# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001354327
**File Stem:** 0000950103-23-002975
**Filing Date:** 2023-2
**Character Count:** 97179
**Document Hash:** 57ccfbc5d14cdc04195929a7b045824b
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0000950103-23-002975.hdr.sgml**: 20230224

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0000950103-23-002975

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 13

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20230217

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Financial Statements and Exhibits

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230224

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230224

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** PGT Innovations, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001354327
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** METAL DOORS, SASH, FRAMES, MOLDING & TRIM [3442]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 200634715
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-37971
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23667932

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1070 TECHNOLOGY DRIVE
- **CITY:** NORTH VENICE
- **STATE:** FL
- **ZIP:** 34275
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 941-480-1600

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1070 TECHNOLOGY DRIVE
- **CITY:** NORTH VENICE
- **STATE:** FL
- **ZIP:** 34275

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** PGT, Inc.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20060223

?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 8-K**

**CURRENT REPORT**

**Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934**

**Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): February 17, 2023**

**PGT Innovations, Inc.**

**(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **001-37971** | **20-0634715** |
| **(State or Other Jurisdiction**<br>**of Incorporation)**  | **(Commission File Number)** | **(IRS Employer** <br> **Identification No.)**<br>|

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **1070 Technology Drive** |  |
| **North Venice, Florida** | **34275** |
| **(Address of Principal Executive Offices)** | **(Zip Code)** |

---

**Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: 941 480-1600**

**(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)**

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

**Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class**<br>| **Trading**<br>**Symbol(s)**<br>| **Name of each exchange on which registered**<br>|
| Common stock, par value $0.01 per share | PGTI | The New York Stock Exchange |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 5.02.** | **Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.** |

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*Annual Cash Incentive Plan*

On February 17, 2023, the Board of Directors (the "Board") of PGT Innovations, Inc. (the "Company"), in accordance with the recommendation of the Compensation Committee of the Board (the "Compensation Committee"), adopted the PGT Innovations, Inc. Annual Cash Incentive Plan (the "Plan"). The Plan permits the grant of annual cash incentive awards to key employees of the Company selected by the Compensation Committee based on the attainment of pre-established financial or non-financial performance objectives.

*Clawback Policy*

On February 17, 2023, the Board, in accordance with the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, adopted the PGT Innovations, Inc. Amended and Restated Clawback Policy (the "Clawback Policy"). The Clawback Policy, which is administered by the Compensation Committee, requires the Compensation Committee to seek recoupment of excessive incentive-based compensation received by (i) the Company's employees who are "officers" as defined under Rule 16a-1(f) Section 16 of the Exchange Act, (ii) the Company's employees who are "executive officers" as defined under Rule 3b-7 of the Exchange Act or (iii) the Company's controller, in the event that the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement that corrects an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period.

The foregoing descriptions of the terms of the Plan and the Clawback Policy do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the Plan and the Clawback Policy, respectively, which will be filed as exhibits to the Company's next Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 5.03.** | **Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.** |

---

On February 17, 2023, in connection with the adoption of Rule 14a-19 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), by the Securities and Exchange Commission, certain recent changes to the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL") and a periodic review of the Company's by-laws, the Board approved an amendment and restatement of the Company's Amended and Restated By-Laws (the "By-Laws" and, as so amended and restated, the "Second Amended and Restated By-Laws") effective immediately. The Second Amended and Restated By-Laws, among other things:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Modify the provision relating to access to the list of stockholders
entitled to vote at stockholder meetings to reflect recent amendments to the DGCL;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Enhance procedural mechanics and disclosure requirements
in connection with stockholder nominations of directors and submissions of stockholder proposals at stockholder meetings, including without
limitation, by requiring additional disclosures from nominating or proposing stockholders, proposed nominees and other persons associated
with nominating or proposing stockholders; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Address other matters relating to the use of universal proxy
cards and solicitations by stockholders pursuant to Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act (the "Universal Proxy Rules") (*e.g.*,
providing that the Company may exclude nominations if a stockholder fails to satisfy applicable legal requirements, requiring stockholders
intending to use the Universal Proxy Rules to provide reasonable evidence of the satisfaction of the requirements under the Universal
Proxy Rules at least five business days before the applicable meeting, and to use a proxy card color other than white when soliciting
proxies from other stockholders).

The foregoing summary of, and the description of the revisions to, the Second Amended and Restated By-Laws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Second Amended and Restated By-Laws, a copy of which is filed hereto as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K, and incorporated herein by reference.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 9.01.** | **Financial Statements and Exhibits** |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Exhibits

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Exhibit No. | Description |
| [3.1](dp189434_ex0301.htm) | [Second Amended and Restated By-Laws of PGT Innovations, Inc., effective as of February 17, 2023](dp189434_ex0301.htm) |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Date File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |

---

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | PGT INNOVATIONS, INC. |
| Date: | February 24, 2023 | By: | /s/ Ryan S. Quinn |
|  |  |  | Name: Ryan S. Quinn<br>Title: General Counsel and Corporate Secretary  |

---

## Exhibit 3.1

**Exhibit 3.1**

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

BY-LAWS

OF

PGT INNOVATIONS, INC.

