# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001334325
**File Stem:** 0001493152-26-028609
**Filing Date:** 2026-6
**Character Count:** 154653
**Document Hash:** f43a89c637b3dade11998e198619a92b
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001493152-26-028609.hdr.sgml**: 20260615

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001493152-26-028609

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 71

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20260430

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260615

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260615

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Coda Octopus Group, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001334325
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SEARCH, DETECTION, NAVIGATION, GUIDANCE, AERONAUTICAL SYS [3812]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 04 Manufacturing
- **EIN:** 342008348
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1031

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-38154
- **FILM NUMBER:** 261089013

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 3300 S HIAWASSEE RD.,
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 104-105
- **CITY:** ORLANDO
- **STATE:** FL
- **ZIP:** 32835
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 801-973-9136

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 3300 S HIAWASSEE RD.,
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 104-105
- **CITY:** ORLANDO
- **STATE:** FL
- **ZIP:** 32835

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended April 30, 2026

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ______________

*Commission File Number 001-38154*

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Delaware | 34-2008348 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of<br> Incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer<br> Identification Number) |
| 3300 S Hiawassee Rd, Suite 104-105,<br> Orlando, Florida | 32835 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
| Registrant's telephone number, including area code: | (407) 735 2406 |

---

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock | CODA | Nasdaq |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ <br> Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ <br> Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares outstanding of issuer's common stock, $0.001 par value as of June 15, 2026 is 11,280,754.

**INDEX**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | Page |
| **[PART I – Financial Information](#sh_001)** | 3 |
| **Item 1: Financial Statements** | 3 |
| [Consolidated Balance Sheets as of April 30, 2026 (Unaudited) and October 31, 2025 (Audited)](#sh_002) | 3 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended April 30, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited)](#sh_003) | 5 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended April 30, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited)](#sh_004) | 6 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended April 30, 2026 and 2025 (Unaudited)](#sh_005) | 7 |
| [Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements](#sh_006) | 8 |
| **[Item 2: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#sh_007)** | 24 |
| **[Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks](#sh_008)** | 40 |
| **[Item 4: Controls and Procedures](#sh_009)** | 40 |
| **[PART II – Other Information](#sh_010)** | 41 |
| **[Item 1: Legal Proceedings](#sh_011)** | 41 |
| **[Item 1A: Risk Factors](#sh_012)** | 41 |
| **[Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#sh_013)** | 41 |
| **[Item 3: Default Upon Senior Securities](#sh_014)** | 41 |
| **[Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures](#sh_015)** | 41 |
| **[Item 5: Other Information](#sh_016)** | 41 |
| **[Item 6: Exhibits](#sh_017)** | 42 |
| **[Signatures](#sh_018)** | 43 |

---

**PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

**Consolidated Balance Sheets**

**April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025 Audited**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2026** | **2025** |
|  | **Unaudited** | |
| **<u>ASSETS</u>** |  |  |
| CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and Cash Equivalents | $30624337 | $28682615 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts Receivable, net | 4945185 | 3732806 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventory | 13995256 | 13636512 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unbilled Receivables | 2384890 | 2988779 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid Expenses | 459270 | 434021 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other Current Assets | 533498 | 531469 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Current Assets | 52942436 | 50006202 |
| FIXED ASSETS |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Property and Equipment, net | 7441002 | 7295791 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right of Use Assets | 356447 | 372647 |
|  | 7797449 | 7668438 |
| OTHER ASSETS |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill | 3639334 | 3639334 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Intangible Assets, net | 2959561 | 3179588 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Other Assets | 6598895 | 6818922 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Assets | $67338780 | $64493562 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

**Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)**

**April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025 Audited**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2026** | **2025** |
|  | **Unaudited** | |
| **<u>LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY</u>** |  |  |
| CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts Payable | $1344276 | $1407439 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 38450 | 34862 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities | 1902774 | 2475952 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred Revenue | 1929476 | 1722796 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Current Liabilities | 5214976 | 5641049 |
| LONG TERM LIABILITIES |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred Tax Liability, net | 324958 | 317949 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-current operating lease liabilities, net | 346146 | 360070 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred Revenue, less current portion | 38468 | 59080 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Long Term Liabilities | 709572 | 737099 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Liabilities | 5924548 | 6378148 |
| Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
| STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common Stock, $.001 par value; 150,000,000 shares authorized, 11,287,248 issued and 11,276,152 outstanding as of April 30, 2026 and 11,280,368 shares issued and 11,270,575 outstanding as of October 31, 2025 | 11276 | 11271 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred Stock, $.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, zero issued and outstanding as of April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Treasury Stock 11,096 shares as of April 30, 2026 and 9,793 as of October 31, 2025 | (75602) | (61933) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional Paid-in Capital | 63334574 | 63321294 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | (1207988) | (1878657) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated Deficit | (648028) | (3276561) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Stockholders' Equity | 61414232 | 58115414 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $67338780 | $64493562 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

**Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended April 30,** | **Three Months Ended April 30,** | **Six Months Ended April 30,** | **Six Months Ended April 30,** |
|  | **2026** | **2025** | **2026** | **2025** |
| Net Revenues | $6904012 | $7017459 | $13614124 | $12227174 |
| Cost of Revenues | 2325963 | 2520178 | 4669041 | 4301423 |
| Gross Profit | 4578049 | 4497281 | 8945083 | 7925751 |
| OPERATING EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research & Development | 648304 | 689995 | 1254406 | 1233121 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling, General & Administrative | 2136769 | 2719602 | 4887631 | 4942924 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Operating Expenses | 2785073 | 3409597 | 6142037 | 6176045 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;INCOME FROM OPERATIONS | 1792976 | 1087684 | 2803046 | 1749706 |
| OTHER INCOME |  |  |  |  |
| Other Income | 168761 | 32332 | 173194 | 110999 |
| Interest Income | 171915 | 145594 | 344185 | 339765 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Other Income, net | 340676 | 177926 | 517379 | 450764 |
| INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE | 2133652 | 1265610 | 3320425 | 2200470 |
| INCOME TAX (EXPENSE) BENEFIT |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Current Tax (Expense) | (432203) | (374701) | (695419) | (423575) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred Tax (Expense) Benefit | (3639) | 17853 | 3527 | 44842 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Income Tax (Expense) | (435842) | (356848) | (691892) | (378733) |
| NET INCOME | $1697810 | $908762 | $2628533 | $1821737 |
| NET INCOME PER SHARE: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $0.15 | $0.08 | $0.23 | $0.16 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $0.15 | $0.08 | $0.23 | $0.16 |
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 11274961 | 11221080 | 11272732 | 11223528 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 11285808 | 11306828 | 11283579 | 11309276 |
| NET INCOME | $1697810 | $908762 | $2628533 | $1821737 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment | (441547) | 1800439 | 670669 | 771853 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | $(441547) | $1800439 | $670669 | $771853 |
| COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | $1256263 | $2709201 | $3299202 | $2593590 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

**Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity**

**For the Three Months and Six Months Ended April 30, 2026 and 2025**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Common Stock | Common Stock | | | | | |
|  | Shares | Amount | Additional<br>Paid-in<br>Capital | Other<br>Comprehensive<br>Income (Loss) |<br>Accumulated<br>Deficit |<br>Treasury<br>Stock |<br>Total |
| Balance, October 31, 2024 | 11195487 | $11195 | $63096583 | $(2510831) | $(7406491) | $(61933) | $53128523 |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  | 100145 |  |  |  | 100145 |
| Stock issued for options exercised and stock grants | 23317 | 24 | (24) |  |  |  |  |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  | (1028586) |  |  | (1028586) |
| Net Income | - | - | - | - | 912975 | - | 912975 |
| Balance, January 31, 2025 | 11218804 | $11219 | $63196704 | $(3539417) | $(6493516) | $(61933) | $53113057 |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  | 66239 |  |  |  | 66239 |
| Stock issued for options exercised and stock grants | 13710 | 14 | (14) |  |  |  |  |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  | 1800439 |  |  | 1800439 |
| Net Income | - | - | - | - | 908762 | - | 908762 |
| Balance, April 30, 2025 | 11232514 | $11233 | $63262929 | $(1738978) | $(5584754) | $(61933) | $55888497 |
| Balance, October 31, 2025 | 11270575 | $11271 | $63321294 | $(1878657) | $(3276561) | $(61933) | $58115414 |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  | 26989 |  |  |  | 26989 |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  | 1112216 |  |  | 1112216 |
| Net Income | - | - | - | - | 930723 | - | 930723 |
| Balance, January 31, 2026 | 11270575 | $11271 | $63348283 | $(766441) | $(2345838) | $(61933) | $60185342 |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  | (13704) |  |  |  | (13704) |
| Stock issued for options exercised and stock grants | 5577 | 5 | (5) |  |  |  |  |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  | (441547) |  |  | (441547) |
| Treasury Stock |  |  |  |  |  | (13669) | (13669) |
| Net Income | - | - | - | - | 1697810 | - | 1697810 |
| Balance, April 30, 2026 | 11276152 | $11276 | $63334574 | $(1207988) | $(648028) | $(75602) | $61414232 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

**Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended April 30,** | **Six Months Ended April 30,** |
|  | **2026** | **2025** |
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
| Net income | $2628533 | $1821737 |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  | . |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation of property and equipment | 418610 | 424738 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of intangible assets | 271309 | 244334 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 13285 | 166384 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred income taxes | (3527) | (44842) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on sale of asset | (133674) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Allowance for credit loss |  | (41255) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non cash Operating Lease Expense |  | 10590 |
| (Increase) decrease in operating assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net | (1133658) | (1058189) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventory | (59955) | 885016 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unbilled receivables | 619708 | (694186) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | (16872) | (278421) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other current assets | (933) | 447754 |
| Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and other current liabilities | (705119) | (368819) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue | 149577 | 589139 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net Cash provided by Operating Activities | 2047284 | 2103980 |
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of property and equipment | (203513) | (196342) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of other intangible assets | (37844) | (11784) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment | 148329 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net Cash used in Investing Activities | (93028) | (208126) |
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of treasury stock | (13669) | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net Cash used in Financing Activities | (13669) |  |
| EFFECT OF CURRENCY TRANSLATION ON CHANGES IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 1135 | 87375 |
| NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 1941722 | 1983229 |
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD | 28682615 | 22479072 |
| CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE PERIOD | $30624337 | $24462301 |
| SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for taxes | $1111793 | $188968 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**Note 1 – ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES**

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") for interim financial reporting. These consolidated financial statements are unaudited and, in our opinion, include all material adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments and accruals necessary for a fair presentation of our consolidated cash flows, operating results, and balance sheets for the periods presented. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for fiscal year 2026 due to seasonal, world events and other factors. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") have been omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission ("SEC"). These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes presented in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 29, 2026 and amended on Form 10-K/A as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2026.

*Principles of Consolidation*

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Coda Octopus Group, Inc. and its wholly owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries ("Group"). All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

*Use of Estimates*

The preparation of the unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, income taxes, useful lives of equipment, valuation of acquired intangibles and goodwill, stock-based compensation forfeiture rates, inventory valuation, collectability of receivables, impairment of property and equipment and operating leases. The accounting estimates and assumptions that require management's most significant, challenging, and subjective judgment include estimates related to the percentage of completion method used to account for contracts including costs and earnings in excess of billings, billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings. Differences in these estimates could be material. Actual results realized by the Company may differ from management's estimates.

**Note 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION**

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Topic 606, *Revenue from Contracts with Customers* ("Topic 606").

Topic 606 has established a five-step process to determine the amount of revenue to record from contracts with customers. The five steps are:

● Identify the contract with the customer;

● Identify the performance obligations in the contract with customer;

● Determine the transaction price;

● Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations; and

● Recognize revenue when (or as) a performance obligation is satisfied.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**Note 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION (Continued)**

We have three business segments:

● Marine Technology Business

● Acoustics Sensors and Materials Business; and

● Defense Engineering Services Business

*Marine Technology Business ("Products Business")*

The Products Business segment earns revenue under written contracts with its customers. Revenue in this segment is generated through the following activities:

● **Product Sales** Outright sale of underwater solutions, including real-time 3D imaging sonars, diving equipment, inertial navigation measurement systems, geophysical data-acquisition systems, and proprietary software solutions.

● **Equipment Rental:** Rental of underwater equipment, including hardware and software, for customer-specific operational requirements.

● **Field Installation and Support Services** On-site installation, commissioning, and related support services associated with the deployment and operation of the Company's real time 3D imaging sonar.

● **Technical Support Services** Provision of technical assistance, troubleshooting, and operational support in accordance with customer agreements.

● **Customization Services** Development and delivery of customized technology solutions tailored from our existing technologies to customer-defined specifications.

● **Warranty and Through-Life Support (TLS)** Warranty coverage provided under contractual terms, along with through-life support services for products in service.

All products and services are sold on a stand-alone basis and those market prices are evidence of the value of these products and services. Revenue derived from outright sale is recognized when its performance obligations are met. This is typically upon delivery and passing of risks in the goods in accordance with the contract terms. For rentals we supply our rental equipment on a door-to-door basis and the rental period typically commences when the equipment is under the control of the customer and revenue derived from these contracts is recognized on a daily basis during the rental period. Revenue derived from services is recognized when our performance obligations are met under the terms of the contract. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we recognize product revenue by allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis and recognize revenue when performance obligations are met. Software license sales for which any services rendered are not considered distinct to the functionality of the software, we recognize revenue upon delivery of the software by the provision of the software installers and activation codes to the software.

