# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000921025
**File Stem:** 0001133228-26-003874
**Filing Date:** 2026-3
**Character Count:** 209405
**Document Hash:** 7f05f21dc678b8990779a387607d20eb
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001133228-26-003874.hdr.sgml**: 20260320

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001133228-26-003874

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: N-VPFS

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 5

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20251231

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260320

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260320

**EFFECTIVENESS DATE**: 20260320

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** MML BAY STATE VARIABLE ANNUITY SEPARATE ACCOUNT 1
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000921025

**ORGANIZATION NAME:**
- **EIN:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** MA
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** N-VPFS
- **SEC ACT:** 1940 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 811-08450
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26777518

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 100 BRIGHT MEADOW BOULEVARD
- **CITY:** ENFIELD
- **STATE:** CT
- **ZIP:** 06082
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 413-744-7723

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1295 STATE STREET
- **STREET 2:** M243
- **CITY:** SPRINGFIELD
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 01111

## Series and Classes Contracts Data

### MML BAY STATE VARIABLE ANNUITY SEPARATE ACCOUNT 1 (Series ID: S000007816)

| Class ID   | Class Name   | Ticker Symbol   |
|:---|:---|:---|
| C000021292 | LifeTrust    |  |

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ![](img001.jpg) |  |
|  | KPMG LLP |
|  | Two Financial Center |
|  | 60 South Street |
|  | Boston, MA 02111 |

---

**Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

To the Board of Directors of MML Bay State Life Insurance Company and Contract Owners of MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1:

 

*Opinion on the Financial Statements*

We have audited the accompanying statements of assets and liabilities of the divisions listed in the Appendix that comprise MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1 (the Divisions), as of December 31, 2025, the related statements of operations and changes in net assets for each of the years listed in the Appendix, and the related notes (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Divisions as of December 31, 2025, the results of their operations, and changes in their net assets for each of the years listed in the Appendix, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

*Basis for Opinion*

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Divisions' management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Divisions in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Such procedures also included confirmation of securities owned as of December 31, 2025, by correspondence with the underlying mutual funds or their transfer agent. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

![](img002.jpg)

We have served as the auditor of one or more MML Bay State Life Insurance Company separate account investment companies since 2004.

Boston, Massachusetts

March 10, 2026

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| LA2057 | F-1 |

---

KPMG LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership, and its subsidiaries are part of

the KPMG global organization of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG

International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee.

LA2057 F-2

**Appendix A**

MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1 was comprised of the following divisions as of December 31, 2025.

**Divisions**

---

| |
|:---|
| Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Division |
| Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Division\* |
| Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Division  |
| Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Division\* |
| Invesco V.I. Global Division  |
| Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Division  |
| Invesco V.I. Main Street Division |
| Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Division |
| Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Division  |
| MML Blend Division |
| MML Equity Division  |
| MML Managed Bond Division |
| MML U.S. Government Money Market Division |

---

\* See Note 2 to the financial statements for the previous name of this division.

*See Notes to Financial Statements*

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

*STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES*

***December 31, 2025***

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** |  |
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Discovery** | **Discovery** | **Equity and** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Global** | **Invesco V.I.** |
|  | **Core Plus Bond** | **Large Cap** | **Mid Cap Growth** | **Income** | **Global** | **Strategic Income** | **Main Street** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| **ASSETS** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Number of shares | 20973 | 118095 | 38835 | 47226 | 132420 | 306257 | 354332 |
| Identified cost | $119878 | $5692814 | $2841610 | $815855 | $4955101 | $1444543 | $6738764 |
| Value | $122692 | $7469496 | $2920764 | $862810 | $5025355 | $1399592 | $7848453 |
| Receivable from MML Bay State Life Insurance Company |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total assets**  | **122692** | **7469496** | **2920764** | **862811** | **5025355** | **1399592** | **7848453** |
| **LIABILITIES** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Payable to Annuitant mortality fluctuation fund reserve |  | 837 | 787 |  | 360 | 156 | 1568 |
| Payable to MML Bay State Life Insurance Company | 10 | 85 | 32 |  | 20 | 13 | 85 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total liabilities** | **10** | **922** | **819** | **—** | **380** | **169** | **1653** |
| **NET ASSETS** | **$122682** | **$7468574** | **$2919945** | **$862811** | **$5024975** | **$1399423** | **$7846800** |
| **Net Assets:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Accumulation units - value | $122682 | $7440678 | $2893717 | $862811 | $5012990 | $1394229 | $7794543 |
| Contracts in payout (annuitization) period |  | 27896 | 26228 |  | 11985 | 5194 | 52257 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net assets** | **$122682** | **$7468574** | **$2919945** | **$862811** | **$5024975** | **$1399423** | **$7846800** |
| **Outstanding units** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Contract owners | **69793** | **466658** | **329188** | **208553** | **425030** | **453831** | **693835** |
| **UNIT VALUE** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| LifeTrust | $1.76 | $16.00 | $8.87 | $4.14 | $11.82 | $3.08 | $11.31 |

---

*See Notes to Financial Statements*

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

*STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (Continued)*

***December 31, 2025***

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  |  | **MML** | **MML U.S.** |
|  | **Main Street** | **U.S. Government** | **MML** | **MML** | **Managed** | **Government** |
|  | **Small Cap** | **Money** | **Blend** | **Equity** | **Bond** | **Money Market** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| **ASSETS** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Number of shares | 15688 | 72954 | 44446 | 51736 | 34988 | 258237 |
| Identified cost | $411275 | $72954 | $926772 | $1365796 | $429483 | $258237 |
| Value | $447745 | $72954 | $1029026 | $1598248 | $390904 | $258237 |
| Receivable from MML Bay State Life Insurance Company | 1 |  |  |  | 1 | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total assets**  | **447746** | **72954** | **1029026** | **1598248** | **390905** | **258240** |
| **LIABILITIES** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Payable to Annuitant mortality fluctuation fund reserve |  |  |  | 92 |  |  |
| Payable to MML Bay State Life Insurance Company |  | 5 | 1 | 11 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total liabilities** | **—** | **5** | **1** | **103** | **—** | **—** |
| **NET ASSETS** | **$447746** | **$72949** | **$1029025** | **$1598145** | **$390905** | **$258240** |
| **Net Assets:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Accumulation units - value | $447746 | $72949 | $1029025 | $1595085 | $390905 | $258240 |
| Contracts in payout (annuitization) period |  |  |  | 3060 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net assets** | **$447746** | **$72949** | **$1029025** | **$1598145** | **$390905** | **$258240** |
| **Outstanding units** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Contract owners | **64363** | **54748** | **156702** | **202854** | **137701** | **198815** |
| **UNIT VALUE** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| LifeTrust | $6.96 | $1.33 | $6.57 | $7.88 | $2.84 | $1.30 |

---

*See Notes to Financial Statements*

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

*STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS*

***For The Year Ended December 31, 2025*** 

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** |  |
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Discovery** | **Discovery** | **Equity and** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Global** | **Invesco V.I.** |
|  | **Core Plus Bond** | **Large Cap** | **Mid Cap Growth** | **Income** | **Global** | **Strategic Income** | **Main Street** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| **Investment income** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends | $5164 | $— | $— | $17562 | $— | $79407 | $40889 |
| **Expenses** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mortality and expense risk charge and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| administrative expense charges | 1725 | 103908 | 42481 | 12978 | 68039 | 19219 | 108690 |
| **Net investment income (loss)** | **3439** | **(103908)** | **(42481)** | **4584** | **(68039)** | **60188** | **(67801)** |
| **Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares | (18368) | 175381 | (9429) | 13687 | 95894 | (16455) | (340162) |
| Realized gain distribution |  | 864997 | 243230 | 44613 | 894260 |  | 467671 |
| Realized gain (loss) | (18368) | 1040378 | 233801 | 58300 | 990154 | (16455) | 127509 |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (depreciation) of investments | 21650 | (184619) | (108972) | 33896 | (296031) | 104749 | 967251 |
| **Net gain (loss) on investments**  | **3282** | **855759** | **124829** | **92196** | **694123** | **88294** | **1094760** |
| **Net increase (decrease) in net assets** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **resulting from operations** | **6721** | **751851** | **82348** | **96780** | **626084** | **148482** | **1026959** |

---

*See Notes to Financial Statements*

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

*STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)*

***For The Year Ended December 31, 2025*** 

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** |  |
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Discovery** | **Discovery** | **Equity and** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Global** | **Invesco V.I.** |
|  | **Core Plus Bond** | **Large Cap** | **Mid Cap Growth** | **Income** | **Global** | **Strategic Income** | **Main Street** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| Capital transactions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Transfers of net premiums |  | 1005 | 90 |  |  |  | 105 |
| Transfers due to death benefits |  | (12232) | (971) | (3201) | (746) | (1840) | (13543) |
| Transfers due to annuity benefit payments |  | (6034) | (3888) |  | (2515) | (1660) | (13006) |
| Transfers due to withdrawal of funds  | (7404) | (957778) | (372188) | (202977) | (408968) | (103626) | (943730) |
| Transfers due to net charge (credit) to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| annuitant mortality fluctuation |  | (817) | 41 |  | 259 | 47 | 1136 |
| Transfers between Divisions and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (to) from General Account |  | (151811) | (100801) | (10346) | (23289) | 4935 | (156286) |
| Net increase (decrease) in net assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| resulting from capital transactions | (7404) | (1127667) | (477717) | (216524) | (435259) | (102144) | (1125324) |
| **Total increase (decrease)** | **(683)** | **(375816)** | **(395369)** | **(119744)** | **190825** | **46338** | **(98365)** |
| **NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year** | **123365** | **7844390** | **3315314** | **982555** | **4834150** | **1353085** | **7945165** |
| **NET ASSETS, at end of the year** | **$122682** | **$7468574** | **$2919945** | **$862811** | **$5024975** | **$1399423** | **$7846800** |

---

*See Notes to Financial Statements*

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

*STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)*

***For The Year Ended December 31, 2025***

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  |  | **MML** | **MML U.S.** |
|  | **Main Street** | **U.S. Government** | **MML** | **MML** | **Managed** | **Government** |
|  | **Small Cap** | **Money** | **Blend** | **Equity** | **Bond** | **Money Market** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| **Investment income** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends | $2020 | $2684 | $22741 | $31374 | $14964 | $11984 |
| **Expenses** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mortality and expense risk charge and |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| administrative expense charges | 7284 | 1049 | 16196 | 23882 | 6657 | 4501 |
| **Net investment income (loss)** | **(5264)** | **1635** | **6545** | **7492** | **8307** | **7483** |
| **Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares | 42644 |  | 7637 | 64005 | (17764) |  |
| Realized gain distribution | 45335 |  | 38335 | 187528 |  |  |
| Realized gain (loss) | 87979 |  | 45972 | 251533 | (17764) |  |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (depreciation) of investments | (47578) |  | 65869 | (14382) | 39385 |  |
| **Net gain (loss) on investments**  | **40401** | **—** | **111841** | **237151** | **21621** | **—** |
| **Net increase (decrease) in net assets** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **resulting from operations** | **35137** | **1635** | **118386** | **244643** | **29928** | **7483** |

---

*See Notes to Financial Statements*

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

*STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)*

***For The Year Ended December 31, 2025***

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  |  | **MML** | **MML U.S.** |
|  | **Main Street** | **U.S. Government** | **MML** | **MML** | **Managed** | **Government** |
|  | **Small Cap** | **Money** | **Blend** | **Equity** | **Bond** | **Money Market** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| Capital transactions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Transfers of net premiums |  |  |  | 900 |  |  |
| Transfers due to death benefits | (712) | (11112) | (86543) | (512) |  | (14780) |
| Transfers due to annuity benefit payments |  |  |  | (1465) |  |  |
| Transfers due to withdrawal of funds  | (157764) | (1968) | (183522) | (380368) | (164561) | (427680) |
| Transfers due to net charge (credit) to |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| annuitant mortality fluctuation |  |  |  | (268) |  |  |
| Transfers between Divisions and |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (to) from General Account |  | 241 | (87225) | (27606) | 306 | 400449 |
| Net increase (decrease) in net assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| resulting from capital transactions | (158476) | (12839) | (357290) | (409319) | (164255) | (42011) |
| **Total increase (decrease)** | **(123339)** | **(11204)** | **(238904)** | **(164676)** | **(134327)** | **(34528)** |
| **NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year** | **571085** | **84153** | **1267929** | **1762821** | **525232** | **292768** |
| **NET ASSETS, at end of the year** | **$447746** | **$72949** | **$1029025** | **$1598145** | **$390905** | **$258240** |

---

*See Notes to Financial Statements*

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

*STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS* 

***For The Year Ended December 31, 2024*** 

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** |  |
|  | **Capital** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Discovery** | **Equity and** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Global** | **Invesco V.I.** |
|  | **Appreciation** | **Core Plus Bond** | **Mid Cap Growth** | **Income** | **Global** | **Strategic Income** | **Main Street** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| **Investment income** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends | $— | $4583 | $— | $45635 | $— | $41502 | $— |
| **Expenses** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mortality and expense risk charge and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| administrative expense charges | 108600 | 1859 | 44575 | 15089 | 71056 | 20743 | 111887 |
| **Net investment income (loss)** | **(108600)** | **2724** | **(44575)** | **30546** | **(71056)** | **20759** | **(111887)** |
| **Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares | 204752 | (3552) | (76356) | 114853 | 66640 | (89536) | (702337) |
| Realized gain distribution |  |  |  | 38903 | 277300 |  | 757599 |
| Realized gain (loss) | 204752 | (3552) | (76356) | 153756 | 343940 | (89536) | 55262 |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (depreciation) of investments | 2053356 | 2917 | 750774 | (94584) | 435119 | 91972 | 1629068 |
| **Net gain (loss) on investments**  | **2258108** | **(635)** | **674418** | **59172** | **779059** | **2436** | **1684330** |
| **Net increase (decrease) in net assets** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **resulting from operations** | **2149508** | **2089** | **629843** | **89718** | **708003** | **23195** | **1572443** |

---

*See Notes to Financial Statements*

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

*STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)*

***For The Year Ended December 31, 2024*** 

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** |  |
|  | **Capital** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Discovery** | **Equity and** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Global** | **Invesco V.I.** |
|  | **Appreciation** | **Core Plus Bond** | **Mid Cap Growth** | **Income** | **Global** | **Strategic Income** | **Main Street** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| Capital transactions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Transfers of net premiums | 1695 |  | 735 |  | 375 |  | 795 |
| Transfers due to death benefits | (59209) | (7045) | (45414) | (47185) | (74989) | (67634) | (90897) |
| Transfers due to annuity benefit payments | (12088) |  | (4449) |  | (3403) | (1609) | (15847) |
| Transfers due to withdrawal of funds  | (1310418) | (13037) | (229809) | (146518) | (852222) | (260147) | (1345896) |
| Transfers due to net charge (credit) to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| annuitant mortality fluctuation | (5006) |  | (3865) |  | (738) | (908) | 499 |
| Transfers between Divisions and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (to) from General Account | (323675) |  | 362 | (62922) | (2481) | (36678) | (15703) |
| Net increase (decrease) in net assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| resulting from capital transactions | (1708701) | (20082) | (282440) | (256625) | (933458) | (366976) | (1467049) |
| **Total increase (decrease)** | **440807** | **(17993)** | **347403** | **(166907)** | **(225455)** | **(343781)** | **105394** |
| **NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year** | **7403583** | **141358** | **2967911** | **1149462** | **5059605** | **1696866** | **7839771** |
| **NET ASSETS, at end of the year** | **$7844390** | **$123365** | **$3315314** | **$982555** | **$4834150** | **$1353085** | **$7945165** |

---

*See Notes to Financial Statements*

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

*STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)*

***For The Year Ended December 31, 2024***

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  |  | **MML** | **MML U.S.** |
|  | **Main Street** | **U.S. Government** | **MML** | **MML** | **Managed** | **Government** |
|  | **Small Cap** | **Money** | **Blend** | **Equity** | **Bond** | **Money Market** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| **Investment income** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends | $— | $9919 | $24528 | $36629 | $24638 | $15195 |
| **Expenses** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Mortality and expense risk charge and |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| administrative expense charges | 8923 | 3018 | 18212 | 25772 | 7506 | 4563 |
| **Net investment income (loss)** | **(8923)** | **6901** | **6316** | **10857** | **17132** | **10632** |
| **Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Realized gain (loss) on sale of fund shares | 31719 |  | (3967) | 15017 | (6006) |  |
| Realized gain distribution | 20112 |  | 12247 | 19509 |  |  |
| Realized gain (loss) | 51831 |  | 8280 | 34526 | (6006) |  |
| Change in net unrealized appreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (depreciation) of investments | 26975 |  | 145349 | 253436 | 1687 |  |
| **Net gain (loss) on investments**  | **78806** | **—** | **153629** | **287962** | **(4319)** | **—** |
| **Net increase (decrease) in net assets** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **resulting from operations** | **69883** | **6901** | **159945** | **298819** | **12813** | **10632** |

---

*See Notes to Financial Statements*

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

*STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND CHANGES IN NET ASSETS (Continued)*

***For The Year Ended December 31, 2024***

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  |  | **MML** | **MML U.S.** |
|  | **Main Street** | **U.S. Government** | **MML** | **MML** | **Managed** | **Government** |
|  | **Small Cap** | **Money** | **Blend** | **Equity** | **Bond** | **Money Market** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| Capital transactions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Transfers of net premiums |  |  |  | 900 |  |  |
| Transfers due to death benefits |  |  | (24048) | (33123) |  | (1883) |
| Transfers due to annuity benefit payments |  |  |  | (5273) |  |  |
| Transfers due to withdrawal of funds  | (131211) | (470975) | (121225) | (252567) | (26419) | (63959) |
| Transfers due to net charge (credit) to |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| annuitant mortality fluctuation |  |  | (14366) | (362) |  |  |
| Transfers between Divisions and |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (to) from General Account | (1) | 437275 | 3308 | (536) | 1047 | 3 |
| Net increase (decrease) in net assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| resulting from capital transactions | (131212) | (33700) | (156331) | (290961) | (25372) | (65839) |
| **Total increase (decrease)** | **(61329)** | **(26799)** | **3614** | **7858** | **(12559)** | **(55207)** |
| **NET ASSETS, at beginning of the year** | **632414** | **110952** | **1264315** | **1754963** | **537791** | **347975** |
| **NET ASSETS, at end of the year** | **$571085** | **$84153** | **$1267929** | **$1762821** | **$525232** | **$292768** |

---

***MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1***

***Notes To Financial Statements***

***1. ORGANIZATION***

MML Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1 ("the Separate Account") is a separate investment account

of MML Bay State Life Insurance Company ("MML Bay State") established on January 14, 1994. The Separate

Account is registered as a unit investment trust under the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("the 1940 Act").

