# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001431959
**File Stem:** 0001193125-23-032700
**Filing Date:** 2023-2
**Character Count:** 173360
**Document Hash:** 3f4a25085cc60340d117086a0670411a
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001193125-23-032700.hdr.sgml**: 20230210

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001193125-23-032700

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 16

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20230210

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Results of Operations and Financial Condition

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Financial Statements and Exhibits

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230210

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230210

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** META MATERIALS INC.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001431959
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SEMICONDUCTORS & RELATED DEVICES [3674]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 743237581
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** NV
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-36247
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23612681

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1 RESEARCH DRIVE
- **CITY:** DARTMOUTH
- **STATE:** A5
- **ZIP:** B2Y 4M9
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 1-902-482-5729

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1 RESEARCH DRIVE
- **CITY:** DARTMOUTH
- **STATE:** A5
- **ZIP:** B2Y 4M9

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** TORCHLIGHT ENERGY RESOURCES INC
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20110303

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Pole Perfect Studios, Inc.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20080409

?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ? 8-K

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### UNITED STATES

### SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

#### Washington, D.C. 20549

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### FORM 8-K

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#### CURRENT REPORT

#### Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

#### of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934

#### Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported)

#### February 10, 2023

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## Meta Materials Inc.

#### (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Nevada** | **001-36247** | **74-3237581** |
| **(State or other jurisdiction<br>of incorporation)** | **(Commission<br>File Number)** | **(IRS Employer<br>Identification No.)** |

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#### 1 Research Drive

#### Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada B2Y 4M9

#### (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(902) 482-5729

#### (Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

#### Not Applicable

#### (Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

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Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading<br>Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange<br>on which registered** |
| Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | MMAT | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC |

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 1.01** | **Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.**  |

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On February 10, 2023, Meta Materials Inc. (the "Company") entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the "Sales Agreement"), by and among the Company, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., B. Riley Securities, Inc., and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (each, an "Agent" and together, the "Agents"), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through the Agents, acting as its agent, or directly to the Agents acting as principal, shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 (the "Shares").

The offer and sale of the Shares will be made pursuant to the Company's shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-268282) (the "Registration Statement") that was declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on November 18, 2022, and a related prospectus supplement, which the Company filed with the SEC on February 10, 2023.

The Company is not obligated to sell any Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the Agents have agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with their normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations, to sell Shares from time to time in accordance with the Company's instructions including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose.

Under the Sales Agreement, the Agents may sell Shares by any method permitted by law and deemed to be an "at the market offering" as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder, including by ordinary brokers' transactions through the facilities of The Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices, in block transactions or as otherwise permitted by law. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, the Company may also from time to time sell Shares to the Agents as principals.

The Sales Agreement may be terminated for any reason, at any time by either the Company or the Agents upon the prior written notice to the other parties.

The Company has agreed to pay the Agents an aggregate commission equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sales of Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement and has agreed to provide the Agents with customary indemnification and contribution rights. The Company will also reimburse the Agents for certain specified expenses in connection with entering into and maintaining the Sales Agreement. The Sales Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and conditions to the placements of the Shares pursuant thereto.

The foregoing summary of the Sales Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Sales Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 hereto and incorporated herein by reference. The Sales Agreement contains representations and warranties that the parties made to, and solely for the benefit of, the other in the context of all of the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement and in the context of the specific relationship between the parties. The provisions of the Sales Agreement, including the representations and warranties contained therein, are not for the benefit of any party other than the parties to the Sales Agreement and are not intended as a document for investors and the public to obtain factual information about the Company's current state of affairs. Rather, investors and the public should look to other disclosures contained in the Company's filings with the SEC.

Ballard Spahr, counsel to the Company, has issued a legal opinion relating to the validity of the Shares being offered pursuant to the Sales Agreement. A copy of such legal opinion, including the consent included therein, is filed as Exhibit 5.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 2.02** | **Results of Operations and Financial Condition.**  |

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On February 10, 2023, the Company filed a prospectus supplement with the SEC in connection with the Sales Agreement, which contained certain preliminary estimated financial information as of and for the quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 presented below. The preliminary

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estimated financial information has been prepared by, and is the responsibility of, the Company's management. KPMG LLP, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, has not audited, reviewed, compiled or performed any procedures with respect to the preliminary estimated financial information provided below.

On December 14, 2022, the Company completed the spin-off of Next Bridge Hydrocarbons, Inc. ("NBH") by distributing the Company's equity interests in NBH to holders of its Series A Non-Voting Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Spin-off") and recognized note and loan receivables as part of the associated transactions. As of December 31, 2022, the balance of these notes and loan receivables consisted of $20 million principal excluding interest and other adjustments relating to costs associated with the Spin-off.

The Company's preliminary unaudited estimates for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 are as follows:

• $11.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of December 31, 2022;

• $1.4 million in consolidated total revenue for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022;

• $10.2 million in consolidated total revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022;

• Between $21 and $30 million in consolidated comprehensive loss for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022;

• Between $91 and $100 million in consolidated comprehensive loss for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022;

• Between $(0.06) and $(0.09) loss per share for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022; and

• Between $(0.26) and $(0.29) loss per share for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company's preliminary estimates of these financial results are based solely on information available to it as of the date of this Current Report on Form 8-K and are inherently uncertain and subject to change, including finalizing accounting for the Spin-off and the impact of any adjustments pertaining to business combinations made during the measurement period. The Company's actual results remain subject to the completion of management's final review and other closing procedures, as well as the completion of the audit of its annual consolidated financial statements. These preliminary estimates are not a comprehensive statement of the Company's expected financial results for the three-month period and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and should not be viewed as a substitute for full financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, these preliminary estimates for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be achieved in any future period. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on these preliminary estimated financial results. The Company's actual audited consolidated financial statements and related notes as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 will be reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the quarter and year when they are completed and publicly disclosed.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 9.01** | **Financial Statements and Exhibits**  |

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(d) Exhibits.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br> **&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;** | **Description** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.1 | [Opinion of Ballard Spahr](d435775dex51.htm) |
| 10.1 | [At Market Issuance Sales Agreement dated February 10, 2023, by and between the Company and the Agents](d435775dex101.htm) |
| 23.1 | [Consent of Ballard Spahr. (included in Exhibit 5.1).](d435775dex51.htm) |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |

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#### SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **META MATERIALS INC.** | **META MATERIALS INC.** |
| Date: February 10, 2023 | By: | /s/ Ken Rice |
|  |  | Ken Rice |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer & Chief Operating Officer |

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## Exhibit 5.1

**Exhibit 5.1**![LOGO](g435775dsp51.jpg)

![LOGO](g435775dsp51a.jpg)

February 10, 2023

Meta Materials Inc.

1 Research Drive

Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada B2Y 4M9

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Re:** | **Meta Materials Inc.**  |

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**Registration Statement on Form S-3** 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to Meta Materials Inc., a Nevada corporation (the "<u>Company</u>"), in connection with the offering by the Company of up to $100,000,000 of shares (the "<u>Shares</u>") of the Company's common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "<u>Common Stock</u>"), pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated as of the date hereof and the accompanying base prospectus dated November 18, 2022 (such documents, collectively, the "<u>Prospectus</u>"), that form a part of the Company's effective Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-268282) (the "<u>Registration Statement</u>") filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "<u>Commission</u>") under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "<u>Securities Act</u>") and declared effective on November 18, 2022. The Shares are to be sold by the Company pursuant to an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, dated as of February 10, 2023 (the "<u>Agreement</u>"), entered into by the Company and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., B. Riley Securities, Inc., D. A. Davison & Co. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (collectively, the "<u>Agents</u>").

We have examined, and relied upon the accuracy of factual matters contained in, as applicable, executed original or counterparts of the following documents: (a) the Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company filed with the Nevada Secretary of State on June 24, 2021, as amended; (b) the Company's Amended and Restated Bylaws dated October 26, 2016; (c) the resolutions adopted by the Company's board of directors (including any committee thereof) authorizing, amongst other items, the issuance and sale of the Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement; (d) the Registration Statement; (e) the Prospectus Supplement; and (f) the Agreement. We have also examined such corporate records and other agreements, documents and instruments, and such certificates or comparable documents of public officials and officers and representatives of the Company and have made such inquiries of such officers and representatives and have considered such matters of law as we have deemed appropriate as the basis for the opinion hereinafter set forth.

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Meta Materials Inc.

February 10, 2023

In such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed or photostatic copies and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents. As to all questions of fact material to this opinion that have not been independently established, we have relied upon certificates or comparable documents of officers and representatives of the Company.

