# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000732026
**File Stem:** 0001437749-26-016914
**Filing Date:** 2026-5
**Character Count:** 167030
**Document Hash:** f36709fc0d88a00e02ef0ecf9bfc4fa1
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001437749-26-016914.hdr.sgml**: 20260514

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001437749-26-016914

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 110

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20260331

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260514

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260514

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000732026
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY, NEC [3559]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 06 Technology
- **EIN:** 952086631
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** CA
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 0630

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-14523
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26976431

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 16139 WYANDOTTE ST.
- **CITY:** VAN NUYS
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 91406
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 818-787-7000

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 16139 WYANDOTTE ST.
- **CITY:** VAN NUYS
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 91406

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** TRIO TECH INTERNATIONAL
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19920703

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? trt20260331_10q.htm

[<u>**Table of Contents**</u>](#toc)

**UNITED STATES** 

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2026

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from to

Commission File Number 1-14523

**TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL**

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **California** | **95-2086631** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification Number) |
| **Block 1008 Toa Payoh North** |  |
| **Unit 03-09 Singapore** | **318996** |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |

---

Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: **(65) 6265 3300**

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | Name of each exchange |
| <u>Title of each class</u> | <u>Trading Symbol</u> | <u>on which registered</u> |
| Common Stock, no par value | TRT | NYSE American |

---

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non--accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b--2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ |
| Non-Accelerated Filer  | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐ |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 1, 2026, there were 10,112,599 shares of the issuer's Common Stock, no par value, outstanding.

------

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL**

**INDEX TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION, OTHER INFORMATION AND SIGNATURE**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Page** |
| **Part I.** | [**Financial Information**](#pone) |  |
| Item 1. | [Financial Statements](#finstat) | [1](#finstat) |
|  | (a) [Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2026 (Unaudited), and June 30, 2025](#bals) | [1](#bals) |
|  | (b) [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income / (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026 (Unaudited), and March 31, 2025 (Unaudited)](#ops) | [2](#ops) |
|  | (c) [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026 (Unaudited), and March 31, 2025 (Unaudited)](#equity) | [4](#equity) |
|  | (d) [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026 (Unaudited), and March 31, 2025 (Unaudited)](#cash) | [5](#cash) |
|  | (e) [Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)](#notes) | [6](#notes) |
| Item 2. | [Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#mgmtdis) | [6](#mgmtdis) |
| Item 3. | [Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk](#quan) | [43](#quan) |
| Item 4. | [Controls and Procedures](#cont) | [43](#cont) |
| **Part II.** | [**Other Information**](#other) |  |
| Item 1. | [Legal Proceedings](#legal) | [44](#legal) |
| Item 1A. | [Risk Factors](#risk) | [44](#risk) |
| Item 2. | [Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#unreg) | [44](#unreg) |
| Item 3. | [Defaults upon Senior Securities](#default) | [44](#default) |
| Item 4. | [Mine Safety Disclosures](#mine) | [44](#mine) |
| Item 5. | [Other Information](#othinfo) | [44](#othinfo) |
| Item 6. | [Exhibits](#exs) | [44](#exs) |
| [**Signatures**](#sigs) | [**Signatures**](#sigs) | [45](#sigs) |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -i-

------

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**<u>FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</u>**

The discussions of Trio-Tech International's (the "Company") business and activities set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Quarterly Report") and in other past and future reports and announcements by the Company may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and assumptions regarding future activities and results of operations of the Company. In light of the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company: market acceptance of Company products and services; changing business conditions or technologies and volatility in the semiconductor industry, which could affect demand for the Company's products and services; the impact of competition; problems with technology; product development schedules; delivery schedules; changes in military or commercial testing specifications which could affect the market for the Company's products and services; difficulties in profitably integrating acquired businesses, if any, into the Company; or the divestiture in the future of one or more business segments; risks associated with conducting business internationally and especially in Asia, including currency fluctuations and devaluation, currency restrictions, local laws and restrictions and possible social, political and economic instability; changes in U.S. and global financial and equity markets, including market disruptions and significant interest rate fluctuations; the trade tension between U.S. and China; inflation; the war in Ukraine and Russia, the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas; other economic, financial and regulatory factors beyond the Company's control and uncertainties relating to our ability to operate our business in China; uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and the fact that rules and regulation in China can change quickly with little advance notice, along with the risk that the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operation at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could result in a material change in our operations, financial performance and/or the value of our common stock, no par value ("Common Stock"), or impair our ability to raise money. Other than statements of historical fact, all statements made in this Quarterly Report are forward-looking, including, but not limited to, statements regarding industry prospects, future results of operations or financial position, and statements of our intent, belief and current expectations about our strategic direction, prospective and future financial results and condition. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of terminology such as "may," "will," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "estimates," "potential," "believes," "can impact," "continue," or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that are inherently difficult to predict, which could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from our expectations, forecasts and assumptions.

Unless otherwise required by law, we undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events, changed circumstances, or the occurrence of unanticipated events. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

------

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

**ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**<u>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT NUMBER OF SHARES)</u>**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| **ASSETS** |  |  |
| CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $12970 | $10890 |
| Short-term deposits | 2558 | 5817 |
| Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for expected credit losses of $151 and $35, respectively | 13386 | 10804 |
| Other receivables | 511 | 608 |
| Inventories, less provision for obsolete inventories of $824 and $851, respectively | 2472 | 2262 |
| Prepaid expense and other current assets | 555 | 384 |
| Restricted term deposits | 821 | 816 |
| **Total current assets** | 33273 | 31581 |
| NON-CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |
| Deferred tax assets | 90 | 91 |
| Investment properties, net | 305 | 345 |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 5994 | 6021 |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 2870 | 864 |
| Other assets | 244 | 231 |
| Restricted term deposits | 1939 | 1935 |
| **Total non-current assets** | 11442 | 9487 |
| **TOTAL ASSETS** | $44715 | $41068 |
| **LIABILITIES** |  |  |
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |
| Lines of credit | $- | $141 |
| Accounts payable | 5698 | 1896 |
| Accrued expense | 2884 | 3036 |
| Contract liabilities | 92 | 250 |
| Income taxes payable | 154 | 122 |
| Current portion of bank loans payable | 260 | 256 |
| Current portion of finance leases | 1 | 43 |
| Current portion of operating leases | 766 | 540 |
| **Total current liabilities** | 9855 | 6284 |
| NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |
| Bank loans payable, net of current portion | 255 | 428 |
| Operating leases, net of current portion | 2104 | 324 |
| Deferred tax liabilities | 6 | 10 |
| Other non-current liabilities | 31 | 31 |
| **Total non-current liabilities** | 2396 | 793 |
| **TOTAL LIABILITIES** | $12251 | $7077 |
| **EQUITY** |  |  |
| TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: |  |  |
| Common stock, no par value, with 15,000,000 shares authorized; 8,962,909 and 8,625,610 shares issued as of March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively; and 8,960,166 and 8,625,460 shares outstanding as of those dates, respectively. | $14378 | $13490 |
| Paid-in capital | 6372 | 5979 |
| Treasury stock, at cost | (12) |  |
| Accumulated retained earnings | 11030 | 12037 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income-translation adjustments | 2557 | 2522 |
| **Total Trio-Tech International shareholders' equity** | 34325 | 34028 |
| Non-controlling interest | (1861) | (37) |
| **TOTAL EQUITY** | $32464 | $33991 |
| **TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY** | $44715 | $41068 |

---

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - 1 -

------

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME / (LOSS)**

**UNAUDITED (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT EARNINGS PER SHARE)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Three Months Ended* | *Three Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* |
|  | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* | *2026* | *2025* |
| **Revenue** |  |  |  |  |
| Semiconductor Back-end Solutions | $13079 | $5425 | $36888 | $18113 |
| Industrial Electronics | 3426 | 1950 | 10762 | 7665 |
| Others | 6 | 9 | 24 | 24 |
|  | 16511 | 7384 | 47674 | 25802 |
| **Cost of Sales** | 13957 | 5408 | 40036 | 19286 |
| Gross Margin | 2554 | 1976 | 7638 | 6516 |
| **Operating Expense:** |  |  |  |  |
| General and administrative | 2273 | 2067 | 6644 | 5996 |
| Selling | 263 | 216 | 633 | 542 |
| Research and development | 99 | 90 | 299 | 292 |
| Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  | (54) |  | (101) |
| **Total operating expense** | 2635 | 2319 | 7576 | 6729 |
| (Loss) / Income from Operations | (81) | (343) | 62 | (213) |
| **Other Income / (Expense)** |  |  |  |  |
| Interest expense | (11) | (10) | (41) | (36) |
| Other income / (expense), net | 188 | (144) | 610 | 177 |
| Government grant | 11 | 22 | 15 | 93 |
| **Total other income / (expense)** | 188 | (132) | 584 | 234 |
| Income / (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes | 107 | (475) | 646 | 21 |
| **Income Tax Expense** | (146) | (6) | (287) | (196) |
| (Loss) / Income from Continuing Operations before Non-controlling Interest, Net of Taxes | (39) | (481) | 359 | (175) |
| **Discontinued Operations** |  |  |  |  |
| Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | 2 | 5 | 60 | 5 |
| Net (Loss) / Income | (37) | (476) | 419 | (170) |
| Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest | 1 | 19 | 254 | 54 |
| Net (Loss) / Income Attributable to Common Shareholders | $(38) | $(495) | $165 | $(224) |
| **Amounts Attributable to Common Shareholders:** |  |  |  |  |
| (Loss) / Income from continuing operations, net of tax | (39) | (498) | 132 | (227) |
| Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | 1 | 3 | 33 | 3 |
| **Net (Loss) / Income Attributable to Common Shareholders** | $(38) | $(495) | $165 | $(224) |
| **Basic (Loss) / Earnings per Share:** |  |  |  |  |
| Basic (loss) / earnings per share from continuing operations | $(0.00) | $(0.06) | $0.02 | $(0.03) |
| Basic earnings from discontinued operations |  |  |  |  |
| **Basic (Loss) / Earnings per Share from Net Income** | $(0.00) | $(0.06) | $0.02 | $(0.03) |
| **Diluted (Loss) / Earnings per Share:** |  |  |  |  |
| Diluted (loss) / earnings per share from continuing operations | $(0.00) | $(0.06) | $0.02 | $(0.03) |
| Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations |  |  |  |  |
| **Diluted (Loss) / Earnings per Share from Net Income** | $(0.00) | $(0.06) | $0.02 | $(0.03) |
| **Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding <sup>(1)</sup>** |  |  |  |  |
| Basic | 8840 | 8545 | 8721 | 8516 |
| Dilutive effect of stock options | 908 | 206 | 554 | 226 |
| **Number of Shares Used to Compute Earnings Per Share Diluted** | 9748 | 8751 | 9275 | 8742 |

---

*(1)* *On January 5, 2026, the Company effected a two-for-one forward stock split of the Company's issued Common Stock. All share and per-share amounts included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the stock split.*

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - 2 -

------

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME**

**UNAUDITED (IN THOUSANDS)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Three Months Ended* | *Three Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* |
|  | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* | *2026* | *2025* |
| **Comprehensive (Loss) / Income Attributable to Common Shareholders:** |  |  |  |  |
| Net (loss) / income | $(37) | $(476) | $419 | $(170) |
| Foreign currency translation, net of tax | (21) | 522 | 374 | 742 |
| Comprehensive (Loss) / Income | (58) | 46 | 793 | 572 |
| Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest | 2 | 26 | 294 | 163 |
| Comprehensive (Loss) / Income Attributable to Common Shareholders | $(60) | $20 | $499 | $409 |

---

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - 3 -

------

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY**

**UNAUDITED (IN THOUSANDS)**

**<u>Nine months ended March 31, 2026</u>**

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Common Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Paid-in*** | ***Treasury*** | ***Retained*** | ***Comprehensive*** | ***controlling*** |  |
|  | ***Shares*** | ***Amount*** | ***Capital*** | ***Stock, at cost*** | ***Earnings*** | ***Income*** | ***Interest*** | ***Total*** |
|  |  | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ |
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | 4313 | 13490 | 5979 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Stock option expense | *-* |  | 393 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Exercise of stock option | 337 | 888 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net income | *-* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Stock split adjustment <sup>(1)</sup> | 4313 | *-* | *-* |  |  |  |  |  |
| Treasury stock, at cost | *-* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Acquisition of subsidiary without a change in control | *-* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividend declared by subsidiary | *-* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Translation adjustment | *-* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Balance at March 31, 2026 | 8963 | 14378 | 6372 |  |  |  |  |  |

---

*(1)* *On January 5, 2026, the Company effected a two-for-one forward stock split of the Company's issued Common Stock. All share and per-share amounts included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the stock split.*

**<u>Nine months ended March 31, 2025</u>**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  |  |  | ***Accumulated*** |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | ***Accumulated*** | ***Other*** | ***Non-*** |  |
|  | ***Common Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Paid-in*** | ***Retained*** | ***Comprehensive*** | ***controlling*** |  |
|  | ***Shares*** | ***Amount*** | ***Capital*** | ***Earnings*** | ***Income*** | ***Interest*** | ***Total*** |
|  |  | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ |
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | 4250 | 13325 | 5531 |  | 660 | 249 |  |
| Stock option expenses | *-* |  | 413 |  |  |  |  |
| Exercise of stock option | *126* | 165 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net (loss) / income | *-* |  |  |  |  | 54 |  |
| Stock split adjustment <sup>(1)</sup> | 4250 | *-* | *-* |  | *-* | *-* |  |
| Translation adjustment | *-* |  |  |  | 633 | 109 |  |
| Balance at March 31, 2025 | 8626 | 13490 | 5944 |  | 1293 | 412 |  |

