# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000787623
**File Stem:** 0001193125-23-008494
**Filing Date:** 2023-1
**Character Count:** 1534351
**Document Hash:** f47f4a9da18368c585cec5986fb3a7e4
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001193125-23-008494.hdr.sgml**: 20230113

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001193125-23-008494

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 485APOS

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 13

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230113

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230113

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** TRANSAMERICA FUNDS
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000787623
- **IRS NUMBER:** 000000000
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1031

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 485APOS
- **SEC ACT:** 1940 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 811-04556
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23529653

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1801 CALIFORNIA STREET
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 5200
- **CITY:** DENVER
- **STATE:** CO
- **ZIP:** 80202
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 720-482-8836

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1801 CALIFORNIA STREET
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 5200
- **CITY:** DENVER
- **STATE:** CO
- **ZIP:** 80202

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** TRANSAMERICA IDEX MUTUAL FUNDS
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20040301

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** IDEX MUTUAL FDS
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20010504

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** IDEX MUTUAL FUNDS /
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20010423
**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** TRANSAMERICA FUNDS
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000787623
- **IRS NUMBER:** 000000000
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1031

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 485APOS
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 033-02659
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23529652

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1801 CALIFORNIA STREET
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 5200
- **CITY:** DENVER
- **STATE:** CO
- **ZIP:** 80202
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 720-482-8836

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1801 CALIFORNIA STREET
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 5200
- **CITY:** DENVER
- **STATE:** CO
- **ZIP:** 80202

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** TRANSAMERICA IDEX MUTUAL FUNDS
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20040301

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** IDEX MUTUAL FDS
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20010504

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** IDEX MUTUAL FUNDS /
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20010423

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 13, 2023

1933 Act Registration No. 033-02659

1940 Act Registration No. 811-04556

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

**FORM N-1A** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | ☑ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ☐ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Post-Effective Amendment No. 307 | ☑ |
|  | and/or |
|  REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ☑ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Amendment No. 308 |  |

---

(Check appropriate box or boxes.)

<u>TRANSAMERICA FUNDS</u> 

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

<u>1801 California St., Suite 5200, Denver, Colorado 80202</u> 

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant's Telephone Number, including Area Code: <u>1-888-233-4339</u>

<u>Dennis P. Gallagher, Esq., 1801 California St., Suite 5200, Denver, Colorado 80202</u> 

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

---

| |
|:---|
| It is proposed that this filing will become effective: (check appropriate box) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ☐ immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ☐ 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ☒ on March 31, 2023 pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ☐ 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ☐ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ☐ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b) |
| If appropriate, check the following box: |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ☐ this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |

---

This Amendment to the Registration Statement of Transamerica Funds relates only to Transamerica International Sustainable Equity, Transamerica Long Credit, Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity and Transamerica UltraShort Bond. The <u>[prospectuses and statements of additional information](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/0001193125-22-057246-index.htm)</u> for the other series and classes of Transamerica Funds, as previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, are incorporated herein by reference.

------

Transamerica Funds<br>

Prospectus [March 31, 2023]

![](g449521tf_blacknotrust.jpg)

![](g449521imgc8c94ede1.jpg)

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund \| Ticker** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class** <br> **A**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class** <br> **C**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class** <br> **I**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class** <br> **R6**<br>|
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | [ ] | - | [ ] | [ ] |
| Transamerica Long Credit | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] |
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | [ ] | - | [ ] | [ ] |
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] |

---

<br>Each of the funds listed above is a series of Transamerica Funds. Each fund with "–" listed above indicates that share class is not currently offered.

<br>Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission has approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

MPCA0323

------

**TABLE OF CONTENTS** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page** |
| [Transamerica International Sustainable Equity](#xx_a88036ec-c3c4-4f5f-9e95-639a65444939_1) | 1  |
| [Transamerica Long Credit](#xx_aba5b687-39ca-4bce-af78-791fd9b21382_1) | 6  |
| [Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity](#xx_55a26230-69b1-490d-b8b1-eb241091a9c0_1) | 12  |
| [Transamerica UltraShort Bond](#xx_443f1da5-3332-4ef0-b5e8-9aa14e70c57e_1) | 16  |
| [More on Each Fund's Strategies and Investments](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_1) | 22  |
| [More on Risks of Investing in the Funds](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_5) | 26  |
| [Shareholder Information](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_23) | 44 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Management of Transamerica Funds](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_23) | 44  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Investment Manager](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_23) | 44  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Sub-Adviser(s)](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_24) | 45  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Portfolio Manager(s)](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_25) | 46  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_26) | 47  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Fund Expenses](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_26) | 47  |
| [How To Contact the Funds](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_27) | 48  |
| [Opening an Account](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_27) | 48  |
| [Buying Shares](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_28) | 49  |
| [Selling Shares](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_29) | 50  |
| [Exchanging Shares](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_31) | 52  |
| [Choosing a Share Class](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_32) | 53  |
| [Features and Policies](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_36) | 57  |
| [Pricing of Shares](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_40) | 61  |
| [Distribution of Shares](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_42) | 63  |
| [Distributions and Taxes](#xx_5c761453-8697-4297-97bc-bf035d268e8b_44) | 65  |
| [List and Description of Certain Underlying Funds](#xx_d78a51bf-297e-4052-937d-6f8723f5b6df_1) | 68  |
| [Financial Highlights](#xx_60926f64-7542-43a2-8d48-55c9818bfe45_1) | 69  |
| [Appendix - Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries](#xx_63d6ec61-81d8-4830-9d33-2bdc81805ef5_1) | 70  |

---

------

**Transamerica International Sustainable Equity**

**Investment Objective:**

Seeks long-term capital appreciation.

**Fees and Expenses:** This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the fund. **You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.**

You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Transamerica Funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the "Waivers and Reductions of Sales Charges" section of the fund's prospectus, in the Appendix – "Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries," and in the fund's statement of additional information (SAI) under the heading "Purchase of Shares."

------

**Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Class:** | **A** | **I** | **R6** |
| Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on <br> purchases (as a percentage of offering price)<br>| 5.50% |  |  |
| Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a <br> percentage of purchase price or redemption <br> proceeds, whichever is lower)<br>| None<sup>1</sup>  |  |  |

---

<sup>1</sup> Purchases of Class A shares in amounts of $1 million or more that are not subject to an initial sales charge may be subject to a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within 24 months of their purchase.

------

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Class:** | **A** | **I** | **R6** |
| Management fees | 0.55% | 0.55% | 0.55% |
| Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% |  |  |
| Other expenses<sup>1</sup> <br>| 1.57% | 1.53% | 1.44% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses | 2.37% | 2.08% | 1.99% |
| Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement<sup>2</sup> <br>| 1.27% | 1.28% | 1.29% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses after fee <br> waiver and/or expense reimbursement<br>| 1.10% | 0.80% | 0.70% |

---

Other expenses are based on estimates for the current fiscal year.

Contractual arrangements have been made with the fund's investment manager, Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM"), through March 1, 2025 to waive fees and/or reimburse fund expenses to the extent that total annual fund operating expenses exceed 1.10% for Class A shares, 0.80% for Class I shares and 0.70% for Class R6 shares, excluding, as applicable, acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on securities sold short, extraordinary expenses and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the fund's business. These arrangements cannot be terminated prior to March 1, 2025 without the Board of Trustees' consent. TAM is permitted to recapture amounts waived and/or reimbursed to a class during any of the 36 months from the date on which TAM waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses for the class if the class' total annual fund operating expenses have fallen to a level below the limits described above. In no case will TAM recapture any amount that would result, on any particular business day of the fund, in the class' total annual operating expenses exceeding the applicable limits described above or any other lower limit then in effect.

**Example:** This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all shares at the end of those periods (unless otherwise indicated). The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects applicable waivers and/or reimbursements for the duration of such arrangement(s). Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **1 year** | **3 years** |
| Class A | $656  | $1011 |
| Class I | $82 | $396 |
| Class R6 | $72 | $366 |

---

**Portfolio Turnover:** The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the fund's performance. Portfolio turnover rate is not included because the fund did not commence operations until the date of this prospectus.

**Principal Investment Strategies:** Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in common stock of companies in foreign developed and emerging markets (including frontier market countries), that the fund's sub-adviser, Calamos Advisors LLC (the "sub-adviser"), believes have above average growth potential and meet the sub-adviser's sustainability criteria. The fund will generally be invested in a minimum of five (5) countries outside the U.S.

The fund considers foreign (non-U.S.) companies to be those companies that either maintain their principal place of business outside of the United States, have their securities principally traded on non-U.S. exchanges or were formed under the laws of non-U.S. countries. Foreign companies may include companies doing business in the U.S. but meet the fund's general criteria of a foreign company described above. Emerging markets are markets of countries in the initial stages of industrialization and generally have low per capita income. Certain emerging markets are sometimes referred to as "frontier markets." Frontier markets are the least advanced capital markets in the developing world. Frontier markets are countries with investable stock markets that are less established than those in the emerging markets. To determine if a country is an emerging market or frontier market country, the sub-adviser will use the classification provided by MSCI, Inc. Foreign securities include American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") or securities guaranteed by a U.S. person but which represent underlying shares of foreign issuers, and may include foreign securities in the

------

form of European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other securities representing underlying shares of foreign issuers.

The sub-adviser's stock selection process incorporates the sub-adviser's belief that companies able to sustain success over the long term share certain defining characteristics. The sub-adviser has found that these characteristics apply whether the company is an established global market leader or a smaller regional player with a new or better product. The sub-adviser believes that valuation is also an important aspect of stock selection and analyzes a company's stock price relative to its history, the market, and its peers in an effort to avoid overpaying for, what the sub-adviser considers to be, an excellent company. In its stock selection process, the sub-adviser screens out companies with $2 billion or less in market caps and less than $1 million in average daily trading volume.

The sub-adviser utilizes a proprietary environmental, social and governance ("ESG") rating system, considering both quantitative and qualitative factors, to identify what it considers to be responsible, engaged companies (companies that demonstrate awareness and action surrounding the material ESG issues facing their businesses and industries).The sub-adviser believes that a company's understanding of ESG principles demonstrates the qualities of innovation and leadership that create a distinct competitive advantage and build long-term value. The sub-adviser considers a company's position on various factors such as ecological limits, environmental stewardship, environmental strategies, stance on human rights and equality, societal impact as well as its corporate governance practices. The sub-adviser conducts fundamental research to find issuers it views as having attractive ESG and financial attributes. In conducting fundamental research, the sub-adviser combines traditional investment information with its proprietary three-pronged ESG process to identify investments which it believes promote certain environmental, social, and governance characteristics. The sub-adviser believes that its ESG process creates a full picture of how an issuer behaves commercially and how it deals with existing and emerging ESG risks and opportunities. The three-pronged ESG process consists of: 1) exclusionary screens; 2) materiality assessments; and 3) ESG impact scoring. The sub-adviser utilizes a range of data sources as part of its proprietary ESG ratings system. These data sources may include, but are not limited to: corporate disclosures, third-party research providers (e.g., MSCI ESG, Bloomberg, etc.), non-governmental organizations and non-profits (e.g., Greenpeace, Friends of Earth, etc.), academic publications, news services and memberships. The sub-adviser does not solely rely on the ESG ratings of any third-party research providers.

The sub-adviser's philosophy and process results in certain industries and business activities that are viewed as too environmentally risky or present social outcomes that are too unattractive to warrant investment consideration and are avoided through exclusionary screens. Those industries and businesses are: agricultural biotechnology, alcohol, animal testing, fossil fuels, gambling, metals/mining, nuclear energy, tobacco, and weapons. The sub-adviser will generally exclude a company from investment consideration to the extent the company derives more than 5% of its

revenue or profits from such an industry or business activity. Regarding animal testing, the sub-adviser evaluates companies involved in animal testing on a case-by-case basis depending on purpose and methods.

The sub-adviser then applies third-party materiality mapping tools combined with its own insights and emphasis on ESG leadership to identify and analyze, what the sub-adviser believes to be, the key ESG risks and opportunities for a particular industry.

Overlaying these top-down and bottom-up approaches, the sub-adviser then utilizes a proprietary ESG scoring system, which considers both quantitative and qualitative factors to assign scores to potential fund investments. The sub-adviser's scoring system considers the sub-adviser's view of an issuer's position in respect of various ESG characteristics, including product contribution to a sustainable economy; product lifecycle innovation; operational efficiencies; inclusive finance; ensuring health and providing basic services; as well as an issuer's corporate governance practices. Companies are scored by the sub-adviser on ESG characteristics in the following categories: product innovation, life-cycle analysis and design (i.e., sustainable procurement, packaging and end of life), operational efficiencies (carbon, energy, waste and water strategies), leadership and employee engagement, ESG disclosures, and human development and contribution (i.e., ensuring health, inclusive finance and providing basic services). A company must earn a score higher than 3 (on a 1-5 scale) in one of the identified categories to be considered by the sub-adviser for inclusion in the fund. All potential fund investments are assigned an ESG score and companies with an ESG score of 3 or lower are not eligible for investment by the fund.

The sub-adviser may sell stocks for several reasons, including when the stock no longer meets its ESG criteria, when the security declines in value, when the sub-adviser believes it is overvalued, or when it no longer reflects the investment thesis defined by the sub-adviser.

The fund generally seeks diversification by country and economic sector. The fund invests primarily in common stocks, ADRs, EDRs and GDRs.

The fund's sub-adviser will not typically utilize derivatives except for purchasing futures for cash equitization purposes or purchasing market access products to seek to achieve efficient investment exposure (e.g., instances where local markets may not be available for trading). The fund may also invest in exchange-traded funds for these purposes.

The fund may invest in China A-shares (equity securities of Chinese companies) listed and traded on Chinese stock exchanges such as the Shanghai Stock Exchange or the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

**Principal Risks:** Risk is inherent in all investing. Many factors and risks affect the fund's performance, including those described below. The value of your investment in the fund, as well as the amount of return you receive on your investment, may fluctuate significantly day to day and over time. You may lose part or all of your investment in the fund or your investment may not perform as well as other similar investments. The following is a summary description of principal risks (in alphabetical order after certain

------

key risks) of investing in the fund. An investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. **You may lose money if you invest in this fund.**

**Market** – The market prices of the fund's securities or other assets may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions, overall economic trends or events, inflation, changes in interest rates, governmental actions or interventions, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by tariffs, trade disputes or other factors, political developments, armed conflicts, economic sanctions, cybersecurity events, investor sentiment, public health events such as the spread of infectious disease, and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. If the market prices of the fund's securities and assets fall, the value of your investment in the fund could go down.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Events or circumstances in one or more countries or regions could be highly disruptive to, and have profound impacts on, global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the fund's investments may go down.

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic, the large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the rise of inflation have resulted in extreme volatility in the global economy and in global financial markets. These events could be prolonged and could continue to adversely affect the value and liquidity of the fund's investments, impair the fund's ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the fund's performance.

**Equity Securities** – Equity securities generally have greater risk of loss than debt securities. Stock markets are volatile and the value of equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of equity securities fluctuates based on real or perceived changes in a company's financial condition, factors affecting a particular industry or industries, and overall market, economic and political conditions. If the market prices of the equity securities owned by the fund fall, the value of your investment in the fund will decline. The fund may lose its entire investment in the equity securities of an issuer. A change in financial condition or other event affecting a single issuer may adversely impact securities markets as a whole.

**Small and Medium Capitalization Companies –** The fund will be exposed to additional risks as a result of its investments in the securities of small or medium capitalization companies. Small or medium capitalization companies may be more at risk than large capitalization companies because, among other things, they may have limited product lines, operating history, market or financial resources, or because they may depend on a limited management group. Securities of small and medium capitalization companies may be more volatile than and may underperform large capitalization companies, may be harder to sell at times and at prices the portfolio managers believe appropriate and may offer greater potential for losses.

**Sustainability Investing –** Applying the sub-adviser's sustainability assessment framework to its investment analysis for the fund may impact the sub-adviser's investment decisions as to securities of certain issuers and, therefore, the fund may forgo some investment opportunities available to funds that do not apply sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. Applying sustainability criteria may impact the fund's exposure to risks associated with certain issuers, industries and sectors, which may impact the fund's investment performance. Securities of companies meeting the sub-adviser's sustainability criteria may shift into and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions, and the fund's performance may at times be better or worse than the performance of similar funds that do not utilize sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. "Sustainability" is not a uniformly defined characteristic and applying sustainability criteria involves subjective assessment. The fund's investments may include securities of issuers that derive revenue from non-sustainable activities. Sustainability information from third party data providers may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable, which could lead to an incorrect assessment of a company's sustainability characteristics.

**Growth Stocks** – Returns on growth stocks may not move in tandem with returns on other categories of stocks or the market as a whole. Growth stocks typically are particularly sensitive to market movements and may involve larger price swings because their market prices tend to reflect future expectations. When it appears those expectations may not be met, the prices of growth stocks typically fall. Growth stocks may also be more volatile because they often do not pay dividends. The values of growth stocks tend to go down when interest rates rise because the rise in interest rates reduces the current value of future cash flows. Growth stocks as a group may be out of favor and underperform the overall equity market for a long period of time, for example, while the market favors "value" stocks.

**Foreign Investments** – Investing in securities of foreign issuers or issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets involves additional risks. Foreign markets can be less liquid, less regulated, less transparent and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of the fund's foreign investments may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, because of factors affecting the particular issuer as well as foreign markets and issuers generally, such as unfavorable government actions, including nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, reduction of government or central bank support, tariffs and trade disruptions, sanctions, political or financial instability, social unrest or other adverse economic or political developments. Foreign investments may also be subject to different accounting practices and different regulatory, legal, auditing, financial reporting and recordkeeping standards and practices, and may be more difficult to value than investments in U.S. issuers. Certain foreign clearance and settlement procedures may result in an inability to execute transactions or delays in settlement.

**Management** – The value of your investment may go down if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's judgments and decisions are incorrect or otherwise do not produce the desired results, or if the investment strategy does not work as intended. You may also suffer losses if there are imperfections, errors or limitations in the quantitative, analytic or other tools, resources, information and data used, investment techniques applied, or the analyses employed

------

or relied on, by the investment manager or sub-adviser, if such tools, resources, information or data are used incorrectly or otherwise do not work as intended, or if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's investment style is out of favor or otherwise fails to produce the desired results. Any of these things could cause the fund to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

**Active Trading** – The fund may purchase and sell securities without regard to the length of time held. Active trading may be more pronounced during periods of market volatility, may have a negative impact on performance and may generate greater amounts of short-term capital gains.

**China A–Shares** – The fund may invest in equity securities of certain Chinese companies, referred to as China A-shares, through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program or the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (collectively, the "Programs"). The Programs are subject to daily quota limitations, which may restrict the fund's ability to invest in China A-shares through the Programs and to enter into or exit trades on a timely basis. The Shanghai and Shenzhen markets may be open at a time when the Programs are not trading, with the result that prices of China A-shares may fluctuate at times when the fund is unable to add to or exit its position. Only certain China A-shares are eligible to be accessed through the Programs. Such securities may lose their eligibility at any time, in which case they could be sold but could no longer be purchased through the Programs. Because the Programs are new, the actual effect on the market for trading China A-shares with the introduction of large numbers of foreign investors is currently unknown. Further, regulations or restrictions, such as limitations on redemptions, suspension of trading and limitations on profits, may adversely impact the Programs and/or the fund's investments through the Programs. There is no guarantee that applicable exchanges in Hong Kong and mainland China will continue to support the Programs in the future.

Investments in China A-shares are subject to risks specific to the China market. Any significant change in mainland China's political, social or economic policies may have a negative impact on investments in the China market.

In addition, uncertainties in mainland China tax legislation could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a fund and therefore could affect the amount of income which may be derived, and the amount of capital returned, from the investments in China A-shares by the fund.

**Currency** – The value of a fund's investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers may also be affected by currency risk. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could reduce or eliminate investment gains or add to investment losses. A fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure or any hedge may not be effective.

**Depositary Receipts** – Depositary receipts are generally subject to the same risks as are the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted, and they may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. In addition, depositary receipts expose the fund to risk

associated with the non-uniform terms that apply to depositary receipt programs, credit exposure to the depositary bank and to the sponsors and other parties with whom the depositary bank establishes the programs. Holders of depositary receipts may have limited voting rights, and investment restrictions in certain countries may adversely impact the value of depositary receipts because such restrictions may limit the ability to convert equity shares into depositary receipts and vice versa.

**Emerging Markets** – Investments in securities of issuers located or doing business in emerging markets are subject to heightened foreign investments risks and may experience rapid and extreme changes in value. Emerging market countries tend to have less developed and less stable economic, political and legal systems and regulatory and accounting standards, may have policies that restrict investment by foreigners or that prevent foreign investors such as the fund from withdrawing their money at will, and are more likely to experience nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. In addition, emerging market securities may have low trading volumes and may be or become illiquid.

**Focused Investing –** To the extent the fund invests in a limited number of countries, regions, sectors, industries or market segments, in a limited number of issuers, or in issuers in related businesses or that are subject to related operating risks, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those countries, regions, sectors, industries, segments or issuers, and the value of its shares may be more volatile than if it invested more widely.

**Frontier Markets –** Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies and even less developed capital markets than emerging market countries. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries.

**Large Capitalization Companies –** The fund's investments in larger, more established companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.

**Large Shareholder –** A significant portion of the fund's shares may be owned by other funds sponsored by Transamerica. Transactions by these funds may be disruptive to the management of the fund. For example, the fund may experience large redemptions and could be required to sell securities at a time when it may not otherwise desire to do so. Such transactions may increase the fund's brokerage and/or other transaction costs. These transactions may also accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments resulted in gains. In addition, sizeable redemptions could cause the fund's total expenses to increase.

**Liquidity** – The fund may make investments that are illiquid or that become illiquid after purchase. Illiquid investments can be difficult to value, may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments, and may be subject to wide fluctuations in value. Liquidity risk may be magnified in rising interest rate environments. If the fund is forced to sell an illiquid investment to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. Liquidity of particular investments, or even entire asset classes,

------

including U.S. Treasury securities, can deteriorate rapidly, particularly during times of market turmoil, and those investments may be difficult or impossible for the fund to sell. This may prevent the fund from limiting losses.

**Valuation** – The sales price the fund could receive for any particular portfolio investment may differ from the fund's valuation of the investment, particularly for securities that trade in thin or volatile markets, that are priced based upon valuations provided by third party pricing services that use matrix or evaluated pricing systems, or that are valued using a fair value methodology. These differences may increase significantly and affect fund investments more broadly during periods of market volatility. Investors who purchase or redeem fund shares on days when the fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive fewer or more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the fund had not fair-valued securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The fund's ability to value its investments may also be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgment, which may prove to be incorrect.

**Warrants and Rights –** Warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments because they do not entitle a holder to the dividends or voting rights for the securities that may be purchased, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. If the warrant is not exercised before the expiration date, it generally expires without any value and the fund will lose any amount it paid for the warrant.

**Performance:** No performance is shown for the fund. Performance information will appear in a future version of this prospectus once the fund has a full calendar year of performance information to report to investors.

The fund's benchmark is the MSCI All Country World ex-U.S. Index.

Absent any applicable fee waivers and/or expense limitations, performance would be lower.

As with all mutual funds, past performance (before and after taxes) is not a prediction of future results. Updated performance information is available on our website at www.transamerica.com/investments-fund-center or by calling 1-888-233-4339.

**Management:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Calamos Advisors LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Calamos Advisors LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Calamos Advisors LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* |
| James Madden, <br> CFA<br>| Co-Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |
| Anthony Tursich, <br> CFA<br>| Co-Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |
| Beth Williamson | Associate Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |

---

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares:** You may purchase, exchange or redeem shares of the fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business, online or through our website at www.transamerica.com, by mail to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc., P.O. Box 219945, Kansas City, MO 64121-9945, by telephone

at 1-888-233-4339, by overnight mail to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc., 330 W. 9th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105 or through a financial intermediary.

Class R6 shares are intended for purchase by certain Transamerica-sponsored asset allocation funds, as well as participants in certain eligible accounts such as 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans, defined-benefit plans, non-qualified deferred compensation plans, IRAs and participants in certain health savings plans and health savings accounts under Section 223 of the Internal Revenue Code (eligible plans). For applicable plans, Class R6 shares are available only when a plan's recordkeeper or financial service firm serving as an intermediary has an agreement with Transamerica Funds, and in such eligible plans where Class R6 shares are held on the books of the funds through omnibus or Network Level 3 accounts (either at the plan level or at the level of the financial service firm serving as an intermediary).

The minimum initial purchase for Class A shares is $1,000; the minimum subsequent investment is $50. The minimum initial purchase for payroll deduction and automatic investment plan is $500; the minimum subsequent investment is $50 per monthly fund account investment. The minimum investment for Class I shares is $1,000,000. There is no minimum investment for eligible plans investing in Class R6 shares.

**Tax Information:** Fund distributions may be taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. In that case, you may be taxed when you take a distribution from such plan, depending on the type of plan, the circumstances of your distribution and other factors.

**Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries:** If you purchase the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the fund and/or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

------

**Transamerica Long Credit**

**Investment Objective:**

Seeks to provide total return through a combination of current income and capital appreciation.

**Fees and Expenses:** This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the fund. **You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.**

You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Transamerica Funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the "Waivers and Reductions of Sales Charges" section of the fund's prospectus, in the Appendix – "Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries," and in the fund's statement of additional information (SAI) under the heading "Purchase of Shares."

------

**Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)** 

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Class:** | **A** | **C** | **I** | **R6** |
| Maximum sales charge (load) imposed <br> on purchases (as a percentage of <br> offering price)<br>| 4.75% |  |  |  |
| Maximum deferred sales charge (load) <br> (as a percentage of purchase price or <br> redemption proceeds, whichever is <br> lower)<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>| None<sup>1</sup> <br>| 1.00%<sup>1</sup> <br>|  |  |

---

<sup>1</sup> Purchases of Class A shares in amounts of $1 million or more that are not subject to an initial sales charge may be subject to a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within 24 months of their purchase. A deferred sales charge on Class A and C shares may apply to certain redemptions of shares purchased by exchange from another Transamerica Fund.

------

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)** 

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Class:** | **A** | **C** | **I** | **R6** |
| Management fees | 0.45% | 0.45% | 0.45% | 0.45% |
| Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% | 1.00% |  |  |
| Other expenses<sup>1</sup> <br>| 1.04% | 1.04% | 1.01% | 0.91% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses | 1.74% | 2.49% | 1.46% | 1.36% |
| Fee waiver and/or expense <br> reimbursement<sup>2</sup> <br>| 0.71% | 0.71% | 0.79% | 0.78% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses <br> after fee waiver and/or expense <br> reimbursement<br>| 1.03% | 1.78% | 0.67% | 0.58% |

---

Other expenses are based on estimates for the current fiscal year.

Contractual arrangements have been made with the fund's investment manager, Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM"), through March 1, 2025 to waive fees and/or reimburse fund expenses to the extent that total annual fund operating expenses exceed 1.03% for Class A shares, 1.78% for Class C shares, 0.67% for Class I shares and 0.58% for Class R6 shares, excluding, as applicable, acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on securities sold short, extraordinary expenses and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the fund's business. These arrangements cannot be terminated prior to March 1, 2025 without the Board of Trustees' consent. TAM is permitted to recapture amounts waived and/or reimbursed to a class during any of the 36 months from the date on which TAM waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses for

the class if the class' total annual fund operating expenses have fallen to a level below the limits described above. In no case will TAM recapture any amount that would result, on any particular business day of the fund, in the class' total annual operating expenses exceeding the applicable limits described above or any other lower limit then in effect.

**Example:** This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all shares at the end of those periods (unless otherwise indicated). The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects applicable waivers and/or reimbursements for the duration of such arrangement(s). Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

------

**If the shares are redeemed at the end of each period:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **1 year** | **3 years** |
| Class A | $575  | $861 |
| Class C | $281  | $636 |
| Class I | $68 | $302 |
| Class R6 | $59 | $272 |

---

**If the shares are not redeemed:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **1 year** | **3 years** |
| Class A | $575  | $861 |
| Class C | $181  | $636 |
| Class I | $68 | $302 |
| Class R6 | $59 | $272 |

---

**Portfolio Turnover:** The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the fund's performance. Portfolio turnover rate is not included because the fund did not commence operations until the date of this prospectus.

**Principal Investment Strategies:** The fund's sub-adviser, Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC (the "sub-adviser"), seeks to achieve the fund's objective by investing, under normal circumstances, primarily in investment grade debt securities, which may include: investment grade corporate securities, U.S. government obligations, mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, and private residential mortgage-backed securities. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of borrowings, if any, for investment purposes) in fixed-income securities. The fund's portfolio weighted average duration will normally be more than 10 years. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. The longer a security's duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates.

------

Under normal circumstances, the fund's portfolio will have a dollar-weighted average credit rating of investment grade. Investment grade debt securities carry a rating of at least BBB from Standard & Poor's or Fitch or Baa from Moody's or are of comparable quality as determined by the sub-adviser. The fund may invest in securities of any maturity.

The fund may also invest in U.S. Treasury and agency securities, municipal bonds, asset-backed securities (including collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs"), collateralized bond obligations ("CBOs") and collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs")), commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS"), high quality short-term debt obligations and repurchase agreements. The fund's investments may include debt securities of foreign issuers, including emerging market debt securities. The fund may invest in securities that are denominated in U.S. dollars and in foreign currencies. The fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in emerging market debt securities. The sub-adviser considers emerging markets countries as countries that major international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, generally consider to be less economically mature than developed nations. The fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in high-yield debt securities (commonly referred to as "junk bonds"). Junk bonds are high-risk debt securities rated below investment grade (that is, securities rated below BBB by Standard & Poor's or Fitch or below Baa by Moody's or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by the sub-adviser).

The sub-adviser uses a combination of a global "top-down" analysis of the macroeconomic and interest rate environment and proprietary "bottom-up" research of corporate, government and agency debt, and other debt instruments. In the sub-adviser's "top-down" approach, the sub-adviser analyzes various fundamental, technical, sentiment and valuation factors that affect the movements of markets and securities prices worldwide. In its proprietary "bottom-up" research, the sub-adviser considers various fundamental and other factors, such as creditworthiness, capital structure, covenants, cash flows and, as applicable, collateral. The sub-adviser uses this combined "top-down" and "bottom-up" approach to determine asset class, sector, security, yield curve, and duration positions for the fund. The sub-adviser's research analysts also integrate environmental, social and governance ("ESG") matters within their analytical process for corporate debt, sovereign debt and securitized issuers alongside traditional credit metrics as a risk management tool and as a method to identify financially material ESG factors and arrive at an independent, comprehensive view of the investment. Consideration of ESG matters is subjective and not determinative in the sub-adviser's investment process. The sub-adviser may conclude that other attributes of an investment outweigh ESG considerations when making investment decisions. The sub?adviser's research analysts do not take ESG factors into consideration with respect to every investment in the portfolio.

The fund may purchase securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis.

**Principal Risks:** Risk is inherent in all investing. Many factors and risks affect the fund's performance, including those described below. The value of your investment in the fund, as well as the amount of return you receive on your investment, may fluctuate significantly day to day and over time. You may lose part or all of your investment in the fund or your investment may not perform as well as other similar investments. The following is a summary description of principal risks (in alphabetical order after certain key risks) of investing in the fund. An investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. **You may lose money if you invest in this fund.**

**Market** – The market prices of the fund's securities or other assets may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions, overall economic trends or events, inflation, changes in interest rates, governmental actions or interventions, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by tariffs, trade disputes or other factors, political developments, armed conflicts, economic sanctions, cybersecurity events, investor sentiment, public health events such as the spread of infectious disease, and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. If the market prices of the fund's securities and assets fall, the value of your investment in the fund could go down.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Events or circumstances in one or more countries or regions could be highly disruptive to, and have profound impacts on, global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the fund's investments may go down.

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic, the large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the rise of inflation have resulted in extreme volatility in the global economy and in global financial markets. These events could be prolonged and could continue to adversely affect the value and liquidity of the fund's investments, impair the fund's ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the fund's performance.

**Fixed-Income Securities** – Risks of fixed-income securities include credit risk, interest rate risk, counterparty risk, prepayment risk, extension risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk. The value of fixed-income securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, due to general market conditions, such as real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions, tariffs and trade disruptions, inflation, changes in interest rates, lack of liquidity in the bond markets or adverse investor sentiment. In addition, the value of a fixed-income security may decline if the issuer or other obligor of the security fails to pay principal and/or interest, otherwise defaults or has its credit rating downgraded or is perceived to be less creditworthy, or the credit quality or value of any underlying

------

assets declines. If the value of fixed-income securities owned by the fund falls, the value of your investment will go down. The fund may lose its entire investment in the fixed-income securities of an issuer.

**Interest Rate** –The value of fixed-income securities generally goes down when interest rates rise. A rise in rates tends to have a greater impact on the prices of longer term or duration securities. Changes in interest rates also may affect the liquidity of the fund's investments. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to sell fixed-income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed-income securities generally and could also result in increased redemptions from the fund. Increased redemptions could cause the fund to sell securities at inopportune times or depressed prices and result in further losses.

**Inflation –** The value of assets or income from investment may be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the fund's assets can decline as can the value of the fund's distributions.

**Credit** – If an issuer or other obligor (such as a party providing insurance or other credit enhancement) of a security held by the fund or a counterparty to a financial contract with the fund is unable or unwilling to meet its financial obligations, or is downgraded or perceived to be less creditworthy (whether by market participants or otherwise), or if the value of any underlying assets declines, the value of your investment will typically decline. A decline may be rapid and/or significant, particularly in certain market environments. In addition, the fund may incur costs and may be hindered or delayed in enforcing its rights against an issuer, obligor or counterparty.

**High-Yield Debt Securities** – High-yield debt securities, commonly referred to as "junk" bonds, are securities that are rated below "investment grade" or are of comparable quality. Changes in interest rates, the market's perception of the issuers, the creditworthiness of the issuers and negative perceptions of the junk bond market generally may significantly affect the value of these bonds. Junk bonds are considered speculative, tend to be volatile, typically have a higher risk of default, tend to be less liquid and more difficult to value than higher grade securities, and may result in losses for the fund.

**Mortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Securities –** The value of mortgage-related and asset-backed securities will be influenced by factors affecting the housing market and the assets underlying such securities. As a result, during periods of declining asset values, difficult or frozen credit markets, swings in interest rates, or deteriorating economic conditions, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities may decline in value, face valuation difficulties, become more volatile and/or become illiquid, which could negatively impact the fund. Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are collateralized by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property. Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as installment sales or loan contracts, leases, credit card receivables and other categories of receivables. The value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may be affected by changes in credit quality or value of the mortgage loans or other assets that support the securities. Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are

subject to prepayment or call and extension risks. Some of these securities may receive little or no collateral protection from the underlying assets.

**Extension** – When interest rates rise, payments of fixed-income securities, including asset- and mortgage-backed securities, may occur more slowly than anticipated, causing their market prices to decline.

**Prepayment or Call** – Many issuers have a right to prepay their fixed-income securities. If this happens, the fund will not benefit from the rise in the market price of the securities that normally accompanies a decline in interest rates and may be forced to reinvest the prepayment proceeds in securities with lower yields.

**Emerging Markets** – Investments in securities of issuers located or doing business in emerging markets are subject to heightened foreign investments risks and may experience rapid and extreme changes in value. Emerging market countries tend to have less developed and less stable economic, political and legal systems and regulatory and accounting standards, may have policies that restrict investment by foreigners or that prevent foreign investors such as the fund from withdrawing their money at will, and are more likely to experience nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. In addition, emerging market securities may have low trading volumes and may be or become illiquid.

**Municipal Securities –** The municipal bond market can be susceptible to unusual volatility, particularly for lower-rated and unrated securities. Liquidity can be reduced unpredictably in response to overall economic conditions or credit tightening. Municipal issuers may be adversely affected by rising health care costs, increasing unfunded pension liabilities, and by the phasing out of federal programs providing financial support. The value of municipal securities can also be adversely affected by changes in the financial condition of one or more individual municipal issuers or insurers of municipal issuers, regulatory and political developments, tax law changes or other legislative actions, and by uncertainties and public perceptions concerning these and other factors. To the extent the fund invests significantly in a single state or in securities the payments on which are dependent upon a single project or source of revenue, or that relate to a sector or industry, the fund will be more susceptible to associated risks and developments. Municipal issuers may be more susceptible to downgrades or defaults during recessions or similar periods of economic stress. A number of municipal issuers have defaulted on obligations, commenced insolvency proceedings, or suffered credit downgrading. Financial difficulties of municipal issuers may continue or worsen.

Investment in municipal securities of issuers in Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or other U.S. territories, may have more risks than tax-exempt securities issued by other issuers due to the political, social and/or economic conditions in the particular territory.

**Counterparty** – The fund could lose money if the counterparties to derivatives, repurchase agreements and other financial contracts entered into for the fund do not fulfill their contractual obligations. In addition, the fund may incur costs and may be hindered or delayed in enforcing its rights against a counterparty.

**Management** – The value of your investment may go down if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's judgments and decisions are incorrect or otherwise do not produce the desired results, or

------

if the investment strategy does not work as intended. You may also suffer losses if there are imperfections, errors or limitations in the quantitative, analytic or other tools, resources, information and data used, investment techniques applied, or the analyses employed or relied on, by the investment manager or sub-adviser, if such tools, resources, information or data are used incorrectly or otherwise do not work as intended, or if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's investment style is out of favor or otherwise fails to produce the desired results. Any of these things could cause the fund to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

**Active Trading** – The fund may purchase and sell securities without regard to the length of time held. Active trading may be more pronounced during periods of market volatility, may have a negative impact on performance and may generate greater amounts of short-term capital gains.

**Currency** – The value of a fund's investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers may also be affected by currency risk. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could reduce or eliminate investment gains or add to investment losses. A fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure or any hedge may not be effective.

**Distressed or Defaulted Securities –** Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers, including securities that are, or may be, involved in reorganizations or other financial restructurings, either out of court or in bankruptcy, involve substantial risks in addition to the risks of investing in high-yield debt securities. These securities are considered speculative. The fund may incur costs to protect its investment, and the fund could lose its entire investment. Distressed securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale.

**Focused Investing –** To the extent the fund invests in a limited number of countries, regions, sectors, industries or market segments, in a limited number of issuers, or in issuers in related businesses or that are subject to related operating risks, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those countries, regions, sectors, industries, segments or issuers, and the value of its shares may be more volatile than if it invested more widely.

**Foreign Investments** – Investing in securities of foreign issuers or issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets involves additional risks. Foreign markets can be less liquid, less regulated, less transparent and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of the fund's foreign investments may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, because of factors affecting the particular issuer as well as foreign markets and issuers generally, such as unfavorable government actions, including nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, reduction of government or central bank support, tariffs and trade disruptions, sanctions, political or financial instability, social unrest or other adverse economic or political developments. Foreign investments may also be subject to different accounting practices and different regulatory, legal, auditing, financial reporting and recordkeeping standards and practices,

and may be more difficult to value than investments in U.S. issuers. Certain foreign clearance and settlement procedures may result in an inability to execute transactions or delays in settlement.

**Inflation-Protected Securities –** Inflation-protected debt securities may react differently from other types of debt securities and tend to react to changes in "real" interest rates, which represent nominal (stated) interest rates reduced by the expected impact of inflation. In general, the price of an inflation-protected debt security can fall when real interest rates rise, and can rise when real interest rates fall. Interest payments on inflation-protected debt securities can be unpredictable and will vary as the principal and/or interest is adjusted for inflation.

**Large Shareholder –** A significant portion of the fund's shares may be owned by other funds sponsored by Transamerica. Transactions by these funds may be disruptive to the management of the fund. For example, the fund may experience large redemptions and could be required to sell securities at a time when it may not otherwise desire to do so. Such transactions may increase the fund's brokerage and/or other transaction costs. These transactions may also accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments resulted in gains. In addition, sizeable redemptions could cause the fund's total expenses to increase.

**LIBOR –** Many financial instruments, financings or other transactions to which the fund may be a party use or may use a floating rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). The UK Financial Conduct Authority and LIBOR's administrator announced that the use of LIBOR will be phased out; most LIBOR rates are no longer published as of the end of 2021 and a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR rates will no longer be published after June 30, 2023. It is possible that a subset of LIBOR rates may be published after these dates on a "synthetic" basis, but any such publications would be considered non-representative of the underlying market. There remains uncertainty regarding the nature of any replacement rate and the impact of the transition from LIBOR on the fund, issuers of instruments in which the fund invests, and financial markets generally. As such, the potential effect of a transition away from LIBOR on the fund or the fund's investments cannot yet be determined.

**Liquidity** – The fund may make investments that are illiquid or that become illiquid after purchase. Illiquid investments can be difficult to value, may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments, and may be subject to wide fluctuations in value. Liquidity risk may be magnified in rising interest rate environments. If the fund is forced to sell an illiquid investment to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. Liquidity of particular investments, or even entire asset classes, including U.S. Treasury securities, can deteriorate rapidly, particularly during times of market turmoil, and those investments may be difficult or impossible for the fund to sell. This may prevent the fund from limiting losses.

**Privately Placed and Other Restricted Securities –** Restricted securities, which include private placements of private and public companies, are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale. Restricted securities may be difficult to sell at the time and price a fund prefers. Restricted securities may be difficult to value properly and may involve greater risks than

------

securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale, both of which may result in substantial losses. An insufficient number of eligible buyers interested in purchasing restricted securities held by a fund could adversely affect the marketability of such securities and a fund might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices, adversely affecting a fund's overall liquidity and performance. Restricted securities may not be listed on an exchange and may have no active trading market. A fund may incur additional expense when disposing of restricted securities. Restricted securities may involve a high degree of business and financial risk and may result in substantial losses to the fund.

**Repurchase Agreements –** In a repurchase agreement, the fund purchases securities from a broker-dealer or a bank, called the counterparty, upon the agreement of the counterparty to repurchase the securities from the fund at a later date, and at a specified price. The securities purchased serve as the fund's collateral for the obligation of the counterparty to repurchase the securities. If the counterparty does not repurchase the securities, the fund is entitled to sell the securities, but the fund may not be able to sell them for the price at which they were purchased, thus causing a loss. If the counterparty becomes insolvent, there is some risk that the fund will not have a right to the securities, or the immediate right to sell the securities.

**Sovereign Debt –** Sovereign debt instruments are subject to the risk that the governmental entity may delay or fail to pay interest or repay principal on its sovereign debt. If a governmental entity defaults, it may ask for more time in which to pay or for further loans, or the debt may be restructured. There may be no established legal process for collecting sovereign debt that a government does not pay, nor are there bankruptcy proceedings through which all or part of the sovereign debt that a governmental entity has not repaid may be collected.

**Sustainability and Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") Considerations –** Applying sustainability and/or ESG factors as part of the fund's security selection process may impact the sub-adviser's investment decisions. Sustainability and ESG factors are not uniformly defined and applying such factors involves subjective assessments. Sustainability and ESG ratings and assessments of issuers can vary across investment advisers (including sub-advisers) and third party data providers and may change over time. Sustainability and ESG factors can be difficult to apply consistently across issuers, regions, countries, industries or sectors. The application of these factors could negatively impact the fund's performance. Sustainability and ESG information from issuers and from third party data providers may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable, which could lead to an incorrect assessment of a company's sustainability or ESG characteristics.

**U.S. Government and Agency Obligations** – Government agency obligations have different levels of credit support and, therefore, different degrees of credit risk. Securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government that are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government generally present a lesser degree of credit risk than securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities sponsored by the U.S. government that are supported only by the issuer's right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury and securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities sponsored by the U.S. government that are supported only by the credit of the issuing agencies. A security backed by

the "full faith and credit" of the U.S. government is guaranteed only as to its stated interest rate and face value at maturity, not its current market price.

**Valuation** – The sales price the fund could receive for any particular portfolio investment may differ from the fund's valuation of the investment, particularly for securities that trade in thin or volatile markets, that are priced based upon valuations provided by third party pricing services that use matrix or evaluated pricing systems, or that are valued using a fair value methodology. These differences may increase significantly and affect fund investments more broadly during periods of market volatility. Investors who purchase or redeem fund shares on days when the fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive fewer or more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the fund had not fair-valued securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The fund's ability to value its investments may also be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgment, which may prove to be incorrect.

**Warrants and Rights –** Warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments because they do not entitle a holder to the dividends or voting rights for the securities that may be purchased, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. If the warrant is not exercised before the expiration date, it generally expires without any value and the fund will lose any amount it paid for the warrant.

**Yield –** The amount of income received by the fund will go up or down depending on day-to-day variations in short-term interest rates, and the fund's expenses could absorb all or a significant portion of the fund's income. If interest rates increase, the fund's yield may not increase proportionately.

**Performance:** No performance is shown for the fund. Performance information will appear in a future version of this prospectus once the fund has a full calendar year of performance information to report to investors.

The fund's benchmark is the Bloomberg U.S. Long Credit Index.

Absent any applicable fee waivers and/or expense limitations, performance would be lower.

As with all mutual funds, past performance (before and after taxes) is not a prediction of future results. Updated performance information is available on our website at www.transamerica.com/investments-fund-center or by calling 1-888-233-4339.

**Management:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* |
| Bradley D. Doyle, CFA | Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |
| Charles Foster, CFA | Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |
| Sivakumar N. Rajan | Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |

---

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares:** You may purchase, exchange or redeem shares of the fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business, online or through our website at www.transamerica.com, by mail to Transamerica Fund Services,

------

Inc., P.O. Box 219945, Kansas City, MO 64121-9945, by telephone at 1-888-233-4339, by overnight mail to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc., 330 W. 9th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105 or through a financial intermediary.

Class R6 shares are intended for purchase by certain Transamerica-sponsored asset allocation funds, as well as participants in certain eligible accounts such as 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans, defined-benefit plans, non-qualified deferred compensation plans, IRAs and participants in certain health savings plans and health savings accounts under Section 223 of the Internal Revenue Code (eligible plans). For applicable plans, Class R6 shares are available only when a plan's recordkeeper or financial service firm serving as an intermediary has an agreement with Transamerica Funds, and in such eligible plans where Class R6 shares are held on the books of the funds through omnibus or Network Level 3 accounts (either at the plan level or at the level of the financial service firm serving as an intermediary).

The minimum initial purchase for Class A and C shares is $1,000; the minimum subsequent investment is $50. The minimum initial purchase for payroll deduction and automatic investment plans is $500; the minimum subsequent investment is $50 per monthly fund account investment. The minimum investment for Class I shares is $1,000,000. There is no minimum investment for eligible plans investing in Class R6 shares.

**Tax Information:** Fund distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. In that case, you may be taxed when you take a distribution from such plan, depending on the type of plan, the circumstances of your distribution and other factors.

**Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries:** If you purchase the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the fund and/or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

------

**Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity**

**Investment Objective:**

Seeks to maximize long-term growth.

**Fees and Expenses:** This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the fund. **You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.**

You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Transamerica Funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the "Waivers and Reductions of Sales Charges" section of the fund's prospectus, in the Appendix – "Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries," and in the fund's statement of additional information (SAI) under the heading "Purchase of Shares."

------

**Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Class:** | **A** | **I** | **R6** |
| Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on <br> purchases (as a percentage of offering price)<br>| 5.50% |  |  |
| Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a <br> percentage of purchase price or redemption <br> proceeds, whichever is lower)<br>| None<sup>1</sup>  |  |  |

---

<sup>1</sup> Purchases of Class A shares in amounts of $1 million or more that are not subject to an initial sales charge may be subject to a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge if those shares are redeemed within 24 months of their purchase.

------

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Class:** | **A** | **I** | **R6** |
| Management fees | 0.48% | 0.48% | 0.48% |
| Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% |  |  |
| Other expenses<sup>1</sup> <br>| 1.58% | 1.54% | 1.45% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses | 2.31% | 2.02% | 1.93% |
| Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement<sup>2</sup> <br>| 1.36% | 1.37% | 1.38% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses after fee <br> waiver and/or expense reimbursement<br>| 0.95% | 0.65% | 0.55% |

---

Other expenses are based on estimates for the current fiscal year.

Contractual arrangements have been made with the fund's investment manager, Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM"), through March 1, 2025 to waive fees and/or reimburse fund expenses to the extent that total annual fund operating expenses exceed 0.95% for Class A shares, 0.65% for Class I shares and 0.55% for Class R6 shares, excluding, as applicable, acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on securities sold short, extraordinary expenses and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the fund's business. These arrangements cannot be terminated prior to March 1, 2025 without the Board of Trustees' consent. TAM is permitted to recapture amounts waived and/or reimbursed to a class during any of the 36 months from the date on which TAM waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses for the class if the class' total annual fund operating expenses have fallen to a level below the limits described above. In no case will TAM recapture any amount that would result, on any particular business day of the fund, in the class' total annual operating expenses exceeding the applicable limits described above or any other lower limit then in effect.

**Example:** This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all shares at the end of those periods (unless otherwise indicated). The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects applicable waivers and/or reimbursements for the duration of such arrangement(s). Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **1 year** | **3 years** |
| Class A | $642  | $976 |
| Class I | $66 | $359 |
| Class R6 | $56 | $329 |

---

**Portfolio Turnover:** The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the fund's performance. Portfolio turnover rate is not included because the fund did not commence operations until the date of this prospectus.

**Principal Investment Strategies:** The fund's sub-adviser, Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. (the "sub-adviser"), invests primarily in equity securities, principally common and preferred stocks of U.S. large capitalization companies which, in the sub-adviser's view, exhibit potential for growth and have favorable Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") characteristics. Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amounts of borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in securities of U.S. large cap companies that have been assigned a "Strong" ESG rating by the sub-adviser. The fund considers large cap companies to be those with a market cap within the market-cap range of the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index at the initial time of purchase in the fund. As of December 31, 2022, the market cap range of the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index was between $[ ] and $[ ].

The sub-adviser combines fundamental research with independent ESG research in an effort to identify reasonably priced stocks of companies with accelerating or underappreciated earnings potential and favorable ESG characteristics. The fund utilizes an active, fundamental, bottom-up approach to investing in domestic equity securities. The sub-adviser enhances its fundamental research by using sustainability analysis to assign an ESG rating to potential investments as described below.

From a fundamental research perspective, the sub-adviser uses an in-depth due diligence process to identify companies that it believes possess the following characteristics:

• Sustainable business model

• Durable competitive advantage

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Underappreciated earnings growth

• Asymmetrical risk/reward

• Compelling valuation

• Strong balance sheets

• Superior company management

The sub-adviser uses a due diligence process to critically assess each investment opportunity from an ESG perspective. This proprietary ESG research process generally includes interviews with key management team contacts, reviews of material sustainability metrics from public filings and third-party data, and additional independent research.

The sub-adviser's analysis of a company's ESG profile focuses on materiality of ESG factors to the company and expected impact on shareholder value, varies by sector, and is specific to each company. Environmental factors considered may include climate change and energy transition, social factors considered may include human capital management and data security practices, and governance factors considered may include ESG oversight and executive and board compensation. The output of the sub-adviser's proprietary ESG research process is a report that includes a standardized evaluation ("ESG Rating") of "Strong," "Neutral," or "Weak" for each company. The sub-adviser's analytical framework evaluates companies across the following three ESG pillars:

• Product or Service Impact (What a company makes),

• Operating Environmental & Social Practices (How a company makes their products)

• Governance & Risks (How a company manages risks in making the product)

The sub-adviser's ESG evaluation accounts for how a business compares on each pillar relative to its industry peers, the market cap size of the company, and the sub-adviser's views of both the company's current status as well as its improvement over time.

Securities are eligible for investment by the fund if approved by the sub-adviser's Investment Committee from a fundamental research standpoint. Next, only those companies that have been assigned a "Strong" ESG Rating by the sub-adviser are eligible for inclusion in the fund. Securities that are rated "Neutral" or "Weak" by this process are not eligible for inclusion in the fund. The sub-adviser constructs the fund's portfolio taking into consideration each company's ESG Rating, business quality, growth outlook, valuation, and analyst conviction. Additional considerations by the sub-adviser include existing exposures, thematic overlap, and macro environment.

The fund will typically consist of approximately 35 to 50 equity securities. Generally, no equity position will exceed the greater of either five percent of the fund or two percent more than the security's weight in the fund's benchmark, the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index, both valued at market. Non-U.S. stocks, including American Depository Receipts (ADRs), are limited to 15% of the fund's net assets. The fund is a non-diversified fund, meaning that a larger percentage of its assets may be invested in fewer issuers.

The sub-adviser generally employs a fully invested strategy. Therefore, under normal market conditions, cash and cash equivalents will generally be less than 10% of the fund's net assets.

All investments by the fund, with the exception of cash and cash equivalents, are subject to the sub-adviser's sustainability analysis.

<sup>1</sup> "Russell<sup>®</sup>" and other service marks and trademarks related to the Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies.

**Principal Risks:** Risk is inherent in all investing. Many factors and risks affect the fund's performance, including those described below. The value of your investment in the fund, as well as the amount of return you receive on your investment, may fluctuate significantly day to day and over time. You may lose part or all of your investment in the fund or your investment may not perform as well as other similar investments. The following is a summary description of principal risks (in alphabetical order after certain key risks) of investing in the fund. An investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. **You may lose money if you invest in this fund.**

**Market** – The market prices of the fund's securities or other assets may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions, overall economic trends or events, inflation, changes in interest rates, governmental actions or interventions, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by tariffs, trade disputes or other factors, political developments, armed conflicts, economic sanctions, cybersecurity events, investor sentiment, public health events such as the spread of infectious disease, and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. If the market prices of the fund's securities and assets fall, the value of your investment in the fund could go down.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Events or circumstances in one or more countries or regions could be highly disruptive to, and have profound impacts on, global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the fund's investments may go down.

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic, the large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the rise of inflation have resulted in extreme volatility in the global economy and in global financial markets. These events could be prolonged and could continue to adversely affect the value and liquidity of the fund's investments, impair the fund's ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the fund's performance.

**Equity Securities** – Equity securities generally have greater risk of loss than debt securities. Stock markets are volatile and the value of equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of equity securities fluctuates based on real or perceived changes in a company's financial condition, factors affecting a particular industry or industries, and overall market, economic and political conditions. If the market prices of the equity securities owned by the fund fall, the value of your investment in the fund will decline. The fund may lose its entire investment in the equity securities of an issuer. A change in financial condition or other event affecting a single issuer may adversely impact securities markets as a whole.

------

**Growth Stocks** – Returns on growth stocks may not move in tandem with returns on other categories of stocks or the market as a whole. Growth stocks typically are particularly sensitive to market movements and may involve larger price swings because their market prices tend to reflect future expectations. When it appears those expectations may not be met, the prices of growth stocks typically fall. Growth stocks may also be more volatile because they often do not pay dividends. The values of growth stocks tend to go down when interest rates rise because the rise in interest rates reduces the current value of future cash flows. Growth stocks as a group may be out of favor and underperform the overall equity market for a long period of time, for example, while the market favors "value" stocks.

**Sustainability Investing –** Applying the sub-adviser's sustainability assessment framework to its investment analysis for the fund may impact the sub-adviser's investment decisions as to securities of certain issuers and, therefore, the fund may forgo some investment opportunities available to funds that do not apply sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. Applying sustainability criteria may impact the fund's exposure to risks associated with certain issuers, industries and sectors, which may impact the fund's investment performance. Securities of companies meeting the sub-adviser's sustainability criteria may shift into and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions, and the fund's performance may at times be better or worse than the performance of similar funds that do not utilize sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. "Sustainability" is not a uniformly defined characteristic and applying sustainability criteria involves subjective assessment. The fund's investments may include securities of issuers that derive revenue from non-sustainable activities. Sustainability information from third party data providers may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable, which could lead to an incorrect assessment of a company's sustainability characteristics.

**Focused Investing –** To the extent the fund invests in a limited number of countries, regions, sectors, industries or market segments, in a limited number of issuers, or in issuers in related businesses or that are subject to related operating risks, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those countries, regions, sectors, industries, segments or issuers, and the value of its shares may be more volatile than if it invested more widely.

**Non-Diversification –** As a "non-diversified" fund, the fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. Investing in a smaller number of issuers will make the fund more susceptible to negative events affecting those issuers.

**Valuation** – The sales price the fund could receive for any particular portfolio investment may differ from the fund's valuation of the investment, particularly for securities that trade in thin or volatile markets, that are priced based upon valuations provided by third party pricing services that use matrix or evaluated pricing systems, or that are valued using a fair value methodology. These differences may increase significantly and affect fund investments more broadly during periods of market volatility. Investors who purchase or redeem fund shares on days when the fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive fewer or more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the fund had not fair-valued securities or had used a different

valuation methodology. The fund's ability to value its investments may also be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgment, which may prove to be incorrect.

**Management** – The value of your investment may go down if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's judgments and decisions are incorrect or otherwise do not produce the desired results, or if the investment strategy does not work as intended. You may also suffer losses if there are imperfections, errors or limitations in the quantitative, analytic or other tools, resources, information and data used, investment techniques applied, or the analyses employed or relied on, by the investment manager or sub-adviser, if such tools, resources, information or data are used incorrectly or otherwise do not work as intended, or if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's investment style is out of favor or otherwise fails to produce the desired results. Any of these things could cause the fund to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

**Active Trading** – The fund may purchase and sell securities without regard to the length of time held. Active trading may be more pronounced during periods of market volatility, may have a negative impact on performance and may generate greater amounts of short-term capital gains.

**Currency** – The value of a fund's investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers may also be affected by currency risk. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could reduce or eliminate investment gains or add to investment losses. A fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure or any hedge may not be effective.

**Depositary Receipts** – Depositary receipts are generally subject to the same risks as are the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted, and they may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. In addition, depositary receipts expose the fund to risk associated with the non-uniform terms that apply to depositary receipt programs, credit exposure to the depositary bank and to the sponsors and other parties with whom the depositary bank establishes the programs. Holders of depositary receipts may have limited voting rights, and investment restrictions in certain countries may adversely impact the value of depositary receipts because such restrictions may limit the ability to convert equity shares into depositary receipts and vice versa.

**Foreign Investments** – Investing in securities of foreign issuers or issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets involves additional risks. Foreign markets can be less liquid, less regulated, less transparent and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of the fund's foreign investments may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, because of factors affecting the particular issuer as well as foreign markets and issuers generally, such as unfavorable government actions, including nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, reduction of government or central bank support, tariffs and trade disruptions, sanctions, political or financial instability, social unrest or other adverse economic or political

------

developments. Foreign investments may also be subject to different accounting practices and different regulatory, legal, auditing, financial reporting and recordkeeping standards and practices, and may be more difficult to value than investments in U.S. issuers. Certain foreign clearance and settlement procedures may result in an inability to execute transactions or delays in settlement.

**Large Capitalization Companies –** The fund's investments in larger, more established companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.

**Large Shareholder –** A significant portion of the fund's shares may be owned by other funds sponsored by Transamerica. Transactions by these funds may be disruptive to the management of the fund. For example, the fund may experience large redemptions and could be required to sell securities at a time when it may not otherwise desire to do so. Such transactions may increase the fund's brokerage and/or other transaction costs. These transactions may also accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments resulted in gains. In addition, sizeable redemptions could cause the fund's total expenses to increase.

**Liquidity** – The fund may make investments that are illiquid or that become illiquid after purchase. Illiquid investments can be difficult to value, may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments, and may be subject to wide fluctuations in value. Liquidity risk may be magnified in rising interest rate environments. If the fund is forced to sell an illiquid investment to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. Liquidity of particular investments, or even entire asset classes, including U.S. Treasury securities, can deteriorate rapidly, particularly during times of market turmoil, and those investments may be difficult or impossible for the fund to sell. This may prevent the fund from limiting losses.

**Small and Medium Capitalization Companies –** The fund will be exposed to additional risks as a result of its investments in the securities of small or medium capitalization companies. Small or medium capitalization companies may be more at risk than large capitalization companies because, among other things, they may have limited product lines, operating history, market or financial resources, or because they may depend on a limited management group. Securities of small and medium capitalization companies may be more volatile than and may underperform large capitalization companies, may be harder to sell at times and at prices the portfolio managers believe appropriate and may offer greater potential for losses.

**Performance:** No performance is shown for the fund. Performance information will appear in a future version of this prospectus once the fund has a full calendar year of performance information to report to investors.

The fund's benchmark is the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Total Return Index<sup>1</sup>.

Absent any applicable fee waivers and/or expense limitations, performance would be lower.

As with all mutual funds, past performance (before and after taxes) is not a prediction of future results. Updated performance information is available on our website at www.transamerica.com/investments-fund-center or by calling 1-888-233-4339.

<sup>1</sup>

"Russell<sup>®</sup>" and other service marks and trademarks related to the Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies.

**Management:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.<br> *Portfolio Managers:* |
| Paul D. McHugh, CFA | Lead Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |
| William R. Gilchrist | Co-Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |

---

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares:** You may purchase, exchange or redeem shares of the fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business, online or through our website at www.transamerica.com, by mail to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc., P.O. Box 219945, Kansas City, MO 64121-9945, by telephone at 1-888-233-4339, by overnight mail to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc., 330 W. 9th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105 or through a financial intermediary.

Class R6 shares are intended for purchase by certain Transamerica-sponsored asset allocation funds, as well as participants in certain eligible accounts such as 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans, defined-benefit plans, non-qualified deferred compensation plans, IRAs and participants in certain health savings plans and health savings accounts under Section 223 of the Internal Revenue Code (eligible plans). For applicable plans, Class R6 shares are available only when a plan's recordkeeper or financial service firm serving as an intermediary has an agreement with Transamerica Funds, and in such eligible plans where Class R6 shares are held on the books of the funds through omnibus or Network Level 3 accounts (either at the plan level or at the level of the financial service firm serving as an intermediary).

The minimum initial purchase for Class A shares is $1,000; the minimum subsequent investment is $50. The minimum initial purchase for payroll deduction and automatic investment plan is $500; the minimum subsequent investment is $50 per monthly fund account investment. The minimum investment for Class I shares is $1,000,000. There is no minimum investment for eligible plans investing in Class R6 shares.

**Tax Information:** Fund distributions may be taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. In that case, you may be taxed when you take a distribution from such plan, depending on the type of plan, the circumstances of your distribution and other factors.

**Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries:** If you purchase the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the fund and/or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

------

**Transamerica UltraShort Bond**

**Investment Objective:**

Seeks a high level of income consistent with minimal fluctuation in principal value and liquidity.

**Fees and Expenses:** This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the fund. **You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.**

You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Transamerica Funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, in the "Waivers and Reductions of Sales Charges" section of the fund's prospectus, in the Appendix – "Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries," and in the fund's statement of additional information (SAI) under the heading "Purchase of Shares."

------

**Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)** 

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Class:** | **A** | **C** | **I** | **R6** |
| Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on <br> purchases (as a percentage of offering price)<br>| [ ]% | [ ]% |  |  |
| Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a <br> percentage of purchase price or redemption <br> proceeds, whichever is lower)<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>| [ ] | [ ] |  |  |

---

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)** 

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Class:** | **A** | **C** | **I** | **R6** |
| Management fees | 0.17% | 0.17% | 0.17% | 0.17% |
| Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% | 1.00% |  |  |
| Other expenses<sup>1</sup> <br>| 0.48% | 0.48% | 0.46% | 0.35% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses | 0.90% | 1.65% | 0.63% | 0.52% |
| Fee waiver and/or expense <br> reimbursement<sup>2</sup> <br>| 0.21% | 0.29% | 0.28% | 0.22% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses <br> after fee waiver and/or expense <br> reimbursement<br>| 0.69% | 1.36% | 0.35% | 0.30% |

---

Other expenses are based on estimates for the current fiscal year.

Contractual arrangements have been made with the fund's investment manager, Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM"), through March 1, 2025 to waive fees and/or reimburse fund expenses to the extent that total annual fund operating expenses exceed 0.69% for Class A shares, 1.36% for Class C shares, 0.35% for Class I shares and 0.30% for Class R6 shares, excluding, as applicable, acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on securities sold short, extraordinary expenses and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the fund's business. These arrangements cannot be terminated prior to March 1, 2025 without the Board of Trustees' consent. TAM is permitted to recapture amounts waived and/or reimbursed to a class during any of the 36 months from the date on which TAM waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses for the class if the class' total annual fund operating expenses have fallen to a level below the limits described above. In no case will TAM recapture any amount that would result, on any particular business day of the fund, in the class' total annual operating expenses exceeding the applicable limits described above or any other lower limit then in effect.

**Example:** This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all shares at the end of those periods (unless otherwise indicated). The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects applicable waivers and/or reimbursements for the duration of such arrangement(s). Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

------

**If the shares are redeemed at the end of each period:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **1 year** | **3 years** |
| Class A | $[ ] | $[ ] |
| Class C | $[ ] | $[ ] |
| Class I | $[36]  | $[144] |
| Class R6 | $[31]  | $[121] |

---

**If the shares are not redeemed:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **1 year** | **3 years** |
| Class A | $[ ] | $[ ] |
| Class C | $[ ] | $[ ] |
| Class I | $[36]  | $[144] |
| Class R6 | $[31]  | $[121] |

---

**Portfolio Turnover:** The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the fund's performance. Portfolio turnover rate is not included because the fund did not commence operations until the date of this prospectus.

**Principal Investment Strategies:** The fund's sub-adviser, Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC (the "sub-adviser"), seeks to achieve the fund's objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the fund's net assets (plus the amount of borrowings, if any, for investment purposes) in fixed-income securities. The fund's portfolio weighted average duration will typically range from 0.25 to 1.25 years. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. The longer a security's duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates.

Securities in which the fund may invest include:

• corporate debt securities of issuers in the U.S. and in developed foreign markets;

• obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities;

• commercial paper;

• asset-backed securities and mortgage-backed securities, including commercial mortgage-backed securities;

• repurchase agreements;

• certificates of deposit and other bank obligations; and

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• U.S. dollar-denominated debt securities of emerging market issuers, including corporate and sovereign issuers.

The fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in high-yield debt securities (commonly known as "junk bonds"). Junk bonds are high-risk debt securities rated below investment grade (that is, securities rated below BBB by Standard & Poor's or Fitch or below Baa by Moody's or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by the fund's sub-adviser). The fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in emerging markets. The sub-adviser considers emerging markets countries as countries that major international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, generally consider to be less economically mature than developed nations.

The sub-adviser uses a combination of a global "top-down" analysis of the macroeconomic and interest rate environment and proprietary "bottom-up" research of corporate, government and agency debt, and other debt instruments. In the sub-adviser's "top-down" approach, the sub-adviser analyzes various fundamental, technical, sentiment and valuation factors that affect the movements of markets and securities prices worldwide. In its proprietary "bottom-up" research, the sub-adviser considers various fundamental and other factors, such as creditworthiness, capital structure, covenants, cash flows and, as applicable, collateral. The sub-adviser uses this combined "top-down" and "bottom-up" approach to determine asset class, sector, security, yield curve, and duration positions for the fund. The sub-adviser's research analysts also consider environmental, social and governance ("ESG") matters, alongside traditional credit metrics, within their analytical process as a risk management tool and as a method to identify financially material ESG factors and arrive at an independent, comprehensive view of certain investments. This usage of ESG matters is sometimes referred to as "ESG integration." The sub-adviser's research analysts consider ESG factors only for certain securities including corporate debt securities of public and private companies (except for commercial paper as noted below), sovereign debt securities and asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities. The sub-adviser's research analysts do not consider ESG factors when analyzing commercial paper issued by public and private companies, repurchase agreements, and certificates of deposit and other bank obligations. The sub-adviser's research analysts may conclude that other attributes of an investment outweigh ESG considerations when making investment recommendations to the fund's portfolio managers. Consideration of ESG matters is subjective and not determinative in the sub-adviser's investment process.

The fund may, but is not required to, engage in certain investment strategies involving derivatives, such as options, futures and swaps, including, but not limited to, interest rate, total return and credit default swaps. These investment strategies may be employed as a hedging technique, as a means of altering investment characteristics of the fund's portfolio (such as shortening or lengthening duration), in an attempt to enhance returns or for other purposes.

The fund may purchase securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis.

**Principal Risks:** Risk is inherent in all investing. Many factors and risks affect the fund's performance, including those described below. The value of your investment in the fund, as well as the amount of return you receive on your investment, may fluctuate significantly day to day and over time. You may lose part or all of your investment in the fund or your investment may not perform as well as other similar investments. The following is a summary description of principal risks (in alphabetical order after certain key risks) of investing in the fund. An investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. **You may lose money if you invest in this fund.**

**Market** – The market prices of the fund's securities or other assets may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions, overall economic trends or events, inflation, changes in interest rates, governmental actions or interventions, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by tariffs, trade disputes or other factors, political developments, armed conflicts, economic sanctions, cybersecurity events, investor sentiment, public health events such as the spread of infectious disease, and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. If the market prices of the fund's securities and assets fall, the value of your investment in the fund could go down.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Events or circumstances in one or more countries or regions could be highly disruptive to, and have profound impacts on, global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the fund's investments may go down.

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic, the large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the rise of inflation have resulted in extreme volatility in the global economy and in global financial markets. These events could be prolonged and could continue to adversely affect the value and liquidity of the fund's investments, impair the fund's ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the fund's performance.

**Fixed-Income Securities** – Risks of fixed-income securities include credit risk, interest rate risk, counterparty risk, prepayment risk, extension risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk. The value of fixed-income securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, due to general market conditions, such as real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions, tariffs and trade disruptions, inflation, changes in interest rates, lack of liquidity in the bond markets or adverse investor sentiment. In addition, the value of a fixed-income security may decline if the issuer or other obligor of the security fails to pay principal and/or interest, otherwise defaults or has its credit rating downgraded or is perceived to be less creditworthy, or the credit quality or value of any underlying assets declines. If the value of fixed-income securities owned by the fund falls, the value of your investment will go down. The fund may lose its entire investment in the fixed-income securities of an issuer.

------

**Interest Rate** –The value of fixed-income securities generally goes down when interest rates rise. A rise in rates tends to have a greater impact on the prices of longer term or duration securities. Changes in interest rates also may affect the liquidity of the fund's investments. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to sell fixed-income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed-income securities generally and could also result in increased redemptions from the fund. Increased redemptions could cause the fund to sell securities at inopportune times or depressed prices and result in further losses.

**Inflation –** The value of assets or income from investment may be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the fund's assets can decline as can the value of the fund's distributions.

**Credit** – If an issuer or other obligor (such as a party providing insurance or other credit enhancement) of a security held by the fund or a counterparty to a financial contract with the fund is unable or unwilling to meet its financial obligations, or is downgraded or perceived to be less creditworthy (whether by market participants or otherwise), or if the value of any underlying assets declines, the value of your investment will typically decline. A decline may be rapid and/or significant, particularly in certain market environments. In addition, the fund may incur costs and may be hindered or delayed in enforcing its rights against an issuer, obligor or counterparty.

**High-Yield Debt Securities** – High-yield debt securities, commonly referred to as "junk" bonds, are securities that are rated below "investment grade" or are of comparable quality. Changes in interest rates, the market's perception of the issuers, the creditworthiness of the issuers and negative perceptions of the junk bond market generally may significantly affect the value of these bonds. Junk bonds are considered speculative, tend to be volatile, typically have a higher risk of default, tend to be less liquid and more difficult to value than higher grade securities, and may result in losses for the fund.

**Mortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Securities –** The value of mortgage-related and asset-backed securities will be influenced by factors affecting the housing market and the assets underlying such securities. As a result, during periods of declining asset values, difficult or frozen credit markets, swings in interest rates, or deteriorating economic conditions, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities may decline in value, face valuation difficulties, become more volatile and/or become illiquid, which could negatively impact the fund. Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are collateralized by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property. Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as installment sales or loan contracts, leases, credit card receivables and other categories of receivables. The value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may be affected by changes in credit quality or value of the mortgage loans or other assets that support the securities. Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment or call and extension risks. Some of these securities may receive little or no collateral protection from the underlying assets.

**Extension** – When interest rates rise, payments of fixed-income securities, including asset- and mortgage-backed securities, may occur more slowly than anticipated, causing their market prices to decline.

**Prepayment or Call** – Many issuers have a right to prepay their fixed-income securities. If this happens, the fund will not benefit from the rise in the market price of the securities that normally accompanies a decline in interest rates and may be forced to reinvest the prepayment proceeds in securities with lower yields.

**Emerging Markets** – Investments in securities of issuers located or doing business in emerging markets are subject to heightened foreign investments risks and may experience rapid and extreme changes in value. Emerging market countries tend to have less developed and less stable economic, political and legal systems and regulatory and accounting standards, may have policies that restrict investment by foreigners or that prevent foreign investors such as the fund from withdrawing their money at will, and are more likely to experience nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. In addition, emerging market securities may have low trading volumes and may be or become illiquid.

**Counterparty** – The fund could lose money if the counterparties to derivatives, repurchase agreements and other financial contracts entered into for the fund do not fulfill their contractual obligations. In addition, the fund may incur costs and may be hindered or delayed in enforcing its rights against a counterparty.

**Management** – The value of your investment may go down if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's judgments and decisions are incorrect or otherwise do not produce the desired results, or if the investment strategy does not work as intended. You may also suffer losses if there are imperfections, errors or limitations in the quantitative, analytic or other tools, resources, information and data used, investment techniques applied, or the analyses employed or relied on, by the investment manager or sub-adviser, if such tools, resources, information or data are used incorrectly or otherwise do not work as intended, or if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's investment style is out of favor or otherwise fails to produce the desired results. Any of these things could cause the fund to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

**Active Trading** – The fund may purchase and sell securities without regard to the length of time held. Active trading may be more pronounced during periods of market volatility, may have a negative impact on performance and may generate greater amounts of short-term capital gains.

**Bank Obligations –** Banks are sensitive to changes in money market and general economic conditions. Banks are highly regulated. Decisions by regulators may limit the loans banks make, affect the interest rates and fees they charge and reduce bank profitability.

**Currency** – The value of a fund's investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers may also be affected by currency risk. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could reduce or eliminate investment gains or add to investment losses. A fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure or any hedge may not be effective.

------

**Derivatives** – The use of derivatives involves a variety of risks, which may be different from, or greater than, the risks associated with investing in traditional securities, such as stocks and bonds. Risks of derivatives include leverage risk, liquidity risk, valuation risk, market risk, counterparty risk, credit risk, operational risk and legal risk. Use of derivatives can increase fund losses, increase costs, reduce opportunities for gains, increase fund volatility, and not produce the result intended. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. Even a small investment in derivatives can have a disproportionate impact on the fund. Derivatives may be difficult or impossible to sell, unwind or value, and the counterparty (including, if applicable, the fund's clearing broker, the derivatives exchange or the clearinghouse) may default on its obligations to the fund. In certain cases, the fund may incur costs and may be hindered or delayed in enforcing its rights against or closing out derivatives instruments with a counterparty, which may result in additional losses. Derivatives are also generally subject to the risks applicable to the assets, rates, indices or other indicators underlying the derivative, including market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, management and valuation risk. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances or at reasonable prices. The value of a derivative may fluctuate more or less than, or otherwise not correlate well with, the underlying assets, rates, indices or other indicators to which it relates. The fund may segregate cash or other liquid assets to cover the funding of its obligations under derivatives contracts or make margin payments when it takes positions in derivatives involving obligations to third parties. New Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act provides a comprehensive regulatory framework for the use of derivatives by funds and imposes new requirements and restrictions on funds using derivatives. Rule 18f-4 could have an adverse impact on the fund's performance and its ability to implement its investment strategies as it has historically and may increase costs related to the fund's use of derivatives. It is not currently clear what impact, if any, the rule will have on the availability, liquidity or performance of derivatives. The rule may not be effective to limit the risk of loss from derivatives.

**Distressed or Defaulted Securities –** Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers, including securities that are, or may be, involved in reorganizations or other financial restructurings, either out of court or in bankruptcy, involve substantial risks in addition to the risks of investing in high-yield debt securities. These securities are considered speculative. The fund may incur costs to protect its investment, and the fund could lose its entire investment. Distressed securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale.

**Focused Investing –** To the extent the fund invests in a limited number of countries, regions, sectors, industries or market segments, in a limited number of issuers, or in issuers in related businesses or that are subject to related operating risks, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those countries, regions, sectors, industries, segments or issuers, and the value of its shares may be more volatile than if it invested more widely.

**Foreign Investments** – Investing in securities of foreign issuers or issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets involves additional risks. Foreign markets can be less liquid, less regulated, less transparent and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of

the fund's foreign investments may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, because of factors affecting the particular issuer as well as foreign markets and issuers generally, such as unfavorable government actions, including nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, reduction of government or central bank support, tariffs and trade disruptions, sanctions, political or financial instability, social unrest or other adverse economic or political developments. Foreign investments may also be subject to different accounting practices and different regulatory, legal, auditing, financial reporting and recordkeeping standards and practices, and may be more difficult to value than investments in U.S. issuers. Certain foreign clearance and settlement procedures may result in an inability to execute transactions or delays in settlement.

**Hedging** – The fund may buy and sell futures contracts, put and call options, forward contracts and other instruments as a hedge. The fund's hedging strategies may not work as intended, and the fund may be in a less favorable position than if it had not used a hedging instrument.

**Inflation-Protected Securities –** Inflation-protected debt securities may react differently from other types of debt securities and tend to react to changes in "real" interest rates, which represent nominal (stated) interest rates reduced by the expected impact of inflation. In general, the price of an inflation-protected debt security can fall when real interest rates rise, and can rise when real interest rates fall. Interest payments on inflation-protected debt securities can be unpredictable and will vary as the principal and/or interest is adjusted for inflation.

**Large Shareholder –** A significant portion of the fund's shares may be owned by other funds sponsored by Transamerica. Transactions by these funds may be disruptive to the management of the fund. For example, the fund may experience large redemptions and could be required to sell securities at a time when it may not otherwise desire to do so. Such transactions may increase the fund's brokerage and/or other transaction costs. These transactions may also accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments resulted in gains. In addition, sizeable redemptions could cause the fund's total expenses to increase.

**Leveraging** – To the extent that the fund borrows or uses derivatives or other investments, such as ETFs, that have embedded leverage, your investment may be subject to heightened volatility, risk of loss and costs. Other risks also will be compounded because leverage generally magnifies the effect of a change in the value of an asset and creates a risk of loss of value on a larger pool of assets than the fund would otherwise have. Use of leverage may result in the loss of a substantial amount, and possibly all, of the fund's assets. The fund also may have to sell assets at inopportune times to satisfy its obligations.

**LIBOR –** Many financial instruments, financings or other transactions to which the fund may be a party use or may use a floating rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). The UK Financial Conduct Authority and LIBOR's administrator announced that the use of LIBOR will be phased out; most LIBOR rates are no longer published as of the end of 2021 and a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR rates will no longer be published after June 30, 2023. It is possible that a subset of LIBOR rates may be published after these dates on a "synthetic" basis, but any such

------

publications would be considered non-representative of the underlying market. There remains uncertainty regarding the nature of any replacement rate and the impact of the transition from LIBOR on the fund, issuers of instruments in which the fund invests, and financial markets generally. As such, the potential effect of a transition away from LIBOR on the fund or the fund's investments cannot yet be determined.

**Liquidity** – The fund may make investments that are illiquid or that become illiquid after purchase. Illiquid investments can be difficult to value, may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments, and may be subject to wide fluctuations in value. Liquidity risk may be magnified in rising interest rate environments. If the fund is forced to sell an illiquid investment to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. Liquidity of particular investments, or even entire asset classes, including U.S. Treasury securities, can deteriorate rapidly, particularly during times of market turmoil, and those investments may be difficult or impossible for the fund to sell. This may prevent the fund from limiting losses.

**Privately Placed and Other Restricted Securities –** Restricted securities, which include private placements of private and public companies, are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale. Restricted securities may be difficult to sell at the time and price a fund prefers. Restricted securities may be difficult to value properly and may involve greater risks than securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale, both of which may result in substantial losses. An insufficient number of eligible buyers interested in purchasing restricted securities held by a fund could adversely affect the marketability of such securities and a fund might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices, adversely affecting a fund's overall liquidity and performance. Restricted securities may not be listed on an exchange and may have no active trading market. A fund may incur additional expense when disposing of restricted securities. Restricted securities may involve a high degree of business and financial risk and may result in substantial losses to the fund.

**Repurchase Agreements –** In a repurchase agreement, the fund purchases securities from a broker-dealer or a bank, called the counterparty, upon the agreement of the counterparty to repurchase the securities from the fund at a later date, and at a specified price. The securities purchased serve as the fund's collateral for the obligation of the counterparty to repurchase the securities. If the counterparty does not repurchase the securities, the fund is entitled to sell the securities, but the fund may not be able to sell them for the price at which they were purchased, thus causing a loss. If the counterparty becomes insolvent, there is some risk that the fund will not have a right to the securities, or the immediate right to sell the securities.

**Sovereign Debt –** Sovereign debt instruments are subject to the risk that the governmental entity may delay or fail to pay interest or repay principal on its sovereign debt. If a governmental entity defaults, it may ask for more time in which to pay or for further loans, or the debt may be restructured. There may be no established legal process for collecting sovereign debt that a government does not pay, nor are there bankruptcy proceedings through which all or part of the sovereign debt that a governmental entity has not repaid may be collected.

**Sustainability and Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") Considerations –** Applying sustainability and/or ESG factors as part of the fund's security selection process may impact the sub-adviser's investment decisions. Sustainability and ESG factors are not uniformly defined and applying such factors involves subjective assessments. Sustainability and ESG ratings and assessments of issuers can vary across investment advisers (including sub-advisers) and third party data providers and may change over time. Sustainability and ESG factors can be difficult to apply consistently across issuers, regions, countries, industries or sectors. The application of these factors could negatively impact the fund's performance. Sustainability and ESG information from issuers and from third party data providers may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable, which could lead to an incorrect assessment of a company's sustainability or ESG characteristics.

**U.S. Government and Agency Obligations** – Government agency obligations have different levels of credit support and, therefore, different degrees of credit risk. Securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government that are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government generally present a lesser degree of credit risk than securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities sponsored by the U.S. government that are supported only by the issuer's right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury and securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities sponsored by the U.S. government that are supported only by the credit of the issuing agencies. A security backed by the "full faith and credit" of the U.S. government is guaranteed only as to its stated interest rate and face value at maturity, not its current market price.

**Valuation** – The sales price the fund could receive for any particular portfolio investment may differ from the fund's valuation of the investment, particularly for securities that trade in thin or volatile markets, that are priced based upon valuations provided by third party pricing services that use matrix or evaluated pricing systems, or that are valued using a fair value methodology. These differences may increase significantly and affect fund investments more broadly during periods of market volatility. Investors who purchase or redeem fund shares on days when the fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive fewer or more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the fund had not fair-valued securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The fund's ability to value its investments may also be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgment, which may prove to be incorrect.

**Yield –** The amount of income received by the fund will go up or down depending on day-to-day variations in short-term interest rates, and the fund's expenses could absorb all or a significant portion of the fund's income. If interest rates increase, the fund's yield may not increase proportionately.

**Performance:** No performance is shown for the fund. Performance information will appear in a future version of this prospectus once the fund has a full calendar year of performance information to report to investors.

The fund's benchmark is the Bloomberg Short-Term Government Corporate Index.

------

Absent any applicable fee waivers and/or expense limitations, performance would be lower.

As with all mutual funds, past performance (before and after taxes) is not a prediction of future results. Updated performance information is available on our website at www.transamerica.com/investments-fund-center or by calling 1-888-233-4339.

**Management:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* |
| Brian Barnhart, CFA | Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |
| Tyler Knight, CFA | Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |
| Calvin Norris, CFA | Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |

---

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares:** You may purchase, exchange or redeem shares of the fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business, online or through our website at www.transamerica.com, by mail to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc., P.O. Box 219945, Kansas City, MO 64121-9945, by telephone at 1-888-233-4339, by overnight mail to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc., 330 W. 9th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105 or through a financial intermediary.

Class R6 shares are intended for purchase by certain Transamerica-sponsored asset allocation funds, as well as participants in certain eligible accounts such as 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans, defined-benefit plans, non-qualified deferred compensation plans, IRAs and participants in certain health savings plans and health savings accounts under Section 223 of the Internal Revenue Code (eligible plans). For applicable plans, Class R6 shares are available only when a plan's recordkeeper or financial service firm serving as an intermediary has an agreement with Transamerica Funds, and in such eligible plans where Class R6 shares are held on the books of the funds through omnibus or Network Level 3 accounts (either at the plan level or at the level of the financial service firm serving as an intermediary).

The minimum initial purchase for Class A and C shares is $1,000; the minimum subsequent investment is $50. The minimum initial purchase for payroll deduction and automatic investment plans is $500; the minimum subsequent investment is $50 per monthly fund account investment. The minimum investment for Class I shares is $1,000,000. There is no minimum investment for eligible plans investing in Class R6 shares.

**Tax Information:** Fund distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. In that case, you may be taxed when you take a distribution from such plan, depending on the type of plan, the circumstances of your distribution and other factors.

**Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries:** If you purchase the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the fund and/or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

------

**More on Each Fund's Strategies and Investments**

The following provides additional information regarding each fund's strategies and investments described at the front of this prospectus. Except as otherwise expressly stated for a particular fund in this prospectus or in the statement of additional information or as required by law, there is no limit on the amount of each fund's assets that may be invested in a particular type of security or investment. Each fund's investment objective may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

**Transamerica International Sustainable Equity**: Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in common stock of companies in foreign developed and emerging markets (including frontier market countries), that the fund's sub-adviser, Calamos Advisors LLC (the "sub-adviser"), believes have above average growth potential and meet the sub-adviser's sustainability criteria. The fund will generally be invested in a minimum of five (5) countries outside the U.S.

The fund considers foreign (non-U.S.) companies to be those companies that either maintain their principal place of business outside of the United States, have their securities principally traded on non-U.S. exchanges or were formed under the laws of non-U.S. countries. Foreign companies may include companies doing business in the U.S. but meet the fund's general criteria of a foreign company described above. Emerging markets are markets of countries in the initial stages of industrialization and generally have low per capita income. Certain emerging markets are sometimes referred to as "frontier markets." Frontier markets are the least advanced capital markets in the developing world. Frontier markets are countries with investable stock markets that are less established than those in the emerging markets. To determine if a country is an emerging market or frontier market country, the sub-adviser will use the classification provided by MSCI, Inc. Foreign securities include American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") or securities guaranteed by a U.S. person but which represent underlying shares of foreign issuers, and may include foreign securities in the form of European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other securities representing underlying shares of foreign issuers.

The sub-adviser's stock selection process incorporates the sub-adviser's belief that companies able to sustain success over the long term share certain defining characteristics. The sub-adviser has found that these characteristics apply whether the company is an established global market leader or a smaller regional player with a new or better product. The sub-adviser believes that valuation is also an important aspect of stock selection and analyzes a company's stock price relative to its history, the market, and its peers in an effort to avoid overpaying for, what the sub-adviser considers to be, an excellent company. In its stock selection process, the sub-adviser screens out companies with $2 billion or less in market caps and less than $1 million in average daily trading volume.

The sub-adviser utilizes a proprietary environmental, social and governance ("ESG") rating system, considering both quantitative and qualitative factors, to identify what it considers to be responsible, engaged companies (companies that demonstrate awareness and action surrounding the material ESG issues facing their businesses and industries). The sub-adviser believes that a company's understanding of ESG principles demonstrates the qualities of innovation and leadership that create a distinct competitive advantage and build long-term value. The sub-adviser considers a company's position on various factors such as ecological limits, environmental stewardship, environmental strategies, stance on human rights and equality, societal impact as well as its corporate governance practices. The sub-adviser conducts fundamental research to find issuers it views as having attractive ESG and financial attributes. In conducting fundamental research, the sub-adviser combines traditional investment information with its proprietary three-pronged ESG process to identify investments which it believes promote certain environmental, social, and governance characteristics. The sub-adviser believes that its ESG process creates a full picture of how an issuer behaves commercially and how it deals with existing and emerging ESG risks and opportunities. The three-pronged ESG process consists of: 1) exclusionary screens; 2) materiality assessments; and 3) ESG impact scoring. The sub-adviser utilizes a range of data sources as part of its proprietary ESG ratings system. These data sources may include, but are not limited to: corporate disclosures, third-party research providers (e.g., MSCI ESG, Bloomberg, etc.), non-governmental organizations and non-profits (e.g., Greenpeace, Friends of Earth, etc.), academic publications, news services and memberships. The sub-adviser does not solely rely on the ESG ratings of any third-party research providers.

The sub-adviser's philosophy and process results in certain industries and business activities that are viewed as too environmentally risky or present social outcomes that are too unattractive to warrant investment consideration and are avoided through exclusionary screens. Those industries and businesses are: agricultural biotechnology, alcohol, animal testing, fossil fuels, gambling, metals/mining, nuclear energy, tobacco, and weapons. The sub-adviser will generally exclude a company from investment consideration to the extent the company derives more than 5% of its revenue or profits from such an industry or business activity. Regarding animal testing, the sub-adviser evaluates companies involved in animal testing on a case-by-case basis depending on purpose and methods.

The sub-adviser then applies third-party materiality mapping tools combined with its own insights and emphasis on ESG leadership to identify and analyze, what the sub-adviser believes to be, the key ESG risks and opportunities for a particular industry.

Overlaying these top-down and bottom-up approaches, the sub-adviser then utilizes a proprietary ESG scoring system, which considers both quantitative and qualitative factors to assign scores to potential fund investments. The sub-adviser's scoring system considers the sub-adviser's view of an issuer's position in respect of various ESG characteristics, including product contribution to a sustainable economy; product lifecycle innovation; operational efficiencies; inclusive finance; ensuring health and providing basic

------

services; as well as an issuer's corporate governance practices. Companies are scored by the sub-adviser on ESG characteristics in the following categories: product innovation, life-cycle analysis and design (i.e., sustainable procurement, packaging and end of life), operational efficiencies (carbon, energy, waste and water strategies), leadership and employee engagement, ESG disclosures, and human development and contribution (i.e., ensuring health, inclusive finance and providing basic services). A company must earn a score higher than 3 (on a 1-5 scale) in one of the identified categories to be considered by the sub-adviser for inclusion in the fund. All potential fund investments are assigned an ESG score and companies with an ESG score of 3 or lower are not eligible for investment by the fund.

The sub-adviser may sell stocks for several reasons, including when the stock no longer meets its ESG criteria, when the security declines in value, when the sub-adviser believes it is overvalued, or when it no longer reflects the investment thesis defined by the sub-adviser.

The fund generally seeks diversification by country and economic sector. The fund invests primarily in common stocks, ADRs, EDRs and GDRs.

The fund's sub-adviser will not typically utilize derivatives except for purchasing futures for cash equitization purposes or purchasing market access products to seek to achieve efficient investment exposure (e.g., instances where local markets may not be available for trading). The fund may also invest in exchange-traded funds for these purposes.

The fund may invest in China A-shares (equity securities of Chinese companies) listed and traded on Chinese stock exchanges such as the Shanghai Stock Exchange or the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

The fund may invest its assets in cash, cash equivalent securities or short-term debt securities, repurchase agreements and money market instruments. Under adverse or unstable market, economic or political conditions, the fund may take temporary defensive positions in cash and short-term debt securities without limit. Although the fund would do this only in seeking to avoid losses, the fund may be unable to pursue its investment objective during that time, and it could reduce the benefit from any upswing in the market. To the extent that the fund has any uninvested cash, the fund would also be subject to risk with respect to the depository institution holding the cash.

**Transamerica Long Credit:** The fund's sub-adviser, Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC (the "sub-adviser"), seeks to achieve the fund's objective by investing, under normal circumstances, primarily in investment grade debt securities, which may include: investment grade corporate securities, U.S. government obligations, mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, and private residential mortgage-backed securities. Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of borrowings, if any, for investment purposes) in fixed-income securities. The fund's portfolio weighted average duration will normally be more than 10 years. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. The longer a security's duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates.

Under normal circumstances, the fund's portfolio will have a dollar-weighted average credit rating of investment grade. Investment grade debt securities carry a rating of at least BBB from Standard & Poor's or Fitch or Baa from Moody's or are of comparable quality as determined by the sub-adviser. The fund may invest in securities of any maturity.

The fund may also invest in U.S. Treasury and agency securities, municipal bonds, asset-backed securities (including collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs"), collateralized bond obligations ("CBOs") and collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs")), commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS"), high quality short-term debt obligations and repurchase agreements. The fund's investments may include debt securities of foreign issuers, including emerging market debt securities. The fund may invest in securities that are denominated in U.S. dollars and in foreign currencies. The fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in emerging market debt securities. The sub-adviser considers emerging markets countries as countries that major international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, generally consider to be less economically mature than developed nations. The fund may invest up to 10% of its net assets in high-yield debt securities (commonly referred to as "junk bonds"). Junk bonds are high-risk debt securities rated below investment grade (that is, securities rated below BBB by Standard & Poor's or Fitch or below Baa by Moody's or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by the sub-adviser).

The sub-adviser uses a combination of a global "top-down" analysis of the macroeconomic and interest rate environment and proprietary "bottom-up" research of corporate, government and agency debt, and other debt instruments. In the sub-adviser's "top-down" approach, the sub-adviser analyzes various fundamental, technical, sentiment and valuation factors that affect the movements of markets and securities prices worldwide. In its proprietary "bottom-up" research, the sub-adviser considers various fundamental and other factors, such as creditworthiness, capital structure, covenants, cash flows and, as applicable, collateral. The sub-adviser uses this combined "top-down" and "bottom-up" approach to determine asset class, sector, security, yield curve, and duration positions for the fund. The sub-adviser's research analysts also integrate environmental, social and governance ("ESG") matters within their analytical process for corporate debt, sovereign debt and securitized issuers alongside traditional credit metrics as a risk management tool and as a method to identify financially material ESG factors and arrive at an independent, comprehensive view of the investment. ESG factors considered can vary across issuers and industries and may include, but are not limited to, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity impacts, product and employee safety, labor management, and corporate governance. For securitized issuers, ESG considerations may also include, but are not limited to, affordability and energy efficiency of collateral, underwriting standards and policies, alignment of interest and control provisions. Consideration of ESG matters is subjective and not determinative in the sub-adviser's investment process. The sub-adviser may conclude that other attributes of an investment outweigh ESG considerations when making investment decisions. The sub?adviser's research analysts do not take ESG factors into consideration with respect to every investment in the portfolio.

------

The fund may purchase securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis.

The sub-adviser may sell a security for different reasons, including due to changes in credit outlook or security values.

The fund may invest its assets in cash, cash equivalent securities or short-term debt securities, repurchase agreements and money market instruments. Under adverse or unstable market, economic or political conditions, the fund may take temporary defensive positions in cash and short-term debt securities without limit. Although the fund would do this only in seeking to avoid losses, the fund may be unable to pursue its investment objective during that time, and it could reduce the benefit from any upswing in the market. To the extent that the fund has any uninvested cash, the fund would also be subject to risk with respect to the depository institution holding the cash.

**Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity:** The fund's sub-adviser, Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. (the "sub-adviser"), invests primarily in equity securities, principally common and preferred stocks of U.S. large capitalization companies which, in the sub-adviser's view, exhibit potential for growth and have favorable Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") characteristics. Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amounts of borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in securities of U.S. large cap companies that have been assigned a "Strong" ESG rating by the sub-adviser. The fund considers large cap companies to be those with a market cap within the market-cap range of the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index at the initial time of purchase in the fund. As of December 31, 2022, the market cap range of the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index was between $[ ] and $[ ].

The sub-adviser combines fundamental research with independent ESG research in an effort to identify reasonably priced stocks of companies with accelerating or underappreciated earnings potential and favorable ESG characteristics. The fund utilizes an active, fundamental, bottom-up approach to investing in domestic equity securities. The sub-adviser enhances its fundamental research by using sustainability analysis to assign an ESG rating to potential investments as described below.

From a fundamental research perspective, the sub-adviser uses an in-depth due diligence process to identify companies that it believes possess the following characteristics:

• Sustainable business model

• Durable competitive advantage

• Underappreciated earnings growth

• Asymmetrical risk/reward

• Compelling valuation

• Strong balance sheets

• Superior company management

The sub-adviser uses a due diligence process to critically assess each investment opportunity from an ESG perspective. This proprietary ESG research process generally includes interviews with key management team contacts, reviews of material sustainability metrics from public filings and third-party data, and additional independent research.

The sub-adviser's analysis of a company's ESG profile focuses on materiality of ESG factors to the company and expected impact on shareholder value, varies by sector, and is specific to each company. Environmental factors considered may include climate change and energy transition, social factors considered may include human capital management and data security practices, and governance factors considered may include ESG oversight and executive and board compensation. The output of the sub-adviser's proprietary ESG research process is a report that includes a standardized evaluation ("ESG Rating") of "Strong," "Neutral," or "Weak" for each company. The sub-adviser's analytical framework evaluates companies across the following three ESG pillars:

• Product or Service Impact (What a company makes),

• Operating Environmental & Social Practices (How a company makes their products)

• Governance & Risks (How a company manages risks in making the product)

The sub-adviser's ESG evaluation accounts for how a business compares on each pillar relative to its industry peers, the market cap size of the company, and the sub-adviser's views of both the company's current status as well as its improvement over time.

------

Securities are eligible for investment by the fund if approved by the sub-adviser's Investment Committee from a fundamental research standpoint. Next, only those companies that have been assigned a "Strong" ESG Rating by the sub-adviser are eligible for inclusion in the fund. Securities that are rated "Neutral" or "Weak" by this process are not eligible for inclusion in the fund. The sub-adviser constructs the fund's portfolio taking into consideration each company's ESG Rating, business quality, growth outlook, valuation, and analyst conviction. Additional considerations by the sub-adviser include existing exposures, thematic overlap, and macro environment.

The fund will typically consist of approximately 35 to 50 equity securities. Generally, no equity position will exceed the greater of either five percent of the fund or two percent more than the security's weight in the fund's benchmark, the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index, both valued at market. Non-U.S. stocks, including American Depository Receipts (ADRs), are limited to 15% of the fund's net assets. The fund is a non-diversified fund, meaning that a larger percentage of its assets may be invested in fewer issuers.

The sub-adviser may sell a holding if the sub-adviser believes the company's fundamentals or sustainability profile have deteriorated. The sub-adviser may also sell a holding to enable the purchase of what the sub-adviser determines to be a better opportunity or when a holding has reached the sub-adviser's price target.

The sub-adviser generally employs a fully invested strategy. Therefore, under normal market conditions, cash and cash equivalents will generally be less than 10% of the fund's net assets.

All investments by the fund, with the exception of cash and cash equivalents, are subject to the sub-adviser's sustainability analysis.

The fund may invest its assets in cash, cash equivalent securities or short-term debt securities, repurchase agreements and money market instruments. Under adverse or unstable market, economic or political conditions, the fund may take temporary defensive positions in cash and short-term debt securities without limit. Although the fund would do this only in seeking to avoid losses, the fund may be unable to pursue its investment objective during that time, and it could reduce the benefit from any upswing in the market. To the extent that the fund has any uninvested cash, the fund would also be subject to risk with respect to the depository institution holding the cash.

**Transamerica UltraShort Bond:** The fund's sub-adviser, Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC (the "sub-adviser"), seeks to achieve the fund's objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the fund's net assets (plus the amount of borrowings, if any, for investment purposes) in fixed-income securities. The fund's portfolio weighted average duration will typically range from 0.25 to 1.25 years. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. The longer a security's duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates.

Securities in which the fund may invest include:

• corporate debt securities of issuers in the U.S. and in developed foreign markets;

• obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities;

• commercial paper;

• asset-backed securities and mortgage-backed securities, including commercial mortgage-backed securities;

• repurchase agreements;

• certificates of deposit and other bank obligations; and

• U.S. dollar-denominated debt securities of emerging market issuers, including corporate and sovereign issuers.

The fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in high-yield debt securities (commonly known as "junk bonds"). Junk bonds are high-risk debt securities rated below investment grade (that is, securities rated below BBB by Standard & Poor's or Fitch or below Baa by Moody's or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by the fund's sub-adviser). The fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in emerging markets. The sub-adviser considers emerging markets countries as countries that major international financial institutions, such as the World Bank, generally consider to be less economically mature than developed nations.

The sub-adviser uses a combination of a global "top-down" analysis of the macroeconomic and interest rate environment and proprietary "bottom-up" research of corporate, government and agency debt, and other debt instruments. In the sub-adviser's "top-down" approach, the sub-adviser analyzes various fundamental, technical, sentiment and valuation factors that affect the movements of markets and securities prices worldwide. In its proprietary "bottom-up" research, the sub-adviser considers various fundamental and other factors, such as creditworthiness, capital structure, covenants, cash flows and, as applicable, collateral. The sub-adviser uses this combined "top-down" and "bottom-up" approach to determine asset class, sector, security, yield curve, and duration positions for the fund. The sub-adviser's research analysts also consider environmental, social and governance ("ESG") matters, alongside traditional credit metrics, within their analytical process as a risk management tool and as a method to identify financially material ESG factors and arrive at an independent, comprehensive view of certain investments. This usage of ESG matters is sometimes referred to as "ESG integration." The sub-adviser's research analysts consider ESG factors only for certain securities including corporate debt securities of public and private companies (except for commercial paper as noted below), sovereign debt securities and asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities. The sub-adviser's research analysts do not consider ESG factors when analyzing commercial paper issued by public and private companies, repurchase agreements, and certificates of deposit and other bank obligations. ESG factors considered can vary across issuers and industries and may include, but are not limited to, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity impacts, product

------

and employee safety, labor management, and corporate governance. For securitized issuers, ESG considerations may also include, but are not limited to, affordability and energy efficiency of collateral, underwriting standards and policies, alignment of interest and control provisions. The sub-adviser's research analysts may conclude that other attributes of an investment outweigh ESG considerations when making investment recommendations to the fund's portfolio managers. Consideration of ESG matters is subjective and not determinative in the sub-adviser's investment process.

The fund may, but is not required to, engage in certain investment strategies involving derivatives, such as options, futures and swaps, including, but not limited to, interest rate, total return and credit default swaps. These investment strategies may be employed as a hedging technique, as a means of altering investment characteristics of the fund's portfolio (such as shortening or lengthening duration), in an attempt to enhance returns or for other purposes.

The fund may purchase securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis.

The sub-adviser may sell a security for different reasons, including due to changes in credit outlook or security values.

The fund may invest its assets in cash, cash equivalent securities or short-term debt securities, repurchase agreements and money market instruments. Under adverse or unstable market, economic or political conditions, the fund may take temporary defensive positions in cash and short-term debt securities without limit. Although the fund would do this only in seeking to avoid losses, the fund may be unable to pursue its investment objective during that time, and it could reduce the benefit from any upswing in the market. To the extent that the fund has any uninvested cash, the fund would also be subject to risk with respect to the depository institution holding the cash.

**More on Risks of Investing in the Funds**

The value of your investment in a fund changes with the values of that fund's investments. Many factors and risks can affect those values, including the risks described below. There is no guarantee that a fund will be able to achieve its investment objective. It is possible to lose money by investing in a fund.

Some of the risks of investing in the funds, including the principal risks of the funds, are discussed below. Each fund may be subject to factors and risks other than those identified in this prospectus, and these other factors and risks could adversely affect the fund's investment results. More information about risks appears in the Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"). Before investing, you should carefully consider the risks that you will assume.

**Absence of Regulation:** A fund may engage in over-the-counter ("OTC") transactions, which trade in a dealer network, rather than on an exchange. In general, there is less governmental regulation and supervision of transactions in the OTC markets than of transactions entered into on organized exchanges. Transactions in the OTC markets also are subject to the credit risk of the counterparty.

**Active Trading:** Certain funds may purchase and sell securities without regard to the length of time held. Active trading may have a negative impact on performance and may generate greater amounts of short-term capital gains, which, for shareholders holding shares in taxable accounts, would generally be subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates upon distribution. During periods of market volatility, active trading may be more pronounced.

**Bank Obligations:** Bank obligations include certificates of deposit, fixed time deposits, bankers' acceptances, and other debt and deposit-type instruments issued by banks. To the extent a fund invests in bank obligations, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting the banking industry. Banks are sensitive to changes in money market and general economic conditions, as well as regulatory and political conditions. Banks are highly regulated, and decisions by regulators may limit the loans banks make, affect the interest rates and fees they charge and reduce bank profitability.

**Cash Management and Defensive Investing:** The value of investments held by a fund for cash management or defensive investing purposes can fluctuate. Like other fixed-income securities, cash and cash equivalent securities are subject to risk, including market, interest rate and credit risk. If a fund holds cash uninvested, the fund will be subject to the credit risk of the depository institution holding the cash, it will not earn income on the cash and the fund's yield will go down. If a significant amount of a fund's assets are used for cash management or defensive investing purposes, it may not achieve its investment objective.

**China A–Shares:** Certain funds may invest in equity securities of certain Chinese companies, referred to as China A-shares, through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program or the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (collectively, the "Programs"). The Programs are securities trading and clearing linked programs between either Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited, and China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited, with an aim to achieve mutual stock market access between the People's Republic of China ("PRC" or "China") and Hong Kong. The Programs are subject to daily quota limitations, which may restrict a fund's ability to invest in China A-shares through the Programs and to enter into or exit trades on a timely basis. The Shanghai and Shenzhen markets may be open at a time when the Programs are not trading, with the result that prices of China A-shares may fluctuate at times when a fund is unable to add to or exit its position. Only certain China A-shares are eligible to be accessed through the Programs. Such

------

securities may lose their eligibility at any time, in which case they could be sold but could no longer be purchased through the Programs. Because the Programs are in their early stages, the actual effect on the market for trading China A-shares with the introduction of large numbers of foreign investors is currently unknown. The Programs are subject to regulations promulgated by regulatory authorities for the Shanghai Stock Exchange, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and existing and additional regulations or restrictions, such as limitations on redemptions, suspension of trading and limitations on profits, may adversely impact the Programs and/or a fund's investments through the Programs. There is no guarantee that applicable exchanges will continue to support the Programs in the future.

Investments in China A-shares are subject to risks specific to the China market. Any significant change in mainland China's political, social or economic policies may have a negative impact on investments in the China market. The regulatory and legal framework for capital markets in mainland China may not be as well developed as those of developed countries. Chinese accounting standards and practices may deviate significantly from international accounting standards. The settlement and clearing systems of the Chinese securities markets may not be well tested and may be subject to increased risks of error or inefficiency.

If a fund was considered to be a tax resident of China, it would be subject to Chinese corporate income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide taxable income. If a fund was considered to be a non-resident enterprise with a "permanent establishment" in China, it would be subject to Chinese corporate income tax of 25% on the profits attributable to the permanent establishment.

A fund's investments in securities, including China A-shares, issued by Chinese companies may cause a fund to become subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by China tax authorities. China generally imposes withholding income tax at a rate of 10% on dividends, premiums, interest and capital gains originating in China and paid to a company that is not a resident of China for tax purposes and that has no permanent establishment in China. Currently, the capital gain from disposal of China A-shares by foreign investors via the Programs is temporarily exempt from withholding income tax, but the dividends derived from China A-shares by foreign investors is subject to a 10% withholding income tax. There is no indication of how long the temporary exemption will remain in effect and a fund may be subject to such withholding income tax in the future.

Stamp duty under the PRC laws generally applies to the execution and receipt of taxable documents, which include contracts for the sale of China A-shares traded on PRC stock exchanges. In the case of such contracts, the stamp duty is currently imposed on the seller but not on the purchaser, at the rate of 0.1%. The sale or other transfer by a fund's sub-adviser of China A-shares will accordingly be subject to PRC stamp duty, but a fund will not be subject to PRC stamp duty when it acquires China A-shares.

A fund may also potentially be subject to PRC value added tax at the rate of 6% on capital gains derived from trading of China A-shares and interest income (if any). Existing guidance provides a temporary value added tax exemption for Hong Kong and overseas investors in respect of their gains derived from trading of PRC securities through the Programs. Since there is no indication how long the temporary exemption will remain in effect, a fund may be subject to such value added tax in the future. In addition, urban maintenance and construction tax (currently at rates ranging from 1% to 7%), educational surcharge (currently at the rate of 3%) and local educational surcharge (currently at the rate of 2%) (collectively, the "surtaxes") are imposed based on value added tax liabilities, so if a fund were liable for value added tax it would also be required to pay the applicable surtaxes.

Uncertainties in China tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in China A-shares via the Programs could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a fund and therefore could affect the amount of income which may be derived, and the amount of capital returned, from the investments in China A-shares by a fund.

In the event that the depository of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange defaulted, a fund may not be able to recover fully its losses from the depository or may be delayed in receiving proceeds as part of any recovery process. In addition, because all trades on the Programs in respect of eligible China A-shares must be settled in Renminbi (RMB), the Chinese currency, funds investing through the Programs must have timely access to a reliable supply of offshore RMB, which cannot be guaranteed.

The Programs are novel in nature and are subject to regulations promulgated by regulatory authorities and implementation rules made by the stock exchanges in China and Hong Kong. The regulations are untested so far and there is no certainty as to how they will be applied. China A-shares purchased through the Programs are held in nominee name and not a fund's name as the beneficial owner. It is possible, therefore, that a fund's ability to exercise its rights as a shareholder and to pursue claims against the issuer of China A-shares may be limited because the nominee structure has not been tested in Chinese courts. In addition, a fund may not be able to participate in corporate actions affecting China A-shares held through the Programs due to time constraints or for other operational reasons.

Trades on the Programs are subject to certain requirements prior to trading. If these requirements are not completed prior to the market opening, a fund cannot sell the shares on that trading day. In addition, these requirements may limit the number of brokers that a fund may use to execute trades. If an investor holds 5% or more of the total shares issued by a China A-share issuer, the investor must return any profits obtained from the purchase and sale of those shares if both transactions occur within a six-month period. If a fund holds 5% or more of the total shares of a China A-share issuer through its Program investments, its profits may be subject to these limitations. It is not expressly provided in China law whether all accounts managed by TAM and/or its affiliates will be aggregated for purposes of this 5% limitation. If that is the case, it makes it more likely that a fund's profits may be subject to these limitations.

------

**Conflicts of Interest:** Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM") and its affiliates, directors, officers, employees and personnel (collectively, for purposes of this risk, "Transamerica") are engaged in a variety of businesses and have interests other than those related to managing the funds. Transamerica is a diversified global financial services company with many lines of business providing a wide range of financial services to a sizeable and diversified client base. The broad range of activities and interests of Transamerica gives rise to actual, potential and perceived conflicts of interest that could affect the funds and their shareholders.

Certain actual and potential conflicts of interest are described below. A further discussion of conflicts of interest appears in the SAI. These discussions are not, and are not intended to be, a complete enumeration or description of all the actual and potential conflicts that Transamerica has now or may have in the future. Other conflicts may arise from time to time.

TAM and the funds have adopted practices, policies and procedures that are intended to identify, manage and, where possible, mitigate conflicts of interest. There is no assurance, however, that these practices, policies and procedures will be effective, and these practices, policies and procedures may limit or restrict the funds' investment activities and adversely affect their performance.

*Activities on Behalf of Other Funds and Accounts.* Transamerica manages or advises other funds and products in addition to the funds, including Transamerica's own accounts and accounts in which Transamerica or its personnel have an interest. Certain other funds and products have investment objectives similar to, the same as or opposite to those of the funds and/or engage in transactions in the same types of securities or other instruments, sectors or strategies as the funds. Such transactions could affect the prices and availability of the securities and instruments in which a fund invests, and could have an adverse impact on the fund's performance. These other accounts and products may buy or sell positions while the funds are undertaking the same or a differing, including potentially opposite, strategy, which could disadvantage the funds. A position taken by Transamerica, on behalf of one or more other funds or products, may be contrary to a position taken on behalf of a fund or may be adverse to a company or issuer in which the fund has invested. A fund on the one hand, and Transamerica or other funds or products, on the other hand, may vote differently on matters affecting, or take or refrain from taking different actions with respect to, the same security, which are disadvantageous to the fund. The results of the investment activities of a fund may differ significantly from the results achieved for other funds or products. Transamerica may receive more compensation, including a performance allocation, with respect to certain other funds or products than is received with respect to a fund.

*Selection of Service Providers.* TAM and certain of its affiliates provide services including investment management, administration, sub-advisory, shareholder servicing, distribution, and transfer agency services to the funds and earn fees from these relationships with the funds. TAM and its affiliates face conflicts of interest when the funds select affiliated service providers because TAM and/or its affiliates receive greater compensation when they are used. The funds expect to engage unaffiliated service providers that in certain cases also provide services to Transamerica or other funds or products or that hire Transamerica to provide services to the service providers' clients. These service providers may have business, financial or other relationships with Transamerica, which may influence TAM's recommendation of these service providers for the funds.

*Sales Incentives and Relationships.* Transamerica and other financial service providers have conflicts associated with their promotion of the funds or other dealings with the funds that would create incentives for them to promote the funds. Transamerica will benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Transamerica and its personnel have relationships (both involving and not involving the funds) with distributors, consultants and others who sell or recommend the funds or other funds or products, and such parties may receive compensation from Transamerica or the funds or Other Accounts in connection with such relationships. Transamerica and/or the funds' sub-advisers or their affiliates, make revenue sharing payments to brokers and other financial intermediaries to promote the distribution of the funds. Transamerica also receives revenue sharing and/or 12b-1 payments from certain of the funds' sub-advisers or their affiliates. These payments present certain conflicts of interest and provide a disincentive for TAM to recommend the termination of such sub-advisers.

*Transamerica Insurance Companies.* The performance of certain funds impacts Transamerica's financial exposure under guarantees that the Transamerica insurance companies provide as issuers of certain variable insurance contracts. TAM's investment decisions and the design of the applicable funds may be influenced by these factors. Certain non-public portfolio holdings and certain analytical information and algorithm and trade data concerning certain funds is disclosed to the Transamerica insurance companies solely to allow them to hedge their obligations under the variable insurance contracts. This information may only be provided in accordance with procedures approved by the funds' Board of Trustees governing the sharing of such information.

*Transamerica Asset Allocation Fund Allocations.* TAM serves as investment manager to and is responsible for all aspects of the day-to-day investment advice and management of certain funds of funds that invest in underlying Transamerica funds and is subject to conflicts of interest in allocating the funds of funds' assets among the underlying funds. For certain other funds of funds, TAM has hired a sub-adviser and benefits when the sub-adviser allocates the fund of funds' assets to a Transamerica fund. TAM has established an investment program for certain funds of funds whereby all or a substantial portion of the fund of funds' assets are invested in underlying Transamerica funds. This means that TAM or the fund of funds' sub-adviser does not, nor does it expect to, consider unaffiliated funds as underlying investment options for the fund of funds, even if unaffiliated funds have better investment performance or lower total expenses. TAM and its affiliates will receive more revenue when TAM or a sub-adviser selects a Transamerica fund rather than an unaffiliated fund for inclusion in a fund of funds and could result in the selection of funds with

------

relatively lower historical investment results. TAM has an incentive for the funds of funds' assets to be allocated to those underlying funds for which the net management fees payable to TAM are higher than the fees payable by other underlying funds or to those underlying funds for which an affiliate of TAM serves as the sub-adviser. TAM also has an incentive for a fund of funds' assets to be allocated to subscale underlying Transamerica funds to provide scale and reduce amounts waived and/or reimbursed by TAM to maintain applicable expense caps. Sub-advisers to certain funds of funds also have conflicts of interest in allocating the funds of funds' assets among underlying funds. TAM Compliance monitors allocation changes by the funds of funds.

*Fund Structuring and Changes.* TAM may have a financial incentive to implement or not to implement certain changes to the funds. For example, TAM may, from time to time, recommend a change in sub-adviser or the combination of two or more funds. Transamerica will benefit to the extent that an affiliated sub-adviser replaces an unaffiliated sub-adviser or additional assets are combined into a fund having a higher net management fee payable to TAM and/or that is sub-advised by an affiliate of TAM. TAM will also benefit to the extent that it replaces a sub-adviser with a new sub-adviser with a lower sub-advisory fee.

*Aggregation of Assets.* The aggregation of assets of multiple funds and/or other funds or products for purposes of calculating breakpoints or discounts in sub-advisory fees based on the level of assets allocated to a sub-adviser across funds or otherwise, as applicable, give rise to actual, potential and/or perceived conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the funds and their shareholders.

*Valuation of Investments.* TAM has been designated as the funds' valuation designee with responsibility for fair valuation subject to oversight by the funds' Board of Trustees. TAM's service as valuation designee is expressly permitted by applicable regulations. TAM performs such valuation services in accordance with valuation policies and procedures of the funds and TAM. TAM may value an identical asset differently than a Transamerica affiliate. This is particularly the case in respect of difficult-to-value assets. TAM faces a conflict with respect to valuations generally because of their effect on TAM's fees and other compensation. Valuation decisions by TAM may also result in improved performance of the funds.

*Other Relationships and Benefits.* Transamerica has existing and may have potential future other business dealings or relationships with current or proposed sub-advisers or other fund service providers (or their affiliates) recommended by TAM. Such other business dealings or relationships present conflicts of interest that could influence TAM's selection and retention or termination of sub-advisers or service providers. For example, TAM has an incentive to hire as a sub-adviser or other service provider an entity with which TAM or one or more of its affiliates have, or would like to have, significant or other business dealings or arrangements, and TAM has a disincentive to recommend the termination of such a sub-adviser or service provider when doing so could be adverse to TAM's and/or its affiliates' relationships or other business dealings with such parties.

*Sub-Advisers.* The range of activities, services and interests of a sub-adviser gives rise to actual, potential and/or perceived conflicts of interest that could disadvantage a fund and its shareholders. Such conflicts of interest are in some cases similar to and in other cases different from or supplement those described above relating to Transamerica. For example, a sub-adviser's portfolio managers may manage multiple funds and accounts for multiple clients which gives rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest. A sub-adviser and/or its respective affiliates also may derive ancillary benefits from providing investment sub-advisory services to a fund.

**Counterparty:** A fund could lose money if the counterparties to derivatives, repurchase agreements and other financial contracts entered into for the fund do not fulfill their contractual obligations. Adverse changes to counterparties may cause the value of financial contracts to go down. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations, the value of your investment in the fund may decline. In addition, the fund may incur costs and may be hindered or delayed in enforcing its rights against a counterparty.

**Credit:** The value of your investment in a fund could decline if the issuer of a security held by the fund or another obligor for that security (such as a party providing insurance or other credit enhancement) fails to pay, otherwise defaults, is perceived (whether by market participants, ratings agencies or otherwise) to be less creditworthy, becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy. Changes in actual or perceived creditworthiness may occur quickly. The value of your investment in a fund could also decline if the credit rating of a security held by the fund is downgraded or the credit quality or value of any assets underlying the security declines. A decline may be rapid and/or significant, particularly in certain market environments. If a single entity provides credit enhancement to more than one of the fund's investments, the adverse effects resulting from the downgrade or default will increase the adverse effects on a fund. If a fund enters into financial contracts (such as certain derivatives, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, and when-issued, delayed delivery and forward commitment transactions), the fund will be subject to the credit risk presented by the counterparty. In addition, a fund may incur expenses and may be hindered or delayed in an effort to protect the fund's interests or to enforce its rights. The degree of credit risk of a security or financial contract depends upon, among other things, the financial condition of the issuer and the terms of the security or contract. Credit risk may be broadly gauged by the credit ratings of the securities in which a fund invests. However, ratings are only the opinions of the companies issuing them and are not guarantees as to quality. Credit rating may also be influenced by conflicts of interest. Securities rated in the lowest category of investment grade (Baa/BBB or Baa-/BBB-) may possess certain speculative characteristics, and a fund is subject to greater credit risk to the extent it invests in below investment grade securities (that is, securities rated below the Baa/BBB categories or unrated securities of comparable quality), or "junk" bonds. Credit risk is also greater to the extent a fund uses leverage or derivatives in connection with the management of the fund.

------

A fund may invest in securities which are subordinated to more senior securities of the issuer, or which represent interests in pools of such subordinated securities. A fund is more likely to suffer a credit loss on subordinated securities than on non-subordinated securities of the same issuer. If there is a default, bankruptcy or liquidation of the issuer, most subordinated securities are paid only if sufficient assets remain after payment of the issuer's non-subordinated securities. In addition, any recovery of interest or principal may take more time. As a result, even a perceived decline in creditworthiness of the issuer is likely to have a greater impact on subordinated securities.

**Currency:** The value of a fund's investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers may also be affected by currency risk, as the revenue earned by issuers of these securities may also be impacted by changes in the issuer's local currency. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could reduce or eliminate investment gains or add to investment losses. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time, and they are affected by factors such as general economic conditions, the actions of the U.S. and foreign governments or central banks, the imposition of currency controls, and speculation. A fund may be positively or negatively affected by government strategies intended to make the U.S. dollar, or other currencies to which the fund has exposure, stronger or weaker. Currency markets generally are not as regulated as securities markets, and currency risk may be particularly high to the extent the fund invests in foreign securities or currencies that are economically tied to emerging market or frontier market countries. A fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure or any hedge may not be effective. Derivatives that provide exposure to foreign currencies are also subject to these risks.

**Cybersecurity and Operations:** A fund, and its service providers and distribution platforms, and your ability to transact with a fund, may be negatively impacted by, among other things, human error, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity incidents. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to fund assets, shareholder data (including private shareholder information), and/or proprietary information, or cause a fund, TAM, a sub-adviser and/or its service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality. A cybersecurity incident or operational issue may disrupt the processing of fund or shareholder transactions, impact a fund's ability to calculate its net asset values, prevent shareholders from redeeming their shares, or result in financial losses to a fund and its shareholders. Issuers of securities in which a fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks, and the value of those securities could decline if the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents or operational issues. In addition, other significant events (e.g., natural disasters or global health emergencies), and measures taken to respond to them and mitigate their effects, could result in disruptions to the services provided to a fund by its service providers.

**Depositary Receipts:** Depositary receipts are generally subject to the same risks as are the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted, and they may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. In addition, depositary receipts expose the fund to risk associated with the non-uniform terms that apply to depositary receipt programs, credit exposure to the depositary bank and to the sponsors and other parties with whom the depositary bank establishes the programs. Any distributions paid to the holders of depositary receipts are usually subject to a fee charged by the depositary. Holders of depositary receipts may have limited voting rights, and investment restrictions in certain countries may adversely impact the value of depositary receipts because such restrictions may limit the ability to convert equity shares into depositary receipts and vice versa. Such restrictions may cause equity shares of the underlying issuer to trade at a discount or premium to the market price of the depositary receipts.

The issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose information that is, in the United States, considered material. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding those issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts.