Our contracts sometimes require customer payments in advance of revenue recognition. These are recognized as revenue when we have fulfilled our obligations under the respective contracts. Until our performance obligations are met, we recognize these prepayments as deferred revenue.

Our contracts do not give the customer the right of return. Where there are contractual failures giving rise to post-sale obligations these are addressed under our warranty or through life support provisions. The Company calculates its warranty expense provision based on its historical warranty experience and adjustments are made periodically to reflect actual warranty expenses.

*Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL")*

PAL Business segment earns revenue under written contracts with its customers. Revenue in this segment is generated through the following activities:

● **Product Sales** Outright sale of sensors and related materials, including hydrophones, acoustic test environments, and associated software solutions.

● **Calibration Services** Provision of calibration and verification services for customer equipment in accordance with applicable technical standards.

● **Consultancy and Customization Services** Delivery of consultancy services and customized technology solutions tailored to customer-specific requirements.

● **Warranty Coverage** Warranty support provided under contractual terms for products and services delivered to customers.

All products and services are sold on a stand-alone basis, and those market prices are evidence of the value of these products and services. Revenue derived from outright sale is recognized when its performance obligations are met. This is typically upon delivery and passing of risks in accordance with the contract terms. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we recognize product revenue by allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis and recognize revenue when performance obligations are met. Software license sales for which any services rendered are not considered distinct to the functionality of the software, we recognize revenue upon delivery of the software by the provision of the software installers and activation codes to the software.

Our contracts sometimes require customer payments in advance of revenue recognition. These are recognized as revenue when we have fulfilled our obligations under the respective contracts. Until our performance obligations are met, we recognize these prepayments as deferred revenue.

Our contracts do not give the customer the right of return. Where there are contractual failures giving rise to post-sale obligations these are addressed under our warranty or through life support provisions. The Company calculates its warranty expense provision based on its historical warranty experience and adjustments are made periodically to reflect actual warranty expenses.

*Defense Engineering Services Business ("Engineering Business")*

The Engineering Business segment generates revenue pursuant to written contracts with its customers, who are primarily Prime Defense Contractors ("DoD Contractors"). Revenue in this segment is derived from the following activities:

● **Engineering Services** The segment provides engineering services that support customer-led defense programs. These services generally include the development of design concepts, design and fabrication of prototypes, limited-quantity production of approved designs, and program-lifecycle support activities such as obsolescence management.

● **Proprietary Product Sales** The segment manufactures and supplies various proprietary products, including Thermite® and FireSafe®, for use in defense and related applications.

● **Warranty Obligations** The segment provides warranty coverage in accordance with contractual terms for products and services delivered to customers.

● **Post-Sale Service and Repair** The segment perform post-delivery services, including maintenance, repair, and other support activities, as required under customer agreements.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**Note 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION (Continued)**

With respect to revenues related to our Defense Engineering Services Business, there are contracts in place that specify the fixed hourly rate and other reimbursable costs to be billed based on material and direct labor hours incurred and revenue is recognized on these contracts based on material costs and the direct labor hours incurred. Revenues from fixed-price contracts are recognized on the percentage of completion method, measured by the percentage of costs incurred to date (materials and direct labor hours) against the estimated total cost (materials and direct labor hours) for each contract. This method is used as we consider expenditures for direct materials and labor hours to be the best available measure of progress on these contracts.

On a quarterly basis, we examine all our fixed-price contracts to determine if there are any losses to be recognized during the period. Any such loss is recorded in the quarter in which the loss first becomes apparent based upon costs incurred to date and the estimated costs to complete as determined by experience from similar contracts. Variations from estimated contract performance could result in adjustments to our operating results.

For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we recognize product revenue by allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price basis and recognize revenue when performance obligations are met.

*Recoverability of Deferred Costs*

In accordance with Topic 606, we defer costs on projects for service revenue. Deferred costs consist primarily of incremental direct costs to customize and install systems, as defined in individual customer contracts, including costs to acquire hardware and software from third parties and payroll costs for our employees and other third parties. The pricing of these service contracts is intended to provide for the recovery of these types of deferred costs over the life of the contract.

We recognize such costs in accordance with our revenue recognition policy by contract. For revenue recognized under the percentage of completion method, costs are recognized as products are delivered or services are provided in accordance with the percentage of completion calculation. For revenue recognized over time, costs are recognized ratably over the term of the contract, commencing on the date of revenue recognition. At each quarterly balance sheet date, we review deferred costs, to ensure they are ultimately recoverable.

Any anticipated losses on uncompleted contracts are recognized when evidence indicates the estimated total cost of a contract exceeds its estimated total revenue.

*Other Revenue Disclosures*

See Notes 15 and 16 – Segment Analysis and Disaggregation of Revenue. These Notes, respectively, provide disclosure of our revenue by segment; revenues from external customers and cost of those revenues; and the split of revenue by geography including within and outside the USA.

**Note 3 – COST OF REVENUES**

Our cost of revenues includes the cost of raw materials and other direct costs associated with the production of our products and services. For sales made through the Company's sales-agent distribution network, commission costs related to the specific transaction are included in cost of revenues. Participation in certain Requests for Proposals ("RFPs") requires the use of these agents, and the related commissions are therefore considered directly attributable to the associated sales. All other sales-related expenses, including costs incurred in connection with unsuccessful bids, are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses. As a component of the cost of revenues, commission costs incurred in the three month period ended April 30, 2026, and 2025 were $179,074 and $390,384, respectively. Commission costs in the six month period ended April 30, 2026, and 2025 were $480,512 and $635,893, respectively.

**Note 4 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS**

The Company's financial instruments include cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses. The carrying amounts of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

**Note 5 – FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION**

Assets and liabilities are translated at the prevailing exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. Related revenues and expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates in effect during the period presented. Stockholders' equity is recorded at the historical exchange rates. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component in stockholders' equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income or (loss) as may be appropriate. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**Note 6 – OPERATING LEASES**

We are contractually bound by a non-cancellable operating lease relating to our operating segment, PAL. Lease costs recognized in our consolidated financial statements are summarized as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | April 30,<br>2026 | October 31,<br>2025 |
| Lease Liability | $384596 | $394932 |
| Future minimum lease payments | $494831 | 518953 |
| Remaining life of the lease in years (Expires March 31, 2033) | 6.92 | 7.42 |
| Discount Rate | 6.75% | 6.75% |

---

Estimated future minimum lease payments and imputed interest as of April 30, 2026, are as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Years | Total |
| 2026 (remaining 6 months) | $32644 |
| 2027 | 66431 |
| 2028 | 68424 |
| 2029 | 70477 |
| 2030 | 72591 |
| Thereafter | 184264 |
| Total Future minimum lease payments | 494831 |
| Imputed Interest | (110235) |
| Total | $384596 |

---

**Note 7 – COMPOSITION OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL STATEMENT CAPTIONS**

Certified Deposit Interest Bearing Accounts for the period ended April 30, 2026, and 2025:

The Company has certified deposit interest-bearing accounts with its current bankers HSBC NA. These interest-bearing accounts are for fixed and rolling short-term periods not exceeding 3 months and are classified in our financial statements as "cash equivalent". In addition, we have an interest-bearing deposit account with HSBC UK which has no access restrictions and tracks at 0.25% discount to the Bank of England base rate, which on April 30, 2026, had a rate of 3.75%. The table below indicates the interest income received and amounts which are held in certified deposit and unrestricted interest-bearing accounts as of April 30, 2026, and 2025, and interest earned for the respective six month periods then ending:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Deposit | Interest | Deposit | Interest |
|  | April 30, | April 30, | April 30, | April 30, |
| Country | 2026 | 2026 | 2025 | 2025 |
| USA | $19694650 | $260699 | $15395657 | $289768 |
| UK | 5825917 | 56468 | 2227269 | 36864 |
| Denmark | - | 27018 | - | 13133 |
|  | $25520567 | $344185 | $17622926 | $339765 |

---

Inventory consisted of the following as of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | April 30,<br>2026 | October 31,<br>2025 |
| Raw materials and parts | $10953337 | $10622753 |
| Work in progress | 605751 | 565147 |
| Finished goods | 2436168 | 2448612 |
| Total Inventory | $13995256 | $13636512 |

---

Other current assets consisted of the following as of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | April 30,<br>2026 | October 31,<br>2025 |
| Deposits and other assets | $68219 | $59715 |
| Corporation Tax Prepaid | 149629 |  |
| Employee Retention Credit Receivables | 212300 | 212300 |
| Other Foreign Tax Receivables | 103350 | 259454 |
| Total Other Current Assets | $533498 | $531469 |

---

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**Note 7 – COMPOSITION OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL STATEMENT CAPTIONS (Continued)**

Fixed Assets consisted of the following as of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | April 30,<br>2026 | October 31,<br>2025 |
| Buildings | $6087237 | $5979758 |
| Land | 200000 | 200000 |
| Office machinery and equipment | 2306771 | 2194151 |
| Software | 378333 | 364923 |
| Rental assets | 3156454 | 2874192 |
| Furniture, fixtures and improvements | 1670038 | 1611168 |
| Totals | 13798833 | 13224192 |
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (6357831) | (5928401) |
| Total Property and Equipment, net | 7441002 | 7295791 |
| Right of use assets, net | 356447 | 372647 |
| Total Fixed Assets, net | $7797449 | $7668438 |

---

Depreciation expense for the three months ended April 30, 2026, and 2025 was $202,184 and $219,092, respectively, and for the six months ended April 30, 2026, and 2025 was $418,610 and $424,738, respectively.

Property and equipment, net, by geographic areas were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | April 30,<br>2026 | October 31,<br>2025 |
| USA | $2013073 | $1990372 |
| Europe | 5427929 | 5305419 |
| Total Property and Equipment, net | $7441002 | $7295791 |

---

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities consisted of the following as of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | April 30,<br>2026 | October 31,<br>2025 |
| Accruals | $464517 | $759323 |
| Other Tax Payables | 1379893 | 1664590 |
| Employee Related | 58364 | 52039 |
| Total Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities | $1902774 | $2475952 |

---

Total Other Income, consisted of the following:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Three Months<br>Ended<br>April 30,<br>2026 | Three Months<br>Ended<br>April 30,<br>2025 | Six Months<br>Ended<br>April 30,<br>2026 | Six Months<br>Ended<br>April 30,<br>2025 |
| Grant Income | $29601 | $27365 | $29604 | $100186 |
| Gain on sale of asset | 133674 |  | 133674 | - |
| Other | 5486 | 4967 | 9916 | 10813 |
| Total Other Income | $168761 | $32332 | $173194 | $110999 |
| Interest Received | 171915 | 145594 | 344185 | 339765 |
| Total Other Income, net | $340676 | $177926 | $517379 | $450764 |

---

**Note 8 – CONTRACTS IN PROGRESS**

Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts represent accumulated project expenses and fees which have not been invoiced to customers as of the balance sheet date. These amounts are stated on the consolidated balance sheets as Unbilled Receivables and as of April 30, 2026, and October 31, 2025, these were $2,384,890 and $2,988,779, respectively.

Deferred Revenue as of April 30, 2026, and October 31, 2025, was $1,967,944 and $1,781,876, respectively, and consist of billings in excess of costs and payments received for future obligations such as supply of products or services, or warranty and/or Through Life Support ("TLS") obligations undertaken as part of our contracts.

Sales of equipment include a provision for warranty obligations or TLS services. The contractual components relating to warranty and TLS are treated as deferred revenue over the corresponding period of the Company's obligations under these deferred arrangements and are amortized over the relevant obligation period (12 months is our standard warranty contract obligation or for TLS this may be 24, 36 or 60 months, depending on the contract) from the date of delivery under our contracts.

Deferred Revenue ("Current") includes invoices paid by our customers in advance of delivery of products or services contracted, including technical support services to be delivered within twelve months, provision for warranty obligations which may arise in the twelve month period or the current portion of TLS obligations. Deferred Revenue was $1,929,476 and $1,722,796 as of April 30, 2026, and October 31, 2025, respectively.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**NOTE 8 – CONTRACTS IN PROGRESS (Continued)**

Deferred Revenue ("Current") consisted of the following as of April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | April 30,<br>2026 | October 31,<br>2025 |
| Deferred Revenue | $1313405 | $1074488 |
| Customer Technical Support Obligations | 224613 | 308683 |
| Product Warranty | 391458 | 339625 |
| Total Deferred Revenues ("Current") | $1929476 | $1722796 |

---

Deferred Revenue ("Non-Current") includes customer prepaid TLS services for future performance which extend beyond 12 months from the date of the balance sheet date. Deferred Revenue ("Non-Current") was $38,468 and $59,080 as of April 30, 2026, and October 31, 2025, respectively.

**Note 9 – ACQUISITIONS**

We have contingent obligations pertaining to a three-year earn out period relating to our acquisition of PAL that provides for certain payments to be made subject to meeting the defined revenue and pre-income targets ("Earn Outs"). These Earn Out Periods are referred to hereinafter as Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3. Year 1 Earn Out period expired in October 2025.

Year 1 Earn Out targets were achieved by PAL. Accordingly, we recorded $213,343 as Earn Out expenses in our audited consolidated financial statements for year ended October 31, 2025. In accordance with the terms of the acquisition agreement this amount was paid to the sellers following the filing of our consolidated audited financial statements with the SEC on Form 10-K on January 29, 2026.