A Delaware Corporation

**TABLE OF CONTENTS** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Page** |
| ARTICLE I<br> OFFICES | ARTICLE I<br> OFFICES | ARTICLE I<br> OFFICES |
| Section 1. | Registered Office | 1 |
| Section 2. | Other Offices | 1 |
| ARTICLE II<br> MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS | ARTICLE II<br> MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS | ARTICLE II<br> MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS |
| Section 1. | Time and Place of Meetings | 1 |
| Section 2. | Annual Meetings | 1 |
| Section 3. | Special Meetings | 1 |
| Section 4. | Notice | 2 |
| Section 5. | Nature of Business at Meetings of Stockholders | 2 |
| Section 6. | Adjournments | 4 |
| Section 7. | Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting | 4 |
| Section 8. | Quorum | 4 |
| Section 9. | Voting | 4 |
| Section 10. | Proxies | 4 |
| Section 11. | List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote | 5 |
| Section 12. | Record Date | 6 |
| Section 13. | Stock Ledger | 6 |
| Section 14. | Conduct of Meetings | 6 |
| Section 15. | Inspectors of Election | 6 |
| ARTICLE III<br> DIRECTORS | ARTICLE III<br> DIRECTORS | ARTICLE III<br> DIRECTORS |
| Section 1. | Number, Election, and Term of Directors | 7 |
| Section 2. | Nomination of Directors | 7 |
| Section 3. | Vacancies | 9 |
| Section 4. | Duties and Powers | 9 |
| Section 5. | Meetings | 9 |
| Section 6. | Organization | 10 |
| Section 7. | Resignations and Removals of Directors | 10 |
| Section 8. | Quorum | 10 |

---

-i-

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

(continued)

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Page** |
| Section 9. | Meetings by Means of Conference Telephone | 10 |
| Section 10. | Committees | 11 |
| Section 11. | Compensation | 11 |
| Section 12. | Interested Directors | 11 |
| ARTICLE IV<br> OFFICERS | ARTICLE IV<br> OFFICERS | ARTICLE IV<br> OFFICERS |
| Section 1. | General | 12 |
| Section 2. | Election or Appointment | 12 |
| Section 3. | Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation | 12 |
| Section 4. | Chairman of the Board of Directors | 13 |
| Section 5. | Chief Executive Officer | 13 |
| Section 6. | President | 13 |
| Section 7. | Vice Presidents | 13 |
| Section 8. | Secretary | 14 |
| Section 9. | Treasurer | 14 |
| Section 10. | Assistant Secretaries | 15 |
| Section 11. | Assistant Treasurers | 15 |
| Section 12. | Other Officers | 15 |
| ARTICLE V<br> STOCK | ARTICLE V<br> STOCK | ARTICLE V<br> STOCK |
| Section 1. | Form of Certificates | 15 |
| Section 2. | Signatures | 15 |
| Section 3. | Lost Certificates | 15 |
| Section 4. | Transfers | 16 |
| Section 5. | Dividend Record Date | 16 |
| Section 6. | Record Owners | 16 |
| Section 7. | Transfer and Registry Agents | 16 |
| ARTICLE VI<br> NOTICES | ARTICLE VI<br> NOTICES | ARTICLE VI<br> NOTICES |
| Section 1. | Notices | 16 |
| Section 2. | Waivers of Notice | 17 |

---

-ii-

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

(continued)

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Page** |
| ARTICLE VII<br> GENERAL PROVISIONS | ARTICLE VII<br> GENERAL PROVISIONS | ARTICLE VII<br> GENERAL PROVISIONS |
| Section 1. | Dividends | 18 |
| Section 2. | Disbursements | 18 |
| Section 3. | Fiscal Year | 18 |
| Section 4. | Corporate Seal | 18 |
| ARTICLE VIII<br> INDEMNIFICATION | ARTICLE VIII<br> INDEMNIFICATION | ARTICLE VIII<br> INDEMNIFICATION |
| Section 1. | Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings other than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation | 19 |
| Section 2. | Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation | 19 |
| Section 3. | Authorization of Indemnification | 19 |
| Section 4. | Good Faith Defined | 20 |
| Section 5. | Indemnification by a Court | 20 |
| Section 6. | Expenses Payable in Advance | 20 |
| Section 7. | Nonexclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses | 21 |
| Section 8. | Insurance | 21 |
| Section 9. | Certain Definitions | 21 |
| Section 10. | Survival of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses | 22 |
| Section 11. | Limitation on Indemnification | 22 |
| Section 12. | Indemnification of Employees and Agents | 22 |
| ARTICLE IX<br> AMENDMENTS | ARTICLE IX<br> AMENDMENTS | ARTICLE IX<br> AMENDMENTS |
| Section 1. | Amendments | 22 |
| Section 2. | Entire Board of Directors | 23 |

---

-iii-

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS

OF PGT INNOVATIONS, INC.