**Derivatives:** Derivatives involve special risks and costs which may be different from, or greater than, the risks associated with investing in traditional securities, such as stocks and bonds and may result in losses. Risks of derivatives include leverage risk, liquidity risk, valuation risk, market risk, counterparty risk, credit risk, operational risk (such as documentation issues and settlement issues) and legal risk (such as insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of a counterparty, or issues with the legality or enforceability of a contract). Use of derivatives can increase fund losses, increase costs, reduce opportunities for gains, increase fund volatility, and not produce the result intended. Even a small investment in derivatives can have a disproportionate impact on a fund. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. This risk is greater for forward currency contracts, swaps and other over-the-counter traded derivatives. The other parties to derivatives transactions present the same types of credit risk as issuers of fixed-income securities. Derivatives also tend to involve greater liquidity risk and they may be difficult to value. A fund may be unable to terminate or sell its derivative positions. In fact, many over-the-counter derivatives will not have liquidity except through the counterparty to the instrument. Derivatives are generally subject to the risks applicable to the assets, rates, indices or other indicators underlying the derivative, including market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, management and valuation risk. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances or at reasonable prices. The value of a derivative may fluctuate more than, or otherwise not correlate well with, the underlying assets, rates, indices or other indicators to which it relates. A fund's use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders.

------

The U.S. government and foreign governments have adopted (and may adopt further) regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing and on-facility execution of certain derivatives, margin and reporting requirements. New Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act governs the use of derivative investments by funds. Among other things, Rule 18f-4 requires funds that invest in derivatives above a specified amount to adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program that a derivatives risk manager administers and that the fund's Board of Trustees oversees, and to comply with an outer limit on fund leverage risk based on value at risk. Funds that use derivative instruments in a limited amount will not be subject to the full requirements of Rule 18f-4,but will have to adopt and implement policies and procedures reasonably designed to manage the fund's derivatives risk. Funds are subject to reporting and recordkeeping requirements regarding their derivatives use. Rule 18f-4 could have an adverse impact on a fund's performance and ability to implement its investment strategies as it has historically and may increase costs related to a fund's use of derivatives. It is not currently clear what impact, if any, the rule will have on the availability, liquidity or performance of derivatives. The rule may not be effective to limit the risk of loss from derivatives.

A fund may segregate cash or other liquid assets to cover the funding of its obligations under derivatives contracts or make margin payments when it takes positions in derivatives involving obligations to third parties. If a fund were unable to close out its position in a derivatives contract, it might continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the position expired or matured. These actions might impair a fund's ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or cause a fund to sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time. Also, a fund would be exposed to loss both on the derivative instruments and on the assets used to cover its obligations.

Additional regulation of derivatives may make derivatives more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance, or disrupt markets. For derivatives that are required to be cleared by a regulated clearinghouse, a fund may be exposed to risks arising from its relationship with a brokerage firm through which it would submit derivatives trades for clearing. A fund would also be exposed to counterparty risk with respect to the clearinghouse. In certain cases, a fund may incur costs and may be hindered or delayed in enforcing its rights against or closing out derivatives instruments with a counterparty, which may result in additional losses.

Derivatives may be used by a fund for a variety of purposes, including:

• As a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in the fund's portfolio;

• As a means of changing investment characteristics of the fund's portfolio;

• As a means of attempting to enhance returns;

• As a means of providing additional exposure to types of investments or market factors;

• As a substitute for buying or selling securities; or

• As a cash flow management technique.

Using derivatives, especially for non-hedging purposes, may involve greater risks to a fund than investing directly in securities, particularly as these instruments may be very complex and may not behave in the manner anticipated by the fund. Risks associated with the use of derivatives are magnified to the extent that a large portion of the fund's assets are committed to derivatives in general or are invested in just one or a few types of derivatives. Use of derivatives or similar instruments may have different tax consequences for a fund than an investment in the underlying asset or indices, and those differences may affect the amount, timing and character of income distributed to shareholders.

Using derivatives for hedging purposes can reduce or eliminate losses, but doing so can also reduce or eliminate gains. In addition, there can be no assurance that a fund's hedging transactions will be effective.

A fund could lose the entire amount of its investment in a derivative and, in some cases, could lose more than the principal amount invested.

Derivatives may include, but are not limited to, the following:

• *Options*. An option is an agreement that, for a premium payment or fee, gives the option holder (the buyer) the right but not the obligation to buy (a "call option") or sell (a "put option") the underlying asset (or settle for cash an amount based on an underlying asset, rate or index) at a specified price (the exercise price) during a period of time or on a specified date. Investments in options are considered speculative. The fund may lose the premium paid for them if the price of the underlying security or other asset decreased or remained the same (in the case of a call option) or increased or remained the same (in the case of a put option). If a put or call option purchased by the fund were permitted to expire without being sold or exercised, its premium would represent a loss to the fund. Investments in foreign currency options may substantially change a fund's exposure to currency exchange rates and could result in losses to the fund if currencies do not perform as a sub-adviser expects. There is a risk that such transactions could reduce or preclude the opportunity for gain if the value of the currency moves in the direction opposite to the position taken. Options on foreign currencies are affected by all of those factors which influence foreign exchange rates and foreign investment generally. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in losses to a fund and poorer overall performance for the fund than if it had not entered into such contracts. Options on foreign currencies are traded primarily in the OTC market, but may also be traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges. Foreign currency options contracts may be used for hedging purposes or non-hedging purposes in pursuing a fund's investment objective, such as when a sub-adviser anticipates that

------

particular non-U.S. currencies will appreciate or depreciate in value, even though securities denominated in those currencies are not then held in the fund's investment portfolio. Investing in foreign currencies for purposes of gaining from projected changes in exchange rates, as opposed to only hedging currency risks applicable to a fund's holdings, further increases the fund's exposure to foreign securities losses. There is no assurance that a sub-adviser's use of currency derivatives will benefit a fund or that they will be, or can be, used at appropriate times.

• *Forwards and Futures Contracts*. The use of futures contracts is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. A futures contract is a sales contract between a buyer (holding the "long" position) and a seller (holding the "short" position) for an asset with delivery deferred until a future date. The buyer agrees to pay a fixed price at the agreed future date and the seller agrees to deliver the asset. The seller hopes that the market price on the delivery date is less than the agreed upon price, while the buyer hopes for the contrary. The liquidity of the futures markets depends on participants entering into off-setting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced. In addition, futures exchanges often impose a maximum permissible price movement on each futures contract for each trading session. The fund may be disadvantaged if it is prohibited from executing a trade outside the daily permissible price movement. Moreover, to the extent the fund engages in futures contracts on foreign exchanges, such exchanges may not provide the same protection as US exchanges. The loss that may be incurred in entering into futures contracts may exceed the amount of the premium paid and may be potentially unlimited. Futures markets are highly volatile and the use of futures may increase the volatility of the fund's NAV. Additionally, as a result of the low collateral deposits normally involved in futures trading, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses to the fund. Investment in these instruments involve risks, including counterparty risk (i.e., the counterparty to the instrument will not perform or be able to perform in accordance with the terms of the instrument), hedging risk (i.e., a hedging strategy may not eliminate the risk that it is intended to offset, and may offset gains, which may lead to losses within the fund) and pricing risk (i.e., the instrument may be difficult to value).

• *Foreign Currency Forward Exchange Contracts.* In connection with its investments in foreign securities, a fund also may enter into contracts with banks, brokers or dealers to purchase or sell securities or foreign currencies at a future date. A foreign currency forward exchange contract is a negotiated agreement between the contracting parties to exchange a specified amount of currency at a specified future time at a specified rate. The rate can be higher or lower than the spot rate between the currencies that are the subject of the contract. Foreign currency forward exchange contracts may be used to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign currency exchange rates or to gain or modify exposure to a particular currency. In addition, a fund may use cross currency hedging or proxy hedging with respect to currencies in which the fund has or expects to have portfolio or currency exposure. Cross currency hedges involve the sale of one currency against the positive exposure to a different currency and may be used for hedging purposes or to establish an active exposure to the exchange rate between any two currencies. Investments in foreign currency forward exchange contracts may substantially change a fund's exposure to currency exchange rates and could result in losses to the fund if currencies do not perform as its sub-adviser expects. A sub-adviser's success in these transactions will depend principally on its ability to predict accurately the future exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Foreign currency forward exchange contracts may be used for non-hedging purposes in seeking to meet the applicable fund's investment objectives, such as when the sub-adviser anticipates that particular non-U.S. currencies will appreciate or depreciate in value, even though securities denominated in those currencies are not then held in the fund's investment portfolio. Investing in foreign currency forward exchange contracts for purposes of gaining from projected changes in exchange rates, as opposed to hedging currency risks applicable to a fund's holdings, further increases the fund's exposure to foreign securities losses. There is no assurance that a sub-adviser's use of currency derivatives will benefit a fund or that they will be, or can be, used at appropriate times.

• *Swaps*. Swap contracts, including credit default swaps, involve heightened risks and may result in losses to the fund. Swaps may in some cases be illiquid and difficult to value, and they increase credit risk since the fund has exposure to both the issuer of the referenced obligation and the counterparty to the swap. If the fund buys a credit default swap, it will be subject to the risk that the credit default swap may expire worthless, as the credit default swap would only generate income in the event of a default on the underlying debt security or other specified event. As a buyer, the fund would also be subject to credit risk relating to the seller's payment of its obligations in the event of a default (or similar event). If the fund sells a credit default swap, it will be exposed to the credit risk of the issuer of the obligation to which the credit default swap relates. As a seller, the fund would also be subject to leverage risk, because it would be liable for the full notional amount of the swap in the event of default (or similar event). Swaps may be difficult to unwind or terminate. Credit default swaps may in some cases be illiquid, and they increase credit risk since the fund has exposure to the issuer of the referenced obligation and either their counterparty to the credit default swap or, if it is a cleared transaction, the brokerage firm through which the trade was cleared and the clearing organization that is the counterparty to that trade. Certain index-based credit default swaps are structured in tranches, whereby junior tranches assume greater default risk than senior tranches. The absence of a central exchange or market for swap transactions may lead, in some instances, to difficulties in trading and valuation, especially in the event of market disruptions. New regulations require many kinds of swaps to be executed through a centralized exchange or regulated facility and be cleared through a regulated clearinghouse. Although this clearing mechanism is generally expected to reduce counterparty credit risk, it may disrupt or limit the swap market and may not

------

result in swaps being easier to trade or value. As swaps become more standardized, the fund may not be able to enter into swaps that meet its investment needs. The fund also may not be able to find a clearinghouse willing to accept the swaps for clearing. In a cleared swap, a central clearing organization will be the counterparty to the transaction. The fund will assume the risk that the clearinghouse may be unable to perform its obligations. The new regulations may make using swaps more costly, may limit their availability, or may otherwise adversely affect their value or performance.

• *Contracts for Difference.* Contracts for differences ("CFDs") are subject to liquidity risk because the liquidity of CFDs is based on the liquidity of the underlying instrument, and are subject to counterparty risk, i.e., the risk that the counterparty to the CFD transaction may be unable or unwilling to make payments or to otherwise honor its ﬁnancial obligations under the terms of the contract. To the extent that there is an imperfect correlation between the return on the fund's obligation to its counterparty under the CFD and the return on related assets in its portfolio, the CFD transaction may increase the fund's ﬁnancial risk. CFDs, like many other derivative instruments, involve the risk that, if the derivative security declines in value, additional margin would be required to maintain the margin level. The seller may require the fund to deposit additional sums to cover this, and this may be at short notice. If additional margin is not provided in time, the seller may liquidate the positions at a loss for which the fund is liable. CFDs are not registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any U.S. regulator, and are not subject to U.S. regulation.

**Distressed or Defaulted Securities:** Investments in defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers, including securities that are, or may be, involved in reorganizations or other financial restructurings, either out of court or in bankruptcy, involve substantial risks in addition to the risks of investing in high-yield debt securities. These securities are considered speculative. A fund may suffer significant losses if a reorganization or restructuring is not completed as anticipated. A fund will generally not receive interest payments on the distressed securities. Repayment of defaulted securities and obligations of distressed issuers is subject to significant uncertainties. A fund may incur costs to protect its investment, and the fund could lose its entire investment. Distressed or defaulted securities and any securities received in an exchange for such securities may be subject to restrictions on resale.

**Early Close/Late Close/Trading Halt:** An exchange or market may close early, close late or issue trading halts generally or on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in a fund being unable to buy or sell securities or financial instruments. In these circumstances, a fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses.

**Emerging Markets:** Investments in securities of issuers located or doing business in emerging markets bear heightened foreign investments risks and may experience rapid and extreme changes in value. Emerging markets are riskier than more developed markets because they tend to develop unevenly and may never fully develop. Emerging market countries typically have less developed and less stable economic and political systems and regulatory and accounting standards, potentially making it difficult to evaluate issuers. For example, the economies of such countries can be subject to rapid and unpredictable rates of inflation or deflation, and may be based on only a few industries. Such countries typically have fewer medical and economic resources than more developed countries, and thus they may be less able to control or mitigate the effects of a public health emergency or natural disaster. Certain emerging markets may also face other significant internal or external risks, including the risk of war or terrorism, and ethnic, religious or racial conflicts. Emerging market countries may have policies that restrict investment by foreigners or that prevent foreign investors from withdrawing their money at will, and such investors are more likely to experience nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. Such policies may change abruptly. Emerging market securities are often particularly sensitive to market movements because their market prices tend to reflect speculative expectations. Some emerging market countries are especially vulnerable to economic conditions in other countries. Low trading volumes may result in a lack of liquidity and extreme price volatility, which could make security valuations more difficult. Less certainty with respect to security valuations may lead to additional challenges and risks in calculating a fund's net asset value. A fund investing in emerging market countries may be required to establish special custody or other arrangements before investing, and the fund may experience problems or delays with the clearing and settling of trades that are not typically experienced in more developed markets. Investments in emerging markets countries may have restrictions that make it difficult or impossible for a fund to exercise rights, pursue legal remedies, and obtain judgments in foreign courts. Some securities issued by emerging market governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of such governments. Even where a security is backed by the full faith and credit of a government, it may be difficult for a fund to pursue its rights against the government. An investment in emerging market securities should be considered speculative. Investments in emerging markets countries may be subject to political, economic, legal, market and currency risks. The risks may include less protection of property rights and uncertain political and economic policies, greater vulnerability to market manipulation, the imposition of capital controls and/or foreign investment limitations by a country, nationalization of businesses and the imposition of sanctions by other countries, such as the United States.

**Equity Securities:** Equity securities represent an ownership interest, or the right to acquire an ownership interest, in an issuer, and generally have greater risk of loss than debt securities. Equity securities include, among others, common and preferred stocks, convertible securities, and warrants or rights. Stock markets are volatile. Equity securities may have greater price volatility than other asset classes, such as fixed-income securities, and fluctuate in price based on real or perceived changes in a company's financial condition, factors affecting a particular industry or industries, and overall market, economic and political conditions. Because a

------

company's equity securities rank junior in priority to the interests of bond holders and other creditors, a company's equity securities will usually react more strongly than its bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the company's financial condition or prospects. If the market prices of the equity securities owned by a fund fall, the value of your investment in the fund will decline. If a fund holds equity securities in a company that becomes insolvent, the fund's interests in the company will rank junior in priority to the interests of debtholders and general creditors of the company, and the fund may lose its entire investment in the company. These risks are generally magnified for investments in equity securities of distressed companies. A fund may lose its entire investment in the equity securities of an issuer.

**Expenses:** Your actual costs of investing in a fund may be higher than the expenses shown in this prospectus for a variety of reasons. For example, expense ratios may be higher than those shown if overall net assets decrease, or if a fee limitation is changed or terminated, or with respect to a newly offered fund or class, if average net assets are lower than estimated. Net assets are more likely to decrease and fund expense ratios are more likely to increase when markets are volatile.

**Extension:** When interest rates rise, payments of fixed-income securities, including asset- and mortgage-backed securities, may occur more slowly than anticipated, extending the effective duration of these fixed-income securities at below market interest rates and causing their market prices to decline more than they would have declined due to the rise in interest rates alone. This may cause a fund's share price to be more volatile or go down.

**Fixed-Income Securities:** Fixed-income securities are subject to risks including credit risk, interest rate risk, counterparty risk, prepayment risk, extension risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk. The value of fixed-income securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, due to general market conditions, such as real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions, tariffs and trade disruptions, inflation, changes in interest rates, lack of liquidity in the bond markets or adverse investor sentiment. In addition, the value of a fixed-income security may decline if the issuer or other obligor of the security fails to pay principal and/or interest, otherwise defaults or has its credit rating downgraded or is perceived to be less creditworthy, or the credit quality or value of any underlying assets declines. If the value of fixed-income securities owned by a fund falls, the value of your investment will go down. The prices of fixed-income securities will generally go down when interest rates rise. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to sell fixed-income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed-income securities and could also result in increased redemptions from the fund. A rise in rates also tends to have a greater impact on the prices of longer term or duration securities. A fund may lose its entire investment in the fixed-income securities of an issuer.

**Focused Investing:** To the extent a fund invests in a limited number of countries, regions, sectors, industries or market segments, in a limited number of issuers, or in issuers in related businesses or that are subject to related operating risks, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those countries, regions, sectors, industries, segments or issuers, and the value of its shares may be more volatile than if it invested more widely.

**Foreign Investments:** Investments in securities of foreign issuers (including those denominated in U.S. dollars) or issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets are subject to additional risks. Foreign markets can be less liquid, less regulated and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of a fund's foreign investments may decline, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, because of factors affecting the particular issuers as well as foreign markets and issuers generally, such as unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions, reduction of government or central bank support, tariffs and trade disruptions, political or financial instability, social unrest or other adverse economic or political developments. Values may also be affected by restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a foreign country.

Less information may be publicly available about foreign companies than about U.S. companies. Foreign companies are generally not subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as U.S. companies are. Some securities issued by non-U.S. governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of such governments. Even where a security is backed by the full faith and credit of a government, it may be difficult or impossible for the fund to pursue its rights against the government. Some non-U.S. governments have defaulted on principal and interest payments. In certain foreign markets, settlement and clearance procedures may result in an inability to execute transactions or delays in payment for or delivery of securities not typically associated with settlement and clearance of U.S. investments. Such settlement issues could affect a fund's performance and the liquidity of its portfolio. Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale or disposition of, foreign securities may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes, and special U.S. tax considerations may apply.

Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments, the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, organizations, entities and/or individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Economic sanctions could, among other things, effectively restrict or eliminate a fund's ability to purchase or sell securities or groups of securities for a substantial period of time, and may make the fund's investments in such securities harder to value. International trade barriers or economic sanctions against foreign countries, organizations, entities and/or individuals, may adversely affect a fund's foreign holdings or exposures. Investments in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by unfavorable governmental actions such as the imposition of capital and price controls; nationalization of companies or industries; currency exchange controls, currency blockage, or restrictions on the expatriation of foreign currency; expropriation of assets; confiscatory taxation; or the imposition of

------

punitive taxes. In the event of nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, a fund could lose its entire investment in foreign securities. Governmental actions can have a significant effect on the economic conditions in foreign countries, which also may adversely affect the value and liquidity of a fund's investments. For example, the governments of certain countries may prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign investing in their capital markets or in certain sectors or industries. In addition, a foreign government may limit or cause delay in the convertibility or repatriation of its currency which would adversely affect the U.S. dollar value and/or liquidity of investments denominated in that currency. Any of these actions could severely affect security prices, impair the fund's ability to purchase or sell foreign securities or transfer a fund's assets back into the United States, or otherwise adversely affect the fund's operations. Certain foreign investments may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse investor perceptions, or become illiquid after purchase by a fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil. When a fund holds illiquid investments, its portfolio may be harder to value.

Investment in securities of foreign issuers may also be subject to foreign custody risk which refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities, cash and other assets by banks, agents and depositories in securities markets outside the United States. In addition, it is often more expensive for a fund to buy, hold, and sell securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel non-U.S. agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. The laws of certain countries may place limitations on the ability to recover assets if a non-U.S. bank, agent or depository becomes insolvent or enters bankruptcy. Non-U.S. agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets, and thus may be subject to limited or no government oversight. In general, the less developed a country's securities markets are, or the more difficult communication is with that location, the greater the likelihood of custody issues arising.

American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs"), and European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs") are generally subject to all of the risks that direct investments in foreign securities are.

China and other developing market countries may be subject to considerable degrees of economic, political and social instability. China's economic health is largely dependent upon exports, and may be dependent upon the economies of other Asian countries. Investments in Chinese and other Asian issuers could be adversely affected by changes in government policies, or trade or political disputes with major trading partners, including the U.S. China's growing trade surplus with the U.S. has given rise to trade disputes and the imposition of tariffs. The Chinese economy could be adversely affected by supply chain disruptions. An economic slowdown in China could adversely affect economies of other emerging market countries that trade with China, as well as companies operating in those countries.

Sanctions or other government actions against certain countries could negatively impact a fund's investments in securities that have exposure to that country. Circumstances that impact one country could have profound impacts on other countries and on global economies or markets. China and other developing market countries may be subject to considerable degrees of economic, political and social instability. In addition, the U.S. government has imposed restrictions on U.S. investor participation in certain Chinese investments designated as related to the Chinese military. These matters could adversely affect China's economy and the value of Chinese companies, and cause a fund to incur losses.

**Frontier Markets:** Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies, less developed capital markets, less sophisticated legal, regulatory and political systems, and fewer investor protections than emerging market countries. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries. The economies of frontier market countries are generally less correlated to global economic cycles than those of their more developed counterparts and their markets have low trading volumes and the potential for extreme currency fluctuations, price volatility and illiquidity. This volatility may be further heightened by the actions of a few major investors or of governments in frontier markets. These factors make investing in frontier market countries significantly riskier than in other countries and any one of them could cause the price of a fund's shares to decline. An investment in frontier market securities should be considered speculative.

**Growth Stocks:** Returns on growth stocks may not move in tandem with returns on other categories of stocks or the market as a whole. Growth stocks typically are particularly sensitive to market movements and may involve larger price swings because their market prices tend to reflect future expectations. When it appears those expectations may not be met, the prices of growth stocks typically fall. Growth stocks can be volatile for several reasons. Since growth companies usually reinvest a high proportion of their earnings in their own businesses, they may lack the dividends often associated with value stocks that could cushion their decline in a falling market. The values of growth stocks also tend to go down when interest rates rise because the rise in interest rates reduces the current value of future cash flows. Also, since investors buy growth stocks because of their expected superior earnings growth, earnings disappointments often result in sharp price declines. Certain types of growth stocks, particularly technology stocks, can be extremely volatile and subject to greater price swings than the broader market. Growth stocks as a group may be out of favor and underperform the overall equity market for a long period of time, for example, while the market favors "value" stocks.

------

**Hedging:** A fund may buy and sell futures contracts, put and call options, forward contracts, and other instruments as a hedge. Some hedging strategies could hedge a fund's portfolio against price fluctuations. Other hedging strategies would tend to increase a fund's exposure to the securities market. Forward contracts could be used to try to manage foreign currency risks on a fund's foreign investments. A fund's hedging strategies may not work as intended, and the fund may be in a less favorable position than if it had not used a hedging instrument.

**High-Yield Debt Securities:** High-yield debt securities, commonly referred to as "junk" bonds, are securities that are rated below "investment grade" (that is, securities rated below Baa/BBB) or are unrated securities of comparable quality. A fund that invests in high-yield debt securities may be subject to greater levels of credit risk, liquidity risk, and market risk than funds that do not invest in such securities. High-yield debt securities typically have a higher risk of issuer default because, among other reasons, issuers of junk bonds often have more debt in relation to total capitalization than issuers of investment grade securities. These securities are considered speculative, tend to be volatile and less liquid, and are more difficult to value than higher rated securities and may involve major risk of exposure to adverse conditions and negative sentiments, which may result in losses for the fund. These securities may be in default or in danger of default as to principal and interest. High-yield debt securities range from those for which the prospect for repayment of principal and interest is predominantly speculative to those which are currently in default on principal or interest payments or in bankruptcy. In the event of an issuer's bankruptcy, claims of other creditors may have priority over the claims of high-yield debt holders, leaving few or no assets available to repay high-yield debt holders. This could result in the fund losing its entire investment. High-yield securities are not generally meant for short-term investing. Unrated securities of comparable quality share these risks.

**Inflation:** The value of assets or income from investment may be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of a fund's assets can decline as can the value of the fund's distributions.

**Inflation-Protected Securities:** Inflation-protected debt securities may react differently from other types of debt securities and tend to react to changes in "real" interest rates. Real interest rates represent nominal (stated) interest rates reduced by the expected impact of inflation. In general, the price of an inflation-protected debt security can fall when real interest rates rise, and can rise when real interest rates fall. Interest payments on inflation-protected debt securities can be unpredictable and will vary as the principal and/or interest is adjusted for inflation. The market for U.S. Treasury inflation-protected securities ("TIPS") and corporate inflation-protected securities ("CIPS") may be less developed or liquid, and more volatile, than certain other securities markets. Also, the inflation index utilized by a particular inflation-protected security may not accurately reflect the true rate of inflation, in which case the market value of the security could be adversely affected.

**Interest Rate:** When interest rates rise, the value of fixed-income securities will generally fall. A change in interest rates will not have the same impact on all fixed-income securities. Generally, the longer the maturity or duration of a fixed-income security, the greater the impact of a rise in interest rates on the security's value. In addition, different interest rate measures (such as short- and long-term interest rates and U.S. and foreign interest rates), or interest rates on different types of securities or securities of different issuers, may not necessarily change in the same amount or in the same direction. A fund may not be able to hedge against changes in interest rates, may choose not to do so for cost or other reasons, and even if the fund does, the hedge may not work as intended. A significant or rapid rise in rates may result in losses. Changes in interest rates also may affect the liquidity of a fund's investments. When interest rates go down, the income received by a fund, and the fund's yield, may decline. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to sell fixed-income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed-income securities generally and could also result in increased redemptions from the fund. Increased redemptions could cause the fund to sell securities at inopportune times or depressed prices and result in further losses. The maturity of a security may be significantly longer than its duration. A security's maturity and other features may be more relevant than its duration in determining the security's sensitivity to other factors affecting the issuer or markets generally such as changes in credit quality or in the yield premium that the market may establish for certain types of securities.

Duration is a measure of the expected life of a fixed-income security that is used to determine the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. Fixed-income securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than securities with shorter durations. Similarly, a fund with a longer average portfolio duration will generally be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration. By way of example, the price of a bond fund with an average duration of five years would be expected to fall approximately 5% if interest rates rose by one percentage point.

Certain fixed-income securities pay interest at variable or floating rates. Variable rate securities tend to reset at specified intervals, while floating rate securities may reset whenever there is a change in a specified index rate. In most cases, these reset provisions reduce the impact of changes in market interest rates on the value of the security. However, some securities do not track the underlying index directly, but reset based on formulas that may produce a leveraging effect; others may also provide for interest payments that vary inversely with market rates. The market prices of these securities may fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. If the

------

fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the net asset value of the fund's shares. Some variable and floating rate securities are tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), and thus they also subject the fund to "LIBOR" risk.

**Large Capitalization Companies:** A fund's investments in larger, more established companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion. As a result, a fund's value may not rise as much as, or may fall more than, the value of funds that focus on companies with smaller market capitalizations.

**Large Shareholder:** The Transamerica Asset Allocation funds designated Conservative, Moderate, Moderate Growth and Growth, the Transamerica Asset Allocation Horizon Funds designated Short, Intermediate and Long, and the ClearTrack<sup>®</sup> target date funds, each a separate series of Transamerica Funds, as well as the Transamerica JPMorgan Asset Allocation portfolios designated Conservative, Growth, Moderate Growth, Moderate and International Moderate Growth, and Transamerica 60/40 Allocation VP, Transamerica Goldman Sachs 70/30 Allocation VP and Transamerica BlackRock Tactical Allocation VP, each a separate series of Transamerica Series Trust, are asset allocation funds (the "Asset Allocation Funds") that invest in certain series of Transamerica Funds and may own a significant portion of the shares of an underlying fund.

Unaffiliated funds (the "Unaffiliated Funds") may invest in series of Transamerica Funds subject to the fund of funds restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Unaffiliated Funds with exemptive relief from the SEC may invest in an underlying fund beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions. An Unaffiliated Fund may own a significant portion of the shares of an underlying fund.

Transactions by the Asset Allocation Funds and/or the Unaffiliated Funds may be disruptive to the management of an underlying fund. An underlying fund may experience large redemptions or investments due to transactions in fund shares by the Asset Allocation Funds and/or the Unaffiliated Funds. While it is impossible to predict the overall effect of these transactions over time, there could be an adverse impact on an underlying fund's performance. In the event of such redemptions or investments, an underlying fund could be required to sell securities or to invest cash at a time when it may not otherwise desire to do so. Such transactions may increase an underlying fund's brokerage and/or other transaction costs. In addition, when the Asset Allocation Funds and/or the Unaffiliated Funds own a substantial portion of an underlying fund's shares, a large redemption by an Asset Allocation Fund and/or an Unaffiliated Fund could cause actual expenses to increase, or could result in the underlying fund's current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the underlying fund's expense ratio.

Redemptions of underlying fund shares could also accelerate the realization of taxable capital gains in an underlying fund if sales of securities result in capital gains. The impact of these transactions is likely to be greater when an Asset Allocation Fund and/or an Unaffiliated Fund purchases, redeems, or owns a substantial portion of an underlying fund's shares.

When possible, TAM and/or the sub-adviser will consider how to minimize these potential adverse effects, and may take such actions as it deems appropriate to address potential adverse effects, including carrying out the transactions over a period of time, although there can be no assurance that such actions will be successful.

**Legal and Regulatory:** Legal and regulatory changes could occur that may adversely affect a fund, its investments, and its ability to pursue its investment strategies and/or increase the costs of implementing such strategies. New or revised laws or regulations may be imposed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Federal Reserve or other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that could adversely affect a fund. A fund also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations.

New derivatives regulations require a fund, to the extent it uses derivatives to a material extent, to, among other things, comply with certain overall limits on leverage. These regulations may limit the ability of a fund to pursue its investment strategies and may not be effective to mitigate a fund's risk of loss from derivatives.

**LIBOR:** Many financial instruments, financings or other transactions to which a fund may be a party use or may use a floating rate based on the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). LIBOR is widely used in financial markets. In 2017, the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced that it will no longer encourage nor require banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The UK Financial Conduct Authority and LIBOR's administrator announced that the use of LIBOR will be phased out; most LIBOR rates are no longer published as of the end of 2021 and a majority of U.S. dollar LIBOR rates will no longer be

------

published after June 30, 2023. It is possible that a subset of LIBOR rates may be published after these dates on a "synthetic" basis, but any such publications would be considered non-representative of the underlying market. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates to LIBOR in most major currencies. Based on the recommendations of the New York Federal Reserve's Alternative Reference Rate Committee (comprised of major derivative market participants and their regulators), the U.S. Federal Reserve began publishing a Secured Overnight Funding Rate ("SOFR") that is intended to replace U.S. Dollar LIBOR. Proposals for alternative reference rates for other currencies have also been announced or have already begun publication, such as Sterling Overnight Indexed Average ("SONIA") in the United Kingdom. Markets are slowly developing in response to these new rates, and transition planning is at a relatively early stage. Neither the effect of the transition process nor its ultimate success is known. The transition process may lead to increased volatility and illiquidity in markets for instruments the terms of which are based on LIBOR. It could also lead to a reduction in the value of some LIBOR-based investments and reduce the effectiveness of new hedges placed against existing LIBOR-based investments. The effect of any changes to, or discontinuation of, LIBOR on a fund will vary depending on, among other things, provisions in individual contracts and whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and alternative reference rates for both legacy and new products and instruments. Any of these factors may adversely affect a fund's performance or NAV.

**Liquidity:** A fund may make investments that are illiquid or that become illiquid after purchase. Investments may become illiquid due to the lack of an active market, a reduced number of traditional market participants, legal or contractual restrictions on resale, or reduced capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in securities. Regulations such as the Volcker Rule or future regulations may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased volatility. As a general matter, a reduction in the willingness or ability of dealers and other institutional investors to make markets in fixed-income securities may result in even less liquidity in certain markets. Liquidity risk may be magnified in rising interest rate environments. Illiquid investments can be difficult to value. If a fund is forced to sell less liquid or illiquid investments to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may be forced to sell at a substantial loss (or may not be able to sell at all), and such sale may involve additional costs. In addition, securities, once sold by a fund, may not settle for an extended period (for example, several weeks or even longer). The fund will not receive its sales proceeds until that time, which may constrain the fund's ability to meet its obligations (including obligations to redeeming shareholders). Liquidity of particular investments, or even entire asset classes, including U.S. Treasury securities, can deteriorate rapidly, particularly during times of market turmoil, and those investments may be difficult or impossible for a fund to sell. This may prevent a fund from limiting losses. Further, when there is illiquidity in the market for certain investments, a fund, due to limitations on illiquid investments, may be unable to achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector or asset class. A fund is required by law to maintain a liquidity risk management program to assess and manage the fund's liquidity risk. This program is intended to reduce liquidity risk, but may not achieve the desired results. Analyses and judgments made under the program may be incorrect, and changes in market conditions, which may be rapid and unexpected, may adversely affect the program.

**Management:** The value of your investment in a fund may go down if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's judgments and decisions are incorrect or otherwise do not produce the desired results. For example, the value of your investment in a fund may go down if its investment manager's or sub-adviser's judgment about the quality, relative yield or value of, or market trends affecting, a particular security or issuer, industry, sector, region or market segment, or about the economy or interest rates, is incorrect. A fund may also suffer losses if there are imperfections, errors or limitations in the quantitative, analytic or other tools, resources, information and data used, or the analyses employed or relied on, by its investment manager or sub-adviser, if such tools, resources, information or data are used incorrectly, fail to produce the desired results or otherwise do not work as intended, or if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's investment style is out of favor or otherwise fails to produce the desired results. A fund's investment strategies may not work as intended or may otherwise fail to produce the desired results. In addition, a fund's investment strategies or policies may change from time to time. Legislative, regulatory or tax developments may also affect the investment techniques available to an investment manager or sub-adviser in connection with managing a fund. Those changes and developments may not lead to the results intended by the investment manager or sub-adviser and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the fund. Any of these things could cause a fund to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

**Market:** The market prices of a fund's securities and other assets may go up or down, sometimes sharply and unpredictably, due to general market conditions, overall economic trends or events, inflation, changes in interest rates, government actions or interventions, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by tariffs, trade disputes or other factors, political developments, armed conflicts, economic sanctions, cybersecurity events, investor sentiment, the public health events such as the spread of infectious disease, and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. The market prices of securities and other assets also may go down due to events or conditions that affect particular sectors, industries, issuers, or geographies. Adverse market conditions may be prolonged and may not have the same impact on all types of securities or other assets. If the value of the fund's securities and assets fall, the value of your investment will go down. A fund may experience a substantial or complete loss on any individual security or asset.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Events or circumstances in one or more countries or regions could be highly disruptive to, and have profound impacts on, global economies or markets. In the past decade, financial markets throughout the world have experienced increased volatility and decreased liquidity. These conditions may continue

------

or worsen. As a result, whether or not a fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of a fund's investments may go down. Securities markets may also be susceptible to market manipulation or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or adversely affect the value of securities traded in these markets, including a fund's securities.

*Recent Market Events*

Although its effects have begun to dissipate, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in economic downturns throughout the world, severe losses, particularly to some sectors of the economy and individual issuers, reduced liquidity of many instruments. The COVID-19 pandemic also caused significant disruptions to business operations, including business closures; strained healthcare systems; disruptions to supply chains and employee availability; large fluctuations in consumer demand; large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic; and widespread uncertainty regarding the duration and long-term effects of the pandemic.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February, 2022, the resulting responses by the United States and other countries, and the potential for wider conflict, have increased and may continue to increase volatility and uncertainty in financial markets worldwide. The United States and other countries have imposed broad-ranging economic sanctions on Russia and Russian entities and individuals, and may impose additional sanctions, including on other countries that provide military or economic support to Russia. These sanctions, among other things, restrict companies from doing business with Russia and Russian issuers, and may adversely affect companies with economic or financial exposure to Russia and Russian issuers. The duration, extent and repercussions of Russia's military actions are not yet fully known and may not be for some time. The invasion may widen beyond Ukraine and may escalate, including through retaliatory actions and cyberattacks by Russia and even other countries. These events may result in further and significant market disruptions and may adversely affect regional and global economies including those of Europe and the United States. Certain industries and markets, such as those involving oil, natural gas and other commodities, as well as global supply chains, may be particularly adversely affected. Whether or not a fund invests in securities of issuers located in Russia, Ukraine and adjacent countries or with significant exposure to issuers in these countries, these events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of a fund's investments.

Rates of inflation have recently risen. Inflation has affected the global economy and global financial markets. Inflation occurs when prices increase and the purchasing power of money decreases. The value of assets or income from an investment may be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of a fund's assets can decline as can the value of a fund's distributions. Inflation often is accompanied or followed by a recession, or period of decline in economic activity, which may include job loss and other hardships and may cause the value of securities to go down generally. Governments around the world, including the U.S. government, have taken steps designed to manage inflation, including raising interest rates, and interest rates may remain elevated or may rise further.

**Mortgage-Related and Asset-Backed Securities:** The value of mortgage-related and asset-backed securities will be influenced by factors affecting the housing market and the assets underlying such securities. As a result, during periods of declining asset values, difficult or frozen credit markets, swings in interest rates, or deteriorating economic conditions, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities may decline in value, face valuation difficulties, become more volatile and/or become illiquid, which could negatively impact the fund's net asset value. Mortgage-backed securities may be issued by private issuers, by government-sponsored entities such as Fannie Mae (formally known as Federal National Mortgage Association) or Freddie Mac (formally known as Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation) or by agencies of the U.S. government, such as the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"). Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are collateralized by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property. Unlike mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government or government-sponsored entities, mortgage-related securities issued by private issuers do not have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee (but may have other credit enhancement), and may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics. Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as installment sales or loan contracts, leases, credit card receivables and other categories of receivables. Certain asset-backed securities present a heightened level of risk because, in the event of default, the liquidation value of the underlying assets may be inadequate to pay any unpaid principal or interest.

The value of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may be affected by changes in credit quality or value of the mortgage loans or other assets that support the securities. Some of these securities may receive little or no collateral protection from the underlying assets. The risk of default is generally higher in the case of mortgage-backed investments that include so-called "sub-prime" mortgages. For mortgage-backed securities, when market conditions result in an increase in the default rates on the underlying mortgages and the foreclosure values of the underlying real estate are below the outstanding amount of the underlying mortgages, collection of the full amount of accrued interest and principal on these investments may be doubtful.

------

Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment or call and extension risks. The structure of some of these securities may be complex and there may be less available information than for other types of debt securities. Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults, a fund may become the holder of underlying assets at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or may be sold only at a loss.

**Municipal Securities:** Issuers of municipal securities tend to derive a significant portion of their revenue from taxes, particularly property and income taxes, and decreases in personal income levels and property values and other unfavorable economic factors, such as a general economic recession, adversely affect municipal securities. Municipal issuers may also be adversely affected by rising health care costs, increasing unfunded pension liabilities and by the phasing out of federal programs providing financial support. Where municipal securities are issued to finance particular projects, especially those relating to education, health care, transportation, housing, water or sewer and utilities, issuers often depend on revenues from those projects to make principal and interest payments. Adverse conditions and developments in those sectors can result in lower revenues to issuers of municipal securities and can also have an adverse effect on the broader municipal securities market. To the extent a fund invests significantly in a single state, or in securities the payments on which are dependent upon a single project or source of revenues, or that relate to a sector or industry, such as health care, the fund will be more susceptible to associated risks and developments. Municipal issuers may be more susceptible to downgrades or defaults during recessions or similar periods of economic stress. A number of municipal issuers have defaulted on obligations, commenced insolvency proceedings, or suffered credit downgrading. Financial difficulties of municipal issuers may continue or worsen.

There may be less public information available on municipal issuers or projects than other issuers, and valuing municipal securities may be more difficult. In addition, the secondary market for municipal securities is less well developed and liquid than other markets, and dealers may be less willing to offer and sell municipal securities in times of market turbulence. Changes in the financial condition of one or more individual municipal issuers (or one or more insurers of municipal issuers), or one or more defaults by municipal issuers or insurers, can adversely affect liquidity and valuations in the overall market for municipal securities. The value of municipal securities can also be adversely affected by regulatory and political developments affecting the ability of municipal issuers to pay interest or repay principal, actual or anticipated tax law changes or other legislative actions, and by uncertainties and public perceptions concerning these and other factors.

The rate of interest paid on municipal securities normally is lower than the rate of interest paid on fully taxable securities. Some municipal securities, such as general obligation issues, are backed by the issuer's taxing authority, while other municipal securities, such as revenue issues, are backed only by revenues from certain facilities or other sources and not by the issuer itself.

The municipal market can be susceptible to unusual volatility, particularly for lower-rated and unrated securities. Liquidity can be reduced unpredictably in response to overall economic conditions or credit tightening.

To the extent that a fund invests in municipal securities whose issuers are located in a single state, such as California, the fund will be more susceptible to economic, political and other developments that may adversely affect issuers in that state than are funds whose portfolios are more geographically diverse. These developments may include state or local legislation or policy changes, voter-passed initiatives, erosion of the tax base or reduction in revenues of the state or one or more local governments, the effects of terrorist acts or the threat of terrorist acts, the effects of possible natural disasters, or other economic or credit problems affecting the state generally or any individual locality. The major sources of revenues for local government, property taxes and sales taxes, as well as fees based on real estate development, are all adversely affected by the recent economic recession. Unfavorable developments in any economic sector may adversely affect a particular state's overall municipal market. Historically, California's economy has been more volatile than that of the nation as a whole. Although California has a relatively diversified economy, California has concentrations in high technology, trade, entertainment, agriculture, manufacturing, tourism, construction, government and services.

Investment in municipal securities of issuers in U.S. territories may have more risks than in tax-exempt securities issued by other issuers. Municipal securities issued by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or its agencies carry substantial risks. From 2017-2022, the Commonwealth, its Sales Tax Financing Corporation, Highways and Transportation Authority, Employees' Retirement System, Public Buildings Authority, and Aqueduct and Sewer Authority, were subject to the equivalent of municipal bankruptcy proceedings, known as "PROMESA" cases. During those proceedings, these municipal entities were unable to issue new municipal securities or repay existing municipal debt. At this time, Puerto Rico's Electric Power Authority ("PREPA") remains in such proceedings and subject to such restrictions. Moreover, the validity of PREPA's debt instruments (and thus whether the holders are entitled to any recovery at all) has been called into question and may be litigated as part of its PROMESA case. PROMESA is a novel federal law and many of its provisions have been disputed. Those agencies of the Commonwealth that are not currently debtors in PROMESA proceedings at this time may enter such proceedings in the future and, in any event, can be expected to be subject to many of the same stressors that caused the proceedings mentioned above. For these and other reasons, the timing and rate of recovery on municipal securities that have been or will be issued by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or any of its agencies are highly unpredictable.

------

**Non-Diversification:** As a "non-diversified" fund, a fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. To the extent a fund invests its assets in a smaller number of issuers, it may be more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence or other negative events affecting those issuers than a diversified fund.

**Operational:** Your ability to transact with a fund or the valuation of your investment may be negatively impacted because of the operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors and human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology (including as a result of cybersecurity incidents), changes in personnel, and errors caused by third party service providers or trading counterparties. It is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a fund or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. A fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

**Prepayment or Call:** Many fixed-income securities give the issuer the option to repay or call the security prior to its maturity date. Issuers often exercise this right when interest rates fall. Accordingly, if a fund holds a fixed-income security subject to prepayment or call risk, it will not benefit fully from the increase in value that other fixed-income securities generally experience when interest rates fall. Upon prepayment of the security, a fund would also be forced to reinvest the proceeds at then current yields, which would be lower than the yield of the security that was paid off. This may adversely affect a fund's net asset value. In addition, if a fund purchases a fixed-income security at a premium (at a price that exceeds its stated par or principal value), the fund may lose the amount of the premium paid in the event of prepayment.

**Privately Placed and Other Restricted Securities**: Restricted securities, which include private placements of private and public companies, are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on their resale. Restricted securities may be difficult to sell at the time and price a fund prefers. Restricted Securities include securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A, and securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers initially offered and sold outside the United States pursuant to Regulation S. Restricted securities also include private placements of securities with agreed upon contractual restrictions on the resale of such securities that are in addition to applicable legal restrictions.

Restricted securities may be difficult to value properly and may involve greater risks than securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale. Restricted securities may be difficult to value because market quotations may not be readily available, and the securities may have significant volatility. Also, a fund may get only limited information about the issuer of a given restricted security, and therefore may be less able to predict a loss. Restricted securities may involve a high degree of business and financial risk, which may result in substantial losses.

An insufficient number of eligible buyers interested in purchasing restricted securities held by a fund could adversely affect the marketability of such securities and a fund might be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices. For this reason, restricted securities may adversely affect a fund's overall liquidity if eligible buyers are or become uninterested in buying them at a particular time.

Restricted securities may not be listed on an exchange and may have no active trading market. A fund may not always be able to sell such securities without experiencing delays in finding buyers or reducing the sale price for such securities. A fund may incur additional expense when disposing of restricted securities, including all or a portion of the cost to register the securities for resale, and other transaction costs which may be higher for restricted securities than unrestricted securities.

**Redemption:** A fund may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause the fund to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value, particularly during periods of declining or illiquid markets. In that event, the value of your investment in the fund would go down. If a fund is required to liquidate assets to accommodate redemptions, the liquidation could accelerate the recognition of capital gains by the fund, and any capital gains recognized by the fund generally need to be distributed to shareholders in order to avoid fund-level taxation. The non-redeeming shareholders could receive a disproportionate amount of those taxable distributions, even though the capital gains were recognized as a result of the redeeming shareholders. Redemption risk is greater to the extent that a fund has investors with large shareholdings, short investment horizons, or unpredictable cash flow needs. In addition, redemption risk is heightened during periods of overall market turmoil. The redemption by one or more large shareholders of their holdings in a fund could hurt performance and/or cause the remaining shareholders in the fund to lose money. Further, a fund's redemption risk is increased if one decision maker has control of fund shares owned by separate fund shareholders, including clients or affiliates of the investment manager and/or sub-adviser.

**Regulatory:** In recent years, the U.S. government adopted and implemented regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives as well as margin, reporting and registration requirements. Additional U.S. or other regulations may make derivatives more costly, may limit the availability of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act (the "Reform Act") substantially increased regulation of the over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives market and participants in that market, including imposing clearing and reporting requirements on transactions involving instruments that fall within the Reform Act's definition of "swap" and "security-based swap," which terms generally include OTC derivatives, and imposing registration and potential substantive requirements on certain swap and

------

security-based swap market participants. In addition, under the Reform Act, a fund may be subject to additional recordkeeping and reporting requirements. New Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act provides a comprehensive regulatory framework for the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, such as a fund, and set limits on a fund's investments in derivatives. New Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act provides an enhanced regulatory framework applicable to fund of fund arrangements. New Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act establishes an updated regulatory framework for registered investment company valuation practices. The ultimate impact of the new rules remains unclear. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which a fund itself is regulated. The impact of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented on the ability of a fund to use swaps or any other financial derivative product is not known at this time, and there can be no assurance that any new government regulation will not adversely affect the fund's ability to achieve its investment objective.

**Repurchase Agreements:** In a repurchase agreement, a fund purchases securities from a broker-dealer or a bank, called the counterparty, upon the agreement of the counterparty to repurchase the securities from the fund at a later date, and at a specified price, which is typically higher than the purchase price paid by the fund. The securities purchased serve as the fund's collateral for the obligation of the counterparty to repurchase the securities. If the counterparty does not repurchase the securities, the fund is entitled to sell the securities, but the fund may not be able to sell them for the price at which they were purchased, thus causing a loss. If the counterparty becomes insolvent, there is some risk that the fund will not have a right to the securities, or the immediate right to sell the securities.

**Securities Lending:** Each fund may lend securities to other financial institutions that provide cash or U.S. government or agency securities as collateral. When a fund lends portfolio securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned, and the fund will also receive a fee or interest on the collateral. Securities lending involves the risk that the borrower may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. As a result, a fund may lose money and there may be a delay in recovering the loaned securities. A fund could also lose money if it does not recover the securities and/or the value of the cash or non-cash collateral falls, including the value of investments made with cash collateral. These events could trigger adverse tax consequences for a fund.

**Small and Medium Capitalization Companies:** Investing in small- and medium-sized companies involves greater risk than is customarily associated with more established companies. The prices of securities of small and medium capitalization companies generally are more volatile than those of large capitalization companies and are more likely to be adversely affected than large capitalization companies by changes in earnings results and investor expectations or poor economic or market conditions. Securities of small and medium capitalization companies may underperform large capitalization companies, may be harder to sell at times and at prices the portfolio managers believe appropriate and may offer greater potential for losses. Smaller capitalization companies often have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources and their management may lack depth and experience. Such companies usually do not pay significant dividends that could cushion returns in a falling market.

**Sovereign Debt:** Sovereign debt instruments, which are debt obligations issued or guaranteed by a foreign governmental entity, are subject to the risk that the governmental entity may delay or fail to pay interest or repay principal on debt that it has issued or guaranteed, due, for example, to cash flow problems, insufficient foreign currency reserves, political considerations, relationships with other lenders such as commercial banks, the relative size of the governmental entity's debt position in relation to the economy or the failure to put in place economic reforms required by the International Monetary Fund or other multilateral agencies. If a governmental entity defaults, it may ask for more time in which to pay or for further loans, the debt may be restructured, or it may ask for forgiveness of interest or principal on its existing debt. Unlike most corporate debt restructurings, the fees and expenses of financial and legal advisers to the creditors in connection with a restructuring may be borne by the holders of the sovereign debt securities instead of the sovereign entity itself. On the other hand, a governmental entity may be unwilling to renegotiate the terms of its sovereign debt. There is no established legal process for a U.S. bondholder (such as a fund) to enforce its rights against a governmental entity that does not fulfill its obligations, nor are there bankruptcy proceedings through which all or part of the sovereign debt that a governmental entity has not repaid may be collected.

Certain countries in Europe currently have large sovereign debts and/or fiscal deficits which has led to significant uncertainties in the market as to whether or not the governments of those countries will be able pay in full and on time the amounts due in respect of those debts.

**Strategies and Styles:** Investment strategies and styles with different characteristics tend to shift in and out of favor depending upon market and economic conditions as well as investor sentiment. A fund may outperform or underperform other funds that employ a different strategy or style. A fund may employ a combination of strategies and/or styles that impact its risk characteristics.

**Sustainability and Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") Considerations (Transamerica Long Credit and Transamerica UltraShort Bond):** Applying sustainability and/or ESG factors as part of a fund's security selection process may impact a sub-adviser's investment decisions. Sustainability and ESG factors are not uniformly defined and applying such factors involves subjective assessments. Sustainability and ESG ratings and assessments of issuers can vary across investment advisers (including sub-advisers) and third party data providers and may change over time. Sustainability and ESG factors can be difficult to

------

apply consistently across issuers, regions, countries, industries or sectors. The application of these factors could negatively impact a fund's performance. Sustainability and ESG information from issuers and from third party data providers may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable, which could lead to an incorrect assessment of a company's sustainability or ESG characteristics.

**Sustainability Investing (Transamerica International Sustainable Equity and Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity):** Applying a sustainability assessment framework to a sub-adviser's investment analysis for a fund may impact the sub-adviser's investment decisions as to securities of certain issuers and, therefore, the fund may forgo some investment opportunities available to funds that do not apply sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. Applying sustainability criteria may impact a fund's exposure to risks associated with certain issuers, industries and sectors, which may impact the fund's investment performance. Securities of companies meeting the sub-adviser's sustainability criteria may shift into and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions, and a fund's performance may at times be better or worse than the performance of similar funds that do not utilize sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. "Sustainability" is not a uniformly defined characteristic and applying sustainability criteria involves subjective assessment. A fund's investments may include securities of issuers that derive revenue from non-sustainable activities. Sustainability information from third party data providers may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable, which could lead to an incorrect assessment of a company's sustainability characteristics.

**Tax:** In order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (a "RIC") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"), a fund must meet certain requirements regarding the composition of its income, the diversification of its assets, and the amounts of its distributions. In particular, a fund must generally diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year, at least 50% of the value of the fund's total assets is represented by (1) cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and (2) other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the fund's total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. If a fund were to fail to meet any of these requirements, the fund might not be eligible for treatment as a RIC, in which case it would be subject to federal income tax on its net income at the applicable corporate rate (without reduction for distributions to shareholders). The fund may be able to preserve its RIC qualification by meeting certain conditions, in which case it may be subject to certain additional taxes.

Any income a fund derives from investments in certain hard asset ETFs, such as certain commodity ETFs, and from other non-qualifying sources must be limited to a maximum of 10% of the fund's gross income. If a fund fails to meet the 10% requirement, the fund may be subject to the federal income tax consequences described in the preceding paragraph. A fund may invest no more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of entities treated as qualified publicly traded partnerships for federal income tax purposes. If a fund fails to meet the 25% requirement, the fund may be subject to the federal income tax consequences described in the preceding paragraph.

An MLP is an entity treated as a partnership under the Internal Revenue Code, the partnership interests of which are traded on securities exchanges like shares of corporate stock. To qualify as an MLP, an entity must receive at least 90% of its income from qualifying sources such as interest, dividends, income and gain from mineral or natural resources activities, income and gain from the transportation or storage of certain fuels, and, in certain circumstances, income and gain from commodities or futures, forwards and options with respect to commodities. For this purpose, mineral or natural resources activities include exploration, development, production, mining, refining, marketing and transportation (including pipelines) of oil and gas, minerals, geothermal energy, fertilizer, timber or industrial source carbon dioxide. If it does not so qualify, it will generally be subject to tax as a corporation. <br>Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to a fund from investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce the fund's taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in the fund's income in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the fund at the time the deductions were taken by the fund, and even though those shareholders may not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. In order to distribute recapture income or to fund redemption requests, a fund may need to liquidate investments, which may lead to additional recapture income.

**U.S. Government and Agency Obligations:** Government agency obligations have different levels of credit support and, therefore, different degrees of credit risk. Securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government that are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, such as the Federal Housing Administration and Ginnie Mae, present little credit risk. Other securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities sponsored by the U.S. government that are supported only by the issuer's right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, subject to certain limitations, such as securities issued by Federal Home Loan Banks and securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities sponsored by the U.S. government that are supported only by the credit of the issuing agencies, such as Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, are subject to a greater degree of credit risk. A security backed by the "full faith and credit" of the U.S. government is guaranteed only as to its stated interest rate and face value at maturity, not its current market price.

------

**Valuation:** Many factors may influence the price at which a fund could sell any particular portfolio investment. The sales price may well differ — higher or lower — from a fund's last valuation, and such differences could be significant, particularly for illiquid securities, securities priced based upon valuations provided by third party pricing services that use matrix or evaluated pricing systems, securities that trade in relatively thin or volatile markets, or securities that are valued using a fair value methodology. These differences may increase significantly and affect fund investments more broadly during periods of market volatility. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments, a fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value methodologies. Investors who purchase or redeem fund shares on days when a fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive a greater or lesser number of shares, or greater or lower redemption proceeds, than they would have received if the fund had not fair-valued the securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The value of foreign securities, certain fixed-income securities and currencies, as applicable, may be materially affected by events after the close of the markets on which they are traded, but before a fund determines its net asset value. A fund's ability to value its investments may be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgment, which may prove to be incorrect.

**Warrants and Rights:** Warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments because they do not entitle a holder to the dividends or voting rights for the securities that may be purchased, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. Also, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities. If the warrant or right is not exercised before the expiration date, it generally expires without any value and the fund will lose any amount it paid for the warrant or right.

**Yield:** The amount of income received by the fund will go up or down depending on day-to-day variations in short-term interest rates, and the fund's expenses could absorb all or a significant portion of the fund's income. If interest rates increase, the fund's yield may not increase proportionately.

Please note that there are other factors that could adversely affect your investment in a fund and that could prevent the fund from achieving its investment objective. More information about risks appears in the SAI. Before investing, you should carefully consider the risks that you will assume.

**Shareholder Information**

**Management of Transamerica Funds**

The Board of Trustees is responsible for overseeing the management and business affairs of Transamerica Funds. It oversees the operation of Transamerica Funds by its officers. It also reviews the management of each fund's assets by the investment manager and sub-advisers. Information about the Trustees and executive officers of Transamerica Funds is contained in the Statement of Additional Information ("SAI").

**Investment Manager**

Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM"), located at 1801 California Street, Suite 5200, Denver, CO 80202, serves as investment manager for Transamerica Funds. TAM provides continuous and regular investment management services to the funds. For each of the funds, TAM currently acts as a "manager of managers" and hires investment sub-advisers to furnish investment advice and recommendations and has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with each fund's sub-adviser. In acting as a manager of managers, TAM provides investment management services that include, without limitation, selection, proactive oversight and monitoring of the sub-advisers, daily monitoring of the sub-advisers' buying and selling of securities for the funds and regular review and evaluation of sub-adviser performance and adherence to investment style and process. TAM's management services include, among other things, the provision of supervisory, compliance and administrative services to each fund. More information on the investment management services rendered by TAM is included in the SAI. TAM is paid investment management fees for its service as investment manager to each fund. These fees are calculated on the average daily net assets of each fund.

TAM has been a registered investment adviser since 1996. As of December 31, 2022, TAM has approximately $[ ] billion in total assets under management. The funds are operated by TAM pursuant to an exclusion from registration as a commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act.

TAM is directly owned by Transamerica Life Insurance Company ("TLIC") (77%) and AUSA Holding, LLC ("AUSA") (23%), both of which are indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries of Aegon NV. TLIC is owned by Commonwealth General Corporation ("Commonwealth"). Commonwealth and AUSA are wholly owned by Transamerica Corporation (DE). Transamerica Corporation (DE) is wholly owned by Aegon International B.V., which is wholly owned by Aegon NV, a Netherlands corporation, and a publicly traded international insurance group.

------

TAM acts as a manager of managers for the funds pursuant to an exemptive order from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") (Release IC- 23379 dated August 5, 1998). TAM has responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board of Trustees, to, among other matters, oversee and monitor sub-advisers, recommend selection of sub-advisers and recommend changes to sub-advisers where it believes appropriate or advisable. The exemptive order permits TAM, subject to certain conditions including the approval of the Board of Trustees, but without the approval of the applicable fund's shareholders, to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) employ a new unaffiliated sub-adviser for a fund pursuant to the terms of a new investment sub-advisory agreement, either as a replacement for an existing sub-adviser or as an additional sub-adviser;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) materially change the terms of any sub-advisory agreement; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) continue the employment of an existing sub-adviser on sub-advisory contract terms where a contract has been assigned because of a change of control of the sub-adviser.

Pursuant to the exemptive order, each fund has agreed to provide certain information about new sub-advisers and new sub-advisory agreements to its shareholders.

**Management Fees Paid for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2022**

As of the date of this prospectus, the funds had not operated for a full fiscal year, so no management fee is shown. Each fund's management fee schedule is shown below.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Fund Name** | **Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets** |
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.55% of the first $500 million<br> 0.53% over $500 million up to $1 billion<br> 0.52% over $1 billion up to $2 billion<br> 0.51% over $2 billion up to $3 billion<br> 0.50% in excess of $3 billion<br>|
| Transamerica Long Credit | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.45% of the first $1 billion<br> 0.44% in excess of $1 billion<br>|
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.48% of the first $500 million<br> 0.47% over $500 million up to $1 billion<br> 0.46% over $1 billion up to $2 billion<br> 0.45% in excess of $2 billion<br>|
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.17% of the first $1 billion<br> 0.16% in excess of $1 billion<br>|

---

***Trustees' Approval of Investment Management Agreement***

A discussion regarding the Board of Trustees' approval of each fund's investment management agreement will be available in each fund's semi-annual report for the fiscal period ending April 30, 2023.

**Sub-Adviser(s)**

Pursuant to an Investment Sub-advisory Agreement between TAM and each sub-adviser on behalf of the respective fund, each sub-adviser shall provide day-to-day investment advice and recommendations for the applicable fund.

Each sub-adviser receives compensation from TAM.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund** | **Sub-Adviser** | **Sub-Adviser Address** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Transamerica Long Credit<br> Transamerica UltraShort Bond<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Aegon USA Investment Management, <br> LLC<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 6300 C Street SW <br> Cedar Rapids, IA 52499<br>|
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | Calamos Advisors LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2020 Calamos Court<br> Naperville, IL 60563-2787<br>|
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | &nbsp;&nbsp; Westfield Capital Management <br> Company, L.P.<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1 Financial Center<br> Boston, MA 02111<br>|

---

**Further Information About Each Sub-Adviser**

Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC, a wholly-owned and indirect subsidiary of Aegon N.V., has been a registered investment adviser since December 2001. As of December 31, 2022, Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC had approximately $[ ] billion in total assets under management.

Calamos Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, has been a registered investment adviser since 1977. As of December 31, 2022, Calamos Advisors LLC had approximately $[ ] billion in total assets under management.

------

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. is 100% employee owned and has been an SEC-registered investment adviser since 1989. As of December 31, 2022, Westfield had approximately $[ ] billion in total assets under management.

**Portfolio Manager(s)**

Each fund is managed by the portfolio manager(s) listed below. The SAI provides additional information about each portfolio manager's compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager, and the portfolio manager's ownership in each fund they manage.

**Transamerica Long Credit** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Sub-Adviser** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Positions Over Past**<br> **Five Years**<br>|
| Bradley D. Doyle, CFA | Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; Portfolio <br> Manager with Aegon USA Investment <br> Management, LLC since 2004; Co-Head of <br> Investment Grade Credit from 2015-2017 and <br> Head of Investment Grade Credit since 2017<br>|
| Charles Foster, CFA | Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; Portfolio <br> Manager with Aegon USA Investment <br> Management, LLC since 2003<br>|
| Sivakumar N. Rajan | Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; Portfolio <br> Manager with Aegon USA Investment <br> Management, LLC since 2015; Portfolio Analyst <br> from 2013-2015; Quantitative Analyst from <br> 2007-2013<br>|

---

**Transamerica UltraShort Bond** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Sub-Adviser** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Positions Over Past**<br> **Five Years**<br>|
| Brian Barnhart, CFA | Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; Portfolio <br> Manager with Aegon USA Investment <br> Management, LLC since 2008; Head of <br> Short-Term Fixed Income since 2018<br>|
| Tyler A. Knight, CFA | Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; Portfolio <br> Manager with Aegon USA Investment <br> Management, LLC since 2008; Head of U.S. <br> Public Structured Finance since 2018<br>|
| Calvin Norris, CFA | Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; Portfolio <br> Manager with Aegon USA Investment <br> Management, LLC since 1992; Rates Strategist <br> since 2012<br>|

---

**Transamerica International Sustainable Equity** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Sub-Adviser** | **Positions Over Past Five Years** |
| James Madden, CFA | Calamos Advisors LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Co-Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; <br> Portfolio Manager with Calamos Advisors LLC <br> since 2021; Prior to Calamos Advisors LLC, <br> Portfolio Manager for Trillium Asset Management <br> from 2015-2021<br>|
| Anthony Tursich, CFA | Calamos Advisors LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Co-Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; <br> Portfolio Manager with Calamos Advisors LLC <br> since 2021; Prior to Calamos Advisors LLC, <br> Founder of Pearl Impact Capital, LLC from 2018 – <br> 2021; Prior to Pearl Impact Capital, LLC, Portfolio <br> Manager for Trillium Asset Management from <br> 2015-2018<br>|

---

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Sub-Adviser** | **Positions Over Past Five Years** |
| Beth Williamson | Calamos Advisors LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Associate Portfolio Manager of the fund since <br> 2023; Head of Sustainable Equity Research and <br> Associate Portfolio Manager with Calamos <br> Advisors LLC since 2022; Vice President with <br> Calamos Advisors LLC since 2021; Prior to <br> Calamos Advisors LLC, Director of ESG Research <br> and ESG Specialist for Trillium Asset Management <br> from 2015-2021<br>|

---

**Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Sub-Adviser** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Positions Over Past**<br> **Five Years**<br>|
| Paul D. McHugh, CFA | Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. | &nbsp;&nbsp; Lead Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; <br> Lead Portfolio Manager, Director of ESG Research <br> and Investment Committee Member at Westfield <br> Capital Management Company, L.P. since 2014<br>|
| William R. Gilchrist | Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. | &nbsp;&nbsp; Co-Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; <br> Portfolio Manager, Partner, Portfolio Analyst and <br> Investment Committee Member at Westfield <br> Capital Management Company, L.P. since 2007<br>|

---

***Trustees' Approval of Sub-Advisory Agreements***

A discussion regarding the Board of Trustees' approval of each applicable fund's investment sub-advisory agreement will be available in each fund's semi-annual report for the fiscal period ending April 30, 2023.

**Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings**

A detailed description of each fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio holdings is available in the SAI.

**Fund Expenses** 

During times of market volatility or decline, assets of your fund may decline significantly, causing total annual fund operating expenses (as a percentage of the value of your investment) to become higher than the numbers shown in your fund's Annual Fund Operating Expenses table under "Fees and Expenses" in this prospectus. In addition, the total annual fund operating expenses shown in your fund's Annual Fund Operating Expenses table may not correlate to the ratios of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights section of the prospectus, which reflect the operating expenses of your fund and do not include certain expenses such as acquired (i.e., underlying) funds' fees and expenses.

The "Other expenses" items in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses table for your fund include fees for custodial, legal and transfer agency services. "Other expenses" also include various other expenses applicable to each share class of your fund.

------

**How To Contact the Funds**

• Customer Service: 1-888-233-4339 – Monday through Friday; hours of operation as posted on the funds' website at www.transamerica.com/contact-us.

• Internet: www.transamerica.com

• Fax: 1-888-329-4339

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ***Mailing Address:***  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transamerica Fund Services, Inc.<br> P.O. Box 219945<br> Kansas City, MO 64121-9945<br>|
| ***Overnight Address:***  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transamerica Fund Services, Inc.<br> 330 W. 9th Street<br> Kansas City, MO 64105<br>|

---

**The Following Information Applies to Class A, Class C, Class I, Class R, Class R6 and Class T Shares (Class T Shares are Closed to New Investors). Certain funds also offer other share classes in separate prospectuses.**

**Opening an Account**

Fill out the New Account Application for the desired registration type, which is available on our website at www.transamerica.com, or call Customer Service. Transamerica Funds requires all applications to include an investment representative or an approved broker-dealer of record. An approved broker-dealer is one that is providing services under a valid dealer sales agreement with the funds' distributor. If you are an institutional entity or an employee of Transamerica and its affiliates that qualifies for Class I share purchases, Transamerica may not require a broker-dealer on your application at the time the account is established.

Federal regulations may require a fund to obtain, verify and record certain information from you and persons authorized to act on your behalf in order to establish an account. Required information includes name, date of birth (for an individual), permanent residential address or principal place of business and Social Security Number or Employer Identification Number. The fund may also ask to see other identifying documents. If you do not provide the information, the fund may not be able to open your account. Identifying information must be provided for each trader on an account. The fund may also place limits on account transactions while it is in the process of verifying your identity. If the fund is unable to verify your identity, or that of another person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or if the fund believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, the fund reserves the right to take action it deems appropriate or as required by law, which may include redeeming your shares and closing your account.

Additional shares may be purchased through a retirement plan's administrator, record-keeper or financial service firm serving as an intermediary. There is no minimum investment for eligible plans investing in Class R and R6 shares.

**Minimum Investment**

**Class A and Class C Shares:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Type of Account** | **Minimum**<br> **Initial**<br> **Investment** <br> **(per fund**<br> **account)**<br>| **Minimum**<br> **Subsequent**<br> **Investment**<br> **(per fund**<br> **account)**<br>|
| Regular Accounts | $1000  | $50 |
| IRA, Roth IRA or Coverdell ESA | $1000  | $50 |
| Employer-sponsored Retirement Plans (includes 403(b), SEP and SIMPLE IRA plans) | $1000  | $50 |
| Uniform Gift to Minors ("UGMA") or Transfer to Minors ("UTMA") | $1000  | $50 |
| Payroll Deduction and Automatic Investment Plans | $500 | $50\* |

---

**Class I Shares\*\*:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Type of Account** | **Minimum**<br> **Initial**<br> **Investment** <br> **(per fund**<br> **account)**<br>| **Minimum**<br> **Subsequent**<br> **Investment**<br> **(per fund**<br> **account)**<br>|
| Regular Accounts | $1000000  | N/A |
| IRA, Roth IRA or Coverdell ESA | $1000000  | N/A |

---

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Type of Account** | **Minimum**<br> **Initial**<br> **Investment** <br> **(per fund**<br> **account)**<br>| **Minimum**<br> **Subsequent**<br> **Investment**<br> **(per fund**<br> **account)**<br>|
| Employer-sponsored Retirement Plans (omnibus or plan level arrangements) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Waived | &nbsp;&nbsp; N/A |
| Uniform Gift to Minors ("UGMA") or Transfer to Minors ("UTMA") | $1000000  | &nbsp;&nbsp; N/A |
| Payroll Deduction and Automatic Investment Plans | $1000000  | $50 |

---

\*

Minimum monthly per fund account investment. <br>

\*\*

Class I shares are currently primarily offered for investment to institutional investors including, but not limited to, fee-based programs, qualified retirement plans, certain endowment plans and foundations and Directors, Trustees and employees of the funds' affiliates. Class I shares may also be available on certain brokerage platforms. An investor transacting in Class I shares through a broker acting as an agent for the investor may be required to pay a commission and/or other forms of compensation to the broker. The minimum investment for Class I shares is $1,000,000 per fund account, but will be waived for certain investors, including wrap accounts or fee-based programs, qualified retirement plans, certain endowment plans and foundations, financial intermediaries that submit trades on behalf of underlying investors, shareholders who received Class I shares in the conversion of Class P shares to Class I shares on February 10, 2012, Directors, Trustees and officers of any Transamerica-sponsored funds and employees of Transamerica and its affiliates. The minimum initial investment on Class I shares is waived for investors investing through the Merrill Lynch fee-based advisory platform.

Note: Transamerica Funds reserves the right to change the amount of these minimums from time to time or to waive them in whole or in part. Omnibus accounts maintained on behalf of certain 401(k) and other retirement plans are not subject to these account minimum requirements. The minimums may be waived for certain employer-sponsored retirement plans under which the employee limits his or her salary deferral purchase to one fund account. There are no minimums for "wrap" accounts for the benefit of clients of certain broker-dealers, financial institutions, or financial planners who have entered into arrangements with Transamerica Funds or Transamerica Capital, Inc., and for investments made by a retirement plan described in Section 401(a), 401(k), 401(m), 403(b) or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code.

**By Mail**

• Send your completed application and check made payable to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc.

**Through an Authorized Dealer**

• The dealer is responsible for opening your account and may need to provide Transamerica Funds with your taxpayer identification number.

**Buying Shares**

Investors may purchase shares of the funds at the "offering price" of the shares, which is the net asset value per share ("NAV") plus any applicable initial sales charge. Please note that purchase requests initiated through an automated service that exceed $50,000 per day may be rejected and must be submitted by check or via bank wire.

Please refer to the retirement plan documents for information on how to purchase Class R6 shares of the funds and any fees that may apply.

Transamerica Funds must receive your payment within two business days after your order is accepted.

Transamerica Funds or its agents may reject a request for purchase of shares at any time, in whole or in part, including any purchase under the exchange privilege, without notice and regardless of size. Each fund reserves the right to discontinue offering any class of shares at any time, to liquidate any class of shares or merge any class of shares into another class of shares, or to cease investment operations entirely.

Each fund reserves the right to make additional exceptions or otherwise to modify the foregoing policies at any time.

**By Check**

• Make your check payable and send to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc.

• If you are purchasing shares in an existing account(s), please reference your account number(s) and the Transamerica fund(s) in which you wish to invest. If you do not specify the fund(s) in which you wish to invest, and your referenced account is invested in one Transamerica fund, your check will be deposited into such fund. If you do not specify the fund(s) in which you wish to invest and own more than one fund, your investment may be rejected.

• Redemption proceeds will be withheld for up to 10 calendar days from the date of purchase for funds to clear.

• Transamerica Funds does not accept cash, money orders, traveler's checks, credit card convenience checks, counter checks or starter checks without pre-printed information. Cashier's checks and third party checks may be accepted, subject to approval by Transamerica Funds. We reserve the right to reject or accept any form of payment. Any unacceptable forms of payment will be returned.

• If you are opening a new account, send your completed application along with your check.

------

**By Automatic Investment Plan**

• With an Automatic Investment Plan ("AIP"), a level dollar amount is invested in fixed intervals and the payment is deducted electronically from your bank account. Due to your bank's requirements, please allow up to 30 days for your AIP to begin. Investments may be made between the 3rd and 28th of each month only, and will occur on the 15th if no selection is made. Call Customer Service for information on how to establish an AIP or visit our website to obtain an AIP request form.

**By Telephone**

• You may request an electronic transfer of funds from your bank account to your Transamerica Funds account. The electronic bank link option must be established in advance before Automated Clearing House ("ACH") purchases will be accepted. Call Customer Service or visit our website at www.transamerica.com for information on how to establish an electronic bank link. Due to your bank's requirements, please allow up to 30 days to establish this option.

**Through an Authorized Dealer**

• If your dealer has already established your account for you, no additional documentation is needed. Call your dealer to place your order. Transamerica Funds must receive your payment within two business days after your order is accepted.

**By Internet**

• You may request an electronic transfer of funds from your bank account to your Transamerica Funds account. The electronic bank link option must be established in advance before ACH purchases will be accepted. Call Customer Service or visit our website at www.transamerica.com for information on how to establish an electronic bank link. Due to your bank's requirements, please allow up to 30 days to establish this option.

**By Payroll Deduction**

• You may have money transferred regularly from your payroll to your Transamerica Funds account. Call Customer Service to establish this option.

**By Wire Transfer**

• You may request that your bank wire funds to your Transamerica Funds account (note that your bank may charge a fee for such service). You must have an existing account to make a payment by wire transfer. Ask your bank to send your payment to:

State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, MA, ABA#011000028 <br>Credit: Transamerica Funds Acct #00418533 <br>Ref: Shareholder name, Transamerica fund and account numbers.

• Shares will be purchased at the next determined public offering price after receipt of your wire if you have supplied all other required information.

**Other Information**

If your check, draft or electronic transfer is returned unpaid by your bank, you will be charged a fee of $20 for each item that has been returned.

Transamerica Funds reserves the right to terminate your electronic draft privileges if the drafts are returned unpaid by your bank.

Transamerica Funds or its agents may reject a request for purchase of shares at any time, in whole or in part, in its discretion for any reason at any time, and is not obligated to provide notice before rejecting or canceling an order, including, but not limited to, any purchase under the exchange privilege and any purchase request that does not include an investment representative or an approved broker-dealer.

**Selling Shares**

Shares may be sold (or "redeemed") on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business. Proceeds from the redemption of shares will normally be sent to redeeming shareholders within two business days after receipt of a redemption request in good order, but in any event within seven days, regardless of the method the fund uses to make such payment (e.g., check, wire or electronic funds transfer (ACH)). However, Transamerica Funds may postpone payment under certain circumstances, such as when the New York Stock Exchange is closed (other than on weekends or holidays) or trading is restricted, if an emergency exists, or otherwise as permitted by order of the SEC or authorized by law.

If you have recently purchased your shares by check or electronic funds transfer, your redemption payment may be delayed until the fund is reasonably satisfied that the check or electronic funds transfer has cleared (which may take up to ten calendar days). This delay may be avoided if you purchase shares by Federal Funds wire or certified check.

------

Please note that redemption requests greater than $50,000 per day must be submitted in writing. In addition, amounts greater than $50,000 cannot be sent via ACH (check or federal funds wire only). Additionally, requests totaling more than $100,000 must be in writing with an original signature guarantee for all shareholders. Certain direct institutional accounts may utilize alternative methods in place of a signature guarantee.

The electronic bank link option must be established in advance for payments made electronically to your bank such as ACH or expedited wire redemptions. Call Customer Service to verify this feature is in place on your account or to obtain information on how to establish the electronic bank link.

Shares are redeemed at NAV, minus any applicable sales charge.

**To request your redemption and receive payment:**

**Direct Deposit – ACH**

• You may request an "ACH redemption" in writing, by phone or by internet access to your account. The electronic bank link must be established in advance. Payment should usually be received by your bank account 2-4 banking days after your request is received in good order. Transamerica Funds does not charge for this payment option. Certain IRAs and qualified retirement plans may not be eligible to request redemptions via the internet.

**Direct Deposit – Wire**

• You may request an expedited wire redemption in writing or by phone. The electronic bank link must be established in advance. Otherwise, an original signature guarantee will be required. Wire redemptions have a minimum of $1,000 per wire. Payment should be received by your bank account the next banking day after your request is received in good order. Transamerica Funds charges $10 for this service. Your bank may charge a fee as well.

**Check to Address of Record**

• **Written Request –** Send a letter requesting a withdrawal to Transamerica Funds. Specify the fund, account number, and dollar amount or number of shares you wish to redeem. Be sure to include all shareholders' signatures and any additional documents, as well as an original signature guarantee(s) if required. If you are requesting a distribution from an IRA, federal tax withholding of 10% will apply unless you elect otherwise. If you elect to withhold, the minimum tax withholding rate is 10%.

• **Telephone or Internet Request –** You may request your redemption by phone or internet. Certain IRAs and qualified retirement plans may not be eligible.

**Check to Another Party/Address**

• This request must be in writing, regardless of amount, signed by all account owners with an original signature guarantee.

**Systematic Withdrawal Plan (by Direct Deposit – ACH or Check)**

• You can establish a Systematic Withdrawal Plan ("SWP") either at the time you open your account or at a later date. Systematic withdrawals may be made via ACH between the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 28<sup>th</sup> day of the month only, or via check on the 20<sup>th</sup> day of the month only. Call Customer Service for information on how to establish a SWP, or visit our website to obtain the appropriate form to complete.

**Through an Authorized Dealer**

• You may redeem your shares through an authorized dealer (they may impose a service charge). Contact your Registered Representative or Dealer for assistance.

**Your Request to Sell Your Shares and Receive Payment May Be Subject to:**

• The type of account you have and if there is more than one shareholder. For example, we may require additional documentation for certain account types or multiple signatures.

• The dollar amount you are requesting; redemptions over $50,000 must be in writing and those redemptions totaling more than $100,000 require a written request with an original signature guarantee for all shareholders on the account.

• A written request and original signature guarantee may be required if there have been recent changes made to your account (such as an address change) or other such circumstances. For your protection, if an address change was made in the last 10 days, Transamerica Funds requires a redemption request in writing, signed by all account owners with an original signature guarantee.

• When redeeming all shares from an account with an active AIP, your AIP will automatically be stopped. Please contact Customer Service if you wish to re-activate your AIP.

• Each fund reserves the right to refuse a telephone redemption request if it is believed it is advisable to do so. The telephone redemption option may be suspended or terminated at any time without advance notice.

• Redemption proceeds will be withheld for up to 10 calendar days from the date of purchase for funds to clear.

• If you request that a withdrawal check be delivered overnight, a $20 overnight fee will be charged.

Please see additional information relating to original signature guarantee later in this prospectus.

------

Shares will normally be redeemed for cash, although each fund retains the right to wholly or partly redeem its shares in kind, under unusual circumstances (such as adverse or unstable market, economic, or political conditions), in an effort to protect the interests of shareholders by the delivery of securities selected from its assets at its discretion. On the same redemption date, some shareholders may be paid in whole or in part in securities (which may differ among those shareholders), while other shareholders may be paid entirely in cash. The disposal of the securities received in-kind may be subject to brokerage costs and, until sold, such securities remain at market risk and liquidity risk, including the risk that such securities are or become difficult to sell. If the fund pays your redemption with illiquid or less liquid securities, you will bear the risk of not being able to sell such securities. Each fund may pay redemption proceeds with cash obtained through short-term borrowing arrangements, if available. Please see the SAI for more details.

**Involuntary Redemptions**

Each fund reserves the right, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to close your account if, for example, the account value falls below the fund's minimum account balance, including solely due to declines in NAV, or you are deemed to engage in activities that are illegal (such as late trading), activity that is believed to be detrimental to the fund (such as market timing), or other potential criminal or fraudulent activity.

**Exchanging Shares**

• You may request an exchange in writing, by phone, or by accessing your account through the internet.

• You can exchange shares in one fund for shares in the same class of another fund.

• Class A and Class C shares minimum exchange to a new fund account is $1,000. This minimum is reduced to $500 per fund account if you elect to establish an AIP and invest a minimum of $50 per month, per fund account. If you want to exchange between existing fund accounts, the required minimum will be $50 per fund account.

• Class I shares minimum exchange to a new fund account is $1,000,000 per fund account but will be waived for certain investors as outlined within the Minimum Investment Section.

• An exchange is treated as a redemption of a fund's shares, followed by a purchase of the shares of the fund into which you exchanged. Prior to making exchanges into a fund that you do not own, please read the prospectus for that fund carefully.

• If you exchange all your shares to a new fund, any active systematic plan that you maintain with Transamerica Funds will also carry over to this new fund unless otherwise instructed.

• In certain circumstances, shares of one class of a fund may also be exchanged directly for shares of another class of the same fund, as described in the Statement of Additional Information and/or in the "Converting Shares" section below.

• Transamerica Funds reserves the right to modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time upon 60 days' written notice.

• Transamerica Funds reserves the right to deny any exchange request involving transactions between classes of shares. Please review your individual circumstances with your financial professional.

• The minimum exchange amount may be waived with respect to transactions in omnibus accounts maintained on behalf of certain 401(k) and other retirement plans.

• For Class R6 shares, if authorized by your plan, you can request an exchange of your shares in one fund for corresponding shares of another fund. Please refer to your plan's documents for additional information. An exchange is treated as a redemption of a fund's shares followed by a purchase of the shares of the fund into which you exchanged. Prior to making exchanges into a fund you do not own, please read the prospectus of that fund.

• You may not exchange other classes of shares of the Transamerica Funds for Class T shares of Transamerica US Growth.

An exchange of shares in one fund for shares of another fund is considered a redemption followed by a purchase and generally results in a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes, unless you are investing through an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged account. An exchange of shares of one class directly for shares of another class of the same fund normally should not be taxable for federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisor before making an exchange.

**Converting Shares**

If you hold Class A, Class C or Class I2 shares and are eligible for purchase of Class I shares as described under the Minimum Investment section, you may be eligible to convert your Class A, Class C or Class I2 shares to Class I shares (or, under certain circumstances, convert to Class A shares) of the same fund, subject to the discretion of Transamerica Fund Services, Inc., to permit or reject such a conversion. If you hold Class I shares and are eligible to purchase Class R6 shares, you may be eligible to convert Class I shares to Class R6 shares of the same fund, subject to certain conditions. If you hold Class I shares and are eligible to purchase Class I2 shares, you may be eligible to convert Class I shares to Class I2 shares of the same fund, subject to certain conditions. Class I investors that are no longer eligible for wrap or fee based programs may convert from Class I shares to Class A shares at the request of the financial intermediary. Class I2 shares are not offered in this prospectus. Please contact your financial adviser or Customer Service for conversion requirements and instructions.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

------

If you convert from one class of shares to another, the transaction will be based on the respective NAVs of the two classes on the trade date for the conversion. Consequently, a conversion may provide you with fewer shares or more shares than you originally owned, depending on that day's NAV. At the time of conversion, the total dollar value of your "old" shares will equal the total dollar value of your "new" shares. However, subsequent share price fluctuations may decrease or increase the total dollar value of your "new" shares compared with that of your "old" shares. Note that you may be responsible for paying a CDSC upon conversion if the shares have not reached the applicable holding period.

**Choosing a Share Class**

Individual investors can generally invest in Class A and Class C shares. The amount of your investment and the amount of time that you plan to hold your shares will determine which class of shares you should choose. You should make this decision carefully because all of your future investments in your account will be in the same share class that you designate when you open your account. Your financial professional can help you choose the share class that makes the best sense for you.

If you are investing a large amount and/or plan to hold your shares for a long period, Class A shares may make the most sense for you. If you are investing a lesser amount, you may want to consider Class C shares if you plan to invest for a period of less than 5 years. Effective March 16, 2021, if you hold Class C shares for eight years from the date of purchase, they generally automatically convert to Class A shares of the same fund, resulting in lower 12b-1 distribution and fees after conversion. Please see the section *"Class C Shares – Level Load"* for further information of the conversion process.

Transamerica Funds may, at any time and in its sole discretion, add, delete, or change the sales charges for any share class.

Information regarding sales charges can be found (free of charge) on the Transamerica Funds website at https:www.transamerica.com/resource-center?rc_primary_topics=investing. Select "Guide to Choosing a Share Class."

**Class A Shares – Front Load**

With Class A shares, you pay an initial sales charge only when you buy shares. (The offering price includes the sales charge.) Initial sales charges do not apply to [ ].

There are 12b-1 distribution and service fees of up to 0.25% per year.

If you are investing $1 million or more in a Transamerica Fund (other than Transamerica Short-Term Bond), you can purchase Class A shares without any sales charge. However, if you redeem any of those shares within 24 months after buying them, you will pay a 1.00% contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC"). In the event you exchange Class A shares purchased in an amount of $1 million or more for Class A shares of another fund and subsequently redeem some or all of those shares, you will be subject to the term and CDSC imposed by the fund into which you exchange your shares. The term of this CDSC will commence on the date you initially purchased Class A shares of a Transamerica fund in an amount of $1 million or more. The CDSC may be waived if shares were purchased through a retirement plan described in Section 401(a), 401(k), 401(m), 403(b) or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code with assets of $1 million or more and whose accounts are held through an omnibus or plan level arrangement, or through a "wrap" account or fee-based program for the benefit of clients of certain broker-dealers, financial institutions, or financial planners who have entered into arrangements with Transamerica Funds or TCI and did not receive an upfront commission (finder's fee).

Transamerica Short-Term Bond is not offered in this prospectus.

Sales charge ("load") waivers may be available for eligible purchases made through financial intermediaries that offer Transamerica Funds Class A shares on a load-waived basis to certain investors in accordance with the intermediary's policies and procedures. Sales charge waivers may also be available for certain employee benefits or retirement plans, other than employee benefits or retirement plans that purchase Class A Shares through brokerage relationships in which sales charges are customarily imposed.

Whether a sales charge waiver is available depends upon the policies and procedures of your brokerage firm or intermediary. Purchasers must notify their financial intermediary if they believe they are eligible for a discount or waiver before the placement of an order, and provide information requested by the financial intermediary. Not all financial intermediaries that sell the funds may offer any or all of the discounts or waivers. See the section *Waivers and/or Reductions of Charges* for further details.

**Class C Shares – Level Load**

With Class C shares, you pay no initial sales charge. You will pay a 1.00% CDSC if shares are redeemed during the first 12 months. There are 12b-1 distribution and service fees of up to 1.00% per year.

The maximum purchase order in Class C shares is $999,999.99.

------

Subject to the conditions and circumstances set out below, effective March 16, 2021, Class C shares automatically convert to Class A shares after eight years from the date of purchase, provided that the relevant Transamerica Funds or the financial intermediary through which you have purchased or hold Class C shares, has records verifying that the Class C shares have been held for at least eight years. Conversion is done at NAV. Please check with your financial intermediary for details. Please note that the financial intermediary involved with your share purchase is solely responsible for converting any eligible Class C shares in an omnibus arrangement. Certain financial intermediaries may choose to convert your Class C shares in an omnibus arrangement earlier than eight years. The automatic conversion of Class C shares to Class A shares will not apply to Class C shares held through group retirement plan recordkeeping platforms of certain financial intermediaries who hold such shares in an omnibus account. Account numbers will need to be provided by the financial intermediary holding the group retirement plan(s) to have those accounts excluded from the automatic conversion. In such circumstances, please speak to your financial advisor (or the plan provider's financial intermediary) for further information.

Following the conversion of your Class C shares, your new Class A shares will be subject to those charges as set out for Class A shares (above).

**Contingent Deferred Sales Charge**

Your shares may be subject to a CDSC. Dividends and capital gains are not subject to the sales charge. There is no charge on any increase in the value of your shares. Transamerica Funds will always use the first in, first out method to fulfill your redemption requests. If your shares are worth less than when you bought them, the charge will be assessed on their current, lower value. In some cases, the sales charge may be waived.

**Waivers and Reductions of Sales Charges**

You may be eligible for reductions and waivers of sales charges. Sales charges may be reduced or waived under certain circumstances and for certain groups. Information about reductions and waivers of sales charges is set forth below. In addition, certain intermediaries may provide different sales charge discounts and/or waivers. These sales charge variations and the applicable intermediaries are described in an Appendix to this prospectus, "Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries." You should consult your broker or financial advisor or TAM for assistance.

**Class A Sales Charge Reductions**

You can lower the sales charge percentage in the following ways:

• Substantial investments receive lower sales charge rates (see tables below).

• The "rights of accumulation" allows you, your spouse and children under age 21 to include the value of your existing holdings in any class of shares of the Transamerica Funds to determine your Class A sales charge. Breakpoints are derived from the daily NAV at the market close, the current combined account value at the time of the purchase and the gross amount of the new purchase.

• A Letter of Intent ("LOI") allows you, your spouse and children under age 21 to count all share investments, up to a maximum of $1 million, in a Transamerica fund (except as noted below for Transamerica Short-Term Bond) over the next 13 months, as if you were making them all at once, to qualify for reduced sales charges on your Class A investments. The 13 month period will begin on the date of your first purchase following the execution of your LOI. The market value of your existing holdings eligible to be aggregated as of the trading day immediately before the start of your LOI period will be credited toward satisfying your LOI. Purchases made at NAV after the establishment of your LOI (as a result of another waiver or sales charge reduction) shall not count toward meeting the amount stated in your LOI. Transamerica Funds will reserve a portion of your shares to cover any additional sales charge that may apply if your LOI amount is not met. Transamerica Short-Term Bond is not offered in this prospectus.

• By investing as part of a qualified group. An individual who is a member of a qualified group may purchase Class A shares at the reduced sales charge applicable to that group as a whole. A "qualified group" is one which has at least ten members; has been in existence for at least six months; has some purpose in addition to the purchase of mutual fund shares at a discount; has agreed to include fund sales publications in mailings to members; has arrangements made for access to the group which are satisfactory to Transamerica Funds' transfer agent; has arrangements satisfactory to Transamerica Funds' transfer agent established for verification that the group meets these requirements; and the group's sole organizational nexus or connection is not that the members are credit card holders of a company, policy holders of an insurance company, customers of a bank or a broker-dealer, clients of an investment manager or security holders of a company. Transamerica Funds reserves the right to waive the requirement that the group continue to meet the minimum membership requirement or the requirement that an investor continues to belong to the group in order to qualify for lower sales charges (but not to waive either of these requirements initially). To establish a group purchase program, both the group itself and each participant must complete an application. Please contact Customer Service (1-888-233-4339) for further information and assistance. Qualified group accounts are not eligible to be counted under a rights of accumulation or LOI sales charge reduction or waiver with accounts other than accounts in the qualified group.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• By investing in a SIMPLE IRA plan held by Transamerica Fund Services, Inc. with UMB Bank, N.A. as custodian, you and all plan participants will receive a reduced sales charge on all plan contributions that exceed quantity discount amounts. SIMPLE IRA plan accounts are not eligible to be counted toward a sales charge reduction or waiver with accounts other than accounts in the SIMPLE IRA plan.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A Share Quantity Discounts**<br> **(Transamerica International Sustainable Equity and Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A Share Quantity Discounts**<br> **(Transamerica International Sustainable Equity and Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A Share Quantity Discounts**<br> **(Transamerica International Sustainable Equity and Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity)** |
| **Amount of Purchase\*** | **Sales Charge**<br> **as % of**<br> **Offering Price**<br>| **Sales Charge**<br> **as % of**<br> **Amount Invested**<br>|
| Under $50,000 | 5.50% | 5.82% |
| $50,000 to under $100,000 | 4.75% | 4.99% |
| $100,000 to under $250,000 | 3.50% | 3.63% |
| $250,000 to under $500,000 | 2.75% | 2.83% |
| $500,000 to under $1,000,000 | 2.00% | 2.04% |
| $1,000,000 and over | 0.00% | 0.00% |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A Share Quantity Discounts**<br> **(Transamerica Long Credit)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A Share Quantity Discounts**<br> **(Transamerica Long Credit)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A Share Quantity Discounts**<br> **(Transamerica Long Credit)** |
| **Amount of Purchase\*** | **Sales Charge**<br> **as % of**<br> **Offering Price**<br>| **Sales Charge**<br> **as % of**<br> **Amount Invested**<br>|
| Under $50,000 | 4.75% | 4.99% |
| $50,000 to under $100,000 | 4.00% | 4.17% |
| $100,000 to under $250,000 | 3.50% | 3.63% |
| $250,000 to under $500,000 | 2.25% | 2.30% |
| $500,000 to under $1,000,000 | 1.25% | 1.27% |
| $1,000,000 and over | 0.00% | 0.00% |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **[Class A Share Quantity Discounts**<br> **(Transamerica UltraShort Bond)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **[Class A Share Quantity Discounts**<br> **(Transamerica UltraShort Bond)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **[Class A Share Quantity Discounts**<br> **(Transamerica UltraShort Bond)** |
| **Amount of Purchase\*** | **Sales Charge**<br> **as % of**<br> **Offering Price**<br>| **Sales Charge**<br> **as % of**<br> **Amount Invested**<br>|
| Under $50,000 | [ ]% | [ ]% |
| $50,000 to under $100,000 | [ ]% | [ ]% |
| $100,000 to under $250,000 | [ ]% | [ ]% |
| $250,000 to under $500,000 | [ ]% | [ ]% |
| $500,000 to under $1,000,000 | [ ]% | [ ]% |
| $1,000,000 and over | [ ]% | [ ]%] |

---

\*

The transfer agent, Transamerica Fund Services, Inc. must be notified when a purchase is made that qualifies under any of the above provisions. Consequently, when a purchaser acquires shares directly from Transamerica Funds, he/she must indicate in his/her purchase order that such purchase qualifies under any of the above provisions, and must provide enough information to substantiate that claim. When a purchaser acquires shares through a dealer or other financial intermediary, he/she must inform his/her dealer or other financial intermediary of any facts that may qualify a purchase for any of the above provisions, such as, for example, information about other holdings of Class A shares of the funds that the purchaser has, directly with Transamerica Funds, or through other accounts with dealers or financial intermediaries. To substantiate a claim, it may be necessary for a purchaser to provide TFS or his/her dealer or other financial intermediary information or records regarding shares of Transamerica Funds held in all accounts (e.g., retirement plan accounts) of the purchaser directly with Transamerica Funds or with one or several dealers or other financial intermediaries, including to substantiate "rights of accumulation" accounts held by a spouse and children under age 21.

**Waiver of Class A Initial Sales Charges**

Class A shares may be purchased without a sales charge by:

• Current and former trustees, directors, officers, and employees of Transamerica Funds and its affiliates; employees of Transamerica Funds sub-advisers; sales representatives and employees of dealers having a sales agreement with Transamerica Funds' distributor, TCI; and any family members thereof;

• Any trust, pension, profit-sharing or other benefit plan for any of the foregoing persons;

• "Wrap" accounts or fee-based programs for the benefit of clients of certain broker-dealers or financial institutions;

• Employer-sponsored retirement plans described in Section 401(a), 401(k), 401(m), 403(b) or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code with assets of $1 million or more and whose accounts are held through an Omnibus or plan level arrangement;

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Retirement plans described in Section 401(a), 401(k), 401(m), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code whose accounts are held through an Omnibus or plan level arrangement that purchased Class A shares without a sales charge prior to August 31, 2007;

• Other retirement plans that purchased Class A shares without a sales charge prior to April 28, 2006;

• Other retirement plans whose accounts are held through an arrangement with Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated;

• Other retirement plans whose accounts are held through an arrangement with Ascensus (formerly BISYS Retirement);

• Other retirement plans whose accounts are held through an arrangement with Sammons Financial Network<sup>SM</sup> LLC;

• Other retirement plans, non-qualified brokerage accounts, and other accounts that are opened through an arrangement with Transamerica Retirement Advisors, Inc., Transamerica Retirement Solutions Corporation, Transamerica Investors Securities Corporation or Clark Consulting, LLC;

• Other individual retirement accounts held in the Merrill Lynch Investor Choice Annuity (IRA Series) with Transamerica Advisors Life Insurance Company and Transamerica Financial Life Insurance Company;

• Certain financial intermediaries who have entered into an agreement with Transamerica Capital, Inc. to offer shares to self-directed investment brokerage accounts or on self-directed platforms that may or may not charge a transaction fee to their customers (Please see the "Appendix – Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries" for more information);

• Employees of SS&C Global Investor & Distribution Solutions, Inc., for such time as SS&C Global Investor & Distribution Solutions, Inc. has an active service agreement with Transamerica Funds; and

• Employees of State Street Bank & Trust Company, for such time as State Street Bank & Trust Company has an active service agreement with Transamerica Funds.

Investments by the retirement plan accounts mentioned above are not eligible to be counted under a rights of accumulation or letter of intent sales charge reduction or waiver with accounts other than accounts in the retirement plan.

Any person listed above (including retirement plan accounts and retirement plans) who requests a waiver of sales charges must provide adequate information to his/her broker-dealer or other financial intermediary or the funds' distributor to substantiate such request.

Persons eligible to buy Class A shares at NAV may not impose a sales charge when they re-sell those shares.

**Waiver of Class A and Class C Contingent Deferred Sales Charges**

You will not be assessed a sales charge in the following situations:

• Following the death of the shareholder on redemptions from the deceased person's account only. If this deceased person's account is re-registered to another name, sales charges would continue to apply to this new account. The transfer agent will require satisfactory proof of death before it determines to waive the CDSC fee.

• Following the total disability of the shareholder (as determined by the Social Security Administration — applies only to shares held at the time the disability is determined). The transfer agent will require satisfactory proof of disability before it determines to waive the CDSC fee.

• On redemptions made under Transamerica Funds' systematic withdrawal plan (may not exceed an annualized 12% of the account value per fund on the day the systematic withdrawal plan was established).

• If you redeem your shares and reinvest the proceeds in the same class of any fund within 90 days of redeeming, the sales charge on the first redemption is waived.

• For clients of broker-dealers that redeem Class C shares for which the selling broker-dealer was not paid an up-front commission by TCI.

Information on sales charge reductions and/or waivers can also be found (free of charge) on the Transamerica Funds website at https://www.transamerica.com/individual/what-we-offer/products/mutual-funds/.

**The Following Information Applies to Class R6 Shares**

**Class R6 Availability**

Class R6 shares of the funds are intended for purchase by participants in certain eligible accounts described below and under the following conditions:

• 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans, defined-benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, IRAs, and certain Transamerica-sponsored asset allocation funds, as well as participants in certain health savings plans and health savings accounts under Section 223 of the Internal Revenue Code (eligible plans).

• For applicable plans, Class R6 shares are available only to eligible plans where Class R6 shares are held on the books of the funds through omnibus or Network Level 3 accounts (either at the plan level or at the level of the financial service firm serving as an intermediary).

• The plan's record-keeper or financial service firm serving as an intermediary must have an agreement with Transamerica Funds or its agents to utilize Class R6 shares in certain investment products or programs.

------

The financial service firm serving as an intermediary can provide participants with detailed information on how to participate in the plan, elect a fund as an investment option, elect different investment options, alter the amounts contributed to the plan or change allocations among investment options. For questions about participant accounts or to obtain an application to participate in a plan, participants should contact their financial service firm serving as an intermediary, employee benefits office, the plan administrator, or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for the plan.

Financial service firms may provide some of the shareholder servicing and account maintenance services required by retirement plan accounts and their plan participants, including transfers of registration, dividend payee charges and generation of confirmation statements, and may arrange for plan administrators to provide other investment or administrative services. Financial service firms may charge retirement plans and plan participants transaction fees and/or other additional amounts for such services. Similarly, retirement plans may charge plan participants for certain expenses. These fees and additional amounts could reduce the return of investments in Class R6 shares of the funds.

**Opening an Account and Purchasing Shares**

Eligible retirement plans generally may open an account and purchase Class R6 shares by contacting any broker, dealer or other financial service firm authorized to sell Class R6 shares of the funds. Additional shares may be purchased through a retirement plan's administrator, record-keeper or financial service firm serving as an intermediary. There is no minimum initial investment for Class R6 shares.

Please refer to the retirement plan documents for information on how to purchase Class R6 shares of the funds and any fees that may apply.

Transamerica Funds must receive your payment within two business days after your order is accepted.

**Selling Shares**

If you own Class R6 shares, please refer to the retirement plan documents for information on how to redeem those shares of the funds.

Shares will normally be redeemed for cash, although each fund retains the right to wholly or partly redeem its shares in kind, under unusual circumstances (such as adverse or unstable market, economic, or political conditions), in an effort to protect the interests of shareholders by the delivery of securities selected from its assets at its discretion. On the same redemption date, some shareholders may be paid in whole or in part in securities (which may differ among those shareholders), while other shareholders may be paid entirely in cash. The disposal of the securities received in-kind may be subject to brokerage costs and, until sold, such securities remain at market risk and liquidity risk, including the risk that such securities are or become difficult to sell. If the fund pays your redemption with illiquid or less liquid securities, you will bear the risk of not being able to sell such securities. The funds may pay redemption proceeds with cash obtained through short-term borrowing arrangements, if available. Please see the SAI for more details.

**Exchanging Shares**

For Class R6 shares, if authorized by your plan, you can request an exchange of your shares in one fund for the same class of shares of another fund. Please refer to your plan's documents for additional information. An exchange is treated as a redemption of a fund's shares followed by a purchase of the shares of the fund into which you exchanged. Prior to making exchanges into a fund you do not own, please read the prospectus of that fund.

**Features and Policies**

**Customer Service**

Occasionally, Transamerica Funds experiences high call volume due to unusual market activity or other events that may make it difficult for you to reach a Customer Service Representative by telephone. If you are unable to reach Transamerica Funds by telephone, please consider visiting our website at www.transamerica.com.

You may also send instructions by mail or by fax by using the information in the "How to Contact the Funds" section above, or by using our automated phone system at 1-888-233-4339.

**Uncashed Checks Issued on Your Account**

If any check Transamerica Funds issues is returned by the Post Office as undeliverable, or remains outstanding (uncashed) for six months, we reserve the right to reinvest check proceeds back into your account at the NAV next calculated after reinvestment. If applicable, we will also change your account distribution option from cash to reinvest. Interest does not accrue on amounts represented by uncashed checks. In case we are unable to reinvest check proceeds in the original funds that you held, for example, if a fund has been liquidated or is closed to new investments, we reserve the right to reinvest the proceeds in [ ].

------

**Minimum Dividend Check Amounts**

To control costs associated with issuing and administering dividend checks, we reserve the right not to issue checks under a specified amount. For accounts with the cash by check dividend distribution option, if the dividend payment total is less than $10, the distribution will be reinvested into the account and no check will be issued.

**Minimum Account Balance**

Due to the proportionately higher cost of maintaining customer fund accounts with balances below the stated minimums for each class of shares, Transamerica Funds reserves the right to close such accounts or assess an annual fee on such fund accounts to help offset the costs associated with maintaining the account. Transamerica Funds generally provides a 60-day notification to the address of record prior to assessing a minimum fund account fee, or closing any fund account. The following describes the fees assessed against fund accounts with balances below the stated minimum:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Account Balance (per fund account)** | **Fee Assessment (per fund account)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; If your balance is below $1,000 per fund account, <br> including solely due to declines in NAV<br>| $25 annual fee assessed, until balance reaches $1,000 |

---

No fees will be charged on:

• accounts opened within the preceding 12 months

• accounts with an active monthly Automatic Investment Plan or payroll deduction ($50 minimum per fund account)

• accounts owned by an individual that, when combined by Social Security Number, have a balance of $5,000 or more

• accounts owned by individuals in the same household (by address) that have a combined balance of $5,000 or more

• accounts for which Transamerica Funds in its discretion has waived the minimum account balance requirements

• UTMA/UGMA accounts (held at Transamerica Funds)

• UMB Bank, N.A. Custodial Accounts (held at Transamerica Funds)

• Coverdell ESA accounts (held at Transamerica Funds)

• Omnibus and Network Level 3 accounts

While there is currently no minimum account size for maintaining a Class I share account, the funds reserve the right, without prior notice, to establish a minimum amount required to maintain an account.

**Telephone Transactions**

Transamerica Funds and its transfer agent, Transamerica Fund Services, Inc. ("TFS") are not liable for complying with telephone instructions that are deemed by them to be genuine. Transamerica Funds and TFS will employ reasonable procedures to help ensure telephone instructions are genuine. These procedures may include requiring personal identification, providing written confirmation of transactions, and tape recording conversations. In situations where Transamerica Funds or TFS reasonably believe they were acting on genuine telephone instructions, you bear the risk of loss. Transamerica Funds reserves the right to modify the telephone redemption privilege at any time. Customers can remove telephone options by submitting a letter of instructions.

**Retirement and Coverdell ESA UMB Bank, N.A. Account Maintenance Fees**

Retirement plan and Coverdell ESA accounts custodied by UMB Bank, N.A. and held directly with Transamerica Funds are subject to an annual custodial fee of $17.50 per fund account.

An A-share account that holds shares converted from a C-share account shall be considered as part of the original C-share account for purposes of this fee and only the A-share account will be subject to the fee. TFS may waive the annual custodial fee at its discretion.

**Professional Fees**

Your financial professional may charge a fee for his or her services. This fee will be in addition to any fees charged by Transamerica Funds. Your financial professional will answer any questions that you may have regarding such fees.

**Signature Guarantee**

An original signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine so that you are protected from unauthorized account transactions. Acceptable guarantors only include participants in the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program ("STAMP2000"). Participants in STAMP2000 may include financial institutions such as banks, savings and loan associations, trust companies, credit unions, broker-dealers, and member firms of a national securities exchange. For certain requests, a notary may be accepted.

An original signature guarantee is typically required if any of the following is applicable:

• You request a redemption or distribution transaction totaling more than $100,000 or, in the case of an IRA with a market value in excess of $100,000, you request a custodian to custodian transfer.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• You would like a check made payable to anyone other than the shareholder(s) of record.

• You would like a check mailed to an address which has been changed within 10 days of the redemption request.

• You would like a check mailed to an address other than the address of record.

• You would like your redemption proceeds wired to a bank account other than a bank account of record.

• Wire or ACH proceeds to a bank account changed within 10 days of the redemption request.

• You are adding or removing a shareholder from an account.

• You are changing ownership of an account.

• When establishing an electronic bank link, if the Transamerica Funds' account holder's name does not appear on the check.

• Transactions requiring supporting legal documentation.

The funds reserve the right to require an original signature guarantee or a notary under other circumstances or to reject or delay a redemption on certain legal grounds.

An original signature guarantee or notary may be refused if any of the following is applicable:

• It does not appear valid or in good form.

• The transaction amount exceeds the surety bond limit of the signature guarantee.

• The guarantee stamp has been reported as stolen, missing or counterfeit.

Certain direct institutional accounts may utilize alternative methods in place of a signature guarantee with prior approval from Transamerica. Contact Transamerica for additional details.

**Note:** For certain maintenance and non-financial requests, Transamerica Funds may require a Signature Validation Program Stamp for your protection. When an institution provides a Signature Validation Program Stamp, it assures Transamerica Funds that the signature and instructions are yours and that you have the authority to provide the instruction(s) contained within the request.

**Electronic Signatures**

Transamerica may accept electronic signatures in certain circumstances. Please contact Customer Service (1-888-233-4339) to see if you are eligible for this feature.

**Paperless Legal Program**

Transamerica may accept requests to transfer or redeem accounts having an original signature guarantee without the necessity to include additional legal documentation. The shareholder should contact their signature guarantor regarding all documentation that may be required to obtain an original signature guarantee.

**Employer Sponsored Accounts**

If you participate in an employer sponsored retirement plan and wish to make an allocation change to your current fund selection, you or your financial professional must notify Transamerica Funds by phone or in writing. Please also remember to inform your employer of the change(s) to your fund allocation. Documentation for allocations submitted online or in writing from your employer will be used to allocate your contributions. This documentation will supersede all other prior instructions received from you or your financial professional. (Note: If you perform a partial or complete exchange to a new fund selection, your current fund allocation will remain unchanged for future contributions unless specified otherwise.)

**E-Mail Communication**

As e-mail communications may not be secure, and because we are unable to take reasonable precautions to verify your shareholder and transaction information, we cannot respond to account-specific requests received via e-mail. For your protection, we ask that all account-specific requests be submitted only via telephone, mail or fax.

**Reinvestment Privilege (Does not apply to Class I shares)**

Within a 90-day period after you sell your shares, you have the right to "reinvest" your money in any fund, in shares of the same class as the shares that you sold. You will not incur a new sales charge if you use this privilege within the allotted time frame. Any CDSC you paid on your shares will be credited to your account. To take advantage of the 90-day reinvestment privilege, a written request must accompany your investment check.

**Statements and Reports**

Transamerica Funds will send you a confirmation statement after every transaction that affects your account balance or registration, with the exception of systematic transactions or transactions necessary to assess account fees. Systematic transactions and fees will be shown on your next regularly scheduled quarterly statement. Information regarding these fees is disclosed in this prospectus. Please review the confirmation statement carefully and promptly notify Transamerica Funds of any error. Information about the tax status of the prior year's income dividends and capital gains distributions will be mailed to shareholders early each year.

------

Please retain your statements. If you require historical statements, Transamerica Funds may charge $10 per statement year up to a maximum of $50 per Social Security Number. Financial reports for the funds, which include a list of the holdings, will be mailed twice a year to all shareholders.

**eDelivery**

By enrolling in eDelivery, you are notified via e-mail when shareholder documents are available for viewing on our website such as account statements, financial transaction confirmations, prospectuses, tax forms, and annual and semi-annual reports. With eDelivery, you can save time by receiving e-mail notifications days before documents might be received through the postal service; reduce clutter by reducing the amount of paper for filing, shredding, or recycling; lower environmental impact by cutting paper waste and transportation requirements; and enjoy added security by accessing your information electronically through our secure website link.

You can enroll in eDelivery when you initially complete your application and include your e-mail address. If your account is already established, visit our website at www.transamerica.com. Click on "Login," select "Individual", click next; select "Mutual Funds", click next; and log into your account. When you have logged into your account, select the "Electronic Delivery" option and follow the simple enrollment steps provided.

**Right to Terminate or Suspend Account Privileges**

A fund may, in its discretion, limit or terminate trading activity by any person, group or account that it believes would be disruptive, even if the activity has not exceeded the policy described in this prospectus. As part of the fund's policy to detect and deter frequent purchases, redemptions and exchanges, the fund may review and consider the history of frequent trading activity in all accounts in the Transamerica Funds known to be under common ownership or control. The fund may send a written warning to a shareholder that it believes may be engaging in disruptive or excessive trading activity; however, the fund reserves the right to suspend or terminate the ability to purchase or exchange shares, with or without warning, for any account that the fund determines, in the exercise of its discretion, has engaged in such trading activity.

**Market Timing/Excessive Trading**

Some investors try to profit from various short-term or frequent trading strategies known as market timing. Examples of market timing include switching money into funds when their share prices are expected to rise and taking money out when their share prices are expected to fall, and switching from one fund to another and then back again after a short period of time. As money is shifted in and out, a fund may incur expenses for buying and selling securities. Excessive purchases, redemptions or exchanges of fund shares may disrupt portfolio management, hurt fund performance and drive fund expenses higher. For example, a fund may be forced to liquidate investments as a result of short-term trading and incur increased brokerage costs or realize capital gains without attaining any investment advantage. These costs are generally borne by all shareholders, including long-term investors who do not generate these costs.

The Board of Trustees has approved policies and procedures that are designed to discourage market timing or excessive trading, which include limitations on the number of transactions in fund shares. If you intend to engage in such practices, we request that you do not purchase shares of any of the funds. Each fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase shares, including purchases in connection with an exchange transaction, which the fund reasonably believes to be in connection with market timing or excessive trading.

While the funds discourage market timing and excessive short-term trading, the funds cannot always recognize or detect such trading, particularly if it is facilitated by financial intermediaries or done through Omnibus Account arrangements.

The funds' distributor has entered into agreements with intermediaries requiring the intermediaries to provide certain information to help identify harmful trading activity and to prohibit further purchases or exchanges by a shareholder identified as having engaged in excessive trading. There is no guarantee that the procedures used by financial intermediaries will be able to curtail frequent, short-term trading activity. For example, shareholders who seek to engage in frequent, short-term trading activity may use a variety of strategies to avoid detection, and the financial intermediaries' ability to deter such activity may be limited by the capabilities of operational and information systems. Due to the risk that the funds and financial intermediaries may not detect all harmful trading activity, it is possible that shareholders may bear the risks associated with such activity.

Orders to purchase, redeem or exchange shares forwarded by certain omnibus accounts with Transamerica Funds will not be considered to be market timing or excessive trading for purposes of Transamerica Funds' policies. However, the market timing and excessive trading policies of these omnibus firms or plans may apply to transactions by the underlying shareholders.

Reallocations in underlying series of Transamerica Funds by an Asset Allocation Fund that invests in other series of Transamerica Funds in furtherance of a fund's objective are not considered to be market timing or excessive trading.

------

**Additional Information**

This prospectus and the SAI provide information concerning the funds that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of a fund. A fund may make changes to this information from time to time. Each fund's investment strategies and policies may be changed from time to time without shareholder approval, unless specifically stated otherwise in this prospectus or in the SAI.

A fund that has a policy of investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in the particular type of securities suggested by its name will provide its shareholders with at least 60 days' prior written notice before making changes to such policy. Such notice will comply with the conditions set forth in any applicable SEC rules then in effect.

Neither this prospectus nor the SAI is intended to give rise to any contract rights or other rights of any shareholder, other than rights conferred by federal or state securities laws.

The funds enter into contractual arrangements with various parties, including the funds' investment manager, who provides services to the funds. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or "third party") beneficiaries of those contractual arrangements.

To the extent authorized by law, the funds reserve the right to discontinue offering shares at any time, to merge or liquidate a class of shares or to cease operations entirely.

**Abandoned or Unclaimed Property**

Every state has unclaimed property laws that generally provide for escheatment to the state of unclaimed property under various circumstances. In addition to the state unclaimed property laws, we may be required to escheat property pursuant to regulatory demand, finding, agreement or settlement. To help prevent such escheatment, it is important that you keep your contact and other information on file with us up to date, including the names, contact information and identifying information for customers, beneficiaries and other payees. Such updates should be communicated in a form and manner satisfactory to us. Individual states may have their own requirements. For more information regarding escheatment and unclaimed property in your state, ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website.

**Sending Forms and Transaction Requests in Good Order**

We cannot process your requests for transactions relating to the funds until they are received in good order. "Good order" means the actual receipt of the instructions relating to the requested transaction in writing (or, when appropriate, by telephone or electronically), along with all forms, information and supporting legal documentation necessary to effect the transaction. This information and documentation generally includes, to the extent applicable to the transaction: your completed application; the transaction amount (in dollars, shares or percentage terms); the names, fund and account number(s) and allocations to and/or from the fund accounts affected by the requested transaction; the signatures of all owners (exactly as registered on the account) if necessary; Social Security Number or Taxpayer I.D.; and any other information or supporting documentation that we may require, including any spousal or joint owner's consents and signature guarantees. With respect to purchase requests, "good order" also generally includes receipt of sufficient funds to effect any purchase. We may, in our sole discretion, determine whether any particular transaction request is in good order, and we reserve the right to change or waive any good order requirements at any time. "Received" or receipt in good order generally means that everything necessary must be received by the funds, at our mailing address specified in this prospectus. We reserve the right to reject electronic transactions that do not meet our requirements.

**Pricing of Shares**

**How Share Price Is Determined**

The price at which shares are purchased or redeemed is the NAV, plus any applicable sales charge, that is next calculated following receipt and acceptance of a purchase order in good order or receipt of a redemption order in good order by the fund, an authorized intermediary, or the mail processing center located in Kansas City, Missouri.

**When Share Price Is Determined**

The NAV of each fund (or class thereof) is determined on each day the NYSE is open for business as of the scheduled close of regular trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). If the NYSE closes at another time, each fund will calculate a NAV for each class of shares as of the scheduled closing time. The NAV is not determined on days when the NYSE is closed (generally New Year's Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas). Foreign securities may trade in their primary markets on weekends or other days when a fund does not price its shares (therefore, the value of a fund's foreign securities may change on days when shareholders will not be able to buy or sell shares of the funds). These securities will be valued pursuant to the funds' Pricing and Valuation procedures for such securities.

------

Purchase orders received in good order and accepted, and redemption orders received in good order, as of the scheduled close of regular trading of the NYSE, usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, receive the NAV determined as of the close of the NYSE that day. Purchase and redemption requests received after the NYSE is closed receive the NAV determined as of the close of the NYSE the next day the NYSE is open.

**How NAV Is Calculated**

The NAV of each fund (or class thereof) is calculated by taking the value of its net assets and dividing by the number of shares of the fund (or class) that are then outstanding.

The value of a fund's securities and other assets for purposes of determining the fund's NAV is determined pursuant to valuation procedures of the funds and TAM. TAM has been designated as the funds' valuation designee with responsibility for fair valuation subject to oversight by the funds' Board. TAM has formed a valuation committee to assist with its designated responsibilities as valuation designee (the "Valuation Committee").

In general, securities and other investments are valued based on prices at the close of regular trading on the NYSE.

Equity securities, swaps, and options listed or traded on securities exchanges (except for the securities traded on NASDAQ/NMS), including ETFs, dollar-denominated foreign securities and ADRs, are normally valued at the closing price on the exchange or system where the security is principally traded. With respect to securities traded on the NASDAQ/NMS, such closing price will generally be the NASDAQ Official Closing Price ("NOCP").

The market price for debt obligations (except short-term obligations that will mature in 60 days or less) and for swaps that are not traded on a securities exchange is generally the price supplied by an independent third-party pricing service, which may use market prices or quotations or a variety of fair value techniques and methodologies to identify the market value of the security or instrument.

Short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investment's fair value.

Foreign securities are generally priced as described above for the particular type of security (*i.e.*, equity securities or debt securities). The prices for foreign securities are converted from the local currency into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates.

Market quotations for securities prices may be obtained from automated pricing services.

Shares of open-end funds (other than ETF shares) are generally valued at the NAV reported by that investment company.

ETF shares are normally valued at the most recent sale price or official closing price on the exchange on which they are traded.

When an authorized pricing service does not provide a price or the price provided is believed by the Valuation Committee to be unreliable, the value of that security may be determined using quotations from one or more broker-dealers. When such a price or quotation for a security is not readily available, or is believed by the Valuation Committee to be unreliable, then the Valuation Committee will fair value such fund investment, in good faith, in accordance with fair valuation procedures.

The types of securities for which such fair value pricing may be required include, but are not limited to: foreign securities, where a significant event occurs after the close of the foreign market on which such security principally trades that is likely to have changed the value of such security, or the closing value is otherwise deemed unreliable; securities of an issuer that has entered into a restructuring; securities whose trading has been halted or suspended; fixed-income securities that have gone into default and for which there is no current market value quotation; and securities that are restricted as to transfer or resale. The funds use a fair value model developed by an independent third party pricing service to price foreign equity securities on days when there is a certain percentage change in the value of a domestic equity security index, as such percentage may be determined by TAM from time to time.

Valuing securities in accordance with fair valuation procedures involves greater reliance on judgment than valuing securities based on readily available market quotations. The Valuation Committee makes fair value determinations in good faith in accordance with the valuation procedures. Fair value determinations can also involve reliance on quantitative models employed by a fair value pricing service. There can be no assurance that a fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the fund determines its NAV.

The prices that a fund uses may differ from the amounts that would be realized if the investments were sold and the differences could be significant, particularly for securities that trade in relatively thin markets and/or markets that experience extreme volatility.

------

**Distribution of Shares**

**Distributor**

Transamerica Capital, Inc. ("TCI"), located at 1801 California Street, Suite 5200, Denver, CO 80202, underwrites and distributes all classes of fund shares and bears the expenses of offering these shares to the public. TCI is an affiliate of the investment manager and the funds.

The funds may pay TCI, or its agent, fees for its services. Of the distribution and service fees it usually receives for Class A shares, TCI, or its agent, may reallow or pay to brokers or dealers who sold them 0.25% of the average daily net assets of those shares. In the case of Class C and Class R6 shares, among other share classes, TCI, or its agent, may share revenue with brokers, dealers or intermediaries who sold shares.

**Distribution Plan**

Each fund has adopted a Rule 12b-1 Plan under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "Plan") for each class of shares (except Class I and Class R6 shares).

The Plan permits the use of fund assets to pay distribution and service fees for the sale and distribution of its shares. These fees are used to pay TCI, broker-dealers, financial intermediaries and other professionals who sell fund shares and provide ongoing services to shareholders and to pay other marketing and advertising expenses.

Under the Plan, each fund pays the following distribution and service fees (as a percentage of the fund's average daily net assets):

• **Class A Shares** – Up to 0.25%

• **Class C Shares** – Up to 1.00%

Because these fees are paid out of each fund's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.

Even though Class C shares do not carry up-front sales loads, the higher distribution and service fees payable by those shares under the Rule 12b-1 Plan, may over time, be higher than the total fees paid by owners of Class A shares.

**Other Distribution and Service Arrangements**

TCI, TAM and their affiliates may enter into arrangements with affiliated entities that provide administrative, recordkeeping and other services with respect to one or more of the funds. Payment for these services is made by TCI, TAM and their affiliates out of past profits and other available sources and may take the form of internal credit, recognition or cash payments. TCI, TAM and their affiliates may also enter into similar arrangements with unaffiliated entities.

TCI engages in wholesaling activities designed to support, maintain, and increase the number of financial intermediaries who sell shares of the funds. Wholesaling activities include, but are not limited to, recommending and promoting, directly or through intermediaries, the funds to financial intermediaries and providing sales training, retail broker support and other services. Payment for these activities is made by TCI, TAM and their affiliates out of past profits and other available sources, including revenue sharing payments from others.

TCI (in connection with, or in addition to, wholesaling services), TAM and fund sub-advisers, directly or through TCI, out of their past profits and other available sources, typically provide cash payments or non-cash compensation to unaffiliated brokers and other financial intermediaries who have sold shares of the funds, promote the distribution of the funds or render investor services to fund shareholders. Such payments and compensation are in addition to the sales charges, Rule 12b-1 Plan fees, service fees and other fees that may be paid, directly or indirectly, to such brokers and other financial intermediaries. These arrangements are sometimes referred to as "revenue sharing" arrangements. The amount of revenue sharing payments is substantial, may be substantial to any given recipient and may exceed the costs and expenses incurred by the recipient for any fund-related distribution or shareholder servicing activities. The presence of these payments and the basis on which an intermediary compensates its registered representatives or salespersons may create an incentive for a particular intermediary, registered representative or salesperson to highlight, feature or recommend the funds, at least in part, based on the level of compensation paid. Revenue sharing arrangements are separately negotiated. Revenue sharing payments are not an additional charge to the funds.