On June 30, 1997, MML Bay State redomesticated from the State of Missouri to the State of Connecticut. MML

Bay State is an indirect subsidiary of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ("MassMutual"). MML

Bay State maintains one product within the Separate Account: LifeTrust.

The assets and liabilities of the Separate Account are clearly identified and distinguished from MML Bay State's

other assets and liabilities. The Separate Account assets are not chargeable with liabilities arising from

any other MML Bay State business.

***2. INVESTMENT OF THE SEPARATE ACCOUNT'S ASSETS***

As of December 31, 2025, the Separate Account consists of thirteen divisions which invest in the following

mutual funds. All of the divisions may not be available to every contract owner:

---

| |
|:---|
| **Divisions** |
| Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Division<br> Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Fund<sup>1</sup> |
| Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Division<br> Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Fund<sup>1,4</sup> |
| Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Division <br> Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Fund<sup>1</sup> |
| Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Division<br> Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund<sup>1,3</sup> |
| Invesco V.I. Global Division <br> Invesco V.I. Global Fund<sup>1</sup> |
| Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Division <br> Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Fund<sup>1</sup> |
| Invesco V.I. Main Street Division<br> Invesco V.I. Main Street Fund®<sup>1</sup> |
| Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Division<br> Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Fund®<sup>1</sup> |
| Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Division <br> Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Portfolio<sup>1</sup> |
| MML Blend Division<br> MML Blend Fund<sup>2</sup> |
| MML Equity Division <br> MML Equity Fund<sup>2</sup> |
| MML Managed Bond Division<br> MML Managed Bond Fund<sup>2</sup> |
| MML U.S. Government Money Market Division<br> MML U.S. Government Money Market Fund<sup>2</sup> |

---

In addition to the thirteen divisions, some contract owners may also allocate funds to the Fixed Interest Account

("FIA"), which is part of MML Bay State's general investment account ("General Account"). Because of

exemptive and exclusionary provisions in the securities law, interests in the FIA are not registered under the

Securities Act of 1933, and the General Account and the FIA are not registered as an investment company under

the 1940 Act.

<sup>1</sup> Invesco Advisers, Inc. is the investment adviser to this Fund.

<sup>2</sup> MML Investment Advisers, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of MassMutual, is the investment adviser to this Fund.

<sup>3</sup>After the close of business on April 26, 2024, Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund acquired all the net assets of Invesco V.I. Conservative

Balanced Fund pursuant to a plan of reorganization approved by the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds on September 20, 2023 and by

the shareholders of the Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund on January 18, 2024. Shares of Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund

were exchanged for the like class of shares of Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund, based on the relative net asset value of the two funds

which resulted in Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund receiving 0.89134224 shares of Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund in

exchange of 1 share of Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund. As a result of the underlying fund merger, the division name changed

from Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund to Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund.

<sup>4</sup>Prior to April 30, 2025, known as Invesco V.I. Capital Appreciation Fund.

***3. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES*** 

The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Separate Account in preparation

of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). MML

Bay State Variable Annuity Separate Account 1 follows the accounting and reporting guidance in FASB

Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 946, *Investment Companies.*

**A.Investment Valuation** 

Investments in the underlying funds held by each division are carried at fair value which is based on the

closing net asset value of each of the respective underlying funds, which value their investment securities

at fair value.

**B.Accounting for Investments** 

Investment transactions are accounted for on a trade-date basis and identified cost is the basis followed in

determining the cost of investments sold for financial statement purposes. Dividend income and gains

from realized gain distributions are recorded on the ex-distribution date and they are generally reinvested

in the underlying funds.

***Notes To Financial Statements*** *(Continued)* 

**C.Federal Income Taxes** 

MML Bay State is taxed under federal law as a life insurance company under the provisions of the 1986

Internal Revenue Code, as amended. Under existing federal law, no taxes are payable on net investment

income and net realized capital gains attributable to contracts, which depend on the Separate Account's

investment performance. Accordingly, no provision for federal income tax has been made. MML Bay

State may, however, make such a charge in the future if an unanticipated change of current law results in

a tax liability attributable to the Separate Account.

**D.Contract Charges** 

See Note 8B for charges associated with the contracts.

**E.Estimates** 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles

(U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts

of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial

statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results

could differ from those estimates.

**F.Annuitant Mortality Fluctuation** 

The Separate Account contributes to an Annuitant Mortality Fluctuation Fund (AMFF) reserve

maintained by MML Bay State as required by regulatory authorities to provide for mortality losses

incurred. The AMFF reserve is adjusted quarterly for mortality losses and gains and its proportionate

share of changes in value. Transfers to or from MML Bay State are then made quarterly to adjust the

AMFF reserve which is held in the Separate Account. Net transfers from MML Bay State to the Separate

Account totaled $398 for the year ended December 31, 2025. Net transfers from the Separate Account to

MML Bay State totaled $24,746 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The AMFF reserve is subject to

a maximum of 3% of the Separate Account's annuity reserves. Any mortality losses in excess of this

reserve will be borne by MML Bay State. The AMFF reserve is not available to owners of the contracts

except to the extent necessary to cover mortality losses under the contracts.

**G.Annuity Reserves**

Annuity reserves are developed by using accepted actuarial methods and are computed using the 1994

MGDB Table.

**H. Single Reportable Segment**

The Separate Account derives revenues from variable annuity products. MassMutual has identified the

Head of Brand, Product, and Affiliate Distribution and their Team as the chief operating decision maker

(CODM) for overseeing the products and the performance of the underlying funds to evaluate the results

of the business and make operational decisions. The Separate Account's products constitute as a single

operating segment and therefore, a single reportable segment. Separate Accounts are structured with a

limited purpose by design and their sole purpose, which records and reports the invested funds and

activities and performance chosen by contract/policy holders. Investment performance of funds may vary

based on the underlying fund's investment objectives specified in the fund prospectuses. The accounting

policies used to measure the profit and loss of the segment are the same as those described in the

summary of significant accounting policies herein.

***4. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS***

Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC Topic 820, *Fair Value Measurement* ("ASC 820")

defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly

transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Separate Account

generally uses the market approach as the valuation technique due to the nature of the mutual fund investments

offered in the Separate Account. This technique maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of

unobservable inputs. Investments in mutual funds are valued at the mutual fund's closing net asset value per

share on the day of valuation.

**Valuation Inputs:** Various inputs are used to determine the value of the Separate Account's investments. These

inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below:

• **Level 1** – quoted prices in active markets for identical securities

• **Level 2** – observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices (including, but not limited to, quoted

prices for similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds and credit risk)

• **Level 3** – unobservable inputs

The investments of the Separate Account are measured at fair value. All the investments are categorized as Level

1 as of December 31, 2025. There have been no transfers between levels for the year ended December 31, 2025.

***Notes To Financial Statements*** *(Continued)* 

***5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS***

**A.Sales Agreements** 

Pursuant to separate underwriting agreements with MML Bay State, on its own behalf and on behalf of the

Separate Account, MML Investors Services, LLC ("MMLIS") serves as principal underwriter of the

contracts sold by its registered representatives, and MML Strategic Distributors, LLC ("MSD") serves as

principal underwriter of the contracts sold by registered representatives of other broker-dealers who have

entered into distribution agreements with MSD.

Both MMLIS and MSD are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") as broker-

dealers under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are members of the Financial Industry Regulatory

Authority ("FINRA"). Commissions for sales of contracts by MMLIS registered representatives are paid on

behalf of MMLIS to its registered representatives. Commissions for sales of contracts by registered

representatives of other broker-dealers are paid on behalf of MSD to those broker-dealers. MMLIS and MSD

also receive compensation for their actions as principal underwriters of the contracts.

The contracts are no longer offered for sale to the public. Contract owners may continue, however, to make

purchase payments under existing contracts.

**B.Receivable from/Payable to MML Bay State** 

Certain fees such as mortality and expense risk fees are charges paid between the general investment account

(the "General Account") and the Separate Account. The General Account is not registered as an investment

company under the 1940 Act.

***Notes To Financial Statements*** *(Continued)* 

***6. PURCHASE AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS***

The cost of purchases and proceeds from sales of investments for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2025 were as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** |  |
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Discovery** | **Discovery** | **Equity and** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Global** | **Invesco V.I.** |
|  | **Core Plus Bond** | **Large Cap** | **Mid Cap Growth** | **Income** | **Global** | **Strategic Income** | **Main Street** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| **<u>2025</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cost of purchases | $118340 | $898512 | $245663 | $62174 | $900520 | $94638 | $512310 |
| Proceeds from sales | (122301) | (1265532) | (522900) | (229501) | (509756) | (136617) | (1238125) |
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  |  | **MML** | **MML U.S.** |  |
|  | **Main Street** | **U.S. Government** | **MML** | **MML** | **Managed** | **Government** |  |
|  | **Small Cap** | **Money** | **Blend** | **Equity** | **Bond** | **Money Market** |  |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |  |
| **<u>2025 (continued)</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cost of purchases | $47355 | $2964 | $64519 | $218979 | $15441 | $412411 |  |
| Proceeds from sales | (165763) | (14165) | (376928) | (433535) | (171390) | (446936) |  |

---

***Notes To Financial Statements*** *(Continued)* 

***6. PURCHASE AND SALES OF INVESTMENTS (Continued)***

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** |  |
|  | **Capital** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Discovery** | **Equity and** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Global** | **Invesco V.I.** |
|  | **Appreciation** | **Core Plus Bond** | **Mid Cap Growth** | **Income** | **Global** | **Strategic Income** | **Main Street** |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| **<u>2024</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cost of purchases | $40247 | $4583 | $7013 | $1134981 | $283211 | $62916 | $757599 |
| Proceeds from sales | (1857825) | (21943) | (333676) | (1322157) | (1010436) | (409206) | (1578942) |
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  |  | **MML** | **MML U.S.** |  |
|  | **Main Street** | **U.S. Government** | **MML** | **MML** | **Managed** | **Government** |  |
|  | **Small Cap** | **Money** | **Blend** | **Equity** | **Bond** | **Money Market** |  |
|  | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |  |
| **<u>2024 (continued)</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cost of purchases | $20112 | $447109 | $40593 | $56171 | $25719 | $15195 |  |
| Proceeds from sales | (140136) | (473904) | (178788) | (316867) | (33961) | (70399) |  |

---

***Notes To Financial Statements*** *(Continued)* 

***7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS***

The changes in outstanding units for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2025 were as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** |  |
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Discovery** | **Discovery** | **Equity and** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Global** | **Invesco V.I.** |
|  | **Core Plus Bond** | **Large Cap** | **Mid Cap Growth** | **Income** | **Global** | **Strategic Income** | **Main Street** |
| **<u>2025</u>** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| Units purchased |  | 69 | 19 |  | 29 | 23 | 147 |
| Units withdrawn | (4320) | (66957) | (43756) | (52859) | (37753) | (36597) | (93226) |
| Units transferred between Divisions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and (to) from General Account |  | (11632) | (13294) | (2775) | (2236) | 1521 | (16200) |
| Net increase (decrease) | (4320) | (78520) | (57031) | (55634) | (39960) | (35053) | (109279) |
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  |  | **MML** | **MML U.S.** |  |
|  | **Main Street** | **U.S. Government** | **MML** | **MML** | **Managed** | **Government** |  |
|  | **Small Cap** | **Money** | **Blend** | **Equity** | **Bond** | **Money Market** |  |
| **<u>2025 (continued)</u>** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |  |
| Units purchased |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  |
| Units withdrawn | (23632) | (9983) | (42794) | (52516) | (59186) | (345555) |  |
| Units transferred between Divisions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and (to) from General Account |  | 181 | (15355) | (4002) | 109 | 313668 |  |
| Net increase (decrease) | (23632) | (9802) | (58149) | (56392) | (59077) | (31887) |  |

---

***Notes To Financial Statements*** *(Continued)* 

***7. NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN OUTSTANDING UNITS (Continued)***

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  | **Invesco V.I.** |  |
|  | **Capital** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Discovery** | **Equity and** | **Invesco V.I.** | **Global** | **Invesco V.I.** |
|  | **Appreciation** | **Core Plus Bond** | **Mid Cap Growth** | **Income** | **Global** | **Strategic Income** | **Main Street** |
| **<u>2024</u>** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| Units purchased | 134 |  | 1833 |  | 97 |  | 318 |
| Units withdrawn | (109545) | (12185) | (39220) | (53477) | (91821) | (120911) | (161708) |
| Units transferred between Divisions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and (to) from General Account | (26086) |  | 80 | (17907) | (261) | (13839) | (1641) |
| Net increase (decrease) | (135497) | (12185) | (37307) | (71384) | (91985) | (134750) | (163031) |

---

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Invesco V.I.** | **Invesco V.I.** |  |  | **MML** | **MML U.S.** |
|  | **Main Street** | **U.S. Government** | **MML** | **MML** | **Managed** | **Government** |
|  | **Small Cap** | **Money** | **Blend** | **Equity** | **Bond** | **Money Market** |
| **<u>2024 (continued)</u>** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** | **Division** |
| Units purchased |  |  |  | 141 |  |  |
| Units withdrawn | (20275) | (366093) | (27954) | (44631) | (10001) | (52660) |
| Units transferred between Divisions |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and (to) from General Account |  | 342831 | 625 | (82) | 401 | 3 |
| Net increase (decrease) | (20275) | (23262) | (27329) | (44572) | (9600) | (52657) |

---

***Notes To Financial Statements*** *(Continued)* 

***8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS***

**A.**A summary of units outstanding, unit values, net assets, investment income ratios, expense ratios (excluding

expenses of the underlying funds) and total return ratios for each of the years in the five-year period ended