Based upon the foregoing and subject to the assumptions, exceptions, limitations and qualifications set forth herein, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized and, when, as and if, paid for in accordance with the Agreement, such Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

This opinion is limited to the present laws of the State of Nevada. We express no opinion as to the laws of any other jurisdiction, of the United States of America, or to any state "Blue Sky" laws and regulations, and no opinion regarding the statutes, administrative decisions, rules and regulations or requirements of any county, municipality or subdivision or other local authority of any jurisdiction.

We do not undertake to advise you or anyone else of any changes in the opinions expressed herein resulting from changes in law, changes in fact or any other matters that hereafter might occur or be brought to our attention.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as an exhibit the Registration Statement and to the reference to us under the heading "Legal Matters" in the prospectus forming part of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

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| |
|:---|
| Very truly yours, |
| /s/ Ballard Spahr LLP |
| Ballard Spahr LLP |

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## Exhibit 10.1

**Exhibit 10.1** 

Execution Copy

**Meta Materials Inc.** 

**Common Stock** 

**(par value $0.001 per share)** 

**At Market Issuance Sales Agreement** 

February 10, 2023

Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

B. Riley Securities, Inc.

Roth Capital Partners, LLC

c/o Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

640 5<sup>th</sup> Avenue, 4<sup>th</sup> Floor

New York, NY 10019

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Meta Materials Inc., a Nevada corporation (the "<u>Company</u>"), confirms its agreement (this "<u>Agreement</u>") with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. ("<u>Ladenburg</u>"), B. Riley Securities, Inc. ("<u>B. Riley</u>") and Roth Capital Partners, LLC ("<u>Roth</u>"), each as sales agent and/or principal (each, an "<u>Agent</u>" and together, the "<u>Agents</u>") as follows:

1. <u>Issuance and Sale of Shares</u>. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "<u>Common Stock</u>") from time to time through the applicable Agent acting as sales agent or directly to the applicable Agent acting as principal (such shares of Common Stock sold pursuant to this Agreement, the "<u>Shares</u>"), *provided however*, that in no event shall the Company issue or sell through an Agent, or to an Agent, such number of Shares that (a) exceeds the number of shares of Common Stock or dollar amount registered on the effective Registration Statement (as defined below) pursuant to which the offering is being made, or (b) exceeds the number of shares or dollar amount registered on the Prospectus (as defined below), or (c) exceeds the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock or (d) exceeds the number or dollar amount of shares of Common Stock permitted to be sold under Form S-3 (the lesser of (a), (b), (c) and (d), the "<u>Maximum Amount</u>"). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this <u>Section</u> <u>1</u> on the number of Shares issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company and that the Agents shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance. The issuance and sale of Shares through or to an Agent acting as sales agent or as principal will be effected (i) by means of transactions that are deemed to be "at-the-market" offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the "<u>Securities Act</u>"), including block trades, ordinary brokers' transactions on Nasdaq or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices, or by any other method permitted by law and (ii) pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined below), although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement to issue any Shares.

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The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "<u>Commission</u>") and the Commission has declared effective, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act, a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-268282) (the "<u>Current Registration Statement</u>"), including a prospectus relating to the Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the "<u>Exchange Act</u>"). The Company will prepare and file with the Commission a prospectus supplement to the prospectus included as part of such registration statement specifically relating to the Shares (the "<u>Prospectus Supplement</u>"). The Company will furnish or make available to the Agents, for use by the Agents, copies of the prospectus relating to the Shares included as part of such registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement. Except where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement, and any post-effective amendment thereto, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act or any subsequent registration statement on Form S-3 filed pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act by the Company to cover any securities registered pursuant the Current Registration Statement, including any Shares, as a result of the end of the three-year period described in Rule 415(a)(5) of the Securities Act, is herein called the "<u>Registration Statement</u>." The prospectus specifically relating to the Shares, including all documents incorporated or deemed incorporated therein by reference to the extent such information has not been superseded or modified in accordance with Rule 412 under the Securities Act (as qualified by Rule 430B(g) of the Securities Act), included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which such prospectus and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, is herein called the "<u>Prospectus</u>." Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference therein, and any reference herein to the terms "amend," "amendment" or "supplement" with respect to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document with the Commission deemed to be incorporated by reference therein (the "<u>Incorporated Documents</u>").

For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include the most recent copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval system, or if applicable, the Interactive Data Electronic Application system when used by the Commission (collectively, "<u>EDGAR</u>").

2. <u>Placements</u>. Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Shares hereunder (each, a "<u>Placement</u>"), it will notify the applicable Agent by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) of the number of Shares or dollar amount, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Shares that may be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a "<u>Placement Notice</u>"), the form of which is attached hereto as <u>Schedule 1</u>. The receipt of each such Placement Notice shall be promptly acknowledged by the applicable Agent by email confirmation to the Company. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the officers of the Company set forth on <u>Schedule 2</u> (with a copy to each of the other officers from the Company listed on such schedule),

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and shall be addressed to each of the designees from the applicable Agent set forth on <u>Schedule 2</u>, as such <u>Schedule 2</u> may be amended from time to time. Provided that the Company is otherwise in compliance with the terms of this Agreement, the Placement Notice shall be effective immediately upon receipt by the applicable Agent unless and until (i) the applicable Agent declines to accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion, (ii) the entire amount of the Shares thereunder have been sold, (iii) the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice, or (iv) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>13</u>. The amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to be paid by the Company to the applicable Agent in connection with the sale of the Shares shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in <u>Schedule 3</u>. It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor the applicable Agent will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to the applicable Agent and the applicable Agent does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of <u>Sections 2</u> or <u>3</u> of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control. On any Trading Day (as defined herein), the Company may sell Shares through only one Agent. On any Trading Day, the Company shall give at least one Business Day's (as defined below) prior written notice to the Agents as to any change of the Agent through whom sales of Shares as sales agent will be made.

3. <u>Sale of Shares by an Agent</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, for the period specified in a Placement Notice, the applicable Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the Exchange, to sell the Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of, such Placement Notice. The applicable Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Shares sold on such day, the compensation payable by the Company to the applicable Agent pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>2</u> with respect to such sales, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by the applicable Agent (as set forth in <u>Section</u> <u>5(b)</u>) from the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of a Placement Notice, the applicable Agent agrees that all sales of the Shares by the applicable Agent will be made only by methods permitted by law and deemed to be an "at the market offering" as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act. Subject to the terms of a Placement Notice, the applicable Agent may also sell Shares by any other method permitted by law, including but not limited to privately negotiated transactions, with the Company's consent. "<u>Trading Day</u>" means any day on which Common Stock is purchased and sold on the Exchange. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event the Company engages an Agent as sales agent or principal for the sale of Shares that would not be an "at-the-market" transaction, the Company and such Agent will negotiate the compensation for such Agent and consider if any additional filings with the Commission shall be necessary.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. For such time as the applicable Agent is actively offering Shares pursuant to this Agreement, the applicable Agent shall not for its own account engage in (i) any short sale of any security of the Company, (ii) any sale of any security of the Company that the applicable Agent does not own for the account of the applicable Agent or any sale which is consummated by the delivery of a security of the Company borrowed by, or for the account of, the applicable Agent, or (iii) any market making, bidding, purchasing, stabilization or other trading activity with regard to the Common Stock or related derivative securities, or attempting to induce another person to do any of the foregoing, if such activity would be prohibited under Regulation M or other anti-manipulation rules under the Securities Act. Neither the applicable Agent nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries shall engage in any proprietary trading or trading for the applicable Agent's (or its affiliates' or subsidiaries') own account. For the avoidance of doubt, this restriction shall not apply to transactions by or on behalf of any customer of the applicable Agent or transactions by the applicable Agent to facilitate any such transactions by or on behalf of any customer of the appliable Agent.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. No Agent shall have any obligation to purchase Shares as principal, whether from the Company or otherwise, unless the Company and the applicable Agent agree as set forth below. The applicable Agent's commitment to purchase Shares from the Company as principal shall be deemed to have been made on the basis of the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company, and performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations, herein contained and shall be subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth.

4. <u>Suspension of Sales</u>. The Company or the Agent through or to whom the sale of Shares are to be made may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals or designees of the other party set forth on <u>Schedule 2</u>, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals or designees to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence to each of the individuals or designees of the other party set forth on <u>Schedule 2</u>), suspend any sale of Shares (a "<u>Suspension</u>"); *provided*, *however*, that such Suspension shall not affect or impair any party's obligations with respect to any Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice. While a Suspension is in effect, any obligation under <u>Sections 7(l)</u>, <u>7(m)</u>, <u>7(n)</u>, <u>7(o)</u> and <u>7(p)</u> with respect to the delivery of certificates, opinions, negative assurance letters or comfort letters to the Agent, shall be waived. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this <u>Section</u> <u>4</u> shall be effective against any other party unless it is made to one of the individuals or designees named on <u>Schedule 2</u> hereto and acknowledged in accordance with this <u>Section</u> <u>4</u>, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.

