# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001729427
**File Stem:** 0001683168-25-006162
**Filing Date:** 2025-8
**Character Count:** 82198
**Document Hash:** 23e6fce7185b5300aac8da7d2b01f308
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001683168-25-006162.hdr.sgml**: 20250814

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001683168-25-006162

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 42

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250630

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250814

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250814

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001729427
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 03 Life Sciences
- **EIN:** 822318545
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** NV
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-39126
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251218518

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 2100 WEST LOOP SOUTH
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 900
- **CITY:** HOUSTON
- **STATE:** TX
- **ZIP:** 77027
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 1-800-946-9185

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 2100 WEST LOOP SOUTH
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 900
- **CITY:** HOUSTON
- **STATE:** TX
- **ZIP:** 77027

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Form 10-Q

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, DC 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ______________

Commission file number: **001-39126**

**CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.**

(Name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Nevada** | **82-2318545** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer identification No.) |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **2100 West Loop South, Suite 900**<br> **Houston, Texas** | **77027** |
| (Address of principal executive offices | (Zip Code) |

---

**800-946-9185**

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

**N/A**

(Former name or former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class Trading Symbol Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered <br> Common Stock CNSP The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated Filer ☐ Accelerated Filer ☐ <br> Non-accelerated Filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ <br> Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of August 14, 2025 was 574,580.

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | Page |
| [PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#q2_001) | [PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#q2_001) |  |
| Item 1. | [Financial Statements](#q2_002) | 3 |
|  | [Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (unaudited)](#q2_003) | 3 |
|  | [Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)](#q2_004) | 4 |
|  | [Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)](#q2_005) | 5 |
|  | [Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)](#q2_006) | 6 |
|  | [Notes to the Financial Statements (unaudited)](#q2_007) | 7 |
| Item 2. | [Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#q2_008) | 13 |
| Item 3. | [Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk](#q2_009) | 19 |
| Item 4. | [Controls and Procedures](#q2_010) | 19 |
| [PART II OTHER INFORMATION](#q2_011) | [PART II OTHER INFORMATION](#q2_011) |  |
| Item 1. | [Legal Proceedings](#q2_012) | 20 |
| Item 1A. | [Risk Factors](#q2_013) | 20 |
| Item 2. | [Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#q2_014) | 21 |
| Item 3. | [Defaults Upon Senior Securities](#q2_015) | 21 |
| Item 4. | [Mine Safety Disclosures](#q2_016) | 21 |
| Item 5. | [Other Information](#q2_017) | 21 |
| Item 6. | [Exhibits](#q2_018) | 22 |
| [Signatures](#q2_019) | [Signatures](#q2_019) | 23 |

---

**PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 1.** | **FINANCIAL STATEMENTS** |

---

**CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.**

**Balance Sheets**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | June 30, <br> 2025 | December 31, <br> 2024 |
| **Assets** |  |  |
| Current Assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $12129873 | $6461378 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred offering costs | 14173 | 20637 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subscription receivable |  | 882539 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 1993774 | 1293954 |
| Total current assets | 14137820 | 8658508 |
| Noncurrent Assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses, net of current portion | 366251 | 36430 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Property and equipment, net | 3804 | 6005 |
| Total noncurrent assets | 370055 | 42435 |
| Total Assets | $14507875 | $8700943 |
| **Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)** |  |  |
| Current Liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $1261123 | $2198260 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes payable | 121767 | 326072 |
| Total current liabilities | 1382890 | 2524332 |
| Total Liabilities | 1382890 | 2524332 |
| Stockholders' Equity (Deficit): |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 416,667 shares authorized and 0 shares issued and outstanding |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock, $0.001 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized and 504,413 and 117,796 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 504 | 118 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in capital | 104225466 | 90601197 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated deficit | (91100985) | (84424704) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | 13124985 | 6176611 |
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) | $14507875 | $8700943 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited financial statements.

**CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.**

**Statements of Operations**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Three Months Ended<br>June 30, 2025 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30, 2024 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30, 2025 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | $1242340 | $1411573 | $2337095 | $2526015 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 1167045 | 1116562 | 4409950 | 3546974 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 2409385 | 2528135 | 6747045 | 6072989 |
| Loss from operations | (2409385) | (2528135) | (6747045) | (6072989) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income (expenses): |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income | 38609 | 1845 | 81157 | 8576 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | (4185) | (4463) | (10393) | (11088) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other income (expense) | 34424 | (2618) | 70764 | (2512) |
| Net loss | $(2374961) | $(2530753) | $(6676281) | $(6075501) |
| Loss per share - basic | $(6.42) | $(4049.20) | $(22.35) | $(13294.31) |
| Loss per share - diluted | $(6.42) | $(4049.20) | $(22.35) | $(13294.31) |
| Weighted average shares outstanding - basic | 370127 | 625 | 298776 | 457 |
| Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted | 370127 | 625 | 298776 | 457 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited financial statements.

**CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.**

**Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)**

**For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Common Stock | Common Stock | | | |
|  | Shares | Amount | Additional<br>Paid-in<br>Capital |<br>Accumulated<br>Deficit | Total<br>Stockholders'<br>Equity (Deficit) |
| Balance December 31, 2024 | 117796 | $118 | $90601197 | $(84424704) | $6176611 |
| Common stock issued for cash, net | 127582 | 127 | 9032894 |  | 9033021 |
| Stock cancelled during stock split rounding | (13) |  | (557) |  | (557) |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  | 62367 |  | 62367 |
| Net loss | – | – | – | (4301320) | (4301320) |
| Balance, March 31, 2025 | 245365 | 245 | 99695901 | (88726024) | 10970122 |
| Common stock issued for cash, net | 27084 | 27 | 4505173 |  | 4505200 |
| Stock issued for warrants exercised | 231964 | 232 | 2551 |  | 2783 |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  | 21841 |  | 21841 |
| Net loss | – | – | – | (2374961) | (2374961) |
| Balance, June 30, 2025 | 504413 | $504 | $104225466 | $(91100985) | $13124985 |
| Balance December 31, 2023 | 207 | $1 | $65134787 | $(69566903) | $(4432115) |
| Stock issued for cash, net | 74 |  | 3330998 |  | 3330998 |
| Exercise of warrants | 75 |  | 12405 |  | 12405 |
| Stock based compensation |  |  | 202933 |  | 202933 |
| Net loss | – | – | – | (3544748) | (3544748) |
| Balance March 31, 2024 | 356 | 1 | 68681123 | (73111651) | (4430527) |
| Stock issued for cash and warrants, net | 1507 | 2 | 2424411 |  | 2424413 |
| Exercise of warrants | 347 |  | 8921 |  | 8921 |
| Stock based compensation |  |  | 234345 |  | 234345 |
| Stock issued for stock split rounding | 196 |  |  |  |  |
| Net loss | – | – | – | (2530753) | (2530753) |
| Balance June 30, 2024 | 2406 | $3 | $71348800 | $(75642404) | $(4293601) |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited financial statements.

**CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.**

**Statements of Cash Flows**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Six Months Ended<br>June 30, 2025 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30, 2024 |
| **Cash Flows from Operating Activities:** |  |  |
| Net loss | $(6676281) | $(6075501) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 84208 | 437278 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 2201 | 1570 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on disposal of fixed assets |  | (190) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (1060681) | (13067) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (934614) | 807460 |
| Net cash used in operating activities | (8585167) | (4842450) |
| **Cash Flows from Financing Activities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payments of deferred offering costs |  | (16750) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payments on notes payable | (175788) | (177558) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of warrants | 2783 | 21326 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payments to stockholders for stock split rounding | (557) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from subscription receivable | 882539 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants, net | 13544685 | 5958270 |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 14253662 | 5785288 |
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 5668495 | 942838 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period | 6461378 | 548721 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period | $12129873 | $1491559 |
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for interest | $10393 | $11088 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for income taxes | $– | $– |
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid insurance financed with note payable | $31040 | $– |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reclassification of deferred offering costs to equity | $6464 | $202859 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited financial statements.

**CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.**

**Notes to the Financial Statements**

**(Unaudited)**

**Note 1 – Nature of Business**

CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("we", "our", the "Company") is a clinical pharmaceutical company organized as a Nevada corporation on July 27, 2017 to focus on the development of anti-cancer drug candidates.

