# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001762239
**File Stem:** 0001731122-23-000408
**Filing Date:** 2023-3
**Character Count:** 135664
**Document Hash:** beb813161f20dfb4801f349ef8ea4cce
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001731122-23-000408.hdr.sgml**: 20230317

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001731122-23-000408

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 50

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20230131

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230317

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230317

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001762239
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** RETAIL-NONSTORE RETAILERS [5960]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 833492907
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1031

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-40641
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23740712

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 4460 OLD DIXIE HIGHWAY
- **CITY:** GRANT
- **STATE:** FL
- **ZIP:** 32949
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** (833) 452-4825

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 4460 OLD DIXIE HIGHWAY
- **CITY:** GRANT
- **STATE:** FL
- **ZIP:** 32949

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Quick Start Holdings, Inc.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20181218

?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

**(Mark One)**

☒ **QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2023**

**OR**

**☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from ___________ to ____________**

**Commission file number 000-56016**

**KAIVAL BRANDS INNOVATIONS GROUP, INC.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **83-3492907** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of<br> incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer<br> Identification No.) |

---

**4460 Old Dixie Highway**

**Grant-Valkaria, Florida 32949**

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

**(833) 452-4825**

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

**N/A**

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| **Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share** | **KAVL** | **The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC** |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ <br> Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ <br> Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐NO☒

As of March 17, 2023, there were 56,169,090 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding.

**KAIVAL BRANDS INNOVATIONS GROUP, INC.**

**FORM 10-Q**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Item** |  | **Page** |
| [Cautionary Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements](#a_001) | [Cautionary Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements](#a_001) | ii |
| **PART I** | **Financial Information** |  |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements |  |
|  | [Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets](#a_002) | F-1 |
|  | [Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations](#a_003) | F-2 |
|  | [Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity](#a_004) | F-3 |
|  | [Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows](#a_005) | F-5 |
|  | [Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements](#a_006) | F-6 |
| Item 2 | [Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#a_007) | 1 |
|  | [Liquidity and Capital Resources](#a_008) | 6 |
|  | [Results of Operations](#a_009) | 7 |
|  | [Emerging Growth Company](#a_010) | 8 |
| Item 3 | [Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk](#a_011) | 8 |
| Item 4 | [Controls and Procedures](#a_012) | 9 |
| **PART II** | [**Other Information**](#a_013) | 10 |
| Item 1. | [Legal Proceedings](#a_014) | 10 |
| Item 1A. | [Risk Factors](#a_015) | 10 |
| Item 2. | [Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#a_016) | 10 |
| Item 3 | [Defaults Upon Senior Securities](#a_017) | 10 |
| Item 4 | [Mine Safety Disclosures](#a_018) | 10 |
| Item 5 | [Other Information](#a_019) | 10 |
| Item 6 | [Exhibits](#a_020) | 11 |
| [Signatures](#a_021) | [Signatures](#a_021) | 12 |

---

-i-

**CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

Certain statements and information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31, 2023 (this "Report") contain or may contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), Section 21 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

We generally use the words "may," "should," "believe," "expect," "intend," "plan," "anticipate," "likely," "estimate," "potential," "continue," "will," and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical facts, but rather reflect our current expectations concerning future events and results, including, without limitation, statements related to:

● our substantial reliance on, and efforts to diversify our business from, that of our affiliate Bidi Vapor, LLC ("Bidi");

● our ability to obtain the products we distribute from Bidi;

● the impact of the August 2022 11<sup>th</sup>Circuit Court of Appeals decision overturning the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's ("FDA") previous denial of Bidi's Premarket Tobacco Product Application ("PMTA") for its non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Stick electronic nicotine delivery system ("ENDS"), which we are permitted to distribute in the U.S. subject to FDA enforcement and maintenance of all state licenses and permits;

● our substantial reliance on QuikfillRx, LLC (now known as Kaival Marketing Services) to provide key sales, marketing and other support services to us;

● our relationships with, and reliance on, third parties to broker and distribute our products;

● the scope of future FDA enforcement of regulations in the ENDS products generally;

● the market perception of the products we distribute and related impacts on our reputation;

● the FDA's approach to the regulation and enforcement of synthetic nicotine and our competitors' use of the substance in their products to avoid the PMTA requirements;

● the impact of black-market goods on our business;

● the demand for the products we distribute;

● anticipated product performance, and our market and industry expectations;

● our relationships with key third party commercial collaborators such as Phillip Morris International;

● our ability or plans to diversify our product offerings;

● changes in government regulation or laws that affect our business; and

● circumstances or developments that may make us unable to implement or realize the anticipated benefits, or that may increase the costs of, our current and planned business initiatives, including matters over which we have little or no control such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Forward-looking statements, including those concerning our expectations, involve significant risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, which may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements, or industry results to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. See the "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation" section contained in this Report and the section "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022 for a listing of some of the factors that could cause the results anticipated by our forward-looking statements to differ from actual future results. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. You are cautioned not to unduly rely on such forward-looking statements when evaluating the information presented in this Report.

-ii-

**PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

**Item 1. Financial Statements.**

 **Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.**

 **Consolidated Balance Sheets**

 **(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **January 31, 2023** | **October 31, 2022** |
| ASSETS |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash | $3773628 | $3685893 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net | 518291 | 574606 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other receivable – related party – short term | 2026245 | 1539486 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories | 3761491 | 1239725 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | 316621 | 426407 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax receivable |  | 1607302 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current assets | 10396276 | 9073419 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fixed assets, net | 3364 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other receivable – related party – net of current portion | 1483297 | 2164646 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right of use asset- operating lease | 1152020 | 1198969 |
| TOTAL ASSETS | $13034957 | $12437034 |
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | $81265 | $40023 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable- related party | 2350787 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses | 675453 | 1099157 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Customer deposits | 12098 | 44973 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Customer refund due | 366956 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue | 129702 | 235274 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease obligation – short term | 170603 | 166051 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current liabilities | 3786864 | 1585478 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;LONG TERM LIABILITIES |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease obligation, net of current portion | 1006435 | 1050776 |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | 4793299 | 2636254 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock; 5,000,000 shares authorized: Series A Convertible Preferred stock ($0.001 par value, 3,000,000shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock ($0.001 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 56,169,090 and 56,169,090 issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively) | 56169 | 56169 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in capital | 30811574 | 29375787 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated deficit | (22626085) | (19631176) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Stockholders' Equity | 8241658 | 9800780 |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | $13034957 | $12437034 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 **Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.**

**Consolidated Statements of Operations**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Three Months Ended January 31,** | **For the Three Months Ended January 31,** |
|  | **2023** | **2022** |
| **Revenues** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revenues, net | $2435835 | $2841990 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revenues - related parties | 3085 | 23765 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Royalty revenue | 105572 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Excise tax on products | (18574) | (23872) |
| **Total revenues, net** | 2525918 | 2841883 |
| **Cost of revenue** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of revenue - related party | 1985800 | 3484620 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of revenue – other |  | 48172 |
| **Total cost of revenue** | 1985800 | 3532792 |
| **Gross profit (loss)** | 540118 | (690909) |
| **Operating expenses** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advertising and promotions | 588910 | 592501 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative expenses | 2958069 | 1498554 |
| **Total operating expenses** | 3546979 | 2091055 |
| **Other income** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income | 11952 |  |
| **Total Other income** | 11952 |  |
| **Loss before income taxes provision** | (2994909) | (2781964) |
| Provision for income taxes |  |  |
| **Net loss** | $(2994909) | $(2781964) |
| **Net loss per common share - basic and diluted** | $(0.05) | $(0.09) |
| **Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic and diluted** | 56169090 | 30234477 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

**Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.**

**Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity**

**For the Three Months Ended January 31, 2023**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Convertible Preferred Shares (Series A)** | **Par Value Convertible Preferred Shares (Series A)** | **Common Shares** | **Par Value Common Shares** | **Additional Paid-in Capital** | **Accumulated Deficit** | **Total** |
| **Balances, October 31, 2022** |  | $— | 56169090 | $56169 | $29375787 | $(19631176) | $9800780 |
| Stock option expense |  |  |  |  | 1435787 |  | 1435787 |
| Net loss |  |  |  |  |  | (2994909) | (2994909) |
| **Balances, January 31, 2023** |  | $— | 56169090 | $56169 | $30811574 | $(22626085) | $8241658 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 **Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.**

**Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity**

**For the Three Months Ended January 31, 2022**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Convertible Preferred Shares (Series A)** | **Par Value Convertible Preferred Shares (Series A)** | **Common Shares** | **Par Value Common Shares** | **Additional Paid-in Capital** | **Accumulated Deficit** | **Total** |
| **Balances, October 31, 2021** | 3000000 | $3000 | 30195312 | $30195 | $21551959 | $(5260841) | $16324313 |
| Stock issued for services – RSU |  |  | 61250 | 61 | 110189 |  | 110250 |
| Common stock settled and cancelled |  |  | (19866) | (20) | (35739) |  | (35759) |
| Stock option expense |  |  |  |  | 309700 |  | 309700 |
| Net loss |  |  |  |  |  | (2781964) | (2781964) |
| **Balances, January 31, 2022** | 3000000 | $3000 | 30236696 | $30236 | $21936109 | $(8042805) | $13926540 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Ka**ival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.**

**Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows**

 **(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Three Months Ended January 31, 2023** | **For the Three Months Ended January 31, 2022** |
| **<u>CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES</u>** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss | $(2994909) | $(2781964) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock based compensation |  | 110250 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 116 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock option expense | 1435787 | 309700 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ROU operating lease expense | 46949 | 3649 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in current assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | 56315 | 688982 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other receivable – related party | 194590 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | 109786 | 29543 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventory | (2521766) | 3484620 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax receivable | 1607302 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | 41242 | (62812) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable – related party | 2350787 | (3538010) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses | (423704) | (205192) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deferred revenue | (105572) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Customer deposits | (32875) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Customer refund due | 366956 | (169110) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right of use liabilities – operating lease | (39789) | (3170) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 91215 | (2133514) |
| <u>**CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:**</u> |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for equipment | (3480) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net cash used in investing activities** | (3480) |  |
| **<u>CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:</u>** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Settled RSU shares with cash |  | (35759) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash used in financing activities |  | (35759) |
| Net change in cash and restricted cash | 87735 | (2169273) |
| Beginning cash and restricted cash balance | 3685893 | 7825235 |
| Ending cash and restricted cash balance | $3773628 | $5655962 |
| **<u>SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:</u>** |  |  |
| Interest paid | $— | $— |
| Income taxes paid | $— | $106385 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

**KAIVAL BRANDS INNOVATIONS GROUP, INC.**

 **Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements**

**Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business**

Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc. (the "Company," the "Registrant," "we," "us," or "our"), formerly known as Quick Start Holdings, Inc., was incorporated on September 4, 2018, in the State of Delaware.

