Policy") provides certain requirements as well as guidelines with respect to transactions in Company Securities (as defined below) and the handling and use of confidential information about the Company and the companies with which the Company engages in transactions or does business. The Board of Directors (the "Board") of the Company has adopted this Policy to promote compliance with U.S. federal, state, and foreign securities laws that prohibit certain persons who are aware of material non-public information about a company from: (a) engaging in transactions in the securities of that company; or (b) providing material non-public information to other persons who may trade on the basis of that information.

This Policy applies to all employees, officers, and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries with access to material non-public information (collectively, "Insiders"). This Policy also applies to all Family Members and Related Entities (each as defined in Section 3.3 of this Policy) of Insiders. Insiders and their Family Members and Related Entities are referred to in this Policy as "Covered Persons." "Company Securities" include the Company's common stock, options to purchase common stock, or any other type of securities that the Company may issue, including, but not limited to, preferred stock, convertible debentures, and warrants, as well as derivative securities that are not issued by the Company, such as exchange-traded put or call options or swaps relating to Company Securities.

2. STATEMENT OF POLICY PROHIBITING INSIDER TRADING

It is the Company's policy that Covered Persons may not buy, sell, or otherwise engage in any transactions, either directly or through a third party, in Company Securities while in possession of material non-public information about the Company. In addition, it is the Company's policy that Covered Persons who, in the course of working for the Company or any of its subsidiaries, learn of material non-public information about a company (1) with which the Company or its subsidiary does business, such as customers, vendors, or partners, or (2) that is involved in a potential transaction or business relationship with the Company or its subsidiary, may not engage in transactions in that company's securities until the information becomes public or is no longer material. Additionally, Covered Persons may not recommend that others engage in transactions in any Company Securities or disclose material non-public information to persons within the

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Company whose jobs do not require them to have that information, or outside of the Company to other persons, unless any such disclosure is made in accordance with the Company's policies regarding the protection or authorized external disclosure of information regarding the Company.

Transactions that may be necessary or justifiable for independent reasons (such as the need to raise money for an emergency expenditure) are **<u>NOT</u>** exempt from this Policy, as the securities laws do not recognize such mitigating circumstances. Insiders should always avoid the appearance of an improper transaction to preserve the Company's reputation for adhering to the highest standards of conduct.

Insiders are individually responsible for complying with this Policy, and for making sure that any Family Members or Related Entities, as Covered Persons whose transactions are also subject to this Policy, also comply with this Policy. In all cases, the responsibility for determining whether an individual is in possession of material non-public information rests with that individual, and any action on the part of the Company, its Office of General Counsel, the Company's Chief Financial Officer, or any other employee or director pursuant to this Policy (or otherwise) does not in any way constitute legal advice or insulate any individual from liability under applicable securities laws.

Finally, it is also the policy of the Company that the Company will not engage in transactions in Company Securities while aware of material non-public information relating to the Company or Company Securities, except for transactions authorized by and executed pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act").

3. Explanation of Insider Trading Terms

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **3.1<u>MATERIAL INFORMATI</u>** **<u>ON</u>**

Information is material if there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in deciding whether to buy, hold, or sell a security. Any information that could be expected to affect the price of a security, whether positive or negative, should be considered material. Examples of information that ordinarily would be regarded as material include, but are not limited to, the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a.Projections of future earnings or losses, or other earnings guidance;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b.Earnings or dividends that are inconsistent with the expectations of the investment community;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c.Pending or proposed mergers, acquisitions, dispositions, joint ventures, tender offers, acquisition or sale of a business segment or unit, or other significant changes in assets;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d.Significant new products or services or significant developments regarding customers, partners, or vendors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e.Defaults on securities, calls of securities for redemption, changes in dividend policy, the declaration of a stock split, or an offering of additional securities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; f.Establishment of a repurchase program for Company Securities;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g.Significant legal exposure due to actual, pending, or threatened litigation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; h.A significant cybersecurity incident, such as a data breach, or any other incident leading to a significant disruption in the Company's operations;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i.Changes in or a dispute with the Company's auditors, or a notification from its auditors that the Company may no longer rely on the auditors' report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; j.Significant changes in management or other significant personnel changes;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; k.An impending bankruptcy filing, an impending insolvency action, or the existence of severe liquidity problems; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; l.Imposition of any event-specific restrictions on trading securities of the Company or any other company, or the extension or termination of any such trading restrictions.