On April 30, 2024, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Company's amended and restated articles of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split at a ratio in the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-50. The reverse stock split became effective on June 4, 2024 on a 1-for-50 basis without any change in the par value per share, which remained at $0.001. The reverse stock split has been retroactively adjusted throughout these financial statements and footnotes.

On November 26, 2024, the stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the Company's amended and restated articles of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split at a ratio in the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-50. The reverse stock split became effective on February 21, 2025 on a 1-for-50 basis without any change in the par value per share, which remained at $0.001. The reverse stock split has been retroactively adjusted throughout these financial statements and footnotes.

On July 22, 2025, the Company effected a reverse stock split on a 1-for-12 basis without any change in the par value per share, which remained at $0.001. The reverse stock split has been retroactively adjusted throughout these financial statements and footnotes. As a result of the Reverse Split, each twelve pre-split shares of common stock outstanding were automatically combined into one new share of common stock without any action on the part of the holders. The number of authorized shares of common stock has been reduced from 300,000,000 to 25,000,000, while the number of authorized shares of preferred stock has been reduced from 5,000,000 to 416,667.

**Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies**

**Basis of Presentation** - The accompanying unaudited financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim unaudited financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. The unaudited financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary in order to make the condensed financial statements not misleading. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the final results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025. For more complete financial information, these unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2024 included in our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025 ("Form 10-K"). Notes to the financial statements which would substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the audited financial statements for the most recent fiscal period, as reported in the Form 10-K, have been omitted.

**Liquidity and Going Concern -** These financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes the Company will continue to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. The continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon the ability of the Company to obtain equity financings to continue operations. The Company has a history of and expects to continue to report negative cash flows from operations and a net loss. Management believes that the cash on hand is sufficient to fund its planned operations into but not beyond the near term. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The Company may seek additional funding through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, government or other third-party funding, commercialization, marketing and distribution arrangements, other collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements and delay planned cash outlays or a combination thereof. Management cannot be certain that such events or a combination thereof can be achieved.

**Cash and Cash Equivalents -** The Company considers all highly liquid accounts with original maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition to be cash equivalents. Periodically, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. The amount in excess of the FDIC insurance as of June 30, 2025 was $11,879,873. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts and management believes, based upon the quality of the financial institutions, that the credit risk with regard to these deposits is not significant.

**Stock-based Compensation -** Employee and non-employee share-based compensation is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period for stock options and restricted stock units.

**Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")** - Our RSUs vest over two to four years from the date of grant. The fair value of RSUs is the market price of our common stock at the date of grant.

**Performance Units ("PUs")** - The PUs vest based on our performance against predefined share price targets and the achievement of Positive Interim, Clinical Data as defined by the Board.

**Loss Per Common Share** - Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share is determined using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents. In periods when losses are reported, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding excludes common stock equivalents, because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. As of June 30, 2025, the Company's potentially dilutive shares and options, which were not included in the calculation of net loss per share, included warrants to purchase 404,744 common shares, unvested restricted stock units of 18 common shares, unvested performance units of 5 and options for 70 common shares, respectively. As of June 30, 2024, the Company's potentially dilutive shares and options, which were not included in the calculation of net loss per share, included warrants to purchase 2,586 common shares, unvested restricted stock units of 10 common shares, unvested performance units of 1 and options for 21 common shares, respectively.

**Segments Reporting**

The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purpose of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") is its Chief Executive Officer. The CODM allocates resources and evaluates the performance of the Company using information about combined net income from operations. All significant operating decisions are based upon an analysis of the Company as one operating segment, which is the same as its reporting segment. See statement of operations for information about combined net income from operations.

**Note 3 – Note Payable**

On November 18, 2024, the Company entered into a short-term note payable for an aggregate of $326,072, bearing interest at 9.24% per year to finance certain insurance policies. Principal and interest payments related to the note will be repaid over an 11-month period with the final payment due on October 8, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, the Company's note payable balance was $121,767.

**Note 4 – Equity**

The Company has authorized 25,000,000 shares of common stock having a par value of $0.001 per share. In addition, the Company authorized 416,667 shares of preferred stock to be issued having a par value of $0.001. The specific rights of the preferred stock shall be determined by the board of directors.