---

*(1)* *On January 5, 2026, the Company effected a two-for-one forward stock split of the Company's issued Common Stock. All share and per-share amounts included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the stock split.*

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - 4 -

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES** 

**<u>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS</u> <u>(IN THOUSANDS)</u>**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Nine Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* |
|  | *March 31,* | *March 31,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| **Cash Flow from Operating Activities** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net income / (loss) | $419 | $(170) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow provided by operating activities |  |  |
| Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) / loss | (21) | 135 |
| Depreciation and amortization | 1611 | 2093 |
| Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  | (101) |
| (Reversal) / Provision for obsolete inventories, net | (23) | 122 |
| Stock compensation | 393 | 413 |
| Bad debt recovery | (7) | (61) |
| Allowance for expected credit losses | 158 | 62 |
| Accrued interest expense, net accrued interest income | 18 | (20) |
| Payment of interest portion of finance lease | (1) | (3) |
| Warranty expense, net | 12 | 2 |
| Reversal of income tax provision | (19) | (9) |
| Deferred tax expense | 8 | 20 |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisition effects |  |  |
| Trade accounts receivable | (2733) | 1697 |
| Other receivables | 97 | (344) |
| Other assets | (11) | 103 |
| Inventories | (199) | 853 |
| Prepaid expense and other current assets | (156) | 67 |
| Accounts payable, accrued expense and contract liabilities | 3377 | (2437) |
| Income taxes payable | 44 | (313) |
| Other non-current liabilities |  | 3 |
| Repayment of operating lease | (649) | (1077) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities** | $2318 | $1035 |
| **Cash Flow from Investing Activities** |  |  |
| Withdrawal from unrestricted term deposits, net | 3241 | 4901 |
| Investment in unrestricted term deposits, net | (400) | (4838) |
| Additions to property, plant and equipment | (876) | (408) |
| Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment |  | 246 |
| **Net Cash Provided by / (Used in) Investing Activities** | $1965 | $(99) |
| **Cash Flow from Financing Activities** |  |  |
| Payment on lines of credit | (1003) | (98) |
| Payment of bank loans | (219) | (208) |
| Payment of finance leases | (42) | (48) |
| Acquisition of non-controlling interest | (3503) |  |
| Repurchase of common stock | (12) |  |
| Proceeds from exercising stock options | 888 | 165 |
| Proceeds from lines of credit | 856 | 93 |
| **Net Cash Used in Financing Activities** | $(3035) | $(96) |
| Effect of Changes in Exchange Rate | $841 | $222 |
| Net Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | 2089 | 1062 |
| Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period | 13641 | 12556 |
| **Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period** | $15730 | $13618 |
| **Supplementary Information of Cash Flows** |  |  |
| Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
| Interest | $39 | $35 |
| Income taxes | $75 | $492 |
| **Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash** |  |  |
| **Cash** | 12970 | 11020 |
| **Restricted Term-Deposits in Current Assets** | 821 | 776 |
| **Restricted Term-Deposits in Non-Current Assets** | 1939 | 1822 |
| **Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Shown in Statements of Cash Flows** | $15730 | $13618 |

---

Restricted deposits represent the amount of cash pledged to secure loans payable or trade financing granted by financial institutions, serve as collateral for public utility agreements such as electricity and water, and performance bonds related to customs duty payable. Restricted deposits are classified as current and non-current depending on whether they relate to long-term or short-term obligations. Restricted deposits of $821 and $776 as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively are classified as current assets as they relate to short-term trade financing. On the other hand, restricted deposits of $1,939 and $1,822 as at March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively are classified as non-current assets as they relate to long-term obligations and will become unrestricted only upon discharge of the obligations.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - 5 -

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT EARNINGS PER SHARE AND NUMBER OF SHARES)**

***1.*** **ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION**

Trio-Tech International (the "Company", or "TTI") was incorporated in fiscal year ended *June 30, 1958* under the laws of the State of California. The Company has traditionally been a provider of reliability test equipment and services to the semiconductor and other industries. The Company provides comprehensive electrical, environmental, and burn-in testing services to semiconductor manufacturers in Asia. The Company designs and manufactures an extensive range of burn-in and reliability test equipment used in the "back-end" manufacturing processes of semiconductors. The Company also designs, manufactures and distributes an extensive range of test, process and other equipment used in the manufacturing processes of customers in various industries in the consumer and industrial market. In addition, the company provides a comprehensive range of parts, components, and engineered solutions serving the consumer, industrial, and aerospace markets.

TTI has subsidiaries in the U.S., Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Cayman Islands and China as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Ownership* | *Location* |
| Express Test Corporation (Dormant) | 100% | *Van Nuys, California* |
| Trio-Tech Reliability Services (Dormant) | 100% | *Van Nuys, California* |
| KTS Incorporated, dba Universal Systems (Dormant) | 100% | *Van Nuys, California* |
| European Electronic Test Centre (Dormant)^^ | 100% | *Cayman Islands* |
| Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd. | 100% | *Singapore* |
| Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd.\* | 100% | *Singapore* |
| Trio-Tech International (Thailand) Co. Ltd. \* | 100% | *Bangkok, Thailand* |
| Trio-Tech (Bangkok) Co. Ltd. \* | 100% | *Bangkok, Thailand* |
| Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. # \* | 100% | *Penang and Selangor, Malaysia* |
| Prestal Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. (76% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.) | 76% | *Selangor, Malaysia* |
| Trio-Tech (SIP) Co., Ltd. \* | 100% | *Suzhou, China* |
| Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co. Ltd. \* | 100% | *Chongqing, China* |
| SHI International Pte. Ltd. (Dormant) (55% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd)^ | 55% | *Singapore* |
| Trio-Tech (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. \* | 100% | *Tianjin, China* |
| Trio-Tech (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd. (100% owned by Trio-Tech (SIP) Co., Ltd.) | 100% | *Suzhou, China* |

---

\* 100% owned by Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd.

# On *September 17, 2025,* the Company and Lodestar Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. ("Lodestar") entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement ("Agreement") pursuant to which the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd (Singapore) ("Trio-Tech Singapore") agreed to acquire from Lodestar the remaining 50% of the total share capital of Trio-Tech (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. ("Trio-tech Malaysia") owned by Lodestar and *not* already owned by Trio-Tech Singapore (the "Acquisition"). The Company received the required approval from the Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry in Malaysia, and the Acquisition was consummated on *December 3, 2025.* The purchase price for the Acquisition was RM14,200, payable in cash, or approximately $3,503. Upon consummation of the Acquisition, the Company, through Trio-Tech Singapore, now owns *100%* of the share capital of Trio-Tech Malaysia.

^During the *second* quarter of fiscal *2026,* it was identified that PT SHI Indonesia, a dormant entity that was 95% owned by SHI International Pte Ltd has been dissolved and this dissolution did *not* have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

^^During the *third* quarter of fiscal *2026,* it was identified that dormant subsidiary, European Electronic Test Centre, had been dissolved, which had *no* material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *6* -

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The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form *10*-Q and Article *10* of Regulation S-*X.* All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do *not* include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report for the fiscal year ended *June 30, 2025* ("Fiscal *2025*"). The Company's operating results are presented based on the translation of foreign currencies using the respective quarter's average exchange rate.

On *July 1, 2025,* the Company's subsidiary Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. changed its functional currency from the Singapore Dollar to the U.S. Dollar ("USD"). Management concluded that significant economic facts and circumstances changed such that the new functional currency better reflects the subsidiary's operating environment. The change has been accounted for prospectively from *July 1, 2025.* Prior periods have *not* been restated. Non-monetary assets and liabilities at the date of change were translated at the rates as of that date, and translation gains/losses arising after that date are recognized in other comprehensive income.

The results of operations for the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026* are *not* necessarily indicative of the results that *may* be expected for any other interim period or for the full year ending *June 30, 2026*.

*Use of Estimates*. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expense during the reporting period. Among the more significant estimates included in these consolidated financial statements are the estimated allowance for credit losses on account receivables, reserve for obsolete inventory, impairments, provision of income tax, stock options and the deferred income tax asset allowance. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

*Significant Accounting Policies.* There have been *no* material changes to our significant accounting policies summarized in Note *1* "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to our consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form *10*-K for Fiscal *2025.* 

***2.*** **NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS**

In *December 2023,* the FASB issued ASU *2023*-*09,* Income Taxes (Topic *740*), *Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures*. The new guidance requires enhanced disclosures about income tax expense. This standard update is effective for Company beginning in the fiscal year ending *June 30, 2026.* Early adoption is permitted on a prospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on annual income tax disclosures.

In *November 2024,* the FASB released ASU *No. 2024*-*03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses*. This ASU's purpose is to improve the disclosures about a public business entity's expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. Early adoption is permitted. This standard update is effective for Company beginning in the fiscal year ending *June 30, 2028.*

In *July 2025,* the FASB issued ASU *2025*-*05,* Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic *326*), *Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets*. The new guidance allows companies to apply a practical expedient when estimating credit losses on current accounts receivable and contract assets. The standard update is effective for our annual and interim reports beginning in the *first* quarter of our fiscal year ending *June 30, 2027.* Early adoption is permitted for periods in which financial statements have *not* yet been issued or made ready for issuance. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In *December 2025,* the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU *2025-11,* Interim Reporting (Topic *270*): *Narrow-Scope Improvements*, which is intended to clarify the applicability of interim reporting guidance, the types of interim reporting and the form and content of interim GAAP financial statements. ASU *2025*-*11* will be effective for our fiscal year ending *June 30, 2028* and we are currently evaluating the impact it *may* have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In *December 2025,* the FASB also issued accounting standards update ("ASU") *No. 2025*-*10,* "Government Grants (Topic *832*): *Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities*" ("ASU *2025*-*10"*), which establishes guidance on the recognition, measurement, and presentation of government grants. The standard *may* be adopted using a full retrospective, modified retrospective, or modified prospective transition method. ASU *2025*-*10* is effective for the fiscal year ending *June 30, 2029,* and interim periods within that year, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

New pronouncements issued but *not* yet effective until after *March 31, 2026*, are *not* expected to have a significant effect on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *7* -

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***3.*** **TERM DEPOSITS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| Short-term deposits | $2987 | $5571 |
| Currency translation effect on short-term deposits | (429) | 246 |
| **Total short-term deposits** | $2558 | $5817 |
| Restricted term deposits - Current | 830 | 768 |
| Currency translation effect on restricted term deposits | (9) | 48 |
| **Total restricted term deposits - Current** | $821 | $816 |
| Restricted term deposits – Non-current | 1948 | 1797 |
| Currency translation effect on restricted term deposits | (9) | 138 |
| **Total restricted term deposits - Non-current** | $1939 | $1935 |
| Total term deposits | $5318 | $8568 |

---

Restricted deposits represent the amount of cash pledged to secure loans payable or trade financing granted by financial institutions, serve as collateral for public utility agreements such as electricity and water, and performance bonds related to customs duty payable. Restricted deposits are classified as current and non-current depending on whether they relate to long-term or short-term obligations. Restricted deposits of $821 and $816 as at *March 31, 2026* and *June 30, 2025*, respectively are classified as current assets as they relate to short-term trade financing. On the other hand, restricted deposits of $1,939 and $1,935 as at *March 31, 2026* and *June 30, 2025*, respectively are classified as non-current assets as they relate to long-term obligations and will become unrestricted only upon discharge of the obligations.

***4.*** **TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR EXPECTED CREDIT LOSSES**

Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers' financial conditions, and although management generally does *not* require collateral, letters of credit *may* be required from the customers in certain circumstances.

The allowance for trade receivable represents management's expected credit losses in our trade receivables as of the date of the financial statements. The allowance provides for probable losses that have been identified with specific customer relationships and for probable losses believed to be inherent in the trade receivables, but that have *not* been specifically identified.

The following table represents the changes in the allowance for expected credit losses:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| Beginning | $35 | $209 |
| Additions charged to expense | 158 | 62 |
| Recovered | (7) | (61) |
| Written off | (35) | (178) |
| Currency translation effect |  | 3 |
| Ending | $151 | $35 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *8* -

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***5.*** **LOANS RECEIVABLE FROM PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS**

The following table presents Trio-Tech (Chongqing) Co. Ltd ("TTCQ")'s loan receivables from property development projects in China as of *March 31, 2026*.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Loan Expiry*** | ***Loan Amount*** | ***Loan Amount*** |
|  | ***Date*** | ***(RMB)*** | ***(U.S. Dollars)*** |
| **Short-term loan receivables** |  |  |  |
| JiangHuai (Project – Yu Jin Jiang An) | *May 31, 2013* | 2000 | 289 |
| *Less: allowance for expected credit losses* | *Less: allowance for expected credit losses* | (2000) | (289) |
| *Net loan receivables from property development projects* | *Net loan receivables from property development projects* |  |  |

---

The short-term loan receivables amounting to renminbi ("RMB") 2,000, or approximately $289 arose due to TTCQ entering into a Memorandum Agreement with JiangHuai Property Development Co. Ltd. ("JiangHuai") to invest in their property development projects (Project - Yu Jin Jiang An) located in Chongqing City, China in the fiscal year ended *June 30, 2011 (*"Fiscal *2011"*). Based on the Company's financial policy, an allowance for expected credit losses of $289 on the investment in JiangHuai was recorded during the fiscal year ended *June 30, 2014 (*"Fiscal *2014"*). TTCQ did *not* generate other income from JiangHuai for the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* and *2025*. TTCQ is in the legal process of recovering the outstanding amount of approximately $289.