5. <u>Sale and Delivery to the Agent; Settlement</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. <u>Sale of Shares</u>. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, upon the applicable Agent's acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the applicable Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the Exchange to sell such Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of, such Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that the applicable Agent will be successful in selling Shares, (ii) the applicable Agent will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Shares for any reason other than a

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failure by the applicable Agent to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations and the rules of the Exchange to sell such Shares as required under this Agreement and (iii) the applicable Agent shall be under no obligation to purchase Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by the applicable Agent and the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. <u>Settlement of Shares</u>. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Shares will occur on the second (2nd) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way trading) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a "<u>Settlement Date</u>"). The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Shares sold (the "<u>Net Proceeds</u>") will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by the applicable Agent, after deduction for (i) the applicable Agent's commission, discount or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>2</u> hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. <u>Delivery of Shares</u>. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer the Shares being sold by crediting the applicable Agent's or its designee's account (provided that the applicable Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee at least one Trading Day prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System ("<u>DWAC</u>") or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, the applicable Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The applicable Agent will be responsible for providing DWAC instructions or instructions for delivery by other means with respect to the transfer of the Shares being sold. The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver Shares on a Settlement Date through no fault of the applicable Agent, then in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in <u>Section</u> <u>11(a)</u> hereto, it will (i) hold the applicable Agent harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or reasonable, documented expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable) and (ii) pay to the applicable Agent (without duplication) any commission, discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. <u>Limitations on Offering Size</u>. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Shares if, after giving effect to the sale of such Shares, the aggregate number of Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement would exceed the lesser of (A) together with all sales of Shares under this Agreement, the Maximum Amount, (B) the amount available for offer and sale under the currently effective Registration Statement and (C) the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by the Company's board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the applicable Agent in writing. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than the minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company's board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to the applicable Agent in writing.

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Further, under no circumstances shall the Company cause or permit the aggregate offering amount of Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement to exceed the Maximum Amount.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e. <u>Sales Through Agent</u>. The Company agrees that any offer to sell, any solicitation of an offer to buy, or any sales of Shares shall only be effected by or through the applicable Agent, and only the applicable Agent, on any single given date.

6. <u>Representations and Warranties of the Company</u>. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including the Incorporated Documents), the Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with the Agents that as of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below), unless such representation, warranty or agreement specifies a different date or time:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. <u>Registration Statement and Prospectus</u>. The Company and, assuming no act or omission on the part of the Agents that would make such statement untrue, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements for and comply with the conditions for the use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has been filed with the Commission and has been declared effective under the Securities Act. The Prospectus Supplement will name Ladenburg, B. Riley and Roth as the Agents in the section entitled "Plan of Distribution." In connection with a sale of Shares to one or more Agents, the Company shall, if requested by such Agents, prepare and file with the Commission a pricing supplement with respect to the offer and sale of such Shares. The Company has not received, and has no notice of, any order of the Commission preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, or threatening or instituting proceedings for that purpose. The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Shares as contemplated hereby meet the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said Rule. Any statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement have been so described or filed. Copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any such amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed with the Commission on or prior to the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to the Agents and their counsel. The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution of the Shares, will not distribute, any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares, other than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) to which the Agents have consented, any such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. The Common Stock is currently quoted on the Exchange. The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from the Exchange which has not been remedied to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of the Exchange. The Company has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. <u>No Misstatement or Omission</u>. At each Settlement Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of such date, will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, did not, and will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and

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any amendment and supplement thereto, on the date thereof and at each Applicable Time (defined below), did not or will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement did not, and any further documents filed and incorporated by reference therein will not, when filed with the Commission, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, the Agents' Information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. <u>Conformity with Securities Act and Exchange Act</u>. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, and the Incorporated Documents, when such documents were or are filed with the Commission under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. <u>Financial Information</u>. The consolidated financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, together with the related notes and schedules, present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of the dates indicated and the consolidated results of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders' equity of the Company for the periods specified and have been prepared in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act, as applicable, as in effect as of the time of filing and in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as in effect as of the time of filing ("<u>GAAP</u>") applied on a consistent basis (except (i) for such adjustments to accounting standards and practices as are noted therein and (ii) in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed or summary statements) during the periods involved; the other financial and statistical data with respect to the Company contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, are accurately and fairly presented in all material respects and prepared on a basis materially consistent with the financial statements and books and records of the Company; there are no financial statements (historical or pro forma) that are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or the Prospectus that are not included or incorporated by reference as required; the Company does not have any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent (including any off balance sheet obligations), not described in the Registration Statement (including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference thereto) and the Prospectus, which are required to be described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference thereto); and all disclosures contained or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, if any, regarding "non-GAAP financial measures" (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, to the extent applicable.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e. <u>Conformity with EDGAR Filing</u>. The Prospectus delivered or made available to the Agents for use in connection with the sale of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the Prospectus created to be transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f. <u>Organization</u>. The Company is and will be, duly organized, validly existing as a corporation and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization. The Company is, and will be, duly licensed or qualified as a foreign corporation for transaction of business and in good standing under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such license or qualification, and has all corporate power and authority necessary to own or hold its properties and to conduct its businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference thereto), except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect or would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the assets, business, operations, earnings, properties, condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, stockholders' equity or results of operations of the Company taken as a whole, or prevent the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby (a "<u>Material Adverse Effect</u>").

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g. <u>Subsidiaries</u>. The subsidiaries set forth on <u>Schedule 4</u> hereto (each, a "<u>Subsidiary</u>" and collectively, the "<u>Subsidiaries</u>") are the Company's only significant subsidiaries (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission). Each Subsidiary is duly organized and validly existing as a corporation or other entity under the laws of its respective jurisdictions of organization and is in good standing under such laws. Each of the Subsidiaries has requisite corporate or other organizational power to carry on its business as described in the Prospectus. Each of the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in all jurisdictions in which the conduct of its business requires such qualification; except where the failure to be so qualified or to be in good standing would not result in a Material Adverse Effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h. <u>No Violation or Default</u>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries are (i) in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which the Company is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company, except, in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such violation or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company's knowledge, no other party under any material contract or other agreement to which it or any of its Subsidiaries is a party is in default in any respect thereunder where such default would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i. <u>No Material Adverse Effect</u>. Since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, there has not been (i) any Material Adverse Effect, or any development involving a prospective Material Adverse Effect, in or affecting the business, properties, management, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, or prospects of the Company or its