Such additional cash payments may be made to brokers and other financial intermediaries that provide services to the funds and/or fund shareholders, including (without limitation) shareholder servicing, marketing support and/or access to meetings and/or events, sales representatives and management representatives of the broker or other financial intermediaries. Cash compensation may also be paid to brokers and other financial intermediaries for inclusion of a fund on a sales list or mutual fund trading platform, including a preferred or select sales list or trading platform, in other sales programs, or as an expense reimbursement or compensation in cases where the broker or other financial intermediary provides services to fund shareholders. To the extent permitted by applicable law, TCI and other parties may pay or allow other incentives and compensation to brokers and other financial intermediaries. TCI, TAM and the

------

other parties making these payments generally assess the advisability of continuing making these payments periodically. These cash payments may take a variety of forms, including (without limitation), annual flat fees, reimbursement of ticket charges, additional compensation based on sales, on-going fees for shareholder servicing and maintenance of investor accounts, and finder's fees that vary depending on the fund or share class and the dollar amount of shares sold. Revenue sharing payments can be calculated: (i) as a percentage of gross or net sales for a particular period; (ii) as a percentage of gross or net assets under management; (iii) as a fixed or negotiated flat fee dollar amount; or (iv) based on a combination of any of these methods. During 2022, in general, payments calculated as a percentage of sales ranged from [ ] basis point [(__%)] to [ ] basis points [(___%)], payments calculated as a percentage of assets under management ranged from [ ] basis points [(___%) to [ ] basis points [(___%)], and flat annual fees ranged from $[ ] to $[ ], which included at times payments for a series of meetings and/or events of other broker-dealers and banks.

As of December 31, 2022, TCI had revenue sharing agreements with more than [ ] brokers and other financial intermediaries including, without limitation: [Advisor Group, Inc.; Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.; Avantax Investment Services Inc.; AXA Advisors LLC/AXA Network; BBVA Securities, Inc.; BOSC, Inc.; Bruderman Brothers; Cabot Lodge Securities LLC; Cadaret, Grant & Co.; Cambridge Investment Research; Centaurus Financial, Inc.; Cetera Financial Group, Inc.; CFD Investments, Inc.; Charles Schwab; Citigroup Global Markets, Inc.; Citizens Securities Inc.; CUSO Financial; D.A. Davidson & Co., Inc.; Edward Jones; Equitable Network, LLC; Equity Services, Inc.; Fidelity Investments; Financial Data Services, Inc.; FSC Securities Corporation; Geneos Wealth Management; GW Sherwold Associates, Inc.; Hantz Financial Services, Inc.;; Huntington Investment Company; Independent Financial Group; Investacorp, Inc.; Infinex Investments, Inc.; James T. Borello & Co.; Janney Montgomery Scott; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC; Kestra Investment Services; KMS Financial Services Inc.; LPL Financial Corp.; Merrill Lynch; Morgan Stanley Smith Barney; M&T Securities Inc.; MML Investors Services; Mutual of Omaha Investor Services Inc.; National Financial Services, Inc.; Next Financial; National Planning Corp.; Oppenheimer & Co.; Park Avenue Securities; Parkland Securities, LLC; Pershing LLC; Pursche Kaplan Sterling Financial; Raymond James and Associates, Inc.; Raymond James Financial Services, Inc.; RBC Wealth Management; Royal Alliance Associates, Inc.; Sagepoint Financial Inc.; Securian Financial Services; Securities America, Inc.; Securities Service Network, Inc.; Sigma Financial Corporation; Stifel Nicolaus & Company Inc.; Suntrust Investment Services, Inc.; TD Ameritrade; Transamerica Financial Advisors, Inc.; UBS Financial Services, Inc.; United Planners Financial Services of America; US Bancorp Investments, Inc.; Voya Financial Advisors, Inc.; Waddell Reed; Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC; Wentworth Financial Partners; and Woodbury Financial Services] – TO BE UPDATED. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2022, TCI paid approximately $[ ] million to these brokers and other financial intermediaries in connection with revenue sharing arrangements. TCI expects to have revenue sharing arrangements with a number of brokers and other financial intermediaries in 2023, including some or all of the foregoing brokers and financial intermediaries, among others, on terms similar to those discussed above.

For the calendar year ended December 31, 2022, TCI and its affiliates did not receive any revenue sharing payments from firms that pay revenue to participate in TCI sponsored events.

As of December 31, 2022, TAM made revenue sharing payments to approximately [ ] financial intermediaries with respect to the funds, the most sizeable of which were to [TCI and Transamerica Life Insurance Company]. For the same period, TAM did not receive any revenue sharing payments from financial services firms.

TAM also serves as investment manager to certain funds of funds that are underlying investment options for Transamerica insurance products. TCI and its affiliates make revenue sharing payments to, or receive revenue sharing payments from, affiliates of certain underlying unaffiliated funds within Transamerica insurance products for the provision of services to investors and distribution activities. These amounts are in addition to any revenue sharing programs described above with respect to mutual fund distributors. A financial intermediary may receive both mutual fund-related and insurance-related revenue sharing payments.

In addition, while TCI typically pays most of the sales charge applicable to the sale of fund shares to brokers and other financial intermediaries through which purchases are made, TCI may, on occasion, pay the entire sales charge. (Additional information about payments of sales charges to brokers is available in the section titled "Dealer Reallowances" of the SAI.)

From time to time, TCI, its affiliates and/or TAM and/or fund sub-advisers may also, to the extent permitted by applicable law, pay non-cash compensation or revenue sharing to brokers and other financial intermediaries and their sales representatives in the form of, for example: (i) occasional gifts or prizes; (ii) occasional meals, tickets or other entertainment; and/or (iii) ad hoc sponsorship support of broker marketing events, programs, sales contests, promotions or other activities. Such non-cash compensation may also include, in part, assistance with the costs and expenses associated with travel, lodging, and educational sales and promotional meetings, seminars, programs and conferences, entertainment and meals to the extent permitted by law. TCI and TAM may also make payments in connection with the sponsorship by Transamerica or its affiliates of special events which may be attended by brokers and other financial intermediaries. Such non-cash compensation is in addition to the overall revenue sharing arrangements described above.

The non-cash compensation to sales representatives and compensation or reimbursement received by brokers and other financial intermediaries through sales charges, other fees payable from the funds, and/or revenue sharing arrangements for selling shares of the funds may be more or less than the overall compensation or reimbursement on similar or other products and may influence your broker

------

or other financial intermediary to present and recommend the funds over other investment options available in the marketplace. In addition, depending on the arrangements in place at any particular time, your broker or other financial intermediary may have a financial incentive for recommending a particular class of fund shares over other share classes.

Shareholders may obtain more information about these arrangements, including the conflicts of interests that such arrangements may create, from their brokers and other financial intermediaries, and should so inquire if they would like additional information. Intermediaries may categorize and disclose these arrangements to their clients and to members of the public in a manner different from the disclosures in this prospectus and the SAI. A shareholder should ask his/her broker or financial intermediary how he/she will be compensated for investments made in the funds. Revenue sharing payments, as well as payments under the shareholder services and distribution plan (where applicable), also benefit TAM, TCI and their affiliates and fund sub-advisers to the extent the payments result in more assets being invested in the funds on which fees are being charged.

Although a fund may use financial firms that sell fund shares to effect transactions for the fund's portfolio, the fund and its investment manager or sub-adviser will not consider the sale of fund shares as a factor when choosing financial firms to effect those transactions.

Class I shares of the funds may be offered through certain brokers and financial intermediaries ("service agents") that have established a shareholder servicing relationship with Transamerica Funds on behalf of their customers. Service agents may impose additional or different conditions than Transamerica Funds on purchases, redemptions or exchanges of fund shares by their customers. Service agents may also independently establish and charge their customers transaction fees, account fees or other amounts in connection with purchases, sales and redemptions of fund shares in addition to any fees charged by Transamerica Funds. These additional fees may vary over time and would increase the cost of the customer's investment and lower investment returns. Each service agent is responsible for transmitting to its customers a schedule of any such fees and information regarding any additional or different conditions regarding purchases, redemptions and exchanges. Shareholders who are customers of service agents should consult their service agents for information regarding these fees and conditions. Among the service agents with whom Transamerica Funds may enter into a shareholder servicing relationship are firms whose business involves or includes investment consulting, or whose parent or affiliated companies are in the investment consulting business, that may recommend that their clients utilize TAM's investment management services or invest in the funds or in other products sponsored by TAM and its affiliates.

**Distributions and Taxes**

**Dividends and Distributions** 

Each fund intends to distribute all or substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains, if any, to its shareholders each year. Dividends will be reinvested in additional shares unless you elect to take your dividends in cash. Each fund generally pays any distributions of net capital gains annually.

Each fund generally pays any dividends from net investment income annually, except the following:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund**  | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Pay quarterly** <br> **dividends**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Pay monthly** <br> **dividends**<br>| **Declare**<br> **dividends daily**<br> **and pay monthly**<br>|
| Transamerica Long Credit |  |  | X |
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond  |  |  | X |

---

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board of Trustees of Transamerica Funds has delegated authority to TAM to change the frequency with which dividends are declared and paid by a fund, including if a fund does not have any income to distribute, and to declare and make payments of long-term capital gains with respect to a fund as permitted or required by law or in order to avoid tax penalties. Further, each fund reserves the right to change its dividend distribution policy at the discretion of the Board of Trustees.

**Taxes on Distributions in General**

A fund will not generally have to pay income tax on amounts it distributes to shareholders. Shareholders will generally be taxed on distributions (other than any distributions treated as a return of capital), whether such distributions are paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares.

The following are guidelines for how certain distributions by a fund are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders under current federal income tax law:

• Distributions of net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) will be taxed as long-term capital gains, generally at reduced rates, regardless of how long the shareholders have held their shares. Certain capital gain dividends attributable to dividends received from U.S. REITs may be taxable to noncorporate shareholders at a rate other than the generally applicable reduced rates.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Distributions reported as paid from a fund's "qualified dividend income" may be taxable to shareholders as qualified dividend income at reduced rates. Qualified dividend income generally is income derived from certain dividends from U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that a fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations will be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. A shareholder (and the fund in which the shareholder invests) will have to satisfy certain holding period requirements in order for the shareholder to obtain the benefit of the tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income.

• Distributions in excess of a fund's earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the shareholder's basis in his or her fund shares, and as a capital gain thereafter (assuming the shareholder holds the shares as capital assets). A distribution treated as a return of capital will not be taxable currently but will reduce the shareholder's tax basis in his or her shares, which will generally increase the gain (or decrease the loss) that will be recognized on a subsequent sale or exchange of the shares.

• Other distributions generally will be taxed at ordinary income tax rates.

A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount. This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates or trusts. For these purposes, dividends (other than exempt-interest dividends), interest, and certain capital gains are generally taken into account in computing a shareholder's net investment income.

If a fund declares a dividend in October, November, or December, payable to shareholders of record in such a month, and pays it in the following January, shareholders will be taxed on the dividend as if they received it in the year in which it was declared.

Each fund in which you invest will send you a tax report annually summarizing the amount and tax aspects of your distributions. If you buy shares of a fund shortly before it makes a taxable distribution (other than, in general, regular monthly distributions paid by funds that declare dividends daily), the distribution will be generally taxable to you even though it may effectively represent a return of a portion of your investment. This is known as "buying a dividend."

Investors who invest through tax-deferred accounts, such as IRAs, 403(b) accounts, and qualified retirement plans, will ordinarily not be subject to tax until a distribution is made from the account, at which time such distribution is generally taxed as ordinary income, even if the distribution is wholly or in part attributable to exempt-interest dividends received by the tax-deferred account. These accounts are subject to complex tax rules, and tax-deferred account investors should therefore consult their tax advisers regarding their investments in a tax-deferred account.

Funds that invest in other funds ("asset allocation funds") may recognize income on distributions from underlying funds in which they invest and may also recognize gains and losses if they redeem or sell shares in underlying funds. Distributions of net capital gains or qualified dividend income of either the asset allocation funds or underlying funds will generally be taxed at reduced long-term capital gain rates when distributed to noncorporate shareholders of the asset allocation funds. Other distributions, including short-term capital gains, generally will be taxed as ordinary income. The structure of such asset allocation funds and the reallocation of investments among underlying funds could affect the amount, timing and character of distributions.

**Taxes on the Sale or Exchange of Shares**

If you sell shares of a fund or exchange them for shares of another fund, you generally will have a capital gain or loss, which will generally be a long-term capital gain or loss if you held the shares for more than one year; otherwise it will generally be a short-term capital gain or loss.

Any loss recognized on shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gain that were received with respect to the shares.

Any gain or loss on the sale or exchange of shares is computed by subtracting your tax basis in the shares from the redemption proceeds in the case of a sale or the value of the shares received in the case of an exchange. Because your tax basis depends on the original purchase price, on the price at which any dividends may have been reinvested, and on the amount of any distributions treated as returns of capital for federal income tax purposes, you should be sure to keep account statements so that you or your tax return preparer will be able to determine whether a sale will result in a taxable gain or loss.

**Withholding Taxes**

A fund in which you invest may be required to apply backup withholding of U.S. federal income tax on all distributions payable to you (including exempt-interest dividends) if you fail to provide the funds with your correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or if you have been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") that you are subject to backup withholding.

------

The backup withholding rate is currently 24%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax, but is a method by which the IRS ensures that it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax applicable to shareholders that are not U.S. persons.

**Non-Resident Alien Withholding**

Dividends and certain other payments (but not distributions of net capital gains or exempt-interest dividends) to persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States or U.S. entities ("Non-U.S. Persons") are generally subject to U.S. tax withholding at the rate of 30%. The 30% withholding described in this paragraph will not be imposed on any dividends reported as interest-related dividends or as short-term capital gain dividends. Each fund intends to withhold U.S. federal income tax at the rate of 30% on taxable distributions and other payments to Non-U.S. Persons that are subject to withholding, regardless of whether a lower rate may be permitted under an applicable treaty.

If you are a Non-U.S. Person, you must provide a U.S. mailing address to establish an account unless your broker-dealer firm submits your account through the National Securities Clearing Corporation. Your broker-dealer will be required to submit a foreign certification form. Investors changing a mailing address to a non-U.S. address will be required to have a foreign certification form completed by their broker-dealer and returned to us before future purchases can be accepted. Additionally, those shareholders will need to provide an appropriate tax form (e.g., Form W-8BEN) and documentary evidence and letter of explanation.

Unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold fund shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to fund distributions (but not distributions of exempt-interest dividends) payable to such entities. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

**Other Tax Information**

This tax discussion is for general information only. In addition to federal income taxes, you may be subject to state, local or foreign taxes on payments received from, and investments made in shares of, a fund. More information is provided in the SAI of the funds. You should also consult your own tax adviser for information regarding all tax consequences applicable to your investments in the funds.

------

**List and Description of Certain Underlying Funds**

This section lists the underlying funds in which some or all of the Asset Allocation Funds may invest and describes those that are not otherwise discussed in this prospectus. This section summarizes their respective principal investment strategies and risks. Further information about certain underlying funds is contained in these underlying funds' prospectuses, available at www.transamerica.com. [TO BE UPDATED]

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund Name** | **Transamerica** <br> **Asset Allocation-**<br> **Conservative** <br> **Portfolio**<br>| **Transamerica** <br> **Asset Allocation-**<br> **Growth Portfolio**<br>| **Transamerica** <br> **Asset Allocation-**<br> **Moderate** <br> **Growth Portfolio**<br>| **Transamerica** <br> **Asset Allocation-**<br> **Moderate** <br> **Portfolio**<br>|
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | X |  | X | X |
| Transamerica Long Credit | X | X | X | X |
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | X |  | X | X |
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond | X |  | X | X |

---

\* \* \*

Each underlying fund may invest its assets in cash, cash equivalent securities or short-term debt securities, repurchase agreements and money market instruments. Under adverse or unstable market, economic or political conditions, each fund may take temporary defensive positions in cash and short-term debt securities without limit. Although a fund would do this only in seeking to avoid losses, the fund may be unable to pursue its investment objective during that time, and it could reduce the benefit from any upswing in the market. To the extent that a fund has any uninvested cash, the fund would also be subject to risk with respect to the depository institution holding the cash.

------

**Financial Highlights**

Financial highlights are not shown as the funds had not commenced operations as of the date of this prospectus.

------

**Appendix - Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries**

The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts will depend on how you purchase your shares, including whether you purchase your shares through a financial intermediary. Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or contingent deferred (back-end) sales load ("CDSC") waivers, certain of which are discussed below. In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify the fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase fund shares directly from a fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts. The sales charge waivers and discounts described in this Appendix have been provided by the named intermediaries and are available only if you purchase your shares through the particular intermediary. Please contact the applicable intermediary with any questions regarding how that intermediary applies the policies described below and for assistance in determining whether you may qualify for a particular sales charge waiver or discount.

The Transamerica Fund Family consists of (i) Transamerica Funds ("TF"); (ii) Transamerica Series Trust ("TST"); (iii) Transamerica ETF Trust ("TET"); and (iv) Transamerica Asset Allocation Variable Funds ("TAAVF") (collectively, the "Transamerica Fund Family").

**Ameriprise Financial ("Ameriprise"):**

Shareholders purchasing fund shares through an Ameriprise platform or account will be eligible for the following front-end sales charge waivers and discounts with respect to Class A shares, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the prospectus or SAI.

**Class A Shares Front-end Sales Charge Waivers Available at Ameriprise** 

• Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs or SAR-SEPs.

• Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the Transamerica Fund Family).

• Shares exchanged from Class C shares of the same fund in the month of or following the 7-year anniversary of the purchase date. To the extent that the prospectus elsewhere provides for a waiver with respect to exchanges of Class C shares or conversion of Class C shares following a shorter holding period, that waiver will apply.

• Employees and registered representatives of Ameriprise or its affiliates and their immediate family members.

• Shares purchased by or through qualified accounts (including IRAs, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, 401(k)s, 403(b) TSCAs subject to ERISA and defined benefit plans) that are held by a covered family member, defined as an Ameriprise financial advisor and/or the advisor's spouse, advisor's lineal ascendant (mother, father, grandmother, grandfather, great grandmother, great grandfather), advisor's lineal descendant (son, step-son, daughter, step-daughter, grandson, granddaughter, great grandson, great granddaughter) or any spouse of a covered family member who is a lineal descendant.

• Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions from another fund within the Transamerica Fund Family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (i.e. Rights of Reinstatement).

**Baird ("Baird"):**

Effective June 15, 2020, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Baird platform or account will only be eligible for the following sales charge waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and CDSC waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the prospectus or the SAI.

**Front-end Sales Charge Waivers on Class A shares Available at Baird**

• Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund

• Shares purchased by employees and registered representatives of Baird or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Baird

• Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions from another fund in the Transamerica Fund Family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same accounts, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales charge (known as rights of reinstatement)

• A shareholder in the fund's Class C shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A shares of the fund if the shares are no longer subject to CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Baird

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Shares purchased through employer-sponsored retirement plans or charitable accounts in a transactional brokerage account at Baird, including 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans. For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs or SAR-SEPs

**CDSC Waivers on Class A and Class C shares Available at Baird**

• Shares sold due to death or disability of the shareholder

• Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund's prospectus

• Shares bought due to returns of excess contributions from an IRA Account

• Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching the qualified age based on applicable IRS regulations as described in the fund's prospectus

• Shares sold to pay Baird fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Baird

• Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement

**Front-end Sales Charge Discounts Available at Baird: Breakpoints and/or Rights of Accumulations**

• Breakpoints as described in the prospectus

• Rights of accumulations which entitles shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of Transamerica Fund Family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at Baird. Eligible Transamerica Fund Family assets not held at Baird may be included in the rights of accumulations calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets

• Letters of Intent (LOI) allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases of funds within the Transamerica Fund Family through Baird, over a 13-month period of time

**D.A. Davidson & Co. ("D.A. Davidson"):**

Shareholders purchasing fund shares, including existing fund shareholders, through a D.A. Davidson platform or account, or through an introducing broker-dealer or independent registered investment advisor for which D.A. Davidson provides trade execution, clearance, and/or custody services, will be eligible for the following sales charge waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the prospectus or the SAI.

**Front-end Sales Charge Waivers on Class A shares Available at D.A. Davidson**

• Shares purchased within the Transamerica Fund Family through a systematic reinvestment of capital gains and dividend distributions.

• Employees and registered representatives of D.A. Davidson or its affiliates and their family members as designated by D.A. Davidson.

• Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the Transamerica Fund Family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales charge (known as Rights of Reinstatement).

• A shareholder in a fund's Class C shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A shares of the fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is consistent with D.A. Davidson's policies and procedures.

**CDSC Waivers on Class A and Class C shares Available at D.A. Davidson**

• Death or disability of the shareholder.

• Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund's prospectus.

• Return of excess contributions from an IRA account.

• Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA or other qualifying retirement accounts pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code.

• Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement.

**Front-end Sales Charge Discounts Available at D.A. Davidson: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation and/or Letters of Intent**

• Breakpoints as described in the prospectus.

• Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of Transamerica Fund Family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at D.A. Davidson. Eligible Transamerica Fund Family assets not held at D.A. Davidson may be included in the calculation of rights of accumulation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

• Letters of intent which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within the Transamerica Fund Family, over a 13-month time period. Eligible Transamerica Fund Family assets not held at D.A. Davidson may be included in the calculation of letters of intent only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

------

**Edward D. Jones & Co., L.P. ("Edward Jones"):**

**Policies Regarding Transactions Through Edward Jones**

*The following information has been provided by Edward Jones:*

Effective on or after March 1, 2021, the following information supersedes prior information with respect to transactions and positions held in fund shares through an Edward Jones system. Clients of Edward Jones (also referred to as "shareholders") purchasing fund shares on the Edward Jones commission and fee-based platforms are eligible only for the following sales charge discounts (also referred to as "breakpoints") and waivers, which can differ from discounts and waivers described elsewhere in the fund's prospectus or statement of additional information ("SAI") or through another broker-dealer. In all instances, it is the shareholder's responsibility to inform Edward Jones at the time of purchase of any relationship, holdings of the Transamerica Fund Family, or other facts qualifying the purchaser for discounts or waivers. Edward Jones can ask for documentation of such circumstance. Shareholders should contact Edward Jones if they have questions regarding their eligibility for these discounts and waivers.

**Breakpoints**

• Breakpoint pricing, otherwise known as volume pricing, at dollar thresholds as described in the prospectus.

**Rights of Accumulation ("ROA")**

• The applicable sales charge on a purchase of Class A shares is determined by taking into account all share classes (except certain money market funds and any assets held in group retirement plans) of the Transamerica Fund Family held by the shareholder or in an account grouped by Edward Jones with other accounts for the purpose of providing certain pricing considerations ("pricing groups"). If grouping assets as a shareholder, this includes all share classes held on the Edward Jones platform and/or held on another platform. The inclusion of eligible Transamerica Fund Family assets in the ROA calculation is dependent on the shareholder notifying Edward Jones of such assets at the time of calculation. Money market funds are included only if such shares were sold with a sales charge at the time of purchase or acquired in exchange for shares purchased with a sales charge.

• The employer maintaining a SEP IRA plan and/or SIMPLE IRA plan may elect to establish or change ROA for the IRA accounts associated with the plan to a plan-level grouping as opposed to including all share classes at a shareholder or pricing group level.

• ROA is determined by calculating the higher of cost minus redemptions or market value (current shares x NAV).

**Letter of Intent ("LOI")**

• Through a LOI, shareholders can receive the sales charge and breakpoint discounts for purchases shareholders intend to make over a 13-month period from the date Edward Jones receives the LOI. The LOI is determined by calculating the higher of cost or market value of qualifying holdings at LOI initiation in combination with the value that the shareholder intends to buy over a 13-month period to calculate the front-end sales charge and any breakpoint discounts. Each purchase the shareholder makes during that 13-month period will receive the sales charge and breakpoint discount that applies to the total amount. The inclusion of Transamerica Fund Family assets in the LOI calculation is dependent on the shareholder notifying Edward Jones of such assets at the time of calculation. Purchases made before the LOI is received by Edward Jones are not adjusted under the LOI and will not reduce the sales charge previously paid. Sales charges will be adjusted if LOI is not met.

• If the employer maintaining a SEP IRA plan and/or SIMPLE IRA plan has elected to establish or change ROA for the IRA accounts associated with the plan to a plan-level grouping, LOIs will also be at the plan-level and may only be established by the employer.

**Sales Charge Waivers**

Sales charges are waived for the following shareholders and in the following situations:

• Associates of Edward Jones and its affiliates and their family members who are in the same pricing group (as determined by Edward Jones under its policies and procedures) as the associate. This waiver will continue for the remainder of the associate's life if the associate retires from Edward Jones in good-standing and remains in good standing pursuant to Edward Jones' policies and procedures.

• Shares purchased in an Edward Jones fee-based program.

• Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment.

• Shares purchased from the proceeds of redeemed shares of the Transamerica Fund Family, so long as the following conditions are met: 1) the proceeds are from the sale of shares within 60 days of the purchase, and 2) the sale and purchase are made in the same share class and the same account or the purchase is made in an individual retirement account with proceeds from liquidations in a non-retirement account.

• Shares exchanged into Class A shares from another share class so long as the exchange is into the same fund and was initiated at the discretion of Edward Jones. Edward Jones is responsible for any remaining CDSC due to the fund company, if applicable. Any future purchases are subject to the applicable sales charge as disclosed in the prospectus.

• Exchanges from Class C shares to Class A shares of the same fund, generally, in the 84<sup>th</sup> month following the anniversary of the purchase date or earlier at the discretion of Edward Jones.

------

**Contingent Deferred Sales Charge ("CDSC") Waivers**

If the shareholder purchases shares that are subject to a CDSC and those shares are redeemed before the CDSC is expired, the shareholder is responsible to pay the CDSC except in the following conditions:

• The death or disability of the shareholder.

• Systematic withdrawals with up to 10% per year of the account value.

• Return of excess contributions from an Individual Retirement Account ("IRA").

• Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts if the redemption is taken in or after the year the shareholder reaches qualified age based on applicable IRS regulations.

• Shares sold to pay Edward Jones fees or costs in such cases where the transaction is initiated by Edward Jones.

• Shares exchanged in an Edward Jones fee-based program.

• Shares acquired through NAV reinstatement.

• Shares redeemed at the discretion of Edward Jones for Minimum Balances, as described below.

**Other Important Information Regarding Transactions Through Edward Jones**

**Minimum Purchase Amounts**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Initial purchase minimum: $250

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Subsequent purchase minimum: none

**Minimum Balances**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Edward Jones has the right to redeem at its discretion fund holdings with a balance of $250 or less. The following are examples of accounts that are not included in this policy:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A fee-based account held on an Edward Jones platform

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A 529 account held on an Edward Jones platform

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• An account with an active systematic investment plan or LOI

**Exchanging Share Classes**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• At any time it deems necessary, Edward Jones has the authority to exchange at NAV a shareholder's holdings in a fund to Class A shares of the same fund.

**Janney Montgomery Scott LLC ("Janney"):**

Effective May 1, 2020, if you purchase fund shares through a Janney brokerage account, you will be eligible for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC"), or back-end sales charge, waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the fund's prospectus or SAI.

**Front-end Sales Charge\* Waivers on Class A shares available at Janney**

• Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the Transamerica Fund Family).

• Shares purchased by employees and registered representatives of Janney or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Janney.

• Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the Transamerica Fund Family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within ninety (90) days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (i.e., right of reinstatement).

• Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs, SAR-SEPs or Keogh plans.

• Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement.

• Class C shares that are no longer subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and are converted to Class A shares of the same fund pursuant to Janney's policies and procedures.

**CDSC Waivers on Class A and Class C Shares available at Janney**

• Shares sold upon the death or disability of the shareholder.

• Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund's prospectus.

• Shares purchased in connection with a return of excess contributions from an IRA account.

• Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and other retirement accounts due to the reaching the qualified age based on applicable IRS regulations as described in the fund's prospectus.

• Shares sold to pay Janney fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Janney.

• Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement.

• Shares exchanged into the same share class of a different fund.

------

**Front-end Sales Charge\* Discounts Available at Janney: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation and/or Letters of Intent**

• Breakpoints as described in the fund's prospectus.

• Rights of accumulation ("ROA"), which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts, will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of Transamerica Fund Family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at Janney. Eligible Transamerica Fund Family assets not held at Janney may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

• Letters of intent which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within the Transamerica Fund Family, over a 13-month time period. Eligible Transamerica Fund Family assets not held at Janney may be included in the calculation of letters of intent only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

\*Also referred to as an "initial sales charge."

**Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated ("Merrill Lynch"):**

Shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the fund's prospectus or SAI.

**Front-end Sales Charge Waivers on Class A shares available at Merrill Lynch**

• Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan

• Shares purchased by a 529 Plan (does not include 529 Plan units or 529-specific share classes or equivalents)

• Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program

• Shares exchanged due to the holdings moving from a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program to a Merrill Lynch brokerage (non-advisory account pursuant to Merrill Lynch's policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers

• Shares purchased by third party investment advisers on behalf of their advisory clients through a Merrill Lynch platform

• Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform (if applicable)

• Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the Transamerica Fund Family)

• Shares exchanged from Class C (i.e. level-load) shares of the same fund pursuant to Merrill Lynch's policies and procedures relating to sales load discounts and waivers

• Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members

• Directors or Trustees of the fund, and employees of the fund's investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in the prospectus

• Eligible shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions from within the Transamerica Fund Family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement). Automated transactions (i.e. systematic purchases and withdrawals) and purchases made after shares are automatically sold to pay Merrill Lynch's account maintenance fees are not eligible for reinstatement

**CDSC Waivers on Class A and Class C Shares available at Merrill Lynch**

• Death or disability of the shareholder

• Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund's prospectus

• Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account

• Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code

• Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch

• Shares redeemed through a right of reinstatement

• Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to certain fee-based accounts or platforms (applicable to A and C shares only)

• Shares received through an exchange due to the holdings moving from a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program to a Merrill Lynch brokerage (non-advisory) account pursuant to Merrill Lynch's policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers

**Front-end Load Discounts Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent**

• Breakpoints as described in the prospectus

• Rights of Accumulation ("ROA") which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts as described in the fund's prospectus will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of Transamerica Fund Family assets held by accounts (including 529 program holdings, where applicable) within the purchaser's household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible Transamerica Fund Family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Letters of Intent ("LOI") which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within the Transamerica Fund Family, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time (if applicable)

**Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC ("Morgan Stanley"):**

Effective July 1, 2018, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Morgan Stanley Wealth Management transactional brokerage account will be eligible only for the following front-end sales charge waivers with respect to Class A shares, which may differ from and may be more limited than those disclosed elsewhere in the prospectus or SAI.

**Front-end Sales Charge Waivers on Class A Shares available at Morgan Stanley Wealth Management**

• Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs, SAR-SEPs or Keogh plans.

• Morgan Stanley employee and employee-related accounts according to Morgan Stanley's account linking rules.

• Shares purchased through reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions when purchasing shares of the same fund.

• Shares purchased through a Morgan Stanley self-directed brokerage account.

• Class C (i.e., level-load) shares that are no longer subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and are converted to Class A shares of the same fund pursuant to Morgan Stanley Wealth Management's share class conversion program.

• Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the Transamerica Fund Family, provided (i) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (ii) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (iii) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales charge.

**Oppenheimer & Co. ("Oppenheimer"):**

Effective February 26, 2020, shareholders purchasing fund shares through an Oppenheimer platform or account are eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the fund's prospectus or SAI.

**Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares available at Oppenheimer**

• Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan

• Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan

• Shares purchased through a Oppenheimer affiliated investment advisory program

• Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the Transamerica Fund Family)

• Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the Transamerica Fund Family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same amount, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Restatement).

• A shareholder in the fund's Class C shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A shares (or the appropriate share class) of the fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Oppenheimer

• Employees and registered representatives of Oppenheimer or its affiliates and their family members

• Directors or Trustees of the fund, and employees of the fund's investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in the prospectus

**CDSC Waivers on A, B and C Shares available at Oppenheimer**

• Death or disability of the shareholder

• Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund's prospectus

• Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account

• Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching the qualified age based on applicable IRS regulations as described in the prospectus

• Shares sold to pay Oppenheimer fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Oppenheimer

• Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement

**Front-end load Discounts Available at Oppenheimer: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent**

• Breakpoints as described in the prospectus

• Rights of Accumulation ("ROA") which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of Transamerica Fund Family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at Oppenheimer. Eligible Transamerica Fund Family assets not held at Oppenheimer may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets

------

**Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. & Raymond James affiliates ("Raymond James"):**

Effective March 1, 2019, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account, or through an introducing broker-dealer or independent registered investment adviser for which Raymond James provides trade execution, clearance, and/or custody services, will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in the fund's prospectus or SAI.

**Front-end Sales Charge Waivers on Class A Shares available at Raymond James**

• Shares purchased in an investment advisory program.

• Shares purchased within the Transamerica Fund Family through a systematic reinvestment of capital gains and dividend distributions.

• Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James.

• Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the Transamerica Fund Family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement).

• A shareholder in the fund's Class C shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A shares (or the appropriate share class) of the fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James.

**CDSC Waivers on Classes A and C Shares available at Raymond James**

• Death or disability of the shareholder.

• Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund's prospectus.

• Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account.

• Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching the qualified age based on applicable IRS regulations as described in the fund's prospectus.

• Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James.

• Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement.

**Front-end load discounts available at Raymond James: breakpoints, and/or rights of accumulation, and/or letters of intent**

• Breakpoints as described in the prospectus.

• Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of Transamerica Fund Family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at Raymond James. Eligible Transamerica Fund Family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of rights of accumulation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

• Letters of intent which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within the Transamerica Fund Family, over a 13-month time period. Eligible Transamerica Fund Family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of letters of intent only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]

------

**Both the investment returns and principal value of mutual funds will fluctuate over time so that shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost.**

Transamerica Funds <br>1801 California Street, Suite 5200 <br>Denver, CO 80202 <br>Customer Service: 1-888-233-4339

Shareholder inquiries and transaction requests should be mailed to: <br>Transamerica Fund Services, Inc. <br>P.O. Box 219945 <br>Kansas City, MO 64121-9945

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION about these funds is contained in the Statement of Additional Information dated [March 31, 2023], as may be further supplemented or revised from time to time, and in the annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. The Statement of Additional Information is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Information about the funds (including the Statement of Additional Information) has been filed with and is available from the SEC. Copies of this information may be obtained upon payment of a duplication fee or by electronic request at the following e-mail address, publicinfo@sec.gov. Reports and other information about the funds are also available on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov.

To obtain a copy of the Statement of Additional Information or the annual and semi-annual reports (when available), without charge, or to request other information or make other inquiries about the funds, call or write to Transamerica Funds at the phone number or address above or visit Transamerica Funds website at www.transamerica.com. In the Transamerica Funds annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the funds' performance during the last fiscal year. Additional information about the funds' investments is available in the funds' annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders (when available).

Each fund's most recently calculated net asset value per share is available on our website at www.transamerica.com.

www.transamerica.com <br> Sales Support: 1-800-851-7555 <br>Distributor: Transamerica Capital, Inc.

The Investment Company Act File Number for Transamerica Funds is 811-04556.

------

Transamerica Funds<br>

Prospectus [March 31, 2023]<br>Class I2 Shares

![](g449521tf_blacknotrust.jpg)<br>

![](g449521imgdcb9a7021.jpg)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Fund** | **Ticker** |
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | [ ] |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Fund** | **Ticker** |
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | [ ] |

---

<br>Each of the funds listed above is a series of Transamerica Funds.

<br>Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission has approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

MPCAI20323

------

**TABLE OF CONTENTS** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page** |
| [Transamerica International Sustainable Equity](#xx_13bdd703-7fea-4fc1-b07c-35afa1aacef7_1) | 1  |
| [Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity](#xx_0515350e-93c8-4981-81b4-44120856fa6e_1) | 6  |
| [More on Each Fund's Strategies and Investments](#xx_cfdcfb30-0d22-4484-87b9-463614426e68_1) | 10  |
| [More on Risks of Investing in the Funds](#xx_cfdcfb30-0d22-4484-87b9-463614426e68_3) | 12  |
| [Shareholder Information](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_1) | 23 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Management of Transamerica Funds](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_1) | 23  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Investment Manager](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_1) | 23  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Sub-Adviser(s)](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_2) | 24  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Portfolio Manager(s)](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_2) | 24  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_3) | 25  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Fund Expenses](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_3) | 25  |
| [How To Contact the Funds](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_3) | 25  |
| [Opening an Account](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_3) | 25  |
| [Buying Shares](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_4) | 26  |
| [Selling Shares](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_5) | 27  |
| [Exchanging Shares](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_6) | 28  |
| [Features and Policies](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_8) | 30  |
| [Pricing of Shares](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_11) | 33  |
| [Distribution of Shares](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_12) | 34  |
| [Distributions and Taxes](#xx_d58e71d2-69f2-4438-bd1a-e1afd1836da3_14) | 36  |
| [Financial Highlights](#xx_c936c77e-36be-4d2f-a1c7-d86aa0bcab51_1) | 39  |

---

------

**Transamerica International Sustainable Equity**

**Investment Objective:**

Seeks long-term capital appreciation.

**Fees and Expenses:** This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the fund. **You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.**

------

**Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)** 

---

| |
|:---|
| Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a <br> percentage of offering price)<br>|
| Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of <br> purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower)<br>|

---

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management fees | 0.55% |
| Distribution and service (12b-1) fees |  |
| Other expenses<sup>1</sup> <br>| 1.44% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses | 1.99% |
| Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement<sup>2</sup> <br>| 1.29% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or <br> expense reimbursement<br>| 0.70% |

---

Other expenses are based on estimates for the current fiscal year.

Contractual arrangements have been made with the fund's investment manager, Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM"), through March 1, 2025 to waive fees and/or reimburse fund expenses to the extent that total annual fund operating expenses exceed 0.70% for Class I2 shares, excluding, as applicable, acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on securities sold short, extraordinary expenses and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the fund's business. These arrangements cannot be terminated prior to March 1, 2025 without the Board of Trustees' consent. TAM is permitted to recapture amounts waived and/or reimbursed to a class during any of the 36 months from the date on which TAM waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses for the class if the class' total annual fund operating expenses have fallen to a level below the limits described above. In no case will TAM recapture any amount that would result, on any particular business day of the fund, in the class' total annual operating expenses exceeding the applicable limits described above or any other lower limit then in effect.

**Example:** This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects applicable waivers and/or reimbursements for the duration of such arrangement(s). Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **1 year** | **3 years** |
| Class I2 | $72  | $366 |

---

**Portfolio Turnover:** The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher

transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the fund's performance. Portfolio turnover rate is not included because the fund did not commence operations until the date of this prospectus.

**Principal Investment Strategies:** Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in common stock of companies in foreign developed and emerging markets (including frontier market countries), that the fund's sub-adviser, Calamos Advisors LLC (the "sub-adviser"), believes have above average growth potential and meet the sub-adviser's sustainability criteria. The fund will generally be invested in a minimum of five (5) countries outside the U.S.

The fund considers foreign (non-U.S.) companies to be those companies that either maintain their principal place of business outside of the United States, have their securities principally traded on non-U.S. exchanges or were formed under the laws of non-U.S. countries. Foreign companies may include companies doing business in the U.S. but meet the fund's general criteria of a foreign company described above. Emerging markets are markets of countries in the initial stages of industrialization and generally have low per capita income. Certain emerging markets are sometimes referred to as "frontier markets." Frontier markets are the least advanced capital markets in the developing world. Frontier markets are countries with investable stock markets that are less established than those in the emerging markets. To determine if a country is an emerging market or frontier market country, the sub-adviser will use the classification provided by MSCI, Inc. Foreign securities include American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") or securities guaranteed by a U.S. person but which represent underlying shares of foreign issuers, and may include foreign securities in the form of European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other securities representing underlying shares of foreign issuers.

The sub-adviser's stock selection process incorporates the sub-adviser's belief that companies able to sustain success over the long term share certain defining characteristics. The sub-adviser has found that these characteristics apply whether the company is an established global market leader or a smaller regional player with a new or better product. The sub-adviser believes that valuation is also an important aspect of stock selection and analyzes a company's stock price relative to its history, the market, and its peers in an effort to avoid overpaying for, what the sub-adviser considers to be, an excellent company. In its stock selection process, the sub-adviser screens out companies with $2 billion or less in market caps and less than $1 million in average daily trading volume.

The sub-adviser utilizes a proprietary environmental, social and governance ("ESG") rating system, considering both quantitative and qualitative factors, to identify what it considers to be responsible, engaged companies (companies that demonstrate awareness

------

and action surrounding the material ESG issues facing their businesses and industries).The sub-adviser believes that a company's understanding of ESG principles demonstrates the qualities of innovation and leadership that create a distinct competitive advantage and build long-term value. The sub-adviser considers a company's position on various factors such as ecological limits, environmental stewardship, environmental strategies, stance on human rights and equality, societal impact as well as its corporate governance practices. The sub-adviser conducts fundamental research to find issuers it views as having attractive ESG and financial attributes. In conducting fundamental research, the sub-adviser combines traditional investment information with its proprietary three-pronged ESG process to identify investments which it believes promote certain environmental, social, and governance characteristics. The sub-adviser believes that its ESG process creates a full picture of how an issuer behaves commercially and how it deals with existing and emerging ESG risks and opportunities. The three-pronged ESG process consists of: 1) exclusionary screens; 2) materiality assessments; and 3) ESG impact scoring. The sub-adviser utilizes a range of data sources as part of its proprietary ESG ratings system. These data sources may include, but are not limited to: corporate disclosures, third-party research providers (e.g., MSCI ESG, Bloomberg, etc.), non-governmental organizations and non-profits (e.g., Greenpeace, Friends of Earth, etc.), academic publications, news services and memberships. The sub-adviser does not solely rely on the ESG ratings of any third-party research providers.

The sub-adviser's philosophy and process results in certain industries and business activities that are viewed as too environmentally risky or present social outcomes that are too unattractive to warrant investment consideration and are avoided through exclusionary screens. Those industries and businesses are: agricultural biotechnology, alcohol, animal testing, fossil fuels, gambling, metals/mining, nuclear energy, tobacco, and weapons. The sub-adviser will generally exclude a company from investment consideration to the extent the company derives more than 5% of its revenue or profits from such an industry or business activity. Regarding animal testing, the sub-adviser evaluates companies involved in animal testing on a case-by-case basis depending on purpose and methods.

The sub-adviser then applies third-party materiality mapping tools combined with its own insights and emphasis on ESG leadership to identify and analyze, what the sub-adviser believes to be, the key ESG risks and opportunities for a particular industry.

Overlaying these top-down and bottom-up approaches, the sub-adviser then utilizes a proprietary ESG scoring system, which considers both quantitative and qualitative factors to assign scores to potential fund investments. The sub-adviser's scoring system considers the sub-adviser's view of an issuer's position in respect of various ESG characteristics, including product contribution to a sustainable economy; product lifecycle innovation; operational efficiencies; inclusive finance; ensuring health and providing basic services; as well as an issuer's corporate governance practices. Companies are scored by the sub-adviser on ESG characteristics in the following categories: product innovation, life-cycle analysis and design (i.e., sustainable procurement, packaging and end of

life), operational efficiencies (carbon, energy, waste and water strategies), leadership and employee engagement, ESG disclosures, and human development and contribution (i.e., ensuring health, inclusive finance and providing basic services). A company must earn a score higher than 3 (on a 1-5 scale) in one of the identified categories to be considered by the sub-adviser for inclusion in the fund. All potential fund investments are assigned an ESG score and companies with an ESG score of 3 or lower are not eligible for investment by the fund.

The sub-adviser may sell stocks for several reasons, including when the stock no longer meets its ESG criteria, when the security declines in value, when the sub-adviser believes it is overvalued, or when it no longer reflects the investment thesis defined by the sub-adviser.

The fund generally seeks diversification by country and economic sector. The fund invests primarily in common stocks, ADRs, EDRs and GDRs.

The fund's sub-adviser will not typically utilize derivatives except for purchasing futures for cash equitization purposes or purchasing market access products to seek to achieve efficient investment exposure (e.g., instances where local markets may not be available for trading). The fund may also invest in exchange-traded funds for these purposes.

The fund may invest in China A-shares (equity securities of Chinese companies) listed and traded on Chinese stock exchanges such as the Shanghai Stock Exchange or the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

**Principal Risks:** Risk is inherent in all investing. Many factors and risks affect the fund's performance, including those described below. The value of your investment in the fund, as well as the amount of return you receive on your investment, may fluctuate significantly day to day and over time. You may lose part or all of your investment in the fund or your investment may not perform as well as other similar investments. The following is a summary description of principal risks (in alphabetical order after certain key risks) of investing in the fund. An investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. **You may lose money if you invest in this fund.**

**Market** – The market prices of the fund's securities or other assets may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions, overall economic trends or events, inflation, changes in interest rates, governmental actions or interventions, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by tariffs, trade disputes or other factors, political developments, armed conflicts, economic sanctions, cybersecurity events, investor sentiment, public health events such as the spread of infectious disease, and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. If the market prices of the fund's securities and assets fall, the value of your investment in the fund could go down.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Events or circumstances in one or more countries or regions could be highly disruptive to, and have profound impacts on, global economies or markets. As a result,

------

whether or not the fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the fund's investments may go down.

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic, the large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the rise of inflation have resulted in extreme volatility in the global economy and in global financial markets. These events could be prolonged and could continue to adversely affect the value and liquidity of the fund's investments, impair the fund's ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the fund's performance.

**Equity Securities** – Equity securities generally have greater risk of loss than debt securities. Stock markets are volatile and the value of equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of equity securities fluctuates based on real or perceived changes in a company's financial condition, factors affecting a particular industry or industries, and overall market, economic and political conditions. If the market prices of the equity securities owned by the fund fall, the value of your investment in the fund will decline. The fund may lose its entire investment in the equity securities of an issuer. A change in financial condition or other event affecting a single issuer may adversely impact securities markets as a whole.

**Small and Medium Capitalization Companies –** The fund will be exposed to additional risks as a result of its investments in the securities of small or medium capitalization companies. Small or medium capitalization companies may be more at risk than large capitalization companies because, among other things, they may have limited product lines, operating history, market or financial resources, or because they may depend on a limited management group. Securities of small and medium capitalization companies may be more volatile than and may underperform large capitalization companies, may be harder to sell at times and at prices the portfolio managers believe appropriate and may offer greater potential for losses.

**Sustainability Investing –** Applying the sub-adviser's sustainability assessment framework to its investment analysis for the fund may impact the sub-adviser's investment decisions as to securities of certain issuers and, therefore, the fund may forgo some investment opportunities available to funds that do not apply sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. Applying sustainability criteria may impact the fund's exposure to risks associated with certain issuers, industries and sectors, which may impact the fund's investment performance. Securities of companies meeting the sub-adviser's sustainability criteria may shift into and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions, and the fund's performance may at times be better or worse than the performance of similar funds that do not utilize sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. "Sustainability" is not a uniformly defined characteristic and applying sustainability criteria involves subjective assessment. The fund's investments may include securities of issuers that derive revenue from non-sustainable activities. Sustainability information from third party data providers may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable, which could lead to an incorrect assessment of a company's sustainability characteristics.

**Growth Stocks** – Returns on growth stocks may not move in tandem with returns on other categories of stocks or the market as a whole. Growth stocks typically are particularly sensitive to market movements and may involve larger price swings because their market prices tend to reflect future expectations. When it appears those expectations may not be met, the prices of growth stocks typically fall. Growth stocks may also be more volatile because they often do not pay dividends. The values of growth stocks tend to go down when interest rates rise because the rise in interest rates reduces the current value of future cash flows. Growth stocks as a group may be out of favor and underperform the overall equity market for a long period of time, for example, while the market favors "value" stocks.

**Foreign Investments** – Investing in securities of foreign issuers or issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets involves additional risks. Foreign markets can be less liquid, less regulated, less transparent and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of the fund's foreign investments may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, because of factors affecting the particular issuer as well as foreign markets and issuers generally, such as unfavorable government actions, including nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, reduction of government or central bank support, tariffs and trade disruptions, sanctions, political or financial instability, social unrest or other adverse economic or political developments. Foreign investments may also be subject to different accounting practices and different regulatory, legal, auditing, financial reporting and recordkeeping standards and practices, and may be more difficult to value than investments in U.S. issuers. Certain foreign clearance and settlement procedures may result in an inability to execute transactions or delays in settlement.

**Management** – The value of your investment may go down if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's judgments and decisions are incorrect or otherwise do not produce the desired results, or if the investment strategy does not work as intended. You may also suffer losses if there are imperfections, errors or limitations in the quantitative, analytic or other tools, resources, information and data used, investment techniques applied, or the analyses employed or relied on, by the investment manager or sub-adviser, if such tools, resources, information or data are used incorrectly or otherwise do not work as intended, or if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's investment style is out of favor or otherwise fails to produce the desired results. Any of these things could cause the fund to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

**Active Trading** – The fund may purchase and sell securities without regard to the length of time held. Active trading may be more pronounced during periods of market volatility, may have a negative impact on performance and may generate greater amounts of short-term capital gains.

**China A–Shares** – The fund may invest in equity securities of certain Chinese companies, referred to as China A-shares, through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program or the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (collectively, the "Programs"). The Programs are subject to daily quota limitations, which may restrict the fund's ability to invest in China A-shares through the Programs and to enter into or exit trades on a timely basis. The Shanghai and Shenzhen markets may be open at a time when the Programs are not trading, with the result that prices of China

------

A-shares may fluctuate at times when the fund is unable to add to or exit its position. Only certain China A-shares are eligible to be accessed through the Programs. Such securities may lose their eligibility at any time, in which case they could be sold but could no longer be purchased through the Programs. Because the Programs are new, the actual effect on the market for trading China A-shares with the introduction of large numbers of foreign investors is currently unknown. Further, regulations or restrictions, such as limitations on redemptions, suspension of trading and limitations on profits, may adversely impact the Programs and/or the fund's investments through the Programs. There is no guarantee that applicable exchanges in Hong Kong and mainland China will continue to support the Programs in the future.

Investments in China A-shares are subject to risks specific to the China market. Any significant change in mainland China's political, social or economic policies may have a negative impact on investments in the China market.

In addition, uncertainties in mainland China tax legislation could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a fund and therefore could affect the amount of income which may be derived, and the amount of capital returned, from the investments in China A-shares by the fund.

**Currency** – The value of a fund's investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers may also be affected by currency risk. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could reduce or eliminate investment gains or add to investment losses. A fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure or any hedge may not be effective.

**Depositary Receipts** – Depositary receipts are generally subject to the same risks as are the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted, and they may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. In addition, depositary receipts expose the fund to risk associated with the non-uniform terms that apply to depositary receipt programs, credit exposure to the depositary bank and to the sponsors and other parties with whom the depositary bank establishes the programs. Holders of depositary receipts may have limited voting rights, and investment restrictions in certain countries may adversely impact the value of depositary receipts because such restrictions may limit the ability to convert equity shares into depositary receipts and vice versa.

**Emerging Markets** – Investments in securities of issuers located or doing business in emerging markets are subject to heightened foreign investments risks and may experience rapid and extreme changes in value. Emerging market countries tend to have less developed and less stable economic, political and legal systems and regulatory and accounting standards, may have policies that restrict investment by foreigners or that prevent foreign investors such as the fund from withdrawing their money at will, and are more likely to experience nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. In addition, emerging market securities may have low trading volumes and may be or become illiquid.

**Focused Investing –** To the extent the fund invests in a limited number of countries, regions, sectors, industries or market segments, in a limited number of issuers, or in issuers in related businesses or that are subject to related operating risks, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those countries, regions, sectors, industries, segments or issuers, and the value of its shares may be more volatile than if it invested more widely.

**Frontier Markets –** Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies and even less developed capital markets than emerging market countries. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries.

**Large Capitalization Companies –** The fund's investments in larger, more established companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.

**Large Shareholder –** A significant portion of the fund's shares may be owned by other funds sponsored by Transamerica. Transactions by these funds may be disruptive to the management of the fund. For example, the fund may experience large redemptions and could be required to sell securities at a time when it may not otherwise desire to do so. Such transactions may increase the fund's brokerage and/or other transaction costs. These transactions may also accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments resulted in gains. In addition, sizeable redemptions could cause the fund's total expenses to increase.

**Liquidity** – The fund may make investments that are illiquid or that become illiquid after purchase. Illiquid investments can be difficult to value, may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments, and may be subject to wide fluctuations in value. Liquidity risk may be magnified in rising interest rate environments. If the fund is forced to sell an illiquid investment to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. Liquidity of particular investments, or even entire asset classes, including U.S. Treasury securities, can deteriorate rapidly, particularly during times of market turmoil, and those investments may be difficult or impossible for the fund to sell. This may prevent the fund from limiting losses.

**Valuation** – The sales price the fund could receive for any particular portfolio investment may differ from the fund's valuation of the investment, particularly for securities that trade in thin or volatile markets, that are priced based upon valuations provided by third party pricing services that use matrix or evaluated pricing systems, or that are valued using a fair value methodology. These differences may increase significantly and affect fund investments more broadly during periods of market volatility. Investors who purchase or redeem fund shares on days when the fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive fewer or more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the fund had not fair-valued securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The fund's ability to value its investments may also be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgment, which may prove to be incorrect.

------

**Warrants and Rights –** Warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments because they do not entitle a holder to the dividends or voting rights for the securities that may be purchased, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. If the warrant is not exercised before the expiration date, it generally expires without any value and the fund will lose any amount it paid for the warrant.

**Performance:** No performance is shown for the fund. Performance information will appear in a future version of this prospectus once the fund has a full calendar year of performance information to report to investors.

The fund's benchmark is the MSCI All Country World ex-U.S. Index.

Absent any applicable fee waivers and/or expense limitations, performance would be lower.

As with all mutual funds, past performance (before and after taxes) is not a prediction of future results. Updated performance information is available on our website at www.transamerica.com/investments-fund-center or by calling 1-888-233-4339.

**Management:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Calamos Advisors LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Calamos Advisors LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Calamos Advisors LLC<br> *Portfolio Managers:* |
| James Madden, <br> CFA<br>| Co-Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |
| Anthony Tursich, <br> CFA<br>| Co-Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |
| Beth Williamson | Associate Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |

---

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares:** Class I2 shares of the fund are currently primarily offered for investment by certain funds of funds (also referred to as "strategic asset allocation funds"). Class I2 shares of the fund are also made available to other investors, including institutional investors such as foreign insurers, domestic insurance companies and their separate accounts, and unaffiliated funds, high net worth individuals, and eligible retirement plans whose recordkeepers or financial service firm intermediaries have entered into agreements with Transamerica Funds or its agents. Investors who received Class I2 shares in connection with the reorganization of a Transamerica Premier Fund into a Transamerica Fund may continue to invest in Class I2 shares of that Transamerica Fund, but may not open new accounts. You buy and redeem shares at the fund's next-determined net asset value ("NAV") after receipt of your request in good order. There is no investment minimum for investments in Class I2 shares of the fund.

**Tax Information:** Fund distributions may be taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. In that case, you may be taxed when you take a distribution from such plan, depending on the type of plan, the circumstances of your distribution and other factors.

**Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries:** If you purchase the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the fund and/or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

------

**Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity**

**Investment Objective:**

Seeks to maximize long-term growth.

**Fees and Expenses:** This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the fund. **You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.**

------

**Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)** 

---

| |
|:---|
| Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a <br> percentage of offering price)<br>|
| Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of <br> purchase price or redemption proceeds, whichever is lower)<br>|

---

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management fees | 0.48% |
| Distribution and service (12b-1) fees |  |
| Other expenses<sup>1</sup> <br>| 1.45% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses | 1.93% |
| Fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement<sup>2</sup> <br>| 1.38% |
| Total annual fund operating expenses after fee waiver and/or <br> expense reimbursement<br>| 0.55% |

---

Other expenses are based on estimates for the current fiscal year.

Contractual arrangements have been made with the fund's investment manager, Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM"), through March 1, 2025 to waive fees and/or reimburse fund expenses to the extent that total annual fund operating expenses exceed 0.55% for Class I2 shares, excluding, as applicable, acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on securities sold short, extraordinary expenses and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the fund's business. These arrangements cannot be terminated prior to March 1, 2025 without the Board of Trustees' consent. TAM is permitted to recapture amounts waived and/or reimbursed to a class during any of the 36 months from the date on which TAM waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses for the class if the class' total annual fund operating expenses have fallen to a level below the limits described above. In no case will TAM recapture any amount that would result, on any particular business day of the fund, in the class' total annual operating expenses exceeding the applicable limits described above or any other lower limit then in effect.

**Example:** This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects applicable waivers and/or reimbursements for the duration of such arrangement(s). Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **1 year** | **3 years** |
| Class I2 | $56  | $329 |

---

**Portfolio Turnover:** The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher

transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the fund's performance. Portfolio turnover rate is not included because the fund did not commence operations until the date of this prospectus.

**Principal Investment Strategies:** The fund's sub-adviser, Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. (the "sub-adviser"), invests primarily in equity securities, principally common and preferred stocks of U.S. large capitalization companies which, in the sub-adviser's view, exhibit potential for growth and have favorable Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") characteristics. Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amounts of borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in securities of U.S. large cap companies that have been assigned a "Strong" ESG rating by the sub-adviser. The fund considers large cap companies to be those with a market cap within the market-cap range of the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index at the initial time of purchase in the fund. As of December 31, 2022, the market cap range of the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index was between $[ ] and $[ ].

The sub-adviser combines fundamental research with independent ESG research in an effort to identify reasonably priced stocks of companies with accelerating or underappreciated earnings potential and favorable ESG characteristics. The fund utilizes an active, fundamental, bottom-up approach to investing in domestic equity securities. The sub-adviser enhances its fundamental research by using sustainability analysis to assign an ESG rating to potential investments as described below.

From a fundamental research perspective, the sub-adviser uses an in-depth due diligence process to identify companies that it believes possess the following characteristics:

• Sustainable business model

• Durable competitive advantage

• Underappreciated earnings growth

• Asymmetrical risk/reward

• Compelling valuation

• Strong balance sheets

• Superior company management

The sub-adviser uses a due diligence process to critically assess each investment opportunity from an ESG perspective. This proprietary ESG research process generally includes interviews with key management team contacts, reviews of material sustainability metrics from public filings and third-party data, and additional independent research.

The sub-adviser's analysis of a company's ESG profile focuses on materiality of ESG factors to the company and expected impact on shareholder value, varies by sector, and is specific to each company. Environmental factors considered may include climate change and energy transition, social factors considered may include human capital management and data security practices, and governance factors considered may include ESG oversight and executive

------

and board compensation. The output of the sub-adviser's proprietary ESG research process is a report that includes a standardized evaluation ("ESG Rating") of "Strong," "Neutral," or "Weak" for each company. The sub-adviser's analytical framework evaluates companies across the following three ESG pillars:

• Product or Service Impact (What a company makes),

• Operating Environmental & Social Practices (How a company makes their products)

• Governance & Risks (How a company manages risks in making the product)

The sub-adviser's ESG evaluation accounts for how a business compares on each pillar relative to its industry peers, the market cap size of the company, and the sub-adviser's views of both the company's current status as well as its improvement over time.

Securities are eligible for investment by the fund if approved by the sub-adviser's Investment Committee from a fundamental research standpoint. Next, only those companies that have been assigned a "Strong" ESG Rating by the sub-adviser are eligible for inclusion in the fund. Securities that are rated "Neutral" or "Weak" by this process are not eligible for inclusion in the fund. The sub-adviser constructs the fund's portfolio taking into consideration each company's ESG Rating, business quality, growth outlook, valuation, and analyst conviction. Additional considerations by the sub-adviser include existing exposures, thematic overlap, and macro environment.

The fund will typically consist of approximately 35 to 50 equity securities. Generally, no equity position will exceed the greater of either five percent of the fund or two percent more than the security's weight in the fund's benchmark, the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index, both valued at market. Non-U.S. stocks, including American Depository Receipts (ADRs), are limited to 15% of the fund's net assets. The fund is a non-diversified fund, meaning that a larger percentage of its assets may be invested in fewer issuers.

The sub-adviser generally employs a fully invested strategy. Therefore, under normal market conditions, cash and cash equivalents will generally be less than 10% of the fund's net assets.

All investments by the fund, with the exception of cash and cash equivalents, are subject to the sub-adviser's sustainability analysis.

<sup>1</sup> "Russell<sup>®</sup>" and other service marks and trademarks related to the Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies.

**Principal Risks:** Risk is inherent in all investing. Many factors and risks affect the fund's performance, including those described below. The value of your investment in the fund, as well as the amount of return you receive on your investment, may fluctuate significantly day to day and over time. You may lose part or all of your investment in the fund or your investment may not perform as well as other similar investments. The following is a summary description of principal risks (in alphabetical order after certain key risks) of investing in the fund. An investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. **You may lose money if you invest in this fund.**

**Market** – The market prices of the fund's securities or other assets may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions, overall economic trends or events,

inflation, changes in interest rates, governmental actions or interventions, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by tariffs, trade disputes or other factors, political developments, armed conflicts, economic sanctions, cybersecurity events, investor sentiment, public health events such as the spread of infectious disease, and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. If the market prices of the fund's securities and assets fall, the value of your investment in the fund could go down.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Events or circumstances in one or more countries or regions could be highly disruptive to, and have profound impacts on, global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not the fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the fund's investments may go down.

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic, the large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the rise of inflation have resulted in extreme volatility in the global economy and in global financial markets. These events could be prolonged and could continue to adversely affect the value and liquidity of the fund's investments, impair the fund's ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the fund's performance.

**Equity Securities** – Equity securities generally have greater risk of loss than debt securities. Stock markets are volatile and the value of equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of equity securities fluctuates based on real or perceived changes in a company's financial condition, factors affecting a particular industry or industries, and overall market, economic and political conditions. If the market prices of the equity securities owned by the fund fall, the value of your investment in the fund will decline. The fund may lose its entire investment in the equity securities of an issuer. A change in financial condition or other event affecting a single issuer may adversely impact securities markets as a whole.

**Growth Stocks** – Returns on growth stocks may not move in tandem with returns on other categories of stocks or the market as a whole. Growth stocks typically are particularly sensitive to market movements and may involve larger price swings because their market prices tend to reflect future expectations. When it appears those expectations may not be met, the prices of growth stocks typically fall. Growth stocks may also be more volatile because they often do not pay dividends. The values of growth stocks tend to go down when interest rates rise because the rise in interest rates reduces the current value of future cash flows. Growth stocks as a group may be out of favor and underperform the overall equity market for a long period of time, for example, while the market favors "value" stocks.

**Sustainability Investing –** Applying the sub-adviser's sustainability assessment framework to its investment analysis for the fund may impact the sub-adviser's investment decisions as to securities of certain issuers and, therefore, the fund may forgo some investment opportunities available to funds that do not apply sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. Applying sustainability criteria may impact the fund's exposure to risks associated with certain issuers, industries and

------

sectors, which may impact the fund's investment performance. Securities of companies meeting the sub-adviser's sustainability criteria may shift into and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions, and the fund's performance may at times be better or worse than the performance of similar funds that do not utilize sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. "Sustainability" is not a uniformly defined characteristic and applying sustainability criteria involves subjective assessment. The fund's investments may include securities of issuers that derive revenue from non-sustainable activities. Sustainability information from third party data providers may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable, which could lead to an incorrect assessment of a company's sustainability characteristics.

**Focused Investing –** To the extent the fund invests in a limited number of countries, regions, sectors, industries or market segments, in a limited number of issuers, or in issuers in related businesses or that are subject to related operating risks, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those countries, regions, sectors, industries, segments or issuers, and the value of its shares may be more volatile than if it invested more widely.

**Non-Diversification –** As a "non-diversified" fund, the fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. Investing in a smaller number of issuers will make the fund more susceptible to negative events affecting those issuers.

**Valuation** – The sales price the fund could receive for any particular portfolio investment may differ from the fund's valuation of the investment, particularly for securities that trade in thin or volatile markets, that are priced based upon valuations provided by third party pricing services that use matrix or evaluated pricing systems, or that are valued using a fair value methodology. These differences may increase significantly and affect fund investments more broadly during periods of market volatility. Investors who purchase or redeem fund shares on days when the fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive fewer or more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the fund had not fair-valued securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The fund's ability to value its investments may also be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgment, which may prove to be incorrect.

**Management** – The value of your investment may go down if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's judgments and decisions are incorrect or otherwise do not produce the desired results, or if the investment strategy does not work as intended. You may also suffer losses if there are imperfections, errors or limitations in the quantitative, analytic or other tools, resources, information and data used, investment techniques applied, or the analyses employed or relied on, by the investment manager or sub-adviser, if such tools, resources, information or data are used incorrectly or otherwise do not work as intended, or if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's investment style is out of favor or otherwise fails to produce the desired results. Any of these things could cause the fund to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

**Active Trading** – The fund may purchase and sell securities without regard to the length of time held. Active trading may be more pronounced during periods of market volatility, may have a negative impact on performance and may generate greater amounts of short-term capital gains.

**Currency** – The value of a fund's investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers may also be affected by currency risk. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could reduce or eliminate investment gains or add to investment losses. A fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure or any hedge may not be effective.

**Depositary Receipts** – Depositary receipts are generally subject to the same risks as are the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted, and they may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. In addition, depositary receipts expose the fund to risk associated with the non-uniform terms that apply to depositary receipt programs, credit exposure to the depositary bank and to the sponsors and other parties with whom the depositary bank establishes the programs. Holders of depositary receipts may have limited voting rights, and investment restrictions in certain countries may adversely impact the value of depositary receipts because such restrictions may limit the ability to convert equity shares into depositary receipts and vice versa.

**Foreign Investments** – Investing in securities of foreign issuers or issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets involves additional risks. Foreign markets can be less liquid, less regulated, less transparent and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of the fund's foreign investments may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, because of factors affecting the particular issuer as well as foreign markets and issuers generally, such as unfavorable government actions, including nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, reduction of government or central bank support, tariffs and trade disruptions, sanctions, political or financial instability, social unrest or other adverse economic or political developments. Foreign investments may also be subject to different accounting practices and different regulatory, legal, auditing, financial reporting and recordkeeping standards and practices, and may be more difficult to value than investments in U.S. issuers. Certain foreign clearance and settlement procedures may result in an inability to execute transactions or delays in settlement.

**Large Capitalization Companies –** The fund's investments in larger, more established companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion.

**Large Shareholder –** A significant portion of the fund's shares may be owned by other funds sponsored by Transamerica. Transactions by these funds may be disruptive to the management of the fund. For example, the fund may experience large redemptions and could be required to sell securities at a time when it may not otherwise desire to do so. Such transactions may increase the fund's brokerage and/or other transaction costs. These transactions

------

may also accelerate the realization of taxable income to shareholders if such sales of investments resulted in gains. In addition, sizeable redemptions could cause the fund's total expenses to increase.

**Liquidity** – The fund may make investments that are illiquid or that become illiquid after purchase. Illiquid investments can be difficult to value, may trade at a discount from comparable, more liquid investments, and may be subject to wide fluctuations in value. Liquidity risk may be magnified in rising interest rate environments. If the fund is forced to sell an illiquid investment to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may be forced to sell at a substantial loss or may not be able to sell at all. Liquidity of particular investments, or even entire asset classes, including U.S. Treasury securities, can deteriorate rapidly, particularly during times of market turmoil, and those investments may be difficult or impossible for the fund to sell. This may prevent the fund from limiting losses.

**Small and Medium Capitalization Companies –** The fund will be exposed to additional risks as a result of its investments in the securities of small or medium capitalization companies. Small or medium capitalization companies may be more at risk than large capitalization companies because, among other things, they may have limited product lines, operating history, market or financial resources, or because they may depend on a limited management group. Securities of small and medium capitalization companies may be more volatile than and may underperform large capitalization companies, may be harder to sell at times and at prices the portfolio managers believe appropriate and may offer greater potential for losses.

**Performance:** No performance is shown for the fund. Performance information will appear in a future version of this prospectus once the fund has a full calendar year of performance information to report to investors.

The fund's benchmark is the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Total Return Index<sup>1</sup>.

Absent any applicable fee waivers and/or expense limitations, performance would be lower.

As with all mutual funds, past performance (before and after taxes) is not a prediction of future results. Updated performance information is available on our website at www.transamerica.com/investments-fund-center or by calling 1-888-233-4339.

<sup>1</sup>

"Russell<sup>®</sup>" and other service marks and trademarks related to the Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies.

**Management:** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.<br> *Portfolio Managers:* | *Investment Manager:* Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. <br> *Sub-Adviser:* Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.<br> *Portfolio Managers:* |
| Paul D. McHugh, CFA | Lead Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |
| William R. Gilchrist | Co-Portfolio Manager | since March 2023 |

---

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares:** Class I2 shares of the fund are currently primarily offered for investment by certain funds of funds (also referred to as "strategic asset allocation funds"). Class I2 shares of the fund are also made available to other investors, including institutional investors such as foreign insurers, domestic insurance companies and their separate accounts, and unaffiliated

funds, high net worth individuals, and eligible retirement plans whose recordkeepers or financial service firm intermediaries have entered into agreements with Transamerica Funds or its agents. Investors who received Class I2 shares in connection with the reorganization of a Transamerica Premier Fund into a Transamerica Fund may continue to invest in Class I2 shares of that Transamerica Fund, but may not open new accounts. You buy and redeem shares at the fund's next-determined net asset value ("NAV") after receipt of your request in good order. There is no investment minimum for investments in Class I2 shares of the fund.

**Tax Information:** Fund distributions may be taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains, except when your investment is in an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged investment plan. In that case, you may be taxed when you take a distribution from such plan, depending on the type of plan, the circumstances of your distribution and other factors.

**Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries:** If you purchase the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary, the fund and/or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

------

**More on Each Fund's Strategies and Investments**

The following provides additional information regarding each fund's strategies and investments described at the front of this prospectus. Except as otherwise expressly stated for a particular fund in this prospectus or in the statement of additional information or as required by law, there is no limit on the amount of each fund's assets that may be invested in a particular type of security or investment. Each fund's investment objective may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval.

**Transamerica International Sustainable Equity**: Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in common stock of companies in foreign developed and emerging markets (including frontier market countries), that the fund's sub-adviser, Calamos Advisors LLC (the "sub-adviser"), believes have above average growth potential and meet the sub-adviser's sustainability criteria. The fund will generally be invested in a minimum of five (5) countries outside the U.S.

The fund considers foreign (non-U.S.) companies to be those companies that either maintain their principal place of business outside of the United States, have their securities principally traded on non-U.S. exchanges or were formed under the laws of non-U.S. countries. Foreign companies may include companies doing business in the U.S. but meet the fund's general criteria of a foreign company described above. Emerging markets are markets of countries in the initial stages of industrialization and generally have low per capita income. Certain emerging markets are sometimes referred to as "frontier markets." Frontier markets are the least advanced capital markets in the developing world. Frontier markets are countries with investable stock markets that are less established than those in the emerging markets. To determine if a country is an emerging market or frontier market country, the sub-adviser will use the classification provided by MSCI, Inc. Foreign securities include American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") or securities guaranteed by a U.S. person but which represent underlying shares of foreign issuers, and may include foreign securities in the form of European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other securities representing underlying shares of foreign issuers.

The sub-adviser's stock selection process incorporates the sub-adviser's belief that companies able to sustain success over the long term share certain defining characteristics. The sub-adviser has found that these characteristics apply whether the company is an established global market leader or a smaller regional player with a new or better product. The sub-adviser believes that valuation is also an important aspect of stock selection and analyzes a company's stock price relative to its history, the market, and its peers in an effort to avoid overpaying for, what the sub-adviser considers to be, an excellent company. In its stock selection process, the sub-adviser screens out companies with $2 billion or less in market caps and less than $1 million in average daily trading volume.

The sub-adviser utilizes a proprietary environmental, social and governance ("ESG") rating system, considering both quantitative and qualitative factors, to identify what it considers to be responsible, engaged companies (companies that demonstrate awareness and action surrounding the material ESG issues facing their businesses and industries). The sub-adviser believes that a company's understanding of ESG principles demonstrates the qualities of innovation and leadership that create a distinct competitive advantage and build long-term value. The sub-adviser considers a company's position on various factors such as ecological limits, environmental stewardship, environmental strategies, stance on human rights and equality, societal impact as well as its corporate governance practices. The sub-adviser conducts fundamental research to find issuers it views as having attractive ESG and financial attributes. In conducting fundamental research, the sub-adviser combines traditional investment information with its proprietary three-pronged ESG process to identify investments which it believes promote certain environmental, social, and governance characteristics. The sub-adviser believes that its ESG process creates a full picture of how an issuer behaves commercially and how it deals with existing and emerging ESG risks and opportunities. The three-pronged ESG process consists of: 1) exclusionary screens; 2) materiality assessments; and 3) ESG impact scoring. The sub-adviser utilizes a range of data sources as part of its proprietary ESG ratings system. These data sources may include, but are not limited to: corporate disclosures, third-party research providers (e.g., MSCI ESG, Bloomberg, etc.), non-governmental organizations and non-profits (e.g., Greenpeace, Friends of Earth, etc.), academic publications, news services and memberships. The sub-adviser does not solely rely on the ESG ratings of any third-party research providers.

The sub-adviser's philosophy and process results in certain industries and business activities that are viewed as too environmentally risky or present social outcomes that are too unattractive to warrant investment consideration and are avoided through exclusionary screens. Those industries and businesses are: agricultural biotechnology, alcohol, animal testing, fossil fuels, gambling, metals/mining, nuclear energy, tobacco, and weapons. The sub-adviser will generally exclude a company from investment consideration to the extent the company derives more than 5% of its revenue or profits from such an industry or business activity. Regarding animal testing, the sub-adviser evaluates companies involved in animal testing on a case-by-case basis depending on purpose and methods.

The sub-adviser then applies third-party materiality mapping tools combined with its own insights and emphasis on ESG leadership to identify and analyze, what the sub-adviser believes to be, the key ESG risks and opportunities for a particular industry.

Overlaying these top-down and bottom-up approaches, the sub-adviser then utilizes a proprietary ESG scoring system, which considers both quantitative and qualitative factors to assign scores to potential fund investments. The sub-adviser's scoring system considers the sub-adviser's view of an issuer's position in respect of various ESG characteristics, including product contribution to a sustainable economy; product lifecycle innovation; operational efficiencies; inclusive finance; ensuring health and providing basic

------

services; as well as an issuer's corporate governance practices. Companies are scored by the sub-adviser on ESG characteristics in the following categories: product innovation, life-cycle analysis and design (i.e., sustainable procurement, packaging and end of life), operational efficiencies (carbon, energy, waste and water strategies), leadership and employee engagement, ESG disclosures, and human development and contribution (i.e., ensuring health, inclusive finance and providing basic services). A company must earn a score higher than 3 (on a 1-5 scale) in one of the identified categories to be considered by the sub-adviser for inclusion in the fund. All potential fund investments are assigned an ESG score and companies with an ESG score of 3 or lower are not eligible for investment by the fund.

The sub-adviser may sell stocks for several reasons, including when the stock no longer meets its ESG criteria, when the security declines in value, when the sub-adviser believes it is overvalued, or when it no longer reflects the investment thesis defined by the sub-adviser.

The fund generally seeks diversification by country and economic sector. The fund invests primarily in common stocks, ADRs, EDRs and GDRs.

The fund's sub-adviser will not typically utilize derivatives except for purchasing futures for cash equitization purposes or purchasing market access products to seek to achieve efficient investment exposure (e.g., instances where local markets may not be available for trading). The fund may also invest in exchange-traded funds for these purposes.

The fund may invest in China A-shares (equity securities of Chinese companies) listed and traded on Chinese stock exchanges such as the Shanghai Stock Exchange or the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

The fund may invest its assets in cash, cash equivalent securities or short-term debt securities, repurchase agreements and money market instruments. Under adverse or unstable market, economic or political conditions, the fund may take temporary defensive positions in cash and short-term debt securities without limit. Although the fund would do this only in seeking to avoid losses, the fund may be unable to pursue its investment objective during that time, and it could reduce the benefit from any upswing in the market. To the extent that the fund has any uninvested cash, the fund would also be subject to risk with respect to the depository institution holding the cash.

**Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity:** The fund's sub-adviser, Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. (the "sub-adviser"), invests primarily in equity securities, principally common and preferred stocks of U.S. large capitalization companies which, in the sub-adviser's view, exhibit potential for growth and have favorable Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG") characteristics. Under normal market conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amounts of borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in securities of U.S. large cap companies that have been assigned a "Strong" ESG rating by the sub-adviser. The fund considers large cap companies to be those with a market cap within the market-cap range of the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index at the initial time of purchase in the fund. As of December 31, 2022, the market cap range of the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index was between $[ ] and $[ ].

The sub-adviser combines fundamental research with independent ESG research in an effort to identify reasonably priced stocks of companies with accelerating or underappreciated earnings potential and favorable ESG characteristics. The fund utilizes an active, fundamental, bottom-up approach to investing in domestic equity securities. The sub-adviser enhances its fundamental research by using sustainability analysis to assign an ESG rating to potential investments as described below.

From a fundamental research perspective, the sub-adviser uses an in-depth due diligence process to identify companies that it believes possess the following characteristics:

• Sustainable business model

• Durable competitive advantage

• Underappreciated earnings growth

• Asymmetrical risk/reward

• Compelling valuation

• Strong balance sheets

• Superior company management

The sub-adviser uses a due diligence process to critically assess each investment opportunity from an ESG perspective. This proprietary ESG research process generally includes interviews with key management team contacts, reviews of material sustainability metrics from public filings and third-party data, and additional independent research.

The sub-adviser's analysis of a company's ESG profile focuses on materiality of ESG factors to the company and expected impact on shareholder value, varies by sector, and is specific to each company. Environmental factors considered may include climate change and energy transition, social factors considered may include human capital management and data security practices, and governance factors considered may include ESG oversight and executive and board compensation. The output of the sub-adviser's proprietary ESG research process is a report that includes a standardized evaluation ("ESG Rating") of "Strong," "Neutral," or "Weak" for each company. The sub-adviser's analytical framework evaluates companies across the following three ESG pillars:

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Product or Service Impact (What a company makes),

• Operating Environmental & Social Practices (How a company makes their products)

• Governance & Risks (How a company manages risks in making the product)

The sub-adviser's ESG evaluation accounts for how a business compares on each pillar relative to its industry peers, the market cap size of the company, and the sub-adviser's views of both the company's current status as well as its improvement over time.

Securities are eligible for investment by the fund if approved by the sub-adviser's Investment Committee from a fundamental research standpoint. Next, only those companies that have been assigned a "Strong" ESG Rating by the sub-adviser are eligible for inclusion in the fund. Securities that are rated "Neutral" or "Weak" by this process are not eligible for inclusion in the fund. The sub-adviser constructs the fund's portfolio taking into consideration each company's ESG Rating, business quality, growth outlook, valuation, and analyst conviction. Additional considerations by the sub-adviser include existing exposures, thematic overlap, and macro environment.

The fund will typically consist of approximately 35 to 50 equity securities. Generally, no equity position will exceed the greater of either five percent of the fund or two percent more than the security's weight in the fund's benchmark, the Russell 1000<sup>®</sup> Growth Index, both valued at market. Non-U.S. stocks, including American Depository Receipts (ADRs), are limited to 15% of the fund's net assets. The fund is a non-diversified fund, meaning that a larger percentage of its assets may be invested in fewer issuers.

The sub-adviser may sell a holding if the sub-adviser believes the company's fundamentals or sustainability profile have deteriorated. The sub-adviser may also sell a holding to enable the purchase of what the sub-adviser determines to be a better opportunity or when a holding has reached the sub-adviser's price target.

The sub-adviser generally employs a fully invested strategy. Therefore, under normal market conditions, cash and cash equivalents will generally be less than 10% of the fund's net assets.

All investments by the fund, with the exception of cash and cash equivalents, are subject to the sub-adviser's sustainability analysis.

The fund may invest its assets in cash, cash equivalent securities or short-term debt securities, repurchase agreements and money market instruments. Under adverse or unstable market, economic or political conditions, the fund may take temporary defensive positions in cash and short-term debt securities without limit. Although the fund would do this only in seeking to avoid losses, the fund may be unable to pursue its investment objective during that time, and it could reduce the benefit from any upswing in the market. To the extent that the fund has any uninvested cash, the fund would also be subject to risk with respect to the depository institution holding the cash.

**More on Risks of Investing in the Funds**

The value of your investment in a fund changes with the values of that fund's investments. Many factors and risks can affect those values, including the risks described below. There is no guarantee that a fund will be able to achieve its investment objective. It is possible to lose money by investing in a fund.

Some of the risks of investing in the funds, including the principal risks of the funds, are discussed below. Each fund may be subject to factors and risks other than those identified in this prospectus, and these other factors and risks could adversely affect the fund's investment results. More information about risks appears in the Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"). Before investing, you should carefully consider the risks that you will assume.

**Absence of Regulation:** A fund may engage in over-the-counter ("OTC") transactions, which trade in a dealer network, rather than on an exchange. In general, there is less governmental regulation and supervision of transactions in the OTC markets than of transactions entered into on organized exchanges. Transactions in the OTC markets also are subject to the credit risk of the counterparty.

**Active Trading:** Certain funds may purchase and sell securities without regard to the length of time held. Active trading may have a negative impact on performance and may generate greater amounts of short-term capital gains, which, for shareholders holding shares in taxable accounts, would generally be subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates upon distribution. During periods of market volatility, active trading may be more pronounced.

**Cash Management and Defensive Investing:** The value of investments held by a fund for cash management or defensive investing purposes can fluctuate. Like other fixed-income securities, cash and cash equivalent securities are subject to risk, including market, interest rate and credit risk. If a fund holds cash uninvested, the fund will be subject to the credit risk of the depository institution holding the cash, it will not earn income on the cash and the fund's yield will go down. If a significant amount of a fund's assets are used for cash management or defensive investing purposes, it may not achieve its investment objective.

**China A–Shares:** Certain funds may invest in equity securities of certain Chinese companies, referred to as China A-shares, through the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect program or the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect program (collectively, the "Programs"). The Programs are securities trading and clearing linked programs between either Shanghai Stock Exchange or Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited, and China Securities

------

Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited, with an aim to achieve mutual stock market access between the People's Republic of China ("PRC" or "China") and Hong Kong. The Programs are subject to daily quota limitations, which may restrict a fund's ability to invest in China A-shares through the Programs and to enter into or exit trades on a timely basis. The Shanghai and Shenzhen markets may be open at a time when the Programs are not trading, with the result that prices of China A-shares may fluctuate at times when a fund is unable to add to or exit its position. Only certain China A-shares are eligible to be accessed through the Programs. Such securities may lose their eligibility at any time, in which case they could be sold but could no longer be purchased through the Programs. Because the Programs are in their early stages, the actual effect on the market for trading China A-shares with the introduction of large numbers of foreign investors is currently unknown. The Programs are subject to regulations promulgated by regulatory authorities for the Shanghai Stock Exchange, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and existing and additional regulations or restrictions, such as limitations on redemptions, suspension of trading and limitations on profits, may adversely impact the Programs and/or a fund's investments through the Programs. There is no guarantee that applicable exchanges will continue to support the Programs in the future.

Investments in China A-shares are subject to risks specific to the China market. Any significant change in mainland China's political, social or economic policies may have a negative impact on investments in the China market. The regulatory and legal framework for capital markets in mainland China may not be as well developed as those of developed countries. Chinese accounting standards and practices may deviate significantly from international accounting standards. The settlement and clearing systems of the Chinese securities markets may not be well tested and may be subject to increased risks of error or inefficiency.

If a fund was considered to be a tax resident of China, it would be subject to Chinese corporate income tax at the rate of 25% on its worldwide taxable income. If a fund was considered to be a non-resident enterprise with a "permanent establishment" in China, it would be subject to Chinese corporate income tax of 25% on the profits attributable to the permanent establishment.

A fund's investments in securities, including China A-shares, issued by Chinese companies may cause a fund to become subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by China tax authorities. China generally imposes withholding income tax at a rate of 10% on dividends, premiums, interest and capital gains originating in China and paid to a company that is not a resident of China for tax purposes and that has no permanent establishment in China. Currently, the capital gain from disposal of China A-shares by foreign investors via the Programs is temporarily exempt from withholding income tax, but the dividends derived from China A-shares by foreign investors is subject to a 10% withholding income tax. There is no indication of how long the temporary exemption will remain in effect and a fund may be subject to such withholding income tax in the future.

Stamp duty under the PRC laws generally applies to the execution and receipt of taxable documents, which include contracts for the sale of China A-shares traded on PRC stock exchanges. In the case of such contracts, the stamp duty is currently imposed on the seller but not on the purchaser, at the rate of 0.1%. The sale or other transfer by a fund's sub-adviser of China A-shares will accordingly be subject to PRC stamp duty, but a fund will not be subject to PRC stamp duty when it acquires China A-shares.

A fund may also potentially be subject to PRC value added tax at the rate of 6% on capital gains derived from trading of China A-shares and interest income (if any). Existing guidance provides a temporary value added tax exemption for Hong Kong and overseas investors in respect of their gains derived from trading of PRC securities through the Programs. Since there is no indication how long the temporary exemption will remain in effect, a fund may be subject to such value added tax in the future. In addition, urban maintenance and construction tax (currently at rates ranging from 1% to 7%), educational surcharge (currently at the rate of 3%) and local educational surcharge (currently at the rate of 2%) (collectively, the "surtaxes") are imposed based on value added tax liabilities, so if a fund were liable for value added tax it would also be required to pay the applicable surtaxes.

Uncertainties in China tax rules governing taxation of income and gains from investments in China A-shares via the Programs could result in unexpected tax liabilities for a fund and therefore could affect the amount of income which may be derived, and the amount of capital returned, from the investments in China A-shares by a fund.

In the event that the depository of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange defaulted, a fund may not be able to recover fully its losses from the depository or may be delayed in receiving proceeds as part of any recovery process. In addition, because all trades on the Programs in respect of eligible China A-shares must be settled in Renminbi (RMB), the Chinese currency, funds investing through the Programs must have timely access to a reliable supply of offshore RMB, which cannot be guaranteed.

The Programs are novel in nature and are subject to regulations promulgated by regulatory authorities and implementation rules made by the stock exchanges in China and Hong Kong. The regulations are untested so far and there is no certainty as to how they will be applied. China A-shares purchased through the Programs are held in nominee name and not a fund's name as the beneficial owner. It is possible, therefore, that a fund's ability to exercise its rights as a shareholder and to pursue claims against the issuer of China A-shares may be limited because the nominee structure has not been tested in Chinese courts. In addition, a fund may not be able to participate in corporate actions affecting China A-shares held through the Programs due to time constraints or for other operational reasons.

Trades on the Programs are subject to certain requirements prior to trading. If these requirements are not completed prior to the market opening, a fund cannot sell the shares on that trading day. In addition, these requirements may limit the number of brokers that a fund may use to execute trades. If an investor holds 5% or more of the total shares issued by a China A-share issuer, the investor must return

------

any profits obtained from the purchase and sale of those shares if both transactions occur within a six-month period. If a fund holds 5% or more of the total shares of a China A-share issuer through its Program investments, its profits may be subject to these limitations. It is not expressly provided in China law whether all accounts managed by TAM and/or its affiliates will be aggregated for purposes of this 5% limitation. If that is the case, it makes it more likely that a fund's profits may be subject to these limitations.

**Conflicts of Interest:** Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM") and its affiliates, directors, officers, employees and personnel (collectively, for purposes of this risk, "Transamerica") are engaged in a variety of businesses and have interests other than those related to managing the funds. Transamerica is a diversified global financial services company with many lines of business providing a wide range of financial services to a sizeable and diversified client base. The broad range of activities and interests of Transamerica gives rise to actual, potential and perceived conflicts of interest that could affect the funds and their shareholders.

Certain actual and potential conflicts of interest are described below. A further discussion of conflicts of interest appears in the SAI. These discussions are not, and are not intended to be, a complete enumeration or description of all the actual and potential conflicts that Transamerica has now or may have in the future. Other conflicts may arise from time to time.

TAM and the funds have adopted practices, policies and procedures that are intended to identify, manage and, where possible, mitigate conflicts of interest. There is no assurance, however, that these practices, policies and procedures will be effective, and these practices, policies and procedures may limit or restrict the funds' investment activities and adversely affect their performance.

*Activities on Behalf of Other Funds and Accounts.* Transamerica manages or advises other funds and products in addition to the funds, including Transamerica's own accounts and accounts in which Transamerica or its personnel have an interest. Certain other funds and products have investment objectives similar to, the same as or opposite to those of the funds and/or engage in transactions in the same types of securities or other instruments, sectors or strategies as the funds. Such transactions could affect the prices and availability of the securities and instruments in which a fund invests, and could have an adverse impact on the fund's performance. These other accounts and products may buy or sell positions while the funds are undertaking the same or a differing, including potentially opposite, strategy, which could disadvantage the funds. A position taken by Transamerica, on behalf of one or more other funds or products, may be contrary to a position taken on behalf of a fund or may be adverse to a company or issuer in which the fund has invested. A fund on the one hand, and Transamerica or other funds or products, on the other hand, may vote differently on matters affecting, or take or refrain from taking different actions with respect to, the same security, which are disadvantageous to the fund. The results of the investment activities of a fund may differ significantly from the results achieved for other funds or products. Transamerica may receive more compensation, including a performance allocation, with respect to certain other funds or products than is received with respect to a fund.

*Selection of Service Providers.* TAM and certain of its affiliates provide services including investment management, administration, sub-advisory, shareholder servicing, distribution, and transfer agency services to the funds and earn fees from these relationships with the funds. TAM and its affiliates face conflicts of interest when the funds select affiliated service providers because TAM and/or its affiliates receive greater compensation when they are used. The funds expect to engage unaffiliated service providers that in certain cases also provide services to Transamerica or other funds or products or that hire Transamerica to provide services to the service providers' clients. These service providers may have business, financial or other relationships with Transamerica, which may influence TAM's recommendation of these service providers for the funds.

*Sales Incentives and Relationships.* Transamerica and other financial service providers have conflicts associated with their promotion of the funds or other dealings with the funds that would create incentives for them to promote the funds. Transamerica will benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. Transamerica and its personnel have relationships (both involving and not involving the funds) with distributors, consultants and others who sell or recommend the funds or other funds or products, and such parties may receive compensation from Transamerica or the funds or Other Accounts in connection with such relationships. Transamerica and/or the funds' sub-advisers or their affiliates, make revenue sharing payments to brokers and other financial intermediaries to promote the distribution of the funds. Transamerica also receives revenue sharing and/or 12b-1 payments from certain of the funds' sub-advisers or their affiliates. These payments present certain conflicts of interest and provide a disincentive for TAM to recommend the termination of such sub-advisers.

*Transamerica Insurance Companies.* The performance of certain funds impacts Transamerica's financial exposure under guarantees that the Transamerica insurance companies provide as issuers of certain variable insurance contracts. TAM's investment decisions and the design of the applicable funds may be influenced by these factors. Certain non-public portfolio holdings and certain analytical information and algorithm and trade data concerning certain funds is disclosed to the Transamerica insurance companies solely to allow them to hedge their obligations under the variable insurance contracts. This information may only be provided in accordance with procedures approved by the funds' Board of Trustees governing the sharing of such information.

*Transamerica Asset Allocation Fund Allocations.* TAM serves as investment manager to and is responsible for all aspects of the day-to-day investment advice and management of certain funds of funds that invest in underlying Transamerica funds and is subject to conflicts of interest in allocating the funds of funds' assets among the underlying funds. For certain other funds of funds, TAM has hired a sub-adviser and benefits when the sub-adviser allocates the fund of funds' assets to a Transamerica fund. TAM has established

------

an investment program for certain funds of funds whereby all or a substantial portion of the fund of funds' assets are invested in underlying Transamerica funds. This means that TAM or the fund of funds' sub-adviser does not, nor does it expect to, consider unaffiliated funds as underlying investment options for the fund of funds, even if unaffiliated funds have better investment performance or lower total expenses. TAM and its affiliates will receive more revenue when TAM or a sub-adviser selects a Transamerica fund rather than an unaffiliated fund for inclusion in a fund of funds and could result in the selection of funds with relatively lower historical investment results. TAM has an incentive for the funds of funds' assets to be allocated to those underlying funds for which the net management fees payable to TAM are higher than the fees payable by other underlying funds or to those underlying funds for which an affiliate of TAM serves as the sub-adviser. TAM also has an incentive for a fund of funds' assets to be allocated to subscale underlying Transamerica funds to provide scale and reduce amounts waived and/or reimbursed by TAM to maintain applicable expense caps. Sub-advisers to certain funds of funds also have conflicts of interest in allocating the funds of funds' assets among underlying funds. TAM Compliance monitors allocation changes by the funds of funds.

*Fund Structuring and Changes.* TAM may have a financial incentive to implement or not to implement certain changes to the funds. For example, TAM may, from time to time, recommend a change in sub-adviser or the combination of two or more funds. Transamerica will benefit to the extent that an affiliated sub-adviser replaces an unaffiliated sub-adviser or additional assets are combined into a fund having a higher net management fee payable to TAM and/or that is sub-advised by an affiliate of TAM. TAM will also benefit to the extent that it replaces a sub-adviser with a new sub-adviser with a lower sub-advisory fee.

*Aggregation of Assets.* The aggregation of assets of multiple funds and/or other funds or products for purposes of calculating breakpoints or discounts in sub-advisory fees based on the level of assets allocated to a sub-adviser across funds or otherwise, as applicable, give rise to actual, potential and/or perceived conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the funds and their shareholders.

*Valuation of Investments.* TAM has been designated as the funds' valuation designee with responsibility for fair valuation subject to oversight by the funds' Board of Trustees. TAM's service as valuation designee is expressly permitted by applicable regulations. TAM performs such valuation services in accordance with valuation policies and procedures of the funds and TAM. TAM may value an identical asset differently than a Transamerica affiliate. This is particularly the case in respect of difficult-to-value assets. TAM faces a conflict with respect to valuations generally because of their effect on TAM's fees and other compensation. Valuation decisions by TAM may also result in improved performance of the funds.

*Other Relationships and Benefits.* Transamerica has existing and may have potential future other business dealings or relationships with current or proposed sub-advisers or other fund service providers (or their affiliates) recommended by TAM. Such other business dealings or relationships present conflicts of interest that could influence TAM's selection and retention or termination of sub-advisers or service providers. For example, TAM has an incentive to hire as a sub-adviser or other service provider an entity with which TAM or one or more of its affiliates have, or would like to have, significant or other business dealings or arrangements, and TAM has a disincentive to recommend the termination of such a sub-adviser or service provider when doing so could be adverse to TAM's and/or its affiliates' relationships or other business dealings with such parties.

*Sub-Advisers.* The range of activities, services and interests of a sub-adviser gives rise to actual, potential and/or perceived conflicts of interest that could disadvantage a fund and its shareholders. Such conflicts of interest are in some cases similar to and in other cases different from or supplement those described above relating to Transamerica. For example, a sub-adviser's portfolio managers may manage multiple funds and accounts for multiple clients which gives rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest. A sub-adviser and/or its respective affiliates also may derive ancillary benefits from providing investment sub-advisory services to a fund.

**Currency:** The value of a fund's investments in securities denominated in foreign currencies increases or decreases as the rates of exchange between those currencies and the U.S. dollar change. U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers may also be affected by currency risk, as the revenue earned by issuers of these securities may also be impacted by changes in the issuer's local currency. Currency conversion costs and currency fluctuations could reduce or eliminate investment gains or add to investment losses. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time, and they are affected by factors such as general economic conditions, the actions of the U.S. and foreign governments or central banks, the imposition of currency controls, and speculation. A fund may be positively or negatively affected by government strategies intended to make the U.S. dollar, or other currencies to which the fund has exposure, stronger or weaker. Currency markets generally are not as regulated as securities markets, and currency risk may be particularly high to the extent the fund invests in foreign securities or currencies that are economically tied to emerging market or frontier market countries. A fund may be unable or may choose not to hedge its foreign currency exposure or any hedge may not be effective. Derivatives that provide exposure to foreign currencies are also subject to these risks.

**Cybersecurity and Operations:** A fund, and its service providers and distribution platforms, and your ability to transact with a fund, may be negatively impacted by, among other things, human error, systems and technology disruptions or failures, or cybersecurity incidents. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to fund assets, shareholder data (including private shareholder information), and/or proprietary information, or cause a fund, TAM, a sub-adviser and/or its service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality. A cybersecurity incident or operational issue may disrupt the processing of fund or

------

shareholder transactions, impact a fund's ability to calculate its net asset values, prevent shareholders from redeeming their shares, or result in financial losses to a fund and its shareholders. Issuers of securities in which a fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks, and the value of those securities could decline if the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents or operational issues. In addition, other significant events (e.g., natural disasters or global health emergencies), and measures taken to respond to them and mitigate their effects, could result in disruptions to the services provided to a fund by its service providers.

**Depositary Receipts:** Depositary receipts are generally subject to the same risks as are the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted, and they may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary trading market. In addition, depositary receipts expose the fund to risk associated with the non-uniform terms that apply to depositary receipt programs, credit exposure to the depositary bank and to the sponsors and other parties with whom the depositary bank establishes the programs. Any distributions paid to the holders of depositary receipts are usually subject to a fee charged by the depositary. Holders of depositary receipts may have limited voting rights, and investment restrictions in certain countries may adversely impact the value of depositary receipts because such restrictions may limit the ability to convert equity shares into depositary receipts and vice versa. Such restrictions may cause equity shares of the underlying issuer to trade at a discount or premium to the market price of the depositary receipts.

The issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose information that is, in the United States, considered material. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding those issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts.

**Early Close/Late Close/Trading Halt:** An exchange or market may close early, close late or issue trading halts generally or on specific securities, or the ability to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments may be restricted, which may result in a fund being unable to buy or sell securities or financial instruments. In these circumstances, a fund may be unable to rebalance its portfolio, may be unable to accurately price its investments and/or may incur substantial trading losses.

**Emerging Markets:** Investments in securities of issuers located or doing business in emerging markets bear heightened foreign investments risks and may experience rapid and extreme changes in value. Emerging markets are riskier than more developed markets because they tend to develop unevenly and may never fully develop. Emerging market countries typically have less developed and less stable economic and political systems and regulatory and accounting standards, potentially making it difficult to evaluate issuers. For example, the economies of such countries can be subject to rapid and unpredictable rates of inflation or deflation, and may be based on only a few industries. Such countries typically have fewer medical and economic resources than more developed countries, and thus they may be less able to control or mitigate the effects of a public health emergency or natural disaster. Certain emerging markets may also face other significant internal or external risks, including the risk of war or terrorism, and ethnic, religious or racial conflicts. Emerging market countries may have policies that restrict investment by foreigners or that prevent foreign investors from withdrawing their money at will, and such investors are more likely to experience nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. Such policies may change abruptly. Emerging market securities are often particularly sensitive to market movements because their market prices tend to reflect speculative expectations. Some emerging market countries are especially vulnerable to economic conditions in other countries. Low trading volumes may result in a lack of liquidity and extreme price volatility, which could make security valuations more difficult. Less certainty with respect to security valuations may lead to additional challenges and risks in calculating a fund's net asset value. A fund investing in emerging market countries may be required to establish special custody or other arrangements before investing, and the fund may experience problems or delays with the clearing and settling of trades that are not typically experienced in more developed markets. Investments in emerging markets countries may have restrictions that make it difficult or impossible for a fund to exercise rights, pursue legal remedies, and obtain judgments in foreign courts. Some securities issued by emerging market governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of such governments. Even where a security is backed by the full faith and credit of a government, it may be difficult for a fund to pursue its rights against the government. An investment in emerging market securities should be considered speculative. Investments in emerging markets countries may be subject to political, economic, legal, market and currency risks. The risks may include less protection of property rights and uncertain political and economic policies, greater vulnerability to market manipulation, the imposition of capital controls and/or foreign investment limitations by a country, nationalization of businesses and the imposition of sanctions by other countries, such as the United States.

**Equity Securities:** Equity securities represent an ownership interest, or the right to acquire an ownership interest, in an issuer, and generally have greater risk of loss than debt securities. Equity securities include, among others, common and preferred stocks, convertible securities, and warrants or rights. Stock markets are volatile. Equity securities may have greater price volatility than other asset classes, such as fixed-income securities, and fluctuate in price based on real or perceived changes in a company's financial condition, factors affecting a particular industry or industries, and overall market, economic and political conditions. Because a company's equity securities rank junior in priority to the interests of bond holders and other creditors, a company's equity securities will usually react more strongly than its bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the company's financial condition or prospects. If the market prices of the equity securities owned by a fund fall, the value of your investment in the fund will decline. If a fund holds equity securities in a company that becomes insolvent, the fund's interests in the company will rank junior in priority to the

------

interests of debtholders and general creditors of the company, and the fund may lose its entire investment in the company. These risks are generally magnified for investments in equity securities of distressed companies. A fund may lose its entire investment in the equity securities of an issuer.

**Expenses:** Your actual costs of investing in a fund may be higher than the expenses shown in this prospectus for a variety of reasons. For example, expense ratios may be higher than those shown if overall net assets decrease, or if a fee limitation is changed or terminated, or with respect to a newly offered fund or class, if average net assets are lower than estimated. Net assets are more likely to decrease and fund expense ratios are more likely to increase when markets are volatile.

**Focused Investing:** To the extent a fund invests in a limited number of countries, regions, sectors, industries or market segments, in a limited number of issuers, or in issuers in related businesses or that are subject to related operating risks, the fund will be more susceptible to negative events affecting those countries, regions, sectors, industries, segments or issuers, and the value of its shares may be more volatile than if it invested more widely.

**Foreign Investments:** Investments in securities of foreign issuers (including those denominated in U.S. dollars) or issuers with significant exposure to foreign markets are subject to additional risks. Foreign markets can be less liquid, less regulated and more volatile than U.S. markets. The value of a fund's foreign investments may decline, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, because of factors affecting the particular issuers as well as foreign markets and issuers generally, such as unfavorable or unsuccessful government actions, reduction of government or central bank support, tariffs and trade disruptions, political or financial instability, social unrest or other adverse economic or political developments. Values may also be affected by restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a foreign country.

Less information may be publicly available about foreign companies than about U.S. companies. Foreign companies are generally not subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as U.S. companies are. Some securities issued by non-U.S. governments or their subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of such governments. Even where a security is backed by the full faith and credit of a government, it may be difficult or impossible for the fund to pursue its rights against the government. Some non-U.S. governments have defaulted on principal and interest payments. In certain foreign markets, settlement and clearance procedures may result in an inability to execute transactions or delays in payment for or delivery of securities not typically associated with settlement and clearance of U.S. investments. Such settlement issues could affect a fund's performance and the liquidity of its portfolio. Dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale or disposition of, foreign securities may be subject to non-U.S. withholding or other taxes, and special U.S. tax considerations may apply.

Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments, the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, organizations, entities and/or individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. Economic sanctions could, among other things, effectively restrict or eliminate a fund's ability to purchase or sell securities or groups of securities for a substantial period of time, and may make the fund's investments in such securities harder to value. International trade barriers or economic sanctions against foreign countries, organizations, entities and/or individuals, may adversely affect a fund's foreign holdings or exposures. Investments in foreign markets may also be adversely affected by unfavorable governmental actions such as the imposition of capital and price controls; nationalization of companies or industries; currency exchange controls, currency blockage, or restrictions on the expatriation of foreign currency; expropriation of assets; confiscatory taxation; or the imposition of punitive taxes. In the event of nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, a fund could lose its entire investment in foreign securities. Governmental actions can have a significant effect on the economic conditions in foreign countries, which also may adversely affect the value and liquidity of a fund's investments. For example, the governments of certain countries may prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign investing in their capital markets or in certain sectors or industries. In addition, a foreign government may limit or cause delay in the convertibility or repatriation of its currency which would adversely affect the U.S. dollar value and/or liquidity of investments denominated in that currency. Any of these actions could severely affect security prices, impair the fund's ability to purchase or sell foreign securities or transfer a fund's assets back into the United States, or otherwise adversely affect the fund's operations. Certain foreign investments may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse investor perceptions, or become illiquid after purchase by a fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil. When a fund holds illiquid investments, its portfolio may be harder to value.

Investment in securities of foreign issuers may also be subject to foreign custody risk which refers to the risks inherent in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities, cash and other assets by banks, agents and depositories in securities markets outside the United States. In addition, it is often more expensive for a fund to buy, hold, and sell securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel non-U.S. agents to hold securities in designated depositories that may not be subject to independent evaluation. The laws of certain countries may place limitations on the ability to recover assets if a non-U.S. bank, agent or depository becomes insolvent or enters bankruptcy. Non-U.S. agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets, and thus may be subject to limited or no government oversight. In general, the less developed a country's securities markets are, or the more difficult communication is with that location, the greater the likelihood of custody issues arising.

------

American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs"), and European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs") are generally subject to all of the risks that direct investments in foreign securities are.

China and other developing market countries may be subject to considerable degrees of economic, political and social instability. China's economic health is largely dependent upon exports, and may be dependent upon the economies of other Asian countries. Investments in Chinese and other Asian issuers could be adversely affected by changes in government policies, or trade or political disputes with major trading partners, including the U.S. China's growing trade surplus with the U.S. has given rise to trade disputes and the imposition of tariffs. The Chinese economy could be adversely affected by supply chain disruptions. An economic slowdown in China could adversely affect economies of other emerging market countries that trade with China, as well as companies operating in those countries.

Sanctions or other government actions against certain countries could negatively impact a fund's investments in securities that have exposure to that country. Circumstances that impact one country could have profound impacts on other countries and on global economies or markets. China and other developing market countries may be subject to considerable degrees of economic, political and social instability. In addition, the U.S. government has imposed restrictions on U.S. investor participation in certain Chinese investments designated as related to the Chinese military. These matters could adversely affect China's economy and the value of Chinese companies, and cause a fund to incur losses.

**Frontier Markets:** Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies, less developed capital markets, less sophisticated legal, regulatory and political systems, and fewer investor protections than emerging market countries. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries. The economies of frontier market countries are generally less correlated to global economic cycles than those of their more developed counterparts and their markets have low trading volumes and the potential for extreme currency fluctuations, price volatility and illiquidity. This volatility may be further heightened by the actions of a few major investors or of governments in frontier markets. These factors make investing in frontier market countries significantly riskier than in other countries and any one of them could cause the price of a fund's shares to decline. An investment in frontier market securities should be considered speculative.

**Growth Stocks:** Returns on growth stocks may not move in tandem with returns on other categories of stocks or the market as a whole. Growth stocks typically are particularly sensitive to market movements and may involve larger price swings because their market prices tend to reflect future expectations. When it appears those expectations may not be met, the prices of growth stocks typically fall. Growth stocks can be volatile for several reasons. Since growth companies usually reinvest a high proportion of their earnings in their own businesses, they may lack the dividends often associated with value stocks that could cushion their decline in a falling market. The values of growth stocks also tend to go down when interest rates rise because the rise in interest rates reduces the current value of future cash flows. Also, since investors buy growth stocks because of their expected superior earnings growth, earnings disappointments often result in sharp price declines. Certain types of growth stocks, particularly technology stocks, can be extremely volatile and subject to greater price swings than the broader market. Growth stocks as a group may be out of favor and underperform the overall equity market for a long period of time, for example, while the market favors "value" stocks.

**Large Capitalization Companies:** A fund's investments in larger, more established companies may underperform other segments of the market because they may be less responsive to competitive challenges and opportunities and unable to attain high growth rates during periods of economic expansion. As a result, a fund's value may not rise as much as, or may fall more than, the value of funds that focus on companies with smaller market capitalizations.

**Large Shareholder:** The Transamerica Asset Allocation funds designated Conservative, Moderate, Moderate Growth and Growth, the Transamerica Asset Allocation Horizon Funds designated Short, Intermediate and Long, and the ClearTrack<sup>®</sup> target date funds, each a separate series of Transamerica Funds, as well as the Transamerica JPMorgan Asset Allocation portfolios designated Conservative, Growth, Moderate Growth, Moderate and International Moderate Growth, and Transamerica 60/40 Allocation VP, Transamerica Goldman Sachs 70/30 Allocation VP and Transamerica BlackRock Tactical Allocation VP, each a separate series of Transamerica Series Trust, are asset allocation funds (the "Asset Allocation Funds") that invest in certain series of Transamerica Funds and may own a significant portion of the shares of an underlying fund.

Unaffiliated funds (the "Unaffiliated Funds") may invest in series of Transamerica Funds subject to the fund of funds restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Unaffiliated Funds with exemptive relief from the SEC may invest in an underlying fund beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions. An Unaffiliated Fund may own a significant portion of the shares of an underlying fund.

Transactions by the Asset Allocation Funds and/or the Unaffiliated Funds may be disruptive to the management of an underlying fund. An underlying fund may experience large redemptions or investments due to transactions in fund shares by the Asset Allocation Funds and/or the Unaffiliated Funds. While it is impossible to predict the overall effect of these transactions over time, there could be an adverse impact on an underlying fund's performance. In the event of such redemptions or investments, an underlying fund could be required to sell securities or to invest cash at a time when it may not otherwise desire to do so. Such transactions may increase an underlying fund's brokerage and/or other transaction costs. In addition, when the Asset Allocation Funds and/or the Unaffiliated Funds

------

own a substantial portion of an underlying fund's shares, a large redemption by an Asset Allocation Fund and/or an Unaffiliated Fund could cause actual expenses to increase, or could result in the underlying fund's current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the underlying fund's expense ratio.

Redemptions of underlying fund shares could also accelerate the realization of taxable capital gains in an underlying fund if sales of securities result in capital gains. The impact of these transactions is likely to be greater when an Asset Allocation Fund and/or an Unaffiliated Fund purchases, redeems, or owns a substantial portion of an underlying fund's shares.

When possible, TAM and/or the sub-adviser will consider how to minimize these potential adverse effects, and may take such actions as it deems appropriate to address potential adverse effects, including carrying out the transactions over a period of time, although there can be no assurance that such actions will be successful.

**Legal and Regulatory:** Legal and regulatory changes could occur that may adversely affect a fund, its investments, and its ability to pursue its investment strategies and/or increase the costs of implementing such strategies. New or revised laws or regulations may be imposed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Federal Reserve or other governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations that could adversely affect a fund. A fund also may be adversely affected by changes in the enforcement or interpretation of existing statutes and rules by governmental regulatory authorities or self-regulatory organizations.

New derivatives regulations require a fund, to the extent it uses derivatives to a material extent, to, among other things, comply with certain overall limits on leverage. These regulations may limit the ability of a fund to pursue its investment strategies and may not be effective to mitigate a fund's risk of loss from derivatives.

**Liquidity:** A fund may make investments that are illiquid or that become illiquid after purchase. Investments may become illiquid due to the lack of an active market, a reduced number of traditional market participants, legal or contractual restrictions on resale, or reduced capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in securities. Regulations such as the Volcker Rule or future regulations may further constrain the ability of market participants to create liquidity, particularly in times of increased volatility. As a general matter, a reduction in the willingness or ability of dealers and other institutional investors to make markets in fixed-income securities may result in even less liquidity in certain markets. Liquidity risk may be magnified in rising interest rate environments. Illiquid investments can be difficult to value. If a fund is forced to sell less liquid or illiquid investments to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, the fund may be forced to sell at a substantial loss (or may not be able to sell at all), and such sale may involve additional costs. In addition, securities, once sold by a fund, may not settle for an extended period (for example, several weeks or even longer). The fund will not receive its sales proceeds until that time, which may constrain the fund's ability to meet its obligations (including obligations to redeeming shareholders). Liquidity of particular investments, or even entire asset classes, including U.S. Treasury securities, can deteriorate rapidly, particularly during times of market turmoil, and those investments may be difficult or impossible for a fund to sell. This may prevent a fund from limiting losses. Further, when there is illiquidity in the market for certain investments, a fund, due to limitations on illiquid investments, may be unable to achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector or asset class. A fund is required by law to maintain a liquidity risk management program to assess and manage the fund's liquidity risk. This program is intended to reduce liquidity risk, but may not achieve the desired results. Analyses and judgments made under the program may be incorrect, and changes in market conditions, which may be rapid and unexpected, may adversely affect the program.

**Management:** The value of your investment in a fund may go down if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's judgments and decisions are incorrect or otherwise do not produce the desired results. For example, the value of your investment in a fund may go down if its investment manager's or sub-adviser's judgment about the quality, relative yield or value of, or market trends affecting, a particular security or issuer, industry, sector, region or market segment, or about the economy or interest rates, is incorrect. A fund may also suffer losses if there are imperfections, errors or limitations in the quantitative, analytic or other tools, resources, information and data used, or the analyses employed or relied on, by its investment manager or sub-adviser, if such tools, resources, information or data are used incorrectly, fail to produce the desired results or otherwise do not work as intended, or if the investment manager's or sub-adviser's investment style is out of favor or otherwise fails to produce the desired results. A fund's investment strategies may not work as intended or may otherwise fail to produce the desired results. In addition, a fund's investment strategies or policies may change from time to time. Legislative, regulatory or tax developments may also affect the investment techniques available to an investment manager or sub-adviser in connection with managing a fund. Those changes and developments may not lead to the results intended by the investment manager or sub-adviser and could have an adverse effect on the value or performance of the fund. Any of these things could cause a fund to lose value or its results to lag relevant benchmarks or other funds with similar objectives.

------

**Market:** The market prices of a fund's securities and other assets may go up or down, sometimes sharply and unpredictably, due to general market conditions, overall economic trends or events, inflation, changes in interest rates, government actions or interventions, actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks, market disruptions caused by tariffs, trade disputes or other factors, political developments, armed conflicts, economic sanctions, cybersecurity events, investor sentiment, the public health events such as the spread of infectious disease, and other factors that may or may not be related to the issuer of the security or other asset. The market prices of securities and other assets also may go down due to events or conditions that affect particular sectors, industries, issuers, or geographies. Adverse market conditions may be prolonged and may not have the same impact on all types of securities or other assets. If the value of the fund's securities and assets fall, the value of your investment will go down. A fund may experience a substantial or complete loss on any individual security or asset.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Events or circumstances in one or more countries or regions could be highly disruptive to, and have profound impacts on, global economies or markets. In the past decade, financial markets throughout the world have experienced increased volatility and decreased liquidity. These conditions may continue or worsen. As a result, whether or not a fund invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of a fund's investments may go down. Securities markets may also be susceptible to market manipulation or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the orderly functioning of these markets or adversely affect the value of securities traded in these markets, including a fund's securities.

*Recent Market Events*

Although its effects have begun to dissipate, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in economic downturns throughout the world, severe losses, particularly to some sectors of the economy and individual issuers, reduced liquidity of many instruments. The COVID-19 pandemic also caused significant disruptions to business operations, including business closures; strained healthcare systems; disruptions to supply chains and employee availability; large fluctuations in consumer demand; large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic; and widespread uncertainty regarding the duration and long-term effects of the pandemic.

Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February, 2022, the resulting responses by the United States and other countries, and the potential for wider conflict, have increased and may continue to increase volatility and uncertainty in financial markets worldwide. The United States and other countries have imposed broad-ranging economic sanctions on Russia and Russian entities and individuals, and may impose additional sanctions, including on other countries that provide military or economic support to Russia. These sanctions, among other things, restrict companies from doing business with Russia and Russian issuers, and may adversely affect companies with economic or financial exposure to Russia and Russian issuers. The duration, extent and repercussions of Russia's military actions are not yet fully known and may not be for some time. The invasion may widen beyond Ukraine and may escalate, including through retaliatory actions and cyberattacks by Russia and even other countries. These events may result in further and significant market disruptions and may adversely affect regional and global economies including those of Europe and the United States. Certain industries and markets, such as those involving oil, natural gas and other commodities, as well as global supply chains, may be particularly adversely affected. Whether or not a fund invests in securities of issuers located in Russia, Ukraine and adjacent countries or with significant exposure to issuers in these countries, these events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of a fund's investments.

Rates of inflation have recently risen. Inflation has affected the global economy and global financial markets. Inflation occurs when prices increase and the purchasing power of money decreases. The value of assets or income from an investment may be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of a fund's assets can decline as can the value of a fund's distributions. Inflation often is accompanied or followed by a recession, or period of decline in economic activity, which may include job loss and other hardships and may cause the value of securities to go down generally. Governments around the world, including the U.S. government, have taken steps designed to manage inflation, including raising interest rates, and interest rates may remain elevated or may rise further.

**Non-Diversification:** As a "non-diversified" fund, a fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. To the extent a fund invests its assets in a smaller number of issuers, it may be more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence or other negative events affecting those issuers than a diversified fund.

**Operational:** Your ability to transact with a fund or the valuation of your investment may be negatively impacted because of the operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors and human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology (including as a result of cybersecurity incidents), changes in personnel, and errors caused by third party service providers or trading counterparties. It is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a fund or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. A fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

------

**Redemption:** A fund may experience periods of heavy redemptions that could cause the fund to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value, particularly during periods of declining or illiquid markets. In that event, the value of your investment in the fund would go down. If a fund is required to liquidate assets to accommodate redemptions, the liquidation could accelerate the recognition of capital gains by the fund, and any capital gains recognized by the fund generally need to be distributed to shareholders in order to avoid fund-level taxation. The non-redeeming shareholders could receive a disproportionate amount of those taxable distributions, even though the capital gains were recognized as a result of the redeeming shareholders. Redemption risk is greater to the extent that a fund has investors with large shareholdings, short investment horizons, or unpredictable cash flow needs. In addition, redemption risk is heightened during periods of overall market turmoil. The redemption by one or more large shareholders of their holdings in a fund could hurt performance and/or cause the remaining shareholders in the fund to lose money. Further, a fund's redemption risk is increased if one decision maker has control of fund shares owned by separate fund shareholders, including clients or affiliates of the investment manager and/or sub-adviser.

**Regulatory:** In recent years, the U.S. government adopted and implemented regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives as well as margin, reporting and registration requirements. Additional U.S. or other regulations may make derivatives more costly, may limit the availability of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act (the "Reform Act") substantially increased regulation of the over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives market and participants in that market, including imposing clearing and reporting requirements on transactions involving instruments that fall within the Reform Act's definition of "swap" and "security-based swap," which terms generally include OTC derivatives, and imposing registration and potential substantive requirements on certain swap and security-based swap market participants. In addition, under the Reform Act, a fund may be subject to additional recordkeeping and reporting requirements. New Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act provides a comprehensive regulatory framework for the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, such as a fund, and set limits on a fund's investments in derivatives. New Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act provides an enhanced regulatory framework applicable to fund of fund arrangements. New Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act establishes an updated regulatory framework for registered investment company valuation practices. The ultimate impact of the new rules remains unclear. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which a fund itself is regulated. The impact of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented on the ability of a fund to use swaps or any other financial derivative product is not known at this time, and there can be no assurance that any new government regulation will not adversely affect the fund's ability to achieve its investment objective.

**Securities Lending:** Each fund may lend securities to other financial institutions that provide cash or U.S. government or agency securities as collateral. When a fund lends portfolio securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned, and the fund will also receive a fee or interest on the collateral. Securities lending involves the risk that the borrower may fail to return the securities in a timely manner or at all. As a result, a fund may lose money and there may be a delay in recovering the loaned securities. A fund could also lose money if it does not recover the securities and/or the value of the cash or non-cash collateral falls, including the value of investments made with cash collateral. These events could trigger adverse tax consequences for a fund.

**Small and Medium Capitalization Companies:** Investing in small- and medium-sized companies involves greater risk than is customarily associated with more established companies. The prices of securities of small and medium capitalization companies generally are more volatile than those of large capitalization companies and are more likely to be adversely affected than large capitalization companies by changes in earnings results and investor expectations or poor economic or market conditions. Securities of small and medium capitalization companies may underperform large capitalization companies, may be harder to sell at times and at prices the portfolio managers believe appropriate and may offer greater potential for losses. Smaller capitalization companies often have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources and their management may lack depth and experience. Such companies usually do not pay significant dividends that could cushion returns in a falling market.

**Strategies and Styles:** Investment strategies and styles with different characteristics tend to shift in and out of favor depending upon market and economic conditions as well as investor sentiment. A fund may outperform or underperform other funds that employ a different strategy or style. A fund may employ a combination of strategies and/or styles that impact its risk characteristics.

**Sustainability Investing (Transamerica International Sustainable Equity and Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity):** Applying a sustainability assessment framework to a sub-adviser's investment analysis for a fund may impact the sub-adviser's investment decisions as to securities of certain issuers and, therefore, the fund may forgo some investment opportunities available to funds that do not apply sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. Applying sustainability criteria may impact a fund's exposure to risks associated with certain issuers, industries and sectors, which may impact the fund's investment performance. Securities of companies meeting the sub-adviser's sustainability criteria may shift into and out of favor depending on market and economic conditions, and a fund's performance may at times be better or worse than the performance of similar funds that do not utilize sustainability investing principals or that apply different sustainability criteria. "Sustainability" is not a uniformly defined characteristic and applying sustainability criteria involves subjective assessment. A fund's investments may include securities of issuers that derive revenue from non-sustainable activities. Sustainability information from third party data providers may be incomplete, inaccurate or unavailable, which could lead to an incorrect assessment of a company's sustainability characteristics.

------

**Tax:** In order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company (a "RIC") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"), a fund must meet certain requirements regarding the composition of its income, the diversification of its assets, and the amounts of its distributions. In particular, a fund must generally diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year, at least 50% of the value of the fund's total assets is represented by (1) cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and (2) other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the fund's total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. If a fund were to fail to meet any of these requirements, the fund might not be eligible for treatment as a RIC, in which case it would be subject to federal income tax on its net income at the applicable corporate rate (without reduction for distributions to shareholders). The fund may be able to preserve its RIC qualification by meeting certain conditions, in which case it may be subject to certain additional taxes.

Any income a fund derives from investments in certain hard asset ETFs, such as certain commodity ETFs, and from other non-qualifying sources must be limited to a maximum of 10% of the fund's gross income. If a fund fails to meet the 10% requirement, the fund may be subject to the federal income tax consequences described in the preceding paragraph. A fund may invest no more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of entities treated as qualified publicly traded partnerships for federal income tax purposes. If a fund fails to meet the 25% requirement, the fund may be subject to the federal income tax consequences described in the preceding paragraph.