***6.*** **INVENTORIES**

Inventories consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| Raw materials | $1390 | $1438 |
| Work in progress | 1229 | 658 |
| Finished goods | 693 | 838 |
| Less: provision for obsolete inventories | (824) | (851) |
| Currency translation effect | (16) | 179 |
|  | $2472 | $2262 |

---

The following table represents the changes in provision for obsolete inventories:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| Beginning | $851 | $679 |
| (Reversal) / Additions charged to expense | (23) | 160 |
| Usage – disposition |  | (10) |
| Currency translation effect | (4) | 22 |
| Ending | $824 | $851 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *9* -

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***7.*** **INVESTMENT PROPERTIES**

The following table presents the Company's investment in properties in China as of *March 31, 2026*. The exchange rate is based on the market rate as of *March 31, 2026*.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| **Property I – MaoYe Property** |  |  |
| Cost | $301 | $301 |
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (261) | (250) |
| Currency translation effect | (10) | (11) |
|  | $30 | $40 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| **Property II – JiangHuai Property** |  |  |
| Cost | $137 | $137 |
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (45) | (25) |
| Currency translation effect | 6 | 1 |
|  | $98 | $113 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| **Property III – FuLi Property** |  |  |
| Cost | $648 | $648 |
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (403) | (382) |
| Currency translation effect | (68) | (74) |
|  | $177 | $192 |

---

**Rental Property I** – **MaoYe Property**

MaoYe Property generated a rental income of $nil and $9 during the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as compared to $6 and $19 for the same period on Fiscal *2025.*

A lease agreement was entered into on *April 15, 2026* for a period of *2* years at a monthly rate of RMB12, or approximately $2.

Depreciation expense for MaoYe Property was $3 and $11 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as compared to $3 and $10 for the same period in Fiscal *2025.*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *10* -

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**Rental Property II** – **JiangHuai**

JiangHuai Property generated rental income of $1 and $3 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*. It did *not* generate any rental income for the same period in Fiscal *2 025.* On *January 1, 2025,* the Company entered into a *three*-year lease agreement with a monthly rental payment of RMB2, or approximately $0.3. On *September 17, 2025,* the Company entered into another *one*-year lease with a monthly rental of RMB2, or approximately $0.3. Additionally, on *October 30, 2025,* the Company executed *three* separate lease agreements with terms of *three* years each and a monthly rental of RMB2, or approximately $0.3; The Company had *not* started collecting rental revenue under the *October* lease agreements due to the pending completion of utility connections.

Depreciation expense for JiangHuai was $8 and $20 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as compared to $7 and $20 for the same period in Fiscal *2025.*

**Rental Property III** – **FuLi**

FuLi Property generated a rental income of $4 and $10 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as compared to $3 and $6 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2025*.

A lease agreement was entered into *October 10, 2024* for a period of *4* years at a monthly rate of RMB9, or approximately $1. Pursuant to the agreement, monthly rental will increase by *5%* after the *second* year.

Depreciation expense for FuLi was $7 and $21 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as compared to $7 and $21 for the same period in Fiscal *2025.*

**Summary**

Total rental income for all investment properties in China was $5 and $22 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as compared to $9 and $25 for the same period in Fiscal *2025.*

Depreciation expense for all investment properties in China was $18 and $52 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as compared to $17 and $51 for the same period in Fiscal *2025.*

***8.*** **OTHER ASSETS**

Other assets consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| Deposits for rental and utilities and others | $242 | $219 |
| Downpayment for purchase of investment properties\* | 1580 | 1580 |
| Less: provision for impairment | (1580) | (1580) |
| Currency translation effect | 2 | 12 |
| **Total** | $244 | $231 |

---

\*Down payment for purchase of investment properties included downpayment relating to shop lots in Singapore Themed Resort Project in Chongqing, China. The shop lots are to be delivered to TTCQ upon completion of construction. The initial targeted date of completion was in Fiscal *2017.* However, progress has stalled because the developer is currently reorganizing assets and renegotiating with the creditors to complete the project.

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During the *fourth* quarter of Fiscal *2021,* the Company accrued an impairment charge of $1,580 related to the doubtful recovery of the down payment on property in the Singapore Themed Resort Project in Chongqing, China. The Company elected to take this non-cash impairment charge due to increased uncertainties regarding the project's viability, given the developers' weakening financial condition as well as uncertainties arising from the negative real-estate environment in China, implementation of control measures on real-estate lending in China and its relevant government policies. There have been *no* changes in circumstances since the impairment was recorded.

***9.*** **LINES OF CREDIT**

The carrying value of the Company's lines of credit approximates its fair value because the interest rates associated with the lines of credit are adjustable in accordance with market situations when the Company borrowed funds with similar terms and remaining maturities.

The Company's credit rating provides it with ready and adequate access to funds in global markets.

As of *March 31, 2026*, the Company had certain lines of credit that are collateralized by restricted deposits.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Entity with | *Type of* | *Interest* | *Credit* | *Unused* |
| Facility | *Facility* | *Rate* | *Limitation* | *Credit* |
| Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., Singapore | *Lines of Credit* | Cost of Funds Rate +1.25% | $4105 | $3846 |
| Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. | *Lines of Credit* | Cost of Funds Rate +1.25% | $1946 | $1908 |
| Trio-Tech Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. | *Revolving credit* | Cost of Funds Rate +2% | $370 | $370 |

---

As of *June 30, 2025*, the Company had certain lines of credit that are collateralized by restricted deposits.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Entity with | *Type of* | *Interest* | *Credit* | *Unused* |
| Facility | *Facility* | *Rate* | *Limitation* | *Credit* |
| Trio-Tech International Pte. Ltd., Singapore | *Lines of Credit* | Cost of Funds Rate +1.25% | $4155 | $3856 |
| Universal (Far East) Pte. Ltd. | *Lines of Credit* | Cost of Funds Rate +1.25% | $1960 | $1864 |
| Trio-Tech Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. | *Revolving credit* | Cost of Funds Rate +2% | $354 | $354 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *12* -

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***10.*** **ACCRUED EXPENSE**

Accrued expense consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| Payroll and related costs | $1300 | $1040 |
| Commissions | 234 | 155 |
| Legal and audit | 322 | 302 |
| Sales tax and withholding tax | 66 | 61 |
| Sales rebate | 16 | 46 |
| Travel expense | 20 | 24 |
| Utilities | 105 | 95 |
| Warranty | 17 | 17 |
| Accrued purchase | 72 | 339 |
| Provision for reinstatement | 581 | 555 |
| Other accrued expense | 87 | 122 |
| Dividend payable | 44 | 3 |
| Acquisition of subsidiary shares from non-controlling interest |  | 141 |
| Currency translation effect | 20 | 136 |
| **Total** | $2884 | $3036 |

---

***11.*** **ASSURANCE WARRANTY ACCRUAL**

The Company provides for the estimated costs that *may* be incurred under its warranty program at the time the sale is recorded. The warranty period of the products manufactured by the Company is generally *one* year or the warranty period agreed upon with the customer. The Company estimates the warranty costs based on the historical rates of warranty returns. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| Beginning | $17 | $27 |
| Additions charged to cost and expense | 12 | 4 |
| Utilization | (12) | (15) |
| Currency translation effect |  | 1 |
| **Ending** | $17 | $17 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *13* -

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***12.*** **BANK LOANS PAYABLE**

Bank loans payable consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| Note payable denominated in the Malaysian Ringgit for expansion plans in Malaysia, maturing in July 2028, bearing interest at the bank's prime rate less 2.00% (4.85% for both March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025) per annum, with monthly payments of principal plus interest through July 2028, collateralized by the acquired building with a carrying value of $2,430 and $2,351, as at March 31, 2026 and June 30, 2025, respectively. | $409 | $508 |
| Financing arrangement at fixed interest rate 3.2% per annum, with monthly payments of principal plus interest through July 2025. |  | 4 |
| Financing arrangement at fixed interest rate 3.0% per annum, with monthly payments of principal plus interest through December 2026. | 45 | 85 |
| Financing arrangement at fixed interest rate 3.0% per annum, with monthly payments of principal plus interest through August 2027. | 61 | 87 |
| **Total bank loans payable** | $515 | $684 |
| Current portion of bank loans payable | 247 | 225 |
| Currency translation effect on current portion of bank loans | 13 | 31 |
| **Current portion of bank loans payable** | $260 | $256 |
| Long-term portion of bank loans payable | 240 | 368 |
| Currency translation effect on long-term portion of bank loans | 15 | 60 |
| **Long-term portion of bank loans payable** | $255 | $428 |

---

Future minimum payments (excluding interest) as at *March 31, 2026*, were as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Remainder of Fiscal 2026 | $68 |
| 2027 | 247 |
| 2028 | 189 |
| Thereafter | 11 |
| **Total obligations and commitments** | $515 |

---

Future minimum payments (excluding interest) as at *June 30, 2025*, were as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 2026 | $256 |
| 2027 | 236 |
| 2028 | 181 |
| Thereafter | 11 |
| **Total obligations and commitments** | $684 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *14* -

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***13.*** **COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES**

The Company has capital commitments for capital expenditures amounting to $30 as at *March 31, 2026*, as compared to capital commitment of $16 as at *June 30, 2025*.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deposits with banks are *not* fully insured by the local government or agency and are consequently exposed to risk of loss. The Company believes that the probability of bank failure, causing loss to the Company, is remote.

During the *third* quarter of fiscal year *2026,* the Company's Malaysia subsidiary entered into a *one*-year customs bond arrangement totaling MYR10 million or approximately $2,470. This bond serves as a financial guarantee for the payment of duties and taxes in the event of any violation of temporary import or controlled schemes. As of the reporting date, management does *not* expect any material liabilities to arise from this arrangement.

The Company is, from time to time, the subject of litigation claims and assessments arising out of matters occurring in its normal business operations. In the opinion of management, resolution of these matters will *not* have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

***14.*** **BUSINESS SEGMENTS**

ASC Topic *280, Segment Reporting*, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of a reporting entity, the operating results of which are reviewed regularly by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") to make decisions about resource allocation and to assess performance. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer.

Our operating businesses are organized based on the nature of markets. The SBS segment comprises our core semiconductor back-end equipment manufacturing and testing operations that serve the semiconductor industry. Our value-added distribution business, along with our services and equipment manufacturing operations that serve various industries are being reported together in our IE segment. A detailed description of our operating segments as of *March 31, 2026* can be found in the overview section of Item 2 of this Quarterly Report, entitled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". A mapping of our previous presentation and the new segments is presented below:

● Manufacturing – Manufacturing of equipment that solely serves the back-end processes of the semiconductor industry is presented under the SBS segment, and manufacturing of equipment that serves various industries is presented under the IE segment.

● Testing Services – Testing services are presented under the SBS segment.

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● Distribution – Value-added distribution of burn-in test related equipment is presented under the SBS segment, and value-added distribution of other electronic products is presented under the IE segment.

● Real estate – Real-estate segment relates to real estate investments made in ChongQing, China. When identifying reportable segments, management evaluates the contribution of each segment to the overall business strategy and whether the segment reported provides meaningful information to users about the Company's performance and prospects. Revenue from the real-estate segment has been below *1%* of total revenue in the past *five* fiscal years due to the negative real-estate environment in China.

Our CODM uses total revenue, gross profit, operating income and total assets in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Segment operating income includes corporate allocations. Segment revenue includes sales of equipment and services by our segments. Total intersegment sales were $1 and $3 in the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* and *March 31, 2025* respectively. Certain corporate costs, including those related to legal, information technology, human resources and shared services are allocated to our segments based on their relative revenue, manpower costs and fixed assets.

The amounts related to revenue and earnings presented as Others include the results of an immaterial real estate business and includes certain costs incurred at the corporate-level, including the cost of our stock compensation plans *not* allocated to our reportable segments. Assets presented under the Others segment consisted primarily of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expense and investment properties.

The cost of equipment, current year investment in new equipment and depreciation expense is allocated into respective reportable segments based on the primary purpose for which the equipment was acquired.

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Nine Months* |  | *Gross* | *Operating* |  |  |  |
|  | *Ended* | *Net* | *Profit /* | *Income /* | *Total* | *Depr. and* | *Capital* |
|  | *March 31,* | *Revenue* | *(Loss)* | *(Loss)* | *Assets* | *Amort.* | *Expenditures* |
| Semiconductor Back-end Solutions | *2026* | $36888 | $5460 | $407 | $30433 | $1357 | $828 |
|  | *2025* | $18113 | $4972 | $271 | $25508 | $1872 | $352 |
| Industrial Electronics | *2026* | 10762 | 2206 | 226 | 6451 | 201 | 48 |
|  | *2025* | 7665 | 1572 | (30) | 5915 | 170 | 56 |
| Others | *2026* | 24 | (28) | (571) | 7831 | 53 |  |
|  | *2025* | 24 | (28) | (454) | 8536 | 51 |  |
| Total Company | *2026* | $47674 | $7638 | $62 | $44715 | $1611 | $876 |
|  | *2025* | $25802 | $6516 | $(213) | $39959 | $2093 | $408 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *16* -

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The following segment information is unaudited for the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026*, and *March 31, 2025*:

**Business Segment Information:** 

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Three Months* |  | *Gross* | *Operating* |  |  |  |
|  | *Ended* | *Net* | *Profit /* | *Income /* | *Total* | *Depr. and* | *Capital* |
|  | *March 31,* | *Revenue* | *(Loss)* | *(Loss)* | *Assets* | *Amort.* | *Expenditures* |
| Semiconductor Back-end Solutions | *2026* | $13079 | $1973 | $319 | $30433 | $539 | $528 |
|  | *2025* | $5425 | $1436 | $(3) | $25508 | $597 | $100 |
| Industrial Electronics | *2026* | 3426 | 593 | 10 | 6451 | 81 | 16 |
|  | *2025* | 1950 | 548 |  | 5915 | 57 | 56 |
| Others | *2026* | 6 | (12) | (410) | 7831 | 18 |  |
|  | *2025* | 9 | (8) | (340) | 8536 | 17 |  |
| Total Company | *2026* | $16511 | $2554 | $(81) | $44715 | $638 | $544 |
|  | *2025* | $7384 | $1976 | $(343) | $39959 | $671 | $156 |

---

Management periodically evaluates the ongoing contributions of each of its business segments to its current and future revenue and prospects. As a result, it *may* divest *one* or more business segments in the future to enable management to concentrate on segments where it anticipates opportunities for future revenue growth, thereby maximizing shareholder value.

