# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001564824
**File Stem:** 0001564590-23-000210
**Filing Date:** 2023-1
**Character Count:** 25639
**Document Hash:** 4a39e941354b8bb71e6e21282682f536
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001564590-23-000210.hdr.sgml**: 20230105

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001564590-23-000210

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: S-8

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 5

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230105

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230105

**EFFECTIVENESS DATE**: 20230105

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Allakos Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001564824
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 454798831
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** S-8
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-269134
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23512108

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 825 INDUSTRIAL ROAD
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 500
- **CITY:** SAN CARLOS
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 94070
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 650-597-5002

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 825 INDUSTRIAL ROAD
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 500
- **CITY:** SAN CARLOS
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 94070

#### As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 5, 2023

#### Registration Statement No. 333-

------

### UNITED STATES

### SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

#### Washington, D.C. 20549

------

### FORM S-8

### REGISTRATION STATEMENT

#### Under

#### THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

------

## Allakos Inc.

#### (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **45-4798831** |
| **(State or other jurisdiction of**<br> **incorporation or organization)** | **(I.R.S. Employer**<br> **Identification No.)** |

---

#### 825 Industrial Road, Suite 500

#### San Carlos, California 94070

#### (Address of principal executive offices)

#### 2018 Equity Incentive Plan

#### 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

#### (Full title of the plan)

#### Robert Alexander, Ph.D.

#### Chief Executive Officer

#### Allakos Inc.

#### 825 Industrial Road, Suite 500

#### San Carlos, California 94070

#### (Name and address of agent for service)
(650) 597-5002

#### (Telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

#### Copies to:
**Tony Jeffries**<br> **Jennifer Knapp**<br> **Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C.**<br> **650 Page Mill Road**<br> **Palo Alto, California 94304**<br> (650) 493-9300<br>

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
| Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

------

#### PART I

#### STATEMENT OF INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
This Registration Statement on Form S-8 is being filed for the purpose of registering an additional 4,286,792 shares of Common Stock issuable under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan and 853,758 shares of Common Stock issuable under the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan pursuant to the provisions of those plans providing for an automatic increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under such plans. In accordance with Section E of the General Instructions to Form S-8, the contents of the registration statements on Form S-8 previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "<u>Commission</u>") relating to the 2018 Plan and 2018 ESPP on [<u>July 19, 2018</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000119312518221459/d552600ds8.htm) (File No. 333-226247), [<u>May 8, 2019</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000156459019016882/allk-s8.htm) (File No. 333-231276), [<u>February 25, 2020</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1564824/000156459020006439/allk-s8.htm) (File No. 333-236631), [<u>March 1, 2021</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000156459021009852/allk-s8.htm) (File No. 333-253701) and [<u>February 15, 2022</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1564824/000156459022005207/allk-s8.htm) (File No. 333-262749) are incorporated by reference herein. In accordance with the instructional note to Part I of Form S-8 as promulgated by the Commission, the information specified by Part I of Form S-8 has been omitted from this Registration Statement. The documents containing the information specified in Part I of Form S-8 will be delivered to the participants in the equity benefit plans covered by this Registration Statement as specified by Rule 428(b)(1) under the Securities Act.

#### PART II

#### INFORMATION REQUIRED IN REGISTRATION STATEMENT

#### Item 3. Incorporation of Documents by Reference.
The following documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") by the Registrant are incorporated in this Registration Statement by reference:

(1) The Registrant's Annual Report on [<u>Form 10-K</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1564824/000095017022002542/allk-20211231.htm) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022;

(2) The information specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 from the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement on [<u>Schedule 14A</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1564824/000156459022014458/allk-def14a_20220525.htm) filed on April 14, 2022;

(3) The Registrant's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended [<u>March 31, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1564824/000095017022008126/allk-20220331.htm) , [<u>June 30, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1564824/000095017022014830/allk-20220630.htm) and [<u>September 30, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1564824/000095017022022601/allk-20220930.htm) ;

(4) The Registrant's Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on [<u>February 1, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022000624/allk-20220201.htm) , [<u>February 15, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022001249/allk-20220215.htm) , [<u>February 16, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022001356/allk-20220214.htm) , [<u>April 5, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022005374/allk-20220331.htm) , [<u>April 20, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022005851/allk-20220415.htm) , [<u>May 27, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022010854/allk-20220525.htm) , [<u>June 21, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022011914/allk-20220621.htm) , [<u>July 25, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022012984/allk-20220721.htm) , [<u>August 5, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000119312522212691/d317645d8k.htm) , [<u>September 9, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022018265/allk-20220909.htm) , [<u>September 12, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022018314/allk-20220912.htm) , [<u>September 19, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000119312522246744/d364387d8k.htm) , [<u>November 10, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022024213/allk-20221110.htm) and [<u>November 29, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022025759/allk-20221129.htm) and [<u>Form 8-K/A filed on February 15, 2022</u>](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000095017022001255/allk-20220215.htm) ; and

(5) The description of the Registrant's Common Stock contained in its registration statement on [<u>Form 8-A</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000119312518216120/d439403d8a12b.htm) , filed on July 11, 2018, including any amendments or supplements thereto.