An MLP is an entity treated as a partnership under the Internal Revenue Code, the partnership interests of which are traded on securities exchanges like shares of corporate stock. To qualify as an MLP, an entity must receive at least 90% of its income from qualifying sources such as interest, dividends, income and gain from mineral or natural resources activities, income and gain from the transportation or storage of certain fuels, and, in certain circumstances, income and gain from commodities or futures, forwards and options with respect to commodities. For this purpose, mineral or natural resources activities include exploration, development, production, mining, refining, marketing and transportation (including pipelines) of oil and gas, minerals, geothermal energy, fertilizer, timber or industrial source carbon dioxide. If it does not so qualify, it will generally be subject to tax as a corporation. <br>Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to a fund from investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce the fund's taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in the fund's income in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the fund at the time the deductions were taken by the fund, and even though those shareholders may not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. In order to distribute recapture income or to fund redemption requests, a fund may need to liquidate investments, which may lead to additional recapture income.

**Valuation:** Many factors may influence the price at which a fund could sell any particular portfolio investment. The sales price may well differ — higher or lower — from a fund's last valuation, and such differences could be significant, particularly for illiquid securities, securities priced based upon valuations provided by third party pricing services that use matrix or evaluated pricing systems, securities that trade in relatively thin or volatile markets, or securities that are valued using a fair value methodology. These differences may increase significantly and affect fund investments more broadly during periods of market volatility. If market conditions make it difficult to value some investments, a fund may value these investments using more subjective methods, such as fair value methodologies. Investors who purchase or redeem fund shares on days when a fund is holding fair-valued securities may receive a greater or lesser number of shares, or greater or lower redemption proceeds, than they would have received if the fund had not fair-valued the securities or had used a different valuation methodology. The value of foreign securities, certain fixed-income securities and currencies, as applicable, may be materially affected by events after the close of the markets on which they are traded, but before a fund determines its net asset value. A fund's ability to value its investments may be impacted by technological issues and/or errors by pricing services or other third party service providers. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgment, which may prove to be incorrect.

**Warrants and Rights:** Warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments because they do not entitle a holder to the dividends or voting rights for the securities that may be purchased, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. Also, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities. If the warrant or right is not exercised before the expiration date, it generally expires without any value and the fund will lose any amount it paid for the warrant or right.

Please note that there are other factors that could adversely affect your investment in a fund and that could prevent the fund from achieving its investment objective. More information about risks appears in the SAI. Before investing, you should carefully consider the risks that you will assume.

------

**Shareholder Information**

**Management of Transamerica Funds**

The Board of Trustees is responsible for overseeing the management and business affairs of Transamerica Funds. It oversees the operation of Transamerica Funds by its officers. It also reviews the management of each fund's assets by the investment manager and sub-advisers. Information about the Trustees and executive officers of Transamerica Funds is contained in the Statement of Additional Information ("SAI").

**Investment Manager**

Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM"), located at 1801 California Street, Suite 5200, Denver, CO 80202, serves as investment manager for Transamerica Funds. TAM provides continuous and regular investment management services to the funds. For each of the funds, TAM currently acts as a "manager of managers" and hires investment sub-advisers to furnish investment advice and recommendations and has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with each fund's sub-adviser. In acting as a manager of managers, TAM provides investment management services that include, without limitation, selection, proactive oversight and monitoring of the sub-advisers, daily monitoring of the sub-advisers' buying and selling of securities for the funds and regular review and evaluation of sub-adviser performance and adherence to investment style and process. TAM's management services include, among other things, the provision of supervisory, compliance and administrative services to each fund. More information on the investment management services rendered by TAM is included in the SAI. TAM is paid investment management fees for its service as investment manager to each fund. These fees are calculated on the average daily net assets of each fund.

TAM has been a registered investment adviser since 1996. As of December 31, 2022, TAM has approximately $[ ] billion in total assets under management. The funds are operated by TAM pursuant to an exclusion from registration as a commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act.

TAM is directly owned by Transamerica Life Insurance Company ("TLIC") (77%) and AUSA Holding, LLC ("AUSA") (23%), both of which are indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries of Aegon NV. TLIC is owned by Commonwealth General Corporation ("Commonwealth"). Commonwealth and AUSA are wholly owned by Transamerica Corporation (DE). Transamerica Corporation (DE) is wholly owned by Aegon International B.V., which is wholly owned by Aegon NV, a Netherlands corporation, and a publicly traded international insurance group.

TAM acts as a manager of managers for the funds pursuant to an exemptive order from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") (Release IC- 23379 dated August 5, 1998). TAM has responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board of Trustees, to, among other matters, oversee and monitor sub-advisers, recommend selection of sub-advisers and recommend changes to sub-advisers where it believes appropriate or advisable. The exemptive order permits TAM, subject to certain conditions including the approval of the Board of Trustees, but without the approval of the applicable fund's shareholders, to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) employ a new unaffiliated sub-adviser for a fund pursuant to the terms of a new investment sub-advisory agreement, either as a replacement for an existing sub-adviser or as an additional sub-adviser;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) materially change the terms of any sub-advisory agreement; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) continue the employment of an existing sub-adviser on sub-advisory contract terms where a contract has been assigned because of a change of control of the sub-adviser.

Pursuant to the exemptive order, each fund has agreed to provide certain information about new sub-advisers and new sub-advisory agreements to its shareholders.

**Management Fees Paid for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2022**

As of the date of this prospectus, the funds had not operated for a full fiscal year, so no management fee is shown. Each fund's management fee schedule is shown below.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Fund Name** | **Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets** |
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.55% of the first $500 million<br> 0.53% over $500 million up to $1 billion<br> 0.52% over $1 billion up to $2 billion<br> 0.51% over $2 billion up to $3 billion<br> 0.50% in excess of $3 billion<br>|
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.48% of the first $500 million<br> 0.47% over $500 million up to $1 billion<br> 0.46% over $1 billion up to $2 billion<br> 0.45% in excess of $2 billion<br>|

---

------

***Trustees' Approval of Investment Management Agreement***

A discussion regarding the Board of Trustees' approval of each fund's investment management agreement will be available in each fund's semi-annual report for the fiscal period ending April 30, 2023.

**Sub-Adviser(s)**

Pursuant to an Investment Sub-advisory Agreement between TAM and each sub-adviser on behalf of the respective fund, each sub-adviser shall provide day-to-day investment advice and recommendations for the applicable fund.

Each sub-adviser receives compensation from TAM.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund** | **Sub-Adviser** | **Sub-Adviser Address** |
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | Calamos Advisors LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2020 Calamos Court<br> Naperville, IL 60563-2787<br>|
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | &nbsp;&nbsp; Westfield Capital Management <br> Company, L.P.<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1 Financial Center<br> Boston, MA 02111<br>|

---

**Further Information About Each Sub-Adviser**

Calamos Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, has been a registered investment adviser since 1977. As of December 31, 2022, Calamos Advisors LLC had approximately $[ ] billion in total assets under management.

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. is 100% employee owned and has been an SEC-registered investment adviser since 1989. As of December 31, 2022, Westfield had approximately $[ ] billion in total assets under management.

**Portfolio Manager(s)**

Each fund is managed by the portfolio manager(s) listed below. The SAI provides additional information about each portfolio manager's compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager, and the portfolio manager's ownership in each fund they manage.

**Transamerica International Sustainable Equity** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Sub-Adviser** | **Positions Over Past Five Years** |
| James Madden, CFA | Calamos Advisors LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Co-Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; <br> Portfolio Manager with Calamos Advisors LLC <br> since 2021; Prior to Calamos Advisors LLC, <br> Portfolio Manager for Trillium Asset Management <br> from 2015-2021<br>|
| Anthony Tursich, CFA | Calamos Advisors LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Co-Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; <br> Portfolio Manager with Calamos Advisors LLC <br> since 2021; Prior to Calamos Advisors LLC, <br> Founder of Pearl Impact Capital, LLC from 2018 – <br> 2021; Prior to Pearl Impact Capital, LLC, Portfolio <br> Manager for Trillium Asset Management from <br> 2015-2018<br>|
| Beth Williamson | Calamos Advisors LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Associate Portfolio Manager of the fund since <br> 2023; Head of Sustainable Equity Research and <br> Associate Portfolio Manager with Calamos <br> Advisors LLC since 2022; Vice President with <br> Calamos Advisors LLC since 2021; Prior to <br> Calamos Advisors LLC, Director of ESG Research <br> and ESG Specialist for Trillium Asset Management <br> from 2015-2021<br>|

---

**Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Sub-Adviser** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Positions Over Past**<br> **Five Years**<br>|
| Paul D. McHugh, CFA | Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. | &nbsp;&nbsp; Lead Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; <br> Lead Portfolio Manager, Director of ESG Research <br> and Investment Committee Member at Westfield <br> Capital Management Company, L.P. since 2014<br>|

---

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Sub-Adviser** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Positions Over Past**<br> **Five Years**<br>|
| William R. Gilchrist | Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. | &nbsp;&nbsp; Co-Portfolio Manager of the fund since 2023; <br> Portfolio Manager, Partner, Portfolio Analyst and <br> Investment Committee Member at Westfield <br> Capital Management Company, L.P. since 2007<br>|

---

***Trustees' Approval of Sub-Advisory Agreements***

A discussion regarding the Board of Trustees' approval of each applicable fund's investment sub-advisory agreement will be available in each fund's semi-annual report for the fiscal period ending April 30, 2023.

**Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings**

A detailed description of each fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio holdings is available in the SAI.

**Fund Expenses** 

During times of market volatility or decline, assets of your fund may decline significantly, causing total annual fund operating expenses (as a percentage of the value of your investment) to become higher than the numbers shown in your fund's Annual Fund Operating Expenses table under "Fees and Expenses" in this prospectus. In addition, the total annual fund operating expenses shown in your fund's Annual Fund Operating Expenses table may not correlate to the ratios of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights section of the prospectus, which reflect the operating expenses of your fund and do not include certain expenses such as acquired (i.e., underlying) funds' fees and expenses.

The "Other expenses" items in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses table for your fund include fees for custodial, legal and transfer agency services. "Other expenses" also include various other expenses applicable to each share class of your fund. Class I2 shares do not pay sub-transfer agency fees directly, but the transfer agent may use its available resources to pay for sub-transfer agency services for Class I2.

**How To Contact the Funds**

• Customer Service: 1-888-233-4339 – Monday through Friday; hours of operation as posted on the funds' website at www.transamerica.com/contact-us.

• Internet: www.transamerica.com

• Fax: 1-888-329-4339

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ***Mailing Address:***  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transamerica Fund Services, Inc.<br> P.O. Box 219945<br> Kansas City, MO 64121-9945<br>|
| ***Overnight Address:***  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transamerica Fund Services, Inc.<br> 330 W. 9th Street<br> Kansas City, MO 64105<br>|

---

**Opening an Account**

Federal regulations may require a fund to obtain, verify and record certain information from you and persons authorized to act on your behalf in order to establish an account. Required information includes name, date of birth (for an individual), permanent residential address or principal place of business and Social Security Number or Employer Identification Number. The fund may also ask to see other identifying documents. If you do not provide the information, the fund may not be able to open your account. Identifying information must be provided for each trader on an account. The fund may also place limits on account transactions while it is in the process of verifying your identity. If the fund is unable to verify your identity, or that of another person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or if the fund believes it has identified potentially criminal activity, the fund reserves the right to take action it deems appropriate or as required by law, which may include redeeming your shares and closing your account.

------

**Buying Shares**

Class I2 shares of the funds in this prospectus are currently primarily offered for investment in certain funds of funds (also referred to as "strategic asset allocation funds"). Class I2 shares of the funds are also made available to other investors, including institutional investors such as foreign insurers, domestic insurance companies and their separate accounts, and unaffiliated funds, high net worth individuals, and eligible retirement plans whose recordkeepers or financial service firm intermediaries have entered into agreements with Transamerica Funds or its agents. Investors who received Class I2 shares in connection with the reorganization of a Transamerica Premier Fund into a Transamerica Fund may continue to invest in Class I2 shares of that Transamerica Fund, but may not open new accounts. Purchase requests initiated through an automated service that exceed $50,000 per day are not permitted and must be submitted by check or via bank wire.

Transamerica Funds or its agents may reject a request for purchase of shares at any time, in whole or in part, including any purchase under the exchange privilege, without notice and regardless of size. Each fund reserves the right to discontinue offering any class of shares at any time, to liquidate any class of shares or merge any class of shares into another class of shares, or to cease investment operations entirely.

Each fund reserves the right to make additional exceptions or otherwise to modify the foregoing policies at any time.

Shares are purchased at the net asset value per share ("NAV"), without a sales charge.

**By Check**

• Make your check payable and send to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc.

• If you are purchasing shares in an existing account(s), please reference your account number(s) and the Transamerica fund(s) in which you wish to invest. If you do not specify the fund(s) in which you wish to invest, and your referenced account is invested in one Transamerica fund, your check will be deposited into such fund. If you do not specify the fund(s) in which you wish to invest and own more than one fund, your investment may be rejected.

• Redemption proceeds will be withheld for up to 10 calendar days from the date of purchase for funds to clear.

• Transamerica Funds does not accept cash, money orders, traveler's checks, credit card convenience checks, counter checks or starter checks without pre-printed information. Cashier's checks and third party checks may be accepted, subject to approval by Transamerica Funds. We reserve the right to reject or accept any form of payment. Any unacceptable forms of payment will be returned.

**By Automatic Investment Plan**

• With an Automatic Investment Plan ("AIP"), a level dollar amount is invested in fixed intervals and the payment is deducted electronically from your bank account. Due to your bank's requirements, please allow up to 30 days for your AIP to begin. Investments may be made between the 3rd and 28th of each month only, and will occur on the 15th if no selection is made. Call Customer Service for information on how to establish an AIP or visit our website to obtain an AIP request form.

**By Telephone**

• You may request an electronic transfer of funds from your bank account to your Transamerica Funds account. The electronic bank link option must be established in advance before Automated Clearing House ("ACH") purchases will be accepted. Call Customer Service or visit our website at www.transamerica.com for information on how to establish an electronic bank link. Due to your bank's requirements, please allow up to 30 days to establish this option.

**Through an Authorized Dealer**

• If your dealer has already established your account for you, no additional documentation is needed. Call your dealer to place your order. Transamerica Funds must receive your payment within two business days after your order is accepted.

**By Internet**

• You may request an electronic transfer of funds from your bank account to your Transamerica Funds account. The electronic bank link option must be established in advance before ACH purchases will be accepted. Call Customer Service or visit our website at www.transamerica.com for information on how to establish an electronic bank link. Due to your bank's requirements, please allow up to 30 days to establish this option.

**By Payroll Deduction**

• You may have money transferred regularly from your payroll to your Transamerica Funds account. Call Customer Service to establish this option.

**By Wire Transfer**

• You may request that your bank wire funds to your Transamerica Funds account (note that your bank may charge a fee for such service). You must have an existing account to make a payment by wire transfer. Ask your bank to send your payment to:

------

State Street Bank and Trust Company, Boston, MA, ABA#011000028 <br>Credit: Transamerica Funds Acct #00418533 <br>Ref: Shareholder name, Transamerica fund and account numbers.

• Shares will be purchased at the next determined public offering price after receipt of your wire if you have supplied all other required information.

**Other Information**

If your check, draft or electronic transfer is returned unpaid by your bank, you will be charged a fee of $20 for each item that has been returned.

Transamerica Funds reserves the right to terminate your electronic draft privileges if the drafts are returned unpaid by your bank.

Transamerica Funds or its agents may reject a request for purchase of shares at any time, in whole or in part, in its discretion for any reason at any time, and is not obligated to provide notice before rejecting or canceling an order, including, but not limited to, any purchase under the exchange privilege and any purchase request that does not include an investment representative or an approved broker-dealer.

**Selling Shares**

Shares may be sold (or "redeemed") on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open for business. Proceeds from the redemption of shares will normally be sent to redeeming shareholders within two business days after receipt of a redemption request in good order, but in any event within seven days, regardless of the method the fund uses to make such payment (e.g., check, wire or electronic funds transfer (ACH)). However, Transamerica Funds may postpone payment under certain circumstances, such as when the New York Stock Exchange is closed (other than on weekends or holidays) or trading is restricted, if an emergency exists, or otherwise as permitted by order of the SEC or authorized by law.

If you have recently purchased your shares by check or electronic funds transfer, your redemption payment may be delayed until the fund is reasonably satisfied that the check or electronic funds transfer has cleared (which may take up to ten calendar days). This delay may be avoided if you purchase shares by Federal Funds wire or certified check.

Please note that redemption requests greater than $50,000 per day must be submitted in writing. In addition, amounts greater than $50,000 cannot be sent via ACH (check or federal funds wire only). Additionally, requests totaling more than $100,000 must be in writing with an original signature guarantee for all shareholders. Certain direct institutional accounts may utilize alternative methods in place of a signature guarantee.

The electronic bank link option must be established in advance for payments made electronically to your bank such as ACH or expedited wire redemptions. Call Customer Service to verify this feature is in place on your account or to obtain information on how to establish the electronic bank link.

Shares are redeemed at NAV.

**To request your redemption and receive payment:**

**Direct Deposit – ACH**

• You may request an "ACH redemption" in writing, by phone or by internet access to your account. The electronic bank link must be established in advance. Payment should usually be received by your bank account 2-4 banking days after your request is received in good order. Transamerica Funds does not charge for this payment option. Certain IRAs and qualified retirement plans may not be eligible to request redemptions via the internet.

**Direct Deposit – Wire**

• You may request an expedited wire redemption in writing or by phone. The electronic bank link must be established in advance. Otherwise, an original signature guarantee will be required. Wire redemptions have a minimum of $1,000 per wire. Payment should be received by your bank account the next banking day after your request is received in good order. Transamerica Funds charges $10 for this service. Your bank may charge a fee as well.

**Check to Address of Record**

• **Written Request –** Send a letter requesting a withdrawal to Transamerica Funds. Specify the fund, account number, and dollar amount or number of shares you wish to redeem. Be sure to include all shareholders' signatures and any additional documents, as well as an original signature guarantee(s) if required. If you are requesting a distribution from an IRA, federal tax withholding of 10% will apply unless you elect otherwise. If you elect to withhold, the minimum tax withholding rate is 10%.

• **Telephone or Internet Request –** You may request your redemption by phone or internet. Certain IRAs and qualified retirement plans may not be eligible.

------

**Check to Another Party/Address**

• This request must be in writing, regardless of amount, signed by all account owners with an original signature guarantee.

**Systematic Withdrawal Plan (by Direct Deposit – ACH or Check)**

• You can establish a Systematic Withdrawal Plan ("SWP") either at the time you open your account or at a later date. Systematic withdrawals may be made via ACH between the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 28<sup>th</sup> day of the month only, or via check on the 20<sup>th</sup> day of the month only. Call Customer Service for information on how to establish a SWP, or visit our website to obtain the appropriate form to complete.

**Through an Authorized Dealer**

• You may redeem your shares through an authorized dealer (they may impose a service charge). Contact your Registered Representative or Dealer for assistance.

**Your Request to Sell Your Shares and Receive Payment May Be Subject to:**

• The type of account you have and if there is more than one shareholder. For example, we may require additional documentation for certain account types or multiple signatures.

• The dollar amount you are requesting; redemptions over $50,000 must be in writing and those redemptions totaling more than $100,000 require a written request with an original signature guarantee for all shareholders on the account.

• A written request and original signature guarantee may be required if there have been recent changes made to your account (such as an address change) or other such circumstances. For your protection, if an address change was made in the last 10 days, Transamerica Funds requires a redemption request in writing, signed by all account owners with an original signature guarantee.

• When redeeming all shares from an account with an active AIP, your AIP will automatically be stopped. Please contact Customer Service if you wish to re-activate your AIP.

• Each fund reserves the right to refuse a telephone redemption request if it is believed it is advisable to do so. The telephone redemption option may be suspended or terminated at any time without advance notice.

• Redemption proceeds will be withheld for up to 10 calendar days from the date of purchase for funds to clear.

• If you request that a withdrawal check be delivered overnight, a $20 overnight fee will be charged.

Please see additional information relating to original signature guarantee later in this prospectus.

Shares will normally be redeemed for cash, although each fund retains the right to wholly or partly redeem its shares in kind, under unusual circumstances (such as adverse or unstable market, economic, or political conditions), in an effort to protect the interests of shareholders by the delivery of securities selected from its assets at its discretion. On the same redemption date, some shareholders may be paid in whole or in part in securities (which may differ among those shareholders), while other shareholders may be paid entirely in cash. The disposal of the securities received in-kind may be subject to brokerage costs and, until sold, such securities remain at market risk and liquidity risk, including the risk that such securities are or become difficult to sell. If the fund pays your redemption with illiquid or less liquid securities, you will bear the risk of not being able to sell such securities. Each fund may pay redemption proceeds with cash obtained through short-term borrowing arrangements, if available. Please see the SAI for more details.

**Involuntary Redemptions**

Each fund reserves the right, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to close your account if, for example, the account value falls below the fund's minimum account balance, including solely due to declines in NAV, or you are deemed to engage in activities that are illegal (such as late trading), activity that is believed to be detrimental to the fund (such as market timing), or other potential criminal or fraudulent activity.

**Exchanging Shares**

In certain circumstances, shares of one class of a fund may be exchanged directly for shares of another class of the same fund, as described in the Statement of Additional Information.

An exchange of shares of one class directly for shares of another class of the same fund normally should not be taxable for federal income tax purposes. You should consult your tax advisor before making an exchange.

**Converting Shares**

If you hold Class I2 shares and are eligible for purchase of Class I shares, you may be eligible to convert your Class I2 shares to Class I shares of the same fund, subject to the discretion of Transamerica Fund Services, Inc., to permit or reject such a conversion. If you hold Class I shares and are eligible to purchase Class I2 shares, you may be eligible to convert Class I shares to Class I2 shares of the same fund, subject to certain conditions. Class I shares are not offered in this prospectus. Please contact your financial adviser or Customer Service for conversion requirements and instructions.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

------

If you convert from one class of shares to another, the transaction will be based on the respective NAVs of the two classes on the trade date for the conversion. Consequently, a conversion may provide you with fewer shares or more shares than you originally owned, depending on that day's NAV. At the time of conversion, the total dollar value of your "old" shares will equal the total dollar value of your "new" shares. However, subsequent share price fluctuations may decrease or increase the total dollar value of your "new" shares compared with that of your "old" shares.

------

**Features and Policies**

**Customer Service**

Occasionally, Transamerica Funds experiences high call volume due to unusual market activity or other events that may make it difficult for you to reach a Customer Service Representative by telephone. If you are unable to reach Transamerica Funds by telephone, please consider visiting our website at www.transamerica.com.

You may also send instructions by mail or by fax by using the information in the "How to Contact the Funds" section above.

**Uncashed Checks Issued on Your Account**

If any check Transamerica Funds issues is returned by the Post Office as undeliverable, or remains outstanding (uncashed) for six months, we reserve the right to reinvest check proceeds back into your account at the NAV next calculated after reinvestment. If applicable, we will also change your account distribution option from cash to reinvest. Interest does not accrue on amounts represented by uncashed checks. In case we are unable to reinvest check proceeds in the original funds that you held, for example, if a fund has been liquidated or is closed to new investments, we reserve the right to reinvest the proceeds in Transamerica Government Money Market.

**Minimum Dividend Check Amounts**

To control costs associated with issuing and administering dividend checks, we reserve the right not to issue checks under a specified amount. For accounts with the cash by check dividend distribution option, if the dividend payment total is less than $10, the distribution will be reinvested into the account and no check will be issued.

**Telephone Transactions**

Transamerica Funds and its transfer agent, Transamerica Fund Services, Inc. ("TFS") are not liable for complying with telephone instructions that are deemed by them to be genuine. Transamerica Funds and TFS will employ reasonable procedures to help ensure telephone instructions are genuine. These procedures may include requiring personal identification, providing written confirmation of transactions, and tape recording conversations. In situations where Transamerica Funds or TFS reasonably believe they were acting on genuine telephone instructions, you bear the risk of loss. Transamerica Funds reserves the right to modify the telephone redemption privilege at any time. Customers can remove telephone options by submitting a letter of instructions.

**Professional Fees**

Your financial professional may charge a fee for his or her services. This fee will be in addition to any fees charged by Transamerica Funds. Your financial professional will answer any questions that you may have regarding such fees.

**Signature Guarantee**

An original signature guarantee assures that a signature is genuine so that you are protected from unauthorized account transactions. Acceptable guarantors only include participants in the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program ("STAMP2000"). Participants in STAMP2000 may include financial institutions such as banks, savings and loan associations, trust companies, credit unions, broker-dealers, and member firms of a national securities exchange. For certain requests, a notary may be accepted.

An original signature guarantee is typically required if any of the following is applicable:

• You request a redemption or distribution transaction totaling more than $100,000 or, in the case of an IRA with a market value in excess of $100,000, you request a custodian to custodian transfer.

• You would like a check made payable to anyone other than the shareholder(s) of record.

• You would like a check mailed to an address which has been changed within 10 days of the redemption request.

• You would like a check mailed to an address other than the address of record.

• You would like your redemption proceeds wired to a bank account other than a bank account of record.

• Wire or ACH proceeds to a bank account changed within 10 days of the redemption request.

• You are adding or removing a shareholder from an account.

• You are changing ownership of an account.

• When establishing an electronic bank link, if the Transamerica Funds' account holder's name does not appear on the check.

• Transactions requiring supporting legal documentation.

The funds reserve the right to require an original signature guarantee or a notary under other circumstances or to reject or delay a redemption on certain legal grounds.

An original signature guarantee or notary may be refused if any of the following is applicable:

• It does not appear valid or in good form.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• The transaction amount exceeds the surety bond limit of the signature guarantee.

• The guarantee stamp has been reported as stolen, missing or counterfeit.

Certain direct institutional accounts may utilize alternative methods in place of a signature guarantee with prior approval from Transamerica. Contact Transamerica for additional details.

**Note:** For certain maintenance and non-financial requests, Transamerica Funds may require a Signature Validation Program Stamp for your protection. When an institution provides a Signature Validation Program Stamp, it assures Transamerica Funds that the signature and instructions are yours and that you have the authority to provide the instruction(s) contained within the request.

**Electronic Signatures**

Transamerica may accept electronic signatures in certain circumstances. Please contact Customer Service (1-888-233-4339) to see if you are eligible for this feature.

**Paperless Legal Program**

Transamerica may accept requests to transfer or redeem accounts having an original signature guarantee without the necessity to include additional legal documentation. The shareholder should contact their signature guarantor regarding all documentation that may be required to obtain an original signature guarantee.

**E-Mail Communication**

As e-mail communications may not be secure, and because we are unable to take reasonable precautions to verify your shareholder and transaction information, we cannot respond to account-specific requests received via e-mail. For your protection, we ask that all account-specific requests be submitted only via telephone, mail or fax.

**Statements and Reports**

Transamerica Funds will send you a confirmation statement after every transaction that affects your account balance or registration, with the exception of systematic transactions or transactions necessary to assess account fees. Systematic transactions and fees will be shown on your next regularly scheduled quarterly statement. Information regarding these fees is disclosed in this prospectus. Please review the confirmation statement carefully and promptly notify Transamerica Funds of any error. Information about the tax status of the prior year's income dividends and capital gains distributions will be mailed to shareholders early each year.

Please retain your statements. If you require historical statements, Transamerica Funds may charge $10 per statement year up to a maximum of $50 per Social Security Number. Financial reports for the funds, which include a list of the holdings, will be mailed twice a year to all shareholders.

**Right to Terminate or Suspend Account Privileges**

A fund may, in its discretion, limit or terminate trading activity by any person, group or account that it believes would be disruptive, even if the activity has not exceeded the policy described in this prospectus. As part of the fund's policy to detect and deter frequent purchases, redemptions and exchanges, the fund may review and consider the history of frequent trading activity in all accounts in the Transamerica Funds known to be under common ownership or control. The fund may send a written warning to a shareholder that it believes may be engaging in disruptive or excessive trading activity; however, the fund reserves the right to suspend or terminate the ability to purchase or exchange shares, with or without warning, for any account that the fund determines, in the exercise of its discretion, has engaged in such trading activity.

**Market Timing/Excessive Trading**

Some investors try to profit from various short-term or frequent trading strategies known as market timing. Examples of market timing include switching money into funds when their share prices are expected to rise and taking money out when their share prices are expected to fall, and switching from one fund to another and then back again after a short period of time. As money is shifted in and out, a fund may incur expenses for buying and selling securities. Excessive purchases, redemptions or exchanges of fund shares may disrupt portfolio management, hurt fund performance and drive fund expenses higher. For example, a fund may be forced to liquidate investments as a result of short-term trading and incur increased brokerage costs or realize capital gains without attaining any investment advantage. These costs are generally borne by all shareholders, including long-term investors who do not generate these costs.

The Board of Trustees has approved policies and procedures that are designed to discourage market timing or excessive trading, which include limitations on the number of transactions in fund shares. If you intend to engage in such practices, we request that you do not purchase shares of any of the funds. Each fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase shares, including purchases in connection with an exchange transaction, which the fund reasonably believes to be in connection with market timing or excessive trading.

------

However, because the shares of the funds may be sold to strategic asset allocation funds, other investors (including institutional investors such as foreign insurers, domestic insurance companies, and their separate accounts), and eligible retirement plans whose recordkeepers or financial service firm intermediaries have entered into agreements with Transamerica Funds or its agents, the funds' policies and procedures to discourage market timing or excessive trading are enforced by those entities, as appropriate, rather than the funds. In addition, transactions by certain institutional investors, such as asset allocators, wrap programs, other advisory programs and non-Transamerica fund of funds products, may be excepted by the funds' Chief Compliance Officer from the transaction limit set forth in the funds' policies and procedures.

Additional information about the strategic asset allocation funds' policies and procedures are available in the prospectus of the strategic asset allocation funds. Furthermore, reallocations in the funds by a strategic asset allocation fund in furtherance of a fund's investment objective are not considered to be market timing or excessive trading.

Orders to purchase, redeem or exchange shares forwarded by accounts maintained on behalf of institutional investors or insurers (for example, separate accounts of insurance companies) with respect to their accounts with Transamerica Funds will not be considered to be market timing or excessive trading for purposes of Transamerica Funds' policies. However, the market timing and excessive trading policies of these investors/insurers (or their accounts) may apply to transactions by persons who, in turn, invest through these investors/insurers (or through their accounts).

**Additional Information**

This prospectus and the SAI provide information concerning the funds that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of a fund. A fund may make changes to this information from time to time. Each fund's investment strategies and policies may be changed from time to time without shareholder approval, unless specifically stated otherwise in this prospectus or in the SAI.

A fund that has a policy of investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in the particular type of securities suggested by its name will provide its shareholders with at least 60 days' prior written notice before making changes to such policy. Such notice will comply with the conditions set forth in any applicable SEC rules then in effect.

Neither this prospectus nor the SAI is intended to give rise to any contract rights or other rights of any shareholder, other than rights conferred by federal or state securities laws.

The funds enter into contractual arrangements with various parties, including the funds' investment manager, who provides services to the funds. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or "third party") beneficiaries of those contractual arrangements.

To the extent authorized by law, the funds reserve the right to discontinue offering shares at any time, to merge or liquidate a class of shares or to cease operations entirely.

**Abandoned or Unclaimed Property**

Every state has unclaimed property laws that generally provide for escheatment to the state of unclaimed property under various circumstances. In addition to the state unclaimed property laws, we may be required to escheat property pursuant to regulatory demand, finding, agreement or settlement. To help prevent such escheatment, it is important that you keep your contact and other information on file with us up to date, including the names, contact information and identifying information for customers, beneficiaries and other payees. Such updates should be communicated in a form and manner satisfactory to us. Individual states may have their own requirements. For more information regarding escheatment and unclaimed property in your state, ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website.

**Sending Forms and Transaction Requests in Good Order**

We cannot process your requests for transactions relating to the funds until they are received in good order. "Good order" means the actual receipt of the instructions relating to the requested transaction in writing (or, when appropriate, by telephone or electronically), along with all forms, information and supporting legal documentation necessary to effect the transaction. This information and documentation generally includes, to the extent applicable to the transaction: your completed application; the transaction amount (in dollars, shares or percentage terms); the names, fund and account number(s) and allocations to and/or from the fund accounts affected by the requested transaction; the signatures of all owners (exactly as registered on the account) if necessary; Social Security Number or Taxpayer I.D.; and any other information or supporting documentation that we may require, including any spousal or joint owner's consents and signature guarantees. With respect to purchase requests, "good order" also generally includes receipt of sufficient funds to effect any purchase. We may, in our sole discretion, determine whether any particular transaction request is in good order, and we reserve the right to change or waive any good order requirements at any time. "Received" or receipt in good order generally means that everything necessary must be received by the funds, at our mailing address specified in this prospectus. We reserve the right to reject electronic transactions that do not meet our requirements.

------

**Pricing of Shares**

**How Share Price Is Determined**

The price at which shares are purchased or redeemed is the NAV, plus any applicable sales charge, that is next calculated following receipt and acceptance of a purchase order in good order or receipt of a redemption order in good order by the fund, an authorized intermediary, or the mail processing center located in Kansas City, Missouri.

**When Share Price Is Determined**

The NAV of each fund (or class thereof) is determined on each day the NYSE is open for business as of the scheduled close of regular trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). If the NYSE closes at another time, each fund will calculate a NAV for each class of shares as of the scheduled closing time. The NAV is not determined on days when the NYSE is closed (generally New Year's Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas). Foreign securities may trade in their primary markets on weekends or other days when a fund does not price its shares (therefore, the value of a fund's foreign securities may change on days when shareholders will not be able to buy or sell shares of the funds). These securities will be valued pursuant to the funds' Pricing and Valuation procedures for such securities.

Purchase orders received in good order and accepted, and redemption orders received in good order, as of the scheduled close of regular trading of the NYSE, usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, receive the NAV determined as of the close of the NYSE that day. Purchase and redemption requests received after the NYSE is closed receive the NAV determined as of the close of the NYSE the next day the NYSE is open.

For investments in separate accounts of insurance companies that invest in Class I2 shares of the funds, orders for Class I2 shares will be placed after the receipt and acceptance of the investment in the insurance company separate account.

**How NAV Is Calculated**

The NAV of each fund (or class thereof) is calculated by taking the value of its net assets and dividing by the number of shares of the fund (or class) that are then outstanding.

The value of a fund's securities and other assets for purposes of determining the fund's NAV is determined pursuant to valuation procedures of the funds and TAM. TAM has been designated as the funds' valuation designee with responsibility for fair valuation subject to oversight by the funds' Board. TAM has formed a valuation committee to assist with its designated responsibilities as valuation designee (the "Valuation Committee").

In general, securities and other investments are valued based on prices at the close of regular trading on the NYSE.

Equity securities, swaps, and options listed or traded on securities exchanges (except for the securities traded on NASDAQ/NMS), including ETFs, dollar-denominated foreign securities and ADRs, are normally valued at the closing price on the exchange or system where the security is principally traded. With respect to securities traded on the NASDAQ/NMS, such closing price will generally be the NASDAQ Official Closing Price ("NOCP").

The market price for debt obligations (except short-term obligations that will mature in 60 days or less) and for swaps that are not traded on a securities exchange is generally the price supplied by an independent third-party pricing service, which may use market prices or quotations or a variety of fair value techniques and methodologies to identify the market value of the security or instrument.

Short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investment's fair value.

Foreign securities are generally priced as described above for the particular type of security (*i.e.*, equity securities or debt securities). The prices for foreign securities are converted from the local currency into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates.

Market quotations for securities prices may be obtained from automated pricing services.

Shares of open-end funds (other than ETF shares) are generally valued at the NAV reported by that investment company.

ETF shares are normally valued at the most recent sale price or official closing price on the exchange on which they are traded.

When an authorized pricing service does not provide a price or the price provided is believed by the Valuation Committee to be unreliable, the value of that security may be determined using quotations from one or more broker-dealers. When such a price or quotation for a security is not readily available, or is believed by the Valuation Committee to be unreliable, then the Valuation Committee will fair value such fund investment, in good faith, in accordance with fair valuation procedures.

------

The types of securities for which such fair value pricing may be required include, but are not limited to: foreign securities, where a significant event occurs after the close of the foreign market on which such security principally trades that is likely to have changed the value of such security, or the closing value is otherwise deemed unreliable; securities of an issuer that has entered into a restructuring; securities whose trading has been halted or suspended; fixed-income securities that have gone into default and for which there is no current market value quotation; and securities that are restricted as to transfer or resale. The funds use a fair value model developed by an independent third party pricing service to price foreign equity securities on days when there is a certain percentage change in the value of a domestic equity security index, as such percentage may be determined by TAM from time to time.

Valuing securities in accordance with fair valuation procedures involves greater reliance on judgment than valuing securities based on readily available market quotations. The Valuation Committee makes fair value determinations in good faith in accordance with the valuation procedures. Fair value determinations can also involve reliance on quantitative models employed by a fair value pricing service. There can be no assurance that a fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the fund determines its NAV.

The prices that a fund uses may differ from the amounts that would be realized if the investments were sold and the differences could be significant, particularly for securities that trade in relatively thin markets and/or markets that experience extreme volatility.

**Distribution of Shares**

**Distributor**

Transamerica Capital, Inc. ("TCI"), located at 1801 California Street, Suite 5200, Denver, CO 80202, underwrites and distributes all classes of fund shares and bears the expenses of offering these shares to the public. TCI is an affiliate of the investment manager and the funds.

**Other Distribution and Service Arrangements**

TCI, TAM and their affiliates may enter into arrangements with affiliated entities that provide administrative, recordkeeping and other services with respect to one or more of the funds. Payment for these services is made by TCI, TAM and their affiliates out of past profits and other available sources and may take the form of internal credit, recognition or cash payments. TCI, TAM and their affiliates may also enter into similar arrangements with unaffiliated entities.

TCI engages in wholesaling activities designed to support, maintain, and increase the number of financial intermediaries who sell shares of the funds. Wholesaling activities include, but are not limited to, recommending and promoting, directly or through intermediaries, the funds to financial intermediaries and providing sales training, retail broker support and other services. Payment for these activities is made by TCI, TAM and their affiliates out of past profits and other available sources, including revenue sharing payments from others.

TCI (in connection with, or in addition to, wholesaling services), TAM and fund sub-advisers, directly or through TCI, out of their past profits and other available sources, typically provide cash payments or non-cash compensation to unaffiliated brokers and other financial intermediaries who have sold shares of the funds, promote the distribution of the funds or render investor services to fund shareholders. Such payments and compensation are in addition to the sales charges, Rule 12b-1 Plan fees, service fees and other fees that may be paid, directly or indirectly, to such brokers and other financial intermediaries. These arrangements are sometimes referred to as "revenue sharing" arrangements. The amount of revenue sharing payments is substantial, may be substantial to any given recipient and may exceed the costs and expenses incurred by the recipient for any fund-related distribution or shareholder servicing activities. The presence of these payments and the basis on which an intermediary compensates its registered representatives or salespersons may create an incentive for a particular intermediary, registered representative or salesperson to highlight, feature or recommend the funds, at least in part, based on the level of compensation paid. Revenue sharing arrangements are separately negotiated. Revenue sharing payments are not an additional charge to the funds.

Such additional cash payments may be made to brokers and other financial intermediaries that provide services to the funds and/or fund shareholders, including (without limitation) shareholder servicing, marketing support and/or access to meetings and/or events, sales representatives and management representatives of the broker or other financial intermediaries. Cash compensation may also be paid to brokers and other financial intermediaries for inclusion of a fund on a sales list or mutual fund trading platform, including a preferred or select sales list or trading platform, in other sales programs, or as an expense reimbursement or compensation in cases where the broker or other financial intermediary provides services to fund shareholders. To the extent permitted by applicable law, TCI and other parties may pay or allow other incentives and compensation to brokers and other financial intermediaries. TCI, TAM and the other parties making these payments generally assess the advisability of continuing making these payments periodically. These cash payments may take a variety of forms, including (without limitation), annual flat fees, reimbursement of ticket charges, additional compensation based on sales, on-going fees for shareholder servicing and maintenance of investor accounts, and finder's fees that vary depending on the fund or share class and the dollar amount of shares sold. Revenue sharing payments can be calculated: (i) as a

------

percentage of gross or net sales for a particular period; (ii) as a percentage of gross or net assets under management; (iii) as a fixed or negotiated flat fee dollar amount; or (iv) based on a combination of any of these methods. During 2022, in general, payments calculated as a percentage of sales ranged from [ ] basis point [(__%)] to [ ] basis points [(___%)], payments calculated as a percentage of assets under management ranged from [ ] basis points [(___%) to [ ] basis points [(___%)], and flat annual fees ranged from $[ ] to $[ ], which included at times payments for a series of meetings and/or events of other broker-dealers and banks.

As of December 31, 2022, TCI had revenue sharing agreements with more than [ ] brokers and other financial intermediaries including, without limitation: [Advisor Group, Inc.; Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc.; Avantax Investment Services Inc.; AXA Advisors LLC/AXA Network; BBVA Securities, Inc.; BOSC, Inc.; Bruderman Brothers; Cabot Lodge Securities LLC; Cadaret, Grant & Co.; Cambridge Investment Research; Centaurus Financial, Inc.; Cetera Financial Group, Inc.; CFD Investments, Inc.; Charles Schwab; Citigroup Global Markets, Inc.; Citizens Securities Inc.; CUSO Financial; D.A. Davidson & Co., Inc.; Edward Jones; Equitable Network, LLC; Equity Services, Inc.; Fidelity Investments; Financial Data Services, Inc.; FSC Securities Corporation; Geneos Wealth Management; GW Sherwold Associates, Inc.; Hantz Financial Services, Inc.;; Huntington Investment Company; Independent Financial Group; Investacorp, Inc.; Infinex Investments, Inc.; James T. Borello & Co.; Janney Montgomery Scott; J.P. Morgan Securities LLC; Kestra Investment Services; KMS Financial Services Inc.; LPL Financial Corp.; Merrill Lynch; Morgan Stanley Smith Barney; M&T Securities Inc.; MML Investors Services; Mutual of Omaha Investor Services Inc.; National Financial Services, Inc.; Next Financial; National Planning Corp.; Oppenheimer & Co.; Park Avenue Securities; Parkland Securities, LLC; Pershing LLC; Pursche Kaplan Sterling Financial; Raymond James and Associates, Inc.; Raymond James Financial Services, Inc.; RBC Wealth Management; Royal Alliance Associates, Inc.; Sagepoint Financial Inc.; Securian Financial Services; Securities America, Inc.; Securities Service Network, Inc.; Sigma Financial Corporation; Stifel Nicolaus & Company Inc.; Suntrust Investment Services, Inc.; TD Ameritrade; Transamerica Financial Advisors, Inc.; UBS Financial Services, Inc.; United Planners Financial Services of America; US Bancorp Investments, Inc.; Voya Financial Advisors, Inc.; Waddell Reed; Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC; Wentworth Financial Partners; and Woodbury Financial Services] – TO BE UPDATED. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2022, TCI paid approximately $[ ] million to these brokers and other financial intermediaries in connection with revenue sharing arrangements. TCI expects to have revenue sharing arrangements with a number of brokers and other financial intermediaries in 2023, including some or all of the foregoing brokers and financial intermediaries, among others, on terms similar to those discussed above.

For the calendar year ended December 31, 2022, TCI and its affiliates did not receive any revenue sharing payments from firms that pay revenue to participate in TCI sponsored events.

As of December 31, 2022, TAM made revenue sharing payments to approximately [ ] financial intermediaries with respect to the funds, the most sizeable of which were to [TCI and Transamerica Life Insurance Company]. For the same period, TAM did not receive any revenue sharing payments from financial services firms.

TAM also serves as investment manager to certain funds of funds that are underlying investment options for Transamerica insurance products. TCI and its affiliates make revenue sharing payments to, or receive revenue sharing payments from, affiliates of certain underlying unaffiliated funds within Transamerica insurance products for the provision of services to investors and distribution activities. These amounts are in addition to any revenue sharing programs described above with respect to mutual fund distributors. A financial intermediary may receive both mutual fund-related and insurance-related revenue sharing payments.

In addition, while TCI typically pays most of the sales charge applicable to the sale of fund shares to brokers and other financial intermediaries through which purchases are made, TCI may, on occasion, pay the entire sales charge. (Additional information about payments of sales charges to brokers is available in the section titled "Dealer Reallowances" of the SAI.)

As of the date of this prospectus, TAM has agreed to pay Universal Life Insurance Company ("Universal Life") a fee equal, on an annual basis, to 0.25% of the average daily net assets attributable to investments by Universal Life's separate accounts in the Class I2 shares of the funds for administrative and other services provided or procured by Universal Life in connection with such investments in the funds. Investors may be able to obtain more information about these arrangements from their financial intermediaries.

From time to time, TCI, its affiliates and/or TAM and/or fund sub-advisers may also, to the extent permitted by applicable law, pay non-cash compensation or revenue sharing to brokers and other financial intermediaries and their sales representatives in the form of, for example: (i) occasional gifts or prizes; (ii) occasional meals, tickets or other entertainment; and/or (iii) ad hoc sponsorship support of broker marketing events, programs, sales contests, promotions or other activities. Such non-cash compensation may also include, in part, assistance with the costs and expenses associated with travel, lodging, and educational sales and promotional meetings, seminars, programs and conferences, entertainment and meals to the extent permitted by law. TCI and TAM may also make payments in connection with the sponsorship by Transamerica or its affiliates of special events which may be attended by brokers and other financial intermediaries. Such non-cash compensation is in addition to the overall revenue sharing arrangements described above.

The non-cash compensation to sales representatives and compensation or reimbursement received by brokers and other financial intermediaries through sales charges, other fees payable from the funds, and/or revenue sharing arrangements for selling shares of the funds may be more or less than the overall compensation or reimbursement on similar or other products and may influence your broker

------

or other financial intermediary to present and recommend the funds over other investment options available in the marketplace. In addition, depending on the arrangements in place at any particular time, your broker or other financial intermediary may have a financial incentive for recommending a particular class of fund shares over other share classes.

Shareholders may obtain more information about these arrangements, including the conflicts of interests that such arrangements may create, from their brokers and other financial intermediaries, and should so inquire if they would like additional information. Intermediaries may categorize and disclose these arrangements to their clients and to members of the public in a manner different from the disclosures in this prospectus and the SAI. A shareholder should ask his/her broker or financial intermediary how he/she will be compensated for investments made in the funds. Revenue sharing payments, as well as payments under the shareholder services and distribution plan (where applicable), also benefit TAM, TCI and their affiliates and fund sub-advisers to the extent the payments result in more assets being invested in the funds on which fees are being charged.

Although a fund may use financial firms that sell fund shares to effect transactions for the fund's portfolio, the fund and its investment manager or sub-adviser will not consider the sale of fund shares as a factor when choosing financial firms to effect those transactions.

**Distributions and Taxes**

**Dividends and Distributions** 

Each fund intends to distribute all or substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains, if any, to its shareholders each year. Dividends will be reinvested in additional shares unless you elect to take your dividends in cash. Each fund generally pays any distributions of net capital gains annually.

Each fund generally pays any dividends from net investment income annually.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Board of Trustees of Transamerica Funds has delegated authority to TAM to change the frequency with which dividends are declared and paid by a fund, including if a fund does not have any income to distribute, and to declare and make payments of long-term capital gains with respect to a fund as permitted or required by law or in order to avoid tax penalties. Further, each fund reserves the right to change its dividend distribution policy at the discretion of the Board of Trustees.

**Taxes on Distributions in General**

A fund will not generally have to pay income tax on amounts it distributes to shareholders. Shareholders will generally be taxed on distributions (other than exempt-interest dividends paid by Transamerica High Yield Muni and Transamerica Intermediate Muni and any distributions treated as a return of capital) whether such distributions are paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares.

The following are guidelines for how certain distributions by a fund are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders under current federal income tax law:

• Distributions of net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) will be taxed as long-term capital gains, generally at reduced rates, regardless of how long the shareholders have held their shares. Certain capital gain dividends attributable to dividends received from U.S. REITs may be taxable to noncorporate shareholders at a rate other than the generally applicable reduced rates.

• Distributions reported as paid from a fund's "qualified dividend income" may be taxable to shareholders as qualified dividend income at reduced rates. Qualified dividend income generally is income derived from certain dividends from U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that a fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations will be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. A shareholder (and the fund in which the shareholder invests) will have to satisfy certain holding period requirements in order for the shareholder to obtain the benefit of the tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income.

• Distributions from tax-exempt interest income earned by Transamerica High Yield Muni and Transamerica Intermediate Muni, called "exempt-interest dividends," are exempt from regular federal income tax and, in general, are not tax preference items for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax (the "AMT").

• Distributions in excess of a fund's earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the shareholder's basis in his or her fund shares, and as a capital gain thereafter (assuming the shareholder holds the shares as capital assets). A distribution treated as a return of capital will not be taxable currently but will reduce the shareholder's tax basis in his or her shares, which will generally increase the gain (or decrease the loss) that will be recognized on a subsequent sale or exchange of the shares.

• Other distributions generally will be taxed at ordinary income tax rates.

------

A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount. This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates or trusts. For these purposes, dividends (other than exempt-interest dividends), interest, and certain capital gains are generally taken into account in computing a shareholder's net investment income.

If a fund declares a dividend in October, November, or December, payable to shareholders of record in such a month, and pays it in the following January, shareholders will be taxed on the dividend as if they received it in the year in which it was declared.

Each fund in which you invest will send you a tax report annually summarizing the amount and tax aspects of your distributions. If you buy shares of a fund shortly before it makes a taxable distribution (other than, in general, regular monthly distributions paid by funds that declare dividends daily), the distribution will be generally taxable to you even though it may effectively represent a return of a portion of your investment. This is known as "buying a dividend."

Investors who invest through tax-deferred accounts, such as IRAs, 403(b) accounts, and qualified retirement plans, will ordinarily not be subject to tax until a distribution is made from the account, at which time such distribution is generally taxed as ordinary income, even if the distribution is wholly or in part attributable to exempt-interest dividends received by the tax-deferred account. These accounts are subject to complex tax rules, and tax-deferred account investors should therefore consult their tax advisers regarding their investments in a tax-deferred account.

**Taxes on the Sale or Exchange of Shares**

If you sell shares of a fund or exchange them for shares of another fund, you generally will have a capital gain or loss, which will generally be a long-term capital gain or loss if you held the shares for more than one year; otherwise it will generally be a short-term capital gain or loss.

Any loss recognized on shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gain that were received with respect to the shares.

Any gain or loss on the sale or exchange of shares is computed by subtracting your tax basis in the shares from the redemption proceeds in the case of a sale or the value of the shares received in the case of an exchange. Because your tax basis depends on the original purchase price, on the price at which any dividends may have been reinvested, and on the amount of any distributions treated as returns of capital for federal income tax purposes, you should be sure to keep account statements so that you or your tax return preparer will be able to determine whether a sale will result in a taxable gain or loss.

**Withholding Taxes**

A fund in which you invest may be required to apply backup withholding of U.S. federal income tax on all distributions payable to you (including exempt-interest dividends) if you fail to provide the funds with your correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or if you have been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") that you are subject to backup withholding.

The backup withholding rate is currently 24%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax, but is a method by which the IRS ensures that it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax applicable to shareholders that are not U.S. persons.

**Non-Resident Alien Withholding**

Dividends and certain other payments (but not distributions of net capital gains or exempt-interest dividends) to persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States or U.S. entities ("Non-U.S. Persons") are generally subject to U.S. tax withholding at the rate of 30%. The 30% withholding described in this paragraph will not be imposed on any dividends reported as interest-related dividends or as short-term capital gain dividends. Each fund intends to withhold U.S. federal income tax at the rate of 30% on taxable distributions and other payments to Non-U.S. Persons that are subject to withholding, regardless of whether a lower rate may be permitted under an applicable treaty.

If you are a Non-U.S. Person, you must provide a U.S. mailing address to establish an account unless your broker-dealer firm submits your account through the National Securities Clearing Corporation. Your broker-dealer will be required to submit a foreign certification form. Investors changing a mailing address to a non-U.S. address will be required to have a foreign certification form completed by their broker-dealer and returned to us before future purchases can be accepted. Additionally, those shareholders will need to provide an appropriate tax form (e.g., Form W-8BEN) and documentary evidence and letter of explanation.

------

Unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold fund shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to fund distributions (but not distributions of exempt-interest dividends) payable to such entities. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

**Other Tax Information**

This tax discussion is for general information only. In addition to federal income taxes, you may be subject to state, local or foreign taxes on payments received from, and investments made in shares of, a fund. More information is provided in the SAI of the funds. You should also consult your own tax adviser for information regarding all tax consequences applicable to your investments in the funds.

------

**Financial Highlights**

Financial highlights are not shown as the funds had not commenced operations as of the date of this prospectus.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]

------

**Both the investment returns and principal value of mutual funds will fluctuate over time so that shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost.**

Transamerica Funds <br>1801 California Street, Suite 5200 <br>Denver, CO 80202 <br>Customer Service: 1-888-233-4339

Shareholder inquiries and transaction requests should be mailed to: <br>Transamerica Fund Services, Inc. <br>P.O. Box 219945 <br>Kansas City, MO 64121-9945

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION about these funds is contained in the Statement of Additional Information dated [March 1, 2023], as may be further supplemented or revised from time to time, and in the annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. The Statement of Additional Information is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Information about the funds (including the Statement of Additional Information) has been filed with and is available from the SEC. Copies of this information may be obtained upon payment of a duplication fee or by electronic request at the following e-mail address, publicinfo@sec.gov. Reports and other information about the funds are also available on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov.

To obtain a copy of the Statement of Additional Information or the annual and semi-annual reports (when available), without charge, or to request other information or make other inquiries about the funds, call or write to Transamerica Funds at the phone number or address above or visit Transamerica Funds website at www.transamerica.com. In the Transamerica Funds annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the funds' performance during the last fiscal year. Additional information about the funds' investments is available in the funds' annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders (when available).

Each fund's most recently calculated net asset value per share is available on our website at www.transamerica.com.

www.transamerica.com <br> Sales Support: 1-800-851-7555 <br>Distributor: Transamerica Capital, Inc.

The Investment Company Act File Number for Transamerica Funds is 811-04556.

------

Transamerica Funds

Statement of Additional Information <br>**[March 31, 2023]** 

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A**<br> **Ticker**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Class C**<br> **Ticker**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Class I**<br> **Ticker**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Class I2**<br> **Ticker**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Class R6**<br> **Ticker**<br>|
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | [ ] | - | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] |
| Transamerica Long Credit | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | - | [ ] |
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | [ ] | - | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] |
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond | [ ] | [ ] | [ ] | - | [ ] |

---

Each fund with "None" listed above indicates that share class does not have a ticker symbol. Each fund with "–" listed for a share class above indicates that share class is not currently offered by the fund.

Each of the funds listed above is a series of Transamerica Funds. This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus, and should be read in conjunction with the funds' prospectuses dated [March 31, 2023], as they may be supplemented or revised from time to time.

This SAI is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the prospectus(es). The prospectus(es) and this SAI may be obtained free of charge by writing or calling the funds at the below address or toll-free telephone number. This SAI sets forth information that may be of interest to shareholders, but that is not necessarily included in the prospectus(es). Additional information about the funds' investments is available in the funds' Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders, which may be obtained free of charge by writing or calling the funds at the below address or telephone number. The Annual Reports (when available) contain financial statements that are incorporated herein by reference.

**Investment Manager: Transamerica Asset Management, Inc.**

1801 California Street, Suite 5200, Denver, CO 80202

Customer Service (888) 233-4339 (toll free)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.**

------

**TABLE OF CONTENTS** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page**  |
| [General Description of the Trust and the Funds](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_1)  | 1  |
| [Investment Objectives, Policies, Practices and Associated Risk Factors](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_1)  | 1  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Investment Policies](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_1)  | 1  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Additional Information Regarding Investment Practices](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_3)  | 3  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Portfolio Turnover](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_34)  | 34  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_34)  | 34  |
| [Management of the Trust](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_37)  | 37  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Board Members and Officers](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_37)  | 37  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Trustee Ownership of Equity Securities](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_44)  | 44  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Trustee Compensation](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_44)  | 44  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Shareholder Communication Procedures with the Board of Trustees](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_45)  | 45  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Code of Ethics](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_45)  | 45  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_45)  | 45  |
| [Investment Management and Other Services](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_46)  | 46  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [The Investment Manager](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_46)  | 46  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Conflicts of Interest](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_48)  | 48  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Sub-Advisers](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_51)  | 51  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Portfolio Manager Information](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_52)  | 52  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Transfer Agent](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_52)  | 52  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Custodian](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_53)  | 53  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Securities Lending Activities](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_53)  | 53  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_53)  | 53  |
| [Distributor and Distribution Plan](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_53)  | 53  |
| [Dealer Reallowances](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_56)  | 56  |
| [Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_57)  | 57  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Purchase of Shares](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_57)  | 57  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Retirement Plans](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_59)  | 59  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Redemption of Shares](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_59)  | 59  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [Net Asset Valuation ("NAV") Determination](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_60)  | 60  |
| [Brokerage](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_61)  | 61  |
| [Principal Shareholders and Control Persons](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_63)  | 63  |
| [Further Information About the Trust and the Funds](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_64)  | 64  |
| [Dividends and Other Distributions](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_66)  | 66  |
| [Taxes](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_66)  | 66  |
| [Financial Statements](#xx_9c0712f6-cf69-4bbd-b796-93b80bf8199d_73)  | 73  |
| [Appendix A – Proxy Voting Policies](#xx_cd3007eb-9b17-4917-ab0f-f1e8de86aece_1)  | A-1  |
| [Appendix B – Portfolio Managers](#xx_a1a4dae2-2321-4811-8e7d-370956c38fc2_1)  | B-1  |
| [Appendix C – Securities Lending Activities](#xx_c63c3e32-4874-4651-a42d-eb201c0592c2_1)  | C-1  |

---

------

**General Description of the Trust and the Funds**

Transamerica Funds (the "Trust") is an open-end management investment company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"). Shares of the Trust are currently divided into separate series (each a "fund" or together, the "funds") described herein. Each fund offers one or more classes. The Trust may create additional series and classes from time to time.

The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on February 25, 2005. Prior to March 1, 2008, the Trust's name was Transamerica IDEX Mutual Funds. The Trust is the successor to a Massachusetts business trust named Transamerica IDEX Mutual Funds.

Each fund is classified as diversified under the 1940 Act, except for Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity, which is classified as non-diversified.

Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM" or the "Investment Manager") is the investment manager for each fund.

The funds have not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI and, as such, there is no historical information for the fiscal years ended prior to the date of this SAI.

**Investment Objectives, Policies, Practices and Associated Risk Factors**

The investment objective of each fund and the strategies each fund employs to achieve its objective are described in each fund's prospectus. There can be no assurance that a fund will achieve its objective.

As indicated in each prospectus in the sections entitled "More on Each Fund's Strategies and Investments" and "Features and Policies - Additional Information," each fund's investment objective and, unless otherwise noted in the prospectus or in this SAI, its investment policies and techniques may be changed by the funds' Board of Trustees (the "Board") without approval of shareholders. A change in the investment objective or policies of a fund may result in the fund having an investment objective or policies different from those which a shareholder deemed appropriate at the time of investment.

**Investment Policies**

**Fundamental Investment Policies**

Fundamental investment policies of each fund may not be changed without the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund, defined under the 1940 Act as the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the voting securities of the fund present at a shareholder meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the fund are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the fund.

Each fund has adopted, except as otherwise noted, the following fundamental policies:

**1. Borrowing**

The fund may not borrow money, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.

**2. Underwriting Securities**

The fund may not engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers except as permitted by the 1940 Act.

**3. Making Loans**

The fund may make loans only as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.

**4. Senior Securities**

The fund may not issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted from time to time by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.

**5. Real Estate**

The fund may not purchase or sell real estate except as permitted by the 1940 Act.

**6. Commodities**

The fund may not purchase physical commodities or contracts relating to physical commodities, except as permitted from time to time under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction.

**7. Concentration of Investments**

The fund may not make any investment if, as a result, the fund's investments will be concentrated in any one industry, as the relevant terms are used in the 1940 Act, as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time.

------

Solely for purposes of the above fundamental investment policies, the "1940 Act" shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time, or other successor law governing the regulation of investment companies, or interpretations or modifications thereof by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), SEC staff or other authority, or exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

**Additional Information about Fundamental Investment Policies**

The following provides additional information about each fund's fundamental investment policies. This information does not form part of the funds' fundamental investment policies.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (1) above, the 1940 Act permits a fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund's total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to 5% of the fund's total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes (the fund's total assets include the amounts being borrowed). To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires the fund to maintain at all times an "asset coverage" of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of the fund's total assets (including amounts borrowed), minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. In accordance with Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act, when a fund engages in reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions, the fund may either (i) maintain asset coverage of at least 300% with respect to such transactions and any other borrowings in the aggregate, or (ii) treat such transactions as "derivative transactions" under Rule 18f-4 and comply with Rule 18f-4 with respect to such transactions.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth in (2) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers; in fact, the 1940 Act permits a fund to have underwriting commitments of up to 25% of its assets under certain circumstances. Those circumstances currently are that the amount of the fund's underwriting commitments, when added to the value of the fund's investments in issuers where the fund owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of those issuers, cannot exceed the 25% cap. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"). Under the 1933 Act, an underwriter may be liable for material omissions or misstatements in an issuer's registration statement or prospectus. Securities purchased from an issuer and not registered for sale under the 1933 Act are considered restricted securities. If these securities are registered under the 1933 Act, they may then be eligible for sale but participating in the sale may subject the seller to underwriter liability. Although it is not believed that the application of the 1933 Act provisions described above would cause a fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy in (2) above will be interpreted not to prevent the fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth in (3) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from making loans; however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets. Each fund will be permitted by this policy to make loans of money, including to other funds, portfolio securities or other assets. Each fund has obtained exemptive relief from the SEC to make short term loans to other Transamerica funds through a credit facility in order to satisfy redemption requests or to cover unanticipated cash shortfalls; as discussed below under "Additional Information - Interfund Lending". The conditions of the SEC exemptive order permitting interfund lending are designed to minimize the risks associated with interfund lending, however no lending activity is without risk.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (4) above, "senior securities" are defined as fund obligations that have a priority over the fund's shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of fund assets. The 1940 Act prohibits a fund from issuing senior securities, except that the fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund's total assets from banks for any purpose. A fund also may borrow up to 5% of the fund's total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes, and these borrowings are not considered senior securities. The issuance of senior securities by a fund can increase the speculative character of the fund's outstanding shares through leveraging.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to real estate set forth in (5) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning real estate; however, a fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. To the extent that investments in real estate are considered illiquid, rules under the 1940 Act generally limit a fund's purchases of illiquid investments to 15% of net assets. The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent a fund from investing in real estate-related companies, companies whose businesses consist in whole or in part of investing in real estate, mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") instruments (like mortgages) that are secured by real estate or interests therein, or real estate investment trust securities. Investing in real estate may involve risks, including that real estate is generally considered illiquid and may be difficult to value and sell. In addition, owners of real estate may be subject to various liabilities, including environmental liabilities.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to commodities set forth in (6) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning commodities, whether physical commodities and contracts related to physical commodities (such as oil or grains and related futures contracts), or financial commodities and contracts related to financial commodities (such as currencies and, possibly, currency futures). However, a fund is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. To the extent that investments in commodities are considered illiquid, rules under the 1940 Act generally limit a fund's purchases of illiquid investments to 15% of net assets.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (7) above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes "concentration" in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund's total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that

------

interpretations of concentration could change in the future. The policy in (7) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities; tax-exempt securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions (excluding private activity municipal securities backed principally by non-governmental issuers); and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers based solely on their domicile in a single jurisdiction or country as an issuer's domicile will not be considered an industry for purposes of the policy. A type of investment (e.g., equity securities, fixed-income securities, investment companies, etc.) will not be considered to be an industry under the policy. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to a fund as to how to reasonably classify issuers within or among industries. For purposes of determining compliance with its concentration policy, each fund will consider the holdings of any underlying Transamerica-sponsored mutual funds in which the fund invests. The funds intend to comply with the SEC staff's view that securities issued by a foreign government constitute a single industry for purposes of calculating applicable limits on concentration.

The funds' fundamental policies are written and will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC, its staff and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the practice will be considered to be permitted if either the 1940 Act permits the practice or the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.

Except for the fundamental policy on borrowing set forth in (1) above, if any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage resulting from a change in values or assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction.

The investment practices described above involve risks. Please see your funds' prospectus(es) and this SAI for a description of certain of these risks.

**Non-Fundamental Policies** 

The funds have adopted the following non-fundamental policies, which may be changed by the Board of the Trust without shareholder approval.

**1.** **Illiquid investments** 

The funds may not purchase any investment if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in illiquid investments.

**2.** **Purchasing securities on margin** 

The funds may not purchase securities on margin except to obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions, provided that margin payments and other deposits made in connection with transactions in options, futures contracts, swaps, forward contracts and other derivative instruments shall not constitute purchasing securities on margin.

**3.** **Underlying funds in funds-of-funds investment limitation** 

The funds may not acquire any securities of registered open-end investment companies or registered unit investment trusts in reliance on the provisions of Section 12(d)(1)(F) or Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. This policy does not prevent a fund from investing in securities of registered open-end investment companies or registered unit investment trusts in reliance on any other provision of applicable law or regulation.

Except for the fundamental policy on borrowing set forth in (1) above, if any percentage restriction described above is complied with at the time of an investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage resulting from a change in values or assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction.

The investment practices described above involve risks. Please see your fund's prospectus(es) and this SAI for a description of certain of these risks.

**Additional Information Regarding Investment Practices**

Each fund's principal investment strategies are set forth in its prospectus. This section further explains policies and strategies utilized by the funds.

Please refer to each fund's prospectus and investment restrictions for the policies and strategies pertinent to a particular fund.

Unless otherwise indicated, all limitations applicable to fund investments (as stated in the prospectus and elsewhere in this SAI) apply only at the time a transaction is entered into. If a percentage limitation is complied with at the time of an investment, any subsequent change in percentage resulting from a change in values or assets, or a change in credit quality, will not constitute a violation of that limitation. There is no limit on the ability of a fund to make any type of investment or to invest in any type of security, except as expressly stated in the prospectus(es) or in this SAI or as imposed by law. Derivative instruments are taken into account when determining compliance with a fund's 80% policy and any other investment limitations expressed as a percentage of assets.

------

**Debt Securities and Fixed-Income Investing**

Debt securities include securities such as corporate bonds and debentures; commercial paper; trust preferreds, debt securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities; or foreign governments; asset-backed securities; collateralized-mortgage obligations ("CMOs"); zero coupon bonds; floating rate, inverse floating rate and index obligations; "strips"; structured notes; and pay-in-kind and step securities.

Fixed-income investing is the purchase of a debt security that maintains a level of income that does not change, at least for some period of time. When a debt security is purchased, the fund owns "debt" and becomes a creditor to the company or government.

Consistent with each fund's investment policies, a fund may invest in debt securities, which may be referred to as fixed-income instruments. These may include securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies or government-sponsored enterprises; corporate debt securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers, including convertible securities and corporate commercial paper; mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities; inflation-indexed bonds issued both by governments and corporations; structured notes, including hybrid or "indexed" securities, event-linked bonds and loan participations; delayed funding loans and revolving credit facilities; bank certificates of deposit ("CDs"), fixed time deposits and bankers' acceptances; repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements; debt securities issued by state or local governments and their agencies, authorities and other government-sponsored enterprises; obligations of non-U.S. governments or their subdivisions, agencies and government-sponsored enterprises; and obligations of international agencies or supranational entities. Consistent with its investment policies, a fund may invest in derivatives based on fixed-income instruments.

Generally, a fund uses the terms "debt security," "bond," "fixed-income instrument" and "fixed-income security" interchangeably, and these terms are interpreted broadly by the funds and include instruments that are intended to provide one or more of the characteristics of a direct investment in one or more debt securities. As new debt securities are developed, the funds may invest in those securities as well.

**Maturity and Duration:** The maturity of a fixed-income security is a measure of the time remaining until the final payment on the security is due. For simple fixed-income securities, duration indicates the average time at which the security's cash flows are to be received. For simple fixed-income securities with interest payments occurring prior to the payment of principal, duration is always less than maturity. For example, a current coupon bullet bond with a maturity of 3.5 years will have a duration of approximately three years. In general, the lower the stated or coupon rate of interest of a fixed-income security, the closer its duration will be to its final maturity; conversely, the higher the stated or coupon rate of interest of a fixed-income security, the shorter its duration will be compared to its final maturity. The determination of duration becomes more complex when fixed-income securities with features like floating coupon payments, optionality, prepayments, and structuring are evaluated. There are differing methodologies for computing effective duration prevailing in the industry. As a result, different investors may estimate duration differently.

Debt and fixed-income securities share three principal risks. First, the level of interest income generated by a fund's fixed-income investments may decline due to a decrease in market interest rates. If rates decline, when a fund's fixed-income securities mature or are sold, they may be replaced by lower-yielding investments. Second, the values of fixed-income securities fluctuate with changes in interest rates. A decrease in interest rates will generally result in an increase in the value of a fund's fixed-income investments. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of a fund's fixed-income investments will generally decline. However, a change in interest rates will not have the same impact on all fixed rate securities. For example, the magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater when a fund's duration or average maturity is longer. Third, certain fixed-income securities are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer of securities will be unable to pay principal and interest when due, or that the value of the security will suffer because investors believe the issuer is unable to pay.

**Mortgage-Backed Securities**

Mortgage-backed securities may be issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or private issuers such as banks, insurance companies, and savings and loans. Some of these securities, such as Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") certificates, are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury while others, such as Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") and Federated National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") certificates, are not. The U.S. government has provided recent financial support to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but there can be no assurance that it will support these or other government-sponsored entities in the future.

Mortgage-backed securities represent interests in a pool of mortgages. Principal and interest payments made on the mortgages in the underlying mortgage pool are passed through to the fund. These securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity dates would indicate as a result of principal prepayments on the underlying loans. This can result in significantly greater price and yield volatility than with traditional fixed-income securities. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayments can be expected to accelerate which will shorten these securities' weighted average life and may lower their return. Conversely, in a rising interest rate environment, a declining prepayment rate will extend the weighted average life of these securities which generally would cause their values to fluctuate more widely in response to changes in interest rates.

The value of these securities also may change because of changes in the market's perception of the creditworthiness of the federal agency or private institution that issued or guarantees them. In addition, the mortgage securities market in general may be adversely affected by changes in governmental regulation or tax policies.

------

Mortgage-backed securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, are not subject to a fund's industry concentration restrictions, by virtue of the exclusion from that test available to all U.S. government securities. In the case of privately issued mortgage-related securities, the funds may take the position that mortgage-related securities do not represent interests in any particular "industry" or group of industries.

As noted above, there are a number of important differences among the agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government that issue mortgage related securities and among the securities that they issue. Mortgage-related securities issued by GNMA include GNMA Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as "Ginnie Maes") which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by GNMA and such guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA certificates also are supported by the authority of GNMA to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under its guarantee. Mortgage-related securities issued by Fannie Mae include Fannie Mae Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates (also known as "Fannie Maes") which are solely the obligations of Fannie Mae and are not backed by or entitled to the full faith and credit of the U.S. Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored organization owned entirely by private stockholders. Fannie Maes are guaranteed as to the timely payment of the principal and interest by Fannie Mae. Mortgage-related securities issued by Freddie Mac include Freddie Mac Mortgage Participation Certificates (also known as "Freddie Macs" or "PCs"). Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the U.S., created pursuant to an Act of Congress, which is owned entirely by Federal Home Loan Banks. Freddie Macs are not guaranteed by the U.S. or by any Federal Home Loan Banks and do not constitute a debt or obligation of the U.S. or of any Federal Home Loan Bank. Freddie Macs entitle the holder to the timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by Freddie Mac. Freddie Mac guarantees either ultimate collection or the timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. When Freddie Mac does not guarantee timely payment of principal, Freddie Mac may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage, but in no event later than one year after it becomes payable.

CMOs, which are debt obligations collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities, provide the holder with a specified interest in the cash flow of a pool of underlying mortgages or other mortgage-backed securities. Issuers of CMOs frequently elect to be taxed as pass-through entities known as real estate mortgage investment conduits. CMOs are issued in multiple classes, each with a specified fixed or floating interest rate and a final distribution date. The relative payment rights of the various CMO classes may be structured in many ways. In most cases, however, payments of principal are applied to the CMO classes in the order of their respective stated maturities, so that no principal payments will be made on a CMO class until all other classes having an earlier stated maturity date are paid in full. The classes may include accrual certificates (also known as "Z-Bonds"), which only accrue interest at a specified rate until other specified classes have been retired and are converted thereafter to interest-paying securities. They may also include planned amortization classes which generally require, within certain limits, that specified amounts of principal be applied on each payment date, and generally exhibit less yield and market volatility than other classes. In many cases, CMOs are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities or may be collateralized by a fund of mortgages or mortgage-related securities guaranteed by such an agency or instrumentality. Certain CMOs in which a fund may invest are not guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.

Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities ("SMBS") are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the "IO" class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or "PO" class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a fund's yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.

The repayment of certain mortgage-related securities depends primarily on the cash collections received from the issuer's underlying asset portfolio and, in certain cases, the issuer's ability to issue replacement securities (such as asset-backed commercial paper). As a result, a fund could experience losses in the event of credit or market value deterioration in the issuer's underlying portfolio, mismatches in the timing of the cash flows of the underlying asset interests and the repayment obligations of maturing securities, or the issuer's inability to issue new or replacement securities. This is also true for other asset-backed securities. Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults, the investors in a security held by a fund may become the holders of underlying assets at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or may be sold only at a loss. If mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed securities are bought at a discount, however, both scheduled payments of principal and unscheduled prepayments will increase current and total returns and will accelerate the recognition of income.

Unlike mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its sponsored entities, mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers do not have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee, but may have credit enhancement provided by external entities such as banks or financial institutions or achieved through the structuring of the transaction itself. Examples of such credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include the issue of senior and subordinated securities (e.g., the issuance of securities by a special purpose vehicle in multiple classes or "tranches," with one or more classes being senior to other subordinated classes as to the payment of principal and interest, with the result that defaults on the underlying mortgage loans are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class); creation of "reserve funds" (in which case cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the

------

underlying mortgage loans, are held in reserve against future losses); and "over-collateralization" (in which case the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying mortgage loans exceeds that required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). However, there can be no guarantee that credit enhancements, if any, will be sufficient to prevent losses in the event of defaults on the underlying mortgage loans. A fund may also buy mortgage-backed securities without insurance or guarantees.

If a fund purchases subordinated mortgage-backed securities, the payments of principal and interest on the fund's subordinated securities generally will be made only after payments are made to the holders of securities senior to the fund's securities. Therefore, if there are defaults on the underlying mortgage loans, a fund will be less likely to receive payments of principal and interest, and will be more likely to suffer a loss. Privately issued mortgage-backed securities are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. Without an active trading market, mortgage-backed securities held in a fund may be particularly difficult to value because of the complexities involved in assessing the value of the underlying mortgage loans.

In addition, mortgage-backed securities that are issued by private issuers are not subject to the underwriting requirements for the underlying mortgages that are applicable to those mortgage-backed securities that have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee. As a result, the mortgage loans underlying private mortgage-backed securities may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics than government or government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities and have wider variances in a number of terms including interest rate, term, size, purpose and borrower characteristics. Privately issued pools more frequently include second mortgages, high loan-to-value mortgages and manufactured housing loans. The coupon rates and maturities of the underlying mortgage loans in a private-label mortgage-backed securities pool may vary to a greater extent than those included in a government guaranteed pool, and the pool may include subprime mortgage loans. Subprime loans refer to loans made to borrowers with weakened credit histories or with a lower capacity to make timely payments on their loans. For these reasons, the loans underlying these securities have had, in many cases, higher default rates than those loans that meet government underwriting requirements.

The risk of non-payment is greater for mortgage-backed securities that are backed by mortgage pools that contain subprime loans, but a level of risk exists for all loans. Market factors adversely affecting mortgage loan repayments may include a general economic turndown, high unemployment, a general slowdown in the real estate market, a drop in the market prices of real estate, or an increase in interest rates resulting in higher mortgage payments by holders of adjustable rate mortgages.

The funds may invest in mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, and by private issuers entities, provided, however, that to the extent that a fund purchases mortgage-related securities from such issuers which may, solely for purposes of the 1940 Act, be deemed to be investment companies, the fund's investment in such securities will be subject to the limitations on its investment in investment company securities.

**Asset-Backed Securities**

Asset-backed securities are generally issued as pass-through certificates, which represent undivided fractional ownership interests in the underlying pool of assets, or as debt instruments, which are generally issued as the debt of a special purpose entity organized solely for the purpose of owning such assets and issuing such debt. The pool of assets generally represents the obligations of a number of different parties.

Asset-backed securities have many of the same characteristics and risks as the mortgage-backed securities described above, except that asset-backed securities may be backed by non-real-estate loans, leases or receivables such as auto, credit card or home equity loans.

Non-mortgage asset-backed securities are not issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or government-sponsored entities; however, the payment of principal and interest on such obligations may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit issued by a financial institution (such as a bank or insurance company) which may be affiliated or unaffiliated with the issuers of such securities. In addition, such securities generally will have remaining estimated lives at the time of purchase of five years or less.

Asset-backed securities frequently carry credit protection in the form of extra collateral, subordinated certificates, cash reserve accounts, letters of credit or other enhancements. For example, payments of principal and interest may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit or other enhancement issued by a financial institution. Assets which, to date, have been used to back asset-backed securities include motor vehicle installment sales contracts or installment loans secured by motor vehicles, and receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements. Other types of asset-backed securities include those that represent interest in pools of corporate bonds (such as collateralized bond obligations or "CBOs"), bank loans (such as collateralized loan obligations or "CLOs") and other debt obligations (such as collateralized debt obligations or "CDOs").

Asset-backed security values may also be affected by factors such as changes in interest rates, the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the loan pool, the originator of the loans, or the financial institution providing any credit enhancement and the exhaustion of any credit enhancement. The risks of investing in asset-backed securities depend upon payment of the underlying loans by the individual borrowers (i.e., the backing asset). In its capacity as purchaser of an asset-backed security, a fund would generally have no recourse to the entity that originated the loans in the event of default by the borrower. If a letter of credit or other form of credit enhancement is exhausted or otherwise unavailable, holders of asset-backed securities may experience delays in payments or losses if the full amounts due on underlying assets are not realized. Asset-backed securities may also present certain additional risks related to the particular type of collateral. For example, credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed

------

on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Asset-backed securities are also subject to prepayment risk, which may shorten the weighted average life of such securities and may lower their return. In addition, asset backed securities are subject to risks similar to those associated with mortgage-backed securities, as well as additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those assets.

Asset-backed securities may be subject to greater risk of default during periods of economic downturn than other securities, which could result in possible losses to a fund. In addition, the secondary market for asset-backed securities may not be as liquid as the market for other securities which may result in a fund's experiencing difficulty in selling or valuing asset-backed securities.

**Corporate Debt Securities**

Corporate debt securities exist in great variety, differing from one another in quality, maturity, and call or other provisions. Lower-grade bonds, whether rated or unrated, usually offer higher interest income, but also carry increased risk of default. Corporate bonds may be secured or unsecured, senior to or subordinated to other debt of the issuer, and, occasionally, may be guaranteed by another entity. In addition, they may carry other features, such as those described under "Convertible Securities" and "Variable or Floating Rate Securities," or have special features such as the right of the holder to shorten or lengthen the maturity of a given debt instrument, rights to purchase additional securities, rights to elect from among two or more currencies in which to receive interest or principal payments, or provisions permitting the holder to participate in earnings of the issuer or to participate in the value of some specified commodity, financial index, or other measure of value.

**Commercial Paper**

Commercial paper refers to short-term unsecured promissory notes issued by commercial and industrial corporations to finance their current operations. Commercial paper may be issued at a discount and redeemed at par, or issued at par with interest added at maturity. The interest or discount rate depends on general interest rates, the credit standing of the issuer, and the maturity of the note, and generally moves in tandem with rates on large CDs and Treasury bills. An established secondary market exists for commercial paper, particularly that of stronger issuers which are rated by Moody's Investors Service ("Moody's") and Standard & Poor's Rating Group ("S&P"). Investments in commercial paper are subject to the risks that general interest rates will rise, that the credit standing or rating of the issuer will fall, or that the secondary market in the issuer's notes will become too limited to permit their liquidation at a reasonable price.

Commercial paper includes asset-backed commercial paper ("ABCP") that is issued by structured investment vehicles or other conduits. These conduits may be sponsored by mortgage companies, investment banking firms, finance companies, hedge funds, private equity firms and special purpose finance entities. ABCP typically refers to a debt security with an original term to maturity of up to 270 days, the payment of which is supported by cash flows from underlying assets, or one or more liquidity or credit support providers, or both. Assets backing ABCP, which may be included in revolving pools of assets with large numbers of obligors, include credit card, car loan and other consumer receivables and home or commercial mortgages, including subprime mortgages. The repayment of ABCP issued by a conduit depends primarily on the cash collections received from the conduit's underlying asset portfolio and the conduit's ability to issue new ABCP. Therefore, there could be losses to a fund investing in ABCP in the event of credit or market value deterioration in the conduit's underlying portfolio, mismatches in the timing of the cash flows of the underlying asset interests and the repayment obligations of maturing ABCP, or the conduit's inability to issue new ABCP. To protect investors from these risks, ABCP programs may be structured with various protections, such as credit enhancement, liquidity support, and commercial paper stop-issuance and wind-down triggers. However, there can be no guarantee that these protections will be sufficient to prevent losses to investors in ABCP.

Some ABCP programs provide for an extension of the maturity date of the ABCP if, on the related maturity date, the conduit is unable to access sufficient liquidity through the issue of additional ABCP. This may delay the sale of the underlying collateral, and a fund may incur a loss if the value of the collateral deteriorates during the extension period. Alternatively, if collateral for ABCP deteriorates in value, the collateral may be required to be sold at inopportune times or at prices insufficient to repay the principal and interest on the ABCP. ABCP programs may provide for the issuance of subordinated notes as an additional form of credit enhancement. The subordinated notes are typically of a lower credit quality and have a higher risk of default. A fund purchasing these subordinated notes will therefore have a higher likelihood of loss than investors in the senior notes.

**Bank Obligations**

Bank obligations include dollar-denominated CDs, time deposits and bankers' acceptances and other short-term debt obligations issued by domestic banks, foreign subsidiaries or foreign branches of domestic banks, domestic and foreign branches of foreign banks, domestic savings and loan associations and other banking institutions. CDs are short-term, unsecured, negotiable obligations of commercial banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banks for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable time drafts drawn on commercial banks usually in connection with international transactions.

Domestic commercial banks organized under federal law are supervised and examined by the Comptroller of the Currency and are required to be members of the Federal Reserve System and to be insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"). Domestic banks organized under state law are supervised and examined by state banking authorities, but are members of the Federal Reserve System only if they elect to join. Most state institutions are insured by the FDIC (although such insurance may not be of material benefit to a fund, depending upon the principal amount of obligations of each held by the fund) and are subject to federal examination and to a substantial body

------

of federal law and regulation. As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks are, among other things, generally required to maintain specified levels of reserves and are subject to other supervision and regulation designed to promote financial soundness. However, not all of such laws and regulations apply to the foreign branches of domestic banks.

Obligations of foreign branches and subsidiaries of domestic banks and domestic and foreign branches of foreign banks, such as CDs and time deposits, may be general obligations of the parent bank in addition to the issuing branch, or may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and governmental regulation. Such obligations are subject to different risks than are those of domestic banks or domestic branches of foreign banks. These risks include foreign economic and political developments, foreign governmental restrictions that may adversely affect payment of principal and interest on the obligations, foreign exchange controls and foreign withholding and other taxes on interest income. Foreign branches of domestic banks and foreign branches of foreign banks are not necessarily subject to the same or similar regulatory requirements that apply to domestic banks, such as mandatory reserve requirements, loan limitations and accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping requirements. In addition, less information may be publicly available about a foreign branch of a domestic bank or about a foreign bank than about a domestic bank.

Obligations of domestic branches of foreign banks may be general obligations of the parent bank, in addition to the issuing branch, or may be limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by state and federal regulation as well as governmental action in the country in which the foreign bank has its head office. A domestic branch of a foreign bank with assets in excess of $1 billion may or may not be subject to reserve requirements imposed by the Federal Reserve System or by the state in which the branch is located if the branch is licensed in that state. In addition, branches licensed by the Comptroller of the Currency and branches licensed by certain states ("State Branches") may or may not be required to: (i) pledge to the regulator, by depositing assets with a designated bank within the state; and (ii) maintain assets within the state in an amount equal to a specified percentage of the aggregate amount of liabilities of the foreign bank payable at or through all of its agencies or branches within the state. The deposits of State Branches may not necessarily be insured by the FDIC. In addition, there may be less publicly available information about a domestic branch of a foreign bank than about a domestic bank.

**Bank Capital Securities:** Bank capital securities are issued by banks to help fulfill their regulatory capital requirements. There are two common types of bank capital: Tier I and Tier II. Bank capital is generally, but not always, of investment grade quality. Tier I securities often take the form of trust preferred securities. Tier II securities are commonly thought of as hybrids of debt and preferred stock, are often perpetual (with no maturity date), callable and, under certain conditions, allow for the issuer bank to withhold payment of interest until a later date.

**Collateralized Debt Obligations**

Collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs") include collateralized bond obligations ("CBOs"), collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs") and other similarly structured securities. CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust or other special purpose entity ("SPE") which is typically backed by a diversified pool of fixed-income securities (which may include high-risk, below-investment-grade securities). A CLO is a trust or other SPE that is typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Although certain CDOs may receive credit enhancement in the form of a senior-subordinate structure, over-collateralization or bond insurance, such enhancement may not always be present, and may fail to protect a fund against the risk of loss on default of the collateral. Certain CDOs may use derivatives contracts to create "synthetic" exposure to assets rather than holding such assets directly. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses, which are in addition to those of a fund.

For both CBOs and CLOs, the cashflows from the SPE are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the "equity" tranche, which bears the first loss from defaults from the bonds or loans in the SPE and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default (though such protection is not complete). Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO trust or CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as investor aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class. Interest on certain tranches of a CDO may be paid in kind (paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash), which involves continued exposure to default risk with respect to such payments.

The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which a fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by a fund as illiquid investments. However, an active dealer market may exist for CDOs allowing a CDO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the risks typically associated with fixed-income securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and a fund's prospectus (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) a fund may invest in tranches of CDOs that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; and (v) the CDO's manager may perform poorly.

**Zero Coupon, Step Coupon, Deferred Payment, Stripped and Pay-In-Kind Securities**

Zero coupon bonds are issued and traded at a discount from their face values. They do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity. Step coupon bonds are issued and trade at a discount from their face values and pay coupon interest. The coupon rate typically is low for an initial period and then increases to a higher coupon rate thereafter. Deferred payment securities are securities that

------

remain zero coupon securities until a predetermined date, at which time the stated coupon rate becomes effective and interest becomes payable at regular intervals. The discount from the face amount or par value depends on the time remaining until cash payments begin, prevailing interest rates, liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. Stripped securities are securities that are stripped of their interest after the securities are issued, but otherwise are comparable to zero coupon bonds. Pay-in-kind securities may pay all or a portion of their interest or dividends in the form of additional securities. Upon maturity, the holder is entitled to receive the aggregate par value of the securities.

Federal income tax law requires holders of zero coupon, step coupon and deferred payment securities to report the portion of the original issue discount on such securities that accrues that year as interest income, even if prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payment. In order to avoid a fund-level tax, a fund must distribute each year substantially all of its taxable income, including original issue discount accrued on zero coupon, step coupon or deferred payment securities. Because a fund may not receive full or even any cash payments on a current basis in respect of accrued original-issue discount on zero coupon, step coupon or deferred payment securities, in some years a fund may have to distribute cash obtained from other sources in order to satisfy those distribution requirements. A fund might obtain such cash from selling other fund holdings. These actions may reduce the assets to which a fund's expenses could be allocated and may reduce the rate of return for the fund. In some circumstances, such sales might be necessary in order to satisfy cash distribution requirements even though investment considerations might otherwise make it undesirable for the fund to sell the securities at the time.

Generally, the market prices of zero coupon, step coupon, deferred payment, stripped and pay-in-kind securities are more volatile than the prices of securities that pay interest periodically and in cash and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other types of debt securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Investments in zero coupon and step coupon bonds may be more speculative and subject to greater fluctuations in value because of changes in interest rates than bonds that pay interest currently.

**Repurchase Agreements**

In a repurchase agreement, a fund purchases a security and simultaneously commits to resell that security to the seller at an agreed-upon price on an agreed-upon date within a number of days (usually not more than seven) from the date of purchase. The resale price reflects the purchase price plus an agreed-upon incremental amount which typically is unrelated to the coupon rate or maturity of the purchased security and represents compensation to the seller for use of the purchased security. A repurchase agreement involves the obligation of the seller to pay the agreed-upon price, which obligation is in effect secured by the value (at least equal to the amount of the agreed-upon resale price and marked-to-market daily) of the underlying security or collateral. All repurchase agreements entered into by a fund are fully collateralized at all times during the period of the agreement.

Repurchase agreements involve the risk that the seller will fail to repurchase the security, as agreed. In that case, a fund will bear the risk of market value fluctuations until the security can be sold and may encounter delays and incur costs in liquidating the security. Repurchase agreements involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of the other party, including possible delays or restrictions upon a fund's ability to dispose of the underlying securities, the risk of a possible decline in the value of the underlying securities during the period in which the fund seeks to assert its right to them, the risk of incurring expenses associated with asserting those rights and the risk of losing all or part of the income from the agreement.

A fund may, together with other registered investment companies managed by the fund's sub-adviser or its affiliates, transfer uninvested cash balances into a single joint account, the daily aggregate balance of which will be invested in one or more repurchase agreements, including tri-party subcustody repurchase arrangements.

**Convertible Securities**

Convertible securities are fixed-income securities that may be converted at either a stated price or stated rate into underlying shares of common stock. Convertible securities have general characteristics similar to both fixed-income and equity securities. Although to a lesser extent than with fixed-income securities generally, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stocks and, therefore, also will react to variations in the general market for equity securities. A significant feature of convertible securities is that as the market price of the underlying common stock declines, convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so they may not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying common stock. When the market price of the underlying common stock increases, the prices of the convertible securities tend to rise as a reflection of the value of the underlying common stock.

As fixed-income securities, convertible securities provide for a stream of income. The yields on convertible securities generally are higher than those of common stocks. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality. However, a convertible security offers the potential for capital appreciation through the conversion feature, enabling the holder to benefit from increases in the market price of the underlying common stock.

Convertible securities generally are subordinated to other similar but non-convertible securities of the same issuer, although convertible bonds, as corporate debt obligations, enjoy seniority in right of payment to all equity securities, and convertible preferred stock is senior to common stock of the same issuer. Because of the subordination feature, however, convertible securities typically have lower ratings than similar non-convertible securities.

DECS ("Dividend Enhanced Convertible Stock," or "Debt Exchangeable for Common Stock" when-issued as a debt security) offer a substantial dividend advantage with the possibility of unlimited upside potential if the price of the underlying common stock exceeds a

------

certain level. DECS convert to common stock at maturity. The amount received is dependent on the price of the common stock at the time of maturity. DECS contain two call options at different strike prices. The DECS participate with the common stock up to the first call price. They are effectively capped at that point unless the common stock rises above a second price point, at which time they participate with unlimited upside potential.

PERCS ("Preferred Equity Redeemable Stock," convert into an equity issue that pays a high cash dividend, has a cap price and mandatory conversion to common stock at maturity) offer a substantial dividend advantage, but capital appreciation potential is limited to a predetermined level. PERCS are less risky and less volatile than the underlying common stock because their superior income mitigates declines when the common stock falls, while the cap price limits gains when the common stock rises.

In evaluating investment in a convertible security, primary emphasis will be given to the attractiveness of the underlying common stock. The convertible debt securities in which a fund may invest are subject to the same rating criteria as the fund's investment in non-convertible debt securities.

A fund will limit its holdings of convertible debt securities to those that, at the time of purchase, are rated at least B- by S&P or B3 by Moody's or B- by Fitch, Inc., or, if not rated by S&P, Moody's or Fitch, are of equivalent investment quality as determined by the sub-adviser.

**High Yield Securities**

Debt securities rated below investment grade (lower than Baa as determined by Moody's, lower than BBB as determined by S&P or Fitch, Inc.) or, if unrated, determined to be below investment grade by a fund's sub-adviser, are commonly referred to as "lower grade debt securities" or "junk bonds." Generally, such securities offer a higher current yield than is offered by higher rated securities, but also are predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations. The market values of certain of these securities also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than higher quality bonds. In addition, medium and lower rated securities and comparable unrated securities generally present a higher degree of credit risk. Lower grade debt securities generally are unsecured and frequently subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. In addition, the market value of securities in lower rated categories is more volatile than that of higher quality securities, and the markets in which medium and lower rated securities are traded are more limited than those in which higher rated securities are traded. The existence of limited markets may make it more difficult for a fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing its securities and calculating its net asset value. Moreover, the lack of a liquid trading market may restrict the availability of securities for a fund to purchase and may also have the effect of limiting the ability of a fund to sell securities at their fair value either to meet redemption requests or to respond to changes in the economy or the financial markets.

Lower rated debt securities also present risks based on payment expectations. If an issuer calls the obligation for redemption, a fund may have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Also, the principal value of bonds moves inversely with movements in interest rates; in the event of rising interest rates, the value of the securities held by a fund may decline more than a fund consisting of higher rated securities. If a fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, it may be forced to sell its higher rated bonds, resulting in a decline in the overall credit quality of the securities held by the fund and increasing the exposure of the fund to the risks of lower rated securities.

Subsequent to its purchase by a fund, an issue of securities may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase by a fund. Neither event will require sale of these securities by a fund, but a sub-adviser will consider the event in determining whether the fund should continue to hold the security.

Except for certain funds, a fund's investments in convertible debt securities and other high-yield, non-convertible debt securities rated below investment grade will comprise less than 35% of the fund's net assets. Debt securities rated below the four highest categories are not considered "investment-grade" obligations.

**Distressed Debt Securities**

Distressed debt securities are debt securities that are purchased in the secondary market and are the subject of bankruptcy proceedings or otherwise in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at the time of acquisition by a fund or are rated in the lower rating categories (Ca or lower by Moody's and CC or lower by S&P) or which, if unrated, are in the judgment of a sub-adviser of equivalent quality. Investment in distressed debt securities is speculative and involves significant risk. The risks associated with high-yield securities are heightened by investing in distressed debt securities.

A fund will generally make such investments only when the fund's sub-adviser believes it is reasonably likely that the issuer of the distressed debt securities will make an exchange offer or will be the subject of a plan of reorganization pursuant to which the fund will receive new

------

securities (e.g., equity securities). However, there can be no assurance that such an exchange offer will be made or that such a plan of reorganization will be adopted. In addition, a significant period of time may pass between the time at which a fund makes its investment in distressed debt securities and the time that any such exchange offer or plan of reorganization is completed. During this period, it is unlikely that the fund will receive any interest payments on the distressed debt securities, the fund will be subject to significant uncertainty as to whether or not the exchange offer or plan will be completed and the fund may be required to bear certain extraordinary expenses to protect or recover its investment. Even if an exchange offer is made or plan of reorganization is adopted with respect to the distressed debt securities held by a fund, there can be no assurance that the securities or other assets received by the fund in connection with such exchange offer or plan of reorganization will not have a lower value or income potential than may have been anticipated when the investment was made. Moreover, any securities received by the fund upon completion of an exchange offer or plan of reorganization may be restricted as to resale. As a result of a fund's participation in negotiations with respect to any exchange offer or plan of reorganization with respect to an issuer of distressed debt securities, the fund may be restricted from disposing of such securities.

**Defaulted Securities**

Defaulted securities are debt securities on which the issuer is not currently making interest payments. Generally, a fund will invest in defaulted securities only when its sub-adviser believes, based upon analysis of the financial condition, results of operations and economic outlook of an issuer, that there is potential for resumption of income payments, that the securities offer an unusual opportunity for capital appreciation or that other advantageous developments appear likely in the future. Notwithstanding a sub-adviser's belief as to the resumption of income payments, however, the purchase of any security on which payment of interest or dividends is suspended involves a high degree of risk. Such risk includes, among other things, the following:

Investments in securities that are in default involve a high degree of financial and market risks that can result in substantial, or at times even total, losses. Issuers of defaulted securities may have substantial capital needs and may become involved in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. Among the problems involved in investments in such issuers is the fact that it may be difficult to obtain information about the condition of such issuers. The market prices of such securities also are subject to abrupt and erratic movements and above average price volatility, and the spread between the bid and asked prices of such securities may be greater than normally expected.

A fund will limit holdings of any such securities to amounts that its sub-adviser (if applicable) believes could be readily sold, and its holdings of such securities would, in any event, be limited so as not to limit the fund's ability to readily dispose of securities to meet redemptions.

**Structured Notes and Related Instruments**

"Structured" notes and other related instruments are privately negotiated debt obligations where the principal and/or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market or interest rate (an "embedded index"), such as selected securities, an index of securities or specified interest rates, or the differential performance of two assets or markets, such as indexes reflecting bonds. Structured instruments may be issued by corporations, including banks, as well as by governmental agencies and frequently are assembled in the form of medium-term notes, but a variety of forms is available and may be used in particular circumstances. The terms of such structured instruments normally provide that their principal and/or interest payments are to be adjusted upwards or downwards (but ordinarily not below zero) to reflect changes in the embedded index while the instruments are outstanding. As a result, the interest and/or principal payments that may be made on a structured product may vary widely, depending on a variety of factors, including the volatility of the embedded index and the effect of changes in the embedded index on principal and/or interest payments. The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index(es) or other asset(s). Application of a multiplier involves leverage that will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss. Investment in indexed securities and structured notes involves certain risks, including the credit risk of the issuer and the normal risks of price changes in response to changes in interest rates. Further, in the case of certain indexed securities or structured notes, a decline in the reference instrument may cause the interest rate to be reduced to zero, and any further declines in the reference instrument may then reduce the principal amount payable on maturity. Finally, these securities may be less liquid than other types of securities, and may be more volatile than their underlying reference instruments.

**U.S. Government Securities**

U.S. Government obligations generally include direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury (such as U.S. Treasury bills, notes, and bonds) and obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. Examples of the types of U.S. government securities that a fund may hold include the Federal Housing Administration, Small Business Administration, General Services Administration, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and Maritime Administration. U.S. government securities may be supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (such as securities of the Small Business Administration); by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury (such as securities of the Federal Home Loan Bank); by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency's obligations (such as securities of Fannie Mae); or only by the credit of the issuing agency.

Examples of agencies and instrumentalities which may not always receive financial support from the U.S. government are: Federal Land Banks; Central Bank for Cooperatives; Federal Intermediate Credit Banks; Federal Home Loan Banks; Farmers Home Administration; and Fannie Mae.

Obligations guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or government-sponsored entities include issues by non-government-sponsored entities (like financial institutions) that carry direct guarantees from U.S. government agencies as part of government initiatives in response to the market crisis or otherwise. In the case of obligations not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S., a fund must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the U.S.

------

itself in the event the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitments. Neither the U.S. government nor any of its agencies or instrumentalities guarantees the market value of the securities they issue. Therefore, the market value of such securities will fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates.

On August 5, 2011, S&P lowered the long-term sovereign credit rating assigned to the U.S. to AA+ with a negative outlook. On June 10, 2013, S&P revised the negative outlook to a stable outlook. The long-term impact of the downgrade or the impact of any potential future downgrades are unknown and could negatively impact the funds.

**Variable and Floating Rate Securities**

Variable and floating rate securities provide for a periodic adjustment in the interest rate paid on the obligations. The terms of such obligations provide that interest rates are adjusted periodically based upon an interest rate adjustment index as provided in the respective obligations. The adjustment intervals may be regular, and range from daily up to annually, or may be event-based, such as based on a change in the prime rate.

The interest rate on a floating rate debt instrument (a "floater") is a variable rate which is tied to another interest rate, such as a corporate bond index or Treasury bill rate. The interest rate on a floater resets periodically, typically every six months. Because of the interest rate reset feature, floaters may provide a fund with a certain degree of protection against rising interest rates, although a fund will participate in any declines in interest rates as well. A credit spread trade is an investment position relating to a difference in the prices or interest rates of two bonds or other securities or currencies, where the value of the investment position is determined by movements in the difference between the prices or interest rates, as the case may be, of the respective securities or currencies.

The interest rate on an inverse floating rate debt instrument (an "inverse floater") resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is indexed. An inverse floating rate security may exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation of similar credit quality.

A floater may be considered to be leveraged to the extent that its interest rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in the index rate of interest. The higher degree of leverage inherent in some floaters is associated with greater volatility in their market values.

Such instruments may include variable amount master demand notes that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary in addition to providing for periodic adjustments in the interest rate. The absence of an active secondary market with respect to particular variable and floating rate instruments could make it difficult for a fund to dispose of a variable or floating rate note if the issuer defaulted on its payment obligation or during periods that a fund is not entitled to exercise its demand rights, and a fund could, for these or other reasons, suffer a loss with respect to such instruments. In determining average-weighted portfolio maturity, an instrument will be deemed to have a maturity equal to either the period remaining until the next interest rate adjustment or the time a fund involved can recover payment of principal as specified in the instrument, depending on the type of instrument involved.

Variable rate master demand notes are unsecured commercial paper instruments that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and provide for periodic adjustment in the interest rate. Because variable rate master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between a fund and the issuer, they are not normally traded.

Although no active secondary market may exist for these notes, a fund may demand payment of principal and accrued interest at any time or may resell the note to a third party. While the notes are not typically rated by credit rating agencies, issuers of variable rate master demand notes must satisfy a sub-adviser that the ratings are within the two highest ratings of commercial paper.

In addition, when purchasing variable rate master demand notes, a sub-adviser will consider the earning power, cash flows, and other liquidity ratios of the issuers of the notes and will continuously monitor their financial status and ability to meet payment on demand.

In the event an issuer of a variable rate master demand note defaulted on its payment obligations, a fund might be unable to dispose of the note because of the absence of a secondary market and could, for this or other reasons, suffer a loss to the extent of the default.

**Municipal Securities**

Municipal securities generally include debt obligations (bonds, notes or commercial paper) issued by or on behalf of any of the 50 states and their political subdivisions, agencies and public authorities, certain other governmental issuers (such as Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam) or other qualifying issuers, participation or other interests in these securities and other related investments. A shareholder in a fund will generally exclude from gross income its allocable share of the interest the fund receives on municipal securities.

Municipal securities are issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, such as airports, bridges, highways, housing, hospitals, mass transportation, schools, streets, water and sewer works, gas, and electric utilities. They may also be issued to refund outstanding obligations, to obtain funds for general operating expenses, or to obtain funds to loan to other public institutions and facilities and in anticipation of the receipt of revenue or the issuance of other obligations.

The two principal classifications of municipal securities are "general obligation" securities and "limited obligation" or "revenue" securities. General obligation securities are secured by a municipal issuer's pledge of its full faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Accordingly, the capacity of the issuer of a general obligation bond as to the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal when due is affected by the issuer's maintenance of its tax base. Revenue securities are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source. Accordingly, the timely payment of interest and the repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the revenue security is a function

------

of the economic viability of the facility or revenue source. Revenue securities include private activity bonds (described below) which are not payable from the unrestricted revenues of the issuer. Consequently, the credit quality of private activity bonds is usually directly related to the credit standing of the corporate user of the facility involved. Municipal securities may also include "moral obligation" bonds, which are normally issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of moral obligation bonds is unable to meet its debt service obligations from current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund the restoration of which is a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality which created the issuer.

**Private Activity Bonds:** Private activity bonds are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to provide funds, usually through a loan or lease arrangement, to a private entity for the purpose of financing construction of privately operated industrial facilities, such as warehouse, office, plant and storage facilities and environmental and pollution control facilities. Such bonds are secured primarily by revenues derived from loan repayments or lease payments due from the entity, which may or may not be guaranteed by a parent company or otherwise secured. Private activity bonds generally are not secured by a pledge of the taxing power of the issuer of such bonds. Therefore, repayment of such bonds generally depends on the revenue of a private entity. The continued ability of an entity to generate sufficient revenues for the payment of principal and interest on such bonds will be affected by many factors, including the size of the entity, its capital structure, demand for its products or services, competition, general economic conditions, government regulation and the entity's dependence on revenues for the operation of the particular facility being financed.

Interest income on certain types of private activity bonds issued after August 7, 1986 to finance non-governmental activities is a specific tax preference item for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax ("AMT"). Bonds issued in 2009 and 2010 generally are not treated as private activity bonds, and interest earned on such bonds generally is not treated as a tax preference item. Non-corporate investors may be subject to a federal AMT to the extent that the fund derives interest from private activity bonds.

**Industrial Development Bonds:** Industrial development bonds ("IDBs") are issued by public authorities to obtain funds to provide financing for privately-operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports, convention or trade show facilities, airport, mass transit, port and parking facilities, air or water pollution control facilities, and certain facilities for water supply, gas, electricity or sewerage or solid waste disposal. Although IDBs are issued by municipal authorities, the payment of principal and interest on IDBs is dependent solely on the ability of the user of the facilities financed by the bonds to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of the real and personal property being financed as security for such payments. IDBs are considered municipal securities if the interest paid is exempt from regular federal income tax. Interest earned on IDBs may be subject to the federal AMT.

**Municipal Notes:** Municipal notes are short-term debt obligations issued by municipalities which normally have a maturity at the time of issuance of six months to three years. Such notes include tax anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes and project notes. Notes sold in anticipation of collection of taxes, a bond sale or receipt of other revenues are normally obligations of the issuing municipality or agency.

**Municipal Commercial Paper:** Municipal commercial paper is short-term debt obligations issued by municipalities. Although done so infrequently, municipal commercial paper may be issued at a discount (sometimes referred to as Short-Term Discount Notes). These obligations are issued to meet seasonal working capital needs of a municipality or interim construction financing and are paid from a municipality's general revenues or refinanced with long-term debt. Although the availability of municipal commercial paper has been limited, from time to time the amounts of such debt obligations offered have increased, and this increase may continue.

**Participation Interests:** A participation interest in municipal obligations (such as private activity bonds and municipal lease obligations) gives a fund an undivided interest in the municipal obligation in the proportion that the fund's participation interest bears to the total principal amount of the municipal obligation. Participation interests in municipal obligations may be backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of, or a right to put to, a bank (which may be the bank issuing the participation interest, a bank issuing a confirming letter of credit to that of the issuing bank, or a bank serving as agent of the issuing bank with respect to the possible repurchase of the participation interest) or insurance policy of an insurance company. A fund has the right to sell the participation interest back to the institution or draw on the letter of credit or insurance after a specified period of notice, for all or any part of the full principal amount of the fund's participation in the security, plus accrued interest. Purchase of a participation interest may involve the risk that a fund will not be deemed to be the owner of the underlying municipal obligation for purposes of the ability to claim tax exemption of interest paid on that municipal obligation.

**Variable Rate Obligations:** The interest rate payable on a variable rate municipal obligation is adjusted either at predetermined periodic intervals or whenever there is a change in the market rate of interest upon which the interest rate payable is based. A variable rate obligation may include a demand feature pursuant to which a fund would have the right to demand prepayment of the principal amount of the obligation prior to its stated maturity. The issuer of the variable rate obligation may retain the right to prepay the principal amount prior to maturity.

**Municipal Lease Obligations:** Municipal lease obligations may take the form of a lease, an installment purchase or a conditional sales contract. Municipal lease obligations are issued by state and local governments and authorities to acquire land, equipment and facilities such as state and municipal vehicles, telecommunications and computer equipment, and other capital assets. Interest payments on qualifying municipal leases are exempt from federal income taxes. A fund may purchase these obligations directly, or they may purchase participation interests in such obligations. Municipal leases are generally subject to greater risks than general obligation or revenue bonds. State laws set forth requirements that states or municipalities must meet in order to issue municipal obligations; and such obligations may contain a covenant by the issuer to budget for, appropriate, and make payments due under the obligation. However, certain municipal lease obligations

------

may contain "non-appropriation" clauses which provide that the issuer is not obligated to make payments on the obligation in future years unless funds have been appropriated for this purpose each year. Accordingly, such obligations are subject to "non-appropriation" risk. While municipal leases are secured by the underlying capital asset, it may be difficult to dispose of such assets in the event of non-appropriation or other default.

**Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper:** Tax-exempt commercial paper is a short-term obligation with a stated maturity of 270 days or less. It is issued by state and local governments or their agencies to finance seasonal working capital needs or as short term financing in anticipation of longer term financing. While tax-exempt commercial paper is intended to be repaid from general revenues or refinanced, it frequently is backed by a letter of credit, lending arrangement, note repurchase agreement or other credit facility agreement offered by a bank or financial institution.

**Custodial Receipts and Certificates:** Custodial receipts or certificates underwritten by securities dealers or banks evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on certain municipal obligations. The underwriter of these certificates or receipts typically purchases municipal obligations and deposits the obligations in an irrevocable trust or custodial account with a custodian bank, which then issues receipts or certificates that evidence ownership of the periodic unmatured coupon payments and the final principal payment on the obligations. Although under the terms of a custodial receipt, a fund would be typically authorized to assert its rights directly against the issuer of the underlying obligation, a fund could be required to assert through the custodian bank those rights as may exist against the underlying issuer. Thus, in the event the underlying issuer fails to pay principal and/or interest when due, the fund may be subject to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would have been involved if the fund had purchased a direct obligation of the issuer. In addition, in the event that the trust or custodial account in which the underlying security has been deposited is determined to be an association taxable as a corporation, instead of a non-taxable entity, the yield on the underlying security would be reduced in recognition of any taxes paid.

**Stand-By Commitments:** Under a stand-by commitment a dealer agrees to purchase, at the fund's option, specified municipal obligations held by the fund at a specified price and, in this respect, stand-by commitments are comparable to put options. A stand-by commitment entitles the holder to achieve same day settlement and to receive an exercise price equal to the amortized cost of the underlying security plus accrued interest, if any, at the time of exercise. The fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to an institution providing a stand-by commitment and a decline in the credit quality of the institution could cause losses to the fund.

**Tender Option Bonds:** A tender option bond is a municipal bond (generally held pursuant to a custodial arrangement) having a relatively long maturity and bearing interest at a fixed rate substantially higher than prevailing short-term tax-exempt rates, that has been coupled with the agreement of a third party, such as a financial institution, pursuant to which such institution grants the security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As consideration for providing the option, the institution generally receives periodic fees equal to the difference between the municipal bond's fixed coupon rate and the rate, as determined by a remarketing or similar agent, that would cause the securities, coupled with the tender option, to trade at par. Thus, after payment of this fee, the security holder would effectively hold a demand obligation that bears interest at the prevailing short-term tax-exempt rate.

**Loan Participations and Assignments**

Loan participations typically represent direct participation in a loan to a corporate borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or lending syndicates. A fund may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a lender. A fund's investment in a loan participation typically will result in the fund having a contractual relationship only with the lender and not with the borrower. A fund will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender selling the participation and only upon receipt by the lender of the payments from the borrower. In connection with purchasing a participation, a fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any right of set-off against the borrower, and the fund may not directly benefit from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, a fund may be subject to the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, a fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower. Some loans may be secured in whole or in part by assets or other collateral. In other cases, loans may be unsecured or may become undersecured by declines in the value of assets or other collateral securing such loan.

------

When a fund purchases a loan assignment from lenders, it will acquire direct rights against the borrowers on the loan. Because assignments are arranged through private negotiations between potential assignees and potential assignors, however, the rights and obligations acquired by a fund as the purchaser of an assignment may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender.

Certain of the participations or assignments acquired by a fund may involve unfunded commitments of the lenders or revolving credit facilities under which a borrower may from time to time borrow and repay amounts up to the maximum amount of the facility. In such cases, the fund would have an obligation to advance its portion of such additional borrowings upon the terms specified in the loan documentation. A fund may acquire loans of borrowers that are experiencing, or are more likely to experience, financial difficulty, including loans of borrowers that have filed for bankruptcy protection. Although loans in which a fund may invest generally will be secured by specific collateral, there can be no assurance that liquidation of such collateral would satisfy the borrower's obligation in the event of nonpayment of scheduled interest or principal, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, a fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing a senior loan.

Because there is no liquid market for commercial loans, the funds anticipate that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such securities and a fund's ability to dispose of particular assignments or participations when necessary to meet redemptions of fund shares, to meet the fund's liquidity needs or when necessary in response to a specific economic event, such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower. The lack of a liquid secondary market also may make it more difficult for a fund to assign a value to those securities for purposes of valuing the fund's investments and calculating its net asset value.

Investments in loans through a direct assignment of the financial institution's interests with respect to the loan may involve additional risks to a fund. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, a fund could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is conceivable that under emerging legal theories of lender liability, a fund could be held liable as co-lender. It is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, a fund relies on its sub-adviser's research in an attempt to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the fund.

**Subordinated Securities**

Subordinated securities are subordinated or "junior" to more senior securities of the issuer, or which represent interests in pools of such subordinated or junior securities. Such securities may include so-called "high yield" or "junk" bonds (i.e., bonds that are rated below investment grade by a rating agency or that are determined by a fund's sub-adviser to be of equivalent quality) and preferred stock. Under the terms of subordinated securities, payments that would otherwise be made to their holders may be required to be made to the holders of more senior securities, and/or the subordinated or junior securities may have junior liens, if they have any rights at all, in any collateral (meaning proceeds of the collateral are required to be paid first to the holders of more senior securities). As a result, subordinated or junior securities will be disproportionately adversely affected by a default or even a perceived decline in creditworthiness of the issuer.

**Participation Interests**

A participation interest gives a fund an undivided interest in the security in the proportion that the fund's participation interest bears to the total principal amount of the security. These instruments may have fixed, floating or variable rates of interest, with remaining maturities of 13 months or less. If the participation interest is unrated, or has been given a rating below that which is permissible for purchase by a fund, the participation interest will be backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of a bank, or the payment obligation otherwise will be collateralized by U.S. government securities, or, in the case of unrated participation interests, the fund's sub-adviser must have determined that the instrument is of comparable quality to those instruments in which the fund may invest. For certain participation interests, a fund will have the right to demand payment, on not more than seven days' notice, for all or any part of the fund's participation interest in the security, plus accrued interest. As to these instruments, a fund intends to exercise its right to demand payment only upon a default under the terms of the security, as needed to provide liquidity to meet redemptions, or to maintain or improve the quality of its investment fund.

**Unsecured Promissory Notes**

A fund also may purchase unsecured promissory notes which are not readily marketable and have not been registered under the 1933 Act, provided such investments are consistent with the fund's investment objective.

**Guaranteed Investment Contracts**

A fund may invest in guaranteed investment contracts ("GICs") issued by insurance companies. Pursuant to such contracts, a fund makes cash contributions to a deposit portfolio of the insurance company's general account. The insurance company then credits to the portfolio guaranteed interest. The GICs provide that this guaranteed interest will not be less than a certain minimum rate. The insurance company may assess periodic charges against a GIC for expenses and service costs allocable to it, and the charges will be deducted from the value of the deposit portfolio. Because a fund may not receive the principal amount of a GIC from the insurance company on seven days' notice or less, the GIC is considered an illiquid investment. In determining average weighted portfolio maturity, a GIC will be deemed to have a maturity equal to the longer of the period of time remaining until the next readjustment of the guaranteed interest rate or the period of time remaining until the principal amount can be recovered from the issuer through demand.

------

**Credit-Linked Securities**

Credit-linked securities are issued by a limited purpose trust or other vehicle that, in turn, invests in a basket of derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps, interest rate swaps and other securities, in order to provide exposure to certain high yield or other fixed-income markets. For example, a fund may invest in credit-linked securities as a cash management tool in order to gain exposure to the high yield markets and/or to remain fully invested when more traditional income producing securities are not available. Like an investment in a bond, investments in credit-linked securities represent the right to receive periodic income payments (in the form of distributions) and payment of principal at the end of the term of the security. However, these payments are conditioned on the trust's receipt of payments from, and the trust's potential obligations to, the counterparties to the derivative instruments and other securities in which the trust invests. For instance, the trust may sell one or more credit default swaps, under which the trust would receive a stream of payments over the term of the swap agreements provided that no event of default has occurred with respect to the referenced debt obligation upon which the swap is based. If a default occurs, the stream of payments may stop and the trust would be obligated to pay the counterparty the par (or other agreed upon value) of the referenced debt obligation. This, in turn, would reduce the amount of income and principal that a fund would receive as an investor in the trust. A fund's investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk and management risk. It is expected that the securities will be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the securities and they may constitute illiquid investments.

Certain issuers of structured products may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, a fund's investments in these structured products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.

**Event-Linked Bonds**

A fund may invest a portion of its net assets in "event-linked bonds," which are fixed-income securities for which the return of principal and payment of interest is contingent on the non-occurrence of specific "trigger" event, such as a hurricane, earthquake, or other physical or weather-related phenomenon. Some event-linked bonds are commonly referred to as "catastrophe bonds." If a trigger event causes losses exceeding a specific amount in the geographic region and time period specified in a bond, a fund investing in the bond may lose a portion or all of its principal invested in the bond. If no trigger event occurs, the fund will recover its principal plus interest. For some event-linked bonds, the trigger event or losses may be based on company-wide losses, index-portfolio losses, industry indices, or readings of scientific instruments rather than specified actual losses. Often the event-linked bonds provide for extensions of maturity that are mandatory, or optional at the discretion of the issuer, in order to process and audit loss claims in those cases where a trigger event has, or possibly has, occurred. An extension of maturity may increase volatility. In addition to the specified trigger events, event-linked bonds also may expose a fund to certain unanticipated risks including but not limited to issuer risk, credit risk, counterparty risk, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations, liquidity risk, and adverse tax consequences.

**Equity Securities and Related Investments**

Equity securities, such as common stock, generally represent an ownership interest in a company. While equity securities have historically generated higher average returns than fixed-income securities, equity securities have also experienced significantly more volatility in those returns. An adverse event, such as an unfavorable earnings report, may depress the value of a particular equity security held by a fund. Also, the prices of equity securities, particularly common stocks, are sensitive to general movements in the stock market. A drop in the stock market may depress the price of equity securities held by a fund.

Holders of equity securities are not creditors of the issuer. As such, if an issuer liquidates, holders of equity securities are entitled to their pro rata share of the issuer's assets, if any, after creditors (including the holders of fixed-income securities and senior equity securities) are paid.

There may be little trading in the secondary market for particular equity securities, which may adversely affect a fund's ability to value accurately or dispose of such equity securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and/or liquidity of equity securities.

**Common Stocks:** Common stocks are the most prevalent type of equity security. Common stockholders receive the residual value of the issuer's earnings and assets after the issuer pays its creditors and any preferred stockholders. As a result, changes in an issuer's earnings directly influence the value of its common stock.

**Preferred Stocks:** A fund may purchase preferred stock. Preferred stock pays dividends at a specified rate and has preference over common stock in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of an issuer's assets but is junior to the debt securities of the issuer in those same respects. Preferred stock generally pays quarterly dividends. Preferred stocks may differ in many of their provisions. Among the features that differentiate preferred stocks from one another are the dividend rights, which may be cumulative or non-cumulative and participating or non-participating, redemption provisions, and voting rights. Such features will establish the income return and may affect the prospects for capital appreciation or risks of capital loss.

The market prices of preferred stocks are subject to changes in interest rates and are more sensitive to changes in an issuer's creditworthiness than are the prices of debt securities. Shareholders of preferred stock may suffer a loss of value if dividends are not paid. Under ordinary circumstances, preferred stock does not carry voting rights.

------

**Investments in Initial Public Offerings:** A fund may invest in initial public offerings of equity securities. The market for such securities may be more volatile and entail greater risk of loss than investments in more established companies. Investments in initial public offerings may represent a significant portion of a fund's investment performance. A fund cannot assure that investments in initial public offerings will continue to be available to the fund or, if available, will result in positive investment performance. In addition, as a fund's portfolio grows in size, the impact of investments in initial public offerings on the overall performance of the fund is likely to decrease.

**Warrants and Rights**

A fund may invest in warrants and rights. A warrant is a type of security that entitles the holder to buy a given number of common stock at a specified price, usually higher than the market price at the time of issuance, for a period of years or to perpetuity. The purchaser of a warrant expects the market price of the security will exceed the purchase price of the warrant plus the exercise price of the warrant, thus resulting in a profit. Of course, because the market price may never exceed the exercise price before the expiration date of the warrant, the purchaser of the warrant risks the loss of the entire purchase price of the warrant. In contrast, rights, which also represent the right to buy common shares, normally have a subscription price lower than the current market value of the common stock and are offered during a set subscription period.

Warrants and rights are subject to the same market risks as common stocks, but may be more volatile in price. An investment in warrants or rights may be considered speculative. In addition, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities and a warrant or right ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date.

**Derivatives**

The following investments are subject to limitations as set forth in each fund's investment restrictions and policies.

A fund may utilize options, futures contracts (sometimes referred to as "futures"), options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps (including total return swaps, some of which may be known as contracts for difference), swaps on futures contracts, caps, floors, collars, indexed securities, various mortgage-related obligations, structured or synthetic financial instruments and other derivative instruments (collectively, "Financial Instruments"). A fund may use Financial Instruments for any purpose, including as a substitute for other investments, to attempt to enhance its portfolio's return or yield and to alter the investment characteristics of its portfolio (including to attempt to mitigate risk of loss in some fashion, or "hedge"). A fund may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons, and no assurance can be given that any derivatives strategy employed will be successful.

The U.S. government and certain foreign governments have adopted regulations governing derivatives markets, including mandatory clearing of certain derivatives, margin and reporting requirements. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act governs a fund's use of derivative instruments and certain other transactions that create future payment and/or delivery obligations by the fund. Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits a fund to enter into Derivatives Transactions (as defined below) and certain other transactions notwithstanding the restrictions on the issuance of "senior securities" under Section 18 of the 1940 Act. Section 18 of the 1940 Act, among other things, prohibits open-end funds, including the funds, from issuing or selling any "senior security," other than borrowing from a bank (subject to a requirement to maintain 300% "asset coverage").

Under Rule 18f-4, "Derivatives Transactions" include the following: (1) any swap, security-based swap (including a contract for differences), futures contract, forward contract, option (excluding purchased options), any combination of the foregoing, or any similar instrument, under which a fund is or may be required to make any payment or delivery of cash or other assets during the life of the instrument or at maturity or early termination, whether as margin or settlement payment or otherwise; (2) any short sale borrowing; (3) reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions (e.g., recourse and non-recourse tender option bonds, and borrowed bonds), if the fund elects to treat these transactions as Derivatives Transactions under Rule 18f-4; and (4) when-issued or forward-settling securities (e.g., firm and standby commitments, including to-be-announced ("TBA") commitments, and dollar rolls) and non-standard settlement cycle securities, unless the fund intends to physically settle the transaction and the transaction will settle within 35 days of its trade date.