**Description of Business**

In March 2020, the Company commenced business operations as a result of becoming the exclusive distributor of certain electronic nicotine delivery system ("ENDS") and related components (the "Products") manufactured by Bidi Vapor, LLC ("Bidi"), a related party company that is owned by Nirajkumar Patel, the Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and a director of the Company.

On March 9, 2020, the Company entered into an exclusive distribution agreement (the "Distribution Agreement") with Bidi, which was amended and restated on May 21, 2020, and again on April 20, 2021 (collectively, the "A&R Distribution Agreement"). Pursuant to the A&R Distribution Agreement, Bidi granted the Company an exclusive worldwide right to distribute the Products for sale and resale to both retail level customers and non-retail level customers. Currently, the Products consist entirely of the "BIDI<sup>®</sup> Stick." The Company ceased all direct-to-consumer sales in February 2021. On June 10, 2022, and again on November 17, 2022 the Company and Bidi entered into a third amended and restated exclusive distribution agreement (the "Third A&R Distribution Agreement") which memorializes the Company's current business relationship with Bidi.

On August 31, 2020, the Company formed Kaival Labs, Inc., a Delaware corporation (herein referred to as "Kaival Labs"), as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, for the purpose of developing Company-branded and white-label products and services. The Company has not yet launched any Kaival-branded product, nor has it begun to provide white label wholesale solutions for other product manufacturers. The Company may also utilize Kaival Labs to acquire or license complimentary businesses or assets. On March 11, 2022, the Company formed Kaival Brands International, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (herein referred to as "KBI"), as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, for the purpose of entering into an international licensing agreement with Philip Morris Products S.A. ("PMPSA"), a wholly owned affiliate of Philip Morris International Inc. ("PMI").

***Current Product Offerings***

Pursuant to the A&R Distribution Agreement, The Company sells and resells electronic nicotine delivery systems, which it may refer to herein as "ENDS Products", or "e-cigarettes", to non-retail level customers. The sole Product the Company resells is the "BIDI® Stick," a disposable, tamper-resistant ENDS product that comes in a variety of flavor options for adult cigarette smokers. The Company does not manufacture any of the Products it resells. The BIDI® Stick is manufactured by Bidi. Pursuant to the terms of the A&R Distribution Agreement, Bidi provides the Company with all branding, logos, and marketing materials to be utilized by the Company in connection with its marketing and promotion of the Products.

**COVID-19 Impact**

In January 2020, the World Health Organization (the "WHO") announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19") originating in Wuhan, China and the risks to the international community as the virus spread globally beyond its point of origin. In March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic based on the rapid increase in global exposure.

During the Company's fiscal year 2021 and early part of fiscal 2022, the Company was indirectly impacted by supply chain issues and regulatory oversight arising out of COVID-19. The Company believes that many retailers and distributers relaxed their ENDS compliance standards as an indirect result of COVID-19 for two reasons: (i) government enforcement of regulations was very limited due to imposed social restrictions, resulting in less in-person monitor enforcement by government officials and (ii) retail stores experienced light foot traffic from customers due to COVID-19 restrictions and fears, which resulted in relaxed compliance in an effort to generate additional revenue. While the impact of COVID-19 decreased during the Company's fiscal 2022 year and the first quarter of its fiscal 2023 year, outbreaks of COVID-19 or its variants, either locally, nationally or globally, as well as related supply chain issues, could adversely impact the Company's business.

**Impact of the FDA PMTA Decision and Subsequent Court Actions**

As of January 31, 2022, the FDA announced that it has taken action on over 99% of applications and issued Marketing Denial Orders ("MDOs") for more than 1,167,000 non-tobacco flavored ENDS products, while issuing zero marketing authorizations for such products.

Bidi, along with nearly every other company in the ENDS industry, received a MDO for its non-tobacco flavored ENDS products. With respect to Bidi, the MDO covered all non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks, including its Arctic (menthol) BIDI® Stick. As a result, beginning in September 2021, Bidi pursued multiple avenues to challenge the MDO. First, on September 21, 2021, separate from the judicial appeal of the MDO in its entirety, Bidi filed a 21 C.F.R. § 10.75 internal FDA supervisory review request specifically of the decision to include the Arctic (menthol) BIDI® Stick in the MDO. In May 2022, the FDA issued a determination that it views the Arctic BIDI® Stick as a non-tobacco flavored ENDS product, and not strictly a menthol flavored product.

On September 29, 2021, Bidi petitioned the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (the "11th Circuit") to review the FDA's denial of the comprehensive PMTAs for its non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Stick ENDS, arguing that it was arbitrary and capricious under the Administrative Procedure Act ("APA"), as well as ultra vires, for the FDA not to conduct any scientific review of Bidi's comprehensive applications, as required by the Tobacco Control Act ("TCA"), to determine whether the BIDI® Sticks are "appropriate for the protection of the public health". Bidi further argued that the FDA violated due process and the APA by failing to provide fair notice of the FDA's new requirement for ENDS companies to conduct long-term comparative smoking cessation studies for their flavored products, and that the FDA should have gone through the notice and comment rulemaking process for this requirement.

On October 14, 2021, Bidi requested that the FDA re-review the MDO and reconsider its position that Bidi did not include certain scientific data in its applications sufficient to allow the PMTAs to proceed to scientific review. In light of this request, on October 22, 2021, pursuant to 21 C.F.R. § 10.35(a), the FDA issued an administrative stay of Bidi's MDO pending its re-review, permitting the Company to continue sales. Subsequently, the FDA decided not to rescind the MDO and lifted its administrative stay on December 17, 2021. Following the lifting of the FDA's administrative stay, Bidi filed a renewed motion to stay the MDO with the 11th Circuit. On February 1, 2022, the appellate court granted Bidi's motion to stay (i.e., put on hold) the MDO, again allowing the Company to continue sales pending the litigation on the merits. Oral arguments in the merits-based proceeding were held on May 17, 2022.

On August 23, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit set aside the MDO issued to the non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks and remanded Bidi's back to the FDA for further review. Specifically, the Court held that the MDO was "arbitrary and capricious" in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act ("APA") because FDA failed to consider the relevant evidence before it, specifically Bidi's aggressive and comprehensive marketing and sales-access-restrictions plans designed to prevent youth appeal and access.

The 11th Circuit's opinion further found indicated that the FDA did not properly review the data and evidence that it has long made clear are critical to the appropriate for the protection of the public health ("APPH") standard for PMTAs set forth in the Tobacco Control Act including, in Bidi's case, "product information, scientific safety testing, literature reviews, consumer insight surveys, and details about the company's youth access prevention measures, distribution channels, and adult-focused marketing practices," which "target only existing adult vapor product users, including current adult smokers," as well as our retailer monitoring program and state-of-the-art anti-counterfeit authentication system. Because a MDO must be based on a consideration of the relevant factors, such as the marketing and sales-access-restrictions plans, the denial order was deemed arbitrary and capricious, and vacated by the FDA.

The FDA did not appeal to the 11th Circuit's decision. The FDA had until October 7, 2022 (45 days from the August 23, 2022 decision) to either request a panel rehearing or a rehearing "en banc" (a review by the entire 11th Circuit, not just the 3-judge panel that issued the decision), and until November 21, 2022 (90 days after the decision) to seek review of the decision by the U.S. Supreme Court. No request for a rehearing was filed, and no petition for a writ of certiorari was made to the Supreme Court. In the meantime, the Company anticipates continued ability to market and sell the non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks, subject to the FDA's enforcement discretion, for the duration of the PMTA scientific review.

Separately, on or about May 13, 2022, FDA placed the tobacco-flavored Classic BIDI® Stick into the final Phase III scientific review, and in September 2022 completed a remote regulatory assessment of Bidi and its contract manufacturer in China, SMISS Technology Co. LTD, in relation to the pending PMTA for the Classic BIDI® Stick.

**Risks and Uncertainties**

FDA has indicated that it is prioritizing enforcement of unauthorized ENDS against companies (1) that never submitted PMTAs, (2) whose PMTAs have been refused acceptance or filing by the FDA, (3) whose PMTAs remain subject to MDOs, and (4) that are continuing to market unauthorized synthetic nicotine products after the July 13, 2022, cutoff. Subject to FDA's enforcement discretion, until the scientific review process is complete on each of Bidi's PMTAs, the Company views the risk of FDA enforcement against Bidi as low. The Company anticipates FDA will move forward with a review of Bidi's PMTA on remand, as directed by the Court; however, the Company cannot provide any assurances as to the timing or outcome.

Accordingly, the Company anticipates FDA will move forward with a review of Bidi's PMTA on remand, as directed by the Court.

Moreover, the Company believes that Bidi's application is particularly comprehensive, and now includes, among other things, a randomized, crossover, clinical study to assess nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of the BIDI® Stick, several behavioral, perception and intention studies, as well as a nationally-representative population prevalence study. A complete scientific review of the PMTA would require FDA to review all this information before making an APPH determination, and while FDA could narrowly interpret the Court's ruling as an order to review only Bidi's marketing and sales-access restrictions plans, the 11<sup>th</sup> Circuit's opinion, in the Company's view, makes clear that all "relevant evidence" in an application must be considered. For applications that are in scientific review, FDA typically issues a deficiency letter identifying its questions before making a marketing authorization decision and gives the applicant at least 90 days to respond. This further solidifies the Company's belief that the scientific review of Bidi's non-tobacco flavored applications could take 1-2 years or longer. However, the Company cannot provide any assurances as to the timing or outcome.

**Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies**

**Principles of Consolidation**

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries, Kaival Labs and KBI. Intercompany transactions are eliminated.

 **Basis of Presentation**

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company's most recent audited financial statements contained within the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on January 30, 2023 (the "2022 Annual Report"). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of financial position and the results of operations for the interim period presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. Notes to the consolidated financial statements, which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal period as reported in the 2022 Annual Report, have been omitted.