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Subsidiaries, (ii) other than the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, any transaction which is material to the Company or its Subsidiaries, (iii) any obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by the Company or its Subsidiaries, which is material to the Company or its Subsidiaries, (iv) any material change in the capital stock (other than (A) the grant of additional options or other equity awards under the Company's existing stock option plans, (B) changes in the number of outstanding Common Stock of the Company due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof, (C) as a result of the issuance of Shares, (D) any repurchases of capital stock of the Company or (E) otherwise publicly announced) or outstanding long-term indebtedness of the Company or (v) any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of the Company, other than in each case above (A) in the ordinary course of business or, (B) as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus (including any document incorporated by reference therein).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j. <u>Capitalization</u>. The issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and, other than as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, are not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or similar rights. The Company has an authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as of the dates referred to therein (other than (i) the grant of additional options or other equity awards under the Company's existing stock option plans, (ii) changes in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof, (iii) as a result of the issuance of Shares, or (iv) any repurchases of capital stock of the Company), and such authorized capital stock conforms in all material respects to the description thereof set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. The description of the Common Stock in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus is complete and accurate in all material respects.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;k. <u>S-3 Eligibility; Actively Traded Security</u>. (i) At the time of filing the Registration Statement and (ii) at the time of the most recent amendment thereto for the purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective amendment, incorporated report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or form of prospectus), the Company met the then applicable requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The sale of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement meets the requirements of General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3. As of the date of this Agreement, the Common Stock is an "actively-traded security" exempted from the requirements of Rule 101 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act by subsection (c)(1) of such rule.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l. <u>Authorization; Enforceability</u>. The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that (i) enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally and by general equitable principles and (ii) the indemnification and contribution provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> hereof may be limited by federal or state securities laws and public policy considerations in respect thereof.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m. <u>Authorization of Shares</u>. The Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to the terms approved by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee, against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim (other than any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim arising from an act or omission of the Agents or a purchaser), including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Shares, when issued, will conform in all material respects to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n. <u>No Consents Required</u>. No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or any governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, and the issuance and sale by the Company of the Shares as contemplated hereby, except for the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act and pursuant to the Registration Statement which has been completed, and such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as may be required under applicable state securities laws or by the by-laws and rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("<u>FINRA</u>") or the Exchange, including any notices that may be required by Exchange, in connection with the sale of the Shares by the Agents.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;o. <u>No Preferential Rights</u>. (i) No person, as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a "<u>Person</u>"), has the right, contractual or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company (other than upon the exercise of options or warrants to purchase Common Stock or upon the exercise of options that may be granted from time to time under the Company's stock option plans), (ii) no Person has any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal, or any other rights (whether pursuant to a "poison pill" provision or otherwise) to purchase any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company from the Company which have not been duly waived with respect to the offering contemplated hereby, (iii) no Person has the right to act as an underwriter or as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with the offer and sale of the Common Stock, and (iv) no Person has the right, contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other securities in the Registration Statement or the offering contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the sale of the Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise, except in each case for such rights as have been waived on or prior to the date hereof.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;p. <u>Independent Public Accountant</u>. The Company's accountants whose report on the consolidated financial statements of the Company is filed with or incorporated into the Commission as part of the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission and incorporated into the Registration Statement, are and, during the periods covered by their report, were independent public accountants within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). To the Company's knowledge, following due inquiry, the Company's accountants are not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the "<u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</u>") with respect to the Company.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;q. <u>Enforceability of Agreements</u>. All agreements between the Company and third parties expressly referenced in the Prospectus, other than such agreements that have expired by their terms or whose termination is disclosed in documents filed by the Company on EDGAR, are legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their respective terms, against the Company and, to the Company's knowledge, the other parties thereto, except to the extent that (i) enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally and by general equitable principles and (ii) the indemnification provisions of certain agreements may be limited by federal or state securities laws or public policy considerations in respect thereof, and except for any unenforceability that, individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;r. <u>No Litigation</u>. Except those disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there are no legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings pending, nor, to the Company's knowledge, any legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, to which the Company or its Subsidiaries is a party or to which any property of the Company or its Subsidiaries is the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or its Subsidiaries, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or materially and adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement; to the Company's knowledge, no such actions, suits or proceedings are threatened or contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (i) there are no current or pending legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings, or, to the Company's knowledge, investigations, that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the Prospectus that are not described in the Prospectus including any Incorporated Document; and (ii) there are no contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not so filed.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s. <u>Licenses and Permits</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries possess and have obtained all licenses, certificates, consents, orders, approvals, permits and other authorizations issued by, and have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (the "<u>Permits</u>"), except where the failure to possess, obtain or make the same would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries have not received written notice of any proceeding relating to revocation or modification of any such Permit or has any reason to believe that such Permit will not be renewed in the ordinary course, except where the failure to obtain any such renewal would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;t. <u>No Material Defaults</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries have not defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not filed a report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since the filing of its last Annual Report on Form 10-K, indicating that it (i) has failed to pay any dividend or sinking fund installment on preferred stock or (ii) has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;u. <u>Certain Market Activities</u>. Neither the Company, nor any of its directors, officers or controlling persons has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed, or that has constituted or would reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;v. <u>Broker/Dealer Relationships</u>. Neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries nor any related entities (i) are required to register as a "broker" or "dealer" in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act or (ii) directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is a "person associated with a member" or "associated person of a member" (within the meaning set forth in the FINRA Manual).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;w. <u>Reliance</u>. The Company has not relied upon the Agents or legal counsel for the Agents for any legal, tax or accounting advice in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;x. <u>Taxes</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns which have been required to be filed and paid all taxes shown thereon through the date hereof, to the extent that such taxes have become due and are not being contested in good faith, except where the failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise disclosed in or contemplated by the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, no tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or its Subsidiaries which has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge of any federal, state or other governmental tax deficiency, penalty or assessment which has been asserted or threatened against it which would have a Material Adverse Effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;y. <u>Title to Real and Personal Property</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and valid title in fee simple to all items of real property and good and valid title to all personal property described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being owned by them that are material to the businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries, in each case, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and claims, except those that would reasonably be expected to not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Any real property described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus as being leased by the Company or its Subsidiaries is held by them under valid, existing and enforceable leases, except those that would not be reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z. <u>Intellectual Property</u>. To the Company's knowledge, the Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess adequate enforceable rights to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks (both registered and unregistered), service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses and know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures) (collectively, the "<u>Intellectual Property</u>"), necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as conducted as of the date hereof; the Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any claim of infringement or conflict which asserted Intellectual Property rights of others, which infringement or conflict, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect; there are no pending, or to the Company's knowledge, threatened judicial proceedings or interference proceedings against the Company or its Subsidiaries challenging the Company's rights in or to or the validity of the scope of any of the Company's patents, patent applications or proprietary information; to the Company's knowledge, no other entity or individual has any right or claim in any of the Company's or its Subsidiaries' patents, patent applications or any patent to be issued therefrom by virtue of any contract, license or other agreement entered into between such entity or individual and the Company or by any non-contractual obligation, other than by written licenses granted by the Company, except for such right or claim that would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; the Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any claim challenging the rights of the Company in or to any Intellectual Property owned, licensed or optioned by the Company or its Subsidiaries which claim, if the subject of an unfavorable decision would result in a Material Adverse Effect.

aa. <u>Environmental Laws</u>. The Company (i) is in compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, decisions and orders relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, "<u>Environmental Laws</u>"); (ii) has received and is in compliance with all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; and (iii) has not received notice of any actual or potential liability for the investigation or remediation of any disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, except, in the case of any of clauses (i), (ii) or (iii) above, for any such failure to comply or failure to receive required permits, licenses, other approvals or liability as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

bb. <u>Internal Controls</u>. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company maintains systems of internal accounting controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting (other than as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus). Since the date of the latest audited financial statements of the Company included in the Prospectus, there has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting (other than as set forth

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in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus). Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company has established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information relating to the Company is made known to the certifying officers by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10- Q, as the case may be, is being prepared. The Company presented in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the most recent Evaluation Date. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, since the filing date of the Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended (such date, the "<u>Evaluation Date</u>"), there have been no significant changes in the Company's internal controls (as such term is defined in Item 307(b) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act) or, to the Company's knowledge, in other factors that could significantly affect the Company's internal controls. To the knowledge of the Company, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company's "internal controls over financial reporting" and "disclosure controls and procedures" are effective.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cc. <u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</u>. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the Company's directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Each of the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer of the Company (or each former principal executive officer of the Company and each former principal financial officer of the Company as applicable) has made all certifications required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with respect to all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by it or furnished by it to the Commission during the past 12 months. For purposes of the preceding sentence, "principal executive officer" and "principal financial officer" shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dd. <u>Finder's Fees</u>. The Company has not incurred any liability for any finder's fees, brokerage commissions or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise exist with respect to the Agents pursuant to this Agreement.

ee. <u>Labor Disputes</u>. No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is threatened which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

ff. <u>Investment Company Act</u>. Neither the Company or its Subsidiaries is or, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Shares, will be, an "investment company" or an entity "controlled" by an "investment company," as such terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "<u>Investment Company Act</u>").

