# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000891532
**File Stem:** 0001641172-25-014471
**Filing Date:** 2025-6
**Character Count:** 183515
**Document Hash:** f707c9db10fb43eb912cf7c310ad624e
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001641172-25-014471.hdr.sgml**: 20250610

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001641172-25-014471

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: DEF 14A

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 17

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250610

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250610

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250610

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** PERMA FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES INC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000891532
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT [4955]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 01 Energy & Transportation
- **EIN:** 581954497
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** DEF 14A
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-11596
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251036444

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 8302 DUNWOODY PLACE
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 250
- **CITY:** ATLANTA
- **STATE:** GA
- **ZIP:** 30350
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 7705879898

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 8302 DUNWOODY PLACE
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 250
- **CITY:** ATLANTA
- **STATE:** GA
- **ZIP:** 30350

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**SCHEDULE 14A**

**Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the**

**Securities Exchange Act of 1934** 

Filed by the Registrant ☒ Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐

Check the appropriate box:

☐ Preliminary Proxy Statement

☐ **Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))**

☒ Definitive Proxy Statement

☐ Definitive Additional Materials

☐ Soliciting Material Pursuant to §240.14a-12

**Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.**

**(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)**

**(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)**

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

☒ No
 fee required.

☐ Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

☐ Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.

**PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.**

**8302 Dunwoody Place, Suite 250**

**Atlanta, Georgia 30350**

**NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING**

**To Be Held July 24, 2025**

To the Stockholders of Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.:

Notice is hereby given that the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Meeting") of Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. ("Company", "we", "our", or "us") will be held at The Westin Atlanta Airport, 4736 Best Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30337, on Thursday, July 24, 2025, at 11:00 a.m. (EDT), for the following purposes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. To
 elect nine directors to serve until the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders or until their
 respective successors are duly elected and qualified (Proposal 1);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. To
 ratify the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as the independent registered public accounting
 firm of the Company for the 2025 fiscal year (Proposal 2);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. To
 approve, on an advisory basis, the 2024 compensation of our named executive officers as described
 herein (Proposal 3); and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. To
 transact such other business as may properly come before the Meeting and at any adjournments
 thereof.

Only stockholders of record at the close of business on June 2, 2025, will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Meeting or at any postponement or adjournment thereof.

The Company is taking advantage of the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") that allow issuers to provide electronic access to proxy materials over the Internet instead of mailing printed copies of those materials to each stockholder. The Company believes that furnishing these materials electronically allows us to efficiently provide our stockholders with our proxy materials while reducing costs and reducing the impact of the Meeting on the environment. If you would like us to send you printed copies of our proxy statement and accompanying materials, we will be happy to do so at no charge upon your request. For more information, please refer to the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the "Notice") that we are mailing to holders of record on or about June 10, 2025. The Notice also provides instructions as to how you may vote your proxy.

Your vote is important. Whether or not you plan to attend the Meeting, you are encouraged to vote as soon as possible to ensure that your shares are represented at the Meeting.

**Important Notice Regarding the Internet Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be Held on July 24, 2025: This Proxy Statement and our Annual Report for 2024 are available at:** <u>https://www.cstproxy.com/perma-fix/2025</u>.

---

| |
|:---|
| By order of the Board of Directors |
| Ben Naccarato |
| Secretary |

---

Atlanta, Georgia

June 10, 2025

**PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.**

**8302 Dunwoody Place, Suite 250**

**Atlanta, Georgia 30350**

**PROXY STATEMENT**

**FOR THE**

**2025 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS**

**To Be Held July 24, 2025**

This Proxy Statement and the enclosed form of proxy are furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by our Board of Directors (the "Board of Directors" or the "Board") for use at the 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Perma-Fix," the "Company," "we," "our," or "us"), to be held on Thursday, July 24, 2025, at 11:00 a.m. (EDT), and at any adjournment or postponement thereof, at The Westin Atlanta Airport, 4736 Best Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30337 (the "Meeting"). The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials containing instructions on how to access this Proxy Statement and our Annual Report is first being mailed on or about June 10, 2025, to all stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the Meeting. See "Who is entitled to vote at the Meeting," below.

The information provided in the "question and answer" format below is for your convenience only and is merely a summary of the information contained in this Proxy Statement. You should read this entire Proxy Statement carefully. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Proxy Statement and references to our website address in this Proxy Statement are inactive textual references only.

This Proxy Statement and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, are available on the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Filings portion of our website at *<u>https://ir.perma-fix.com/sec-filings</u>*.

**Why am I receiving this Proxy Statement?**

You are receiving this Proxy Statement from us because you were either a stockholder of record or a beneficial owner of the common stock, par value $.001 (the "Common Stock"), of Perma-Fix at the close of business on June 2, 2025 (the "Record Date"). See "Who is entitled to vote at the Meeting," below. This Proxy Statement is furnished in connection with the solicitation on behalf of the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board of Directors" or the "Board") of proxies to be used in voting at the Meeting. This Proxy Statement describes the matters on which the Board would like you to vote, and provides information on those matters, so that you can make an informed decision.

**What matters am I voting on?**

You are being asked to vote on:

● the election of nine directors to serve until the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified (Proposal 1);

● a proposal to ratify the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company for the 2025 fiscal year (Proposal 2);

● a proposal to approve, on an advisory basis, the 2024 compensation of our named executive officers as described herein (Proposal 3); and

● any other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting.

**How does the board of directors recommend I vote on these proposals?**

Our Board of Directors recommends a vote:

● "FOR" the election of the nine director nominees to serve as members of the Board of Directors;

● "FOR" the ratification of the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025; and

● "FOR" the resolution approving the 2024 compensation of our named executive officers.

**Who is entitled to vote at the Meeting?**

Only the holders of our Common Stock at the close of business on the Record Date will have the right to receive notice of, and be entitled to vote at, the Meeting. At the close of business on the Record Date, 18,452,227 shares of Common Stock were outstanding. Each stockholder of record, as of the Record Date, is entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock that the stockholder owned as of the Record Date on each matter to be voted upon at the Meeting. We do not have cumulative voting rights for the election of directors.

**What is the difference between holding shares as a stockholder of record and as a beneficial owner and how do I cast my vote as a stockholder of record and/or beneficial owner?**

Most of our stockholders hold their shares through a broker, bank, or other nominee (beneficial ownership) rather than directly in their own name (record ownership). As summarized below, there are some distinctions between shares held of record and those owned beneficially.

**<u>Stockholder of Record</u>:** If your shares are registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, you are considered the stockholder of record, and the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials is being sent directly to you by us. As the stockholder of record, for your shares to be voted, you have the right to vote in person at the Annual Meeting, or grant your voting proxy directly to the individuals listed on the proxy card by one of the following methods:

● **Vote by Internet,** by going to the web address <u>www.cstproxyvote.com</u> and following the instructions for Internet voting.

● **Vote by Mobile Device,** by scanning the QR barcode on your Notice or proxy card and following the on-screen instructions.

● **Vote by Proxy Card (if you requested a printed copy),** by completing, signing, dating and mailing the proxy card in the envelope provided. If you vote by internet or mobile device, please do not mail your proxy card.

Even if you plan to attend the Meeting, we recommend that you also vote by proxy so that your vote will be counted if you later decide not to attend the Meeting.

**<u>Beneficial Owner</u>:** If your shares are held in a stock brokerage account, by a bank, or other nominee, you are considered the "beneficial owner" of shares held in street name by such third party. As a beneficial owner of shares, the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials was forwarded to you by that organization. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker, bank, or other nominee on how to vote your shares, and you will receive voting instructions from your broker, bank, or other nominee on how to vote your shares of Common Stock held in street name by your broker, bank, or other nominee. Throughout this Proxy Statement, we refer to stockholders who hold their shares through a broker, bank, or other nominee as "street name stockholders." Street name stockholders should generally be able to vote by returning a voting instruction form, by telephone, or on the Internet. However, the availability of telephone and Internet voting will depend on the voting process of your broker, bank, or other nominee. If you request a printed copy of our proxy materials by mail, your broker, bank, or other nominee will provide a voting instruction form for you to use. If you are a street name stockholder, you must follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank, or other nominee in order to direct your broker, bank, or other nominee on how to vote your shares.

Street name stockholders are also invited to attend the Annual Meeting. However, since a street name stockholder is not the stockholder of record, if you are a street name stockholder and wish to vote in person at the Meeting, you **MUST** obtain a legal proxy from the bank, broker or other holder of record that holds your shares. You may not vote the shares of Common Stock held on your behalf in person at the Meeting unless you obtain such a proxy, and you will need to follow the instructions of your broker, bank or other nominee to obtain such a proxy.

**What vote is required to approve the proposals being considered? The Company's Second Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended (the "Bylaws"), provides that, at every meeting of stockholders duly called and held at which a quorum is present, in addition to any vote or other action that may be expressly required by law, the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, its Bylaws or the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Company, (i) in all matters other than the election of Directors, a majority of the votes that were cast by proxy and in person by those that could be cast at the meeting upon a given question shall be necessary to decide the question; and (ii) in the case of the election of Directors, a plurality of the votes that were cast by proxy and in person by those that could be cast at the meeting upon the election of Directors shall be necessary to decide the election, as explained in greater detail below:** 

**Proposal 1. Election of Directors**. Assuming the presence of a quorum for the Meeting, Directors will be elected by plurality vote, i.e., a nominee will be elected if the number of votes cast "for" the nominee's election exceeds the number of votes cast "against" the nominee's election. As a result, any shares not cast (whether as a result of an abstention, votes withheld, or a "broker non-vote") will have no effect on the outcome of the election. See "Effect of Abstentions," and "Effects of Broker Non-Votes," below.

**Proposal 2. Ratification of the appointment of the Company's independent registered public accounting firm.** Assuming the presence of a quorum for the Meeting, the ratification of the appointment of Grant Thornton LLP as the independent registered public accounting firm requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the proposal. Please note that abstentions are considered votes present and entitled to vote on the proposal, and, thus, will have the same effect as a vote "AGAINST" the proposal. However, because Proposal 2 is considered a "routine" matter under the rules of the NYSE governing whether member brokers may exercise discretionary authority to vote shares as to which the beneficial owner has not provided voting instructions, brokers may vote uninstructed shares on this item and are considered "entitled to vote" on the proposal. As such, no broker non-votes are expected in connection with this proposal. See "What constitutes a quorum-Effect of Broker Non-Votes," below.

**Proposal 3. Approval, on an advisory basis, of the 2024 compensation of the Company's named executive officers.** Assuming the presence of a quorum for the Meeting, the approval, on an advisory basis, of the 2024 compensation of our named executive officers requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the proposal. Please note that abstentions are considered votes present and entitled to vote on the proposal, and, thus, will have the same effect as a vote "AGAINST" the proposal. With respect to broker non-votes, because Proposal 3 is considered a "non-routine" item under the rules of the NYSE, discussed below, brokers and other nominees who are members of the NYSE may not vote uninstructed shares on Proposal 3, and such shares will not be counted as "entitled to vote" on such proposal. See "What constitutes a quorum-Effect of Broker Non-Votes," below. While the Board of Directors intends to carefully consider the stockholder vote resulting from this proposal, the final vote will not be binding and is advisory in nature.

**What constitutes a quorum?**

A majority of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock entitled to vote at the Meeting, represented in person or by proxy, will constitute a quorum for the holding of the Meeting. The failure of a quorum to be represented at the Meeting will necessitate adjournment and will subject the Company to additional expense. Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, will be counted as present for purposes of establishing a quorum at the Meeting, but may have differing consequences on whether a particular proposal is approved by the stockholders at the Meeting. See "Effect of Abstentions" and "Effect of Broker Non-Votes," below.

**<u>Effect of Abstentions</u>**

If your proxy indicates an abstention from voting on a proposal, the shares represented will be counted as present for the purpose of determining a quorum, but they will not be voted on such proposal at the Meeting. Because abstentions represent shares entitled to vote, if you abstain from voting on a proposal, your abstention (a) will have no effect on the election of directors, (b) will have the effect of a vote against the ratification of the appointment of the independent registered public accounting firm, and (c) will have the effect of a vote against the resolution on executive compensation. See "What vote is required to approve the proposals being considered?," above.

**<u>Effect of Broker Non-Votes</u>**

As a beneficial owner (See "Beneficial Owner," above)), you **must** provide voting instructions to your broker, bank, or other nominee by the deadline provided in the proxy materials you receive from your broker, bank, or other nominee to ensure your shares are voted in the way you would like. If you do not provide voting instructions to your broker, bank, or other nominee, whether your shares can be voted on your behalf depends on the type of item being considered for vote. The NYSE has rules that govern its member brokers and other nominees who have record ownership of listed company stock (including stock such as ours that is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market) that they hold on behalf of their clients who beneficially own the shares. Under these rules, brokers and nominees who are members of the NYSE who do not receive voting instructions from their clients have the discretion to vote uninstructed shares on certain matters ("routine matters"), but do not have the discretion to vote uninstructed shares as to certain other matters ("non-routine matters").

A "broker non-vote" occurs when a broker has not received voting instructions from a beneficial owner on a non-routine matter and therefore cannot vote such beneficial owner's shares on the matter. In these cases, the broker can register your shares as being present at the Meeting for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum if there is at least one routine matter on which the broker has discretion to vote, but they will not be able to vote on the non-routine matters for which specific authorization is required. Proposal 2 (ratification of the selection of the independent registered public accounting firm for 2025) is considered a routine matter and one on which brokers may vote whether or not they receive direction from the beneficial owner of the shares. Accordingly, shares held in street name by such brokers will be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at the Meeting. Under NYSE interpretations, Proposal 1 (election of directors) and Proposal 3 (advisory vote on executive compensation) are considered non-routine matters on which brokers may not vote without direction from the beneficial owner of the shares, resulting in a broker non-vote. Shares subject to a broker non-vote are not counted as present or represented with respect to such non-routine matters. Accordingly, broker non-votes will have no effect on the outcome of either Proposal 1 or Proposal 3. Because brokers may vote on Proposal 2 even in the absence of direction from the beneficial owner of the shares voted, we do not expect to receive any broker non-votes on this proposal.

**Why did I receive a one-page notice in the mail regarding the Internet availability of proxy materials instead of a full set of proxy materials?** 

Pursuant to rules adopted by the SEC, the Company has elected to provide access to its proxy materials via the Internet instead of mailing printed copies, by sending a Notice Regarding the Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the "Notice") to the Company's stockholders. Accordingly, stockholders will not receive printed copies of the proxy materials unless they request them. Instead, instructions on how to access the proxy materials over the Internet or to request a printed copy may be found in the Notice. All stockholders will have the ability to access the proxy materials on the website referred to in the Notice or request to receive a printed or electronic set of the proxy materials. Stockholders may request to receive proxy materials in printed form by following the instructions in the Notice. The Company encourages stockholders to take advantage of the availability of the proxy materials on the Internet to help reduce the environmental impact of our annual meetings.

**What is the effect of giving a proxy?**

Proxies are solicited by and on behalf of our Board of Directors. Mark Duff, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Ben Naccarato, our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Secretary, have been designated as proxy holders by our Board of Directors. When proxies are properly dated, executed, and returned, the shares represented by such proxies will be voted at the Meeting in accordance with the instructions of the stockholder. If the proxy is dated and signed, but no specific instructions are given, the shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our Board of Directors as described above. If any matters not described in this proxy statement are properly presented at the Meeting, the proxy holders will use their own judgment to determine how to vote the shares. If the Meeting is adjourned or postponed, the proxy holders can vote the shares on the new Meeting date as well, unless you have properly revoked your proxy, as described above.

When stock is held in "street name" (meaning held by a broker or bank, not registered directly in the stockholder's name), such stockholders do not directly execute a proxy card to vote their shares. Instead, they will provide voting instructions to their broker, bank, or other nominee. See "What is the difference between holding shares as a stockholder of record and as a beneficial owner and how do I cast my vote as a stockholder of record and/or beneficial owner?," above.

**Can I change my mind after I vote?**

Yes. If you are a stockholder of record, you can change your vote or revoke your proxy at any time before the polls close at the Meeting. You can change your vote by:

● entering a new vote by Internet or mobile device;

● executing and submitting a later-dated proxy card;

● providing a written revocation to the Secretary of the Company; or

● voting in person at the Meeting.

If you are a street name stockholder who wants to change your voting instructions, you should contact your broker, bank, or other nominee record holder, and inquire about their specific procedures for changing or revoking voting instructions.

**Who will count the votes?**

All votes will be tabulated by the inspector of election appointed for the Meeting.

**Where can I find the voting results of the Meeting?**

We will announce the preliminary voting results at the Meeting and publish final results in a Form 8-K to be filed with the SEC within four business days after the Meeting.

**Who is paying the cost of this solicitation?**

The Company will pay the cost of soliciting proxies on behalf of the Board of Directors. In addition to solicitation by use of the mail, certain of the Company's officers and employees may, without receiving additional compensation, solicit the return of proxies by telephone, e-mail or personal interview. The Company will reimburse brokerage houses and custodians, nominees, and fiduciaries for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in forwarding soliciting materials to their principals, the beneficial owners of Common Stock.

**Is the stockholder list available for review?**

A list of stockholders entitled to vote at the Meeting will be open to examination by any stockholder for any purpose germane to the Meeting during ordinary business hours commencing 10 days before the Meeting. Prior to the Meeting, the list will be maintained at our principal executive offices located at 8302 Dunwoody Place, Suite 250, Atlanta, Georgia 30350.