(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)

(hereinafter called the "Corporation")

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware.

Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware, as the board of directors of the Corporation (the "Board of Directors") may from time to time determine.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1. Time and Place of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that a meeting of the stockholders shall not be held at any place but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication in the manner authorized by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended and supplemented from time to time, or any successor thereto (the "DGCL").

Section 2. Annual Meetings. The Annual Meeting of Stockholders for the election of directors shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. Any other proper business may be transacted at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

Section 3. Special Meetings. Unless otherwise required by law or by the certificate of incorporation of the Corporation, as amended and restated from time to time (the "Certificate of Incorporation"), Special Meetings of Stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, may be called by either the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, or the Chief Executive Officer and shall be called by any officer at the request in writing of (i) the Board of Directors or (ii) a committee of the Board of Directors that has been duly designated by the Board of Directors and whose powers and authority include the power to call such meetings. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. At a Special Meeting of Stockholders, only such business shall be conducted as shall be specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto). The ability of the stockholders to call a Special Meeting of Stockholders is hereby specifically denied.

Section 4. Notice. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting shall be given that shall state the place, if any, date, and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in the case of a Special Meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise required by law, written notice of any meeting shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting.

Section 5. Nature of Business at Meetings of Stockholders. No business may be transacted at an Annual Meeting of Stockholders, other than business that is either (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of a majority of the entire Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (b) otherwise properly brought before the Annual Meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), or (c) otherwise properly brought before the Annual Meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 5 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such Annual Meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 5.

In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before an Annual Meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation and appear at the Annual Meeting to present its proposal. If a stockholder does not appear at the Annual Meeting to present its proposal, such proposal will be disregarded (notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such proposal may have been solicited, obtained or delivered).

To be timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding Annual Meeting of Stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the Annual Meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the Annual Meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the Annual Meeting was made, whichever first occurs.

To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must set forth as to each matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the Annual Meeting: (A) information regarding the proposal: (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the Annual Meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the Annual Meeting, (ii) a description in reasonable detail of any material interest of such stockholder in such business, including a description in reasonable detail of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between the stockholder and any other person or entity (including their names) in connection with the proposal, and (iii) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration), and (B) information regarding the stockholder: (i) the name and record address of such stockholder, such beneficial owner, if any, any of their respective affiliates or associates, and any others acting in concert with any of the foregoing (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any person from whom the stockholder giving the notice is receiving funding to fund the proxy proposal and related expenses) (any of the foregoing, a "stockholder associated person") , (ii) the class or series and number of shares of

capital stock of the Corporation that are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder or any stockholder associated person, (iii) a representation that such stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting and intends to appear in person at the Annual Meeting to bring such business before the meeting, (iv) a representation as to whether the stockholder or any stockholder associated person intends to deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy, on a card to be a color other than white, to holders of at least the percentage of shares of the Corporation entitled to vote and required to approve the proposal (and in the case of electing a director nominee, such percentage to be at least 67%) and, if so, identifying such person, (v) a description of any (1) option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right or similar right or interest of the corporation (including any derivative securities, as defined under Rule 16(a)(1) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), whether or not presently exercisable, with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of securities of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series of securities of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right is subject to settlement in whole or in part in the underlying class or series of securities of the Corporation or otherwise, directly or indirectly held of record or owned beneficially by such stockholder or any stockholder associated person and (2) each other direct or indirect right or interest that may enable such stockholder or any stockholder associated person to profit or share in any profit derived from, or to manage the risk or benefit from, any increase or decrease in the value of the Corporation's securities, in each case regardless of whether (x) such right or interest conveys any voting rights in such security to such stockholder or any stockholder associated person, (y) such right or interest is required to be, or is capable of being, settled through delivery of such security, or (z) such stockholder or any stockholder associated person may have entered into other transactions that hedge the economic effect of any such right or interest (any such right or interest referred to in this clause (v) being a "Derivative Interest"), (vi) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which the stockholder or any stockholder associated person has a right to vote any shares of the Corporation or which has the effect of increasing or decreasing the voting power of such stockholder or any stockholder associated person, (vii) any rights directly or indirectly held of record or beneficially by the stockholder or any stockholder associated person to dividends on the shares of the Corporation that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (viii) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) to which the stockholder or any stockholder associated person may be entitled as a result of any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation or Derivative Interests, (ix) such other information relating to such stockholder or any stockholder associated person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, to be made in connection with a general solicitation of proxies or consents by such stockholder in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting, (x) a description of any other business being brought by such stockholder or stockholder associated person and (xi) and a representation that such stockholder will notify the Corporation in writing upon occurrence of any event that would cause the responses to any of items B(i)-(x) to be changed as of the record date for the meeting promptly following the later of the record date or the date notice of the record date is first publicly disclosed.