Rule 18f-4 requires a fund that invests in Derivatives Transactions above a specified amount adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program administered by a derivatives risk manager that is appointed by and overseen by the fund's Board of Trustees, and comply with an outer limit on fund leverage risk based on value at risk. A fund that uses Derivative Transactions in a limited amount are considered "limited derivatives users," as defined by Rule 18f-4, will not be subject to the full requirements of Rule 18f-4, but will have to adopt and implement policies and procedures reasonably designed to manage the fund's derivatives risk. Fundss will be subject to reporting and recordkeeping requirements regarding their derivatives use.

The requirements of Rule 18f-4 may limit a fund's ability to engage in derivatives transactions as part of its investment strategies. These requirements may also increase the cost of a fund's investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect the value of a fund's investments and/or the performance of a fund. The rule also may not be effective to limit a fund's risk of loss. In particular, measurements of value at risk rely on historical data and may not accurately measure the degree of risk reflected in a fund's derivatives or other investments. There may be additional regulation of the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, such as the funds, which could significantly affect their use. The ultimate impact of the regulations remains unclear. Additional regulation of derivatives may make them more costly, limit their availability or utility, otherwise adversely affect their performance or disrupt markets.

In connection with the adoption of Rule 18f-4, the SEC eliminated the asset segregation and coverage framework arising from prior SEC guidance for covering derivatives and similar instruments. A fund may still segregate cash or other liquid or other assets to cover the funding of its obligations under derivatives contracts or make margin payments when it takes positions in derivatives involving obligations to third parties.

------

The use of Financial Instruments may be limited by applicable law and any applicable regulations of the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC"), or the exchanges on which some Financial Instruments may be traded. (Note, however, that some Financial Instruments that a fund may use may not be listed on any exchange and may not be regulated by the SEC or the CFTC.) In addition, a fund's ability to use Financial Instruments may be limited by tax considerations.

In addition to the instruments and strategies discussed in this section, a sub-adviser may discover additional opportunities in connection with Financial Instruments and other similar or related techniques. These opportunities may become available as a sub-adviser develops new techniques, as regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new Financial Instruments or other techniques are developed. A sub-adviser may utilize these opportunities and techniques to the extent that they are consistent with a fund's investment objective and permitted by its investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities. These opportunities and techniques may involve risks different from or in addition to those summarized herein.

This discussion is not intended to limit a fund's investment flexibility, unless such a limitation is expressly stated, and therefore will be construed by a fund as broadly as possible. Statements concerning what a fund may do are not intended to limit any other activity. Also, as with any investment or investment technique, even when the prospectus or this discussion indicates that a fund may engage in an activity, it may not actually do so for a variety of reasons, including cost considerations.

The use of Financial Instruments involves special considerations and risks, certain of which are summarized below, and may result in losses to a fund. In general, the use of Financial Instruments may increase the volatility of a fund and may involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of the risk or exposure assumed. Even a small investment in derivatives may magnify or otherwise increase investment losses to a fund. As noted above, there can be no assurance that any derivatives strategy will succeed.

• Financial Instruments are subject to the risk that the market value of the derivative itself or the market value of underlying instruments will change in a way adverse to a fund's interest. Many Financial Instruments are complex, and successful use of them depends in part upon the sub-adviser's ability to forecast correctly future market trends and other financial or economic factors or the value of the underlying security, index, interest rate, currency or other instrument or measure. Even if a sub-adviser's forecasts are correct, other factors may cause distortions or dislocations in the markets that result in unsuccessful transactions. Financial Instruments may behave in unexpected ways, especially in abnormal or volatile market conditions.

• A fund may segregate cash or other liquid assets to cover the funding of its obligations under Financial Instruments or make margin payments when it takes positions in Financial Instruments involving obligations to third parties. Assets that are segregated or used as cover, margin or collateral may be required to be in the form of cash or liquid securities, and typically may not be sold while the position in the Financial Instrument is open unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. If markets move against a fund's position, the fund may be required to maintain or post additional assets and may have to dispose of existing investments to obtain assets acceptable as collateral or margin. This may prevent it from pursuing its investment objective. Assets that are segregated or used as cover, margin or collateral typically are invested, and these investments are subject to risk and may result in losses to a fund. These losses may be substantial, and may be in addition to losses incurred by using the Financial Instrument in question. If a fund is unable to close out its positions, it may be required to continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the positions expire or mature, and the fund will continue to be subject to investment risk on the assets. In addition, a fund may not be able to recover the full amount of its margin from an intermediary if that intermediary were to experience financial difficulty. Segregation, cover, margin and collateral requirements may impair a fund's ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or require the fund to sell a portfolio security or close out a derivatives position at a disadvantageous time or price.

• A fund's ability to close out or unwind a position in a Financial Instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (the "counterparty") to enter into a transaction closing out the position. If there is no market or a fund is not successful in its negotiations, a fund may not be able to sell or unwind the derivative position at a particular time or at an anticipated price. This may also be the case if the counterparty to the Financial Instrument becomes insolvent. A fund may be required to make delivery of portfolio securities or other assets underlying a Financial Instrument in order to close out a position or to sell portfolio securities or assets at a disadvantageous time or price in order to obtain cash to close out the position. While the position remains open, a fund continues to be subject to investment risk on the Financial Instrument. A fund may or may not be able to take other actions or enter into other transactions, including hedging transactions, to limit or reduce its exposure to the Financial Instrument.

• Certain Financial Instruments transactions may have a leveraging effect on a fund, and adverse changes in the value of the underlying security, index, interest rate, currency or other instrument or measure can result in losses substantially greater than the amount invested in the Financial Instrument itself. When a fund engages in transactions that have a leveraging effect, the value of the fund is likely to be more volatile and all other risks also are likely to be compounded. This is because leverage generally magnifies the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of an asset and creates investment risk with respect to a larger pool of assets than a fund would otherwise have. Certain Financial Instruments have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment.

• Many Financial Instruments may be difficult to value, which may result in increased payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Liquidity risk exists when a particular Financial Instrument is difficult to purchase or sell. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, a fund may be unable to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price. Certain Financial Instruments, including certain over-the-counter (or "OTC") options and swaps, may be considered illiquid and therefore subject to a fund's limitation on illiquid investments.

• In a hedging transaction there may be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between the identity, price or price movements of a Financial Instrument and the identity, price or price movements of the investments being hedged. This lack of correlation may cause the hedge to be unsuccessful and may result in a fund incurring substantial losses and/or not achieving anticipated gains. Even if the strategy works as intended, a fund might have been in a better position had it not attempted to hedge at all.

• Financial Instruments used for non-hedging purposes may result in losses which would not be offset by increases in the value of portfolio holdings or declines in the cost of securities or other assets to be acquired. In the event that a fund uses a Financial Instrument as an alternative to purchasing or selling other investments or in order to obtain desired exposure to an index or market, the fund will be exposed to the same risks as are incurred in purchasing or selling the other investments directly, as well as the risks of the transaction itself.

• Certain Financial Instruments involve the risk of loss resulting from the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure by the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract. In the event of default by a counterparty, a fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, which may be limited by applicable law in the case of the counterparty's bankruptcy.

• Financial Instruments involve operational risk. There may be incomplete or erroneous documentation or inadequate collateral or margin, or transactions may fail to settle. For Financial Instruments not guaranteed by an exchange or clearinghouse, a fund may have only contractual remedies in the event of a counterparty default, and there may be delays, costs or disagreements as to the meaning of contractual terms and litigation, in enforcing those remedies.

• Certain Financial Instruments transactions, including certain options, swaps, forward contracts, and certain options on foreign currencies, are entered into directly by the counterparties and/or through financial institutions acting as market makers ("OTC derivatives"), rather than being traded on exchanges or in markets registered with the CFTC or the SEC. Many of the protections afforded to exchange participants will not be available to participants in OTC derivatives transactions. For example, OTC derivatives transactions are not subject to the guarantee of an exchange, and only OTC derivatives that are either required to be cleared or submitted voluntarily for clearing to a clearinghouse will enjoy the protections that central clearing provides against default by the original counterparty to the trade. In an OTC derivatives transaction that is not cleared, the fund bears the risk of default by its counterparty. In a cleared derivatives transaction, the fund is instead exposed to the risk of default of the clearinghouse and the risk of default of the broker through which it has entered into the transaction. Information available on counterparty creditworthiness may be incomplete or outdated, thus reducing the ability to anticipate counterparty defaults.

• Swap contracts involve special risks. Swaps may in some cases be illiquid. In the absence of a central exchange or market for swap transactions, they may be difficult to trade or value, especially in the event of market disruptions. The Dodd-Frank Act established a comprehensive new regulatory framework for swaps. Under this framework, regulation of the swap market is divided between the SEC and the CFTC. The SEC and CFTC have approved a number rules and interpretations as part of the establishment of this new regulatory regime. It is possible that developments in the swap market, including these new or additional regulations, could adversely affect a fund's ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements. Credit default swaps involve additional risks. For example, credit default swaps increase credit risk since a fund has exposure to both the issuer of the referenced obligation (typically a debt obligation) and the counterparty to the credit default swap.

• Certain derivatives, such as interest rate swaps and credit default swaps that are based on an index, are required under applicable law to be cleared by a regulated clearinghouse. Swaps subject to this requirement are typically submitted for clearing through brokerage firms that are members of the clearinghouse. A fund would establish an account with a brokerage firm to facilitate clearing such a swap, and the clearinghouse would become the fund's counterparty. A brokerage firm would guarantee the fund's performance on the swap to the clearinghouse. The fund would be exposed to the credit risk of the clearinghouse and the brokerage firm that holds the cleared swap. The brokerage firm also would impose margin requirements with respect to open cleared swap positions held by the fund, and the brokerage firm would be able to require termination of those positions in certain circumstances. These margin requirements and termination provisions may adversely affect the fund's ability to trade cleared swaps. In addition, the fund may not be able to recover the full amount of its margin from a brokerage firm if the firm were to go into bankruptcy. It is also possible that the fund would not be able to enter into a swap transaction that is required to be cleared if no clearinghouse will accept the swap for clearing.

• Swaps that are required to be cleared must be traded on a regulated execution facility or contract market that makes them available for trading. The transition from trading swaps bilaterally to trading them on such a facility or market may not result in swaps being easier to trade or value and may present certain execution risks if these facilities and markets do not operate properly. On-facility trading of swaps is also expected to lead to greater standardization of their terms. It is possible that a fund may not be able to enter into swaps that fully meet its investment needs, or that the costs of entering into customized swaps, including any applicable margin requirements, will be significant.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Financial Instruments transactions conducted outside the U.S. may not be conducted in the same manner as those entered into on U.S. exchanges, and may be subject to different margin, exercise, settlement or expiration procedures. Many of the risks of Financial Instruments transactions are also applicable to Financial Instruments used outside the U.S. Financial Instruments used outside the U.S. also are subject to the risks affecting foreign securities, currencies and other instruments.

• Financial Instruments involving currency are subject to additional risks. Currency related transactions may be negatively affected by government exchange controls, blockages, and manipulations. Exchange rates may be influenced by factors extrinsic to a country's economy. Also, there is no systematic reporting of last sale information with respect to foreign currencies. As a result, the information on which trading in currency derivatives is based may not be as complete as, and may be delayed beyond, comparable data for other transactions.

• Use of Financial Instruments involves transaction costs, which may be significant. Use of Financial Instruments also may increase the amount of taxable income to shareholders.

**Hedging:** As stated above, the term "hedging" often is used to describe a transaction or strategy that is intended to mitigate risk of loss in some fashion. Hedging strategies can be broadly categorized as "short hedges" and "long hedges." A short hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential declines in the value of one or more investments held in a fund's portfolio. In a short hedge, a fund takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the opposite direction of the price of the investment being hedged.

Conversely, a long hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential increases in the acquisition cost of one or more investments that a fund intends to acquire. Thus, in a long hedge, a fund takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the same direction as the price of the prospective investment being hedged. A long hedge is sometimes referred to as an anticipatory hedge. In an anticipatory hedge transaction, a fund does not own a corresponding security and, therefore, the transaction does not relate to the portfolio security that a fund owns. Rather, it relates to a security that a fund intends to acquire. If a fund does not complete the hedge by purchasing the security it anticipated purchasing, the effect on the fund's portfolio is the same as if the transaction were entered into for speculative purposes.

In hedging transactions, Financial Instruments on securities (such as options and/or futures) generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in one or more particular securities positions that a fund owns or intends to acquire. Financial Instruments on indices, in contrast, generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in market sectors in which a fund has invested or expects to invest. Financial Instruments on debt securities generally are used to hedge either individual securities or broad debt market sectors.

**Options – Generally:** A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. Purchasers of options pay an amount, known as a premium, to the option writer in exchange for the right under the option contract.

Exchange-traded options in the U.S. are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between a fund and its counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of OTC options generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. When a fund purchases an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty from whom it purchased the option to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by a fund as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.

Writing put or call options can enable a fund to enhance income or yield by reason of the premiums paid by the purchasers of such options. However, a fund may also suffer a loss. For example, if the market price of the security underlying a put option written by a fund declines to less than the exercise price of the option, minus the premium received, it can be expected that the option will be exercised and a fund would be required to purchase the security at more than its market value. If a security appreciates to a price higher than the exercise price of a call option written by a fund, it can be expected that the option will be exercised and a fund will be obligated to sell the security at less than its market value.

The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the current market value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the underlying investment, the historical price volatility of the underlying investment and general market conditions. Options purchased by a fund that expire unexercised have no value, and the fund will realize a loss in the amount of the premium paid and any transaction costs. If an option written by a fund expires unexercised, the fund realizes a gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. Transaction costs must be included in these calculations.

A fund may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering into a closing transaction. For example, a fund may terminate its obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an identical call or put option; this is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, a fund may terminate a position in a put or call option it had purchased by writing an identical put or call option; this is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions permit a fund to realize profits or limit losses on an option position prior to its exercise or expiration. There can be no assurance that it will be possible for a fund to enter into any closing transaction.

------

A type of put that a fund may purchase is an "optional delivery standby commitment," which is entered into by parties selling debt securities to a fund. An optional delivery standby commitment gives a fund the right to sell the security back to the seller on specified terms. This right is provided as an inducement to purchase the security.

**Options on Indices:** Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on securities (described above) or futures contracts (described below) except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities or futures contracts. When a fund writes a call on an index, it receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from a fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the call times a specified multiple ("multiplier"), which determines the total dollar value for each point of such difference. When a fund buys a call on an index, it pays a premium and has the same rights as to such call as are indicated above. When a fund buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon the fund's exercise of the put, to deliver to the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put, which amount of cash is determined by the multiplier, as described above for calls. When a fund writes a put on an index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the fund to deliver to it an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and exercise price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise price.

Options on indices may, depending on the circumstances, involve greater risk than options on securities. Because index options are settled in cash, when a fund writes a call on an index it may not be able to provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying securities.

**Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts:** A financial futures contract sale creates an obligation by the seller to deliver the type of Financial Instrument or, in the case of index and similar futures, cash, called for in the contract in a specified delivery month for a stated price. A financial futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the asset called for in the contract in a specified delivery month at a stated price. Options on futures give the purchaser the right to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option.

Futures strategies can be used to change the duration of a fund's portfolio. If a sub-adviser wishes to shorten the duration of the fund's portfolio, a fund may sell a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or purchase a put option on that futures contract. If a sub-adviser wishes to lengthen the duration of a fund's portfolio, the fund may buy a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or sell a put option thereon.

Futures contracts may also be used for other purposes, such as to simulate full investment in underlying securities while retaining a cash balance for portfolio management purposes, as a substitute for direct investment in a security, to facilitate trading, to reduce transaction costs, or to seek higher investment returns when a futures contract or option is priced more attractively than the underlying security or index.

No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract a fund is required to deposit "initial margin." Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, a fund may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.

Subsequent "variation margin" payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as "marking-to-market." Daily variation margin calls could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If a fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a disadvantageous time or price.

Although some futures and options on futures call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, currencies or cash, generally those contracts are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures or options (involving the same index, currency or underlying security and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a fund realizes a gain, or if it is more, a fund realizes a loss. If an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, a fund realizes a gain, or if it is less, a fund realizes a loss. A fund will also bear transaction costs for each contract, which will be included in these calculations. Positions in futures and options on futures may be closed only on an exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract or options position.

Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day's settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.

If a fund were unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it could incur substantial losses. A fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, a fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.

------

If an index future is used for hedging purposes the risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the price of index futures and movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge increases as the composition of a fund's portfolio diverges from the securities included in the applicable index. The price of the index futures may move more than or less than the price of the securities being hedged. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of the securities being hedged and movements in the price of the index futures, a fund may buy or sell index futures in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of the securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the prices of such securities being hedged is more than the historical volatility of the prices of the securities included in the index. It is also possible that, where a fund has sold index futures contracts to hedge against a decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of the securities held in the fund may decline. If this occurred, a fund would lose money on the futures contract and also experience a decline in value of its portfolio securities.

Where index futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities before a fund is able to invest in them in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline instead. If a sub-adviser then concludes not to invest in them at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, a fund will realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities it had anticipated purchasing.

**Non-U.S. Currency Strategies:** A fund may invest in securities that are denominated in non-U.S. currencies and may engage in a variety of non-U.S. currency exchange transactions to protect against uncertainty in the level of future exchange rates or to earn additional income. A fund may use options and futures contracts, swaps and indexed notes relating to non-U.S. currencies and forward currency contracts to attempt to hedge against movements in the values of the non-U.S. currencies in which the fund's securities are denominated or to attempt to enhance income or yield. Currency hedges can protect against price movements in a security that a fund owns or intends to acquire that are attributable to changes in the value of the currency in which it is denominated. Such hedges do not, however, protect against price movements in the securities that are attributable to other causes.

The value of Financial Instruments on non-U.S. currencies depends on the value of the underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. Because non-U.S. currency transactions occurring in the interbank market might involve substantially larger amounts than those involved in the use of such Financial Instruments, a fund could be disadvantaged by having to deal in the odd lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying non-U.S. currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.

There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for non-U.S. currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Quotation information generally is representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and thus might not reflect odd-lot transactions where rates might be less favorable. The interbank market in non-U.S. currencies is a global, round-the-clock market. To the extent the U.S. options or futures markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements might take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the markets for the Financial Instruments until they reopen.

Settlement of transactions involving non-U.S. currencies might be required to take place within the country issuing the underlying currency. Thus, a fund might be required to accept or make delivery of the underlying non-U.S. currency in accordance with any U.S. or non-U.S. regulations regarding the maintenance of non-U.S. banking arrangements by U.S. residents and might be required to pay any fees, taxes and charges associated with such delivery assessed in the issuing country.

Generally, OTC non-U.S. currency options used by a fund are European-style options. This means that the option is only exercisable immediately prior to its expiration. This is in contrast to American-style options, which are exercisable at any time prior to the expiration date of the option.

**Forward Currency Contracts:** A fund may enter into forward currency contracts to purchase or sell non-U.S. currencies for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars or another non-U.S. currency. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days (term) from the date of the forward currency contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the forward currency contract. These forward currency contracts are traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers.

The cost to a fund of engaging in forward currency contracts varies with factors such as the currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward currency contracts are usually entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. When a fund enters into a forward currency contract, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.

As is the case with futures contracts, parties to forward currency contracts can enter into offsetting closing transactions, similar to closing transactions on futures contracts, by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Secondary markets generally do not exist for forward currency contracts, with the result that closing transactions generally can be made for forward currency contracts only by negotiating directly with the counterparty.

If a fund engages in a forward currency contract with respect to particular securities, the precise matching of forward currency contract amounts and the value of the securities involved generally will not be possible because the value of such securities, measured in the non-U.S. currency, will change after the forward currency contract has been established. Thus, a fund might need to purchase or sell non-U.S. currencies in the spot (cash) market to the extent such non-U.S. currencies are not covered by forward currency contracts.

------

**Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars:** A fund may enter into swaps, caps, floors and collars to preserve a return or a spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the fund anticipates purchasing at a later date, to attempt to enhance yield or total return, or as a substitute for other investments. A swap typically involves the exchange by a fund with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive cash flows, e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed rate payments. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the cap. The purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the floor. A collar combines elements of a cap and a floor.

Swap agreements, including caps, floors and collars, can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of a fund's investments and its share price and yield because, and to the extent, these agreements affect a fund's exposure to long- or short-term interest rates, non-U.S. currency values, mortgage-backed or other security values, corporate borrowing rates or other factors such as security prices or inflation rates.

Swap agreements will tend to shift a fund's investment exposure from one type of investment to another. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options.

If a counterparty's creditworthiness declines, the value of the agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses.

A fund may enter into credit default swap contracts for investment purposes. As the seller in a credit default swap contract, a fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or a non-U.S. corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, a fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, a fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, a fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap which may be significantly larger than a fund's cost to enter into the credit default swap.

A fund may purchase credit default swap contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of debt securities held in its portfolio, in which case a fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. This would involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (or, as applicable, a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve credit risk – that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to a fund in the event of a default.

**Contracts for Difference:** A fund may enter into contracts for difference ("CFDs"). A CFD is a contract between two parties, typically described as "buyer" and "seller," stipulating that the seller will pay to the buyer the difference between the current value of an asset and its value in the future. (If the difference is negative, then the buyer instead pays the seller.) In effect, CFDs are Financial Instruments that allow a fund to take synthetic long or synthetic short positions on underlying assets.

CFDs are subject to liquidity risk because the liquidity of the CFD is based on the liquidity of the underlying instrument, and are subject to counterparty risk, i.e., the risk that the counterparty to the CFD transaction may be unable or unwilling to make payments or to otherwise honor its ﬁnancial obligations under the terms of the contract. To the extent that there is an imperfect correlation between the return on a fund's obligation to its counterparty under the CFD and the return on related assets in its portfolio, the CFD transaction may increase the fund's ﬁnancial risk. CFDs, like many other Financial Instruments, involve the risk that, if the derivative security declines in value, additional margin would be required to maintain the margin level. The seller may require the fund to deposit additional sums to cover this, and this may be at short notice. If additional margin is not provided in time, the seller may liquidate the positions at a loss for which the fund is liable. CFDs are not registered with the SEC or any U.S. regulator, and are not subject to U.S. regulation.

**Combined Positions:** A fund may purchase and write options in combination with each other, or in combination with other Financial Instruments, to adjust the risk and return characteristics of its overall position. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.

**Turnover:** A fund's derivatives activities may affect its turnover rate and brokerage commission payments. The exercise of calls or puts written by a fund, and the sale or purchase of futures contracts, may cause it to sell or purchase related investments, thus increasing its turnover rate. Once a fund has received an exercise notice on an option it has written, it cannot effect a closing transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver or receive the underlying securities at the exercise price. The exercise of puts purchased by a fund may also cause the sale of related investments, also increasing turnover; although such exercise is within a fund's control, holding a protective put might cause it to sell the related investments for reasons that would not exist in the absence of the put. A fund will pay a brokerage commission each time it buys or sells a put or call or purchases or sells a futures contract. Such commissions may be higher than those that would apply to direct purchases or sales.

**Roll Timing:** A fund may engage in roll-timing strategies where the fund seeks to extend the expiration or maturity of a position, such as a forward contract, futures contract or to-be-announced ("TBA") transaction, on an underlying asset by closing out the position before expiration and contemporaneously opening a new position with respect to the same underlying asset that has substantially similar terms except for a later expiration date. Such "rolls" enable the fund to maintain continuous investment exposure to an underlying asset beyond the expiration of the initial position without delivery of the underlying asset. Similarly, as certain standardized swap agreements transition from over-the-counter trading to mandatory exchange-trading and clearing due to the implementation of Dodd-Frank Act regulatory requirements,

------

a fund may "roll" an existing over-the-counter swap agreement by closing out the position before expiration and contemporaneously entering into a new exchange-traded and cleared swap agreement on the same underlying asset with substantially similar terms except for a later expiration date. These types of new positions opened contemporaneous with the closing of an existing position on the same underlying asset with substantially similar terms are collectively referred to as "Roll Transactions."

**Foreign Securities**

The following investments are subject to limitations as set forth in each fund's investment restrictions and policies.

A fund may invest in foreign securities through the purchase of securities of foreign issuers or of American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") and Fiduciary Depositary Receipts ("FDRs") or other securities representing underlying shares of foreign companies.

The risks of investing in securities of non-U.S. issuers or issuers with significant exposure to non-U.S. markets may be related, among other things, to (i) differences in size, liquidity and volatility of, and the degree and manner of regulation of, the securities markets of certain non-U.S. markets compared to the securities markets in the U.S.; (ii) economic, political and social factors; and (iii) foreign exchange matters, such as restrictions on the repatriation of capital, fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which a fund's portfolio securities are quoted or denominated, exchange control regulations and costs associated with currency exchange. The political and economic structures in certain foreign countries, particularly emerging markets and frontier markets, are expected to undergo significant evolution and rapid development, and such countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristic of more developed countries.

Unanticipated political or social developments may affect the values of a fund's investments in such countries. The economies and securities and currency markets of many emerging markets have experienced significant disruption and declines. There can be no assurances that these economic and market disruptions will not continue.

Securities of some foreign companies are less liquid, and their prices are more volatile, than securities of comparable domestic companies. Certain foreign countries are known to experience long delays between the trade and settlement dates of securities purchased or sold resulting in increased exposure of a fund to market and foreign exchange fluctuations brought about by such delays, and to the corresponding negative impact on fund liquidity.

The interest payable on a fund's foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, which will reduce the fund's return on its investments. In addition, the operating expenses of a fund making such investment can be expected to be higher than those of an investment company investing exclusively in U.S. securities, since the costs of investing in foreign securities, such as custodial costs, valuation costs and communication costs, are higher than the costs of investing exclusively in U.S. securities.

There may be less publicly available information about non-U.S. markets and issuers than is available with respect to U.S. securities and issuers. Non-U.S. companies generally are not subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. The trading markets for most non-U.S. securities are generally less liquid and subject to greater price volatility than the markets for comparable securities in the U.S. The markets for securities in frontier markets and certain emerging markets are in the earliest stages of their development. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in certain non-U.S. markets, including emerging countries, may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the U.S. In addition, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity. The less liquid a market, the more difficult it may be for a fund to accurately price its portfolio securities or to dispose of such securities at the times determined by a sub-adviser to be appropriate. The risks associated with reduced liquidity may be particularly acute in situations in which a fund's operations require cash, such as in order to meet redemptions and to pay its expenses.

A fund may invest in securities of emerging market and frontier market countries. Emerging market countries typically have economic and political systems that are less fully developed, and that can be expected to be less stable. Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies and even less developed capital markets than emerging markets countries. These securities may be U.S. dollar denominated or non-U.S. dollar denominated and include: (a) debt obligations issued or guaranteed by foreign national, provincial, state, municipal or other governments with taxing authority or by their agencies or instrumentalities, including Brady Bonds; (b) debt obligations of supranational entities; (c) debt obligations (including dollar and non-dollar denominated) and other debt securities of foreign corporate issuers; and (d) non-dollar denominated debt obligations of U.S. corporate issuers. A fund may also invest in securities denominated in currencies of emerging market or frontier market countries. There is no minimum rating criteria for a fund's investments in such securities.

Certain non-U.S. countries, including emerging markets and frontier markets, may be subject to a greater degree of economic, political and social instability. Such instability may result from, among other things: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision making; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved economic, political and social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; and (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection and conflict. Such economic, political and social instability could significantly disrupt the financial markets in such countries and the ability of the issuers in such countries to repay their obligations. In addition, it may be difficult for the fund to pursue claims against a foreign issuer in the courts of a foreign country. Investing in emerging countries also involves the risk of expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested. In the event of such expropriation, nationalization or other confiscation in any emerging country, a fund could lose its entire investment in that country. Certain emerging market countries

------

restrict or control foreign investment in their securities markets to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit a fund's investment in those markets and may increase the expenses of a fund. In addition, the repatriation of both investment income and capital from certain markets in the region is subject to restrictions such as the need for certain governmental consents. Even where there is no outright restriction on repatriation of capital, the mechanics of repatriation may affect certain aspects of a fund's operation. Economies in individual non-U.S. countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rates of inflation, currency valuation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments positions. Many non-U.S. countries have experienced substantial, and in some cases extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, very negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging countries. Economies in emerging countries generally are dependent heavily upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been, and may continue to be, affected adversely and significantly by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.

Custodian services and other costs relating to investment in international securities markets generally are more expensive than in the U.S. Such markets have settlement and clearance procedures that differ from those in the U.S. In certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. The inability of a fund to make intended securities purchases because of settlement problems could cause a fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of a portfolio security caused by settlement problems could result either in losses to a fund because of a subsequent decline in value of the portfolio security or could result in possible liability to the fund. In addition, security settlement and clearance procedures in some emerging countries may not fully protect a fund against loss or theft of its assets.

A fund may be subject to taxes, including withholding taxes imposed by certain non-U.S. countries on income (possibly including, in some cases, capital gains) earned with respect to the fund's investments in such countries. These taxes will reduce the return achieved by a fund. Treaties between the U.S. and such countries may reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.

The value of the securities quoted or denominated in foreign currencies may be adversely affected by fluctuations in the relative currency exchange rates and by exchange control regulations. A fund's investment performance may be negatively affected by a devaluation of a currency in which the fund's investments are quoted or denominated. Further, a fund's investment performance may be significantly affected, either positively or negatively, by currency exchange rates because the U.S. dollar value of securities quoted or denominated in another currency will increase or decrease in response to changes in the value of such currency in relation to the U.S. dollar.

The rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and other currencies is determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets. Changes in the exchange rate may result over time from the interaction of many factors directly or indirectly affecting economic conditions and political developments in other countries. Of particular importance are rates of inflation, interest rate levels, the balance of payments and the extent of government surpluses or deficits in the U.S. and the particular foreign country. All these factors are in turn sensitive to the monetary, fiscal and trade policies pursued by the governments of the U.S. and other foreign countries important to international trade and finance. Government intervention may also play a significant role. National governments rarely voluntarily allow their currencies to float freely in response to economic forces. Sovereign governments use a variety of techniques, such as intervention by a country's central bank or imposition of regulatory controls or taxes, to affect the exchange rates of their currencies.

**ADRs, EDRs and GDRs:** A fund may also purchase ADRs, American Depositary Debentures, American Depositary Notes, American Depositary Bonds, EDRs, GDRs and FDRs, or other securities representing underlying shares of foreign companies. ADRs are publicly traded on exchanges or over-the-counter in the U.S. and are issued through "sponsored" or "unsponsored" arrangements. In a sponsored ADR arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depository's transaction fees, whereas under an unsponsored arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes no obligation and the depository's transaction fees are paid by the ADR holders. In addition, less information is available in the U.S. about an unsponsored ADR than about a sponsored ADR, and the financial information about a company may not be as reliable for an unsponsored ADR as it is for a sponsored ADR. A fund may invest in ADRs through both sponsored and unsponsored arrangements. EDRs and GDRs are securities that are typically issued by foreign banks or foreign trust companies, although U.S. banks or U.S. trust companies may issue them. EDRs and GDRs are structured similarly to the arrangements of ADRs. EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets.

**Eurodollar or Yankee Obligations:** Eurodollar bank obligations are dollar denominated debt obligations issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Yankee obligations are dollar denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by foreign issuers. Eurodollar (and to a limited extent, Yankee) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a foreign government might prevent dollar denominated funds from flowing across its borders. Other risks include: adverse political and economic developments in a foreign country; the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions; the imposition of foreign withholding taxes; and expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers.

**Sovereign Government and Supranational Debt:** A fund may invest in all types of debt securities of governmental issuers in all countries, including emerging markets. These sovereign debt securities may include: debt securities issued or guaranteed by governments, governmental agencies or instrumentalities and political subdivisions located in emerging market countries; debt securities issued by government owned, controlled or sponsored entities located in emerging market countries; interests in entities organized and operated for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of instruments issued by any of the above issuers; Brady Bonds, which are debt securities issued under the framework of the Brady Plan as a means for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external indebtedness;

------

participations in loans between emerging market governments and financial institutions; or debt securities issued by supranational entities such as the World Bank or the European Economic Community. A supranational entity is a bank, commission or company established or financially supported by the national governments of one or more countries to promote reconstruction or development.

Sovereign debt is subject to risks in addition to those relating to non-U.S. investments generally. As a sovereign entity, the issuing government may be immune from lawsuits in the event of its failure or refusal to pay the obligations when due. The debtor's willingness or ability to repay in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its non-U.S. reserves, the availability of sufficient non-U.S. exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward principal international lenders and the political constraints to which the sovereign debtor may be subject. Sovereign debtors may also be dependent on disbursements or assistance from foreign governments or multinational agencies, the country's access to trade and other international credits, and the country's balance of trade. Assistance may be dependent on a country's implementation of austerity measures and reforms, which measures may limit or be perceived to limit economic growth and recovery. Some sovereign debtors have rescheduled their debt payments, declared moratoria on payments or restructured their debt to effectively eliminate portions of it, and similar occurrences may happen in the future. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which sovereign debt on which governmental entities have defaulted may be collected in whole or in part.

**Russian Securities**

A fund may invest directly in the securities of Russian issuers or may have indirect exposure to Russian securities through its investment in one or more funds with direct investments in Russia. Investment in those securities presents many of the same risks as investing in the securities of emerging country issuers, as described above. The social, political, legal, and operational risks of investing in Russian issuers, and of having assets held in custody within Russia, however, may be particularly pronounced relative to investments in more developed countries. Russia's system of share registration and custody creates certain risks of loss (including the risk of total loss) that are not normally associated with investments in other securities markets.

A risk with respect to direct investment in Russian securities results from the way in which ownership of shares of companies is normally recorded. Ownership of shares (except where shares are held through depositories that meet the requirements of the 1940 Act) is defined according to entries in the company's share register and normally evidenced by "share extracts" from the register or, in certain circumstances, by formal share certificates. However, there is no central registration system for shareholders and these services are carried out by the companies themselves or by registrars located throughout Russia. The share registrars are controlled by the issuer of the security, and investors are provided with few legal rights against such registrars. These registrars are not necessarily subject to effective state supervision, nor are they licensed with any governmental entity. It is possible for a fund to lose its registration through fraud, negligence, or even mere oversight. Each applicable fund will endeavor to ensure that its interest is appropriately recorded, which may involve a custodian or other agent inspecting the share register and obtaining extracts of share registers through regular confirmations. However, these extracts have no legal enforceability and it is possible that a subsequent illegal amendment or other fraudulent act may deprive a fund of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its interests. In addition, while applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for a fund to enforce any rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the event of a loss of share registration. Further, significant delays or problems may occur in registering the transfer of securities, which could cause a fund to incur losses due to a counterparty's failure to pay for securities the fund has delivered or the fund's inability to complete its contractual obligations because of theft or other reasons.

Also, although a Russian public enterprise having a certain minimum number of shareholders is required by law to contract out the maintenance of its shareholder register to an independent entity that meets certain criteria, this regulation has not always been strictly enforced in practice. Because of this lack of independence, management of a company may be able to exert considerable influence over who can purchase and sell the company's shares by illegally instructing the registrar to refuse to record transactions in the share register.

In addition, Russia's military invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 resulted in the U.S., other countries and certain international organizations levying broad economic sanctions against Russia. These sanctions froze certain Russian assets and prohibited, among other things, trading in certain Russian securities and doing business with specific Russian corporate entities, large financial institutions, officials and oligarchs. The sanctions also included the removal of some Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT), the electronic network that connects banks globally, and imposed restrictive measures to prevent the Russian Central Bank from undermining the impact of the sanctions. The U.S. and other countries have also imposed economic sanctions on Belarus and may impose sanctions on other countries that support Russia's military invasion. A number of large corporations and U.S. states have also announced plans to divest interests or otherwise curtail business dealings with certain Russian businesses. In addition, certain index providers have removed Russian securities from their indices. These actions and any additional sanctions or other intergovernmental actions that may be undertaken against Russia or other countries that support Russia's military invasion in the future may result in the devaluation of Russian or other affected currencies, a downgrade in the sanctioned country's credit rating, and a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities and securities of issuers in other countries that support the invasion. In response to sanctions, the Russian Central Bank raised its interest rates and banned sales of local securities by foreigners. Russia may take additional countermeasures or retaliatory actions, which may also impair the value and liquidity of Russian securities and a fund's investments. The potential for wider conflict may further decrease the value and liquidity of certain Russian securities and securities of issuers in other countries affected by the invasion. In addition, the ability to price, buy, sell, receive, or deliver such securities is also affected due to these measures. For example, a fund may be prohibited from investing in securities issued by companies subject to such sanctions. In addition, the sanctions and/or countermeasures taken by Russia in response to the sanctions may require a fund to freeze its existing investments in companies operating in or having dealings with Russia or

------

other sanctioned countries, which would prevent a fund from selling these investments, and the value of such investments held by a fund could be significantly impacted, which could lead to such investments being valued at zero. Any exposure that a fund may have to Russian counterparties or counterparties in other sanctioned countries also could negatively impact a fund's portfolio. The extent and duration of Russia's military actions, including any retaliatory actions or countermeasures that may be taken by Russia or others subject to sanctions (such as cyberattacks on other governments, corporations or individuals, restricting natural gas or other exports to other countries, seizure of U.S. and European residents' assets, or undertaking or provoking other military conflict elsewhere in Europe) are unpredictable, but could result in significant market disruptions. These and any related events could significantly impact a fund's performance and the value of an investment in a fund even beyond any direct exposure a fund may have to Russian issuers or issuers in other countries affected by the invasion.

**Other Investments**

**Illiquid Investments**

An illiquid investment is any investment that a fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Illiquid investments may be difficult to value, and a fund may have difficulty disposing of such securities promptly.

The sale of illiquid investments often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the OTC markets. A fund may be restricted in its ability to sell such securities at a time when a fund's sub-adviser deems it advisable to do so. In addition, in order to meet redemption requests, a fund may have to sell other assets, rather than such illiquid investments, at a time that is not advantageous.

Each fund monitors the portion of its total assets that are invested in illiquid investments on an ongoing basis, not only at the time of the investment in such securities.

**Investments in the Real Estate Industry and Real Estate Investment Trusts ("REITs")**

REITs are pooled investment vehicles which invest primarily in income producing real estate, or real estate related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with the applicable requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Debt securities issued by REITs, for the most part, are general and unsecured obligations and are subject to risks associated with REITs.

Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. An equity REIT may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT. A mortgage REIT may be affected by changes in interest rates and the ability of the issuers of its portfolio mortgages to repay their obligations. REITs are dependent upon the skills of their managers and are not diversified. REITs are generally dependent upon maintaining cash flows to repay borrowings and to make distributions to shareholders and are subject to the risk of default by lessees or borrowers. REITs whose underlying assets are concentrated in properties used by a particular industry, such as health care, are also subject to industry related risks.

REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risk. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT's investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT's investment in fixed rate obligations can be expected to decline. If the REIT invests in adjustable rate mortgage loans the interest rates on which are reset periodically, yields on a REIT's investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates. This causes the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed rate obligations. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically, REITs have been more volatile in price than the larger capitalization stocks included in the S&P 500 Index.

Certain funds may invest in foreign real estate companies, which are similar to entities organized and operated as REITs in the U.S. Foreign real estate companies may be subject to laws, rules and regulations governing those entities and their failure to comply with those laws, rules and regulations could negatively impact the performance of those entities. In addition, investments in REITs and foreign real estate companies may involve duplication of management fees and certain other expenses, and a fund indirectly bears its proportionate share of any expenses paid by REITs and foreign real estate companies in which it invests.

**Commodities and Natural Resources**

Commodities may include, among other things, oil, gas, timber, farm products, minerals, precious metals, for example, gold, silver, platinum, and palladium, and other natural resources. Certain funds may invest in companies (such as mining, dealing or transportation companies) with substantial exposure to, or instruments that result in exposure to, commodities markets. Commodities generally and particular commodities have, at times been subject to substantial price fluctuations over short periods of time and may be affected by unpredictable monetary and political policies such as currency devaluations or revaluations, economic and social conditions within a country, trade imbalances, or trade or currency restrictions between countries. The prices of commodities may be, however, less subject to local and

------

company-specific factors than securities of individual companies. As a result, commodity prices may be more or less volatile in price than securities of companies engaged in commodity-related businesses. Investments in commodities can present concerns such as delivery, storage and maintenance, possible illiquidity, and the unavailability of accurate market valuations.

**Commodity-Linked Investments** 

A fund may seek to provide exposure to the investment returns of real assets that trade in the commodity markets through investments in commodity-linked investments, including commodities futures contracts, commodity-linked derivatives, and commodity-linked notes. Real assets are assets such as oil, gas, industrial and precious metals, livestock, and agricultural or meat products, or other items that have tangible properties, as compared to stocks or bonds, which are financial instruments. The value of commodity-linked investments held by a fund may be affected by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, overall market movements and other factors affecting the value of particular industries or commodities, such as weather, disease, embargoes, acts of war or terrorism, or political and regulatory developments.

The prices of commodity-linked investments may move in different directions than investments in traditional equity and debt securities when the value of those traditional securities is declining due to adverse economic conditions. As an example, during periods of rising inflation, debt securities have historically tended to decline in value due to the general increase in prevailing interest rates. Conversely, during those same periods of rising inflation, the prices of certain commodities, such as oil and metals, have historically tended to increase. Of course, there cannot be any guarantee that these investments will perform in that manner in the future, and at certain times the price movements of commodity-linked investments have been parallel to those of debt and equity securities. Commodities have historically tended to increase and decrease in value during different parts of the business cycle than financial assets. Nevertheless, at various times, commodities prices may move in tandem with the prices of financial assets and thus may not provide overall fund diversification benefits. Under favorable economic conditions, a fund's commodity-linked investments may be expected to underperform an investment in traditional securities.

**Hybrid Instruments**

Hybrid instruments combine the elements of futures contracts or options with those of debt, preferred equity or a depository instrument. Often these hybrid instruments are indexed to the price of a commodity, particular currency, or a domestic or foreign debt or equity securities index. Hybrid instruments may take a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, debt instruments with interest or principal payments or redemption terms determined by reference to the value of a currency or commodity or securities index at a future point in time, preferred stock with dividend rates determined by reference to the value of a currency, or convertible securities with the conversion terms related to a particular commodity. Hybrid instruments may bear interest or pay dividends at below-market (or even relatively nominal) rates. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of such an instrument could be zero. Hybrid instruments are normally at the bottom of an issuer's debt capital structure. As such, they may be more sensitive to economic changes than more senior debt securities. These securities may also be viewed as more equity-like by the market when the issuer or its parent company experience financial problems. Hybrid instruments can have volatile prices and limited liquidity, and their use may not be successful.

**Trade Claims**

Trade claims are non-securitized rights of payment arising from obligations that typically arise when vendors and suppliers extend credit to a company by offering payment terms for products and services. If the company files for bankruptcy, payments on these trade claims stop and the claims are subject to compromise along with the other debts of the company. Trade claims may be purchased directly from the creditor or through brokers. There is no guarantee that a debtor will ever be able to satisfy its trade claim obligations. Trade claims are speculative and are subject to the risks associated with low-quality obligations.

**Passive Foreign Investment Companies**

Certain foreign entities called passive foreign investment companies have been the only or primary way to invest in certain countries. In addition to bearing their proportionate share of a fund's expenses (management fees and operating expenses), shareholders will also indirectly bear similar expenses of passive foreign investment companies in which the fund invests. Capital gains on the sale of such holdings are considered ordinary income regardless of how long the fund held its investment. In addition, the shareholders may be subject to corporate income tax and an interest charge on certain dividends and capital gains earned by a fund from these investments.

To avoid such tax and interest, each fund generally intends to treat these securities as sold on the last day of its fiscal year and recognize any gains for tax purposes at that time; deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any gains resulting from these deemed sales for prior taxable years. Such gains and losses will be treated as ordinary income.

**Master Limited Partnerships**

Master Limited Partnership ("MLPs") are limited partnerships whose shares (or units) are listed and traded on a U.S. securities exchange, just like common stock. To qualify for tax treatment as a partnership, an MLP must receive at least 90% of its income from qualifying sources such as natural resource activities. Natural resource activities include the exploration, development, mining, production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and marketing of mineral or natural resources. MLPs generally have two classes of owners, the general partner and limited partners. The general partner, which is generally a major energy company, investment fund or the management of the MLP, typically controls the MLP through a 2% general partner equity interest in the MLP plus common units and subordinated units. Limited partners own the remainder of the partnership, through ownership of common units, and have a limited role in the partnership's operations and management.

------

MLPs are typically structured such that common units have first priority to receive quarterly cash distributions up to an established minimum quarterly dividend ("MQD"). Common units also accrue arrearages in distributions to the extent the MQD is not paid. Once common units have been paid, subordinated units receive distributions of up to the MQD, but subordinated units do not accrue arrearages. Distributable cash in excess of the MQD paid to both common and subordinated units is distributed to both common and subordinated units generally on a pro rata basis. The general partner is also eligible to receive incentive distributions if the general partner operates the business in a manner which maximizes value to unit holders. As the general partner increases cash distributions to the limited partners, the general partner receives an increasingly higher percentage of the incremental cash distributions. A common arrangement provides that the general partner can reach a tier where the general partner is receiving 50% of every incremental dollar paid to common and subordinated unit holders. By providing for incentive distributions the general partner is encouraged to streamline costs and acquire assets in order to grow the partnership, increase the partnership's cash flow, and raise the quarterly cash distribution in order to reach higher tiers. Such results benefit all security holders of the MLP.

**MLP I-Shares**

I-Shares represent an ownership interest issued by an affiliated party of an MLP. The MLP affiliate issuing the I-Shares is structured as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. I-Shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") and the NYSE AMEX. The MLP affiliate uses the proceeds from the sale of I-Shares to purchase limited partnership interests in the MLP in the form of i-units. i-units generally receive no allocations of income, gain, loss or deduction unless and until the MLP is liquidated. In addition, rather than receiving cash distributions, the MLP affiliate receives additional i-units based on a formula. Similarly, holders of I-Shares will receive additional I-Shares, in the same proportion as the MLP affiliates' receipt of i-units, rather than cash distributions. Distributions of additional i-units and of additional I-Shares generally are not taxable events for the MLP affiliate and the holder of the I-Shares, respectively. I-Shares themselves have limited voting rights which are similar to those applicable to MLP common units.

**Energy Infrastructure Companies**

Companies engaged in the energy infrastructure sector principally include publicly-traded MLPs and limited liability companies taxed as partnerships, MLP affiliates, Canadian income trusts and their successor companies, pipeline companies, utilities, and other companies that derive a substantial portion of their revenues from operating or providing services in support of infrastructure assets such as pipelines, power transmission and petroleum and natural gas storage in the petroleum, natural gas and power generation industries (collectively, "Energy Infrastructure Companies").

Energy Infrastructure Companies may be directly affected by energy commodity prices, especially those Energy Infrastructure Companies which own the underlying energy commodity. Commodity prices fluctuate for several reasons, including changes in market and economic conditions, the impact of weather on demand, levels of domestic production and imported commodities, energy conservation, domestic and foreign governmental regulation and taxation and the availability of local, intrastate and interstate transportation systems.

A decrease in the production or availability of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, coal or other energy commodities or a decrease in the volume of such commodities available for transportation, processing, storage or distribution may adversely impact the financial performance of Energy Infrastructure Companies. In addition, Energy Infrastructure Companies engaged in the production of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products or coal are subject to the risk that their commodity reserves naturally deplete over time.

Energy Infrastructure Companies are subject to significant federal, state and local government regulation in virtually every aspect of their operations, including how facilities are constructed, maintained and operated, environmental and safety controls, and the prices they may charge for products and services. Various governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these regulations and the permits issued under them and violators are subject to administrative, civil and criminal penalties, including civil fines, injunctions or both. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may adversely affect the financial performance of Energy Infrastructure Companies.

Natural disasters, such as hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, also may impact Energy Infrastructure Companies.

**Other Investment Companies**

Subject to applicable statutory and regulatory limitations, a fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, including shares of other mutual funds, closed-end funds, and unregistered investment companies. Pursuant to a statutory exemption or an exemptive rule adopted by the SEC, a fund may invest in other investment companies beyond the statutory limits prescribed by the 1940 Act. The SEC recently adopted certain regulatory changes and took other actions related to the ability of an investment company to invest in the securities of another investment company. These changes include, among other things, the rescission of certain SEC exemptive orders permitting investments in excess of the statutory limits and the withdrawal of certain related SEC staff no-action letters, and the adoption of Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act. Effective January 19, 2022, new Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that the fund enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Investments in other investment companies are subject to the risk of the securities in which those investment companies invest. In addition, to the extent a fund invests in securities of other investment companies, fund shareholders would indirectly pay a portion of the operating costs of such companies in addition to the expenses of a fund's own operation. These costs include management, brokerage, shareholder servicing and other operational expenses.

------

Certain sub-advisers have received an exemptive order from the SEC permitting funds that are sub-advised by the sub-adviser to invest in affiliated registered money market funds and ETFs, and in an affiliated private investment company; provided however, that, among other limitations, in all cases the fund's aggregate investment of cash in shares of such investment companies shall not exceed 25% of its total assets at any time.

**Exchange-Traded Funds ("ETFs")**

ETFs are typically registered investment companies whose securities are traded over an exchange at their market price. ETFs generally represent a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market index or other group of securities. Other ETFs are actively managed and seek to achieve a stated objective by investing in a portfolio of securities and other assets. A fund may purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market pending the purchase of individual securities. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities, although the potential lack of liquidity of an ETF could result in it being more volatile. There is also a risk that the general level of securities prices may decline, thereby adversely affecting the value of ETFs invested in by a fund. Moreover, a fund's investments in index-based ETFs may not exactly match the performance of a direct investment in the respective indices or portfolios of securities to which they are intended to correspond due to the temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or other factors, such as discrepancies with respect to the weighting of securities. Additionally, ETFs have management fees which increase their costs.

Unlike shares of typical mutual funds or unit investment trusts, shares of ETFs are designed to be traded throughout a trading day, bought and sold based on market values and not at net asset value. For this reason, shares could trade at either a premium or discount to net asset value. However, the funds held by index-based ETFs are publicly disclosed on each trading day, and an approximation of actual net asset value is disseminated throughout the trading day. Because of this transparency, the trading prices of index based ETFs tend to closely track the actual net asset value of the underlying portfolios and a fund will generally gain or lose value depending on the performance of the index. However, gains or losses on a fund's investment in ETFs will ultimately depend on the purchase and sale price of the ETF. A fund may invest in ETFs that are actively managed. Actively managed ETFs do not have the transparency of index-based ETFs, and also therefore, are more likely to trade at a discount or premium to actual net asset values.

**Exchange-Traded Notes ("ETNs")**

ETNs are generally notes representing debt of the issuer, usually a financial institution. ETNs combine both aspects of bonds and ETFs. An ETN's returns are based on the performance of one or more underlying assets, reference rates or indexes, minus fees and expenses. Similar to ETFs, ETNs are listed on an exchange and traded in the secondary market. However, unlike an ETF, an ETN can be held until the ETN's maturity, at which time the issuer will pay a return linked to the performance of the specific asset, index or rate ("reference instrument") to which the ETN is linked minus certain fees. Unlike regular bonds, ETNs do not make periodic interest payments, and principal is not protected. ETNs are not registered or regulated as investment companies under the 1940 Act.

The value of an ETN may be influenced by, among other things, time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying markets, changes in the applicable interest rates, the performance of the reference instrument, changes in the issuer's credit rating and economic, legal, political or geographic events that affect the reference instrument. An ETN that is tied to a reference instrument may not replicate the performance of the reference instrument. ETNs also incur certain expenses not incurred by their applicable reference instrument. Some ETNs that use leverage can, at times, be relatively illiquid and, thus, they may be difficult to purchase or sell at a fair price. Levered ETNs are subject to the same risk as other instruments that use leverage in any form. While leverage allows for greater potential return, the potential for loss is also greater. Finally, additional losses may be incurred if the investment loses value because, in addition to the money lost on the investment, the loan still needs to be repaid.

Because the return on the ETN is dependent on the issuer's ability or willingness to meet its obligations, the value of the ETN may change due to a change in the issuer's credit rating, despite no change in the underlying reference instrument. The market value of ETN shares may differ from the value of the reference instrument. This difference in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETN shares at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the assets underlying the reference instrument that the ETN seeks to track.

There may be restrictions on a fund's right to redeem its investment in an ETN, which are generally meant to be held until maturity. The fund's decision to sell its ETN holdings may be limited by the availability of a secondary market. An investor in an ETN could lose some or all of the amount invested. The timing and character of income and gains derived from ETNs is under consideration by the U.S. Treasury and Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") and may also be affected by future legislation.

**Dollar Roll Transactions**

"Dollar roll" transactions consist of the sale by a fund to a bank or broker-dealer (the "counterparty") of Ginnie Mae certificates or other mortgage-backed securities together with a commitment to purchase from the counterparty similar, but not identical, securities at a future date. The counterparty receives all principal and interest payments, including prepayments, made on the security while it is the holder. A fund receives a fee from the counterparty as consideration for entering into the commitment to purchase. Dollar rolls may be renewed over a period of several months with a different repurchase price and a cash settlement made at each renewal without physical delivery of securities. Moreover, the transaction may be preceded by a firm commitment agreement pursuant to which a fund agrees to buy a security on a future date. A fund will not use such transactions for leveraging purposes.

------

The entry into dollar rolls involves potential risks of loss that are different from those related to the securities underlying the transactions. For example, if the counterparty becomes insolvent, a fund's right to purchase from the counterparty might be restricted. In addition, the value of such securities may change adversely before a fund is able to purchase them. Similarly, a fund may be required to purchase securities in connection with a dollar roll at a higher price than may otherwise be available on the open market. Since, as noted above, the counterparty is required to deliver a similar, but not identical, security to a fund, the security that the fund is required to buy under the dollar roll may be worth less than an identical security. Finally, there can be no assurance that a fund's use of the cash that it receives from a dollar roll will provide a return that exceeds the transaction costs.

**Short Sales**

In short selling transactions, a fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the price of the security will decline. The fund must borrow the same security and deliver it to the buyer to complete the sale. The fund will incur a profit or a loss, depending upon whether the market price of the security decreases or increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the fund must replace the borrowed security. Unlike taking a long position in a security by purchasing the security, where potential losses are limited to the purchase price, possible losses from short sales may, theoretically, be unlimited (e.g., if the price of a stock sold short rises) and a fund may be unable to replace a borrowed security sold short. A fund also may be unable to close out an established short position at an acceptable price and may have to sell long positions at disadvantageous times to cover its short positions.

Short sales also involve other costs. A fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to turn over any payments received on such borrowed securities to the lender of the securities. A fund secures its obligation to replace the borrowed security by depositing collateral with the lender or its custodian or qualified sub-custodian, usually in cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities similar to those borrowed. All short sales will be fully collateralized.

A fund may sell securities "short against the box." In short sales "against the box," the fund, at all times when the short position is open, owns an equal amount of the securities sold short or has the right to obtain, at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. When selling short against the box, if the price of such securities were to increase rather than decrease, the fund would forgo the potential realization of the increased value of the shares sold short.

**International Agency Obligations**

Bonds, notes or Eurobonds of international agencies include securities issued by the Asian Development Bank, the European Economic Community, and the European Investment Bank. A fund may also purchase obligations of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development which, while technically not a U.S. government agency or instrumentality, has the right to borrow from the participating countries, including the U.S.

**When-Issued, Delayed Settlement and Forward Delivery Securities**

Securities may be purchased and sold on a "when-issued," "delayed settlement" or "forward (delayed) delivery" basis. "When-issued" or "forward delivery" refers to securities whose terms are available, and for which a market exists, but which are not available for immediate delivery. When-issued or forward delivery transactions may be expected to occur a month or more before delivery is due.

A fund may engage in when-issued or forward delivery transactions to obtain what is considered to be an advantageous price and yield at the time of the transaction. When a fund engages in when-issued or forward delivery transactions, it will do so consistent with its investment objective and policies and not for the purpose of investment leverage (although leverage may result).

"Delayed settlement" is a term used to describe settlement of a securities transaction in the secondary market that will occur sometime in the future. No payment or delivery is made by a fund until it receives payment or delivery from the other party to any of the above transactions.

New issues of stocks and bonds, private placements and U.S. government securities may be sold in this manner.

At the time of settlement, the market value and/or the yield of the security may be more or less than the purchase price. A fund bears the risk of such market value fluctuations. These transactions also involve the risk that the other party to the transaction may defaults on its obligation to make payment or delivery. As a result, a fund may be delayed or prevented from completing the transaction and may incur additional costs as a consequence of the delay.

**Additional Information**

**Temporary Defensive Position**

At times a fund's sub-adviser may judge that conditions in the securities markets make pursuing the fund's typical investment strategy inconsistent with the best interest of its shareholders. At such times, a sub-adviser may temporarily use alternative strategies, primarily designed to reduce fluctuations in the value of the fund's assets. In implementing these defensive strategies, a fund may invest without limit in securities that a sub-adviser believes present less risk to a fund, including equity securities, debt and fixed-income securities, preferred stocks, U.S. government and agency obligations, cash or money market instruments, CDs, demand and time deposits, bankers' acceptance or other securities a sub-adviser considers consistent with such defensive strategies, such as, but not limited to, options, futures, warrants or swaps. During periods in which such strategies are used, the duration of a fund may diverge from the duration range for that fund disclosed in its prospectus (if applicable). It is impossible to predict when, or for how long, a fund will use these alternative strategies. As a result of using these alternative strategies, a fund may not achieve its investment objective.

------

**Borrowings**

A fund may engage in borrowing transactions as a means of raising cash to satisfy redemption requests, for other temporary or emergency purposes or, to the extent permitted by its investment policies, to raise additional cash to be invested by the fund's portfolio managers in other securities or instruments in an effort to increase the fund's investment returns.

When a fund invests borrowing proceeds in other securities, the fund will bear the risk that the market value of the securities in which the proceeds are invested goes down and is insufficient to repay borrowed proceeds. Like other leveraging risks, this makes the value of an investment in a fund more volatile and increases the fund's overall investment exposure. In addition, if a fund's return on its investment of the borrowing proceeds does not equal or exceed the interest that a fund is obligated to pay under the terms of a borrowing, engaging in these transactions will lower the fund's return.

A fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so in order to make payments with respect to its borrowing obligations. This could adversely affect the portfolio managers' strategy and result in lower fund returns. Interest on any borrowings will be a fund expense and will reduce the value of a fund's shares.

A fund may borrow on a secured or on an unsecured basis. If a fund enters into a secured borrowing arrangement, a portion of the fund's assets will be used as collateral. During the term of the borrowing, the fund will remain at risk for any fluctuations in the market value of these assets in addition to any securities purchased with the proceeds of the loan. In addition, a fund may be unable to sell the collateral at a time when it would be advantageous to do so, which could adversely affect the portfolio managers' strategy and result in lower fund returns. The fund would also be subject to the risk that the lender may file for bankruptcy, become insolvent, or otherwise default on its obligations to return the collateral to the fund. In the event of a default by the lender, there may be delays, costs and risks of loss involved in a fund's exercising its rights with respect to the collateral or those rights may be limited by other contractual agreements or obligations or by applicable law.

The 1940 Act requires a fund to maintain at all times an "asset coverage" of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of the fund's total assets, minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Although complying with this guideline would have the effect of limiting the amount that the fund may borrow, it does not otherwise mitigate the risks of entering into borrowing transactions.

**Interfund Lending**

To satisfy redemption requests or to cover unanticipated cash shortfalls, a fund may enter into lending agreements ("Interfund Lending Agreements") under which the fund would lend money and borrow money for temporary purposes directly to and from another Transamerica fund through a credit facility ("Interfund Loan"), subject to meeting the conditions of an SEC exemptive order granted to TAM and the Trust permitting such interfund lending. All Interfund Loans will consist only of uninvested cash reserves that the fund otherwise would invest in repurchase agreements or other short-term instruments.

If a fund has outstanding borrowings, any Interfund Loans to the fund (a) will be at an interest rate equal to or lower than any outstanding bank loan, (b) will be secured at least on an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding bank loan that requires collateral, (c) will have a maturity no longer than any outstanding bank loan (and in any event not over seven days), and (d) will provide that, if an event of default occurs under any agreement evidencing an outstanding bank loan to the fund, the event of default will automatically (without need for action or notice by the lending fund) constitute an immediate event of default under the Interfund Lending Agreement entitling the lending fund to call the Interfund Loan (and exercise all rights with respect to any collateral) and that such call will be made if the lending bank exercises its right to call its loan under its agreement with the borrowing fund.

A fund may make an unsecured borrowing through the credit facility if its outstanding borrowings from all sources immediately after the interfund borrowing total 10% or less of its total assets; provided, that if the fund has a secured loan outstanding from any other lender, including but not limited to another Transamerica fund, the fund's interfund borrowing will be secured on at least an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding loan that requires collateral. If a fund's total outstanding borrowings immediately after an interfund borrowing would be greater than 10% of its total assets, the fund may borrow through the credit facility on a secured basis only. A fund may not borrow through the credit facility nor from any other source if its total outstanding borrowings immediately after the interfund borrowing would be more than 33 <sup>1</sup>∕3% of its total assets.

No fund may lend to another fund through the interfund lending credit facility if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the credit facility to exceed 15% of the lending fund's net assets at the time of the loan. A fund's Interfund Loans to any one fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending fund's net assets. The duration of Interfund Loans is limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event more than seven days. Loans effected within seven days of each other will be treated as separate loan transactions for purposes of this condition. Each Interfund Loan may be called on one business day's notice by a lending fund and may be repaid on any day by a borrowing fund.

The limitations detailed above and the other conditions of the SEC exemptive order permitting interfund lending are designed to minimize the risks associated with interfund lending for both the lending fund and the borrowing fund. However, no borrowing or lending activity is without risk. When a fund borrows money from another fund, there is a risk that the loan could be called on one day's notice or not renewed, in which case the fund may have to borrow from a bank at higher rates (if such borrowing is available) or sell securities at a loss if an Interfund Loan were not available from another fund. A delay in repayment to a lending fund could result in a lost opportunity or additional lending costs.

------

**Reverse Repurchase Agreements**

A reverse repurchase agreement has the characteristics of a secured borrowing and creates leverage. In a reverse repurchase transaction, a fund sells a portfolio instrument to another person, such as a financial institution or broker/dealer, in return for cash. At the same time, a fund agrees to repurchase the instrument at an agreed-upon time and at a price that is greater than the amount of cash that the fund received when it sold the instrument, representing the equivalent of an interest payment by the fund for the use of the cash. During the term of the transaction, a fund will continue to receive any principal and interest payments (or the equivalent thereof) on the underlying instruments.

A fund may engage in reverse repurchase agreements as a means of raising cash to satisfy redemption requests or for other temporary or emergency purposes. Unless otherwise limited in its prospectus or this SAI, a fund may also engage in reverse repurchase agreements to the extent permitted by its fundamental investment policies in order to raise additional cash to be invested by the fund's portfolio managers in other securities or instruments in an effort to increase the fund's investment returns.

During the term of the transaction, a fund will remain at risk for any fluctuations in the market value of the instruments subject to the reverse repurchase agreement as if it had not entered into the transaction. When a fund reinvests the proceeds of a reverse repurchase agreement in other securities, the fund will bear the risk that the market value of the securities in which the proceeds are invested goes down and is insufficient to satisfy the fund's obligations under the reverse repurchase agreement. Like other leveraging risks, this makes the value of an investment in a fund more volatile and increases the fund's overall investment exposure. This could also result in the fund having to dispose of investments at inopportune times and at disadvantageous amounts. In addition, if a fund's return on its investment of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement does not equal or exceed the implied interest that it is obligated to pay under the reverse repurchase agreement, engaging in the transaction will lower the fund's return.

When a fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it is subject to the risk that the buyer under the agreement may file for bankruptcy, become insolvent, or otherwise default on its obligations to the fund. In the event of a default by the counterparty, there may be delays, costs and risks of loss involved in a fund's exercising its rights under the agreement, or those rights may be limited by other contractual agreements or obligations or by applicable law.

In addition, a fund may be unable to sell the instruments subject to the reverse repurchase agreement at a time when it would be advantageous to do so, or may be required to liquidate portfolio securities at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so in order to make payments with respect to its obligations under a reverse repurchase agreement. This could adversely affect the portfolio managers' strategy and result in losses.

Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act permits a fund to enter into reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions (e.g., recourse and non-recourse tender option bonds, borrowed bonds) notwithstanding the limitation on the issuance of senior securities in Section 18 of the 1940 Act, provided that the fund either (i) complies with the 300% asset coverage ratio with respect to such transactions and any other borrowings in the aggregate, or (ii) treats such transactions as "derivatives transactions" under Rule 18f-4. See "Derivatives".

**Lending**

Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements and the limitations as set forth in each fund's investment restrictions and policies, a fund may lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations meeting capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Board. Loans of securities will be secured continuously by collateral in cash or U.S. government or agency securities maintained on a current basis at an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities loaned. Cash collateral received by a fund will be invested in high quality short-term instruments, or in one or more funds maintained by the lending agent for the purpose of investing cash collateral. During the term of the loan, a fund will continue to have investment risk with respect to the security loaned, as well as risk with respect to the investment of the cash collateral. Either party has the right to terminate a loan at any time on customary industry settlement notice (which will not usually exceed three business days). During the existence of a loan, a fund will continue to receive the equivalent of the interest or dividends paid by the issuer on the securities loaned and, with respect to cash collateral, will receive any income generated by the fund's investment of the collateral (subject to a rebate payable to the borrower and a percentage of the income payable to the lending agent). Where the borrower provides a fund with collateral other than cash, the borrower is also obligated to pay the fund a fee for use of the borrowed securities. A fund does not have the right to vote any securities having voting rights during the existence of the loan, but would retain the right to call the loan in anticipation of an important vote to be taken among holders of the securities or of the giving or withholding of their consent on a material matter affecting the investment. As with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. In addition, a fund could suffer loss if the loan terminates and the fund is forced to liquidate investments at a loss in order to return the cash collateral to the buyer.

**Voluntary Actions**

From time to time, a fund may voluntarily participate in actions (for example, rights offerings, conversion privileges, exchange offers, credit event settlements, etc.) where the issuer or counterparty offers securities or instruments to holders or counterparties, such as a fund, and the acquisition is determined to be beneficial to fund shareholders ("Voluntary Action"). Notwithstanding any percentage investment limitation listed under this section or any percentage investment limitation of the 1940 Act or rules thereunder, if a fund has the opportunity to acquire a permitted security or instrument through a Voluntary Action, and the fund will exceed a percentage investment limitation following the acquisition, it will not constitute a violation if, after announcement of the offering, but prior to the receipt of the securities or instruments, the fund sells an offsetting amount of assets that are subject to the investment limitation in question at least equal to the value of the securities or instruments to be acquired.

------

**Cybersecurity** 

With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, a fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks through breaches in cybersecurity. In general, a breach in cybersecurity can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through "hacking" or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber incidents affecting a fund's investment adviser, sub-adviser and other service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with a fund's ability to calculate its NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of fund shareholders to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. Similar adverse consequences could result from cyber incidents affecting issuers of securities in which a fund invests, counterparties with which a fund engages in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions (including financial intermediaries and service providers for fund shareholders) and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While a fund's service providers have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber incidents, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, a fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by its service providers or any other third parties whose operations may affect the fund or its shareholders. Cybersecurity risks may also impact issuers of securities in which the fund invests, which may cause the fund's investments in such issuers to lose value. A fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

**Portfolio Turnover** 

Portfolio turnover rate is, in general, the percentage calculated by taking the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities (excluding short-term securities) for a year and dividing it by the monthly average of the market value of such securities held during the year.

Changes in security holdings are made by a fund's investment manager or sub-adviser when it is deemed necessary. Such changes may result from: liquidity needs; securities having reached a price or yield objective; anticipated changes in interest rates or the credit standing of an issuer; or developments not foreseen at the time of the investment decision.

The investment manager or a sub-adviser may engage in a significant number of short-term transactions if such investing serves a fund's objective. The rate of portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor when such short-term investing is considered appropriate. Increased turnover results in higher brokerage costs or mark-up charges for a fund; these charges are ultimately borne by the shareholders.

In computing the portfolio turnover rate, securities whose maturities or expiration dates at the time of acquisition are one year or less are excluded. Subject to this exclusion, the turnover rate for a fund is calculated by dividing (a) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (b) the monthly average of portfolio securities owned by the fund during the fiscal year.

There are no fixed limitations regarding the portfolio turnover rates of the funds. Portfolio turnover rates are expected to fluctuate under constantly changing economic conditions and market circumstances. Higher turnover rates tend to result in higher brokerage fees. Securities initially satisfying the basic policies and objective of a fund may be disposed of when they are no longer deemed suitable.

**Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings**

It is the policy of the funds to protect the confidentiality of their portfolio holdings and prevent the selective disclosure of non-public information about portfolio holdings. The funds' service providers are required to comply with this policy. No non-public information concerning the portfolio holdings of the funds may be disclosed to any unaffiliated third party, except as provided below. The Board has adopted formal procedures governing compliance with these policies.

The funds believe the policy is in the best interests of each fund and its shareholders and that it strikes an appropriate balance between the desire of investors for information about the funds' portfolio holdings and the need to protect the funds from potentially harmful disclosures. Any conflicts of interest between the interests of fund shareholders and those of TAM or its affiliates are addressed in a manner that places the interests of fund shareholders first.

Information concerning the funds' holdings is available via the funds' website at: www.transamerica.com/investments/mutual-funds. The funds generally make publicly available their complete portfolio holdings no sooner than 15 days after month-end. Such information generally remains on the website for 6 months, or as otherwise consistent with applicable regulations.

The funds' semi-annual reports and annual reports contain a complete listing of each fund's holdings as of the end of the fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Each fiscal quarter, each non-money market fund will file with the SEC a complete schedule of its monthly portfolio holdings on "Form N-PORT", with quarter-end disclosures being made public 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter.

In addition, the funds may release via the funds' website at www.transamerica.com/investments/mutual-funds the following information concerning a fund before disclosure of the fund's full portfolio holdings is made publicly available:

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• **Top Ten Holdings –** A fund's top ten holdings and the total percentage of the fund such aggregate holdings represent.

• **Sector Holdings –** A fund's sector information and the total percentage of the fund held in each sector.

• **Other Portfolio Characteristic Data –** Any other analytical data with respect to a fund that does not identify any specific portfolio holdings.

• **Funds of ETFs and Funds of Funds –** For any fund whose investments (other than cash alternatives) consist solely of shares of ETFs and/or other Funds, no sooner than 10 days after the end of a month the names of the ETFs or Funds held as of the end of that month and the percentage of the fund's net assets held in each ETF or Fund as of the end of that month.

Mutual fund rating and ranking organizations such as FactSet, Lipper, Inc. and Morningstar, Inc., or consultants and/or other financial industry institutions such as Bloomberg L.P., and eVestment may request a complete list of non-public portfolio holdings in order to rank or rate a fund or to assess the risks of a fund or otherwise and/or to produce related performance attribution statistics. Similarly, an intermediary may be provided with non-public portfolio holdings in order to allow the intermediary to prepare the portfolio holdings information for shareholders on a timely basis. Portfolio holdings information released to these parties is the same portfolio holdings posted to the funds' website each month and is subject to the guidelines discussed below. Pursuant to the policy, TAM may disclose a complete list of each fund's holdings to any person on a monthly basis after the holdings are posted to the funds' website, usually 15 days after month-end.

The funds may also from time to time provide or make available to third parties upon request specific fund level performance attribution information and statistics. Third parties may include fund shareholders or prospective fund shareholders, members of the press, consultants, and ratings and ranking organizations. Nonexclusive examples of performance attribution information and statistics may include (i) the allocation of the fund's holdings and other investment positions among various asset classes, sectors, industries, and countries, (ii) the characteristics of the stock and bond components of the fund's holdings and other investment positions, (iii) the attribution of fund returns by asset class, sector, industry, and country, (iv) performance attribution and other summary and statistical information that does not include identification of specific portfolio holdings (prior to such holdings becoming public), and (v) the volatility characteristics of the fund.

TAM's Operational Risk Committee may approve a request for fund level performance attribution and statistics as long as (i) such disclosure does not enable the receiving party to recreate the complete or partial portfolio holdings of any fund prior to such fund's public disclosure of its portfolio holdings and (ii) TAM has made a good faith determination that the requested information is not material given the particular facts and circumstances. TAM may deny any request for performance attribution information and other statistical information about a fund made by any person, and may do so for any reason or for no reason.

Disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information for a fund may only be provided pursuant to the guidelines below.

- Non-public portfolio holdings information may be provided at any time (and as frequently as daily) to the funds' service providers, counterparties, and others who generally need access to such information in the performance of their contractual duties and responsibilities providing services to a fund for a legitimate business purpose, where such vendor or service provider is subject to a duty of confidentiality, including a duty to prohibit the vendor from sharing non-public information with an unauthorized source or trading upon any non-public information provided by TAM on behalf of a fund. These entities, parties, and persons include, but are not limited to: TAM, the sub-advisers, custodian, administrator, sub-administrator, transfer agent, sub-transfer agent, executing broker-dealers/counterparties in connection with the purchase or sale of securities or requests for price quotations or bids on one or more securities (including transition managers), research and analytics providers, securities lending agent, financial printer, banks, proxy voting services, pricing service vendors, regulatory authorities, independent public accountants, attorneys, and the funds' officers and trustees, subject to a duty of confidentiality with respect to any portfolio holdings information. In addition, certain of the funds' sub-advisers utilize middle- and back-office providers to fulfill their contractual duties and responsibilities to the funds. The disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information to such third parties generally will be subject to a requirement, by explicit agreement or by virtue of their respective duties to the funds, that those third parties maintain the confidentiality of such information.

- TAM receives non-public portfolio holdings information to assist in the selection of underlying funds for certain Transamerica asset allocation funds.

- Non-public portfolio holdings information for certain funds may be disclosed to the risk assessment department of Transamerica insurance companies solely to allow them to hedge their obligations under variable annuity and life products. Each applicable Transamerica insurance company has signed a confidentiality agreement.

- A fund may provide non-public portfolio holdings information to (i) third parties that calculate information derived from portfolio holdings for use by TAM, a sub-adviser, or their affiliates, and (ii) an investment adviser or sub-adviser, trustee, or their agents, or a potential replacement sub-adviser for a fund, to whom portfolio holdings are disclosed for proposal or due diligence purposes or, prior to Board approval and implementation. Each individual request is reviewed by TAM's Operational Risk Committee which must find, in its sole discretion that, based on the specific facts and circumstances, the disclosure appears unlikely to be harmful to the applicable fund(s). Entities receiving this information must have in place control mechanisms to reasonably ensure or otherwise agree that (a) the portfolio holdings information will be kept confidential, (b) no employee shall use the information to effect trading or for their personal benefit, and (c) the nature and type of information that they, in turn, may disclose to third parties is limited. TAM relies primarily on the existence of

------

non-disclosure agreements and/or control mechanisms when determining that disclosure is not likely to be harmful to a fund. Nothing in this section should be construed as requiring TAM's Operational Risk Committee's review of the disclosure of material, non-public holdings information, as described above, once Board approval of a proposed fund merger, acquisition, or sub-adviser change has been received.

- In addition to those set out above, as of December 31, 2022, the following entities receive information about the funds' securities pursuant to an ongoing arrangement with the funds in connection with services provided to the funds:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| <u>Recipient</u> | <u>Purpose</u> | <u>Frequency</u> |
| Bloomberg LP | &nbsp;&nbsp; Statistical ranking, rating, and/or performance <br> attribution analysis and pricing<br>| Daily |
| Broadridge | &nbsp;&nbsp; Print vendor for shareholder documents, proxy <br> solicitor/tabulator, 15(c) analysis<br>| Daily |
| CAPIS | Trade execution analysis | Daily |
| eVestment Alliance, LLC | Institutional sales and RFP opportunities | Quarterly |
| FactSet | Performance attribution analysis | Daily |
| FXTransparency | Trade execution analysis | Quarterly |
| Glass Lewis & Co. | Proxy voting services | Quarterly |
| Globe Tax Services, Inc. | ECJ foreign tax reclaim services | As necessary |
| Grant Thornton Pakistan | Provide tax services for market in Pakistan  | As necessary |
| ICE Data Services | Pricing  | Daily |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Investment Company <br> Institute<br>| Holdings Information on Form N-PORT | Quarterly |
| JPMorgan Pricing Direct | Pricing  | As necessary |
| KPMG Taiwan | Provide tax services for market in Taiwan  | As necessary |
| Lipper, Inc. | Statistical ranking and rating | Monthly |
| Markit North America | Pricing  | Daily |
| Morningstar LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; Statistical ranking, rating, and/or performance <br> attribution analysis<br>| Daily |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; PricewaterhouseCoopers <br> Private Limited<br>| Provide tax services for market in India | As necessary |
| Refinitiv US LLC | Pricing  | Daily |
| R.R. Donnelly | Financial reporting | Monthly |
| Schwab CT | Code of Ethics monitoring | Daily |
| truView | Risk and liquidity management analytics | Daily |

---

TAM, its affiliates, the funds, the funds' sub-advisers and the funds' other service providers will not enter into any arrangements from which they derive compensation for the disclosure of non-public portfolio holdings information.

Subject to such departures as TAM believes reasonable and consistent with reasonably protecting the confidentiality of the portfolio holdings information, each confidentiality agreement should provide that, among other things: the portfolio holdings information is the confidential property of the funds (and their service providers, if applicable) and may not be shared or used directly or indirectly for any purpose except as expressly provided in the confidentiality agreement. The recipient of the portfolio holdings information agrees to limit access to the portfolio holdings information to its employees (and agents) who, on a need to know basis, are (1) authorized to have access to the portfolio holdings information and (2) subject to a duty of confidentiality, including duties not to share the non-public information with an unauthorized source and not to trade on non-public information. Upon written request, the recipient agrees to promptly return or destroy, as directed, the portfolio holdings information.

The funds (or their authorized service providers) may disclose portfolio holdings information before its public disclosure based on the criteria described above. The frequency with which such information may be disclosed, and the length of the lag, if any, between the disclosure date of the information and the date on which the information is publicly disclosed, varies based on the terms of the applicable confidentiality agreement. The funds currently provide portfolio holdings information to the third parties listed herein at the stated frequency as part of ongoing arrangements that include the release of portfolio holdings information in accordance with the policy.

The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO") or his/her delegate may, on a case-by-case basis, impose additional restrictions on the dissemination of portfolio holdings information or waive certain requirements. Any exceptions to the policy must be consistent with the purposes of the policy. The CCO reports to the Board material compliance violations of the funds' policies and procedures on disclosure of portfolio holdings.

In addition, separate account and unregistered product clients of TAM, the sub-advisers of the funds, or their respective affiliates generally have access to information regarding the portfolio holdings of their own accounts. Prospective clients may also have access to representative

------

portfolio holdings. These clients and prospective clients are not subject to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies described above. Some of these separate accounts and unregistered product clients have substantially similar or identical investment objectives and strategies to certain funds, and therefore may have substantially similar or nearly identical portfolio holdings as those funds.

Certain information in the above section may not apply to all of the funds managed by TAM.

There can be no assurance that the funds' policy with respect to disclosure of portfolio holdings will prevent the misuse of such information by individuals and firms that receive such information.

**Commodity Exchange Act Registration**

The funds are operated by the Investment Manager pursuant to an exclusion from registration as a "commodity pool operator" ("CPO") under the Commodity Exchange Act ("CEA"), and therefore, are not subject to registration or regulation with respect to such funds under the CEA. The funds are limited in their ability to enter into commodity interests positions subject to CFTC jurisdiction.

**Management of the Trust**

Each of the funds is supervised by the Board.

**Board Members and Officers**

The members of the Board ("Board Members") and executive officers of the Trust are listed below.

"Interested Board Member" means a board member who may be deemed an "interested person" (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust because of his current or former service with TAM or an affiliate of TAM. Interested Board Members may also be referred to herein as "Interested Trustees." "Independent Board Member" means a Board Member who is not an "interested person" (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust and may also be referred to herein as an "Independent Trustee."

The Board governs each fund and is responsible for protecting the interests of the shareholders. The Board Members are experienced executives who meet periodically throughout the year to oversee the business affairs of each fund and the operation of each fund by its officers. The Board also reviews the management of each fund's assets by the investment manager and its respective sub-adviser.

The funds are among the funds managed and sponsored by TAM (collectively, "Transamerica Fund Family"). The Transamerica Fund Family consists of (i) Transamerica Funds ("TF"); (ii) Transamerica Series Trust ("TST"); (iii) Transamerica ETF Trust ("TET"); and (iv) Transamerica Asset Allocation Variable Funds ("TAAVF"). The Transamerica Fund Family consists of [ ] funds as of the date of this SAI. With the exception of Mr. Smit, none of the Board Members serve on the board of trustees of TET. TET is overseen by a separate board of trustees.

The mailing address of each Board Member is c/o Secretary, 1801 California Street, Suite 5200, Denver, CO 80202.

The Board Members, their birth year, their positions with the Trust, and their principal occupations for at least the past five years (their titles may have varied during that period), the number of funds in the Transamerica Fund Family the Board oversees, and other board memberships they hold are set forth in the table below. The length of time served is provided from the date a Board Member became a member of the Board.

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name and Birth Year** | **Position(s)**<br> **Held with**<br> **Trust**<br>| **Term of**<br> **Office and**<br> **Length**<br> **of Time**<br> **Served\***<br>| **Principal Occupation(s)**<br> **During Past Five Years**<br>| **Number of**<br> **Funds in**<br> **Complex**<br> **Overseen**<br> **by Board**<br> **Member**<br>| **Other**<br> **Directorships Held**<br> **By Board Member** <br> **During Past Five** <br> **Years**<br>|
| **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS** | **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS** | **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS** | **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS** | **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS** | **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Marijn P. Smit<br> (1973)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Chairman of<br> the Board, <br> President and<br> Chief Executive<br> Officer<br>| Since 2014 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Chairman of the Board, President and Chief <br> Executive Officer, TF, TST and TAAVF <br> (2014 – present); <br> Chairman of the Board, President and Chief <br> Executive Officer, TET (2017 – present);<br> Chairman of the Board, President and Chief <br> Executive Officer, Transamerica Partners <br> Portfolio ("TPP"), Transamerica Partners <br> Funds Group ("TPFG") and Transamerica <br> Partners Funds Group II ("TPFG II") (2014 <br> – 2018); <br> Director, Chairman of the Board, President <br> and Chief Executive Officer, Transamerica <br> Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM") and<br>| [ ] | &nbsp;&nbsp; Director, Massachusetts <br> Fidelity Trust Company <br> (2014 - 2021); <br> Director, Aegon Global <br> Funds (2016 - present)<br>|

---

------

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name and Birth Year** | **Position(s)**<br> **Held with**<br> **Trust**<br>| **Term of**<br> **Office and**<br> **Length**<br> **of Time**<br> **Served\***<br>| **Principal Occupation(s)**<br> **During Past Five Years**<br>| **Number of**<br> **Funds in**<br> **Complex**<br> **Overseen**<br> **by Board**<br> **Member**<br>| **Other**<br> **Directorships Held**<br> **By Board Member** <br> **During Past Five** <br> **Years**<br>|
| **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INTERESTED BOARD MEMBERS—continued** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Marijn P. Smit <br> *(continued)*<br>|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; Transamerica Fund Services, Inc. ("TFS") <br> (2014 – present); <br> Senior Vice President, Transamerica <br> Retirement Solutions LLC (2012 - 2020); <br> Trust Officer, Massachusetts Fidelity Trust <br> Company (2014 - 2021); <br> President, Investment Solutions, <br> Transamerica Investments & Retirement <br> (2014 – 2016); <br> Vice President, Transamerica Life Insurance <br> Company (2010 – 2016); <br> Vice President, Transamerica Premier Life <br> Insurance Company (2010 – 2016); <br> Senior Vice President, Transamerica <br> Financial Life Insurance Company (2013 – <br> 2016); <br> Senior Vice President, Transamerica <br> Retirement Advisors, Inc. (2013 – 2016)<br> and President and Director, Transamerica <br> Stable Value Solutions, Inc. (2010 – 2016).<br>|  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Alan F. Warrick <br> (1948)<br>| Board Member | Since 2012 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Board Member, TF, TST and TAAVF (2012 <br> – present);<br> Board Member, TPP, TPFG and TPFG II <br> (2012 – 2018); <br> Senior Advisor, Lovell Minnick Equity <br> Partners (2010 – present);<br> and Retired (2010).<br>| [ ] | N/A |
| **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Sandra N. Bane<br> (1952)<br>| Board Member | Since 2008 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Retired (1999 – present);<br> Board Member, TF, TST and TAAVF (2008 <br> – present);<br> Board Member, TPP, TPFG and TPFG II <br> (2008 – 2018); and<br> Partner, KPMG (1975 – 1999).<br>| [ ] | &nbsp;&nbsp; Big 5 Sporting Goods <br> (2002 – 2021); <br> Southern Company Gas <br> (energy services holding <br> company) (2008 – <br> present)<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Leo J. Hill<br> (1956)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Lead Independent<br> Board Member<br>| Since 2002 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Principal, Advisor Network Solutions, LLC <br> (business consulting) (2006 – present);<br> Board Member, TST (2001 – present);<br> Board Member, TF (2002 – present);<br> Board Member, TAAVF (2007 – present);<br> Board Member, TPP, TPFG and TPFG II <br> (2007 – 2018); <br> Market President, Nations Bank of Sun <br> Coast Florida (1998 – 1999);<br> Chairman, President and Chief Executive <br> Officer, Barnett Banks of Treasure Coast <br> Florida (1994 – 1998);<br> Executive Vice President and Senior Credit <br> Officer, Barnett Banks of Jacksonville, <br> Florida (1991 – 1994);<br> and Senior Vice President and Senior Loan <br> Administration Officer, Wachovia Bank of <br> Georgia (1976 – 1991).<br>| [ ] | &nbsp;&nbsp; Ameris Bancorp (2013 – <br> present);<br> Ameris Bank (2013 – <br> present)<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Kathleen T. Ives<br> (1965)<br>| Board Member  | Since 2021 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Board Member, TF, TST and TAAVF (2021 <br> – present); <br> Retired (2019 – present); <br> Senior Vice President & Director of Internal <br> Audit (2011-2019), Senior Vice President & <br> Deputy General Counsel (2008 – 2011), OFI <br> Global Asset Management, Inc.<br>| [ ] | &nbsp;&nbsp; Junior Achievement <br> Rocky Mountain <br> (non-profit organization) <br> (2013 – present); <br> Institute of Internal <br> Auditors, Denver <br> Chapter (audit <br> organization) (2017 – <br> 2021).<br>|

---

------

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name and Birth Year** | **Position(s)**<br> **Held with**<br> **Trust**<br>| **Term of**<br> **Office and**<br> **Length**<br> **of Time**<br> **Served\***<br>| **Principal Occupation(s)**<br> **During Past Five Years**<br>| **Number of**<br> **Funds in**<br> **Complex**<br> **Overseen**<br> **by Board**<br> **Member**<br>| **Other**<br> **Directorships Held**<br> **By Board Member** <br> **During Past Five** <br> **Years**<br>|
| **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Lauriann C. Kloppenburg<br> (1960)<br>| Board Member  | Since 2021 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Board Member, TF, TST and TAAVF (2021 <br> – present); <br> Director, Adams Funds (investment <br> companies) (2017 – present); <br> Investment Committee Member, 1911 <br> Office, LLC (family office) (2017 – <br> Present); <br> Executive in Residence and Student Fund <br> Advisory Board Member, Champlain <br> College (2016 – present); <br> Executive in Residence, Bentley University <br> (2015 – 2017); <br> Chief Strategy Officer (2012 – 2013), Chief <br> Investment Officer – Equity Group (2004 – <br> 2012), Loomis Sayles & Company, L.P.<br>| [ ] | &nbsp;&nbsp; Trustees of Donations to <br> the Protestant Episcopal <br> Church (non-profit <br> organization) (2010 – <br> present); <br> Forte Foundation <br> (non-profit organization) <br> (2016 – present)<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Fredric A. Nelson III<br> (1957)<br>| Board Member | Since 2017 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Board Member, TF, TST and TAAVF (2017 <br> – present);<br> Board Member, TPP, TPFG and TPFG II <br> (2017 – 2018); <br> Chief Investment Officer ("CIO"), <br> Commonfund (2011 – 2015);<br> Vice Chairman, CIO, ING Investment <br> Management Americas (2003 – 2009);<br> Managing Director, Head of U.S. Equity, JP <br> Morgan Investment Management (1994 – <br> 2003);<br> and Managing Director, Head of Global <br> Quantitative Investments Group, Bankers <br> Trust Global Investment Management (1981 <br> – 1994).<br>| [ ] | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; John E. Pelletier<br> (1964)<br>| Board Member | Since 2017 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Board Member, TF, TST and TAAVF (2017 <br> – present);<br> Board Member, TPP, TPFG and TPFG II <br> (2017 – 2018); <br> Director, Center for Financial Literacy, <br> Champlain College (2010 – present); <br> Co-Chair, Vermont Financial Literacy <br> Commission with Vermont State Treasurer <br> (2015 – 2018);<br> Chairman, Vermont Universal Children's <br> Higher Education Savings Account Program <br> Advisory Committee (2015 – 2021);<br> Founder and Principal, Sterling Valley <br> Consulting LLC (a financial services <br> consulting firm) (2009 – 2017);<br> Independent Director, The Sentinel Funds <br> and Sentinel Variable Products Trust (2013 – <br> 2017);<br> Chief Legal Officer, Eaton Vance Corp. <br> (2007 – 2008);<br> and Executive Vice President and Chief <br> Operating Officer (2004 - 2007), General <br> Counsel (1997 – 2004), Natixis Global <br> Associates. <br>| [ ] | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Patricia L. Sawyer<br> (1950)<br>| Board Member | Since 2007 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Retired (2007 – present);<br> President/Founder, Smith & Sawyer LLC <br> (management consulting) (1989 – 2007);<br> Board Member, TF and TST (2007 – <br> present);<br> Board Member, TAAVF (1993 – present);<br> Board Member, TPP, TPFG and TPFG II<br>| [ ] | &nbsp;&nbsp; Honorary Trustee, <br> Bryant University (1996 <br> – present)<br>|

---

------

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name and Birth Year** | **Position(s)**<br> **Held with**<br> **Trust**<br>| **Term of**<br> **Office and**<br> **Length**<br> **of Time**<br> **Served\***<br>| **Principal Occupation(s)**<br> **During Past Five Years**<br>| **Number of**<br> **Funds in**<br> **Complex**<br> **Overseen**<br> **by Board**<br> **Member**<br>| **Other**<br> **Directorships Held**<br> **By Board Member** <br> **During Past Five** <br> **Years**<br>|
| **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** | **INDEPENDENT BOARD MEMBERS—continued** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Patricia L. Sawyer <br> *(continued)*<br>|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; (1993 – 2018); <br> and Trustee, Chair of Finance Committee <br> and Chair of Nominating Committee (1987 <br> – 1996), Bryant University.<br>|  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; John W. Waechter<br> (1952)<br>| Board Member | Since 2005 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Partner, Englander Fischer (2016 – present) <br> (law firm);<br> Attorney, Englander Fischer (2008 – 2015);<br> Retired (2004 – 2008);<br> Board Member, TST (2004 – present);<br> Board Member, TF (2005 – present);<br> Board Member, TAAVF (2007 – present);<br> Board Member, TPP, TPFG and TPFG II <br> (2007 – 2018); <br> Employee, RBC Dain Rauscher (securities <br> dealer) (2004); Executive Vice President, <br> Chief Financial Officer and Chief <br> Compliance Officer, William R. Hough & <br> Co. (securities dealer) (1979 – 2004);<br> and Treasurer, The Hough Group of Funds <br> (1993 – 2004) (fund accounting).<br>| [ ] | &nbsp;&nbsp; Board Member, <br> Operation PAR, Inc. <br> (non-profit organization) <br> (2008 – present); <br> Board Member, Boley <br> PAR, Inc. (non-profit <br> organization) (2016 - <br> present) <br> Board Member, <br> Remember Honor <br> Support, Inc. (non-profit <br> organization)<br> (2013 - 2020);<br> Board Member, WRH <br> Income Properties, Inc. <br> and WRH Properties, <br> Inc. (real estate) (2014 - <br> present)<br>|

---

\*

Each Board Member shall hold office until: 1) his or her successor is elected and qualified or 2) he or she resigns, retires or his or her term as a Board Member is terminated in accordance with the Trust's Declaration of Trust.

**Officers**

The mailing address of each officer is c/o Secretary, 1801 California Street, Suite 5200, Denver, CO 80202. The following table shows information about the officers, including birth year, their positions held with the Trust and their principal occupations during the past five years (their titles may have varied during that period). Each officer will hold office until his or her successor has been duly elected or appointed or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name and Birth Year** | **Position** | **Term of Office**<br> **and Length of**<br> **Time Served\***<br>| **Principal Occupation(s) or Employment**<br> **During Past Five Years**<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Marijn P. Smit<br> (1973)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Chairman of the Board, President <br> and Chief Executive Officer<br>| Since 2014 | See Interested Board Members Table Above. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Timothy Bresnahan<br> (1968)<br>| Assistant Secretary | Since 2020 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Assistant Secretary, TF, TST and TAAVF (2020 – present); <br> Chief Legal Officer, Secretary (2021 - present), Assistant Secretary <br> (2019 – 2021), Secretary (2019), TET;<br> and Senior Counsel, TAM (2008 – present).<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Joshua Durham<br> (1973)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Vice President and Chief <br> Operating Officer<br>| Since 2022 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, TF, TST and TAAVF <br> (2022 – present); <br> Director, Senior Vice President, and Chief Operating Officer TAM <br> and TFS (2022 – present); <br> Vice President, TAG Resources, LLC (2022 – present); <br> Vice President, Transamerica Retirement Solutions, LLC (2017 – <br> present); <br> Vice President, Transamerica Casualty Insurance Company (2016 <br> – 2022); <br> Vice President (2004 – 2007 and 2012 – 2022), Responsible <br> Officer (2017 – 2022), Transamerica Financial Life Insurance <br> Company; <br> Vice President (2004 – 2007 and 2010 – 2022), Responsible <br> Officer (2016 – 2022) Transamerica Life Insurance Company; <br> Chief Administrative Officer (2014 – 2016) and Senior Vice <br> President (2009 – 2020), Transamerica Stable Value Solutions Inc.; <br> Vice President, Transamerica Premier Life Insurance Company <br> (2010 – 2020); <br> and Vice President, Transamerica Advisors Life Insurance <br> Company (2016 – 2019).<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Dennis P. Gallagher<br> (1970)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Chief Legal Officer and <br> Secretary<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Since 2021; <br> 2006 – 2014<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Chief Legal Officer and Secretary, TF, TST and TAAVF (2021 – <br> present and 2006 -2014); Assistant Secretary, TF, TST, TET and <br>|

---

------

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name and Birth Year** | **Position** | **Term of Office**<br> **and Length of**<br> **Time Served\***<br>| **Principal Occupation(s) or Employment**<br> **During Past Five Years**<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Dennis P. Gallagher <br> *(continued)*<br>|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; TAAVF (2019); <br> Associate General Counsel, TAM, Mutual Funds and Latin <br> American Operations (2017 – 2021); <br> Associate General Counsel, Chief Legal Officer, Latin American <br> Operations and International Funds (2014 – 2017); <br> Chairman of the Board, Aegon Global Funds (2013- present); <br> Director, Mongeral Aegon Seguros e Previdencia SA (2017- <br> present); <br> Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, TPP, TPFG and <br> TPFG II (2007 – 2014); <br> Assistant Vice President, TCI (2007 – 2014); <br> Chief Legal Officer and Assistant Secretary, TAM (2022 – <br> present); Director, Senior Vice President, General Counsel, <br> Operations and Secretary, TAM (2006 – 2014); <br> and Director, Senior Vice President, General Counsel, Chief <br> Administrative Officer and Secretary, TFS (2006 – 2014).<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Molly Possehl<br> (1978)<br>| Anti-Money Laundering Officer | Since 2019 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Anti-Money Laundering Officer, TF, TST, TET and TAAVF (2019 <br> – present);<br> Assistant General Counsel, Transamerica Life Insurance <br> Company/Aegon USA (2013 – present);<br> and Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer and Fraud <br> Officer, Transamerica Life Insurance Company/Aegon USA (2015 <br> – present).<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Francine J. Rosenberger<br> (1967)<br>| Chief Compliance Officer | Since 2019 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Chief Compliance Officer, TF, TST, TET and TAAVF (2019 – <br> present);<br> Derivatives Risk Manager, TF, TST and TAAVF (2021 – present);<br> Chief Compliance Officer (2019 – present), TAM; <br> and General Counsel, Corporate Secretary and Fund Chief <br> Compliance Officer, Steben & Company, Inc. (2013 – 2019). <br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Christopher A. Staples, CFA<br> (1970)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Vice President and Chief <br> Investment Officer, Advisory <br> Services<br>| Since 2005 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, Advisory Services, <br> TF and TST (2007 – present); <br> Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, TET (2017 – <br> present);<br> Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, Advisory Services, <br> TAAVF (2007 – present);<br> Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, Advisory Services, <br> TPP, TPFG and TPFG II (2007 – 2018); <br> Director (2005 – 2019), Senior Vice President (2006 – present), <br> Senior Director, Investments (2016 – present), Chief Investment <br> Officer, Advisory Services (2012 – 2016) and Lead Portfolio <br> Manager (2007 – present), TAM;<br> Director, TFS (2005 – 2019);<br> Trust Officer, Massachusetts Fidelity Trust Company (2010 - <br> present);<br> Registered Representative (2007 – 2016), Transamerica Capital, <br> Inc. ("TCI");<br> and Registered Representative, TFA (2005 – present).<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Vincent J. Toner<br> (1970)<br>| Vice President and Treasurer | Since 2014 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Vice President and Treasurer, TF, TST and TAAVF (2014 – <br> present), Vice President and Treasurer (2017 – present), Vice <br> President, Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer (2020 – <br> present), TET;<br> Vice President and Treasurer, TPP, TPFG and TPFG II (2014 – <br> 2018); <br> Vice President (2016 – present), Treasurer (2016 – 2019), Vice <br> President, Administration and Treasurer (2014 – 2016), TAM;<br> Vice President, Administration and Treasurer (2014 – 2019), <br> Senior Vice President (2019 – present), TFS;<br> Vice President (2016 – present), TCI;<br> and Trust Officer (2015 – present), Massachusetts Fidelity Trust <br> Company.<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Thomas R. Wald, CFA<br> (1960)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Vice President and Chief <br> Investment Officer<br>| Since 2014 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Chief Investment Officer, TF, TST and TAAVF (2014 – present); <br> TET (2017 – present);<br> Chief Investment Officer, TPP, TPFG and TPFG II (2014 – 2018); <br> Director (2017 – 2020), Akaan Transamerica, S.A. de C.V., <br> Sociedad Operadora de Fondos de Inversión; <br>|

---

------

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name and Birth Year** | **Position** | **Term of Office**<br> **and Length of**<br> **Time Served\***<br>| **Principal Occupation(s) or Employment**<br> **During Past Five Years**<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Thomas R. Wald, CFA <br> *(continued)*<br>|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; Chief Investment Officer, Transamerica Investments & Retirement <br> (2014 – 2020); <br> Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, TAM (2014 – <br> present);<br> Director, TFS (2019 - present); and<br> Trust Officer, Massachusetts Fidelity Trust Company (2015 - <br> present).<br>|

---

\*

Elected and serves at the pleasure of the Board of the Trust.

If an officer has held offices for different funds for different periods of time, the earliest applicable date is shown. No officer of the Trust, except for the Chief Compliance Officer, receives any compensation from the Trust.

Each of the Board Members, other than Messrs. Nelson, Pelletier, Smit and Warrick and Mses. Ives and Kloppenburg, previously served as a trustee or director of the TAM, Diversified or Premier fund family, and each Board Member was thus initially selected by the board of the applicable predecessor fund family. In connection with the consolidation of all "manager of managers" investment advisory services within Transamerica in 2007, a single board was established to oversee the TAM and Diversified fund families, and each of the Board Members, other than Mses. Bane, Ives and Kloppenburg, and Messrs. Nelson, Pelletier, Smit and Warrick, joined the Board at that time. The Board was established with a view both to ensuring continuity of representation by board members of the TAM and Diversified fund families on the Board and in order to establish a Board with experience in and focused on overseeing various types of funds, which experience would be further developed and enhanced over time. Ms. Bane joined the Board in 2008 when the Premier fund family was consolidated into the Transamerica Fund Family. Mr. Warrick joined the Board in 2012. Mr. Smit joined the Board in 2014. Messrs. Nelson and Pelletier both joined the Board in 2017. Mses. Ives and Kloppenburg both joined the Board in 2021.

The Board believes that each Board Member's experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Board Members lead to the conclusion that the Board possesses the requisite skills and attributes. The Board believes that the Board Members' ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with TAM, the sub-advisers, other services providers, counsel and independent auditors, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties, support this conclusion. The Board also has considered the following experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills, among others, of its members in reaching its conclusion: his or her character and integrity; such person's service as a board member of a predecessor fund family (other than Mses. Ives and Kloppenburg, and Messrs. Nelson, Pelletier, Smit and Warrick); such person's willingness to serve and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Board Member; the fact that such person's service would be consistent with the requirements of the retirement policies of the Trust; as to each Board Member other than Mr. Smit and Mr. Warrick, his or her status as not being an "interested person" as defined in the 1940 Act; as to Mr. Smit, his status as a representative of TAM; and, as to Mr. Warrick, his former service in various executive positions for certain affiliates of TAM. In addition, the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills apply as to each Board Member: Ms. Bane, accounting experience and experience as a board member of multiple organizations; Mr. Hill, financial and entrepreneurial experience as an executive, owner and consultant and experience as a board member of multiple organizations; Ms. Ives, audit, securities industry and compliance experience as a fund executive; Ms. Kloppenburg, investment management experience as an executive and board experience; Mr. Nelson, business experience, securities industry and fund executive experience; Mr. Pelletier, securities industry and fund legal and operations experience, entrepreneurial experience as an executive, owner and consultant, and board experience; Ms. Sawyer, management consulting and board experience; Mr. Waechter, securities industry and fund accounting and fund compliance experience, legal experience and board experience; Mr. Smit, investment management and insurance experience as an executive and leadership roles with TAM and affiliated entities; and Mr. Warrick, financial services industry experience as an executive and consultant with various TAM affiliates and other entities. References to the qualifications, attributes and skills of Board Members are pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute holding out of the Board or any Board Member as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.

The Board is responsible for overseeing the management and operations of the funds. Mr. Smit serves as Chairman of the Board. Mr. Smit is an interested person of the funds. Independent Board Members constitute more than 75% of the Board.

The Board currently believes that an interested Chairman is appropriate and is in the best interests of the funds and their shareholders, and that its committees, as further described below, help ensure that the funds have effective and independent governance and oversight. The Board believes that an interested Chairman has a professional interest in the quality of the services provided to the funds and that the Chairman is best equipped to provide oversight of such services on a day-to-day basis because of TAM's sponsorship of the funds and TAM's ongoing monitoring of the investment sub-advisers that manage the assets of each fund. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Board Members from management. The Independent Board Members also believe that they can effectively act independently without having an Independent Board Member act as Chairman. Among other reasons, this belief is based on the fact that the Independent Board Members represent over 75% of the Board.

------

**Board Committees**

The Board has two standing committees: the Audit Committee and Nominating Committee. Both the Audit Committee and Nominating Committee are chaired by an Independent Board Member and composed of all of the Independent Board Members. In addition, the Board has a Lead Independent Board Member. Mr. Hill serves as the Lead Independent Board Member; Mr. Waechter serves as the Audit Committee Chairperson and Ms. Sawyer serves as the Nominating Committee Chairperson.

The Lead Independent Board Member and the chairs of the Audit and Nominating Committees work with the Chairman to set the agendas for Board and committee meetings. The Lead Independent Board Member also serves as a key point person for dealings between management and the Independent Board Members. Through the funds' board committees, the Independent Board Members consider and address important matters involving the funds, including those presenting conflicts or potential conflicts of interest for management, and they believe they can act independently and effectively. The Board believes that its leadership structure is appropriate and facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Board Members from management.

The Audit Committee, among other things, oversees the accounting and reporting policies and practices and internal controls of the Trust, oversees the quality and integrity of the financial statements of the Trust, approves, prior to appointment, the engagement of the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, reviews and evaluates the independent registered public accounting firm's qualifications, independence and performance, and approves the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm.

The Audit Committee also approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to each fund by the independent registered public accounting firm and all permissible non-audit services provided by each fund's independent registered public accounting firm to TAM and any affiliated service providers if the engagement relates directly to each fund's operations and financial reporting.

The Nominating Committee is a forum for identifying, considering, selecting and nominating, or recommending for nomination by the Board, candidates to fill vacancies on the Board. The Nominating Committee may consider diversity in identifying potential candidates, including differences of viewpoint, professional experience and skill, as well as such other individual qualities and attributes as it may deem relevant. The Nominating Committee has not adopted a formal procedure for the implementation, or for assessing the effectiveness, of its policy with regard to the consideration of diversity in identifying potential candidates.

When addressing vacancies, the Nominating Committee sets any necessary standards or qualifications for service on the Board and may consider nominees recommended by any source it deems appropriate, including management and shareholders. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send recommendations to the Trust's Secretary that include all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for the election of Board Members. A recommendation must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board and to serve if elected by the shareholders. The Nominating Committee will consider all submissions meeting the applicable requirements stated herein that are received by December 31 of the most recently completed calendar year.

The Nominating Committee also identifies potential nominees through its network of contacts and may also engage, if it deems appropriate, a professional search firm. The committee meets to discuss and consider such candidates' qualifications and then chooses a candidate by majority vote.

**Risk Oversight**

Through its oversight of the management and operations of the funds, the Board also has a risk oversight function, which includes (without limitation) the following: (i) requesting and reviewing reports on the operations of the funds (such as reports about the performance of the funds); (ii) reviewing compliance reports and approving compliance policies and procedures of the funds and their service providers; (iii) meeting with management to consider areas of risk and to seek assurances that adequate resources are available to address risks; (iv) meeting with service providers, including fund auditors, to review fund activities; and (v) meeting with the Chief Compliance Officer and other officers of the funds and their service providers to receive information about compliance, and risk assessment and management matters. Such oversight is exercised primarily through the Board and its Audit Committee but, on an ad hoc basis, also can be exercised by the Independent Board Members during executive sessions. The Board has emphasized to TAM and the sub-advisers the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management.

The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the funds can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the funds' goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Board Members as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of the funds' investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through TAM, its affiliates, the sub-advisers and other service providers each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the funds' and each other in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board's risk management oversight is subject to substantial limitations. In addition, some risks may be beyond the reasonable control of the Board, the funds, TAM, its affiliates, the sub-advisers or other service providers.

In addition, it is important to note that each fund is designed for investors that are prepared to accept investment risk, including the possibility that as yet unforeseen risks may emerge in the future.

------

**Additional Information about the Committees of the Board**

Both the Audit Committee and Nominating Committee are composed of all of the Independent Board Members. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Audit Committee met 3 times and the Nominating Committee met 1 time.

**Trustee Ownership of Equity Securities**

The table below gives the dollar range of shares of the funds, as well as the aggregate dollar range of shares of all funds/portfolios in the Transamerica Fund Family, owned by each current Trustee as of December 31, 2022. As of the date of this SAI, the funds had not commenced operations and therefore have no information to report.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Transamerica Fund Family** | **Transamerica Fund Family** |
| **Trustee** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Aggregate Dollar** <br> **Range of Equity** <br> **Securities**<br>|
| Interested Trustees |  |
| Marijn P. Smit | [ ] |
| Alan F. Warrick | [ ] |
| Independent Trustees |  |
| Sandra N. Bane | [ ] |
| Leo J. Hill | [ ] |
| Kathleen T. Ives | [ ] |
| Lauriann C. Kloppenburg | [ ] |
| Fredric A. Nelson III | [ ] |
| John E. Pelletier | [ ] |
| Patricia L. Sawyer | [ ] |
| John W. Waechter | [ ] |

---

[As of December 31, 2022, none of the Independent Board Members or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of the Investment Manager, sub-advisers or Distributor of the funds, or in a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Investment Manager, sub-advisers or Distributor of the funds.]

**Trustee Compensation**

As of January 1, 2023, the Independent Board Members receive a base retainer of $365,000 from the funds/portfolios of Transamerica Funds, TST and TAAVF.

The Trust pays a pro rata share of these fees allocable to each series of the Trust based on the relative assets of the series.

As of January 1, 2023, the Lead Independent Trustee of the Board receives an additional retainer of $72,000 per year; and the Audit Committee Chairperson receives an additional retainer of $34,000 per year. The Trust also pays a pro rata share allocable to each series of Transamerica Funds based on the relative assets of the series for the Lead Independent Trustee and Audit Committee Chairperson retainers.

Any fees and expenses paid to an Interested Board Member and officers are paid by TAM or an affiliate and not by the Trust or any series, except that the compensation of the Chief Compliance Officer is paid as provided in the next sentence. A portion of the compensation of the Chief Compliance Officer is paid by TAM or an affiliate; the remaining portion is allocated ratably, based on relative net assets, among the mutual funds sponsored by TAM, including the series of the Trust.

Under a non-qualified deferred compensation plan effective January 1, 1996, as amended and restated January 1, 2010 (the "Deferred Compensation Plan")<sup>1</sup>, available to the Board Members, compensation may be deferred that would otherwise be payable by each series of the Trust to an Independent Board Member on a current basis for services rendered as Board Member. Any deferred amount is treated as though an equivalent dollar amount has been invested in shares of one or more funds advised by TAM, as elected by the Board Member. The liability of each series of the Trust for these amounts is adjusted for market value changes in the elected investment fund(s) and remains a liability to the series until distributed in accordance with the Deferred Compensation Plan.

Amounts deferred and accrued under the Deferred Compensation Plan are unfunded and unsecured claims against the general assets of the Trust.

<sup>1</sup> The Board of Trustees has approved the termination of the Deferred Compensation Plan. Payments will be made to applicable current and former Board Members consistent with Section 409A of the Code.

**Compensation Table**

The following table provides compensation amounts paid by the funds to the Independent Trustees for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022. Interested Trustees are not compensated by the funds. Messrs. Smit and Warrick are compensated for their Board service by TAM or an affiliate of TAM. As of the date of this SAI, the funds had not commenced operations and therefore there is no information to report.

------

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name of Person, Position** | **Aggregate** <br> **Compensation from** <br> **the Trust**<br>| **Pension or Retirement** <br> **Benefits Accrued as** <br> **Part of Funds** <br> **Expenses**<sup>(a)</sup> <br>| **Estimated Annual** <br> **Benefits Upon** <br> **Retirement**<sup>(a)</sup> <br>| **Total Compensation** <br> **from the Transamerica** <br> **Fund Family** <br> **(including the Trust)**<sup>(b)</sup> <br>|
| Sandra N. Bane, Trustee | $[ ]  | N/A | N/A | $[ ] |
| Leo J. Hill, Trustee | $[ ] | N/A | N/A | $[ ] |
| Kathleen T. Ives, Trustee<sup>(c)</sup> <br>| $[ ] | N/A | N/A | $[ ] |
| David W. Jennings, Trustee<sup>(d)</sup> <br>|  |  |  |  |
| Lauriann C. Kloppenburg, Trustee<sup>(c)</sup> <br>| $[ ] | N/A | N/A | $[ ] |
| Fredric A. Nelson III, Trustee | $[ ] | N/A | N/A | $[ ] |
| John E. Pelletier, Trustee | $[ ] | N/A | N/A | $[ ] |
| Patricia L. Sawyer, Trustee | $[ ] | N/A | N/A | $[ ] |
| John W. Waechter, Trustee | $[ ] | N/A | N/A | $[ ] |

---

(a) The Trust has no plan or other arrangement pursuant to which the Trustees receive pension or retirement benefits.

(b) Compensation expenses are allocated pro rata based on the relative net assets of each fund included in the Transamerica Fund Family. Of this aggregate compensation, the total amounts deferred from the funds (including earnings and dividends) and accrued for the benefit of the participating Trustees for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 were as follows: [ ].

(c) Elected to the Board on December 2, 2021.

(d) Effective as of December 31, 2021, Mr. Jennings retired as a member of the Board of the Trust.

**Shareholder Communication Procedures with the Board of Trustees**

The Board of the Trust has adopted these procedures by which shareholders of the Trust may send written communications to the Board. Shareholders may mail written communications to the Board, addressed to the care of the Secretary of the Trust ("Secretary"), as follows:

Board of Trustees <br>Transamerica Funds <br>c/o Secretary <br>1801 California Street, Suite 5200 <br> Denver, CO 80202

Each shareholder communication must (i) be in writing and be signed by the shareholder, (ii) identify the underlying series of the Trust to which it relates, and (iii) identify the class (if applicable) held by the shareholder. The Secretary is responsible for collecting, reviewing and organizing all properly submitted shareholder communications. Usually, with respect to each properly submitted shareholder communication, the Secretary shall either (i) provide a copy of the communication to the Board at the next regularly scheduled Board meeting or (ii) if the Secretary determines that the communication requires more immediate attention, forward the communication to the Board promptly after receipt. The Secretary may, in good faith, determine that a shareholder communication should not be provided to the Board because the communication (i) does not reasonably relate to a series of the Trust or its operation, management, activities, policies, service providers, Board, officers, shareholders or other matters relating to an investment in the Trust, or (ii) is ministerial in nature (such as a request for Trust literature, share data or financial information). These Procedures shall not apply to (i) any communication from an officer or Trustee of the Trust, (ii) any communication from an employee or agent of the Trust, unless such communication is made solely in such employee's or agent's capacity as a shareholder, (iii) any shareholder proposal submitted pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") or any communication made in connection with such a proposal, or (iv) any communication that reasonably may be considered to be a complaint regarding the Trust or shareholder services, which complaint shall instead be promptly forwarded to the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer. The Trustees are not required to attend the Trust's shareholder meetings, if any, or to otherwise make themselves available to shareholders for communications, other than pursuant to these Procedures.

**Code of Ethics**

The Trust, TAM, each sub-adviser and TCI have each adopted a Code of Ethics as required by applicable law, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust, TAM, each sub-adviser and TCI from engaging in deceptive, manipulative, or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the funds (which may also be held by persons subject to a code of ethics). There can be no assurance that the codes of ethics will be effective in preventing such activities.

Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, the funds, TAM, the sub-advisers and the distributor each have adopted a code of ethics that permits their personnel to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by a fund. All personnel must place the interests of clients first, must not act upon non-public information, must not take inappropriate advantage of their positions, and are required to fulfill their fiduciary obligations. All personal securities transactions by employees must adhere to the requirements of the codes of ethics and must be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest, the appearance of such a conflict, or the abuse of an employee's position of trust and responsibility.

**Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures**

TAM exercises voting discretion for the Asset Allocation Funds. The proxy voting policies and procedures of the respective sub-advisers are used to determine how to vote proxies relating to securities held by the remainder of the funds. The proxy voting policies and procedures of the funds, TAM and the sub-advisers are attached hereto as Appendix A.

------

TAM's proxy voting policy and procedures address material conflicts of interest that may arise between TAM or its affiliates and the funds by: (i) providing for voting in accordance with the recommendation of an independent third party or the Board; (ii) voting shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of a fund's shares; or (iii) obtaining the consent of the Board (or a Board Committee) with full disclosure of the conflict.

The Trust files SEC Form N-PX, with the complete proxy voting records of the funds for the 12 months ended June 30th, no later than August 31st of each year. The Form is available without charge: (1) on the Transamerica Funds website at https://www.transamerica.com/sites/default/files/files/e070d/TF%20NPX%202021.pdf; and (2) on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.

**Investment Management and Other Services**

**The Investment Manager**

TAM serves as the investment manager for the funds. The Trust has entered into an Investment Management Agreement ("Management Agreement"), on behalf of each fund with TAM. TAM, located at 1801 California Street, Suite 5200, Denver, CO 80202, provides continuous and regular investment management services to the funds. TAM supervises each respective fund's investments, conducts its investment program and provides supervisory, compliance and administrative services to each fund.

TAM currently acts as a "manager of managers" and hires sub-advisers to furnish day-to-day investment advice and recommendations. TAM may, in the future, determine to provide all aspects of the day-to-day management of any such fund without the use of a sub-adviser. When acting as a manager of managers, TAM provides investment management services that include, without limitation, the design and development of each fund and its investment strategy and the ongoing review and evaluation of that investment strategy including recommending changes in strategy where it believes appropriate or advisable; the selection of one or more sub-advisers for each fund employing a combination of quantitative and qualitative screens, research, analysis and due diligence; negotiation of sub-advisory agreements and fees; oversight and monitoring of sub-advisers and recommending changes to sub-advisers where it believes appropriate or advisable; recommending fund combinations and liquidations where it believes appropriate or advisable; selection and oversight of transition managers, as needed; regular supervision of the funds' investments; regular review and evaluation of sub-adviser performance; daily monitoring of the sub-advisers' buying and selling of securities for the funds; regular review of holdings; ongoing trade oversight and analysis; regular monitoring to ensure adherence to investment process; regular calls and periodic on-site visits with sub-advisers; portfolio construction and asset allocation when using multiple sub-advisers for a fund; risk management oversight and analysis; oversight of negotiation of investment documentation and agreements; design, development, implementation and regular monitoring of the valuation process; periodic due diligence reviews of pricing vendors and vendor methodology; design, development, implementation and regular monitoring of the compliance process; respond to regulatory inquiries and determine appropriate litigation strategy, as needed; review of proxies voted by sub-advisers; oversight of preparation, and review, of materials for meetings of the funds' Board, participation in these meetings and preparation of regular communications with the Board; oversight of preparation, and review, of prospectuses, shareholder reports and other disclosure materials and regulatory filings for the funds; oversight of other service providers to the funds, such as the custodian, the transfer agent, the funds' independent accounting firm and legal counsel; supervision of the performance of recordkeeping and shareholder relations functions for the funds; and oversight of cash management services. TAM uses a variety of quantitative and qualitative tools to carry out its investment management services.

TAM's investment management services also include the provision of supervisory and administrative services to each fund. These services include performing certain administrative services for the funds and supervising and overseeing the administrative, clerical, recordkeeping and bookkeeping services provided to the funds by State Street, to whom TAM has outsourced the provision of certain services as described below; to the extent agreed upon by TAM and the funds from time to time, monitoring and verifying the custodian's daily calculation of net asset values; shareholder relations functions; compliance services; valuation services; assisting in due diligence and in oversight and monitoring of certain activities of sub-advisers and certain aspects of fund investments; assisting with fund combinations and liquidations; oversight of the preparation and filing, and review, of all returns and reports, in connection with federal, state and local taxes; oversight and review of regulatory reporting; supervising and coordinating the funds' custodian and dividend disbursing agent and monitoring their services to the funds; assisting the funds in preparing reports to shareholders; acting as liaison with the funds' independent public accountants and providing, upon request, analyses, fiscal year summaries and other audit related services; assisting in the preparation of agendas and supporting documents for and minutes of meetings of Trustees and committees of Trustees; assisting in the preparation of regular communications with the Trustees; and providing personnel and office space, telephones and other office equipment as necessary in order for TAM to perform supervisory and administrative services to the funds.

TAM is directly owned by Transamerica Life Insurance Company (77%) ("TLIC") and AUSA Holding, LLC (23%) ("AUSA"), both of which are indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries of Aegon N.V. TLIC is owned by Commonwealth General Corporation ("Commonwealth"). Commonwealth and AUSA are wholly owned by Transamerica Corporation (DE), a financial services holding company whose primary emphasis is on life and health insurance, and annuity and investment products. Transamerica Corporation (DE) is owned by Aegon International B.V., which is owned by Aegon N.V., a Netherlands corporation, and a publicly traded international insurance group.

**Management Agreement**

TAM has agreed, under each fund's Management Agreement, to regularly provide the fund with investment management services, including management, supervision and investment research and advice, and to furnish a continuous investment program for the fund's portfolio of

------

securities and other investments consistent with the fund's investment objectives, policies and restrictions, as stated in the fund's prospectus and SAI. TAM also provides supervisory and administrative services to each fund, as well as services incidental to the foregoing services. TAM is permitted to enter into contracts with sub-advisers, subject to the Board's approval. TAM has entered into sub-advisory agreements, as described below.

As compensation for services performed, each fund pays TAM a fee computed daily at an annual rate of the fund's average daily net assets as described below. TAM bears all expenses incurred by it in the performance of its duties under each fund's Management Agreement. A fund bears all expenses not expressly assumed by TAM incurred in the operation of the fund and the offering of its shares.

The Management Agreement for a fund will terminate, unless sooner terminated as set forth therein, two years from its effective date, and will continue in effect from year to year thereafter, if continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Board Members who are not parties thereto or interested persons of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the approval of the terms of renewal, and by (ii) either the Board or the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of that fund.

Each Management Agreement provides that TAM may render services to others. Under each fund's Management Agreement, TAM assumes no responsibility other than to render the services called for by the Management Agreement in good faith, and TAM and its affiliates will not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law, or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of securities transactions for the fund or in the performance of its other services thereunder. TAM and its affiliates are not protected, however, against any liability to a fund to which TAM or an affiliate would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Management Agreement.

Each Management Agreement provides that it may be terminated with respect to any fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty, upon 60 days' written notice to TAM, or by TAM upon 60 days' written notice to the fund. A fund may effect termination by action of the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund, accompanied by appropriate notice. The Management Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its "assignment" (as defined in the 1940 Act).

TAM has outsourced the provision of certain specific administrative services to State Street. State Street performs back office services to support TAM, including furnishing financial and performance information about the funds for inclusion in regulatory filings and Trustee and shareholder reports; preparing drafts of regulatory filings, Trustee materials, tax returns, and reports and budgets; tax testing; and maintaining books and records. TAM pays certain fees and expenses for sub-administration services to State Street. The funds pay certain fees and expenses to State Street for sub-administration services which are not covered by the Management Agreement with TAM or management fees payable thereunder. State Street's address is One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111.

TAM and the Trust have entered into a Management Agreement with respect to each fund under which TAM serves as investment manager performing investment advisory and administrative services for a single management fee.

**Investment Manager Compensation**

TAM receives compensation calculated daily and paid monthly from the funds, at the annual rates indicated below. TAM pays the sub-advisers their sub-advisory fees out of its management fees.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Fund Name** | **Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets** |
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.55% of the first $500 million<br> 0.53% over $500 million up to $1 billion<br> 0.52% over $1 billion up to $2 billion<br> 0.51% over $2 billion up to $3 billion<br> 0.50% in excess of $3 billion<br>|
| Transamerica Long Credit | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.45% of the first $1 billion<br> 0.44% in excess of $1 billion<br>|
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.48% of the first $500 million<br> 0.47% over $500 million up to $1 billion<br> 0.46% over $1 billion up to $2 billion<br> 0.45% in excess of $2 billion<br>|
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.17% of the first $1 billion<br> 0.16% in excess of $1 billion<br>|

---

There were no management fees paid for the last three fiscal years as the funds had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI.