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gg. <u>Operations</u>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance in all material respects with applicable financial record keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions to which the Company and its Subsidiaries are subject, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency having jurisdiction over the Company and its Subsidiaries (collectively, the "<u>Money Laundering Laws</u>"), except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or its Subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

hh. <u>Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements</u>. There are no transactions, arrangements and other relationships between and/or among the Company, and/or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of its affiliates and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to, any structured finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity (each, an "<u>Off Balance Sheet Transaction</u>") that would reasonably be expected to affect materially the Company's liquidity or the availability of or requirements for its capital resources, including those Off Balance Sheet Transactions described in the Commission's Statement about Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations (Release Nos. 33-8056; 34-45321; FR-61), required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which have not been described as required.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii. <u>Underwriter Agreements</u>. The Company is not a party to any agreement with any other agent or underwriter for any other "at the market" or continuous equity transaction.

jj. <u>ERISA</u>. To the knowledge of the Company, each material employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("<u>ERISA</u>"), that is maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company or any of its affiliates for employees or former employees of the Company has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "<u>Code</u>"); no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred which would result in a material liability to the Company with respect to any such plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; and for each such plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no "accumulated funding deficiency" as defined in Section 412 of the Code has been incurred, whether or not waived, and the fair market value of the assets of each such plan (excluding for these purposes accrued but unpaid contributions) exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such plan determined using reasonable actuarial assumptions, other than as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

kk. <u>Forward-Looking Statements</u>. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) (a "<u>Forward-Looking Statement</u>") contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith. The Forward-Looking Statements incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year most recently ended (i) except for any Forward-Looking Statement included in any financial statements and notes thereto, are, to the Company's knowledge, within the coverage of the safe harbor for forward looking statements set forth in Section 27A of the Securities Act, Rule 175(b) under the Securities Act or

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Rule 3b-6 under the Exchange Act, as applicable, (ii) were made by the Company with a reasonable basis and in good faith and reflect the Company's good faith commercially reasonable best estimate of the matters described therein as of the respective dates on which such statements were made, and (iii) have been prepared in accordance with Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ll. <u>Margin Rules</u>. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mm. <u>Insurance</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company and its Subsidiaries, as applicable, reasonably believes are adequate for the conduct of their business and as is customary for companies of similar size engaged in similar businesses in similar industries.

nn. <u>No Improper Practices</u>. (i) Neither the Company nor to the Company's knowledge, any of their respective executive officers has, in the past five years, made any unlawful contributions to any candidate for any political office (or failed fully to disclose any contribution in violation of law) or made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state, municipal, or foreign office or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duty in violation of any law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Prospectus; (ii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or, to the Company's knowledge, or any affiliate of any of the Company, on the one hand, and the directors, officers and stockholders of the Company or, on the other hand, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iii) no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any affiliate of them, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders or directors of the Company or, on the other hand, that is required by the rules of FINRA to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that is not so described; (iv) there are no material outstanding loans or advances or material guarantees of indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit of any of its officers or directors or any of the members of the families of any of them; and (v) the Company has not offered, or caused any placement agent to offer, Common Stock to any person with the intent to influence unlawfully (A) a customer or supplier of the Company to alter the customer's or supplier's level or type of business with the Company or (B) a trade journalist or publication to write or publish favorable information about the Company or any of its products or services, and, (vi) neither the Company nor, to the Company's knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company has made any payment of funds of the Company or received or retained any funds in violation of any law, rule or regulation (including, without limitation, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977), which payment, receipt or retention of funds is of a character required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.

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oo. <u>Status Under the Securities Act</u>. The Company was not and is not an ineligible issuer as defined in Rule 405 at the times specified in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the Shares.

pp. <u>No Misstatement or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus</u>. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and as of each Applicable Time (as defined in <u>Section</u> <u>25</u> below), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any incorporated document deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified. The foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Agents specifically for use therein.

qq. <u>No Conflicts</u>. Neither the execution of this Agreement, nor the issuance, offering or sale of the Shares, nor the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated herein and therein, nor the compliance by the Company with the terms and provisions hereof and thereof will conflict with, or will result in a breach of, any of the terms and provisions of, or has constituted or will constitute a default under, or has resulted in or will result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any contract or other agreement to which the Company is a party to or to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject, except such conflicts, breaches, defaults, liens, charges or encumbrances as may have been waived; nor will such action result (x) in any violation of the provisions of the organizational or governing documents of the Company, or (y) in any material violation of the provisions of any statute or any order, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or of any court or of any federal, state or other regulatory authority or other government body having jurisdiction over the Company, except where such violation would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

rr. <u>Compliance with Applicable Laws</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries are and at all times have been in material compliance with all laws applicable to the Company or a Subsidiary or their respective businesses, except for such non-compliance as would not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

ss. <u>OFAC</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) To the Company's knowledge, neither the Company (the "<u>Entity</u>") nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or representative of the Entity, is a government, individual, or entity (in this paragraph (ss), "<u>Person</u>") that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) the subject of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of
Foreign Assets Control (" <u>OFAC</u> "), the United Nations Security Council (" <u>UNSC</u> "), the European Union (" <u>EU</u> "), Her Majesty's Treasury (" <u>HMT</u> "), or other relevant sanctions authority
(collectively, " <u>Sanctions</u> "), nor

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) The Entity represents and covenants that it will not, directly or indirectly, knowingly use the proceeds of the offering, or knowingly lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at
the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person
participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) The Entity represents and covenants that, except as detailed in the Prospectus, for the past five years, it has not knowingly engaged in, is not now knowingly engaged in, and will not knowingly engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vv. <u>Privacy Laws</u>. The Company and the Subsidiaries are, and at all prior times were, in material compliance with all applicable data privacy and security laws and regulations; and the Company and the Subsidiaries have taken all necessary actions to comply in all material respects with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation ("<u>GDPR</u>") (EU 2016/679) (collectively, "<u>Privacy Laws</u>"). The Company and the Subsidiaries have in place, comply with, and take appropriate steps reasonably designed to ensure compliance in all material respects with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and security and the collection, storage, use, disclosure, handling and analysis of Personal Data (the "<u>Policies</u>"). The Company provides accurate notice of its Policies to its customers, employees, third party vendors and representatives. The Policies provide accurate and sufficient notice of the Company's then-current privacy practices relating to its subject matter and such Policies do not contain any material omissions of the Company's then-current privacy practices. "<u>Personal Data</u>" means (i) a natural persons' name, street address, telephone number, email address, photograph, social security number, bank information, or customer or account number; (ii) any information which would qualify as "personally identifying information" under the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended; (iii) "personal data" as defined by GDPR; and (iv) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family, or permits the collection or analysis of any data related to an identified person's health or sexual orientation. None of such disclosures made or contained in any of the Policies have been inaccurate, misleading, deceptive or in violation of any Privacy Laws or Policies in any material respect. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or any other agreement referred to in this Agreement will not result in a breach of any Privacy Laws or Policies. Neither the Company nor the Subsidiaries, (i) has received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any of the Privacy Laws, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii) is currently conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation or other corrective action pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any order, decree, or agreement that imposed any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law.

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ww. <u>IT Systems</u>. (i) Except as otherwise described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect, (x) there has been no security breach or attack or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company's and the Subsidiaries' information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of them), equipment or technology ("<u>IT Systems and Data</u>"), and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any security breach, attack or compromise to their IT Systems and Data, (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have complied in all material respects, and are presently in material compliance with, all applicable laws, statutes or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority and all industry guidelines, standards, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification and (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xx. <u>Stock Transfer Taxes</u>. On each Settlement Date, all material stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) which are required to be paid by the Company in connection with the sale and transfer of the Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will have been, fully paid or provided for by the Company and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied with by the Company in all material respects.

Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to any Agent or to counsel for any Agent pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to the Agent as to the matters set forth therein.

7. <u>Covenants of the Company</u>. The Company covenants and agrees with the Agents that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. <u>Registration Statement Amendments</u>. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a prospectus relating to any Shares is required to be delivered by the Agents under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act) (the "<u>Prospectus Delivery Period</u>"), (i) the Company will notify the Agents promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference or amendments not related to any Placement, has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus related to the Placement or for additional information related to the Placement, (ii) the Company will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon the Agents' request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in any Agent's reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Shares by the Agents (*provided*, *however*, that the failure of the Agents to make such request shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents' right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure to make such filing shall be to cease making sales under this

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Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed); (iii) in connection with a sale of Shares to one or more Agents, the Company shall, if requested by such Agents, prepare and file with the Commission a pricing supplement disclosing such offer and sale of Shares, will furnish the Agents or such Agent, as the case may be, with copies of any such document a reasonable amount of time prior to such proposed filing or use, as the case may be, and will not file or use any such document to which the Agents or such Agent, as the case may be, or counsel for the Agents shall reasonably object (iv) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus relating to the Shares or a security convertible into the Shares (other than an Incorporated Document) unless a copy thereof has been submitted to the Agents within a reasonable period of time before the filing and the Agents have not reasonably objected thereto within two (2) Business Days (as defined below) (*provided*, *however*, that (A) the failure of the Agents to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents' right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and (B) the Company has no obligation to provide the Agents any advance copy of such filing or to provide the Agents an opportunity to object to such filing if the filing does not name the Agents or is not related to the transaction herein provided; and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure by the Company to obtain such consent shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement), and the Company will furnish to the Agents at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; and (v) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be incorporated therein by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within the time period prescribed (the determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this <u>Section</u> <u>7(a)</u>, based on the Company's reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively by the Company).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. <u>Notice of Commission Stop Orders</u>. The Company will advise the Agents, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company will advise the Agents promptly after it receives any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Shares or for additional information related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. <u>Delivery of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes</u>. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If the Company has omitted any information from

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the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act, it will use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with the Commission pursuant to said Rule 430B and to notify the Agents promptly of all such filings. If during the Prospectus Delivery Period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such Prospectus Delivery Period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify the Agents to suspend the offering of Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance; *provided*, *however*, that the Company may delay the filing of any amendment or supplement, if in the judgment of the Company, it is in the best interest of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. <u>Listing of Shares</u>. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Shares to remain listed on the Exchange and to qualify the Shares for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions in the United States as the Agents reasonably designate and to continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Shares; *provided*, *however*, that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or dealer in securities or file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e. <u>Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus</u>. The Company will furnish to the Agents and their counsel (at the reasonable expense of the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during the Prospectus Delivery Period (including all documents filed with the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities as the Agents may from time to time reasonably request and, at the Agents' request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Shares may be made; *provided*, *however*, that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document to the Agents to the extent such document is available on EDGAR.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f. <u>Earnings Statement</u>. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 15 months after the end of the Company's current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g. <u>Use of Proceeds</u>. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled "Use of Proceeds."