A stockholder is not entitled to have its proposal included in the Corporation's proxy statement and form of proxy solely as a result of such stockholder's compliance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 5.

No business shall be conducted at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders except business brought before the Annual Meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 5; provided, however, that, once business has been properly brought before the Annual Meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 5 shall be deemed to preclude

discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the chairman of an Annual Meeting determines that business was not properly brought before the Annual Meeting in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chairman shall declare to the meeting that the business was not properly brought before the meeting and such business shall not be transacted.

Section 6. Adjournments. Any meeting of the stockholders may be adjourned from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, thereof and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting in accordance with the requirements of Section 4 hereof shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting.

Section 7. Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting. No stockholder action required to be taken or that may be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation may be taken without a meeting, and the power of stockholders to consent in writing without a meeting to the taking of any action is specifically denied.

Section 8. Quorum. Unless otherwise required by applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, the holders of a majority of the Corporation's capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, in the manner provided in Section 6 hereof, until a quorum shall be present or represented.

Section 9. Voting. Unless otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Amended and Restated By-Laws (the "By-Laws") or the rules of any stock exchange on which the Corporation's shares are listed and traded, any question brought before any meeting of the stockholders, other than the election of directors, shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the total number of votes of the Corporation's capital stock represented and entitled to vote on such question, voting as a single class. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, and subject to Section 12 of this Article II, each stockholder represented at a meeting of the stockholders shall be entitled to cast one (1) vote for each share of the capital stock entitled to vote thereat held by such stockholder. Such votes may be cast in person or by proxy as provided in Section 10 of this Article II. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the Corporation presiding at a meeting of the stockholders, in such officer's discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting be cast by written ballot.

Section 10. Proxies. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of the stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted upon after three years from its date, unless such proxy specifically provides for a

longer period of time with a termination date specified therein. Each proxy shall be revocable unless expressly provided therein to be irrevocable or unless otherwise made irrevocable by law. Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy, the following shall constitute a valid means by which a stockholder may grant such authority:

(i) A stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the stockholder or such stockholder's authorized officer's, director's, employee's, or agent's signing such writing or causing such person's signature to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable means, including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature.

(ii) A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telegram, cablegram, or other means of electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization, or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such telegram, cablegram, or other means of electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the telegram, cablegram, or other electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. If it is determined that such telegrams, cablegrams, or other electronic transmissions are valid, the inspectors or, if there are no inspectors, such other persons making that determination shall specify the information on which they relied.

Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission authorizing another person or persons to act as proxy for a stockholder may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used; provided, however, that such copy, facsimile telecommunication, or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission.

Section 11. List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The officer of the Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall, either directly or through another officer of the Corporation designated by such officer or through a transfer agent appointed by the Board of Directors, prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of the stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting (i) either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation.

Section 12. Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of the stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

Section 13. Stock Ledger. The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by Section 11 of this Article II, or the books of the Corporation or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders.

Section 14. Conduct of Meetings. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of any meeting of the stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of the stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations, and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations, or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) the determination of when the polls shall open and close for any given matter to be voted on at the meeting; (iii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iv) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies, or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (v) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (vi) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants.

Section 15. Inspectors of Election. In advance of any meeting of the stockholders, the Board of Directors, by resolution, the Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. One or more other persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of the stockholders, the chairman of the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, inspectors may be officers, employees, or agents of the Corporation. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of the duties of inspector, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and

according to the best of such inspector's ability. The inspector shall have the duties prescribed by law and shall take charge of the polls and, when the vote is completed, shall make a certificate of the result of the vote taken and of such other facts as may be required by applicable law.

ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

Section 1. Number, Election, and Term of Directors. The Board of Directors shall consist of not less than three (3) nor more than thirteen (13) members, the exact number of which shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of Directors then in office. Except as provided in Section 3 of this Article III, directors shall be elected to fill the board seats of directors whose terms expire at each Annual Meeting of Stockholders by a plurality of the votes cast at such meeting. Directors need not be stockholders.

The directors shall be divided into three classes, designated Class I, Class II, and Class III. Each class shall consist, as nearly as may be possible, of one third of the total number of directors constituting the entire Board of Directors. The initial division of the Board of Directors into classes shall be made by the decision of the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors. The term of the initial Class I directors shall terminate on the date of the 2007 Annual Meeting; the term of the initial Class II directors shall terminate on the date of the 2008 Annual Meeting; and the term of the initial Class III directors shall terminate on the date of the 2009 Annual Meeting. At each Annual Meeting of Stockholders beginning in 2007, successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that Annual Meeting shall be elected for a three year term and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any additional director of any class elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in such class or from the removal from office, death, disability, resignation, or disqualification of a director or other cause shall hold office for a term that shall coincide with the remaining term of that class, but in no case will a decrease in the number of directors have the effect of removing or shortening the term of any incumbent director.