**Expense Limitation**

TAM has entered into an expense limitation agreement with the Trust on behalf of certain funds, pursuant to which TAM has agreed to implement an expense cap to limit the ordinary operating expenses of one or more share classes of those funds. The expense caps and waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses exclude, as applicable, unless otherwise noted in the prospectus, acquired fund fees and expenses, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on securities sold short, extraordinary expenses, and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the relevant fund's business. TAM is permitted to recapture amounts waived and/or reimbursed to a class of a fund during the 36 months from the date on which TAM waived fees and/or reimbursed expenses for the class, but only if, after such

------

recapture, the class's expense ratio does not exceed the current expense cap or any other lower limit then in effect for the class. These recapture arrangements may be limited or terminated under certain circumstances. The expense limitation agreement continues automatically for one-year terms unless TAM provides written notice to the Trust prior to the end of the then-current term. In addition, the agreement will terminate automatically upon termination of the Management Agreement.

In addition, TAM or any of its affiliates, in addition to any contractual expense limitation arrangements in effect from time to time, may voluntarily waive fees and/or reimburse expenses of one or more classes of Transamerica Government Money Market to such level(s) as the Trust's officers may reasonably determine from time to time in an effort to prevent the fund's yield from falling below zero. Any such waiver or expense reimbursement may be discontinued by TAM or its affiliates at any time. TAM is entitled to reimbursement by the applicable class(es) of the fund of any amounts so waived and/or reimbursed by TAM or any of its affiliates during the previous 36 months so long as the reimbursement does not cause the class's effective daily yield to be negative. Any reimbursement of amounts voluntarily waived and/or reimbursed may result in the class's expenses exceeding the contractual expense cap for the class. TAM or its affiliates may request that financial intermediaries reduce or waive amounts payable to those intermediaries with respect to services rendered to Transamerica Government Money Market or its shareholders, and those reductions or waivers may reduce the amounts waived and/or reimbursed by TAM under the contractual and/or voluntary waiver arrangements with respect to the fund. There is no guarantee that Transamerica Government Money Market will be able to prevent a negative yield.

The current expense caps for the applicable share classes of the relevant funds are listed in the table set forth below. Each expense limitation arrangement cannot be terminated prior to its stated expiration date without the Board of Trustees' consent.

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund** | **Expense Cap** | **Expense Cap** | **Expense Cap** | **Expense Cap** | **Expense Cap** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Expiration Date** <br> **of Expense Cap**<br>|
|  | **Class A** | **Class C** | **Class I** | **Class I2** | **Class R6** |  |
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | 1.10% | N/A | 0.80% | 0.70% | 0.70% | March 1, 2025 |
| Transamerica Long Credit | 1.03% | 1.78% | 0.67% | N/A | 0.58% | March 1, 2025 |
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | 0.95% | N/A | 0.65% | 0.55% | 0.55% | March 1, 2025 |
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond | 0.69% | 1.36% | 0.35% | N/A | 0.30% | March 1, 2025 |

---

**Conflicts of Interest**

TAM and its affiliates, directors, officers, employees and personnel (collectively, for purposes of this section, "Transamerica"), including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the management, operations or distribution of the funds, are engaged in a variety of businesses and have interests other than those related to managing the funds. Transamerica is a diversified global financial services company with many lines of business providing a wide range of financial services to a sizeable and diversified client base. The broad range of activities and interests of Transamerica gives rise to actual, potential and perceived conflicts of interest that could affect the funds and their shareholders.

Certain actual and potential conflicts of interest are described below. This is not, and is not intended to be, a complete enumeration or description of all the actual and potential conflicts that Transamerica has now or may have in the future. Additional or unanticipated conflicts of interest may arise from time to time in the ordinary course of Transamerica's various businesses.

TAM and the funds have adopted practices, policies and procedures that are intended to identify, manage and, where possible, mitigate conflicts of interest. There is no assurance, however, that these practices, policies and procedures will be effective, and these practices, policies and procedures may limit or restrict the funds' investment activities and adversely affect their performance.

***Activities on Behalf of Other Funds and Accounts***

Transamerica manages or advises other funds and products in addition to the funds, including Transamerica's own accounts and accounts in which Transamerica or its personnel have an interest (collectively, the "Other Accounts"). In some cases, Transamerica oversees sub-advisers who provide day-to-day investment advice and recommendations with respect to the Other Accounts, and in other cases Transamerica itself performs all aspects of the day-to-day management. Certain Other Accounts have investment objectives similar to, the same as or opposite to those of the funds and/or engage in transactions in the same types of securities or other instruments, sectors or strategies as the funds. Such transactions could affect the prices and availability of the securities and instruments in which a fund invests, particularly in circumstances where there is limited availability or liquidity for those investments, and could have an adverse impact on the fund's performance. Other Accounts may buy or sell positions while the funds are undertaking the same or a differing, including potentially opposite, strategy, which could disadvantage the funds. A position taken by Transamerica, on behalf of one or more Other Accounts, may be contrary to a position taken on behalf of a fund or may be adverse to a company or issuer in which the fund has invested. A fund on the one hand, and Transamerica or Other Accounts, on the other hand, may vote differently on matters affecting, or take or refrain from taking different actions with respect to, the same security, which are disadvantageous to the fund. The results of the investment activities of a fund may differ significantly from the results achieved for other funds and Other Accounts. Transamerica may give advice, and take action, with respect to any current or future funds or Other Accounts that may compete or conflict with advice TAM may give to, or actions TAM may take for, a particular fund. Transamerica may receive more compensation with respect to certain other funds and Other Accounts than that received with respect to a fund or may receive compensation based on the performance of certain Other Accounts. Transamerica personnel may have greater economic and other interests in certain other funds or Other Accounts promoted or managed by such personnel as compared to a particular fund.

------

***Selection of Service Providers***

TAM and certain of its affiliates provide services including investment management, administration, investment sub-advisory, shareholder servicing, distribution, and transfer agency services to the funds and Other Accounts and earn fees from these relationships. TAM and its affiliates face conflicts of interest when the funds and Other Accounts select affiliated service providers because TAM and/or its affiliates receive greater compensation when they are used. Although these fees are generally based on asset levels, the fees are not directly contingent on fund performance and TAM and its affiliates as service providers will still receive significant compensation from the funds and Other Accounts even if shareholders lose money.

The funds expect to engage unaffiliated service providers (including attorneys and consultants) that in certain cases also provide services to Transamerica or Other Accounts or that hire Transamerica to provide services to the service providers' clients. These service providers may have business, financial or other relationships with Transamerica (including its personnel), which may influence TAM's recommendation of these service providers for the funds.

***Sales Incentives and Relationships*** 

Transamerica and other financial service providers have conflicts associated with their promotion of the funds or other dealings with the funds that would create incentives for them to promote the funds. Transamerica will directly or indirectly receive a portion of the fees and/or commissions charged to the funds or their shareholders. Transamerica will also benefit from increased amounts of assets under management. These compensation matters create a financial incentive on the part of Transamerica to highlight, feature or recommend the funds over other accounts or products or to effect transactions differently in the funds as compared to other accounts or products. Transamerica has an interest in increasing fund assets, including in circumstances when that may not be in the funds' or their shareholders' interests.

Transamerica and its personnel have relationships (both involving and not involving the funds) with distributors, consultants and others who sell or recommend the funds or Other Accounts. Such distributors, consultants and other parties may receive compensation from Transamerica and/or the funds or Other Accounts in connection with such relationships. Those parties (or their affiliates) in certain cases act as sub-adviser or other service provider to funds or Other Accounts. As a result of these relationships, distributors, consultants and other parties have conflicts that create incentives for them to promote the funds or Other Accounts, and TAM has a disincentive to recommend the termination of applicable sub-advisers and other service providers.

Transamerica and/or the funds' sub-advisers (or their affiliates), out of their past profits and other available sources, provide cash payments or non-cash compensation to brokers and other financial intermediaries to promote the distribution of the funds and Other Accounts or the variable insurance contracts that invest in certain Other Accounts. These arrangements are sometimes referred to as "revenue sharing" arrangements. The amount of revenue sharing payments is substantial and may be substantial to any given recipient. The presence of these payments and the basis on which an intermediary compensates its registered representatives or salespersons may create an incentive for a particular intermediary, registered representative or salesperson to highlight, feature or recommend the funds, the Other Accounts or variable insurance contracts that invest in the Other Accounts, at least in part, based on the level of compensation paid. Revenue sharing payments benefit Transamerica to the extent the payments result in more assets being invested in the funds, Other Accounts or the variable insurance contracts that invest in the Other Accounts on which fees are being charged. Certain fund sub-advisers (or their affiliates) make revenue sharing payments to Transamerica in connection with investments by holders of variable insurance contracts and other retirement products in funds advised by the sub-adviser (or its affiliates) that are offered in Transamerica insurance and retirement products. Certain sub-advisers (or their affiliates) have funds that are offered in these products which make Rule 12b-1 and/or other payments to Transamerica. Certain fund sub-advisers (or their affiliates) also make revenue sharing payments to Transamerica for their participation in functions, events and meetings sponsored by Transamerica. These payments present certain conflicts of interest and provide a disincentive for TAM to recommend the termination of such sub-advisers.

***Transamerica Insurance Companies***

Certain Other Accounts are offered as investment options through variable insurance contracts offered and sold by Transamerica insurance companies. The performance of certain funds and Other Accounts impacts Transamerica's financial exposure under guarantees that the Transamerica insurance companies provide as issuers of the variable insurance contracts. TAM's investment decisions and the design of the applicable funds and Other Accounts may be influenced by these factors. For example, a fund or Other Account being managed or designed in a more conservative fashion may help reduce potential losses and/or mitigate financial risks to the Transamerica insurance companies that provide the guarantees, and facilitate the provision of those guaranteed benefits, including by making more predictable the costs of the guarantees and by reducing the capital needed to provide them.

Certain non-public portfolio holdings and certain analytical information and algorithm and trade data concerning certain funds and Other Accounts is disclosed to the Transamerica insurance companies solely to allow them to hedge its obligations under the variable insurance contracts. This information may only be provided in accordance with procedures approved by the funds' Board of Trustees governing the sharing of such information with the Transamerica insurance companies.

***Transamerica Asset Allocation Fund Allocations*** 

------

TAM serves as investment manager to and is responsible for all aspects of the day-to-day investment advice and management of certain funds and Other Accounts which operate as funds of funds that invest in affiliated underlying funds and/or Other Accounts, and TAM is subject to conflicts of interest in allocating the funds of funds' assets among the underlying funds or Other Accounts. For certain funds and Other Accounts that operate as funds of funds, TAM has hired a sub-adviser and benefits when the sub-adviser allocates the fund of funds' or Other Accounts' assets to an affiliated fund. TAM has established an investment program for certain funds and Other Accounts that operate as funds of funds whereby all or a substantial portion of the fund of funds' assets are invested in affiliated funds and/or Other Accounts. This means that for such funds of funds TAM or a fund of funds' sub-adviser, as applicable, does not, nor does it expect to, consider any unaffiliated funds as underlying investment options for these funds and Other Accounts, even if unaffiliated funds have better investment performance or lower total expenses.

TAM will receive more revenue when it or a sub-adviser selects an affiliated fund rather than an unaffiliated fund for inclusion in a fund of funds. This conflict provides an incentive for TAM to include affiliated funds as investment options for funds of funds and, when making the underlying fund selections, to cause investments by funds of funds in affiliated funds that may perform less well or have higher total expenses than unaffiliated funds. The inclusion of affiliated funds will also permit TAM and/or the sub-adviser to make increased revenue sharing payments, including to Transamerica. TAM has an incentive for a fund or Other Account's assets to be allocated to those underlying funds or Other Accounts for which the net management fees payable to TAM are higher than the fees payable by other underlying funds or Other Accounts or to those underlying funds or Other Accounts for which an affiliate of TAM serves as the sub-adviser. TAM also has an incentive for a fund or Other Account's assets to be allocated to subscale underlying funds or Other Accounts to provide scale and reduce amounts waived and/or reimbursed by TAM to maintain applicable expense caps. Sub-advisers to certain funds of funds also have conflicts of interest in allocating the funds of funds' assets among underlying funds and/or Other Accounts, including where the sub-adviser (or its affiliate) acts as investment adviser or sub-adviser to available underlying funds and/or Other Accounts. TAM Compliance monitors allocation changes by the funds of funds.

***Fund Structuring and Changes***

TAM may have a financial incentive to implement certain changes to the funds or Other Accounts. For example, TAM may, from time to time, recommend a change in sub-adviser or the combination of two or more funds. Transamerica will benefit to the extent that an affiliated sub-adviser replaces an unaffiliated sub-adviser or additional assets are combined into a fund or Other Account having a higher net management fee payable to TAM and/or that is sub-advised by an affiliate of TAM. TAM will also benefit to the extent that it replaces a sub-adviser with a new sub-adviser with a lower sub-advisory fee. Any recommendation to the funds' Board of Trustees concerning the appointment of or continued service of an affiliated sub-adviser for a fund, or a fund combination, is subject to TAM's fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of a fund and its shareholders. Moreover, TAM's "manager of managers" exemptive order from the SEC requires fund shareholder approval of any sub-advisory agreement appointing an affiliated sub-adviser as the sub-adviser to a fund (in the case of a new fund, the initial sole shareholder of the fund, typically an affiliate of Transamerica, may provide this approval).

***Aggregation of Assets***

The aggregation of assets of multiple funds and/or Other Accounts for purposes of calculating breakpoints or discounts in sub-advisory fees based on the level of assets allocated to a sub-adviser across funds and/or Other Accounts or otherwise, as applicable, give rise to actual, potential and/or perceived conflicts of interest that could disadvantage the funds and their shareholders. This aggregation of assets creates an incentive for TAM to select and retain sub-advisers, or allocate additional assets to a sub-adviser, where the selection or allocation may serve to lower a sub-advisory fee and possibly increase the management fee retained by TAM on a fund and provides a disincentive for TAM to recommend the termination of a sub-adviser from a fund if the termination will cause the sub-advisory fee payable by TAM to increase on a fund and/or Other Account that aggregates its assets with the fund or if the assets of the fund are counted as part of a sub-advisory fee discount arrangement.

***Valuation of Investments***

TAM has been designated as the funds' valuation designee with responsibility for fair valuation subject to oversight by the funds' Board of Trustees. TAM's service as valuation designee is expressly permitted by applicable regulations. TAM performs such valuation services in accordance with valuation policies and procedures of the funds and TAM. TAM may value an identical asset differently than a Transamerica affiliate. This is particularly the case in respect of difficult-to-value assets. TAM faces a conflict with respect to valuations generally because of their effect on TAM's fees and other compensation. Valuation decisions by TAM may also result in improved performance of the funds or Other Accounts.

***Other Relationships and Benefits*** 

Transamerica has existing and may have potential future other business dealings or relationships with current or proposed sub-advisers or other fund service providers (or their affiliates) recommended by TAM. Such other business dealings or relationships present conflicts of interest that could influence TAM's selection and retention or termination of sub-advisers or service providers. For example, TAM has an

------

incentive to hire as a sub-adviser or other service provider an entity with which TAM or one or more of its affiliates have, or would like to have, significant or other business dealings or arrangements, and TAM has a disincentive to recommend the termination of such a sub-adviser or service provider when doing so could be adverse to Transamerica's relationships or other business dealings with such parties.

TAM and/or its affiliates also derive ancillary benefits from providing investment management, administration, investment sub-advisory, shareholder servicing, distribution, and transfer agency services to the funds and Other Accounts. Providing such services to the funds and Other Accounts may enhance TAM's and/or its affiliates' relationships with various parties, facilitate additional business development, and enable TAM and/or its affiliates to obtain additional business and generate additional revenue.

***Sub-Advisers***

The range of activities, services and interests of a sub-adviser gives rise to actual, potential and/or perceived conflicts of interest that could disadvantage a fund and its shareholders. Such conflicts of interest are in some cases similar to and in other cases different from or supplement those described above relating to Transamerica. Among other things, a sub-adviser's portfolio managers may manage multiple funds and accounts for multiple clients. In addition to one or more funds, these funds and accounts may include, for example, other mutual funds, separate accounts, collective trusts and offshore funds. Managing multiple funds and accounts gives rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest, including, for example, conflicts among investment strategies, conflicts in the allocation of limited investment opportunities, and conflicts in the aggregation and allocation of securities trades. A sub-adviser's portfolio managers may also manage funds or accounts with different fee rates and/or fee structures, including performance-based fee arrangements. Differences in fee arrangements create an incentive for a portfolio manager to favor higher-fee funds or accounts. A sub-adviser and/or their respective affiliates also may derive ancillary benefits from providing investment sub-advisory services to a fund and providing such services to a fund may enhance the sub-adviser's and/or applicable affiliate(s)' relationships with various parties, facilitate additional business development, and enable the sub-adviser and/or affiliate to obtain additional business and generate additional revenue. Please see Appendix B for a further discussion of sub-adviser conflicts of interest.

**Sub-Advisers**

Each sub-adviser listed below serves, pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between TAM and such sub-adviser, as sub-adviser to the applicable fund. Pursuant to the sub-advisory agreements, each sub-adviser carries out and effectuates the investment strategy designed for the funds by TAM. Subject to review by TAM and the Board, the sub-advisers are responsible for providing day-to-day investment advice and recommendations for the fund(s) TAM assigns to them and for making decisions to buy, sell or hold a particular security. Each sub-adviser bears all of its expenses in connection with the performance of its services under its sub-advisory agreement such as compensating its officers and employees connected with investment and economic research, trading and investment management of the respective fund(s) and furnishing them office space.

Each sub-advisory agreement will terminate, unless sooner terminated as set forth therein, two years from its effective date, and will continue in effect from year to year thereafter, if continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of the Board Members who are not parties thereto or interested persons of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the approval of the terms of renewal, and by (ii) either the Board or the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the particular fund.

Each of the sub-advisers also serves as investment adviser or sub-adviser to other funds and/or private accounts that may have investment objectives identical or similar to those of the funds. Securities frequently meet the investment objectives of one or all of these funds, the other funds and the private accounts. In such cases, a sub-adviser's decision to recommend a purchase to one fund or account rather than another is based on a number of factors as set forth in the sub-advisers' allocation procedures. The determining factors in most cases are the amounts available for investment by each fund or account, the amount of securities of the issuer then outstanding, the value of those securities and the market for them. Another factor considered in the investment recommendations is other investments which each fund or account presently has in a particular industry.

It is possible that at times identical securities will be held by more than one fund or account. However, positions in the same issue may vary and the length of time that any fund or account may choose to hold its investment in the same issue may likewise vary. To the extent that more than one of the funds or private accounts served by a sub-adviser seeks to acquire or sell the same security at about the same time, either the price obtained by the funds or the amount of securities that may be purchased or sold by a fund at one time may be adversely affected. On the other hand, if the same securities are bought or sold at the same time by more than one fund or account, the resulting participation in volume transactions could produce better executions for the funds. In the event more than one fund or account purchases or sells the same security on a given date, the purchase and sale transactions are allocated among the fund(s), the other funds and the private accounts in a manner believed by the sub-advisers to be equitable to each.

Each sub-adviser is a registered investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Advisers Act"). Certain sub-advisers have entered into participating affiliate agreements with certain of their affiliates pursuant to which those affiliates provide services, such as investment advisory and trading services, to the sub-advisers.

------

Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC, located at 6300 C Street SW, Cedar Rapids, IA 52499, is a registered investment adviser. Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC is a wholly owned, indirect subsidiary of Aegon NV, a Netherlands corporation and publicly traded international insurance group, and is an affiliate of TAM.

**Sub-Advisory Fees**

TAM, not the funds, is responsible for paying the sub-advisers for their services, and sub-advisory fees are TAM's expense. As a matter of administrative convenience, sub-advisory fees may be deducted directly from a fund's bank account, in which case payment to TAM of the management fee would be net of amounts paid to the applicable sub-adviser.

Each sub-adviser receives monthly compensation from TAM at the annual rate of a specified percentage, indicated below, of the applicable fund's average daily net assets:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund** | **Sub-Adviser** | **Sub-Advisory Fees** |
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | Calamos Advisors LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.25% of the first $500 million<br> 0.23% over $500 million up to $1 billion<br> 0.22% over $1 billion up to $2 billion<br> 0.21% over $2 billion up to $3 billion<br> 0.20% in excess of $3 billion<br>|
| Transamerica Long Credit | Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.15% of the first $1 billion<br> 0.14% in excess of $1 billion<br>|
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.18% of the first $500 million<br> 0.17% over $500 million up to $1 billion<br> 0.16% over $1 billion up to $2 billion<br> 0.15% in excess of $2 billion<br>|
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond  | Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC | &nbsp;&nbsp; 0.06% of the first $1 billion<br> 0.05% in excess of $1 billion<br>|

---

There were no sub-advisory fees paid for the last three fiscal years as the funds had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI.

**Portfolio Manager Information**

Information regarding other accounts for which any portfolio manager is primarily responsible for the day-to-day investment advice and management or recommendations, a description of any material conflict of interest that may arise in connection with the portfolio manager's management of the fund's investments, the structure of, and method used to determine, the compensation of each portfolio manager and the dollar range of equity securities in the fund beneficially owned by each portfolio manager are provided in Appendix B of this SAI.

**Transfer Agent**

TFS serves as the transfer agent, withholding agent and dividend disbursing agent for each fund. As transfer agent, TFS maintains an account for each shareholder of a fund and performs other transfer agency functions. TFS has outsourced the provision of certain transfer agency services to SS&C Global Investor & Distribution Solutions, Inc., located at 2000 Crown Colony Drive, Quincy, MA 02169.

The share classes do not pay sub-transfer agency fees directly, but TFS may use its available resources to pay for sub-transfer agency services for any share class, including those that pay sub-transfer agency fees directly.

Each share class pays the following transfer agency fees and, as applicable, sub-transfer agency fees:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Class A, C\*  |  |
| Open Account | $24.00 per account |
| Closed Account | $2.00 per account |
| Class I\* |  |
| Asset Fee to TFS | 10.25 bps |
| Class I2, R6\* |  |
| Asset Fee to TFS | 0.75 bps |

---

\*

Applicable out-of pocket expenses, including, but not limited to, quarterly shareholder statements and postage, will be charged directly to the funds.

Transaction requests should be mailed to Transamerica Funds, P.O. Box 219945, Kansas City, MO 64121-9945 or Transamerica Funds, 330 W. 9th Street, Kansas City, MO 64105 (for overnight mail).

There were no brokerage credits received for the periods ended October 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 as the funds had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI.

------

**Custodian**

State Street, located at One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111, serves as the Trust's custodian.

State Street, among other things, maintains a custody account or accounts in the name of each fund, receives and delivers all assets for the funds upon purchase and upon sale or maturity, collects and receives all income and other payments and distributions on account of the assets of the funds and makes disbursements on behalf of the funds. State Street neither determines the funds' investment policies nor decides which securities the funds will buy or sell. For its services, State Street receives a monthly fee based upon the daily average market value of securities held in custody and also receives securities transaction charges, including out-of-pocket expenses. The funds may also periodically enter into arrangements with other qualified custodians with respect to certain types of securities or other transactions such as repurchase agreements or derivatives transactions. State Street also acts as the funds' securities lending agent and receives a share of the income generated by such activities.

**Securities Lending Activities**

As of the date of this SAI, the funds had not commenced operations and therefore have no securities lending data to report. The securities lending agent's fees will be calculated on, and deducted from, the securities lending revenues of the applicable funds.

To the extent a fund engaged in securities lending activities, the services provided by State Street as securities lending agent would include: selection of securities to be loaned; locating borrowers previously approved by the funds' board; negotiation of loan terms; monitoring daily the value of the loaned securities and collateral; requiring additional collateral as necessary; investing cash collateral in accordance with the funds' instructions; marking to market non-cash collateral; maintaining custody of non-cash collateral; recordkeeping and account servicing; monitoring dividend activity and material proxy votes relating to loaned securities; transferring loaned securities; recalling loaned securities in accordance with the funds' instructions; and arranging for return of loaned securities to the fund at loan termination.

**Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

_____________________, serves as the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm, and provides audit services and tax return review services.

**Distributor and Distribution Plan**

**Distributor**

Under the Underwriting Agreement, Transamerica Capital, Inc. ("TCI"), located at 1801 California Street, Suite 5200, Denver, CO 80202, is appointed as principal underwriter and distributor in connection with the offering and sale of shares of each fund. TCI is an affiliate of TAM. TCI offers the shares on an agency or "best efforts" basis under which a fund issues only the number of shares actually sold. Shares of each fund are continuously offered by TCI.

The Underwriting Agreement is renewable from year to year with respect to a fund if approved (a) by the Board or by a vote of a majority of the fund's outstanding voting securities, and (b) by the affirmative vote of a majority of Trustees who are not parties to such agreement or interested persons of any party by votes cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose.

The Underwriting Agreement is terminable with respect to any fund without penalty by the Board or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the fund, or by TCI, on not less than 60 days' written notice to the other party (unless the notice period is waived by mutual consent). The Underwriting Agreement will automatically and immediately terminate in the event of its assignment.

"N/A" in the tables below indicates that the fund was not in operation during the relevant fiscal year or had share classes with no underwriting commissions, accordingly, no information is shown.

**Underwriting Commission** 

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund Name** | **Commissions Received**<br> **for the Period Ended**<br> **October 31** | **Commissions Received**<br> **for the Period Ended**<br> **October 31** | **Commissions Received**<br> **for the Period Ended**<br> **October 31** | **Commissions Retained**<br> **for the Period Ended**<br> **October 31** | **Commissions Retained**<br> **for the Period Ended**<br> **October 31** | **Commissions Retained**<br> **for the Period Ended**<br> **October 31** |
| **Fund Name** | **2022** | **2021** | **2020** | **2022** | **2021** | **2020** |
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica Long Credit | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund Name** | **For the Period Ended October 31, 2022** | **For the Period Ended October 31, 2022** | **For the Period Ended October 31, 2022** | **For the Period Ended October 31, 2022** |
| **Fund Name** | **Net**<br> **Underwriting**<br> **Discounts and**<br> **Commissions**<br>| **Compensation**<br> **on Redemptions**<br> **& Repurchases**<br>| **Brokerage**<br> **Commissions**<br>| **Other**<br> **Compensation**<br>|
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica Long Credit | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |

---

------

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund Name** | **For the Period Ended October 31, 2022** | **For the Period Ended October 31, 2022** | **For the Period Ended October 31, 2022** | **For the Period Ended October 31, 2022** |
| **Fund Name** | **Net**<br> **Underwriting**<br> **Discounts and**<br> **Commissions**<br>| **Compensation**<br> **on Redemptions**<br> **& Repurchases**<br>| **Brokerage**<br> **Commissions**<br>| **Other**<br> **Compensation**<br>|
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |

---

**Distribution Plan**

The Trust adopted a distribution plan ("12b-1 Distribution Plan") pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act applicable to Class A and Class C shares of the funds, as applicable. Class I, Class I2 and Class R6 shares are not subject to distribution and service fees.

Each fund's 12b-1 Distribution Plan permits the fund to pay fees to TCI and others as compensation for their services, not as reimbursement for specific expenses incurred. Thus, even if their expenses exceed the fees provided for by the 12b-1 Distribution Plan, the fund would not be obligated to pay more than those fees and, if their expenses are less than the fees paid to them, they will realize a profit. Under each 12b-1 Distribution Plan, a fund may pay the fees to the Distributor and others until the 12b-1 Distribution Plan is terminated or not renewed.

The 12b-1 Distribution Plan will remain in effect for successive one year periods, so long as such continuance is approved annually by vote of the fund's Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such continuance. For so long as the 12b-1 Distribution Plan is in effect, selection and nomination of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the fund shall be committed to the discretion of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the fund.

The 12b-1 Distribution Plan may be amended by vote of the Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees of the fund that have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the 12b-1 Distribution Plan or any agreement relating thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. Any amendment of the 12b-1 Distribution Plan that would materially increase the costs to a fund requires approval by the shareholders of that fund.

Any amendment of the 12b-1 Distribution Plan that would materially increase the costs to a particular class of shares of a fund also requires approval by the shareholders of that class.

A 12b-1 Distribution Plan may be terminated as to a class of shares of a fund at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the applicable class.

Under the 12b-1 Distribution Plan for Class A shares, a fund may pay TCI and/or financial intermediaries annual distribution and service fees of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the fund's Class A shares. For Class C shares, a fund may pay TCI and/or financial intermediaries annual distribution and service fees of up to 1.00% of the average daily net assets of the fund's Class C shares.

Because the Trust pays these fees out of its assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. Financial intermediaries that receive distribution and/or service fees may in turn pay and/or reimburse all or a portion of these fees to their customers. The prospectus contains a description of distribution and service fees payable under the 12b-1 Distribution Plan with respect to the shares offered in that prospectus.

TCI may use the fees payable under the 12b-1 Distribution Plan as it deems appropriate to pay for activities or expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of Class A or Class C shares, or in personal service to and/or maintenance of these shareholder accounts.

More specifically, these fees may be used by TCI or a financial intermediary for expenses related to a fund, including: costs of printing and distributing the fund prospectuses, statements of additional information and reports to prospective investors in the fund; costs involved in preparing, printing and distributing sales literature pertaining to the fund and reports for persons other than existing shareholders; an allocation of overhead and other branch office distribution-related expenses of TCI or a financial intermediary; payments made to, and expenses of, a TCI or a financial intermediary and other persons who provide support or personal services to shareholders in connection with the distribution of the fund's shares; and interest-related expenses, or the cost of capital associated with, the financing of any of the foregoing. In the case of funds or classes of shares that are closed to new investors or investments, TCI also may use the fees payable under the 12b-1 Distribution Plan to make payments to brokers and other financial intermediaries for past sales and distribution efforts.

In the case of a fund or a class of shares that is closed to new investors or investments, the fees are paid for services to and for maintenance of existing shareholder accounts and compensation of broker-dealers or other intermediaries for past sales and distribution efforts.

In determining whether to approve the 12b-1 Distribution Plan and the Distribution Agreements, the Trustees considered the anticipated benefits to shareholders from adopting the 12b-1 Distribution Plans and Distribution Agreements. The Trustees were informed by representatives of TCI that payments of distribution-related expenses by the funds under the 12b-1 Distribution Plans would provide incentives to TCI to establish and maintain an enhanced distribution system whereby new investors will be attracted to the funds. The Trustees believe the 12b-1 Distribution Plan will enable each fund to promote sales of its shares and provide personal service and maintenance with respect to shareholder accounts as appropriate for the fund. In turn, these promotion efforts are expected to result in increased sales and lead to an increase in a fund's net asset levels, which should enable the funds to achieve economies of scale and lower

------

their per-share operating expenses. In addition, higher net asset levels could enhance the investment management of the funds, for net inflows of cash from new sales may enable a fund's investment manager and sub-adviser to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities. Finally, reduced redemptions could eliminate the potential need to liquidate attractive securities positions in order to raise the capital necessary to meet redemption requests.

The 12b-1 Distribution Plan requires that at least quarterly the Trust and the Distributor shall provide to the Board of Trustees and the Board of Trustees shall review a written report of the amounts expended (and the purposes therefor) under the 12b-1 Distribution Plan.

**Distribution Fees Paid Under the 12b-1 Distribution Plan** 

The table below shows the total dollar amounts paid to the Distributor for the last three fiscal years.

"N/A" in the table below indicates that the fund was not in operation during the relevant fiscal year and, accordingly, no distribution fees are shown.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund** | **2022** | **2021** | **2020** |
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica Long Credit | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond | N/A | N/A | N/A |

---

The tables below show total distribution and service fees and expenses paid to the Distributor for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 with respect to Class A, Class C, Class I and Class R6 shares of the funds.

"N/A" in the tables below indicate that the fund was not in operation during the relevant fiscal year and, accordingly, no distribution fees are shown.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Transamerica International Sustainable Equity** | **Transamerica International Sustainable Equity** | **Transamerica International Sustainable Equity** | **Transamerica International Sustainable Equity** |
| **Promotion and Distribution Expenses** | **Class A** | **Class I** | **Class R6** |
| Compensation to dealers | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Compensation to Sales Personnel | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Printing and Postage | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Promotional Expenses | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Travel | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Office and Other Expenses | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TOTALS | N/A | N/A | N/A |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Transamerica Long Credit** | **Transamerica Long Credit** | **Transamerica Long Credit** | **Transamerica Long Credit** | **Transamerica Long Credit** |
| **Promotion and Distribution Expenses** | **Class A** | **Class C** | **Class I** | **Class R6** |
| Compensation to dealers | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Compensation to Sales Personnel | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Printing and Postage | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Promotional Expenses | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Travel | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Office and Other Expenses | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TOTALS | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity** | **Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity** | **Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity** | **Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity** |
| **Promotion and Distribution Expenses** | **Class A** | **Class I** | **Class R6** |
| Compensation to dealers | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Compensation to Sales Personnel | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Printing and Postage | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Promotional Expenses | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Travel | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Office and Other Expenses | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TOTALS | N/A | N/A | N/A |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Transamerica UltraShort Bond** | **Transamerica UltraShort Bond** | **Transamerica UltraShort Bond** | **Transamerica UltraShort Bond** | **Transamerica UltraShort Bond** |
| **Promotion and Distribution Expenses** | **Class A** | **Class C** | **Class I** | **Class R6** |
| Compensation to dealers | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Compensation to Sales Personnel | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Printing and Postage | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Promotional Expenses | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Travel | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |

---

------

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Transamerica UltraShort Bond** | **Transamerica UltraShort Bond** | **Transamerica UltraShort Bond** | **Transamerica UltraShort Bond** | **Transamerica UltraShort Bond** |
| **Promotion and Distribution Expenses** | **Class A** | **Class C** | **Class I** | **Class R6** |
| Office and Other Expenses | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| TOTALS | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |

---

**Dealer Reallowances**

**Class A and Class C Shares Only (not applicable to Class I, Class I2 or Class R6 Shares)**

Transamerica Funds sells shares of its funds both directly and through authorized dealers. When you buy shares, your fund receives the entire NAV of the shares you purchase. TCI keeps the sales charge, then "reallows" a portion to the dealers through which shares were purchased. This is how dealers are compensated. From time to time, and particularly in connection with sales that are not subject to a sales charge, TCI may enter into agreements with a broker or dealer whereby the dealer reallowance is less than the amounts indicated in the following tables.

Promotions may also involve non-cash incentives such as prizes or merchandise. Non-cash compensation may also be in the form of attendance at seminars conducted by TCI, including lodging and travel expenses, in accordance with the rules of the FINRA.

Reallowances may also be given to financial institutions to compensate them for their services in connection with Class A share sales and servicing of shareholder accounts.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A Share Dealer Reallowances**<br> **(Transamerica International Sustainable Equity and Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A Share Dealer Reallowances**<br> **(Transamerica International Sustainable Equity and Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity)** |
| **Amount of Purchase** | **Reallowance to** <br> **Dealers as a Percent** <br> **of Offering Price**<br>|
| Under $50 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.75% |
| $50 Thousand to under $100 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.00% |
| $100 Thousand to under $250 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.75% |
| $250 Thousand to under $500 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.25% |
| $500 Thousand to under $1 Million | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.75% |
| For purchases of $1 Million and above: |  |
| $1 Million to under $5 Million | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.00%<sup>(a)</sup> <br>|
| $5 Million to under $50 Million | Plus 0.50%<sup>(a)</sup> <br>|
| $50 Million and above | Plus 0.25%<sup>(a)</sup> <br>|

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A Share Dealer Reallowances**<br> **Transamerica Long Credit**  | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class A Share Dealer Reallowances**<br> **Transamerica Long Credit**  |
| **Amount of Purchase** | **Reallowance to** <br> **Dealers as a Percent** <br> **of Offering Price**<br>|
| Under $50 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.00% |
| $50 Thousand to under $100 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.25% |
| $100 Thousand to under $250 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.75% |
| $250 Thousand to under $500 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.75% |
| $500 Thousand to under $1 Million | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.00% |
| For purchases of $1 Million and above: |  |
| $1 Million to under $5 Million | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0.50%<sup>(a)</sup> <br>|
| $5 Million and above | Plus 0.25%<sup>(a)</sup> <br>|

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **[Class A Share Dealer Reallowances**<br> **Transamerica UltraShort Bond**  | &nbsp;&nbsp; **[Class A Share Dealer Reallowances**<br> **Transamerica UltraShort Bond**  |
| **Amount of Purchase** | **Reallowance to** <br> **Dealers as a Percent** <br> **of Offering Price**<br>|
| Under $50 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [ ]% |
| $50 Thousand to under $100 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [ ]% |
| $100 Thousand to under $250 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [ ]% |
| $250 Thousand to under $500 Thousand | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [ ]% |
| $500 Thousand to under $1 Million | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [ ]% |
| For purchases of $1 Million and above: |  |
| $1 Million to under $5 Million | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [ ]%<sup>(a)</sup> <br>|
| $5 Million and above | Plus [ ]%<sup>(a)</sup>] |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

------

---

| |
|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Class C Share Dealer Reallowances** <br> **Transamerica Long Credit**  |
| **Amount of Purchase** |
| All purchases<br> 1.00%<sup>(b)\*</sup> <br>|

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **[Class C Share Dealer Reallowances** <br> **Transamerica UltraShort Bond**  | &nbsp;&nbsp; **[Class C Share Dealer Reallowances** <br> **Transamerica UltraShort Bond**  |
| **Amount of Purchase** | **Reallowance to** <br> **Dealers as a Percent** <br> **of Offering Price**<br>|
| All purchases | [ ]%<sup>(b)\*</sup>] |

---

<sup>(a)</sup>

No Dealer Reallowance is paid on purchases made on behalf of wrap accounts for the benefit of certain broker-dealers, financial institutions, or financial planners, who have entered into arrangements with Transamerica Funds or TCI, and for purchases made by a retirement plan described in Section 401(a), 401(k), 401(m), or 457 of the Code.

<sup>(b)</sup>

From time to time, TCI may enter into agreements with brokers and dealers whereby the dealer allowance may be less than the amount indicated. Such agreements would also provide that the applicable shares could be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge for a period less than the otherwise applicable period.

**Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares**

**Shareholder Accounts**

Detailed information about general procedures for Shareholder Accounts and specific types of accounts is set forth in each fund's prospectus.

**Purchase of Shares**

**Class A, Class C, Class I, Class I2, Class R, Class R1, Class R2, Class R3, Class R6 and Class T Shares**

As stated in the prospectuses, Transamerica Funds currently offers investors a choice of twelve classes of shares: Class A, Class C, Class I, Class I2, Class I3, Class R, Class R1, Class R2, Class R3, Class R4, Class R6 and Class T shares. Not all Transamerica Funds offer all classes of shares.

Class A and Class C shares of a fund can be purchased through TCI or through broker-dealers or other financial institutions that have sales agreements with TCI. Shares of each fund are sold at the NAV as determined at the close of the regular session of business on the NYSE next occurring after a purchase order is received and accepted by the fund. (The applicable sales charge is added in the case of Class A and Class T shares.) The prospectus contains detailed information about the purchase of fund shares.

Subject to the conditions and circumstances set out below, effective March 16, 2021, Class C shares automatically convert to Class A shares after eight years from the date of purchase, provided that the relevant Transamerica Funds or the financial intermediary through which you have purchased or hold Class C shares, has records verifying that the Class C shares have been held for at least eight years. Please check with your financial intermediary for details. Please note that the financial intermediary involved with your share purchase is solely responsible for converting any eligible Class C shares in an omnibus arrangement. Certain financial intermediaries may choose to convert your Class C shares in an omnibus arrangement earlier than eight years. The automatic conversion of Class C shares to Class A shares will not apply to Class C shares held through group retirement plan recordkeeping platforms of certain financial intermediaries who hold such shares in an omnibus account. Account numbers will need to be provided by the financial intermediary holding the group retirement plan(s) to have those accounts excluded from the automatic conversion. In such circumstances, please speak to your financial advisor (or the plan provider's financial intermediary) for further information.

Class I shares are currently primarily offered for investment to institutional investors including, but not limited to, fee-based programs, qualified retirement plans, certain endowment plans and foundations and Directors, Trustees and employees of the funds' affiliates. The minimum investment for Class I shares is $1,000,000 per fund account, but will be waived for certain investors, including fee-based programs, qualified retirement plans, financial intermediaries that submit trades on behalf of underlying investors Directors, Trustees and officers of any Transamerica-sponsored funds, and employees of Transamerica and its affiliates.

Class I2 shares are currently primarily offered for investment in certain funds of funds (also referred to as "strategic asset allocation funds"). Class I2 shares of the funds are also made available to other investors, including institutional investors such as foreign insurers, domestic insurance companies and their separate accounts, unaffiliated funds, high net worth individuals, and eligible retirement plans whose recordkeepers or financial service firm intermediaries have entered into agreements with Transamerica Funds or its agents. Investors who received Class I2 shares in connection with the reorganization of a Transamerica Premier Fund into a Transamerica Fund may continue to invest in Class I2 shares of that Transamerica Fund, but may not open new accounts.

This SAI only references the Class R shares that are currently offered for investment in the following funds: Transamerica Asset Allocation – Conservative Portfolio, Transamerica Asset Allocation – Growth Portfolio, Transamerica Asset Allocation – Moderate Growth Portfolio and Transamerica Asset Allocation – Moderate Portfolio, each a series of Transamerica Funds. Class R shares of certain other series of Transamerica Funds are discussed in a separate SAI.

------

Class R shares of Transamerica Government Money Market were renamed Class R2 shares on October 13, 2017. Class R2 shares of Transamerica Government Money Market are discussed in a separate SAI. Effective March 31, 2021, Transamerica Government Money Market is closed to most new investors. The following investors may continue to purchase shares of the fund: existing fund investors, investors exchanging shares of another Transamerica fund for shares in the same class of the fund, asset allocation funds and other investment products in which the fund is currently an underlying investment option, retirement plans in which the fund is a plan option, and any plan that is or becomes a part of a multiple plan exchange recordkeeping platform that includes the fund as a plan option. Transamerica Government Money Market will remain closed until further notice. The fund reserves the right to modify the foregoing terms of the closure at any time and to accept or reject any investment for any reason.

Class R, R2 and R4 shares of the applicable funds are only offered through 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans, defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans (eligible retirement plans), and are generally intended for purchase by smaller retirement plan clients of Transamerica Retirement Solutions, LLC. Class I3 shares are only available to certain funds of funds, registered and unregistered insurance company separate accounts and collective investment trusts. Class R, R2, R4 and I3 shares of the relevant funds are discussed in a separate SAI.

Class R and Class R2 are available only to eligible retirement plans where Class R or Class R2 shares are held on the books of the funds through omnibus or Network Level 3 accounts (either at the plan level or at the level of the financial service firm serving as an intermediary).

Class R, R1 and R6 shares of the applicable funds are intended for purchase by participants in certain eligible accounts described below and under the following conditions. Class R6 shares of the funds are also intended for purchase by certain Transamerica-sponsored asset allocation funds.

• 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans, defined-benefit plans, non-qualified deferred compensation plans, IRAs and, with regard to R6 shares only, certain Transamerica-sponsored asset allocation funds, as well as participants in certain health savings plans and health savings accounts under Section 223 of the Internal Revenue Code (eligible plans).

• Class R, R1 and R6 shares are available only to eligible plans where Class R, R1 and R6 shares are held on the books of the funds through omnibus or Network Level 3 accounts (either at the plan level or at the level of the financial service firm serving as an intermediary).

Class R3 are intended for purchase into IRA rollover accounts by participants in certain retirement plans described below and under the following conditions:

• 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase plans, defined-benefit plans, non-qualified deferred compensation plans (eligible plans) and IRAs.

The plan's record-keeper or financial service firm serving as an intermediary must have an agreement with Transamerica Funds or its agents to utilize Class R1, Class R3 and Class R6 shares in certain investment products or programs

Transamerica US Growth includes Class T shares, which are not available for new investors.

Shareholders whose investments are transferred from one class of shares of a Transamerica fund to another class of shares of the same Transamerica fund for administrative or eligibility reasons also may qualify for a waiver or reduction of sales charges and/or redemption charges in connection with the exchange.

Each fund reserves the right to make additional exceptions or otherwise to modify the foregoing policies at any time.

Information regarding sales charges can be found (free of charge) on the Transamerica Funds website at https:www.transamerica.com/resource-center?rc_primary_topics=investing. Select "Guide to Choosing a Share Class."

Not all financial intermediaries make all shares available to their clients. Your financial intermediary may receive different compensation for selling one class of shares than for selling another class, which may depend on, among other things, the type of investor account and the policies, procedures and practices adopted by your financial intermediary. Certain financial intermediaries through which you may invest in fund shares may impose their own investment fees, policies and procedures for purchasing and selling fund shares, which are not described in the prospectus or this SAI, and which will depend on the policies, procedures and trading platforms of the financial intermediary. Consult a representative of your financial intermediary about the availability of fund shares and the financial intermediary's policies, procedures and other information.

------

**Retirement Plans**

**Class A, Class C, Class I and Class T Only (Not Applicable to Class I2, Class I3, Class R, Class R1, Class R2, Class R3, Class R4 and Class R6 Shares)**

Transamerica Funds offers several types of retirement plans that an investor may establish to invest in shares of a fund with tax deductible dollars. Prototype retirement plan documents for Individual Retirement Accounts, Code Section 403(b)(7) plans and SEP-IRA and SIMPLE IRA plans are available by calling or writing TFS Customer Service. These plans require the completion of separate applications, which are also available from TFS Customer Service. UMB Bank, N.A. acts as the custodian or trustee under these plans. TFS charges an annual fee of $17.50 on each such fund account. To receive additional information or forms on these plans, please call your financial adviser or Transamerica Funds Customer Service at 1-888-233-4339 or write to Transamerica Fund Services, Inc. at P.O. Box 219945, Kansas City, MO 64121-9945. No contribution to a retirement plan can be made until the appropriate forms to establish the plan have been completed. It is advisable for an investor considering the funding of any retirement plan to consult with an attorney, retirement plan consultant or financial or tax adviser with respect to the requirements of such plans and the tax aspects thereof. Please note: each plan type may not be available in each share class.

**Redemption of Shares**

Shareholders may redeem their shares at any time at a price equal to the net asset value per share next determined following receipt of a valid redemption order by the transfer agent, in proper form. Payment will normally be sent within two business days of the receipt of a redemption request in good order, but in any event within seven days, regardless of the method a fund uses to make such payment (e.g., check, wire or electronic funds transfer (ACH)). However, redemption payments may be delayed up to ten calendar days if the shares being redeemed were recently purchased by check or electronic funds transfer. The value of shares on redemption may be more or less than the shareholder's cost, depending upon the market value of the fund's net assets at the time of redemption. Class C shares and certain Class A and Class T share purchases are also subject to a contingent deferred sales charge upon certain redemptions. Class I, Class I2, Class R3 and Class R6 shares are not subject to the contingent deferred sales charge.

Shares will normally be redeemed for cash, although each fund retains the right to wholly or partly redeem its shares in kind, under unusual circumstances (such as adverse or unstable market, economic, or political conditions), in an effort to protect the interests of the remaining shareholders by the delivery of securities selected from its assets at its discretion. Transamerica Funds has, however, elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act pursuant to which a fund is obligated to redeem shares solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of a fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. Should redemptions by any shareholder exceed such limitation, the fund will have the option of redeeming the excess in cash or in kind. On the same redemption date, some shareholders may be paid in whole or in part in securities (which may differ among those shareholders), while other shareholders may be paid entirely in cash. The disposal of the securities received in-kind by redeeming shareholders may be subject to brokerage costs and, until sold, such securities remain subject to market risk and liquidity risk, including the risk that such securities are or become difficult to sell. If the fund pays your redemption with illiquid or less liquid securities, you will bear the risk of not being able to sell such securities. The method of valuing securities used to make redemptions in kind will be the same as the method of valuing portfolio securities described under "Net Asset Value Determination," and such valuation will be made as of the same time the redemption price is determined. The funds may pay redemption proceeds with cash obtained through short-term borrowing arrangements, if available.

Redemption of shares may be suspended, or the date of payment may be postponed, whenever: (1) trading on the NYSE is restricted, as determined by the SEC, or the NYSE is closed (except for holidays and weekends); (2) the SEC permits such suspension and so orders; or (3) an emergency exists as determined by the SEC so that disposal of securities and determination of net asset value is not reasonably practicable.

The Contingent Deferred Sales Charge ("CDSC") is waived on redemptions of Class C (and Class A and Class T, when applicable) in the circumstances described below.

**(a) Redemption upon Total Disability or Death**

A fund will waive the CDSC on redemptions following the death or total disability (as evidenced by a determination of the federal Social Security Administration) of a shareholder, but in the case of total disability only as to shares owned at the time of the initial determination of disability. The transfer agent or distributor will require satisfactory proof of death or disability before it determines to waive the CDSC.

**(b) Redemption Pursuant to a Fund's Systematic Withdrawal Plan**

A shareholder may elect to participate in a systematic withdrawal plan ("SWP") with respect to the shareholder's investment in a fund. Under the SWP, a dollar amount of a participating shareholder's investment in the fund will be redeemed systematically by the fund on a periodic basis, and the proceeds paid in accordance with the shareholder's instructions. The amount to be redeemed and frequency of the systematic withdrawals will be specified by the shareholder upon his or her election to participate in the SWP. The CDSC will be waived on redemptions made under the SWP subject to the limitations described below.

------

On redemptions made under Transamerica Funds' systematic withdrawal plan (may not exceed 12% of the annualized account value per fund on the day the systematic withdrawal plan was established).

**(c) Certain Retirement Plan Withdrawals**

CDSC is also waived for accounts opened prior to April 1, 2000, on withdrawals from IRS qualified and nonqualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, tax-sheltered accounts, and deferred compensation plans, where such withdrawals are permitted under the terms of the plan or account. (This waiver does not apply to transfer of asset redemptions, broker directed accounts or omnibus accounts.)

**Share Conversion**

If you hold Class A, Class C, Class I2, Class R6 and Class T shares and are eligible for purchase of Class I shares (as described in the prospectus), you may be eligible to convert your shares to Class I shares (or, under certain circumstances, convert to Class A shares) of the same fund, subject to the discretion of TFS to permit or reject such a conversion. If you hold Class I shares and are eligible to purchase Class R6 shares (as described in the prospectus), you may be eligible to convert Class I shares to Class R6 shares of the same fund, subject to the discretion of TFS to permit or reject such a conversion. If you hold Class I shares and are eligible to purchase Class I2 shares (as described in the prospectus), you may be eligible to convert Class I shares to Class I2 shares of the same fund, subject to the discretion of TFS to permit or reject such a conversion. Class I investors that are no longer eligible for wrap or fee based programs may convert from Class I shares to Class A shares at the request of the financial intermediary. Please contact your financial adviser or Customer Service for conversion requirements and instructions.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

If you convert from one class of shares to another, the transaction will be based on the respective NAVs of the two classes on the trade date for the conversion. Consequently, a conversion may provide you with fewer shares or more shares than you originally owned, depending on that day's NAV. At the time of conversion, the total dollar value of your "old" shares will equal the total dollar value of your "new" shares. However, subsequent share price fluctuations may decrease or increase the total dollar value of your "new" shares compared with that of your "old" shares.

**Net Asset Valuation ("NAV") Determination**

**How Share Price Is Determined**

The price at which shares are purchased or redeemed is the NAV, plus any applicable sales charge, that is next calculated following receipt and acceptance of a purchase order in good order or receipt of a redemption order in good order by the fund, an authorized intermediary, or the mail processing center located in Kansas City, Missouri.

**When Share Price Is Determined**

The NAV of each fund (or class thereof) is determined on each day the NYSE is open for business as of the scheduled close of regular trading (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). If the NYSE closes at another time, each fund will calculate a NAV for each class of shares as of the scheduled closing time. The NAV is not determined on days when the NYSE is closed (generally New Year's Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas). Foreign securities may trade in their primary markets on weekends or other days when a fund does not price its shares (therefore, the value of a fund's foreign securities may change on days when shareholders will not be able to buy or sell shares of the funds). These securities will be valued pursuant to the funds' Pricing and Valuation procedures for such securities.

Purchase orders received in good order and accepted, and redemption orders received in good order, as of the scheduled close of regular trading of the NYSE, usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, receive the NAV determined as of the close of the NYSE that day. Purchase and redemption requests received after the NYSE is closed receive the NAV determined as of the close of the NYSE the next day the NYSE is open.

For investments in separate accounts of insurance companies that invest in Class I2 shares of the funds, orders for Class I2 shares will be placed after the receipt and acceptance of the investment in the insurance company separate account.

**How NAV Is Calculated**

The NAV of each fund (or class thereof) is calculated by taking the value of its net assets and dividing by the number of shares of the fund (or class) that are then outstanding.

The value of a fund's securities and other assets for purposes of determining the fund's NAV is determined pursuant to valuation procedures of the funds and TAM. TAM has been designated as the funds' valuation designee with responsibility for fair valuation subject to oversight by the funds' Board. TAM has formed a valuation committee to assist with its designated responsibilities as valuation designee (the "Valuation Committee").

In general, securities and other investments are valued based on prices at the close of regular trading on the NYSE.

------

Equity securities, swaps, and options listed or traded on securities exchanges (except for the securities traded on NASDAQ/NMS), including ETFs, dollar-denominated foreign securities and ADRs, are normally valued at the closing price on the exchange or system where the security is principally traded. With respect to securities traded on the NASDAQ/NMS, such closing price will generally be the NASDAQ Official Closing Price ("NOCP").

The market price for debt obligations (except short-term obligations that will mature in 60 days or less) and for swaps that are not traded on a securities exchange is generally the price supplied by an independent third-party pricing service, which may use market prices or quotations or a variety of fair value techniques and methodologies to identify the market value of the security or instrument.

Short-term debt obligations that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investment's fair value.

Foreign securities are generally priced as described above for the particular type of security (*i.e.*, equity securities or debt securities). The prices for foreign securities are converted from the local currency into U.S. dollars using current exchange rates.

Market quotations for securities prices may be obtained from automated pricing services.

Shares of open-end funds (other than ETF shares) are generally valued at the NAV reported by that investment company.

ETF shares are normally valued at the most recent sale price or official closing price on the exchange on which they are traded.

When an authorized pricing service does not provide a price or the price provided is believed by the Valuation Committee to be unreliable, the value of that security may be determined using quotations from one or more broker-dealers. When such a price or quotation for a security is not readily available, or is believed by the Valuation Committee to be unreliable, then the Valuation Committee will fair value such fund investment, in good faith, in accordance with fair valuation procedures.

The types of securities for which such fair value pricing may be required include, but are not limited to: foreign securities, where a significant event occurs after the close of the foreign market on which such security principally trades that is likely to have changed the value of such security, or the closing value is otherwise deemed unreliable; securities of an issuer that has entered into a restructuring; securities whose trading has been halted or suspended; fixed-income securities that have gone into default and for which there is no current market value quotation; and securities that are restricted as to transfer or resale. The funds use a fair value model developed by an independent third party pricing service to price foreign equity securities on days when there is a certain percentage change in the value of a domestic equity security index, as such percentage may be determined by TAM from time to time.

Valuing securities in accordance with fair valuation procedures involves greater reliance on judgment than valuing securities based on readily available market quotations. The Valuation Committee makes fair value determinations in good faith in accordance with the valuation procedures. Fair value determinations can also involve reliance on quantitative models employed by a fair value pricing service. There can be no assurance that a fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the fund determines its NAV.

The prices that a fund uses may differ from the amounts that would be realized if the investments were sold and the differences could be significant, particularly for securities that trade in relatively thin markets and/or markets that experience extreme volatility.

**Brokerage**

Subject to policies established by the Board and TAM, the sub-advisers are responsible for placement of the funds' securities transactions. In placing orders, it is the policy of a fund to seek to obtain the most favorable price and execution available, except to the extent it may be permitted to pay higher brokerage commissions as described below. In seeking the most favorable price and execution, TAM or the sub-adviser, as applicable, having in mind the fund's best interests, considers all factors it deems relevant, including: the size of the transaction; the nature of the market for the security; the amount of the commission; the timing of the transaction taking into account market prices and trends; the reputation, experience and financial stability of the broker-dealer involved and the quality of service rendered by the broker-dealer in that or other transactions; trade confidentiality including anonymity; and research products and services provided, which include: (i) furnishing advice, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities, the advisability of purchasing or selling specific securities and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities and (ii) furnishing analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends and portfolio strategy and products and other services (such as third party publications, reports and analyses, and computer and electronic access, equipment, software, information and accessories) that assist each sub-adviser in carrying out its responsibilities.

Decisions as to the selection of broker-dealers and the assignment of fund brokerage business for a fund and negotiation of its commission rates are made by TAM or the sub-adviser, as applicable, whose policy is to seek to obtain "best execution" (prompt and reliable execution at

------

the most favorable security price) of all fund transactions. In doing so, a fund may pay higher commission rates than the lowest available when its sub-adviser believes it is reasonable to do so in light of the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker effecting the transaction, as discussed below.

There is generally no stated commission in the case of fixed-income securities and other securities traded on a principal basis in the over-the-counter markets, but the price paid by a fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or mark-up. In underwritten offerings, the price paid by a fund includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount retained by the underwriter or dealer. Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges and other agency transactions involve the payment by a fund of negotiated brokerage commissions. Such commissions vary among different brokers. Also, a particular broker may charge different commissions according to such factors as the difficulty and size of the transaction. Transactions in foreign securities generally involve the payment of fixed brokerage commissions, which are generally higher than those in the U.S.

It has for many years been a common practice in the investment advisory business for advisers of investment companies and other institutional investors to receive research and brokerage products and services (together, "services") from broker-dealers that execute portfolio transactions for the clients of such advisers. Consistent with this practice, the sub-advisers may receive services from many broker-dealers with which the sub-advisers place the fund's portfolio transactions. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, may include, among other things, such items as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities, recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities, and services related to the execution of securities transactions. The services obtained through brokers or dealers will be in addition to, and not in lieu of, the services required to be performed by a sub-adviser. The expenses of a sub-adviser will not necessarily be reduced as a result of the receipt of such supplemental information. A sub-adviser may use such services in servicing other accounts in addition to the respective fund. Conversely, services provided to a sub-adviser by broker-dealers in connection with trades executed on behalf of other clients of the sub-adviser may be useful to the sub-adviser in managing the fund, although not all of these services may be necessarily useful and of value to the sub-adviser in managing such other clients. The receipt of such services enables a sub-adviser to avoid the additional expenses that might otherwise be incurred if it were to attempt to develop comparable information through its own staff.

In reliance on the "safe harbor" provided by Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act and the SEC's interpretive guidance thereunder, a sub-adviser may cause a fund to pay a broker-dealer that provides "brokerage and research services" (as defined for purposes of Section 28(e)) to the sub-adviser an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for the fund in excess of the commission that another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the sub-adviser determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker-dealer. If a sub-adviser determines that any research product or service has a mixed use, such that it also serves functions that do not assist in the investment decision-making process, the sub-adviser will allocate the costs of such service or product accordingly. The portion of the product or service that a sub-adviser determines will assist it in the investment decision-making process may be paid for in brokerage commission dollars. Such allocation may create a conflict of interest for the sub-adviser. Conversely, such supplemental information obtained by the placement of business for a sub-adviser will be considered by and may be useful to the sub-adviser in carrying out its obligations to a fund.

Under the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II ("EU MiFID II"), investment firms in the European Union ("EU") and under EU MiFID II as it forms part of the domestic law of the United Kingdom ("UK") ("UK MiFID II"), investment firms in the UK or subject to such law, including certain sub-advisers to the funds, may only pay for research from brokers and dealers directly out of their own resources or by establishing "research payment accounts" for each client, rather than through client commissions. Such payments for research must be unbundled from payments for execution. EU MiFID II and UK MiFID II limit the use of soft dollars by sub-advisers located in the EU and UK, respectively, and in certain circumstances may result in sub-advisers reducing the use of soft dollars as to certain groups of clients or as to all clients.

A sub-adviser may place transactions for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities with affiliates of TAM or the sub-adviser. A sub-adviser may place transactions with a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of TAM or the sub-adviser where, in the judgment of the sub-adviser, such firm will be able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified broker-dealers. Pursuant to rules of the SEC, a broker-dealer that is an affiliate of TAM or the sub-adviser may receive and retain compensation for effecting portfolio transactions for the fund on a securities exchange if the commissions paid to such an affiliated broker-dealer by the fund do not exceed "usual and customary brokerage commissions." The rules define "usual and customary" commissions to include amounts that are "reasonable and fair compared to the commission, fee or other remuneration received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on a securities exchange during a comparable period of time."

A sub-adviser to a fund, to the extent consistent with the best execution and with TAM's usual commission rate policies and practices, may place security transactions with broker/dealers with which the Trust has established a Commission Recapture Program. A Commission Recapture Program is any arrangement under which a broker/dealer applies a portion of the commissions received by such broker/dealer on the security transactions to the funds. In no event will commissions paid by a fund be used to pay expenses that would otherwise be borne by any other fund in the Trust, or by any other party. These commissions are not used for promoting or selling fund shares or otherwise related to the distribution of fund shares.

------

Securities held by a fund may also be held by other separate accounts, mutual funds or other accounts for which TAM or a sub-adviser serves as an adviser, or held by TAM or a sub-adviser for their own accounts. Because of different investment objectives or other factors, a particular security may be bought by TAM or a sub-adviser for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the same security. If purchases or sales of securities for a fund or other entities for which they act as investment adviser or for their advisory clients arise for consideration at or about the same time, transactions in such securities will be made, insofar as feasible, for the respective entities and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all. To the extent that transactions on behalf of more than one client of TAM or a sub-adviser during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, there may be an adverse effect on price.

On occasions when TAM or a sub-adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of a fund as well as other accounts or companies, it may to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, but will not be obligated to, aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the fund with those to be sold or purchased for such other accounts or companies in order to obtain favorable execution. In that event, allocation of the securities purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by TAM or the sub-adviser in the manner it considers to be most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the fund and to such other accounts or companies. In some cases this procedure may adversely affect the size of the position obtainable for a fund and/or could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of a security so far as a fund is concerned.

The Board of the Trust reviews on a quarterly basis the brokerage placement practices of each sub-adviser on behalf of the funds, and reviews the prices and commissions, if any, paid by the funds to determine if they were reasonable.

**Brokerage Commissions Paid**

The following funds paid the aggregate brokerage commissions indicated for the last three fiscal years:

"N/A" in the table below indicates that the fund was not in operation during the relevant fiscal year and, accordingly, no commissions are shown.

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund Name** | **Brokerage Commissions Paid** <br> **(including affiliated commissions)** | **Brokerage Commissions Paid** <br> **(including affiliated commissions)** | **Brokerage Commissions Paid** <br> **(including affiliated commissions)** | **Brokerage Commissions Paid** <br> **(including affiliated commissions)** | **Brokerage Commissions Paid** <br> **(including affiliated commissions)** | **Brokerage Commissions Paid** <br> **(including affiliated commissions)** | **Affiliated Brokerage** <br> **Commissions Paid** | **Affiliated Brokerage** <br> **Commissions Paid** | **Affiliated Brokerage** <br> **Commissions Paid** | **Affiliated Brokerage** <br> **Commissions Paid** | **Affiliated Brokerage** <br> **Commissions Paid** | **Affiliated Brokerage** <br> **Commissions Paid** |
| **Fund Name** | **2022($)** | **2022(%)^** | **2021($)** | **2021(%)^** | **2020($)** | **2020(%)^** | **2022($)** | **2022(%)^** | **2021($)** | **2021(%)^** | **2020($)** | **2020(%)^** |
| Transamerica International Sustainable Equity | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica Long Credit | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Transamerica UltraShort Bond | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |  |

---

^ Brokerage Commissions Paid by the fund as a percentage of overall Brokerage Commissions Paid by all Transamerica Funds.

\* Affiliated Brokerage Commissions Paid by the fund as a percentage of total Brokerage Commissions Paid by the fund.

**Brokerage Commissions Paid for Research**

There were no brokerage commission that were directed to brokers for brokerage and research services as the funds had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI.

**Securities of Regular Broker Dealers**

The funds did not purchase securities issued by regular broker-dealers of Transamerica Funds as the funds had not commenced operations prior to the date of this SAI.

**Principal Shareholders and Control Persons**

**Principal Shareholders**

As of the date of this SAI, the funds had not commenced operations and therefore no principal shareholders to disclose.

**Control Persons**

Any shareholder who holds beneficially 25% or more of a fund may be deemed to control the fund until such time as it holds beneficially less than 25% of the outstanding common shares of the fund. Any shareholder controlling a fund may be able to determine the outcome of issues that are submitted to shareholders for vote, and may be able to take action regarding the fund without the consent or approval of the other shareholders.

As of the date of this SAI, the funds had not commenced operations and therefore no control persons to disclose.

**Management Ownership**

The Trustees and officers as a group own less than 1% of any class of the funds as the funds had not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.

------

**Further Information About the Trust and the Funds**

The Trust is organized as a Delaware statutory trust. Delaware law provides a statutory framework for the powers, duties, rights and obligations of the Trustees and shareholders of the Trust, while the more specific powers, duties, rights and obligations of the Trustees and the shareholders are determined by the Trustees as set forth in the Trust's Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust ("Declaration") dated as of December 10, 2015, and the Trust's Bylaws, as may be amended from time to time. Every shareholder, by virtue of purchasing shares and becoming a shareholder, agrees to be bound by the terms of the Declaration. Some of the more significant provisions of the Declaration are described below.

*Shareholder Voting*. The Declaration provides for shareholder voting as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable laws but otherwise permits, consistent with Delaware law, actions by the Trustees without seeking the consent of shareholders. A fund is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders, but a fund will call special meetings of shareholders whenever required by the 1940 Act or by the terms of the Declaration. The Declaration provides for "dollar-weighted voting" which means that a shareholder's voting power is determined, not by the number of shares he or she owns, but by the net asset value, in U.S. dollars, of those shares determined at the close of business on the record date. All shareholders of record of all series and classes of the Trust vote together, except where required by the 1940 Act to vote separately by series or by class, or when the Trustees have determined that a matter affects only the interests of one or more series or classes of shares. There is no cumulative voting on any matter submitted to a vote of the shareholders.

*Election and Removal of Trustees*. The Declaration provides that the Trustees may establish the number of Trustees and that vacancies on the Board may be filled by a vote or consent of the remaining Trustees, except when election of Trustees by the shareholders is required under the 1940 Act. Trustees are then elected by a plurality of votes cast by shareholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present. The Declaration also provides that a mandatory retirement age may be set by action of two-thirds of the Trustees and that any Trustee may be removed by a vote of shareholders holding two-thirds of the voting power of the Trust, or by a vote of two-thirds of the remaining Trustees. The provisions of the Declaration relating to the election and removal of Trustees may not be amended without the approval of two-thirds of the Trustees.

*Amendments to the Declaration*. The Trustees are authorized to amend the Declaration without the vote of shareholders, but no amendment may be made that impairs the exemption from personal liability granted in the Declaration to persons who are or have been shareholders, Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust, that limits the rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses or insurance provided in the Declaration with respect to actions or omissions of persons entitled to indemnification, advancement of expenses or insurance under the Declaration prior to the amendment.

*Issuance and Redemption of Shares*. A fund may issue an unlimited number of shares for such consideration and on such terms as the Trustees may determine. All shares offered pursuant to the prospectus of a fund, when issued, will be fully paid and non- assessable. Shareholders are not entitled to any appraisal, preemptive, conversion, exchange or similar rights, except as the Trustees may determine. A fund may involuntarily redeem a shareholder's shares upon certain conditions as may be determined by the Trustees, including, for example, if the shareholder fails to provide a fund with identification required by law, or if the fund is unable to verify the information received from the shareholder or the shareholder fails to provide the required information. In addition, as discussed below, shares may be redeemed in connection with the closing of small accounts.

*Disclosure of Shareholder Holdings*. The Declaration specifically requires shareholders, upon demand, to disclose in writing to a fund information with respect to the direct and indirect ownership of shares in order to comply with various laws or regulations, and a fund may disclose such ownership if required by law or regulation, or as the Trustees otherwise decide.

*Small Accounts*. The Declaration provides that a fund may close out a shareholder's account by redeeming all of the shares in the account if the account falls below a minimum account size (which may vary by class) that may be set by the Trustees from time to time. Alternately, the Declaration permits a fund to assess a fee for small accounts (which may vary by class) and redeem shares in the account to cover such fees, or convert the shares into another share class that is geared to smaller accounts.

*Shareholder, Trustee and Officer Liability*. The Declaration provides that shareholders are not personally liable for the obligations of a fund and requires the fund to indemnify a shareholder against any loss or expense arising from any such liability. A fund will assume the defense of any claim against a shareholder for personal liability at the request of the shareholder.

The Declaration provides that a Trustee acting in his or her capacity as a Trustee is not personally liable to any person, other than the Trust or any series, in connection with the affairs of the Trust. The Declaration also provides that no Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust owes any duty to any person (including without limitation any shareholder), other than the Trust or any series. Each Trustee is required to perform his or her duties in good faith and in a manner he or she believes to be in the best interests of the Trust. All actions and omissions of Trustees are presumed to be in accordance with the foregoing standard of performance, and any person alleging the contrary has the burden of proving that allegation.

The Declaration requires the Trust to indemnify any persons who are or who have been Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and expenses in connection with any claim or proceeding in which he or she is involved by virtue of having been a Trustee, officer or employee. In making any determination as to whether any person is entitled to the advancement of expenses in connection with a claim for which indemnification is sought, such person is entitled to a rebuttable presumption that he or she did not engage in conduct for which indemnification is not available.

------

The Declaration provides that any Trustee who serves as chair of the Board, a member or chair of a committee of the Board, lead independent Trustee, audit committee financial expert, or in any other similar capacity will not be subject to any greater standard of care or liability because of such position.

*Derivative and Direct Actions*. The Declaration provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative or direct actions by shareholders in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to a fund or its shareholders as a result of spurious shareholder claims, demands and derivative actions.

Prior to bringing a derivative action, the Declaration requires that a demand by no fewer than three unrelated shareholders must be made on the Trustees. The Declaration details information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgements that must be included in the demand. The Trustees are not required to consider a demand that is not submitted in accordance with the requirements contained in the Declaration. The Declaration also requires that, in order to bring a derivative action, the complaining shareholders must be joined in the action by shareholders owning, at the time of the alleged wrongdoing, at the time of demand, and at the time the action is commenced, shares representing at least 5% of the voting power of the affected funds. The Trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended by up to an additional 60 days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the Trustees who are considered independent for the purposes of considering the demand (or a committee comprised of some or all of such Trustees), with the assistance of counsel who may be retained by such Trustees on behalf and at the expense of the Trust, determine that a suit should be maintained, then the Trust will commence the suit and the suit generally will proceed directly and not derivatively. If a majority of the independent Trustees determines that maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of the funds, the Trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining shareholders may not proceed with the derivative action unless the shareholders are able to sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the Trustees not to pursue the requested action was not consistent with the standard of performance required of the Trustees in performing their duties. If a demand is rejected, each complaining shareholder will be responsible, jointly and severally with any and all other complaining shareholders, for the costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by the Trust in connection with the consideration of the demand, if, in the judgment of the independent Trustees, the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose.

The Declaration provides that no Shareholder may bring a direct action claiming injury as a shareholder of the Trust, or any series or class thereof, where the matters alleged (if true) would give rise to a claim by the Trust or by the Trust on behalf of a series or class, unless the shareholder has suffered an injury distinct from that suffered by the shareholders of the Trust, or the series or class, generally. Under the Declaration, a shareholder bringing a direct claim must be a shareholder of the series or class with respect to which the direct action is brought at the time of the injury complained of, or have acquired the shares afterwards by operation of law from a person who was a shareholder at that time.

If a derivative or direct action is brought in violation of the Declaration, each shareholder who commences or maintains such action will be required. jointly and severally, to reimburse the Trust for the costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by the Trust in connection with the action if the action is dismissed on the basis of the failure to comply with the Declaration. In addition, if a court determines that any derivative action has been brought without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose, the costs and expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by the Trust in connection with the action will be borne, jointly and severally, by each shareholder who commenced the action.

The Declaration further provides that a fund shall be responsible for payment of attorneys' fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining shareholder bring a derivative or direct claim only if required by law, and any attorneys' fees that the fund is obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. The Declaration also requires that actions by shareholders against the Trust or a fund be brought only in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, or if not permitted to be brought in federal court, then in the New York Supreme Court sitting in New York County with assignment to the Commercial Division to the extent such assignment is permitted under the applicable court rules, and that the right to jury trial be waived to the fullest extent permitted by law.

*Series and Classes*. The Declaration provides that the Trustees may establish series and classes in addition to those currently established and that the Trustees may determine the rights and preferences, limitations and restrictions, including qualifications for ownership, conversion and exchange features, minimum purchase and account size, expenses and charges, and other features of the series and classes. The Trustees may change any of those features, terminate any series or class, combine series with other series in the Trust, combine one or more classes of a series with another class in that series or convert the shares of one class into shares of another class. Each share of a fund, as a series of the Trust, represents an interest in the fund only and not in the assets of any other series of the Trust.

The shares of beneficial interest of the Trust are divided into twelve classes: Class A, Class C, Class I, Class I2, Class I3, Class R, Class R1, Class R2, Class R3, Class R4, Class R6 and Class T. Not all funds offer all classes of shares. See a fund's prospectus for a discussion of which classes of shares of that fund are available for purchase and who is eligible to purchase shares of each class. Each class represents interests in the same assets of the fund and differ as follows: each class of shares has exclusive voting rights on matters pertaining to its plan of distribution or any other matter appropriately limited to that class; the classes are subject to differing sales charges as described in the prospectus; Class A, Class C, Class R, Class R1, Class R2, Class R3 and Class R4 shares are subject to ongoing distribution and service fees. Class I, Class I2, Class I3, Class R6 and Class T shares have no annual distribution and service fees. Each class may bear differing amounts of certain class-specific expenses, and each class has a separate exchange privilege. Class T shares are not available to new investors; only existing Class T shareholders may purchase additional Class T shares. On November 30, 2009, all shares previously designated as Class I shares were re-designated as Class I2 shares. On February 10, 2012, all shares previously designated as Class P shares were converted into

------

Class I shares. On October 13, 2017, Class R shares of Transamerica Government Money Market were renamed Class R2 shares. As described above in the section entitled "Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares - Purchase of Shares," on March 31, 2021, Transamerica Government Money Market was closed to most new investors until further notice.

The Trust does not anticipate that there will be any conflicts between the interests of holders of the different classes of shares of the same fund by virtue of these classes. On an ongoing basis, the Board will consider whether any such conflict exists and, if so, take appropriate action.

**Dividends and Other Distributions**

An investor may choose among several options with respect to dividends and capital gains distributions payable to the investor. Dividends or other distributions will be paid in full and fractional shares at the net asset value determined as of the ex-dividend date unless the shareholder has elected another distribution option as described in the prospectus. Transaction confirmations and checks for payments designated to be made in cash generally will be mailed on the payable date. The per share income dividends on Class C shares of a fund are anticipated to be lower than the per share income dividends on Class A, Class I, Class I2 and Class R6 shares of that fund as a result of higher distribution and service fees applicable to Class C shares.

**Taxes**

Each fund has qualified (or expects to qualify in its first year), and expects to continue to qualify, for treatment as a regulated investment company (a "RIC") under the Code. In order to qualify for that treatment, a fund must distribute to its shareholders for each taxable year at least the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction, and 90% of its net exempt-interest income, if any (the "Distribution Requirement"). Each fund must also meet several other requirements. These requirements include the following: (1) a fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including gains from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships; (2) at the close of each quarter of a fund's taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities (limited in respect of any one issuer of such other securities to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the fund's total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer); and (3) at the close of each quarter of a fund's taxable year, not more than 25% of the value of its total assets may be invested in securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, in securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers that the fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or in securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.

If a fund qualifies as a RIC and timely distributes to its shareholders substantially all of its net income and net capital gains, then the fund should have little or no income taxable to it under the Code. If a fund meets the Distribution Requirement but retains some portion of its taxable income or gains, it generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the applicable corporate rate on the amounts retained. A fund may designate certain amounts retained as undistributed net capital gain in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount so designated, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the fund on that undistributed amount against their federal income tax liabilities and to claim refunds to the extent such credits exceed those liabilities and (iii) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for federal income tax purposes, in their shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a fund is permitted to carry forward indefinitely a net capital loss from any taxable year to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the fund and may not be distributed as such to shareholders. Generally, the funds may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. Under certain circumstances, a fund may elect to treat certain losses as though they were incurred on the first day of the taxable year immediately following the taxable year in which they were actually incurred.

Assuming a fund has sufficient earnings and profits, its shareholders generally are required to include distributions from the fund (whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares) as (1) ordinary income, to the extent the distributions are attributable to the fund's investment income (except for qualified dividend income as discussed below), net short-term capital gain and certain net realized foreign exchange gains, (2) "exempt-interest dividends", as discussed below, or (3) capital gains, to the extent of the fund's net capital gain (i.e., the fund's net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses). Transamerica Intermediate Muni and Transamerica High Yield Muni expect to distribute exempt-interest dividends, which are generally exempt from regular federal income tax but may be subject to state and local taxes and may be a tax preference item for purposes of the AMT. The other funds generally do not expect to be able to distribute exempt-interest dividends; however, Transamerica Asset Allocation – Conservative Portfolio, Transamerica Asset Allocation – Growth Portfolio, Transamerica Asset Allocation – Moderate Growth Portfolio, or Transamerica Asset Allocation – Moderate Portfolio may distribute exempt-interest dividends if it invests in one or more underlying funds that pay exempt-interest dividends.

------

If a fund fails to qualify for treatment as a RIC, the fund will be subject to U.S. federal, and possibly state, corporate taxes on its taxable income and gains, and distributions to its shareholders (including distributions that would otherwise qualify as capital gain dividends or as exempt-interest dividends) will constitute ordinary dividend income to the extent of the fund's available earnings and profits. Under certain circumstances, a fund may be able to cure a failure to qualify as a regulated investment company, but in order to do so, the fund may incur significant fund-level taxes and may be forced to dispose of certain assets.

Distributions by a fund in excess of its current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of (and in reduction of) each shareholder's tax basis in its shares, and any distributions in excess of that basis will be treated as gain from the sale of shares, as discussed below.

A fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income (for that calendar year) and capital gain net income (for the one-year period generally ending on October 31 of that year), increased or decreased by certain other amounts. Each fund intends to distribute annually a sufficient amount of any taxable income and capital gains so as to avoid liability for this excise tax.

Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, any dividend declared by a fund in October, November or December, payable to shareholders of record during such a month, and paid during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which it was declared. In addition, certain distributions made after the close of a taxable year of a fund may be "spilled back" and treated for certain purposes as paid by the relevant fund during such taxable year. In such case, shareholders generally will be treated as having received such dividends in the taxable year in which the distributions were actually made. For purposes of calculating the amount of a RIC's undistributed income and gain subject to the 4% excise tax described above, such "spilled back" dividends are treated as paid by the RIC when they are actually paid.

U.S. federal income tax law generally taxes noncorporate taxpayers on long-term capital gains and on "qualified dividend income" at reduced rates. Certain capital gain dividends attributable to dividends received from U.S. REITs may be taxable to noncorporate shareholders at the rate other than the reduced rates generally applicable to long-term capital gains.

Except for "exempt-interest dividends," as described below, other distributions, including distributions of earnings from, in general, dividends paid to a fund that are not themselves qualified dividend income to the fund, interest income, other types of ordinary income and short-term capital gains, will generally be taxed at the ordinary income tax rate applicable to the taxpayer.

Qualified dividend income generally means dividend income received from a fund's investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain "qualified foreign corporations," provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the fund and the shareholder receiving a distribution of the dividend income. Qualified dividend income generally also includes any dividend income (i) that is received by a fund from an underlying fund that is itself treated as a RIC and that received such income as dividends on common and preferred stock of U.S. companies or on stock of certain qualified foreign corporations, and (ii) that is reported as qualified dividend income by the underlying RICs, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by the underlying fund, the fund and the shareholders. If 95% or more of a fund's gross income (calculated without taking into account net capital gain derived from sales or other dispositions of stock or securities) consists of qualified dividend income, that fund may report all distributions of such income as qualified dividend income.

A foreign corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation for this purpose if it is incorporated in a possession of the U.S. or it is eligible for the benefits of certain income tax treaties with the U.S. and meets certain additional requirements. Certain foreign corporations that are not otherwise qualified foreign corporations will be treated as qualified foreign corporations with respect to dividends paid by them if the stock with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S. Passive foreign investment companies are not qualified foreign corporations for this purpose.

A dividend that is attributable to qualified dividend income of a fund and that is paid by the fund to a shareholder will not be taxable as qualified dividend income to such shareholder (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of the fund held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share became "ex-dividend" with respect to such dividend, (2) to the extent that the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, or (3) if the shareholder elects to have the dividend treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest. The "ex-dividend" date is the date on which the owner of the share at the commencement of such date is entitled to receive the next issued dividend payment for such share even if the share is sold by the owner on that date or thereafter. Dividends received by a fund from REITs generally do not qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income.

Certain dividends received by a fund, or attributable to dividends received by an underlying fund, from U.S. corporations (generally, dividends received by the fund or underlying fund in respect of any share of stock (1) with a tax holding period of at least 46 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date that is 45 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend and (2) that is held in an unleveraged position) and distributed and appropriately reported by the fund may be eligible for the 50% dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations under the Code. Certain preferred stock must have a holding period of at least 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend in order to be eligible. Capital gain dividends distributed to a fund from other RICs are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction. In order to qualify for the deduction, corporate shareholders must meet the minimum holding period requirement stated above with respect to their fund

------

shares, taking into account any holding period reductions from certain hedging or other transactions or positions that diminish their risk of loss with respect to their fund shares, and, if they borrow to acquire or otherwise incur debt attributable to fund shares, they may be denied a portion of the dividends-received deduction with respect to those shares. The applicable holding period requirements must also be satisfied by the fund and any underlying fund. Any corporate shareholder should consult its tax advisor regarding the possibility that its tax basis in its shares may be reduced, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, by reason of "extraordinary dividends" received with respect to the shares and, to the extent such basis would be reduced below zero, current recognition of income may be required.

Any fund distribution (other than a dividend that is declared on a daily basis) will have the effect of reducing the per share net asset value of shares in the fund by the amount of the distribution. Shareholders purchasing shares shortly before the record date of any dividend distribution that is not declared daily may thus pay the full price for the shares then effectively receive a portion of the purchase price back as a taxable distribution unless the distribution is an exempt-interest dividend.

The U.S. federal income tax status of all distributions will be reported to shareholders annually.

Under Section 163(j) of the Code, a taxpayer's business interest expense is generally deductible to the extent of its business interest income plus certain other amounts. If a fund earns business interest income, it may report a portion of its dividends as "Section 163(j) interest dividends," which its shareholders may be able to treat as business interest income for purposes of Section 163(j) of the Code. The fund's "Section 163(j) interest dividend" for a tax year will be limited to the excess of its business interest income over the sum of its business interest expense and other deductions properly allocable to its business interest income. In general, the fund's shareholders may treat a distribution reported as a Section 163(j) interest dividend as interest income only to the extent the distribution exceeds the sum of the portions of the distribution reported as other types of tax-favored income (which would generally include exempt-interest income). To be eligible to treat a Section 163(j) interest dividend as interest income, a shareholder may need to meet certain holding period requirements in respect of the shares and must not have hedged its position in the shares in certain ways.

A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a "surviving spouse" for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates or trusts. For these purposes, interest, dividends and certain capital gains are generally taken into account in computing a shareholder's net investment income, but exempt-interest dividends are not taken into account for this purpose.

Certain tax-exempt educational institutions will be subject to a 1.4% tax on net investment income. For these purposes, certain dividends (other than exempt-interest dividends) and capital gain distributions, and certain gains from the disposition of fund shares (among other categories of income), are generally taken into account in computing a shareholder's net investment income.

If a fund is the holder of record of any stock on the record date for any dividends payable with respect to such stock, such dividends will be included in the fund's gross income not as of the date received, but as of the later of (a) the date such stock became ex-dividend with respect to such dividends or (b) the date the fund acquired such stock. Accordingly, in order to satisfy its income distribution requirements, a fund may be required to pay dividends based on anticipated earnings, and shareholders may receive dividends in an earlier year than would otherwise be the case.

The Code permits tax-exempt interest received by a fund to flow through as tax-exempt "exempt-interest dividends" to the fund's shareholders if the fund qualifies as a regulated investment company and at least 50% of the value of its total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable year consists of tax-exempt obligations, i.e., obligations that pay interest excluded from gross income under Section 103(a) of the Code. The Code also permits tax-exempt interest (including exempt-interest dividends) received by a fund that is a "qualified fund of funds" to flow through as tax-exempt "exempt-interest dividends" to the fund's shareholders. Transamerica Asset Allocation – Conservative Portfolio, Transamerica Asset Allocation – Growth Portfolio, Transamerica Asset Allocation – Moderate Growth Portfolio, and Transamerica Asset Allocation – Moderate Portfolio are expected to be treated as qualified fund of funds. Exempt-interest dividends are excluded from a shareholder's gross income under the Code but are nevertheless required to be reported on the shareholder's U.S. federal income tax return. The percentage of income reported as exempt-interest dividends for a month may differ from the percentage of distributions consisting of tax-exempt interest during that month.

Exempt-interest dividends derived from interest on certain "private activity bonds" will be items of tax preference, which increase alternative minimum taxable income for non-corporate taxpayers subject to the AMT.

Interest on indebtedness incurred or continued by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of a fund distributing exempt-interest dividends will not be deductible for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent the indebtedness is deemed under the Code and applicable regulations to relate to exempt-interest dividends received from the fund. A fund distributing exempt-interest dividends may not be an appropriate investment for persons who are "substantial users" of facilities financed by industrial revenue or private activity bonds or persons related to substantial users. Shareholders receiving social security or certain railroad retirement benefits may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of such benefits as a result of receiving exempt-interest dividends paid by a fund.

Redemptions, sales and exchanges generally are taxable events for shareholders that are subject to tax. Redemptions, sales or exchanges of shares of Transamerica Government Money Market will not result in taxable gain or loss if that fund maintains a constant net asset value per share. In general, if shares of a fund other than Transamerica Government Money Market are redeemed, sold or exchanged, the shareholder will recognize a capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the proceeds of the redemption or sale or the value of the shares

------

exchanged and the shareholder's adjusted basis in the shares redeemed, sold or exchanged. This capital gain or loss may be long-term or short-term, generally depending upon the shareholder's holding period for the shares. For tax purposes, a loss will be disallowed on the redemption, sale or exchange of shares if the disposed of shares are replaced (including replacement by shares acquired pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date of the redemption, sale or exchange of such shares. Should the replacement of such shares fall within this 61-day period, the basis of the acquired shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Any loss realized by the shareholder on its disposition of fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less may be disallowed to the extent of any exempt-interest dividends paid with respect to such shares, and any portion of such loss that exceeds the amount disallowed will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the shareholder of long-term capital gain with respect to such shares (including any amounts credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gains).

Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to fund shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder, or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, in any single taxable year (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Shareholders who own portfolio securities directly are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement but, under current guidance, shareholders of RICs are not excepted. A shareholder who fails to make the required disclosure to the IRS may be subject to substantial penalties. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether or not the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult with their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

None of the Asset Allocation funds (each, a "Fund of Funds") will be able to offset gains distributed by any underlying fund in which it invests against losses incurred by another underlying fund in which it invests because the underlying funds cannot distribute losses. A Fund of Funds' redemptions and sales of shares in an underlying fund, including those resulting from changes in the allocation among underlying funds, could cause the Fund of Funds to recognize taxable gain or loss. A portion of any such gains may be short-term capital gains that would be distributable as ordinary income to shareholders of the Fund of Funds. Further, a portion of losses on redemptions of shares in the underlying funds may be deferred. Short-term capital gains earned by an underlying fund will be treated as ordinary dividends when distributed to a Fund of Funds and therefore may not be offset by any short-term capital losses incurred by that Fund of Funds. Thus, a Fund of Funds' short-term capital losses may offset its long-term capital gains, which might otherwise be eligible for reduced U.S. federal income tax rates for noncorporate shareholders, as discussed above. As a result of these factors, the use of the fund-of-funds structure by the Funds of Funds could adversely affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to their shareholders.

The funds and the underlying funds may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries, including taxes on interest, dividends and capital gains with respect to their investments in those countries. Any such taxes would, if imposed, reduce the yield on or return from those investments. Tax conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. If more than 50% of a fund's total assets at the close of any taxable year consist of stock or securities of foreign corporations, the fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders their pro rata shares of qualified foreign taxes paid by the fund for that taxable year. If at least 50% of a fund's total assets at the close of each quarter of a taxable year consist of interests in other RICs, the fund may make the same election and pass through to its shareholders their pro rata shares of qualified foreign taxes paid by those other RICs and passed through to the fund for that taxable year. If the fund so elects, its shareholders would be required to include the passed-through taxes in their gross incomes (in addition to the dividends and distributions they actually receive), would treat such taxes as foreign taxes paid by them, and as described below may be entitled to a tax deduction for such taxes or a tax credit, subject to a holding period requirement and other limitations under the Code.

Qualified foreign taxes generally include taxes that would be treated as income taxes under U.S. tax regulations but do not include most other taxes, such as stamp taxes, securities transaction taxes, and similar taxes. If a fund qualifies to make, and makes, the election described above, shareholders may deduct their pro rata portion of qualified foreign taxes paid by the fund or those other RICs for that taxable year in computing their income subject to U.S. federal income taxation or, alternatively, claim them as credits, subject to applicable limitations under the Code, against their U.S. federal income taxes. Shareholders who do not itemize deductions for U.S. federal income tax purposes will not, however, be able to deduct their pro rata portion of qualified foreign taxes paid by the fund or those other RICs, although such shareholders will be required to include their shares of such taxes in gross income if the fund makes the election described above. No deduction for such taxes will be permitted to individuals in computing their AMT liability.

If a fund makes this election and a shareholder chooses to take a credit for the foreign taxes deemed paid by such shareholder, the amount of the credit that may be claimed in any year may not exceed the same proportion of the U.S. tax against which such credit is taken that the shareholder's taxable income from foreign sources (but not in excess of the shareholder's entire taxable income) bears to his entire taxable income. For this purpose, long-term and short-term capital gains the fund realizes and distributes to shareholders will generally not be treated as income from foreign sources in their hands, nor will distributions of certain foreign currency gains subject to Section 988 of the Code or of any other income realized by the fund that is deemed, under the Code, to be U.S.-source income in the hands of the fund. This foreign tax credit limitation may also be applied separately to certain specific categories of foreign-source income and the related foreign taxes. As a result of these rules, which may have different effects depending upon each shareholder's particular tax situation, certain shareholders may not be able to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by a fund or other RICs in which the fund invests. Shareholders who are not liable for U.S. federal income taxes, including tax-exempt shareholders, will ordinarily not benefit from this election. If a fund does make the election, it will provide required tax information to shareholders. RICs generally may deduct any foreign taxes that are not passed through to their shareholders in computing their income available for distribution to shareholders to satisfy

------

applicable tax distribution requirements. Under certain circumstances, if a fund or an underlying fund receives a refund of foreign taxes paid in respect of a prior year, the value of the fund's shares or the value of the underlying fund's shares, as applicable, could be affected, or any foreign tax credits or deductions passed through to shareholders in respect of the foreign taxes for the current year could be reduced.

The following paragraphs are intended to disclose risks of investments that certain funds may make directly and that the Funds of Funds may make indirectly, through underlying funds. Thus, references in the following paragraphs to one or more "funds" should be read to include, as applicable, references to one or more "underlying funds."

**Master Limited Partnerships:** A fund may invest no more than 25% of its total assets in the securities of MLPs and other entities treated as qualified publicly traded partnerships for federal income tax purposes. An MLP is an entity treated as a partnership under the Code, the partnership interests of which are traded on securities exchanges like shares of corporate stock. An entity that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes generally is not itself subject to federal income tax. Instead, each partner in the partnership is generally required to take into account its distributive share of items of the partnership's income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit for each taxable year substantially as though such items had been realized directly by the partner and without regard to whether the partnership distributes any amount to its partners. To qualify for that treatment, an MLP must receive at least 90% of its income from qualifying sources such as interest, dividends, income and gain from mineral or natural resources activities, income and gain from the transportation or storage of certain fuels, and, in certain circumstances, income and gain from commodities or futures, forwards and options with respect to commodities. For this purpose, mineral or natural resources activities include exploration, development, production, mining, refining, marketing and transportation (including pipelines) of oil and gas, minerals, geothermal energy, fertilizer, timber or industrial source carbon dioxide. If it does not so qualify, it will generally be subject to tax as a corporation, and there could be a material decrease in the value of its securities.

Depreciation or other cost recovery deductions passed through to a fund from any investments in MLPs in a given year will generally reduce that fund's taxable income, but those deductions may be recaptured in that fund's income in one or more subsequent years. When recognized and distributed, recapture income will generally be taxable to fund shareholders at the time of the distribution at ordinary income tax rates, even though those shareholders might not have held shares in the fund recognizing recapture income at the time the deductions were taken by that fund, and even though those shareholders may not have corresponding economic gain on their shares at the time of the recapture. In order to distribute recapture income or to fund redemption requests, a fund may need to liquidate investments, which may lead to additional recapture income.

Noncorporate taxpayers are generally eligible for a deduction of up to 20% of "qualified publicly traded partnership income." A fund will not be able to claim such a deduction in respect of income allocated to it by any MLPs or other publicly traded partnerships in which it invests, and shareholders will not be able to claim such a deduction in respect of fund dividends attributable to any such income.

**Passive Foreign Investment Companies:** Certain funds may invest in the stock of "passive foreign investment companies" ("PFICs"). A PFIC is a foreign corporation that, in general, meets either of the following tests: (1) at least 75% of its gross income is derived from passive investments; or (2) at least 50% of its assets (generally computed based on average fair market value) held during the taxable year produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Under certain circumstances, a fund will be subject to federal income tax on gain from the disposition of PFIC shares and on certain distributions from a PFIC (collectively, "excess distributions"), plus interest thereon, even if the fund distributes the excess distributions as a taxable dividend to its shareholders. If a fund invests in a PFIC and elects in the first year in which it holds such investment (or if it elects subsequently and makes certain other elections) to treat the PFIC as a "qualified electing fund," then in lieu of the foregoing tax and interest obligation, the fund will be required to include in income each year its pro rata share of the qualified electing fund's annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses). This income inclusion is required even if the PFIC does not distribute such income and gains to the fund, and the amounts so included would be subject to the Distribution Requirement described above. In many instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because of certain requirements thereof. In order to distribute any such income and gains and satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to RICs, a fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss to the fund.

A fund may, in the alternative, elect to mark to market its PFIC stock at the end of each taxable year, with the result that unrealized gains are treated as though they were realized as of such date. Any such gains will be ordinary income rather than capital gain. In order for a fund making this election to distribute any such income and gains and satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to RICs, the fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss to the fund. If the mark-to-market election were made, tax at the fund level under the excess distribution rules would be eliminated, but a fund could still incur nondeductible interest charges if it makes the mark-to-market election in a year after the first taxable year in which it acquired the PFIC stock.

**Controlled Foreign Corporations**: If a sufficient percentage of the interests in a foreign issuer are held or deemed held by a fund, independently or together with certain other U.S. persons, that issuer may be treated as a "controlled foreign corporation" (a "CFC") with respect to the fund, in which case the fund will be required to take into account each year, as ordinary income, its share of certain portions of that issuer's income, whether or not such amounts are distributed. A fund may have to dispose of its portfolio securities (potentially resulting in the recognition of taxable gain or loss, and potentially under disadvantageous circumstances) to generate cash, or may have to borrow the cash, to meet its distribution requirements and avoid fund-level taxes. In addition, some fund gains on the disposition of interests in such an issuer may be treated as ordinary income. A fund may limit and/or manage its holdings in issuers that could be treated as CFCs in order to limit its tax liability or maximize its after-tax return from these investments.

------

**Options, Futures and Forward Contracts and Swap Agreements:** Certain options, futures contracts, and forward contracts in which a fund may invest may be "Section 1256 contracts." Gains or losses on Section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses; however, foreign currency gains or losses arising from certain Section 1256 contracts may be treated as ordinary income or loss. Also, Section 1256 contracts held by a fund at the end of each taxable year are "marked to market" with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized. In order to distribute any such gains, satisfy the distribution requirements applicable to RICs and avoid taxation, a fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss to the fund.

Generally, the hedging transactions undertaken by a fund may result in "straddles" for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains (or losses) realized by a fund. In addition, losses realized by a fund on positions that are part of a straddle may be deferred under the straddle rules, rather than being taken into account in calculating the taxable income for the taxable year in which such losses are realized. Because only a few regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the tax consequences of transactions in options, futures, forward contracts, swap agreements and other financial contracts to a fund are not entirely clear. The transactions may increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by a fund, which is taxed as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders.

A fund may make one or more of the elections available under the Code which are applicable to straddles. If a fund makes any of the elections, the amount, character and timing of the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions will be determined under rules that vary according to the election(s) made. The rules applicable under certain of the elections may operate to accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions.

Because application of the straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses, defer losses and/or accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions, the amount which must be distributed to shareholders, and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased as compared to a fund that did not engage in such hedging transactions.

Because only a few regulations regarding the treatment of swap agreements, and related caps, floors and collars, have been promulgated, the tax consequences of such transactions are not entirely clear. The funds intend to account for such transactions in a manner deemed by them to be appropriate, but the IRS might not accept such treatment. If it did not, the status of a fund as a RIC might be affected.

The requirements applicable to a fund's qualification as a RIC may limit the extent to which a fund will be able to engage in transactions in options, futures contracts, forward contracts, swap agreements and other financial contracts.

Certain hedging activities may cause a dividend that would otherwise be subject to the lower tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income to instead be taxed at the rate of tax applicable to ordinary income.

**Original Issue Discount:** If a fund invests in certain pay-in-kind securities, zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities or, in general, any other securities with original issue discount (or with market discount if the fund elects to include market discount in income currently), the fund generally must accrue income on such investments for each taxable year, which generally will be prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payments. However, each fund must distribute to its shareholders, at least annually, all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and net tax-exempt income, including any such accrued income, to qualify for treatment as a RIC under the Code and avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes. Therefore, a fund may have to dispose of its portfolio securities to generate cash, or may have to borrow the cash, to satisfy distribution requirements. Such a disposition of securities may potentially result in additional taxable gain or loss to a fund.

**Constructive Sales:** The constructive sale rules may affect timing and character of gain if a fund engages in transactions that reduce or eliminate its risk of loss with respect to appreciated financial positions. If a fund enters into certain transactions in property while holding substantially identical property, the fund will be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the property and will be taxed on any gain (but not loss) from the constructive sale. The character of any gain from a constructive sale will depend upon the fund's holding period in the property. Any loss from a constructive sale will be recognized when the property is subsequently disposed of, and the character of such loss will depend on the fund's holding period and the application of various loss deferral provisions of the Code.

**Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs):** For tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, a noncorporate taxpayer is generally eligible for a deduction of up to 20% of the taxpayer's "qualified REIT dividends." If a fund receives dividends (other than capital gain dividends) in respect of U.S. REIT shares, the fund may report its own dividends as eligible for the 20% deduction, to the extent the fund's income is derived from such qualified REIT dividends, as reduced by allocable Fund expenses. In order for the fund's dividends to be eligible for this deduction when received by a noncorporate shareholder, the fund must meet certain holding period requirements with respect to the U.S. REIT shares on which the fund received the eligible dividends, and the noncorporate shareholder must meet certain holding period requirements with respect to the fund shares.

**Foreign Currency Transactions:** Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time a fund accrues income or expenses denominated in a foreign currency (or determined by reference to the value of one or more foreign currencies) and the time that a fund actually receives or makes payment of such income or expenses, generally are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. Similarly, on disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency and on disposition of certain futures contracts,

------

forward contracts and options, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition generally are also treated as ordinary gain or loss. Some of the funds have elected, or may elect, to treat this foreign currency income as capital gain or capital loss.

**Backup Withholding:** Each fund is required to withhold (as "backup withholding") a portion of reportable payments, including dividends, capital gain distributions, exempt-interest dividends and the proceeds of redemptions and exchanges or repurchases of fund shares (except for proceeds of redemptions of shares in Transamerica Government Money Market), paid to shareholders who have not complied with certain IRS regulations. The backup withholding rate is currently 24%. In order to avoid this withholding requirement, shareholders, other than certain exempt entities, must certify that the Social Security Number or other Taxpayer Identification Number they provide is correct and that they are not currently subject to backup withholding, or that they are exempt from backup withholding. A fund may nevertheless be required to backup withhold if it receives notice from the IRS or a broker that the number provided is incorrect or backup withholding is applicable as a result of previous underreporting of interest or dividend income.

**Cost Basis:** Each fund (other than Transamerica Government Money Market) will report to the IRS the amount of sale proceeds that a shareholder receives from a sale or exchange of fund shares. For sales or exchanges of shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012, each fund (other than Transamerica Government Money Market) will also report basis and acquisition date information in those shares and the character of any gain or loss that the shareholder realizes on the sale or exchange (i.e., short-term or long-term). If a shareholder has a different basis for different shares of a fund in the same account (e.g., if a shareholder purchased fund shares in the same account when the shares were at different prices), the fund or the shareholder's Service Agent (banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies, investment advisers, financial consultants or advisers, mutual fund supermarkets and other financial intermediaries that have entered into an agreement with the funds' distributor to sell shares of the applicable fund), as applicable, will calculate the basis of the shares sold using its default method unless the shareholder has properly elected to use a different method. The funds' default method for calculating basis will be the average cost method. A shareholder may elect, on an account-by-account basis, to use a method other than average cost by following procedures established by the fund or the shareholder's Service Agent, as applicable. For purposes of calculating and reporting basis, shares acquired prior to January 1, 2012 and shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012 will generally be treated as held in separate accounts. If a shareholder elects to use a different method of basis calculation, the application of that method will depend on whether shares in an account have already been sold or exchanged. For information regarding available methods for calculating cost basis and procedures for electing a method other than the average cost method, shareholders who hold their shares directly with a fund may call the fund at 1-888-233-4339 Monday through Friday during the hours of operation as posted on the funds' website at www.transamerica.com/contact-us. Shareholders who hold shares through a Service Agent should contact the Service Agent for information concerning the Service Agent's default method for calculating basis and procedures for electing to use an alternative method. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers concerning the tax consequences of applying the average cost method or electing another method of basis calculation.

**Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders:** Dividends from net investment income (other than, in general, exempt-interest dividends) that are paid to a shareholder who, as to the U.S., is a nonresident alien individual, a foreign corporation or a foreign estate or foreign trust (each, a "foreign shareholder") may be subject to a withholding tax at a rate of 30% or any lower applicable tax rate established in a treaty between the U.S. and the shareholder's country of residence. Dividends that are derived from "qualified net interest income" and dividends that are derived from "qualified short-term gain" may be exempt from the 30% withholding tax, provided that the distributing fund chooses to follow certain procedures. A fund may choose to not follow such procedures and there can be no assurance as to the amount, if any, of dividends that would not be subject to withholding. Qualified net interest income is a fund's net income derived from U.S.-source interest and original issue discount, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. Qualified short-term gain generally means the excess of the net short-term capital gain of a fund for the taxable year over its net long-term capital loss, if any. The withholding rules described in this paragraph do not apply to a dividend paid to a foreign shareholder if the dividend income is "effectively connected with the shareholder's conduct of a trade or business within the U.S." and the shareholder provides appropriate tax forms and documentation. Backup withholding (described above) will not be imposed on foreign shareholders who are subject to the 30% withholding tax described in this paragraph.

Unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold fund shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to fund distributions payable to such entities. Exempt-interest dividends may be exempt from this withholding tax. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

Foreign shareholders are subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a "United States real property interest" (a "USRPI"). Gain on such a disposition is sometimes referred to as "FIRPTA gain." The Code provides a look-through rule for distributions of "FIRPTA gain" if certain requirements are met. If the look-through rule applies, certain distributions attributable to income received by a fund, e.g., from REITs, may be treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing distributions to be subject to U.S. withholding tax, and requiring non-U.S. shareholders to file nonresident U.S. income tax returns.

The treatment of dividends and other distributions by a fund to shareholders under the various state income tax laws may not parallel that under U.S. federal income tax law. Qualification as a RIC does not involve supervision of a fund's management or of its investment policies and practices by any governmental authority.

Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situations, including any federal, state, local or foreign tax liabilities.

------

**Financial Statements**

Financial statements for the funds are not included in this SAI because the funds had not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.

------

**Appendix A – Proxy Voting Policies**

**Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC**

**Proxy Voting Policy**

**<u>1. Introduction</u>** 

<u>1.1: Rule References</u> 

Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC ("AUIM") hereby adopts this Proxy Voting Policy ("Policy") pursuant to Rules 206(4)-6 and 206(4)-7 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 to reasonably ensure that it votes proxies and other securities actions ("Proxies") in its Clients' best interests.

Specifically, Rule 206(4)-6 requires each registered investment adviser that exercises securities voting ("Proxy Voting") authority with respect to Client securities to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. Adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes Client securities in the Clients' best interests. Such policies and procedures must address the manner in which the adviser will resolve material conflicts of interest that can arise during the proxy voting process;

b. Disclose to Clients how they may obtain information from the adviser about how the adviser voted with respect to their securities; and

c. Describe to Clients the adviser's Proxy Voting Policy and Guidelines and, upon request, furnish a copy of the policies and procedures.

AUIM is a fiduciary that owes each of its clients a duty of care and loyalty with respect to all services undertaken on the client's behalf, including Proxy Voting. The duty of care generally requires AUIM to monitor corporate events and to vote Proxies, unless a Client has agreed otherwise. AUIM Employees who exercise Proxy Voting authority must do so in accordance with this Policy.

This Policy is also designed to comply with the books and records requirements prescribed in Rule 204-2(c)(2) and for clients that are governed by ERISA, regulation 404a-1(e)(2)(E).

<u>1.2: Policy Owner</u> 

AUIM's Chief Investment Officer ("CIO") or his designee is primarily responsible for administering and enforcing this Policy. The CIO may delegate performance of policy responsibilities to other Employees, including Asset Specialists, acting individually or collectively, for whom he shall retain supervision and oversight. The Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO") and/or his designees (collectively referred to as "Compliance" or the "Compliance team") shall provide policy administration, support, and monitoring.

Employees who exercise Proxy Voting authority must vote Client Securities in accordance with this Policy and in the Clients' best interests.

<u>1.3: Definitions</u>

Except as otherwise defined herein, for the purpose of this Policy, the following terms shall have the meaning ascribed below:

**Act:** The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and all regulations promulgated thereunder.

**Affiliate:** An entity that is controlled by, controls, or is under common control with AUIM.

**Asset Specialist(s):** AUIM Employees responsible for providing expertise and knowledge on a particular asset class or topic.

**Client:** (a) Any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, ("IC Act") for whom AUIM acts as investment adviser or sub-adviser, (b) any Separate Account, Private Fund, or collective investment trust fund where AUIM acts as investment adviser, or (c) investment arrangement where AUIM acts as investment adviser with discretion on the account or is engaged to provide non-discretionary advice.

**Conflict of Interest:** A condition or situation, or the appearance thereof, in which competing professional, personal, financial, or other interests of AUIM or its Employees are contrary to the interests of AUIM and/or its Clients.

**Employees:** AUIM managers, officers, Employees, access persons, and other individuals identified by Compliance.

**Equity Securities Voting Policy Guidelines:** AUIM roadmap for arriving at voting decisions on common or routine proxy matters.

**Private Fund**: As defined in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, a Private Fund is an issuer that would be an investment company as defined in section 3 of the IC Act but for sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the IC Act.

**Procedures:** Procedures, protocols and practices of AUIM or part thereof as AUIM's President, or his designees, may approve or sanction from time to time.

**Security:** The SEC defines the term "Security" broadly to include stocks, bonds, certificates of deposit, options, interests in private placements, futures contracts on other Securities, participations in profit-sharing agreements, and interests in oil, gas, or other mineral royalties or leases, among other things. "Security" is also defined to include any instrument commonly known as a Security. On the other hand, in most – but not necessarily all – instances, a promissory note is not considered to be a "Security." Any questions about whether an instrument is a Security for purposes of the federal Securities laws should be directed to the CCO.

------

**Separate Account:** A type of Client that is a separately managed investment account (i.e., a Client account that is not a pooled investment vehicle). Separate Accounts can include accounts of both third-party Clients and Clients that are Affiliates of AUIM.

**<u>2. KEY REQUIREMENTS</u>** 

**Key Requirement 1** 

AUIM's Chief Investment Officer ("CIO") or his designee is primarily responsible for administering and enforcing this Policy.

**Key Requirement 2** 

The Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO") and/or his designees (collectively referred to as "Compliance" or the "Compliance team") shall provide policy administration, support, and monitoring.

**Key Requirement 3** 

Employees who exercise Proxy Voting authority must vote Client Securities in accordance with this Policy and in the Clients' best interests.

**Key Requirement 4** 

AUIM may determine that it is in the Client's best interest to abstain from voting Proxies. Accordingly, where AUIM believes the cost of voting Proxies outweighs the benefits of doing so, it will generally abstain.

**Key Requirement 5** 

Where Client accounts are governed by ERISA, AUIM shall decide whether and how to exercise Proxy Voting authority pursuant to its fiduciary duties under ERISA unless the ERISA Plan documents (e.g., Plan, Trust, etc.) explicitly provide that AUIM is not to vote Proxies and/or another Plan fiduciary or the trustee retains Proxy Voting authority. When deciding whether and how to exercise Proxy Voting authority, and when exercising Proxy Voting authority, AUIM must act solely in accordance with the economic interest of the Client, consider material facts and costs involved, and (i) not subordinate the client's financial interest to any non-pecuniary objective, or (ii) promote non-pecuniary benefits or goals unrelated to a Client's financial interest.

**Key Requirement 6** 

AUIM shall take reasonable efforts to ensure that all accounts where it has Proxy Voting responsibility are properly established and maintained in order for it to carry out these responsibilities.

**Key Requirement 7** 

AUIM shall maintain Procedures reasonably designed to ensure that all applicable Proxies are received, considered, and votes cast in accordance with this Policy and/or related Guidelines.

**Key Requirement 8** 

The Asset Specialist, with assistance from the CCO and others as mandated, will consider whether AUIM is subject to any conflicts of interest in connection with a Proxy Vote.

**Key Requirement 9** 

AUIM, as advised by the Committee, will generally take one of the following steps to avoid any impropriety or the appearance of impropriety in any situation involving a conflict of interest:

a. Obtain a review from AUIM's General Counsel regarding determination of a conflict;

b. Obtain the guidance from the client(s) whose account(s) is/are involved in the conflict;

c. Vote Proxies in accordance with the recommendation of an Independent Third Party; or

d. Vote in strict accordance with its Guidelines.

**Key Requirement 10** 

AUIM shall not provide to any Client, information about AUIM's Proxy Voting activities for any other Client.

**Key Requirement 11** 

It is required by Rule 204-2 of the Investment Advisers Act that a copy of each proxy cast by AUIM on behalf of a Client and all documents prepared by AUIM that were material to making a decision on how to vote be maintained along with all proxy statements received, whether voted or not.

**<u>3. Proxy Voting General Principles</u>** 

Subject to some limited exceptions for ERISA Clients, AUIM recognizes and adheres to the principle that an important Client interest associated with owning a Security is exercising the right to vote in the election of the company's directors and on matters affecting the company's structure and operations. AUIM endeavours to vote Client Securities in the best interest of its Clients. In general, votes will be determined on a case-by-case basis, after taking into consideration all factors relevant to the issues presented. AUIM seeks to vote Proxies in a manner consistent with its fiduciary obligations and other contractual responsibilities.

------

**<u>4: Proxy Voting Responsibilities</u>** 

AUIM votes on behalf of all Client accounts for which it has the requisite discretionary authority except for situations in which (i) any Client notifies AUIM in writing that it has retained, and intends to exercise, the authority to vote its own Securities, or (ii) for ERISA clients, AUIM has determined, in accordance with its fiduciary duty and this Policy, that refraining from voting a Proxy is prudent or required under ERISA. Clients may also ask AUIM to vote their Securities in accordance with specific guidelines furnished by the Client, in which case AUIM will vote such Securities within the Client's guidelines unless contrary to applicable law.

AUIM primarily manages Client portfolios of debt Securities. For most fixed income Clients, the issues for which AUIM votes fixed income Securities generally involve amendments to loan documentation, borrower compliance with financial covenants, registration rights, prepayments, insolvency, and other distressed creditor situations. Because these and related fixed income issues are generally unique to each particular borrower and relevant fact situation, they do not lend themselves to broad characterization that can be addressed by standard Proxy Voting guidelines.

Routine proxy matters associated with equity Securities (including but not limited to electing board of directors, selecting auditors, shareholder rights, proxy contests, corporate governance matters, and executive and director compensation) are typically voted in accordance with its Equity Proxy Voting Guidelines ("Guidelines") (see Appendix A) as long as they are consistent with AUIM's fiduciary obligations (under the Advisers Act and ERISA, if applicable, given the specific facts and circumstances of each Proxy. These Guidelines are not designed to be exhaustive or to address non-routine matters that may be raised in Proxy ballots or other voting opportunities. To the extent relevant and appropriate, AUIM may consider these Guidelines when voting Client debt Securities.

**<u>5: INTERNAL CONTROLS</u>** 

<u>5.1: Proxy Voting Exception</u>

AUIM will use its best efforts to vote all Client Proxies. There may be instances (e.g., when Client Securities have been loaned) that at the time the vote is due circumstances exist that impact or prevent AUIM's ability to vote Client Proxies.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in some situations, AUIM may determine that it is in the Client's best interest to abstain from voting Proxies. Accordingly, AUIM will generally abstain where (i) it believes the cost of voting Proxies outweighs the benefits of doing so, and (ii) for ERISA Clients, it believes voting a Proxy would not be (a) in accordance with the economic interest of the Client, after consideration of all material facts and associated costs, or (b) required under ERISA pursuant to Section 5.3 herein. For example, AUIM will generally abstain from voting Proxies on international Securities where personal appearance is required, or where it does not have sufficient information to vote the Proxy, and the cost or administrative burden of obtaining such information is not commensurate with the reasonably foreseeable impact of the matter being voted upon in the Proxy.

<u>5.2: Use of an Independent Third Party</u> 

Because of the expertise of its staff with the issues upon which it votes Client debt Securities, AUIM will not generally seek the services of a qualified independent third party ("Independent Third Party") to provide guidance on such matters.

AUIM will generally research and cast Proxy Votes based on its own Policy and Guidelines. In instances deemed appropriate by the CIO, particularly when AUIM has a material Conflict of Interest, or when AUIM lacks sufficient knowledge or resources, it may engage an Independent Third Party to, among other things, provide Proxy research and/or to make recommendations. When AUIM considers the research or recommendations provided by an Independent Third Party, it retains all Proxy Voting responsibilities. For ERISA Clients, any Independent Third Party will only be engaged for assistance with Proxy Voting responsibilities to the extent AUIM has determined that such firm's Proxy Voting guidelines are consistent with AUIM's fiduciary duty obligations under ERISA.

<u>5.3: ERISA Accounts</u> 

Where Client accounts are governed by ERISA, AUIM shall decide whether and how to exercise voting rights pursuant to its fiduciary duties under ERISA (which includes, for example, an assessment as to whether the ERISA Plan documents (e.g., Plan, Trust, etc.) explicitly provide that AUIM is or is not authorized to vote Proxies.

When deciding whether and how to exercise Proxy Voting authority, and when exercising Proxy Voting authority, AUIM must:

• Act solely in accordance with the economic interest of Client;

• Consider any costs involved;

• Not subordinate the interests of the Client to any non-pecuniary objective, or promote non-pecuniary benefits or goals unrelated to those financial interests of the Client;

• Evaluate material facts that form the basis for any particular Proxy Voting authority or other exercise of shareholder rights;

• Maintain records on Proxy Voting activities and other exercises of shareholder rights; and

• Exercise prudence and diligence in the selection and monitoring of persons, if any, selected to advise or otherwise assist with exercises of shareholder rights, such as providing research and analysis, recommendations regarding Proxy votes, administrative services with voting proxies, and recordkeeping and reporting services.

------

To the extent of a conflict between the requirements set forth above and the Aegon AM Active Ownership Policy, the requirements above shall control.

<u>5.4: Securities Voting Committee</u>

The Securities Voting Committee ("Committee") consists of representatives from Investment Management, Credit Research, Compliance and Legal. The Committee meets at least annually, and has the following responsibilities:

• Review potential Material Conflicts and decide whether a material conflict is present, and needs to be addressed according to these policies and procedures.

• Review the Guidelines and make revisions as appropriate.

• Review these Policies and Procedures annually for accuracy and effectiveness, and recommend and adopt any necessary changes.

• Review all Guideline overrides.

• Review voting metrics.

<u>5.5: Operational Consideration</u>

AUIM shall take reasonable efforts to ensure that all accounts where it has Proxy Voting responsibility are properly established and maintained in order for it to carry out these responsibilities. Furthermore, AUIM shall maintain Procedures reasonably designed to ensure that all applicable Proxies are received, considered, and votes cast in accordance with this Policy and/or related Guidelines.

**<u>6: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST</u>**

In fulfilling its Proxy voting responsibilities, AUIM may face conflicts of interest. Conflicts include any position or interest, financial or otherwise, which causes a division in or impairs AUIM's independence or judgment concerning how to vote Proxies in the clients' best interests. A material conflict of interest may arise between the self-interest of the firm, an Employee, the Committee, and AUIM's clients.

The Asset Specialist, with assistance from the CCO and others as mandated, will consider whether AUIM is subject to any conflicts of interest in connection with a Proxy Vote. Employees must notify the CCO and the Committee if they are aware of any conflict of interest associated with a Proxy Vote. It is not possible to anticipate all conflicts of interest that could arise in connection with Proxy Voting. The following examples are meant to help Employees identify potential conflicts:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. AUIM or an affiliate has a financial interest in the outcome of a proxy vote, such as when AUIM is asked to vote on a change in Rule 12b-1 fees paid by a mutual fund to it or its affiliates;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. An issuer or some other third-party offers AUIM or an Employee compensation in exchange for voting a proxy in a particular way; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. An Employee, or a member of an Employee's household, has a personal or business relationship with an issuer and AUIM receives a proxy solicitation from that issuer.

AUIM recognizes the potential for conflicts that may arise between its own interests and those of its clients. To address these concerns, AUIM, as advised by the Committee, will generally take one of the following steps to avoid any impropriety or the appearance of impropriety in any situation involving a conflict of interest:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. Obtain a review from AUIM's General Counsel regarding determination of a conflict;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. Obtain the guidance from the client(s) whose account(s) is/are involved in the conflict;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. Vote Proxies in accordance with the recommendation of an Independent Third Party; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. Vote in strict accordance with its Guidelines

**<u>7: Proxy Voting Reports</u>** 

AUIM shall provide, upon Client request and at no cost:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. A description of its Proxy Voting Policy and Guidelines (either as part of Part 2B of AUIM's Form ADV or as a standalone document);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. A copy of this Policy; and/or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. Information regarding how AUIM voted Proxies on behalf of the Client.

AUIM shall not provide to any Client, information about AUIM's Proxy Voting activities for any other Client.

**<u>8: Proxy Voting Monitoring and Oversight</u>** 

Compliance may conduct periodic testing and/or surveillance of AUIM's Proxy Voting activities. Issues relating to such activities, at the Compliance team's discretion, may be escalated to the CIO, CCO, or the appropriate governance Committee.

------

**<u>9: GOVERNANCE</u>**

Any relevant issues that raise concerns against the scope of this or relevant local policies and any one of the monitoring criteria required by this policy will be reported to the relevant Compliance Officer and/or CRO and will require escalation to the appropriate risk committee(s). Any material concerns or high risk items should be escalated to the AAM GRCC.

**<u>10: Books and Records</u>** 

In accordance with Rule 204-2(c)(2), AUIM must retain:

a. Its Proxy Voting Policy and Guidelines;

b. Proxy statements received;

c. Records of Proxy votes;

d. Records of Client requests on how Client Proxies were voted; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e. All documents prepared by AUIM that were material to making a decision on how to vote (including decisions not to vote or to "abstain" from voting), or that memorialize the basis for Proxy Voting decisions (e.g., Committee meeting minutes).

All documents must be kept for no less than six years from the date of creation.

It is required by Rule 204-2 of the Investment Advisers Act that a copy of each proxy cast by AUIM on behalf of a Client be maintained along with all proxy statements received, whether voted or not.

Satisfying the recordkeeping requirements set forth above will satisfy the recordkeeping requirements associated with an ERSIA Client pursuant to ERISA regulation 404a-1(e)(2)(E) which requires AUIM to maintain records on Proxy Voting activities and other exercises of shareholder rights

**<u>11: Escalation; Prompt Corrective Action</u>**

Every Employee has an obligation to report any violations of AUIM's Compliance Policies, as outlined in the Escalation Policy. Employees should be aware of their responsibility to quickly identify and mitigate and/or escalate any potential Conflicts of Interest.

In addition, all Employees are subject to the AAM Operational Risk Policy, which sets out principles for recording, approving, reporting, and escalating errors and other risk events. Employees shall report any violation of this Policy to their Department Head and the CCO in addition to any additional reporting requirements outlined in other applicable policies.

**Appendix** 

**<u>A: Equity Securities Voting Policy Guidelines</u>**

The following is a concise summary of AUIM's Securities Voting Policy Guidelines.

**1. Auditors** 

**Vote FOR proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply:** 

• An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent,

• Fees for non-audit services are non-standard, or

• There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion that is neither accurate nor indicative of the company's financial position.

**2. Board of Directors** 

**Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections** 

• Votes on director nominees should be made on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, examining the following factors: independence of the board and key board committees, attendance at board meetings, corporate governance provisions and takeover activity, long-term company performance, responsiveness to shareholder proposals, any egregious board actions, and any non-standard non-audit fees or other potential auditor conflicts.

**Classification/Declassification of the Board** 

• Vote AGAINST proposals to classify the board.

• Vote FOR proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.