December 31, 2025 follows:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **At December 31,** | **At December 31,** | **At December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
|  |  |  |  | **Investment** |  |  |
|  |  | | | **Income** | **Expense** | **Total**  |
|  | **Units** | **Unit Value**<sup>3</sup> | **Net Assets** | **Ratio**<sup>1</sup> | **Ratio**<sup>2</sup> | **Return**<sup>3</sup> |
| **Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Division**<sup>5</sup> | **Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Division**<sup>5</sup> | **Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Division**<sup>5</sup> | **Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Division**<sup>5</sup> |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 69793 | $1.76 | $122682 | 4.19% | 1.40% | 5.60% |
| 2024 | 74113 | 1.66 | 123365 | 3.47 | 1.40 | 1.62 |
| 2023 | 86298 | 1.64 | 141358 | 2.46 | 1.40 | 4.67 |
| 2022 | 97051 | 1.56 | 151885 | 1.94 | 1.40 | (15.22) |
| 2021 | 103428 | 1.85 | 190927 | 2.06 | 1.40 | (3.02) |
| **Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Division**<sup>6</sup> | **Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Division**<sup>6</sup> | **Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Division**<sup>6</sup> | **Invesco V.I. Discovery Large Cap Division**<sup>6</sup> |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 466658 | 16.00 | 7468574 |  | 1.40 | 11.23 |
| 2024 | 545178 | 14.39 | 7844390 |  | 1.40 | 32.29 |
| 2023 | 680676 | 10.88 | 7403583 |  | 1.40 | 33.50 |
| 2022 | 743629 | 8.15 | 6058607 |  | 1.40 | (31.74) |
| 2021 | 827796 | 11.94 | 9880983 |  | 1.40 | 20.86 |
| **Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Division** | **Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Division** | **Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Division** | **Invesco V.I. Discovery Mid Cap Growth Division** |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 329188 | 8.87 | 2919945 |  | 1.40 | 3.33 |
| 2024 | 386219 | 8.58 | 3315314 |  | 1.40 | 22.50 |
| 2023 | 423525 | 7.01 | 2967911 |  | 1.40 | 11.58 |
| 2022 | 463564 | 6.28 | 2911268 |  | 1.40 | (31.94) |
| 2021 | 560411 | 9.23 | 5171217 |  | 1.40 | 17.44 |
| **Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Division**<sup>4</sup> | **Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Division**<sup>4</sup> | **Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Division**<sup>4</sup> | **Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Division**<sup>4</sup> |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 208553 | 4.14 | 862811 | 1.90 | 1.40 | 11.24 |
| 2024 | 264187 | 3.72 | 982555 | 2.10 | 1.40 | 8.44 |
| 2023 | 335572 | 3.43 | 1149462 | 1.89 | 1.40 | 11.04 |
| 2022 | 350953 | 3.08 | 1082622 | 1.35 | 1.40 | (18.01) |
| 2021 | 410833 | 3.76 | 1545708 | 1.46 | 1.40 | 9.10 |
| **Invesco V.I. Global Division** | **Invesco V.I. Global Division** | **Invesco V.I. Global Division** | **Invesco V.I. Global Division** |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 425030 | 11.82 | 5024975 |  | 1.40 | 13.72 |
| 2024 | 464989 | 10.40 | 4834150 |  | 1.40 | 14.44 |
| 2023 | 556975 | 9.08 | 5059605 | 0.23 | 1.40 | 32.87 |
| 2022 | 603904 | 6.84 | 4128834 |  | 1.40 | (32.71) |
| 2021 | 679746 | 10.16 | 6906790 |  | 1.40 | 13.88 |
| **Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Division** | **Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Division** | **Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Division** | **Invesco V.I. Global Strategic Income Division** |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 453831 | 3.08 | 1399423 | 5.78 | 1.40 | 11.41 |
| 2024 | 488885 | 2.77 | 1353085 | 2.82 | 1.40 | 1.72 |
| 2023 | 623636 | 2.72 | 1696866 |  | 1.40 | 7.37 |
| 2022 | 695347 | 2.53 | 1762060 |  | 1.40 | (12.69) |
| 2021 | 815195 | 2.90 | 2365991 | 4.65 | 1.40 | (4.76) |
| **Invesco V.I. Main Street Division** | **Invesco V.I. Main Street Division** | **Invesco V.I. Main Street Division** | **Invesco V.I. Main Street Division** |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 693835 | 11.31 | 7846800 | 0.53 | 1.40 | 14.32 |
| 2024 | 803114 | 9.89 | 7945165 |  | 1.40 | 21.92 |
| 2023 | 966146 | 8.11 | 7839771 | 0.83 | 1.40 | 21.51 |
| 2022 | 1079325 | 6.68 | 7207763 | 1.43 | 1.40 | (21.24) |
| 2021 | 1214613 | 8.48 | 10298912 | 0.69 | 1.40 | 25.80 |
| **Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Division** | **Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Division** | **Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Division** | **Invesco V.I. Main Street Small Cap Division** |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 64363 | 6.96 | 447746 | 0.39 | 1.40 | 7.19 |
| 2024 | 87994 | 6.49 | 571085 |  | 1.40 | 11.11 |
| 2023 | 108270 | 5.84 | 632414 | 1.15 | 1.40 | 16.49 |
| 2022 | 115567 | 5.01 | 579473 | 0.51 | 1.40 | (17.00) |
| 2021 | 127374 | 6.04 | 769511 | 0.36 | 1.40 | 20.85 |
| **Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Division** | **Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Division** | **Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Division** | **Invesco V.I. U.S. Government Money Division** |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 54748 | 1.33 | 72949 | 3.59 | 1.40 | 2.21 |
| 2024 | 64550 | 1.30 | 84153 | 4.64 | 1.40 | 3.18 |
| 2023 | 87812 | 1.26 | 110952 | 4.42 | 1.40 | 3.07 |
| 2022 | 89922 | 1.23 | 110231 | 1.25 | 1.40 | (0.12) |
| 2021 | 100837 | 1.23 | 123761 | 0.01 | 1.40 | (1.38) |

---

***Notes To Financial Statements*** *(Continued)* 

***8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)***

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **At December 31,** | **At December 31,** | **At December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
|  |  |  |  | **Investment** |  |  |
|  |  | | | **Income** | **Expense** | **Total**  |
|  | **Units** | **Unit Value**<sup>3</sup> | **Net Assets** | **Ratio**<sup>1</sup> | **Ratio**<sup>2</sup> | **Return**<sup>3</sup> |
| **MML Blend Division** | **MML Blend Division** | **MML Blend Division** | **MML Blend Division** |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 156702 | $6.57 | $1029025 | 1.97% | 1.40% | 11.27% |
| 2024 | 214851 | 5.90 | 1267929 | 1.90 | 1.40 | 13.04 |
| 2023 | 242180 | 5.22 | 1264315 | 1.58 | 1.40 | 15.99 |
| 2022 | 303879 | 4.50 | 1367776 | 1.35 | 1.40 | (17.75) |
| 2021 | 332920 | 5.47 | 1821843 | 2.12 | 1.40 | 13.43 |
| **MML Equity Division** | **MML Equity Division** | **MML Equity Division** | **MML Equity Division** |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 202854 | 7.88 | 1598145 | 1.84 | 1.40 | 15.86 |
| 2024 | 259246 | 6.80 | 1762821 | 2.00 | 1.40 | 17.72 |
| 2023 | 303818 | 5.78 | 1754963 | 2.07 | 1.40 | 7.81 |
| 2022 | 328477 | 5.36 | 1759969 | 1.61 | 1.40 | (5.97) |
| 2021 | 341345 | 5.70 | 1945010 | 1.66 | 1.40 | 28.45 |
| **MML Managed Bond Division** | **MML Managed Bond Division** | **MML Managed Bond Division** | **MML Managed Bond Division** |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 137701 | 2.84 | 390905 | 3.16 | 1.40 | 6.36 |
| 2024 | 196778 | 2.67 | 525232 | 4.62 | 1.40 | 2.43 |
| 2023 | 206378 | 2.61 | 537791 | 3.85 | 1.40 | 5.22 |
| 2022 | 223499 | 2.48 | 553509 | 3.13 | 1.40 | (16.19) |
| 2021 | 222455 | 2.95 | 657340 | 3.02 | 1.40 | (0.59) |
| **MML U.S. Government Money Market Division** | **MML U.S. Government Money Market Division** | **MML U.S. Government Money Market Division** | **MML U.S. Government Money Market Division** |  |  |  |
| 2025 | 198815 | 1.30 | 258240 | 3.73 | 1.40 | 2.35 |
| 2024 | 230702 | 1.27 | 292768 | 4.69 | 1.40 | 3.34 |
| 2023 | 283360 | 1.23 | 347975 | 4.50 | 1.40 | 3.19 |
| 2022 | 363456 | 1.19 | 432554 | 1.42 | 1.40 | (0.19) |
| 2021 | 282228 | 1.19 | 336517 |  | 1.40 | (1.39) |

---

<sup>1</sup>The investment income ratios represent the dividends, excluding distributions of capital gains, received by the division from the underlying fund,

divided by the average net assets. These ratios exclude those expenses, such as mortality and expense charges, that are assessed against contract

owners accounts either through reductions in the unit values or the redemption of units. The recognition of investment income by the division is

affected by the timing of the declaration of dividends by the underlying fund in which the division invests.

<sup>2</sup>The expense ratios represent the annualized contract expense of the divisions of the Separate Account, consisting primarily of mortality and

expense charges, for each period indicated. The ratios include only those expenses that result in a direct reduction of unit values. Charges made

directly to contract owners accounts through the redemption of units and expenses of the underlying fund have been excluded.

<sup>3</sup>The total returns are for the periods indicated, including changes in the value of the underlying fund, and the expenses assessed through the

reduction of unit values. These ratios do not include any expenses assessed through the redemption of units.

<sup>4</sup>After the close of business on April 26, 2024, Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund acquired all the net assets of Invesco V.I. Conservative

Balanced Fund pursuant to a plan of reorganization approved by the Board of Trustees of the Invesco Funds on September 20, 2023 and by the

shareholders of the Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund on January 18, 2024. Shares of Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund were

exchanged for the like class of shares of Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund, based on the relative net asset value of the two funds which

resulted in Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund receiving 0.89134224 shares of Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund in exchange of 1

share of Invesco V.I. Conservative Balanced Fund. As a result of the underlying fund merger, the division name changed from Invesco V.I.

Conservative Balanced Fund to Invesco V.I. Equity and Income Fund. Financial Highlights for the years 2021-2023 correspond to the Invesco

V.I. Conservative Balanced Division.

<sup>5</sup>After the close of business on April 29, 2022, Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Fund acquired all the net assets of Invesco V.I. Core Bond Fund

pursuant to a plan of reorganization approved by the Board of Trustees of the Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Fund on December 1, 2021 and by

the shareholders of the Invesco V.I. Core Bond Fund on March 31, 2022. The acquisition was accomplished by a tax-free exchange as of the

close of business on April 29, 2022. Shares of Invesco V.I. Core Bond Fund were exchanged for the like class of shares of Invesco V.I. Core

Plus Bond Fund, based on the relative net asset value of the two funds which resulted in Invesco V.I. Core Bond Fund receiving 1.15816327

shares of Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond Fund in exchange of 1 share of Invesco V.I Core Bond Fund. As a result of the underlying fund merger,

the division name changed from Invesco V.I. Core Bond to Invesco V.I. Core Plus Bond. Financial Highlights for the year 2021 correspond to

the Invesco V.I. Core Bond Division.

<sup>6</sup>See Note 2 to the financial statements for the previous name of this Division.

***Notes To Financial Statements*** *(Continued)* 

***8. FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (Continued)***

**B.**The Separate Account reflects charges associated with the contract. These charges are either assessed in the

daily pricing of unit values or through a redemption of units from contracts contained within the Separate

Account.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | This charge is equal, on an annual basis, to <br>1.15% of the daily value of the assets invested in <br>each fund. |
| **Mortality and Expense Risk Charge**<sup>1</sup> | This charge is equal, on an annual basis, to <br>1.15% of the daily value of the assets invested in <br>each fund. |
| This charge is assessed through daily pricing of <br>unit values.<br>| This charge is equal, on an annual basis, to <br>1.15% of the daily value of the assets invested in <br>each fund. |
| **Administrative Expense Charge** | This charge is equal, on an annual basis, to <br>0.15% of the daily value of the assets invested in <br>each fund. |
| This charge is assessed through daily pricing of <br>unit values.<br>| This charge is equal, on an annual basis, to <br>0.15% of the daily value of the assets invested in <br>each fund. |
| **Death Benefit Charge** | This charge is equal, on an annual basis, to <br>0.10% of the daily value of the assets invested in <br>each fund. |
| This charge is assessed through daily pricing of <br>unit values.<br>| This charge is equal, on an annual basis, to <br>0.10% of the daily value of the assets invested in <br>each fund. |
| **Administrative Charge**<sup>2</sup> | $30 per contract, annually. |
| This charge is assessed through the daily pricing <br>of units.<br>| These charges are not applicable to contracts <br>with values of $50,000 or more.<br>|
| **Contingent Deferred Sales Charge** | 0 - 7% |
| This charge is assessed through the daily pricing <br>of units.<br>|  |

---

<sup>1</sup>Right reserved to increase to 1.25%.

<sup>2</sup>Right reserved to increase to $50.

***9. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS***

The Separate Account's management has reviewed events occurring through March 10, 2026, the date the

financial statements were issued, and no subsequent events occurred requiring accrual or disclosure.

**MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY**

STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024 and

for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <u>**Table of Contents**</u> | <u>**Table of Contents**</u> | <u>**Table of Contents**</u> | <u>**Table of Contents**</u> |
|  |  |  | <u>Page</u> |
| <u>[Statutory Statements of Financial Position](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_10)</u> | <u>[Statutory Statements of Financial Position](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_10)</u> | <u>[Statutory Statements of Financial Position](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_10)</u> | <u>[1](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_10)</u> |
| <u>[Statutory Statements of Operations](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_13)</u> | <u>[Statutory Statements of Operations](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_13)</u> | <u>[Statutory Statements of Operations](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_13)</u> | <u>[2](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_13)</u> |
| <u>[Statutory Statements of Changes in Capital and Surplus](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_16)</u> | <u>[Statutory Statements of Changes in Capital and Surplus](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_16)</u> | <u>[Statutory Statements of Changes in Capital and Surplus](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_16)</u> | <u>[3](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_16)</u> |
| <u>[Statutory Statements of Cash Flows](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_19)</u> | <u>[Statutory Statements of Cash Flows](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_19)</u> | <u>[Statutory Statements of Cash Flows](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_19)</u> | <u>[4](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_19)</u> |
| Notes to Statutory Financial Statements: | Notes to Statutory Financial Statements: | Notes to Statutory Financial Statements: |  |
| 1. |  | <u>[Nature of operations](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_22)</u> | <u>[5](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_22)</u> |
| 2. |  | <u>[Summary of significant accounting policies](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_25)</u> | <u>[5](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_25)</u> |
| 3. |  | <u>[New accounting standards](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_28)</u> | <u>[13](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_28)</u> |
| 4. |  | <u>[Fair value of financial instruments](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_31)</u> | <u>[16](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_31)</u> |
| 5. |  | <u>[Investments](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_34)</u> |  |
|  | a. | <u>[Bonds](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_37)</u> | <u>[19](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_37)</u> |
|  | b. | <u>[5](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_593)[GI Securities](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_593)</u> | <u>[23](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_593)</u> |
|  | c. | <u>[Mortgage loans](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_40)</u> | <u>[23](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_40)</u> |
|  | d. | <u>[Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_64)</u> | <u>[24](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_43)</u> |
|  | e. | <u>[Net investment income](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_46)</u> | <u>[25](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_46)</u> |
|  | f. | <u>[Net realized capital losses](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_49)</u> | <u>[25](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_49)</u> |
|  | g. | <u>[Restricted assets](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_52)</u> | <u>[25](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_52)</u> |
| 6. |  | <u>[Federal income taxes](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_55)</u> | <u>[26](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_55)</u> |
| 7. |  | <u>[Deferred and uncollected life insurance premium](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_58)</u> | <u>[32](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_58)</u> |
| 8. |  | <u>[Policyholders' liabilities](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_61)</u> | <u>[32](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_61)</u> |
| 9. |  | <u>[Reinsurance](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_64)</u> | <u>[33](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_64)</u> |
| 10. |  | <u>[Withdrawal characteristics](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_67)</u> | <u>[34](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_67)</u> |
| 11. |  | <u>[Changes in capital and surplus](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_70)</u> | <u>[37](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_70)</u> |
| 12. |  | <u>[Presentation of the Statutory Statements of Cash Flows](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_73)</u> | <u>[37](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_73)</u> |
| 13. |  | <u>[Business risks, commitments and contingencies](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_76)</u> | <u>[37](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_76)</u> |
| 14. |  | <u>[Related party transactions](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_88)</u> | <u>[40](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_88)</u> |
| 15. |  | <u>[Subsidiaries and affiliated companies](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_91)</u> | <u>[41](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_91)</u> |
| 16. |  | <u>[Subsequent events](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_94)</u> | <u>[42](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_94)</u> |
| 17 |  | <u>[Impairment listing for loan-backed and structured securities](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_97)</u> | <u>[43](#i2c5e0bfc5f8f4d158c828f69a1763889_97)</u> |

---

------

![](logo.jpg)

KPMG LLP

One Financial Plaza

755 Main Street

Hartford, CT 06103

**Independent Auditors' Report**

Board of Directors

MML Bay State Life Insurance Company:

*Opinions*

We have audited the financial statements of MML Bay State Life Insurance Company (the Company), which comprise the statutory statements of financial position as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related statutory statements of operations, changes in capital and surplus, and cash flows for the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes to the financial statements.

*Unmodified Opinion on Statutory Basis of Accounting*

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the three-year period ended December 31, 2025, in accordance with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Connecticut Insurance Department described in Note 2.

*Adverse Opinion on U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles*

In our opinion, because of the significance of the matter discussed in the Basis for Adverse Opinion on U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles section of our report, the financial statements do not present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, or the results of its operations or its cash flows for the three-year period ended December 31, 2025.

*Basis for Opinions*

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audits. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinions.

*Basis for Adverse Opinion on U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles*

As described in Note 2 to the financial statements, the financial statements are prepared by the Company using accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Connecticut Insurance Department, which is a basis of accounting other than U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, the financial statements are not intended to be presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The effects on the financial statements of the variances between the statutory accounting practices described in Note 2 and U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, although not reasonably determinable, are presumed to be material and pervasive.

*Responsibilities of Management for the Financial Statements*

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Connecticut Insurance Department.

KPMG LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership, and its subsidiaries are part of

the KPMG global organization of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG

International Limited, a private English company limited by guarantee.

![](logo.jpg)

Management is also responsible for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

*Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements*

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the financial statements.

In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, we:

● Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.

● Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.

● Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.

● Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the financial statements.

● Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control related matters that we identified during the audit.