**Use of Estimates**

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary in order to make the financial statements not misleading have been included. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

**Cash and Cash Equivalents**

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents and restricted cash as of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022. Cash as of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022 was $3,773,628 and $3,685,893, respectively.

The F*ederal Deposit Insurance Corporation* ("FDIC") insures deposits according to the ownership category in which the funds are insured and how the accounts are titled. The standard deposit insurance coverage limit is $250,000 per depositor, per FDIC-insured bank, per ownership category. The Company had uninsured cash and cash equivalents of $3,250,651 and $2,912,793 at January 31, 2023, and October 31, 2022, respectively.

**Advertising and Promotion**

All advertising, promotion and marketing expenses, including commissions, are expensed when incurred.

**Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts**

Receivables are stated at cost, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on management's assessment of the collectability of accounts receivable. A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the amount of the allowance and the Company considers the historical level of credit losses and collection history and applies percentages to aged receivable categories. The Company makes judgments about the creditworthiness of debtors based on ongoing credit evaluations and monitors current economic trends that might impact the level of credit losses in the future. If the financial condition of the debtors were to deteriorate, resulting in their inability to make payments, a larger allowance may be required. As of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, based upon management's assessment of the accounts receivable aging and the customers' payment history, the Company has determined that no allowance for doubtful accounts is required.

**Inventories**

All product inventory is purchased from a related party, Bidi. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost includes all costs of purchase and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The Company determines cost based on the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. As of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, the inventories only consisted of finished goods and were located in three locations: the Company's main warehouse located in Florida and two customer warehouses whose service agreements are on a consignment basis with the Company. Based upon fiscal year 2022 inventory management procedures, as well as those inventory management procedures performed during the first fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2023 and their results for both periods of time, the Company has determined that no allowance for inventory was required as of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022.

**Revenue Recognition**

The Company adopted ASC 606, *Revenue from Contracts with Customers* (Topic 606) ("ASC 606"), in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, as this was the first quarter that the Company generated revenues. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when a customer obtains control of promised goods, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for the goods. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (1) identify the contracts with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when or as the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods it transfers to the customer. Under ASC 606, disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers depicts the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows affected by economic factors.

**Deferred Revenue**

The Company accepts partial payments for orders from wholesale customers, which it holds as deposits or deferred revenue, until the Company has received full payment and orders are shipped to the customer. Revenue for these orders is recognized at the time of shipment to the customer. As of January 31, 2023, and October 31, 2022, the Company has $12,098 and $44,973 in deposits from customers, respectively, which is included with the Company's current liabilities. As of January 31, 2023, and October 31, 2022, the Company has $129,701 and $235,274 in deferred income from PMI guaranteed royalty revenue prepayments, respectively, which is included with the Company's current liabilities.

**Customer Refunds**

The Company infrequently has a need to adjust the size of an order after it has been shipped, received and paid for, due to the customer oversizing the order for more product that it can realistically sell at that time. If and when this occurs, the Company will ask the customer to return the over allotted product. Once received and inspected, the Company will issue a refund for the product return. As of January 31, 2023, and October 31, 2022, the Company had customer refunds due in the amounts equal to $366,956 and $0, respectively.

**Products Revenue**

The Company generates products revenue from the sale of the Products (as defined above) to non-retail customers. The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time based on management's evaluation of when performance obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied and control of the Products has been transferred to the customer. In most situations, transfer of control is considered complete when the products have been shipped to the customer. The Company determined that a customer obtains control of the Product upon shipment when title of such product and risk of loss transfer to the customer. However, when the Company enters a consignment agreement with a new customer, once it ships and delivers the requested amount of ordered Products to its distribution center for its retail sales locations, the Company retains ownership of the delivered Products until they are delivered to the actual retail stores (as opposed to the Company's consignment customer). The Company's shipping and handling costs are fulfillment costs, and such amounts are classified as part of cost of sales. The Company offers credit sales arrangements to non-retail (or wholesale) customers and monitors the collectability of each credit sale routinely.

Revenue is measured by the transaction price, which is defined as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for providing goods to customers. The transaction price is adjusted for estimates of known or expected variable consideration, which includes refunds and returns as well as incentive offers and promotional discounts on current orders. Estimates for sales returns are based on, among other things, an assessment of historical trends, information from customers, and anticipated returns related to current sales activity. These estimates are established in the period of sale and reduce revenue in the period of the sale. Variable consideration related to incentive offers and promotional programs are recorded as a reduction to revenue based on amounts the Company expects to collect. Estimates are regularly updated, and the impact of any adjustments are recognized in the period the adjustments are identified. In many cases, key sales terms such as pricing and quantities ordered are established at the time an order is placed and incentives have very short-term durations.

Amounts billed and due from customers are short term in nature and are classified as receivable since payments are unconditional and only the passage of time related to credit terms is required before payments are due. The Company does not grant payment financing terms greater than one year. Payments received in advance of revenue recognition are recorded as deferred revenue, as noted above.

**Royalty Revenue**

On June 13, 2022, KBI entered into the PMI License Agreement with PMPSA, effective as of May 13, 2022 (the "PMI Commencement Date"). Pursuant to the PMI License Agreement, KBI granted PMPSA an exclusive irrevocable license to use its technology, documentation, and intellectual property to make, distribute, and sell disposable nicotine e-cigarettes Products based on the intellectual property in certain international markets set forth in the PMI License Agreement (the "PMI Markets"). The Company has the exclusive international distribution rights to the Products and, in order to allow KBI to fulfill its obligations set forth in the PMI License Agreement, has contributed the international distribution rights for the PMI Markets to KBI as set forth in a Capital Contribution Agreement, dated June 10, 2022. The sublicense granted to PMPSA is exclusive in the PMI Markets and neither KBI nor any of its affiliates can sell, promote, use, or distribute any competing products in the PMI Markets for the duration of the term of the PMI License Agreement and any Sell-Out Period (as defined in the PMI License Agreement). PMSPA will be responsible for any regulatory filings necessary to sell the Products in the PMI Markets. Both KBI and PMPSA agree to work together in the registration and maintenance of the Intellectual Property, but KBI will bear all cost and expense to implement the registration strategy. Finally, PMPSA has agreed to potential future development services with KBI in the PMI Markets and has been granted certain rights with respect to potential future products.

The initial term of the PMI License Agreement is five (5) years and automatically renews for an additional five-year period unless PMPSA has failed to meet the agreed upon minimum key performance indicators set forth in the PMI License Agreement, in which case the PMI License Agreement will automatically terminate at the end of the initial license term.

In consideration for the grant of the licensed rights, PMPSA agreed to pay to KBI a royalty equal to a percentage of the base price of the first sale of each unit of Product manufactured. In addition, before the launch of the first product in a market and each anniversary of such launch, PMPSA agrees to pre-pay to KBI a guaranteed minimum royalty based on the estimated royalties payable by PMPSA to KBI in relation to all markets in the twelve (12)-month period following the first launch or each successive anniversary of the first launch, subject to an aggregate maximum guaranteed royalty payment for all markets for each applicable twelve (12)-month period. PMPSA may require modification of certain products to be sold under the PMI Licensing Agreement to be modified for a PMI Market. Pursuant to the PMI Licensing Agreement, PMPSA has absolute discretion over sales, marketing, product branding and packaging pertaining to sales in the PMI Markets, as well as the right to select the specific PMI Markets in which to launch commercialization and determine what product types are to be promoted in each market, subject to sales and marketing plans and annual business plans set by PMPSA and certain expansion criteria agreed between PMPSA and KBI. Royalty revenue earned from the PMI License Agreement is recognized in the period the sales of the Product manufactured occurs.

The PMI License Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants, and indemnification provisions; however, KBI's liability under the PMI License Agreement is capped at the greater of: (i) Ten Million Dollars ($10,000,000); or (ii) an amount equal to the total of the royalties due to KBI (but not yet paid) plus the royalties (including the guaranteed royalty payment) paid to KBI pursuant to the PMI License Agreement during the immediately preceding twelve (12) consecutive months, provided that such amount shall not exceed Thirty Million Dollars ($30,000,000). These royalties may be initially offset on a limited basis by jointly agreed upon costs such as development costs incurred for entry to specific international markets.

The KBI License agreement provides that KBI shall pay Bidi license fees equivalent to 50% of the adjusted earned royalty payments, after any offsets due to jointly agreed costs such development costs incurred for entry to specific international markets. Consequently, the Company has determined that no license fees are owed to Bidi as of January 31, 2023.

**Concentration of Revenues and Accounts Receivable**

 ****

For the three months ended January 31, 2023, (i) 25% or $599,201 of the revenue from the sale of Products, solely consisting of the BIDI<sup>®</sup> Stick, was generated from GPM Investments, LLC, ("GPM"), (ii) 18% or $432,000 of the revenue from the sale of the Products was generated from FAVS Business, ("FAVS"), and (iii) approximately 15% or $372,518 of the revenue from the sale of Products, solely consisting of the BIDI Stick, was generated from H.T. Hackney Co.

For the three months ended January 31, 2022, 45%, or $1,287,180, of the revenue from the sale of Products was generated from FAVS, 12%, or $352,554, of the revenue from the sale of Products was generated from Lakshmi Distributor Inc., doing business as C Store Master ("C Store Master"), and 12%, or $332,595, of the revenue from the sale of Products was generated from H.T. Hackney Company.

FAVS, with an outstanding balance of $201,600, GPM, with an outstanding balance of $126,158, and Stewart Distribution with an outstanding balance of $59,404, accounted for 39%, 24%, and 11% of the total accounts receivable from customers, respectively, as of January 31, 2023. FAVS and C Store Master had outstanding balances of $374,400 and $282,414, respectively, which accounted for 29% and 22%, respectively, of the total accounts receivable from customers as of January 31, 2022.

**Share-Based Compensation**

The Company measures the cost of services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments (share-based payments, referred to herein as "SBP") based on the grant-date fair value of the award. That cost is recognized over the period during which a recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the SBP award—the requisite service period (vesting period). For SBP awards subject to performance conditions, compensation is not recognized until the performance condition is probable of occurrence. The grant-date fair value of share options is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model.