**How do I obtain a separate set of proxy materials or request a single set for my household?**

Some banks, brokers, and other nominee record holders may be participating in the practice of "householding" proxy statements and annual reports. This means that only one copy of our proxy statement or 2024 Annual Report may have been sent to multiple stockholders in the same household. We will promptly deliver a separate copy of either document to any stockholder upon request submitted in writing to us at Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc., 8302 Dunwoody Place, Suite 250, Atlanta, Georgia 30350, Attention: Secretary, or by calling (770) 587-9898. Any stockholder who wants to receive separate copies of the Company's Annual Report and proxy statement in the future, or who is currently receiving multiple copies and would like to receive only one copy for his or her household, should contact his or her bank, broker or other nominee record holder, or contact us at the above address and phone number.

**PROPOSAL 1 - ELECTION OF DIRECTORS**

The nine nominees for membership on our Board of Directors named below were recommended by our Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee to serve as members of the Board of Directors. All nominees are incumbent directors who meet the qualifications for membership on our Board of Directors as set forth in the Company's Bylaws.

The Company's Bylaws provide that the number of the Company's directors shall be at least three and no more than nine, as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. The Board of Directors has set the size of the Board at nine members.

**Nominees for Directors**

The nominees for membership on our Board of Directors is a diverse group of sophisticated leaders and professionals who meet the standards and qualifications for our directors. The following biographical information includes a discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes or skills that led to the conclusion by our Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee that each of the nominees is qualified to serve as one of our directors.

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| **Lieutenant General (LTG)** <br> **(U.S. Army Ret.)** <br> **Thomas P. Bostick,** <br> **Director**<br> Age: 68<br>| LTG (ret.) Bostick, a director since August 2020, is currently the Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") of Bostick Global Strategies, LLC, a position he has held since July 2016. Bostick Global Strategies, LLC, provides strategic advisory support in the areas of engineering, environmental sustainability, human resources, biotechnology, education, executive coaching, and Agile Project Management. In February 2021, LTG (ret.) Bostick was selected by U. S. Senator Jack Reed, former Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, to serve as a member of the Naming Commission consisting of eight appointed individuals, tasked with renaming Confederate-named military bases and property. In 2023, the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff of the Army requested LTG (ret.) Bostick's assistance in transforming U.S. Army Recruiting Command ("USAREC"). LTG (ret.) Bostick worked with the U.S. Army to develop a plan which USAREC has successfully executed. LTG (ret.) Bostick previously served (from November 2017 to February 2020) as the Chief Operating Officer ("COO") and President of Intrexon Bioengineering, a division of Intrexon Corporation (formerly Nasdaq: XON; now Nasdaq: PGEN). Intrexon Bioengineering addresses global challenges across food, agriculture, environmental, energy, and industrial fields by advancing biologically engineered solutions to improve sustainability and efficiency. Since October 2020, LTG (ret.) Bostick has served as a board member of CSX Corporation (Nasdaq: CSX), a publicly-held rail transportation company, and since December 2020, as a member of both the Finance Committee and the Governance Committee of CSX Corporation. Since June 2021, LTG (ret.) Bostick has served on the Board of Trustees of Fidelity Equity and High Income Funds overseeing equity funds and high yield funds sponsored by Fidelity Investments, Inc., a privately-owned investment management company. LTG (ret.) Bostick continues to serve as a board member for several other privately-held and nonprofit organizations. LTG (ret.) Bostick was named as one of 2021's Most Influential Black Corporate Directors by Savoy Magazine, a national publication that showcases and drives positive dialogue about Black culture. In 2024, the Association of Graduates selected LTG (ret.) Bostick as a Distinguished Graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. <br>LTG (ret.) Bostick has had a distinguished career in the U.S. military, retiring from the U.S. Army in July 2016 with the rank of Lieutenant General. Prior to his retirement, LTG (ret.) Bostick held a variety of positions within the U.S. Army, including the 53<sup>rd</sup> Chief of Engineers and Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (2012-2016) and Deputy Chief of Staff and Director of Human Resources, U.S. Army (2009-2012). LTG (ret.) Bostick has been awarded many military honors and decorations during his military career, including the Distinguished Service Medal, the Defense Superior Service Medal, and the Bronze Star Medal.<br>As a White House Fellow, one of America's most prestigious programs for leadership and public service, LTG (ret.) Bostick was a special assistant to the Secretary of Veterans Affairs.<br>LTG (ret.) Bostick graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and later returned to the Academy to serve as an Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering. He holds Master's degree in both Civil Engineering and Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University, an MBA from Oxford University, and a Doctorate in Systems Engineering from George Washington University. He is a Member of the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Construction.<br>LTG (ret.) Bostick's distinguished career in both the government and private sectors brings valuable experience and insight into solving complex issues domestically and globally. His extensive knowledge and problem-solving experiences enhance the Board's ability to address significant challenges in the nuclear market and led the Board to conclude that he should serve as a director. |

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| **Dr. Louis F. Centofanti,**<br> **Director**<br> Age: 81 | Dr. Centofanti, the founder of the Company and a director of the Company since its inception in 1991, currently holds the position of Executive Vice President ("EVP") of Strategic Initiatives. From March 1996 to September 8, 2017, and from February 1991 to September 1995, Dr. Centofanti held the position of President and CEO of the Company. Dr. Centofanti served as Chairman of the Board from the Company's inception in February 1991 until December 16, 2014. In January 2015, Dr. Centofanti was appointed by the U.S Secretary of Commerce Penny Prizker to serve on the U.S. Department of Commerce's Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee ("CINTAC"). The CINTAC is composed of industry representatives from the civil nuclear industry and meets periodically throughout the year to discuss the critical trade issues facing the U.S. civil nuclear sector. From 1985 until joining the Company, Dr. Centofanti served as Senior Vice President ("SVP") of USPCI, Inc., a large publicly-held hazardous waste management company, where he was responsible for managing the treatment, reclamation and technical groups within USPCI. In 1981, he and Mark Zwecker, a current Board member of the Company, founded PPM, Inc. (later sold to USPCI), a hazardous waste management company specializing in treating PCB (Polychlorinated biphenyls)-contaminated oil. From 1978 to 1981, Dr. Centofanti served as Regional Administrator of the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") for the southeastern region of the United States.<br>Dr. Centofanti has a Ph.D. and a M.S. in Chemistry from the University of Michigan, and a B.S. in Chemistry from Youngstown State University.<br>As founder of Perma-Fix and PPM, Inc., and as a senior executive at USPCI, Dr. Centofanti combines extensive business experience in the waste management industry with a drive for innovative technology which is critical for a waste management company. In addition, his service in the government sector provides a solid foundation for the continuing growth of the Company, particularly within the Company's Nuclear business. Dr. Centofanti's comprehensive understanding of the Company's operations and his extensive knowledge of its history, coupled with his drive for innovation and excellence, positions Dr. Centofanti to optimize our role in this competitive, evolving market, and led the Board to conclude that he should serve as a director. |
| **Mark J. Duff,**<br> **Director**<br> Age 62 | Mr. Duff, the Company's President and CEO since September 2017, has served as a Board member since April 2023. Since joining the Company in 2016, Mr. Duff has developed and implemented strategies to meet growth objectives in both the Treatment and Services Segments. In the Treatment Segment, he continues to upgrade each facility to increase efficiency and modernize and broaden treatment capabilities to meet the changing markets associated with the waste management industry. This growth includes expansion into international and additional market sectors, including development of new clients in the commercial power and oil and gas industries, and advancing new technology to treat PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). In the Services Segment, which encompasses all field operations, he has completed the revitalization of business development programs, which has resulted in increased competitive procurement effectiveness, and broadened the market penetration within both the commercial and government sectors. Within the Services Segment, Mr. Duff has established a team of professionals with experience in conducting safe and efficient field operations while addressing complex technical challenges associated with removal of radioactive and hazardous waste contamination. Mr. Duff has over 40 years of management and technical experience in the DOE and the U.S. Department of Defense ("DOD") environmental and construction markets as, variously, a corporate officer, senior project manager, co-founder of a consulting firm, and federal employee.<br>Mr. Duff has an MBA from the University of Phoenix and received his B.S. from the University of Alabama.<br>Mr. Duff's extensive experience in the government sector has proven invaluable in the continuing growth of the Company's Treatment and Services Segments. Mr. Duff's comprehensive understanding of the Company's operations, his proven leadership skills, and his drive for new innovation in this evolving industry and market, led the Board to conclude that he should serve as a director. |

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| **Kerry C. Duggan,**<br> **Director**<br> Age: 46<br>| Ms. Duggan, a director of the Company since May 2021, is the founder of Energy Security Partners, a global strategic advisory firm that helps clients navigate complex challenges in energy, security, and economic development.<br>In her previous government experience, Ms. Duggan played a key role in shaping national policy as energy and environmental advisor to then-Vice President Joe Biden and Deputy Director of President Obama's Detroit Task Force. She later served on the Biden-Harris Transition Team and was appointed to the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board ("SEAB") under Secretary Jennifer Granholm. Previously, at the DOE, she held senior leadership roles, including Liaison to the City of Detroit under Secretary Ernie Moniz, Director of Legislative, Regulatory, and Urban Affairs, and Stakeholder Engagement Director for the Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy ("EERE").<br>Beyond government, Ms. Duggan was a Partner with the Honorable Thomas J. Ridge's firm, RIDGE-LANE Limited Partners, and served on the external advisory board of the University of Michigan's Erb Institute for Global Sustainable Enterprise and was a board member at the Global Council for Science and the Environment. In 2018, Ms. Duggan was named to the prestigious "40 Under 40" list by Crain's Detroit Business and their inaugural "Notable Leaders in Sustainability" lists. She was named as the Founding Director of the University of Michigan's School for Environmental and Sustainability ("SEAS") Clinic in Detroit.<br>Ms. Duggan sits on the corporate board of directors at Envergia, a privately-held industry leading global solution company for recycling Lithium-ion battery materials and BlueGreen Water Technologies, a privately-held company leading the charge in helping preserve and promote health and safety of water bodies worldwide. She also serves on the corporate advisory boards for a number of privately-held companies that address environmental, energy and climate challenges, including Our Next Energy, Inc. (ONE), Aclima, Inc., BlueConduit, Commonweal Ventures and Arctaris Impact Investors, among others.<br>Ms. Duggan attended the University of Vermont, where she completed her Bachelor of Science degree in environmental studies. Ms. Duggan also has a Master of Science degree in natural resource policy & behavior from the University of Michigan.<br>Ms. Duggan's career in both the government and private sectors brings valuable experience and insight into solving complex issues. Her extensive knowledge and problem-solving experiences led the Board to conclude that she should serve as a director. |
| **Joseph T. Grumski,** <br> **Director**<br> Age: 64 | Mr. Grumski, a director of the Company since February 2020, has served since April 2020 as the CEO of TAS Energy Inc. ("TAS"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Comfort Systems USA, Inc. (NYSE: FIX), a publicly-held company that provides mechanical and electrical contracting services in locations throughout the United States. Mr. Grumski also served as the President of TAS Energy, Inc. from April 2020 to December 2023. Prior to the acquisition of TAS by Comfort Systems USA, Inc., Mr. Grumski served as President and CEO and a board member of TAS from May 2013 to March 2020. From 1997 to February 2013, Mr. Grumski was employed with Science Applications International Corporation ("SAIC") (NYSE: SAIC), a publicly-held company that provides government services and information technology support. During his employment with SAIC, Mr. Grumski held various senior management positions, including the positions of President of SAIC's Energy, Environment & Infrastructure ("E2I") commercial subsidiary and General Manager of the E2I Business Unit. Mr. Grumski's accomplishments with SAIC included growing SAIC's $300 million federal environmental business to a top ranked, $1.1 billion business. Mr. Grumski began his career with Gulf Oil Company and progressed through senior level engineering, operations management, and program management positions with various other companies, including Westinghouse Electric Corporation and Lockheed Martin, Inc. |

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|:---|:---|
|  | Mr. Grumski received a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh and a M.S in Mechanical Engineering from West Virginia University. |
|  | Mr. Grumski has had an extensive career in solving and overseeing solutions to complex issues involving both domestic and international concerns. In addition, his extensive experience in companies that provide services to the government sector, as well as his experience in the commercial sector, provide solid experience for the continuing growth of the Company's Treatment and Services Segment. Mr. Grumski's extensive knowledge and problem-solving experiences, executive operational leadership experience and governance experience enhance the Board's ability to address significant challenges in the nuclear market, and led the Board to conclude that he should serve as a director. |
| **The Honorable Joe R. Reeder, Director**<br> Age: 77 | Mr. Reeder, a director since 2003, is a principal shareholder of the law firm of Greenberg Traurig LLP, one of the world's largest law firms, with 47 offices and 2,900 attorneys worldwide. Mr. Reeder served as Shareholder-in-Charge of the law firm's Mid-Atlantic Region offices for ten years. His clientele includes celebrities, heads of state, sovereign nations, international corporations, and law firms. As the U.S. Army's 14th Undersecretary (1993-97), he also served three years as Chairman of the Panama Canal Commission's Board, overseeing a multibillion-dollar infrastructure program. For the past 23 years, he has served on the Canal's International Advisory Board. He has written extensively in leading journals on corporate cybersecurity and has served on the boards of the USO; the National Defense Industry Association ("NDIA"), chairing NDIA's Ethics Committee; the Armed Services YMCA; the Marshall Legacy Institute; and many other private companies and charitable organizations. He served as a director of ELBIT Systems of America, LLC, (2005-2020), a subsidiary of Elbit Systems Ltd. (Nasdaq: ESLT), a multi-billion-dollar provider of defense, homeland security, and commercial aviation system solutions. Mr. Reeder has also served as director of WashingtonFirst Bank, the bank subsidiary of WashingtonFirst Bankshares, Inc. (Nasdaq: WSBI), from 2004 to 2017; Sandy Spring Bancorp, Inc. (Nasdaq: SASR), from 2018 to 2020; and Trustar Bank, a Virginia state-chartered bank (2022 - present).<br>After two successive 4-year appointments by Virginia Governors Mark Warner and Tim Kaine, Mr. Reeder served seven years as Chairman of two Commonwealth of Virginia military boards, and 10 years on the USO Board of Governors. Appointed by former Governor Terry McAuliffe to the Virginia Military Institute's Board of Visitors (2014), he was reappointed in 2018 by former Virginia Governor Ralph Northam, with his term ending in 2022. Mr. Reeder has been a television commentator on legal and national security issues, is consistently named a Super Lawyer for Washington, D.C., and has served six years after his appointment in 2018 to the U.S. Court of Federal Claims Advisory Council Bid Protest Committee.<br>A West Point graduate who served in the 82nd Airborne Division after Ranger School, Mr. Reeder earned his J.D. from the University of Texas, and his L.L.M. from Georgetown University.<br>He has devoted his career to resolving complex domestic and international issues and continues to enhance the Board in addressing major challenges in the nuclear market and day-to-day corporate and Washington D.C.- related challenges. Mr. Reeder's unique background in law, business, and the highest levels of government led the Board to conclude that he should serve as a director. |

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| **Larry M. Shelton,**<br> **Board Chairman**<br> Age: 71 |
| **The Honorable Zach P. Wamp, Director**<br> Age: 67<br> Mr. Wamp, a director since January 2018, is currently the President of Zach Wamp Consulting, a position he has held since 2011. As the President and owner of Zach Wamp Consulting, he has served some of the most prominent companies from Silicon Valley to Wall Street as a business development consultant and advisor. From September 2013 to November 2017, Mr. Wamp chaired the Board of Directors for Chicago Bridge and Iron Federal Services, LLC (a subsidiary of Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, NYSE: CBI, which provides critical services primarily to the U.S. government). From January 1995 to January 2011, Mr. Wamp served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee's 3<sup>rd</sup> Congressional District. Among his many accomplishments, which included various leadership roles in the advancement of education and science, Mr. Wamp was instrumental in the formation and success of the Tennessee Valley Technology Corridor, which created thousands of jobs for Tennesseans in the areas of high-tech research, development, and manufacturing. During his career in the political arena, Mr. Wamp served on several prominent subcommittees during his 14 years on the House Appropriations Committee, including serving as a "ranking member" of the Subcommittee on Military Construction and Veterans Affairs and Related Agencies. Mr. Wamp has been a regular panelist on numerous media outlets and has been featured in a number of national publications effectively articulating sound social and economic policy. Mr. Wamp's business career has also included work in the real estate sector for a number of years as a licensed industrial-commercial real estate broker, for which he was named Chattanooga's Small Business Person of the Year.<br>Mr. Wamp has an extensive career in solving and overseeing solutions to complex issues involving domestic concerns. In addition, his wide-ranging career, particularly with respect to his government-related work, provides solid experience for the continuing growth of the Company's Treatment and Services Segments. His extensive knowledge and problem-solving expertise enhance the Board's ability to address significant challenges in the nuclear market, and led the Board to conclude that he should serve as a director. |

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| **Mark A. Zwecker,**<br> **Director**<br> Age:74 | Mr. Zwecker, a director since the Company's inception in January 1991, previously served as the CFO and a board member of JCI US Inc. from 2013 to 2019. JCI US Inc. is a telecommunications company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Japan Communications, Inc. (Tokyo Stock Exchange (Securities Code: 9424)), which provides cellular service for M2M (machine to machine) applications. From 2006 to 2013, Mr. Zwecker served as Director of Finance for Communications Security and Compliance Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of JCI US Inc. that develops security software products for the mobile workforce. Mr. Zwecker has held various other senior management positions, including President of ACI Technology, LLC, a privately-held IT services provider, and Vice President of Finance and Administration for American Combustion, Inc., a privately-held combustion technology solutions provider. In 1981, with Dr. Centofanti, Mr. Zwecker co-founded a start-up, PPM, Inc., a hazardous waste management company. He remained with PPM, Inc. until its acquisition in 1985 by USPCI.<br>Mr. Zwecker has a B.S. in Industrial and Systems Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology and an M.B.A. from Harvard University.<br>As a director since our inception, Mr. Zwecker's understanding of our business provides valuable insight to the Board. With years of experience in operations finance for various companies, including a number of waste management companies, Mr. Zwecker combines extensive knowledge of accounting principles, financial reporting rules and regulations, the ability to evaluate financial results, and understanding of financial reporting processes. He has an extensive background in operating complex organizations. Mr. Zwecker's experience and background position him well to serve as a member of our Board. These factors led the Board to conclude that he should serve as a director. |

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Assuming the presence of a quorum for the Meeting, the election of each of the above nominees requires the affirmative vote of a plurality of the shares voted in connection with the election of such nominee. For purposes of the vote on this proposal, abstentions and broker non-votes will not be counted as votes cast and will have no effect on the result of the vote, although they will be considered present for the purpose of determining the presence of a quorum.

**THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTE "FOR" THE ELECTION OF THE NINE NOMINEES AS THE COMPANY'S DIRECTORS.**

**Board Skills Matrix**

The Company is focused on nominating a Board of Directors with a balance of functional expertise, leadership experience, high moral character, critical thinking, and a diversity of backgrounds and tenure necessary to effectively oversee the Company's business. The Company's Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for developing the criteria and qualifications required for directors. The following Board Skills Matrix below reflects how certain relevant and important skills, experience, characteristics and other criteria are currently represented on our Board.

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|:---|:---|
| <br> **KEY SKILLS/EXPERIENCE** | **NUBMER OF DIRECTORS** |
| **Corporate Governance:**<br> Supports management and board accountability, transparency and protection of shareholder interests | 9 |
| **Financial Literacy:**<br> Knowledge of financial reporting, internal controls and procedures and complex financial transactions, as is involved with the Company business | 7 |
| **Government/DOE/DOD Policies:**<br> Significant work experience with government decision makers | <br> 9 |
| **Business/Investment Structures:**<br> Work experience with infrastructure for financial interests and proven success | <br> 8 |
| **Risk Management and Compliance:**<br> Understanding and experience with identification, assessment and oversight of risk management and programs, including cyber-security risks | 9 |
| **Nuclear Waste Management:**<br> Understanding the compliance and environmentally responsible nuclear services and radioactive waste management solutions | 7 |
| **Environmental Studies:**<br> Analytical tools and skills understanding the environment, while emphasizing the role of beliefs, values and ethics of the corporate body | 9 |
| **Human Capital Management:**<br> Experience and understanding talent management and development, executive compensation issues and succession planning efforts | 9 |
| **Regulatory/Legal Processes:**<br> Knowledge of the various regulatory processes governing Perma-Fix business sectors, such as financial, environmental, nuclear, and safety | 9 |
| **International Work:**<br> Experience in overseeing global operations and assessing opportunities and challenges | <br> 9 |

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**Board Gender and Demographic** 

The following table reflects the gender and demographic makeup of the Company's Board of Directors.

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|:---|:---|
|  | Demographic |
| Name Gender <sup>(1)</sup> | Identity <sup>(2)</sup> |
| LTG (ret.) Thomas P. Bostick M | A,B |
| Dr. Louis F. Centofanti M | W |
| Mark J. Duff | W |
| Kerry C. Duggan F | W |
| Joseph T. Grumski M | W |
| Honorable Joe R. Reeder M | W |
| Larry M. Shelton | W |
| Honorable Zach P. Wamp M | W |
| Mark A. Zwecker | W |

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<sup>(1)</sup> M-Male, F-Female.

<sup>(2)</sup> A-Asian, B-Black or African American, W-White.

In addition to the above, two of our nine current directors are miliary veterans.

**Board Independence**

Our Common Stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules requires a majority of a listed company's board of directors to be comprised of independent directors. In addition, the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company's audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent under applicable provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Audit committee members must also satisfy independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, and compensation committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10C-1 under the Exchange Act. Under Nasdaq Rule 5605(a)(2), a director will only qualify as an "independent director" if, in the opinion of our Board, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee, accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries or otherwise be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10C-1, the board must consider, for each member of a compensation committee of a listed company, all factors specifically relevant to determining whether a director has a relationship to such company which is material to that director's ability to be independent from management in connection with the duties of a compensation committee member, including, but not limited to: the source of compensation of the director, including any consulting advisory or other compensatory fee paid by such company to the director; and whether the director is affiliated with the company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates.

Our Board annually reviews the composition of our Board of Directors and its committees and the independence of each director. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his/her background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our Board of Directors has determined that Ms. Kerry C. Duggan and each of Messrs. Thomas P. Bostick, Joseph T. Grumski, Joe R. Reeder, Larry M. Shelton, Zach P. Wamp and Mark A. Zwecker is an "independent director" as defined under the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Our Board of Directors has also determined that each member of our Audit Committee, consisting of Mark A. Zwecker (Chairperson), Joseph T. Grumski, and Larry M. Shelton, and each member of our Compensation and Stock Option Committee, consisting of Joseph T. Grumski (Chairperson), Zach P. Wamp, and Mark A. Zwecker, satisfy the independence standards for such committees established by the SEC and the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules, as applicable. In making such determination, our Board of Directors considered the relationships that each non-employee director has with our Company and all other facts and circumstances our Board of Directors deemed relevant in determining independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director.

Our Board of Directors has determined that neither Dr. Louis Centofanti nor Mark J. Duff is deemed to be an "independent director" because of each such person's employment as a senior executive officer of the Company.

**Board Leadership Structure**

We currently separate the roles of Chairman of the Board and CEO. The Board believes that this leadership structure promotes balance between the Board's independent authority to oversee our business, and the CEO and his management team, who manage the business on a day-to-day basis.

The Company does not have a written policy with respect to the separation of the positions of Chairman of the Board and CEO. The Company believes it is important to retain its flexibility to allocate the responsibilities of the offices of the Chairman and CEO in any way that is in the best interests of the Company at a given point in time; therefore, the Company's leadership structure may change in the future as circumstances may dictate.

Mark A. Zwecker, a current member of our Board, continues to serve as the Independent Lead Director, a position he has held since February 2010. The Lead Director's role includes:

● convening and chairing meetings of the non-employee directors as necessary from time to time and Board meetings in the absence of the Chairman of the Board;

● acting as liaison between directors, committee chairs and management;

● serving as information sources for directors and management; and

● carrying out responsibilities as the Board may delegate from time to time.

**Meetings and Committees of the Board of Directors**

During 2024, the Board of Directors held six meetings. No director attended fewer than 75% of the aggregate number of meetings held by the Board of Directors and the committees on which he served during 2024. The Company does not currently have a policy with respect to the attendance of its directors at annual meetings; however, the Company encourages each of its directors to attend whenever possible. All members of our Board of Directors attended our 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The Board of Directors has a standing Audit Committee, Compensation and Stock Option Committee, Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, Strategic Advisory Committee, and Demand Review Committee.

 

*Audit Committee:*

The Audit Committee assists the Board of Directors in monitoring the integrity of the financial statements of the Company, the independent auditor's qualifications and independence, the performance of the Company's internal audit function and independent auditor, the Company's management of cybersecurity and the Company's compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. In carrying out these purposes, the Audit Committee, among other things:

● appoints, evaluates, and approves the compensation of the Company's independent auditor;

● pre-approves all auditing services and permitted non-audit services;

● annually considers the qualifications and independence of the independent auditors;

● reviews recommendations of independent auditors concerning the Company's accounting principles, internal controls, and accounting procedures and practices;

● reviews and approves the scope of the annual audit;

● reviews and discusses with the independent auditors the audited financial statements;

● reviews and provides oversight of the Company's cybersecurity processes and polices, including risk assessments and incident reporting;

● reviews and provides oversight of any related party transactions; and

● performs such other duties as set forth in the Audit Committee Charter.

The Audit Committee was established in accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act and the listing requirements of the Nasdaq and is governed by an Audit Committee Charter. A copy of the Audit Committee Charter is available on our website at <u>https://ir.perma-fix.com/governance-docs</u>. The Audit Committee has established procedures for the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, and the confidential, anonymous submission of concerns by employees of the Company regarding accounting or auditing matters. The Audit Committee has the authority to retain internal or external legal counsel and other experts in connection with performing the Audit Committee duties.

The Audit Committee members during 2024 were Mark A. Zwecker (Chairperson), Joseph T. Grumski, and Larry M. Shelton. The Board of Directors has determined that each member of the Audit Committee is/was "independent," as that term is defined for an audit committee member under the Exchange Act and Nasdaq Rule 5605(c). Additionally, our Board has also determined that two members of our Audit Committee are "audit committee financial experts" as defined by Item 407(d)(5)(ii) of Regulation S-K of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). The Audit Committee meets at least quarterly and at such additional times as necessary or advisable. The Audit Committee held 24 meetings during 2024.

*Compensation and Stock Option Committee:* 

The Compensation and Stock Option Committee (the "Compensation Committee") reviews and recommends to the Board of Directors the compensation and benefits of all of the Company's officers and reviews general policy matters relating to compensation and benefits of the Company's employees. The Compensation Committee also administers the Company's stock option plans. The Compensation Committee has the sole authority to retain and terminate a compensation consultant, as well as to approve the consultant's fees and other terms of engagement. It also has the authority to obtain advice and assistance from internal or external legal, accounting or other advisors. No compensation consultant was employed during 2024. Members of the Compensation Committee during 2024 were Joseph T. Grumski (Chairperson), Zach P. Wamp, and Mark A. Zwecker. All members of the Compensation Committee are/were "independent" as that term is defined by current Nasdaq listing standards. The Compensation Committee meets as often as may be deemed necessary or appropriate in its judgment. The Compensation Committee held six meetings during 2024. The Compensation Committee is governed by the Company's Compensation and Stock Option Committee Charter, which is available on our website at <u>https://ir.perma-fix.com/governance-docs</u>.

 

*Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee:*

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee (the "Governance and Nominating Committee") has specific responsibilities which include:

● considering and making recommendations to the Board regarding the composition and chairmanship of the committees of our Board;

● developing and making recommendations to our Board regarding corporate governance guidelines which include policies and procedures that promote honest and ethical conduct and prohibit conflict of interest in business conduct;

● overseeing evaluations of the Board's performance, including committees of the Board; and

● overseeing Company practices and initiatives with respect to environmental, social and governance matters.

The Governance and Nominating Committee recommends to the Board of Directors candidates to fill vacancies on the Board and the nominees for election as directors at each annual meeting of stockholders. In making such recommendations, the Governance and Nominating Committee takes into account information provided to them from the candidates, as well as the Committee's own knowledge and information obtained through inquiries to third parties to the extent the Committee deems appropriate. The Company's Bylaws sets forth certain minimum director qualifications to qualify as a nominee for election as a director. To qualify for nomination or for election as a director, an individual must:

● be an individual at least 21 years of age who is not under legal disability;

● have the ability to be present, in person, at all regular and special meetings of the Board of Directors;

● not serve on the boards of more than three other publicly-held companies;

● satisfy the director qualification requirements of all environmental and nuclear commissions, boards or similar regulatory or law enforcement authorities to which the Company is subject so as not to cause the Company to fail to satisfy any of the licensing requirements imposed by any such authority;

● not be affiliated with, employed by or be a representative of, or have or acquire a material personal involvement with, or material financial interest in, any "Business Competitor" (as defined in the Bylaws);

● not have been convicted of a felony or of any misdemeanor involving moral turpitude; and

● have been nominated for election to the Board of Directors in accordance with the terms of the Bylaws.

In addition to the minimum director qualifications as mentioned above, in order for any proposed nominee to be eligible to be a candidate for election to the Board of Directors, such candidate must deliver to the Governance and Nominating Committee a completed questionnaire with respect to the background, qualifications, stock ownership and independence of such proposed nominee. The Governance and Nominating Committee reviews each candidate's qualifications to include considerations of:

● standards of integrity, personal ethics and values, commitment, and independence of thought and judgment;

● ability to represent the interests of the Company's stockholders;

● ability to dedicate sufficient time, energy and attention to fulfill the requirements of the position; and

● diversity of skills and experience with respect to accounting and finance, management and leadership, business acumen, vision and strategy, charitable causes, business operations, and industry knowledge.

The Governance and Nominating Committee does not assign specific weight to any particular criteria, and no particular criterion is necessarily applicable to all prospective nominees. The Governance and Nominating Committee does not have a formal policy for the consideration of diversity in identifying nominees for directors. However, diversity is one of the many factors taken into account when considering potential candidates to serve on the Board of Directors. The Company recognizes that diversity in professional and life experiences may include consideration of gender, race, cultural background or national origin, in identifying individuals who possess the qualifications that the Governance and Nominating Committee believes are important to be represented on the Board. The Company also views and values diversity from the perspective of professional and life experiences, as well as geographic location, representative of the markets in which we do business. The Company believes that the inclusion of diversity as one of many factors considered in selecting director nominees is consistent with the Company's goal of creating a board of directors that best serves our needs and those of our shareholders.

 

*Stockholder Nominees*

The Governance and Nominating Committee will consider properly submitted stockholder nominations for candidates for membership on the Board from stockholders who meet each of the requirements set forth in the Bylaws, including, but not limited to, the requirements that any such stockholder own at least 1% of the Company's shares of the Common Stock entitled to vote at the meeting on such election, has held such shares continuously for at least one full year, and continuously holds such shares through and including the time of the annual or special meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board may be made at any Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or at any Special Meeting of Stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors. Any stockholder nomination ("Proposed Nominee") must comply with the requirements of the Company's Bylaws and the Proposed Nominee must meet the minimum qualification requirements as discussed above. For a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must provide advance written notice to the Governance and Nominating Committee, delivered to the Company's principal executive office address (i) in the case of an Annual Meeting of Stockholders, no later than the 90<sup>th</sup> day nor earlier than the 120<sup>th</sup> day prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding Annual Meeting of Stockholders; and (ii) in the case of a Special Meeting of Stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the 10<sup>th</sup> day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the Special Meeting of Stockholders is made.

The Governance and Nominating Committee will evaluate the qualification of the Proposed Nominee and the Proposed Nominee's disclosure and compliance requirements in accordance with the Company's Bylaws. If the Board, upon the recommendation of the Governance and Nominating Committee, determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the Company's Bylaws, the Chairman of the Meeting shall declare the nomination defective, and it will be disregarded.

Members of the Governance and Nominating Committee during 2024 were Joe R. Reeder (Chairperson), Thomas P. Bostick, Kerry C. Duggan, and Zach P. Wamp. The Governance and Nominating Committee meets at least quarterly and at such times as necessary or advisable and held four meetings in 2024. The Governance and Nominating Committee is governed by a Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Charter, which is available on our website at <u>https://ir.perma-fix.com/governance-docs</u>. All members of the Governance and Nominating Committee are/were "independent" as that term is defined by current Nasdaq listing standards.

*Strategic Advisory Committee:* 

The primary functions of the Strategic Advisory Committee ("Strategic Committee") are to investigate and evaluate strategic alternatives available to the Company and to work with management on long-range strategic planning and identification of potential new business opportunities. Members of the Strategic Advisory Committee during 2024 were Dr. Louis F. Centofanti (Chairperson), Kerry C. Duggan, Joe R. Reeder, and Zach P. Wamp. The Strategic Committee held four meetings in 2024. The Strategic Advisory Committee is governed by a Strategic Advisory Committee Charter, which is available on our website at <u>https://ir.perma-fix.com/governance-docs</u>.

*Demand Review Committee*

The Demand Review Committee was established in March 2025 to review, analyze and evaluate shareholder demands and to make recommendations to the Board with respect to such demands. The Demand Review Committee is ad hoc, in that composition of the Demand Review Committee will necessarily change in response to specific shareholder demand and will meet at such times as necessary or advisable. The Demand Review Committee held two meetings as of the date of this Proxy Statement. The Demand Review Committee is governed by a Demand Review Charter, which is available on our website at <u>https://ir.perma-fix.com/governance-docs</u>.

**Risk Oversight by Our Board**

The Board is responsible for understanding the risks the Company faces, what steps management is taking to manage those risks and if the steps taken are effective in managing those risks. It is also important that the Board understands what level of risk is appropriate for the Company. While the Board has the ultimate oversight responsibility for the risk management process, certain committees play an integral part in fulfilling the Board's oversight responsibilities in certain areas of risk. In particular, the Audit Committee focuses on financial and enterprise risk exposures, including internal controls and cybersecurity (including oversight of appropriate risk prevention and mitigation strategies, systems, processes and controls). The Audit Committee reviews and discusses with management and internal audit our major financial risk exposures, including risks related to fraud, liquidity and regulatory compliance, our policies with respect to risk assessment and risk management, cybersecurity management, and the steps management has taken to monitor and control such exposures at least quarterly and whenever warranted. The Compensation Committee strives to create incentives that do not encourage excessive risk-taking beyond the Company's ability to effectively identify and manage risk. The Governance and Nominating Committee monitors the effectiveness of our governance guidelines and provides oversight of programs, policies and practices relating to environmental and social issues and impacts to support the sustainable growth of the Company's businesses. The Demand Review Committee focuses on financial and reputational risks arising from litigations that may result from shareholder demands. The participation of our Board in our risk oversight process includes engaging in discussion and receiving regular reports from members of senior management on areas of material risk to the Company, including operational, financial, legal and regulatory, environmental, cybersecurity, and strategic and reputational risks. Each of our directors has access to our named executive officers and any other members of our management to discuss and monitor potential risks.