![](kpmg01.jpg)

Hartford, Connecticut

February 26, 2026

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31,<br>2025 | December 31,<br>2024 |
| | ($ In Millions, except for par value) | ($ In Millions, except for par value) |
| **Assets:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Bonds | $193 | $237 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Mortgage loans | 1 | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Policy loans | 93 | 98 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 117 | 81 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other invested assets | 1 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total invested assets | 405 | 417 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investment income due and accrued | 4 | 5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal income taxes | 2 | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net deferred income taxes | 1 | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other than invested assets | 10 | 10 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets excluding separate accounts | 422 | 435 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Separate account assets | 4955 | 4822 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets | $5377 | $5257 |
| **Liabilities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Policyholders' reserves | $144 | $144 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Liabilities for deposit-type contracts | 10 | 11 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Contract claims and other benefits | 44 | 37 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Transfers due to separate accounts | (20) | (6) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Payable to affiliates | 3 | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Asset valuation reserve | 7 | 7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other liabilities | 27 | 21 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities excluding separate accounts | 215 | 216 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Separate account liabilities | 4955 | 4822 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities | 5170 | 5038 |
| **Capital and surplus:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock, $200 par value |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;50,000 shares authorized |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12,501 shares issued and outstanding | 3 | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Paid-in and contributed surplus | 144 | 144 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Surplus | 60 | 72 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total capital and surplus | 207 | 219 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities and capital and surplus | $5377 | $5257 |

---

See accompanying notes to statutory financial statements

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| **Revenue:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Premium income | $(5) | $(3) | $(9) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net investment income | 18 | 20 | 19 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Reserve adjustments on reinsurance ceded | (97) | (94) | (82) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fees and other income | 91 | 92 | 90 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue | 7 | 15 | 18 |
| **Benefits, expenses and other deductions:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Policyholders' benefits | 82 | 77 | 61 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Change in policyholders' reserves | (1) | 3 | 4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net transfers from separate accounts | (96) | (87) | (63) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;General insurance expenses | 9 | 8 | 8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commissions | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;State taxes, licenses and fees | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other deductions | (1) | (1) | (2) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total benefits, expenses and other deductions | (4) | 3 | 11 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net gain from operations before federal income taxes | 11 | 12 | 7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal income tax expense (benefit) | 1 | 1 | (1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net gain from operations | 10 | 11 | 8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net realized capital losses |  |  | (1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | $10 | $11 | $7 |

---

See accompanying notes to statutory financial statements

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CAPITAL AND SURPLUS

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Capital and surplus, beginning of year | $219 | $233 | $252 |
| Net decrease due to: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | 10 | 11 | 7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Change in other net deferred income taxes |  | (1) | (1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Change in asset valuation reserve |  | (1) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dividend paid | (21) | (23) | (25) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | (1) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net decrease | (12) | (14) | (19) |
| Capital and surplus, end of year | $207 | $219 | $233 |

---

See accompanying notes to statutory financial statements

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

STATUTORY STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| **Cash from operations:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Premium and other income collected | $1 | $1 | $1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net investment income | 19 | 20 | 19 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Miscellaneous income | (2) | 2 | 30 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Benefit payments | (80) | (73) | (69) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net transfers from separate accounts | 83 | 88 | 51 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commissions and other expenses | (9) | (11) | (5) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal and foreign income taxes recovered | (1) | (1) | (2) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash from operations | 11 | 26 | 25 |
| **Cash from investments:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from investments sold, matured or repaid: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bonds | 48 | 87 | 10 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total investment proceeds | 48 | 87 | 10 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of investments acquired: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bonds | (4) | (74) | (48) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total investments acquired | (4) | (74) | (48) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net decrease (increase) in policy loans | 6 | (2) | (2) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash from (used in) investing activities | 50 | 11 | (40) |
| **Cash from financing and miscellaneous sources:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net withdrawals on deposit-type contracts | (1) | (1) | (2) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dividend paid | (21) | (23) | (25) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other cash used | (3) |  | (2) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash used in financing and miscellaneous sources | (25) | (24) | (29) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net change in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 36 | 13 | (44) |
| Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Beginning of year | 81 | 68 | 112 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; End of year | $117 | $81 | $68 |

---

See accompanying notes to statutory financial statements

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

***1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nature of operations***

These statutory financial statements include MML Bay State Life Insurance Company (the Company), a wholly owned stock life insurance subsidiary of C.M. Life Insurance Company (C.M. Life). C.M. Life is a wholly owned stock life insurance subsidiary of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (MassMutual). The Company is domiciled in the State of Connecticut. It provides life insurance and annuities to individuals and group life insurance to institutions.

MassMutual is a mutual life insurance company domiciled in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. MassMutual and its subsidiaries provide individual and group life insurance, disability income insurance, individual and group annuities and guaranteed interest contracts (GICs) to individual and institutional customers in all 50 states of the United States of America (U.S.), the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Products and services are offered primarily through the Company's affiliated distribution channel, MassMutual Strategic Distributors (MMSD), Institutional Solutions (IS) and Worksite distribution channels.

The affiliated distribution channel is a sales force of financial professionals that operate in the U.S. The affiliated distribution channel sells life insurance, annuities, hybrid life, and DI. The Company's MMSD channel sells life insurance, DI, annuity, and hybrid life solutions through a network of third-party distribution partners. The Company's IS distribution channel places group annuities, life insurance and GICs primarily through retirement advisory firms, actuarial consulting firms, investment banks, insurance benefit advisors and investment management companies. The Company's Worksite channel works with advisors and employers across the country to provide American workers with voluntary and executive benefits such as group whole life insurance, group critical illness insurance, group accident insurance and DI, through the workplace.

***2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Summary of significant accounting policies***

***a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basis of presentation***

The statutory financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the statutory accounting practices of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) and the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Connecticut Insurance Department (the Department).

Statutory accounting practices are different in some respects from financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). The more significant differences between statutory accounting practices and U.S. GAAP are as follows:

*Invested assets*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Bonds are generally carried at amortized cost, whereas U.S. GAAP reports bonds at fair value for bonds available for sale and trading or at amortized cost for bonds held to maturity

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Non-conforming bonds are generally carried at purchase price, whereas U.S GAAP does not have the concept of non-conforming bonds

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Residual tranches are generally carried at the lower of cost or market, whereas U.S. GAAP reports residual tranches at fair value

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Investments in surplus notes are generally carried at purchase price and accrued income is disallowed, whereas U.S. GAAP reports investments in surplus notes at fair value and accrued income is allowed

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Financial assets including mortgage and other commercial loans, equipment loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, and trade, lease, reinsurance and other receivables are accounted for using the other-than-temporary impairments(s) (OTTI) model described in *Note 2t Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)*, whereas U.S. GAAP would use the current expected credit loss impairment model for these financial assets carried at amortized cost

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

*Policyholders' liabilities*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*•* Statutory policy reserves are generally based upon prescribed methods, such as the Commissioners' Reserve Valuation Method, Commissioners' Annuity Reserve Valuation Method or net level premium method, and prescribed statutory mortality, morbidity and interest assumptions at the time of issuance, whereas U.S. GAAP policy reserves would generally be based upon the net level premium method or the estimated gross margin method with estimates of future mortality, morbidity, persistency and interest

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*•* Liabilities for policyholders' reserves, unearned premium, and unpaid claims are presented net of reinsurance ceded, whereas U.S. GAAP would present the liabilities on a direct basis and report an asset for the amounts recoverable or due from reinsurers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*•* Payments received for universal and variable life insurance products, certain variable and fixed deferred annuities and group annuity contracts are reported as premium income and corresponding change in reserves, whereas U.S. GAAP would treat these payments as deposits to policyholders' account balances

*General insurance expenses and commissions*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Certain acquisition costs, such as commissions and other variable costs, directly related to successfully acquiring new business are charged to current operations as incurred, whereas U.S. GAAP generally would capitalize these expenses and amortize them based on a constant level basis over the expected life of the contracts

*Net realized capital (losses) gains*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• After-tax realized capital (losses) gains that result from changes in the overall level of interest rates for all types of fixed-income investments and interest-related hedging activities are deferred into the interest maintenance reserve (IMR) and amortized into revenue, whereas U.S. GAAP reports these gains and losses as revenue

*Capital and surplus*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Changes in the balances of deferred income taxes, which provide for book versus tax temporary differences, are subject to limitation and are recorded in surplus, whereas U.S. GAAP would generally include the change in deferred taxes in net income without limitation

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Assets are reported at admitted asset value and assets designated as nonadmitted are excluded through a charge against surplus, whereas U.S. GAAP recognizes all assets, net of any valuation allowances

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• An asset valuation reserve (AVR) is reported as a contingency reserve to stabilize surplus against fluctuations in the statement value of real estate, partnerships and limited liability companies and certain common stocks as well as credit-related changes in the value of bonds, mortgage loans and certain derivatives, whereas U.S. GAAP does not record this reserve and deploys the current expected credit loss impairment model as changes through equity

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Changes to the mortgage loan valuation allowance are recognized in net unrealized capital gains (losses), net of tax, in the Statutory Statements of Changes in Capital and Surplus, whereas U.S. GAAP follows the current expected credit losses model with changes recognized in the income statement

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Statutory Statements of Changes in Capital and Surplus includes net income, change in net unrealized capital gains (losses), change in net unrealized foreign exchange capital gains (losses), change in other net deferred income taxes, change in nonadmitted assets, change in AVR, prior period adjustments and change in minimum pension liability, whereas U.S. GAAP presents net income as retained earnings and net unrealized capital gains (losses), change in net unrealized foreign exchange capital gains (losses), change in minimum pension liability as other comprehensive income

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

*Other* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Assets and liabilities associated with certain variable universal life contracts, which do not pass-through all investment experience to contract holders, are maintained in separate accounts and are presented on a single line in the statutory financial statements, whereas U.S. GAAP reports these contracts as general investments and liabilities of the Company

The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of assets and liabilities as of the date of these statutory financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates and assumptions include those used in determining the carrying values of investments including the amount of mortgage loan investment valuation reserves, other-than-temporary impairment, the value of the investment in the liabilities for policyholders' reserves, the determination of admissible deferred tax assets (DTA), the liability for taxes and the liability for litigation or other contingencies. Future events including, but not limited to, changes in the level of mortality, morbidity, interest rates, persistency, asset valuations and defaults could cause results to differ from the estimates used in these statutory financial statements. Although some variability is inherent in these estimates, management believes the amounts presented are appropriate.

Certain prior year amounts within these financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

***b.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bonds***

Bonds are generally valued at amortized cost using the constant yield interest method with the exception of NAIC Category 6 bonds, which are in or near default, and certain residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) and commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), which are rated by outside modelers, which are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. NAIC ratings are applied to bonds and other investments. Categories 1 and 2 are considered investment grade, while Categories 3 through 6 are considered below investment grade. Bonds are recorded on a trade date basis, except for private placement bonds, which are recorded on the funding date.

For loan-backed and structured securities, such as asset-backed securities (ABS), mortgage-backed securities (MBS), including RMBS and CMBS, and structured securities, including collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), amortization or accretion is revalued quarterly based on the current estimated cash flows, using either the prospective or retrospective adjustment methodologies.

Fixed income securities with the highest ratings from a rating agency follow the retrospective method of accounting.

The fair value of bonds is based on quoted market prices when available. If quoted market prices are not available, values provided by other third-party organizations are used. If values provided by other third-party organizations are unavailable, fair value is estimated using internal models by discounting expected future cash flows using observable current market rates applicable to yield, credit quality and maturity of the investment or using quoted market values for comparable investments. Internal inputs used in the determination of fair value include estimated prepayment speeds, default rates, discount rates and collateral values, among others. Structure characteristics and cash flow priority are also considered. Fair values resulting from internal models are those expected to be received in an orderly transaction between willing market participants.

Refer to *Note 2t. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)"* for information on the Company's policy for determining OTTI.

***c.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mortgage loans***

Mortgage loans are valued at the unpaid principal balance of the loan, net of unamortized premium, discount, mortgage origination fees and valuation allowances.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

Refer to *Note 2t. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)"* for information on the Company's policy for determining OTTI.

***d.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Policy loans***

Policy loans are carried at the outstanding loan balance less amounts unsecured by the cash surrender value of the policy.

***e.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments***

Cash and cash equivalents, which are carried at amortized cost, consist of all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less.

Short-term investments, which are carried at amortized cost, consist of short-term bonds and all highly liquid investments purchased with maturities of greater than three months and less than or equal to 12 months.

The carrying value reported in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position for cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment instruments approximates the fair value.

***f.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds***

Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds represent investments with fixed schedule of future payments that no not qualify for bond reporting under SSAP No. 26. These include securities that lack a substantive creditor relationship, do not provide meaningful credit enhancement, or do not generate sufficient cash flows.

Refer to *Note 2t. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)"* for information on the Company's policy for determining OTTI.

***g.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investment income due and accrued***

Accrued investment income consists primarily of interest, which is recognized on an accrual basis.

***h.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal income taxes***

Total federal income taxes are based upon the Company's best estimate of its current and deferred tax assets or liabilities. Current tax expense (benefit) is reported in the Statutory Statements of Operations as federal income tax expense (benefit) if resulting from operations and within net realized capital (losses) gains if resulting from invested asset transactions. Changes in the balances of net deferred taxes, which provide for book-to-tax temporary differences, are subject to limitations and are reported within various lines within surplus. Accordingly, the reporting of book-to-tax temporary differences, such as reserves and policy acquisition costs, and of book-to-tax permanent differences, such as tax-exempt interest and tax credits, may result in effective tax rates in the Statutory Statements of Operations that differ from the federal statutory tax rate.

***i.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other than invested assets***

Other than invested assets primarily includes deferred and uncollected life insurance premium, reinsurance recoverable, and other receivables.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

***j.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Separate accounts***

Separate accounts and sub-accounts are segregated funds administered and invested by the Company, the performance of which primarily benefits the policyholders/contract holders with an interest in the separate accounts. Group and individual variable annuity, variable life and other insurance policyholders/contract holders select from among the separate accounts and sub-accounts made available by the Company. The separate accounts and sub-accounts are offered as investment options under certain insurance contracts or policies. The returns produced by separate account assets increase or decrease separate account reserves. Separate account assets consist principally of marketable securities reported at fair value. Except for the Company's seed money, supplemental accounts and certain guaranteed separate accounts issued in Minnesota, separate account assets can only be used to satisfy separate account liabilities and are not available to satisfy the general obligations of the Company. Separate account administrative and investment advisory fees are included in fees and other income.

Assets may be transferred from the general investments of the Company to seed the separate accounts. When assets are transferred, they are transferred at fair market value. Gains related to the transfer are deferred to the extent that the Company maintains a proportionate interest in the separate account. The deferred gain is recognized as the Company's ownership decreases or when the underlying assets are sold. Losses associated with these transfers are recognized immediately.

Separate accounts reflect two categories of risk assumption: nonguaranteed separate accounts for which the policyholder/contract holder assumes the investment risk and guaranteed separate accounts for which the Company contractually guarantees a minimum return, a minimum account value, or both to the policyholder/contract holder.

Premium income, benefits and expenses of the separate accounts are included in the Statutory Statements of Operations with the offset recorded in the change in policyholders' reserves. Investment income, realized capital gains (losses) and unrealized capital gains (losses) on the assets of separate accounts, other than seed money, accrue to policyholders/contract holders and are not recorded in the Statutory Statements of Operations.

***k.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nonadmitted assets***

Assets designated as nonadmitted by the NAIC primarily include the amount of DTA (subject to certain limitations) that will not be realized by the end of the third calendar year following the current year end. These assets are designated as nonadmitted and are excluded from the Statutory Statements of Financial Position through a change in nonadmitted assets on the Statutory Statements of Changes in Capital and Surplus.

***l.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reinsurance***

The Company enters into reinsurance agreements with affiliated and unaffiliated insurers in the normal course of business to limit its insurance risk or to assume business.

Premium income, policyholders' benefits (including unpaid claims) and policyholders' reserves are reported net of reinsurance. Premium, benefits and reserves related to reinsured business are accounted for on bases consistent with those used in accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. The Company records a receivable for reinsured benefits paid, but not yet reimbursed by the reinsurer and reduces policyholders' reserves for the portion of insurance liabilities that are reinsured. Commissions and expense allowances on reinsurance ceded and modified coinsurance (Modco) reserve adjustments on reinsurance ceded are recorded as revenue.

***m.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Policyholders' reserves***

Policyholders' reserves are developed by actuarial methods and are determined based on statutory prescribed mortality/morbidity tables using specified interest rates and valuation methods that will provide for the present value of estimated future obligations in excess of estimated future premium on policies in force.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The Company charges a higher premium on certain contracts that cover substandard mortality risk. For these policies, the reserve calculations are based on a substandard mortality rate, which is a multiple of the standard mortality tables.

Certain individual variable annuity products issued by the Company offer guaranteed minimum death benefits (GMDB). The liability for GMDB is included in policyholders' reserves and the related change in this liability is included in change in policyholders' reserves.

Tabular interest, tabular reserves, reserves released, and tabular cost for all life and annuity contracts and supplementary contracts involving life contingencies are determined in accordance with NAIC Annual Statement instructions. For tabular interest, variable life, group life, annuity and supplemental contracts use a formula that applies a weighted average credited rate to the mean account value. For contracts without an account value a weighted average statutory valuation rate is applied to the mean statutory reserve or accepted actuarial methods using applicable interest rates are applied.

All policyholders' reserves and accruals are presented net of reinsurance. Management believes that these liabilities and accruals follow statutory accounting requirements and are sufficient, in conjunction with future revenues, to meet future anticipated obligations of policies and contracts in force.

***n.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Liabilities for deposit-type contracts***

Liabilities for investment-type contracts such as supplementary contracts not involving life contingencies are based on account value or accepted actuarial methods using applicable interest rates.

***o.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transfers due to separate accounts***

Transfers due to separate accounts represent a net payable to the Company's separate accounts.

***p.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Asset valuation reserve***

The Company maintains an AVR that is a contingency reserve to stabilize capital and surplus against fluctuations in credit-related changes in the value of bonds and mortgage loans. The AVR is reported as a liability within the Statutory Statements of Financial Position and the change in AVR, net of tax, is reported within the Statutory Statements of Changes in Capital and Surplus.

***q.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest maintenance reserve***

The Company maintains an IMR that is used to stabilize net income against fluctuations in interest rates. After-tax realized capital gains (losses), which result from changes in interest rates for all types of fixed-income investments, are deferred into the IMR and amortized into net investment income using the grouped amortization method. In the grouped amortization method, assets are grouped based on years of maturity. IMR is reduced by the amount ceded to reinsurers when entering into in force coinsurance ceding agreements. The IMR is included in other liabilities or, if negative, is included as net negative (Disallowed) IMR for any admitted portion in other than invested assets.

***r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other liabilities***

Other liabilities primarily consist of due and accrued separate account transfers, remittances and items not allocated, affiliated payables and accounts payable.