All reports and other documents filed by the Registrant with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, after the date of this Registration Statement and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold (other than information deemed to have been "furnished" rather than "filed" in accordance with the SEC's rules) shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in and to be a part of this Registration Statement from the date of filing of such documents.

Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference herein shall be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained herein (or in any other subsequently filed document which also is incorporated by reference herein) modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Registration Statement.

#### Item 4. Description of Securities.
Not applicable.

#### Item 5. Interests of Named Experts and Counsel.
Not applicable.

------

#### Item 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law empowers a corporation to indemnify its directors and officers and to purchase insurance with respect to liability arising out of their capacity or status as directors and officers, provided that the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in our best interests, and, with respect to any criminal action, had no reasonable cause to believe the person's actions were unlawful. The Delaware General Corporation Law further provides that the indemnification permitted thereunder shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the directors and officers may be entitled under the corporation's bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or otherwise. The certificate of incorporation of the registrant provides for the indemnification of the registrant's directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law. In addition, the bylaws of the registrant require the registrant to fully indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding (whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the registrant, or is or was a director or officer of the registrant serving at the registrant's request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorney's fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law permits a corporation to provide in its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except (1) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (2) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (3) for payments of unlawful dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions or (4) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. The registrant's certificate of incorporation provides that the registrant's directors shall not be personally liable to it or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director and that if the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of the registrant's directors shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as so amended.

Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides, among other things, that a director who willfully or negligently approves of an unlawful payment of dividends or an unlawful stock purchase or redemption may be held liable for such actions. A director who was either absent when the unlawful actions were approved, or dissented at the time, may avoid liability by causing his or her dissent to such actions to be entered in the books containing minutes of the meetings of the board of directors at the time such action occurred or immediately after such absent director receives notice of the unlawful acts.

As permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, the registrant has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and certain of the registrant's officers which would require the registrant, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities which may arise by reason of their status as directors, officers or certain other employees.

The registrant has obtained and expects to maintain insurance policies under which its directors and officers are insured, within the limits and subject to the limitations of those policies, against certain expenses in connection with the defense of, and certain liabilities which might be imposed as a result of, actions, suits or proceedings to which they are parties by reason of being or having been directors or officers. The coverage provided by these policies may apply whether or not the registrant would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law.

These indemnification provisions and the indemnification agreements entered into between the registrant and the registrant's officers and directors may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of the registrant's officers and directors for liabilities (including reimbursement of expenses incurred) arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

#### Item 7. Exemption from Registration Claimed.
Not applicable.

------

#### Item 8. Exhibits.

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** |
| **Exhibit**<br> **Number** | <br>**Description** | **Form** | **File No.** | **Exhibit** | **Filing Date** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.1 | [<u>Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000119312518224127/d561680dex31.htm) | 8-K | 001-38582 | 3.1 | 7/24/18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.2 | [<u>Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000119312518224127/d561680dex32.htm) | 8-K | 001-38582 | 3.2 | 7/24/18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1 | [<u>Specimen common stock certificate of the Registrant</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000119312518214117/d447521dex42.htm) | S-1/A | 333-225836 | 4.2 | 7/9/18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.1 | [<u>Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C.\*</u>](allk-ex51_7.htm) |  |  |  |  |
| 23.1 | [<u>Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm\*</u>](allk-ex231_6.htm) |  |  |  |  |
| 23.2 | [<u>Consent of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C. (contained in Exhibit 5.1 hereto)\*</u>](allk-ex51_7.htm) |  |  |  |  |
| 24.1 | [<u>Power of Attorney (contained on signature page hereto)\*</u>](#tx552600_1)<br>|  |  |  |  |
| 99.1 | [<u>2018 Equity Incentive Plan</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000119312518214117/d447521dex103.htm) | S-1/A | 333-225836 | 10.3 | 7/9/18 |
| 99.2 | [<u>2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001564824/000119312518214117/d447521dex104.htm) | S-1/A | 333-225836 | 10.4 | 7/9/18 |
| 107 | [<u>Filing Fee Table\*</u>](allk-exfilingfees_8.htm) |  |  |  |  |

---

------

\*Filed herewith

------

#### SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Redwood City, State of California, on the 5<sup>th</sup> day of January 2023.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ALLAKOS INC.** | **ALLAKOS INC.** |
| By: | /s/ Robert Alexander |
|  | Robert Alexander, Ph.D. |
|  | *Chief Executive Officer* |