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h. <u>Notice of Other Sales</u>. Without the prior written consent of the Agents, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock during the period beginning on the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered to any Agent hereunder and ending on the third (3rd) Trading Day immediately following the final Settlement Date with respect to the Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Shares covered by a Placement Notice, the date of such suspension or termination); and will not directly or indirectly in any other "at the market" or continuous equity transaction offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock prior to the termination of this Agreement; *provided*, *however*, that such restrictions and such consent will not be required in connection with the Company's issuance or sale of (i) Common Stock, options to purchase Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options, pursuant to any employee or director stock option or benefits plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not Common Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend reinvestment plan) of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented; (ii) Common Stock issuable upon conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on EDGAR or otherwise in writing to the Agents; (iii) Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock, offered and sold in a privately negotiated transaction to vendors, customers, strategic partners or potential strategic partners or other investors conducted in a manner so as not to be integrated with the offering of Common Stock hereby; and (iv) Common Stock in connection with any acquisition, strategic investment or other similar transaction (including any joint venture, strategic alliance or partnership).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i. <u>Change of Circumstances</u>. The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice, advise the applicable Agent promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to the applicable Agent pursuant to this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j. <u>Due Diligence Cooperation</u>. During the term of this Agreement, the Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Agents or their representatives in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company's principal offices, as the Agents may reasonably request.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;k. <u>Required Filings Relating to the Sale of Shares</u>. To the extent that the filing of a prospectus supplement with the Commission with respect to a sale of Shares becomes required under Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, the Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require, the Company will (i) file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (each and every filing under Rule 424(b), a "<u>Filing Date</u>"), which prospectus supplement will set forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Shares to be sold through or by the applicable Agent or Agents, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation payable by the Company to the appliable Agent or Agents with respect to such Shares, and (ii) deliver or make available such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules or regulations of such exchange or market.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l. <u>Representation Dates; Certificate</u>. Each time during the term of this Agreement that the Company:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering of securities other than the Shares) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Shares by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Shares;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) files an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A containing amended financial information or a material amendment to the previously filed Form 10-K);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) files its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) files a current report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than information "furnished" pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to the reclassification of certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) under the Exchange Act;

(Each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) shall be a "<u>Representation Date</u>."):

the Company shall furnish the Agents (but in the case of clause (iv) above only if the Agents reasonably determine that the information contained in such Form 8-K is material) with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(l)</u>. The requirement to provide a certificate under this <u>Section</u> <u>7(l)</u> shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Placement Notice is pending, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) upon the delivery of the first Placement Notice hereunder and (ii) if the Company subsequently decides to sell Shares following a Representation Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Agents with a certificate under this <u>Section</u> <u>7(l)</u>, then before any Agent sells any Shares, the Company shall provide the Agents with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(l)</u>, dated the date of the Placement Notice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m. <u>Legal Opinion</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) *<u>Company Counsel</u>*. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents the written opinion and a negative assurance letter of the Company's securities counsel, Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati LLP, or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Agents ("<u>Company Counsel</u>"), in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents. Thereafter, within five (5) Trading Days of each

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Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable, and not more than once per calendar quarter, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents the written opinion and a negative assurance letter of Company Counsel in form and substance previously agreed, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented; *provided that*, in lieu of such opinion and negative assurance for subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act, Company Counsel may furnish the Agents with a letter (a "<u>Reliance Letter</u>") to the effect that the Agents may rely on the opinion and negative assurance letter previously delivered under this Section 7(m) to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior letter shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) *<u>Nevada Counsel</u>*. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents the written opinion Nevada counsel, Ballard Spahr LLP, or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Agents ("<u>Nevada Counsel</u>"), in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents. Thereafter, within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable, and not more than once per calendar quarter, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents the written opinion of Nevada Counsel in form and substance previously agreed, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented; *provided that*, in lieu of such opinion for subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act, Nevada Counsel may furnish the Agents with a Reliance Letter to the effect that the Agents may rely on the opinion previously delivered under this Section 7(m) to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior letter shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n. <u>Intellectual Property Officer's Certificate</u>. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company by its Chief Intellectual Property Officer (the "<u>IP Officer</u>"), or other officer of the Company reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents. Thereafter, within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable, and not more than once per calendar quarter, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents the IP Officer's Certificate in form and substance previously agreed, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;o. <u>Comfort Letter</u>. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder and within five (5) Trading Days after each subsequent Representation Date, other than pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(l)(iii)</u>, the Company shall cause its independent accountants to furnish the Agents letters (the "<u>Comfort Letters</u>"), dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, which shall meet the requirements set forth in this <u>Section</u> <u>7(o)</u>; provided however, if no placement notice is pending at such Representation Date, then before the Company delivers a Placement Notice or any Agent sells any Shares, the Company shall provide the Agents with the Comfort Letter; provided,

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further, that if requested by the Agents, the Company shall cause a Comfort Letter to be furnished to the Agents within ten (10) Trading Days of such request following the date of occurrence of any restatement of the Company's financial statements. The Comfort Letter from the Company's independent accountants shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, (i) confirming that they are an independent public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB, (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants' "comfort letters" to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the "<u>Initial Comfort Letter</u>") and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;p. <u>Negative Assurance Letter</u>. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice given hereunder, the Agents shall have received a negative assurance letter from Lowenstein Sandler LLP, counsel to the Agent, or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Agents ("<u>Agent Counsel</u>"), in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents. Thereafter, within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable, and not more than once per calendar quarter, the Agents shall receive a negative assurance letter of Agent Counsel in form and substance previously agreed, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented; provided that, in lieu of such negative assurance for subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act, Agent Counsel may furnish the Agents with a Reliance Letter to the effect that the Agents may rely on the negative assurance letter previously delivered under this Section 7(p) to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior letter shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;q. <u>Market Activities</u>. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or would reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of Common Stock or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Common Stock in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Shares other than the Agents.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;r. <u>Investment Company Act</u>. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that it will not be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, an "investment company," as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s. <u>No Offer to Sell</u>. Other than an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company and the Agents in their capacity as agents hereunder pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>23</u>, none of the Agents nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Agents in their capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Shares hereunder.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;t. <u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</u>. The Company will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting its assets and maintain internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and including those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, (iii) that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management's and the Company's directors' authorization, and (iv) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements. The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain such controls and other procedures, including, without limitation, those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the applicable regulations thereunder that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to the Company is made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which such periodic reports are being prepared.

8. <u>Representations and Covenants of the Agents</u>. Each Agent represents and warrants that it is duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which the Agent is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required. Each Agent shall continue, for the term of this Agreement, to be duly registered as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Shares will be offered and sold by such Agent, except such states in which it is exempt from registration or such registration is not otherwise required, during the term of this Agreement. Each Agent shall comply with all applicable law and regulations, including but not limited to Regulation M, in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including the issuance and sale through such Agent of the Shares.

9. <u>Payment of Expenses</u>. The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i) the preparation, filing, including any fees required by the Commission, and printing of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits) as originally filed and of each amendment and supplement thereto and each Free Writing Prospectus, in such number as the Agents shall deem reasonably necessary, (ii) the printing and delivery to the Agents of this Agreement and such other documents as may be reasonably required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery of the Shares, (iii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates, if any, for the Shares to the Agents, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any capital duties, stamp duties or other duties or taxes payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Shares to the Agents, (iv) the fees

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and disbursements of the counsel, accountants and other advisors to the Company, (v) the fees and disbursements of counsel to the Agents up to $120,000 payable upon execution of this Agreement and up to $5,000 for each calendar quarter for expenses associated with ongoing due diligence; (vi) the fees and expenses of the transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock, (vii) the filing fees incident to any review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Shares, and (viii) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Shares on the Exchange.