***s.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Premium and related expense recognition***

Life insurance premium revenue is generally recognized annually on the anniversary date of the policy. However, premium for flexible products, primarily universal life and variable universal life contracts, is recognized as revenue when received. Annuity premium is recognized as revenue when received.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

Premium revenue is adjusted by the related deferred premium adjustment. Deferred premium adjusts for the overstatement created in the calculation of reserves as the reserve computation assumes the entire year's net premium is collected annually at the beginning of the policy year and does not take into account installment or modal payments.

Commissions and other costs related to issuance of new policies and policy maintenance and settlement costs are charged to current operations when incurred. Surrender fee charges on certain life and annuity products are recorded as a reduction of benefits and expenses.

***t.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)***

Net realized capital losses, net of taxes, exclude gains (losses) deferred into the IMR and gains (losses) of the separate accounts. Net realized capital losses, including OTTI, are recognized in net income and are determined using the specific identification method.

*Bonds - general*

The Company employs a systematic methodology to evaluate OTTI by conducting a quarterly analysis of bonds. OTTI is evaluated in a manner consistent with market participant assumptions. The Company considers the following factors, where applicable depending on the type of securities, in the evaluation of whether a decline in value is other than temporary: (a) the likelihood that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the debt security; (b) the present value of the expected future cash flows of the security; (c) the characteristics, quality and value of the underlying collateral or issuer securing the position; (d) collateral structure; (e) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been below amortized cost; (f) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; (g) adverse conditions related to the security or industry; (h) the rating of the security; (i) the Company's ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery to amortized cost; and (j) other qualitative and quantitative factors in determining the existence of OTTI including, but not limited to, unrealized loss trend analysis and significant short-term changes in value.

In addition, if the Company has the intent to sell, or the inability, or lack of intent to retain the investment for a period sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis, an OTTI is recognized as a realized loss equal to the entire difference between the investment's amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date.

When a bond is other-than-temporarily impaired, a new cost basis is established.

*Bonds - corporate*

For corporate securities, if it is determined that a decline in the fair value of a bond is other than temporary, OTTI is recognized as a realized loss equal to the difference between the investment's amortized cost basis and, generally, its fair value at the balance sheet date.

The Company analyzes investments whose fair value is below the cost for impairment. Generally, if the investment experiences significant credit or interest rate related deterioration, the cost of the investment is not recoverable, or the Company intends to sell the investment before anticipated recovery, an OTTI is recognized as realized investment loss.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

*Bonds - loan-backed and structured securities*

For loan-backed and structured securities, if the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis of the security, an OTTI is recognized as a realized loss equal to the difference between the investment's amortized cost basis and the present value of cash flows expected to be collected. The expected cash flows are discounted at the security's effective interest rate. Internal inputs used in determining the amount of the OTTI on structured securities include collateral performance, prepayment speeds, default rates, and loss severity based on borrower and loan characteristics, as well as deal structure including subordination, over-collateralization and cash flow priority.

ABS and MBS are evaluated for OTTI using scenarios and assumptions based on the specifics of each security including collateral type, loan type, vintage and subordination level in the structure. Cash flow estimates are based on these assumptions and inputs obtained from external industry sources along with internal analysis and actual experience. Where applicable, assumptions include prepayment speeds, default rates and loss severity, weighted average maturity and changes in the underlying collateral values.

The Company has a review process for determining if CDOs are at risk for OTTI. For the senior, mezzanine and junior debt tranches, cash flows are modeled using multiple scenarios based on the current ratings and values of the underlying corporate credit risks and incorporating prepayment and default assumptions that vary according to collateral attributes of each CDOs. The prepayment and default assumptions are varied within each model based upon rating (base case), historical expectations (default), rating change improvement (optimistic), rating change downgrade (pessimistic) and fair value (market). The default rates produced by these multiple scenarios are assigned an expectation weight according to current market and economic conditions and fed into a final scenario. OTTI is recorded if this final scenario results in the loss of any principal or interest payments due.

For the most subordinated junior CDOs tranches, the present value of the projected cash flows in the final scenario is measured using an effective yield. If the current book value of the security is greater than the present value measured using an effective yield, an OTTI is taken in an amount sufficient to produce its effective yield. Certain CDOs cannot be modeled using all of the scenarios because of limitations on the data needed for all scenarios. The cash flows for these CDOs, including foreign currency denominated CDOs, are projected using a customized scenario that management believes is reasonable for the applicable collateral pool.

For loan-backed and structured securities, any difference between the new amortized cost basis and any increased present value of future cash flows expected to be collected is accreted into net investment income over the expected remaining life of the bond.

*Mortgage loans*

The Company performs internal reviews at least annually to determine if individual mortgage loans are performing or nonperforming. The fair values of performing mortgage loans are estimated by discounting expected future cash flows using current interest rates for similar loans with similar credit risk. For nonperforming loans, the fair value is the estimated collateral value of the underlying real estate. If foreclosure is probable, the Company will obtain an external appraisal.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

Mortgage loans are considered to be impaired when, based upon current available information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts of principal and interest due according to the contractual terms of the mortgage loan agreement. A valuation allowance is recorded on a loan-by-loan basis in net unrealized capital losses for the excess of the carrying value of the mortgage loan over the fair value of its underlying collateral. Such information or events could include property performance, capital budgets, future lease roll, a property inspection as well as payment trends. Collectability and estimated decreases in collateral values are also assessed on a loan-by-loan basis considering all events and conditions relevant to the loan. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revisions as more information becomes available, as changes occur in the market or as negotiations with the borrowing entity evolve. If there is a change in the fair value of the underlying collateral or the estimated loss on the loan, the valuation allowance is adjusted accordingly. An OTTI occurs upon the realization of a credit loss, typically through foreclosure or after a decision is made to accept a discounted payoff, and is recognized in realized capital losses. The previously recorded valuation allowance is reversed from unrealized capital losses. When an OTTI is recorded, a new cost basis is established reflecting estimated value of the collateral.

*Unrealized capital gains (losses)*

Unrealized capital gains (losses) include changes in the fair value of bonds held at fair value and are recorded as a change in capital and surplus net of tax.

***3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New accounting standards***

***Adoption of new accounting standards***

In August 2025, the NAIC adopted revisions to INT 23-01 (Disallowed IMR) which extended the effective date of the INT to December 31, 2026 and added additional disclosure requirements and clarifications to the guidance in the INT.

INT 23-01 provided optional, limited-term guidance for the assessment of disallowed IMR for up to 10% of adjusted general account capital and surplus. An insurer's capital and surplus must first be adjusted to exclude certain "soft assets" including net positive goodwill, electronic data processing equipment and operating system software, net DTA and admitted disallowed IMR. An insurer is only able to admit the negative IMR if the insurer's risk-based capital is over 300% of the authorized control level after adjusting to remove the assets described above.

Negative IMR may be admitted first in the insurer's general account and then, if all disallowed IMR in the general account is admitted and the percentage limit is not reached, to the separate account proportionately between insulated and noninsulated accounts. If the insurer can demonstrate historical practice in which acquired gains from derivatives were also reversed to IMR (as liabilities) and amortized, there is no exclusion for derivatives losses. INT 23-01 was adopted by the Company as of September 30, 2023.

To the extent the Company's IMR balance is a net negative, the effects of INT 23-01 are reflected in the Company's financial position, results of operations, and financial statement disclosures. The Company has adopted revisions to INT 23-01, which did not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2024, the NAIC adopted revisions to avoid allocating realized gains or losses from bond sales to the IMR when sold before a rating downgrade. Revisions were also made to avoid allocating realized gains or losses from mortgage loan sales when there is a credit loss allowance, where payments are not 90 days past due. Revisions were also made to update guidance on changes in credit ratings used to allocate credit or interest rate related gains or losses, requiring identification of realized losses from acute credit events to be allocated to AVR. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

Effective March 16, 2024, the NAIC adopted revisions to the requirements of audit and admissibility in SSAP No. 97 – Investments in Subsidiary, Controlled and Affiliated Entities (SCA) to better align with the guidance on the look-through methodology. The revisions allow for admitting audited investments in entities owned by unaudited downstream noninsurance holding company SCA entity. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

In August 2023, the NAIC adopted revisions to clarify and incorporate a new bond definition within disclosures SSAP No. 26 – Bonds, SSAP No. 43 – ABS, and other related SSAPs, effective January 1, 2025. The revisions were issued in connection with its principle-based bond definition project, "the Bond Project".

The Bond Project began in October 2020 through the development of a principle-based bond definition to be used for all securities in determining whether they qualify for reporting on the statutory annual statement Schedule D. Within the new bond definition, bonds are classified as an issuer credit obligation (ICO) or an ABS.

An ICO is defined as a bond where repayment is supported by the general creditworthiness of an operating entity, and an ABS is defined as a bond issued by an entity created for the primary purpose of raising capital through debt backed by financial assets. The revisions to SSAP No. 26 reflect the principle-based bond definition, and SSAP No. 43 provides accounting and reporting guidance for investments that qualify as ABS under the new bond definition. Upon adoption, investments that do not qualify as bonds will not be permitted to be reported as bonds on Schedule D, Part 1 thereafter as there will be no grandfathering for existing investments that do not qualify under the revised SSAPs. The Company has adopted this guidance, resulting in $1 million for all securities reclassed off Schedule D-1, which includes $1 million that resulted with a change in measurement basis. The adoption resulted in a decrease in unrealized capital gains on the Statutory Statement of Changes in Capital and Surplus of less than $1 million for the Company on January 1, 2025. Modifications of disclosures by asset categories are prospectively applied to *Note 5a. "Investments – Bond*s".

In March 2024, the NAIC adopted revisions to SSAP No. 21 - Other Admitted Assets, effective January 1, 2025, clarifying that residuals follow the effective yield approach with a cap and providing an election for the cost recovery method. The Company elected the effective yield method using the allowable earned yield, capped by the amount of cash distributions received. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2025, revisions were made to short-term investments, which include excluding additional investment types from being reported as cash equivalents or short-term investments regardless of maturity date of the investment at the date of acquisition. Investments will be eliminated from being reported as cash equivalents or short-term investments unless they would qualify under SSAP No. 26 – Bonds as an ICO. Such investments will then only qualify as a cash equivalent or short-term investment if they have a maturity date within 3-months (cash equivalents) or 12-months (short-term) from the date of acquisition or meet the specific requirements for money market mutual funds or cash pooling arrangements. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

The NAIC adopted revisions to various SSAPs for investments in tax credits, acquired tax credits and updated annual statement reporting categories for tax credit investment risk-based capital. These revisions include broad criteria to scope in various tax credit programs, including solar programs and state specific programs. This adoption requires proportional amortization as the measurement approach, as with existing low-income housing tax credits, recording amortization of the investment in the partnership through net investment income and the use of the tax credits in the appropriate tax line. The adopted revisions were effective on January 1, 2025. The modifications were prospectively applied and did not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

In March 2025, the NAIC adopted revisions to clarify how assets held under modified coinsurance (Modco) or funds withheld (FWH) agreements shall be reflected within the restricted asset disclosure in SSAP No.1 -Accounting Policies, Risks & Uncertainties, and Other Disclosures and in the corresponding disclosures in *Note 5g."Restricted assets"* of the statutory financial statements. It also proposes enhanced disclosures to fully identify the extent of restricted assets reported on balance sheet within a single disclosure as well as identify differences between the restricted asset annual statement disclosure and the amount reported in the annual statement general interrogatories, which is pulled directly into the risk-based capital formulas. The adopted revisions will be effective December 31, 2025. The modifications did not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements.

In December 2025, the NAIC adopted revisions to SSAP No. 61 - Statutory Accounting for Life & Health Reinsurance and related guidance clarifying that risk transfer for combination reinsurance contracts with interdependent features (e.g., coinsurance and yearly renewable term with aggregate experience refunds or recapture rights) must be evaluated in aggregate. Each component satisfying risk transfer individually is necessary but not sufficient for the contract as a whole. These revisions are effective as of immediately for all for new or newly amended contracts with provisions allowing until December 31, 2026 for existing contracts. The Company is assessing the potential impact on the Company's financial statements.

***Future adoption of new accounting standards***

In March 2024, the NAIC proposed expansion of the guidance in SSAP No. 56 - Separate Accounts to further address situations and provide consistent accounting guidelines for when assets are reported at a measurement method other than fair value. This is to address an increase in assets reported at book value within the separate investment account, which have been approved under state prescribed practices and/or interpretations that the reference for fund accumulation contracts captures pension risk transfer (PRT) or registered indexed-linked annuities and other similar general-account type products. In August 2024, the NAIC exposed further revisions as to treatment of IMR for transfers between general investment account and separate investment account, with the broad concept that such transfers would have offset IMR impacts between the general investment account and the book value separate investment account with a zero net impact to surplus. In February 2025, the NAIC adopted final revisions to SSAP No. 56 - Separate Accounts. The revisions clarify the measurement method guidance as well as prescribe guidance for how transfers to/from the general investment account and separate investment account shall be recognized. The adopted revisions will be effective on January 1, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The modifications are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

In November 2024, the NAIC exposed revisions to add guidance for SCAs that are investment in subsidiaries, with consideration to prescribing measurement and potential non-admittance thresholds. Effective December 31, 2026, the concept of investment subsidiaries will be removed from the annual statement. The Company has a material amount of assets within investment subsidiaries and is assessing the potential impact on the Company's financial statements.

In December 2025, the Statutory Accounting Principles Working Group adopted revisions to SSAP No. 37 - Mortgage Loans to expand the scope to include qualifying statutory investment trusts holding only residential mortgage loans. The revisions require disclosure of all statutory trusts owned by the reporting entity and additional disclosures for mortgage loans acquired through qualifying trusts. These changes are effective January 1, 2027. The Company is assessing the potential impact on the Company's financial statements.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

***4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fair value of financial instruments***

The following presents a summary of the carrying values and fair values of the Company's financial instruments:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
| | Carrying Value | Fair Value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Bonds: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ICO | $126 | $126 | $— | $126 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ABS | 67 | 65 |  | 65 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Mortgage loans | 1 | 1 |  |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 117 | 117 |  | 117 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Separate account assets | 4955 | 4937 | 1454 | 3478 | 5 |
| Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Individual annuity contracts | 1 | 1 |  |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Supplementary contracts | 10 | 10 |  |  | 10 |

---

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Carrying Value | Fair Value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Bonds | $237 | $230 | $— | $230 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Mortgage loans | 1 | 1 |  |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 81 | 81 | 2 | 79 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Separate account assets | 4822 | 4766 | 1333 | 3427 | 6 |
| Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Individual annuity contracts | 3 | 3 |  |  | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Supplementary contracts | 10 | 10 |  |  | 10 |

---

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The authoritative guidance for fair value establishes a measurement framework that includes a hierarchy used to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques into three levels. Each level reflects a unique description of the inputs that are significant to the fair value measurements. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 – Observable inputs in the form of quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be derived from observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – One or more unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using internal models, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

When available, the Company generally uses unadjusted quoted market prices from independent sources to determine the fair value of investments and classifies such items within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. If quoted prices are not available, prices are derived from observable market data for similar assets in an active market or obtained directly from brokers for identical assets traded in inactive markets. Investments that are priced using these inputs are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When some of the necessary observable inputs are unavailable, fair value is based upon internally developed models. These models use inputs not directly observable or correlated with observable market data. Typical inputs, which are integrated in the Company's internal discounted cash flow models and discounted earnings models include, but are not limited to, issuer spreads derived from internal credit ratings and benchmark yields such as Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), cash flow estimates and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization estimates. Investments that are priced with such unobservable inputs are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classifications at each reporting period. Overall, reclassifications between levels occur when there are changes in the observability of inputs and market activity used in the valuation of a financial asset or liability. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers between levels at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur. Given the types of assets classified as Level 1 (primarily equity securities including mutual fund investments), transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 measurement categories are expected to be infrequent. Transfers into and out of Level 3 are summarized in the schedule of changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities.

The fair value of individual annuity and supplementary contracts is determined using one of several methods based on the specific contract type. For short-term contracts, generally less than 30 days, the fair value is assumed to be the book value. For contracts with longer durations, GICs and investment-type contracts, the fair value is determined by calculating the present value of future cash flows discounted at current market interest rates, the risk-free rate or a current pricing yield curve based on pricing assumptions using assets of a comparable corporate bond quality. Annuities receiving dividends are accumulated at the average minimum guaranteed rate and discounted at the risk-free rate. All others are valued using cash flow projections from the Company's asset/liability management analysis.

The following presents the Company's fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
| | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Separate account assets | $1455 | $2226 | $— | $3681 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total financial assets carried at fair value | $1455 | $2226 | $— | $3681 |

---

Book value separate account assets of $1,274 million are not carried at fair value and, therefore, are not included in this table.

The Company does not have any financial instruments that were carried at net asset value as a practical expedient.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Bonds | $— | $1 | $— | $1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Separate account assets | 1333 | 2239 |  | 3572 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total financial assets carried at fair value | $1333 | $2240 | $— | $3573 |

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Book value separate account assets of $1,250 million are not carried at fair value and, therefore, are not included in this table.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The Company reviews the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes and the level of market activity may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets or liabilities between fair value hierarchy classifications. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers between levels in the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur.

*Valuation Techniques and Inputs*

The Company determines the fair value of its investments using primarily the market approach or the income approach. The use of quoted prices for identical assets and matrix pricing or other similar techniques are examples of market approaches, while the use of discounted cash flow methodologies is an example of the income approach. The Company attempts to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs in selecting whether the market or the income approach is used.