On June 4, 2024, the Company effected a one-for-fifty (1:50) reverse stock split of the Company's common stock without any change in the par value per share, which remained at $0.001. The reverse stock split has been retroactively adjusted throughout these financial statements and footnotes.

On February 21, 2025, the Company effected a one-for-fifty (1:50) reverse stock split of the Company's common stock without any change in the par value per share, which remained at $0.001. The reverse stock split has been retroactively adjusted throughout these financial statements and footnotes.

On July 22, 2025, the Company effected a 1-for-12 basis without any change in the par value per share, which remained at $0.001. The reverse stock split has been retroactively adjusted throughout these financial statements and footnotes.

**Common Stock** 

On July 26, 2024, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement (the "AGP ATM Sales Agreement") with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners ("AGP"). Pursuant to the terms of the AGP ATM Sales Agreement, the Company originally was permitted to sell from time to time through AGP, as sales agent or principal, shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.001 per share with initial aggregate sales price of up to $5.2 million. On July 30, 2024, the Company increased the aggregate sales price of common shares that may be sold under the AGP ATM Sales Agreement to $25.0 million (not including the original $5.2 million). On March 20, 2025, the Company increased the aggregate sales price of common shares that may be sold under the AGP ATM Sales Agreement to $43.5 million (which amount includes $6.4 million remaining from the $30.2 million set forth above). During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company has sold 127,582 shares of common stock pursuant to the AGP ATM Sales Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $9 million. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has sold 210,230 shares of common stock pursuant to the AGP ATM Sales Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $22.8 million.

On May 13, 2025, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement (the "Placement Agency Agreement") with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (the "Placement Agent") for the public offering by the Company of (i) 27,084 shares of the Company's common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase 302,298 shares of common stock (the "Pre-Funded Warrants"); and (iii) Series F Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 329,381 shares of common stock (the "Common Warrants"). The Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants are collectively referred to herein as the ("Warrants"). The combined purchase price of one share of Common Stock and one accompanying Common Warrant was $15.18 and the combined purchase price of one Pre-Funded Warrant and one accompanying Common Warrant was $15.17.

Subject to certain ownership limitations, the Warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance. Each Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable into one share of Common Stock at a price per share of $0.001 and expire once such Pre-Funded Warrants are fully exercised. The Common Warrants are exercisable into one share of Common Stock at a price per share of $13.68 and expire five years from Initial Exercise Date. The gross proceeds to the Company from the offering were approximately $5 million, before deducting the Placement Agent's fees and other offering expenses. The closing of this offering and private placement occurred on May 14, 2025.

**Stock Options**

In 2017, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2017 Stock Plan (the "2017 Plan").

In 2020, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2020 Stock Plan (the "2020 Plan"). The 2020 Plan allows for the Board of Directors to grant various forms of incentive awards for up to four shares of common stock. The 2020 Plan was amended effective as of August 9, 2023, which amendment was approved by the Company's stockholders at the Company's annual meeting on September 14, 2023. The amendment increased the 2020 Plan by 25 shares of common stock.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized $53,138 and $412,749 of stock-based compensation, respectively, related to outstanding stock options. At June 30, 2025, the Company had $42,451 of unrecognized expenses related to outstanding options.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Options** | **Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share** |
| Outstanding, December 31, 2024 | 70 | $772562.06 |
| Granted |  |  |
| Exercised |  |  |
| Forfeited |  |  |
| Expired | – | – |
| Outstanding, June 30, 2025 | 70 | $772562.06 |
| Exercisable, June 30, 2025 | 55 | $1000009.39 |

---

As of June 30, 2025, the outstanding stock options have a weighted average remaining term of 6.71 years and no intrinsic value. As of June 30, 2025, there were no awards remaining to be issued under the 2017 Plan and 62 shares of common stock remaining to be issued under the 2020 Plan.

**Stock Warrants**

The following table summarizes the stock warrant activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Warrants** | **Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share** |
| Outstanding, December 31, 2024 | 5032 | $15781.20 |
| Granted | 631679 | 7.14 |
| Exercised | (231964) | 0.01 |
| Forfeited |  |  |
| Expired | – | – |
| Outstanding, June 30, 2025 | 404747 | $207.34 |
| Exercisable, June 30, 2025 | 404747 | $207.34 |

---

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company received $2,783 in net cash proceeds from the exercise of 231,964 Pre-Funded Warrants with an exercise price of $0.001.