The fair value of each option granted during the fiscal three-month period ended January 31, 2023, and January 31, 2022, was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the weighted average assumptions in the following table:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of January**<br>**31, 2023** | **As of January**<br>**31, 2022** |
| Expected dividend yield | 0% | 0% |
| Expected option term (years) | 10 | 10 |
| Expected volatility | 275.68% | 294.57%-<br> 301.53 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.12% | 1.19-1.63% |

---

The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected volatility was based on the volatility in the trading of the Company's common stock. The assumed discount rate was the default risk-free ten-year interest rate for U.S. Treasury bills. The Company's stock option expense for the fiscal three months ended January 31, 2023, and ended January 31, 2022 were $1,435,787 and $309,700, respectively.

**Fair Value of Financial Instruments**

The Company's balance sheet includes certain financial instruments. The carrying amounts of current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of these instruments and their expected realization.

ASC 820, *Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures* ("ASC 820"), defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity's own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

● Level
 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted
 assets or liabilities.

● Level
 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly
 or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or
 similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the
 asset or liability (e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market
 data by correlation or other means.

● Level
 3 - Inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

Fair value estimates discussed herein are based upon certain market assumptions and pertinent information available to management as of January 31, 2023. The respective carrying value of certain on-balance-sheet financial instruments approximated their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. These financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable and accrued expenses . As of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, the Company did not have any financial assets or liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

**Recent Accounting Pronouncements**

The Company does not believe that any recently issued effective pronouncements, or pronouncements issued but not yet effective, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.

**Note 3 – Going Concern**

The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP applicable to a going concern, which contemplates realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business within one year after the date the consolidated financial statements are issued.

In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB"), Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), our management evaluates whether there are conditions or events, considered in aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred significant recurring losses, which raises substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

In response to the above, the Company assessed its management's plans to alleviate that doubt. The Company has positive working capital as of January 31, 2023, of $6,503,841. The Company considered that its losses were due to various factors such as: (i) uncertainty surrounding the PMTA process with FDA and (ii) the MDO that was issued to Bidi Vapor on its non-tobacco flavored ENDS products. However, the MDO was set aside and vacated by the 11<sup>th</sup> Circuit in August 2022, and the ability to appeal such decision has passed, thereby facilitating the continued sales of the non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks for sale in the United States (pending FDA's review of the pending PMTAs and subject to FDA enforcement). Concurrently, the PMTA for the tobacco-flavored (Classic) BIDI® Sticks for sale in the United States continues to move through the PMTA scientific review phase. Management's assessment included the preparation of cash flow forecasts which considered increases in revenues considering the favorable ruling obtained on the MDO as disclosed above.

The Company believes that its available cash and the cash to be provided by future operating activities should enable the Company to meet its estimated liquidity needs for the next 12 months after the date that the financial statements are issued. Because of the above factors, the Company believes that this alleviates the substantial doubt in connection with the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

However, there is no assurance that the Company's plans will be able to generate expected or greater amounts of revenues or ever achieve profitability, due to the current economic climate in the United States and globally, the regulation and public perception of ENDS products and the various other risks faced by the Company. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these or other risks or uncertainties.

**Note 4 – Leases**

The Company capitalizes all leased assets pursuant to ASU 2016-02, *Leases (Topic 842)* ("Topic 842"), which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liability, initially measured at present value of the lease payments, on its balance sheet for leases with terms longer than 12 months and classified as either financing or operating leases. The Company excludes short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or less from Topic 842 as an accounting policy election and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not have financing leases and only one operating lease for office space and inventory storage space with Just Pick, LLC ("Just Pick"), a related party owned and controlled by Nirajkumar Patel, the Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and a director of the Company, as of January 31, 2023, and October 31, 2022. Certain of the Company's leases, have and may in the future, include renewal options, which have been and might be in the future, included in the calculation of the lease liabilities and right of use assets when the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option.

***Office and Storage Space***

On November 1, 2021, the Company entered into a month-to-month lease agreement with Ranger Enterprises, LLC, located in Seymour, Indiana, to store product inventory at this satellite location. The Company made payments on this lease in the amount of $19,959. The lease was terminated in June 2022.

On November 11, 2021, the Company entered into a month- to-month lease agreement with FFE Solutions Group, located in Salt Lake City Utah, to store additional product inventory at this satellite location. The Company made payments on this lease in the amount of $19,108. This lease was terminated in April 2022.

On June 10, 2022, the Company entered into a Lease Agreement (the "2022 Lease") with Just Pick for approximately 21,332 rentable square feet combined in the office building and warehouse located at 4460 Old Dixie Highway, Grant-Valkaria, Florida 32949 (the "Premises"), together with all improvements thereon. The Company must pay Just Pick base rent equal to $17,776.67 per month during the first year of the Lease Term with a five-year lease renewal option. Thereafter, the monthly base rent will be increased annually with a monthly base rent of $18,665.50 in the second year, $19,554.33 in the third year, $20,443.17 in the fourth year, $22,220.83 in the fifth year, $23,998.50 in the sixth year, and one twelfth (1/12th) of the market annual rent for the seventh through eleventh years, if applicable. In addition to the base rent, the Company must pay one hundred percent (100%) of operating expenses, insurance costs, and taxes for each calendar year during the Lease term. For both the ROU asset and ROU liability, the lease renewal option was considered in the calculation with an incremental borrowing rate of 4.5%. The Company had $46,949 and $3,649 in operating lease expense for the three months ended January 31, 2023, and January 31, 2022, respectively.

Cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **January 31, 2023** | **January 31, 2022** |
| **Other Lease Information** |  |  |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | $(46949) | $(3649) |

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The following table summarizes the lease-related assets and liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2023, and October 31, 2022:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Lease Position** | **January 31, 2023** | **October 31, 2022** |
| Operating Leases |  |  |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | $1152020 | $1198969 |
| Right of use liability operating lease current portion | $170603 | $166051 |
| Right of use liability operating lease long term | 1006435 | 1050776 |
| Total operating lease liabilities | $1177038 | $1216827 |

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The following table provides the maturities of lease liabilities at January 31, 2023:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **Operating Leases** |
| Maturity of Lease Liabilities on January 31, 2023 |  |
| 2023 | $164139 |
| 2024 | 228134 |
| 2025 | 238800 |
| 2026 | 253614 |
| 2027 and thereafter | 450934 |
| Total future undiscounted lease payments | $1335621 |
| Less: Interest | (158583) |
| Present value of lease liabilities | $1177038 |

---

At January 31, 2023, the Company had no additional leases which had not yet commenced.

**Note 5 – Stockholders' Equity**

***Common Stock***

 ****

During the three months ended January 31, 2023:

No shares of Common Stock were issued during the three months ended January 31, 2023.

***Preferred Stock Converted***

 ****

The authorized preferred stock of the Company consists of 5,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.001 per share, of which 3,000,000 shares were designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series A Preferred Stock"). Each share of the Series A Preferred Stock was initially convertible into 100 shares of Common Stock; however, as a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the conversion rate was adjusted such that each share of the Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into approximately 8.33 shares of Common Stock. On June 24, 2022, all 3,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into shares of Common Stock by Kaival Holdings, LLC, a related party and the Company's majority shareholder. The conversion of 3,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, at a conversion rate of 8.33, equaled 25,000,000 shares of Common Stock. As a result, the authorized, preferred stock of the Company consists of 5,000,000 shares with a par value of $0.001 per share, with 0 shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding as of October 31, 2022.

***Stock Options***

 ****

Summary of stock options information is as follows:

 ****

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |<br>**Aggregate**<br>**Number** |<br>**Aggregate**<br>**Exercise Price** |<br>**Exercise Price**<br>**Range** | **Weighted**<br>**Average**<br>**Exercise Price** |
| **Outstanding, October 31, 2022** | 3202265 | 8921419 | 1.03-28.68 | 2.79 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 3250000 | 3207425 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cancelled, forfeited, or expired |  |  |  |  |
| **Outstanding, January 31, 2023** | 6452265 | $12128844 | $0.99-28.69 | $1.88 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercisable, January 31, 2023 | 2151217 | $6085555 | $0.99-28.69 | $2.83 |

---

 ****

During the three months ended January 31, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized $1,435,787 and $309,700, respectively of stock option expense related to outstanding stock options. On January 31, 2023, the Company had $3,488,735 of unrecognized expenses related to options. The weighted average remaining contractual life is approximately 9.38 years for stock options outstanding on January 31, 2023. The aggregate intrinsic value of these outstanding options as of January 31, 2023, was $0. Compensation expense related to performance-based options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, provided that it is probable that performance conditions will be achieved, with probability assessed on a quarterly basis and any changes in expectations recognized as an adjustment to earnings in the period of the change. Compensation cost is not recognized for service- and performance-based awards that do not vest because service or performance conditions are not satisfied, and any previously recognized compensation cost is reversed. If vesting occurs prior to the end of the requisite service period, expense is accelerated and fully recognized through the vesting date.

On November 9, 2022, non-qualified stock options exercisable for up to 250,000 shares of Common Stock were awarded to one supplier of the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant date, with the shares fully vested on the issue date. The fair value of the options on the grant date was $246,747 using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price $0.9869 per share (based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant), a computed volatility of 275.68%, expected term of 10 years, and a risk-free interest rate of 4.12%.

On November 9, 2022, non-qualified stock options exercisable for up to 3,000,000 shares of Common Stock were awarded to one supplier of the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant date, with the shares fully vesting based on achievement of certain net revenue and profit margin targets up to $180,000,000 in total net revenues over a period of 3 years. The fair value of the options on the grant date was $2,960,968 using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: stock price $0.9869 per share (based on the quoted trading price on the date of grant), a computed volatility of 275.68%, expected term of 10 years, and a risk-free interest rate of 4.12%.

***Warrants***

 ****

Warrant information as of the periods indicated is as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |<br>**Aggregate**<br>**Number** |<br>**Aggregate**<br>**Exercise Price** |<br>**Exercise Price**<br>**Range** | **Weighted**<br>**Average**<br>**Exercise Price** |
| **Outstanding, October 31, 2022** | 2318317 | 4404802 | 1.90 | 1.90 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cancelled, forfeited, or expired |  |  |  |  |
| **Outstanding, January 31, 2023** | 2318317 | $4404802 | $1.90 | $1.90 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercisable, January 31, 2023 | 2318317 | $4404802 | $1.90 | $1.90 |

---

The weighted average remaining contractual life is approximately 3.66 years for Common Stock warrants outstanding as of January 31, 2023. As of January 31, 2023, there was no intrinsic value of outstanding stock warrants.