Covered Persons should remember that federal and stock market investigators and potential plaintiffs will scrutinize questionable transactions after the fact and with the benefit of hindsight. As a practical matter, before engaging in any transaction, Covered Persons should carefully consider how enforcement authorities and others might view the transaction in hindsight. As a general rule, ***when in doubt, do not trade***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **3.2<u>NON-PUBLIC INFORMATIO</u>** **<u>N</u>**

Non-public information is information that has not been disclosed broadly to the marketplace and for which the investing public had not yet had time to absorb and evaluate. Information should be considered public only when it has been disclosed broadly to the public through appropriate channels, such as by means of a Company press release or earnings call or in an SEC filing, and the investing public has had time to absorb and evaluate the information fully. As a general rule, information should not be considered fully absorbed by the market until after the second business day following release of the information. For example, if the Company were to make an announcement through appropriate channels on a Monday, the Covered Person should not trade in Company Securities until Thursday, subject to the pre-clearance requirements set forth in Section 5 below. Likewise, if an announcement were made on a Friday, the following Wednesday generally would be the first eligible trading day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **3.3<u>TRANSACTIONS BY "FAMILY MEMBERS" AND "RELATED ENTITIE</u>** **<u>S"</u>**

This Policy applies to all family members who reside with an Insider (including a spouse, a child, a child away at college, stepchildren, grandchildren, parents, stepparents, grandparents, siblings, and in-laws), anyone else who lives in the Insider's household (except for any employees or tenants of the Insider), and any family members who do not live in an Insider's household but whose transactions in Company Securities are directed by an Insider or are subject to an Insider's influence or control (such as parents or children who consult with an Insider before they trade in securities) (collectively, "Family Members"). This Policy also applies to any entities that are controlled by an Insider, including, but not limited to, any corporations, partnerships, limited liability companies, or trusts ("Related Entities"). All Insiders are responsible for the transactions of their Family Members and Related Entities and therefore

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should make them aware of the need to confer with the Insider. Insiders should treat all such transactions for the purposes of this Policy and applicable securities laws as if the transactions were for the Insider's own account.

4. SCOPE OF POLICY AND OTHER PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **4.1<u>STOCK OPTION EXERCIS</u>** **<u>ES</u>**

This Policy does not apply to the exercise of a stock option acquired pursuant to the Company's plans where an Insider "exercises and holds" the shares obtained upon exercise, or to the exercise of a tax withholding right pursuant to which a person has elected to have the Company withhold shares subject to an option to satisfy tax withholding requirements. The Policy does apply, however, to any sale into the market of the shares obtained upon exercise of an option, the sale of shares of Company stock as part of a broker-assisted cashless exercise of an option, or any other market sale for the purpose of generating the cash needed to pay the exercise price of an option.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **4.2<u>RESTRICTED STOCK VESTI</u>** **<u>NG</u>**

This Policy does not apply to the vesting of restricted stock, the vesting and delivery of shares of stock underlying restricted stock units, or the exercise of a tax withholding right pursuant to which a person has elected to have the Company withhold shares of stock to satisfy tax withholding requirements upon the vesting of any restricted stock or restricted stock units. This Policy does apply, however, to any market sale of shares of Company stock upon the vesting of restricted stock or the vesting and delivery of shares of stock underlying restricted stock units.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **4.3<u>401(k) PLAN TRANSACTIO</u>** **<u>NS</u>**