***15.*** **OTHER INCOME / (EXPENSE)**

Other income / (expense) consisted of the following:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Three Months Ended* | *Three Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* |
|  | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| Interest income | $57 | $74 | $194 | $257 |
| Other rental income | 31 | 29 | 91 | 109 |
| Exchange loss | (63) | (251) | (53) | (207) |
| Dividend income ^ | 177 |  | 371 |  |
| Other miscellaneous (expense) / income | (14) | 4 | 7 | 18 |
| **Total** | $188 | $(144) | $610 | $177 |

---

^ During the financial period, dividend income was received by Prestal Sdn. Bhd., *one* of the Company's subsidiaries, from an investment in unquoted shares.

***16.*** **GOVERNMENT GRANTS**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Three Months Ended* | *Three Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* |
|  | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| Government grant | $11 | $22 | $15 | $93 |

---

In the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026*, the Company receive government grants amounting to $11, wholly from the Singapore government for local resident recruitment. In comparison, during the same period in Fiscal *2025*, the Company received government grants amounting to $22, $19 consisting of an incentive from the Singapore government for local resident recruitment, and $3 related to a capital expenditure subsidy received from the government in China.

In the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, the Company received government grants amounting to $15, $13 consisting of financial assistance received from the Singapore government for local resident recruitment, and the remaining $2, which was related to a capital expenditure subsidy received from the government in China. During the same period in Fiscal *2025,* the Company received government grants amounting to $93, $81 of which was financial assistance received from the Singapore government for local resident recruitment, and the remaining $12, which was related to a capital expenditure subsidy received from the government in China.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *17* -

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***17.*** **INCOME TAX**

The provision for income taxes has been determined based upon the tax laws and rates in the countries in which we operate. The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles and complex tax laws.

Due to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Company is subject to a tax on global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI"). GILTI is a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. Companies subject to GILTI have the option to account for the GILTI tax as a period cost if and when incurred, or to recognize deferred taxes for temporary differences including outside basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI. The Company has elected to account for GILTI as a period cost. GILTI expense was $32 and $nil for the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026* and *2025*, respectively. The GILTI expense recorded during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026* primarily related to the finalization of the Company's fiscal year *2025* tax provision, resulting in an under provision adjustment recorded in the current period.

The Company's income tax expense was $146 and $287 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as compared to $6 and $196 for the same period in Fiscal *2025*. Income tax expense increased due to GILTI expenses and withholding taxes. Our effective tax rate ("ETR") from continuing operations was 44.4% and 933.3% for the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026* and *March 31, 2025*, respectively. ETR was higher for the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2025,* due to lower deferred tax assets in our Singapore operation, driven by lower provisions, which reduced the deductible temporary differences.

The Company accrues penalties and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits when necessary, as a component of penalties and interest expense, respectively. The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits or related accrued penalties or interest expense at *March 31, 2026* and *March 31, 2025*, respectively.

In assessing the ability to realize the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than *not* that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will *not* be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based on these criteria, management believes it is more likely than *not* the Company will *not* realize all of the benefits of the federal, state, and foreign deductible differences. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established against portion of the deferred tax assets recorded in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions.

***18.*** **REVENUE**

The Company generates revenue primarily from two segments: Semiconductor Back-end Solutions ("SBS") and Industrial Electronics ("IE"). The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when there is approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company's revenues are measured based on consideration stipulated in the arrangement with each customer, net of any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of *third* parties, such as sales taxes. The revenues are recognized as separate performance obligations that are satisfied by transferring control of the product or service to the customer.

**Significant Judgments**

The Company's arrangements with its customers include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. A product or service is considered distinct if it is separately identifiable from other deliverables in the arrangement and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *18* -

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The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis ("SSP"). Determining the SSP for each distinct performance obligation and allocation of consideration from an arrangement to the individual performance obligations and the appropriate timing of revenue recognition are significant judgments with respect to these arrangements. The Company typically establishes the SSP based on observable prices of products or services sold separately in comparable circumstances to similar clients. The Company *may* estimate SSP by considering internal costs, profit objectives and pricing practices in certain circumstances.

Warranties, discounts and allowances are estimated using historical and recent data trends. The Company includes estimates in the transaction price only to the extent that a significant reversal of revenue is *not* probable in subsequent periods. The Company's products and services are generally *not* sold with a right of return, nor has the Company experienced significant returns from or refunds to its customers.

**Products**

The Company derives SBS segment revenue from the sale of burn-in and reliability test equipment used in the "back-end" manufacturing processes of semiconductors. Our equipment includes burn-in systems, burn-in boards and related equipment that is used in the testing of structural integrity of integrated circuits.

Under the IE segment, the Company designs, manufactures and distributes an extensive range of test, process and other equipment used in the manufacturing processes of customers in various industries in the consumer and industrial market. The Company also acts as a design-in reseller of a wide range of camera module, LCD displays and touch screen panels.

The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation by transferring control of the product to the customer. The Company uses judgment to evaluate whether the control has transferred by considering several indicators, including whether:

● the Company has a present right to payment;

● the customer has legal title;

● the customer has physical possession;

● the customer has significant risk and rewards of ownership; and

● the customer has accepted the product, or whether customer acceptance is considered a formality based on history of acceptance of similar products (for example, when the customer has previously accepted the same equipment, with the same specifications, and when we can objectively demonstrate that the tool meets all the required acceptance criteria, and when the installation of the system is deemed perfunctory).

*Not* all indicators need to be met for the Company to conclude that control has transferred to the customer. In circumstances in which revenue is recognized prior to the product acceptance, the portion of revenue associated with its performance obligations of product installation and training services are deferred and recognized upon acceptance.

Majority of equipment sales include a *12*-month warranty. The Company generally provides a limited warranty that our products comply with applicable specifications at the time of delivery. Under our standard terms and conditions of sale, liability for certain failures of product during a stated warranty period is usually limited to repair or replacement of defective parts. The Company has concluded that the warranty provided for standard products are assurance type warranties and are *not* separate performance obligations.

Customized products are generally more complex and, as a result, *may* contain unforeseen faults that could lead to additional costs for us, including increased servicing or the need to provide product modifications. Warranty provided for customized products are service warranties and are separate performance obligations. Transaction prices are allocated to this performance obligation using cost plus method. The portion of revenue associated with warranty service is deferred and recognized as revenue over the warranty period, as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of warranty services provided by the Company.

Product sales were $5,300 and $16,488 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as compared $3,812 to $13,765 and for the same period in Fiscal *2025.*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *19* -

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**Services**

The Company renders testing services to manufacturers and purchasers of semiconductors and other entities who either lack testing capabilities or whose in-house screening facilities are insufficient. The Company primarily derives services revenue from burn-in test services, manpower supply and other associated services and also from equipment maintenance. SSP is directly observable from the sales orders. Revenue is allocated to performance obligations satisfied at a point in time depending upon terms of the sales order. Generally, there is *no* other performance obligation other than what has been stated inside the sales order for each of these sales.

Terms of contract that *may* indicate potential variable consideration include warranty, late delivery penalty and reimbursement to solve non-conformance issues for rejected products. Based on historical and recent data trends, it is concluded that these terms of the contract do *not* represent potential variable consideration. The transaction price is *not* contingent on the occurrence of any future event.

Service sales were $11,205 and $31,162 for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as compared to $3,563 and $12,013 for the same period in Fiscal *2025.*

**Contract Balances**

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and collections *may* result in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, contract assets, customer advances, deposits and contract liabilities. The Company's payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment of *70%* to *90%* of total contract consideration within *30* to *60* days of shipment with the remainder payable within *30* days of acceptance. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined that its contracts generally do *not* include a significant financing component.

The following table is the reconciliation of contract balances.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| Trade Accounts Receivable | $13386 | $10804 |
| Accounts Payable | 5698 | 1896 |
| Contract Liabilities | 92 | 250 |

---

**Contract Liabilities**

Revenue recognized during the period that was included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period was $231.

**Remaining Performance Obligation**

The Company had $2 and $nil remaining performance obligations, which represents our obligation to deliver products and services for both periods ended *March 31, 2026* and *March 31, 2025*, respectively.

***19.*** **EARNINGS PER SHARE**

Options to purchase 1,666,926 shares of Common Stock at exercise prices ranging from $2.25 to $6.92 per share were outstanding as of *March 31, 2026*. no stock options were excluded in the computation of diluted earnings per share ("EPS") for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, as all such options were dilutive.

Options to purchase 1,638,500 shares of Common Stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.87 to $3.88 per share were outstanding as of *March 31, 2025*. 281,412 stock options were excluded in the computation of EPS for the *three* and *nine* months ended *March 31, 2025*, because they were anti-dilutive.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *20* -

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The following table is a reconciliation of the weighted average shares used in the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the period presented herein:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Three Months Ended* | *Three Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* |
|  | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| (Loss) / Income attributable to Trio-Tech International common shareholders from continuing operations, net of tax | $(39) | $(498) | $132 | $(227) |
| Income attributable to Trio-Tech International common shareholders from discontinued operations, net of tax | 1 | 3 | 33 | 3 |
| **Net (Loss) / Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders** | $(38) | $(495) | $165 | $(224) |
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic | 8840 | 8545 | 8721 | 8516 |
| Dilutive effect of stock options | 908 | 206 | 554 | 226 |
| Number of shares used to compute earnings per share - diluted | 9748 | 8751 | 9275 | 8742 |
| Basic (loss) / earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to Trio-Tech International | $(0.00) | $(0.06) | $0.02 | $(0.03) |
| Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations attributable to Trio-Tech International |  |  |  |  |
| **Basic (Loss) / Earnings per Share from Net Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International** | $(0.00) | $(0.06) | $0.02 | $(0.03) |
| Diluted (loss) / earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to Trio-Tech International | $(0.00) | $(0.06) | $0.02 | $(0.03) |
| Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations attributable to Trio-Tech International |  |  |  |  |
| **Diluted (Loss) / Earnings per Share from Net Income Attributable to Trio-Tech International** | $(0.00) | $(0.06) | $0.02 | $(0.03) |

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***20.*** **STOCK OPTIONS**

On *September 14, 2017,* the Company's Board of Directors unanimously adopted the *2017* Employee Stock Option Plan (the *"2017* Employee Plan") and the *2017* Directors Equity Incentive Plan (the *"2017* Directors Plan") each of which was approved by the shareholders on *December 4, 2017.*

**Assumptions**

The fair value for the stock options granted to both employees and directors was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, assuming:

● An expected life varying from 2.50 to 3.25 years, calculated in accordance with the guidance provided in SEC Staff bulletin *No. 110* for plain vanilla options using the simplified method, since the Company does *not* have sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term;

● A risk-free interest rate varying from 3.59% to 4.59% (*2025:* 0.11% to 4.59%);

● No expected dividend payments; and

● Expected volatility of 46.7% to 72.2% (*2025:* 46.7% to 73.9%).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *21* -

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***<u>*2017* Employee Stock Option Plan</u>***

The Company's *2017* Employee Plan permits the grant of stock options to its employees covering up to an aggregate of 600,000 shares of Common Stock. In *December 2021,* the Company's Board of Directors approved an amendment to the *2017* Employee Plan to increase the shares covered thereby from 600,000 shares to an aggregate of 1,200,000 shares, which amendment was approved by the Company's shareholders at the annual meeting held in *December 2021.*

Under the *2017* Employee Plan, all options must be granted with an exercise price of *no* less than fair value as of the grant date and the options granted must be exercisable within a maximum of ten years after the date of grant, or such lesser period of time as is set forth in the stock option agreements. The options *may* be exercisable (a) immediately as of the effective date of the stock option agreement granting the option, or (b) in accordance with a schedule related to the date of the grant of the option, the date of *first* employment, or such other date as *may* be set by the Compensation Committee. Generally, options granted under the *2017* Employee Plan are exercisable within five years after the date of grant and vest over the period as follows: 25% vesting on the grant date and the remaining balance vesting in equal installments on the next *three* succeeding anniversaries of the grant date. The share-based compensation will be recognized in terms of the grade method on a straight-line basis for each separately vesting portion of the award. Certain option awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the *2017* Employee Plan).

During the *nine*-month period ended *March 31, 2026*, there were 169,000 stock options granted and 177,132 stock options were exercised under the *2017* Employee Plan. The Company recognized $220 in stock-based compensation expense during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*.

During the *nine*-month period ended *March 31, 2025*, there were 160,000 stock options granted and 5,000 stock options were exercised under the *2017* Employee Plan. The Company recognized $209 in stock-based compensation expense during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2025*.

As of *March 31, 2026*, there were vested stock options granted under the *2017* Employee Plan covering a total of 397,640 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $3.00 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 2.40 years.

As of *March 31, 2025*, there were vested stock options granted under the *2017* Employee Plan covering a total of 421,500 shares of Common Stock. The weighted-average exercise price was $2.80 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 2.60 years.