10. <u>Conditions to the Agents' Obligations</u>. The several obligations of the Agents hereunder will be subject to the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein (other than those representations and warranties made as of a specific date or time), to the due performance in all material respects by the Company of its obligations hereunder, to the completion by the Agents of a due diligence review satisfactory to it in its reasonable judgment, and to the continuing reasonable satisfaction (or waiver by the Agents in their sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. <u>Registration Statement Effective</u>. The Registration Statement shall have become effective and shall be available for the sale of all Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. <u>No Material Notices</u>. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company of any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which have not, as of the time of such Placement Notice, been so made; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the occurrence of any event that makes any material statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, which changes shall not as of the time of such Placement have been so made.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. <u>No Misstatement or Material Omission</u>. No Agent shall have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in any Agent's reasonable opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in any Agent's reasonable opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. <u>Material Changes</u>. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company's reports filed with the Commission, there shall not have been any Material Adverse Effect, or any development that would reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Effect, or a downgrading in or withdrawal of the rating assigned to any of the Company's securities (other than asset backed securities) by any rating organization or a public announcement by any rating organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any of the Company's securities (other than asset backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a rating organization described above, in the reasonable judgment of any Agent (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise have), is so material as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e. <u>Legal Opinions</u>. The Agents shall have received the opinions and negative assurances of Company Counsel and Nevada Counsel required to be delivered pursuant <u>Section</u> <u>7(m)</u> on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinions are required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(m)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f. <u>IP Officer</u><u>'</u><u>s Certificate</u>. On or prior to the first Representation Date, the Agents shall have received a certificate, signed the Company by its Chief Intellectual Property Officer, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agents and its counsel. The Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(n)</u> on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(n).</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g. <u>Comfort Letter</u>. The Agents shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant <u>Section</u> <u>7(o)</u> on or before the date on which such delivery of such letter is required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(o)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h. <u>Representation Certificate</u>. The Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(l)</u> on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(l)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i. Negative Assurance Letter. The Agents shall have received the negative assurance letter from Agent Counsel required to be delivered pursuant <u>Section</u> <u>7(p)</u> on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinions are required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(p)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j. <u>Secretary's Certificate</u>. On or prior to the first Representation Date, the Agents shall have received a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company by its corporate Secretary, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agents and its counsel.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;k. <u>No Suspension</u>. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on the Exchange and the Common Stock shall not have been delisted from the Exchange.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l. <u>Other Materials</u>. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(l)</u>, the Company shall have furnished to the Agents such appropriate further information, certificates and documents as the Agents may reasonably request and which are usually and customarily furnished by an issuer of securities in connection with a securities offering of the type contemplated hereby.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m. <u>Securities Act Filings Made</u>. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n. <u>Approval for Listing</u>. The Shares shall either have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to notice of issuance, or the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Shares on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;o. <u>No Termination Event; Insurance</u>. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Agents to terminate this Agreement pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>13(a)</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as is reasonable and customary for the business in which it is engaged.

11. <u>Indemnification and Contribution</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. <u>Company Indemnification</u>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Agent, its partners, members, managers, directors, officers, employees and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Agent within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided that (subject to <u>Section</u> <u>11(d)</u> below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above,

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*provided*, *however*, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto) or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) solely in reliance upon and in conformity with the Agents' Information provided by the applicable Agent.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. <u>Indemnification by the Agents</u>. Each Agent agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who (i) controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with the Company against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in <u>Section</u> <u>11(a)</u>, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto) or in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Agents' Information provided by such Agent.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. <u>Procedure</u>. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this <u>Section</u> <u>11</u>, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> and (ii) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provision of this <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture or material impairment of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. Each indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying party, (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (3) a conflict or potential conflict of interest exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable and documented out-of-

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pocket fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for an indemnified party. All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly after the indemnifying party receives a written invoice relating to fees, disbursements and other charges in reasonable detail. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (1) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (2) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. <u>Contribution</u>. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs of this <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or any Agent, the Company and the applicable Agent will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than the applicable Agent, such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and the applicable Agent may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the applicable Agent on the other hand. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the applicable Agent on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total Net Proceeds from the sale of the Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total compensation received by the applicable Agent (before deducting expenses) from the sale of Shares on behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the applicable Agent, on the other hand, with respect to the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the applicable Agent, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Agents agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this <u>Section</u> <u>11(d)</u> were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this <u>Section</u> <u>11(d)</u> shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this <u>Section</u> <u>11(d)</u>, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by

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such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with <u>Section</u> <u>11(c)</u> hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this <u>Section</u> <u>11(d)</u>, no Agent shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of <u>Section</u> <u>11(f)</u> of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this <u>Section</u> <u>11(d)</u>, any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of any Agent, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each officer and director of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this <u>Section</u> <u>11(d)</u>, will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this <u>Section</u> <u>11(d)</u> except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section 11(c) hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>11(c)</u> hereof.

12. <u>Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery</u>. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in Section 11 of this Agreement and all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their respective dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of an Agent, any controlling persons, or the Company (or any of their respective officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance of the Shares and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement.

13. <u>Termination</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. An Agent may terminate this Agreement, as to itself, at any time prior to the Settlement Date by written notice to the Company as hereinafter specified at any time (1) if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement, or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any Material Adverse Effect, or any development that is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect or, in the reasonable judgment of the applicable Agent or Agents, is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Shares, (2) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the reasonable judgment of the applicable Agent or Agents, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Shares, (3) if trading in the Common Stock has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the Exchange, or if trading generally on the Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange, (4) if any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market shall have occurred and be continuing, (5) if a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance

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services in the United States shall have occurred and be continuing, or (6) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> (Payment of Expenses), <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> (Indemnification and Contribution), <u>Section</u> <u>12</u> (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), <u>Section</u> <u>18</u> (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and <u>Section</u> <u>19</u> (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If an Agent elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this <u>Section</u> <u>13(a)</u>, such Agent shall provide the required notice as specified in Section 14 (Notices).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. The Company shall have the right, by giving written notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> (Payment of Expenses), <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> (Indemnification and Contribution), <u>Section</u> <u>12</u> (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), <u>Section</u> <u>18</u> (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and <u>Section</u> <u>19</u> (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. An Agent shall have the right, by giving written notice as hereinafter specified, to terminate this Agreement, as to itself, in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> (Payment of Expenses), <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> (Indemnification and Contribution), <u>Section</u> <u>12</u> (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), <u>Section</u> <u>18</u> (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and <u>Section</u> <u>19</u> (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. Unless earlier terminated pursuant to this <u>Section</u> <u>13</u>, this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance and sale of all of the Shares through the Agents on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein except that the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> (Payment of Expenses), <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> (Indemnification and Contribution), <u>Section</u> <u>12</u> (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), <u>Section</u> <u>18</u> (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and <u>Section</u> <u>19</u> (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e. This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to <u>Sections 13(a)</u>, <u>(b)</u>, <u>(c)</u>, or <u>(d)</u> above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; *provided*, *however*, that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> (Payment of Expenses), <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> (Indemnification and Contribution), <u>Section</u> <u>12</u> (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), <u>Section</u> <u>18</u> (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and <u>Section</u> <u>19</u> (Consent to Jurisdiction) shall remain in full force and effect. Upon termination of this Agreement, the Company shall not have any liability to the Agents for any discount, commission or other compensation with respect to any Shares not otherwise sold by the Agents under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f. Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; *provided*, *however*, that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the Agents or the Company, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Shares, such Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

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14. <u>Notices</u>. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, all notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to the Agents, shall be delivered to them as applicable:

Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc.

640 5<sup>th</sup> Avenue, 4<sup>th</sup> Floor

New York, NY 10019

Attention: Joseph Giovanniello, Counsel

Tel: (212) 409-2544

Email: jgiovanniello@ladenburg.com and trading@ladenburg.com

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B. Riley Securities, Inc.

299 Park Avenue 21<sup>st</sup> Floor

New York, NY 10171

Attention: General Counsel

Email: atmdesk@brileyfin.com

Roth Capital Partners, LLC

888 San Clemente Drive, Suite 400

Newport Beach, California 92660

Attention: ATM Desk

Email: <u>atmdesk@roth.com</u>

with a copy to:

Lowenstein Sandler LLP

1251 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10020

Attention: John D. Hogoboom, Esquire

Tel: 973-597-2382

Email: jhogoboom@lowenstein.com

and if to the Company, shall be delivered to:

Meta Materials Inc.