**Independent Chairman (Separate Chairman/CEO)** 

• Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis shareholder proposals requiring that the positions of chairman and CEO be held separately. Because some companies have governance structures in place that counterbalance a combined position, certain factors should be taken into account in determining whether the proposal warrants support. These factors include the presence of a lead director, board and committee independence, governance guidelines, company performance, and annual review by outside directors of CEO pay.

------

**Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Committees** 

• Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that a majority or more of directors be independent unless the board composition already meets the proposed threshold by AUIM's definition of independence.

• Vote FOR shareholder proposals asking that board audit, compensation, and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors if they currently do not meet that standard.

**3. Shareholder Rights** 

**Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent** 

• Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent.

• Vote FOR proposals to allow or make easier shareholder action by written consent.

**Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings** 

• Vote AGAINST proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings.

• Vote FOR proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholders to act independently of management.

**Supermajority Vote Requirements** 

• Vote AGAINST proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote.

• Vote FOR proposals to lower supermajority vote requirements.

**Cumulative Voting** 

• Vote AGAINST proposals to eliminate cumulative voting.

• Vote proposals to restore or permit cumulative voting on a CASE-BY-CASE basis relative to the company's other governance provisions.

**Confidential Voting** 

• Vote FOR shareholder proposals requesting that corporations adopt confidential voting, use independent vote tabulators and use independent inspectors of election, as long as the proposal includes a provision for proxy contests as follows: In the case of a contested election, management should be permitted to request that the dissident group honor its confidential Voting Policy. If the dissidents agree, the Policy remains in place. If the dissidents will not agree, the confidential Voting Policy is waived.

• Vote FOR management proposals to adopt confidential voting.

**4. Proxy Contests** 

• Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections

• Votes in a contested election of directors must be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, considering the factors that include the long-term financial performance, management's track record, qualifications of director nominees (both slates), and an evaluation of what each side is offering shareholders.

**5. Poison Pills** 

• Vote FOR shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification. Review on a CASE-BY-CASE basis shareholder proposals to redeem a company's poison pill and management proposals to ratify a poison pill.

**6. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings** 

• Vote CASE-BY-CASE on mergers and corporate restructurings based on such features as the fairness opinion, pricing, strategic rationale, and the negotiating process.

**7. Reincorporation Proposals** 

• Proposals to change a company's state of incorporation should be evaluated on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns, including the reasons for reincorporating, a comparison of the governance provisions, and a comparison of the jurisdictional laws. Vote FOR reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance changes.

**8. Capital Structure** 

**Common Stock Authorization** 

• Votes on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance are determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

• Vote on proposals at companies with dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of stock that has superior voting rights on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Vote on proposals to approve increases beyond the allowable increase when a company's shares are in danger of being delisted or if a company's ability to continue to operate as a going concern is uncertain on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

**Dual-class Stock** 

• Vote on proposals to create a new class of common stock with superior voting rights on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

• Vote on proposals to create a new class of nonvoting or sub-voting common stock on a CASE-BY-CASE basis, reviewing in particular if:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• It is intended for financing purposes with minimal or no dilution to current shareholders

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• It is not designed to preserve the voting power of an insider or significant shareholder

**9. Executive and Director Compensation** 

• Votes with respect to compensation plans should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis. AUIM reviews Executive and Director compensation plans (including broad-based option plans) in the context of the transfer of shareholder wealth. This review encompasses not only a comparison of a plan relative to peer companies, but also on an absolute basis, considering the cost of the plan vs. the operating income and overall profitability of the firm in question.

• Vote AGAINST equity plans that explicitly permit repricing or where the company has a history of repricing without shareholder approval.

**Management Proposals Seeking Approval to Reprice Options** 

• Vote AGAINST proposals by management seeking approval to reprice options.

**Employee Stock Purchase Plans** 

• Votes on employee stock purchase plans should be determined on a CASE-BY-CASE basis.

• Vote FOR employee stock purchase plans where all of the following apply:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Purchase price is at least 85 percent of fair market value

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Offering period is 27 months or less, and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Potential voting power dilution (VPD) is ten percent or less.

• Vote AGAINST employee stock purchase plans where any of the opposite conditions apply.

**Shareholder Proposals on Compensation** 

• Vote on a CASE-BY-CASE basis for all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account company performance, pay level versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long term corporate outlook.

**10. Social and Environmental Issues** 

• These issues cover a wide range of topics, including consumer and public safety, environment and energy, general corporate issues, labor standards and human rights, military business, and workplace diversity.

• In general, vote CASE-BY-CASE. While a wide variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principal guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal will enhance the economic value of the company.

------

**Calamos Advisors LLC** 

**Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures for Sustainable Investment Strategies** 

**Amended: October 31, 2022**

**Introduction**

Calamos Advisors LLC ("CAL")<sup>1</sup> has adopted these proxy voting policies and procedures<sup>2</sup> for its Sustainable Investment strategies, including the Funds listed in Appendix B. They are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. CAL recognizes the importance of maximizing and protecting the interests of its clients through its voting practices and seeks to help promote strong corporate governance within the companies in which its clients invest.

This Proxy voting policy considers all stakeholders, including the environment, society at large, local communities, and employees. Furthermore, the proxy policy is oriented to reflect long-term impact. CAL will vote its proxies in an effort to mitigate negative environmental and societal impact and encourage positive environmental and social behavior, which CAL believes is beneficial to all stakeholders.

Voting proxies on behalf of our clients is established by CAL advisory contracts or comparable documents, and our proxy voting guidelines have been tailored to reflect these specific contractual obligations.

**GENERAL PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES**

CAL's ESG proxy voting positions have been developed based on its years of experience with proxy voting. CAL seeks to influence certain ESG initiatives on a long-term and ongoing basis. These principles have been reviewed by various members of CAL's organization, including Portfolio Management, Legal, Compliance, and CAL's' officers. The Board of Trustees of the Calamos Funds is asked to approve the proxy voting policies and procedures annually.

Please see Appendix A for Calamos ESG Custom Proxy Voting Policy.

While CAL has adopted the guidelines described in Appendix A, CAL may deviate from its guidelines when it determines that the particular facts and circumstances warrant such deviation to protect the interests of the Advisory Clients (as defined below). Each proxy and proposal will be considered based on the relevant facts and circumstances. The guidelines in Appendix A cannot provide an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise nor can CAL anticipate all future situations. ESG concerns are diverse and continually evolving and CAL devotes significant time and resources to monitor these changes.

**RESPONSIBILITY OF CAL TO VOTE PROXIES**

CAL has assigned its administrative duties with respect to the proxy analysis and voting decisions to the "Proxy Group" (the Investment team – research analysts and portfolio management), and the processing to its Corporate Actions Group ("Corporate Actions") within the Operations Department.

CAL utilizes two vendors which provide distinct services relevant to CAL's' proxy duties. CAL subscribes to a supplementary, unaffiliated, third-party corporate proxy research service, Glass Lewis, which provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas and vote recommendations. Glass Lewis facilitates the voting decision of each proxy in accordance with CAL's' ESG proxy voting policy ("ESG Custom Proxy Voting Policy")<sup>3</sup> as described in Appendix A. Said differently, Glass Lewis analyzes the ballot item and recommends a vote for the ballot item based on the ESG Custom Voting Policy.

CAL will generally follow its ESG Custom Voting Policy unless the Proxy Group and/or the Proxy Review Committee<sup>4</sup> determines that the client's interests are best served by voting otherwise or unless otherwise directed by the client.

CAL also utilizes two systems owned by Broadridge to monitor and manage the processes associated with proxies: Proxy Edge and Proxy Disclosure. Proxy Edge receives the voting decisions from Glass Lewis which it uses to vote the ballots for CAL shares. Proxy Edge provides the record keeping, voting, account administration and reporting for CAL. Proxy Edge feeds meetings, agenda items and related votes by account to Proxy Disclosure which facilitates additional reporting as well as the annual N-PX filing for the Calamos Funds.

Proxy Edge presents the ballot recommendation from Glass Lewis based on how Glass Lewis has mapped Calamos' ESG Custom Voting Policy. Any ballot requiring a vote under the ESG Custom Voting Policy will be manually mapped to the current ESG custom voting policy by Corporate Actions and presented to Portfolio Management for confirmation/direction. CAL will not have Proxy Edge systematically vote any ballots under the ESG Custom Voting Policy until the review process is complete and Corporate Actions is confident that ballots are being voted as Portfolio Management intended. A ballot is voted based on the shares on holding reconciliation date (record date) or as soon as Glass Lewis has presented the Calamos ESG Custom Voting Policy mappings to the ballot after that date. CAL performs a reconciliation versus shares held at the custodian when the ballot is received by Proxy Edge. The shares from the custodian are continually updated until record date on Proxy Edge based on account trade activity.

Any ballot that includes any "case by case" items means that these items must be presented to Portfolio Management for direction. Our ESG Custom Voting Policy has no standard recommendation. Any manual ballot items will be presented to Portfolio Management along with the written guidance and other relevant information produced by Glass Lewis to assist with the Portfolio Management's analysis. The Portfolio

------

Management team will apply its own research and views to inform the proxy decisions it makes. Based on the instruction provided by Portfolio Management, the Corporate Actions Group will process the CAL votes on Proxy Edge which will then vote each client proxy accordingly (unless otherwise directed by a client).

Proxies are voted solely in the best interests of CAL clients, namely in-scope Funds, separate account clients, and where employee benefit plan assets are involved, in the interests of the plan participants and beneficiaries (collectively, "Advisory Clients") that have properly delegated such responsibility to CAL.

Corporate Actions is responsible for maintaining oversight of all facets of the proxy process as described above and including:

• overseeing account administration on both Broadridge systems, Proxy Edge and Proxy Disclosure;

• identifying potential conflicts of interest and reporting them to the Proxy Review Committee;

• consulting with Proxy Group for the relevant portfolio security (and the Proxy Review Committee if necessary);

• monitoring proxies to ensure Glass Lewis applies Calamos' ESG Custom Voting Policy to the ballot on a timely basis;

• ensuring proxies that do not vote systematically are voted as directed by Portfolio Management as needed;

• ensuring the voting process is timely;

• validating meetings by Fund in Proxy Disclosure and reconciling to Proxy Edge data;

• facilitating a timely filing of the Funds' annual N-PX through Proxy Disclosure; and

• maintaining proxy voting records.

**lIMITATIONS RELATING TO PROXY VOTING**

**Securities of Foreign Issuers**. In certain foreign jurisdictions, the voting of proxies on portfolio securities may result in additional restrictions that may have an economic impact or cost to the security holder. We believe that in some instances the best interest of our clients is served by abstaining or not voting such proxies. Examples of issues unique to foreign securities include, but are not limited to, the following

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) **Share Blocking.** In certain non-U.S. jurisdictions, a security holder that votes a proxy is prohibited from selling the security until the meeting for which the proxy has been voted is completed. This period of time may range from days to weeks. Since this blocking of sales prevents the sale of a security regardless of market conditions and developments, we believe it increases risk. Therefore, it often may be in the best interests of our investors not to vote such proxies. Whether we vote such proxies will be determined on a case-by-case basis.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) **Lack of Notice or Information.** Foreign regulations do not standardize the notification period for a proxy vote. In some instances, the notice period is so short that we cannot research the issues presented. In instances where we have insufficient notice to permit us to cast a reasoned vote, we will abstain from voting on particular issues or not vote at all.

**additional information provided by issuer before voting deadline**

Glass Lewis has the ability to alert CAL of any updates that were made to its analysis document for each meeting based on issuer feedback. CAL must indicate its' interest in the issuer meeting for Glass Lewis to know to alert CAL of the new information. CAL indication of this interest is a manual process handled by CAL accessing the original analysis document. Corporate Actions has created a process to help ensure CAL interest in certain meetings is properly communicated to Glass Lewis.

**conflicts of interest**

Directors and employees of CAL including the Proxy Group should be sensitive to the possibility that their interests may conflict with the interests of Advisory Clients.

**Identification of Conflicts of Interest.** Conflicts of interest can arise in situations where:

• The issuer is a client of CAL or its affiliates;

• The issuer is a vendor whose products or services are material or significant to the business of CAL or its affiliates;

• The issuer is an entity participating, or which may participate, in the distribution of investment products<sup>5</sup> advised, administered or sponsored by CAL or its affiliates;

• An employee of CAL or its affiliates also serves as a director or officer of the issuer (it should be noted, CAL does not generally allow its employees to serve on the board of a public company);

• A director of Calamos Asset Management, Inc. or a Trustee of a Calamos Fund, also serves as an officer or director of the issuer; or

• The issuer is a CAL proprietary product (e.g. a Calamos closed-end fund).

• Rule 12d1-4 conflicts – a Calamos Fund and its affiliates must vote their respective securities in a non-Calamos "Acquired" Fund in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such securities under certain circumstances.<sup>6</sup>

------

Even while a proxy may involve an entity with which a relationship exists, generally the matters put to vote do not cause a material conflict of interest between CAL and the client.

Potential conflicts of interest are identified based upon analyses of client, broker and vendor lists, information periodically gathered from directors and officers, and information derived from other sources, including public filings relative to the matters for which the Company is seeking shareholder approval.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**B. Resolution of Conflicts of Interest.** CAL will generally apply its ESG Custom Voting Policy to proxy matters regardless if a conflict has been identified. However, in these situations, the Proxy Group will refer the matter, along with the recommended course of action by CAL (based on its ESG Custom Voting Policy), if any, to Legal and Compliance for evaluation. Once Legal independently reviews the proxies, they will instruct Corporate Actions of the appropriate action to be taken which in limited circumstances includes sending the proxy directly to the relevant Advisory Clients with a recommendation regarding the vote for approval. To the extent the shares have been systematically voted, Corporate Actions will manually change the vote within Proxy Edge, if so warranted.

**RECORDS OF CORPORATE ACTIONS**

Corporate Actions with Legal will prepare a Conflicts Report for each situation where a conflict of interest is identified. The Conflict Report (1) describes any conflict of interest; (2) discusses the procedures used to address such conflict of interest; and (3) discloses any contacts from parties outside CAL (other than routine communications from proxy solicitors) with respect to the proposal not otherwise reported. The Conflicts Report will also include written confirmation that any recommendation provided was made solely on the investment merits and without regard to any other consideration.

**Record Retention and Disclosure** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**B. Disclosure.** The Adviser shall be responsible for appropriately disclosing proxy voting information, including these policies and procedures, the voting guidelines and the voting records of the Funds or clients as may be required by applicable law. Corporate Actions, in conjunction with the Legal department will file all required SEC Forms N-PX on a timely basis with respect to investment company clients, disclose that its proxy voting record is available on the web site, will make available the information disclosed in its Form N-PX as soon as is reasonable practicable after filing Form N-PX with the SEC, and will, upon request, furnish a copy of the proxy policies and procedures to the requesting client. Corporate Actions, in conjunction with the Legal department will ensure that all required disclosure about proxy voting of the investment company clients is made in such clients' financial statements and disclosure documents.

**Reports to the Funds' Boards and Non-Investment Company Clients of CAL** 

Corporate Actions shall provide proxy information to each Board of Trustees of the Funds as such Board may request from time to time.

For non-investment company clients of CAL, Corporate Actions shall appropriately respond in writing to all written client requests for information on how it voted on behalf of the client. Such written request along with the written response shall be maintained in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal year, with the first two years in an appropriate office of CAL.

1 See Appendix B for a complete list of covered entities.

2 Calamos Advisors LLC as sub-adviser will vote the proxies of clients of Calamos Wealth Management LLC except when such proxies relate to the Calamos mutual funds. In this case, the proxy will be mailed to the client.

3 It should be noted there is a separate proxy policy along with custom voting policy for the non-ESG strategies.

4 The Proxy Review Committee is comprised of representatives from Portfolio Management (which may include portfolio managers and/or research analysts employed by Calamos), Operations, and advisory, non-voting members from the Legal and Compliance Departments

5 e.g., a broker, dealer, investment adviser, or bank.

6 To the extent a Calamos Fund and its affiliates in the aggregate hold more than 25% of outstanding voting securities of a non-Calamos Acquired fund that is a registered open-end fund or unit investment trust as a result of a decrease in the outstanding voting securities of the non-Calamos fund or the Calamos Fund and its affiliates in the aggregate hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of a non-Calamos Closed-end fund or business development company, the Calamos Fund and its affiliates must mirror or echo vote (i.e., vote their respective securities in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such securities; provided, however, that in circumstances where all holders of the outstanding voting securities of the Acquired Fund are required to mirror or echo vote, the Calamos Fund and its affiliates will seek instructions from shareholders with regard to the voting of all proxies with respect to such Acquired Fund and vote such proxies only in accordance with such instructions. See also Procedures for Compliance with Section 12(d)(1), Related Rules and Exemptive Orders.

------

**Appendix A – Sustainable Investment Strategies Proxy Voting Guidelines** <br>

**Appendix B – In-Scope Entities** <br>

This policy pertains to the entities listed in the following tables.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Companies** | **Description** |
| Calamos Advisors LLC  | U.S. Investment Adviser  |
| Calamos Wealth Management LLC  | U.S. Investment Adviser  |
| CGAM LLC  | U.S. Investment Adviser |

---

*Table 1 - List of In-Scope Companies*

Funds for U.S. Investors

---

| |
|:---|
| **Open-End Fund Name** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Investment Trust – *only* <br> *Calamos Global Sustainable Equities* <br> *Fund* <br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Antetokounmpo Sustainable <br> Equities Trust<br>|

---

*Table 2 - List of In-Scope U.S. Funds*

**Revision Date**

**Date**

**Adopted: December 14, 2021**

**Amended: October 31, 2022**

*Table 2 – List of Revision Dates for Policy*

------

**Transamerica Asset Management, Inc.**

**Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures** 

**1. Background** 

Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended ("Advisers Act") requires advisers to adopt and implement policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that the adviser votes proxies in the best interest of its clients. These policies and procedures must be in writing and must describe how the adviser addresses material conflicts between its interests and those of its clients with respect to proxy voting.

Rule 206(4)-6 also requires each investment adviser to (1) disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser about how it voted with respect to their respective securities; and (2) describe to clients its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy of the policies and procedures to the requesting client.

Accordingly, Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM") has adopted and implements written procedures designed to enable it to identify, address and monitor potential conflicts of interest.

**2. Policy** 

TAM recognizes that proxy voting is an important component of investment management and must be performed in a dutiful and purposeful fashion in order to secure the best long-term interests of the advisory clients of TAM. TAM's proxy voting policies and procedures are designed to implement TAM's duty to vote proxies in clients' best interests.

**3. Sub-Advised Registered Investment Companies** 

TAM has delegated the responsibility to exercise voting authority with respect to securities held in the portfolios of the registered investment companies for which one or more sub-advisers TAM has been retained as sub-adviser(s) for each such portfolio. The proxy voting policies and procedures of the respective sub-advisers are used to determine how to vote proxies relating to securities held by the remainder of the funds and portfolio.

**4. Asset Allocation Registered Investment Companies** 

TAM exercises voting discretion for the Horizon Asset Allocation Funds and Transamerica 60/40 Allocation VP of Transamerica Series Trust as well as for the Transamerica Asset Allocation Variable Funds ("Asset Allocation Funds"), or if specifically designated to TAM by its sub-advisory agreement.

TAM manages portfolios for Transamerica Funds, Transamerica Series Trust, Transamerica Exchange Traded Funds and Transamerica Asset Allocation Funds (collectively, the "Funds"). TAM may invest an Asset Allocation Fund in shares of the Funds. If a Fund solicits a proxy for which an Asset Allocation Fund is entitled to vote, TAM's interests as manager of the Fund might appear to conflict with the interests of the shareholders of the Asset Allocation Fund. In these cases, TAM's proxy voting policy and procedures address material conflicts of interest that may arise between TAM, and/ or its affiliates and the funds by either: (i) providing for voting in accordance with the recommendation of an independent third party or the Board; (ii) voting shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of a fund's shares; or (iii) obtaining the consent of the Board (or a Board Committee) with full disclosure of the conflict.

**Revision History**

Date: 4/30/2020 - Updated to reflect new format, standalone from fund policy and current processes

Date: 11/17/2020 - Updated to reflect provisions in TAM sub-advisory agreements with respect to proxy voting

**Transamerica Funds**

**Transamerica Series Trust**

**Transamerica Asset Allocation Variable Funds**

**PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES**

**I. Statement of Principle**

Proxy voting is an important component of investment management and must be performed in a dutiful and purposeful fashion to secure the long-term interests of the shareholders of the Transamerica Funds, Transamerica Series Trust and Transamerica Asset Allocation Variable Funds (collectively, the "Funds"). The Funds seek to assure that proxies received by the Funds are voted in the best interests of the Funds' shareholders and have accordingly adopted these procedures.

**II. Delegation of Proxy Voting/Adoption of Adviser and Sub-Adviser Policies**

Each Fund delegates the authority to vote proxies related to portfolio securities to Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. (the "Manager"), as investment adviser to each Fund, which in turn delegates proxy voting authority for most portfolios of the Funds to the Sub-Adviser retained to provide day-to-day portfolio management for that portfolio. For each Fund, the Manager and/or the Sub-Adviser make voting decisions pursuant to their own proxy voting policies and procedures, which have been adopted by the applicable Fund and approved by the applicable Fund's Board of Trustees.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**III.** Proxy Voting Requirements Under Rule 12d1-4 (Fund of Funds)

Any Fund that participates in fund of funds arrangements as either Acquiring Fund or Acquired Fund in reliance on Rule 12d1-4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 may have additional proxy voting requirements. The concept of an Advisory Group also comes into play and means either: (i) the Acquiring Fund's Manager, and any person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such Manager, or (ii) the Acquiring Fund's Sub-Adviser and any person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such Sub-Adviser.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. Voting Requirements. An Acquiring Fund and its Advisory Group are required to use mirror voting when the Acquiring Fund and its Advisory Group, beneficially own, individually or in the aggregate, more than:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) 25% of the outstanding voting securities of an Acquired Fund that is an open-end fund or unit investment trust (*i.e.,* as a result of a decrease in the outstanding voting securities of the Acquired Fund and not as a result of a prohibited acquisition of voting securities of the Acquired Fund); or

(b) 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an Acquired Fund that is a closed-end fund or BDC.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Pass Through Voting Requirement. In circumstances where all holders of the outstanding voting securities of the Acquired Fund are required by Rule 12d1-4 or otherwise under Section 12(d)(1) to use mirror voting (*e.g.,* Section 12(d)(1)(E)), the Acquiring Fund will seek instructions from its security holders with regard to the voting of all proxies with respect to such Acquired Fund securities and vote such proxies only in accordance with such instructions (*i.e.,* pass through voting).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Exceptions to Voting Requirements. The requirements outlined in Sections III.1 and III.2 above do not apply where:

(a) An Acquiring Fund and an Acquired Fund are both within the Transamerica Funds Complex; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The Acquiring Fund's Sub-Adviser, or any person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with that Sub-Adviser, acts as the Acquired Fund's investment adviser.

**IV. Securities on Loan**

The Boards of Trustees/Directors of the Funds have authorized the Manager, in conjunction with State Street Bank and Trust Company ("State Street"), to lend portfolio securities on behalf of the Funds. Securities on loan generally are voted by the borrower of such securities. Should a Sub- Adviser to the Fund wish to exercise its vote for a particular proxy, the Manager will promptly contact State Street and terminate the loan.

**V. Conflicts of Interest** 

The Board of Trustees/Directors seeks to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of Fund shareholders. For certain proxy proposals, the Manager's interests, the interests of the Sub-Adviser and/or their affiliates may differ from Fund shareholders' interests. To avoid the appearance of impropriety and to fulfill their fiduciary responsibility to shareholders in these circumstances, the Manager and the Sub-Advisers are required to establish procedures that are reasonably designed to address material conflicts between their interests and those of the Funds.

When a Sub-Adviser deems that it is conflicted with respect to a voting matter, its policy may call for it to seek voting instructions from the client. The Manager is authorized by the Board of Trustees/Directors to consider any such matters and provide voting instructions to the Sub-Adviser, unless the Manager has determined that its interests are conflicted with Fund shareholders with respect to the voting matter. In those instances, the Manager will instruct the Sub-Adviser to vote in accordance with the recommendation of a third-party proxy voting advisory service.

If a material conflict arises between the Manager or its affiliates and the Funds, in every case where the Manager exercises voting discretion, the Manager will (i) vote in accordance with the recommendation of a third-party (such as Glass Lewis) or Board(s); (ii) vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of the Fund's shares; or (iii) obtain the consent of the Board (or a Board Committee) with full disclosure of the conflict.

If the methods for addressing conflicts of interest, as described above, are deemed by the Manager to be unreasonable due to cost, timing or other factors, then the Manager may decline to vote in those instances.

**VI. Recordkeeping**

The Manager and the Sub-Advisers shall maintain records of all votes cast on behalf of the Funds. Such documentation will include the firm's proxy voting policies and procedures, company reports provided by proxy voting advisory services, additional information gathered by the Manager or the Sub-Adviser that was material to reaching a voting decision, and communications to the Manager regarding any identified conflicts. The Manager and the Sub-Advisers shall maintain voting records in a manner to facilitate the Funds' production of the Form N-PX filing on an annual basis.

All books and records required to be maintained under this Section V will be maintained in an easily accessible place for a period of not less than five years from the end of the fiscal years during which the last entry was made on the record, the first two years in an appropriate location.

**VII. Disclosure**

------

The Manager will coordinate the compilation of the Funds' proxy voting record for each year ended June 30 and file the required information with the SEC via Form N-PX by August 31. The Manager will include a copy of or a summary of this policy and the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Manager and the Sub-Advisers, as applicable, in each Fund's Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"). In each Fund's annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, the Manager will disclose that a description of this policy and the proxy voting policies and procedures of the Manager and the Sub-Advisers, as applicable, is (a) available upon request, without charge, by toll-free telephone request, (b) on the Funds' website (if applicable), and (c) on the SEC's website in the SAI. The SAI and shareholder reports will also disclose that the Funds' proxy voting record is available by toll-free telephone request (or on the Funds' website, if applicable) and on the SEC's website by way of the Form N-PX. Within three business days of receiving a request, the Manager will send a copy of the policy description or voting record by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.

**VIII. Manager Oversight**

The Manager shall review a Sub-Adviser's proxy voting policies and procedures for compliance with this Policy and applicable laws and regulations prior to initial delegation of proxy voting authority. The Manager will request each Sub-Adviser to provide a current copy of its Proxy Voting Policy, or certify that there have been no material changes to its Proxy Voting Policy or that all material changes have been previously provided for review, and verify that such Proxy Voting Policy is consistent with those of the Funds and Adviser.

Revised: July 2015, March 2020, January 2022, April 2022

------

**Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.** 

**Proxy Voting Policy** 

Date Approved: 02/14/2022

**Introduction**

Westfield will offer to vote proxies for all client accounts. Westfield believes that the voting of proxies can be an important tool for investors to promote best practices in corporate governance. Therefore, Westfield seeks to vote all proxies in the best interest of our clients which includes ERISA plan participants and beneficiaries, as applicable. Westfield also recognizes that the voting of proxies with respect to securities held in client accounts is an investment responsibility having economic value. Based on this, Westfield votes all ballots received for client accounts and covers all costs associated with voting proxy ballots.

In accordance with Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Act"), Westfield has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of our clients. Westfield's authority to vote proxies for our clients is established in writing, usually by the investment advisory contract. Clients can change such authority at any time with prior written notice to Westfield. Clients can also contact their Marketing representative or the Operations Department (wcmops@wcmgmt.com) for a report of how their accounts' securities were voted.

**Oversight of Proxy Voting Function**

Westfield has engaged a third-party service provider, Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. (the "vendor"), to assist with proxy voting. Westfield's Operations Proxy team (the "Proxy team") will:

• oversee the vendor; this includes performing annual audits of the proxy votes and conducting annual due diligence;

• ensure required proxy records are retained according to applicable rules and regulations and internal policy;

• distribute proxy reports prepared by the vendor for internal and external requests;

• review the proxy policy and voting guidelines at least annually; and

• identify material conflicts of interest that may impair Westfield's ability to vote shares in our clients' best interest.

**Proxy Voting Guidelines**

Westfield utilizes the vendor's proxy voting guidelines, which consider market-specific best practices, transparency, and disclosure when addressing shareholder matters. Westfield does not select a client's voting policy. Clients must choose the policy that best fits their requirements. Clients may choose to vote in accordance with the vendor's U.S. proxy voting guidelines (i.e., Standard Guidelines), Taft-Hartley guidelines which are in full conformity with the AFL-CIO's proxy voting guidelines, Socially Responsible Investing Guidelines ("SRI") or Sustainability Guidelines. A summary of ISS' voting guidelines is located at the end of this policy.

The vendor reviews the above listed policies annually to ensure they are still considering market-specific best practices, transparency, and disclosure when addressing shareholder matters. Westfield reviews these changes annually to ensure they are in our clients' best interests.

Generally, information on Westfield's proxy voting decisions or status of votes will not be communicated or distributed to external solicitors. On occasion, Westfield may provide such information to solicitors if we believe a response will benefit our clients or a response is requested from the Westfield security analyst or portfolio manager.

**Proxy Voting Process**

The vendor tracks proxy meetings and reconciles proxy ballots received for each meeting. Westfield will use best efforts in obtaining any missing ballots; however, we vote only those proxy ballots the vendor has received. For any missing ballots, the vendor and/or Westfield will contact custodians to locate such missing ballots. Since there can be many factors affecting proxy ballot retrieval, it is possible that Westfield will not receive a ballot in time to place a vote. Clients who participate in securities lending programs should be aware that Westfield will not call back any shares on loan for proxy voting purposes. However, Westfield could request a client call back shares if we determine there is the potential for a material benefit in doing so.

For each meeting, the vendor reviews the agenda and applies a vote recommendation for each proposal based on the written guidelines assigned to the applicable accounts. Proxies will be voted in accordance with the guidelines, unless the Westfield analyst or portfolio manager believes that following the vendor's guidelines would not be in the clients' best interests.

With limited exceptions, an analyst or portfolio manager may request to override the Standard or the Sustainability Guidelines at any time on or before the meeting cutoff date. In addition, certain proxy ballots (e.g., contentious proposals) may necessitate further review from the analyst or portfolio manager. The Proxy team will attempt to identify such ballots and bring them to the analyst's or portfolio manager's attention. If the analyst or portfolio manager chooses to vote against the vendor's stated guidelines in any instance, he/she must make the request in writing and provide a rationale for the vote against the stated guidelines. No analyst or portfolio manager overrides are permitted in the Taft-Hartley and SRI guidelines.

------

**Conflicts of Interest**

Compliance and the Proxy team are responsible for identifying conflicts of interest that could arise when voting proxy ballots on behalf of Westfield's clients. Per Westfield's Code of Ethics and other internal policies, all employees should avoid situations where potential conflicts may exist. Westfield has put in place certain reviews to ensure proxies are voted solely on the investment merits of the proposal. In identifying potential conflicts, Compliance will review many factors, including, but not limited to existing relationships with Westfield or an employee, and the vendor's disclosed conflicts. If an actual conflict of interest is identified, it is reviewed by the Compliance and/or the Proxy teams. If it is determined that the conflict is material in nature, the analyst or portfolio manager may not override the vendor's recommendation. Westfield's material conflicts are coded within the vendor's system. These meetings are flagged within the system to ensure Westfield does not override the vendor's recommendations.

Annually, Westfield will review ISS' policies regarding their disclosure of their significant relationships to determine if there are conflicts that would impact Westfield. Westfield will also review their Code of Ethics which specifically identifies their actual or potential conflicts. During the annual due diligence visit Westfield ensures that ISS still has firewalls in place to separate the staff that performs proxy analyses and research from the members of ISS Corporate Solutions, Inc.

**Proxy Reports**

Westfield can provide account specific proxy reports to clients upon request or at scheduled time periods (e.g., quarterly). Client reporting requirements typically are established during the initial account set-up stage, but clients may modify this reporting schedule at any time with prior written notice to Westfield. The reports will contain at least the following information:

• company name

• meeting agenda

• how the account voted on each agenda item

• how management recommended the vote to be cast on each agenda item rationale for any votes against the established guidelines (rationale is not always provided for votes that are in-line with guidelines since these are set forth in the written guidelines)

**Recordkeeping**

In accordance with Rule 204-2 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, proxy voting records will be maintained for at least five years. The following records will be retained by either Westfield or the proxy vendor:

• a copy of the Proxy Voting Polices and Guidelines and amendments that were in effect during the required time period;

• electronic or paper copies of each proxy statement received by Westfield or the vendor with respect to securities in client accounts (Westfield may also rely on obtaining copies of proxy statements from the SEC's Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) system);

• records of each vote cast for each client;

• written reports to clients on proxy voting and all client requests for information and Westfield's response;

• disclosure documentation to clients on how they may obtain information on how Westfield voted their securities.

------

**Concise Proxy Voting Guidelines** <br>**Benchmark Policy Recommendations**

**Effective for Meetings on or after February 1, 2022** <br>**Published December 14, 2021**

**The policies contained herein are a s ampling only of selected key ISS U.S. proxy voting guidelines, and are not intended to be exhaustive. The complete guidelines can be found at:** https://www.issgovernance.com/policy-gateway/voting-policies/

**Board of Directors**

**Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections**

**General Recommendation:** Generally vote for director nominees, except under the following circumstances (with new nominees<sup>1</sup> considered on case-by-case basis):

*Independence*

Vote against<sup>2</sup> or withhold from non-independent directors (Executive Directors and Non-Independent Non- Executive Directors per ISS' Classification of Directors) when:

• Independent directors comprise 50 percent or less of the board;

• The non-independent director serves on the audit, compensation, or nominating committee;

• The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board functions as that committee; or

• The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the board attests that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee.

*Composition*

**Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings:** Generally vote against or withhold from directors (except nominees who served only part of the fiscal year<sup>3</sup>) who attend less than 75 percent of the aggregate of their board and committee meetings for the period for which they served, unless an acceptable reason for absences is disclosed in the proxy or another SEC filing. Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:

• Medical issues/illness;

• Family emergencies; and

• Missing only one meeting (when the total of all meetings is three or fewer).

In cases of chronic poor attendance without reasonable justification, in addition to voting against the director(s) with poor attendance, generally vote against or withhold from appropriate members of the nominating/governance committees or the full board.

If the proxy disclosure is unclear and insufficient to determine whether a director attended at least 75 percent of the aggregate of his/her board and committee meetings during his/her period of service, vote against or withhold from the director(s) in question.

<sup>1</sup> A "new nominee" is a director who is being presented for election by shareholders for the first time. Recommendations on new nominees who have served for less than one year are made on a case-by-case basis depending on the timing of their appointment and the problematic governance issue in question.

2 In general, companies with a plurality vote standard use "Withhold" as the contrary vote option in director elections; companies with a majority vote standard use "Against". However, it will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid contrary vote option for the particular company.

3 Nominees who served for only part of the fiscal year are generally exempted from the attendance policy.

**Overboarded Directors:** Generally vote against or withhold from individual directors who:

• Sit on more than five public company boards; or

• Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own— withhold only at their outside boards<sup>4</sup>.

**Gender Diversity:** For companies in the Russell 3000 or S&P 1500 indices, generally vote against or withhold from the chair of the nominating committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) at companies where there are no women on the company's board. An exception will be made if there was a woman on the board at the preceding annual meeting and the board makes a firm commitment to return to a gender-diverse status within a year.

This policy will also apply for companies not in the Russell 3000 and S&P1500 indices, effective for meetings on or after **Feb. 1, 2023**.

**Racial and/or Ethnic Diversity:** For companies in the Russell 3000 or S&P 1500 indices, generally vote against or withhold from the chair of the nominating committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) where the board has no apparent racially or ethnically diverse members<sup>5</sup>. An exception will be made if there was racial and/or ethnic diversity on the board at the preceding annual meeting and the board makes a firm commitment to appoint at least one racial and/or ethnic diverse member within a year.

------

*Responsiveness*

Vote case-by-case on individual directors, committee members, or the entire board of directors as appropriate if:

The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year or failed to act on a management proposal seeking to ratify an existing charter/bylaw provision that received opposition of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year. Factors that will be considered are:

• Disclosed outreach efforts by the board to shareholders in the wake of the vote;

• Rationale provided in the proxy statement for the level of implementation;

• The subject matter of the proposal;

• The level of support for and opposition to the resolution in past meetings;

• Actions taken by the board in response to the majority vote and its engagement with shareholders;

• The continuation of the underlying issue as a voting item on the ballot (as either shareholder or management proposals); and

• Other factors as appropriate.

• The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of shares are tendered;

• At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote.

**4** Although all of a CEO's subsidiary boards with publicly-traded common stock will be counted as separate boards, ISS will not recommend a withhold vote for the CEO of a parent company board or any of the controlled (˃50 percent ownership) subsidiaries of that parent but may do so at subsidiaries that are less than 50 percent controlled and boards outside the parent/subsidiary relationships.

**5** Aggregate diversity statistics provided by the board will only be considered if specific to racial and/or ethnic diversity.

Vote case-by-case on Compensation Committee members (or, in exceptional cases, the full board) and the Say on Pay proposal if:

• The company's previous say-on-pay received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast. Factors that will be considered are:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The company's response, including:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors, including the frequency and timing of engagements and the company participants (including whether independent directors participated);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Disclosure of the specific concerns voiced by dissenting shareholders that led to the say-on-pay opposition;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Disclosure of specific and meaningful actions taken to address shareholders' concerns;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Other recent compensation actions taken by the company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The company's ownership structure; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness.

• The board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the plurality of votes cast.

*Accountability*

*Problematic Takeover Defenses/Governance Structure*

**Poison Pills:** Vote against or withhold from all nominees (except new nominees<sup>1</sup>, who should be considered case- by-case) if:

• The company has a poison pill that was not approved by shareholders<sup>6</sup>. However, vote case-by-case on nominees if the board adopts an initial pill with a term of one year or less, depending on the disclosed rationale for the adoption, and other factors as relevant (such as a commitment to put any renewal to a shareholder vote);

• The board makes a material adverse modification to an existing pill, including, but not limited to, extension, renewal, or lowering the trigger, without shareholder approval; or

• The pill, whether short-term<sup>7</sup> or long-term, has a deadhand or slowhand feature.

**Classified Board Structure:** The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election. All appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable.

**Removal of Shareholder Discretion on Classified Boards**: The company has opted into, or failed to opt out of, state laws requiring a classified board structure.

------

**Director Performance Evaluation:** The board lacks mechanisms to promote accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one-, three-, and five-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company's four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the company's operational metrics and other factors as warranted. Problematic provisions include but are not limited to:

• A classified board structure;

• A supermajority vote requirement;

• Either a plurality vote standard in uncontested director elections, or a majority vote standard in contested elections;

• The inability of shareholders to call special meetings;

• The inability of shareholders to act by written consent;

• A multi-class capital structure; and/or

• A non-shareholder-approved poison pill.

6 Public shareholders only, approval prior to a company's becoming public is insufficient.

**7** If the short-term pill with a deadhand or slowhand feature is enacted but expires before the next shareholder vote, ISS will generally still recommend withhold/against nominees at the next shareholder meeting following its adoption.

**Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments and Problematic Capital Structures*:*** Generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees<sup>1</sup>, who should be considered case-by-case) if the board amends the company's bylaws or charter without shareholder approval in a manner that materially diminishes shareholders' rights or that could adversely impact shareholders, considering the following factors:

• The board's rationale for adopting the bylaw/charter amendment without shareholder ratification;

• Disclosure by the company of any significant engagement with shareholders regarding the amendment;

• The level of impairment of shareholders' rights caused by the board's unilateral amendment to the bylaws/charter;

• The board's track record with regard to unilateral board action on bylaw/charter amendments or other entrenchment provisions;

• The company's ownership structure;

• The company's existing governance provisions;

• The timing of the board's amendment to the bylaws/charter in connection with a significant business development; and

• Other factors, as deemed appropriate, that may be relevant to determine the impact of the amendment on shareholders.

Unless the adverse amendment is reversed or submitted to a binding shareholder vote, in subsequent years vote case-by-case on director nominees. Generally vote against (except new nominees<sup>1</sup>, who should be considered case-by-case) if the directors:

• Classified the board;

• Adopted supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter; or

• Eliminated shareholders' ability to amend bylaws.

**Unequal Voting Rights**

**Problematic Capital Structure - Newly Public Companies:** For 2022, for newly public companies<sup>8</sup>, generally vote against or withhold from the entire board (except new nominees<sup>1</sup>, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company's public offering, the company or its board implemented a multi-class capital structure in which the classes have unequal voting rights without subjecting the multi-class capital structure to a reasonable time-based sunset. In assessing the reasonableness of a time-based sunset provision, consideration will be given to the company's lifespan, its post-IPO ownership structure and the board's disclosed rationale for the sunset period selected. No sunset period of more than seven years from the date of the IPO will be considered to be reasonable.

Continue to vote against or withhold from incumbent directors in subsequent years, unless the problematic capital structure is reversed, removed, or subject to a newly added reasonable sunset.

**Common Stock Capital Structure with Unequal Voting Rights**: Starting **Feb 1, 2023,** generally vote withhold or against directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees<sup>1</sup>, who should be considered case-by-case), if the company employs a common stock structure with unequal voting rights<sup>9</sup>.

Exceptions to this policy will generally be limited to:

• Newly-public companies<sup>8</sup> with a sunset provision of no more than seven years from the date of going public;

• Limited Partnerships and the Operating Partnership (OP) unit structure of REITs;

• Situations where the unequal voting rights are considered *de minimis*; or

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• The company provides sufficient protections for minority shareholders, such as allowing minority shareholders a regular binding vote on whether the capital structure should be maintained.

**Problematic Governance Structure - Newly Public Companies**: For newly public companies<sup>8</sup>, generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees<sup>1</sup>, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company's public offering, the company or its board adopted the following bylaw or charter provisions that are considered to be materially adverse to shareholder rights:

• Supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter;

• A classified board structure; or

• Other egregious provisions.

A reasonable sunset provision will be considered a mitigating factor.

Unless the adverse provision is reversed or removed, vote case-by-case on director nominees in subsequent years.

**Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions:** Vote against/withhold from individual directors, members of the governance committee, or the full board, where boards ask shareholders to ratify existing charter or bylaw provisions considering the following factors:

• The presence of a shareholder proposal addressing the same issue on the same ballot;

• The board's rationale for seeking ratification;

• Disclosure of actions to be taken by the board should the ratification proposal fail;

• Disclosure of shareholder engagement regarding the board's ratification request;

• The level of impairment to shareholders' rights caused by the existing provision;

• The history of management and shareholder proposals on the provision at the company's past meetings;

• Whether the current provision was adopted in response to the shareholder proposal;

• The company's ownership structure; and

• Previous use of ratification proposals to exclude shareholder proposals.

<sup>8</sup> Newly-public companies generally include companies that emerge from bankruptcy, SPAC transactions, spin-offs, direct listings, and those who complete a traditional initial public offering.

<sup>9</sup> This generally includes classes of common stock that have additional votes per share than other shares; classes of shares that are not entitled to vote on all the same ballot items or nominees; or stock with time-phased voting rights ("loyalty shares").

*Restrictions on Shareholders' Rights*

**Restricting Binding Shareholder Proposals:** Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the governance committee if:

• The company's governing documents impose undue restrictions on shareholders' ability to amend the bylaws. Such restrictions include but are not limited to: outright prohibition on the submission of binding shareholder proposals or share ownership requirements, subject matter restrictions, or time holding requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8. Vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis.

Submission of management proposals to approve or ratify requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8 for the submission of binding bylaw amendments will generally be viewed as an insufficient restoration of shareholders' rights. Generally continue to vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis until shareholders are provided with an unfettered ability to amend the bylaws or a proposal providing for such unfettered right is submitted for shareholder approval.

**Problematic Audit-Related Practices**

Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the Audit Committee if:

• The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are e xcessive;

• The company receives an adverse opinion on the company's financial statements from its auditor; or

• There is persuasive evidence that the Audit Committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm.

Vote case-by-case on members of the Audit Committee and potentially the full board if:

• Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a level of serious concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures. Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence, and duration, as well as the company's efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in determining whether withhold/against votes are warranted.

**Problematic Compensation Practices**

------

In the absence of an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say on Pay) ballot item or in egregious situations, vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:

• There is an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (p ay for performance);

• The company maintains significant p roblematic pay practices; or

• The board exhibits a significant level of p oor communication and responsiveness to shareholders.

Generally vote against or withhold from the Compensation Committee chair, other committee members, or potentially the full board if:

• The company fails to include a Say on Pay ballot item when required under SEC provisions, or under the company's declared frequency of say on pay; or

• The company fails to include a Frequency of Say on Pay ballot item when required under SEC provisions.

Generally vote against members of the board committee responsible for approving/setting non-employee director compensation if there is a pattern (i.e. two or more years) of awarding excessive non-employee director compensation without disclosing a compelling rationale or other mitigating factors.

**Problematic Pledging of Company Stock*:***

Vote against the members of the committee that oversees risks related to pledging, or the full board, where a significant level of pledged company stock by executives or directors raises concerns. The following factors will be considered:

• The presence of an anti-pledging policy, disclosed in the proxy statement, that prohibits future pledging activity;

• The magnitude of aggregate pledged shares in terms of total common shares outstanding, market value, and trading volume;

• Disclosure of progress or lack thereof in reducing the magnitude of aggregate pledged shares over time;

• Disclosure in the proxy statement that shares subject to stock ownership and holding requirements do not include pledged company stock; and

• Any other relevant factors.

**Climate Accountability**

For companies that are significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, through their operations or value chain<sup>10</sup>, generally vote against or withhold from the incumbent chair of the responsible committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) in cases where ISS determines that the company is not taking the minimum steps needed to understand, assess, and mitigate risks related to climate change to the company and the larger economy.

For **2022**, minimum steps to understand and mitigate those risks are considered to be the following. Both minimum criteria will be required to be in compliance:

• Detailed disclosure of climate-related risks, such as according to the framework established by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), including:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Board governance measures;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Corporate strategy;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Risk management analyses; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Metrics and targets.

• Appropriate GHG emissions reduction targets.

For **2022**, "appropriate GHG emissions reductions targets" will be any well-defined GHG reduction targets. Targets for Scope 3 emissions will not be required for 2022 but the targets should cover at least a significant portion of the company's direct emissions. Expectations about what constitutes "minimum steps to mitigate risks related to climate change" will increase over time.

**Governance Failures**

Under extraordinary circumstances, vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, due to:

• Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight<sup>11</sup>, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company;

• Failure to replace management as appropriate; or

• Egregious actions related to a director's service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company.

<sup>10</sup> For 2022, companies defined as "significant GHG emitters" will be those on the current Climate Action 100+ Focus Group list.

<sup>11</sup> Examples of failure of risk oversight include but are not limited to: bribery; large or serial fines or sanctions from regulatory bodies; demonstrably poor risk oversight of environmental and social issues, including climate change; significant adverse legal judgments or settlement; or hedging of company stock.

------

**Voting on Director Nominees in Contested Elections**

**Vote-No Campaigns**

**General Recommendation:** In cases where companies are targeted in connection with public "vote-no" campaigns, evaluate director nominees under the existing governance policies for voting on director nominees in uncontested elections. Take into consideration the arguments submitted by shareholders and other publicly available information.

**Proxy Contests/Proxy Access**

**General Recommendation:** Vote case-by-case on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors:

• Long-term financial performance of the company relative to its industry;

• Management's track record;

• Background to the contested election;

• Nominee qualifications and any compensatory arrangements;

• Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of the critique against management;

• Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates); and

• Stock ownership positions.

In the case of candidates nominated pursuant to proxy access, vote case-by-case considering any applicable factors listed above or additional factors which may be relevant, including those that are specific to the company, to the nominee(s) and/or to the nature of the election (such as whether there are more candidates than board seats).

**Other Board-Related Proposals**

**Independent Board Chair**

**General Recommendation:** Generally vote for shareholder proposals requiring that the board chair position be filled by an independent director, taking into consideration the following:

• The scope and rationale of the proposal;

• The company's current board leadership structure;

• The company's governance structure and practices;

• Company performance; and

• Any other relevant factors that may be applicable.

The following factors will increase the likelihood of a "for" recommendation:

• A majority non-independent board and/or the presence of non-independent directors on key board committees;

• A weak or poorly-defined lead independent director role that fails to serve as an appropriate counterbalance to a combined CEO/chair role;

• The presence of an executive or non-independent chair in addition to the CEO, a recent recombination of the role of CEO and chair, and/or departure from a structure with an independent chair;

• Evidence that the board has failed to oversee and address material risks facing the company;

• A material governance failure, particularly if the board has failed to adequately respond to shareholder concerns or if the board has materially diminished shareholder rights; or

• Evidence that the board has failed to intervene when management's interests are contrary to shareholders' interests.

**Shareholder Rights & Defenses**

**Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent**

**General Recommendation:** Generally vote against management and shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders' ability to act by written consent.

Generally vote for management and shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to act by written consent, taking into account the following factors:

• Shareholders' current right to act by written consent;

• The consent threshold;

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language;

• Investor ownership structure; and

• Shareholder support of, and management's response to, previous shareholder proposals.

Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals if, in addition to the considerations above, the company has the following governance and antitakeover provisions:

• An unfettered<sup>12</sup> right for shareholders to call special meetings at a 10 percent threshold;

• A majority vote standard in uncontested director elections;

• No non-shareholder-approved pill; and

• An annually elected board.

**Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings**

**General Recommendation:** Vote against management or shareholder proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholders' ability to call special meetings.

Generally vote for management or shareholder proposals that provide shareholders with the ability to call special meetings taking into account the following factors:

• Shareholders' current right to call special meetings;

• Minimum ownership threshold necessary to call special meetings (10 percent preferred);

• The inclusion of exclusionary or prohibitive language;

• Investor ownership structure; and

• Shareholder support of, and management's response to, previous shareholder proposals.

**Virtual Shareholder Meetings**

**General Recommendation:** Generally vote for management proposals allowing for the convening of shareholder meetings by electronic means, so long as they do not preclude in-person meetings. Companies are encouraged to disclose the circumstances under which virtual-only<sup>13</sup> meetings would be held, and to allow for comparable rights and opportunities for shareholders to participate electronically as they would have during an in-person meeting.

<sup>12</sup> "Unfettered" means no restrictions on agenda items, no restrictions on the number of shareholders who can group together to reach the 10 percent threshold, and only reasonable limits on when a meeting can be called: no greater than 30 days after the last annual meeting and no greater than 90 prior to the next annual meeting.

<sup>13</sup> Virtual-only shareholder meeting" refers to a meeting of shareholders that is held exclusively using technology without a corresponding in-person meeting.

Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals concerning virtual-only meetings, considering:

• Scope and rationale of the proposal; and

• Concerns identified with the company's prior meeting practices.

**Capital/Restructuring**

**Common Stock Authorization**

**General Authorization Requests**

**General Recommendation:** Vote case-by-case on proposals to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock that are to be used for general corporate purposes:

• If share usage (outstanding plus reserved) is less than 50% of the current authorized shares, vote for an increase of up to **50**% of current authorized shares.

• If share usage is 50% to 100% of the current authorized, vote for an increase of up to **100**% of current authorized shares.

• If share usage is greater than current authorized shares, vote for an increase of up to the current share usage.

• In the case of a stock split, the allowable increase is calculated (per above) based on the post-split adjusted authorization.

Generally vote against proposed increases, even if within the above ratios, if the proposal or the company's prior or ongoing use of authorized shares is problematic, including, but not limited to:

• The proposal seeks to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of common stock that has superior voting rights to other share classes;

• On the same ballot is a proposal for a reverse split for which support is warranted despite the fact that it would result in an excessive increase in the share authorization;

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• The company has a non-shareholder approved poison pill (including an NOL pill); or

• The company has previous sizeable placements (within the past 3 years) of stock with insiders at prices substantially below market value, or with problematic voting rights, without shareholder approval.

However, generally vote for proposed increases beyond the above ratios or problematic situations when there is disclosure of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request, such as:

• In, or subsequent to, the company's most recent 10-K filing, the company discloses that there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern;

• The company states that there is a risk of imminent bankruptcy or imminent liquidation if shareholders do not approve the increase in authorized capital; or

• A government body has in the past year required the company to increase its capital ratios.

For companies incorporated in states that allow increases in authorized capital without shareholder approval, generally vote withhold or against all nominees if a unilateral capital authorization increase does not conform to the above policies.

**Specific Authorization Requests**

**General Recommendation:** Generally vote for proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with transaction(s) (such as acquisitions, SPAC transactions, private placements, or similar transactions) on the same ballot, or disclosed in the proxy statement, that warrant support. For such transactions, the allowable increase will be the greater of:

• twice the amount needed to support the transactions on the ballot, and

• the allowable increase as calculated for general issuances above.

**Mergers and Acquisitions**

**General Recommendation:** Vote case-by-case on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including:

• *Valuation* - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale.

• *Market reaction* - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal.

• *Strategic rationale* - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions.

• *Negotiations and process* - Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm's-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Significant negotiation "wins" can also signify the deal makers' competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value.

• *Conflicts of interest* - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. The CIC figure presented in the "ISS Transaction Summary" section of this report is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists.

• *Governance* - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance.

**Compensation**

**Executive Pay Evaluation**

Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:

• Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which must be designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration, among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs;

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Avoid arrangements that risk "pay for failure": This principle addresses the appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and guaranteed compensation;

• Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee: This principle promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills, knowledge, experience, and a sound process for compensation decision-making (*e.g.*, including access to independent expertise and advice when needed);

• Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that enable shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly;

• Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors is reasonable and does not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in overseeing managers' pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a variety of generally accepted best practices.

**Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation—Management Proposals (Say-on-Pay)**

**General Recommendation:** Vote case-by-case on ballot items related to executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation.

Vote against Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay or "SOP") if:

• There is an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance);

• The company maintains significant problematic pay practices;

• The board exhibits a significant level of p oor communication and responsiveness to shareholders.

Vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:

• There is no SOP on the ballot, and an against vote on an SOP would otherwise be warranted due to pay-for- performance misalignment, problematic pay practices, or the lack of adequate responsiveness on compensation issues raised previously, or a combination thereof;

• The board fails to respond adequately to a previous SOP proposal that received less than 70 percent support of votes cast;

• The company has recently practiced or approved problematic pay practices, such as option repricing or option backdating; or

• The situation is egregious.

**Primary Evaluation Factors for Executive Pay**

**Pay-for-Performance Evaluation**

ISS annually conducts a pay-for-performance analysis to identify strong or satisfactory alignment between pay and performance over a sustained period. With respect to companies in the S&P1500, Russell 3000, or Russell 3000E Indices<sup>14</sup>, this analysis considers the following:

Peer Group<sup>15</sup> Alignment:

• The degree of alignment between the company's annualized TSR rank and the CEO's annualized total pay rank within a peer group, each measured over a three-year period.

• The rankings of CEO total pay and company financial performance within a peer group, each measured over a three-year period.

• The multiple of the CEO's total pay relative to the peer group median in the most recent fiscal year.

Absolute Alignment<sup>16</sup> – the absolute alignment between the trend in CEO pay and company TSR over the prior five fiscal years – i.e., the difference between the trend in annual pay changes and the trend in annualized TSR during the period.

If the above analysis demonstrates significant unsatisfactory long-term pay-for-performance alignment or, in the case of companies outside the Russell indices, a misalignment between pay and performance is otherwise suggested, our analysis may include any of the following qualitative factors, as relevant to an evaluation of how various pay elements may work to encourage or to undermine long-term value creation and alignment with shareholder interests:

• The ratio of performance- to time-based incentive awards;

• The overall ratio of performance-based compensation to fixed or discretionary pay;

• The rigor of performance goals;

• The complexity and risks around pay program design;

• The transparency and clarity of disclosure;

• The company's peer group benchmarking practices;

• Financial/operational results, both absolute and relative to peers;

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Special circumstances related to, for example, a new CEO in the prior FY or anomalous equity grant practices (e.g., bi-annual awards);

• Realizable pay<sup>17</sup> compared to grant pay; and

• Any other factors deemed relevant.

<sup>14</sup> The <u>R ussell 3000E</u> Index includes approximately 4,000 of the largest U.S. equity securities.

<sup>15</sup> The revised peer group is generally comprised of 14-24 companies that are selected using market cap, revenue (or assets for certain financial firms), GICS industry group, and company's selected peers' GICS industry group, with size constraints, via a process designed to select peers that are comparable to the subject company in terms of revenue/assets and industry, and also within a market-cap bucket that is reflective of the company's market cap. For Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels companies, market cap is the only size determinant.

<sup>16</sup> Only Russell 3000 Index companies are subject to the Absolute Alignment analysis.

<sup>17</sup> ISS research reports include realizable pay for S&P1500 companies.

**Problematic Pay Practices**

The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles, including:

• Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements;

• Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking or present a windfall risk; and

• Pay decisions that circumvent pay-for-performance, such as options backdating or waiving performance requirements.

**Problematic Pay Practices related to Non-Performance-Based Compensation Elements**

Pay elements that are not directly based on performance are generally evaluated case-by-case considering the context of a company's overall pay program and demonstrated pay-for-performance philosophy. Please refer to ISS' U .S. Compensation Policies FAQ document for detail on specific pay practices that have been identified as potentially problematic and may lead to negative recommendations if they are deemed to be inappropriate or unjustified relative to executive pay best practices. The list below highlights the problematic practices that carry significant weight in this overall consideration and may result in adverse vote recommendations:

• Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/SARs without prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender of underwater options);

• Extraordinary perquisites or tax gross-ups;

• New or materially amended agreements that provide for:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Excessive termination or CIC severance payments (generally exceeding 3 times base salary and average/target/most recent bonus);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• CIC severance payments without involuntary job loss or substantial diminution of duties ("single" or "modified single" triggers) or in connection with a problematic Good Reason definition;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• CIC excise tax gross-up entitlements (including "modified" gross-ups);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Multi-year guaranteed awards that are not at risk due to rigorous performance conditions;

• Liberal CIC definition combined with any single-trigger CIC benefits;

• Insufficient executive compensation disclosure by externally-managed issuers (EMIs) such that a reasonable assessment of pay programs and practices applicable to the EMI's executives is not possible;

• Any other provision or practice deemed to be egregious and present a significant risk to investors.

**Options Backdating**

The following factors should be examined case-by-case to allow for distinctions to be made between "sloppy" plan

administration versus deliberate action or fraud:

• Reason and motive for the options backdating issue, such as inadvertent vs. deliberate grant date changes;

• Duration of options backdating;

• Size of restatement due to options backdating;

• Corrective actions taken by the board or compensation committee, such as canceling or re-pricing backdated options, the recouping of option gains on backdated grants; and

• Adoption of a grant policy that prohibits backdating and creates a fixed grant schedule or window period for equity grants in the future.

**Compensation Committee Communications and Responsiveness**

Consider the following factors case-by-case when evaluating ballot items related to executive pay on the board's responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues:

• Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay topics; or

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Failure to adequately respond to the company's previous say-on-pay proposal that received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into account:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors, including the frequency and timing of engagements and the company participants (including whether independent directors participated);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Disclosure of the specific concerns voiced by dissenting shareholders that led to the say-on-pay opposition;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Disclosure of specific and meaningful actions taken to address shareholders' concerns;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Other recent compensation actions taken by the company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The company's ownership structure; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness.

**Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans**

Please refer to ISS' U .S. Equity Compensation Plans FAQ document for additional details on the Equity Plan Scorecard policy.

**General Recommendation:** Vote case-by-case on certain equity-based compensation plans<sup>18</sup> depending on a combination of certain plan features and equity grant practices, where positive factors may counterbalance negative factors, and vice versa, as evaluated using an "Equity Plan Scorecard" (EPSC) approach with three pillars:

• **Plan Cost:** The total estimated cost of the company's equity plans relative to industry/market cap peers, measured by the company's estimated Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT) in relation to peers and considering both:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• SVT based on new shares requested plus shares remaining for future grants, plus outstanding unvested/unexercised grants; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• SVT based only on new shares requested plus shares remaining for future grants.

• **Plan Features:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Quality of disclosure around vesting upon a change in control (CIC);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Discretionary vesting authority;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Liberal share recycling on various award types;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Lack of minimum vesting period for grants made under the plan;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Dividends payable prior to award vesting.

• **Grant Practices:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The company's three-year burn rate relative to its industry/market cap peers;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Vesting requirements in CEO's recent equity grants (3-year look-back);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The estimated duration of the plan (based on the sum of shares remaining available and the new shares requested, divided by the average annual shares granted in the prior three years);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The proportion of the CEO's most recent equity grants/awards subject to performance conditions;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Whether the company maintains a sufficient claw-back policy;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Whether the company maintains sufficient post-exercise/vesting share-holding requirements.

Generally vote against the plan proposal if the combination of above factors indicates that the plan is not, overall, in shareholders' interests, or if any of the following egregious factors ("overriding factors") apply:

• Awards may vest in connection with a liberal change-of-control definition;

• The plan would permit repricing or cash buyout of underwater options without shareholder approval (either by expressly permitting it – for NYSE and Nasdaq listed companies – or by not prohibiting it when the company has a history of repricing – for non-listed companies);

• The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices or a significant pay-for-performance disconnect under certain circumstances;

• The plan is excessively dilutive to shareholders' holdings;

• The plan contains an evergreen (automatic share replenishment) feature; or

• Any other plan features are determined to have a significant negative impact on shareholder interests.

**Social and Environmental Issues**

------

**Global Approach**

Issues covered under the policy include a wide range of topics, including consumer and product safety, environment and energy, labor standards and human rights, workplace and board diversity, and corporate political issues. While a variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principle guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal may enhance or protect shareholder value in either the short or long term.

<sup>18</sup> Proposals evaluated under the EPSC policy generally include those to approve or amend (1) stock option plans for employees and/or employees and directors, (2) restricted stock plans for employees and/or employees and directors, and (3) omnibus stock incentive plans for employees and/or employees and directors; amended plans will be further evaluated case-by-case.

**General Recommendation:** Generally vote case-by-case, examining primarily whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value. The following factors will be considered:

• If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation;

• If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal;

• Whether the proposal's request is unduly burdensome (scope or timeframe) or overly prescriptive;

• The company's approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the proposal;

• Whether there are significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company's environmental or social practices;

• If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources; and

• If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage.

**Say on Climate (SoC) Management Proposals**

**General Recommendation:** Vote case-by-case on management proposals that request shareholders to approve the company's climate transition action plan<sup>19</sup>, taking into account the completeness and rigor of the plan.

Information that will be considered where available includes the following:

• The extent to which the company's climate related disclosures are in line with TCFD recommendations and meet other market standards;

• Disclosure of its operational and supply chain GHG emissions (Scopes 1, 2, and 3);

• The completeness and rigor of company's short-, medium-, and long-term targets for reducing operational and supply chain GHG emissions (Scopes 1, 2, and 3 if relevant);

• Whether the company has sought and received third-party approval that its targets are science-based;

• Whether the company has made a commitment to be "net zero" for operational and supply chain emissions (Scopes 1, 2, and 3) by 2050;

• Whether the company discloses a commitment to report on the implementation of its plan in subsequent years;

• Whether the company's climate data has received third-party assurance;

• Disclosure of how the company's lobbying activities and its capital expenditures align with company strategy;

• Whether there are specific industry decarbonization challenges; and

• The company's related commitment, disclosure, and performance compared to its industry peers.

**Say on Climate (SoC) Shareholder Proposals**

**General Recommendation:** Vote case-by-case on shareholder proposals that request the company to disclose a report providing its GHG emissions levels and reduction targets and/or its upcoming/approved climate transition action plan and provide shareholders the opportunity to express approval or disapproval of its GHG emissions reduction plan, taking into account information such as the following:

• The completeness and rigor of the company's climate-related disclosure;

• The company's actual GHG emissions performance;

• Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations, fines, litigation, or controversy related to its GHG emissions; and

• Whether the proposal's request is unduly burdensome (scope or timeframe) or overly prescriptive.

<sup>19</sup> Variations of this request also include climate transition related ambitions, or commitment to reporting on the implementation of a climate plan.

**Climate Change/Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions**

------

**General Recommendation:** Generally vote for resolutions requesting that a company disclose information on the financial, physical, or regulatory risks it faces related to climate change on its operations and investments or on how the company identifies, measures, and manages such risks, considering:

• Whether the company already provides current, publicly-available information on the impact that climate change may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities;

• The company's level of disclosure compared to industry peers; and

• Whether there are significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company's climate change-related performance.

Generally vote for proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company operations and/or products and operations, unless:

• The company already discloses current, publicly-available information on the impacts that GHG emissions may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities;

• The company's level of disclosure is comparable to that of industry peers; and

• There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company's GHG emissions.

Vote case-by-case on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from products and operations, taking into account:

• Whether the company provides disclosure of year-over-year GHG emissions performance data;

• Whether company disclosure lags behind industry peers;

• The company's actual GHG emissions performance;

• The company's current GHG emission policies, oversight mechanisms, and related initiatives; and

• Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations, fines, litigation, or controversy related to GHG emissions.

**Racial Equity and/or Civil Rights Audit Guidelines**

**General Recommendation:** Vote case-by-case on proposals asking a company to conduct an independent racial equity and/or civil rights audit, taking into account:

• The company's established process or framework for addressing racial inequity and discrimination internally;

• Whether the company has issued a public statement related to its racial justice efforts in recent years, or has committed to internal policy review;

• Whether the company has engaged with impacted communities, stakeholders, and civil rights experts,

• The company's track record in recent years of racial justice measures and outreach externally;

• Whether the company has been the subject of recent controversy, litigation, or regulatory actions related to racial inequity or discrimination; and

• Whether the company's actions are aligned with market norms on civil rights, and racial or ethnic diversity.

**We empower investors and companies to build**

**for long-term and sustainable growth by providing high-quality data, analytics, and insight.**

**GET STARTED WITH ISS SOLUTIONS**

Email sales@issgovernance.com or visit issgovernance.com for more information.

Founded in 1985, the Institutional Shareholder Services group of companies ("ISS") is the world's leading provider of corporate governance and responsible investment solutions alongside fund intelligence and services, events, and editorial content for institutional investors, globally. ISS' solutions include objective governance research and recommendations; responsible investment data, analytics, and research; end-to-end proxy voting and distribution solutions; turnkey securities class-action claims management (provided by Securities Class Action Services, LLC); reliable global governance data and modeling tools; asset management intelligence, portfolio execution and monitoring, fund services, and media. Clients rely on ISS' expertise to help them make informed investment decisions.

This document and all of the information contained in it, including without limitation all text, data, graphs, and charts (collectively, the "Information") is the property of Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (ISS), its subsidiaries, or, in some cases third party suppliers.

The Information has not been submitted to, nor received approval from, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory body. None of the Information constitutes an offer to sell (or a solicitation of an offer to buy), or a promotion or recommendation of, any security, financial product or other investment vehicle or any trading strategy, and ISS does not endorse, approve, or otherwise express any opinion regarding any issuer, securities, financial products or instruments or trading strategies.

------

The user of the Information assumes the entire risk of any use it may make or permit to be made of the Information.

ISS MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS for A PARTICULAR PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANY OF THE INFORMATION.

Without limiting any of the foregoing and to the maximum extent permitted by law, in no event shall ISS have any liability regarding any of the Information for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential (including lost profits), or any other damages even if notified of the possibility of such damages. The foregoing shall not exclude or limit any liability that may not by applicable law be excluded or limited.

------

**ISS**

**UNITED STATES**

**TAFT-Hartley PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES**

**2022 Executive Summary**

**Published January 19, 2022**

**Table Of Contents**

**Introduction**

**Board of Directors**

Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections

Board Size

Board Diversity

Majority Threshold Voting Requirement for Director Elections

Cumulative Voting

Shareholder Access to the Proxy

Takeover Defenses/Shareholder Rights

Poison Pills

Proxy Contests – Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections

**Capital Structure**

Increased Authorized Common Stock

Reverse Stock Splits

Dual Class Structures

Preferred Stock Authorization

Share Repurchase Programs

**Auditor Ratification**

Auditor Independence

**Mergers, Acquisitions, and Restructurings**

Mergers and Acquisitions

Reincorporation

**Executive Compensation**

Equity Incentive Plans

Options Backdating

Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation – Management Say-on-Pay Proposals (MSOP)

Golden Parachutes

Proposals to Limit Executive and Director Pay

**Corporate Responsibility & Accountability**

Corporate and Supplier Codes of Conduct

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Sustainability Reporting and Planning

Hydraulic Fracturing

Workplace Practices and Human Rights

------

**Introduction**

The proxy voting policy of ISS' Taft-Hartley Advisory Services is based upon the AFL-CIO Proxy Voting Guidelines, which comply with all the fiduciary standards delineated by the U.S. Department of Labor.

Taft-Hartley client accounts are governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). ERISA sets forth the tenets under which pension fund assets must be managed and invested. Proxy voting rights have been declared by the Department of Labor to be valuable plan assets and therefore must be exercised in accordance with the fiduciary duties of loyalty and prudence. The duty of loyalty requires that the voting fiduciary exercise proxy voting authority solely in the economic interest of participants and plan beneficiaries. The duty of prudence requires that decisions be made based on financial criteria and that a clear process exists for evaluating proxy issues.

The Taft-Hartley Advisory Services voting policy was carefully crafted to meet those requirements by promoting long-term shareholder value, emphasizing the "economic best interests" of plan participants and beneficiaries. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will assess the short-term and long-term impact of a vote and will promote a position that is consistent with the long-term economic best interests of plan members embodied in the principle of a "worker-owner view of value."

The Taft-Hartley Advisory Services guidelines address a broad range of issues, including election of directors, executive compensation, proxy contests, auditor ratification, and tender offer defenses – all significant voting items that affect long-term shareholder value. In addition, these guidelines delve deeper into workplace issues that may have an impact on corporate performance, including:

• Corporate policies that affect job security and wage levels;

• Corporate policies that affect local economic development and stability;

• Corporate responsibility to employees, communities and the environment; and

• Workplace safety and health issues.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall analyze each proxy on a case-by-case basis, informed by the guidelines outlined in the following pages. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services does not intend for these guidelines to be exhaustive. It is neither practical nor productive to fashion voting guidelines and policies which attempt to address every eventuality. Rather, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services' guidelines are intended to cover the most significant and frequent proxy issues that arise. Issues not covered by the guidelines shall be voted in the interest of plan participants and beneficiaries of the plan based on a worker-owner view of long-term corporate value. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services shall revise its guidelines as events warrant and will remain in conformity with the AFL-CIO proxy voting policy.

**Board of Directors**

***Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections***

Electing directors is the single most important stock ownership right that shareholders can exercise. The board of directors is responsible for holding management accountable to performance standards on behalf of the shareholders. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports annually elected boards and holds directors to a high standard when voting on their election, qualifications, and compensation.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes votes should be cast in a manner that will encourage the independence of boards. In particular, the Taft-Hartley guidelines board independence standards require a two-thirds majority independent board. The Taft-Hartley guidelines also employ a higher bar on director independence classifications and consider directors who have been on the board for a period exceeding 10 years as non-independent directors. Furthermore, key board committees should be composed entirely of independent directors. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports shareholders proposals requesting the separation of the chairman and CEO positions and opposes the election of a non-independent chair.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services takes into account the attendance records of directors, using a benchmark attendance rate of 75 percent of board and committee meetings. Cases of chronic poor attendance without reasonable justification may also warrant adverse recommendations for nominating/governance committees or the full board. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will also vote against a director nominee who serves on an excessive number of boards. A non-CEO director will be deemed "overboarded" if he/she sits on more than four public company boards while CEO directors will be considered as such if they serve on more than one public company board besides their own. Furthermore, adverse recommendations for directors may be warranted at companies where problematic pay practices exist, and where boards have not been accountable or responsive to their shareholders.

For companies that are significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, through their operations or value chain<sup>1</sup>, Taft- Hartley Advisory Services will generally vote against or withhold from the incumbent chair of the responsible committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) in cases where Taft-Hartley Advisory Services determines that the company is not taking the minimum steps needed to understand, assess, and mitigate risks related to climate change to the company and the larger economy.

***Board Size***

While there is no hard and fast rule among institutional investors as to what may be an optimal board size, a board that is too large may function inefficiently. Conversely, a board that is too small may allow the CEO to exert disproportionate influence or may stretch the time

------

requirements of individual directors too thin. Given that the preponderance of boards in the U.S. range between five and fifteen directors, many institutional investors believe this benchmark is a useful standard for evaluating such proposals. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally vote against any proposal seeking to amend the company's board size to fewer than five seats or more than fifteen seats.

***Board Diversity***

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally vote against or withhold from the chair of the nominating committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) for companies in the Russell 3000 or S&P 1500 indices that lack gender diversity or where the board has no apparent racially or ethnically diverse members<sup>2</sup>.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will support shareholder proposals asking the board to make greater efforts to search for qualified female and minority candidates for nomination to the board of director. Taft-Hartley fiduciaries generally believe that increasing diversity in the boardroom better reflects a company's workforce, customers and community, and enhances shareholder value.

***Majority Threshold Voting Requirement for Director Elections***

Taft-Hartley fiduciaries believe shareholders should have a greater voice in regard to the election of directors and view majority threshold voting as a viable alternative to the current deficiencies of the plurality system in the U.S. Shareholders have expressed strong support for resolutions on majority threshold voting. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports proposals calling for directors to be elected with an affirmative majority of votes cast and/or the elimination of the plurality standard for electing directors, provided the proposal includes a carve-out for a plurality voting standard in contested director elections.

***Cumulative Voting***

Under a cumulative voting scheme, shareholders are permitted to have one vote per share for each director to be elected and may apportion these votes among the director candidates in any manner they wish. This voting method allows minority shareholders to influence the outcome of director contests by "cumulating" their votes for one nominee, thereby creating a measure of independence from management control. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally vote against proposals to eliminate cumulative voting, and for proposals to allow cumulative voting.

***Shareholder Access to the Proxy***

Many investors view proxy access as an important shareholder right, one that is complementary to other best- practice corporate governance features. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services is generally supportive of reasonably crafted shareholder proposals advocating for the ability of long-term shareholders to cost-effectively nominate director candidates that represent their interests on management's proxy card. Shareholder proposals that have the potential to result in abuse of the proxy access right by way of facilitating hostile takeovers will generally not be supported.

***Takeover Defenses/Shareholder Rights***

Topics evaluated in this category include shareholders' ability to call a special meeting or act by written consent, the adoption or redemption of poison pills, unequal voting rights, fair price provisions, greenmail, supermajority vote requirements, and confidential voting.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally vote for management proposals allowing for the convening of shareholder meetings by electronic means, so long as they do not preclude in-person meetings. Companies are encouraged to disclose the circumstances under which virtual-only meetings would be held, and to allow for comparable rights and opportunities for shareholders to participate electronically as they would have during an in- person meeting.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally opposes takeover defenses, as they limit shareholder value by eliminating the takeover or control premium for the company. As owners of the company, shareholders should be given the opportunity to decide on the merits of takeover offers. Further, takeover devices can be used to entrench a board that is unresponsive to shareholders on both governance and corporate social responsibility issues.

***Poison Pills***

Shareholder rights plans, more commonly known as poison pills, are warrants issued to shareholders allowing them to purchase shares from the company at a price far below market value when a certain ownership threshold has been reached, thereby effectively preventing a takeover. Poison pills can entrench management and give the board veto power over takeover bids, thereby altering the balance of power between shareholders and management. While poison pills are evaluated on a case-by-case basis depending on a company's particular set of circumstances, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally vote for proposals to submit a company's poison pill to shareholder vote and/or eliminate or redeem poison pills.

***Proxy Contests — Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections***

Contested elections of directors frequently occur when a board candidate or "dissident slate" seeks election for the purpose of achieving a significant change in corporate policy or control of seats on the board. Competing slates will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis with a number of considerations in mind. These include, but are not limited to, the following: personal qualifications of each candidate; the economic impact of the policies advanced by the dissident slate of nominees; and their expressed and demonstrated commitment to the interests of the shareholders of the company.

------

**Capital Structure**

***Increase Authorized Common Stock***

Corporations seek shareholder approval to increase their supply of common stock for a variety of business reasons. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote for proposals to increase authorized common stock when management has provided a specific justification for the increase, evaluating proposals on a case-by-case basis. An increase of up to 50 percent is enough to allow a company to meet its capital needs. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against proposals to increase an authorization by more than 50 percent unless management provides compelling reasons for the increase. Adverse recommendations would be considered warranted if the proposal or the company's prior or ongoing use of authorized shares is problematic (e.g., the company has a non-shareholder approved poison pill).

***Reverse Stock Splits***

Reverse splits exchange multiple shares for a lesser amount to increase share price. Evaluation of management proposals to implement a reverse stock split will take into account whether there is a corresponding proportional decrease in authorized shares. Without a corresponding decrease, a reverse stock split is effectively an increase in authorized shares by way of reducing the number of shares outstanding, while leaving the number of authorized shares to be issued at the pre-split level. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also considers if the reverse stock split is necessary to maintain listing of a company's stock on the national stock exchanges, or if there is substantial doubt about the company's ability to continue as a going concern without additional financing.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports a reverse stock split if the number of authorized shares will be reduced proportionately. When there is not a proportionate reduction of authorized shares, Taft-Hartley trustees should oppose such proposals unless a stock exchange has provided notice to the company of a potential delisting.

***Dual Class Structures***

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services does not support dual share class structures. Incumbent management can use a dual class structure to gain unequal voting rights. A separate class of shares with superior voting rights can allow management to concentrate its power and insulate itself from the majority of its shareholders. An additional drawback is the added cost and complication of maintaining the two class system. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote for a one share, one vote capital structure, and vote against the creation or continuation of dual class structures.

***Preferred Stock Authorization***

Preferred stock is an equity security which has certain features similar to debt instruments- such as fixed dividend payments and seniority of claims to common stock - and usually carries little to no voting rights. The terms of blank check preferred stock give the board of directors the power to issue shares of preferred stock at their discretion with voting, conversion, distribution, and other rights to be determined by the board at time of issue. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally vote for proposals to authorize preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion, and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock appear reasonable. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will also consider company-specific factors including the company's prior or ongoing use of authorized shares, disclosure on specific reasons/rationale for the proposed increase, the dilutive impact of the request, disclosure of specific risks to shareholders of not approving the request, and whether the shares requested are blank check preferred shares that can be used for antitakeover purposes.

***Share Repurchase Programs***

While most U.S. companies can and do implement share buyback programs via board resolutions without shareholder votes, there are exceptions to this rule. Certain financial institutions, for example, are required by their regulators to receive shareholder approval for buyback programs. In addition, certain U.S.-listed cross-market companies are required by the law of their country of incorporation to receive shareholder approval to grant the board the authority to repurchase shares.

For U.S.-incorporated companies, and foreign-incorporated U.S. Domestic Issuers that are traded solely on U.S. exchanges, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote for management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms, or to grant the board authority to conduct open-market repurchases, in the absence of company-specific concerns. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote case-by-case on proposals to repurchase shares directly from specified shareholders, balancing the stated rationale against the possibility for the repurchase authority to be misused, such as to repurchase shares from executives at a premium to market price.

**Auditor Ratification**

**Auditor Independence**

Auditors are the backbone upon which a company's financial health is measured, and auditor independence is essential for rendering objective opinions upon which investors then rely. When an auditor is paid more in consulting fees than for auditing, its relationship with the company is left open to conflicts of interest. Because accounting scandals evaporate shareholder value, any proposal to ratify auditors is examined for potential conflicts of interest, with particular attention to the fees paid to the auditor, auditor tenure, as well as whether the ratification of auditors has been put up for shareholder vote. Failure by a company to present its selection of auditors for shareholder ratification should be discouraged as it undermines good governance and disenfranchises shareholders.

------

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against the ratification of a company's auditor if it receives more than one- quarter of its total fees for consulting or if auditor tenure has exceeded seven years. A vote against the election of Audit Committee members will also be recommended when auditor ratification is not included on the proxy ballot and/or when consulting fees exceed audit fees. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports shareholder proposals to ensure auditor independence and effect mandatory auditor ratification.

**Mergers, Acquisitions, and Restructuring** 

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services votes for corporate transactions that take the high road to competitiveness and company growth. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that structuring merging companies to build long-term relationships with a stable and quality work force and preserving good jobs creates long-term company value. Taft- Hartley Advisory Services opposes corporate transactions which indiscriminately lay off workers and shed valuable competitive resources.

**Mergers and Acquisitions**

Mergers, acquisitions, spinoffs, reincorporations, and other corporate restructuring plans are evaluated on a case- by-case basis, given the potential for significant impact on shareholder value and on shareholders' economic interests. In addition, these corporate actions can have a significant impact on community stakeholders and the workforce, and may affect the levels of employment, community lending, equal opportunity, and impact on the environment.

***Reincorporation***

For a company that seeks to reincorporate, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services evaluates the merits of the move on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration both financial and corporate governance concerns including the reasons for reincorporation, a comparison of both the company's governance practices and provisions prior to and following the reincorporation, and corporation laws of original state and destination state.

**Executive Compensation** 

**Equity Incentive Plan**

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports compensating executives at a reasonable rate and believes that executive compensation should be strongly correlated to sustained performance. Stock options and other forms of equity compensation should be performance-based with an eye toward improving shareholder value. Well-designed stock option plans align the interests of executives and shareholders by providing that executives benefit when stock prices rise as the company— and shareholders— prosper together. Poorly designed equity award programs can encourage excessive risk-taking behavior and incentivize executives to pursue corporate strategies that promote short-term stock price to the ultimate detriment of long-term shareholder value.

Many plans sponsored by management provide goals so easily attained that executives can realize massive rewards even though shareholder value is not necessarily created. Stock options that are awarded selectively and excessively can dilute shareholders' share value and voting power. In general, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports plans that are offered at fair terms to executives who satisfy well-defined performance goals. Option plans are evaluated on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration factors including: exercise price, voting power dilution, equity burn rate, executive concentration ratios, pay-for-performance, and the presence of any repricing provisions.

**Options Backdating**

Options backdating has serious implications and has resulted in financial restatements, delisting of companies, and/or the termination of executives or directors. When options backdating has taken place, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services may consider recommending against or withholding votes from the compensation committee, depending on the severity of the practices and the subsequent corrective actions taken by the board. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services adopts a case-by-case approach to the options backdating issue to differentiate companies that had sloppy administration versus those that had committed fraud, as well as those companies that have since taken corrective action. Instances in which companies have committed fraud are more disconcerting, and Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will look to them to adopt formal policies to ensure that such practices will not re-occur in the future.

***Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation – Management Say-on-Pay Proposals (MSOP)***

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires advisory shareholder votes on executive compensation (management "Say on Pay"), an advisory vote on the frequency of Say on Pay, as well as a shareholder advisory vote on golden parachute compensation. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services believes that executive pay programs should be fair, competitive, reasonable, and appropriate, and that pay for performance should be a central tenet in executive compensation philosophy. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote against MSOP proposals if there is a misalignment between CEO pay and company performance, the company maintains problematic pay practices, and the board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also supports annual advisory votes on compensation, which provide the most consistent and clear communication channel for shareholder concerns about companies' executive pay programs.

***Golden Parachutes***

Golden parachutes are designed to protect the senior level employees of a corporation in the event of a change-in- control. Under most golden parachute agreements, senior level management employees receive a lump sum pay- out triggered by a change-in-control at usually two to

------

three times base salary. These severance agreements can grant extremely generous benefits to well-paid executives and most often offer no value to shareholders. Taft- Hartley Advisory Services will vote for shareholder proposals to have all golden parachute agreements submitted for shareholder ratification, and evaluates golden parachutes compensation on a case-by-case basis, consistent with Taft-Hartley Advisory Services' policies on problematic pay practices related to severance packages.

***Proposals to Limit Executive and Director Pay***

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will vote for shareholder proposals that seek additional disclosure of executive and director pay information. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will also vote for shareholder proposals that seek to eliminate outside directors' retirement benefits. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services reviews on a case-by-case basis all other shareholder proposals that seek to limit executive and director pay. This includes shareholder proposals that seek to link executive compensation to non-financial factors such as corporate downsizing, customer/employee satisfaction, community involvement, human rights, social and environmental goals and performance.

**Corporate Responsibility & Accountability** 

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports social, workforce, and environmental shareholder-sponsored resolutions if they seek to create responsible corporate citizens while at the same time attempting to enhance long-term shareholder value. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services typically supports proposals that ask for disclosure reporting of information that is not available outside the company and not proprietary in nature. Such reporting is particularly most vital when it appears that a company has not adequately addressed shareholder concerns regarding social, workplace, environmental and/or other issues.

***Corporate and Supplier Codes of Conduct***

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports proposals that call for the adoption and/or enforcement of clear principles or codes of conduct relating to countries in which there are systematic violations of human rights. These conditions include the use of slave, child, or prison labor, undemocratically elected governments, widespread reports by human rights advocates, fervent pro-democracy protests, or economic sanctions and boycotts.

Many proposals refer to the seven core conventions, commonly referred to as the "Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights At Work," ratified by the International Labor Organization (ILO). The seven conventions fall under four broad categories: i) right to organize and bargain collectively; ii) non-discrimination in employment; iii) abolition of forced labor; and iv) end of child labor. Each member nation of the ILO body is bound to respect and promote these rights to the best of their abilities.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports the implementation and reporting on ILO codes of conduct. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services also votes in favor of requests for an assessment of the company's human rights risks in its operation or in its supply chain, or report on its human rights risk assessment process.

***Greenhouse Gas Emissions***

Shareholder proposals asking a company to issue a report to shareholders – at reasonable cost and omitting proprietary information – on greenhouse gas emissions ask that the report include descriptions of efforts within companies to reduce emissions, their financial exposure and potential liability from operations that contribute to global warming, and their direct or indirect efforts to promote the view that global warming is not a threat.

Proponents argue that there is scientific proof that the burning of fossil fuels causes global warming, that future legislation may make companies financially liable for their contributions to global warming, and that a report on the company's role in global warming can be assembled at reasonable cost. Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports greater disclosure on climate change-related proposals.

***Sustainability Reporting and Planning***

The concept of sustainability is commonly understood as meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Indeed, the term sustainability is complex and poses significant challenges for companies on many levels. Many in the investment community have termed this broader responsibility the "triple bottom line," referring to the triad of performance goals related to economic prosperity, social responsibility and environmental quality. In essence, the concept requires companies to balance the needs and interests of their various stakeholders while operating in a manner that sustains business growth for the long-term, supports local communities and protects the environment and natural capital for future generations.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports shareholder proposals seeking greater disclosure on the company's environmental and social practices, and/or associated risks and liabilities.

***Hydraulic Fracturing***

Shareholder proponents have elevated concerns on the use of hydraulic fracturing, an increasingly controversial process in which water, sand, and a mix of chemicals is blasted horizontally into tight layers of shale rock to extract natural gas. As this practice has gained more widespread use, environmentalists have raised concerns that the chemicals mixed with sand and water to aid the fracturing process can contaminate ground water supplies.

------

Proponents of resolutions at companies that employ hydraulic fracturing are also concerned that wastewater produced by the process could overload the waste treatment plants to which it is shipped. Shareholders have asked companies that utilize hydraulic fracturing to report on the environmental impact of the practice and to disclose policies aimed at reducing hazards from the process.

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services generally supports shareholder requests seeking greater transparency on the practice of hydraulic fracturing and its associated risks.

***Workplace Practices and Human Rights***

Taft-Hartley Advisory Services supports shareholder requests for workplace safety reports, including reports on accident risk reduction effort. In addition, Taft-Hartley Advisory Services will generally support proposals calling for action on equal employment opportunity and anti-discrimination, and requests to conduct an independent racial equity and/or civil rights audit.

<sup>1</sup> For 2022, companies defined as "significant GHG emitters" will be those on the current Climate Action 100+ Focus Group list.

<sup>2</sup> Aggregate diversity statistics provided by the board will only be considered if specific to racial and/or ethnic diversity.

**We empower investors and companies to build**

**for long-term and sustainable growth by providing high-quality data, analytics, and insight.**

**GET STARTED WITH ISS SOLUTIONS**

Email sales@issgovernance.com or visit issgovernance.com for more information.

Founded in 1985, the Institutional Shareholder Services group of companies ("ISS") is the world's leading provider of corporate governance and responsible investment solutions alongside fund intelligence and services, events, and editorial content for institutional investors, globally. ISS' solutions include objective governance research and recommendations; responsible investment data, analytics, and research; end-to-end proxy voting and distribution solutions; turnkey securities class-action claims management (provided by Securities Class Action Services, LLC); reliable global governance data and modeling tools; asset management intelligence, portfolio execution and monitoring, fund services, and media. Clients rely on ISS' expertise to help them make informed investment decisions.

This document and all of the information contained in it, including without limitation all text, data, graphs, and charts (collectively, the "Information") is the property of Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (ISS), its subsidiaries, or, in some cases third party suppliers.

The Information has not been submitted to, nor received approval from, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory body. None of the Information constitutes an offer to sell (or a solicitation of an offer to buy), or a promotion or recommendation of, any security, financial product or other investment vehicle or any trading strategy, and ISS does not endorse, approve, or otherwise express any opinion regarding any issuer, securities, financial products or instruments or trading strategies.

The user of the Information assumes the entire risk of any use it may make or permit to be made of the Information.

ISS MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS for A PARTICULAR PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANY OF THE INFORMATION.

Without limiting any of the foregoing and to the maximum extent permitted by law, in no event shall ISS have any liability regarding any of the Information for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential (including lost profits), or any other damages even if notified of the possibility of such damages. The foregoing shall not exclude or limit any liability that may not by applicable law be excluded or limited.

------

**ISS**

**UNITED STATES**

**SRI PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES**

**2022 Executive Summary**

**Published January 19, 2022**

**Table Of Contents**

**Introduction**

**Management Proposals**

Board of Directors

Board Responsiveness

Auditors

Takeover Defenses/Shareholder Rights

Miscellaneous Governance Provisions

Capital Structures

Executive and Director Compensation

Mergers and Corporate Restructurings

Mutual Fund Proxies

**Shareholder Proposals**

Shareholder Proposals on Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation

Shareholder Proposals on Social and Environmental Topics

**Introduction**

ISS' Social Advisory Services division recognizes that socially responsible investors have dual objectives: financial and social. Socially responsible investors invest for economic gain, as do all investors, but they also require that companies in which they invest conduct their business in a socially and environmentally responsible manner.

The dual objectives carry through to the proxy voting activity, after the security selection process is completed. In voting their shares, socially responsible institutional shareholders are concerned not only with economic returns to shareholders and good corporate governance, but also with the ethical behavior of corporations and the social and environmental impact of their actions.

Social Advisory Services has, therefore, developed proxy voting guidelines that are consistent with the dual objectives of socially responsible shareholders. On matters of social and environmental import, the guidelines seek to reflect a broad consensus of the socially responsible investing community. Generally, Social Advisory Services takes as frame of reference policies that have been developed by groups such as the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility, the General Board of Pension and Health Benefits of the United Methodist Church, Domini Social Investments, and other leading church shareholders and socially responsible mutual fund companies. Additionally, Social Advisory Services incorporates the active ownership and investment philosophies of leading globally recognized initiatives such as the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI), the United Nations Global Compact, and environmental and social European Union Directives.

On matters of corporate governance, executive compensation, and corporate structure, Social Advisory Services guidelines are based on a commitment to create and preserve economic value and to advance principles of good corporate governance consistent with responsibilities to society as a whole.

The guidelines provide an overview of how Social Advisory Services recommends that its clients vote. Social Advisory Services notes that there may be cases in which the final vote recommendation on a particular company varies from the voting guidelines due to the fact that Social Advisory Services closely examines the merits of each proposal and consider relevant information and company-specific circumstances in arriving at decisions. Where ISS acts as voting agent for its clients, it follows each client's voting policy, which may differ in some cases from the policies outlined in this document. Social Advisory Services updates its guidelines on an annual basis to take into account emerging issues and trends on environmental, social, and corporate governance topics, in addition to evolving market standards, regulatory changes, and client feedback.

The guidelines evaluate management and shareholder proposals as follows:

**Management Proposals**

------

**1. Board of Directors**

Social Advisory Services considers director elections to be one of the most important voting decisions that shareholders make. Boards should be composed of a majority of independent directors and key board committees should be composed entirely of independent directors. The independent directors are expected to organize much of the board's work, even if the chief executive officer also serves as chairman of the board. It is expected that boards will engage in critical self-evaluation of themselves and of individual members. Directors are ultimately responsible to the corporation's shareholders. The most direct expression of this responsibility is the requirement that directors be elected to their positions by the shareholders.

Social Advisory Services will generally oppose all director nominees if the board is not majority independent and will vote against or withhold from non-independent directors who sit on key board committees. Social Advisory Services will also vote against or withhold from incumbent members of the nominating committee, or other directors on a case-by-case basis, where the board is not comprised of at least 40 percent underrepresented gender identities<sup>1</sup> or at least 20 percent racially or ethnically diverse directors. The election of directors who have failed to attend a minimum of 75 percent of board and committee meetings held during the year will be opposed. Furthermore, Social Advisory Services will vote against or withhold from a director nominee who serves on an excessive number of boards. A non-CEO director will be deemed "overboarded" if they sit on more than five public company boards while CEO directors will be considered as such if they serve on more than two public company boards besides their own.

In addition, Social Advisory Services will generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or potentially the entire board, for failure to adequately guard against or manage ESG risks or for lack of sustainability reporting in the company's public documents and/or website in conjunction with a failure to adequately manage or mitigate ESG risks. For companies that are significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, through their operations or value chain<sup>2</sup>, Social Advisory Services will generally vote against or withhold from the incumbent chair of the responsible committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) in cases where Social Advisory Services determines that the company is not taking the minimum steps needed to understand, assess, and mitigate risks related to climate change to the company and the larger economy.

Social Advisory Services supports requests asking for the separation of the positions of chairman and CEO, opposes the creation of classified boards, and reviews proposals to change board size on a case-by-case basis. Social Advisory Services also generally supports shareholder proposals calling for greater access to the board, affording shareholders the ability to nominate directors to corporate boards. Social Advisory Services may vote against or withhold from directors at companies where problematic pay practices exist, and where boards have not been accountable or responsive to their shareholders.

<sup>1</sup> Underrepresented gender identities include directors who identify as women or as non-binary.

<sup>2</sup> For 2022, companies defined as "significant GHG emitters" will be those on the current Climate Action 100+ Focus Group list.

**2. Board Responsiveness**

Social Advisory Services will vote case-by-case on individual directors, committee members, or the entire board of directors as appropriate if the board fails to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares in the previous year. When evaluating board responsiveness issues, Social Advisory Services takes into account other factors, including the board's failure to act on takeover offers where the majority of shares are tendered; if at the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote; or if the board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the plurality of votes cast.

**3. Auditors**

While it is recognized that the company is in the best position to evaluate the competence of the outside accountants, Social Advisory Services believes that outside accountants must ultimately be accountable to shareholders. Given the rash of accounting irregularities that were not detected by audit panels or auditors, shareholder ratification is an essential step in restoring investor confidence. A Blue Ribbon Commission concluded that audit committees must improve their current level of oversight of independent accountants. Social Advisory Services will vote against the ratification of the auditor in cases where non-audit fees represent more than 25 percent of the total fees paid to the auditor in the previous year. Social Advisory Services supports requests asking for the rotation of the audit firm, if the request includes a timetable of five years or more.

**4. Takeover Defenses/Shareholder Rights**

Topics evaluated in this category include shareholders' ability to call a special meeting or act by written consent, the adoption or redemption of poison pills, unequal voting rights, fair price provisions, greenmail, supermajority vote requirements, and confidential voting.

Social Advisory Services will generally vote for management proposals allowing for the convening of shareholder meetings by electronic means, so long as they do not preclude in-person meetings. Companies are encouraged to disclose the circumstances under which virtual-only meetings would be held, and to allow for comparable rights and opportunities for shareholders to participate electronically as they would have during an in-person meeting.

Social Advisory Services generally opposes takeover defenses, as they limit shareholder value by eliminating the takeover or control premium for the company. As owners of the company, shareholders should be given the opportunity to decide on the merits of takeover offers. Further, takeover devices can be used to entrench a board that is unresponsive to shareholders on both governance and corporate social responsibility issues.

------

**5. Miscellaneous Governance Provisions**

Social Advisory Services evaluates proposals that concern governance issues such as shareholder meeting adjournments, quorum requirements, corporate name changes, and bundled or conditional proposals on a case- by-case basis, taking into account the impact on shareholder rights.

**6. Capital Structures**

Capital structure related topics include requests for increases in authorized stock, stock splits and reverse stock splits, issuances of blank check preferred stock, debt restructurings, and share repurchase plans.

Social Advisory Services supports a one-share, one-vote policy and opposes mechanisms that skew voting rights. Social Advisory Services supports capital requests that provide companies with adequate financing flexibility while protecting shareholders from excessive dilution of their economic and voting interests. Proposals to increase common stock are evaluated on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the company's prior or ongoing use of share authorizations and elements of the current request.

**7. Executive and Director Compensation**

The global financial crisis has resulted in significant erosion of shareholder value and highlighted the need for greater assurance that executive compensation is principally performance-based, fair, reasonable, and not designed in a manner that would incentivize excessive risk-taking by management. The crisis has raised questions about the role of pay incentives in influencing executive behavior and motivating inappropriate or excessive risk- taking and other unsustainable practices that could threaten a corporation's long-term viability. The safety lapses that led to the disastrous explosions at BP's Deepwater Horizon oil rig and Massey Energy's Upper Big Branch mine, and the resulting unprecedented losses in shareholder value; a) underscore the importance of incorporating meaningful economic incentives around social and environmental considerations in compensation program design, and; b) exemplify the costly liabilities of failing to do so.

Social Advisory Services evaluates executive and director compensation by considering the presence of appropriate pay-for-performance alignment with long-term shareholder value, compensation arrangements that risk "pay for failure," and an assessment of the clarity and comprehensiveness of compensation disclosures.

Shareholder proposals calling for additional disclosure on compensation issues or the alignment of executive compensation with social or environmental performance criteria are supported, while shareholder proposals calling for other changes to a company's compensation programs are reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires advisory shareholder votes on executive compensation (Say on Pay), an advisory vote on the frequency of say on pay, as well as a shareholder advisory vote on golden parachute compensation. Social Advisory Services will vote against Say on Pay proposals if there is a misalignment between CEO pay and company performance, the company maintains problematic pay practices, and the board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders.

Social Advisory Services will evaluate whether pay quantum is in alignment with company performance, and consideration will also be given to whether the proportion of performance-contingent pay elements is sufficient in light of concerns with a misalignment between executive pay and company performance.

Social Advisory Services will vote case-by-case on certain equity-based compensation plans depending on a combination of certain plan features and equity grant practices, where positive factors may counterbalance negative factors, and vice versa, as evaluated using an "equity plan scorecard" (EPSC) approach.

**8. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings**

Mergers, acquisitions, spinoffs, reincorporations, and other corporate restructuring plans are evaluated on a case- by-case basis, given the potential for significant impact on shareholder value and on shareholders' economic interests. In addition, these corporate actions can have a significant impact on community stakeholders and the workforce, and may affect the levels of employment, community lending, equal opportunity, and impact on the environment.

**9. Mutual Fund Proxies**

There are a number of proposals that are specific to mutual fund proxies, including the election of trustees, investment advisory agreements, and distribution agreements. Social Advisory Services evaluates these proposals on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration recent trends and best practices at mutual funds.

**Shareholder Proposals**

**10. Shareholder Proposals on Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation**

Shareholder proposals topics include board-related issues, shareholder rights and board accountability issues, as well as compensation matters. Each year, shareholders file numerous proposals that address key issues regarding corporate governance and executive compensation. Social Advisory Services evaluates these proposals from the perspective that good corporate governance practices can have

------

positive implications for a company and its ability to maximize shareholder value. Proposals that seek to improve a board's accountability to its shareholders and other stakeholders are supported. Social Advisory Services supports initiatives that seek to strengthen the link between executive pay and performance, including performance elements related to corporate social responsibility.

**11. Shareholder Proposals on Social and Environmental Topics**

Shareholder resolutions on social and environmental topics include workplace diversity and safety topics, codes of conduct, labor standards and human rights, the environment and energy, weapons, consumer welfare, and public safety.

Socially responsible shareholder resolutions are receiving a great deal more attention from institutional shareholders today than they have in the past. In addition to the moral and ethical considerations intrinsic to many of these proposals, there is a growing recognition of their potential impact on the economic performance of the company. Among the reasons for this change are:

• The number and variety of shareholder resolutions on social and environmental issues has increased;

• Many of the sponsors and supporters of these resolutions are large institutional shareholders with significant holdings, and therefore, greater direct influence on the outcomes;

• The proposals are more sophisticated – better written, more focused, and more sensitive to the feasibility of implementation; and

• Investors now understand that a company's response to social and environmental issues can have serious economic consequences for the company and its shareholders.

Social Advisory Services generally supports requests for additional disclosures that would allow shareholders to better assess the board and management's oversight of risks in the company's operations. Social Advisory Services will closely evaluate proposals that ask the company to cease certain actions that the proponent believes are harmful to society or some segment of society with special attention to the company's legal and ethical obligations, its ability to remain profitable, and potential negative publicity if the company fails to honor the request. Social Advisory Services supports shareholder proposals that seek to improve a company's public image or reduce its exposure to liabilities and risks.

**We empower investors and companies to build**

**for long-term and sustainable growth by providing high-quality data, analytics, and insight.**

**GET STARTED WITH ISS SOLUTIONS**

Email sales@issgovernance.com or visit issgovernance.com for more information.

Founded in 1985, the Institutional Shareholder Services group of companies ("ISS") is the world's leading provider of corporate governance and responsible investment solutions alongside fund intelligence and services, events, and editorial content for institutional investors, globally. ISS' solutions include objective governance research and recommendations; responsible investment data, analytics, and research; end-to-end proxy voting and distribution solutions; turnkey securities class-action claims management (provided by Securities Class Action Services, LLC); reliable global governance data and modeling tools; asset management intelligence, portfolio execution and monitoring, fund services, and media. Clients rely on ISS' expertise to help them make informed investment decisions.

This document and all of the information contained in it, including without limitation all text, data, graphs, and charts (collectively, the "Information") is the property of Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (ISS), its subsidiaries, or, in some cases third party suppliers.

The Information has not been submitted to, nor received approval from, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory body. None of the Information constitutes an offer to sell (or a solicitation of an offer to buy), or a promotion or recommendation of, any security, financial product or other investment vehicle or any trading strategy, and ISS does not endorse, approve, or otherwise express any opinion regarding any issuer, securities, financial products or instruments or trading strategies.

The user of the Information assumes the entire risk of any use it may make or permit to be made of the Information.

ISS MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS for A PARTICULAR PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANY OF THE INFORMATION.

Without limiting any of the foregoing and to the maximum extent permitted by law, in no event shall ISS have any liability regarding any of the Information for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential (including lost profits), or any other damages even if notified of the possibility of such damages. The foregoing shall not exclude or limit any liability that may not by applicable law be excluded or limited.

------

**ISS**

**UNITED STATES**

**SUSTAINABILITY PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES**

**2022 Executive Summary**

**Published January 19, 2022**

**Table Of Contents**

**Introduction**

**Management Proposals**

Board of Directors

Board Responsiveness

Auditors

Takeover Defenses/Shareholder Rights

Miscellaneous Governance Provisions

Capital Structures

Executive and Director Compensation

Mergers and Corporate Restructurings

Mutual Fund Proxies

**Shareholder Proposals**

Shareholder Proposals on Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation

Shareholder Proposals on Social and Environmental Topics

**Introduction**

ISS' Sustainability Advisory Services recognizes the growing view among investment professionals that sustainability or environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors could present material risks to portfolio investments. Whereas investment managers have traditionally analyzed topics such as board accountability and executive compensation to mitigate risk, greater numbers are incorporating ESG performance into their investment decision making in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the overall risk profile of the companies in which they invest to ensure sustainable long-term profitability for their beneficiaries.

Investors concerned with portfolio value preservation and enhancement through the incorporation of sustainability factors can also carry out this active ownership approach through their proxy voting activity. In voting their shares, sustainability-minded investors are concerned not only with economic returns to shareholders and good corporate governance, but also with ensuring corporate activities and practices are aligned with the broader objectives of society. These investors seek standardized reporting on ESG issues, request information regarding an issuer's adoption of, or adherence to, relevant norms, standards, codes of conduct or universally recognized international initiatives including affirmative support for related shareholder resolutions advocating enhanced disclosure and transparency.

Sustainability Advisory Services has, therefore, developed proxy voting guidelines that are consistent with the objectives of sustainability-minded investors and fiduciaries. On matters of ESG import, ISS' Sustainability Policy seeks to promote support for recognized global governing bodies promoting sustainable business practices advocating for stewardship of environment, fair labor practices, non-discrimination, and the protection of human rights. Generally, ISS' Sustainability Policy will take as its frame of reference internationally recognized sustainability-related initiatives such as the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (UNPRI), United Nations Global Compact, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), Carbon Principles, International Labour Organization Conventions (ILO), Ceres Roadmap 2030, Global Sullivan Principles, MacBride Principles, and environmental and social European Union Directives. Each of these efforts promote a fair, unified and productive reporting and compliance environment which advances positive corporate ESG actions that promote practices that present new opportunities or that mitigate related financial and reputational risks.

On matters of corporate governance, executive compensation, and corporate structure, the Sustainability Policy guidelines are based on a commitment to create and preserve economic value and to advance principles of good corporate governance.

These guidelines provide an overview of how ISS approaches proxy voting issues for subscribers of the Sustainability Policy. Sustainability Advisory Services notes there may be cases in which the final vote recommendation at a particular company varies from the voting guidelines due to the fact that Sustainability Advisory Services closely examines the merits of each proposal and consider relevant information and company- specific circumstances in arriving at decisions. To that end, ISS engages with both interested shareholders as well

------

as issuers to gain further insight into contentious issues facing the company. Where ISS acts as voting agent for clients, it follows each client's voting policy, which may differ in some cases from the policies outlined in this document. Sustainability Advisory Services updates its guidelines on an annual basis to take into account emerging issues and trends on environmental, social and corporate governance topics, as well as the evolution of market standards, regulatory changes and client feedback:

**Management Proposals**

**1. Board of Directors**

ISS' Sustainability Advisory Services considers director elections to be one of the most important voting decisions that shareholders make. Boards should be sufficiently independent from management (and significant shareholders) so as to ensure that they are able and motivated to effectively supervise management's performance for the benefit of all shareholders, including in setting and monitoring the execution of corporate strategy, with appropriate use of shareholder capital, and in setting and monitoring executive compensation programs that support that strategy. The chair of the board should ideally be an independent director, and all boards should have an independent leadership position or a similar role in order to help provide appropriate counterbalance to executive management, as well as having sufficiently independent committees that focus on key governance concerns such as audit, compensation, and nomination of directors.

Sustainability Advisory Services will generally oppose non-independent director nominees if the board is not composed of a majority of independent directors and will vote against or withhold from non-independent directors who sit on key board committees. Sustainability Advisory Services will also vote against or withhold from the chair of the nominating committee, or other nominees on a case-by-case basis, if the board lacks at least one director of an underrepresented gender identity<sup>1</sup> or where the board has no apparent racially or ethnically diverse members. The election of directors who have failed to attend a minimum of 75 percent of board and committee meetings held during the year will be opposed. Furthermore, Sustainability Advisory Services will vote against or withhold from a director nominee who serves on an excessive number of boards. A non-CEO director will be deemed "overboarded" if they sit on more than five public company boards while CEO directors will be considered as such if they serve on more than two public company boards besides their own.

In addition, Sustainability Advisory Services will generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or potentially the entire board, for failure to adequately guard against or manage ESG risks or for lack of sustainability reporting in the company's public documents and/or website in conjunction with a failure to adequately manage or mitigate ESG risks. For companies that are significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters, through their operations or value chain<sup>2</sup>, Sustainability Advisory Services will generally vote against or withhold from the incumbent chair of the responsible committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) in cases where Sustainability Advisory Services determines that the company is not taking the minimum steps needed to understand, assess, and mitigate risks related to climate change to the company and the larger economy.

Sustainability Advisory Services generally supports requests asking for the separation of the positions of chairman and CEO, and shareholder proposals calling for greater access to the board, affording shareholders the ability to nominate directors to corporate boards. Sustainability Advisory Services may vote against or withhold from directors at companies where problematic pay practices exist, and where boards have not been accountable or responsive to their shareholders.

<sup>1</sup>Underrepresented gender identities include directors who identify as women or as non-binary.

<sup>2</sup>For 2022, companies defined as "significant GHG emitters" will be those on the current Climate Action 100+ Focus Group list.

**2. Board Responsiveness**

Sustainability Advisory Services will vote case-by-case on individual directors, committee members, or the entire board of directors as appropriate if the board fails to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares in the previous year. When evaluating board responsiveness issues, Sustainability Advisory Services takes into account other factors including the board's failure to act on takeover offers where the majority of shares are tendered; if at the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote; or if the board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the plurality of votes cast.

**3. Auditors**

While it is recognized that the company is in the best position to evaluate the competence of the outside accountants, Sustainability Advisory Services believes that outside accountants must ultimately be accountable to shareholders. Given the rash of accounting irregularities that were not detected by audit panels or auditors, shareholder ratification is an essential step in restoring investor confidence. A Blue Ribbon Commission concluded that audit committees must improve their current level of oversight of independent accountants. Sustainability Advisory Services will vote against the ratification of the auditor in cases where fees for non-audit services are excessive.

**4. Takeover Defenses/Shareholder Rights**

Topics evaluated in this category include shareholders' ability to call a special meeting or act by written consent, the adoption or redemption of poison pills, unequal voting rights, fair price provisions, greenmail, supermajority vote requirements, and confidential voting.

Sustainability Advisory Services will generally vote for management proposals allowing for the convening of shareholder meetings by electronic means, so long as they do not preclude in-person meetings. Companies are encouraged to disclose the circumstances under which virtual-only meetings would be held, and to allow for comparable rights and opportunities for shareholders to participate electronically as they would have during an in- person meeting.

------

Sustainability Advisory Services generally opposes takeover defenses, as they limit shareholder value by eliminating the takeover or control premium for the company. As owners of the company, shareholders should be given the opportunity to decide on the merits of takeover offers. Further, takeover devices can be used to entrench a board that is unresponsive to shareholders on both governance and corporate social responsibility issues.

**5. Miscellaneous Governance Provisions**

Sustainability Advisory Services evaluates proposals that concern governance issues such as shareholder meeting adjournments, quorum requirements, corporate name changes, and bundled or conditional proposals on a case- by-case basis, taking into account the impact on shareholder rights.

**6. Capital Structures**

Capital structure related topics include requests for increases in authorized stock, stock splits and reverse stock splits, issuances of blank check preferred stock, debt restructurings, and share repurchase plans.

Sustainability Advisory Services supports a one-share, one-vote policy and opposes mechanisms that skew voting rights. Sustainability Advisory Services supports capital requests that provide companies with adequate financing flexibility while protecting shareholders from excessive dilution of their economic and voting interests. Proposals to increase common stock are evaluated on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the company's past use of share authorizations and elements of the current request.

**7. Executive and Director Compensation**

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act requires advisory shareholder votes on executive compensation (Say on Pay), an advisory vote on the frequency of say on pay, as well as a shareholder advisory vote on golden parachute compensation. Sustainability Advisory Services will vote against Say on Pay proposals if there is an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance, the company maintains problematic pay practices, and the board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders.

Sustainability Advisory Services will vote case-by-case on certain equity-based compensation plans depending on a combination of certain plan features and equity grant practices, where positive factors may counterbalance negative factors, and vice versa, as evaluated using an "equity plan scorecard" (EPSC) approach.

**8. Mergers and Corporate Restructurings**

Mergers, acquisitions, spinoffs, reincorporations, and other corporate restructuring plans are evaluated on a case- by-case basis, given the potential for significant impact on shareholder value and on shareholders' economic interests. In addition, these corporate actions can have a significant impact on community stakeholders and the workforce, and may affect the levels of employment, community lending, equal opportunity, and impact on the environment.

**9. Mutual Fund Proxies**

There are a number of proposals that are specific to mutual fund proxies, including the election of trustees, investment advisory agreements, and distribution agreements. Sustainability Advisory Services evaluates these proposals on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration recent trends and best practices at mutual funds.

**Shareholder Proposals**

**10. Shareholder Proposals on Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation**

Shareholder proposals topics include board-related issues, shareholder rights and board accountability issues, as well as compensation matters. Each year, shareholders file numerous proposals that address key issues regarding corporate governance and executive compensation. Sustainability Advisory Services evaluates these proposals from the perspective that good corporate governance practices can have positive implications for a company and its ability to maximize shareholder value. Proposals that seek to improve a board's accountability to its shareholders and other stakeholders are supported.

**11. Shareholder Proposals on Social and Environmental Topics**

Shareholder resolutions on social and environmental topics include workplace diversity and safety topics, codes of conduct, labor standards and human rights, the environment and energy, weapons, consumer welfare, and public safety.

Socially responsible shareholder resolutions are receiving a great deal more attention from institutional shareholders today than they have in the past. In addition to the moral and ethical considerations intrinsic to many of these proposals, there is a growing recognition of their potential impact on the economic performance of the company. Among the reasons for this change are:

• The number and variety of shareholder resolutions on social and environmental issues has increased;

• Many of the sponsors and supporters of these resolutions are large institutional shareholders with significant holdings, and therefore, greater direct influence on the outcomes;

• The proposals are more sophisticated – better written, more focused, and more sensitive to the feasibility of implementation; and

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Investors now understand that a company's response to social and environmental issues can have serious economic consequences for the company and its shareholders.

While focusing on value enhancement through risk mitigation and exposure to new sustainability-related opportunities, these resolutions also seek standardized reporting on ESG issues, request information regarding an issuer's adoption of, or adherence to, relevant norms, standards, codes of conduct or universally recognized international initiatives to promote disclosure and transparency. Sustainability Advisory Services generally supports standards-based ESG shareholder proposals that enhance long-term shareholder and stakeholder value while aligning the interests of the company with those of society at large. In particular, the policy will focus on resolutions seeking greater transparency and/or adherence to internationally recognized standards and principles.

**We empower investors and companies to build**

**for long-term and sustainable growth by providing high-quality data, analytics, and insight.**

**GET STARTED WITH ISS SOLUTIONS**

Email sales@issgovernance.com or visit issgovernance.com for more information.

Founded in 1985, the Institutional Shareholder Services group of companies ("ISS") is the world's leading provider of corporate governance and responsible investment solutions alongside fund intelligence and services, events, and editorial content for institutional investors, globally. ISS' solutions include objective governance research and recommendations; responsible investment data, analytics, and research; end-to-end proxy voting and distribution solutions; turnkey securities class-action claims management (provided by Securities Class Action Services, LLC); reliable global governance data and modeling tools; asset management intelligence, portfolio execution and monitoring, fund services, and media. Clients rely on ISS' expertise to help them make informed investment decisions.

This document and all of the information contained in it, including without limitation all text, data, graphs, and charts (collectively, the "Information") is the property of Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (ISS), its subsidiaries, or, in some cases third party suppliers.

The Information has not been submitted to, nor received approval from, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory body. None of the Information constitutes an offer to sell (or a solicitation of an offer to buy), or a promotion or recommendation of, any security, financial product or other investment vehicle or any trading strategy, and ISS does not endorse, approve, or otherwise express any opinion regarding any issuer, securities, financial products or instruments or trading strategies.

The user of the Information assumes the entire risk of any use it may make or permit to be made of the Information.

ISS MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, COMPLETENESS, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS for A PARTICULAR PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANY OF THE INFORMATION.

Without limiting any of the foregoing and to the maximum extent permitted by law, in no event shall ISS have any liability regarding any of the Information for any direct, indirect, special, punitive, consequential (including lost profits), or any other damages even if notified of the possibility of such damages. The foregoing shall not exclude or limit any liability that may not by applicable law be excluded or limited.

------

**Appendix B – Portfolio Managers**

In addition to managing the assets of each fund, a portfolio manager may have responsibility for managing other client accounts of the applicable adviser or its affiliates. The tables below show, per portfolio manager, the number and asset size of (1) SEC registered investment companies (or series thereof) other than each fund, (2) pooled investment vehicles that are not registered investment companies and (3) other accounts (e.g., accounts managed for individuals or organizations) managed by a portfolio manager. Total assets attributed to a portfolio manager in the tables below include total assets of each account managed, although a portfolio manager may only manage a portion of such account's assets. The tables also show the number of performance based fee accounts, as well as the total assets of the accounts for which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account. This information is provided as of October 31, 2022. The funds had not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.

***Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC ("AUIM")*** <br>

**Transamerica Long Credit** 

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Portfolio Manager** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Registered Investment**<br> **Companies** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Registered Investment**<br> **Companies** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Other Pooled Investment**<br> **Vehicles** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Other Pooled Investment**<br> **Vehicles** | **Other Accounts** | **Other Accounts** |
| **Portfolio Manager** | **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed**<br>| **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed**<br>| **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed** <br>|
| Bradley D. Doyle, CFA | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |
| Chuck Foster, CFA | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |
| Sivakumar N. Rajan | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** |
| Bradley D. Doyle, CFA | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |
| Chuck Foster, CFA | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |
| Sivakumar N. Rajan | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |

---

**Transamerica UltraShort Bond** 

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Portfolio Manager** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Registered Investment**<br> **Companies** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Registered Investment**<br> **Companies** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Other Pooled Investment**<br> **Vehicles** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Other Pooled Investment**<br> **Vehicles** | **Other Accounts** | **Other Accounts** |
| **Portfolio Manager** | **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed**<br>| **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed**<br>| **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed** <br>|
| Brian Barnhart, CFA | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |
| Tyler A. Knight, CFA | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |
| Calvin Norris, CFA | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** |
| Brian Barnhart, CFA | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |
| Tyler A. Knight, CFA | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |
| Calvin Norris, CFA | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] | [ ] | $[ ] |

---

**Conflict of Interest**

AUIM manages separate accounts and other commingled pools for institutions as well as various affiliated entities. Affiliate relationships represent the majority of AUIM's assets under management. Conflicts of interest will arise when AUIM is acting on behalf of the accounts of different clients, including its affiliated clients. These conflicts include, but are not limited to:

• allocation of investment opportunities among clients;

• advice given or actions taken with respect to any of its clients may differ from the advice given or the timing or nature of action taken with respect to another client or group of clients;

• buying or selling positions in the same securities or in other securities within an issuer's capital structure when other clients are undertaking the same or differing, including potentially opposite, investment strategies;

• possession of material, non-public information that may impact the ability to acquire or liquidate client holdings; and

• compensation that AUIM receives from managing one client's accounts may be higher than the fees it receives from managing other accounts, or it may receive compensation based on the performance of certain other client accounts.

In each case, AUIM recognizes the responsibility to treat all clients fairly and consistently, and portfolio decisions made for unaffiliated accounts will be consistent, where applicable, with the decisions made for affiliated accounts. AUIM strives to mitigate conflicts between and among accounts through its trade aggregation and allocation policy and procedures. In addition to its trade aggregation and allocation policy

------

and procedures, AUIM seeks to manage conflicts of interest between and among other client accounts through AUIM's Code of Ethics and Conflicts of Interest policies, other trading-related policies and procedures, internal review processes, ongoing training, and senior management oversight.

AUIM also participates in a global research platform facilitated though a global sharing agreement with various Aegon Asset Management affiliates. AUIM independently manages investment strategies that separately utilize and depend on the global research platform. Additionally, AUIM provides investment research that it creates for its discretionary investment advisory clients to a non-discretionary affiliate client. Similarly, AUIM prepares investment research for its non-discretionary affiliate client that could benefit its discretionary clients.

Conflicts of interest, or at least the appearance of conflicts, may arise when portfolio managers from each firm invest or trade in the same securities or issuers on behalf of their respective clients. These conflicts can include the advance access to investment research that results in the preferential treatment or the possibility of preferential allocation of securities trading opportunities that have limited availability. AUIM has developed compliance policies and monitoring designed to reasonably ensure that its research-sharing activities comply with applicable regulatory requirements and address material conflicts of interest.

**Compensation**

As of October 31, 2022, each portfolio manager's compensation is provided directly by the sub-adviser and not by the funds. Each portfolio manager's compensation consists of a fixed base salary and a variable performance incentive. The performance incentive is based on the following factors: the economic performance of the overall relevant portfolio manager's asset class, including the performance of the relevant fund's assets; leadership and communication with clients; assisting with the sub-advisers strategic goals; and financial results from Aegon Asset Management Holding B.V., and Aegon NV.

The portfolio managers may also participate in the sub-adviser's long-term compensation plan, which is awarded as deferred cash notionally invested in select sub-adviser's strategies during the vesting period as described in the long-term compensation plan. Payout is based on a combination of personal employee, sub-adviser, Aegon Asset Management Holding B.V. and Aegon N.V. performance factors. Pay out from the long-term incentive occurs after a two or three-year vesting period depending on role, level and local remuneration practices and requirements.

**Ownership of Securities**

As of October 31, 2022, the portfolio manager(s) did not beneficially own any shares of the fund(s).

------

***Calamos Advisors LLC ("Calamos")***

**Transamerica International Sustainable Equity** 

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Portfolio Manager** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Registered Investment**<br> **Companies** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Registered Investment**<br> **Companies** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Other Pooled Investment**<br> **Vehicles** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Other Pooled Investment**<br> **Vehicles** | **Other Accounts** | **Other Accounts** |
| **Portfolio Manager** | **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed**<br>| **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed**<br>| **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed** <br>|
| James Madden, CFA | 1  | $6.71 million | 0 | $0 | 61  | $58.88 million |
| Anthony Tursich, CFA | 1  | $6.71 million | 0 | $0 | 61  | $58.88 million |
| Beth Williamson | 1  | $6.71 million | 0 | $0 | 61  | $58.88 million |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** |
| James Madden, CFA | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Anthony Tursich, CFA | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Beth Williamson | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |

---

**Conflict of Interest**

The portfolio manager(s) may invest for their own benefit in securities held in brokerage and mutual fund accounts. The information shown in the table does not include information about those accounts where the portfolio manager(s) or members of their family have a beneficial or pecuniary interest because no advisory relationship exists with Calamos or any of its affiliates.

The fund(s)' portfolio manager(s) are responsible for managing both the fund(s) and other accounts, including separate accounts.