A description of the significant valuation techniques and inputs to the determination of estimated fair value for the more significant asset and liability classes measured at fair value on a recurring basis and categorized within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy is as follows:

*Separate account assets –* At December 31, 2025 these assets primarily include ICO bonds and ABS bonds as a result of the Bond Project. At December 31, 2024 these assets primarily include bonds (industrial and miscellaneous; U.S. government and agencies). Their fair values are determined as follows:

*ICO bonds* - These securities are principally valued using market or income approaches. Level 2 valuations are based on quoted prices in inactive markets or matrix pricing techniques using observable inputs such as benchmark yield curves, spreads, issuer ratings, and comparable trades. Level 3 valuations rely on discounted cash flow models incorporating significant unobservable inputs, including adjustments for illiquidity, bespoke credit spreads, and issuer-specific factors.

*ABS bonds* - These securities are valued using market or income approaches. Level 2 valuations utilize observable inputs such as benchmark yield curves, spreads, and comparable structured securities. Level 3 valuations incorporate significant unobservable inputs, including assumptions about prepayment speeds, default rates, and liquidity adjustments.

*Bonds (Industrial and miscellaneous) –* These securities are principally valued using the market or the income approaches. Level 2 valuations are based primarily on quoted prices in markets that are not active, broker quotes, matrix pricing or other similar techniques that use standard market observable inputs such as benchmark yields, spreads versus benchmark yields, new issuances, issuer ratings, duration, and trades of identical or comparable securities. Privately placed securities are valued using discounted cash flow models using standard market observable inputs and inputs derived from, or corroborated by, market observable data including market yield curve, duration, call provisions, observable prices and spreads for similar publicly traded or privately traded issuances that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer. This level also includes securities priced by independent pricing services that use observable inputs. Valuations based on matrix pricing or other similar techniques that utilize significant unobservable inputs or inputs that cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data, including adjustments for illiquidity, delta spread adjustments or spreads to reflect industry trends or specific credit-related issues are classified as Level 3. In addition, inputs including quoted prices for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2 are classified as Level 3.

*Bonds (U.S. government and agencies)* – These securities are principally valued using the market approach. Level 2 valuations are based primarily on quoted prices in markets that are not active, or using matrix pricing or other similar techniques using standard market observable inputs such as the benchmark U.S. Treasury yield curve, the spreads versus the U.S. Treasury yield curve for the identical security and comparable securities that are actively traded.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The use of different assumptions or valuation methodologies may have a material impact on the estimated fair value amounts. For the periods presented, there were no significant changes to the Company's valuation techniques.

The following presents changes in the Company's Level 3 assets carried at fair value:

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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Balance<br> as of | Gains (Losses) in Net Income | Losses (Gains) in Surplus | | | | | | | | Balance<br> as of |
| | Balance<br> as of | Gains (Losses) in Net Income | Losses (Gains) in Surplus | | | | | Transfers | Transfers | | Balance<br> as of |
| | 01/01/25 | Gains (Losses) in Net Income | Losses (Gains) in Surplus |<br>Purchases |<br>Issuances |<br>Sales |<br>Settlements | In | Out |<br>Other | 12/31/25 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stocks | $— | $— | $— | $— | $1 | $— | $(1) | $— | $— | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total financial assets | $— | $— | $— | $— | $1 | $— | $(1) | $— | $— | $— | $— |

---

For the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no changes in the Company's level 3 assets carried at fair value.

***5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investments***

The Company maintains a diversified investment portfolio. Investment policies limit concentration in any asset class, geographic region, industry group, economic characteristic, investment quality or individual investment.

***a. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bonds***

The carrying value and fair value of bonds were as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
| | Carrying Value | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair <br>Value |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| ICO: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate bonds | $107 | $1 | $1 | $107 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Single entity backed bonds obligation | 7 |  |  | 7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. government obligation (exempt from RBC) | 4 |  |  | 4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Bonds issued from SEC registered BDC/CEF/REIT | 8 |  |  | 8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total ICO | 126 | 1 | 1 | 126 |
| ABS: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-agency CMBS | 51 |  | 2 | 49 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-agency RMBS | 10 |  |  | 10 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other financial ABS – self-liquidating | 5 |  |  | 5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Agency CMBS | 1 |  |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total ABS | 67 |  | 2 | 65 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total bonds | $193 | $1 | $3 | $191 |

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Carrying Value | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair <br>Value |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| U.S. government and agencies | $4 | $— | $— | $4 |
| Special revenue | 2 |  |  | 2 |
| Industrial and miscellaneous | 228 | 1 | 8 | 221 |
| Hybrid securities | 2 |  |  | 2 |
| Parent, subsidiaries and affiliates | 1 |  |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $237 | $1 | $8 | $230 |

---

The quality of the bond portfolio is determined by the use of NAIC's Securities Valuation Office ratings and the equivalent rating agency designations, except for RMBS and CMBS that use third-party modelers. The following sets forth the NAIC class ratings for the bond portfolio including RMBS and CMBS:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| NAIC Class | Equivalent Rating <br>Agency Designation | Carrying Value | % of Total | Carrying Value | % of Total |
|  |  | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| 1 | Aaa/Aa/A | $146 | 75% | $168 | 71% |
| 2 | Baa | 45 | 23 | 66 | 28 |
| 3 | Ba | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 4 | B | 1 | 1 |  |  |
| 6 | In or near default |  |  | 1 |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $193 | 100% | $237 | 100% |

---

The following summarizes NAIC ratings for RMBS and CMBS investments subject to NAIC modeling:

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| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | RMBS | RMBS | CMBS | CMBS | RMBS | RMBS | CMBS | CMBS |
| NAIC Class | Carrying Value | % of <br>Total | Carrying Value | % of <br>Total | Carrying Value | % of <br>Total | Carrying Value | % of <br>Total |
|  | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| 1 | $1 | 100% | $48 | 92% | $2 | 100% | $58 | 92% |
| 2 |  |  | 3 | 6 |  |  | 4 | 6 |
| 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 | 2 |
| 4 |  |  | 1 | 2 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $1 | 100% | $52 | 100% | $2 | 100% | $63 | 100% |

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The following is a summary of the carrying value and fair value of bonds as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. Securities with more than one maturity date are included in the table using the final maturity date.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Carrying Value | Fair <br>Value | Carrying Value | Fair <br>Value |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Due in one year or less | $17 | $17 | $33 | $33 |
| Due after one year through five years | 80 | 80 | 83 | 81 |
| Due after five years through ten years | 26 | 27 | 37 | 36 |
| Due after ten years | 70 | 67 | 85 | 80 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $193 | $191 | $238 | $230 |

---

Sales proceeds and related gross realized capital gains (losses) from bonds were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Proceeds from sales | $1 | $64 | $1 |
| Gross realized capital losses from sales |  |  | (1) |

---

The following is a summary of the fair values and gross unrealized losses aggregated by bond category and length of time that the securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
| | Less Than 12 Months | Less Than 12 Months | Less Than 12 Months | 12 Months or Longer | 12 Months or Longer | 12 Months or Longer |
| | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Number of Issuers | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Number of Issuers |
| | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| ICO: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Corporate bonds | $2 | $— | 2 | $40 | $1 | 42 |
| Single entity backed bonds obligation |  |  | 1 | 2 |  | 1 |
| Bonds issued from SEC registered BDC/CEF/REIT |  |  |  | 5 |  | 8 |
| Total ICO | 2 |  | 3 | 47 | 1 | 51 |
| ABS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Non-agency RMBS |  |  | 2 | 1 |  | 18 |
| Non-agency CMBS |  |  |  | 49 | 2 | 30 |
| Other financial ABS – self-liquidating | 1 |  | 1 | 2 |  | 7 |
| Total ABS | 1 |  | 3 | 52 | 2 | 55 |
| Total bonds | $3 | $— | 6 | $99 | $3 | 106 |

---

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Less Than 12 Months | Less Than 12 Months | Less Than 12 Months | 12 Months or Longer | 12 Months or Longer | 12 Months or Longer |
| | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Number of Issuers | Fair Value | Unrealized Losses | Number of Issuers |
| | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| U. S. government and agencies | $— | $— |  | $— | $— | 1 |
| Special revenue | 1 |  | 2 |  |  |  |
| Industrial and miscellaneous | 36 | 1 | 41 | 157 | 8 | 173 |
| Parent, subsidiaries and affiliates |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $37 | $1 | 43 | $158 | $8 | 175 |

---

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, management has not deemed these unrealized losses to be other-than-temporary because the investment's carrying value is expected to be realized and the Company has the ability and intent not to sell these investments until recovery, which may be at maturity.

As of December 31, 2025, investments in structured and loan-backed securities that had unrealized losses, which were not recognized in earnings, had a fair value of $53 million. Securities in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months had a fair value of $1 million and unrealized losses of less than $1 million. Securities in an unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months had a fair value of $52 million and unrealized losses of $2 million. These securities were primarily categorized as non-agency CMBS and other financial ABS.

As of December 31, 2024, investments in structured and loan-backed securities that had unrealized losses, which were not recognized in earnings, had a fair value of $69 million. Securities in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months had a fair value of $7 million and unrealized losses of less than $1 million. Securities in an unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months had a fair value of $62 million and unrealized losses of $5 million. These securities were primarily categorized as industrial and miscellaneous or parent, subsidiaries and affiliates.

In the course of the Company's investment management activities, securities may be sold and reacquired within 30 days to enhance the Company's yield on its investment portfolio. The Company did not sell any securities with the NAIC Designation 3 or below for the years ended December 31, 2025 or 2024 that were reacquired within 30 days of the sale date.

The Company had assets on deposit with government authorities or trustees, as required by law, in the amount of $4 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

*Residential mortgage-backed exposure*

The Company's RMBS portfolio includes prime, subprime and Alt-A loans. The Alt-A category includes option adjustable-rate mortgages and the subprime category includes 'scratch and dent' or reperforming pools, high loan-to-value pools and pools where the borrowers have very impaired credit but the average loan-to-value is low, typically 70% or below. In identifying Alt-A and subprime exposure, management used a combination of qualitative and quantitative factors, including FICO (Fair Isaac Corporation) scores and loan-to-value ratios.

As of December 31, 2025, RMBS had a total carrying value of $11 million and a fair value of $11 million of which approximately 2%, based on carrying value, was classified as Alt-A. Alt-A and subprime RMBS had a total carrying value of $6 million and a fair value of $7 million. As of December 31, 2024, RMBS had a total carrying value of $13 million and a fair value of $13 million of which approximately 2%, based on carrying value, was classified as Alt-A. Alt-A and subprime RMBS had a total carrying value of $8 million and a fair value of $8 million.

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no significant credit downgrades for the securities held by the Company that were backed by residential mortgage pools.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

*Leveraged loan exposure*

Leveraged loans are loans extended to companies that already have considerable amounts of debt. The Company reports leveraged loans as bonds. These leveraged loans have interest rates higher than typical loans, reflecting the additional risk of default from issuers with high debt-to-equity ratios.

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company did not have any leveraged loans and leveraged loan CDOs.

*Commercial mortgage-backed exposure*

The Company holds bonds backed by pools of commercial mortgages. The mortgages in these pools have varying risk characteristics related to underlying collateral type, borrower's risk profile and ability to refinance and the return provided to the borrower from the underlying collateral. These investments had a carrying value of $51 million and fair value of $49 million as of December 31, 2025 and a carrying value of $63 million and fair value of $59 million as of December 31, 2024.

***b.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5GI Securities***

Securities owned by the Company with an NAIC designation of 5GI securities:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Number of 5GI Securities | Carrying Value | Fair <br>Value | Number of 5GI Securities | Carrying Value | Fair <br>Value |
| | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stocks - fair value | 1 | $— | $— |  | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | 1 | $— | $— |  | $— | $— |

---

***c. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mortgage loans***

Residential mortgage loans are primarily seasoned pools of homogeneous residential mortgage loans some of which are backed by Federal Housing Administration and Veterans Administration guarantees. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any direct subprime exposure through the purchases of unsecuritized whole-loan pools.

Geographical concentration is considered prior to the purchase of mortgage loans and residential mortgage loan pools. The mortgage loan portfolio is diverse with no significant collateral concentrations in any particular geographic region as of December 31, 2025 or 2024.

The carrying and fair values of the Company's residential mortgage loans were $1 million and $1 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company uses an internal rating system as its primary method of monitoring credit quality. The residential mortgage loan portfolio translated into the equivalent rating agency designation of AAA/AA/A and had carrying values of $1 million and $1 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

Interest rates, including fixed and variable, on the Company's portfolio of mortgage loans were:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2024 |
| | Low | High | Low | High |
| Residential mortgage loans | 3.9% | 6.7% | 3.9% | 7.6% |

---

The Company did not purchase any residential mortgage loans during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The Company did not hold any impaired residential mortgage loans and had no valuation allowances recorded as of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. The Company did not hold any restructured residential mortgage loans or residential mortgage loans with principal or interest past due as of December 31, 2025 or 2024.

***d. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds***

The carrying value and fair value were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
| | Carrying Value | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair <br>Value |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Debt securities that do not qualify as bonds | $1 | $— | $— | $1 |

---

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had no debt securities that do not qualify as bonds that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

Premiums, discounts, and yield adjustments on these investments are amortized using either the prospective or retrospective method, depending on the nature of the security and changes in expected cash flows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Prospective Method: When estimated cash flows change, the effective yield is recalculated and applied incrementally over the remaining life of the security

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Retrospective Method: When actual cash flows differ significantly from estimates, the prior amortization is adjusted as of the date the cashflow is changed for the full amount of the correction

The Company assigns the amortization method at purchase based on security type and evaluates cash flow estimates quarterly to best reflect the economics of the investment and statutory accounting guidance.

Prepayment assumptions for other invested assets are based on various assumptions and inputs obtained from external industry sources along with internal analysis and actual experience.

As of December 31, 2025, there were no securities sold, redeemed, or otherwise disposed of as a result of a callable or tender offer feature, and no investment income was generated from prepayment penalties or acceleration fees.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

***e. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net investment income***

Net investment income comprised the following:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Bonds | $9 | $11 | $9 |
| Policy loans | 5 | 6 | 5 |
| Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 5 | 4 | 6 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Subtotal investment income | 19 | 21 | 20 |
| Investment expenses | (1) | (1) | (1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net investment income | $18 | $20 | $19 |

---

***f. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net realized capital gains (losses)***

Net realized capital gains after tax and transfer to the IMR were less than $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

Refer to *Note 2q. "Interest maintenance reserve"* for information on the Company's policy for IMR.

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized less than $1 million for each year, of OTTI on structured and loan-backed securities, primarily due to the present value of expected cash flows being less than the amortized cost.

The remaining OTTI amounts were determined using external inputs such as publicly observable fair values and credit ratings. Refer to Note *2t. "Net realized capital losses including other-than-temporary impairments and unrealized capital gains (losses)"* for more information on assumptions and inputs used in the Company's OTTI models.

Refer to *Note 17. "Impairment listing for loan-backed and structured securities"* for a CUSIP level list of impaired structured securities where the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis.

***g. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted assets***

Admitted restricted assets by category:

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
| | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Percentage | Percentage |
| Restricted Asset Category | Total General Account | Total Separate Account Restricted Assets | Total | Total From Prior Year | Increase (Decrease) | Total Admitted Restricted | Gross Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted to Total Assets | Admitted Restricted to Total Admitted Assets |
|  | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| On deposit with states | $4 | $— | $4 | $4 | $— | $4 | 0.08% | 0.08% |
| Assets held under modco reinsurance agreements | 120 | 2174 | 2295 | 2216 | 79 | 2295 | 42.68% | 42.68% |
| Total restricted assets | $124 | $2174 | $2299 | $2220 | $79 | $2299 | 42.76% | 42.76% |

---

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Gross (Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted | Percentage | Percentage |
| Restricted Asset Category | Total General Account | Total Separate Account Restricted Assets | Total | Total From Prior Year | Increase (Decrease) | Total Admitted Restricted | Gross Admitted and Non-admitted) Restricted to Total Assets | Admitted Restricted to Total Admitted Assets |
|  | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| On deposit with states | $4 | $— | $4 | $4 | $— | $4 | 0.08% | 0.08% |
| Total restricted assets | $4 | $— | $4 | $4 | $— | $4 | 0.08% | 0.08% |

---

***6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal income taxes***

On August 16th, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was signed into law and includes certain corporate income tax provisions. Potential impacts to the Company include the imposition of a corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT). The CAMT imposes a 15% minimum tax on adjusted financial statement income on applicable corporations that have an average adjusted financial statement income over $1 billion in the prior three-year period. The United States Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) released proposed regulations on September 12, 2024. As of the reporting date, the Company is not an applicable corporation and therefore not liable for CAMT in 2025. Any future CAMT liability will be allocated to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company (MassMutual) in accordance with the tax allocation agreement.

On July 4th, 2025, "An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Title II of the H. Con. Res. 14" (the Act) was enacted. The Act provides for several corporate tax changes including, but not limited to, restoring full expensing of domestic research and development costs, restoring immediate deductibility of certain capital expenditures, and changes in the computations of U.S. taxation on international earnings. The Act will not have a tax effect on Company's financial statements.