Section 2. Nomination of Directors. Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation, except as may be otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation with respect to the right of holders of preferred stock of the Corporation to nominate and elect a specified number of directors in certain circumstances. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at any Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or at any Special Meeting of Stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (b) by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.

In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the

Secretary of the Corporation and appear at the meeting of stockholders to present its nomination. If a stockholder does not appear at the meeting of stockholders to present its nomination, such nomination will be disregarded (notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such nomination may have been solicited, obtained or delivered).

To be timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (a) in the case of an Annual Meeting, not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one hundred twenty (120) days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding Annual Meeting of Stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the Annual Meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the Annual Meeting was mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the Annual Meeting was made, whichever first occurs; and (b) in the case of a Special Meeting of Stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which notice of the date of the Special Meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the Special Meeting was made, whichever first occurs.

To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must set forth: (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director, (i) (x) all information with respect to such nominee that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder's notice pursuant to Article II, Section 5(B) if such nominee were a stockholder and (y) whether any such nominee is a principal, employee or affiliate of such stockholder or any stockholder associated person, (ii) all information relating to such nominee that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (including such nominee's written consent to be named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected), (iii) the principal occupation or employment of the nominee, (iv) all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Items 403 and 404 under Regulation S-K if the stockholder giving the notice were the "registrant" for purposes of such rule and the proposed nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant, (v) a completed questionnaire (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) with respect to the identity, background and qualification of the proposed nominee and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, and (vi) a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that the proposed nominee (1) is not and will not become a party to (x) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how the proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a "Voting Commitment") that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (y) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with the proposed nominee's ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with the proposed nominee's fiduciary duties under applicable law, (2) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been otherwise disclosed to the Corporation, and (3) if elected as a director of the Corporation, the proposed nominee would be in compliance and will comply, with all applicable publicly disclosed

corporate governance, ethics, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation, and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice, the information set forth in Article II, Section 5(B) (except that for purposes of this Section 2, any reference to "business" or "proposal" therein will be deemed to be a reference to the "nomination" contemplated by this Section 2).

A stockholder is not entitled to have its nomination included in the Corporation's proxy statement and form of proxy solely as a result of such stockholder's compliance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.

No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2. If the chairman of the meeting determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chairman shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective and such defective nomination shall be disregarded.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these bylaws, unless otherwise required by law, if any stockholder or stockholder associated person (a) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) under the Exchange Act with respect to any proposed nominee and (b) subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) under the Exchange Act (or fails to timely provide reasonable evidence sufficient to satisfy the Corporation that such stockholder or stockholder associated person has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) under the Exchange Act in accordance with the following sentence), then the nomination of each such proposed nominee shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of the election of such proposed nominees may have been received by the Corporation (which proxies and votes shall be disregarded). Upon request by the Corporation, if any stockholder or stockholder associated person provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) under the Exchange Act, such stockholder or stockholder associated person shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than five (5) business days prior to the applicable meeting, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) under the Exchange Act.

Section 3. Vacancies. Unless otherwise required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, vacancies on the Board of Directors or any committee thereof arising through death, resignation, removal, an increase in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors or such committee, or otherwise may be filled only by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Any director so chosen shall, in the case of the Board of Directors, hold office for a term that shall coincide with the remaining term of the class of directors to which such director is appointed and until such director's successor is duly elected and qualified, or until such director's earlier death, resignation, or removal and, in the case of any committee of the Board of Directors, shall hold office until such director's successor is duly appointed by the Board of Directors or until such director's earlier death, resignation, or removal. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by the DGCL.

Section 4. Duties and Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

Section 5. Meetings. The Board of Directors and any committee thereof may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof may be held without notice at such time and at such place as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman, if there be one, the President, or by a majority of the entire Board of Directors. Special meetings of any committee of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of such committee, if there be one, the President, or any director serving on such committee. Notice thereof stating the place, date, and hour of the meeting shall be given to each director (or, in the case of a committee, to each director that is a member of such committee) either personally, by mail, internationally recognized overnight courier, telephone, telegram, telex, cable, or electronic transmission, with any delivery fee thereof prepaid, not less than twenty-four (24) hours before the date of the meeting.

Section 6. Organization. At each meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the Chairman of such committee, as the case may be, or, in his or her absence or if there is none, a director chosen by a majority of the directors present shall act as chairman. Except as provided below, the Secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary at each meeting of the Board of Directors and of each committee thereof. In case the Secretary shall be absent from any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof, an Assistant Secretary shall perform the duties of secretary at such meeting; and, in the absence from any such meeting of the Secretary and all the Assistant Secretaries, the chairman of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the members of each committee of the Board of Directors may appoint any person to act as secretary of any meeting of such committee, and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Corporation may, but need not if such committee so elects, serve in such capacity.