The potential remaining Earn Out amounts for Year 2 and Year 3, as of April 30, 2026, are shown in the table below applying an exchange rate (from British Pound to USD) of $1.278973:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Earn Out | 2026 FY | 2027 FY |
| Revenue Target | $5867914 | $6454962 |
| Pre-Tax Profit Target | $1295597 | $1573133 |
| Earn Out Payable if Target is achieved | $418223 | $652275 |

---

No provision has been made for the Year 2 Earn Out Liability in our financial statements as at April 30, 2026, as the determination of the likelihood of this being earned will be made when more financial information is available. We will expense any future Earn Out payments if it becomes probable that the qualifying conditions for those Earn Out payments will be achieved.

**Note 10– CONCENTRATIONS**

Significant Customers

During the three months ended April 30, 2026, the Company had no customers from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues.

During the three months ended April 30, 2025, the Company had three customers from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net revenues. Revenue from these customers was $3,100,347, or 44.2% of our net consolidated revenues during the three months ended April 30, 2025. Receivables from these customers were $954,526, or 20.2% of net receivables as of April 30, 2025.

During the six months ended April 30, 2026, the Company had one customer from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net consolidated revenues. Revenue from this customer was $1,385,987, or 10.2% of net consolidated revenues during the six months ended April 30, 2026. Receivables from this customer were $110,925 or 2.2% of net receivables as of April 30, 2026.

During the six months ended April 30, 2025, the Company had three customers from whom it generated sales greater than 10% of net consolidated revenues. Revenue from these customers was $4,178,358, or 34.2% of net consolidated revenues during the six months ended April 30, 2025. Receivables from these customers were $1,262,752 or 26.8% of net receivables as of April 30, 2025.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**Note 11 – RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS**

On October 27, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU 2023-07 affects how we report segment information, starting with our Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2025 and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q starting with our quarterly report for the quarter ended January 31, 2026. The ASU requires that we provide disclosures of significant segment expenses and other segment items that are regularly provided to our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("the CODM") and included in each reported measure of segment profit or loss. We are required to disclose other segment items by reportable segment (i.e., the difference between reported segment revenue less the significant segment expenses (which are disclosed), less reported segment profit or loss). We adopted ASU 2023-07 standard on the effective date and our segment reporting is in accordance with this new standard on Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2024-03 entitled Income Statement–Reporting Comprehensive Income–Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expense (ASU 2024-03). The FASB issued ASU 2024-03 to improve the disclosure about a public business entity's expense and to address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization and depletion) included in commonly presented expense captions (such as cost of revenues, SG&A and research and development. This is a disclosure-only standard, and the Company expects to adopt ASU 2024-03 on November 1, 2026, and include the interim disclosures beginning with our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31, 2027.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09 entitled Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Essentially ASU 2023-09 requires significantly more granularity regarding the items that impact the determination and disclosure of the effective income tax rate. The effective income tax rate reconciliation will be broken down into nine tax categories, as applicable and requires a lower materiality threshold related to income tax disclosures. This disclosure standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, which means that the Company will adopt this standard effective November 1, 2026. The Company has all the information available to make these disclosures and is reviewing the best way to present the information in accordance with ASU 2023-09.

In March 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-02, Liabilities (Topic 405): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 122. Certain Securities and Exchange Commission rules are included in the FASB's Accounting Standards Codification. ASU 2025-02 incorporates those amendments into the Accounting Standards Codification. This ASU doesn't change any GAAP, and the Company is already subject to all the SEC's rules and regulations, so ASU 2025-02 will not have any effect on the Company.

In November 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-05, Financial Instruments–Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. There are two amendments in ASU 2025-05, only one of which relates to public companies. That amendment permits a company to assume that the economic conditions at the time of a sale that is recorded in current accounts receivable and any related contract assets are reflective of future economic conditions, such that an entity does not need to consider future economic changes in its determination of its allowance for credit losses. The amendments in ASU 2025-05 will be effective for public companies for annual reporting periods after beginning after December 15, 2025. The Company will adopt ASU 2025-05 on its effective date.

In December 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities. The amendments in ASU 2025-10 address when it is appropriate to recognize a government grant and how to account for that government grant. In accordance with ASU 2025-10, government grants will be realized ratably over the life of an asset or as deferred income if the government grant relates to amounts that offset an entity's operating costs. The accounting in ASU 2025-10 is not applicable to transactions within the scope of Topic 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, below-market interest rate loans and government guarantees. The amendments are effective for public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028, and early adoption is permitted. The Company receives government grants from time to time and will implement the standard on its effective date.

In December 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements. The amendments in ASUY 2025-11 are more organizational in nature in that they are consolidating the interim reporting requirements in other Accounting Standards Codification topics to make Topic 270 more understandable and easier to use and they have added one additional disclosure principle that requires entities to disclose events since the end of the last annual reporting period that have a material impact on the entity. The amendments are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and early adoption is permitted. The amendments in ASU 2025-11 can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company will comply with the amendments in this standard beginning on the effective date.

In December 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-12 entitled Codification Improvements. ASU 2025-12 is the latest in a series of updates that the FASB makes to the existing GAAP literature to amend or supplement that literature related to minor changes and corrections that have identified and made amendments to 33 Accounting Standard Codification topics. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods that begin after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Based on the Company's review of ASU 2025-12, it is not expected that any of the amendments will have any effect on the Company's financial statements.

**Note 12 – GOODWILL AND IDENTIFIED INTANGIBLE ASSETS**

Intangibles consisted of the following as of:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | April 30, 2026 | April 30, 2026 | April 30, 2026 | October 31, 2025 | October 31, 2025 | October 31, 2025 |
| Finite-lived | Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| intangible | Life | Gross | Accumulated |  | Gross | Accumulated |  |
| assets | (Years) | Asset | Amortization | Net | Asset | Amortization | Net |
| Customer Relationships | 10 | $- | $- | $- | $919503 | $(919503) | $- |
| Non Compete Agreements | 4 | 224637 | (84239) | 140398 | 423548 | (255744) | 167804 |
| Value of Technology | 7 | 2947155 | (631533) | 2315622 | 2947155 | (426070) | 2521085 |
| Patents | 10 | 883750 | (380209) | 503541 | 845906 | (355207) | 490699 |
| Total intangible assets |  | $4055542 | $(1095981) | $2959561 | $5136112 | $(1956524) | $3179588 |

---

Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended April 30, 2026 and 2025 was $134,697 and $116,575, respectively, and for the six months ended April 30, 2026 and 2025 was $271,309 and $244,334, respectively.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**Note 12 – GOODWILL AND IDENTIFIED INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)**

Goodwill consisted of the following as of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | April 30,<br>2026 | October 31,<br>2025 |
| \*Coda Octopus Engineering, Inc. | $2038669 | $2038669 |
| Coda Octopus Products Ltd. | 62315 | 62315 |
| Coda Octopus Martech Ltd. | 1281124 | 1281124 |
| Precision Acoustics Ltd. | 257226 | 257226 |
| Goodwill | $3639334 | $3639334 |

---

\* This business unit changed its name from Coda Octopus Colmek, Inc. with effect from March 17, 2025.

**Note 13– EARNINGS PER SHARE**

Basic earnings per share are calculated using our weighted-average outstanding common shares. Diluted earnings per share (reflecting the effect of all potentially dilutive securities – which are principally stock options and restricted stock grants) are calculated using our weighted-average outstanding common shares including the dilutive effect of stock awards as determined under the treasury stock method.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Three Months | Three Months | Six Months | Six Months |
|  | Ended | Ended | Ended | Ended |
|  | April 30, | April 30, | April 30, | April 30, |
| Fiscal Period | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 |
| Numerator: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net Income | $1697810 | $908762 | $2628533 | $1821737 |
| Denominator: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic weighted average common shares outstanding | 11274961 | 11221080 | 11272732 | 11223528 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unexercised portion of options and restricted stock awards | 10847 | 85748 | 10847 | 85748 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted outstanding shares | 11285808 | 11306828 | 11283579 | 11309276 |
| Net income per share |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $0.15 | $0.08 | $0.23 | $0.16 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $0.15 | $0.08 | $0.23 | $0.16 |

---

**Note 14 – 2017 AND 2021 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS**

**2017 and 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (together "SIPs")**

On December 6, 2017, the Board of Directors adopted the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2017 Plan"). The purpose of the Plan is to advance the interests of the Company and its stockholders by enabling the Company and its subsidiaries to attract and retain qualified individuals through opportunities for equity participation in the Company, and to reward those individuals who contribute to the Company's achievement of its economic objectives. The 2017 Plan was adopted subject to Stockholders' approval and was approved by Stockholders at the Company's Annual General Meeting held on July 24, 2018, and provides for a maximum of 913,612 to be issued under this 2017 Plan. On July 12, 2021, a second plan was adopted by the Board of Directors ("2021 Plan"). The 2021 Plan is identical to the 2017 Plan in all material respects except that the maximum number of shares allocated for issuance is 1,000,000.

The shares allocated for issuance under the SIPs may, at the election of the Compensation Committee, be either treasury shares or shares authorized but unissued, and, if treasury shares are used, all references in the SIPs to the issuance of shares will, for corporate law purposes, be deemed to mean the transfer of shares from treasury.

During the three months ended April 30, 2026, no new stock awards were granted, and no stock options were exercised. A total of 6,880 restricted stock awards that matured in the first quarter of fiscal 2026 were settled, resulting in the issuance of 5,577 shares of common stock and 1,303 shares of treasury stock. In addition, 2,500 restricted stock awards were cancelled. A further 5,847 restricted stock awards matured during the Current Quarter but remain unissued.

During the six months ended April 30, 2026, no new stock awards were granted, and no stock options were exercised. In total, 5,577 shares of common stock were issued and 1,303 shares of treasury stock were created in connection with restricted stock award settlements, and 2,500 restricted stock awards were cancelled. An additional 5,847 restricted stock awards matured during the quarter ended April 30, 2026 but were not issued.

As of April 30, 2026, there were 1,410,611 shares available for future issuance under the SIPs.

During the three month periods ended April 30, 2026, and 2025, we recorded a stock compensation benefit of $13,704 in 2026, primarily due to the cancellation of a restricted stock award, and stock compensation expense of $66,239 in 2025. During the six month periods ended April 30, 2026, and 2025, stock compensation expense totaled $13,285 and $166,384, respectively.

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**Note 15 – SEGMENT ANALYSIS**

We operate three reportable segments, "Marine Technology Business", "Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business", and the "Defense Engineering Services Business" (together the "Business Segments").

These Business Segments are managed separately based upon fundamental differences in their operations, market segments and resource allocation. Segment operating income is total segment revenue reduced by cost of revenues and operating expenses, R&D and SG&A identifiable with the reporting business segment. Corporate expenses include general corporate administrative costs.

Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) is our Chief Executive Officer. The CODM evaluates the operating results and performance of all Business Segments using GAAP reporting for revenue, expenses, and net income by segment. This financial information is used to assess operating trends, perform analytical comparisons, benchmark performance between periods and across geographic regions, make investment decisions, and monitor budget-to- actual performance on a monthly, quarterly and annual basis.

The net revenues shown in this Note 15 in the tables below comprise sales that have been made externally. Inter-company sales between our reportable segments are eliminated from our consolidated income statement. For segment reporting purposes, we have, however, included in the Supplemental Disclosures below information on inter-company sales in the reporting period. Inter-company sales are not included in our consolidated net revenues reported.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● *Marine Technology Business ("Products")*

The Marine Technology Business constitutes our core business in the Group and receives most of our resource allocation. It is a supplier of various underwater technologies, including new generation real time 3D imaging sensors and augmented reality diving technologies to the subsea market.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● *Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL")*

PAL is a supplier of acoustic sensors, acoustics tests environments, and acoustics materials. PAL's sensors are primarily used for precision ultrasonic measurement, serving a broad range of markets including medical, subsea, defense, universities, and research and development institutes.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● *Defense Engineering Services Business ("Services")*

The Defense Engineering Services Business consists of two discrete business operations – one U.S.- based and the other U.K.- based. They operate primarily as subcontractors to prime defense contractors providing engineering services and supplying proprietary sub-assemblies that typically form part of larger mission critical defense systems.

The following tables summarize segment asset and operating balances by reportable segment for the three and six months ended April 30, 2026, and 2025, respectively.