**Code of Ethics**

Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics ("Code of Ethics"), which applies to our Board and all our employees, including our CEO and our senior financial officers, complies with applicable SEC rules and Nasdaq listing standards. and is available on our website at <u>https://ir.perma-fix.com/governance-docs</u>. The provisions of the Code of Ethics that apply to the CEO and our senior financial officers, including our CFO and our chief accounting officer, complies with the requirements imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules issued thereunder for codes of ethics applicable to such officers. If any amendments are made to the Code of Ethics, or any grants of waivers are made to any provision of the Code of Ethics, that is applicable to our CEO and our senior financial officers, we will promptly disclose the amendment or waiver and nature of such amendment or waiver on our website at the same web address.

**Clawback Policy**

We maintain a Clawback Policy to comply with the applicable SEC rules and Nasdaq listing standards. The Clawback Policy requires the Company to recoup erroneously awarded incentive compensation earned by the covered officers during the three fiscal years that precede the date on which the Company determines it is required to prepare a "Big R" or "little r" accounting restatement. The Clawback Policy applies to those officers who are subject to Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act and applies to incentive-based compensation (i.e., compensation that is earned in whole or in part based on the attainment of financial reporting measures). A copy of the Clawback Policy is also available on our website at <u>https://ir.perma-fix.com/governance-docs</u>.

**Stock Trading, Reporting and Blackout Policy ("Stock Trading Policy")**

The Company is committed to promoting high standards of ethical business practices and compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations. As part of our commitment to these standards, we have adopted the Stock Trading Policy governing the purchase, sale, and other dispositions of Company securities by its directors, officers, and employees. The Stock Trading Policy also strongly discourages employees, officers and directors from engaging in certain types of transactions, which include short sales, margin accounts, standing and limit order, or other inherently speculative transactions with respect to the Company's stock at any time. Stock Trading Policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules, and regulations. A copy of our Stock Trading Policy was filed as Exhibit 19 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 13, 2025, and is also available on our website at <u>https://ir.perma-fix.com/governance-docs</u>.

**Compensation of Directors**

Directors who are employees receive no additional compensation for serving on the Board or its committee(s). In 2024, the Company provided the following annual compensation to each non-employee director and the committee(s) for which he/she serves:

● a
 quarterly fee of $11,500;

● an
 additional quarterly fee of $8,750 to the Chairman of the Board;

● an
 additional quarterly fee of $6,250 to the Chairman of the Audit Committee;

● an
 additional quarterly fee of $3,125 to the Chairman of each of the Compensation Committee,
 the Governance and Nominating Committee, and the Strategic Committee. The Chairman of the
 Board was not eligible to receive a quarterly fee for serving as the Chairman of any the
 aforementioned committees;

● an
 additional $1,250 to each Audit Committee member (excluding the Chairman of the Audit Committee);

● an
 additional quarterly fee of $500 to each member of the Compensation Committee, the Governance
 and Nominating Committee, and the Strategic Committee. Such fee was payable only if the member
 did not also serve as the Chairman of any other standing committees or as the Chairman of
 the Board; and

● a
 fee of $1,000 for each in-person board meeting attended and a $500 fee for meeting attended
 virtually.

Each director may elect to have either 65% or 100% of such fees payable in Common Stock under the 2003 Outside Directors Stock Plan ("2003 Outside Directors Plan"), with the balance, if any, payable in cash. Each non-employee director was also granted a Non-Qualified Stock Option ("NQSO") to purchase 10,000 shares of Common Stock upon reelection with vesting period of 25% per year, beginning on the first anniversary date of the grant, with each option having a 10-year term.

As an executive officer of the Company, each Dr. Louis Centofanti and Mark Duff, is not eligible to receive compensation for his respective service as a director of the Company (See "Executive Compensation," - "Summary Compensation" table for each of Dr. Centofanti's and Mark Duff's annual salary and other compensation as an employee of the Company).

The table below summarizes the director compensation expenses recognized by the Company for director options and stock awards (resulting from fees earned) for the year ended December 31, 2024. The terms of the 2003 Outside Directors Plan are further described below under "2003 Outside Directors Plan."

**<u>Director Compensation</u>**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Name | Fees Earned or Paid In Cash | Stock Awards | Option Awards | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation | Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings | All Other Compensation | Total |
|  | ($) <sup>(1)</sup> | ($) <sup>(2)</sup> | ($) <sup>(4)</sup> | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) |
| Thomas P. Bostick |  | 68680 | 68700<sup>(3)</sup> |  |  |  | 137380 |
| Kerry C. Duggan | 18725 | 46382 | 68700<sup>(3)</sup> |  |  |  | 133807 |
| Joseph T. Grumski |  | 89996 | 68700<sup>(3)</sup> |  |  |  | 158696 |
| Joe R. Reeder |  | 82006 | 68700<sup>(3)</sup> |  |  |  | 150706 |
| Larry M. Shelton | 31500 | 77995 | 68700<sup>(3)</sup> |  |  |  | 178195 |
| Zach P. Wamp | 19600 | 48535 | 68700<sup>(3)</sup> |  |  |  | 136835 |
| Mark A. Zwecker | 26600 | 65870 | 68700<sup>(3)</sup> |  |  |  | 161170 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Under the 2003 Outside Directors Plan, each director elects to receive 65% or 100% of the director's fees in shares of our Common Stock. The amounts set forth above represent the portion of the director's fees paid in cash and exclude the value of the director's fee elected to be paid in Common Stock under the 2003 Outside Directors Plan, which values are included under "Stock Awards."

<sup>(2)</sup> The number of shares of Common Stock comprising stock awards granted under the 2003 Outside Directors Plan is calculated based on 75% of the closing market value of the Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq on the business day immediately preceding the date that the quarterly fee is due. Such shares are fully vested on the date of grant. The value of the stock award is based on the market value of our Common Stock at each quarter end times the number of shares issuable under the award. The amount shown is the fair value of the Common Stock on the date of the award.

<sup>(3)</sup> Reflects options granted under the Company's 2003 Outside Directors Plan resulting from re-election to the Board on July 18, 2024. Options are for a 10-year period with an exercise price of $10.20 per share and vest 25% per year, beginning on the first anniversary date of the grant. The value of the option award for each outside director is calculated based on the fair value of the option per share (approximately $6.87) on grant date times the number of options granted, which was 10,000 for each director, pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 718, "Compensation – Stock Compensation."

<sup>(4)</sup> The following table reflects the aggregate number of outstanding NQSOs held by the Company's directors as of December 31, 2024. As an employee of the Company or its subsidiaries, neither Dr. Centofanti nor Mark Duff is eligible to participate in the 2003 Outside Directors Plan. Options reflected below for each of Dr. Centofanti and Mark Duff were granted from the 2017 Stock Option Plan:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | Options Outstanding at |
| Name | December 31, 2024 |
| Dr. Louis F. Centofanti | 50000 |
| Thomas P. Bostick | 46000 |
| Mark J. Duff | 145000 |
| Kerry C. Duggan | 46000 |
| Joseph T. Grumski | 48400 |
| Joe R. Reeder | 32500 |
| Larry M. Shelton | 54400 |
| Zach P. Wamp | 53200 |
| Mark A. Zwecker | 54400 |
| Total | 529900 |

---

**2003 Outside Directors Plan**

We believe that it is important for our directors to have a personal interest in our success and growth and for their interests to be aligned with those of our stockholders; therefore, under our 2003 Outside Directors Plan, each outside director is granted a 10-year NQSO to purchase up to 20,000 shares of Common Stock on the date such director is initially elected to the Board, and receives on each re-election date a NQSO to purchase up to another 10,000 shares of our Common Stock, with the exercise price being the fair market value of the Common Stock immediately preceding the option grant date. Common Stock shares subject to option granted vest at 25% per year, beginning on the first anniversary date of the grant and no option shall be exercisable after the expiration of ten years from the date the option is granted.

As a member of the Board, each director may elect to receive either 65% or 100% of his or her director's fee in shares of our Common Stock. The number of shares received by each director is calculated based on 75% of the fair market value of the Common Stock determined on the business day immediately preceding the date that the quarterly fee is due. The balance of each director's fee, if any, is payable in cash. In 2024, fees earned by our outside directors totaled approximately $576,000.

In the event of a "change of control" (as defined in the 2003 Outside Directors Plan) or by reason of the director's death or Disability (as defined), each outstanding stock option and stock award shall immediately become exercisable in full notwithstanding the vesting or exercise provisions contained in the stock option agreement.

**Communications with the Board**

The Company's Board of Directors believes that it is important for the Company to have a process that enables stockholders to send communications to the Board. Accordingly, stockholders who wish to communicate with the Board of Directors or a particular director may do so by sending a letter to the Secretary of the Corporation, at 8302 Dunwoody Place, Suite 250, Atlanta, Georgia 30350. The mailing envelope must clearly indicate that the enclosed letter is a "Stockholder-Board Communication" or "Stockholder-Director Communication." All such letters must identify the author as a stockholder and clearly state whether the intended recipients are all members of the Board of Directors or only certain specified individual directors. The Secretary of the Corporation will make copies of all such letters and circulate them to the appropriate director or directors.

**Family Relationships**

There are no family relationships between any of the Company's existing directors, executive officers, or persons nominated or chosen to become a director or executive officer. Dr. Centofanti and Mark Duff are the only directors who are employees of the Company.

**Certain Relationships and Related Transactions**

 

*Audit Committee Review*

Our Audit Committee Charter provides for the review by the Audit Committee of any related party transactions, other than transactions involving an employment relationship with the Company, which are reviewed by the Compensation Committee. Although we do not have written policies for the review of related party transactions, the Audit Committee reviews transactions between the Company and its directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of any class of the Company's voting securities, and their respective immediate family members. In reviewing a proposed transaction, the Audit Committee takes into account, among other factors it deems appropriate:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) the
 extent of the related person's interest in the transaction;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) whether
 the transaction is on terms generally available to an unaffiliated third-party under the
 same or similar circumstances;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) the
 cost and benefit to the Company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) the
 impact or potential impact on a director's independence in the event the related party
 is a director, an immediate family member of a director, or an entity in which a director
 is a partner, stockholder, or executive officer;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5) the
 availability of other sources for comparable products or services;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6) the
 terms of the transaction; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(7) the
 risks to the Company.

In addition, as applicable, the Audit Committee considers Section 144 of the Delaware General Corporation Law ("DGCL") and the Company's Code of Ethics.

The provisions of Section 144 of the DGCL apply to transactions between the Company and any of its officers or directors, or any organization in which any such individual has a financial interest or serves as a director or officer (individually, a "Section 144 Related Party," and, collectively, "Section 144 Related Parties"). Section 144 provides that a transaction between a corporation and any Section 144 Related Party will not be void or voidable solely because such transaction involves the corporation and the Section 144 Related Party, or solely because the Section 144 Related Party is present at or participates or votes in the meeting of the board or committee which authorizes the transaction, if the transaction (a) is approved in good faith after full disclosure of the material facts of the transaction by a majority vote of (i) the disinterested directors, or (ii) the stockholders, and (b) is fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved, or ratified by the board, a committee or the stockholders.

Our Code of Ethics, which applies to our Board and all our employees, including the executive officers identified under the heading "Named Executive Officers" and our senior financial officers, provide that such individuals must exhibit and promote honest and ethical conduct in connection with the performance of his or her duties for and on behalf of the Company, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest involving such individual and the Company, by, among other considerations:

● not entering into a transaction that would result in a conflict of interest with what is in the best interest of the Company and that is reasonably likely to result in material personal gain to any such individuals or their affiliates; and

● not having a personal financial interest in any of the Company's suppliers, customers or competitors that could cause divided loyalty as a result of having the ability to influence the Company's decisions with that particular supplier or customer or actions to be taken by the Company that could materially benefit a competitor.

Related party transactions are reviewed by the Audit Committee prior to the consummation of the transaction. With respect to a related party transaction arising between Audit Committee meetings, the CFO may present it to the Audit Committee Chairperson, who will review and may approve the related party transaction subject to ratification by the Audit Committee at the next scheduled meeting. Our Audit Committee shall approve only those transactions that, in light of known circumstances, are consistent with the Company's best interests.

*Related Party Transactions*

 

*<u>David Centofanti</u>.* David Centofanti serves as our Vice President of Information Systems. For such position, he received annual compensation of $191,000 in 2024. David Centofanti is the son of Dr. Louis F. Centofanti, our EVP of Strategic Initiatives and a Board member.

**Audit Committee Report**

The Audit Committee is responsible for providing independent objective oversight of the Company's accounting functions and internal controls. In accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, the Audit Committee of the Company states that:

● The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Company's audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

● The Audit Committee has discussed with Grant Thornton LLP, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2024, the matters required to be discussed by Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB") Auditing Standards No. 16 ("Communications with Audit Committees"), as modified or supplemented.

● The Audit Committee has received the written disclosures and the letter from Grant Thornton LLP, required by PCAOB Rule 3526, "Communication with Audit Committees Concerning Independence," as modified or supplemented, and has discussed with Grant Thornton LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm's independence.

In connection with the Audit Committee's discussion with Grant Thornton LLP, as described above, the Audit Committee discussed and considered the nature and scope of the audit services performed by Grant Thornton LLP, for the year ended December 31, 2024, and determined that the audit services provided by Grant Thornton LLP, were compatible with maintaining the independence of Grant Thornton LLP.

Based upon the review and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Company's audited financial statements be included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, for filing with the SEC. The Audit Committee has appointed Grant Thornton LLP, as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm for 2025.

This report is submitted on behalf of the members of the Audit Committee:

Mark A. Zwecker (Chairperson)

Joseph T. Grumski

Larry M. Shelton

The Report of the Audit Committee shall not be deemed to be "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC, nor shall it be incorporated by any general statement incorporating by reference this Proxy Statement into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates this information by reference, and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under such Acts.

**NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS**

The following table sets forth, as of the date hereof, information concerning certain named executive officers, referred to throughout this Proxy Statement as our "Named Executive Officers" or "NEOs":

The following table sets forth, as of the date hereof, information concerning our executive officers:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| NAME | AGE | POSITION |
| Mr. Mark Duff | 62 | President and CEO |
| Mr. Ben Naccarato | 62 | CFO, EVP, and Secretary |
| Mr. Troy Eshleman | 55 | COO |
| Dr. Louis Centofanti | 81 | EVP of Strategic Initiatives |
| Mr. Richard Grondin | 66 | EVP of Hanford and International Waste Operations |

---

**Mr. Mark Duff** 

See "Nominees for Directors – Mark J. Duff" for information on Mr. Duff.

**Mr. Ben Naccarato**

Mr. Naccarato has served as the Company's CFO since February 2009. Mr. Naccarato joined the Company in September 2004, holding the positions of Vice President of Finance for the Company's Industrial Segment until May 2006, when he was named Vice President, Corporate Controller/Treasurer. Mr. Naccarato has over 37 years of experience in senior financial positions in the waste management and used oil industries. Mr. Naccarato was the CFO of a privately-held company in the fuel distribution and used waste oil industry from 2002 to 2004 and prior to that served in numerous senior financial roles in the waste management industry in both the US and Canada. Mr. Naccarato is a graduate of the University of Toronto with a Bachelor of Commerce and Finance Degree and is a Chartered Professional Accountant, Certified Management Accountant (CPA, CMA).

Since March 2021, Mr. Naccarato has served as an independent director and as a member of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, and the Strategic Initiatives Committee of PyroGenesis, Inc., a high-tech company involved in the design, development, manufacture and commercialization of advanced plasma processes and products and whose stock is listed for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

**Mr. Troy Eshleman**

Mr. Troy Eshleman was appointed to the position of COO by the Board of Directors, effective January 23, 2025. Mr. Troy Eshleman was originally hired by the Company on January 6, 2025 as Vice President of Operations.

Mr. Eshleman has more than 34 years' experience in radioactive waste management facility operations, environmental remediation, hazardous and radioactive material logistics, and facility decommissioning. Mr. Eshleman specializes in commissioning commercially viable solutions to radioactive waste challenges and improving facility operational performance. Prior to joining Perma-Fix, Mr. Eshleman founded in 2019 and served until 2024 as the President of Oakleaf Environmental, Inc., a consulting firm specializing in mergers and acquisitions, business strategy and integration, and technical support to a variety of private equity and commercial clients, as well as the U.S Department of Energy, and Naval Reactors, the U.S. government office that has comprehensive responsibility for the safe and reliable operation of the United States Navy's nuclear reactors. Mr. Eshleman was previously employed by EnergySolutions, Inc., a privately-held nuclear services company that is one of the largest processors of low level radioactive waste (LLW) in America, and its predecessor companies for 27 years in a variety of positions of increasing responsibility focused on the leadership of North American waste processing facility operations, nuclear power plant decommissioning, logistics, international project management, and business development roles, including as Senior Vice-President of Corporate Business Development and Strategy, Senior Vice President of Commercial Waste Processing, Senior Vice-President of Global Logistics, Senior Vice-President of Decommissioning Operations, and Senior Vice-President of EnergySolutions Italia S.r.l. Mr. Eshleman holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering Technology from the University of Pittsburgh.

**Dr. Louis Centofanti**

See "Nominees for Directors – Dr. Louis F. Centofanti" for information on Dr. Centofanti.