Section 7. Resignations and Removals of Directors. Any director of the Corporation may resign from the Board of Directors or any committee thereof at any time, by giving notice in writing to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or the Secretary of the Corporation or, in the case of a committee, to the Chairman of such committee, if there be one. Such resignation shall take effect at the time therein specified or, if no time is specified, immediately; and, unless otherwise specified in such notice, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Except as otherwise required by applicable law and subject to the rights, if any, of the holders of shares of preferred stock then outstanding, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause, and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote in the election of directors. Any director serving on a committee of the Board of Directors may be removed from such committee at any time by the Board of Directors.

Section 8. Quorum. Except as otherwise required by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, at all meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, a majority of the entire Board of Directors or a majority of the directors constituting such committee, as the case may be, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors or such committee, as applicable. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, provided that notice of the time and place of the adjourned meeting be sent to the absent directors in accordance with these By-laws, until a quorum shall be present.

Section 9. Meetings by Means of Conference Telephone. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, shall have the right to participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 9 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

Section 10. Committees. The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more directors of the Corporation. Each member of a committee must meet the requirements for membership, if any, imposed by applicable law and the rules and regulations of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the securities of the Corporation are listed or quoted for trading. The Board of Directors may designate as alternate members of any committee one or more directors who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of any such committee. Subject to the rules and regulations of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the securities of the Corporation are listed or quoted for trading, in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee and in the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors of an alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member, an alternate member shall be designated by the Board of Directors to replace the absent or disqualified member. Any committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided in the resolution establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but in no event shall such committee have power or authority in reference to the following matters: (a) approving or adopting, or recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter (other than the election or removal of directors) expressly required by the DGCL to be submitted to the stockholders for approval or (b) making, adopting, amending or repealing any provision of these By-laws. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and report to the Board of Directors when required. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Article III, the resolution establishing any committee of the Board of Directors or the charter of any such committee may establish requirements or procedures relating to the governance or operation of such committee that are different from, or in addition to, those set forth in these By-Laws and, to the extent that there is any inconsistency between these By-Laws and any such resolution or charter, the terms of such resolution or charter shall be controlling.

Section 11. Compensation. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and a stated compensation for service as director, payable, in each case, in cash or securities and in such amount as determined by the Board of Directors. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for service as committee members.

Section 12. Interested Directors. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or officers or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof that authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because any such director's or officer's vote is counted for such purpose if: (i) the material facts as to the director's or officer's relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a

quorum; or (ii) the material facts as to the director's or officer's relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved, or ratified by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof, or the stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee that authorizes the contract or transaction.

ARTICLE IV

OFFICERS

Section 1. General. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall be a President, a Secretary, and a Treasurer.

The Board of Directors, in its discretion, also may choose a Chairman of the Board of Directors (who must be a director), a Chief Executive Officer, and one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers, and other officers. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-Laws. The officers of the Corporation need not be stockholders of the Corporation nor, except in the case of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, need such officers be directors of the Corporation.

Section 2. Election or Appointment. The Board of Directors, at its first meeting held after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders, shall elect or appoint the officers of the Corporation who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; and each officer of the Corporation shall hold office until such officer's successor is elected or appointed and qualified, or until such officer's earlier death, resignation, or removal. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee thereof.

Section 3. Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents, and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or any Vice President or any other officer authorized to do so by the Board of Directors, and any such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and power incident to the ownership of such securities that, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.

Section 4. Chairman of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors at which he is present. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors.

Section 5. Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors and, if there be one, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, have general supervision of the business and affairs of the Corporation and of its several officers, other than the Chairman, and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. The Chief Executive Officer shall have the power to execute, by and on behalf of the Corporation, all deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, or other agreements and instruments, except in cases in which the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or these By-Laws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise signed or executed. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, provided the Chief Executive Officer is also a director, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. The Chief Executive Officer shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as may from time to time be assigned to such officer by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors.

Section 6. President. The President shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, and the Chief Executive Officer, if there be one, have general supervision of the business and affairs of the Corporation. The President shall have the power to execute all bonds, mortgages, contracts and other instruments of the Corporation requiring a seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except when required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except that the other officers of the Corporation may sign and execute documents when so authorized by these By-Laws, the Board of Directors, or the Chief Executive Officer. In general, the President shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the Chief Executive Officer. In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive Officer, or if there be none, the President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, provided the President is also a director, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. If there be no Chief Executive Officer, the Board of Directors shall designate the President in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event of the inability or refusal of the Chief Executive Officer to act, to perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer and, when so acting, the President shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Chief Executive Officer.