**Note 6 – Related-Party Transactions**

In March 2020, the Company commenced business operations as a result of becoming the exclusive distributor of certain ENDS and related components (the "Products") manufactured by Bidi, a related party company that is also owned by Nirajkumar Patel, the Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and a director of the Company.

***Other Receivable***

On August 1, 2022, the Company and Bidi agreed to a price credit for short-coded or expiring inventory against the related-party accounts payable balance due to Bidi. A credit of $2,924,655 was applied on August 1, 2022, resulting in a related-party accounts receivable balance due from Bidi of $2,134,413, to be applied on future orders of Product. On October 31, 2022, the Company and Bidi agreed to a return for short-coded or expiring inventory. An additional credit of $1,543,545 and $108,841 for recycling cost was applied on October 31, 2022, to the related-party receivable balance due from Bidi.

As of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, the Company has a related-party receivable balance due from Bidi of $3,509,542 and $3,704,132, respectively. The receivable balance will be realized though Bidi applying 5% credits on all future orders of product purchased until the entire balance is extinguished.

***Revenue and Accounts Receivable***

During the three months ended January 31, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $3,085 from one company owned by Nirajkumar Patel, the Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and a director of the Company, and/or his wife. There was no accounts receivable balance for these transactions as of January 31, 2023.

During the three months ended January 31, 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $23,765 from four companies owned by Nirajkumar Patel, the Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and a director of the Company, and/or his wife. As of January 31, 2022, the Company had accounts receivable from this related party in the amount of $245.

***Concentration Purchases and Accounts Payable***

During the three months ended January 31, 2023, 100% of the inventories of Products, consisting solely of the BIDI® Stick, were purchased from Bidi, a related party controlled by Nirajkumar Patel, in the amount of $3,697,210. As of January 31, 2023, the Company had accounts payable to Bidi of $2,350,787 and Products valued at $3,761,491 were held in inventory. In addition, as of January 31, 2023, the Company had accrued freight in expense of $347,760. As of October 31, 2022, the Company did not have an accounts payable balance to Bidi.

During the three months ended January 31, 2022, the Company did not purchase Products from Bidi, a related party company that is owned by Nirajkumar Patel. As of January 31, 2022, the Company had accounts payable to Bidi of $9,129,759 and Products valued at $11,841,750 were held in inventory.

The KBI License agreement provides that KBI shall pay Bidi license fees equivalent to 50% of the adjusted earned royalty payments, after any offsets due to jointly agreed costs such development costs incurred for entry to specific international markets. Consequently, the Company has determined that no license fees are owed to Bidi as of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022.

***Leased Office Space and Storage Space***

The Company capitalizes all leased assets pursuant to ASU 2016-02, *Leases (Topic 842)* ("Topic 842"), which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liability, initially measured at present value of the lease payments, on its balance sheet for leases with terms longer than 12 months and classified as either financing or operating leases. The Company excludes short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or less from Topic 842 as an accounting policy election and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. On June 10, 2022, the Company entered into the 2022 Lease with Just Pick for approximately 21,332 rentable square feet combined in the office building and warehouse located at the Premises, together with all improvements thereon. Just Pick is considered a related party to the Company because the Company's Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and director, Mr. Nirajkumar Patel, owns and controls Just Pick.

**Note 7 – Commitments and Contingencies**

The Company follows ASC 450-20, *Los*s *Contingencies,* to report accounting for contingencies. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated. There were no commitments or contingencies as of January 31, 2023, and October 31, 2022, other than the below:

*QuikfillRx Service Agreement Amendment*

Effective as of November 9, 2022, the Company entered into its latest amendment to the Service Agreement with QuikfillRx (collectively with prior amendments, the "Amended Service Agreement"). The November 9, 2022 amendment to the Service Agreement was captioned as the "Fourth Amendment" although it was the fifth amendment to the Service Agreement. Pursuant to the Amended Service Agreement:

(a) the term of the Amended Service Agreement was extended (unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the Amended Service Agreement) from November 1, 2022 (the "Effective Date") until October 31, 2025, following which the term shall automatically renew for successive one (1) year periods beginning November 1, 2025;

(b) QuikfillRx agreed to change its "doing business as" name to "Kaival Marketing Services" within thirty (30) days following the Effective Date;

(c) it was provided that either party may terminate the Amended Service Agreement without cause upon not less than ninety (90) days prior written notice to the other party;

(d) QuikfillRx was granted a one-time, fully vested, ten-year non-qualified option award to purchase up to 250,000 shares of Company common stock with an exercise price of $0.9869 per share (the closing price of the Company's common stock on November 9, 2022)")., which option grant was memorialized pursuant to a Nonqualified Option Agreement, dated November 9, 2022, between the Company and QuikfillRx; and

(e) the parties agreed to revise the compensation for services as follows: (i) payment of $125,000 per month; (ii) bonus equivalent to 0.27% of the applicable gross quarterly sales and (iii) a grant of 3,000,000 nonqualified stock options to purchase shares of Company common stock which shall vest based on achievement of certain net revenue and profit margin targets up to $180,000,000 in total net revenues over a period of 3 years.

The Company accrued $28,318 for a quarterly bonus payable to QuikfillRx, based on the Applicable Gross Quarterly Sales results of the three months ended January 31, 2023. The Company accrued 33,871 for a quarterly bonus payable to QuikfillRx, based on the Applicable Gross Quarterly Sales results for the three months ended October 31, 2022.

**Note 8 – Subsequent Events**

On February 1, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to cancel the 75,000 stock options that were previously issued to a third-party management consultant and agreed to pay such consultant monthly retainer of $16,750, and an incentive compensation bonus of $75,000.

On February 6, 2023, non-qualified stock options exercisable for up to 375,000 shares of common stock were awarded to the three independent board members of the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant date, with 375,000 fully vest on the earlier of February 6, 2024, or a change in control.

On February 6, 2023, non-qualified stock options exercisable for up to 1,000,000 shares of common stock were awarded to two senior executives of the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant date, with 500,000 vest on date of issuance and 500,000 vest on the earlier of February 6, 2024, or a change in control.

On February 6, 2023, non-qualified stock options exercisable for up to 150,000 shares of common stock were awarded to five employees of the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant date, with 150,000 fully vest on the earlier of February 6, 2024 or a change in control.

On February 6, 2023, non-qualified stock options exercisable for up to 200,000 shares of common stock were awarded to one consultant acting as a sales broker for the Company. These stock options have a ten-year term from the grant date, with 200,000 shall vest based on achievement of certain net sales targets up to $100,000,000. The term of the agreement is one year from the effective date with an automatic renewal of one year if net sales defined in the agreement are met.

On March 3, 2023, the Company approved amending the Consulting Agreement for Mark Thoenes, the Company's Interim Chief Financial Officer and extend it through June 30, 2023. In order to extend its term, on March 3, 2023, the Company also approved the grant of a stock option award to Mr. Thoenes to acquire up to 50,000 shares of common stock under the Company's Amended 2020 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan. All of the option shares fully vest on the earlier of June 30, 2023, or upon meeting certain terms and conditions.

**Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.**

*This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is designed to provide a reader of the financial statements with a narrative report on our financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and notes thereto for the three months ended January 31, 2023 included under Item 1 – Financial Statements in this Report and our audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended October 31, 2022 contained in the 2022 Annual Report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Please also see the cautionary language at the beginning of this Report regarding forward-looking statements.*

 

*Capitalized terms used but not defined in this discussion have the meanings ascribed to them in the notes to the accompanying unaudited financial statements.*

 

**Overview**

We are focused on growing and incubating innovative and profitable products into mature, dominant brands, with a current focus on the distribution of electronic nicotine delivery systems ("ENDS"), also known as "e-cigarettes". Our business plan is to seek to diversify into distributing other nicotine and non-nicotine delivery system products (including those related to hemp-derived cannabidiol (known as CBD) products.

Pursuant to the A&R Distribution Agreement, Bidi granted us an exclusive worldwide right to distribute Bidi's ENDS as well as non-electronic nicotine delivery systems and related components (as more particularly set forth in the A&R Distribution Agreement, the "Products") for sale and resale to both retail level customers and non-retail level customers. Currently, the Products consist solely of the "***BIDI<sup>®</sup> Stick***", Bidi's disposable, tamper resistant ENDS product made with medical-grade components, a UL-certified battery and technology designed to deliver a consistent vaping experience for adult smokers 21 and over. We presently distribute Products to wholesalers and retailers of ENDS products, having ceased all direct-to-consumer sales in February 2021. Nirajkumar Patel, our Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and director and an indirect controlling shareholder of our company, owns Bidi.

BIDI<sup>®</sup> Stick comes in a variety of flavor options for adult cigarette smokers. We do not manufacture any of the Products we resell. The BIDI® Stick is manufactured by Bidi. Pursuant to the terms of the A&R Distribution Agreement, Bidi provides us with all branding, logos, and marketing materials to use with our commercial partners use in connection with our marketing and promotion of the Products.

We process all sales made only to non-retail customers, with all sales to non-retail customers made through Bidi's age-restricted website, www.wholesale.bidivapor.com. We ceased all direct-to-consumer sales in February 2021 in order to better ensure youth access prevention and to comply with the Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking ("PACT") Act. We provide all customer service and support at our own expense. We set the minimum prices for all sales made by us. We maintain adequate inventory levels of the Products in order to meet the demands of our non-retail customers, and deliver the Products sold to these customers.

A key third party collaborator of ours is QuikfillRx, LLC, ("QuikfillRx") a Florida limited liability company which recently began doing business as "Kaival Marketing Services" to better reflect its contributions to our company. QuikfillRx provides us with certain services and support relating to sales management, website development and design, graphics, content, public communication, social media, management and analytics, and market and other research. QuikfillRx provides these services to us pursuant to a Services Agreement, most recently amended on November 9, 2022, which has a current term ending on October 31, 2025 (subject to potential one-year extensions) and pursuant to which QuikfillRx receives monthly cash compensation and was granted certain equity compensation in the form of options.

We have also entered into key international licensing agreements with Philip Morris Products S.A. ("PMPSA"), a wholly owned affiliate of Philip Morris International Inc. ("PMI").

On August 31, 2020, we formed Kaival Labs, Inc., a Delaware corporation (herein referred to as "Kaival Labs"), as a wholly owned subsidiary for the purpose of developing our own branded and white-label products and services, of which none has commenced as of the date of this Report. On March 11, 2022, we formed Kaival Brands International, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (herein referred to as "KBI"), as a wholly owned subsidiary for the purpose of entering into an international licensing agreement with PMPSA.