**Mr. Richard Grondin**

Mr. Grondin was appointed to the position of EVP of Hanford and International Waste Operations by the Board of Directors, effective January 23, 2025. Prior to his appointment to such office, Mr. Grondin previously served as the Company's EVP of Waste Treatment Operations since July 2020. Since joining the Company in 2002, Mr. Grondin has held various positions within the Company's Treatment Segment, including Vice President of Technical Services, Vice President/General Manager of the Perma-Fix Northwest Richland, Inc. Facility and Vice President of Western Operations. Mr. Grondin, a Project Management Professional, has over 35 years of management and technical experience in the highly regulated and specialized radioactive/hazardous waste management industry with the majority of his experience concentrated on managing start-up waste management processing and disposal facilities for four different organizations in the commercial and government sectors. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Grondin held the position of Vice President of Mixed Waste Operations for Allied Technology Group in Richland, Washington; Vice President of Operations for Waste Control Specialists in Andrews Texas; and Technical Manager/Director of Operations for Rollins Environmental Services Facility in Deer Trail, Colorado. Mr. Grondin is recognized in the United States and Canada as an authority in hazardous and mixed waste treatment. Mr. Grondin has a Diploma of Collegial Studies in Pure and Applied Sciences from CEGEP of Amiante (Thetford-Mines, Canada) and Analytical Chemistry Techniques from CEGEP of Ahuntsic (Montreal, Canada), a Geography minor from Montreal University (Montreal, Canada) and a Certificate of Business Management from the School of Higher Commercial Studies from Montreal University (Montreal, Canada).

**EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION**

**Summary Compensation**

The following table summarizes the total compensation of the Company's NEOs for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Name and Principal Position | Year | Salary | Bonus | Option Awards | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation | All other Compensation | Total Compensation |
|  |  | ($) | ($) | ($) <sup>(1)</sup> | ($) <sup>(2)</sup> | ($) <sup>(3)</sup> | ($) |
| Mark Duff | 2024 | 417155 |  |  |  | 39306 | 456461 |
| President and CEO | 2023 | 382367 |  | 140840 | 187435 | 37453 | 748095 |
|  | 2022 | 374870 |  |  |  | 41270 | 416140 |
| Ben Naccarato | 2024 | 332811 |  |  |  | 52359 | 385170 |
| EVP and CFO | 2023 | 310867 |  | 80480 | 152386 | 51744 | 595477 |
|  | 2022 | 304772 |  |  |  | 51484 | 356256 |
| Dr. Louis Centofanti | 2024 | 277346 |  |  |  | 28910 | 306256 |
| EVP of Strategic Initiatives | 2023 | 259060 |  | 60360 | 126990 | 39015 | 485425 |
|  | 2022 | 253980 |  |  |  | 38776 | 292756 |
| Richard Grondin | 2024 | 285267 |  |  |  | 41330 | 326597 |
| EVP of Waste Treatment Operations <sup>(4)</sup> | 2023 | 266458 |  | 60360 | 130617 | 40890 | 498325 |
|  | 2022 | 261233 |  |  |  | 38240 | 299473 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Reflects the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation – Stock Compensation."

<sup>(2)</sup> Represents performance compensation earned under the Company's Management Incentive Plans ("MIPs"). None of the named executive officers earned performance compensation under his respective MIP for 2024. The 2024 MIP for each individual in the table is described under the heading "2024 MIPs."

<sup>(3)</sup> The amount shown for 2024 includes a monthly automobile allowance, insurance premiums (health, disability and life) paid by the Company on behalf of the NEO, and 401(k) matching contributions.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Name | Insurance <br>Premium | Auto Allowance | 401(k) match | Total |
| Mark Duff | $22681 | $9000 | $7625 | $39306 |
| Ben Naccarato | $35734 | $9000 | $7625 | $52359 |
| Dr. Louis Centofanti | $12285 | $9000 | $7625 | $28910 |
| Richard Grondin | $24705 | $9000 | $7625 | $41330 |

---

<sup>(4)</sup> On January 23, 2025, the Board appointed Mr. Grondin to the position of EVP of Hanford and International Waste Operations. Mr. Grondin remains an executive officer of the Company.

**Pay Versus Performance Table**

As required by Section 953(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following information about the relationship between executive compensation actually paid and certain financial performance of the Company.

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Year | Summary<br> Compensation Table (SCT)<br> Total for Principal<br> Executive Officer (PEO)<sup>(1)</sup> | Compensation<br> Actually Paid<br> to PEO <sup>(2)</sup> | Average Summary<br> Compensation Table<br> Total for Non-<br> PEO NEOs <sup>(3)</sup> | Average<br> Compensation<br> Actually Paid<br> to Non-PEO NEOs <sup>(4)</sup> | Value of Initial<br> Fixed $100<br> Investment Based On<br> Total Shareholder<br> Return <sup>(5)</sup> | Net (loss)<br> Income) <sup>(6)</sup> |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | (e) | (f) | (g) |
| 2024 | $456461 | $701902 | $339341 | $455363 | $175 | $(19979000) |
| 2023 | $748095 | $999730 | $542263 | $661212 | $124 | $485000 |
| 2022 | $416140 | $276985 | $317086 | $250745 | $56 | $(3816000) |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Reflect amount for Mark Duff, President and CEO for each corresponding year in the "Total Compensation" column of the Summary Compensation Table above.

<sup>(2)</sup> The dollar amounts reported in column (c) represent the amount of "compensation actually paid" to Mr. Duff, as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K. The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual amount of compensation earned by or paid to Mr. Duff during the applicable year. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, the following adjustments were made to Mr. Duff**'s** total compensation for each year to determine the "compensation actually paid" under Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Reported Summary<br> Compensation Table<br>Total for PEO  | Reported Value <br>of Equity<br>Awards (a) | Equity Award <br>Adjustments (b) | Compensation Actually <br>Paid to PEO |
| Year | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) |
| 2024 | $456461 | $- | $245441 | $701902 |
| 2023 | $748095 | $(140840) | $392475 | $999730 |
| 2022 | $416140 | $- | $(139155) | $276985 |

---

(a) The grant date fair value
 of equity awards represents the total of the amounts reported in the "Option Awards" column in the Summary Compensation
 Table for the applicable year.

(b) The equity award adjustments
 for each applicable year include the addition (or subtraction, as applicable) of the following: (i) the year-end fair value of any
 equity awards granted in the applicable year that are outstanding and unvested as of the end of the year; (ii) the amount of change
 as of the end of the applicable year (from the end of the prior fiscal year) in fair value of any awards granted in prior years that
 are outstanding and unvested as of the end of the applicable year; (iii) for awards that are granted and vest in same applicable year,
 the fair value as of the vesting date; (iv) for awards granted in prior years that vest in the applicable year, the amount equal to
 the change as of the vesting date (from the end of the prior fiscal year) in fair value; (v) for awards granted in prior years that
 are determined to fail to meet the applicable vesting conditions during the applicable year, a deduction for the amount equal to the
 fair value at the end of the prior fiscal year; and (vi) the dollar value of any dividends or other earnings paid on stock or option
 awards in the applicable year prior to the vesting date that are not otherwise reflected in the fair value of such award or included
 in any other component of total compensation for the applicable year. The valuation assumptions used to calculate fair values did not
 materially differ from those disclosed at the time of grant. The amounts deducted or added in calculating the equity award adjustments
 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year End<br> Fair<br> Value of<br> Outstanding<br> and Unvested<br> Equity Awards<br> Granted<br> in the Year | Year over<br> Year<br> Change<br> in Fair<br> Value of<br> Outstanding<br> and Unvested<br> Equity Award<br> Granted<br> in Prior<br> Years | Fair Value<br> as of<br> Vesting<br> Date of<br> Equity Awards<br> Granted and<br> Vested in<br> the Year | Year over<br> Year<br> Change<br> in Fair<br> Value of<br> Equity<br> Award<br> Granted<br> in Prior<br> Years<br> that<br> Vested<br> in the<br> Year | Fair Value<br> at the<br> End of<br> the Prior<br> Year of<br> Equity<br> Awards that<br> Failed to<br> Meet Vesting<br> Conditions in<br> the Year | Value of<br> Dividends or<br> other Earnings<br> Paid<br> on Stock<br> or Option<br> Awards not<br> Otherwise<br> Reflected<br> in Fair<br> Value or<br> Total<br> Compensation | Total<br> Equity<br> Award<br> Adjustments |
| Year | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) |
| 2024 | $- | $200408 | $- | $45033 | $- | $- | $245441 |
| 2023 | $245070 | $101015 | $- | $46390 | $- | $- | $392475 |
| 2022 | $- | $(99870) | $- | $(39285) | $- | $- | $(139155) |

---

<sup>(3)</sup> For fiscal year 2024, amount reflects the average of the amounts reported for the Company's NEO as a group (excluding Mr. Duff) in the "Total Compensation" column of the Summary Compensation Table. For each of the fiscal years 2023 and 2022, the average amount reported also included Mr. Andrew Lombardo, who retired from the position of EVP of Nuclear and Technical Services effective January 1, 2024, and was no longer an executive officer of the Company. The names of each of the NEOs (excluding Mr. Duff) included for purposes of calculating the average amount for fiscal year 2024 were Ben Naccarato, CFO; Dr. Louis Centofanti, EVP of Strategic Initiatives; and Richard Grondin, EVP of Waste Treatment Operations. For each of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, the average amounts also included Andy Lombardo, who held the position of EVP of Nuclear and Technical Services and was an executive officer of the Company during the periods.

<sup>(4)</sup> The dollar amounts reported in column (e) represent the average amount of "compensation actually paid" to the NEOs as a group (excluding Mr. Duff), as computed in accordance with Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K. The dollar amounts do not reflect the actual average amount of compensation earned by or paid to NEOs as a group (excluding Mr. Duff) during the applicable year. See Footnote (3) above for the NEOs (excluding Mr. Duff) included for each of the fiscal years. In accordance with the requirements of Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K, the following adjustments were made to average total compensation for the NEOs as a group (excluding Mr. Duff) for each year to determine the compensation actually paid, using the same methodology described in Note (2):

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Average<br> Reported<br> Summary<br> Compensation<br> Table<br> Total for<br> Non-PEO NEOs | Average<br> Reported<br> Value of<br> Equity<br> Awards | Average<br> Equity<br> Award<br> Adjustments (a) | Average<br> Compensation<br> Actually<br> Paid to<br> Non-PEO<br> NEOs |
| Year | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) |
| 2024 | $339341 | $- | $116022 | $455363 |
| 2023 | $542263 | $(65390) | $184339 | $661212 |
| 2022 | $317086 | $- | $(66341) | $250745 |

---

(a) The amount deducted or added in calculating the total average equity adjustments are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Average <br>Year <br>End Fair <br>Value of <br>Outstanding <br>and <br>Unvested <br>Equity Awards <br>Granted in <br>the Year | Average <br>Year over <br>Year <br>Change in <br>Fair <br>Value of <br>Outstanding <br>and <br>Unvested <br>Equity <br>Award <br>Granted <br>in Prior <br>Years | Average <br>Fair Value <br>as of <br>Vesting <br>Date of <br>Equity <br>Awards <br>Granted <br>and <br>Vested <br>in the <br>Year | Average <br>Year over <br>Year <br>Change <br>in Fair <br>Value of <br>Equity <br>Award <br>Granted in <br>Prior <br>Years <br>that <br>Vested <br>in the <br>Year | Average <br>End of <br>the Prior <br>Year of <br>Equity <br>Awards <br>that <br>Failed to <br>Meet <br>Vesting <br>Conditions <br>in the <br>Year | Average <br>Value of <br>Dividends or <br>other <br>Earnings <br>Paid on <br>Stock or <br>Option <br>Awards not <br>Otherwise <br>Reflected in <br>Fair Value <br>or Total <br>Compensation | Average <br>Total <br>Equity <br>Award <br>Adjustments |
| Year | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) |
| 2024 | $- | $94968 | $- | $21054 | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | $116022 |
| 2023 | $113783 | $48478 | $- | $22078 | $- | $- | $184339 |
| 2022 | $- | $(48134) | $- | $(18207) | $- | $- | $(66341) |

---

<sup>(5)</sup> Reflects total shareholder return ("TSR") based on a fixed investment of $100 on January 3, 2022.

<sup>(6)</sup> The dollar amounts reported represent the amount of net (loss) income reflected in our consolidated audited financial statements for the applicable year.

All information provided in the "Pay Versus Performance" table above and the related disclosures will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any such filing.

**Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End**

The following table sets forth unexercised options held by the NEOs as of the fiscal year-end.

**<u>Outstanding Equity Awards at December 31, 2024</u>**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Option Awards | Option Awards | Option Awards | Option Awards |  |
| Name | Number of <br> Securities <br> Underlying <br> Unexercised <br> Options (#) <br> Exercisable | Number of<br> Securities<br> Underlying<br> Unexercised<br> Options (#) <sup>(1)</sup><br> Unexercisable | Equity <br> Incentive <br> Plan <br> Awards: <br> Number of <br> Securities <br> Underlying <br> Unexercised <br> Unearned <br> Options (#) | Option <br> Exercise <br> Price ($) | Option <br> Expiration <br> Date |
| Mark Duff | 25000<sup>(2) (5)</sup> | –<sup>(2)</sup> |  | 3.150 | 1/17/2025 |
|  | 30000<sup>(3)</sup> | 20000<sup>(3)</sup> |  | 7.005 | 10/14/2027 |
|  | 14000<sup>(4)</sup> | 56000<sup>(4)</sup> |  | 3.950 | 1/19/2029 |
| Ben Naccarato | 15000<sup>(2) (6)</sup> | –<sup>(2)</sup> |  | 3.150 | 1/17/2025 |
|  | 15000<sup>(3)</sup> | 10000<sup>(3)</sup> |  | 7.005 | 10/14/2027 |
|  | 8000<sup>(4)</sup> | 32000<sup>(4)</sup> |  | 3.950 | 1/19/2029 |
| Dr. Louis Centofanti | 12000<sup>(3)</sup> | 8000<sup>(3)</sup> |  | 7.005 | 10/14/2027 |
|  | 6000<sup>(4)</sup> | 24000<sup>(4)</sup> |  | 3.950 | 1/19/2029 |
| Richard Grondin | 5000<sup>(3)</sup> | 10000<sup>(3)</sup> |  | 7.005 | 10/14/2027 |
|  | –<sup>(4)</sup> | 24000<sup>(4)</sup> |  | 3.950 | 1/19/2029 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Pursuant to each of the employment agreements between the Company and, respectively, Mark Duff, Ben Naccarato, Dr. Louis Centofanti, and Richard Grondin, each dated April 20, 2023, in the event of a change in control, death of the executive officer, the executive officer terminates his employment for "good reason" or the executive officer is terminated by the Company without cause, each outstanding option and award shall immediately become exercisable in full (see "Employment Agreements" below for further discussion of the events pursuant to which accelerated exercise of the respective NEO's outstanding options can arise).

<sup>(2)</sup> Incentive stock option ("ISO") granted on January 17, 2019, under the Company's 2017 Stock Option Plan. The option has a contractual term of six years with one-fifth yearly vesting over a five-year period.

<sup>(3)</sup> Incentive stock option granted on October 14, 2021, under the Company's 2017 Stock Option Plan. The option has a contractual term of six years with one-fifth yearly vesting over a five-year period.

<sup>(4)</sup> Incentive stock option granted on January 19, 2023, under the Company's 2017 Stock Option Plan. The option has a contractual term of six years with one-fifth yearly vesting over a five-year period.

<sup>(5)</sup> On January 8, 2025, Mr. Duff exercised 100% of his ISO granted to him on January 17, 2019 under the Company's 2017 Stock Plan for the purchase of up to 25,000 shares (Option Shares) of the Company's Common Stock at $3.15 per share. As permitted by the 2017 Stock Option Plan, Mr. Duff elected to pay the exercise price of the Option Shares by having the Company withhold from the Option Shares a number of shares having a fair market value equal to the aggregate exercise price of $78,750. Since the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock on January 8, 2025, (as determined in accordance with the 2017 Stock Option Plan) was $10.58 per share, the Company withheld 7,443 shares of Common Stock ($78,750 divided by $10.58) to pay the aggregate exercise price for the Option Shares and issued 17,557 shares to Mr. Duff.

<sup>(6)</sup> On January 8, 2025, Mr. Naccarato exercised 100% of his ISO granted to him on January 17, 2019 under the Company's 2017 Stock Option Plan for the purchase of up to 15,000 shares (Option Shares) of the Company's Common Stock at $3.15 per share. As permitted by the 2017 Stock Option Plan, Mr. Naccarato elected to pay the exercise price of the Option Shares by having the Company withhold from the Option Shares a number of shares having a fair market value equal to the aggregate exercise price of $47,250. Since the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock on January 8, 2025, (as determined in accordance with the 2017 Stock Option Plan) was $10.58 per share, the Company withheld 4,466 shares of Common Stock ($47,250 divided by $10.58) to pay the aggregate exercise price for the Option Shares and issued 10,534 shares to Mr. Naccarato.

**Option Exercises**

The table below reflects options exercised by our NEOs in 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Name | **Number of Shares<br> Acquired on Exercise (#)** | **Value<br> Realized<br> on Exercise ($)** |
| Richard Grondin | 1455<sup>(1)</sup> | $16840<sup>(1)</sup> |
|  | 3946<sup>(2)</sup> | $45650<sup>(2)</sup> |
|  | 3952<sup>(3)</sup> | 45720<sup>(3)</sup> |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> On March 26, 2024, Mr. Grondin exercised the remaining ISO granted to him on January 17, 2019, for the purchase of 2,000 shares (Option Shares) of the Company's Common Stock at $3.15 per share. As permitted by the 2017 Stock Option Plan, Mr. Grondin elected to pay the exercise price of the Option Shares by having the Company withhold from the Option Shares a number of shares having a fair market value equal to the aggregate exercise price of $6,300. Since the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock on March 26, 2024, (as determined in accordance with the 2017 Stock Option Plan) was $11.57 per share, the Company withheld 545 shares of Common Stock ($6.300 divided by $11.57) to pay the aggregate exercise price of the option and issued 1,455 shares to Mr. Grondin. Realized value on this exercise was determined based on the difference between the (a) exercise price ($3.15) per share of the Option Shares multiplied by the 2,000 Option Shares exercised, and (b) the market value ($11.57) on the date of exercise of the Option Shares times the 2,000 Option Shares exercised.