Section 7. Vice Presidents. At the request of the Chief Executive Officer, if there be one, or the President, or in the President's absence, or in the event of the President's inability or refusal to act (and if there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors), the Vice President, or the Vice Presidents (any of which may be designated as Senior Vice Presidents by the Board of Directors), if there are more than one (in the order designated by the Board of Directors), shall perform the duties of the President and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be

subject to all the restrictions upon the President. Each Vice President shall have the power to execute, by and on behalf of the Corporation, deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, or other agreements and instruments, except in cases in which the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or these By-Laws to some other officer of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise signed or executed. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President from time to time may prescribe. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors, no Chief Executive Officer, and no Vice President, the Board of Directors shall designate the officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of the President or in the event of the inability or refusal of the President to act, shall perform the duties of the President and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President.

Section 8. Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the Secretary shall also perform like duties for committees of the Board of Directors when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President, under whose supervision the Secretary shall be. If the Secretary shall be unable or shall refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and if there be no Assistant Secretary, then either the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President may choose another officer to cause such notice to be given. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation, and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and, when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or by the signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest to the affixing by such officer's signature. The Secretary shall see that all books, reports, statements, certificates, and other documents and records required by law to be kept or filed are properly kept or filed, as the case may be.

Section 9. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities, and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation, and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chief Executive Officer, the President, and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of the office of the Treasurer and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of the Treasurer's death, resignation, retirement, or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money, and other property of whatever kind in the Treasurer's possession or under the Treasurer's control belonging to the Corporation.

Section 10. Assistant Secretaries. Assistant Secretaries, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Secretary, and in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary's inability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Secretary, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary.

Section 11. Assistant Treasurers. Assistant Treasurers, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Treasurer, and in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of the Treasurer's inability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Treasurer. If required by the Board of Directors, an Assistant Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of the office of Assistant Treasurer and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of the Assistant Treasurer's death, resignation, retirement, or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money, and other property of whatever kind in the Assistant Treasurer's possession or under the Assistant Treasurer's control belonging to the Corporation.

Section 12. Other Officers. Such other officers as the Board of Directors may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate to any other officer of the Corporation the power to choose such other officers and to prescribe their respective duties, compensation, and powers.

ARTICLE V

STOCK

Section 1. Form of Certificates. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of, the Corporation (i) by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President, or a Vice President and (ii) by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by such stockholder in the Corporation.

Section 2. Signatures. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue.

Section 3. Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the

issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate, or such owner's legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as the Board of Directors shall require and to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation on account of the alleged loss, theft, or destruction of such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

Section 4. Transfers. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by applicable law and in these By-Laws. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in the certificate or by such person's attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, properly endorsed for transfer and payment of all necessary transfer taxes; provided, however, that such surrender and endorsement or payment of taxes shall not be required in any case in which the officers of the Corporation shall determine to waive such requirement. Every certificate exchanged, returned, or surrendered to the Corporation shall be marked "Cancelled," with the date of cancellation, by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or the transfer agent thereof. No transfer of stock shall be valid as against the Corporation for any purpose until it shall have been entered in the stock records of the Corporation by an entry showing from and to whom transferred.

Section 5. Dividend Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion, or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

Section 6. Record Owners. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise required by law.

Section 7. Transfer and Registry Agents. The Corporation may from time to time maintain one or more transfer offices or agencies and registry offices or agencies at such place or places as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE VI

NOTICES

Section 1. Notices. Whenever written notice is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member of a committee, or stockholder, such notice may be given by mail or via an internationally recognized overnight

courier, addressed to such director, member of a committee or stockholder, at such person's address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with any postage or delivery fee thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given three Business Days (as defined below) after the same shall be deposited in the United States mail and one Business Day after deposit with such courier, except as otherwise provided by law or by these By-Laws. "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday or Sunday, or any day on which commercial banking institutions in the City of New York are authorized by law to be closed. Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Corporation under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-Laws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission if consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed to be revoked if (i) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two (2) consecutive notices by the Corporation in accordance with such consent and (ii) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice; provided, however, that the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action.

Notice given by electronic transmission, as described above, shall be deemed given: (i) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (ii) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (iii) if by a posting on an electronic network, together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and (iv) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. Notice to directors or committee members may be given personally or by telegram, telex, cable, or by means of electronic transmission. Written notice to stockholders may also be given personally or by telegram, telex, or cable.

Section 2. Waivers of Notice. Whenever any notice is required by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member of a committee, or stockholder, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to notice and transmitted by mail, telegraph, telex, cable, facsimile, or electronic transmission by the person or persons entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Attendance of a person at a meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any Annual or Special Meeting of Stockholders or any regular or special meeting of the directors or members of a committee of directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-Laws.

ARTICLE VII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the requirements of the DGCL and the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors (or any action by written consent in lieu thereof in accordance with the DGCL), and may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the Corporation's capital stock. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, deems proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for purchasing any of the shares of capital stock, warrants, rights, options, bonds, debentures, notes, scrip, or other securities or evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation, or for priority dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for any proper purpose, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.