This Policy does not apply to purchases of Company Securities through the Company's 401(k) plan resulting from an Insider's recurring, pre-determined, and periodic contribution of money to the 401(k) plan pursuant to his or her payroll deduction election. This Policy does apply, however, to certain elections Insiders may make under the 401(k) plan, including, but not limited to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a.An election to increase or decrease the percentage of periodic contributions that will be allocated to the Company Securities fund;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b.An election to make an intra-plan transfer of an existing 401(k) plan account balance into or out of the Company Securities fund;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c.An election to borrow money against the 401(k) plan account if the loan will result in a liquidation of some or all of the Company Securities fund balance or pledge of Company Securities;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.An election to pre-pay a plan loan if the pre-payment will result in allocation of loan proceeds to the Company stock fund;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e.The sale of Company Securities held in a 401(k) plan account; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; f.Any other 401(k) plan liquidation, purchase, or account rebalance or reallocation involving Company Securities. It should be noted that sales of Company Securities from a 401(k) plan account are also subject to Rule 144 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, as amended, and therefore Covered Persons should ensure that a Form 144 is filed when required.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **4.4<u>PROHIBITED TRANSACTION</u>** **<u>S</u>**

The Company considers it improper and inappropriate for any Covered Person to engage in speculative transactions in Company Securities. Therefore, the Company prohibits Covered Persons from engaging in any of the following types of transactions:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a.<u>Short Sales</u>. Short sales of Company Securities evidence an expectation on the part of the seller that the securities will decline in value, and therefore signal to the market that the seller has no confidence in the Company or its short-term prospects. In addition, short sales may reduce the seller's incentive to improve the Company's performance. For at least these reasons, short sales of Company Securities are prohibited by this Policy. In addition, Section 16(c) of the Exchange Act prohibits officers and directors from engaging in short sales.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b.<u>Publicly-Traded Options</u>. A transaction in options is, in effect, a bet on the short-term movement of the Company's Securities and therefore creates the appearance that the Covered Person is trading based on inside information. Transactions in options also may focus the Covered Person's attention on short-term performance at the expense of the Company's long-term objectives. Accordingly, transactions in puts, calls, or any other derivative securities involving the Company's equity securities, on an exchange or in any other organized market, are prohibited by this Policy. Please note that option positions arising from certain types of hedging transactions are governed by the section below captioned "Hedging Transactions."

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c.<u>Hedging Transactions</u>. Certain forms of hedging or monetization transactions, such as zero-cost collars and forward sale contracts, allow a Covered Person to lock in much of the value of his or her stock holdings, often in exchange for all or part of the potential for upside appreciation in the stock. These transactions allow the Covered Person to continue to own the covered securities, but without the full risks and rewards of ownership. In these situations, the Covered Person may no longer have the same objectives as other shareholders. Therefore, Covered Persons are prohibited from engaging in any such transactions involving the Company's equity securities.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.<u>Margin Accounts and Pledges</u>. Securities held in a margin account may be sold by the broker without the customer's consent if the customer fails to meet a margin call. Similarly, securities pledged (or hypothecated) as collateral for a loan may be sold in foreclosure if the borrower defaults on the loan. Because a margin sale or foreclosure sale may occur at a time when the pledgor is aware of material non-public information or otherwise is not permitted to trade in Company Securities, Covered Persons are prohibited from holding our securities in a margin account or pledging Company Securities as collateral for a loan. An exception to this prohibition may be granted where a Covered Person wishes to pledge Company Securities as collateral for a loan (not including margin debt) and clearly demonstrates the financial capacity to repay the loan without resort to the pledged securities. The Audit Committee of the Board may, in its discretion, determine to make such other exceptions as it deems suitable. Any Covered Person who wishes to pledge Company Securities as collateral for a loan must submit a request for approval to the General Counsel or the Chief Financial Officer at least two (2) weeks prior to the proposed execution of documents evidencing the proposed pledge.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **4.5<u>POST-TERMINATION TRANSACTION</u>** **<u>S</u>** 

This Policy continues to apply to any transactions in Company Securities, even after the Insider has terminated employment or a directorship. Insiders may not trade in Company Securities (a) until the expiration of any "Restricted Period" that is applicable to any transactions at the time of such person's termination of service, and (b) if any Insider is in possession of material non-public information when their employment terminates or directorship ends, that Insider may not trade in Company Securities until that information has become public or is no longer material.