1 Research Drive

Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4M9

Attention: Kenneth Rice

Email: ken.rice@metamaterial.com

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with a copy to:

Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati LLP

12235 El Camino Real

San Diego, CA 92130

Attention: Thomas E. Hornish

Email: thornish@wsgr.com

Each party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally, by email, or by verifiable facsimile transmission (with an original to follow) on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight courier and (iii) on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, "<u>Business Day</u>" shall mean any day on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.

An electronic communication ("<u>Electronic Notice</u>") shall be deemed written notice for purposes of this <u>Section</u> <u>14</u> if sent to the electronic mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice shall be deemed received at the time the party sending Electronic Notice receives confirmation of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic Notice may request and shall be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form ("<u>Nonelectronic Notice</u>") which shall be sent to the requesting party within ten (10) days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice; *provided*, *however*, that any such request for a Nonelectronic Notice shall not affect the effectiveness of the related Electronic Notice.

15. <u>Successors and Assigns</u>. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and the Agents and their respective successors and the affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> hereof. References to any of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party.

16. <u>Adjustments for Stock Splits</u>. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share- related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any share consolidation, stock split, stock dividend, corporate domestication or similar event effected with respect to the Shares.

17. <u>Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability</u>. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and the Agents. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect

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to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement.

18. <u>GOVERNING LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL</u>. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

19. <u>CONSENT TO JURISDICTION</u>. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.

20. <u>Use of Information</u>. The Agents may not use any information gained in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including due diligence, to advise any party with respect to transactions not expressly approved by the Company.

21. <u>Counterparts</u>. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile transmission.

22. <u>Effect of Headings</u>. The section and Exhibit headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.

23. <u>Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses</u>.

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The Company represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Agents, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, and each Agent (as to itself only) represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute a "free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the Commission. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Agents or by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a "Permitted Free Writing Prospectus." The Company represents and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. For the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in <u>Exhibit 23</u> hereto are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses.

24. <u>Absence of Fiduciary Relationship</u>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. Each Agent is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Shares and in connection with each transaction contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship between the Company or any of its affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party, on the one hand, and the Agent, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether or not the Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and the Agent has no obligation to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. No Agent has provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. it is aware that each Agent and its respective affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and the Agent has no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e. it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against each Agent for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Shares under this Agreement and agrees that the Agent shall not have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of Company, other than in respect of the Agent's obligations under this Agreement and to keep information provided by the Company to the Agent and its counsel confidential to the extent not otherwise publicly-available.

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25. <u>Definitions</u>.

As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:

"<u>Agents' Information</u>" means such information provided by the Agents for inclusion in the Prospectus; provided, however, that the parties hereto acknowledge that no such information was provided by or on behalf of any Agent as of the date of this Agreement.

"<u>Applicable Time</u>" means (i) each Representation Date and (ii) the time of each sale of any Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

"<u>Exchange</u>" means The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.

"<u>Issuer Free Writing Prospectus</u>" means any "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433, relating to the Shares that (1) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (2) is a "road show" that is a "written communication" within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (3) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Shares or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company's records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act.

"<u>Rule 172</u>," "<u>Rule 405</u>," "<u>Rule 415</u>," "<u>Rule 424</u>," "<u>Rule 424(b)</u>," "<u>Rule 430B</u>," and "<u>Rule 433</u>" refer to such rules under the Securities Act.

All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is "contained," "included" or "stated" in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be.

All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule 433, are not required to be filed with the Commission) shall be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to "supplements" to the Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, "wrappers" or similar materials prepared in connection with any offering, sale or private placement of any Shares by the Agents outside of the United States.

[Remainder of the page intentionally left blank]

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If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and the Agents, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and the Agents.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Very truly yours, | Very truly yours, |
| **META MATERIALS INC.** | **META MATERIALS INC.** |
| By: | /s/ George Palikaras |
| Name: | George Palikaras |
| Title: | Founder, CEO, President & Director |
| **ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:** | **ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:** |
| **LADENBURG THALMANN & CO. INC.** | **LADENBURG THALMANN & CO. INC.** |
| By: | /s/ Mark Green |
| Name: | Mark Green |
| Title: | Managing Director |
| **B. RILEY SECURITIES, INC.** | **B. RILEY SECURITIES, INC.** |
| By: | /s/ Patrice McNicoll |
| Name: | Patrice McNicoll |
| Title: | Co-Head of Investment Banking |
| **ROTH CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC** | **ROTH CAPITAL PARTNERS, LLC** |
| By: | /s/ Alexander G. Montano |
| Name: | Alexander G. Montano |
| Title: | Managing Director & Head of Energy Investment Banking |

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Signature Page to Sales Purchase Agreement

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**SCHEDULE 1** 

FORM OF PLACEMENT NOTICE

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| From: | Meta Materials Inc. |
| To: | [•] |
| Attention: | [•] |
| Subject: | At Market Issuance—Placement Notice |
| Date: | , 20 |

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Gentlemen:

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement between Meta Materials Inc., a Nevada corporation (the "<u>Company</u>"), Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., B. Riley Securities, Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC dated February 10, 2023, the Company hereby requests that [ ] sell up to [ ] shares of the Company's Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a minimum market price of $[ ] per share, during the time period beginning [month, day, time] and ending [month, day, time].

Schedule 1

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**SCHEDULE 2** 

**Notice Parties** 

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**SCHEDULE 3** 

**Compensation** 

The Company shall pay to each Agent in cash, upon each sale of Shares through or to such Agent pursuant to this Agreement, an aggregate amount equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from such sale of Shares through or to such Agent.

Schedule 3

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**SCHEDULE 4** 

**Subsidiaries** 

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Jurisdiction** |
| 2798331 Ontario Inc | Ontario, Canada |
| Metamaterial Exchangeco Inc | Ontario, Canada |
| Metamaterial Inc | Ontario, Canada |
| Medical Wireless Sensing Ltd | London, United Kingdom |
| Metamaterial Technologies USA Inc | California, United States |
| Metamaterial Technologies Canada Inc | Federal, Canada |
| Meta Material Single Member S.A. | Greece |
| Nanotech Security Corp. | British Columbia, Canada |
| 1315115 BC Inc. | British Columbia, Canada |

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Schedule 4

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**EXHIBIT 7(l)** 

**Form of Representation Date Certificate** 

**, 20** 

This Representation Date Certificate (this "<u>Certificate</u>") is executed and delivered in connection with <u>Section</u> <u>7(l)</u> of the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the "<u>Agreement</u>"), dated February 10, 2023 and entered into between Meta Materials Inc. (the "<u>Company</u>") Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., B. Riley Securities, Inc. and Roth Capital Partners, LLC (each, an "<u>Agent</u>" and together the "<u>Agents</u>"). All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Agreement.

The Company hereby certifies as follows:

1. As of the date of this Certificate (i) the Registration Statement does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading and (ii) neither the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading and (iii) no event has occurred as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein not untrue or misleading for this paragraph 1 to be true.

2. Each of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in the Agreement were, when originally made, and are, as of the date of this Certificate, true and correct in all material respects.

3. Each of the covenants required to be performed by the Company in the Agreement on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date prior to the date hereof as set forth in the Agreement, has been duly, timely and fully performed in all material respects and each condition required to be complied with by the Company on or prior to the date of the Agreement, this Representation Date, and each such other date prior to the date hereof as set forth in the Agreement has been duly, timely and fully complied with in all material respects.

4. Subsequent to the date of the most recent financial statements in the Prospectus, and except as described in the Prospectus, including Incorporated Documents, there has been no Material Adverse Effect.

5. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any part thereof has been issued, and to the Company's knowledge, no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or threatened by any securities or other governmental authority (including, without limitation, the Commission).

6. No order suspending the qualification or registration of the Shares under the securities or Blue Sky laws of any jurisdiction are in effect and no proceeding for such purpose is pending before, or threatened, to the Company's knowledge or in writing by, any securities or other governmental authority (including, without limitation, the Commission).

Exhibit 7(l)-1

------

The undersigned has executed this Representation Date Certificate as of the date first written above.

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| |
|:---|
| **META MATERIALS INC.** |
| By: |
| Name: |
| Title: |

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Exhibit 7(l)-2

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**<u>EXHIBIT 23</u>**

**Permitted Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses** 

None.