Other than potential conflicts between investment strategies, the side-by-side management of both the fund(s) and other accounts may raise potential conflicts of interest due to the interest held by Calamos in an account and certain trading practices used by the portfolio manager(s) (e.g., cross trades between the fund(s) and another account and allocation of aggregated trades). Calamos has developed policies and procedures reasonably designed to mitigate those conflicts. For example, Calamos will only place cross-trades in securities held by the fund(s) in accordance with the rules promulgated under the 1940 Act and has adopted policies designed to ensure the fair allocation of securities purchased on an aggregated basis. The allocation methodology employed by Calamos varies depending on the type of securities sought to be bought or sold and the type of client or group of clients. Generally, however, orders are placed first for those clients that have given Calamos brokerage discretion (including the ability to step out a portion of trades), and then to clients that have directed Calamos to execute trades through a specific broker. However, if the directed broker allows Calamos to execute with other brokerage firms, which then book the transaction directly with the directed broker, the order will be placed as if the client had given Calamos full brokerage discretion. Calamos and its affiliates frequently use a "rotational" method of placing and aggregating client orders and will build and fill a position for a designated client or group of clients before placing orders for other clients.

A client account may not receive an allocation of an order if: (a) the client would receive an unmarketable amount of securities based on account size; (b) the client has precluded Calamos from using a particular broker; (c) the cash balance in the client account will be insufficient to pay for the securities allocated to it at settlement; (d) current portfolio attributes make an allocation inappropriate; and (e) account specific guidelines, objectives and other account specific factors make an allocation inappropriate. Allocation methodology may be modified when strict adherence to the usual allocation is impractical or leads to inefficient or undesirable results. Calamos' head trader must approve each instance that the usual allocation methodology is not followed and provide a reasonable basis for such instances and all modifications must be reported in writing to Calamos' Chief Compliance Officer on a monthly basis. Investment opportunities for which there is limited availability generally are allocated among participating client accounts pursuant to an objective methodology (i.e., either on a pro rata basis or using a rotational method, as described above). However, in some instances, Calamos may consider subjective elements in attempting to allocate a trade, in which case the fund(s) may not participate, or may participate to a lesser degree than other clients, in the allocation of an investment opportunity. In considering subjective criteria when allocating trades, Calamos is bound by its fiduciary duty to its clients to treat all client accounts fairly and equitably.

**Compensation**

As of October 31, 2022, Messrs. Madden and Tursich and Ms. Williamson receive all of their compensation from Calamos. They receive compensation in the form of an annual base salary, a discretionary bonus (payable in cash) and are eligible for discretionary deferred bonus payments, which fluctuate in value over time based upon the performance of certain managed investment products for investment professionals.

In addition to the forms of compensation described above, Messrs. Madden and Tursich and Ms. Williamson each receive additional payments. Also, Messrs. Madden and Tursich and Ms. Williamson are eligible to receive a percentage of the "Net Contribution Margin" which is defined as management fees received with respect to the assets managed by Messrs. Madden and Tursich and Ms. Williamson, minus expenses.

------

The existence of these separate asset or fee based payments could create a conflict of interest with regard to Mr. Madden's and Mr. Tursich's and Ms. Williamson's allocation of investment opportunities among the accounts for which they act as portfolio manager. Calamos maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to mitigate such conflicts of interest.

This compensation structure considers annually the performance of the various strategies managed by the portfolio manager(s), among other factors, including, without limitation, the overall performance of the firm.

**Ownership of Securities**

As of October 31, 2022 the portfolio manager(s) did not beneficially own any shares of the fund(s).

------

***Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. ("Westfield")***

**Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity** 

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Portfolio Manager** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Registered Investment**<br> **Companies** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Registered Investment**<br> **Companies** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Other Pooled Investment**<br> **Vehicles** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Other Pooled Investment**<br> **Vehicles** | **Other Accounts** | **Other Accounts** |
| **Portfolio Manager** | **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed**<br>| **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed**<br>| **Number** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Assets**<br> **Managed** <br>|
| Paul D. McHugh, CFA | 9  | $3.19 billion | 5 | $1.33 billion | 225  | $8.10 billion |
| William R. Gilchrist | 9  | $3.19 billion | 5  | $1.33 billion | 225 | $8.10 billion |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Based Accounts**<br> **(The number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts managed by each portfolio manager with**<br> **respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.)** |
| Paul D. McHugh, CFA | 0  | $0 | 0  | $0 | 22  | $1.67 billion  |
| William R. Gilchrist | 0  | $0 | 0  | $0 | 22 | $1.67 billion |

---

**Conflict of Interest**

The simultaneous management of multiple accounts by our investment professionals creates a possible conflict of interest as they must allocate their time and investment ideas across multiple accounts. This may result in the Investment Committee or portfolio managers allocating unequal attention and time to the management of each client account as each has different objectives, benchmarks, investment restrictions and fees. For most client accounts, investment decisions are made at the Investment Committee level. Once an idea has been approved, it is implemented across all eligible and participating accounts within the strategy.

Although the Investment Committee collectively acts as portfolio manager on most client accounts, there are some client accounts that are managed by a portfolio manager who also serves as a member of the Investment Committee. This can create a conflict of interest because investment decisions for these individually managed accounts do not require approval by the Investment Committee; thus, there is an opportunity for individually managed client accounts to trade in a security ahead of Investment Committee managed client accounts. Trade orders for individually managed accounts must be communicated to the Investment Committee. Additionally, the Compliance team performs periodic reviews of such accounts to ensure procedures have been followed.

Westfield has clients with performance-based fee arrangements. A conflict of interest can arise between those portfolios that incorporate a performance fee and those that do not. When the same securities are recommended for both types of accounts, it is Westfield's policy to allocate investments, on a pro-rata basis, to all participating and eligible accounts, regardless of the account's fee structure. Our Operations team performs ongoing reviews of each product's model portfolio versus each client account. Discrepancies are researched, and exceptions are documented.

In placing each transaction for a client's account, Westfield seeks best execution of that transaction except in cases where Westfield does not have the authority to select the broker or dealer, as stipulated by the client. We attempt to bundle directed brokerage accounts with non-directed accounts, and then utilize step-out trades to satisfy the directed arrangements. Clients who do not allow step-out trades generally will be executed after non-directed accounts.

Because of our interest in receiving third-party research services, there may be an incentive for Westfield to select a broker or dealer based on such interest rather than the clients' interest in receiving most favorable execution. To mitigate the conflict that Westfield may have an incentive beyond best execution to utilize a particular broker, broker and research votes are conducted and reviewed on a quarterly basis. These votes provide the opportunity to recognize the unique research efforts of a wide variety of firms, as well as the opportunity to compare aggregate commission dollars with a particular broker to ensure appropriate correlation. Westfield's Best Execution Committee also reviews transaction cost analysis data quarterly to monitor trading and commission activity.

Some Westfield clients have elected to retain certain brokerage firms as consultants or to invest their assets through a broker-sponsored wrap program for which Westfield acts as a manager. Several of these firms are on our approved broker list. Since Westfield may gain new clients through such relationships and will interact closely with such firms to service the client, there may be an incentive for Westfield to select a broker or dealer based on such interest rather than the clients' interest. To help ensure independence in the brokerage selection process, brokerage selection is handled by our Traders, while client relationships are managed by our Marketing/Client Service team.

Personal accounts may give rise to conflicts of interest. Westfield and its employees will, from time to time, for their own investment accounts, purchase, sell, hold or own securities or other assets which may be recommended for purchase, sale or ownership for one or more clients. Westfield has a Code of Ethics which regulates trading in such accounts; requirements include regular reporting and preclearance of transactions. Compliance reviews personal trading activity regularly.

Westfield serves as manager to the General Partners of private funds, for which we also provide investment advisory services. Westfield and its employees have also invested their own funds in such vehicles and other investment strategies that are advised by the firm. Allowing such investments and having a financial interest in the private funds can create an incentive for the firm to favor these accounts because our

------

financial interests are more directly tied to the performance of such accounts. To help ensure all clients are treated equitably and fairly, Westfield allocates investment opportunities on a pro-rata basis. Compliance conducts periodic reviews of client accounts to ensure procedures have been followed.

In addition to a base salary and a performance-based bonus award, Westfield's Marketing and Client Service team's compensation is based on a percentage of annual revenue generated by new separate accounts and/or significant contributions to existing client accounts but excludes any sub-advised or advised mutual funds. This incentive poses a conflict in that members of the team could encourage investment in a product(s) that may not be suitable. To mitigate such risk, team members are not incentivized to sell one product versus another. Nor do they have specific sales targets. Further, Westfield's new account process includes a review of client contracts and investment policy statements to ensure the recommended product is suitable prior to funding. Lastly, all incentive compensation is reviewed and approved by the COO and CFO.

**Compensation**

Members of the Westfield Investment Committee may be eligible to receive various components of compensation:

• Investment Committee members receive a base salary commensurate with industry standards.

• Investment Committee members are also eligible to receive an annual performance based bonus award. The amount awarded is based on the employee's individual performance attribution and overall contribution to the investment performance of Westfield.

• Investment Committee members may be eligible to receive equity interests in the future profits of Westfield. Individual awards are typically determined by a member's overall performance within the firm, including but not limited to contribution to company strategy, participation in marketing and client service initiatives, as well as longevity at the firm. Key members of Westfield's management team who receive equity interests in the firm enter into agreements restricting post-employment competition and solicitation of clients and employees of Westfield. This compensation is in addition to the base salary and performance based bonus. Equity interest grants typically vest over five years.

**Ownership of Securities**

As of October 31, 2022 the portfolio manager(s) did not beneficially own any shares of the fund(s).

------

**Appendix C – Securities Lending Activities**

No information is shown for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 as the funds had not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.

------

**TRANSAMERICA FUNDS** 

**OTHER INFORMATION** 

**PART C** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Item</u><u> </u><u>28</u>** | **<u>Exhibits</u>**  |

---

List all exhibits filed as part of the Registration Statement.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a) | [Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, filed previously with PEA 212 on December 23, 2015.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312515412711/d104081dex99a.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (a)(1) | [Amendment No. 1 dated March 11, 2021 to Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, filed previously with PEA 297 on April 30, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521144693/d97546dex99a1.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (b) | [By-laws, filed previously with PEA 89 on February 28, 2008.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000095014408001494/g11245bexv23wxby.txt) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (c) | n/a |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(1) | [Management Agreement between Registrant and Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM"), filed previously with PEA 213 on February 25, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516478301/d55097dex99d1.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(1)(a) | Amended Schedule A to Management Agreement between Registrant and TAM dated March 31, 2023, to be filed by amendment. |
|  | Sub-Advisory Agreements |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(2) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC dated March 22, 2011, filed previously with PEA 126 on April 29, 2011](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000093041311003368/c65436_ex99d-27i.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated May 1, 2015, on behalf of Transamerica Bond, Transamerica Floating Rate, Transamerica High Yield Bond, Transamerica Core Bond (formerly, Transamerica Intermediate Bond), Transamerica Multi-Managed Balanced and Transamerica Short-Term Bond, filed previously with PEA 213 on February 25, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516478301/d55097dex99d3i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated October 1, 2015, filed previously with PEA 216 on April 29, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516567853/d147534dex99d3ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated November 11, 2016, filed previously with PEA 236 on November 10, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516766063/d136098dex99d3iii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iv) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated July 2, 2018, on behalf of Transamerica Bond, filed previously with PEA 263 on August 30, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312518263300/d542315dex99d3iv.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (v) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated August 1, 2019, filed previously with PEA 274 on September 27, 2019.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312519257101/d552817dex99d3v.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (vi) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated January 6, 2020, filed previously with PEA 280 on February 28, 2020.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312520056101/d867172dex99d2vi.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (vii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated July 31, 2020, on behalf of Transamerica High Yield ESG and Transamerica Sustainable Bond, filed previously with PEA 287 on July 30, 2020.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312520204119/d696335dex99d2vii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (viii) | Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated November 1, 2022, to be filed by amendment. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ix) | Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated March 31, 2023 on behalf of Transamerica Long Credit and Transamerica UltraShort Bond, to be filed by amendment. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(3) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc., dated June 23, 2004, filed previously with PEA 63 on November 2, 2004.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000095014404010330/g91157exv99wxdyx2yxdddy.txt) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated March 1, 2016, on behalf of Transamerica Capital Growth, filed previously with PEA 213 on February 25, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516478301/d55097dex99d4i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated May 1, 2016, filed previously with PEA 274 on March 17, 2017.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312517087496/d355358dex99d4ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated October 18, 2019, filed previously with PEA 274 on September 27, 2019.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312519257101/d552817dex99d4iii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(4) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and BlackRock Investment Management, LLC dated November 1, 2018, filed previously with PEA 268 on December 19, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312518353345/d672989dex99d6.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated September 18, 2020, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99d4i.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(5) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Systematic Financial Management L.P. dated March 22, 2011, filed previously with PEA 126 on April 29, 2011.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000093041311003368/c65436_ex99d-36i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated October 31, 2013, filed previously with PEA 179 on October 30, 2013 on behalf of Transamerica Small/Mid Cap Value.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312513418853/d584524dex99d11i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated October 1, 2015, filed previously with PEA 216 on April 29, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516567853/d147534dex99d8ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated July 31, 2020, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99d6iii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(6) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. dated June 15, 2004, filed previously with PEA 63 on November 2, 2004 on behalf of Transamerica Mid Cap Value.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000095014404010330/g91157exv99wxdyx2yxvvy.txt) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(7) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. dated November 7, 2005, filed previously with PEA 72 to Registration Statement on November 8, 2005](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000095014405011258/g97829exv99wxdyxiiiy.txt). |

---

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated October 31, 2013, filed previously with PEA 179 on October 30, 2013 on behalf of Transamerica Multi-Managed Balanced.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312513418853/d584524dex99d18iv.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated October 1, 2015, filed previously with PEA 216 on April 29, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516567853/d147534dex99d11ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated July 31, 2016, filed previously with PEA 230 on September 29, 2016](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516725868/d214922dex99d11iii.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iv) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated November 11, 2016, filed previously with PEA 236 on November 10, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516766063/d136098dex99d11iv.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (v) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated August 1, 2017, filed previously with PEA 250 on December 19, 2017](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312517373478/d510341dex99d11v.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (vi) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated April 27, 2020, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99d8vi.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (vii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated November 1, 2022, filed previously with PEA 305 on October 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522272307/d370340dex99d7vii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(8) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. dated August 11, 2020, filed previously with PEA 292 on November 30, 2020.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312520305705/d19021dex99d9.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(9) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. Inc. dated November 1, 2018, filed previously with PEA 268 on December 19, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312518353345/d672989dex99d6.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement Assumption Letter between TAM and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. dated as of September 30, 2019, filed previously with PEA 277 on December 18, 2019](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312519317637/d841002dex99d11i.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated November 1, 2021 between TAM and Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99d10ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(10) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Wellington Management LLP dated September 15, 2008, filed previously with PEA 93 to Registration Statement on September 15, 2008.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000095014408007087/g13551bexv23wxdyx2yxqqqy.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated May 29, 2015, filed previously with PEA 213 on February 25, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516478301/d55097dex99d16i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated May 13, 2016, filed previously with PEA 230 on September 29, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516725868/d214922dex99d16ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated November 11, 2016, filed previously with PEA 236 on November 10, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516766063/d136098dex99d16iii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iv) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated December 1, 2018, filed previously with PEA 268 on December 19, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312518353345/d672989dex99d13iv.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (v) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated August 2, 2019, filed previously with PEA 274 on September 27, 2019.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312519257101/d552817dex99d12v.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (vi) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated December 19, 2019, filed previously with PEA 277 on December 18, 2019.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312519317637/d841002dex99d12vi.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(11) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC, dated July 22, 2021 (replaces previous agreement dated November 10, 2017), filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99d12.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(12) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Rothschild & Co Asset Management US Inc. dated December 1, 2020, filed previously with PEA 292 on November 30, 2020.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312520305705/d19021dex99d13.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(13) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Peregrine Capital Management, LLC on behalf of Transamerica Small Cap Value, filed previously with PEA 268 on December 19, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312518353345/d672989dex99d18.htm)v |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(14) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and MetLife Investment Management, LLC on behalf of Transamerica Emerging Markets Debt dated September 15, 2017, filed previously with PEA 251 on February 28, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312518063969/d489170dex99d22.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated July 2, 2018, filed previously with PEA 263 on August 30, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312518263300/d542315dex99d19i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated July 1, 2019, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99d15ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(15) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and ClariVest Asset Management LLC dated March 31, 2019, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99d16.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated September 18, 2020, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99d16i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(16) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Ranger Investment Management, L.P. on behalf of Transamerica Small Cap Growth dated December 31, 2020, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99d17.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated December 13, 2021, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99d17i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(17) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Belle Haven Investments, L.P. dated October 31, 2012, filed previously with PEA 165 on October 31, 2012 on behalf of Transamerica Intermediate Muni.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312512441750/d428697dex99d67.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated July 31, 2013, filed previously with PEA 176 on July 30, 2013 on behalf of Transamerica Intermediate Muni and Transamerica High Yield Muni.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312513310191/d539289dex99d42i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated February 2, 2016, filed previously with PEA 230 on September 29, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516725868/d214922dex99d28iii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated May 1, 2020, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99d18iii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(18) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Aegon Asset Management UK plc dated December 1, 2020, filed previously with PEA 292 on November 30, 2020.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312520305705/d19021dex99d19.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(19) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Kanye Anderson Capital Advisors, L.P. dated April 30, 2013, filed previously with PEA 173 on April 29, 2013 on behalf of Transamerica MLP & Energy Income.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312513182116/d483712dex99d44.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated February 2, 2016, filed previously with PEA 216 on April 29, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516567853/d147534dex99d31ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(20) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and PineBridge Investments LLC, dated March 1, 2014, filed previously with PEA 183 on February 28, 2014.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312514076248/d675140dex99d47.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated December 8, 2014 on behalf of Transamerica Inflation Opportunities and Transamerica Unconstrained Bond, filed previously with PEA 192 on December 3, 2014.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312514432405/d792352dex99d37i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (ii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated October 1, 2015, filed previously with PEA 216 on April 29, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516567853/d147534dex99d33ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iii) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated June 29, 2018 on behalf of Transamerica Inflation-Protected Securities, filed previously with PEA 263 on August 30, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312518263300/d542315dex99d26iii.htm) |

---

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (iv) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement Dated September 1, 2018 on behalf of Transamerica Inflation Opportunities, Transamerica Inflation-Protected Securities, Transamerica Large Core, Transamerica Large Value Opportunities and Transamerica Unconstrained Bond, filed previously with PEA 268 on December 19, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312518353345/d672989dex99d25iv.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (v) | [Amendment to Sub-Advisory Agreement dated August 28, 2020, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99d21v.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(21) | [Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Wilshire Advisors LLC, on behalf of the Transamerica ClearTrack series, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99d22.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(22) | Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Calamos Advisors LLC dated March 31, 2023 on behalf of Transamerica International Sustainable Equity, to be filed by amendment. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (d)(23) | Sub-Advisory Agreement between TAM and Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. dated March 31, 2023 on behalf of Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity, to be filed by amendment. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (e)(1) | [Underwriting Agreement between Registrant and Transamerica Capital, Inc. ("TCI") dated November 1, 2007, filed previously with PEA 89 on February 28, 2008.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000095014408001494/g11245bexv23wxeyx1y.txt) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (e)(1)(i) | Schedule I dated March 31, 2023 to Underwriting Agreement between Registrant and TCI, to be filed by amendment. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (e)(2) | [Dealer's Sales Agreement form between TCI and dealer, filed previously with PEA 106 to Registration Statement on November 30, 2009.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000095012309066922/g20660bexv99w23xeyx2y.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (e)(3) | [Service Agreement form between TCI and prospective Servicer, filed previously with PEA 31 to Registration Statement filed on September 2, 1999.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000101684399000905/0001016843-99-000905.txt) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (e)(4) | [Wholesaler's Agreement, filed previously with PEA 25 to Registration Statement filed on January 31, 1997.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/0000787623-97-000011.txt) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (f) | [Amended and Restated Board Members Deferred Compensation Plan dated January 12, 2010, filed previously with PEA 108 to Registration Statement on February 26, 2010.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000093041310001080/c59678_ex-f.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (g)(1) | [Custody Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated January 1, 2011, filed previously with PEA 126 on April 29, 2011.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000093041311003368/c65436_ex99g-1.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (g)(1)(i) | [Amendment to Appendix A-1 of Custody Agreement dated November 30, 2015 filed previously with PEA 213 on February 25, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516478301/d55097dex99g1i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (g)(1)(ii) | [Amendment to Custody Agreement dated December 17, 2012, filed previously with PEA 170 to Registration Statement on February 12, 2013.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312513051628/d483712dex99g1ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (g)(1)(iii) | Amended Appendix A-1 (Mutual Funds) to Custody Agreement dated March 31, 2023, to be filed by amendment. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(1) | [Amended and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between Registrant and Transamerica Fund Services, Inc. ("TFS") dated March 1, 2022, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h1.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(2) | [Amendment to Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement between Registrant and TAM dated as of March 1, 2022, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h2.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(2)(i) | Amended Schedules A and B dated March 31, 2023, to be filed by amendment. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(3) | [Master Sub-Administration Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated December 17, 2012, filed previously with PEA 170 on February 12, 2013.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312513051628/d483712dex99h4.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(3)(i) | [Novation Agreement dated April 7, 2016 on behalf of Master Sub-Administration Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company, filed previously with PEA 230 on September 29, 2016.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312516725868/d214922dex99h3ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(3)(ii) | Amended Schedule (Mutual Funds) dated March 31, 2023, to be filed by amendment. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(i) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – BlackRock ETF Trust, BlackRock ETF Trust II, iShares Trust, iShares, Inc. and iShares U.S. ETF Trust, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4i.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(ii) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4—American Funds Insurance Series and Capital Research and Management Company, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4ii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(iii) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – Fidelity Rutland Square Trust II, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4iii.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(iv) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – Vanguard Funds, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4iv.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(v) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – Global X Funds, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4v.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(vi) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, Invesco India Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Trust, Invesco Actively Managed Exchange-Traded Commodity Fund Trust and Invesco Exchange-Traded Self-Indexed Fund Trust, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4vi.htm)v. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(vii) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – ALPS ETF Trust, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4vii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(viii) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – VanEck ETF Trust, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4viii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(ix) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – WisdomTree Trust, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4ix.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(x) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – Schwab Strategic Trust, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4x.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(xi) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – The Select Sector SPDR Trust, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4xi.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(xii) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – SPDR Series Trust, SPDR Index Shares Funds and SSGA Active Trust, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4xii.htm) |

---

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (h)(4)(xiii) | [Investing Agreement pursuant to Rule 12d1-4 – SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust and SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF, Trust, filed previously with PEA 300 on February 28, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522057246/d254362dex99h4xiii.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (i) | [Legal Opinion, filed herein.](d449521dex99i.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (j) | n/a |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (k) | n/a |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (l) | [Investment Letter from Sole Shareholder, filed previously with PEA 24, filed on November 15, 1996.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/0000787623-96-000046.txt) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (m)(1) | [Amended and Restated Plan of Distribution under Rule 12b-1 dated March 1, 2015, filed previously with PEA 197 on February 27, 2015.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312515066473/d875351dex99m1.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (m)(1)(i) | Amended Schedule A to 12b-1 Plan dated March 31, 2023, to be filed by amendment. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (n)(1) | [Amended and Restated Plan for Multiple Classes of Shares dated November 1, 2022, filed previously with PEA 305 on October 28, 2022](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312522272307/d370340dex99n1.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (n)(1)(i) | Amended Schedule A to Multiple Class Plan dated March 31, 2023, to be filed by amendment. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (o) | Reserved |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(1) | [Joint Code of Ethics for Transamerica Funds and Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. dated October 15, 2020, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p1.htm) |

---

**SUB-ADVISERS CODE OF ETHICS** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(2) | [Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC and Aegon Asset Management UK plc, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p2.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(3) | [BlackRock Investment Management, LLC, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p4.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(4) | [J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc., filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p5.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(5) | [Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc., filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p6.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(6) | [Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P., filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p7.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(7) | [Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p8.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(8) | [Epoch Investment Partners, Inc, filed previously with PEA 280 on February 28, 2020.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312520056101/d867172dex99p9.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(9) | [Wellington Management Company, LLP, filed previously with PEA 280 on February 28, 2020.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312520056101/d867172dex99p10.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(10) | [Kayne Anderson Capital Advisors, L.P., filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p11.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(11) | [Systematic Financial Management L.P., filed previously with PEA 243 on February 28, 2017.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312517062694/d324595dex99p17.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(12) | [MetLife Investment Management, LLC, filed previously with PEA 154 on March 1, 2012.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312512092199/d306100dex99p26.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(13) | [ClariVest Asset Management LLC, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p14.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(14) | [Rothschild & Co Asset Management US Inc., filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p15.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(15) | [Ranger Investment Management, L.P., filed previously with PEA 159 on August 30, 2012.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312512375799/d365921dex99p31.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(16) | [Belle Haven Investments, L.P., filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p17.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(17) | [PineBridge Investments LLC, filed previously with PEA 280 on February 28, 2020.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312520056101/d867172dex99p19.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(18) | [Wilshire Advisors LLC, filed previously with PEA 299 on December 20, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521362094/d275661dex99p19.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(19) | [Peregrine Capital Management, LLC, filed previously with PEA 295 on February 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521059609/d47353dex99p22.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(20) | [Calamos Advisors LLC, filed herein.](d449521dex99p20.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (p)(21) | [Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P., filed herein.](d449521dex99p21.htm) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (q)(1) | [Power of Attorney, filed previously with PEA 299 on December 20, 2021](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312521362094/d275661dex99q1.htm). |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (q)(2) | [Power of Attorney, Board of BlackRock Fund Advisors, Inc. on behalf of S&P 500 Stock Master Portfolio, a series of the Master Investment Portfolio, filed previously with PEA 271 on April 30, 2019.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/787623/000119312519128071/d647386dex99q2.htm) |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Item</u><u> </u><u>29</u>** | **<u>Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with the Fund</u>**  |

---

To the knowledge of the Registrant, neither the Registrant nor any Series thereof is controlled by or under common control with any other person. The Registrant has no subsidiaries.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Item</u><u> </u><u>30</u>** | **<u>Indemnification</u>**  |

---

Provisions relating to indemnification of the Registrant's Trustees and employees are included in Registrant's Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust and Bylaws which are incorporated herein by reference.

Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons, or otherwise, Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification may be against public policy as expressed in the Act and may be, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer or controlling person of Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Item</u><u> </u><u>31</u>** | **<u>Business and Other Connections of Investment Advisers</u>**  |

---

------

See "Shareholder Information — Investment Manager" in the Prospectuses and "Investment Management and Other Services — The Investment Manager" in the Statement of Additional Information for information regarding Transamerica Asset Management, Inc. ("TAM"). For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature of each of the officers and directors of TAM, reference is made to TAM's current Form ADV filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, incorporated herein by reference (File No. 801-53319; CRD No. 107376).

With respect to information regarding each sub-adviser, reference is hereby made to "Shareholder Information — Sub-Advisers" in the Prospectuses. For information as to the business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature of each of the officers and directors of each sub-adviser, reference is made to the current Form ADVs of each sub-adviser filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, incorporated herein by reference and the file numbers of which are as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Aegon Asset Management UK plc <br>File No. 801-111656 <br>CRD No. 289505 | Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. <br>File No. 801-15757 <br>CRD No. 110353 |
| Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC <br>File No. 801-60667 <br>CRD No. 114537 | Peregrine Capital Management, LLC <br>File No. 801-21400 <br>CRD No. 110052 |
| Belle Haven Investments, L.P <br>File No. 801-62290 <br>CRD No. 29278 | PineBridge Investments LLC <br>File No. 801-18759 <br>CRD No. 105926 |
| BlackRock Investment Management, LLC <br>File No. 801-56972 <br>CRD No. 108928 | Ranger Investment Management, L.P. <br>File No. 801-62397 <br>CRD No. 124414 |
| Calamos Advisors LLC <br>File No. 801-29688 <br>CRD No. 105758 | Rothschild & Co Asset Management US Inc. <br>SEC File No. 801-5875 <br>CRD No. 110349 |
| ClariVest Asset Management LLC <br>File No. 801-66386 <br>CRD No. 139785 | Systematic Financial Management, L.P. <br>File No. 801-48908 <br>CRD No. 106146 |
| Epoch Investment Partners, Inc. <br>File No. 801-63118 <br>CRD No. 131556 | Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC <br>File No. 801-6273 <br>CRD No. 105726 |
| Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P. <br>File No. 801-37591 <br>CRD No. 107738 | Wellington Management Company, LLP <br>File No. 812-15908 <br>CRD No. 106595 |
| J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. <br>File No. 801-21011 <br>CRD No. 107038 | Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. <br>File No. 801-69413 <br>CRD No. 146990 |
| Kayne Anderson Capital Advisors, L.P. <br>File No. 801-46991 <br>CRD No. 104536 | Wilshire Advisors LLC <br>File No. 801-36233 <br>CRD No. 6210 |
| MetLife Investment Management, LLC <br>File No. 801-67314 <br>CRD No. 142463 |  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Item</u><u> </u><u>32</u>** | **<u>Principal Underwriter</u>**  |

---

(a) The Registrant has entered into an Underwriting Agreement with Transamerica Capital, Inc. ("TCI"),
whose address is 1801 California St., Suite 5200, Denver, Colorado 80202 to act as the principal underwriter of Fund shares.

(b) Directors and Officers of TCI:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Name<br>| Positions and Offices with Underwriter<br>| Positions and Offices with Registrant<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Timothy Ackerman | Director and Vice President | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Brian Beitzel | Director, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; David Cheung | Assistant Secretary | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mark Halloran | Director, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kristin Harding | Vice President | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Doug Hellerman | Chief Compliance Officer and Vice President | N/A |

---

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gregory E. Miller-Breetz | Secretary | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Jennifer Pearce | ice President | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vincent J. Toner | Vice President | Vice President & Treasurer |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Item</u><u> </u><u>33</u>** | **<u>Location of Accounts and Records</u>**  |

---

The accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder are maintained as follows:

(a) Shareholder records are maintained by the Registrant's transfer agent, Transamerica Fund Services,
Inc., 1801 California St., Suite 5200, Denver, Colorado 80202.

(b) All other accounting records of the Registrant are maintained at the offices of the Registrant at 1801
California St., Suite 5200, Denver, Colorado 80202 under the physical possession of the officers of the Fund, or at the offices of the Custodian: State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Item</u><u> </u><u>34</u>** | **<u>Management Services</u>**  |

---

The Registrant has no management-related service contract that is not discussed in Part I of this form. See "Shareholder Information — Investment Manager" in the Prospectuses and "Investment Management and Other Services — The Investment Manager" in the Statement of Additional Information for a discussion of the management and advisory services furnished by Aegon Asset Management UK plc, Aegon USA Investment Management, LLC, Belle Haven Investments, L.P, BlackRock Investment Management, LLC, Calamos Advisors LLC, ClariVest Asset Management LLC, Goldman Sachs Asset Management, L.P., Epoch Investment Partners, Inc., J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc., Kayne Anderson Capital Advisors, L.P., MetLife Investment Management, LLC, Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc., LLC, Peregrine Capital Management, LLC, PineBridge Investments, LLC, Ranger Investment Management, L.P., Rothschild & Co Asset Management US Inc., Systematic Financial Management, L.P., Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC, Wellington Management Company LLP, Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. and Wilshire Advisors LLC, pursuant to the Investment Management Agreements, the Sub-Advisory Agreements, and the Underwriting Agreement.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Item</u><u> </u><u>35</u>** | **<u>Undertakings</u>**  |

---

Not applicable

------

**SIGNATURES** 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 307 to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunder duly authorized, in the City of Denver, State of Colorado, on the 13<sup>th</sup> day of January, 2023.

---

| |
|:---|
|  **TRANSAMERICA FUNDS** |
|  By: /s/ Marijn P. Smit |
|  Marijn P. Smit |
|  Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer |

---

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Marijn P. Smit | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Marijn P. Smit | Trustee, President and Chief | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Marijn P. Smit | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Marijn P. Smit | Executive Officer |  |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Sandra N. Bane | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Sandra N. Bane | Trustee | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sandra N. Bane\* | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sandra N. Bane\* |  |  |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Leo J. Hill | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Leo J. Hill | Trustee | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Leo J. Hill\* | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Leo J. Hill\* |  |  |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Kathleen T. Ives | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Kathleen T. Ives | Trustee | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kathleen T. Ives\* | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kathleen T. Ives\* |  |  |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Lauriann C. Kloppenburg | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Lauriann C. Kloppenburg | Trustee | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lauriann C. Kloppenburg\* | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lauriann C. Kloppenburg\* |  |  |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Fredric A. Nelson III | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Fredric A. Nelson III | Trustee | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fredric A. Nelson III\* | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fredric A. Nelson III\* |  |  |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ John E. Pelletier | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ John E. Pelletier | Trustee | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;John E. Pelletier\* | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;John E. Pelletier\* |  |  |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Patricia L. Sawyer | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Patricia L. Sawyer | Trustee | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Patricia L. Sawyer\* | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Patricia L. Sawyer\* |  |  |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ John W. Waechter | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ John W. Waechter | Trustee | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;John W. Waechter\* | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;John W. Waechter\* |  |  |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Alan F. Warrick | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Alan F. Warrick | Trustee | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alan F. Warrick\* | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Alan F. Warrick\* |  |  |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Vincent J. Toner | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Vincent J. Toner | Vice President, Treasurer, Principal | January 13, 2023 |
|  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vincent J. Toner | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vincent J. Toner | Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\*By: | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Dennis P. Gallagher | Chief Legal Officer and Secretary | January 13, 2023 |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dennis P. Gallagher \*\* |  |  |

---

\*\* Attorney-in-fact pursuant to power of attorney as previously filed.

------

**Exhibits Filed With** 

**Post-Effective Amendment No. 307** 

**to** 

**Registration Statement on** 

**Form N-1A** 

**Transamerica Funds** 

**Registration No. 033-02659** 

**EXHIBIT INDEX** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit Number** | **Description of Exhibit** |
| (i) | [Legal Opinion](d449521dex99i.htm) |
| (p)(20) | [Code of Ethics – Calamos Advisors LLC](d449521dex99p20.htm) |
| (p)(21) | [Code of Ethics – Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.](d449521dex99p21.htm) |

---

## Ex-99.(I)

![LOGO](g449521g92h83.jpg)

January 13, 2022

Transamerica Funds

1801 California St., Suite 5200

Denver, Colorado 80202

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to Transamerica Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (the "Trust"), and on behalf of each of its series listed on <u>Exhibit A</u> hereto (each, a "Fund" and together, the "Funds"), in connection with the Trust's Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") on or about January 13, 2023 (the "Registration Statement"), with respect to each Fund's classes of shares of beneficial interest listed on <u>Exhibit A</u> (the "Shares"). You have requested that we deliver this opinion to you in connection with the Trust's filing of the Registration Statement.

In connection with the furnishing of this opinion, we have examined the following documents:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) A certificate of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, dated as of a recent date, as to the existence of
the Trust;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) A copy, certified by the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, dated as of a recent date, of the Trust's
Certificate of Trust, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the "Certificate of Trust");

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) A certificate executed by the Secretary of the Trust, certifying as to, and attaching copies of, the Trust's
Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (the "Declaration"), the Trust's By-Laws (the "By-Laws"), and the resolutions adopted by the Trustees
of the Trust at a meeting held on December 14-15, 2022, authorizing the issuance and sale of the Shares by the Funds (the "Resolutions"); and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) A copy of the Registration Statement.

In such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the conformity to the originals of all of the documents reviewed by us as copies, including conformed copies, the authenticity and completeness of all original documents reviewed by us in original or copy form and the legal competence of each individual executing any document. We have assumed that the Registration Statement as filed with the Commission will be in substantially the form of the copy referred to in paragraph (d) above. We have also assumed for the purposes of this opinion that the Declaration, the Certificate of Trust, By-Laws and the Resolutions will not have been amended, modified or withdrawn

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ![LOGO](g449521g77d33.jpg) | ![LOGO](g449521g77d33.jpg) |
| One Federal Street |  |
| Boston, MA 02110-1726 | ![LOGO](g449521g69m16.jpg) +1.617.341.7700 |
| United States | ![LOGO](g449521g75k87.jpg) +1.617.341.7701 |

---

------

Transamerica Funds

January 13, 2023

and will be in full force and effect on the date of issuance of the Shares. We have further assumed that the Shares will be issued and sold in accordance with the Declaration and the Resolutions.

As to all matters of fact, this opinion is based entirely on our review of the documents listed above. We have made no other review or investigation of any kind whatsoever, and we have assumed, without independent inquiry, the accuracy of the information set forth in such documents.

This opinion is limited solely to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act to the extent that the same may apply to or govern the transactions referred to herein, and we express no opinion with respect to the laws of any other jurisdiction or to any other laws of the State of Delaware. Further, we express no opinion as to any state or federal securities laws, including the securities laws of the State of Delaware. No opinion is given herein as to the choice of law or internal substantive rules of law which any tribunal may apply to such transaction. In addition, to the extent that the Declaration or the By-Laws refer to, incorporate or require compliance with, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or any other law or regulation applicable to the Trust, except for the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, as aforesaid, we have assumed compliance by the Trust with such Act and such other laws and regulations.

We understand that all of the foregoing assumptions and limitations are acceptable to you.

Based upon and subject to the foregoing and to the further assumptions and limitations hereinafter set forth, please be advised that it is our opinion that the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

This opinion is given as of the date hereof and we assume no obligation to update this opinion to reflect any changes in law or any other facts or circumstances which may hereafter come to our attention. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In rendering this opinion and giving this consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

 Very truly yours,<br>/S/ MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS LLP<br>MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS LLP<br>

------

**<u>Exhibit A</u>**

---

| |
|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **New Funds/Classes**<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transamerica Long Credit<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class C |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class I |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class R6 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transamerica UltraShort Bond<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class C |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class I |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class R6 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transamerica International Sustainable Equity<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class I |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class I2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class R6 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transamerica Sustainable Growth Equity<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class I |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class I2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class R6 |

---

## Ex-99.(P)(20)

![LOGO](g449521g01g10.jpg)

------

**Table of Contents** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | Page |
|  **UNDERSTANDING AND APPLYING THE CODE** | **3** |
| 1. Understanding the Terms | 3 |
| 2. Purpose of the Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy | 8 |
| 3. Scope | 8 |
| 4. Reporting Violations of the Code | 9 |
|  **CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE CODE** | **9** |
| **RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE AND DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION BY CALAMOS PERSONNEL** | **9** |
| 1. Insider Trading and Tipping | 9 |
| 2. General Prohibitions | 10 |
| 3. Material Nonpublic Information about Other Companies | 10 |
| 4. Public Disclosure of Information about Calamos, its Closed-End Funds | 11 |
| 5. Permitted Disclosures to Governmental Agencies and Entities and Self-Regulatory Organizations | 12 |
|  **REPORTING REQUIREMENTS** | **12** |
| 1. Initial Disclosure of Accounts and Covered Securities | 12 |
| 2. Confirmations and Statements for all Brokerage and Investment Accounts | 13 |
| 3. Quarterly Transactions Reports (Quarterly Account Statements) | 13 |
| 4. Annual Holdings Reports | 14 |
| 5. Certification of Compliance | 14 |
| 6. Report to Fund Board | 14 |
|  **THE PURCHASE AND SALE OF SECURITIES BY CALAMOS PERSONNEL** | **15** |
| 1. Pre-Clearance of Covered Securities Transactions | 15 |
| 2. Holding Period Requirement | 16 |
| 3. Trading Restrictions | 17 |
| 4. Trading Calamos Closed-End Funds | 18 |
| 5. Private Securities Transactions | 19 |
| 6. Additional Exceptions and Exemptions to Trading Policies, Procedures and Restrictions | 19 |
| **TRADING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR OUTSIDE TRUSTEES, UNAFFILIATED TRUSTEES, OUTSIDE DIRECTORS AND THEIR RELATED PERSONS** | **21** |
| 1. No Transactions with Clients | 21 |
| 2. No Conflicting Transactions | 21 |
| 3. Section 16 Reporting and Prohibitions | 22 |
|  **OTHER REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS** | **23** |
| 1. Outside Employment or Outside Business Activity | 23 |

---

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 2. Service as a Director or Officer | 23 |
| 3. Gifts and Entertainment | 23 |
| 4. Identifying and Reporting Conflicts of Interest and Other Ethical Concerns | 24 |
|  **RECORD RETENTION** | **26** |
|  **APPENDIX A: IN-SCOPE ENTITIES** | **27** |
|  **APPENDIX B: SECTION 16 INDIVIDUALS** | **28** |
|  **APPENDIX C: FIRMS WITH ELECTRONIC FEEDS TO FIRM'S COMPLIANCE MONITORING SYSTEM** | **29** |

---

------

**UNDERSTANDING AND APPLYING THE CODE** 

**1.**  **<u>Understanding the Terms</u>** 

Capitalized terms used in this Code have special meanings defined below. It is important for you to read and become familiar with each definition used in the Code.

**"Access Person"** 

Access Persons means any director, officer, employee of Calamos or an investment company advised or sub-advised by Calamos with the exception of Outside Trustees, Unaffiliated Trustees or Outside Directors or as otherwise provided under this Code. Access Persons includes consultants and agents to Calamos who have access to Material Nonpublic Information. **All** employees of Calamos and investment companies managed by Calamos are also Access Persons.

**"Automatic Investment Plan"** 

Automatic Investment Plan means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment Plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.

**"Beneficial Ownership Interest"** 

Beneficial Ownership Interest shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in determining whether a person is a beneficial owner of a security for the purposes of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("the 1940 Act") and the rules and regulations thereunder. As a general matter, you have Beneficial Ownership Interest in a Covered Security, defined below, if you have or share a direct or indirect Pecuniary Interest (as defined below) in the security, including through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise. Although this list is not exhaustive, you generally would be the beneficial owner of the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Securities held in your own name;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Securities held with another in joint tenancy, as tenants in common, or in other joint ownership arrangements;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Securities held by a bank or broker as a nominee or custodian on your behalf or pledged as collateral for a loan;
and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Securities owned by a corporation which is directly or indirectly Controlled by, or under common Control with,
you.

(See also the definitions of Immediate Family and Related Persons)

**"Broad-based Security"** 

A Broad-based Security generally refers to any security index that would not be classified as a

------

narrow-based security index under the definitions or exclusions set forth in the Commodity Exchange Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or that meets certain criteria specified jointly by the U.S. Commodities Futures Trading Commission and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Examples include but are not limited to; the S&P 500, NASDAQ-100, Wilshire 5000, Russell 3000, AMEX Major Market and the Value Line Composite indices.

**"Control"** 

Control means the power to exercise a controlling influence, which is intended to include situations where there is less than absolute and complete domination and includes not only the active exercise of power, but also the latent existence of power (e.g., the ability to exercise power). Anyone who beneficially owns, either directly or through one or more controlled entities, more than 25% of the voting securities of an entity is presumed to control that entity. In interpreting "Control," the CCO will interpret the term consistent with Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act.

**"Corporate Account"** 

Corporate Account means any account maintained by any Calamos entity for the investment in Covered Securities, including Calamos-sponsored registered investment companies.

**"Covered Security"** 

Covered Security means any stock, bond, future, investment contract, shares of closed-end funds, shares of open-end mutual funds for which Calamos is the adviser or subadviser, exchange traded funds, or any other instrument that is considered a "security" under the 1940 Act. The term "Covered Security" is very broad and includes items you might not ordinarily think of as "securities," such as: options on securities, indexes, and currencies; limited partnership interests; interests in a foreign unit trust or foreign mutual fund; municipal securities; interests in a private investment fund, hedge fund, or investment club; or any right to acquire any security such as a warrant or convertible. In addition, purchase and sale transactions of Covered Securities in any 401(k) plan (excluding the Calamos 401k plan and excluding percentage allocation changes or payroll deduction percentages) are considered transactions in Covered Securities.

The term Covered Security does not include direct obligations of the U.S. government (U.S. treasury bills, notes and bonds), money market instruments (including bank certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, commercial paper and repurchase agreements), shares of open-end mutual funds not advised or subadvised by Calamos or units in 529 College Savings Plans.

**"Fund"** 

Fund means an investment company, or series of investment companies, advised or sub-advised by Calamos.

**"Immediate Family"** 

Immediate Family means family members sharing the same household, which could include any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse or equivalent domestic partner, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, and includes adoptive relationships. (See also the definition of Beneficial Ownership Interest and Related Persons).

------

**"Investment Person"** 

Investment Person means each person who makes, or participates in making, investment decisions or recommendations for Calamos clients, or who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties with Calamos, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of securities by a client. Investment Person includes each Calamos portfolio manager, each research analyst, each support staff member working directly with portfolio managers and analysts, and each trader. This definition also includes outside consultants, contractors or agents hired by Calamos to perform investment related activities; as well as IT or systems' consultants who have access to trading or investment systems.

**"Material Information"** 

Information should be regarded as material if it could be important to decisions to buy, sell or hold a company's securities. Any information that could reasonably be expected to affect the price of company securities should be considered material. Material information can be positive or negative, and can relate to historical facts, projections, or future events. Material information can pertain to a company as a whole, or to divisions or subsidiaries of a company.

During the course of their employment, Calamos personnel might learn material information about many companies. Information dealing with the following subjects is likely to be found material in particular situations:

**Financial Related Subjects:** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Financial results

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Changes in earnings forecasts

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Unusual significant gains, losses or charges

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Significant write-downs in assets

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Significant changes in revenues

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Significant liquidity issues

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Changes in dividends

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Stock splits

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Stock repurchases

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Changes in debt ratings

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Significant new equity or debt offerings

**Corporate Developments:** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Proposals, plans or agreements, even if preliminary in nature, involving significant mergers, acquisitions,
divestitures, recapitalizations, or strategic alliances

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Major changes in directors or executive officers

**Product Related Subjects:** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Important new product offerings

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Significant developments related to a company's product offerings

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Significant developments related to a company's distribution relationships

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Significant developments related to intellectual property

**Other Subjects:** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Developments regarding significant litigation

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Developments regarding government agency actions

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Execution or termination of significant contracts

This list is only illustrative, and certainly is not all-encompassing. Many other types of information may be considered material. *When in doubt about whether particular information about another company is material, exercise caution and consult with the CCO or the General Counsel.*

**"Material Nonpublic Information"** 

Material Nonpublic Information is information that is not known to the general public, that, if known to the public, could reasonably be expected to affect the price of a company's securities, or be considered important in deciding whether to buy, sell or hold a security. It is often referred to as "inside information."

An Access Person who receives Material Nonpublic Information may not act on it nor share it. The information must be kept confidential. The Access Person should inform the Global Head Trader (or his designess in his absence) of the security so it may be added to the Restricted List until such time as the information is publicly released.

**"Nonpublic Information"** 

Information about a company is considered nonpublic if it is not available to the general public. In order for information to be considered available to the general public, it must have been widely disseminated in a manner designed to reach investors. This is generally done by the company issuing a national press release or making a publicly-available filing with the SEC. The circulation of rumors, even if accurate and reported in the media, does not constitute effective public dissemination.

**"Outside Directors"** 

Outside Directors means those directors of Calamos Asset Management, Inc. ("CAM") who are not officers or employees of CAM.

"**Outside Trustees"** 

Outside Trustees means those trustees of a fund who are not "interested persons" of the Fund, as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.

**"Pecuniary Interest"** 

Pecuniary Interest in a security means the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit or fees derived from a transaction in the security. An indirect Pecuniary Interest includes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Covered Securities held by a member of an Access Person's "Immediate Family". For example, you
would be presumed to have an indirect Pecuniary Interest in Covered Securities held by your minor child who lives with you but not in Covered Securities held by your adult child who does not live with you. You may request that a member of your
Immediate Family be excluded from the Code's reach by contacting the CCO and demonstrating why it would be appropriate. For example, it may be appropriate to exclude your adult uncle who lives with you from the Code's reach.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A general partner's proportionate interest in the portfolio's Covered Securities held by a general or
limited partnership.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A person's right to dividends that are separated or separable from the Covered Securities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A beneficiary's pecuniary interest in Covered Securities holdings of a trust and any pecuniary interest of
any Immediate Family member of such beneficiary (such Pecuniary Interest being to the extent of the person's pro rata interest in the trust).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;o Remainder interests do not create a pecuniary interest unless the person with such interest has the power,
directly or indirectly, to exercise or share investment Control over the trust.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A settlor or grantor of a trust (i.e., you establish the trust) if you reserve the right to revoke the trust
without the consent of another person, unless you do not exercise or share investment Control over the Covered Securities.

A shareholder will not be deemed to have a Pecuniary Interest in the portfolio Covered Securities held by a corporation or similar entity in which the person owns Covered Securities if the shareholder is not a controlling shareholder of the entity and does not have or share investment Control over the entity's portfolio.

**"Related Person"** 

Related Person includes your spouse or equivalent domestic partner, minor children, relative living in your home, and certain trusts under which you or a related party is a beneficiary or held under other arrangements, including a sharing of financial interest. **Calamos personnel are responsible for ensuring that their Related Persons comply with the personal trading and reporting provisions of the Code.**

(See also definitions for Beneficial Ownership Interest and Immediate Family.)

**"Supervised Person"** 

Supervised Person means any partner, officer, director (or other person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions) or employee of Calamos. It may also include other persons who provide investment advice on behalf of Calamos and are subject to Calamos' supervision and control. For purposes of this Code, all Supervised Persons are considered Access Persons.

**"Tipping"** 

Tipping is the disclosure of Material Nonpublic Information to another person in breach of a fiduciary or other obligation for the purpose of enabling the recipient (the tipee) to engage in insider trading or other improper activity. Tipping can result in liability for both the tipper and tipee.

**"Unaffiliated Trustees"** 

Unaffiliated Trustees means those Trustees of a Fund who are not affiliated persons of Calamos but are not Outside Trustees.

------

**2.**  **<u>Purpose of the Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy</u>** 

The financial services industry is highly regulated and is subject to many laws and regulations designed to protect investors. Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act, as amended and Rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the "Advisers Act") require that funds and advisers adopt a Code of Ethics that set forth standards of conduct and require compliance with federal securities laws.

Rule 17j-1 makes it unlawful for investment company personnel and other "Access Persons" to engage in fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative practices in connection with their personal transactions in securities when those securities are held or to be acquired by an investment company. The Rule also requires every investment company, the investment company's investment adviser, and, in certain cases, the investment company's principal underwriter to adopt a Code of Ethics containing provisions "reasonably necessary to prevent" such prohibited practices.

Calamos and its subsidiaries and affiliated companies are primarily involved in the investment management, registered investment companies, consisting of open-end mutual funds and closed-end funds (the "Funds"), and financial services industries. Therefore, the Firm is adopting this Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy (the "Code").

The Code outlines the fiduciary principles governing an investment adviser's fiduciary obligations to clients and personal trading by Access Persons of funds and investment advisers. These principles reflect:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The duty of Access Persons to place the interests of shareholders and clients ahead of their own interests;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The requirement that Access Persons comply with applicable Federal Securities Laws and to report any violations
of the Code promptly to the Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO") of Calamos;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The requirement that all Access Persons of a fund or investment adviser engage in personal securities
transactions in accordance with the Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individual's position of trust and responsibility; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The fundamental standard that Access Persons should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions.

The Code supplements the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and the Calamos Employee Handbook.

**3.**  **<u>Scope</u>** 

The Code applies to all directors, officers, employees and other Access Persons of Calamos. The Code also applies to any outsiders, including agents and consultants that have access through Calamos to Material Nonpublic Information. Supervised Persons are considered Access Persons under this Code.

Questions regarding the Code or its application to specific transactions should be directed to the CCO or General Counsel of Calamos.

------

**4.**  **<u>Reporting Violations of the Code</u>** 

Access Persons must promptly report any known or suspected violations of the Code to the CCO or General Counsel of Calamos.

A Supervised Person's reporting obligations do not prevent him or her from (i) initiating communications directly with, cooperating with, providing relevant information to or otherwise assisting in an investigation by any governmental or regulatory body regarding a possible violation of any applicable law, rule, or regulation; (ii) responding to any inquiry from any such governmental or regulatory body; or (iii) testifying, participating in, or otherwise assisting in an action or proceeding relating to a possible violation of any such law, rule, or regulation. A Supervised Person is not required to notify Calamos of any such communications, cooperation, assistance, responses to inquiries, testimony, or participation.

**CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THE CODE** 

Compliance with the provisions of the Code is a condition of employment of Calamos. Taking into consideration all relevant circumstances, the CCO and management of Calamos will determine what action is appropriate for any breach of the provisions of the Code. Possible actions include disgorgement of profits, monetary fines, letters of sanction, suspension of trading privileges, and suspension or termination of employment.

The Board of Trustees of any investment company for which Calamos Advisors LLC ("CAL") is the investment adviser or subadviser will determine what action is appropriate for any breach of the provisions of the Code by an Outside Trustee or Unaffiliated Trustee, which may include removal from the Board. The Board of Directors of CAM will determine what action is appropriate for any breach of the provisions of the Code by an Outside Director, which may include removal from the Board.

***It is the responsibility of each Access Person to make sure that a transaction in any Covered Security by any Related Person complies with the provisions of the Code.***

**RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE AND DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION BY CALAMOS PERSONNEL** 

**1.**  **<u>Insider Trading and Tipping</u>** 

Calamos Access Persons may not act on Material Nonpublic Information. Calamos Access Persons may not share Material Nonpublic Information, except in accordance with the provisions of the Code section entitled "Permitted Disclosures to Governmental Agencies and Entities and Self-Regulatory Organizations."

Legal penalties for trading on or tipping Material Nonpublic Information are severe. They include criminal fines, civil fines of several times the profits gained or losses avoided, imprisonment and private party damages. The penalties also may apply to anyone who directly or indirectly controlled the person who committed the violation, including the employer and its management and supervisory personnel. Significant penalties have been imposed even when the disclosing person did not profit from the trading.

------

In addition to these possible outside sanctions, Calamos Access Persons who violate prohibitions on insider trading or tipping will face additional action from Calamos itself, up to and including termination of employment.

**2.**  **<u>General Prohibitions</u>** 

Material Nonpublic Information is an important type of confidential information, but it is only one type of confidential information. Our clients and suppliers entrust Calamos with important information relating to their personal and business matters. The nature of these relationships requires Calamos' strict confidentiality and trust. In safeguarding the information received, Calamos earns the respect and further trust of our clients and suppliers. All employees, agents and consultants will be required to sign a Confidentiality Agreement at the time they are hired and this agreement carries an obligation to maintain strict confidentiality of confidential information, even after an Access Person's employment is terminated.

Any violation of confidentiality seriously injures Calamos' reputation and effectiveness. Therefore, except as permitted under the Code section entitled "Permitted Disclosures to Governmental Agencies and Entities and Self-Regulatory Organizations," personnel are not to discuss confidential Calamos business with anyone who does not work for Calamos, and should never discuss business transactions with another Calamos employee who does not have a direct association with the transaction. Even casual remarks can be misinterpreted and repeated; therefore, employees should develop the personal discipline necessary to maintain confidentiality. If an employee becomes aware of anyone breaking this trust, they should report the incident immediately to the CCO or General Counsel.

If someone outside Calamos or the employee's department asks questions regarding confidential matters, you are not required to answer, and you *should not* answer except as permitted under the Code section entitled "Permitted Disclosures to Governmental Agencies and Entities and Self-Regulatory Organizations." Instead, you should refer the request to the department supervisor or a member of senior management which includes the Chairman, CEO, General Counsel, Head of Human Resources, Chief Financial Officer and the CCO of Calamos (collectively, "Senior Management"). Inquiries to Calamos from Regulators should be immediately referred to the CCO or General Counsel.

No one is permitted to remove or make copies of any Calamos records, reports or documents without prior approval from management.

**3.**  **<u>Material Nonpublic Information about Other Companies</u>** 

Calamos personnel may become aware of confidential information concerning another company. This information may be Material Nonpublic Information and, as noted above, trading of securities, including futures or options of the company, based on this information is a violation of federal securities law.

Even after public disclosure of material information regarding a company, an insider with prior knowledge of the information must wait a period of one full trading day after the publication for the information to be absorbed before that person can treat the information as public.

For purposes of the Code, a full trading day means from the opening of trading on NASDAQ to the closing of trading on NASDAQ on that day. Accordingly, and by way of example, if an announcement is made before the commencement of trading on a Tuesday, an employee in possession of such information may trade in the company securities starting on Wednesday of that week (subject to any applicable blackout period and assuming the employee is not aware of

------

other Material Nonpublic Information at that time), because one full trading day would have elapsed by then (all of Tuesday). If the announcement is made on Tuesday after trading has begun on NASDAQ, an employee in possession of the information may not trade in the company securities until Thursday of that week. If the announcement is made on Friday after trading begins, an employee may not trade in the company securities until Tuesday of the following week. NASDAQ holidays do not count as trading days and will impact this schedule.

**4.**  **<u>Public Disclosure of Information about Calamos, its Closed-End Funds</u>** 

In the event any director, officer, employee, agent, or consultant of Calamos receives any inquiry from outside the company, such as from the media, a stock analyst or investors, for information that may be Nonpublic Information (particularly financial results or projections), the inquiry must be referred to the Director of Marketing other than where the communications are within the scope of the Code section entitled "Permitted Disclosures to Governmental Agencies and Entities and Self-Regulatory Organizations." Since Calamos' closed-end funds are also publicly traded, the same restrictions apply to disclosure of information about those products. The Head of Marketing is responsible for coordinating and overseeing the release of such information to the media, investing public, analysts and others in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including Regulation FD<sup>1.</sup>

In communicating with the general public, Calamos will observe the following practices:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Communications to the general public regarding Calamos should be made only by the Chairman, the Chief Executive
Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, or the Head of Marketing.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Calamos will not issue projections of, or comment on, future investment performance of itself or any of its products.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• All disclosure of material information made by Calamos about the closed-end funds will be broadly disseminated to
the public.

Ordinary communications of material information by and about Calamos generally will be through press release, through regular channels. The Firm will not issue materials regarding itself "for broker-dealer use only" or with similar restrictions; instead, any such materials will be distributed as press releases. If conference telephone calls to discuss material information are scheduled by Calamos with analysts, Calamos will provide adequate notice of the calls, and permit investors to listen in by telephone or internet web casting.

If any Calamos Access Person inadvertently discloses Material Nonpublic Information to analysts or other market professionals about the closed-end funds, open-end funds, Calamos is obligated to provide that information to the general public no later than 24 hours after the statement is made, or the commencement of the next day's trading on NASDAQ. The Head of Marketing and the Legal Department must be notified immediately of any such inadvertent disclosure that comes to the attention of any Calamos personnel. The same obligation applies if the disclosure is intentional.

------

<sup>1</sup> Reg FD – Regulation Fair Disclosure, promulgated by the SEC, mandates that all publicly traded companies must disclose material information to all investors at the same time.

------

**5.**  **<u>Permitted Disclosures to Governmental Agencies and Entities and Self-Regulatory Organizations</u>** 

The Code does not prohibit or restrict any person from reporting possible violations of federal, state, or local law or regulation to, or discussing any such possible violations with, any governmental agency or entity or self-regulatory organization, including by initiating communications directly with, responding to any inquiry from, or providing testimony before any federal, state, or local regulatory authority or agency or self-regulatory organization, including without limitation the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"), and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or making any other disclosures that are protected by the whistleblower provisions of any federal, state, or local law or regulation.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **REPORTING** | **REQUIREMENTS**  |

---

As part of its obligations under the securities laws, Calamos is required to obtain and maintain information about the trading activity of its Access Persons. Access Persons and their Related Persons are required to have personal trading accounts at brokers, dealers or banks with which Calamos has an electronic connection established so that information about account transactions is systematically sent to Calamos (eliminates paper statements). The Compliance Department maintains a current list of available firms, which is attached hereto as Appendix C. Access Persons and their Related Persons must transfer existing accounts to one of the available firms within one calendar quarter of the date of employment unless otherwise approved in writing by the CCO or General Counsel.

**1.**  **<u>Initial Disclosure of Accounts and Covered Securities</u>** 

When an Access Person *begins employment* with Calamos, the Access Person must, within 10 days, provide a holdings report regarding all investment or brokerage accounts with Covered Securities in which he or she has a Beneficial Ownership Interest. The information required should be input into the Firm's compliance monitoring system. This report must contain the following information which must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Access Person:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The issuer name and type of security, and as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of
shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership Interest;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any Covered
Securities were held for the Access Person's direct or indirect benefit; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The date that the Access Person submits the report. (This will be the date the report is submitted into the
Firm's compliance monitoring system.)

In addition, a current Access Person must notify the Compliance Department via the "Brokerage Account Pre-Approval" form within the Firm's compliance monitoring system and wait for approval from Compliance *BEFORE* opening a new investment or brokerage account in which the Access Person will have a Beneficial Ownership Interest. The Compliance Department will issue an approval for account opening letter to the brokerage firm and request that the account be added

------

to the electronic feed. Once the account is open the Access Person must disclose the details of the account by completing a "Brokerage Account Disclosure" form in the Firm's compliance monitoring system within 10 days.

**2.**  **<u>Confirmations and Statements for all Brokerage and Investment Accounts</u>** 

Until the electronic feed is set up, each Access Person is required to direct brokers, dealers or banks to supply to the Compliance Department, on a timely basis, duplicate copies of all confirmations of personal securities transactions and copies of periodic statements for all Covered Securities accounts in which he or she has a Beneficial Ownership Interest.

**You are responsible for ensuring initially that the Compliance Department receives these confirmations and statements and for following up subsequently if Compliance notifies you that they are not being received. The Compliance Department will direct you to close an account if it is not on an electronic feed.<sup>2</sup>** 

**3.**  **<u>Quarterly Transaction Reports (Quarterly Account Statements)</u>** 

Each Access Person shall report all personal transactions in Covered Securities in which he or she has a Beneficial Ownership Interest during a quarter to the CCO no later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter. Quarterly transaction reports shall include the following information for each individual transaction:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the date of the transaction, issuer name, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest
rate and maturity date, and number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security involved;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale, exchange, gift, or other type of acquisition or
disposition);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the account number; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the date that the Access Person submits the report.

In addition, each quarter an Access Person must review the list of accounts and certify its accuracy. If a new account was opened in the previous quarter, the Access Person must ensure the applicable information including the date the account was established and the name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the account has been established has been entered into the Firm's compliance monitoring system and is included on the list for which they are certifying.

In addition, quarterly transaction reports are not required to include transactions in Covered Securities made pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan and reported in broker trade confirmations or account statements received by the Compliance Department.

Note that although all Access Persons must complete the quarterly affirmation, specific information (quarterly transaction report) relating to trading activity need not be submitted under this section if it would duplicate information contained in electronic feeds.

------

<sup>2</sup> An exception may be made if the account is managed by a financial advisor and is held on a discretionary basis.

------

**4.**  **<u>Annual Holdings Reports</u>** 

On an annual basis, Access Persons are required to provide an annual holdings report to the CCO that contains certain information which must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted. Annual holdings reports shall be delivered to the Compliance Department between January 2 and January 30 of each year. This report must contain the following information:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the issuer name and type of security, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of
shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership Interest; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities
were held for the Access Person's direct or indirect benefit; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the date that the Access Person submits the report.

This report will be distributed to Access Persons annually via the Firm's compliance monitoring system in which they are responsible for reviewing and affirming to the accuracy of the information.

Note that although all Access Persons must complete the annual affirmation, the annual holding report need not be submitted if it would duplicate information contained in the electronic feeds to the Firm's compliance monitoring system.

The CCO's accounts and reports are approved and reviewed by General Counsel.

**5.**  **<u>Certification of Compliance</u>** 

The CCO shall annually distribute a copy of the Code and any amendment, and require certification by all Access Persons as described below. The CCO shall be responsible for ensuring that all personnel comply with the certification requirement. Each Access Person is required to certify annually that: (i) he or she has read and understands the Code; (ii) recognizes that he or she is subject to the Code; (iii) he or she has complied with the requirements of the Code; and (iv) he or she has disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported under the Code.

Any Access Person who has not engaged in any personal securities transaction during the preceding year for which a report was required to be filed pursuant to the Code shall include a certification to that effect in his or her annual certification.

**6.**  **<u>Report to Fund Board</u>** 

The CCO of the Calamos Funds shall provide an annual written report to the Board of Trustees of the Fund that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• summarizes existing procedures concerning personal investing and any changes in those procedures during the past
year;

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• describes issues that arose during the previous year under the Code or related procedures concerning personal
investing, including but not limited to information about material violations of the Code and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• certifies to the board that the Fund has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent its Access Persons
from violating the Code; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• identifies any recommended changes in existing restrictions or procedures based upon experience under the Code,
evolving industry practices, or developments in applicable laws or regulations.

In addition, the Fund CCO shall report to the Board of the Fund on a quarterly basis any material violations of the Code.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **THE** | **PURCHASE AND SALE OF SECURITIES BY CALAMOS PERSONNEL**  |

---

Persons involved in the financial services industry are subject to restrictions on the way in which they can buy and sell securities for their own accounts. These restrictions are imposed by the SEC and other regulators on the assumption that industry employees have a greater opportunity for access to Material Nonpublic Information than do employees in other types of businesses and have a fiduciary obligation with respect to trading vis-à-vis client accounts. All personal trading must be done in a manner consistent with the provisions of this Code.

**1.**  **<u>Pre-Clearance of Covered Securities Transactions</u>** 

EACH transaction in a Covered Security must be pre-cleared by the employee and approved by the Compliance Department via the Compliance monitoring system.

Access Persons and Related Persons must obtain approval from the Compliance Department before acquiring a Beneficial Ownership Interest in any Covered Securities, unless the transaction is subject to one of the exclusions below. If the transaction is not approved, the Access Person or Related Person shall not participate in the transaction in any manner, whether directly or indirectly.

For Investment Personnel certain of their trades (e.g. securities in their sector) may require approval by their team's CIO or his designee prior to the Investment Personnel's pre-clearance request via the compliance monitoring system. The written approval by the CIO should be attached to the pre-clearance request.

A pre-clearance request is submitted via the Firm's compliance monitoring system and reviewed by the Compliance Department, which will either approve or deny the request. If approved, the transaction may *not* be placed for a share amount greater than that which was pre-cleared. Generally any approved trade must be executed prior to the NASDAQ close the same business day when pre-clearance was approved.

When an Access Person *begins employment* with Calamos, the Access Person will be given a 10 business day grace period to sell their security positions in which the Firm is continuously trading. These trade exceptions must be pre-cleared via the Firm's compliance monitoring system and when denied, they will be approved by the CCO. The Access Person must receive the

------

approval from the Compliance monitoring system prior to making his/her transaction in his/her brokerage account.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exceptions** | **to the Pre-Clearance Requirement:**  |

---

The provisions of this Code are intended to limit the personal investment activities of Access Persons only to the extent necessary to accomplish the purposes of the Code. Therefore, the pre-clearance provisions of the Code *shall not apply to*:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• *Purchases* of shares of open-end mutual funds advised or subadvised by Calamos (sales must be precleared)<sup>3</sup>;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Purchases or sales effected in any account over which Access Persons or Related Persons have no direct or
indirect influence or control, including discretionary accounts and managed account programs. See "Exceptions and Exemptions to Trading Policies, Procedures and Restrictions" below for further discussion of the policies, procedures and
restrictions relating to discretionary and managed accounts;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Purchases or sales that are non-volitional on the part of either the Access Person or Related Person(including
transactions pursuant to preexisting Rule 10b5-1 plans, discussed below) such as assignment of options or an exercise of an option at expiration, This exemption does *not* apply to margin calls satisfied by the broker selling securities in your
account;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Automatic dividend reinvestment plan purchases;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Reoccurring automatic investment plan purchases (*<u>excluding</u> the initial purchase* of the covered
security);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Purchases affected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer *pro rata* to all holders of a class of
securities to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer, and sales of such rights so acquired.

**2.**  **<u>Holding Period Requirement</u>** 

The Code requires each Access Person to *avoid excessive, short-term and speculative trading* in their Covered Account(s) that may cause undue financial risk or reduce their effectiveness in carrying out responsibilities at Calamos. It is important to note that market fluctuation in leveraged securities may require you to liquidate within a relatively short window of time. Access Persons are further prohibited from conducting transactions for the purpose of market timing in any Covered Security.

To avoid instances of excessive, short-term and speculative trading, **a minimum holding period of 60 calendar days** is required from the time of purchase. For purpose of counting the 60 calendar days, the beginning of the holding period for all transactions starts with the most recent transaction or LIFO ("last-in-first-out").This prohibition includes short sales and applies without regard to tax lot considerations and without regard to profitability. The 60 day holding period may be waived by Compliance if the security is trading at a significant loss (20% or greater) from where

------

<sup>3</sup> Sales of shares of Calamos Funds or subadvised funds are subject to the pre-clearance requirement and cannot be made prior to the required 60 calendar day holding period. This excludes changes within your 401(k).

------

the Access Person purchased the security. The 60 calendar day holding period also applies to Calamos advised or subadvised open-end mutual funds.

If a long call option is exercised after being held for 60 days, the holding period for the equity shares resulting from the exercised option will be satisfied.<sup>4</sup> Please note these transactions must be precleared and meet the other requirements of the Code.

**3.**  **<u>Trading Restrictions</u>** 

The trading limitations described below are designed to prevent violations of the federal securities laws, as well as to avoid even the appearance of impropriety in trading by Calamos Access Persons.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **No Transactions with Clients** 

No Access Person shall knowingly sell to or purchase from a client any security or other property except securities issued by that client.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **No Conflicting Transactions** 

No Access Person, nor any Related Person shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Covered Security in which such persons has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership Interest (other than shares of an open-end fund advised or subadvised by Calamos) that the person knows or has reason to believe is being purchased or sold or considered for purchase or sale by a client, until the client's transactions have been completed or consideration of such transactions has been abandoned.

A security is being "actively considered": (a) when a recommendation to purchase or sell has been made for the client and is pending; or (b) with respect to the person making the recommendation, when that person is seriously considering making the recommendation.

A personal securities transaction of the same *(or equivalent<sup>5</sup>)* securities (excluding a Broad-based Security<sup>6</sup>) shall not be executed until the ***sixth business day*** following the completion of any transaction for a client.

The purchase and redemption of shares of any Calamos advised or subadvised open-end fund by an Investment Person, Access Person, Outside Trustee or Outside Director shall not be viewed as a conflicting transaction for the purpose of this section.

------

<sup>4</sup> The Firm's compliance monitoring system does not recognize the new shares resulting from the exercised option as an equivalent security. The system restarts the holding period when the shares are created.Therefore, if the Access Person wishes to sell the shares, the Access Person must contact the Compliance Department for approval of the "sell" request (All other trading rules apply).

<sup>5</sup> For the purposes of identifying an equivalent security, for individual entities, the Compliance Department will review client transactions at the issuer level. Therefore, a request for an equity purchase will be denied if a conflicting convertible security in the same name has been placed for a client within **five** business days. Barring any further activity or conflicts, the associate could trade on the sixth business day.

<sup>6</sup> Trades in Broad-based Securities require pre-clearance approval subject to the 60 day holding period.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **Restricted List** 

When Calamos has access to Material Nonpublic Information on a security, the security will be placed on the Restricted List. NO personal trading is allowed in the security until it is removed from the Restricted List. The trading and compliance departments are not required to answer your questions about what is on the restricted list.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **Event Specific Trading Restrictions** 

Calamos reserves the right to impose other trading restrictions from time to time on specified securities and on groups of its directors, officers, employees, consultants, Related Persons or the entire firm when, in the judgment of the General Counsel, restrictions are warranted. Calamos will notify those affected by such trading restriction, when it begins and when it ends. Those affected should not disclose to others the fact of such trading suspension.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **Other Trading Restrictions** 

Calamos reserves the right to impose other trading restrictions from time to time on types of securities, specified securities and on individual Access Persons, groups of its directors, officers, employees, consultants, Related Persons or the entire firm when the CCO, General Counsel, Chairman, or CEO believe it is warranted for any reason. These may be short-term or permanent restrictions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **No Initial Public Offerings or Initial Coin Offerings** 

No Access Person or Related Person, and as provided by FINRA Rule 5130, no director, officer, or registered representative of CFS, shall acquire a Beneficial Ownership Interest in any security in an Initial Public Offering ("IPO") or Initial Coin Offering ("ICO").

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **Margin Accounts** 

Although margining and pledging securities as collateral is not prohibited, ***it is strongly discouraged.*** In any margin or loan account, the securities used as collateral may be sold without your consent to meet a margin call or to satisfy a loan. If such a sale occurs when a security is on the restricted list, during a black out period or when you have access to Material Nonpublic Information, it may raise questions of whether unlawful insider trading and/or violations to the provisions of Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") have occurred.

If you are unable to meet a margin call, you must contact the CCO in advance of the call date to discuss plausible exit strategies.

**4.**  **<u>Trading Calamos Closed-End Funds</u>** 

**Closed-end Funds are Covered Securities and therefore require employees to obtain pre-clearance within the Firm's Compliance Monitoring System to purchase or sell shares of these funds.** In addition, those persons identified as Section 16 individuals (Appendix B) must consult and obtain approval from an attorney in the Legal Department, prior to engaging in such transactions and must notify the Legal Department on the day such transaction was effected so the appropriate filing can be made with the SEC. This excludes dividend or capital gain reinvestments pursuant to a dividend or capital gain reinvestment plans. Such notification is

------

required to meet reporting obligations under Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder. *See the Policy and Procedures for Filings under the Exchange Act Sections 13 and 16 for more information.*

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Private</u>** |  **<u>Securities Transactions</u>**  |

---

No Access Person shall acquire a Beneficial Ownership Interest in any security in a private securities transaction without the *express written prior approval* of the Chairman or CEO of Calamos (FINRA Rule 3280). Access persons must notify the Compliance Department via the Firm's compliance monitoring system and await receipt of the written approval before engaging in any private securities transaction.

Private securities transactions are any non-publicly-traded securities transactions outside the regular course or scope of your employment with Calamos including, but not limited to, transactions in unregistered offerings of securities, and purchases or sales of limited partnership interests.

In deciding whether that approval should be granted, consideration will be given to whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for clients and whether the opportunity has been offered because of the person's relationship with Calamos or its clients.

An Investment Person who holds a private security must disclose that investment to a Co-Chief Investment Officer *and* the CCO if he or she later participates in consideration of an investment in that issuer for a client's account. Any investment decision for the client relating to that security must be made by *other* Investment Persons.

**5.**  **<u>Additional Exceptions and Exemptions to Trading Policies, Procedures and Restrictions</u>** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **Discretionary and Managed Account Exemptions** 

Security transactions in an account in which an Access Person or a Related Person has a Beneficial Ownership Interest shall not be subject to the prohibitions of the Code *if* the Access Person or a Related Person **has no direct or indirect influence or control over the account** (i.e., the account is managed on a discretionary basis) and the Access Person or Related Person does not have knowledge of the transaction until after it has been executed and provided the Access Person has previously identified the account to the Compliance Department via the Firm's compliance monitoring system.

Discretionary Accounts must be requested within the Compliance monitoring system and approved by Compliance. In order for an account to be deemed discretionary, supporting documentation must be provided, from the financial adviser of the discretionary or managed account as well as a copy of the most recent account statement.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•**  ***De Minimis* Exceptions** 

Purchases or sales in an amount of no more than $10, 0007 in a Covered Security8 of an issuer (other than shares of mutual funds) that has a market capitalization of at least $100 billion are exempt from the prohibitions with respect to whether Calamos is trading the same or equivalent security for the accounts of its clients, however pre-clearance is still required. Further, trades falling within this *de minimis* exception still must be reported pursuant to the requirements of this Code.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **Hardships or other Exceptions** 

Under unusual circumstances, such as a personal financial emergency, or when it is determined that no conflict of interest or other breach of duty is involved, application for an exemption from certain restrictions on trading (but not pre-clearance or reporting requirements) under this Code may be made to the CCO, which application may be denied or granted in the CCO's discretion. To request consideration of an exemption, submit a written request containing details on your circumstances and the reason(s) for the exception requested.

The CCO may approve such exceptions from the Code applicable to an individual, based on the unique circumstances of such individual and based on a determination that the exceptions can be granted (i) consistent with the individual's fiduciary obligations to clients and (ii) pursuant to procedures that are reasonably designed to avoid a conflict of interest for the individual.

In addition, the CCO may exempt from Access Person status any individual or class of individual employee that is not required under Rule 204A-1 or Rule 17j-1 to be covered by the Code in circumstances that are deemed likely to not raise any conflicts with Calamos clients.

Any such exceptions shall be subject to such additional procedures, reviews and reporting as determined appropriate by the CCO in connection with granting such exception.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **Corporate Accounts Hedging Transactions** 

CAM, Calamos Investments LLC ("CILLC"), Calamos Family Partners, Inc. ("CFP") and its owners ("Calamos Family") may invest in and hedge<sup>9</sup> investments made by them in products managed by Calamos to support the continued growth of our investment products and strategies, including investments to seed new products. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in this Code, investments, and the corresponding hedging transactions, made by CAM, CILLC, CFP and the Calamos Family in Calamos products (excluding Closed-End Funds) are not subject to the substantive restrictions in this Code, such as the short term trading ban. However, the hedging transactions are subject to pre-clearance by the Corporate Investment Committee. The Adviser's CCO and Funds' CCO are copied in the approval process. In addition, these entities do not

------

<sup>7</sup> May not exceed an aggregate of $10,000 within 30 calendar days. In calculating the value of options for purposes of the *de minimis* exception, the calculation is based on the market value of the shares underlying the option contract (notional value), and not the value of the option contract itself.

<sup>8</sup> This excludes trades in Broad-based Securities which require pre-clearance approval subject to the 60 day holding period.

<sup>9</sup> For purposes of the Code, hedging transactions, or a series of hedging transactions, are defined as instruments used to reduce the overall risk and volatility of investments made in Calamos products only. The instruments used to complete the hedging transactions must be Broad-based Securities which can be long and/or short instruments that may include, but not limited to, indices, ETFs, and futures as well as options on these instruments. Hedging transactions may also include index collars which are commonly employed in order to add downside protection while making a trade-off and limiting upside profit potential by writing calls to help finance the cost of the puts.

------

receive preferential treatment over clients (They may, however, be traded together with discretionary client transactions).

The General Counsel may approve additional strategies or instruments based on unusual market circumstances and on the determination that the transactions would not impact the broader market or conflict with any client activity.

**TRADING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR OUTSIDE TRUSTEES, UNAFFILIATED TRUSTEES, OUTSIDE DIRECTORS AND THEIR RELATED PERSONS** 

Although an Outside Trustee, or an Unaffiliated Trustee, or Outside Director are generally exempt from certain reporting requirements, they are required to file quarterly transaction reports under certain circumstances. They shall report in writing to the CCO of the Calamos Funds, within 30 days after the end of a calendar quarter, any transaction by him or her or a Related Person in a Covered Security if, at the time of the transaction he or she knew, or in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her duties as a Trustee or Director should have known, that on the day of the transaction or within 15 days before or after that day a purchase or sale of that Covered Security was made by or considered for a Fund. Such reporting, if required, shall contain the same information required for Access Persons (as described above in the Section entitled: "Reporting Requirements").

An Outside Trustee or Unaffiliated Trustee or Related Persons shall also report in writing to the Fund CCO and the Calamos Legal Department , for the filing of Form 3 and Form 4, **<u>within one business day</u>**, any personal securities transaction by him or her or a Related Person of any of him or her in shares of Calamos Closed-End Funds. Such reporting is required to meet obligations under Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder.

**1.**  **<u>No Transactions with Clients</u>** 

No Outside Trustee or Related Persons shall knowingly sell to or purchase from a client any security or other property except securities issued by that client.

**2.**  **<u>No Conflicting Transactions</u>** 

No Outside Director, Outside Trustee, Unaffiliated Trustee nor any Related Person of any of them**,** shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Covered Security in which such persons has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership Interest (other than shares of an open-end fund advised or subadvised by Calamos) that the person knows or has reason to believe is being purchased or sold or considered for purchase or sale by a client, until the client's transactions have been completed or consideration of such transactions has been abandoned.

A security is being "actively considered" (a) when a recommendation to purchase or sell has been made for the client and is pending or (b) with respect to the person making the recommendation, when that person is seriously considering making the recommendation.

------

Absent extraordinary circumstances, a personal securities transaction of the same *(or equivalent<sup>10</sup>)* securities (excluding a Broad-based Security) shall not be executed until the ***<u>sixth business day</u>*** following the completion of any transaction for a client.

The purchase and sale of shares of any open-end fund advised or subadvised by Calamos by an Investment Person, Outside Trustee, Outside Director or Related Persons shall not be viewed as a conflicting transaction for the purpose of this section.

A purchase or sale of securities in an account in which an Outside Trustee or a Related Person has a Beneficial Ownership Interest shall not be subject to the prohibitions of the Code if the Outside Trustee or a Related Person of the Outside Trustee **has no direct or indirect influence or control over the account** (i.e., the account is managed on a discretionary basis by someone other than the Outside Trustee or the Related Person, and the Outside Trustee or Related Person does not have knowledge of the transaction until after it has been executed).

**3.**  **<u>Section 16 Reporting and Prohibitions</u>** 

Under the requirements of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder, certain parties are required to report any transactions in the Calamos Advised Closed-End Funds or other than acquisitions resulting from the reinvestment of dividends or interest pursuant to a dividend or interest reinvestment plan.

These persons include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• CEO

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Funds principal financial officer or principal accounting officer

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Any trustee of the Funds, including Outside Trustees

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Any directors of CAM, including Outside Directors

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Any vice-president of Calamos in charge of a principal business unit, division or function (such as sales,
administration or finance)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Any other officer or person of Calamos who performs a policy-making function

Individuals subject to this requirement are listed in Appendix B, which may be amended from time to time.

Directors, officers and principal shareholders of the Funds are subject to the "short swing" trading provisions of Section 16. Subject to certain exceptions, an officer, director or principal shareholder who engages in any combination of purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of the Funds within any period of less than six months must turn over to the Funds any profit realized or loss avoided by such a combination of transactions. ***This is an absolute penalty imposed by law, and it is imposed regardless of any intention on the part of the director, officer or owner***.

Transactions of Immediate Family members of the persons listed above are generally subject to the reporting requirements, on the theory that such persons will financially benefit from these transactions.

------

<sup>10</sup> For the purposes of identifying an equivalent security, for individual entities, the Compliance Department will review client transactions at the issuer level. Therefore, a request for an equity purchase will be denied if a conflicting convertible security in the same name has been placed for a client within **five** business days. Barring any further activity or conflicts, the associate could trade on the sixth business day.

------

These persons must also file an Initial Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities (known as "Form 3") to report share ownership, or when becoming a reporting party, and Statement of Changes of Beneficial Ownership of Securities (known as "Form 4") for subsequent reports of transactions. Although the Legal Department is prepared to assist these persons in preparing such filings, *the responsibility for such filings*, including notifying the Legal Department of the transaction and obtaining prior approval, as stated above, *is that of the individual.* 

**OTHER REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS** 

Certain other restrictions are imposed upon Calamos personnel, other than Outside Trustees, Unaffiliated Trustees and Outside Directors, as a result of being in a highly regulated industry.

**1.**  **<u>Outside Employment or Outside Business Activity</u>** 

What employees do outside the office on their own time is their business as long as it does not reflect negatively on or otherwise conflict with the company and its activities. However, for full-time employees of Calamos, it is expected that their position with the company is their primary employment. Any outside activity must not interfere with an employee's ability to properly perform his or her job responsibilities.

Personnel contemplating a second job or other outside activity must notify their supervisor immediately. The supervisor will thoroughly discuss this opportunity with the employee to ensure it will not interfere with job performance at Calamos, nor pose a conflict of interest. All outside business activities must be preapproved by your supervisor and reported to the CCO via the Firm's compliance monitoring system *before* you engage in the activity.

**2.**  **<u>Service as a Director or Officer</u>** 

No Access Person may serve as a member of the board of directors or trustees, or as an officer, of any publicly-held company without the prior written approval of the Chairman, CEO, President or the CCO, based on a determination that the board service would not be inconsistent with the interests of Calamos clients. If an Investment Person is serving as a board member, that Investment Person shall not participate in making investment decisions relating to the securities of the company on whose board he or she sits. Because of the potential for real or apparent conflicts of interests, such service is strongly discouraged.

**3.**  **<u>Gifts and Entertainment</u>** 

Conflicts of interest may arise when employees are presented with gifts or entertainment from persons doing business with Calamos or hoping to do business with same. The Advisers Act as well as the 1940 Act require that Firms address these potential conflicts by adopting policies and procedures pertaining to Gifts and Entertainment. If a conflict does arise, the burden of proof falls on Calamos to prove they acted in the best interest of the client(s). So if ever there is a doubt regarding if a conflict exists, an employee should assume a conflict does exist, and therefore, he or she should not give or accept a gift or entertainment.

Regulations require Calamos to monitor gifts and entertainment. See also the separate policy on Gifts and Entertainment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **Gifts** 

------

Employees may not give or receive a gift with a value greater than $100 per year, per giver or recipient. If multiple gifts are given or received, their combined value may not exceed $100 per year.

Cash or cash equivalents are not allowed to be given or accepted. This includes a gift card that may be converted into cash. Any gift accepted must only be accepted by an employee who is certain that there is no conflict of interest, or appearance of same, raised by the acceptance of such gift. No gifts in poor taste may be given or accepted.

Pre-approval is required when giving gifts. An employee should enter the gift via the Firm's compliance monitoring system providing the recipient name, title, and company, as well as a description of the gift and its actual or estimated value. The employee must await approval from the Compliance Department *before* giving the gift.

Gifts *received* must be reported upon occurrence to the Compliance Department via the Firm's compliance monitoring system. The reporting should include the name of the giver, with title and company name as well as a description of the gift and its' actual or estimated value. The CCO reserves the right to require the employee to return any gift if it determines such return is appropriate.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**•** **Entertainment** 

Entertainment provided or accepted must be appropriate and reasonable. The employee must consider any conflicts or potential conflicts prior to providing or participating in entertainment.

Employees may obtain Calamos owned tickets to, for example, a sporting event. When the tickets are used by an employee with a client or vendor, it is considered entertainment. If the employee gives the tickets to a client (or vendor, etc.) and does not attend the event himself, the tickets are considered a gift and the $100 limit applies. The same is true if a Calamos employee accepts tickets from a client or vendor and attends the event without that client or vendor, this is a gift and it should be pre-approved by the Compliance Department.

An employee should not provide or accept entertainment to or from the same client (or vendor, etc.) on a frequent basis. Invitations for excessive or extravagant entertainment must be declined. If such entertainment is accepted inadvertently, it must be reported to the Compliance Department via the Firm's compliance monitoring system.

**4.**  **<u>Identifying and Reporting Conflicts of Interest and Other Ethical Concerns</u>** 

Calamos believes that the interests of Calamos and its clients can and should be aligned, despite the potential for conflicts of interest in the investment adviser/client relationship. In addition to being in the best interests of our clients to avoid conflicts of interest, it is in the best interest of Calamos itself to avoid actual and even, if possible, potential conflicts of interest.

In a company of our size and complexity, it can become difficult to identify conflicts of interest and other potential problems. But identification is the first and most necessary step in resolving those issues. Calamos believes that those dealing with the details of running its business operations are in just as good a position – often a better one – as Calamos management to identify potential problems.

------

All Calamos employees have an interest in identifying and solving potential problems. Each employee should feel free to raise questions and analyze what he or she is doing. In the end, Calamos is paying all of us to think and use our best judgment, and that includes raising questions and joining the discussion that shapes our business policies and practices. If any person subject to the Code is concerned about an apparent conflict of interest, or any other legal or ethical question involving our businesses, that person should raise their concerns with the CCO or General Counsel.

An employee may report concerns directly to his or her manager or to Senior Management". Calamos encourages open-door, in-person reporting of concerns but also recognizes that some individuals may feel uncomfortable raising issues, especially if they question the propriety of something that is occurring. Thus, as an alternative to direct reporting, a person may report concerns via EthicsPoint, which is an independent third-party service provider contracted to facilitate anonymous reporting of concerns. Ethics Point is described more completely on the Calamos intranet site and also is accessible through <u>https://secure.ethicspoint.com/domain/media/en/gui/6143/index.html</u>.

Calamos will not tolerate retaliation in any form against employees, contractors or agents who in good faith report actual or suspected concerns under this policy or against individuals who assist in the investigation of reported illegal or unethical conduct. Any act of retaliation should be reported immediately. Unless the employee, contractor or agent was involved in the illegal or unethical conduct, Calamos will not take adverse action against such person for good faith reporting or investigation assistance.

This policy should be read in conjunction with the "Calamos Internal Whistleblower Policy", accessible on the Calamos intranet site.

This policy is intended to encourage persons subject to the Code to raise any concerns regarding illegal or unethical conduct. However, consistent with SEC Rule 21F-17, nothing in this policy or any other policy or agreement, limits an individual from initiating communications directly with, responding to any inquiry from, volunteering information to, or providing testimony before, the SEC, the Department of Justice, FINRA., any other self-regulatory organization or any other governmental, law enforcement, or regulatory authority, in connection with any reporting of, investigation into, or proceeding regarding suspected violations of law, and no individual is required to advise or seek permission before engaging in any such activity. In connection with such activity, individuals should identify any information that is confidential and ask the government agency for confidential treatment of such information. Despite the foregoing, individuals are not permitted to reveal to any third party, including any governmental, law enforcement, or regulatory authority, information that is protected from disclosure by any applicable confidentiality provisions or privilege, including but not limited to the attorney-client privilege, attorney work product doctrine and/or other applicable legal privileges. Calamos does not waive any applicable privileges or the right to continue to protect its privileged attorney-client information, attorney work product, and other confidential or privileged information. Additionally, an individual's ability to disclose information may be limited or prohibited by applicable law and Calamos does not consent to disclosures that would violate applicable law. Applicable laws include, without limitation, laws and regulations restricting disclosure of confidential supervisory information or disclosures subject to the Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C. §§ 5311-5330), including information that would reveal the existence or contemplated filing of a suspicious activity report. Confidential supervisory information includes any information or materials relating to the examination and supervision of Calamos by applicable regulatory agencies, materials responding

------

to or referencing non-public information relating to examinations or supervision by regulatory agencies and correspondence to or from applicable regulators.

**RECORD RETENTION** 

The Compliance Department shall maintain the records listed below for a period of five years in a readily accessible place:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a copy of each Code that has been adopted or been in effect at any time during the past five years;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a record of any violation of the Code and any action taken as a result of such violation for five years from the
end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a record of all written acknowledgements of receipt of the Code and amendments for each person who is currently,
or within the past five years was, a Supervised Person;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a record of each holdings and transaction report made pursuant to the Code, including any brokerage confirmation
and account statements made in lieu of these reports;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a record of any decision and supporting reasons for approving the acquisition of securities in limited offerings
for at least five years after the end of the fiscal year in which approval was granted; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a copy of each SEC Form 3, Form 4, and Annual Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities.

------

**Appendix A – In-Scope Entities** 

This policy pertains to the entities listed in the following tables (collectively referred herein as "Calamos" or "the Firm").

Companies

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Company name** | **Description** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Asset Management, Inc. | Holding company |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Investments LLC | Consolidated company managed by CAM |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Advisors LLC | U.S. Investment Advisor |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Wealth Management LLC | U.S. Investment Advisor |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Financial Services LLC | U.S. Distributor |

---

*Table 1 - List of In-Scope Companies* 

Funds for U.S. Investors

---

| |
|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Closed-End Fund Name** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Convertible Opportunities and Income Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Convertible and High Income Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Strategic Total Return Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Global Total Return Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Global Dynamic Income Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Dynamic Convertible and Income Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Long/Short Equity & Dynamic Income Trust |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Global Convertible and Dynamic Income Trust |

---

*Table 2 - List of In-Scope U.S. Funds* 

Funds for non-U.S. Investors

---

| |
|:---|
| **UCIT Name** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Calamos Global Convertible Fund |

---

*Table 3 - List of In-Scope E.U. Funds* 

Revision Date

---

| |
|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Date** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Adopted: June 30, 2005 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: March 17, 2009 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: December 04, 2013 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: June 23, 2014 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: September 25, 2014 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: July 1, 2016 effective August 1, 2016 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: November 1, 2016 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: January 24, 2017 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: December 12, 2017 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: October 12, 2018 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: July 9, 2019 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: September 25, 2019 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: June 30, 2020 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: March 24, 2021 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: June 30, 2021 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Revised: October 31, 2022 |

---

*Table 4 – List of Revision Dates for Policy* 

------

**<u>APPENDIX B</u>** 

<u>SECTION 16 INDIVIDUALS</u>

(Dated 6/30/21)

John P. Calamos, Sr., Chairman, Trustee and President, Calamos Funds

John S. Koudounis, Vice President, Calamos Funds

J. Christopher Jackson, Vice President and Secretary, Calamos Funds

Robert Behan, Vice President, Calamos Funds

Thomas E. Herman, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Calamos Funds

Daniel L. Dufresne, Vice President, Calamos Funds

Mark J. Mickey, Chief Compliance Officer, Calamos Funds

Stephen Atkins, Treasurer, Calamos Funds

John E. Neal, Trustee

William R. Rybak, Trustee

Virginia G. Breen, Trustee

Lloyd A. Wennlund, Trustee

Karen L. Stuckey, Trustee

Christopher M. Toub, Trustee

------

**<u>APPENDIX C</u>** 

<u>FIRMS WITH ELECTRONIC FEEDS TO FIRM'S COMPLIANCE</u>

<u>MONITORING SYSTEM</u>

(Dated 4/07/2022)

Ameriprise

Charles Schwab

Chase Investment Services

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

Edward Jones

E\*Trade

Fidelity

Interactive Brokers

JP Morgan

Merrill Lynch

Morgan Stanley Smith Barney

Raymond James & Associates

RBC Wealth Management

TD Ameritrade

T. Rowe Price

UBS

U S Bank

Vanguard

Wells Fargo

## Ex-99.(P)(21)

**Code of Ethics** 

In accordance with Rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and with Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. ("Westfield") has developed and implemented this Code of Ethics (the "Code") to set forth standards for business conduct and personal activities. The Code serves many purposes. Among them are to:

☐ educate employees of Westfield's expectations and the laws governing their conduct;

☐ remind employees that they are in a position of trust and must act with complete propriety at all times;

☐ protect the reputation of Westfield;

☐ guard against violations of securities laws;

☐ protect Westfield's clients by deterring misconduct; and

☐ establish procedures for employees to follow so Westfield can assess whether employees are complying with our ethical principles.

**Key terms used throughout this Code are defined in Appendix A.** 

**Persons Covered by the Code** 

All permanent Westfield employees are covered under the Code. All employees are deemed an "Access Person". Compliance will deem an Access Person also as an "Investment Person" if the person makes or participates in making investment recommendations for client accounts. Investment Persons may be required to provide additional information for certain personal activities and may be subject to additional transactional restrictions than non-Investment Persons. At any time, employees may check their status by contacting Compliance.

Temporary employees may be subject to either all or certain provisions within the Code. Compliance may also deem a temporary employee an Access Person.

**Waivers to Code** 

The Chief Compliance Officer (the "CCO") and the Director of Compliance (the "DOC") have the authority to grant written waivers of the provisions of this Code in appropriate instances. However, Westfield expects that waivers will be granted only in rare instances. Compliance will document any waivers granted. No waivers shall be granted on any provisions of the Code that are mandated by the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").

**Ethical Principles** 

As a fiduciary for its clients, Westfield owes its clients the utmost duty of loyalty, good faith, and fair dealing. As an employee of Westfield, you are obligated to uphold these important duties. Westfield expects every employee to uphold these principles when acting on behalf of the firm or in any capacity that may affect the firm's advisory business.

☐ Employees must act with honesty, integrity, and professionalism in all aspects of our business.

☐ Employees are to place the interests of Westfield's clients first, at all times.

☐ Employees must not take advantage of their positions or of investment opportunities that would otherwise be available for Westfield's clients.

☐ Employees must treat all information concerning clients (e.g., trading, holdings, investment recommendations, and financial situations) confidential.

☐ Employees must exercise independent, unbiased judgment in the investment decision-making process.

**Standards of Business Conduct** 

The following standards govern all conduct, whether or not the conduct is covered by more specific provisions in the Code or other Westfield policies.

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

☐ Employees must comply with applicable federal securities laws.

☐ Employees must not:

◾ Defraud any Westfield client in any manner.

◾ Mislead any client, including making a statement that omits material facts or passing along information that is baseless or suspected to be untrue.

◾ Engage in any act, practice or course of conduct which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any client (e.g., creating the false appearance of active trading in client accounts).

◾ Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to any client.

◾ Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities, including price or market manipulation. This includes rumor mongering, which is illegal and can lead to allegations of market manipulation.

☐ Employees are prohibited from inappropriately favoring the interests of one client over another as it would constitute a breach of fiduciary duty.

☐ Employees must not use for their own direct or indirect benefit (or the benefit of anyone other than Westfield's clients) information about: (a)Westfield's trading or investment recommendations for client accounts, (b) our relationships with our clients, or (c) our relationships with the brokerage community. Personal securities transactions must be conducted in accordance with applicable provisions in the Code. 

☐ Employees must comply with the spirit and letter of the Code and other internal policies. Technical compliance with the requirements in the Code or other policies does not insulate you from scrutiny for any actions that can create the appearance of a violation or the appearance that you are circumventing the rules. 

☐ Employees must avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest with Westfield's clients. Employees will be required to complete certifications or questionnaires on such matters. It is the employee's responsibility to promptly notify Compliance of any changes to their responses.

◾ Employees must ensure that any personal activities (e.g., personal trading) conducted during work hours do not interfere (or appears to interfere) with their daily work.

◾ Employees must disclose any family members who have senior level positions at public or private companies.

◾ Employees must not accept from or give to clients or other business contacts any gifts or business entertainment that would present an actual or potential conflict of interest or would be viewed as improper. (See Westfield's policy on Gifts and Business Entertainment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ◾ | Employees may not recommend, implement, or consider any securities transaction for client accounts without having disclosed any material business or personal relationship (e.g., family member is a senior employee) with or beneficial ownership or other material interest in the issuer or its affiliates, to Compliance. If Compliance deems the disclosed interest to present a material conflict, the employee may not participate in any decision-making process regarding that issuer.  |

---

◾ Employees must act in the best interest of Westfield's clients regarding execution and other costs paid by clients for brokerage services. This includes disclosing to Compliance any personal investment in any

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

business or personal (e.g., family member) relationship with brokers utilized by Westfield for client transactions or research services. All employees must strictly adhere to Westfield's policies and procedures regarding brokerage services, including those on best execution, research services, and directed brokerage. <br>

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ◾ | Employees must disclose to Compliance any personal investments or other interests in third-party service providers if the employees negotiate or make decisions on behalf of the firm with such third-party service providers. If any employee has such an interest, Compliance may prohibit the person from negotiating or making decisions regarding Westfield's business with those companies.  |

---

◾ Employees are prohibited from making referrals to clients (e.g., attorneys, accountants) if the employee will benefit in any way.

<u>Reporting Unethical or Illegal Behavior</u>

If at any time an employee has knowledge of any behavior that might be viewed as unethical, illegal or in violation of internal policies, the employee must report such behavior immediately.

**How to Report**. To promote employee reporting, while protecting the employee and maintaining their identity in confidence, Westfield offers different methods for reporting.

☐ **Contact the CCO and/or DOC** 

Employees may report actual or suspected violations by contacting the CCO and/or the DOC directly (or the Chief Executive Officer if the suspected violation is by the CCO). Employees are not required to report such matters to their managers before contacting the CCO and/or the DOC.

☐ **Report via Westfield's Whistleblower Hotline** 

Please call (800) 376-1389. Calls are accessible to the CCO and DOC only. All calls are anonymous. If suspected violation is by the CCO and/or DOC, employees should contact the CEO directly and not leave a message on the whistleblower hotline.

**What to Report**. Employees should report any: a) noncompliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, or internal policies such as the Code; b) fraud or illegal acts involving any aspect of the firm's business; c) material misstatements in regulatory filings, internal books and records, client records or reports, and financial statements; d) activity that is harmful to clients; and e) material deviations from required controls and procedures that safeguard clients and the firm.

**Usage of Information Provided**. The CCO and/or the DOC will take the steps deemed necessary under the circumstances to investigate relevant facts surrounding the information provided, and to take any appropriate corrective measures. Reporting employees typically will not be notified of any actions the firm is taking in response to their comments.

**Guidance**. Employees are encouraged to seek guidance from the CCO and/or the DOC with respect to any violation and to refrain from any action or transaction that might lead to the appearance of a violation.

**Confidentiality***.* Any report created shall be treated confidentially. Best efforts will be used to ensure that specific details of the report cannot be used to identify the reporting employee.

**Retaliation.** No employee who in good faith reports a suspected unethical or illegal business practice will be subject to retaliation or discipline for having done so, even if such reports ultimately establish that no violation had occurred.

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

<u>SEC Whistleblower Program</u>

Westfield encourages employees to report unethical or illegal behavior to the firm first, but employees also have an option of directly reporting actual or suspected violations to the SEC's Whistleblower Office. The SEC offers awards and incentives to individuals who voluntarily provide original information that leads to a successful enforcement. There are very specific criteria and procedures that apply when making such a report to the SEC. Regardless of the employee's reporting method, Westfield will utilize the framework described directly above with regards to reported information.

The SEC encourages individuals to submit information in writing by filling out their questionnaire at <u>https://denebleo.sec.gov/TCRExternal/disclaimer.xhtml</u>. Alternatively, you may submit information by mail to the Office of the Whistleblower at 100 F Street, NE, Mail Stop 5971, Washington, D.C. 20549 or by fax to (703) 813-9322.

Employees have the option to directly report actual or suspected violations to the SEC during and after their employment with Westfield.

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

<u>Personal Trading</u>

(All references to Access Persons in this section include family members.)

**Preclearance Requirement** 

Access Persons must obtain approval from Compliance prior to entering into any personal securities transactions in a Covered Security for a Covered Account, as defined in Appendix A. Written approval must be received prior to executing any personal security transaction.

With limited exceptions, approvals are valid until 4:00pm on the day they were granted. Approvals for certain transactions (e.g., private offering of securities) may be extended with the CCO's or the DOC's permission. In such instances, the approval is valid until either the transaction is executed or revoked by Compliance. Access Persons are responsible for notifying Compliance when the transaction has been either completed or cancelled.

Because Westfield primarily supervises domestic growth equities, certain transactions and securities pose minimal conflicts with our clients. As such, the following securities also are exempt from the preclearance requirement. (Reporting requirements still apply). If a security or transaction is not listed directly below or excluded from the Covered Security definition in Appendix A, then it must be precleared.

☐ ETFs and ETNs that are not advised and/or subadvised by Westfield, that are not short the market, a sector, industry, etc.

☐ Closed-end mutual funds

☐ Gifting or transferring shares from one account to another

☐ Municipal bonds

**Submitting Preclearance Requests** 

Preclearance requests for securities transactions should be submitted through the online personal transactions system, StarCompliance (the "personal trading system"). Compliance will set up each Access Person in the system and provide training. It is important that Access Persons not share their passwords with anyone as they are responsible for the information created, modified, and deleted from the system under their login information.

Should an Access Person wish to make a personal security transaction but does not have access to the system, the person must contact a senior member of Compliance for preclearance of the transaction. Compliance will enter the transaction into the system, which will send an approval or denial, via email, to the requestor. It is the Access Person's responsibility to ensure that the trade information contained in the email confirmation is complete and accurate (i.e., transaction type, shares requested, brokerage account, and security name) prior to entering into the transaction.

<u>Private Offerings</u> 

Any requests to enter into private offerings of securities must be first discussed with a senior member of Compliance. At a minimum, Compliance will request a copy of the offering documents, if applicable and available, in order to obtain the security/issuer name, investment amount, and target investment date. If the offering documents are not available, Compliance will accept a written confirmation from the company. Written confirmation should include the security name, investment amount and target investment date. If the transaction is approved, the employee may then submit the preclearance request. Access Persons must receive a written approval (either from the personal trading system or an email from Compliance) before entering into the transaction.

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

**Reviewing Preclearance Requests** 

Preclearance requests are not reviewed until after 9:30am. Preclearance requests submitted prior to 9:30am will be placed in pending status. Preclearance requests that go into pending after 3:00pm will be reviewed on a best efforts basis. If a response is not received by 4:00pm, Access Persons are not permitted to enter into the trade and must re-enter the preclearance request the following day. Employee must ensure to cancel all limit orders that are not fully executed by 4:00pm each day.

Compliance has full authority to:

☐ revoke a preclearance any time after it is granted;

☐ require an Access Person to close out or reverse a transaction; and

☐ not provide an explanation for a preclearance denial or revocation, especially when the reasons are confidential in nature.

**Restrictions to Personal Securities Transactions** 

The following restrictions and limitations have been placed on personal securities transactions to address actual or possible conflicts arising from personal trading activities.

☐ **Material, Non-public Information.** Access Persons who possess or have been made aware of material, non-public information regarding a security, or the issuer of a security may not engage in any transaction of such security or related security. (See Westfield's policy on Insider Trading.) 

☐ **Market Manipulation.** Access Persons may not engage in any transactions intended to raise, lower, or maintain the price of any security. 

☐ **Market Timing and Excessive Trading.** Access Persons must not engage in excessive trading or market timing activities with respect to any mutual fund. When placing trades in any mutual fund, whether the trade is placed directly in a personal account, 401(k) account, deferred compensation account, account held with an intermediary or any other account, Access Persons must comply with the rules set forth in the fund's prospectus and SAI regarding the frequency and timing of such trades. 

☐ **Transactions with Clients.** Access Persons are prohibited from knowingly selling to, or purchasing from, a client any security or other property, except publicly–traded securities issued by such client. 

☐ **Advised and/or Subadvised Funds.** Access Persons are prohibited from trading in ETFs and mutual funds that are advised and/or subadvised by Westfield without prior Compliance approval. 

☐ **Transactions Likely to Raise Conflicts with Duties to Clients.** Access Persons may not enter into any transactions that: a) may have a negative impact on their attention to their responsibilities to the firm or our clients (e.g., trading frequently in personal accounts), or b) overextend their financial resources or commit them to financial liability that they are unable to meet. 

☐ **Derivatives, Warrants and Rights**. Access Persons are prohibited from trading options, forwards, swaps, warrants, rights and any other similar security in their Covered Accounts. 

☐ **Private and Limited Offerings (e.g., IPOs).** Typically, if client accounts are participating in a private or limited offering, Access Persons may not participate in the same offering. With prior approval from the CCO and/or DOC, Access Persons may participate alongside client accounts, but the client's interest will always come first. This includes Access Persons invested in Westfield's LPs (e.g., Micro-Cap Fund). 

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

☐ **Short Selling and Short ETFs/ETNs**. Access Persons are prohibited from short selling securities in their Covered Accounts. This applies to ETFs/ETNs that are short the market, a sector, industry, etc. 

☐ **30-Day Holding Period**. Covered Security investments made in Covered Accounts must be held for a minimum period of 30 calendar days after purchase (day one starts one day after trade date). ETFs and ETNs are not subject to the 30-day holding period. 

**Investment Team Sales in Covered Securities** 

All analysts (defined as sector and research analysts) that own securities in their covered accounts that overlap with their sector universe <u>and</u> are owned in a Westfield strategy managed by Westfield's Investment Committee **must hold** such security or securities until they have been fully liquidated from all strategies. Once the security is fully liquidated, the analyst may sell their personal shares 5 business days following the last client sale.

All individual portfolio managers that own securities in their covered accounts that overlap with the individual portfolios that they manage, **must hold** such security or securities until they have been fully liquidated from all client accounts under their management. Once the security is fully liquidated; the portfolio manager may sell their personal shares 5 business days following the last client sale.

The above restrictions do not apply to securities that are held due to client restrictions (e.g., tax considerations, retention for proxy voting, etc.). Any exceptions must be approved by the CCO and/or the DOC. Analysts may continue to trim and/or sell securities for their covered accounts that are **not** in their sector universe. Portfolio managers may continue to trim/sell securities for their covered accounts that are **not** held in the portfolios they manage. Any trims/sales will still follow the above personal securities transaction restrictions, front running and blackout periods as applicable.

**Front Running and Blackout Periods** 

Front running is an illegal practice. Access Persons should not enter into a personal security transaction when the Access Person knows, or has reason to believe, that the security or related security: a) has recently been acted upon, b) may in the near future be recommended for action, or c) may in the near future be acted upon by the firm for client accounts.

☐ For Covered Securities that have been traded in client accounts, the blackout period begins five business days before the client trade and ends five business days after the last client trade. If the Covered Security was traded for reasons outside of an investment recommendation (e.g., cash flow, rebalancing/dispersion, etc.), the blackout period begins when the trades are placed on the blotter and ends when the trades have been completed.

☐ For Covered Securities that have been recommended or are "under consideration," the blackout period begins five business days before the day a security was recommended or placed under consideration and typically ends five business days thereafter. Some securities may remain on the restricted list for longer periods of time. Compliance has full discretion to decide whether a security is restricted and for how long. 

☐ ETFs and ETNs that are not advised and/or subadvised by Westfield are not subject to the blackout periods discussed in this section.

**New Employees** 

All new employees will be required to be in compliance with Westfield's Code within 10 calendar days from their date of hire (e.g., must cover short positions). New employees may also be allowed to continue to hold put and/or call options until they expire. Compliance will review these on a case by case basis.

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

New investment team employees will be allowed 10 calendar days to trim/liquidate securities within their sector universe that overlap with a strategy managed by Westfield's Investment Committee. However, all other provisions within the Code must be followed (e.g., must follow preclearance requirements, blackout periods apply).<u> </u>

Initial 401(k) allocations, including open-end mutual Funds<u> </u>sub-advised or advised by Westfield do not require preclearance.<u> </u>

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

**Reporting Requirements for Personal Securities Transactions** 

Unless noted in *Exemptions* in this section, Access Persons must file the reports described below, even if the person has had no holdings, transactions or accounts to list in the reports.

Reports are submitted through the personal trading system, which will track the dates and times of submissions. All submissions will remain confidential and will not be accessible by anyone other than Compliance and to the extent necessary to implement and enforce the provisions of the Code or to comply with regulatory or legal requirements.

Access Persons are responsible for reviewing and verifying the information on all of their reports prior to submission. You must promptly speak with Compliance about any errors, omissions or discrepancies on these reports before they are submitted.

**Initial and Annual Holdings Reports.** Access Persons must submit a report of their holdings in Covered Securities <u>within 10 days</u> after the day they become an Access Person and on an annual basis thereafter. Initial holdings information should be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the employee's date of becoming an Access Person. Annual holding reports should be as of December 31<sup>st</sup> and submitted within 30 days after the calendar year end. For each holding, Access Persons must provide: 1) the title and type of security, 2) as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or cusip number, 3) the number of shares and principal amount of each reportable security in which the access person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, 4) the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the access person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the access person's direct or indirect benefit, and 5) the date the access person submits the report.

**Quarterly Transaction Reports**. Access Persons are required to report Covered Securities transactions for the most recent calendar quarter. Each transaction should indicate: 1) the date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or cusip number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares, and principal amount of each reportable security involved, 2) the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition), 3) the price of the security at which the transaction was effected, 4) the name of broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected, and 5) the date the access person submits the report. Quarterly transaction reports are due within 30 days after the calendar quarter end.

**Initial Investment Account Reports.** Access Persons must submit brokerage statements for all accounts held for their direct or indirect benefit <u>within 10 days</u> after the day they become an Access Person. Compliance will review these statements and determine if the accounts would fall under ongoing reporting requirements (i.e., a Covered Account). Statements should be dated no later than 45 days prior to the employee becoming an Access Person.

**Quarterly Investment Account Reports.** Access Persons must certify to a list of their Covered Accounts (as defined in Appendix A). Quarterly account reports are due within 30 days after the calendar quarter end.

Access Persons must notify Compliance of any new and closed Covered Accounts as soon as reasonably possible. Closed accounts will remain active in the personal trading system and will be subject to applicable reporting requirements described above, unless Compliance has been notified otherwise.

**Duplicate Statements or Confirms.** Duplicate copies of personal transaction confirmations or account statements are required for Covered Accounts. Copies of such documents must be sent directly to Compliance or through an electronic feed into the personal trading system. Employees with accounts set up to receive electronic feeds in the personal trading system are not required to provide paper copies of confirmations or statements as transactions and positions directly feed into the system. If Compliance does not receive the

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

appropriate electronic data or duplicate confirmations and statements, Compliance will request the documents from the Access Person. This requirement does not satisfy the quarterly or annual reporting requirements outlined above.

**Private Investments.** A confirmation of the investment with the invested dollar amount must be submitted to Compliance promptly after the investment is made.

<u>Exemptions</u>

The following transactions are exempt from the preclearance and/or reporting requirements discussed previously. Access Persons should be reminded that these exemptions do not absolve them from violations of other Westfield policies, applicable laws and regulations, as well as the spirit of the Code.

☐ **No Knowledge or Control*.*** Transactions where the Access Person has no influence, control or knowledge are exempt from preclearance (e.g., corporate or broker actions). 

◾ Subject to Compliance approval, Access Persons can omit any report with respect to securities held in accounts over which the Access Person had no direct or indirect influence or control.

☐ **Managed Accounts.** Transactions effected in accounts managed by an external financial adviser are exempt from preclearance and reporting requirements. Access Persons may speak to their adviser about their financial goals and objectives, but they are not permitted to consult with their adviser (or be consulted) on any specific security transactions. To qualify for this exemption, Access Persons must: 

◾ Have their financial adviser provide an initial written certification to Westfield on the arrangement and/or provide a copy of the managed account agreement with their financial adviser.

◾ Complete certifications quarterly regarding their influence or control over these accounts.

◾ Annually have their financial adviser provide a written certification to Westfield that they did not consult with their adviser on any specific security transactions and that the adviser did not consult with them on any specific security transactions.

◾ If requested, provide Compliance with copies of holdings and/or transactions made in their account(s).

☐ **529 Plans or College Savings Plans.** Transactions in 529 Plans or college savings plans are exempt from preclearance and reporting requirements. (Does not apply to Coverdell ESAs that are invested in Covered Securities.) 

☐ **Automatic Investment Plans.**Transactions effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan are exempt from preclearance and reporting requirements. 

☐ **Prior Employer's Profit Sharing or Retirement Plans.** Transactions executed in a prior employer's profit sharing or retirement plan are exempt from preclearance and reporting. This exemption does not apply to transactions in reportable securities or to any discretionary brokerage account option that may be available from a former employer. Such transactions/accounts are subject to preclearance and reporting requirements. 

☐ **Other.** Transactions in securities determined by Compliance to present a low potential for impropriety or the appearance of impropriety may be exempt from transactional restrictions and preclearance/reporting requirements. Compliance will review these on a case-by-case basis. 

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

**Administration** 

**Approval and Distribution** 

Compliance will distribute the Code (either as a stand-alone document or as part of the firm's Compliance Manual) to all employees during the first week of hire and at least annually thereafter. Employees are required to acknowledge their having received, read, and complied with the Code.

Material amendments or material revisions made to this Code will be approved by the CCO and the Management Committee. Upon approval, the Code will be distributed to all employees shortly thereafter. Immaterial amendments do not require Management Committee approval and will be distributed either with material amendments or during the annual distribution period. Employees may be required to complete appropriate acknowledgements after distribution.

**Training and Education** 

Compliance is responsible for coordinating the training and education of employees regarding the Code. All newly hired employees are required to complete a compliance overview session that includes a review of the Code. They also are required to acknowledge that they have attended the new employee training and have received a copy of the Code (as part of the firm's Compliance Manual). Temporary or contract employees will be required to sign a confidentiality agreement and attend a compliance overview session.

Employees are required to attend all training sessions and read any applicable materials that Compliance deems appropriate. On occasion, it may be necessary for certain departments or individuals to receive additional training. Should this be the case, a member of Compliance will coordinate with the appropriate department managers to discuss particular topics and concerns to address at the training session.

**Personal Transactions Monitoring** 

On at least a quarterly basis, a member of Compliance will review and monitor required reports for conformity with all applicable provisions outlined in the personal trading section. Each member of the Compliance Department will review and monitor each other's reports as required by the Code.

**Annual Review of Code** 

The CCO and/or the DOC will review, at least annually, the adequacy of the Code and the effectiveness of its implementation. Such results are usually recorded in the firm's annual testing program.

**Reports to Management Committee** 

At least annually, the CCO will report material Code matters to Westfield's Management Committee. On occasion, the CCO will also report immaterial items to the Management Committee in order to keep them informed of Code matters.

**Recordkeeping Requirements** 

Westfield will maintain the following records in a readily accessible place for a period of not less than seven years.

☐ A copy of each Code that is in effect, or at any time within the past seven years;

☐ A record of any violation of the Code, and of any action taken as a result of the violation, for seven years after the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred;

☐ A copy of each report and acknowledgement made under the Code for the past seven years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report is made or information is provided;

☐ A list of names of persons, currently or within the past seven years, who are or were Access Persons or Investment Persons;

☐ A record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, for approving the acquisition of IPOs and limited offerings for at least seven years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval was granted; and

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

☐ A record of any granted waivers or exceptions, and supporting reasons, to any provisions of the Code.

**Violations and Sanctions** 

Westfield treats violations of the Code (including violations of the spirit of the Code) very seriously. If an employee violates either the letter or the spirit of this Code, Westfield may impose disciplinary actions or fines, or it may make a civil or criminal referral to appropriate regulatory entities (Refer to Appendix B for the sanctions table). Code violations become a part of the employee's employment history at Westfield. Multiple violations within a 12-month period will be reported to Human Resources and appropriate supervisors or managers. Employees should always consult with the CCO and/or the DOC if they are in doubt of any of the requirements or restrictions in the Code.

A senior member of Compliance will notify employees of any discrepancy between their personal activities and the rules outlined in this Code. Each violation and the circumstances surrounding each violation will be reviewed by a senior member of Compliance. Based on the review, a senior member of Compliance will determine whether the policies established in this Code have been violated, and whether any action should be taken. The CCO and/or the DOC will determine appropriate sanctions (in accordance with Westfield's sanctions guidelines). Once the sanction has been approved, Compliance will notify the employee. Compliance has the discretion of reporting material Code matters to the Operations & Risk Management Committee and/or the Management Committee.

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

<u>Appendix A: Glossary of Terms</u>

**Access Person** is any Westfield employee or non-employee who meets at least one of the following conditions:

☐ is an officer, director, or partner

☐ has access to nonpublic information about client purchases or sales of securities

☐ makes or participates in making investment recommendations to clients

☐ has access to client investment recommendations that are non-public

☐ has access to nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of affiliated mutual funds

**Beneficial Interest** generally refers to the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit.

**Business Day** refers to every official Westfield working day of the week.

**Client Account** refers to any account over which Westfield has been granted authority to purchase and/or sell securities on the client's behalf.

**Covered Account** refers to any investment account over which an Access Person:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. has direct or indirect beneficial interest; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. exercises investment control, meaning he or she actually provides input into or makes the security buy and/or
sell decisions for the account. The account does not need to be in an Access Person's name; if an Access Person has either joint or sole investment control over an account, it may be considered a Covered Account.

**Covered Security** refers to any security or fund that does not fall under one of the following exceptions:

☐ Direct obligations of the Government of the United States (e.g., treasury bills, treasury bonds, U.S. savings bonds);

☐ Bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposits, commercial paper, and high-quality short term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements;

☐ Shares issued by money market funds;

☐ Shares issued by open-end mutual funds that are not sub-advised or advised by Westfield;

☐ Shares issued by unit investment trusts ("UITs") that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end mutual funds, none of which are sub-advised or advised by Westfield.

**Employee** means all Westfield personnel who are not hired on a temporary or contract basis.

**Family member** refers to a spouse, children, step-children, grandchildren, parents, step-parents, grandparents, domestic partners, siblings, parents-in-law, children-in-law, as well as adoptive relationships sharing the same household.

**Investment Person** means any Access Person who makes or participates in making investment recommendations for client accounts.

**Reportable Fund** means any pooled fund, regardless of whether it is offered publicly or privately, for which Westfield serves as adviser or sub-adviser. This includes Westfield limited partnerships.

**Short Selling** means selling a security that is not owned in the account.

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

Appendix B: Sanctions Guidelines

Sanctions can be more or less than what is indicated in the table below. Sanctions such as disgorgement of profits (gross of any taxes or transaction costs) and reversal of trades may be considered in addition to or instead of the sanctions indicated in the table below, In recommending sanctions, Compliance will:

☐ Consider an employee's role and responsibilities, past trading history, facts and circumstances around the violation and other applicable factors

☐ Impose the highest of all applicable sanctions, if a violation falls within more than one category or if multiple violations occur on the same day

☐ Review violations not listed in the table on a case-by-case basis

☐ Consult with the Management Committee or Operations & Risk Management Committee members, if needed

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Violation** | **Management and Investment Committee,<br>Research Analysts, Partners, Traders,<br>Directors** | **All Other Employees** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Late Reporting or Certification<br>*All listed fines are per day*<br> *after due date and per report*<br> *or certification* | <u>First Offense</u>: $500<br><u>Second Offense</u>: $750 and suspension of personal securities transaction rights (up to 6 months)<br><u>Subsequent Offense</u>: $1,500 and suspension of personal securities transaction rights (up to 12 months) | <u>First Offense</u>: $100<br><u>Second Offense</u>: $200 and suspension of personal securities transaction rights (up to 3 months)<br><u>Subsequent Offense</u>: $300 and suspension of personal securities transaction rights (up to 6 months) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Failure to Preclear<br> (includes trading more shares then were precleared) | <u>First Offense</u>: $2,000 per transaction and suspension of personal securities transaction rights for 30 days<br><u>Second Offense</u>: $5,000 per transaction and suspension of personal securities transaction rights for 3 months | <u>First Offense</u>: $500 per transaction<br><u>Second Offense</u>: $1,000 per transaction and suspension of personal securities transaction rights for 30 days<br><u>Subsequent Offense</u>: $2,500 per transaction and suspension of personal securities transaction |

---

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022

------

**Code of Ethics** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | <u>Subsequent Offense</u>: $10,000 per transaction and suspension of personal securities transaction rights for 12 months | rights for 6 months |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Market Timing | Termination of employment and civil or criminal referral | Termination of employment and civil or criminal referral |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Failure to Make Accurate or Complete Reports | Monetary fines starting at $5,000; suspension of personal securities transaction rights; possible termination of employment | Monetary fines starting at $1,000; suspension of personal securities transaction rights; possible termination of employment |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Front Running | $2,500 per transaction; temporary or permanent suspension of personal securities transaction rights; possible termination of employment | $2,500 per transaction; temporary or permanent suspension of personal securities transaction rights; possible termination of employment |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;30-day Holding Period | <u>First Offense</u>: 2,000 per transaction<br><u>Second Offense</u>: $5,000 per transaction; suspension of personal transaction rights (up to 6 months)<br><u>Subsequent Offense</u>: $7,500 per transaction; suspension of personal securities transaction rights (up to 12 months) | <u>First Offense</u>: $500 per transaction<br><u>Second Offense</u>: $1,000 per transaction; suspension of personal transaction rights (up to 6 months)<br><u>Subsequent Offense</u>: $2,500 per transaction; suspension of personal securities transaction rights (up to 12 months) |

---

Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P.

Date Approved: 05/13/2022