The Company provides for DTAs in accordance with statutory accounting practices. All of the companies included in these Statutory Financial Statements have met the required threshold to utilize the three-year reversal period and 15% of surplus limitation.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The net DTA or deferred tax liabilities (DTL) recognized in the Company's assets, liabilities and surplus is as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
| | Ordinary | Capital | Total |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Gross DTAs | $4 | $— | $4 |
| Statutory valuation allowance adjustment |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross DTAs | 4 |  | 4 |
| DTAs nonadmitted |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subtotal net admitted DTA | 4 |  | 4 |
| Total gross DTLs | (2) | (1) | (3) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net admitted DTA(L) | $2 | $(1) | $1 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Ordinary | Capital | Total |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Gross DTAs | $3 | $— | $3 |
| Statutory valuation allowance adjustment |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross DTAs | 3 |  | 3 |
| DTAs nonadmitted |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subtotal net admitted DTA | 3 |  | 3 |
| Total gross DTLs | (2) |  | (2) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net admitted DTA(L) | $1 | $— | $1 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Change | Change | Change |
| | Ordinary | Capital | Total |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Gross DTAs | $1 | $— | $1 |
| Statutory valuation allowance adjustment |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross DTAs | 1 |  | 1 |
| DTAs nonadmitted |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subtotal net admitted DTA | 1 |  | 1 |
| Total gross DTLs |  | (1) | (1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net admitted DTA(L) | $1 | $(1) | $— |

---

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The amount of adjusted gross DTA admitted under each component of the guidance and the resulting change by tax character are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
| | Ordinary | Capital | Total |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Admitted DTA 3 years: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal income taxes that can be recovered | $— | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Remaining adjusted gross DTAs expected to be realized within 3 years: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.Adjusted gross DTA to be realized | 1 |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Adjusted gross DTA allowed per limitation threshold | 31 |  | 31 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lesser of line 1 or 2 | 1 |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross DTAs offset by existing DTLs | 3 |  | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total admitted DTA realized within 3 years | $4 | $— | $4 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Ordinary | Capital | Total |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Admitted DTA 3 years: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal income taxes that can be recovered | $— | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Remaining adjusted gross DTAs expected to be realized within 3 years: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.Adjusted gross DTA to be realized | 1 |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Adjusted gross DTA allowed per limitation threshold | 32 |  | 32 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lesser of line 1 or 2 | 1 |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross DTAs offset by existing DTLs | 2 |  | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total admitted DTA realized within 3 years | $3 | $— | $3 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Change | Change | Change |
| | Ordinary | Capital | Total |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Admitted DTA 3 years: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal income taxes that can be recovered | $— | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Remaining adjusted gross DTAs expected to be realized within 3 years: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.Adjusted gross DTA to be realized |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Adjusted gross DTA allowed per limitation threshold | (1) |  | (1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lesser of line 1 or 2 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross DTAs offset by existing DTLs | 1 |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total admitted DTA realized within 3 years | $1 | $— | $1 |

---

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The Company's total realization threshold limitations are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, | December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 |
| | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ratio percentage used to determine recovery period and threshold limitation | 6104% | 9564% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amount of adjusted capital and surplus used to determine recovery period and threshold limitation above | $204 | $216 |

---

The ultimate realization of DTAs depends on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the temporary differences are deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of DTLs, including the impact of available carryback and carryforward periods, projected taxable income and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment. The impact of tax-planning is as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 |
| | Ordinary | Capital | Total |
| | (Percent) | (Percent) | (Percent) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impact of tax-planning strategies: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross DTAs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(% of total adjusted gross DTAs) | —% | —% | —% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net admitted adjusted gross DTAs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(% of total net admitted adjusted gross DTAs) | —% | —% | —% |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Ordinary | Capital | Total |
| | (Percent) | (Percent) | (Percent) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impact of tax-planning strategies: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross DTAs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(% of total adjusted gross DTAs) | —% | —% | —% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net admitted adjusted gross DTAs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(% of total net admitted adjusted gross DTAs) | 1% | —% | 1% |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Change | Change | Change |
| | Ordinary | Capital | Total |
| | (Percent) | (Percent) | (Percent) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impact of tax-planning strategies: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross DTAs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(% of total adjusted gross DTAs) | —% | —% | —% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net admitted adjusted gross DTAs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(% of total net admitted adjusted gross DTAs) | (1)% | —% | (1)% |

---

There are no reinsurance strategies included in the Company's tax-planning strategies.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The provision for current tax expense on earnings is as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal income tax expense (benefit) on operating earnings | $1 | $1 | $(1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign income tax expense on operating earnings |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total federal and foreign income tax expense (benefit) | 1 | 1 | (1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; on operating earnings |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal income tax expense (benefit) on net realized capital gains |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total federal and foreign income tax expense (benefit) | $1 | $1 | $(1) |

---

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the DTAs and DTLs are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | Change |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| DTAs: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Ordinary |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reserve items | $1 | $1 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Policy acquisition costs | 3 | 3 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total ordinary DTAs | 4 | 4 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nonadmitted DTAs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Admitted ordinary DTAs | 4 | 4 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Capital |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investment items |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total capital DTAs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nonadmitted DTAs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Admitted capital DTAs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Admitted DTAs | 4 | 4 |  |
| DTLs: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Ordinary |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 2 | 2 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total ordinary DTLs | 2 | 2 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Capital |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investment items | 1 | 1 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total capital DTLs | 1 | 1 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total DTLs | 3 | 3 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net admitted DTA | $1 | $1 | $— |

---

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The change in net deferred income taxes comprised the following:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Net DTA(L) | $— | $(1) | $(1) |
| Less: Items not recorded in the change in net deferred income taxes: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in net deferred income taxes | $— | $(1) | $(1) |

---

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had no net operating or capital loss carryforwards to include in deferred income taxes.The Company has no tax credit carryforwards included in deferred taxes.

The components of federal and foreign income tax are recorded in the Statutory Statements of Operations and the Statutory Statements of Changes in Capital and Surplus and are different from those which would be obtained by applying the prevailing federal income tax rate to net gain from operations before federal income taxes. The significant items causing this difference are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Provision computed at federal statutory rate of 21% | $2 | $2 | $1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investment items | (1) |  | (1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total statutory income tax expense | $1 | $2 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal and foreign income tax expense (benefit) | $1 | $1 | $(1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in net deferred income taxes |  | 1 | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total statutory income tax expense | $1 | $2 | $— |

---

The Company paid federal income taxes in the amount of $1 million in 2025, $1 million in 2024 and $2 million in 2023.

The total income taxes available in the current and prior years that will be available for recoupment in the event of future net capital losses totaled $0 million related to 2025, $0 million related to 2024 and $0 million related to 2023.

The Company is included in a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return with its parent, MassMutual, a mutual life

insurance company domiciled in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and MassMutual's eligible U.S. subsidiaries. The Company also files income tax returns in various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company, MassMutual, and MassMutual's eligible subsidiaries and certain affiliates (the Parties) have executed and are subject to a written tax allocation agreement (the Agreement). The Agreement sets forth the manner in which the total combined federal income tax is allocated among the Parties. The Agreement provides the Company with the enforceable right to recoup federal income taxes paid in prior years in the event of future net capital losses, which it may incur. Further, the Agreement provides the Company with the enforceable right to utilize its net losses carried forward as an offset to future net income subject to federal income taxes. In accordance with the Agreement, future CAMT is outside of the scope of the general tax allocation method and, consequently any future CAMT liability of a subsidiary shall be allocated solely to MassMutual.

Companies are generally required to disclose unrecognized tax benefits, which are the tax effect of positions taken on their tax returns that may be challenged by various taxing authorities, in order to provide users of financial statements more information regarding potential liabilities. The Company recognizes tax benefits and related reserves in accordance with existing statutory accounting practices for liabilities, contingencies and impairments of assets.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has completed its examination of MassMutual and its subsidiaries for the years 2016 and prior. The 2017-2018 tax years are in Appeals. The adjustments resulting from these examinations are not expected to materially affect the position or liquidity of the Company.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not recognize any protective deposits as admitted assets.

***7.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred and uncollected life insurance premium***

Deferred and uncollected life insurance premium, net of loading and reinsurance, are included in other than invested assets in the Company's Statutory Statements of Financial Position.

The Company had $3 million of deferred and uncollected life insurance premium for ordinary renewal as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have deferred and uncollected life insurance premium for group life.

Deferred premium is the portion of the annual premium not earned at the reporting date. Loading on deferred premium is an amount obtained by subtracting the valuation net deferred premium from the gross deferred premium and generally includes allowances for acquisition costs and other expenses.

Ordinary renewal business consist of the basic amount of premium required on the underlying life insurance policies.

***8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Policyholders' liabilities***

***a. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Policyholders' reserves***

The Company had life insurance in force of $10 billion as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The following summarizes policyholders' reserves, net of reinsurance, and the range of interest rates by type of product:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, | December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2024 | 2024 |
| | Amount | Interest Rates | Interest Rates | Amount | Interest Rates | Interest Rates |
| | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| Variable life | 141 | 4.0% | 5.5% | 141 | 4.0% | 5.5% |
| Individual annuities | 3 | 5.0% | 7.3% | 3 | 5.0% | 7.3% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $144 |  |  | $144 |  |  |

---

Individual annuities include individual annuity contracts, supplementary contracts involving life contingencies and structured settlements.

***b. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Liabilities for deposit-type contracts***

Supplementary contracts not involving life contingencies of $10 million and $11 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were included in liabilities for deposit-type contracts. The interest rate range on supplementary contracts was 3.0% to 3.0% and 3.0% to 3.0% as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

***c. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional liability for annuity contracts***

Certain variable annuity contracts include additional death benefit features. Election of these benefits is generally only available at contract issue.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no outstanding liabilities for GMDB.

The following summarizes the account values, net amount at risk and weighted average attained age for variable annuity contracts with GMDB classified as policyholders' reserves and separate account liabilities. The net amount at risk is defined as the minimum guarantee less the account value calculated on a policy-by-policy basis, but not less than zero.

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Account Value | Net Amount at Risk | Weighted Average Attained Age | Account Value | Net Amount at Risk | Weighted Average Attained Age |
| | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| GMDB | $31 | $2 | 74 | $32 | $2 | 74 |

---

Account values of variable annuity contracts with GMDB are summarized below:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2024 |
| | Separate Account | General Account | Total | Separate Account | General Account | Total |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| GMDB | $29 | $1 | $30 | $31 | $1 | $32 |

---

***9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reinsurance***

The Company enters into reinsurance agreements with affiliated and unaffiliated insurers in the normal course of business in order to mitigate the impact of underwriting mortality and morbidity risks. Such transfers do not relieve the Company of its primary liability to its customers and, as such, failure of reinsurers to honor their obligations could result in credit losses that could arise if a reinsurer defaults. The Company reduces reinsurance default risk by evaluating the financial condition of reinsurers and monitoring for possible concentrations within the Company's reinsurers and using trust structures, when appropriate. The Company reinsures a portion of its mortality risk in its life business under either a first dollar quota-share arrangement or an in excess of the retention limit arrangement with reinsurers. The amounts reinsured are on a yearly renewable term or Modco basis. The Company's highest retention limit for new issues of life policies ranges from $15 million to $35 million.

Refer to *Note 14. "Related party transactions"* for information about the Company's affiliated ceded reinsurance transactions.

There are no reinsurance agreements in effect under which the reinsurer may unilaterally cancel any reinsurance for reasons other than for nonpayment of premium or other similar credits. The Company has no reinsurance agreements in effect such that the amount of losses paid or accrued through the statement date may result in a payment to the reinsurer of amounts which, in aggregate and allowing for offset of mutual credits from other reinsurance agreements with the same reinsurer, exceed the total direct premium collected under the reinsured policies.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

Reinsurance amounts included in the Statutory Statements of Operations were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Direct premium | $20 | $19 | $17 |
| Premium ceded | (25) | (22) | (26) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total net premium | $(5) | $(3) | $(9) |
| Ceded reinsurance recoveries | $10 | $56 | $56 |

---

Reinsurance amounts included in the Statutory Statements of Financial Position were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | December 31, | December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Reinsurance reserves ceded | $(18) | $(20) |
| Ceded amounts recoverable | $26 | $18 |

---

Reinsurance reserves ceded to unaffiliated reinsurers as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, include $15 million and $16 million associated with life insurance policies.

As of December 31, 2025, one reinsurer accounted for 64% of the outstanding balance of the reinsurance recoverable and the next largest reinsurer had 11%. Overall, the Company believes that each of these exposures to a single reinsurer does not create an undue concentration of risk and the Company's business is not substantially dependent upon any single reinsurer.

***10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Withdrawal characteristics***

***a. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Annuity actuarial reserves and liabilities for deposit-type contracts***

The withdrawal characteristics of the Company's annuity actuarial reserves and deposit-type contracts as of December 31, 2025 are illustrated below:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *Individual annuities* |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | General Account | Separate Account with Guarantees | Separate Account Non-Guaranteed | Total | % of Total |
|  | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| Subject to discretionary withdrawal: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;At fair value |  |  | 29 | 29 | 92% |
| Total with market value adjustment or at fair value |  |  | 29 | 29 | 92% |
| At book value without adjustment (minimal or no charge or adjustment) | 1 |  |  | 1 | 4% |
| Not subject to discretionary withdrawal | 1 |  |  | 1 | 4% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total, net of reinsurance | $2 | $— | $29 | $31 | 100% |

---

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *Deposit-type contracts* |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | General Account | Separate Account with Guarantees | Separate Account Non-Guaranteed | Total | % of Total |
|  | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) | ($ In Millions) |
| Subject to discretionary withdrawal: |  |  |  |  |  |
| At book value without adjustment (minimal or no charge or adjustment) | $9 | $— | $— | $9 | 90% |
| Not subject to discretionary withdrawal | 1 |  |  | 1 | 10% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total, net of reinsurance | $10 | $— | $— | $10 | 100% |

---

The following is a summary of total annuity actuarial reserves and liabilities for deposit-type contracts as of December 31, 2025 (in millions):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Statutory Statements of Financial Position: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Policyholders' reserves – individual annuities | $1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Liabilities for deposit-type contracts | 10 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subtotal | 11 |
| Separate Account Annual Statement: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Annuities | 29 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $40 |

---

***b. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Analysis of life actuarial reserves by withdrawal characteristics***

The withdrawal characteristics of the Company's life actuarial reserves as of December 31, 2025 are illustrated below:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *General account* |  |  |  |
|  | Account Value | Cash Value | Reserve |
|  | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Subject to discretionary withdrawal, surrender values, or policy loans: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Variable life | $— | $— | $1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Variable universal life | 42 | 42 | 143 |
| Not subject to discretionary withdrawal or no cash values:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Disability - disabled lives |  |  | 12 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Miscellaneous reserves |  |  | 4 |
| Total (gross: direct + assumed) | 42 | 42 | 160 |
| Reinsurance ceded |  |  | 18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total (net) | $42 | $42 | $142 |

---

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *Separate account with guarantees* |  |  |  |
|  | Account Value | Cash Value | Reserve |
|  | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Subject to discretionary withdrawal, surrender values, or policy loans: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Variable universal life | $3423 | $3416 | $3423 |
| Total (gross: direct + assumed) | 3423 | 3416 | 3423 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total (net) | $3423 | $3416 | $3423 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *Separate account nonguaranteed* |  |  |  |
|  | Account Value | Cash Value | Reserve |
|  | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Subject to discretionary withdrawal, surrender values, or policy loans: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Variable life | $9 | $9 | $13 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Variable universal life | 1446 | 1446 | 1445 |
| Total (gross: direct + assumed) | 1455 | 1455 | 1458 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total (net) | $1455 | $1455 | $1458 |

---

***c. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Separate accounts***

The Company has guaranteed separate accounts classified as the following: nonindexed, which have multiple concurrent guarantees, including a guarantee that applies for as long as the contract is in effect and does not exceed a 4% rate of return. The Company has nonguaranteed separate accounts which are variable accounts where the benefit is determined by the performance and/or market value of the investments held in the separate account with incidental risk, notional expense and minimum death benefit guarantees.

Information regarding the separate accounts of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Guaranteed | | |
| | Nonindexed Less than/ Equal to 4% |<br>Non Guaranteed |<br>Total |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Net premium, considerations or deposits for the year ended December 31, 2025 | $— | $22 | $22 |
| Reserves at December 31, 2025: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;For accounts with assets at: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fair value | $— | $1532 | $1532 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortized cost/book value | 3423 |  | 3423 |
| Total Separate Account Liabilities | $3423 | $1532 | $4955 |
| Reserves by withdrawal characteristics: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Subject to discretionary withdrawal: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At fair value | $— | $1532 | $1532 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At book value without market value adjustment and current surrender charge of less than 5% | 3423 |  | 3423 |
| Total Separate Account Liabilities | $3423 | $1532 | $4955 |

---

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

As of December 31, 2025, the Company does not have any reserves in separate accounts for asset default risk in lieu of AVR. The Company has a general account AVR of $7 million for book value separate accounts.

The following is a reconciliation of amounts reported as transfers (from) to separate accounts in the Summary of Operations of the Company's NAIC Separate Account Annual Statement to the amounts reported as net transfers (from) to separate accounts in change in policyholders' reserves in the accompanying Statutory Statements of Operations:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| From the Separate Account Annual Statement: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Transfers to separate accounts | $22 | $23 | $24 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Transfers from separate accounts | (118) | (110) | (86) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net transfers from separate accounts | $(96) | $(87) | $(62) |

---

***11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in capital and surplus***

MassMutual has authorized the contribution of funds to the Company sufficient to meet the capital requirements of each state in the U.S. in which the Company is licensed to do business. Substantially all of the statutory capital and surplus is subject to dividend restrictions. Dividend restrictions, imposed by state regulations, limit the payment of dividends to the shareholder without prior approval from the Department. Under these regulations, $21 million of capital and surplus is available for distribution to the shareholder in 2026 without prior regulatory approval. The Company declared and paid a $21 million dividend to C.M. Life in 2025, declared and paid a $23 million dividend to C.M. Life in 2024 and declared and paid a $25 million dividend to C.M. Life in 2023.