<sup>(2)</sup> On March 26, 2024, Mr. Grondin exercised the vested portion of the ISO granted to him on October 14, 2021, for the purchase of 10,000 shares (Option Shares) of the Company's Common Stock at $7.005 per share. As permitted by the 2017 Stock Option Plan, Mr. Grondin elected to pay the exercise price of the Option Shares by having the Company withhold from the Option Shares a number of shares having a fair market value equal to the aggregate exercise price of $70,050. Since the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock on March 26, 2024, (as determined in accordance with the 2017 Stock Option Plan) was $11.57 per share, the Company withheld 6,054 shares of Common Stock ($70,050 divided by $11.57) to pay the aggregate exercise price of the option and issued 3,946 shares to Mr. Grondin. Realized value on this exercise was determined based on the difference between the (a) exercise price ($7.005) per share of the Option Shares multiplied by the 10,000 Option Shares exercised, and (b) the market value ($11.57) on the date of exercise of the Option Shares times the 10,000 Option Shares exercised.

<sup>(3)</sup> On March 26, 2024, Mr. Grondin exercised the vested portion of the ISO granted to him on January 19, 2023, for the purchase of 6,000 shares (Option Shares) of the Company's Common Stock at $3.95 per share. As permitted by the 2017 Stock Option Plan, Mr. Grondin elected to pay the exercise price of the Option Shares by having the Company withhold from the Option Shares a number of shares having a fair market value equal to the aggregate exercise price of $23,700. Since the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock on March 26, 2024, (as determined in accordance with the 2017 Stock Option Plan) was $11.57 per share, the Company withheld 2,048 shares of Common Stock ($23,700 divided by $11.57) to pay the aggregate exercise price of the option and issued 3,952 shares to Mr. Grondin. Realized value on this exercise was determined based on the difference between the (a) exercise price ($3.95) per share of the Option Shares multiplied by the 6,000 Option Shares exercised, and (b) the market value ($11.57) on the date of exercise of the Option Shares times the 6,000 Option Shares exercised.

**Employment Agreements**

Each of Mark Duff, President and CEO; Ben Naccarato, EVP and CFO; and Dr. Louis Centofanti, EVP of Strategic Initiatives, has an employment agreement with the Company dated April 20, 2023. On January 23, 2025, the Board appointed Mr. Richard Grondin to the position of EVP of Hanford and International Waste Operations. Prior to his appointment to such office, Mr. Grondin previously served as the Company's EVP of Waste Treatment Operations and, in connection therewith, also had an employment agreement with the Company dated April 20, 2023. Mr. Grondin remains an executive officer of the Company upon his appointment to the position of EVP of Hanford and International Waste Operations and, accordingly, his employment agreement dated April 20, 2023, was amended solely to reflect his new position. Additionally, in connection with the appointment of Troy Eshleman to the position of COO on January 23, 2025, the Company and the COO entered into an employment agreement on April 17, 2025 (each employment agreement dated April 20, 2023 and April 17, 2025 above, is individually the "Employment Agreement" and, collectively, the "Employment Agreements").

Each of the Employment Agreements for the CEO, CFO, EVP of Strategic Initiative and EVP of Hanford and International Operations is effective for three years from April 20, 2023 to April 20, 2026 (the "Initial Term") and the Employment Agreement for the COO is effective April 17, 2025 to April 20, 2026 (the "Initial Term") unless earlier terminated by the Company or by the executive officer. At the end of the Initial Term, each Employment Agreement will automatically be extended for one additional year, unless at least six months prior to the expiration of the Initial Term, the Company or the executive officer provides written notice not to extend the terms of the Employment Agreement.

Each of the Employment Agreements, which are substantially identical except for compensation and the "Initial Term" (for the COO), provides for a specified annual base salary, which annual salary may be increased from time to time, but not reduced, as determined by the Compensation Committee. In addition, each of the NEOs is entitled to participate in the Company's broad-based benefits plans and to certain performance compensation payable under separate Management Incentive Plans ("MIPs") as approved by the Company's Compensation Committee and Board. The Company's Compensation Committee and the Board approved individual 2024 MIPs on January 18, 2024, (which were effective January 1, 2024, and applicable for the 2024 fiscal year) for each of the executive officers: Mark Duff, Ben Naccarato, Dr. Louis Centofanti and Richard Grondin (see discussion of each of the 2024 MIPs below under "2024 MIPs").

Pursuant to the Employment Agreements, if the executive officer's employment is terminated due to death, disability or for cause (as defined in the agreements), the Company will pay to the executive officer or to his estate an amount equal to the sum of any unpaid base salary and accrued unused vacation time through the date of termination and any benefits due to the executive officer under any employee benefit plan (the "Accrued Amounts") plus any performance compensation payable pursuant to the executive officer's MIP with respect to the fiscal year immediately preceding the date of termination. In the event that the executive officer's employment is terminated due to death, the Company will also pay a lump-sum payment (the "Cash Medical Continuation Benefit") equal to eighteen times the monthly premium that would be required to be paid, pursuant to the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended ("COBRA"), to continue group health coverage for the executive officer's eligible covered dependents in effect on the date of the executive officer's termination of employment, based on the premium for the first month of COBRA coverage. Such cash payment will be taxable and will be made regardless of whether the executive officer's eligible covered dependents elect COBRA continuation coverage.

If the executive officer terminates his employment for "good reason" (as defined in the agreements) or is terminated by the Company without cause (including any such termination for "good reason" or without cause within 24 months after a Change in Control (as defined in the agreements), the Company will pay the executive officer Accrued Amounts, (a) two years of full base salary, plus (b) (i) two times the performance compensation (under the executive officer's MIP) earned with respect to the fiscal year immediately preceding the date of termination provided the performance compensation earned with respect to the fiscal year immediately preceding the date of termination has not yet been paid, or (ii) if performance compensation earned with respect to the fiscal year immediately preceding the date of termination has already been paid to the executive officer, the executive officer will be paid an additional year of the performance compensation earned with respect to the fiscal year immediately preceding the date of termination, and (c) the Cash Medical Continuation Benefit. If the executive officer terminates his employment for a reason other than for good reason, the Company will pay to the executive officer an amount equal to the Accrued Amounts plus any performance compensation payable pursuant to the MIP applicable to such executive officer.

Additionally, in the event of a Change in Control (as defined in the agreements), all outstanding stock options to purchase the common stock held by the executive officer will immediately become exercisable in full commencing on the date of termination through the original term of the options. In the event of the death of an executive officer, all outstanding stock options to purchase common stock held by the executive officer will immediately become exercisable in full commencing on the date of death, with such options exercisable for the lesser of the original option term or twelve months from the date of the executive officer's death. In the event an executive officer terminates his employment for "good reason" (as defined in the agreements) or is terminated by the Company without cause, all outstanding stock options to purchase common stock held by the officer will immediately become exercisable in full commencing on the date of termination, with such options exercisable for the lesser of the original option term or within 60 days from the date of the executive officer's date of termination. Severance benefits payable with respect to a termination (other than Accrued Amounts) shall not be payable until the termination constitutes a "separation from service" (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(h)).

**Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control**

The following table sets forth the potential (estimated) payments and benefits to which each executive officer would be entitled upon termination of employment by the executive officer for "good reason" or by the Company "without cause," or following a Change in Control of the Company, as specified under each of their respective Employment Agreements with the Company, assuming each circumstance described below occurred on December 31, 2024, the last day of our most recent fiscal year. Such potential payments include any Accrued Amounts (accrued base salary earned for 2024 but paid in 2025, as well as accrued unused vacation/sick time and other vested benefits under the Company plans in which the executive officer participates). The executive officer is not entitled to payment of any benefits upon termination for cause or resignation without good reason other than for Accrued Amounts.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Name and Principal Position<br> Potential Payment/Benefit | By Executive<br> for Good<br> Reason or by<br> Company<br> Without<br> Cause | Change in<br> Control<br> of the<br> Company |
| Mark Duff |  |  |
| President and CEO |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Base salary and Accrued Amounts | $843790<sup>(1)</sup> | $843790<sup>(1)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Performance compensation | $–<sup>(2)</sup> | $–<sup>(2)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock Options | $899650<sup>(3)</sup> | $899650<sup>(3)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash Medical Benefit Cotinuation | $36540<sup>(4)</sup> | $36540<sup>(4)</sup> |
| Ben Naccarato |  |  |
| EVP and CFO |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Base salary and Accrued Amounts | $722152<sup>(1)</sup> | $722152<sup>(1)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Performance compensation | $–<sup>(2)</sup> | $–<sup>(2)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock Options | $505225<sup>(3)</sup> | $505225<sup>(3)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash Medical Benefit Cotinuation | $60408<sup>(4)</sup> | $60408<sup>(4)</sup> |
| Dr. Louis Centofanti |  |  |
| EVP of Strategic Initiatives |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Base salary and Accrued Amounts | $738340<sup>(1)</sup> | $738340<sup>(1)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Performance compensation | $–<sup>(2)</sup> | $–<sup>(2)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock Options | $294000<sup>(3)</sup> | $294000<sup>(3)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash Medical Benefit Cotinuation | $20644<sup>(4)</sup> | $20644<sup>(4)</sup> |
| Richard Grondin |  |  |
| EVP of Waste Treatment Operations |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Base salary and Accrued Amounts | $663371<sup>(1)</sup> | $663371<sup>(1)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Performance compensation | $–<sup>(2)</sup> | $–<sup>(2)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock Options | $231855<sup>(3)</sup> | $231855<sup>(3)</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash Medical Benefit Cotinuation | $41850<sup>(4)</sup> | $41850<sup>(4)</sup> |

---

(1) Represents
 two times the base salary of the executive officer at December 31, 2024, plus "Accrued
 Amounts."

(2) Represents
 two times the performance compensation earned for fiscal year 2024. None of the NEOs earned
 performance compensation for fiscal 2024 (see "2024 MIPs" below).

(3) Benefit
 is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price of each option and the market
 value of the Company's Common Stock per share (as reported on the Nasdaq) at December
 31, 2024, times the number of options outstanding at December 31, 2024. Benefit excludes
 options which were out-of-the-money at December 31, 2024.

(4) Represents
 a lump-sum payment equal to eighteen times the monthly premium that would be required to
 be paid to continue group health coverage for the executive officer's eligible covered
 dependents in effect on the date of the executive officer's termination of employment
 as defined in the employment agreement,

**2024 Executive Compensation Components**

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, the principal components of compensation for executive officers were:

● base salary;

● performance-based incentive compensation;

● long term incentive compensation;

● retirement and other benefits; and

● perquisites.

Based on the amounts set forth in the Summary Compensation table, during 2024, salary accounted for approximately 89.0% of the total compensation of our NEOs, while equity option awards, MIP compensation, bonus and other compensation accounted for approximately 11.0% of the total compensation of the NEOs.

**Base Salary**

The NEOs, other officers, and other employees of the Company receive a base annual salary. Base salary ranges for executive officers are determined for each executive based on his or her position and responsibility by using market data and comparisons to similar companies within the business segments in which the Company operates.

During its review of base salaries for executives, the Compensation Committee primarily considers:

● market data and comparisons to similar companies within the business segments in which the Company operates;

● internal review of the executive's compensation, both individually and relative to other officers; and

● individual performance of the executive.

Salary levels are typically considered annually as part of the performance review process as well as upon a promotion or other change in job responsibility. Merit-based salary increases for executives are based on the Compensation Committee's assessment of the individual's performance. The base salary for the executives are set forth in their respective employment agreements, which annual salary may be increased from time to time, but not reduced, as determined by the Compensation Committee. On January 23, 2025, the Board appointed Mr. Richard Grondin to the position of EVP of Hanford and International Waste Operations, at an annual salary of $315,267. Prior to his appointment to such office, Mr. Grondin previously served as the EVP of Waste Treatment Operations. Additionally, on January 23, 2025, the Board appointed Mr. Troy Eshleman to the position of COO, at an annual salary of $320,000. Mr. Troy Eshleman was originally hired by the Company on January 6, 2025 as Vice President of Operations.

**Performance-Based Incentive Compensation**

The Compensation Committee has the latitude to design cash and equity-based incentive compensation programs to promote high performance and achievement of our corporate objectives by directors and the NEOs, encourage the growth of stockholder value and enable employees to participate in our long-term growth and profitability. The Compensation Committee may grant stock options and/or performance bonuses. In granting these awards, the Compensation Committee may establish any conditions or restrictions it deems appropriate. In addition, the CEO has discretionary authority to grant stock options to certain high-performing executives or officers, subject to the approval of the Compensation Committee. The exercise price for each stock option granted is at or above the market price of our Common Stock on the date of grant. Stock options may be awarded to newly hired or promoted executives at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. Grants of stock options to eligible newly hired executive officers are generally made at the next regularly scheduled Compensation Committee meeting following the hire date.

**2024 MIPs**

On January 18, 2024, the Compensation Committee and the Board (with Mr. Mark Duff and Dr. Louis Centofanti abstaining) approved individual MIPs for the calendar year 2024 for each of the NEOs. Each of the MIPs was effective January 1, 2024.

The performance compensation payable under each MIP was based upon meeting certain of the Company's separate target objectives during 2024 as described in each of the MIPs below, provided, however, no performance compensation was to be paid for attaining any of the Company's separate target objectives unless a minimum of 75% of the EBITDA target objective was achieved. The Compensation Committee believes performance compensation payable under each of the MIPs should be based on achievement of at least 75% of EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization), a non-U.S. GAAP (accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America) financial measurement, as the Company believes that this target provides a better indicator of operating performance as it excludes certain non-cash items. EBITDA has certain limitations as it does not reflect all items of income or cash flows that affect the Company's financial performance under U.S. GAAP. In formulating such targets, the Compensation Committee and the Board considered 2023 results, the Board-approved budget for 2024, economic conditions, forecasts for 2024 government spending, as well as the Compensation Committee's expectation for performance that in its estimation would warrant payment of incentive cash compensation.

Performance compensation amounts under the 2024 MIPs, if earned, were to be paid on or about 90 days after year-end, or sooner, based on finalization of our audited financial statements for 2024. No compensation was earned under any of the MIPs for the NEOs in 2024.

The Compensation Committee retained the right to modify, change or terminate each MIP and may adjust the various target amounts described below, at any time and for any reason.

The total to be paid to the NEOs under the MIPs was not to exceed 50% of the Company's pre-tax net income prior to the calculation of performance compensation.

The following schedules reflect performance compensation that was payable under each of the MIPs, along with a description of the target objectives.

*<u>CEO MIP</u>:*

 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Annualized Base Pay: | $417155 |
| Performance Incentive Compensation Target (at 100% of Plan): | $208578 |
| Total Annual Target Compensation (at 100% of Plan): | $625733 |

---

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.

2024 Management Incentive Plan

CEO MIP MATRIX

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Target Objectives | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 75%-89% | 90%-110% | 111%-129% | 130%-150% | >150% |
| Revenue (1) (6) | $10429 | $20858 | $35756 | $50655 | $80451 |
| EBITDA (2) | 62572 | 125146 | 214537 | 303927 | 482708 |
| Health & Safety (4) (6) | 15643 | 31287 | 31287 | 31287 | 31287 |
| Permit & License Violations (5) (6) | 15643 | 31287 | 31287 | 31287 | 31287 |
|  | $104287 | $208578 | $312867 | $417156 | $625733 |

---

 

*<u>CFO MIP</u>:*

 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Annualized Base Pay: | $332811 |
| Performance Incentive Compensation Target (at 100% of Plan): | $166406 |
| Total Annual Target Compensation (at 100% of Plan): | $499217 |

---

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.

2024 Management Incentive Plan

CFO MIP MATRIX

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Target Objectives | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 75%-89% | 90%-110% | 111%-129% | 130%-150% | >150% |
| Revenue (1) (6) | $8320 | $16641 | $27338 | $36847 | $43979 |
| EBITDA (2) | 62401 | 124805 | 164029 | 221082 | 263872 |
|  | 70721 | 141446 | 191367 | 257929 | 307851 |

---

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Regulatory Filing (3) (6) | 24960 | 24960 | 24960 | 24960 | 24960 |
|  | $95681 | $166406 | $216327 | $282889 | $332811 |

---

*<u>EVP of Strategic Initiatives MIP:</u>*

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Annualized Base Pay: | $277346 |
| Performance Incentive Compensation Target (at 100% of Plan): | $138673 |
| Total Annual Target Compensation (at 100% of Plan): | $416019 |

---

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.

2024 Management Incentive Plan

EVP OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVES MIP MATRIX

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Target Objectives | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 75%-89% | 90%-110% | 111%-129% | 130%-150% | >150% |
| Revenue (1) (6) | $6935 | $13867 | $22782 | $30706 | $36649 |
| EBITDA (2) | 52002 | 104006 | 136692 | 184237 | 219897 |
| Health & Safety (4) (6) | 5200 | 10400 | 10400 | 10400 | 10400 |
| Permit & License Violations (5) (6) | 5200 | 10400 | 10400 | 10400 | 10400 |
|  | $69337 | $138673 | $180274 | $235743 | $277346 |

---

*<u>EVP of Waste Treatment Operations MIP:</u>*

 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Annualized Base Pay: | $285267 |
| Performance Incentive Compensation Target (at 100% of Plan): | $142634 |
| Total Annual Target Compensation (at 100% of Plan): | $427901 |

---

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.