**FDA PMTA Determinations, 11** **<sup>th</sup> Circuit Decision and Impact on Our Business**

In September 2021, in connection with the Bidi's Premarket Tobacco Product Application ("PMTA") process for BIDI<sup>®</sup> Stick, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's ("FDA") effectively "banned" non-tobacco flavored ENDS by denying nearly all then-pending PMTAs for such products (including Bidi's). Following the issuance of by the FDA of a related Marketing Denial Order ("MDO") regarding these ENDS products, manufacturers were required to stop selling non-tobacco flavored ENDS products. Bidi, along with nearly every other company in the ENDS industry, received a MDO for its non-tobacco flavored ENDS products. With respect to Bidi, the MDO covered all non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks, including its Arctic (menthol) BIDI® Stick. As a result, beginning in September 2021, Bidi pursued multiple avenues to challenge the MDO. First, on September 21, 2021, separate from the judicial appeal of the MDO in its entirety, Bidi filed a 21 C.F.R. §10.75 internal FDA supervisory review request specifically of the decision to include the Arctic (menthol) BIDI® Stick in the MDO. In May 2022, the FDA issued a determination that it views the Arctic BIDI® Stick as a non-tobacco flavored ENDS product, and not strictly a menthol flavored product.

On September 29, 2021, Bidi petitioned the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (the "11th Circuit") to review the FDA's denial of the PMTAs for its non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Stick ENDS (including the Arctic BIDI® Stick), arguing that it was arbitrary and capricious under the Administrative Procedure Act ("APA"), as well as ultra vires, for the FDA not to conduct any scientific review of Bidi's comprehensive applications, as required by the Tobacco Control Act ("TCA"), to determine whether the BIDI® Sticks are "appropriate for the protection of the public health". Bidi further argued that the FDA violated due process and the APA by failing to provide fair notice of the FDA's new requirement for ENDS companies to conduct long-term comparative smoking cessation studies for their non-tobacco flavored products compared to tobacco-flavored ENDS products, and that the FDA should have gone through the notice and comment rulemaking process for this requirement.

On August 23, 2022, the 11<sup>th</sup> Circuit set aside (i.e., vacated) the MDO issued to the non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks and remanded Bidi's PMTA back to the FDA for further review. Specifically, the 11<sup>th</sup> Circuit held that the MDO was "arbitrary and capricious" in violation of the APA because the FDA failed to consider the relevant evidence before it, specifically Bidi's aggressive and comprehensive marketing and sales-access-restrictions plans designed to prevent youth appeal and access.

The 11<sup>th</sup> Circuit's opinion further indicated that the FDA did not properly review the data and evidence that it has long made clear are critical to the appropriate for the protection of the public health ("APPH") standard for PMTAs set forth in the Tobacco Control Act including, in Bidi's case, "product information, scientific safety testing, literature reviews, consumer insight surveys, and details about the company's youth access prevention measures, distribution channels, and adult-focused marketing practices," which "target only existing adult vapor product users, including current adult smokers," as well as our retailer monitoring program and state-of-the-art anti-counterfeit authentication system. Because a MDO must be based on a consideration of the relevant factors, such as the marketing and sales-access-restrictions plans, the denial order was deemed arbitrary and capricious, and vacated by the FDA.

The FDA did not appeal to the 11th Circuit's decision. The FDA had until October 7, 2022 (45 days from the August 23, 2022 decision) to either request a panel rehearing or a rehearing "en banc" (a review by the entire 11th Circuit, not just the 3-judge panel that issued the decision), and until November 21, 2022 (90 days after the decision) to seek review of the decision by the U.S. Supreme Court. No request for a rehearing was filed, and no petition for a writ of certiorari was made to the Supreme Court.

In light of the 11th Circuit decision, we anticipate having the continued ability to market and sell the non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks, subject to FDA's enforcement discretion, for the duration of the PMTA scientific review. The FDA has indicated that it is prioritizing enforcement of unauthorized ENDS against companies (1) that never submitted PMTAs, (2) whose PMTAs have been refused acceptance or filing by the FDA, (3) whose PMTAs remain subject to MDOs, and (4) that are continuing to market unauthorized synthetic nicotine products after the July 13, 2022 cutoff. As none of these scenarios apply to Bidi, we believe the current risk of FDA enforcement is low.

Since the PMTA was remanded, Bidi has continued to update its application with the results of new studies, including a nationwide population prevalence study on the BIDI® Stick that is currently undergoing peer review for publication.

Separately, on or about May 13, 2022, FDA placed the tobacco-flavored Classic BIDI® Stick into the final Phase III scientific review, and in September 2022 completed a remote regulatory assessment of Bidi and its contract manufacturer in China, SMISS Technology Co. LTD, in relation to the pending PMTA for the Classic BIDI® Stick.

**Material Items, Trends and Risks Impacting Our Business**

We believe that the following items and trends may be useful in better understanding our results of operations.

***Dependence on Bidi and Nirajkumar Patel***

We are wholly dependent on Bidi to supply the BIDI® Sticks to us for distribution. Accordingly, any supply or other issues that impact Bidi, indirectly impact us and our ability to operate our business. Moreover, and while we are seeking to diversify our product offerings, the loss of our relationship with Bidi would substantially harm the viability of our business.

Bidi is controlled by Nirajkumar Patel, our Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and a director of the Company. Moreover, Kaival Holdings, an entity controlled by Mr. Patel, is our majority shareholder. In addition, our corporate headquarters is leased to us by an affiliate of Mr. Patel. Therefore, Mr. Patel has the power and ability to control or influence our business.

 ****

***Dependence on QuikfillRx, LLC and Distributors***

We are substantially dependent on QuikfillRx, LLC (d/b/a Kaival Marketing Services, or KMS) to provide key marketing, sales and other support services to us. In addition, we rely on third-party brokers and distributors to introduce and place our products into our historic foundation of convenience-stores and more recently into new retail channels, including dollar, grocery and mass-merchandisers. The loss of one or more of these key relationships would have a material adverse effect on our business.

***Nature of our Products and Regulation***

Competition in the market for e-cigarettes from illicit sources may have an adverse effect on our overall sales volume, restricting our ability to increase selling prices and damaging our brand equity and reputation. Illicit trade and tobacco trafficking in the form of counterfeit products, smuggled genuine products, and locally manufactured products on which applicable taxes or regulatory requirements are evaded, represent a significant and growing threat to the legitimate tobacco industry, including the products we sell.

Although we combat counterfeiting of our Products by engaging in certain tactics, such as requiring all sales force personnel to randomly collect our Products from retailers in order to be tested by our quality control team, maintaining a quality control group that is responsible for identifying counterfeit products and surveillance of retailers we suspect are selling counterfeit Products through our own secret shopper force, no assurance can be given that we will be able to detect or stop sales of all counterfeit products. In addition, while we may bring suits against retailers and distributors that sell certain counterfeit products, no assurance can be given that we will be successful in any such suits or that such suits will be successful in stopping other retailers or distributors from selling counterfeit products.

Our Products are regulated by the FDA, which has broad regulatory powers. The market for ENDS products is subject to a great deal of uncertainty and is still evolving. ENDS products, having recently been introduced to market over the past 10 to 15 years, are at a relatively early stage of development, and represent core components of a market that is evolving rapidly, highly regulated, and characterized by a number of market participants. Rapid growth in the use of, and interest in, ENDS products is recent, and may not continue on a lasting basis. The demand and market acceptance for these products is subject to a high level of uncertainty. Therefore, we are subject to all the business risks associated with a new enterprise in an evolving market.

Some of our Product offerings through Bidi are subject to developing and unpredictable regulation. Our Products are sold through our distribution network and may be subject to uncertain and evolving federal, state, and local regulations, including hemp, non-THC cannabidiol (CBD) and other non-tobacco consumable products. Enforcement initiatives by those authorities are therefore unpredictable and impossible to anticipate. We anticipate that all levels of government, which have not already done so, are likely to seek in some way to regulate these products, but the type, timing, and impact of such regulations remains uncertain. With respect to CBD in particular, on January 26, 2023, FDA announced that it would not initiate rulemaking to regulate CBD as a dietary food ingredient. Rather, after careful review, the FDA has concluded that a new regulatory pathway for CBD is needed and has further indicated that it is prepared to work with Congress to create a new regulatory pathway for CBD through legislation.

In addition to the de facto FDA flavor ban that has resulted from the denial of nearly all PMTAs for flavored ENDS, ENDS products that are non-tobacco flavored continue to face the threat of prohibition at the local level, as many state and local authorities and attorneys general push for bans or request the FDA to deny PMTAs for flavored ENDS. In addition, a number of states and localities have banned the sale of non-tobacco flavored tobacco products. Recently, for example, California passed Proposition 31, which prohibits the sale of non-tobacco flavored tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, in retail locations. Thus, the non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks are not permitted to be sold in California retail locations. We anticipate more states and localities will take this approach. Several other states have banned flavored ENDS, including New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, with several more considering similar bans (e.g., Maryland, and Connecticut).

***Inflation***

Consumer purchases of tobacco products are historically affected by economic conditions, such as changes in employment, salary and wage levels, the availability of consumer credit, inflation, interest rates, fuel prices, sales taxes, and the level of consumer confidence in prevailing and future economic conditions. The U.S. has been experiencing an environment of material inflation in recent quarters, and this condition may impact discretionary consumer purchases, such as the BIDI® Stick. Demand for our Products may also decline during recessionary periods or at other times when disposable income is lower, and taxes may be higher.

***Supply Chain***

The spread of COVID-19 throughout the world as well as increasing tensions with China over the past several years has created global economic uncertainty, which may cause partners, suppliers, and potential customers to closely monitor their costs and reduce activities. Any of the foregoing could materially adversely affect the supply chain for Bidi and our Products, and any supply chain distribution for the Products could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

**Corporate History**

We were incorporated on September 4, 2018, in the State of Delaware. Effective July 12, 2019, we changed our corporate name from Quick Start Holdings, Inc. to Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc. The name change was effected through a parent/subsidiary short-form merger of Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., our wholly-owned Delaware subsidiary formed solely for the purpose of the name change, with and into us. We were the surviving entity.