***12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Presentation of the Statutory Statements of Cash Flows***

The following table presents those transactions that have affected the Company's recognized assets or liabilities but have not resulted in cash receipts or payments during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. Accordingly, the Company has excluded these non-cash activities from the Statutory Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Bond conversions and refinancing | $7 | $1 | $— |
| Stock conversions | 1 |  |  |
| Transfer of bonds to partnerships and limited liability companies | 1 |  |  |

---

***13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Business risks, commitments and contingencies***

***a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Risks and uncertainties***

The Company operates in a business environment subject to various risks and uncertainties. The principal risks include insurance and underwriting risks, investment and interest rate risks and credit risk.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

*Insurance and underwriting risks*

The Company prices its products based on estimated benefit payments reflecting assumptions with respect to mortality, morbidity, longevity, persistency, interest rates and other factors. If actual policy experience emerges that is significantly and adversely different from assumptions used in product pricing, the effect could be material to the profitability of the Company. The Company reinsures certain life insurance policies to mitigate the impact of its underwriting risk.

*Investment and interest rate risks*

The fair value, cash flows and earnings of investments can be influenced by a variety of factors including changes in interest rates, credit spreads, equity markets, portfolio asset allocation and general economic conditions. The Company employs a rigorous asset/liability management process to help mitigate the economic impacts of various investment risks, in particular interest rate risk. By effectively matching the market sensitivity of assets with the liabilities they support, the impact of interest rate changes is addressed, on an economic basis, as the change in the value of the asset is offset by a corresponding change in the value of the supported liability.

The levels of U.S. interest rates are influenced by U.S. monetary policies and by the relative attractiveness of U.S. markets to investors versus other global markets. As interest rates increase, certain debt securities may experience amortization or prepayment speeds that are slower than those assumed at purchase, impacting the expected maturity of these securities and the ability to reinvest the proceeds at the higher yields. Rising interest rates may also result in a decrease in the fair value of the investment portfolio. As interest rates decline, certain debt securities may experience accelerated amortization and prepayment speeds than what was assumed at purchase. During such periods, the Company is at risk of lower net investment income as it may not be able to reinvest the proceeds at comparable yields. Declining interest rates may also increase the fair value of the investment portfolio.

Interest rates also have an impact on the Company's products with guaranteed minimum payouts and on interest credited to account holders. As interest rates decrease, investment spreads may contract as crediting rates approach minimum guarantees, resulting in an increased liability.

In periods of increasing interest rates, policy loans, surrenders and withdrawals may increase as policyholders seek investments with higher perceived returns. This could result in cash outflows requiring the Company to sell invested assets at a time when the prices of those assets are adversely affected by the increase in market interest rates, which could cause the Company to realize investment losses.

*Credit and other market risks*

The Company manages its investments to limit credit and other market risks by diversifying its portfolio among various security types and industry sectors as well as purchasing credit default swaps to transfer some of the risk.

Stressed conditions, volatility and disruptions in global capital markets or in particular markets or financial asset classes can have an adverse effect on the Company, in part because the Company has a large investment portfolio and assets supporting the Company's insurance liabilities are sensitive to changing market factors. Global market factors, including interest rates, credit spread, equity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, consumer spending, business investment, government spending, the volatility and strength of the capital markets, deflation and inflation, all affect the business and economic environment and, ultimately, the profitability of the Company's business. Disruptions in one market or asset class can also spread to other markets or asset classes. Upheavals in the financial markets can also affect the Company's business through their effects on general levels of economic activity, employment and customer behavior.

------

MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The CMBS, RMBS and leveraged loan sectors are sensitive to evolving conditions that can impair the cash flows realized by investors and is subject to uncertainty. Management's judgment regarding OTTI and estimated fair value depends upon the evolving investment sector and economic conditions. It can also be affected by the market liquidity, a lack of which can make it difficult to obtain accurate market prices for RMBS and other investments, including CMBS and leveraged loans. Any deterioration in economic fundamentals, especially related to the housing sector could affect management's judgment regarding OTTI.

The Company has investments in structured products exposed primarily to the credit risk of corporate bank loans, corporate bonds or credit default swap contracts referencing corporate credit risk. Most of these structured investments are backed by corporate loans and are commonly known as collateralized loan obligations that are classified as CDOs. The portfolios backing these investments are actively managed and diversified by industry and individual issuer concentrations. Due to the complex nature of CDOs and the reduced level of transparency to the underlying collateral pools for many market participants, the recovery in CDOs valuations generally lags the overall recovery in the underlying assets. Management believes its scenario analysis approach, based primarily on actual collateral data and forward looking assumptions, does capture the credit and most other risks in each pool. However, in a rapidly changing economic environment, the credit and other risks in each collateral pool will be more volatile and actual credit performance of CDOs may differ from the Company's assumptions.

The Company continuously monitors its investments and assesses their liquidity and financial viability; however, the existence of the factors described above, as well as other market factors, could negatively impact the market value of the Company's investments. If the Company sells its investments prior to maturity or market recovery, these investments may yield a return that is less than the Company otherwise would have been able to realize.

Asset-based fees calculated as a percentage of the separate account assets are a source of revenue to the Company. Gains and losses in the investment markets may result in corresponding increases and decreases in the Company's separate account assets and related revenue.

*Political Uncertainties*

Political events, domestically or internationally, may directly or indirectly trigger or exacerbate risks related to product offerings, profitability, or any of the risk factors described above. Whether those underlying risk factors are driven by geopolitics or not, the Company's dynamic approach to managing risks enables management to identify risks, internally and externally, develop mitigation plans, and respond to risks in an attempt to proactively reduce the potential impact of each underlying risk factor on the Company.

***b. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Guaranty funds***

The Company is subject to state insurance guaranty fund laws. These laws assess insurance companies' amounts to be used to pay benefits to policyholders and policy claimants of insolvent insurance companies. Many states allow these assessments to be credited against future premium taxes. The Company believes such assessments in excess of amounts accrued will not materially impact its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

***c. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Litigation and regulatory matters***

In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in disputes, litigation and governmental or regulatory inquiries, administrative proceedings, examinations and investigations, both pending and threatened. These matters, if resolved adversely against the Company or settled, may result in monetary damages, fines and penalties or require changes in the Company's business practices. The resolution or settlement of these matters is inherently difficult to predict. Based upon the Company's assessment of these pending matters, the Company does not believe that the amount of any judgment, settlement or other action arising from any pending matter is likely to have a material adverse effect on the statement of financial position. However, an adverse outcome in certain matters could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations for the period in which such matter is resolved, or an accrual is determined to be required, on the financial statement financial position, or on our reputation.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The Company evaluates the need for accruals of loss contingencies for each matter. When a liability for a matter is probable and can be estimated, the Company accrues an estimate of the loss offset by related insurance recoveries or other contributions, if any. An accrual may be subject to subsequent adjustment as a result of additional information and other developments. The resolution of matters is inherently difficult to predict, especially in the early stages of matter. Even if a loss is probable, due to many complex factors, such as speed of discovery and the timing of court decisions or rulings, a loss or range of loss may not be reasonably estimated until the later stages of the matter. For matters where a loss is material and it is either probable or reasonably possible then it is disclosed. For matters where a loss may be reasonably possible, but not probable, or is probable but not reasonably estimated, no accrual is established, but the matter, if material, is disclosed.

***14. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Related party transactions***

Pursuant to a management agreement, MassMutual, for a fee, furnishes the Company, as required, operating facilities, human resources, computer software development and managerial services. Investment and administrative services are also provided to the Company pursuant to a management services agreement with MassMutual. While management believes that these fees are calculated on a reasonable basis, these fees may not necessarily be indicative of the costs that would have been incurred on a stand-alone basis.

The following table summarizes the transactions between the Company and the related parties:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Fee income: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investment advisory income | $2 | $2 | $2 |
| Fee expense: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Management and service contracts and cost-sharing arrangements | 10 | 9 | 9 |

---

The Company reported less than $1 million of amounts due from affiliates as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company reported $3 million and $2 million of amounts due to affiliates as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Terms generally require settlement of these amounts within 30 to 90 days.

The Company has a Modco quota-share reinsurance agreement with MassMutual where the Company cedes 100% of the premium on certain bank-owned life insurance policies. In return, MassMutual pays the Company a stipulated expense allowance, death and surrender benefits. The Company retains the assets and related reserves for payment of future benefits on the ceded policies. The Modco adjustment is the mechanism by which MassMutual funds the reserve on the reinsured portion of the risk. It is needed to adjust for the financial effect of the Company holding the reserves on the ceded coverage rather than MassMutual.

The Company has a quota-share reinsurance agreement with MassMutual in which MassMutual assumes specific plans of insurance on a yearly renewable term basis.

The net amounts due from MassMutual for the various reinsurance agreements were $3 million and less than $1 million as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These outstanding balances are due and payable with terms ranging from quarterly to annually, depending on the agreement in effect.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The following summarizes the related party reinsurance transactions between the Company and MassMutual:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, | Years Ended December 31, |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
| | (In Millions) | (In Millions) | (In Millions) |
| Premium ceded, related to: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Quota-share reinsurance agreement | $(4) | $(4) | $(5) |
| Modco adjustments ceded, included in fees and other (expense) | (30) | (28) | (24) |
| Expense allowances on reinsurance ceded, included in fees and other income, related to: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Modco agreement | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Policyholders' benefits ceded, related to: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Modco agreement | 27 | 23 | 23 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Quota-share reinsurance agreement | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Experience refunds (paid) received, related to: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Modco agreement | (2) | 2 | (1) |

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***15. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subsidiaries and affiliated companies***

A summary of ownership and relationship of the Company and its subsidiaries and affiliated companies as of December 31, 2025 is illustrated below.

---

| |
|:---|
| <u>Direct and Indirect Subsidiaries of MassMutual</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;C.M. Life Insurance Company |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;CML Global Capabilities LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MM Global Capabilities I LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MM Global Capabilities II LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MM Global Capabilities III LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MM/Barings Multifamily TEBS 2020 LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Berkshire Way LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MML Special Situations Investor LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Timberland Forest Holding LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Insurance Road LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;EM Opportunities LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual MCAM Insurance Company, Inc. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual Ventures US IV GP, LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual Ventures US IV, L.P. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual Ventures Europe/APAC I GP, LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual Ventures Europe/APAC I GP, L.P. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual Ventures Europe/APAC I L.P. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Counterpointe Sustainable Advisors LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Jefferies Finance LLC (50% owned by MMLIC) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Glidepath Holdings Inc. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual Mortgage Lending LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MM Copper Hill Road LLC |

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

---

| |
|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MMV CTF I GP LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual Ventures Climate Technology Fund I L.P. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MM Direct Private Investments Holding LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;DPI-ACRES Capital LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;DPI-ARES Mortgage Lending LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MM Investment Holding |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MML CM LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MML Distributors LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MML Investment Advisers, LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MML Strategic Distributors, LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual Private Wealth & Trust, FSB |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MML Private Placement Investment Company I, LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MML Private Equity Fund Investor LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MM Private Equity Intercontinental LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pioneers Gate LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual Holding LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Amherst Long Term Holdings, LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Enroll Confidently, Inc. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Imbiba Growth LLP |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Yunfeng Financial Group Limited |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MassMutual External Benefits Group LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Stillings Street LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Eclipse Business Capital LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Port 51 Lending Holdings LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Counterpoint - MM MOrtgage Lending LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;LNL MM, LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;CapSec LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;LNL MM, LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;MML Bay State Life Insurance Company |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;CML Special Situations Investor LLC |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;CM Life Mortgage Lending LLC |

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***16. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subsequent events***

Management of the Company has evaluated subsequent events through February 26, 2026, the date the financial statements were available to be issued to state regulators and subsequently on the Company's website. No events have occurred subsequent to the date of the financial statements.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

***17. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impairment listing for loan-backed and structured securities***

The following are the total cumulative adjustments and impairments for loan-backed and structured securities since July 1, 2009:

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Period Ended | Amortized Cost before Cumulative Adjustment | Cumulative Adjustment | Amortized Cost before OTTI | Projected Cash Flow | Recognized<br>OTTI | Amortized Cost<br>after OTTI | Fair Value |
| December 31, 2025 | $— | $— | $— | $— | $— | $— | $— |
| September 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| June 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| March 31, 2025 | 4993 |  | 4993 | 4883 | (110) | 4883 | 4828 |
| December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| September 30, 2024 | 102752 |  | 102752 | 94226 | (8526) | 94226 | 100479 |
| June 30, 2024 | 111977 |  | 111977 | 107883 | (4094) | 107883 | 103605 |
| March 31, 2024 | 66650 |  | 66650 | 64938 | (1712) | 64938 | 60182 |
| December 31, 2023 | 135844 |  | 135844 | 130490 | (5354) | 130490 | 105515 |
| September 30, 2023 | 74507 |  | 74507 | 72723 | (1784) | 72723 | 67736 |
| June 30, 2023 | 64028 |  | 64028 | 63592 | (436) | 63592 | 57835 |
| March 31, 2023 | 66564 |  | 66564 | 63566 | (2998) | 63566 | 59093 |
| December 31, 2022 | 166637 |  | 166637 | 158762 | (7875) | 158762 | 153083 |
| September 30, 2022 | 134938 |  | 134938 | 125495 | (9442) | 125495 | 114620 |
| June 30, 2022 | 64745 |  | 64745 | 62370 | (2375) | 62370 | 62586 |
| March 31, 2022 | 140707 |  | 140707 | 129983 | (10724) | 129983 | 128496 |
| December 31, 2021 | 85732 |  | 85732 | 81911 | (3820) | 81912 | 76952 |
| June 30, 2021 | 152001 |  | 152001 | 147872 | (4129) | 147872 | 151665 |
| March 31, 2021 | 93988 |  | 93988 | 90012 | (3976) | 90012 | 80737 |
| December 31, 2020 | 95926 |  | 95926 | 94337 | (1589) | 94337 | 85603 |
| March 31, 2019 | 21072 |  | 21072 | 19523 | (1549) | 19523 | 572 |
| December 31, 2018 | 18632 |  | 18632 | 1599 | (17033) | 1599 | 1903 |
| June 30, 2017 | 342 |  | 342 | 267 | (76) | 267 | 2967 |
| March 31, 2017 | 94424 |  | 94424 | 53149 | (41274) | 53149 | 89279 |
| December 31, 2016 | 110964 |  | 110964 | 109147 | (1816) | 109147 | 104908 |
| September 30, 2016 | 118384 |  | 118384 | 117539 | (845) | 117539 | 112771 |
| June 30, 2016 | 76837 |  | 76837 | 70385 | (6452) | 70385 | 72517 |
| September 30, 2015 | 79533 |  | 79533 | 77197 | (2337) | 77197 | 76961 |
| December 31, 2014 | 7387 |  | 7387 | 5752 | (1635) | 5752 | 24010 |
| March 31, 2014 | 11682 |  | 11686 | 11342 | (340) | 11342 | 13573 |
| December 31, 2013 | 8955 |  | 8955 | 7967 | (989) | 7967 | 11477 |
| September 30, 2013 | 5947 |  | 5947 | 5842 | (104) | 5842 | 5478 |
| June 30, 2013 | 456120 |  | 456120 | 445397 | (10723) | 445397 | 340977 |
| December 31, 2012 | 1242596 |  | 1242596 | 1144981 | (97615) | 1144981 | 1195405 |
| September 30, 2012 | 2265156 |  | 2265156 | 2103073 | (162083) | 2103073 | 2115759 |
| June 30, 2012 | 1884018 |  | 1884018 | 1845692 | (38325) | 1845692 | 1521643 |
| March 31, 2012 | 3900635 |  | 3900635 | 3788244 | (112391) | 3788244 | 3066813 |
| December 31, 2011 | 3900658 |  | 3900658 | 3740566 | (160092) | 3740566 | 3217415 |
| September 30, 2011 | 2070737 |  | 2070737 | 2014121 | (56616) | 2014121 | 1664099 |
| June 30, 2011 | 4933708 |  | 4933708 | 4626546 | (307162) | 4626546 | 3860445 |
| March 31, 2011 | 3031095 |  | 3031095 | 2949182 | (81913) | 2949182 | 2370633 |
| December 31, 2010 | 2843613 |  | 2843613 | 2795486 | (48127) | 2795486 | 2189661 |
| September 30, 2010 | 3666523 |  | 3666523 | 3544040 | (122482) | 3544040 | 2935440 |
| June 30, 2010 | 2331449 |  | 2331449 | 2200016 | (131433) | 2200016 | 1658548 |
| March 31, 2010 | 3606733 |  | 3606733 | 3269444 | (337290) | 3269444 | 2259717 |
| December 31, 2009 | 4888306 |  | 4888306 | 4101773 | (786533) | 4101773 | 2994613 |
| September 30, 2009 | 10338099 | 207960 | 10546059 | 9768287 | (777772) | 9768287 | 6661983 |
| Totals |  | $207960 |  |  | $(3373951) |  |  |

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Asset-backed and structured securities that recognized OTTI were less than $1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025.

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MML BAY STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

NOTES TO STATUTORY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, continued

The following is a CUSIP detail list of impaired structured securities where the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis.

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| CUSIP | Adjusted Carrying Value Amortized Cost before OTTI | Present Value of Projected Cash Flow | Recognized <br>OTTI | Amortized Cost<br>after OTTI | Fair Value at Time of OTTI | Date of Financial Instrument Where Reported |
| 22540VG71 | $4993 | $4883 | $110 | $4883 | $4828 | March 31, 2025 |
| Totals | 4993 | 4883 | 110 | 4883 | 4828 | XXX |

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