2024 Management Incentive Plan

EVP OF WASTE TREATMENT OPERATIONS MIP MATRIX

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Target Objectives | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 75%-89% | 90%-110% | 111%-129% | 130%-150% | >150% |
| Revenue (1) (6) | $7132 | $14263 | $20376 | $28527 | $34640 |
| EBITDA (2) | 42789 | 85581 | 122257 | 171160 | 207837 |
| Health & Safety (4) (6) | 10698 | 21395 | 21395 | 21395 | 21395 |
| Permit & License Violations (5) (6) | 10698 | 21395 | 21395 | 21395 | 21395 |
|  | $71317 | $142634 | $185423 | $242477 | $285267 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Revenue was defined as the total consolidated third-party top line revenue as publicly reported in the Company's 2024 financial statements. The percentage achieved was determined by comparing the actual consolidated revenue for 2024 to the Board-approved revenue target for 2024.

<sup>(2)</sup> EBITDA was defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization from continuing and discontinued operations. The percentage achieved was determined by comparing the actual EBITDA to the Board-approved EBITDA target for 2024.

<sup>(3)</sup> Regulatory Filing Incentive Target was based on meeting all deadlines (including allowable extension granted by the SEC) for the Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and 8-Ks required by the SEC.

<sup>(4)</sup> The Health and Safety Incentive target was based upon the actual number of Worker's Compensation Lost Time Accidents ("WCLTA"), as provided by the Company's Worker's Compensation carrier. For the EVP of Waste Treatment Operations, the incentive target was based on actual number of WCLTA in the Treatment Segments only. The Corporate Controller submitted a report on a quarterly basis documenting and confirming the number of Worker's Compensation Lost Time Accidents, supported by the Worker's Compensation Loss Report provided by the company's carrier or broker. Such claims were identified on the loss report as "indemnity claims." The following number of Worker's Compensation Lost Time Accidents and corresponding performance target thresholds was established for the annual Incentive Compensation Plan calculation for 2024.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Work Comp. <br>Claim Number | Performance <br>Target Achieved |
| 3 | 75%-89% |
| 2 | 90%-110% |
| 1 | 111%-129% |
| 1 | 130%-150% |
| 1 | >150% |

---

<sup>(5)</sup> Permits or License Violations incentive was earned/determined according to the scale set forth below: An "official notice of non-compliance" was defined as an official communication during 2024 from a local, state, or federal regulatory authority alleging one or more violations of an otherwise applicable Environmental, Health or Safety requirement or permit provision, which resulted in a facility's implementation of corrective action(s) which included a material financial obligation, as determined by the Company's Board of Directors in their sole discretion, to the Company .

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Permit and <br>License Violations | Performance <br>Target Achieved |
| 3 | 75%-89% |
| 2 | 90%-110% |
| 1 | 111%-129% |
| 1 | 130%-150% |
| 1 | >150% |

---

<sup>(6)</sup> No performance incentive compensation was payable for the target objective unless a minimum of 75% of the EBITDA target objective was achieved.

**2025 MIPs**

On January 23, 2025, the Compensation Committee and the Board (with Mr. Mark Duff and Dr. Louis Centofanti abstaining) approved individual MIPs for the calendar year 2025 for each of the NEOs. Each of the MIPs is effective January 1, 2025.

The performance compensation payable under each MIP is based upon meeting certain of the Company's separate target objectives during 2025 as described in each of the MIPs below, provided, however, no performance compensation will be paid for attaining any of the Company's separate target objectives unless a minimum of 75% of the EBITDA target objective is achieved. In formulating such targets, the Compensation Committee and the Board considered 2024 results, the Board-approved budget for 2025, economic conditions, forecasts for 2025 government spending, as well as the Compensation Committee's expectation for performance that in its estimation would warrant payment of incentive cash compensation.

Performance compensation amounts under the 2025 MIPs are to be paid on or about 90 days after year-end, or sooner, based on finalization of our audited financial statements for 2025.

The Compensation Committee retains the right to modify, change or terminate each MIP and may adjust the various target amounts described below, at any time and for any reason.

The total to be paid to the NEOs under the MIPs shall not exceed 50% of the Company's pre-tax net income prior to the calculation of performance compensation.

The following schedules reflect performance compensation payable under each of the MIPs, along with a description of the target objectives.

*<u>CEO MIP</u>:*

 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Annualized Base Pay: | $417155 |
| Performance Incentive Compensation Target (at 100% of Plan): | $208578 |
| Total Annual Target Compensation (at 100% of Plan): | $625733 |

---

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.

2025 Management Incentive Plan

CEO MIP MATRIX

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Target Objectives | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 75%-89% | 90%-110% | 111%-129% | 130%-150% | >150% |
| Revenue (1) (7) | $10429 | $20858 | $35756 | $50655 | $80451 |
| EBITDA (2) | 62572 | 125146 | 214537 | 303927 | 482708 |
| Health & Safety (5) (7) | 15643 | 31287 | 31287 | 31287 | 31287 |
| Permit & License Violations (6) (7) | 15643 | 31287 | 31287 | 31287 | 31287 |
|  | $104287 | $208578 | $312867 | $417156 | $625733 |

---

*<u>CFO MIP</u>:*

 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Annualized Base Pay: | $332811 |
| Performance Incentive Compensation Target (at 100% of Plan): | $166406 |
| Total Annual Target Compensation (at 100% of Plan): | $499217 |

---

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.

2025 Management Incentive Plan

CFO MIP MATRIX

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Target Objectives | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 75%-89% | 90%-110% | 111%-129% | 130%-150% | >150% |
| Revenue (1) (7) | $8320 | $16641 | $27338 | $36847 | $43979 |
| EBITDA (2) | 62401 | 124805 | 164029 | 221082 | 263872 |
|  | 70721 | 141446 | 191367 | 257929 | 307851 |

---

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Regulatory Filing (3) (7) | 24960 | 24960 | 24960 | 24960 | 24960 |
|  | $95681 | $166406 | $216327 | $282889 | $332811 |

---

*<u>EVP of Strategic Initiatives MIP:</u>*

 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Annualized Base Pay: | $277346 |
| Performance Incentive Compensation Target (at 100% of Plan): | $138673 |
| Total Annual Target Compensation (at 100% of Plan): | $416019 |

---

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.

2025 Management Incentive Plan

EVP of Strategic Initiatives MIP MATRIX

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Target Objectives | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 75%-89% | 90%-110% | 111%-129% | 130%-150% | >150% |
| Revenue (1) (7) | $6934 | $13867 | $22782 | $30706 | $36649 |
| EBITDA (2) | 52001 | 104006 | 136692 | 184237 | 219896 |
|  | 58935 | 117873 | 159474 | 214943 | 256545 |

---

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| PFAS Gen 2 (4) (7) | 20801 | 20801 | 20801 | 20801 | 20801 |
|  | $79736 | $138674 | $180275 | $235744 | $277346 |

---

*<u>EVP of Hanford and International Waste Operations MIP:</u>*

 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Annualized Base Pay: | $315267 |
| Performance Incentive Compensation Target (at 100% of Plan): | $157634 |
| Total Annual Target Compensation (at 100% of Plan): | $472901 |

---

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.

2025 Management Incentive Plan

EVP OF HANFORD AND INTERNATIONAL WASTE OPERATIONS MIP MATRIX

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Target Objectives | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 75%-89% | 90%-110% | 111%-129% | 130%-150% | >150% |
| Revenue (1) (7) | $7882 | $15763 | $22519 | $31527 | $38282 |
| EBITDA (2) | 47289 | 94581 | 135114 | 189160 | 229695 |
| Health & Safety (5) (7) | 11823 | 23645 | 23645 | 23645 | 23645 |
| Permit & License Violations (6) (7) | 11823 | 23645 | 23645 | 23645 | 23645 |
|  | $78817 | $157634 | $204923 | $267977 | $315267 |

---

*<u>Chief Operating Officer MIP:</u>*

 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Annualized Base Pay: | $320000 |
| Performance Incentive Compensation Target (at 100% of Plan): | $160000 |
| Total Annual Target Compensation (at 100% of Plan): | $480000 |

---

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.

2025 Management Incentive Plan

CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER MIP MATRIX

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Target Objectives | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved | Performance Target Achieved |
|  | 75%-89% | 90%-110% | 111%-129% | 130%-150% | >150% |
| Revenue (1) (7) | $8000 | $16000 | $22857 | $32000 | $38857 |
| EBITDA (2) | 48000 | 96000 | 137143 | 192000 | 233143 |
| Health & Safety (5) (7) | 12000 | 24000 | 24000 | 24000 | 24000 |
| Permit & License Violations (6) (7) | 12000 | 24000 | 24000 | 24000 | 24000 |
|  | $80000 | $160000 | $208000 | $272000 | $320000 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Revenue is defined as the total consolidated third-party top line revenue as publicly reported in the Company's 2025 financial statements. The percentage achieved is determined by comparing the actual consolidated revenue for 2025 to the Board-approved revenue target for 2025.

<sup>(2)</sup> EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization from continuing and discontinued operations. The percentage achieved is determined by comparing the actual EBITDA to the Board-approved EBITDA target for 2025.

<sup>(3)</sup> Regulatory Filing Incentive Target is based on meeting all deadlines (including allowable extension granted by the SEC) for the Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and 8-Ks required by the SEC.

<sup>(4)</sup> PFAS (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) Gen 2 Target is based on startup of the Company's generation 2 reactor with the ability to generate revenue in treatment of PFAS waste.

<sup>(5)</sup> The Health and Safety Incentive target is based upon the actual number of Worker's Compensation Lost Time Accidents ("WCLTA"), as provided by the Company's Worker's Compensation carrier. For the EVP of Hanford and International Waste Operations, the Health and Safety Incentive target is determined based on the actual number of WCLTA at the Company's Perma-Fix Northwest facility and international operations. The Corporate Controller will submit a report on a quarterly basis documenting and confirming the number of Worker's Compensation Lost Time Accidents, supported by the Worker's Compensation Loss Report provided by the company's carrier or broker. Such claims will be identified on the loss report as "indemnity claims." The following number of Worker's Compensation Lost Time Accidents and corresponding performance target thresholds has been established for the annual Incentive Compensation Plan calculation for 2025.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| CEO and COO | CEO and COO | EVP of Hanford and International <br>Waste Operations | EVP of Hanford and International <br>Waste Operations |
| Work Comp. <br>Claim Number | Performance <br>Target Achieved | Work Comp. <br>Claim Number | Performance <br>Target Achieved |
| 3 | 75%-89% | 2 | 75%-89% |
| 2 | 90%-110% | 1 | 90%-110% |
| 1 | 111%-129% | 1 | 111%-129% |
| 1 | 130-150% | 1 | 130-150% |
| 1 | >150% | 1 | >150% |

---

<sup>(6)</sup> Permits or License Violations incentive is earned/determined according to the scale set forth below: An "official notice of non-compliance" is defined as an official communication during 2025 from a local, state, federal, or foreign regulatory authority alleging one or more violations of an otherwise applicable Environmental, Health or Safety requirement or permit provision, which results in a facility's implementation of corrective action(s) which includes a material financial obligation, as determined by the Company's Board of Directors in their sole discretion, to the Company. For the EVP of Hanford and International Waste Operations, the permit or license violations incentive is earned/determined based on results from the Company's Perma-Fix Northwest facility and international operations.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| CEO and COO | CEO and COO | EVP of Hanford and International <br>Waste Operations | EVP of Hanford and International <br>Waste Operations |
| Permit and <br>License Violations | Performance <br>Target Achieved | Permit and <br>License Violations | Performance <br>Target Achieved |
| 3 | 75%-89% | 2 | 75%-89% |
| 2 | 90%-110% | 1 | 90%-110% |
| 1 | 111%-129% | 1 | 111%-129% |
| 1 | 130-150% | 1 | 130-150% |
| 1 | >150% | 1 | >150% |

---

<sup>(7)</sup> No performance incentive compensation will be payable for the target objective unless a minimum of 75% of the EBITDA target objective is achieved.

**Long-Term Incentive Compensation**

**Employee Stock Option Plans**

The 2017 Stock Option Plan (the "2017 Plan") encourages participants to focus on long-term performance and provides an opportunity for executive officers and certain designated key employees to increase their stake in the Company. Stock options succeed by delivering value to executives only when the value of our stock increases. The 2017 Plan authorizes the grant of NQSOs and ISOs for the purchase of our Common Stock.

The 2017 Plan was adopted to:

● enhance the link between the creation of stockholder value and long-term executive incentive compensation;

● provide an opportunity for increased equity ownership by executives; and

● maintain competitive levels of total compensation.

Stock option award levels are determined based on market data, vary among participants based on their positions with the Company and are granted generally at the Compensation Committee's regularly scheduled July meeting. Newly hired or promoted executive officers who are eligible to receive options are generally awarded such options at the next regularly scheduled Compensation Committee meeting following their hire or promotion date.

Options are awarded with an exercise price equal to or not less than the closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the date of the grant as reported on the Nasdaq. In certain limited circumstances, the Compensation Committee may grant options to an executive at an exercise price in excess of the closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the grant date.

The Company's NEOs have outstanding options from the Company's 2017 Plan (See "Executive Compensation – Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End - Outstanding Equity Awards at December 31, 2024" for outstanding options for each of our NEOs).

On January 23, 2025, in connection with the Board's appointment of Mr. Troy Eshleman to the position of COO, the Compensation Committee and the Board approved the grant of an ISO from the 2017 Plan for the purchase of up to 50,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock to Mr. Eshleman. The ISO has a six-year term and vests at 20% per year over a five-year period, commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date. The exercise price of the ISO is $10.70 per share, which equals the closing price of the Company's Common Stock as quoted on Nasdaq on the grant date.

In cases of termination of an executive officer's employment due to death, by the executive for "good reason," by the Company without cause, and due to a "change of control," all outstanding stock options to purchase Common Stock held by the executive officer will immediately become exercisable in full (see further discussion of the exercisability term of these options in each of these circumstances in "EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION – Employment Agreements"). Otherwise, vesting of option awards ceases upon termination of employment and exercise right of the vested option amount ceases upon three months from termination of employment except in the case of retirement (subject to a six-month limitation) and disability (subject to a one-year limitation).

*Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation*

 

We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation – Stock Compensation." ASC 718 establishes accounting standards for entity exchanges of equity instruments for goods or services. It also addresses transactions in which an entity incurs liabilities in exchange for goods or services that are based on the fair value of the entity's equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of those equity instruments. ASC 718 requires all stock-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair-value of stock-based awards which requires subjective assumptions. Assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted include the exercise price of the award, the expected term, the expected volatility of the Company's stock over the option's expected term, the risk-free interest rate over the option's expected term, and the expected annual dividend yield. We recognize stock-based compensation expense using a straight-line amortization method over the requisite period, which is the vesting period of the stock option grant.

**Retirement and Other Benefits**

**401(k) Plan**

The Company adopted the Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. 401(k) Plan (the "401(k) Plan") in 1992, which is intended to comply with Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code and the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. All full-time employees who have attained the age of 18 are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan. Eligibility is immediate upon employment, but enrollment is only allowed during four quarterly open periods of January 1, Apri1 1, July 1, and October 1. Participating employees may make annual pretax contributions to their accounts up to 100% of their compensation, up to a maximum amount as limited by law. At our discretion, we may make matching contributions based on the employee's elective contributions. Company contributions vest over a period of five years. In 2024, the Company contributed approximately $580,000 in 401(k) matching funds, of which approximately $30,500 was for our NEOs (see "Executive Compensation" - "Summary Compensation" table for 401(k) matching fund contributions made for the NEOs for 2024).

**Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits**

The Company provides executive officers with limited perquisites and other personal benefits (health/disability/life insurance/auto allowance) that the Company and the Compensation Committee believe are reasonable and consistent with its overall compensation program to better enable the Company to attract and retain superior employees for key positions. The Compensation Committee periodically reviews the levels of perquisites and other personal benefits provided to executive officers.

**Equity Compensation Plans**

The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2024, with respect to our equity compensation plans.

.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Equity Compensation Plan | Equity Compensation Plan | Equity Compensation Plan |
| Plan Category | Number of<br> securities to<br> be issued upon<br> exercise<br> of outstanding<br> options<br> warrants and<br> rights | Weighted<br> average<br> exercise price of<br> outstanding<br> options, warrants<br> and rights | Number of<br> securities<br> remaining<br> available for<br> future issuance<br> under<br> equity<br> compensation<br> plans (excluding<br> securities<br> reflected in<br> column (a) |
|  | (a) | (b) | (c) |
| Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders | 1000900 | $6.18 | 888133 |
| Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders |  |  |  |
| Total | 1000900 | $6.18 | 888133 |

---

**Compensation Risk Assessment**

In reviewing our executive compensation program, the Company considers whether the program encourages unnecessary or excessive risk taking and has concluded that its compensation policies do not create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company. This conclusion was based on the assessment performed by the Company, with input from the Company's executive management and its outside securities counsel. The Company's assessment included consideration of Item 402(s) of Regulation S-K, promulgated under the Securities Act, as discussed with the Company's management following in-depth discussions of Item 402(s) with our outside securities counsel. In conducting the Company's risk assessment, numerous factors were considered, including:

● the Company does not offer significant short-term incentives that would reasonably be considered as motivating high-risk investments or other conduct that is not consistent with the long term goals of the Company;

● the mix between short-term and long-term compensation;

● the type of equity awards granted to employees and level of equity and equity award holdings; and

● the historical emphasis at the Company on long-term growth and profitability over short-term gains.

**SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS**

The table below sets forth information as to the shares of Common Stock beneficially owned as of June 2, 2025, by each person known by us to be the beneficial owners of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name of Beneficial Owner** | **Title**<br> **Of Class** | **Amount and**<br> **Nature of**<br> **Ownership <sup>(2)</sup>** | **Percent**<br> **Of**<br> **Class <sup>(1)</sup>** |
| BlackRock, Inc. <sup>(2)</sup> | Common | 1006818 | 5.46% |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> The number of shares and the percentage of outstanding Common Stock shown as beneficially owned by a person are based upon 18,452,227 shares of Common Stock outstanding on June 2, 2025, and the number of shares of Common Stock which such person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership of within 60 days. Beneficial ownership by our stockholders has been determined in accordance with the rules promulgated under Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act.

<sup>(2)</sup> This information is based on the Schedule 13G of BlackRock, Inc., a parent holding Company or control person in accordance with Rule 13d-1(b) (1) (ii) (G), filed with the SEC on November 8, 2024, disclosing that at September 30, 2024, BlackRock, Inc. had sole voting power over 1,002,992 shares and sole dispositive power over all shares shown above. The address of BlackRock, Inc. is 50 Hudson Yards, New York, NY 10001.

Additionally, as of June 2, 2025, Schelhammer Capital Bank AG, a banking institution regulated by the banking regulations of Austria, has represented to the Company that it holds of record as a nominee for, and as an agent of, certain accredited investors, 1,757,177 shares of our Common Stock. None of the Common Stock held by Schelhammer Capital Bank AG for the account of any single investor represents more than 4.9% of our Common Stock and, to the best knowledge of Schelhammer Capital Bank AG, as far as stocks held by such investors in accounts with Schelhammer Capital Bank AG, none of such investors act together as a group or otherwise act in concert for the purpose of voting on matters subject to the vote of our stockholders or for purpose of disposition or investment of such stock. Additionally, the investors for whom Schelhammer Capital Bank AG acts as nominee with respect to such shares maintain full voting and dispositive power over the Common Stock beneficially owned by such investors, and Schelhammer Capital Bank AG has neither voting nor investment power over such shares. Accordingly, Schelhammer Capital Bank AG believes that (i) it is not the beneficial owner, as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act, of the shares of Common Stock registered in Schelhammer Capital Bank AG's name because (a) Schelhammer Capital Bank AG holds the Common Stock as a nominee only, (b) Schelhammer Capital Bank AG has neither voting nor investment power over such shares, and (c) Schelhammer Capital Bank AG has not nominated or sought to nominate, and does not intend to nominate in the future, any person to serve as a member of our Board; and (ii) it is not required to file reports under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act or to file either Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G in connection with the shares of our Common Stock registered in the name of Schelhammer Capital Bank AG.

Notwithstanding the previous paragraph, if Schelhammer Capital Bank AG's representations to us described above are incorrect or if the investors for whom Schelhammer Capital Bank AG acts as nominee are acting as a group, then Schelhammer Capital Bank AG or a group of such investors could be a beneficial owner of more than 5% of our voting securities. If Schelhammer Capital Bank AG was deemed the beneficial owner of such shares, the following table sets forth information as to the shares of voting securities that Schelhammer Capital Bank AG may be considered to beneficially own on June 2, 2025:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name of Record Owner** | **Title**<br> **Of Class** | **Amount and**<br> **Nature of**<br> **Ownership** |  | **Percent**<br> **Of**<br> **Class <sup>(\*)</sup>** |
| Schelhammer Capital Bank AG | Common | 1757177 | <sup>(+)</sup> | 9.52% |

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<sup>(\*)</sup> This calculation is based upon 18,452,227 shares of Common Stock outstanding on June 2, 2025, plus the number of shares of Common Stock which Schelhammer Capital Bank AG, as agent for certain accredited investors, has the right to acquire within 60 days, which is none.

<sup>(+)</sup> This amount is the number of shares that Schelhammer Capital Bank AG has represented to us that it holds of record as nominee for, and as an agent of, certain accredited investors. As of June 2, 2025, the date of Schelhammer Capital Bank AG's representations to us, Schelhammer Capital Bank AG has no warrants or options to acquire, as agent for certain investors, additional shares of our Common Stock. Although Schelhammer Capital Bank AG is the record holder of the shares of Common Stock described in this note, Schelhammer Capital Bank AG has advised us that it does not believe it is a beneficial owner of the Common Stock or that it is required to file reports under Section 16(a) or Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act. Schelhammer Capital Bank AG has advised us that it (a) holds the Common Stock as a nominee only and that it does not exercise voting or investment power over the Common Stock held in its name and that no one investor for which it holds our Common Stock holds more than 4.9% of our issued and outstanding Common Stock and (b) has not nominated, and has not sought to nominate, and does not intend to nominate in the future, any person to serve as a member of our Board. Accordingly, we do not believe that Schelhammer Capital Bank AG is our affiliate. Schelhammer Capital Bank AG's address is Goldschmiedgasse 3, A-1010 Wien, Austria.

**Security Ownership of Management**

The following table sets forth information as to the shares of voting securities beneficially owned as of June 2, 2025, by each of our directors and NEOs and by all of our directors and NEOs as a group. Beneficial ownership has been determined in accordance with the rules promulgated under Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act. A person is deemed to be a beneficial owner of any voting securities for which that person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Name of Beneficial Owner <sup>(2)</sup> | Amount and Nature<br> of Beneficial<br> Owner <sup>(1)</sup> | Percent of Class <sup>(1)</sup> |
| Thomas P. Bostick <sup>(3)</sup> | 74214<sup>(3)</sup> | \* |
| Kerry C. Duggan <sup>(4)</sup> | 39221<sup>(4)</sup> | \* |
| Dr. Louis F. Centofanti <sup>(5)</sup> | 305565<sup>(5)</sup> | 1.65% |
| Joseph T. Grumski <sup>(6)</sup> | 91158<sup>(6)</sup> | \* |
| Joe R. Reeder <sup>(7)</sup> | 261865<sup>(7)</sup> | 1.42% |
| Larry M. Shelton <sup>(8)</sup> | 222985<sup>(8)</sup> | 1.21% |
| Zack P. Wamp <sup>(9)</sup> | 86412<sup>(9)</sup> | \* |
| Mark A. Zwecker <sup>(10)</sup> | 274999<sup>(10)</sup> | 1.49% |
| Mark Duff <sup>(11)</sup> | 191659<sup>(11)</sup> | 1.04% |
| Richard Grondin <sup>(12)</sup> | 39780<sup>(12)</sup> | \* |
| Ben Naccarato <sup>(13)</sup> | 79811<sup>(13)</sup> | \* |
| Troy Eshleman <sup>(14)</sup> | 1350<sup>(14)</sup> | \* |
| Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (12 persons) | 1669019<sup>(15)</sup> | 8.87% |

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\*Indicates beneficial ownership of less than one percent (1%).

<sup>(1)</sup> The number of shares and the percentage of Common Stock shown as beneficially owned by a person are based up 18,452,227 shares of Common Stock outstanding on June 2, 2025, and the number of shares of Common Stock which such person has the right to acquire beneficial ownership of within 60 days.

<sup>(2)</sup> The business address of each person, for the purposes hereof, is c/o Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc., 8302 Dunwoody Place, Suite 250, Atlanta, Georgia 30350.

<sup>(3)</sup> LTG (ret.) Bostick has sole and voting and investment power over all shares shown, which include: (i) 43,214 shares of Common Stock held of record by LTG (ret.) Bostick, (ii) options to purchase 21,000 shares which are immediately exercisable, and (iii) options to purchase 10,000 shares which will be exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date.

<sup>(4)</sup> Ms. Duggan has sole and voting and investment power over all shares shown, which include: (i) 8,221 shares of Common Stock held of record by Ms. Duggan, (ii) options to purchase 21,000 shares which are immediately exercisable, and (iii) options to purchase 10,000 shares which will be exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date.

<sup>(5)</sup> These shares include (i) 218,765 shares held of record by Dr. Centofanti, (ii) immediately exercisable options to purchase 24,000 shares, and (iii) 62,800 shares held by Dr. Centofanti's wife. Dr. Centofanti has sole voting and investment power over all such shares, except for the shares held by Dr. Centofanti's wife, over which Dr. Centofanti shares voting and investment power.

<sup>(6)</sup> Mr. Grumski has sole and voting and investment power over all shares shown, which include: (i) 57,758 shares of Common Stock held of record by Mr. Grumski, (ii) options to purchase 23,400 shares which are immediately exercisable, and (iii) options to purchase 10,000 shares which will be exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date.

<sup>(7)</sup> Mr. Reeder has sole voting and investment power over all shares shown, which include: (i) 244,365 shares of Common Stock held of record, (ii) options to purchase 7,500 shares which are immediately exercisable, and (iii) options to purchase 10,000 shares which will be exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date..

<sup>(8)</sup> Mr. Shelton has sole voting and investment power over all shares shown, which include: (i) 183,585 shares of Common Stock held of record by Mr. Shelton, (ii) options to purchase 29,400 shares which are immediately exercisable, and (iii) options to purchase 10,000 shares which will be exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date.

<sup>(9)</sup> Mr. Wamp has sole voting and investment power over all shares shown, which include: (i) 48,212 shares of Common Stock held of record by Mr. Wamp, (ii) options to purchase 28,200 shares which are immediately exercisable, and (iii) options to purchase 10,000 shares which will be exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date.

<sup>(10)</sup> Mr. Zwecker has sole voting and investment power over all shares shown, which include: (i) 235,599 shares of Common Stock held of record by Mr. Zwecker, (ii) options to purchase 29,400 shares which are immediately exercisable, and (iii) options to purchase 10,000 shares which will be exercisable within 60 days of the Record Date.

<sup>(11)</sup> Mr. Duff has sole voting and investment power over all shares shown, which include: (i) 133,659 shares of Common Stock held of record by Mr. Duff, and (ii) immediately exercisable options to purchase 58,000 shares.

<sup>(12)</sup> Mr. Grondin has sole voting and investment power over all shares shown, which include: (i) 28,780 shares of Common Stock held of record by Mr. Grondin, and (ii) immediately exercisable options to purchase 11,000 shares.

<sup>(13)</sup> Mr. Naccarato has sole voting and investment power over all shares shown, which include: (i) 48,811 shares of Common Stock held of record by Mr. Naccarato, and (ii) immediately exercisable options to purchase 31,000 shares.

<sup>(14)</sup> Mr. Eshleman has sole voting and investment power over all shares of Common Stock held of record by Mr. Eshleman.

<sup>(15)</sup> Amount includes options to purchase 283,900 shares which are immediately exercisable and options to purchase 70,000 shares which will be exercisable within 60 days of the Record date.

**PROPOSAL 2 - RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF OUR INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

The Audit Committee of the Company's Board of Directors has appointed Grant Thornton LLP ("Grant Thornton") as the independent registered public accounting firm to audit the consolidated financial statements of the Company for fiscal year 2025. Grant Thornton has been the Company's independent registered public accounting firm since July 9, 2014. It is expected that representatives of Grant Thornton will be present at the Meeting, will have an opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so, and will be available to answer appropriate questions.

Assuming the presence of a quorum for the Meeting, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Common Stock present in person or by proxy at the Meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal is required for adoption of this proposal. Abstentions are considered votes present and entitled to vote on the proposal, and, thus, will have the same effect as a vote "AGAINST" the proposal. However, because Proposal 2 is considered a "routine" matter under the rules of the NYSE governing whether member brokers may exercise discretionary authority to vote shares as to which the beneficial owner has not provided voting instructions, brokers may vote uninstructed shares on this item and are considered "entitled to vote" on the proposal. As such, no broker non-votes are expected in connection with this proposal.

Stockholder ratification of the selection of Grant Thornton as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm is not required by the Company's Bylaws. However, the Company is submitting the selection of Grant Thornton to the stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate practice. In the event the stockholders fail to ratify the selection, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors will reconsider whether or not to retain Grant Thornton. However, because Proposal 2 is considered a "routine" matter under the rules of the NYSE governing whether member brokers may exercise discretionary authority to vote shares as to which the beneficial owner has not provided voting instructions, brokers may vote uninstructed shares on this item. As such, no broker non-votes are expected in connection with this proposal.

The following table reflects the aggregate fees for the audit and other services provided by Grant Thornton LLP, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm, for fiscal years 2024 and 2023:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fee Type** | 2024 | 2023 |
| Audit Fees<sup>(1)</sup> | $824000 | $699000 |
| Tax Fees <sup>(2)</sup> | 111000 | 100000 |
| Total | $935000 | $799000 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Audit fees consist of audit work performed in connection with the annual financial statements, the reviews of unaudited quarterly financial statements, and work generally only the independent registered accounting firm can reasonably provide, such as consents and review of regulatory documents filed with the SEC.

<sup>(2)</sup> Fees for income tax planning, filing, and consulting.

The Audit Committee of the Company's Board has considered whether Grant Thornton's provision of the services described above for the fiscal years 2024 and 2023 was compatible with maintaining its independence.

*Engagement of the Independent Auditor*

 

To ensure that our independent registered public accounting firm is engaged only to provide audit and non-audit services that are compatible with maintaining its independence, the Audit Committee has a policy that requires the Committee to review and approve in advance all services to be provided by the Company's independent accounting firm before the firm is engaged to provide those services. The Audit Committee considers non-audit services and fees when assessing auditor independence and determined that tax return preparation and other tax compliance services is compatible with maintaining our accounting firm's independence. All services under the headings Audit Fees and Tax Fees were approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act. The Audit Committee's pre-approval policy provides as follows:

● The Audit Committee will review and pre-approve on an annual basis all audits, audit-related, tax and other services, along with acceptable cost levels, to be performed by the independent accounting firm and any member of the independent accounting firm's alliance network of firms and may revise the pre-approved services during the period based on later determinations. Pre-approved services typically include: audits, quarterly reviews, regulatory filing requirements, consultation on new accounting and disclosure standards, employee benefit plan audits, reviews and reporting on management's internal controls and specified tax matters.

● Any proposed service that is not pre-approved on the annual basis requires a specific pre-approval by the Audit Committee, including cost level approval.

● The Audit Committee may delegate pre-approval authority to one or more of the Audit Committee members. The delegated member must report to the Audit Committee, at the next Audit Committee meeting, any pre-approval decisions made.

**THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTE "FOR" RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF GRANT THORNTON LLP AS THE COMPANY'S INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM.**

**PROPOSAL 3 – APPROVAL, BY AN ADVISORY (NON-BINDING) VOTE, OF THE 2024 COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS**

In accordance with the requirements of Section 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"), we are providing stockholders with an advisory (non-binding) vote on the approval of the 2024 compensation of our named executive officers (this vote is sometimes referred to as "say on pay"). The Company submits such a "say on pay" vote to stockholders annually. Accordingly, you may vote on the following resolution at the 2025 Meeting:

"RESOLVED, that the stockholders of the Company approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation paid to the Company's named executive officers in 2024, as disclosed pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, the accompanying compensation tables, and the related narrative discussion, in the Company's 2025 Proxy Statement."

As described in this Proxy Statement, our executive compensation programs are designed to enable us to attract, motivate, and retain executive talent, who are critical to our success. Our compensation is centered around a pay-for-performance philosophy. We believe that our executive compensation program, with its balance of cash incentives designed to reward achievement of key performance goals set for the year and longer-term equity-based incentives, compensates our executives for performance linked directly to stockholder value creation.

Assuming the presence of a quorum for the Meeting, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Common Stock present in person or by proxy at the Meeting and entitled to vote on the proposal is required for adoption of this proposal. Abstentions are considered votes present and entitled to vote on the proposal, and, thus, will have the same effect as a vote "AGAINST" the proposal. With respect to broker non-votes, because Proposal 3 is considered a "non-routine" item under the rules of the NYSE, brokers and other nominees who are members of the NYSE may not vote uninstructed shares on Proposal 3; accordingly, such shares will not be counted as "entitled to vote" on such proposal.

The vote on this Proposal 3 is not intended to address any specific element of compensation and is advisory, which means that the vote is not binding on the Company, our Board of Directors, and the Compensation Committee. However, our Board of Directors and our Compensation Committee value the opinions of our stockholders and will review the voting results in connection with their ongoing evaluation of the Company's compensation program and will consider the outcome of the vote when making future compensation decisions.

**THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT THE STOCKHOLDERS VOTE "FOR" THE APPROVAL, BY ADVISORY (NON-BINDING) VOTE, OF THE 2024 COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.**

**STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS FOR THE 2026 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS**

In order to be considered for inclusion in our proxy materials, you must submit proposals for next year's annual meeting in writing to our Secretary at our executive offices at 8302 Dunwoody Place, Suite 250, Atlanta, Georgia 30350, on or prior to February 10, 2026. Such proposals also must comply with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

In accordance with our Bylaws, a stockholder who intends to submit a proposal for consideration, but not for inclusion in our proxy materials, must provide written notice of the matter to our Secretary at 8302 Dunwoody Place, Suite 250, Atlanta, Georgia 30350, not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders. As a result, any notice given by or on behalf of a stockholder pursuant to these provisions of our Bylaws (and not pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) must be received no earlier than March 26, 2026, and no later than April 24, 2026.

**OTHER MATTERS AND INFORMATION**

**Other Business**

The Board of Directors has no knowledge of any business to be presented for consideration at the Meeting other than as described above. Should any such matters properly come before the Meeting or any adjournment thereof, the persons acting as proxies will have discretionary authority to vote such proxy in accordance with their best judgment on such matters and with respect to matters incident to the conduct of the Meeting.

**Other Information**

Copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, including the financial statements and financial statement schedules, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are available on our website at <u>www.perma-fix.com</u> or on the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov*.* Printed copies of these materials are available free of charge (except for the costs of duplication and mailing in the case of exhibits to such documents) to stockholders who request them in writing from our corporate secretary at Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc., 8302 Dunwoody Place, Suite 250, Atlanta, Georgia 30350.

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