The Company's reportable business segments sell their goods and services in four geographic locations:

● Americas

● Europe

● Australia/Asia

● Middle East/Africa

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**NOTE 15 - SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Marine Technology Business ("Products") | Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL") | Defense Engineering Services Business ("Services") | Corporate | Total |
| **Three Months Ended April 30, 2026** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Revenues | $2839592 | $1525824 | $2538596 | $- | $6904012 |
| Cost of Revenues | 654497 | 706200 | 965266 | - | 2325963 |
| **Gross Profit** | 2185095 | 819624 | 1573330 |  | 4578049 |
| Research & Development | 456067 | 110567 | 81670 |  | 648304 |
| Selling, General & Administrative | 785292 | 429144 | 546478 | 375855 | 2136769 |
| **Total Operating Expenses** | 1241359 | 539711 | 628148 | 375855 | 2785073 |
| **Income (Loss) from Operations** | 943736 | 279913 | 945182 | (375855) | 1792976 |
| **Other Income** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other Income | 139160 | 29601 |  |  | 168761 |
| Interest Income | 133657 | 891 | 32205 | 5162 | 171915 |
| **Total Other Income, net** | 272817 | 30492 | 32205 | 5162 | 340676 |
| Income (Loss) before Income Taxes | 1216553 | 310405 | 977387 | (370693) | 2133652 |
| **Income Tax (Expense) Benefit** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Current Tax Benefit (Expense) | 39814 | (123260) | (148826) | (199931) | (432203) |
| Deferred Tax (Expense) | - | - | - | (3639) | (3639) |
| **Total Income Tax Benefit (Expense)** | 39814 | (123260) | (148826) | (203570) | (435842) |
| **Net Income (Loss)** | $1256367 | $187145 | $828561 | $(574263) | $1697810 |
| **Supplemental Disclosures** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Assets | $39029688 | $7862369 | $16054543 | $4392180 | $67338780 |
| Total Liabilities | $2248580 | $1884988 | $1686912 | $104068 | $5924548 |
| Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales above | $992105 | $9175 | $41173 | $775000 | $1817453 |
| Depreciation and Amortization | $136594 | $182744 | $18311 | $12021 | $349670 |
| Purchases of Long-lived Assets | $30427 | $32542 | $14957 | $43339 | $121265 |

---

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**NOTE 15 – SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Marine Technology Business ("Products") | Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL") | Defense Engineering Services Business ("Services") | Corporate | Total |
| **Three Months Ended April 30, 2025** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Revenues | $3878090 | $1299069 | $1840300 | $- | $7017459 |
| Cost of Revenues | 1251417 | 449664 | 819097 | - | 2520178 |
| **Gross Profit** | 2626673 | 849405 | 1021203 |  | 4497281 |
| Research & Development | 565385 | 95266 | 29344 |  | 689995 |
| Selling, General & Administrative | 1097358 | 608923 | 540091 | 473230 | 2719602 |
| **Total Operating Expenses** | 1662743 | 704189 | 569435 | 473230 | 3409597 |
| **Income (Loss) from Operations** | 963930 | 145216 | 451768 | (473230) | 1087684 |
| **Other Income** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other Income | 4967 | 27365 |  |  | 32332 |
| Interest Income | 86358 | 1290 | 25954 | 31992 | 145594 |
| **Total Other Income** | 91325 | 28655 | 25954 | 31992 | 177926 |
| Income (Loss) before Income Taxes | 1055255 | 173871 | 477722 | (441238) | 1265610 |
| **Income Tax (Expense)** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Current Tax (Expense) | (32658) | (167083) |  | (174960) | (374701) |
| Deferred Tax Benefit |  |  |  | 17853 | 17853 |
| **Total Income Tax (Expense)** | (32658) | (167083) | - | (157107) | (356848) |
| **Net Income (Loss)** | $1022597 | $6788 | $477722 | $(598345) | $908762 |
| **Supplemental Disclosures** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Assets | $37175601 | $7036570 | $13538446 | $2839527 | $60590144 |
| Total Liabilities | $2689882 | $1241450 | $609333 | $160982 | $4701647 |
| Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales above | $2189543 | $19339 | $83921 | $300000 | $2592803 |
| Depreciation and Amortization | $134486 | $173022 | $15823 | $12336 | $335667 |
| Purchases of Long-lived Assets | $4997 | $6635 | $12579 | $- | $24211 |

---

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**NOTE 15 – SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Marine Technology Business ("Products") | Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL") | Defense Engineering Services Business ("Services") | Corporate | Total |
| **Six Months Ended April 30, 2026** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Revenues | $6194595 | $3109583 | $4309946 | $- | $13614124 |
| Cost of Revenues | 1482877 | 1231377 | 1954787 | - | 4669041 |
| **Gross Profit** | 4711718 | 1878206 | 2355159 |  | 8945083 |
| Research & Development | 852943 | 220576 | 180887 |  | 1254406 |
| Selling, General & Administrative | 1866926 | 922252 | 1117990 | 980463 | 4887631 |
| **Total Operating Expenses** | 2719869 | 1142828 | 1298877 | 980463 | 6142037 |
| **Income (Loss) from Operations** | 1991849 | 735378 | 1056282 | (980463) | 2803046 |
| **Other Income** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other Income | 143590 | 29604 |  |  | 173194 |
| Interest Income | 259082 | 2137 | 55010 | 27956 | 344185 |
| **Total Other Income, net** | 402672 | 31741 | 55010 | 27956 | 517379 |
| Income (Loss) before Income Taxes | 2394521 | 767119 | 1111292 | (952507) | 3320425 |
| **Income Tax (Expense) Benefit** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Current Tax (Expense) | (128737) | (227982) | (178806) | (159894) | (695419) |
| Deferred Tax Benefit | - | - | - | 3527 | 3527 |
| **Total Income Tax (Expense)** | (128737) | (227982) | (178806) | (156367) | (691892) |
| **Net Income (Loss)** | $2265784 | $539137 | $932486 | $(1108874) | $2628533 |
| **Supplemental Disclosures** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Assets | $39029688 | $7862369 | $16054543 | $4392180 | $67338780 |
| Total Liabilities | $2248580 | $1884988 | $1686912 | $104068 | $5924548 |
| Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales above | $1527880 | $22009 | $61749 | $1550000 | $3161638 |
| Depreciation and Amortization | $283416 | $370240 | $36682 | $25224 | $715562 |
| Purchases of Long-lived Assets | $92820 | $44403 | $22951 | $43339 | $203513 |

---

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**NOTE 15 – SEGMENT ANALYSIS (Continued)**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Marine Technology Business ("Products") | Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL") | Defense Engineering Services Business ("Services") | Corporate | Total |
| **Six Months Ended April 30, 2025** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Revenues | $6153899 | $2611330 | $3461945 | $- | $12227174 |
| Cost of Revenues | 1863585 | 951781 | 1486057 | - | 4301423 |
| **Gross Profit** | 4290314 | 1659549 | 1975888 |  | 7925751 |
| Research & Development | 971197 | 186230 | 75694 |  | 1233121 |
| Selling, General & Administrative | 1663222 | 847177 | 1177987 | 1254538 | 4942924 |
| **Total Operating Expenses** | 2634419 | 1033407 | 1253681 | 1254538 | 6176045 |
| **Income (Loss) from Operations** | 1655895 | 626142 | 722207 | (1254538) | 1749706 |
| **Other Income** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other Income | 10813 | 100186 |  |  | 110999 |
| Interest Income | 241671 | 3592 | 53310 | 41192 | 339765 |
| **Total Other Income** | 252484 | 103778 | 53310 | 41192 | 450764 |
| Income (Loss) before Income Taxes | 1908379 | 729920 | 775517 | (1213346) | 2200470 |
| **Income Tax (Expense) Benefit** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Current Tax (Expense) | (81532) | (167083) |  | (174960) | (423575) |
| Deferred Tax Benefit | - |  | - | 44842 | 44842 |
| **Total Income Tax (Expense) Benefit** | (81532) | (167083) | - | (130118) | (378733) |
| **Net Income (Loss)** | $1826847 | $562837 | $775517 | $(1343464) | $1821737 |
| **Supplemental Disclosures** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Assets | $37175601 | $7036570 | $13538446 | $2839527 | $60590144 |
| Total Liabilities | $2689882 | $1241450 | $609333 | $160982 | $4701647 |
| Revenues from Intercompany Sales - eliminated from sales above | $3111874 | $22091 | $102734 | $612000 | $3848699 |
| Depreciation and Amortization | $281817 | $329392 | $32527 | $25336 | $669072 |
| Purchases of Long-lived Assets | $23295 | $113977 | $15047 | $- | $152319 |

---

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**NOTE 16 – DISAGGREGATION OF NET REVENUE**

Information about the Company's operations in different geographic areas for the three months and six months ended April 30, 2026 and 2025, is shown below. Net revenues were attributed to geographic areas based on the location of the customer.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2026 | For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2026 | For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2026 | For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2026 |
|  | Marine Technology Business ("Products") | Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL") | Defense Engineering Services Business ("Services") | Total |
| Disaggregation of Total Net Revenues |  |  |  |  |
| Primary Geographical Markets |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Americas | $573083 | $311322 | $788204 | $1672609 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Europe | 475734 | 958288 | 1750392 | 3184414 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Australia/Asia | 1423313 | 213917 |  | 1637230 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Middle East/Africa | 367462 | 42297 | - | 409759 |
| Total Revenues | $2839592 | $1525824 | $2538596 | $6904012 |
| Major Goods/Service Lines |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equipment Sales | $1763606 | $1350500 | $37169 | $3151275 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equipment Rentals | 761338 |  |  | 761338 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Software Sales | 134954 |  |  | 134954 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Engineering Parts |  |  | 2099301 | 2099301 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 179694 | 175324 | 402126 | 757144 |
| Total Revenues | $2839592 | $1525824 | $2538596 | $6904012 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goods transferred at a point in time | $1898560 | $1350500 | $37169 | $3286229 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services transferred over time | 941032 | 175324 | 2501427 | 3617783 |
| Total Revenues | $2839592 | $1525824 | $2538596 | $6904012 |

---

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**NOTE 16 – DISAGGREGATION OF NET REVENUE (Continued)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2025 | For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2025 | For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2025 | For the Three Months Ended April 30, 2025 |
|  | Marine Technology Business ("Products") | Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL") | Defense Engineering Services Business ("Services") | Total |
| Disaggregation of Total Net Revenues |  |  |  |  |
| Primary Geographical Markets |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Americas | $1423701 | $176799 | $1143682 | $2744182 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Europe | 254107 | 551654 | 696618 | 1502379 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Australia/Asia | 2200282 | 548276 |  | 2748558 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Middle East/Africa | - | 22340 | - | 22340 |
| Total Revenues | $3878090 | $1299069 | $1840300 | $7017459 |
| Major Goods/Service Lines |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equipment Sales | $3319322 | $1134281 | $45583 | $4499186 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equipment Rentals | 168791 |  |  | 168791 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Software Sales | 228053 |  |  | 228053 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Engineering Parts |  |  | 1603789 | 1603789 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 161924 | 164788 | 190928 | 517640 |
| Total Revenues | $3878090 | $1299069 | $1840300 | $7017459 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goods transferred at a point in time | $3547375 | $1134281 | $45583 | $4727239 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services transferred over time | 330715 | 164788 | 1794717 | 2290220 |
| Total Revenues | $3878090 | $1299069 | $1840300 | $7017459 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2026 | For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2026 | For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2026 | For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2026 |
|  | Marine Technology Business ("Products") | Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL") | Defense Engineering Services Business ("Services") | Total |
| Disaggregation of Total Net Sales |  |  |  |  |
| Primary Geographical Markets |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Americas | $848660 | $495412 | $1190118 | $2534190 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Europe | 920894 | 1534116 | 3119828 | 5574838 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Australia/Asia | 4024400 | 974300 |  | 4998700 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Middle East/Africa | 400641 | 105755 | - | 506396 |
| Total Revenues | $6194595 | $3109583 | $4309946 | $13614124 |
| Major Goods/Service Lines |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equipment Sales | $4035486 | $2651976 | $80165 | $6767627 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equipment Rentals | 1508295 |  |  | 1508295 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Software Sales | 344044 |  |  | 344044 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Engineering Parts |  |  | 3522248 | 3522248 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 306770 | 457607 | 707533 | 1471910 |
| Total Revenues | $6194595 | $3109583 | $4309946 | $13614124 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goods transferred at a point in time | $4379530 | $2651976 | $80165 | $7111671 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services transferred over time | 1815065 | 457607 | 4229781 | 6502453 |
| Total Revenues | $6194595 | $3109583 | $4309946 | $13614124 |

---

**CODA OCTOPUS GROUP, INC.**

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

April 30, 2026 and October 31, 2025

**NOTE 16 – DISAGGREGATION OF NET REVENUE (Continued)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2025 | For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2025 | For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2025 | For the Six Months Ended April 30, 2025 |
|  | Marine Technology Business ("Products") | Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL") | Defense Engineering Services Business ("Services") | Total |
| Disaggregation of Total Net Revenues |  |  |  |  |
| Primary Geographical Markets |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Americas | $1778337 | $432222 | $1832460 | $4043019 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Europe | 577650 | 1197128 | 1629485 | 3404263 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Australia/Asia | 3792093 | 920744 |  | 4712837 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Middle East/Africa | 5819 | 61236 | - | 67055 |
| Total Revenues | $6153899 | $2611330 | $3461945 | $12227174 |
| Major Goods/Service Lines |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equipment Sales | $5054063 | $2298077 | $187511 | $7539651 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equipment Rentals | 393234 |  |  | 393234 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Software Sales | 348848 | 59600 |  | 408448 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Engineering Parts |  |  | 2820199 | 2820199 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 357754 | 253653 | 454235 | 1065642 |
| Total Revenues | $6153899 | $2611330 | $3461945 | $12227174 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goods transferred at a point in time | $5402911 | $2357677 | $202608 | $7963196 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services transferred over time | 750988 | 253653 | 3259337 | 4263978 |
| Total Revenues | $6153899 | $2611330 | $3461945 | $12227174 |

---

**Note 17 – INCOME TAXES**

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, *Income Taxes*. Our provision for, or benefit from, income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are recognized in the relevant period. We update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate each quarter based on the most current information available. Any change in the estimated annual effective tax rate is recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period in which the change is identified.

Our quarterly income tax provision, as well as our quarterly estimate of the annual effective tax rate, may vary significantly from period to period. This variability is driven by several factors, including the inherent difficulty in forecasting pre-tax income or loss and the jurisdictions in which such results are expected to occur; the impact of intercompany transactions; the applicability of special tax regimes; changes in our operating structure; fluctuations in our stock price; foreign currency gains and losses; and changes in tax laws, regulations, or administrative practices. Our effective tax rate may be more or less volatile depending on the level of pre-tax income or loss in a given period.