A summary of option activities under the *2017* Employee Plan during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, is presented as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | *Weighted* |  |
|  |  |  | *Average* |  |
|  |  | *Weighted* | *Remaining* |  |
|  |  | *Average* | *Contractual* | *Aggregate* |
|  |  | *Exercise* | *Term* | *Intrinsic* |
|  | *Options* | *Price* | *(Years)* | *Value* |
| Outstanding at July 1, 2025 | 696904 | $2.77 | 2.88 | $113 |
| Granted | 169000 | 4.66 | *-* | *-* |
| Exercised | (177132) | 2.63 | *-* | *-* |
| Forfeited or expired | (4000) | *2.44* | *-* | *-* |
| Outstanding at March 31, 2026\* | 684772 | $3.28 | 3.02 | $1804 |
| Exercisable at March 31, 2026\* | 397640 | $3.00 | 2.40 | $1126 |

---

\*In connection with the two-for-*one* stock split effected on *January 5, 2026,* outstanding stock options were adjusted to preserve their economic value. As a result of rounding adjustments applied on an award-by-award basis, the sum of option activity presented *may not* equal the mathematical application of the stock split ratio.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *22* -

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A summary of the status of the Company's non-vested employee stock options during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, is presented below:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | *Weighted* |
|  |  | *Average* |
|  |  | *Grant-Date* |
|  | *Options* | *Fair Value* |
| Non-vested at July 1, 2025 | 273992 | $2.74 |
| Granted | 169000 | 4.66 |
| Vested | (155860) | *-* |
| Non-vested at March 31, 2026\* | 287132 | $3.66 |

---

\*In connection with the two-for-*one* stock split effected on *January 5, 2026,* outstanding stock options were adjusted to preserve their economic value. As a result of rounding adjustments applied on an award-by-award basis, the sum of option activity presented *may not* equal the mathematical application of the stock split ratio.

A summary of option activities under the *2017* Employee Plan during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2025*, is presented as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | *Weighted* |  |
|  |  |  | *Average* |  |
|  |  | *Weighted* | *Remaining* |  |
|  |  | *Average* | *Contractual* | *Aggregate* |
|  |  | *Exercise* | *Term* | *Intrinsic* |
|  | *Options* | *Price* | *(Years)* | *Value* |
| Outstanding at July 1, 2024 | 541500 | $2.68 | 3.43 | $268 |
| Granted | 160000 | 3.10 | *-* | *-* |
| Exercised | (5000) | 2.49 | *-* | *-* |
| Outstanding at March 31, 2025 | 696500 | $2.78 | *3.13* | $*243* |
| Exercisable at March 31, 2025 | 421500 | $2.80 | 2.60 | $160 |

---

A summary of the status of the Company's non-vested employee stock options during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2025*, is presented below:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | *Weighted* |
|  |  | *Average* |
|  |  | *Grant-Date* |
|  | *Options* | *Fair Value* |
| Non-vested at July 1, 2024 | 269000 | $2.56 |
| Granted | 160000 | 3.10 |
| Vested | (154000) | *-* |
| Non-vested at March 31, 2025 | 275000 | $2.74 |

---

***<u>*2017* Directors Equity Incentive Plan</u>***

The *2017* Directors Plan permits the grant of options to its directors in the form of non-qualified options and restricted stock, and initially covered up to an aggregate of 600,000 shares of Common Stock. In *September 2020,* the Company's Board of Directors approved an amendment to the *2017* Directors Plan to increase the shares covered thereunder from 600,000 shares to an aggregate of 1,200,000 shares, which amendment was approved by the Company's shareholders at the annual meeting held in *December 2020.* In *October 2023,* the Company's Board of Directors approved an amendment to the *2017* Directors Plan to increase the shares covered thereunder from 1,200,000 shares to an aggregate of 1,800,000 shares, which amendment was approved by the Company's shareholders at the annual meeting held in *December 2023.*

Under the *2017* Directors Plan, the exercise price of the non-qualified options is required to be *100%* of the fair value of the underlying shares on the grant date. The options have five-year contractual terms and are exercisable immediately as of the grant date.

On *January 9, 2026,* an exceptional equity grant was approved and issued. The award is subject to a non-standard vesting arrangement, under which the total grant vests in eight equal quarterly installments. Each installment represents *one*-*eighth* (12.5%) of the total award, vesting over a two-year period, contingent upon continued directorship and in accordance with the governing equity plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *23* -

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During the *nine*-month period ended *March 31, 2026*, the Company granted 200,000 stock options under the *2017* Directors Plan. There were 160,167 stock options exercised and the Company recognized $173 in stock-based compensation expense during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*.

During the *nine*-month period ended *March 31, 2025*, the Company granted 200,000 stock options under the *2017* Directors Plan. There were 120,000 stock options exercised and the Company recognized $204 in stock-based compensation expense during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2025*.

As all the stock options granted under the *2017* Directors Plan vest immediately on the date of grant except an exceptional equity grant was approved and issued on *January 9, 2026.* There were 175,000 and nil unvested stock options granted under the *2017* Directors Plan as of *March 31, 2026*, or *March 31, 2025*, respectively.

As of *March 31, 2026*, there were vested stock options granted under the *2017* Directors Plan covering a total of 807,154 shares of Common Stock. The weighted average exercise price was $3.08 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 2.52 years.

As of *March 31, 2025*, there were vested stock options granted under the *2017* Directors Plan covering a total of 942,000 shares of Common Stock. The weighted average exercise price was $2.90 and the weighted average remaining contractual term was 3.01 years.

A summary of option activity under the *2017* Directors Plan during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, is presented as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | *Weighted* |  |
|  |  |  | *Average* |  |
|  |  | *Weighted* | *Remaining* |  |
|  |  | *Average* | *Contractual* | *Aggregate* |
|  |  | *Exercise* | *Term* | *Intrinsic* |
|  | *Options* | *Price* | *(Years)* | *Value* |
| Outstanding at July 1, 2025 | 942321 | $2.90 | 2.76 | $136 |
| Granted | 200000 | 6.92 | *-* | *-* |
| Exercised | (160167) | 2.64 | *-* | *-* |
| Outstanding at March 31, 2026\* | 982154 | $3.76 | 2.92 | $2211 |
| Exercisable at March 31, 2026\* | 807154 | $3.08 | 2.52 | $2211 |

---

\*In connection with the two-for-*one* stock split effected on *January 5, 2026,* outstanding stock options were adjusted to preserve their economic value. As a result of rounding adjustments applied on an award-by-award basis, the sum of option activity presented *may not* equal the mathematical application of the stock split ratio.

On *January 9, 2026,* an exceptional equity grant was approved and issued. The award is subject to a non-standard vesting arrangement, under which the total grant vests in eight equal quarterly installments. Each installment represents *one*-*eighth* (12.5%) of the total award, vesting over a two-year period, contingent upon continued directorship and in accordance with the governing equity plan. A summary of the status of the Company's non-vested employee stock options during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2026*, is presented below:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | *Weighted* |
|  |  | *Average* |
|  |  | *Grant-Date* |
|  | *Options* | *Fair Value* |
| Non-vested at July 1, 2025 |  | $- |
| Granted | 200000 | 6.92 |
| Vested | (25000) |  |
| Non-vested at March 31, 2026 | 175000 | $6.92 |

---

A summary of option activity under the *2017* Directors Plan during the *nine* months ended *March 31, 2025*, is presented as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | *Weighted* |  |
|  |  |  | *Average* |  |
|  |  | *Weighted* | *Remaining* |  |
|  |  | *Average* | *Contractual* | *Aggregate* |
|  |  | *Exercise* | *Term* | *Intrinsic* |
|  | *Options* | *Price* | *(Years)* | *Value* |
| Outstanding at July 1, 2024 | 862000 | $2.62 | 2.88 | $531 |
| Granted | 200000 | 3.11 | *-* | *-* |
| Exercised | (120000) | 1.27 | *-* | *-* |
| Outstanding at March 31, 2025 | 942000 | $2.90 | *3.01* | $*291* |
| Exercisable at March 31, 2025 | 942000 | $2.90 | 3.01 | $291 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *24* -

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***21.*** **LEASES**

**Company as Lessor** 

Operating leases under which the Company is the lessor arise from leasing the Company's commercial real estate investment property to *third* parties. Initial lease terms generally range from 12 to 48 months. Depreciation expense for assets subject to operating leases is taken into account primarily on the straight-line method over a period of 20 years in amounts necessary to reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated residual value. Depreciation expense relating to the property held as investments in operating leases was $18 and $17 for the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026*, and *March 31, 2025*, respectively.

Future minimum rental income in China and Thailand to be received from Fiscal *2026* to the fiscal year ended *June 30, 2029 (*"Fiscal *2029"*) on non-cancelable operating leases is contractually due as follows as of *March 31, 2026*:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Remainder of 2026 | $41 |
| 2027 | 165 |
| 2028 | 160 |
| 2029 | 26 |
|  | $392 |

---

Future minimum rental income in China and Thailand to be received from Fiscal *2026* to Fiscal *2027* on non-cancelable operating leases is contractually due as follows as of *June 30, 2025*:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 2026 | $65 |
| 2027 | 23 |
| 2028 | 18 |
| 2029 | 4 |
|  | $110 |

---

***Company as Lessee***

The Company is the lessee under operating leases for corporate offices and manufacturing and testing facilities with remaining lease terms of one year to five years and finance leases for plant and equipment.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Components of Lease Balances** | *March 31,* | *June 30,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
| **Finance Leases (Plant and Equipment)** |  |  |
| Plant and equipment, at cost | $395 | $400 |
| Accumulated depreciation | (189) | (131) |
| **Plant and Equipment, Net** | $206 | $269 |
| Current portion of finance leases | $1 | $43 |
| **Total Finance Lease Liabilities** | $1 | $43 |
| **Operating Leases (Corporate Offices, Manufacturing and Testing Facilities)** |  |  |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, Net | $2870 | $864 |
| Current portion of operating leases | 766 | 540 |
| Non-current portion of operating leases, Net | 2104 | 324 |
| **Total Operating Lease Liabilities** | $2870 | $864 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *25* -

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As of *April 2026,* the Company's Malaysia subsidiary entered into an office lease agreement and test facility lease agreement, with commencement dates of *April 1, 2026* and *June 1, 2026,* respectively. The new test facility is intended to support upcoming projects, with anticipated growth in operation volume related to the assembly and testing of integrated semiconductor devices. Separately, *one* of the Company's Singapore subsidiaries entered into a new equipment lease, with a commencement date of *May 1, 2026.* 

The future minimum lease payments are $128 for the remainder of Fiscal *2026,* $1,499 for Fiscal *2027,* and $1,377 thereafter.

As the lease terms commence after *March 31, 2026,* the Company has *not* recognized a Right-of-Use ("ROU") asset or the corresponding lease liability in the balance sheet as of that date. The ROU asset and lease liabilities will be recognized in the financial statements upon commencement of the respective lease terms.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Three Months Ended* | *Three Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* |
|  | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* | *March 31,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| Lease Cost |  |  |  |  |
| Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |  |
| Interest on finance lease | $- | $1 | $1 | $3 |
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | 21 | 19 | 61 | 57 |
| Total finance lease cost | $21 | $20 | 62 | 60 |
| Operating Lease Costs | $228 | $355 | $649 | $1130 |

---

Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands except lease term and discount rate):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *Nine Months Ended* | *Nine Months Ended* |
|  | *March 31,* | *March 31,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| **Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities** |  |  |
| Operating cash flows from finance leases | $(1) | $(3) |
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | (649) | (1077) |
| Finance cash flows from finance leases | (42) | (48) |
| Right-of-Use Assets Obtained in Exchange for New Operating Lease Liabilities | 2596 |  |
| **Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term:** |  |  |
| Finance leases | 0.08 | 1.00 |
| Operating leases | 4.42 | 2.25 |
| **Weighted-Average Discount Rate:** |  |  |
| Finance leases | 2.28% | 2.28% |
| Operating leases | 4.73% | 5.31% |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *26* -

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As of *March 31, 2026*, future minimum lease payments under finance leases and non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Operating*** | ***Finance*** |
|  | ***Lease*** | ***Lease*** |
|  | ***Liabilities*** | ***Liabilities*** |
| **Fiscal Year** |  |  |
| Remainder of Fiscal 2026 | $239 | $1 |
| 2027 | 808 |  |
| 2028 | 660 |  |
| Thereafter | 1485 |  |
| **Total future minimum lease payments** | $3192 | $1 |
| Less: amount representing interest | (322) |  |
| **Present value of net minimum lease payments** | $2870 | $1 |
| **Presentation on balance sheet** |  |  |
| Current | $766 | $1 |
| Non-Current | $2104 | $- |

---

As of *June 30, 2025*, future minimum lease payments under finance leases and non-cancelable operating leases were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Operating*** | ***Finance*** |
|  | ***Lease*** | ***Lease*** |
|  | ***Liabilities*** | ***Liabilities*** |
| **Fiscal Year** |  |  |
| 2026 | $560 | $44 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2027 | 146 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2028 | 117 |  |
| Thereafter | 100 |  |
| **Total future minimum lease payments** | $923 | $44 |
| Less: amount representing interest | (59) | (1) |
| **Present value of net minimum lease payments** | $864 | $43 |
| **Presentation on balance sheet** |  |  |
| Current | $540 | $43 |
| Non-Current | $324 | $- |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - *27* -

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***22.*** **FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS APPROXIMATE CARRYING VALUE**

In accordance with ASC Topics *825* and *820,* the following presents assets and liabilities measured and carried at fair value and classified by level of fair value measurement hierarchy:

There were *no* transfers between Levels *1* and *2* during the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* and year ended *June 30, 2025*.

Term deposits (Level *2*) – The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.

Restricted term deposits (Level *2*) – The carrying amount approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments or internal rate are at prevailing market rate.

Lines of credit (Level *3*) – The carrying value of the lines of credit approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of the obligations.