***Change of Control***

On February 6, 2019, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the "Share Purchase Agreement"), by and among us, GMRZ Holdings LLC, a Nevada limited liability company ("GMRZ"), our then-controlling stockholder, and Kaival Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("KH"), pursuant to which, on February 20, 2019, GMRZ sold 504,000,000 shares of our restricted common stock, representing approximately 88.06% of our then issued and outstanding shares of common stock, to KH, and KH paid GMRZ consideration in the amount set forth in the Share Purchase Agreement. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Share Purchase Agreement resulted in a change in control, with KH becoming our largest controlling stockholder. Nirajkumar Patel and Eric Mosser are the sole voting members of KH.

***Current Product Offerings***

 

Pursuant to the A&R Distribution Agreement, The Company sells and resells electronic nicotine delivery systems, which it may refer to herein as "ENDS Products", or "e-cigarettes", to non-retail level customers. The sole Product the Company resells is the "BIDI® Stick," a disposable, tamper-resistant ENDS product that comes in a variety of flavor options for adult cigarette smokers. The Company does not manufacture any of the Products it resells. The BIDI® Stick is manufactured by Bidi. Pursuant to the terms of the A&R Distribution Agreement, Bidi provides the Company with all branding, logos, and marketing materials to be utilized by the Company in connection with its marketing and promotion of the Products.

 ****

***Other Potential Product Offerings***

In addition to the BIDI® Stick, we anticipated launching distribution of the "BIDI® Pouch," initially outside of the United States. The initial planned February 2021 roll-out of the BIDI® Pouch was delayed due to COVID-19 based manufacturing and supply chain constraints. Due to these complications, and in an effort to prevent future bottlenecks, Bidi decided to move manufacturing in-house. In 2021, Bidi modified the planned formulation of the BIDI® Pouch. The original BIDI® Pouch formulation (which never came to market) intended to utilize a tobacco-free (synthetic) nicotine formulation, along with natural fibers and a chew-base filler in six different flavors. However, production of the BIDI® Pouch was placed on hold domestically due to concerns about the safety of synthetic nicotine and the likelihood of the FDA enforcement of synthetic nicotine products either as unapproved drugs or unauthorized tobacco products. Subsequently, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2022, signed by President Biden on March 15, 2022, amended the definition of a "tobacco product" in the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and gave the FDA authority to regulate products containing nicotine from any source, including synthetic nicotine. The legislation also gave manufacturers of synthetic nicotine products 60 days to prepare and submit PMTAs by May 14, 2022. Synthetic nicotine products subject to timely submitted PMTAs were allowed to remain on the market without the threat of enforcement for another 60 days, until July 13, 2022. After July 13, 2022, all synthetic nicotine products, regardless of PMTA status, are illegal and subject to FDA enforcement (unless the product has actually been authorized and is subject to a PMTA Marketing Grant Order).

Also, on July 14, 2021, we announced plans to launch its first Kaival-branded product, a hemp CBD vaping product. In addition to our branded formulation, we anticipate that we will also provide white label, wholesale solutions for other product manufacturers through its subsidiary, Kaival Labs. We have not yet launched any branded product, nor has have begun to provide white label wholesale solutions for other product manufacturers, but the diversification of the types of products we distribute is an important part of our growth strategy.

Assuming we launch a hemp CBD product, of which there can be no assurances, we intend that all CBD products will be produced and distributed strictly in compliance under the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (known as the 2018 Farm Bill), which defines hemp as the plant cannabis sativa and any part of the plant with a delta-9 THC concentration of not more than 0.3 percent by dry weight. According to the 2018 Farm Bill, hemp-derived products can be offered for retail sale in many forms: smoke, pouch, tinctures, topicals, capsules, vape oil and gummies/edibles. We plan to utilize Bidi's patented BIDI® Stick delivery mechanism in order to provide a similar, premium experience in the initial CBD product line. We expect our industrial-grade hemp CBD formula to provide greater bioavailability than many market peers, resulting in a better consumer experience in less usage. On January 26, 2023, FDA announced that it would not initiate rulemaking to regulate CBD as a dietary food ingredient. Rather, after careful review, the FDA has concluded that a new regulatory pathway for CBD is needed that balances individuals' desire for access to CBD products with the regulatory oversight needed to manage risks. FDA further indicated that it is prepared to work with Congress on this matter.

***PMI Licensing Agreement and International Distribution***

On June 13, 2022, we, through our wholly owned subsidiary, KBI, entered into the PMI License Agreement with PMPSA, a wholly owned affiliate of PMI, for the development and distribution of ENDS products in certain markets outside of the United States, subject to market (or regulatory assessment). The PMI License Agreement grants to PMPSA a license of certain intellectual property rights relating to Bidi's ENDS device, known as the BIDI® Stick in the United States, as well as potentially newly developed devices, to permit PMPSA to manufacture, promote, sell, and distribute such ENDS device and newly developed devices, in international markets, outside of the United States.

On July 25, 2022, we announced the launch of PMPSA's custom-branded self-contained e-vapor product, pursuant to the licensing agreement. The product, a self-contained e-vapor device, VEEBA, has been custom developed and is now being distributed in Canada. VEEBA was then commercially launched by PMPSA in Europe in February 2023 and we expect to generate royalty revenues pursuant to the licensing agreement beginning in our fiscal fourth quarter of 2023 (quarter ending October 31, 2023), with additional market launches planned this year.

**Going Concern**

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP applicable to a going concern, which contemplates realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business within one year after the date the consolidated financial statements are issued.

In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB"), Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-15, *Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern* (Subtopic 205-40), our management evaluates whether there are conditions or events, considered in aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As shown in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred significant recurring losses, which raises substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

In response to the above, our management assessed our plans to alleviate that doubt. We had positive working capital as of January 31, 2023, of $6,503,841. Management considered that the Company's losses were due to various factors such as: (i) uncertainty surrounding the PMTA process with FDA and (ii) the MDO that was issued to Bidi Vapor on its non-tobacco flavored ENDS products. However, the MDO was set aside and vacated by the 11<sup>th</sup> Circuit in August 2022, and the ability to appeal such decision has passed, thereby facilitating the continued sales of the non-tobacco flavored BIDI® Sticks for sale in the United States (pending FDA's review of the pending PMTAs and subject to FDA enforcement). Concurrently, the PMTA for the tobacco-flavored (Classic) BIDI® Sticks for sale in the United States continues to move through the PMTA scientific review phase (pending FDA's review of that PMTA). Management's assessment included the preparation of cash flow forecasts which considered increases in revenues considering the favorable ruling obtained on the MDO as disclosed above.

We believe that our available cash and the cash to be provided by future operating activities should enable the Company to meet its estimated liquidity needs for the next 12 months after the date that the financial statements included within this Report are issued. Because of the above factors, our management believe that this condition alleviates the substantial doubt in connection with our ability to continue as a going concern.

However, there is no assurance that the Company's plans will be able to generate expected or greater amounts of revenues or ever achieve profitability, due to the current economic climate in the United States and globally, the regulation and public perception of ENDS products and the various other risks faced by the Company. The consolidated financial statements included in this Report do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these or other risks or uncertainties.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

We believe we have sufficient cash on hand as of the date of this Report to support our operations for at least 12 months. As of January 31, 2023, we had working capital of approximately $6.6 million and total cash of approximately $3.8 million.

We intend to generally rely on cash from operations and equity and debt offerings to the extent necessary and available, to satisfy our liquidity needs. There are a number of factors that could result in the need to raise additional funds, including a decline in revenue or a lack of anticipated sales growth and increased costs. Our efforts are directed toward generating positive cash flow and, ultimately, profitability. If these efforts are not successful, we may need to raise additional capital. Should capital not be available to us at reasonable terms, other actions may become necessary in addition to cost control measures and continued efforts to increase sales. These actions may include exploring strategic options for the sale of the Company, the creation of joint ventures or strategic alliances under which we will pursue business opportunities, or other alternatives. We believe we have the financial resources to weather any short-term impacts of the FDA's PMTA process and Bidi's receipt of a MDO from the FDA, which has now been set aside and remanded by the 11th Circuit. At this time, we do not foresee the need for further strategic financing for the next twelve months, given the financing we completed in September 2021, as indicated below, and our continual sales efforts and results.

***Cash Flows:***

Cash flow provided by operations was approximately $0.1 million for the first three months of fiscal year 2023, compared to $2.1 million used in operations for the first three months of fiscal year 2022. The increase in cash flow provided by operations for the first three months of fiscal year 2023 compared to the first three months of fiscal 2022 was primarily due to changes in related party accounts payable, and income tax receivable.

The Company had cash flow used in investing activities of approximately $3,400 for the first three months of fiscal year 2023, compared to no cash flow used in investing activities for the first three months of fiscal year 2022. The cash used in investing activities for the first three months of fiscal year 2023 consisted of cash used for the purchase of warehouse equipment.

The Company had no net cash flow from financing activities for the first three months of fiscal year 2023, compared to cash flow used in financing activities of approximately $35,000 for the first three months of fiscal year 2022. The cash used in financing activities for the first three months of fiscal year of 2022 consisted of cash used for the settlement of RSUs issued to employees.

**Results of Operations**

**Three months ended January 31, 2023, compared to three months ended January 31, 2022**

***Revenues****:*

Revenues for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were approximately $2.5 million, compared to approximately $2.8 million in the same period of the prior fiscal year. Revenues decreased in the first quarter of 2023, primarily due to credits/discounts/rebates issued to customers. We do not anticipate this trend to continue as renewed distribution ramps up and sales of non-tobacco flavored BIDI<sup>®</sup> Sticks increase, and even more so now that the MDO has been vacated, which allows us to continue marketing and selling the Products, subject to the FDA's enforcement discretion.

***Cost of Revenue, Net and Gross Profit (Loss):***

Gross profit in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 was approximately $0.5 million, or approximately 21.4% of revenues, net, compared to approximately ($0.7) million gross loss or approximately (24.3%), of revenues, net, for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. Total cost of revenue, net was approximately $2.0 million, or approximately 78.6% of revenue, net for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, compared to approximately $3.5 million, or approximately 124.3% of revenue, net for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. The increase in gross profit is primarily driven by the improvement in overall unit pricing, being offset by the credits/discounts/rebates issued to customers, totaling approximately $0.7 million, during the first quarter of fiscal year 2023.