Section 2. Disbursements. All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.

Section 3. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization, and the words "Corporate Seal, Delaware." The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

Section 5. Forum for Adjudication of Disputes. Unless the Corporation consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Corporation, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Corporation to the Corporation or the Corporation's stockholders, (iii) an action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or the Corporation's Certificate of Incorporation or these By-laws (as either may be amended from time to time), or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine, shall be the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware). If any action the subject matter of which is within the scope of the preceding sentence is filed in a court other than a court located within the State of Delaware (a "Foreign Action") in the name of any stockholder, such stockholder shall be deemed to have consented to (i) the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the preceding sentence and (ii) having service of process made upon such stockholder in any such action by service upon such stockholder's counsel in the Foreign Action as agent for such stockholder.

ARTICLE VIII

INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings other than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this Article VIII, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit, or proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person's conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such person's conduct was unlawful.

Section 2. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this Article VIII, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue, or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

Section 3. Authorization of Indemnification. Any indemnification under this Article VIII (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the present or former director or officer is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made, with respect to a person who is a director or officer at the time of

such determination, (i) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by a majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iv) by the stockholders. Such determination shall be made, with respect to former directors and officers, by any person or persons having the authority to act on the matter on behalf of the Corporation. To the extent, however, that a present or former director or officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit, or proceeding described above, or in defense of any claim, issue, or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the specific case.

Section 4. Good Faith Defined. For purposes of any determination under Section 3 of this Article VIII, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe such person's conduct was unlawful, if such person's action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or another enterprise, or on information supplied to such person by the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another enterprise. The provisions of this Section 4 shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be.

Section 5. Indemnification by a Court. Notwithstanding any contrary determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this Article VIII, and notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director or officer may apply to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware for indemnification to the extent otherwise permissible under Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII. The basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such court that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII, as the case may be.

Neither a contrary determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this Article VIII nor the absence of any determination thereunder shall be a defense to such application or create a presumption that the director or officer seeking indemnification has not met any applicable standard of conduct. Notice of any application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 5 shall be given to the Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application. If successful, in whole or in part, the director or officer seeking indemnification shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such application.

Section 6. Expenses Payable in Advance. Expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by a director or officer in defending any civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative action,

suit, or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit, or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article VIII. Such expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by former directors and officers may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Corporation deems appropriate.

Section 7. Nonexclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws, any statute, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, both as to action in such person's official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of the Corporation that indemnification of the persons specified in Section 1 and Section 2 of this Article VIII shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law. A right to indemnification or to advancement of expenses arising under a provision of the certificate of incorporation or a bylaw shall not be eliminated or impaired by an amendment to the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws after the occurrence of the act or omission that is the subject of the civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification or advancement of expenses is sought, unless the provision in effect at the time of such act or omission explicitly authorizes such elimination or impairment after such action or omission has occurred. The provisions of this Article VIII shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VIII but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the DGCL, or otherwise.

Section 8. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article VIII.

Section 9. Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Article VIII, references to "the Corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent entity (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger that, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors or officers, so that any person who is or was a director or officer of such constituent corporation, or is or was a director or officer of such constituent corporation serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. The term "another enterprise" as used in this Article VIII shall mean

any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, employee benefit plan, or other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent. For purposes of this Article VIII, references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the Corporation" shall include any service as a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation that imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation" as referred to in this Article VIII.

Section 10. Survival of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VIII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, and administrators of such a person.

Section 11. Limitation on Indemnification. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article VIII to the contrary, except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification (which shall be governed by Section 5 of this Article VIII), the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any director or officer (or his heirs, executors, or personal or legal representatives) or advance expenses in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or consented to by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

Section 12. Indemnification of Employees and Agents. The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors, provide rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to employees and agents of the Corporation similar to those conferred in this Article VIII to directors and officers of the Corporation.

ARTICLE IX

AMENDMENTS

Section 1. Amendments. These By-Laws may be altered, amended, or repealed, in whole or in part, or new By-Laws may be adopted by the Board of Directors or by the stockholders; provided, however, that, in the case of amendments by stockholders, notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal, or adoption of new By-Laws be contained in the notice of such meeting of the stockholders. All such alterations, amendments, or repeals must be approved by a majority of the entire Board of Directors then in office or by an affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote thereon, as the case may be, except that, in the case of such alterations, amendments, or repeals approved by stockholders, any amendment of (i) Sections 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8 of Article II, (ii) Sections 1, 2, and 3 of Article III, (iii) Section 5 of Article VII, (iv) Article VIII, and (v) this Article IX shall require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66.67%) of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote thereon.

Section 2. Entire Board of Directors. As used in this Article IX and in these By-Laws generally, the term "entire Board of Directors" means the total number of directors that the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies.

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Adopted as of: June 2, 2006

Last Amended as of: February 17, 2023