Bank loans payable (Level *3*) – The carrying value of the Company's bank loans payable approximates its fair value as the interest rates associated with long-term debt is adjustable in accordance with market situations when the Company borrowed funds with similar terms and remaining maturities.

***23.*** **CONCENTRATION OF CUSTOMERS** 

The Company had three major customers that accounted for the following revenue and trade account receivables:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | *For the Nine Months Ended* | *For the Nine Months Ended* |
|  | *March 31,* | *March 31,* |
|  | *2026* | *2025* |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| **Revenue** |  |  |
| - Customer A | 41.1% | 3.3% |
| - Customer B | 10.8% | 16.1% |
| - Customer C | 9.3% | 20.9% |
| **Trade Account Receivables** |  |  |
| - Customer A | 37.2% | 1.7% |
| - Customer B | 11.1% | 13.7% |
| - Customer C | 9.3% | 18.1% |

---

***24.* STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAM**

On *May 8, 2025,* the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company *may* repurchase up to $1 million of its issued and outstanding Common Stock over a period of two years. Any and all share repurchase transactions are subject to market condition and applicable legal requirements.

During the *three* and *nine* months ended *Mar 31, 2026,* the Company repurchased 2,593 shares of Common Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $12. As of *March 31, 2026,* $988 remained available under the repurchase authorization.

***25.* SUBSEQUENT EVENTS**

*Registered Direct Offering*

On *April 24, 2026,* the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain purchasers, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell an aggregate of 1,052,632 shares of its Common Stock in a registered direct offering at a purchase price of *$9.50* per share. The offering closed on *April 27, 2026.* The Company received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $10.0 million from the offering, before deducting placement agent commissions and other offering-related expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes. The offering was conducted pursuant to the Company's effective shelf registration statement on Form S-*3* (Registration *No. 333*-*291219*), including a base prospectus dated *December 16, 2025* and a prospectus supplement dated *April 24, 2026.*

*Lease Agreement*

On *April 28, 2026,* the Company, through its subsidiary Trio-Tech Malaysia, entered into a lease agreement (the "Lease") with Skygate Technology (M) SDN. BHD. (the "Landlord"), effective as of *June 1, 2026,* pursuant to which Trio-Tech Malaysia will lease approximately 104,000 square feet of space located at *2481,* Tingkat Perusahaan *4,* Kawasan Perusahaan Perai, *13600* Perai, Pulau Pinang (the "Premises"). The term of the Lease will commence on *June 1, 2026* and will expire on *May 30, 2028 (*the "Expiration Date"). The Company has the option to extend the Lease for *one* additional *one*-year term, subject to the terms therein. The monthly base rent due under the Lease shall initially be approximately $115,000 per month. The Landlord has the right to terminate the Lease upon customary events of default. The Company is also required to pay a security deposit in the amount of approximately $539,000 which will be refunded without interest to the Company by the Landlord in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Lease, unless Trio-Tech Malaysia vacates the Premises prior to the Expiration Date. The Company shall also pay the Malaysian Sales and Service Tax imposed in connection with this Agreement to the appropriate authority.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - 28 -

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**ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)**

**Overview**

*The following should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes in Item I above and with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes, the information under the headings* "*Management*'*s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations*" *in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025 (*"*Fiscal 2025*"*).*

Trio-Tech International ("TTI") was incorporated in 1958 under the laws of the State of California. As used herein, the term "Trio-Tech" or "Company" or "we" or "us" or "Registrant" includes Trio-Tech International and its subsidiaries unless the context otherwise indicates. Our mailing address and executive offices are located at Block 1008 Toa Payoh North, Unit 03-09 Singapore 318996, and our telephone number is (65) 6265 3300.

The Company has traditionally been a provider of reliability test equipment and services to the semiconductor and other industries. Our customers rely on us to verify that their semiconductor components meet or exceed the rigorous reliability standards demanded for automotive electronics, industrial electronics, computing and data storage, consumer electronics, and communication markets. We act as a global one-stop solution for our customers by designing and building reliability test solutions and offering comprehensive testing services. The Company also develops and manufactures an extensive range of equipment used in the manufacturing processes of semiconductors and various other industries.

The types of products and services provided by each segment are summarized below:

**Semiconductor Back-end Solutions**

The SBS segment of the Company designs and manufactures an extensive range of burn-in and reliability test equipment used in the "back-end" manufacturing processes of semiconductors. Our equipment includes burn-in systems, burn-in boards and related equipment that is used in the testing of structural integrity of integrated circuits. We also act as an extended development team of Integrated Device Manufacturers ("IDMs") and Fabless semiconductor companies in the testing process with our expert technical skills, especially in the New Product Introduction ("NPI") process.

The Company also provides comprehensive electrical, environmental, and burn-in testing services to semiconductor manufacturers in our testing laboratories in Asia. Our customers include both manufacturers and end users of semiconductor and electronic components who look to us when they decide to outsource their testing process. We also support the asset-light strategy of our customers by setting up test facilities and providing component level, package level and system level testing services with expert technology that improves the productivity of our customers. The independent tests are performed to industry and customer specific standards.

**Industrial Electronics**

The IE segment of the Company engages in the design, manufacture and distribution of an extensive range of test, process and other equipment used in the manufacturing processes of customers in various industries in the consumer and industrial markets. Our IE segment's product offerings include environmental chambers, leak detectors, autoclaves, centrifuges, dynamic testers, HAST testers, temperature-controlled chucks, and more. In addition to its equipment offerings, the segment also provides preventive maintenance, calibration services, repair services and upgrading and refurbishment services for temperature, humidity and pressurization equipment.

The IE segment markets both proprietary products and distribute mechanical, electrical and electronic products made by manufacturers around the world. These products include environmental chambers, mechanical shock and vibration testers, specialized equipment for the semiconductor and automotive industries, as well as a wide range of components such as connectors, sockets, cables, LCD displays and touch screen panels. The segment also serves the aviation industry with a comprehensive suite of aircraft spares and components, ground support equipment, and specialized maintenance tooling. We act as value-added solutions provider by enhancing the value of the distributed products by customizing each to the needs of our customers through our expert engineering and integration services. In addition, we also support customers as their extended research and development arm in product design, leveraging the expert skills of our component and design engineers.

***Critical Accounting Estimates & Policies***

The preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions in applying our accounting policies that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates and assumptions on historical experience and evaluate them on an ongoing basis to ensure that they remain reasonable under current conditions. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We discuss the development and selection of the critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.

There have been no material changes in our critical accounting estimates and policies since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for Fiscal 2025. Refer to Note 1 "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details. In addition, please refer to "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for Fiscal 2025 for a complete description of our critical accounting policies and estimates.

**<u>Third</u> <u>Quarter Fiscal Year</u> <u>2026 Highlights</u>**

● Total revenue increased by $9,127, or 123.6%, to $16,511 in the third quarter of Fiscal 2026, compared to $7,384 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● SBS segment revenue increased by $7,654, or 141.1% to $13,079 for the third quarter of Fiscal 2026, compared to $5,425 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● IE segment revenue increased by $1,476, or 75.7%, to $3,426 for the third quarter of Fiscal 2026, compared to $1,950 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● The overall gross profit margin decreased by 11.3% to 15.5% for the third quarter of Fiscal 2026, from 26.8% for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

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● General and administrative expense increased by $206, or 10.0%, to $2,273 for the third quarter of Fiscal 2026, from $2,067 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● Selling expense increased by $47, or 21.8%, to $263 for the third quarter of Fiscal 2026, from $216 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● Loss from operations was $81 for the third quarter of Fiscal 2026, reflecting a decline of $262 as compared to loss from operations of $343 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● Other income was $188 for the third quarter of Fiscal 2026, an increase of $332 as compared to other expenses of $144 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● Income tax expense was $146 in the third quarter of Fiscal 2026, an increase of $140 as compared to $6 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● During the third quarter of Fiscal 2026, loss from continuing operations before non-controlling interest, net of tax was $39, as compared to loss from continuing operations before non-controlling interest of $481 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● Net income attributable to non-controlling interest for the third quarter of Fiscal 2026 was $1, a decrease of $18 as compared to net income of $19 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● Loss per share for the third quarter of Fiscal 2026 was $0.00, as compared to loss per share of $0.06 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

● Total assets increased by $3,647 to $44,715 as of March 31, 2026, compared to $41,068 as of June 30, 2025.

● Total liabilities increased by $5,174 to $12,251 as of March 31, 2026, compared to $7,077 as of June 30, 2025.

**Results of Operations and Business Outlook**

The following table sets forth our revenue components for both three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Revenue Components** | Three Months Ended | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | Nine Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| Semiconductor Back-end Solutions (SBS) | 79.2% | 73.5% | 77.4% | 70.2% |
| Industrial Electronics (IE) | 20.7% | 26.4% | 22.6% | 29.7% |
| Others | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1% |
| Total | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 100.0% |

---

Revenue for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 was $16,511 and $47,674, respectively, representing an increase of $9,127 and $21,872 when compared to revenue of $7,384 and $25,802 for the same period of Fiscal 2025. As a percentage, revenue increased by 123.6% and 84.8% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026, when compared to revenue for the same period of Fiscal 2025.

Revenue within our two current segments for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026, is discussed below.

***Semiconductor Back-end Solutions (SBS)***

Revenue in the SBS segment as a percentage of total revenue was 79.2% and 77.4% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026, an increase of 5.7% and 7.2% of total revenue when compared to 73.5% and 70.2% in the same period of Fiscal 2025. Total SBS revenue increased by $7,654 to $13,079 from $5,425 and increased by $18,775 to $36,888 from $18,113 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026.

SBS segment recorded strong revenue growth for three-month period ended March 31, 2026, primarily driven by the commencement of final test services for AI chips in the final month of the first quarter of Fiscal 2026, as a result of a customer shifting testing activities to alternative geographies. Testing services demand in markets outside China are showing signs of recovery and this has further supported the segment's revenue momentum, partially offset by a decline in revenue from China of approximately 48.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in fiscal year 2025, and a decrease of approximately 84.1% for the nine months ended March 31, 2025.

Revenue from product sales within the SBS segment increased, reflecting increase in Burn-in board sales by approximately 42.6% for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in fiscal year 2025.

The SBS segment reported overall revenue growth, supported by stronger results in key markets. However, the market remains highly sensitive to global economic shifts and changes in consumer demand, leading to fluctuations in performance. While these developments suggest a gradual recovery from the industry's cyclical downturn, we continue to adopt a prudent and balanced approach toward growth and risk management.

***Industrial Electronics (IE)***

Revenue in the IE segment as a percentage of total revenue was 20.7% and 22.6% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026, representing a decrease of 5.7% and 7.1% when compared to 26.4% and 29.7% in the same period of Fiscal 2025. Total IE revenue increased by $1,476 from $1,950 to $3,426 and increased by $3,097 from $7,665 to $10,762 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to the same period of Fiscal 2025.

The increase in IE revenue was primarily attributable to higher sales of aerospace-related products together with increased equipment sales. Since Fiscal 2025, the Company mitigated revenue volatility through service portfolio diversification and expansion into the aerospace business, offsetting softer demand in existing markets. Our ability to deliver customized, value-added solutions has enabled us to capitalize on new partnership opportunities while strengthening market penetration for our proprietary product lines, including Highly Accelerated Stress Test (HAST) systems, bubble testers, centrifuges, and Artic systems. These strategic initiatives underscore our commitment to long-term growth and adaptability amid evolving market conditions.

The equipment and electronic components market is highly competitive, with commoditized products widely available. Our differentiation lies in our value-added distribution model, with enhancement of standard products through customized design, engineering, integration, and sub-assembly services tailored to customer specifications, securing a competitive advantage for the long term.

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***Uncertainties and Remedies***

There are several influencing factors which create uncertainties when forecasting performance, such as the changing nature of technology, specific customer requirements, decline in demand for certain types of burn-in devices or equipment, decline in demand for testing services and fabrication services, and other factors. One factor that influences uncertainty is the highly competitive nature of the semiconductor industry. Additionally, certain customers are unable to provide a forecast of the products required in the upcoming weeks, rendering it difficult to plan adequate resources needed to meet these customers' requirements because of short lead time and last-minute order confirmation. This will normally result in a lower margin for these products as it is often more expensive to purchase materials in a short time frame. However, the Company has taken certain actions and formulated certain plans to deal with and to help mitigate these unpredictable factors. For example, to meet manufacturing customers' demands upon short notice, the Company maintains higher inventories but continues to work closely with its customers to avoid stockpiling. We believe that we have improved customer service through our efforts to keep our staff up to date on the newest technology and stressing the importance of understanding and meeting the stringent requirements of our customers. Finally, the Company is exploring new markets and products, looking for new customers, and upgrading and improving burn-in technology while at the same time searching for improved testing methods for higher technology chips.

The Company's primary exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates relates to non-U.S. dollar-denominated sales and operating expense in its subsidiaries. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies adversely affects the U.S. dollar value of the Company's foreign currency-denominated sales and earnings, and generally leads the Company to raise international pricing, potentially reducing demand for the Company's products. Margins on sales of the Company's products in foreign countries and on sales of products that include components obtained from foreign suppliers could be materially adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. In some circumstances, for competitive or other reasons, the Company may decide not to raise local prices to fully offset the U.S. dollar's strengthening, or at all, which would adversely affect the U.S. dollar value of the Company's foreign currency-denominated sales and earnings. Conversely, a strengthening of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, recently observed as a result of current U.S. economic and trade policies, while generally beneficial to the Company's foreign currency denominated sales and earnings, could cause the Company to reduce international pricing, thereby limiting the benefit. Additionally, strengthening of foreign currencies may also increase the Company's cost of product components denominated in those currencies, thus adversely affecting gross margins.