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025 (the "2025 Tax Act") was enacted on July 4, 2025. The 2025 Tax Act includes several changes to U.S. corporate income tax rules, including the reinstatement of 100% accelerated depreciation for qualified property, retroactive to January 20, 2025, and the immediate expensing of domestic research and development costs, retroactive to January 1, 2025. For fiscal year 2026, we do not expect these provisions to result in significant changes to our U.S. cash tax obligations.

Beginning in fiscal year 2027, we expect our income tax provision to increase primarily due to a reduction in our foreign income deduction under the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provisions of the 2025 Tax Act.

The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the 2025 Tax Act and other enacted or proposed tax law changes as additional guidance becomes available. Any resulting adjustments will be recognized in the period in which such information becomes available and the effects can be reasonably estimated.

We estimate that the Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended April 30, 2026, and 2025, was 20.4% and 28.2%, respectively. In the three months ended April 30, 2026, and 2025, we recorded current income tax expense of $432,203 and $374,701, respectively

We estimate that the Company's effective tax rate for the six months ended April 30, 2026, and 2025, was 20.8% and 17.2%, respectively. In the six months ended April 30, 2026, and 2025, we recorded current income tax expense of $695,419 and $423,575, respectively.

In the three and six months ended April 30, 2026, the Company recorded a deferred tax expense of $3,639 and benefit of $3,527 respectively, compared to a deferred tax benefit in the previous three and six months to April 30, 2025, of $17,853 and $44,842 respectively.

**ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS**

**Forward-Looking Statements**

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact made herein are forward looking. In particular, the statements herein regarding industry prospects and future results of operations or financial position are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as "believes," "estimates," "could," "possibly," "probably," anticipates," "projects," "expects," "may," "will," or "should" or other variations or similar words. No assurance can be given that the future results anticipated by the forward-looking statements will be achieved. Forward-looking statements reflect management's current expectations and are inherently uncertain. Our actual results may differ significantly from management's expectations. Actual results and outcomes could differ materially for a variety of reasons, including, among others, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, changes in global economic conditions, tariff and trade policies, reduction in government spending in Defense sector and customer demand and spending, inflation, interest rates, and world events, risks of inventory management, variability in demand, economic and geopolitical conditions and additional or unforeseen circumstances, developments, or events may give rise to or amplify many of these risks.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included herewith and the audited financial statements with their accompanying notes included in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on January 29, 2026, as amended on our Form 10-K/A filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2026. This discussion should not be construed to imply that the results discussed herein will necessarily continue into the future, or that any conclusion reached herein will necessarily be indicative of actual operating results in the future. Such discussion represents only the best present assessment of our management.

**General Overview**

Throughout these discussions, the following terms shall have the meaning set forth below:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| "Current Quarter" | Three month period ended April 30, 2026 |
| "Previous Quarter" | Three month period ended April 30, 2025 |
| "Current Six Month Period" | Six month period ended April 30, 2026 |
| "Previous Six Month Period" | Six month period ended April 30, 2025 |

---

We have organized our operations into three segments: Marine Technology Business, Acoustics Sensors and Materials Business and Defense Engineering Services Business. These segments reflect the way the Company evaluates its business performance and manages its operations. See Item 1 of Part 1 "Financial Statements – Note 15 – Segment Analysis."

We sell our products and services internationally, with $5,231,403 or 75.8% of our consolidated net revenues for the Current Quarter, generated outside the United States. Our results of operations are affected by macroeconomic conditions, including changes in inflation and interest rates, as well as global economic and geopolitical developments. These developments include disruptions in trade caused by embargoes or blockades of major shipping routes, shifts in global tariff structures, significant changes in trade and funding policies, and other world events. Such factors can have both direct and indirect impacts on our business that are difficult to isolate or quantify.

These conditions may adversely affect customer demand for our products and services and reduce the predictability of customer spending patterns, which in turn may impact on our ability to forecast overall demand. We expect some or all of these factors to continue to influence our operations during fiscal year 2026.

**Factors Affecting our Business in the Current Quarter**

The following are some of the most critical factors that affected our business during the Current Quarter. Our annual report on Form 10-K as amended on Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, contains additional factors that are hereby deemed incorporated by reference.

 **

***Business Disruption caused by the ongoing Iranian Conflict and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz***

 **

We operate in global markets, and our results are affected by macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical developments that influence customer demand, supply chain reliability, and overall business activity. In the Current Quarter, $5,231,403 or 75.8% of our consolidated net revenues were generated outside the Americas.

In the Current Quarter, geopolitical instability has had a direct impact on our business. The ongoing conflict involving Iran and the resulting instability in the Middle East have adversely affected customer activity in regions that are significant to our Marine Technology Business. A substantial portion of our customer base for this segment is located in the Middle East and Asia. The conflict, combined with the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz—through which a significant portion of global maritime shipping transits—has disrupted commercial activity and reduced demand for our products and services.

Revenues from Asia and the Middle East for the Group in the Previous Quarter was $2,770,898 compared to $2,046,989 in the Current Quarter, representing a decrease of 26.1%. The uncertainty caused by the conflict and the regional standoff has contributed to lower order intake, delays in contract awards, and the postponement of customer projects. These conditions have also resulted in higher raw material costs, increased operational overhead, and extended lead times for core components, which have slowed progress on customer programs. These disruptions may impair our ability to meet customer demand, maintain production schedules, or operate efficiently.

We expect some or all of these macroeconomic and geopolitical factors to continue to influence our operations during fiscal year 2026.

***Volatility in Global Trade Policy Including Geopolitical Uncertainties***

We sell our products and services globally, and a significant portion of our revenue is generated from international markets. Changes in U.S. trade policy that restrict the free flow of goods and services may reduce global demand for our offerings and contribute to uncertainty in the markets in which we operate. Recent shifts in U.S. trade policy have increased volatility in global trade conditions. Our revenue mix includes both product sales and rentals, with rental activity closely linked to offshore project development. Following changes in U.S. Administration policy regarding funding for offshore renewable energy programs, we have experienced reduced demand for rental equipment and related services from certain European customers who had been down-selected to develop offshore renewable projects in the United States. In addition, some of the products we sell into the U.S. market are manufactured in the United Kingdom. As a result, changes in trade policy, tariffs, customs requirements, or cross-border regulatory frameworks may affect our cost structure, supply chain efficiency, and the competitiveness of our products in the U.S. market. These factors collectively contribute to uncertainty in customer purchasing behavior and may adversely affect our ability to forecast demand and operate efficiently. Under the newly introduced tariff structure, we are subject to a 10% tariff on items imported into the United States from the United Kingdom, where most of our products are manufactured. In the Current Quarter approximately 20.2% of our Marine Technology Business revenues was generated from sales made in the USA and therefore exposed to tariffs.

***Currency Fluctuation/Foreign Exchange Risks***

The Company has operations in the UK, USA and Denmark and the financial transactions of these companies are conducted primarily in local currencies. The results of operations, our intercompany balances associated with our international operations, products and service offerings are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Due to these fluctuations, operating results may differ materially from expectations, and we may record significant gains or losses on the remeasurement of intercompany balances (such as assets and liabilities). We also hold cash and cash equivalents in foreign currencies such as British Pounds, Euros and Danish Kroner. When the U.S. Dollar strengthens compared to these currencies, cash equivalents when translated, may be materially less than expected and vice versa. In the Current Quarter, the USD weakened against the British Pound and Danish Kroner, which resulted in direct cost of sale and also total operating expenses of our foreign subsidiaries when translated into USD for reporting purposes being higher. The impact of currency fluctuations is discussed more fully below under "Inflation and Foreign Currency". See also Note 5 (Foreign Currency Translation) to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the section of this report which concerns "Inflation and Foreign Currency".

***Concentration of Business Opportunities Where the Sales Cycle is Long and Unpredictable***

The Defense Engineering Services Business revenues are highly concentrated and are mostly generated from sub-contracts with a small number of Prime Defense Contractors. The sales cycle is generally protracted, and this may affect quarterly revenues. It is also dependent on the federal government appropriating budget for Defense projects and where the federal government is unable to find consensus in the U.S. Congress or there is a change in spending priorities, this may affect the timely award of sub-contracts from Prime Defense Contractors to our Defense Engineering Services Business, which is reliant on these awards. Furthermore, our core business, the Marine Technology Business, key opportunities are in the Defense Market for both its imaging sonars and the DAVD technology, both of which are key pillars of the Company's growth strategy. Due to the protracted nature of the government procurement process and cycle for Defense spending under federal and/or state budgets, the sales cycle can be long and unpredictable, thus affecting timing of orders and thus quarterly revenues.

***Impact on Revenues and Earnings***

We are uncertain as to the extent of the impact the factors disclosed above and those in our Form 10-K as amended on our Form 10-K/A covering fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, are likely to have on our future financial results.

***Impact on Liquidity, Balance Sheet and Assets***

These factors may adversely impact on our availability of free cash flow, working capital and business prospects. As of April 30, 2026, we had cash and cash equivalents of $30,624,337 and cash provided by our operations of $2,047,284. Based on our outstanding obligations and our cash and cash equivalents, as well as our revolving line of credit with HSBC NA, we believe we have sufficient working capital to meet our anticipated cash needs for the next twelve months. However, any projections of future cash flows are subject to substantial uncertainty.

**Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

The Management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited consolidated financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP in the United States which requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. By their nature, these estimates and judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. We evaluate our estimates based on our historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates relate to revenue recognition, the assessment of recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets and the recognition and measurement of deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates and may have material effects on our operating results and financial position.

Below is a discussion of accounting policies that we consider critical to an understanding of our financial condition and operating results and that may require complex judgment in their application or require estimates about matters which are inherently uncertain. A discussion of our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2, "Summary of Accounting Policies" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, as amended on Form 10-K/A.

*Revenue Recognition*

Our revenues are earned under formal contracts with our customers.

Our Marine Technology Business revenues are derived from both sales and rental of underwater solutions for imaging, mapping, survey applications and diving. PAL's revenues are derived from sales of acoustic sensors, materials and calibration services, and for our Defense Engineering Services Business for engineering services performed for third party customers who are primarily Defense Contractors. Our contracts do not include the possibility for additional contingent consideration so that our determination of the contract price does not involve having to consider potential additional variable consideration. Our product sales do not include a right of return by the customer.

Regarding our Marine Technology Business and PAL, all of our products are sold on a stand-alone basis, and those market prices are evidence of the value of the products. To the extent that we also provide services (e.g., field installation, training, or calibration services etc.), those services are either included as part of the product or are subject to written contracts based on the stand-alone value of those services. Revenue from performing engineering services is recognized when those services have been provided to the customer and evidence of the provision of those services exists.

For further discussion of our revenue recognition accounting policies, refer to Note 2 – "Revenue Recognition" in these unaudited consolidated financial statements and Note 2 "Summary of Accounting Policies" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.

*Inventory Allowance*

We value our inventory based on our cost. We adjust the value of our inventory to the extent our management determines that our cost cannot be recovered due to obsolescence or other factors. In order to make these determinations, our management uses estimates of future demand and sales prices for each product to determine appropriate inventory reserves and to make corresponding reductions in inventory values to reflect the lower of cost or net realizable value. In the event of a higher incidence of inventory obsolescence, we could be required to increase our inventory reserve, which would increase our cost of revenues and decrease our gross profit.

**Consolidated Results of Operations for the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter**

Our consolidated results of operations include the results of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. Our foreign subsidiaries' results are translated from their respective functional currencies into United States Dollar (USD) for reporting purposes. Currency fluctuations can therefore impact (positively or negatively) on our consolidated results including net revenues, profitability and the value of our assets and liabilities included in the consolidated balance sheet.

During the Current Quarter, the USD weakened against the British Pound and the Danish Kroner, resulting in translated foreign revenues being higher by $193,532 than when using the Previous Quarter exchange rate. In addition, the associated costs of our foreign subsidiaries including cost of revenues and operating expenses when translated from their respective functional currencies into USD for reporting purposes were higher due to the weakening of the USD, (for a discussion of the effect of foreign exchange rates see Item 2 "Inflation and Foreign Currency").

Consolidated net revenues in the Current Quarter decreased by 1.6% and was $6,904,012 compared to $7,017,459 in the Previous Quarter. During the Current Quarter total operating expenses decreased by 18.3% and income from operations increased by 64.8%. Pre-tax income in the Current Quarter was $2,133,652 compared to $1,265,610 in the Previous Quarter, representing an increase of 68.6%. A more detailed analysis of our results of operations is set out below.

A brief summary of the impact of exchange rate fluctuations is shown immediately below:

*Revenue Impact – Percentage of Revenue and Costs from our Foreign Subsidiaries:*

In the Current Quarter 73.2% of our consolidated net revenue was attributable to the Company's foreign subsidiaries. When translating this amount from the native functional currencies of British Pound and Danish Kroner to USD in the Current Quarter this was $5,051,341 compared to $4,857,809 when using the exchange rate applied in the Previous Quarter and therefore an increase in net revenue of $193,532.

*Cost of Revenues and Operating Costs Impact from our Foreign Subsidiaries*

In the Current Quarter 68.8% of our consolidated Operating Expenses and Cost of Revenues was attributable to the Company's foreign subsidiaries and this was $3,516,419 ("Foreign Subsidiary Costs") of our total costs of $5,111,036. When translating the Foreign Subsidiary Costs from the native functional currencies of British Pound and Danish Kroner to USD in the Current Quarter this was $117,428 higher when using the exchange rate of the Previous Quarter.