***Operating Expenses:***

Total operating expenses were approximately $3.5 million for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, compared to approximately $2.1 million for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. For the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, operating expenses consisted primarily of advertising and promotion fees of approximately $0.6 million, stock option expense of approximately $1.4 million, professional fees of approximately $0.6 million, and all other general and administrative expenses of approximately $0.9 million. General and administrative expenses in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 consisted primarily of salaries and wages, stock option expense, insurance, lease expense, project expenses, banking fees, business fees and state and franchise taxes. For the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, operating expenses were approximately $2.1 million, consisting primarily of advertising and promotion fees of approximately $0.6 million, stock option expense of 0.3 million, professional fees totaling approximately $0.5 million, and all other general and administrative expenses of approximately $0.7 million. General and administrative expenses consisted primarily of salaries and wages, insurance, banking fees, business fees, and other service fees. We expect future operating expenses to increase while we increase the footprint of our business and generate increased sales growth.

***Income Taxes:***

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, we did not accrue a tax provision for income taxes, due to the pre-tax loss of approximately ($3.1) million, similarly we did not accrue a tax provision for income taxes, due to the pre-tax loss of approximately ($2.8) million for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022.

***Net Loss:***

As a result of the items noted above, the net loss for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 was approximately $3.0 million, or $0.05 basic and diluted net loss per share, compared to a net loss of approximately $2.8 million, or $0.09 basic and diluted net loss per share, for the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. The increase in the net loss for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, as compared to the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, is primarily attributable to the decrease revenues and increase in customer credits/discounts/rebates, as noted above.

**Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

Other than the policy changes disclosed in Note 2, *Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies,* to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended January 31, 2023 from those disclosed in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of our 2022 Annual Report for the year ended October 31, 2022.

**Emerging Growth Company**

We are an "emerging growth company," that is exempt from certain financial disclosure and governance requirements for up to five years as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"). The JOBS Act eases restrictions on the sale of securities and increases the number of stockholders a company must have before becoming subject to the SEC's reporting and disclosure rules. We have not elected to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards under Section 102(b)(2) of the JOBS Act, that allows us to delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.

**Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.**

As a "smaller reporting company" as defined by Item 10 of Regulation S-K, the Company is not required to provide the information required by this Item.

**Item 4. Controls and Procedures.**

**Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitations, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of January 31, 2023, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on that evaluation, the President and Chief Operating Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that because of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of January 31, 2023. Some of those internal controls include multiple levels of review of the accounting and reporting procedures and processes, lack of proper segregation of duties, lack of sufficient and consistent real time remote communications, as well as certain accounting and reporting issues.

**Remediation of Material Weaknesses**

We are committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment and implementing measures designed to help ensure that all material weaknesses are remediated as soon as possible. Management will continue to work to improve its disclosure controls and procedures during fiscal 2023 with the goal of improvement in the effectiveness of its systems in our internal controls during the next 12 months. We intend to hire additional staff and to take such other actions as may be necessary to address its material weaknesses. The Company did add additional financial and accounting personnel during its fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, and as such, we believe we have made progress in the implementation of certain internal controls, such as multiple levels of review and analysis of the accounting and reporting procedures and processes, and of journal entries and general ledger account reconciliations.

**Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting**

Due to the identification of certain material weaknesses*,* we continue to work on strengthening our internal control structure. We made no other changes in internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during the quarter ended January 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

**PART II OTHER INFORMATION**

**Item 1. Legal Proceedings.**

There are no material pending legal proceedings as defined by Item 103 of Regulation S-K, to which we are a party or of which any of our property is the subject, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the Company's business.

**Item 1A. Risk Factors.**

Our business, operations, and financial condition are subject to various risks and uncertainties. The risk factors described in Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in the 2022 Annual Report, for the year ended October 31, 2022, should be carefully considered, together with the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report and in our other filings with the SEC in connection with evaluating us, our business, and the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report. During the quarter ended January 31, 2023, there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in the 2022 Annual Report, for the year ended October 31, 2022.

**Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.**

None.

**Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.**

None.

**Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.**

Not applicable.

**Item 5. Other Information.**

None.

**Item 6. Exhibits**

The following exhibits are filed herewith as a part of this Quarterly Report.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit Number** | **Description** |
| 31.1 | [Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934\*](e4478_ex31-1.htm) |
| 31.2 | [Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934\*](e4478_ex31-2.htm) |
| 32.1 | [Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code\*](e4478_ex32-1.htm) |
| 32.2 | [Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code\*](e4478_ex32-2.htm) |
| 33.1 | [Amendment to Interim Chief Financial Officer Services Agreement](e4478_ex33-1.htm) |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document\* |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document\* |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document\* |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document\* |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document\* |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document\* |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)\* |

---

(1) Schedules
 and Exhibits omitted pursuant to Item 601(b) (10) (iv) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally a copy
 of any omitted schedule to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request; *provided, however,* that the
 Company may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for
 any Schedule or Exhibit so furnished

\*filed herewith

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **KAIVAL BRANDS INNOVATIONS GROUP, INC.** | **KAIVAL BRANDS INNOVATIONS GROUP, INC.** |
| Date: March 17, 2023 | A | */s/ Eric Mosser* |
|  |  | Eric Mosser |
|  |  | President and Chief Operating Officer |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 17, 2023 | By: | */s/ Mark Thoenes* |
|  |  | Mark Thoenes |
|  |  | Interim Chief Financial Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

**Certification of Chief Executive Officer**

**Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934**

I, Eric Mosser, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 17, 2023 | By: | */s/ Eric Mosser* |
|  |  | Eric Mosser |
|  |  | President, and Chief Operating Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**Certification of Chief Financial Officer**

**Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934**

I, Mark Thoenes, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 17, 2023 | By: | */s/ Mark Thoenes* |
|  |  | Mark Thoenes |
|  |  | Interim Chief Financial Officer |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**Certification of Chief Executive Officer**

**Pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code**

1. The
 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2023 (the "Report")
 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
 amended; and

2. The
 information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations
 of the Company.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 17, 2023 | By: | */s/ Eric Mosser* |
|  |  | Eric Mosser |
|  |  | President and Chief Operating Officer |

---

The certifications set forth above are being furnished as an exhibit solely pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc. and will be retained by Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

## Exhibit 32.2

**Exhibit 32.2**

**Certification of Chief Financial Officer**

**Pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code**

1. The
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarterly period ended January 31, 2023 (the "Report") fully complies
with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. The
information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 17, 2023 | By: | */s/ Mark Thoenes* |
|  |  | Mark Thoenes |
|  |  | Interim Chief Financial Officer |

---

The certifications set forth above are being furnished as an exhibit solely pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc. and will be retained by Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

## Exhibit 33.1

**EXHIBIT 1**

![](image_001.gif)

**AMENDMENT TO**

**CONSULTING AGREEMENT**

This Amendment to Consulting Agreement ("**Amendment**") is entered into as of March 3, 2023 ("**Effective Date**") and is between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "**Company**") and Mark L. Thoenes/MLT Consulting Services, LLC (the "**Consultant**") (the Company and Consultant are each a "**Party**" and collectively the "**Parties**").

**R E C I T A L S**

WHEREAS, the Company and Consultant are parties to that certain Consulting Agreement dated June 14, 2021 (the "**Original Agreement**"); and

WHEREAS, the Parties desire to amend the Original Agreement as set forth in this Amendment.

Now, Therefore, in consideration of the promises and the mutual covenants contained herein, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, and with the intent to be legally bound hereby, the Company and Consultant agree as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. **Defined Terms**. Unless otherwise defined herein, all capitalized terms used in this Amendment have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Original Agreement, as amended hereby.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. **Amendment to Section 1(c)**. <u>Section 1(c)</u> of the Original Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

"The term of the consulting relationship under this Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and continue through June 30, 2023, unless the consulting relationship is sooner terminated in accordance with <u>Section 9(b)</u> below."

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. **Hourly Compensation**. The Parties agree that the hourly compensation shall remain at $150.00 per hour.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. **Additional Non-Qualified Stock Options**. The Parties agree that a new Section 3.1(e) shall be added to Exhibit A as follows:

"3.1(e) The Company shall grant to the Consultant Fifty Thousand (50,000) non- qualified stock options (the "**Additional NQSOs**") in the Company's common stock as of the Effective Date (the "**Amendment Effective Date**") pursuant to a Notice of Grant which shall be issued as of the Amendment Effective Date. The Parties further agree that the Additional NQSOs shall vest upon the earlier of: (a) June 30, 2023; (b) one (1) day after the Company files its 10-Q3; (c) if terminated by the Company for any reason other than a material breach by Consultant that remains uncured for five (5) business days after Company notifies Consultant of such breach; or (d) if Company undergoes a Change of Control.

For purposes of this Agreement, a Change of Control shall mean any of the following: (i) any sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company's assets or (ii) any merger, consolidation, equity exchange, reorganization, or other similar transaction or series of transactions of the Company in which Eric Mosser, Nirajkumar Patel, the family members of Nirajkumar Patel, the family members of Eric Mosser, trusts established for the primary benefit of Nirajkumar Patel, Eric Mosser, or their family members, or closely held business organizations organized, formed, or incorporated and that are owned by Nirajkumar Patel, Eric Mosser, the family members of Nirajkumar Patel, the family members of Eric Mosser, trusts established for the primary benefit of Nirajkumar Patel, Eric Mosser, or their family members (collectively, the "<u>Founders</u>") collectively own fifty percent (50%) or less of the voting power in the resulting entity immediately after such event, or (iii) any purchase or purchases by any person or persons of equity interests of the Company directly from one or more of the Founders, the effect of which is, following such purchase or purchasers, that the Founders collectively own fifty percent (50%) or less of the voting power in the Company. For the avoidance of doubt, a Change of Control shall not occur under clause (iii) above if the purchase of the equity interests arises out of or relate to a securities offering by the Company pursuant to which new capital is raised by the Company."

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. **Effect of this Amendment**. Except as expressly amended hereby, the Original Agreement, as amended, remains in full force and effect. In the event of a conflict or inconsistency between the Original Agreement and this Amendment, the terms of this Amendment shall control.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. **Execution in Counterparts**. This Amendment may be executed in counterparts, including electronically by DocuSign, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

**(SIGNATURES ON FOLLOWING PAGE)**

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and the Consultant have executed this Amendment as of the Effective Date written above.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.</u>** | **<u>Mark L. Thoenes/MLT Consulting Services, LLC</u>** |
| **<u>(Company)</u>** | **<u>(Consultant)</u>** |
| /s/ Eric Mosser | /s/ Mark Thoenes |
| Eric Mosser, President & COO | Mark Thoenes, President |

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