We may experience supply shortages as well as inflationary cost pressures in at least the near term. Risks and uncertainties related to supply chain challenges, and inflationary pressures may continue to negatively impact our revenue and gross margin. We continue to monitor and evaluate the business impact to react proactively.

On August 9, 2022, the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 ("CHIPS Act") was enacted in the U.S. The CHIPS Act will provide financial incentives to the semiconductor industry which are primarily directed at manufacturing activities within the U.S. We continue to evaluate the business impact and potential opportunities related to the CHIPS Act. To date, we do not see any direct effect of the CHIPS Act on the Company in the foreseeable future. Meanwhile, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act enacted in July 2025 extended key business provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which are expected to benefit the Company by allowing immediate expensing of qualified capital investments, thereby reducing taxable income, tax expense and improved operating cash flow to support ongoing growth.

The recent U.S. tariff regime announced in April 2025 could potentially influence downstream demand variability among our customers. While we have no direct significant exposure to these tariffs, secondary effects may arise if customers adjust their procurement strategies in response to trade policy changes. However, the tariff environment remains fluid, with ongoing policy adjustments continuing to reshape regional trade dynamics. Based on our preliminary observations, demand appears to shift from China to other countries in the region. However, potential effects on macro demand in the future are far from clear, although we recognize the risk of revenue volatility should global demand continue to weaken due to the continued trade tensions between China and the U.S. and the potential that such continued trade tensions result in declining economic conditions. We continue to evaluate capacity adjustments in alignment with observable demand signals while maintaining operational flexibility to adapt to changing market conditions.

As of March 31, 2026, ongoing geopolitical tensions in Middle East region have heightened volatility in global energy markets, resulting in increased inflationary pressures across the global supply chain. Based on our assessment, there has been minimal impact to our supply chain due to indirect exposure and geographic diversification of suppliers and customers.

Risks and uncertainties related to supply chain challenges, uncertainty regarding tariffs, and inflationary pressures may continue to negatively impact our gross margin and operating results. We continue to closely monitor these developments and their broader impacts, as well as evaluate appropriate actions to mitigate potential business impacts.

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**Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026, and March 31, 2025**

The following table sets forth certain consolidated statements of income data as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 respectively:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Three Months Ended | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| **Revenue** | **100.0**% | **100.0**% |
| Cost of sales | 84.5% | 73.2% |
| **Gross Margin** | 15.5% | 26.8% |
| Operating expense |  |  |
| General and administrative | 13.8% | 28.0% |
| Selling | 1.6% | 2.9% |
| Research and development | 0.6% | 1.2% |
| Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment | 0.0% | (0.7)% |
| Total operating expense | 16.0% | 31.4% |
| **Income from Operations** | (0.5)% | (4.6)% |

---

***Overall Gross Margin***

Overall gross margin as a percentage of revenue decreased by 11.3% to 15.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from 26.8% for the same period of Fiscal 2025. Gross profits increased by $578 to $2,554 for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $1,976 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

Gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the SBS segment decreased by 11.4% to 15.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to 26.5% for the same period in Fiscal 2025. In absolute dollar amounts, gross profit in the SBS segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was $1,973, an increase of $537, compared to $1,436 in the same period in Fiscal 2025.

During the three-month period ended March 31, 2026, the SBS segment experienced a notable decline in gross profit margins attributable to its China operations, primarily due to reduced revenue contributions compared to the same period in Fiscal 2025. While revenue from markets outside China trended upward, the associated margins remained relatively compressed. The incremental revenue relating to final testing services that commenced in the final month of the first quarter was attributable to new service streams that required no capital investment, resulting in lower margin profiles that reflect the reduced risk exposure. The reduction in SBS gross profit margin was further impacted by a decrease in the gross profit margin in China, which declined by approximately 64.6%. As the revenue mix increasingly shifts toward final testing services, gross profit margins are expected to trend below historical levels for the SBS segment.

Gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the IE segment decreased by 10.8% to 17.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from 28.1% for the same period in Fiscal 2025. In absolute dollar amounts, gross profit in the IE segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was $593, indicating an increase of $45, compared to $548 in the same period in Fiscal 2025. Gross profit margin declined due to an unfavorable product mix during the quarter, with lower-margin products accounting for a significantly larger proportion of total sales compared to previous periods.

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***Operating Expense***

Operating expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Three Months Ended | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| General and administrative | $2273 | $2067 |
| Selling | 263 | 216 |
| Research and development | 99 | 90 |
| Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  | (54) |
| **Total** | $2635 | $2319 |

---

General and administrative expense increased by $206, or 10.0%, from $2,067 to $2,273 for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in Fiscal 2025. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by higher corporate-related costs incurred for corporate activities, higher stock option expenses, higher personnel-related costs and increase of headcount to support growing operations scale of the SBS and IE segment. For the IE segment, the increase was largely attributable to expansion into new markets and related business development activities. In addition, the IE segment recognized approximately $158 in expected credit losses.

Selling expense increased by $47, or 21.8%, from $216 to $263 for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in Fiscal 2025. The increase in selling expense was primarily attributable to higher business travel expenses and increased commissionable sales across both the SBS and IE segments.

***Loss from Operations***

Loss from operations was $81 for the three months ended March 31, 2026, an improvement of $262, as compared to a loss of $343 from operations for the same period in Fiscal 2025. As discussed above, higher revenues in the SBS segments drove the improvement; however, the impact was tempered by compressed gross profit margins reflecting the lower-risk nature of these sales. Notwithstanding the margin compression, the increase in overall revenue contributed to improved income from operations during the period.

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***Interest Expense***

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Three Months Ended | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| Interest expense | $11 | $10 |

---

Interest expense was $11 for the three months ended March 31, 2026, an increase of $1, or 10.0%, compared to $10 for the same period of Fiscal 2025 due to utilization of credit facilities in Singapore operation. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had an unused line of credit of $6,124 as compared to $5,797 as at March 31, 2025.

***Other Income / (Expense)***

Other income / (expense) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Three Months Ended | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| Interest income | $57 | $74 |
| Other rental income | 31 | 29 |
| Exchange loss | (63) | (251) |
| Dividend income | 177 |  |
| Other miscellaneous (expense) / income | (14) | 4 |
| **Total** | $188 | $(144) |

---

There was a increase of $332 in other income to $188 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to other expenses of $144 for the same period in Fiscal 2025. The increase of other income was primarily due to lower foreign exchange losses and dividend income received by Prestal Sdn. Bhd., one of the Company's subsidiaries, from an investment in unquoted shares.

Our net income is exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations as our subsidiaries' functional currencies differ from the U.S. dollar. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the strengthening of the Singapore dollar against the U.S. dollar resulted in an unrealized foreign exchange loss, primarily from the remeasurement of U.S. dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities. The impact of such fluctuations was partially mitigated by the change in functional currency of Universal Far East, which reduced the overall exposure to U.S. dollar movements.

***Government Grant***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Three Months Ended | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| Government grant | $11 | $22 |

---

In the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company received government grants of $11, wholly from the Singapore government for local resident recruitment. In comparison, during the same period in Fiscal 2025, the Company received government grants amounting to $22, $19 consisting of an incentive from the Singapore government for local resident recruitment, and $3 related to capital expenditure subsidy received from the government in China.

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***Income Tax Expense***

The Company's income tax expense was $146 and $6 for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and 2025, respectively. The increase was mainly driven by higher GILTI expenses and withholding taxes.

***Non-controlling Interest***

As of March 31, 2026, we held a 55% interest in SHI International Pte. Ltd. and 76% interest in Prestal Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. The share of non-controlling interest in the net income from the subsidiaries for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $1 compared to the share of income from the non-controlling interest of $19 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

The Company received the required approval from the Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry in Malaysia, and the acquisition of the remaining shares in Trio-Tech Malaysia ("TTM") was consummated on December 3, 2025. The purchase price for the acquisition was RM14,200, payable in cash, or approximately $3,503. Upon consummation of the transaction, the Company, through Trio-Tech Singapore, acquired the remaining equity interest and now owns 100% of the issued and outstanding share capital of TTM. Accordingly, the Company recognized the non-controlling interest's share of profits through the acquisition date, and no non-controlling interest will be recognized in subsequent periods.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2026, it was identified that PT SHI Indonesia, a dormant entity that was 95% owned by SHI International Pte Ltd has been dissolved and this dissolution did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

***Net Loss Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders***

Net loss attributable to Company's common shareholders was $38 for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to a net loss of $495 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

***Loss per Share***

Basic loss per share from continuing operations were $0.00 for three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to basic loss per share of $0.06 for the same period in Fiscal 2025. Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations were $nil for three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025 respectively.

Diluted loss per share from continuing operations were $0.00 for three months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to diluted loss per share of $0.06 for the same period in Fiscal 2025. Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations were $nil for three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025.

**Segment Information**

The revenue, gross margin, and income from operations for each segment during the third quarter of Fiscal 2026 and Fiscal 2025 are presented below. As the revenue and gross margin for each segment were discussed in the previous section, only the comparison of income from operations is discussed below.

***Semiconductor Back-end Solutions (SBS)***

The revenue, gross margin and income / (loss) from operations for the SBS segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Three Months Ended | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| **Revenue** | $13079 | $5425 |
| **Gross margin** | 15.1% | 26.5% |
| **Income / (Loss) from operations** | $319 | $(3) |

---

Income from operations from the SBS segment was $319 compared to loss from operations of $3 in the same period in Fiscal 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to the higher gross profit generated from increased revenue, primarily driven by factors discussed above. Operating expense increased from $1,439 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 to $1,654 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 mainly attributable to an increase in personnel-related costs and selling expense.

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***Industrial Electronics (IE)***

The revenue, gross margin, and income from operations for the IE segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Three Months Ended | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| **Revenue** | $3426 | $1950 |
| **Gross margin** | 17.3% | 28.1% |
| **Income from operations** | $10 | $- |

---

Income for operations from IE segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $10, compared to a breakeven in the same period in Fiscal 2025. Operating expense was increased from $548 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 to $583 for the three months ended March 31, 2026. While revenue increased during the period, income from operations did not increase proportionately due to the higher proportion of lower-margin sales during the period. In addition, the prior-year period included a gain on fixed assets that did not recur in the current period.

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**Comparison of the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2026, and March 31, 2025**

The following table sets forth certain consolidated statements of income data as a percentage of revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 respectively:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Nine Months Ended | Nine Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
| **Revenue** | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Cost of sales | 84.0% | 74.7% |
| **Gross Margin** | 16.0% | 25.3% |
| Operating expense: |  |  |
| General and administrative | 13.9% | 23.2% |
| Selling | 1.3% | 2.1% |
| Research and development | 0.6% | 1.1% |
| Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment | 0.0% | (0.4)% |
| Total operating expense | 15.8% | 26.0% |
| **Income / (Loss) from Operations** | 0.2% | (0.7)% |

---

***Overall Gross Margin***

Overall gross margin as a percentage of revenue decreased by 9.3% to 16.0% for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, from 25.3% for the same period of Fiscal 2025. Gross profits increased by $1,122 to $7,638 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, from $6,516 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

Gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the SBS segment decreased by 12.6% to 14.8% for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to 27.4% for the same period in Fiscal 2025. In absolute dollar amounts, gross profit in the SBS segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, was $5,460, an increase of $488, compared to $4,972 in the same period in Fiscal 2025.

During the nine-month period ended March 31, 2026, the SBS segment experienced a notable decline in gross profit margins attributable to its China operations, primarily due to reduced revenue contributions compared to the same period in Fiscal 2025. Gross profit from China declined by approximately 84.1% for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in the prior year.

While revenue from markets outside China showed an upward trend, the associated margins remained relatively compressed. The incremental revenue relating to final testing services that commenced in the final month of the first quarter was derived from new service streams that required no capital investment and carried a lower risk profile, resulting in lower gross profit margins. As final testing services continue to represent a greater proportion of SBS segment revenue, gross profit margins are expected to remain below historical levels. Nevertheless, the additional revenue is anticipated to improve overall profitability in absolute dollar terms.

Gross profit margin as a percentage of revenue in the IE segment remained unchanged of 20.5% for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. In absolute dollar amounts, gross profit in the IE segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, was $2,206, indicating an increase of $634, compared to $1,572 in the same period in Fiscal 2025 mainly attributed by improved sales performance of aerospace-related products and higher component sales.

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***Operating Expense***

Operating expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Nine Months Ended | Nine Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| General and administrative | $6644 | $5996 |
| Selling | 633 | 542 |
| Research and development | 299 | 292 |
| Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  | (101) |
| **Total** | $7576 | $6729 |

---

General and administrative expense increased by $648, or 10.8%, from $5,996 to $6,644 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in Fiscal 2025. General and administrative expense increased primarily due to increased corporate costs related to corporate activities, stock option expense and higher personnel-related costs within the SBS and IE segments associated with headcount growth. In addition, general and administrative expense was also further impacted by the expected credit loss provisions recognized during the period related to the IE segment.

Selling expense increased by $91, or 16.8%, from $542 to $633 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in Fiscal 2025. The increase in selling expense was primarily attributable to an increase in commissionable sales in both the SBS and IE segments.

***Income / (Loss) from Operations***

Income from operations was $62 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, an increase of $275, as compared to loss from operations of $213 for the same period in Fiscal 2025. As discussed above, revenues in the SBS and IE segments increased during the period. Operating income increased primarily due to improved performance in the SBS segment, partially offset by compressed gross profit margins associated with the lower-risk nature of sales, higher operating expenses in the SBS operations, and also decreased demand in China. The IE segment also contributed to the increase, driven by improved sales performance of aerospace-related products and higher component sales.