**Segment Summary**

***Marine Technology Business ("Products")***

We sell our products internationally (79.8% of sales by our Products Business in the Current Quarter are derived from sales outside of the USA). In the Current Quarter, the Products Business generated $2,839,592 or 41.1% of our consolidated net revenues compared to $3,878,090 or 55.3% in the Previous Quarter, representing a decrease of $1,038,498 or 26.8%. The decrease in revenues is primarily due to the reduced demand for our goods and services caused by the ongoing conflict with Iran and the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz. Many offshore projects, especially in the Middle East and Asia, have been affected resulting in delays in ongoing projects and in customers' placing orders. In the Current Quarter this has resulted in a decrease in hardware sales, from the strategic region of Asia where sales decreased by 35.3% to $1,423,313 compared to $2,200,282 in the Previous Quarter. Sales derived from the U.S. decreased by 59.7% to $573,083 compared to $1,423,701 in the Previous Quarter, reflecting delays in receiving contract awards under some Defense programs which we are anticipating.

Gross profit margin increased from 67.7% in the Previous Quarter to 77.0% in the Current Quarter primarily due to the mix of sales and the decrease in sales in the Middle East and Asia (resulting in a decrease in commission costs in the Current Quarter). In the Current Quarter we saw increased utilization of our rental assets resulting in an increase in rental revenue by 351.1% to $761,338 compared to $168,791 in the Previous Quarter. In addition, hardware sales from the strategic region of Asia fell by 35.3%, resulting in commission costs decreasing by 68.7% to $114,060 compared to $364,381 in the Previous Quarter.

In the Current Quarter, total operating expenses in the Marine Technology Business decreased by 25.3% to $1,241,359 compared to $1,662,743 in the Previous Quarter. The decrease was primarily driven by favorable foreign currency exchange rate movements resulting from the fluctuation of the U.S. dollar against the British Pound and Danish Kroner, the functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries. These movements resulted in a foreign currency–related benefit of $88,949 in the Current Quarter, compared to an exchange rate variance expense of $221,198 in the Previous Quarter.

Pre-tax income was $1,216,553 in the Current Quarter compared to $1,055,255 in the Previous Quarter, reflecting a decrease in operating expenses.

***Acoustic Sensors and Materials Business ("PAL")***

In the Current Quarter, PAL generated $1,525,824 or 22.1% of our consolidated net revenues compared to $1,299,069 or 18.5% of our consolidated net revenues in the Previous Quarter, representing an increase of 17.5%. Gross profit margin was 53.7% in the Current Quarter compared to 65.4% in the Previous Quarter reflecting the mix of sales. Commission costs decreased by 62.0% and were $9,886 in the Current Quarter compared to $26,003 in the Previous Quarter. Total operating expenses were $539,711 compared to $704,189 in the Previous Quarter. Pre-tax income was $310,405 in the Current Quarter compared to $173,871 in the Previous Quarter, reflecting an increase in revenue in conjunction with a decrease in total operating expenses.

***Defense Engineering Services Business ("Services")***

In the Current Quarter, the Defense Engineering Services Business generated $2,538,596 or 36.8% of our consolidated net revenues compared to $1,840,300 or 26.2% in the Previous Quarter, representing an increase of 37.9%. This increase is attributable to the UK arm of our Defense Engineering Services Business. Gross profit margin increased from 55.5% in the Previous Quarter to 62.0% in the Current Quarter, reflecting the mix of engineering projects. Commission costs increased to $55,128 in the Current Quarter compared to $0 in the Previous Quarter. Total operating expenses increased by 10.3% and were $628,148 compared to $569,435 in the Previous Quarter, as a result of an increase in R&D expenditure in the Current Quarter. Pre-tax income increased in the Current Quarter to $977,387 compared to $477,722 in the Previous Quarter, largely reflecting the increase in revenue, gross profit margins and interest income.

**Results of Operations for the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter**

***Net Revenues***: Total consolidated net revenues for the Current Quarter decreased by 1.6% when compared to the Previous Quarter and were $6,904,012 and $7,017,459, respectively. The decrease in consolidated net revenue reflects a 26.8% reduction in revenue from the Marine Technology Business, our core business segment. This business segment primarily works in the marine offshore sector. Due to the ongoing conflict with Iran and the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz, a large part of its customer base located in the Middle East and Asia have been affected and revenues from those regions decreased by 18.6%. Revenues in both the Defense Engineering Business and PAL increased in the Current Quarter.

***Gross Profit Margins****:* Margin percentage was stronger in the Current Quarter at 66.3% (gross profit of $4,578,049) compared to 64.1% (gross profit of $4,497,281) in the Previous Quarter. In the Current Quarter, gross profit margins in our Marine Technology Business were stronger primarily due to a reduction in hardware sales (decreased by 46.9% to $1,763,606 compared to $3,319,322 in the Previous Quarter); a reduction in sales derived from Asia, resulting in a decrease in commission costs by 68.7% to $114,060 compared to $364,381 coupled with an increase in rental revenue by 351.1%. In the Current Quarter, 61.0% of the total revenues of the Marine Technology Business attracted commission compared to 85.9% of total revenue in the Previous Quarter attracting commission. Gross Profit Margins in the Defense Engineering Business also increased from 55.5% to 62.0%, reflecting the mix of projects in the period presented. Total consolidated commission costs in the Current Quarter were $179,074 compared to $390,384 in the Previous Quarter, representing a decrease of 54.1%, which is primarily attributable to the Marine Technology Business.

Our gross profit margins may vary from period to period due to several factors, including changes in our revenue mix across business segments, product categories, and geographic regions. Key drivers include:

● **Revenue Mix by Business Segment** Gross margins differ across our operating segments. The Marine Technology Business generally yields higher gross margins than the Defense Engineering Services Business and PAL. As a result, the percentage of consolidated net sales attributable to each segment in a given period affects our overall gross margin.

● **Marine Technology Business Mix** Gross margins within the Marine Technology Business vary based on product mix and geography. Sales in certain regions, particularly Asia, often involve commission-based distribution arrangements that reduce margins. Margins also differ between hardware and software sales, with hardware typically generating lower margins and software generating higher margins. In addition, margins vary between custom engineering services and field services performed by our technical support engineers.

● **Defense Engineering Services Business** Revenue in this segment is primarily derived from time-and-materials contracts under Department of Defense subcontracts. These contracts generally yield lower gross margins compared to the Marine Technology Business.

● **PAL Business** PAL supplies acoustic sensors and materials, which typically generate gross margins in the range of 55% to 65%. Actual margins may vary depending on product mix and the proportion of sales completed through sales agents during the reporting period.

● **Commission Structure** All business units utilize sales and distribution agents, and commission levels vary based on product type, geography, and sales volume. A higher proportion of agent-facilitated sales, particularly in Asia for the Marine Technology Business and PAL, may reduce gross margins. See Note 3, "Cost of Revenues," for additional information.

● **Rental Asset Utilization** Gross margins in the Marine Technology Business are also affected by the size and utilization of the rental asset pool. Depreciation expense associated with rental assets may vary depending on investment levels and rental activity.

● **Engineering Project Mix** Within the Defense Engineering Services Business, margins may fluctuate based on the nature of engineering projects performed, including the mix between prototyping, design services, and manufacturing activities.

In the Current Quarter, gross profit margins for the Marine Technology Business were 77.0% compared to 67.7% in the Previous Quarter; for PAL this was 53.7% compared to 65.4%; and for the Defense Engineering Services Business this was 62.0% compared to 55.5%.

Since there are more variable factors affecting gross profit margins in the Marine Technology Business, a table categorizing net revenues generated by this segment in the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter is set out below:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Description** | **Marine Technology Business ("Products")** | **Marine Technology Business ("Products")** | **Percentage Change** |
| Equipment Sales | $1763606 | $3319322 | (46.9)% |
| Equipment Rental | 761338 | 168791 | 351.1% |
| Software Sales | 134954 | 228053 | (40.8)% |
| Services | 179694 | 161924 | 11.0% |
| Total Net Revenues | $2839592 | $3878090 | (26.8)% |

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Further information on the performance of each business segment, including revenues by type and geography, can be found in Notes 15 (Segment Analysis) and 16 (Disaggregation of Net Revenues) to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for the Current and Previous Quarters.

***Research and Development (R&D)***: R&D expenditures in the Current Quarter decreased by 6.0% and were $648,304 compared to $689,995 in the Previous Quarter. This is largely due to the decrease in this area of expenditure in the Marine Technology Business.

● *Marine Technology Business* 

During the Current Quarter, research and development ("R&D") expenses in our Marine Technology Business decreased by 19.3% to $456,067 compared to $565,385 in the Previous Quarter. The decrease primarily reflects a reduction in headcount within the R&D function.

R&D expenditures in this business are incurred to support ongoing investment in the development and enhancement of our products and solutions. A significant portion of these costs consists of wages and salaries for engineering and technical personnel. Continued investment in R&D remains essential to our strategy, as innovation is critical to maintaining the competitiveness and technological relevance of our offerings.

● *Acoustics and Materials Business (PAL)* 

During the Current Quarter, R&D expenses at PAL increased by 16.1% to $110,567 compared to $95,266 in the Previous Quarter. R&D expenditures in this business are incurred to support ongoing investment in the development of acoustic sensors, acoustic materials, and related solutions. A significant portion of these costs consists of wages and salaries for engineering and technical personnel.

● *Defense Engineering Services Business* 

During the Current Quarter, R&D expenses in the Defense Engineering Services Business increased by 178.3% to $81,670 compared to $29,344 in the Previous Quarter. R&D expenditures in this segment are primarily focused on advancing the Thermite® Octal range of mission-computer products, with the strategic objectives of expanding and diversifying revenue opportunities and improving gross profit margins. The table below sets out the R&D expenditure for each segment for the periods presented: -

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Segment** | **April 30,**<br>**2026** | **April 30,**<br> **2025** | **Percentage**<br>**Change** |
| Marine Technology R&D Expenditure | $456067 | $565385 | (19.3)% |
| PAL R&D Expenditure | $110567 | $95266 | 16.1% |
| Defense Engineering Services R&D Expenditure | $81670 | $29344 | 178.3% |

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***Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)*:** SG&A expenses for the Current Quarter decreased by 21.4% to $2,136,769 compared to $2,719,602 in the Previous Quarter. The primary driver of this decrease was favorable foreign currency exchange rate movements. Exchange rate variance adjustments resulted in a benefit of $87,693 in the Current Quarter, compared to an exchange rate variance expense of $312,285 in the Previous Quarter. Non-cash charges represented 9.1% of total SG&A, or $194,259, in the Current Quarter, compared to 24.7%, or $670,542, in the Previous Quarter. These non-cash charges include depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation, allowance for credit losses, and foreign currency exchange rate variance adjustments.

Stock-based compensation decreased and was a benefit of $13,704 in the Current Quarter compared to an expense of $66,239 in the Previous Quarter.

*Key Areas of SG&A Expenditure across the Company for the Current Quarter compared to the Previous Quarter are:*

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Expenditure** | **April 30,**<br>**2026** | **April 30,**<br>**2025** | **Percentage**<br>**Change** |
| Wages and Salaries | $940733 | $1050618 | (10.5)% |
| Legal and Professional Fees (including accounting, audit, tax and investor relations) | $381314 | $375024 | 1.7% |
| Rent and operating lease | $7791 | $18058 | (56.9)% |
| Marketing (Excluding associated travel) | $46267 | $101644 | (54.5)% |
| Travel associated with marketing activities | $45889 | $21294 | 115.5% |
| Office costs | $210528 | $166964 | 26.1% |

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*Wages and Salaries* – This category decreased in the Current Quarter primarily due to reduced headcount, reflecting ongoing inflationary pressures in the engineering labor market and resulting workforce instability, particularly within the Defense Engineering Services Business. This business experienced elevated staff turnover during the period, contributing to a 17.9% reduction in wages and salaries. We expect wages and salaries to increase materially on a full-year basis in fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025. We are currently operating with a reduced headcount and are actively recruiting to fill several vacant positions, including additions to our management team. Some of these hires may also result in incremental costs associated with our succession planning initiatives.

*Legal and Professional* - This category increased by 1.7% in the Current Quarter reflecting the timing of the performance of certain services such as audit and tax consultancy fees.

*Rent and operating lease expenses* - We own most of our business premises. This category of expenditure is not material for our business and relates to our Copenhagen office space and the PAL operating lease. The costs of our operating lease reflect Right of Use interest expense.

*Marketing and associated travel costs* - We incur marketing expenses in connection with the promotion of our products and services. These expenses include wages and salaries for our Digitalization Team, which is responsible for content creation and video production related to our technologies, as well as costs associated with participation in industry trade shows, technology demonstrations, and travel for marketing activities. Marketing expenses decreased in the Current Quarter, primarily reflecting the timing of marketing events and related expenditures. On a full-year basis, we expect marketing expenses for fiscal year 2026 to be generally consistent with the levels incurred in fiscal year 2025.

***Overhead related costs as a percentage of net revenue for Current Quarter, compared to the Previous Quarter***

General corporate administrative expenses in the Current Quarter were $375,855 or 5.4% of net revenues and $473,230 or 6.7% of net revenues in the Previous Quarter, respectively, which largely reflects a decrease in overheads costs attributable to reduction in our stock-based compensation expense which in the Current Quarter was a benefit of $13,704 compared to an expense in the Previous Quarter of $66,239.