5. ADDITIONAL PROCEDURES

The Company has established additional procedures in order to assist the Company in the administration of this Policy, to facilitate compliance with laws prohibiting insider trading while in possession of material non-public information, and to avoid the appearance of any impropriety. These additional procedures are applicable to the individuals described below.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **5.1<u>PRE-CLEARANCE REQUIREMENT AND C</u>** **<u>ONTACT</u>**

To help prevent inadvertent violations of the federal securities laws, to avoid the appearance of trading on inside information, and to permit Company management to assist with any filings that may be necessary, the Company has instituted a pre-clearance process administered by the Company's General Counsel and Chief Financial Officer (collectively, "Pre-Clearance Officials"). Covered Persons may not engage in any transaction in Company Securities (including, but not limited to a gift or contribution to a trust, or any similar transfer) without first obtaining pre-clearance of the transaction from the Pre-Clearance Officials or their authorized designee(s).

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **5.2<u>PRE-CLEARANCE PROCES</u>** **<u>S</u>**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a.<u>Pre-Clearance Requests</u>. Insiders (on behalf of themselves or on behalf of any Covered Person connected to an Insider) shall make a request for pre-clearance of any trade involving Company Securities to the Company's Pre-Clearance Officials in writing (which includes by email) in advance of the proposed transaction. Where feasible, a requesting party should aim to submit the pre-clearance request at least three (3) business days in advance of the proposed transaction. When a request for pre-clearance is made, the Insider (on behalf of themself or on behalf of any Covered Person connected to the Insider) shall identify: (i) the transaction type; (ii) the number and type of securities that the Insider or any Covered Person intends to transact in; (iii) the intended transaction date; (iv) a confirmation that Insider (and to the extent applicable, any other Covered Person) has reviewed the Policy; (v) a confirmation that the Insider (and to the extent applicable, any other Covered Person) is not aware of any material non-public information about the Company or its securities; and (vi) whether the Insider (and to the extent applicable, any other Covered Person) has effected any non-exempt "opposite-way" transactions within the past six months for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b.<u>Pre-Clearance Determinations</u>. Pre-Clearance Officials are under no obligation to approve a transaction submitted for pre-clearance and may determine not to permit the transaction. Approval or denial of the pre-clearance request will be provided in writing to the Insider who submitted the pre-clearance request.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c. <u>Pre-Cleared</u> <u>Trades</u> <u>Deadline</u> <u>and</u> <u>Disclosure</u> <u>Obligations</u>. If pre-clearance is granted, the pre-cleared transaction must be made within five (5) business days of receipt of pre-clearance unless an exception is granted. Transactions not effected within the time limit should not be made and must be submitted again for a pre-clearance determination. Upon completion of any transaction in Company Securities, the Insider who submitted the pre-clearance request must immediately notify the Pre-Clearance Officials so that the Company may assist in any reporting obligations pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, as applicable. In certain cases, transactions may also be subject to Rule 144 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933, as amended. Covered Persons should therefore ensure that a Form 144 is filed when required.

No pre-clearance is necessary with respect to transactions in Company Securities to which the Policy does not apply, only as explicitly noted in Section 4.1, Section 4.2, and Section 4.3 of this Policy.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **5.3<u>QUARTERLY RESTRICTED/BLACKOUT PERIOD</u>** **<u>S</u>**

Projections of quarterly earnings may be considered material non-public information, and the