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***Interest Expense***

Interest expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Nine Months Ended | Nine Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| Interest expense | $41 | $36 |

---

Interest expense was $41 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, an increase of $5, or 13.9%, compared to $36 for the same period of Fiscal 2025. As of March 31, 2026, The Company had an unused line of credit of $6,124 as compared to $5,797 as at March 31, 2025.

***Other Income***

Other Income for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Nine Months Ended | Nine Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| Interest income | $194 | $257 |
| Other rental income | 91 | 109 |
| Exchange loss | (53) | (207) |
| Dividend income | 371 |  |
| Other miscellaneous income | 7 | 18 |
| **Total** | $610 | $177 |

---

There was an increase of $433 in other income to $610 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to other income of $177 for the same period in Fiscal 2025. The increase was mainly due to dividend income received by Prestal Sdn. Bhd., one of the Company's subsidiaries, from an investment of unquoted shares amounting to $371 and also lower foreign exchange impact. The upsurge was partially offset by lower interest income, reflecting reduced fixed deposit placements for operating requirements and lower interest rates.

***Government Grant***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Nine Months Ended | Nine Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| Government grant | $15 | $93 |

---

In the nine months ended March 31, 2026, the Company received government grants amounting to $15, $13 consisting of an incentive from the Singapore government for local resident recruitment, and $2 related to a capital expenditure subsidy received from the government in China.

During the same period in Fiscal 2025, the Company received government grants amounting to $93, $81 consisting of an incentive from the Singapore government for local resident recruitment, and $12 related to a capital expenditure subsidy received from the government in China.

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***Income Tax Expense***

The Company's income tax expense was $287 and $196 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, and 2025, respectively. Income tax expense increased primarily due to higher GILTI expenses and withholding taxes.

***Non-controlling Interest***

As of March 31, 2026, we held a 55% interest in SHI International Pte. Ltd. and 76% interest in Prestal Enterprise Sdn. Bhd. The share of non-controlling interest in the net income from the subsidiaries for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 was $254 compared to the share of income from the non-controlling interest of $54 for the same period in Fiscal 2025. The increase in net income shared by non-controlling interest in the subsidiaries was attributable to the increase in net income generated by the Company.

The Company received the required approval from the Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry in Malaysia, and the acquisition of the remaining shares in Trio-Tech Malaysia ("TTM") was consummated on December 3, 2025. The purchase price for the acquisition was RM14,200, payable in cash, or approximately $3,503. Upon consummation of the transaction, the Company, through Trio-Tech Singapore, acquired the remaining equity interest and now owns 100% of the issued and outstanding share capital of TTM. Accordingly, the Company recognized the non-controlling interest's share of profits through the acquisition date, and no non-controlling interest will be recognized in subsequent periods.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2026, it was identified that PT SHI Indonesia, a dormant entity that was 95% owned by SHI International Pte Ltd has been dissolved and this dissolution did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

***Net Income / (Loss) Attributable to Trio-Tech International Common Shareholders***

Net income attributable to Company's common shareholders was $165 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, compared to a net loss of $224 for the same period in Fiscal 2025.

***Earnings / (Loss) per Share***

Basic earnings per share from continuing operations were $0.02 for nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to basic loss per share of $0.03 for the same period in Fiscal 2025. Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations were $nil for nine months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025.

Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations were $0.02 for nine months ended March 31, 2026 as compared to diluted loss per share of $0.03 for the same period in Fiscal 2025. Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations were $nil for nine months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025.

**Segment Information**

The revenue, gross margin, and income from operations for each segment for the six months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025 are presented below. As the revenue and gross margin for each segment were discussed in the previous section, only the comparison of income from operations is discussed below.

***Semiconductor Back-end Solutions (SBS)***

The revenue, gross margin and income from operations for the SBS segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Nine Months Ended | Nine Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| **Revenue** | $36888 | $18113 |
| **Gross margin** | 14.8% | 27.4% |
| **Income from operations** | $407 | $271 |

---

Income from operations from the SBS segment was $407 compared to income from operations of $271 in the same period in Fiscal 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to the higher gross profit generated from increased revenue, primarily driven by incremental revenue from final testing services that commenced in the final month of the first quarter. These revenues were generated from new service streams that required no capital investment and carried a lower risk profile, which resulted in lower gross profit margins. In addition, results in China were adversely impacted by the prevailing macroeconomic environment and were more favorable during the nine months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the current nine-month period. As a result, gross profit margins were lower during the current period; however, absolute gross profit and income from operations improved due to the overall increase in revenue.

Operating expense increased from $4,701 for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 to $5,053 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026. This increase of $352 in operating expense was primarily driven by increase in personnel-related costs in Malaysia and Singapore operations to support the business growth.

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***Industrial Electronics (IE)***

The revenue, gross margin, and income / (loss) from operations for the IE segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Nine Months Ended | Nine Months Ended |
|  | March 31, | March 31, |
|  | 2026 | 2025 |
|  | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) |
| **Revenue** | $10762 | $7665 |
| **Gross margin** | 20.5% | 20.5% |
| **Income / (Loss) from operations** | $226 | $(30) |

---

Income for operations from IE segment for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 was $226, an increase of $256 from loss from operations of $30 in the same period in Fiscal 2025. The increase was mainly attributable to an increase in revenue and gross profit in absolute dollar amounts. Operating expense increased from $1,602 for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 to $1,980 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026. The increase was primarily due to higher personnel-related costs associated with headcount growth, higher selling expenses derived from commissionable sales, as well as expected credit loss provisions recognized during the period. The improvement in gross profit more than offset higher operating expense, resulting in increased operating income compared to nine months ended March 31, 2025.

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**Financial Condition**

During the nine months ended March 31, 2026 total assets increased by $3,647 to $44,715 compared to $41,068 as of June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase in cash and cash equivalents. trade accounts receivable, inventories and prepaid expense, which was partially offset by a decrease in short-term deposits.

Cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposits were $15,528 at March 31, 2026, reflecting a decrease of $1,179 from $16,707 at June 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to payments made to acquire a minority interest in the Company's Malaysia operations, which more than offset the cash generated from operating activities during the period.

The trade accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2026 increased by $2,582 to $13,386, from $10,804 at June 30, 2025, primarily reflecting higher overall revenue across both segments between June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2026. The overall increase in trade receivables was primarily attributable to higher sales from the Company's Malaysia and Singapore operations during the current quarter. The number of days' sales outstanding in trade receivables for group decreased in current quarter to 69 days from 106 days at June 30, 2025.

Other receivables at March 31, 2026, were $511, a decrease of $97, compared to $608 at June 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower advance payments made to suppliers for goods and services in the Company's Singapore operations.

Inventories at March 31, 2026, were $2,472, an increase of $210, compared to $2,262 at June 30, 2025. The increase in inventories was primarily attributable to higher backlog levels in the Company's Singapore and Malaysia operations to support ongoing order fulfillment.

Prepaid expense increased to $555 as of March 31, 2026 from $384 as of June 30, 2025, and primarily related to insurance, rental and software license fees.

Investment properties' net in China was $305 at March 31, 2026 and $345 at June 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by the depreciation charged and foreign currency exchange movement between June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2026.

Property, plant and equipment decreased by $27 from $6,021 at June 30, 2025, to $5,994 at March 31, 2026, mainly due to depreciation charged for the period and foreign currency movements between June 30, 2025 to March 31, 2026 in spite of acquisition of machinery and equipment in the current quarter attributable to the Company's operation in Malaysia.

Other assets increased by $13 to $244 at March 31, 2026 compared to $231 at June 30, 2025. This was primarily due to rental deposit and foreign currency exchange movement between June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2026.

Accounts payable increased by $3,802 to $5,698 at March 31, 2026, compared to $1,896 at June 30, 2025. The increase in trade payables during the quarter was aligned with increased revenue in the Company's Malaysia and Singapore operations and was driven by higher supplier purchases to support growing operations.

Contract liabilities decreased by $158 to $92 at March 31, 2026 as compared to $250 at June 30, 2025. The decrease in contract liabilities was primarily attributable to lower customer deposits from our operations in Singapore.

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Bank loans payable decreased by $169 to $515 as of March 31, 2026, as compared to $684 as of June 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to scheduled debt repayments, no new borrowing activity during the period and the impact of foreign currency exchange movements between June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2026.

Finance leases decreased by $42 to $1 at March 31, 2026, as compared to $43 at June 30, 2025. This was due to the lease repayments, with no new lease additions during the period between June 30, 2025 and March 31, 2026.

Operating lease right-of-use assets and the corresponding lease liability increased by $2,006 to $2,870 at March 31, 2026, as compared to $864 at June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to the commencement of new lease and also a lease renewal during the current financial year in the Company's Singapore operations.

**Liquidity Comparison** 

Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $1,283 to an inflow of $2,318 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, from an inflow of $1,035 for the same period in Fiscal 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to favorable changes in working capital of approximately $1,218 and also improved operating performance, as the Company generated net income during the current period compared to a net loss in the prior-year period. The favorable working capital changes were primarily driven by an increase in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and contract liabilities of approximately $5,814, partially offset by an increase in trade receivables of approximately $4,430, resulting from higher revenue levels and the timing of customer collections.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $1,965 for the nine months ended March 31, 2026 an increase of $2,064 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $99 for the same period in Fiscal 2025. This was primarily due to a higher net withdrawal from unrestricted term deposits upon maturity for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, and were held in cash to fund the upcoming operational expansion and capital requirements.

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended March 31, 2026, was $3,035, representing an increase of $2,939, compared to cash outflows of $96 during the nine months ended March 31, 2025. The outflow of cash in financing activities was mainly attributable to the acquisition of non-controlling interest in a foreign subsidiary. This was partially offset by proceeds from exercising stock options of $888 and proceeds from lines of credit of $856 in the nine months period ended March 31, 2026. The outstanding balance under lines of credit totaling of $1,003 was fully repaid, as of March 31, 2026.

The Company filed a shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), pursuant to which we may raise capital of up to $50 million in any combination of securities including Common Stock, warrants and units, for certain capital expenditures, to finance possible acquisitions, to increase ownership or purchase the remaining equity in subsidiaries partially owned by the Company, and/or for general corporate purposes, including working capital.

Subsequent to March 31, 2026, on April 24, 2026, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain purchasers, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell an aggregate of 1,052,632 shares of its Common Stock in a registered direct offering at a purchase price of $9.50 per share, utilizing the shelf registration statement filed with the SEC (the "Offering"). The Offering closed on April 27, 2026, resulting in aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $10.0 million, before deducting placement agent commissions and other Offering-related expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes.

**ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES**

An evaluation was carried out by the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as March 31, 2026, the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable level.

**Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting** 

There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2026, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

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**TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL**

**<u>PART II. OTHER INFORMATION</u>**

**ITEM 1.**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **LEGAL PROCEEDINGS**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 1A.**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **RISK FACTORS**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 2.**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 3.**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 4.**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES**

Not applicable.

**ITEM *5.***&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **OTHER INFORMATION**

**Cybersecurity Incident**

On *March 11, 2026,* the Company identified a cybersecurity incident affecting *one* of its subsidiaries in Singapore (the "Subsidiary"). The incident involved a ransomware attack that resulted in the encryption of certain files within the Subsidiary's network. On *March 18, 2026,* the incident had escalated and resulted in the unauthorized disclosure of certain Company data.

Upon discovery of the cybersecurity incident, the Subsidiary promptly activated its incident response protocols and implemented containment measures, including proactively taking its network offline, engaged *third*-party cybersecurity experts to assist with the investigation and remediation efforts, as well as notified relevant law enforcement authorities in Singapore. The Company has since restored affected systems and enhanced monitoring across its network environment. To date, we believe that the containment actions have been effective, and since the initiation of these efforts, we have not observed any evidence of new unauthorized activity. The investigation by the relevant law enforcement authorities remains ongoing and the Company *may* be subject to potential fines or penalties. The Subsidiary continues monitoring the status of investigation and the Company does *not* currently expect any material financial impact from the cybersecurity incident.

The Company has maintained cybersecurity insurance coverage that could mitigate possible costs and losses associated with the incident, including those related to impacted data, litigation, regulatory actions, and related matters.

As of the date of this report, the incident has *not* resulted in any material disruption to the Company's operation, nor has it had a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations for the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026.* 

**ITEM 6.**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **EXHIBITS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 31.1 | [<u>Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer of Registrant</u>](ex_926413.htm) |
| 31.2 | [<u>Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer of Registrant</u>](ex_926414.htm) |
| 32 | [<u>Section 1350 Certification</u>](ex_926415.htm) |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - 44 -

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**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL** | **TRIO-TECH INTERNATIONAL** |
| By: | <u>/s/ Srinivasan Anitha</u><br> SRINIVASAN ANITHA<br> Chief Financial Officer<br> (Principal Financial Officer)<br> Dated: May 14, 2026 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - 45 -

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

**CERTIFICATIONS**

I, S. W. Yong, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Trio-Tech International, a California corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: May 14, 2026

<u>/s/ S. W. Yong</u>

S. W. Yong, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

I, <u>Srinivasan Anitha</u>, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Trio-Tech International, a California corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: May 14, 2026

<u>/s/ Srinivasan Anitha</u>

Srinivasan Anitha , Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

## Ex-32

**Exhibit 32**

SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION

Each of the undersigned, S.W. Yong, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Trio-Tech International, a California corporation (the "Company"), and Srinivasan Anitha, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his or her knowledge (1) the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

<u>/s/ S. W. Yong</u>

Name: S. W. Yong

Title: Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Dated: May 14, 2026

<u>/s/</u><u> </u><u>Srinivasan Anitha</u>

Name: Srinivasan Anitha

Title: Chief Financial Officer

Dated: May 14, 2026

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.