***Operating Income***: In the Current Quarter operating income increased by 64.8% and was $1,792,976 as compared to $1,087,684 in the Previous Quarter. The increase in operating income reflects the decrease in total operating expenses by 18.3% and which were $2,785,073 compared to $3,409,597 in the Previous Quarter. A significant factor in the decrease in our total operating expense in the Current Quarter is favorable foreign currency exchange rate variance adjustments which resulted in a benefit of $87,693 in the Current Quarter, compared to an exchange rate variance expense of $312,285 in the Previous Quarter.

***Other Income***: In the Current Quarter, we had "Total Other Income, net" of $340,676 compared to $177,926, representing an increase of 91.5% from the Previous Quarter. The significant components within this category in the Current Quarter are interest earned on our certified deposit account which was $171,915 compared to $145,594 in the Previous Quarter; and gain on the sale of assets (our vessel and a vehicle) of $133,674. See Note 7 (Composition of Certain Financial Statement Captions for more detailed analysis of this). We anticipate that the interest earned in these certified deposit accounts will be material in the future if interest rates remain at similar levels.

***Income before income taxes***: In the Current Quarter, we had pre-tax income of $2,133,652 compared to $1,265,610 in the Previous Quarter, representing an increase of 68.6%. Pre-tax income increased, largely due to the increase in our "income from operations" and "Total Other Income, net" for the reasons discussed above

***Net Income:*** In the Current Quarter we had Net Income of $1,697,810 compared to $908,762 in the Previous Quarter, representing an increase of 86.8%. In the Previous Quarter we recorded Current Tax Expense of $374,701 compared to $432,203 in the Current Quarter reflecting provision for income tax. We also recorded a Deferred Tax Benefit of $17,853 in the Previous Quarter compared to a Deferred Tax Expense of $3,639 in the Current Quarter, which relates to the cancellation of a stock award. Our effective tax rate is subject to significant variation due to several factors including variability in our pre-tax income and/or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which such income or losses relate, the applicability of special tax regimes, changes in tax regulations, changes in our stock price, changes in our deferred tax assets and liabilities, their valuation, foreign currency gains (losses). The mix of jurisdictions and related income or losses also affects our tax liability for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI). The changes under the 2025 Tax Act as they relate to GILTI, including the computation method, will be effective for the Company in its 2027 financial statements. The Company's UK subsidiaries have some restricted carry forward losses and annually qualify for R&D Tax credits which are applied to defray a percentage of our income tax liability in the UK.

***Comprehensive Income****.* Comprehensive income for the Current Quarter was $1,256,263, compared to $2,709,201 in the Previous Quarter. Comprehensive income is affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which influence both the translation of foreign-currency-denominated revenues and expenses and the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities. These impacts generally represent non-cash gains or losses recognized during the reporting period. A significant portion of the Company's operations is based in the United Kingdom and Denmark; accordingly, a substantial share of our transactions is conducted in British Pounds and Danish Kroner and translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. Note 7 ("Property and equipment by geographic areas") provides additional information on the geographic distribution of our assets. In the Current Quarter, the U.S. dollar strengthened against the British Pound, Danish Kroner, and Euro, resulting in a $441,547 loss from foreign currency translation adjustments, compared to a $1,800,439 gain in the Previous Quarter. Table 1 in the MD&A section titled "Inflation & Foreign Currency" illustrates the impact of these currency movements on our Income Statement and Balance Sheet for the Current Quarter compared with the Previous Quarter.

**Results of Operations for the Current Six Month Period compared to the Previous Six Month Period**

***Net Revenues***: Total consolidated net revenues for the Current Six Month Period compared to the Previous Six Month Period increased by 11.3% and were $13,614,124 and $12,227,174, respectively. The primary factors for the increase are attributable to an increase in revenue from the Defense Engineering Services Business by 24.5% or $4,309,946 compared to $3,461,945 in the Previous Six Month Period and which reflects an increase in revenue derived from the UK arm of the Defense Engineering Services Business. PAL also increased revenue in the Current Six Month Period by 19.1% to $3,109,583 compared to $2,611,330 in the Previous Six Month Period, and which reflects an increase in the number of "Acoustic Test Environments" that have been sold in the period presented. The Marine Technology Business revenue in the Current Six Month Period compared to the Previous Six Month Period, was $6,194,595 and $6,153,899, respectively, representing an increase of 0.7%. A key market for Marine Technology Business is the offshore marine market sector in the Middle East and Asia. During the second quarter of the current fiscal year this segment was affected by the ongoing conflict in Iran and the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz resulting in a steep decrease in order intake and sales emanating from the Middle East and Asia. Furthermore, due to delay in receiving awards from Defense Programs relating to DAVD, revenue from the Americas in the Current Six Month Period in the Marine Technology Business was down by 52.3% or $929,677 as compared to $1,778,337 in the Previous Six Month Period.

***Gross Profit Margins****:* Consolidated Margin percentage was higher in the Current Six Month Period at 65.7% (gross profit of $8,945,083) compared to 64.8% (gross profit of $7,925,751). The main factors which have resulted in the higher consolidated margins in the Current Six Month Period are primarily attributed to the decrease in hardware sales by 20.2% and which were $4,035,486 compared to $5,054,063 in the Previous Six Month Period. As a consequence of the foregoing, commission costs incurred by the Marine Technology Business decreased by 36.1% or $207,326, in conjunction with an increase in the utilization rate of our rental assets resulting in an increase in rental revenue by 283.6% to $1,508,295 in the Current Six Month Period compared to $393,234 in the Previous Six Month Period. Total consolidated commission costs for the Six Month Period were $480,512 compared to $635,893 in the Previous Six Month Period. The ongoing conflict involving Iran and the resulting instability in the Middle East have adversely affected customer activity in regions that are significant to our Marine Technology Business. A substantial portion of our customer base for this segment is located in the Middle East and Asia. The conflict, combined with the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz—through which a significant portion of global maritime shipping transits—has disrupted commercial activity and reduced demand for our products and services in our second quarter which has impacted revenue in the Current Six Month Period.

Our gross profit margins may vary from period to period due to several factors, including changes in our revenue mix across business segments, product categories, and geographic regions. Key drivers include:

● **Revenue Mix by Business Segment** Gross margins differ across our operating segments. The Marine Technology Business generally yields higher gross margins than the Defense Engineering Services Business and PAL. As a result, the percentage of consolidated net sales attributable to each segment in a given period affects our overall gross margin.

● **Marine Technology Business Mix** Gross margins within the Marine Technology Business vary based on product mix and geography. Sales in certain regions, particularly Asia, often involve commission-based distribution arrangements that reduce margins. Margins also differ between hardware and software sales, with hardware typically generating lower margins and software generating higher margins. In addition, margins vary between custom engineering services and field services performed by our technical support engineers.

● **Defense Engineering Services Business** Revenue in this segment is primarily derived from time-and-materials contracts under Department of Defense subcontracts. These contracts generally yield lower gross margins compared to the Marine Technology Business.

● **PAL Business** PAL supplies acoustic sensors and materials, which typically generate gross margins in the range of 55% to 65%. Actual margins may vary depending on product mix and the proportion of sales completed through sales agents during the reporting period.

● **Commission Structure** All business units utilize sales and distribution agents, and commission levels vary based on product type, geography, and sales volume. A higher proportion of agent-facilitated sales, particularly in Asia for the Marine Technology Business and PAL, may reduce gross margins. See Note 3, "Cost of Revenues," for additional information.

● **Rental Asset Utilization** Gross margins in the Marine Technology Business are also affected by the size and utilization of the rental asset pool. Depreciation expense associated with rental assets may vary depending on investment levels and rental activity.

● **Engineering Project Mix** Within the Defense Engineering Services Business, margins may fluctuate based on the nature of engineering projects performed, including the mix between prototyping, design services, and manufacturing activities.

In the Current Six Month Period, gross profit margins for the Marine Technology Business were 76.1% compared to 69.7% in the Previous Six Month Period; and for PAL this was 60.4% compared to 63.6%; and for the Defense Engineering Business this was 54.6% compared to 57.1%.

***Defense Engineering and Services Business (Services Business)***

Gross profit margin for the Defense Engineering Services Business was lower at 54.6% in the Current Six Month Period compared to 57.1% in the Previous Six Month Period. This is largely due to the mix of projects undertaken in the period presented coupled with the increase in commission costs incurred in the Current Six Month Period where this was $66,980 compared to $12,765, representing an increase of 424.7%.

***Acoustics and Materials Business (PAL)***

Gross profit margin for PAL was 60.4% in the Current Six-Month Period compared to 63.6% in the Previous Six-Month Period. The decrease primarily reflects a higher proportion of *Acoustic Test Environments* sold in the Current Six-Month Period. Commission costs for PAL decreased by 4.6%, totaling $46,782 in the Current Six-Month Period compared to $49,052 in the Previous Six-Month Period.

***Marine Technology Business (Products)***

In the Current Six Month Period gross profit margins for the Marine Technology Business were 76.1% compared to 69.7% in the Previous Six Month Period. This reflects less hardware sales to Asia due to the ongoing conflict with Iran and the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz. This has resulted in lower hardware sales; lower sales being facilitated through our agents network and therefore commission costs incurred during the presented period (this was $366,750 in the Current Six Month Period compared to $574,076 in the Previous Six Month Period). Gross margin also improved as a result of a higher utilization rate on rental assets where rental revenue increased by 283.6% and was $1,508,295 in the Current Six Month Period compared to $393,234 in the Previous Six Month Period.

Since there are more variable factors affecting gross profit margins in the Marine Technology Business, a table categorizing net revenues generated by this segment in the Current Six Month Period compared to the Previous Six Month Period is set out below:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Description** | **April 30, 2026**<br>**Products** | **April 30, 2025**<br>**Products** | **Percentage**<br>**Change** |
| Equipment Sales | $4035486 | $5054063 | (20.2)% |
| Equipment Rental | $1508295 | $393234 | 283.6% |
| Software Sales | $344044 | $348848 | (1.4)% |
| Services | $306770 | $357754 | (14.3)% |
| Total Net Revenues | $6194595 | $6153899 | 0.7% |

---

***Research and Development (R&D)***: R&D expenditures in the Current Six Month Period was $1,254,406 compared to the $1,233,121 in the Previous Six Month Period, representing an increase of 1.7%.

●  ***Defense Engineering Services Business*** 

During the Current Six Month Period, the Defense Engineering Services Business R&D expenditure increased by 139.0% and was $180,887 compared to $75,694 in the Previous Six Month Period. R&D expenditures in this segment are primarily focused on advancing the Thermite® Octal range of mission-computer products, with the strategic objectives of expanding and diversifying revenue opportunities and improving gross profit margins.

●  ***Acoustics and Materials Business (PAL)*** 

During the Current Six Month Periods ending April 30, 2026 and 2025, PAL incurred R&D expenditure of $220,576 and $186,230, respectively, an increase of 18.4%. R&D expenditure is incurred by this business in connection with investments it makes in developing its acoustic sensors, solutions and materials. A significant component of these expenditures comprises wages and salaries.

●  ***Marine Technology Business*** 

During the Current Six Month Period R&D expenditure in the Marine Technology Business decreased by 12.2% from $971,197 in the Previous Six Month Period to $852,943. R&D expenditures in this business are incurred to support ongoing investment in the development and enhancement of our products and solutions. A significant portion of these costs consists of wages and salaries for engineering and technical personnel. Continued investment in R&D remains essential to our strategy, as innovation is critical to maintaining the competitiveness and technological relevance of our offerings. The table below sets out the R&D expenditure for each segment for the periods presented: -

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Segment** | **April 30,**<br>**2026** | **April 30,**<br>**2025** | **Percentage**<br>**Change** |
| Marine Technology R&D Expenditure | $852943 | $971197 | (12.2)% |
| PAL R&D Expenditure | $220576 | $186230 | 18.4% |
| Defense Engineering Services R&D Expenditure | $180887 | $75694 | 139.0% |

---

***Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (SG&A)*:** SG&A expenses for the Current Six Month Period decreased by 1.1% and were $4,887,631 compared to $4,942,924 in the Previous Six Month Period. SG&A comprises both cash and non-cash components. The non-cash component was 15.3% or $750,101 of the total SG&A in the Current Six Month Period compared to 13.9% or $686,774 in the Previous Six Month Period. Non-cash charges comprise Depreciation, Amortization, Stock-based compensation and Exchange Rate Variance charge. Stock-based compensation in the Current Six Month Period was $13,285 compared to $166,383 in the Previous Six Month Period.

*Key Areas of SG&A Expenditure across the Group for the Current Six Month Period compared to the Previous Six Month Period are:*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Expenditure** | **April 30,**<br>**2026** | **April 30,**<br>**2025** | **Percentage**<br>**Change** |
| Wages and Salaries | $1905419 | $2062569 | (7.6)% |
| Legal and Professional Fees (including accounting, audit, tax and investor relations) | $901575 | $932078 | (3.3)% |
| Rent and operating lease | $26387 | $51930 | (49.2)% |
| Marketing (Excluding associated travel) | $176922 | $228379 | (22.5)% |
| Travel associated with marketing activities | $69940 | $52496 | 33.2% |
| Office costs | $423795 | $335056 | 26.5% |

---

*Wages and salaries* - In the Current Six Month Period decreased by 7.6% when compared to the Previous Six Month Period. This is primarily due to reduced headcount, reflecting ongoing inflationary pressures in the engineering labor market and resulting workforce instability, particularly within the Defense Engineering Services Business. This business experienced elevated staff turnover during the period, contributing to a 7.6% reduction in our consolidated wages and salaries. We expect wages and salaries to increase materially on a full-year basis in fiscal year 2026 compared to fiscal year 2025. We are currently operating with a reduced headcount and are actively recruiting to fill several vacant positions, including additions to our management team. Some of these hires may also result in incremental costs associated with our succession planning initiatives.