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Company's announcement of quarterly financial results has the potential to have a material effect on the market for Company Securities. Therefore, the Company has established a "Restricted Period" (i.e., a blackout period), whereby designated individuals, as well as the Family Members and Related Entities of those individuals, may not conduct any transactions in Company Securities (other than as specified by this Policy) during a "Restricted Period" beginning after the close of business on the fifteenth (15<sup>th</sup>) day of the last month prior to the end of the fiscal quarter or year and ending before the start of business on the third (3<sup>rd</sup>) full business day following the Company's issuance of its annual or quarterly earnings press release for such quarter or year (i.e., after the second business day following release of the information and consistent with Section 3.2 of this Policy).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **5.4<u>EVENT-SPECIFIC AND OTHER RESTRICTED PERIO</u>** **<u>DS</u>**

Other events of a material nature may necessitate the imposition of additional blackout periods and designated individuals will be notified that they may not conduct transactions in Company Securities by the Legal Department without being informed of the reason for the restriction. Other events of a material nature may include events such as issuing interim earnings guidance or other potentially material information by means of a press release, current report on Form 8-K or other SEC filing or other means designed to achieve widespread dissemination of the information. In addition, the Company's financial results may be sufficiently material in a particular fiscal quarter that, in the judgment of the Legal Department, designated individuals should refrain from engaging in transactions in Company Securities even sooner than the Restricted Period described above. The existence of an event-specific or other Restricted Period, or the extension of a quarterly Restricted Period, may not be announced to the Company as a whole, and should not be communicated to any other person. The failure of the Legal Department to designate a person as being subject to an event-specific or other Restricted Period, or the extension of a quarterly Restricted Period, will not relieve that person of the obligation not to transact in Company Securities while aware of material non-public information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **5.5<u>PENSION FUND BLACKOUT PERIO</u>** **<u>D</u>**

To the extent required by Section 306 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act"), directors and officers will be prohibited from engaging in any transaction in our equity securities during any pension fund or retirement fund "blackout period" (as defined in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act) with respect to such equity security if such director or officer acquires the equity security in connection with his or her service or employment.

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6. RULE 10b5-1 TRADING PLANS

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **6.1<u>Overview AND REQUIR</u>** **<u>EMENTS</u>**

Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act provides an affirmative defense from insider trading liability if transactions occur pursuant to a previously established "trading plan" that meets the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 (a "10b5-1 Plan"). This Policy requires that a 10b5-1 Plan be reviewed and pre-approved by the Company's General Counsel and Chief Financial Officer prior to its adoption, amendment, modification, replacement, or termination and a 10b5-1 plan may not be adopted, amended, modified, replaced, or terminated during a Restricted Period. As part of the pre-approval process, the Company may require that the 10b5-1 Plan be instituted and maintained through the brokerage firm the Company uses for its equity compensation plan. Purchases or sales of Company Securities by those subject to this Policy made pursuant to, and in compliance with, a 10b5-1 Plan may occur even when the person who has entered into the plan is aware of material non-public information and may be made without further pre-clearance at the time of the transaction. Once the 10b5-1 Plan is adopted, the person must not exercise any influence over the securities to be traded, the price at which they are to be traded, or the date of the trade.

In general, Rule 10b5-1 also requires that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a.The 10b5-1 Plan specifies the dates, prices, and amounts of the contemplated trades, or establishes a formula, algorithm, or computer program, for determining such dates, prices, and amounts;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b.The 10b5-1 Plan was adopted, amended, modified, replaced, or terminated in good faith, in compliance with all the requirements of Rule 10b5-1, at the time when such person was not in possession of material non-public information about the Company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; c.The 10b5-1 Plan includes a representation certifying that, at the time of the adoption of a new or modified 10b5-1 Plan, the Covered Person adopting the plan is not aware of any material non-public information about the Company or its securities and (ii) is adopting the 10b5-1 Plan in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade the prohibitions of Rule 10b-5; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d.The 10b5-1 Plan was not adopted, amended, modified, replaced, or terminated during a blackout period.