---

#### POWER OF ATTORNEY
*KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Robert Alexander, Ph.D. and H. Baird Radford, III, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this registration statement on Form S-8 (including post-effective amendments), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact, proxy and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact, proxy and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.* 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement on Form S-8 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Signature** | **Title** | **Date** |
| /s/ Robert Alexander<br> Robert Alexander, Ph.D. | Chief Executive Officer and Director<br> *(Principal Executive Officer)* | 1/5/2023 |
| /s/ H. Baird Radford, III<br> H. Baird Radford, III | Chief Financial Officer<br> *(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)* | 1/5/2023 |
| /s/ Daniel Janney<br> Daniel Janney | Chair of our Board of Directors | 1/5/2023 |
| /s/ Robert Andreatta<br> Robert Andreatta | Director | 1/5/2023 |
| /s/ Steven James<br> Steven James | Director | 1/5/2023 |
| /s/ Amy Ladd<br> Amy Ladd, M.D. | &nbsp;&nbsp; Director | 1/5/2023 |
| /s/ John McKearn<br> John McKearn, Ph.D. | Director | 1/5/2023 |
| /s/ Paul Walker<br> Paul Walker | Director | 1/5/2023 |

---

## Exhibit 5.1

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ![](gwrcvvhlah3o000001.jpg) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati<br>Professional Corporation<br> 650 Page Mill Road<br>Palo Alto, California 94304-1050<br> o: 650.493.9300<br>f: 650.493.6811 |

---

#### Exhibit 5.1
January 5, 2023

Allakos Inc.

825 Industrial Road, Suite 500

San Carlos, California 94070

#### Re: Registration Statement on Form S-8
Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have examined the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (the "**Registration Statement**") to be filed by Allakos Inc., a Delaware corporation, with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about the date hereof, in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of (i) 4,268,792 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan and (ii) 853,758 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance pursuant to the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (which plans are referred to herein as the "**Plans**" and which shares of Common Stock are referred to herein as the "**Shares**").

On the basis of the foregoing, and in reliance thereon, we are of the opinion that the Shares, when issued and sold in the manner referred to in the Plans and pursuant to the agreements that accompany the Plans, will be legally and validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable.

We consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, and further consent to the use of our name wherever appearing in the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto.

---

| |
|:---|
| Very truly yours, |
| /s/ WILSON SONSINI GOODRICH & ROSATI |
| WILSON SONSINI GOODRICH & ROSATI |
| Professional Corporation |

---

austin beijing boston BOULDER brussels hong kong london los angeles new york palo alto

SALT LAKE CITY san diego san francisco seattle shanghai washington, dc wilmington, dE

## Exhibit 23.1

#### Exhibit 23.1

#### Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8) pertaining to the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Allakos Inc. of our reports dated March 1, 2022, with respect to the financial statements and related notes of Allakos Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Allakos Inc., included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

San Mateo, California

January 5, 2023

## Ex-Filing

#### Exhibit 107

#### FILING FEE TABLES FOR

#### FORM S-8

#### Calculation of Filing Fee Tables

#### Form S-8
(Form Type)

#### ALLAKOS INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

<u>Newly Registered Securities</u>

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Security Type** | **Title of each Class of**<br> **Securities to be Registered** | **Fee Calculation Rule** | **Amount**<br> **to be**<br> **Registered (1)** | **Proposed Maximum**<br> **Offering Price**<br> **Per Share (3)** | **Proposed Maximum**<br> **Aggregate**<br> **Offering Price** | **Fee Rate** | **Amount of**<br> **Registration Fee** |
| Equity | Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, reserved for issuance pursuant to the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan | Rule 457(c) and Rule 457(h) | 4268792 (2) | $7.88 | $33638080.96 | 0.00011020 | $3706.92 |
| Equity | Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, reserved for issuance pursuant to the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Rule 457(c) and Rule 457(h) | 853758 (4) | $7.88 | $6727613.04 | 0.00011020 | $741.39 |
|  | **Total** |  |  |  | $40365694.00 |  | $4448.31 |
|  | **Total Fee Offsets** |  |  |  |  |  | - |
|  | **Net Fee Due** |  |  |  |  |  | $4448.31 |

---

(1) Pursuant to Rule 416(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the " <u>Securities Act</u> "), this Registration Statement shall also cover any additional shares of the Registrant's common stock, par value $0.001 per share (" <u>Common Stock</u> ") of Allakos Inc. (the " <u>Registrant</u> ") that become issuable under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the " <u>2018 Plan</u> ") or the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the " <u>2018 ESPP</u> ") by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction effected without receipt of consideration that increases the number of the Registrant's outstanding shares of common stock.

(2) Represents additional shares of the Registrant's Common Stock automatically reserved and available for issuance under the 2018 Plan resulting from the annual increase in the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the 2018 Plan on the first day of each fiscal year. The annual increase is the least of (i) 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock, (ii) 5% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year or (iii) such number of shares of Common Stock determined by the Registrant's board of directors.

(3) Pursuant to Rules 457(c) and 457(h) under the Securities Act, the proposed maximum offering price per share and the proposed maximum aggregate offering price are estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee and are based on a price of $7.88 per share of Common Stock, which is the average of the high and low prices per share of Common Stock reported on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 29, 2022.

(4) Represents additional shares of the Registrant's Common Stock automatically reserved and available for issuance under the 2018 ESPP resulting from the annual increase in the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the 2018 ESPP on the first day of each fiscal year. The annual increase is the least of (i) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock, (ii) 1% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year or (iii) an amount determined by the Administrator (as defined in the 2018 ESPP).