*Legal and Professional* - The decrease in in this category of expenditures in the Current Six Month Period reflects the timing of these expenses.

*Rent* – We own most of our business premises and therefore this category of expenditure is not material for our business. The rent obligations relate to our Copenhagen office space and the PAL building lease. This lease is classified as Right of Use (ROU) asset, and these costs are now reflected partly in our depreciation and amortization expenses and remaining ROU Interest expense is within rent and operating lease expenses

*Marketing and associated travel costs* - We incur marketing expenses in connection with the promotion of our products and services. These expenses include wages and salaries for our Digitalization Team, which is responsible for content creation and video production related to our technologies, as well as costs associated with participation in industry trade shows, technology demonstrations, and travel for marketing activities. Marketing expenses decreased in the Current Six Month Period by 22.5%, primarily reflecting the timing of marketing events and related expenditure. We expect marketing expenses for fiscal year 2026 to be generally consistent with the levels incurred in fiscal year 2025.

***Overhead related costs as a percentage of net revenue for Current Six Month Period, compared to the Previous Six Month Period***

General corporate administrative expenses in the Current Six Month Period were $980,463 or 7.2% of net revenues and $1,254,538 or 10.3% of net revenue in the Previous Six Month Period, respectively. The decrease in overhead costs is primarily attributable to the decrease in stock compensation expense which was $13,285 in the Current Six Month Period compared to $166,384 in the Previous Six Month Period. For more information on general corporate administrative expenses, please see Note 15 (Segment Analysis).

***Operating Income***: Our income from our operating activities in the Current Six Month Period was $2,803,046 as compared to $1,749,706 in the Previous Six Month Period which represents an increase of 60.2%. This is due to an increase in our consolidated net revenues, gross profit margins coupled with a small reduction in our total operating costs.

***Other Income***: In the Current Six Month Period we had "Total Other Income, net" of $517,379 compared to $450,764, representing an increase of 14.8% from the Previous Six Month Period. The significant components of within this category in the Current Six Month Period are interest earned on our certified deposit account which was $344,185 compared to $339,765 in the Previous Quarter; and gain on the sale of assets (our vessel) $133,674. See Note 7 (Composition of Certain Financial Statement Captions for more detailed analysis of this). We anticipate that the interest earned in these certified deposit accounts will be material in the future if interest rates remain at similar levels.

***Income before income taxes***: In the Current Six Month Period, we had pre-tax income of $3,320,425 as compared to $2,200,470 in the Previous Six Month Period, representing an increase of 50.9%. The increase in pre-tax income is due to the increase in our consolidated net revenue, gross profit and Total Other Income along with a marginal reduction in our total operating costs.

***Net Income:*** In the Current Six Month Period we had Net Income of $2,628,533 as compared to $1,821,737 in the Previous Six Month Period, representing an increase of 44.3%. In the Previous and Current Six Month Periods we recorded Current Tax Expense of $695,419 and $423,575, respectively, reflecting provision for income tax in the respective periods. We also recorded a Deferred Tax Benefit of $3,527 and $44,842 in the Previous and Current Six Month Periods ending April 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, which relates to the cancellation of stock awards. Our effective tax rate is subject to significant variation due to several factors including variability in our pre-tax income and/or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which such income or losses relate, the applicability of special tax regimes, changes in tax regulations, changes in our stock price, changes in our deferred tax assets and liabilities, their valuation and foreign currency gains (losses). The mix of jurisdictions and related income or losses also affects our tax liability for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI). In the Current Six Month Period, the U.S. subsidiaries generated 20.7% of our consolidated net revenue. In US we have a combined federal, state and GILTI provision of $159,894. The Company's UK subsidiaries have carryforward losses and R&D Tax credits which are applied to defray a percentage of our income tax liability. We have made provision of $486,145 for tax liability for the UK subsidiaries in our consolidated results for the Current Six Month Period and $49,380 for our Danish subsidiary where the corporation tax rate is 22%.

***Comprehensive Income****.* Comprehensive income for the Current Six-Month Period was $3,299,202, compared to $2,593,590 in the Previous Six-Month Period. Comprehensive income is influenced by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which affect both the translation of foreign-currency-denominated revenues and expenses, as well as the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities. These impacts generally represent non-cash gains or losses recognized during the reporting period. A significant portion of the Company's operations is based in the United Kingdom and Denmark; accordingly, a substantial share of our transactions is conducted in British Pounds and Danish Kroner and translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. Note 7 ("Property and equipment by geographic areas") provides additional context regarding the geographic distribution of our assets. In the Previous Six-Month Period, we recorded a $771,853 gain from foreign currency translation adjustments, compared to a $670,669 gain in the Current Six-Month Period. During the Current Six-Month Period, the U.S. dollar weakened against both the British Pound and the Danish Kroner, the functional currencies of our two foreign subsidiaries. Table 2 in the MD&A section titled "Inflation & Foreign Currency" illustrates the impact of these currency movements on our Income Statement and Balance Sheet for the Current Six-Month Period compared with the Previous Six-Month Period.

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

As of April 30, 2026, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $648,028, working capital of $47,727,460, cash of $30,624,337 and stockholders' equity of $61,414,232. For the six months ended April 30, 2026, the Company's operating activities provided $2,047,284 cash.

The Company entered into a $4,000,000 revolving line of credit with HSBC NA on November 27, 2019, at prime. The outstanding balance on the line of credit was $0 as of April 30, 2026. This revolving credit line is reviewed annually and discretionarily renewed by HSBC NA.

We believe our cash flow generated from operations and our cash and cash equivalents as well as our revolving line of credit will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the next twelve months. However, any projections of future cash flows are subject to substantial uncertainty.

**Inflation and Foreign Currency**

The Company and its subsidiaries maintain their accounting records in the functional currencies of their respective jurisdictions, as follows:

● **U.S. Dollars** – United States operations

● **British Pound** – United Kingdom operations

● **Danish Krone** – Danish operations

● **Australian Dollars** – Australian operations (currently dormant)

● **Indian Rupees** – Indian operations (currently dormant)

Our consolidated financial results therefore reflect the translation of these functional currencies into U.S. Dollars. See *Note 5 – Foreign Currency Translation* to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information on the exchange rates used for balance sheet and income statement translation.

Because our consolidated results include both U.S. and foreign operations, fluctuations in currency exchange rates can affect our reported sales, profitability, and financial position when the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars. We are also exposed to foreign currency risk on certain receivables and payables denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity involved, including cross-border transactions such as inventory purchases.

In general, our subsidiaries conduct most of their financial transactions in their respective functional currencies. However, from time to time, a subsidiary may enter into transactions denominated in a foreign currency—for example, purchasing inventory from an overseas supplier. In addition, we hold significant cash balances in foreign currencies, including British Pounds, Euros, and Danish Kroner. As a result, movements in exchange rates can impact our cash and cash equivalents, as well as our overall financial position. We cannot predict the extent to which future currency fluctuations may affect our business, and such fluctuations may adversely impact on our sales, profitability, and liquidity.

To provide additional transparency, we present information regarding the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates versus the U.S. Dollar on our net sales, operating expenses, operating income, and certain balance sheet items. This information illustrates how our results for the three- and six-month periods would have differed had foreign exchange rates remained consistent with those in the comparable prior-year periods.

Information for Indian Rupees is not presented separately due to the immaterial level of activity in that jurisdiction; however, INR impacts are included within the consolidated totals.

*Table 1: Three Months ended April 30, 2026*

 

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Based British Pounds | Based British Pounds | Based Danish Kroner | Based Danish Kroner | TOTAL USD | TOTAL USD | TOTAL USD |
|  | Actual<br>Results | Constant<br>Rates | Actual<br>Results | Constant<br>Rates | Actual<br>Results | Constant<br>Rates | \*Total<br>Effect |
|  | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) |
| Net Revenues | $4256571 | $4116863 | $794770 | $740946 | $5051341 | $4857809 | $193532 |
| Costs | $3434893 | $3322154 | $74650 | $69594 | $3516419 | $3398991 | $117428 |
| Net profit from operations | $821678 | $794709 | $720120 | $671352 | $1534922 | $1458818 | $76104 |
| Assets | $35182070 | $34321500 | $1738635 | $1722935 | $36930266 | $36054471 | $875795 |
| Liabilities | $(4611475) | $(4498676) | $(454926) | $(450818) | $(5079024) | $(4961970) | $(117054) |
| Net assets | $30570595 | $29822824 | $1283709 | $1272117 | $31851242 | $31092501 | $758741 |

---

As shown in the table above, the change in exchange rates between the Current Quarter and the Previous Quarter had a favorable impact on our results, increasing net income from operations by $76,104 and increasing net assets by $758,741 for the six-month period since October 31, 2025.

*Table 2: Six Months ended April 30, 2026*

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Based British Pounds | Based British Pounds | Based Danish Kroner | Based Danish Kroner | TOTAL USD | TOTAL USD | TOTAL USD |
|  | Actual<br>Results | Constant<br>Rates | Actual<br>Results | Constant<br>Rates | Actual<br>Results | Constant<br>Rates | \*Total<br>Effect |
|  | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) | ($) |
| Net Revenues | $9465017 | $8993323 | $1332721 | $1214893 | $10797738 | $10208216 | $589522 |
| Costs | $7189015 | $6830747 | $179683 | $163797 | $7383860 | $7007627 | $376233 |
| Net profit from operations | $2276002 | $2162576 | $1153038 | $1051096 | $3413878 | $3200589 | $213289 |
| Assets | $35182070 | $34321500 | $1738635 | $1722935 | $36930266 | $36054471 | $875795 |
| Liabilities | $(4611475) | $(4498676) | $(454926) | $(450818) | $(5079024) | $(4961970) | $(117054) |
| Net assets | $30570595 | $29822824 | $1283709 | $1272117 | $31851242 | $31092501 | $758741 |

---

As shown in the table above, the change in exchange rates between the Current Six Month and the Previous Six Month had a favorable impact on our results, increasing net income from operations by $213,289 and increasing net assets by $758,741 for the six-month period since October 31, 2025."

**Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements**

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

**Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk**

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

**Item 4. Controls and Procedures**

a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company's management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial (and principal accounting) Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of April 30, 2026. Based upon that evaluation the Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(b) Changes in Internal Controls.

There was no change in our internal controls over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting during the reporting period covered by this report.

**PART II - OTHER INFORMATION**

**Item 1. Legal Proceedings**

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

**Item 1A. Risks Factors**

Not required for smaller reporting companies

**Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds**

None

**Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities**

None.

**Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures**

Not Applicable.

**Item 5. Other Information**

**Item 6. Exhibits**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 31 | [Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)](ex31.htm) |
| 32 | [Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](ex32.htm) |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document. |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |

---

***SIGNATURES***

*Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.*

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Coda Octopus Group, Inc.** (Registrant) |
| Date: June 15, 2026 | */s/ Annmarie Gayle* |
|  | Annmarie Gayle |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |
| Date: June 15, 2026 | */s/ Gayle Jardine* |
|  | Gayle Jardine |
|  | Interim Chief Financial Officer |

---

## Ex-31

**Exhibit 31**

***CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER***

***Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002***

*I, Annmarie Gayle, certify that:*

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly
 Report on Form 10-Q of Coda Octopus Group, Inc. for the quarter ended April 30, 2026;

2. Based on my knowledge,
 this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
 made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
 report;

3. Based on my knowledge,
 the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
 condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's
 other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
 Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f)
 and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Designed such disclosure
 controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material
 information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,
 particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal
 control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,
 to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
 external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness
 of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
 of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report
 any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent
 fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is
 reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's
 other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,
 to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the
 equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) All significant deficiencies
 and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely
 affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not
 material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over
 financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: June 15, 2026 | By: | */s/ Annmarie Gayle* |
|  |  | Annmarie Gayle |
|  |  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

***CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER***

***Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002***

*I, Gayle Jardine, certify that:*

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly
 Report on Form 10-Q of Coda Octopus Group, Inc. for the quarter ended April 30, 2026;

2. Based on my knowledge,
 this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
 made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
 report;

3. Based on my knowledge,
 the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
 condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's
 other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
 Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f)
 and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Designed such disclosure
 controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material
 information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,
 particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal
 control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,
 to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
 external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness
 of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
 of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report
 any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent
 fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is
 reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's
 other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting,
 to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the
 equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) All significant deficiencies
 and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely
 affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not
 material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over
 financial reporting.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Date: June 15, 2026 | */s/ Gayle Jardine* |
|  | Gayle Jardine |
|  | Interim Chief Financial Officer |
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

## Ex-32

**Exhibit 32**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Coda Octopus Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), for the period ended April 30, 2026, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), we, Annmarie Gayle, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Gayle Jardine, Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies
 with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained
 in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: June 15, 2026

---

| |
|:---|
| */s/ Annmarie Gayle* |
| Annmarie Gayle<br> Chairman and Chief Executive Officer<br> (Principal Executive Officer) |
| */s/ Gayle Jardine* |
| Gayle Jardine<br> Interim Chief Financial Officer<br> (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---