All persons entering into a 10b5-1 Plan must act in good faith with respect to such plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **6.2<u>MANDATORY COOLING-OFF PERIODS AND Prohibition on OVERLAPPI</u>** **<u>NG PLANS</u>**

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Rule 10b5-1 requires a minimum "cooling-off" period between the establishment or modification of a 10b5-1 Plan and commencement of any transactions under such plan. Company directors and officers are prohibited from trading pursuant to a 10b5-1 Plan until the later of (i) ninety (90) days following the 10b5-1 Plan's adoption or modification or (ii) two (2) business days following the Company's disclosure of its financial results for the fiscal quarter in which the 10b5-1 Plan was adopted or modified in an Annual Report on Form 10-K or a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q; provided, however, that this cooling-off period will not exceed one hundred twenty (120) days following the adoption or modification of the 10b5-1 Plan. Any person other than Company directors and officers may not trade pursuant to a 10b5-1 Plan until thirty (30) days after the adoption or modification of such plan.

A person may not enter into overlapping 10b5-1 Plans (subject to certain exceptions) and may only enter into one single-trade 10b5-1 Plan (i.e., a trading plan designed to effect the open market purchase or sale of all of the securities covered by such plan in a single transaction) during any 12-month period (subject to certain exceptions).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **6.3<u>Company disclosure obligati</u>** **<u>ons</u>**

In connection with an entry into any 10b5-1 Plan, officers and directors agree to promptly provide to the Company upon request any information relating to the 10b5-1 Plan that would assist the Company in timely satisfying its disclosure obligations in connection with required Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, proxy statements, filings on Forms 3, 4, and 5, and other required or permitted SEC filings.

7. QUESTIONS AND ADDITIONAL GUIDANCE

Any person who has a question about this Policy or its application to any proposed transaction may obtain additional guidance from the Company's Legal Department and Chief Financial Officer.

8. CERTIFICATION

All Insiders subject to this Policy must certify their understanding of, and intent to comply with, this Policy.

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## Exhibit 23.1

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We have issued our reports dated February 25, 2026, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting included in the Annual Report of The Bancorp, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said reports in the Registration Statements of The Bancorp, Inc. on Form S-8 File Nos. 333-210979, 333 -225532, 333-238257, 333-267145, 333-279827 and 333-238257 and on Form S-3 No. 333-213977.

/s/ Crowe LLP

Fort Lauderdale, Florida

February 25, 2026

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## Exhibit 23.2

Exhibit 23.2

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**CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

We have issued our report dated February 29, 2024 (except for Note 18, as to which the date is April 7, 2025), with respect to the consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report of The Bancorp, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said report in the Registration Statements of The Bancorp, Inc. on Forms S-8 (File No. 333-210979, File No. 333-225532, File No. 333-238257, and File No. 333-267145).

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

February 25, 2026

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## Exhibit 31.1

Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION

I, Damian Kozlowski, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 of The Bancorp, Inc. (the "Registrant");

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Based on my knowledge, the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Date: February 25, 2026  | &nbsp;&nbsp; /s/ DAMIAN KOZLOWSKI |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp; Damian Kozlowski |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp; Chief Executive Officer<br> (Principal Executive Officer) |

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## Exhibit 31.2

Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION

I, Dominic Canuso, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 of The Bancorp, Inc. (the "Registrant");

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3. Based on my knowledge, the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5. The Registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Date: February 25, 2026 | /s/ Dominic Canuso |
|  | Dominic Canuso<br> Chief Financial Officer <br> (Principal Financial Officer)<br>|

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## Exhibit 32.1

Exhibit 32.1CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of The Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K, as amended, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Damian Kozlowski, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| February 25, 2026 | /s/ DAMIAN KOZLOWSKI |
| Dated | Damian Kozlowski<br> Chief Executive Officer<br> (Principal Executive Officer)<br>|

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## Exhibit 32.2

Exhibit 32.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of The Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K, as amended, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Dominic Canuso, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| February 25, 2026 | /s/ Dominic Canuso |
| Dated | Dominic Canuso <br> Chief Financial Officer <br> (Principal Financial Officer) |

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