As of June 30, 2025, the outstanding and exercisable warrants have a weighted average remaining term of 4.86 years and had $695,461 aggregate intrinsic value.

**Restricted Stock Units**

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized $31,070 of stock-based compensation, related to outstanding stock RSUs. At June 30, 2025, the Company had $37,205 of unrecognized expenses related to outstanding RSUs.

The following table summarizes the RSUs activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **RSUs** | **Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value** |
| Non-vested, December 31, 2024 | 18 | $7426.51 |
| Granted |  |  |
| Vested |  |  |
| Forfeited | – | – |
| Non-vested, June 30, 2025 | 18 | $7426.51 |

---

**Performance Units**

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized $0 related to outstanding stock PUs. At June 30, 2025, the Company had $0 of unrecognized expenses related to PUs.

The following table summarizes the PUs activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **PUs** | **Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value** |
| Non-vested, December 31, 2024 | 5 | $9750.00 |
| Granted |  |  |
| Vested |  |  |
| Cancelled | – | – |
| Non-vested, June 30, 2025 | 5 | $9750.00 |

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**Note 5 – Commitments and Contingencies**

***Executive Employment Agreements***

On September 1, 2017, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. John Climaco pursuant to which Mr. Climaco agreed to serve as Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company commencing on such date for an initial term of three years. On September 1, 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the employment agreement with Mr. Climaco. The amendment extends the term of employment under the Employment Agreement, which was originally for a three-year period, for additional twelve-month periods, unless and until either the Company or Mr. Climaco provides written notice to the other party not less than sixty days before such anniversary date that such party is electing not to extend the term. If the Company provides notice of its election not to extend the term, Mr. Climaco may terminate his employment at any time prior to the expiration of the term by giving written notice to the Company at least thirty days prior to the effective date of termination, and upon the earlier of such effective date of termination or the expiration of the term, Mr. Climaco shall be entitled to receive the same severance benefits as are provided upon a termination of employment by the Company without cause. Pursuant to the Amendment, the severance benefits shall be twelve months of Mr. Climaco's base salary. Such severance payment shall be made in a single lump sum sixty days following the termination, provided that Mr. Climaco has executed and delivered to the Company and has not revoked a general release of the Company. Pursuant to the employment agreement, the compensation committee of the board of directors reviews the base salary payable to Mr. Climaco annually during the term of the agreement. On February 6, 2021, the compensation committee of the board of directors set Mr. Climaco's 2021 annual base salary to $525,000. On March 6, 2025, the compensation committee of the board of directors set Mr. Climaco's annual base salary to $580,000, retroactive to January 1, 2025.

In March 2025, the Board of Directors approved, based upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee, cash bonuses totaling $631,243 to the officers of the Company.

***Scientific Advisory Board***

On July 15, 2021, our Board approved the following compensation policy for the Scientific Advisory Board members, which consisted at the time of Dr. Waldemar Priebe, our founder, and Dr. Sigmond Hsu. Under this compensation policy, each scientific advisory board member was to receive annual cash compensation of $68,600. As of August 25, 2022, Dr. Waldemar Priebe was no longer a member of the Scientific Advisory Board. On March 14, 2024, the Board of Directors terminated the cash compensation program for the Scientific Advisory Board. As of June 30, 2025, the Company has accrued $177,309 related to Mr. Hsu's Scientific Advisory Board compensation.

***Cortice Biosciences, Inc. Exclusive License Agreement***

On July 29, 2024, the Company entered into an Exclusive License Agreement with Cortice Biosciences, Inc. ("Cortice") pursuant to which Cortice granted the Company an exclusive license to the intellectual property rights related to certain patents around the compound TPI 287 in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Japan. The term of the license will expire, other than due to a breach of the Cortice Agreements, at the end of the royalty term with respect to any licensed product in any of the included territories, which begins upon the first commercial sale in such territory and ends on the latest of (i) ten years after such sale, (ii) the expiration of regulatory or marketing exclusivity for such licensed product in such country, or (c) the expiration of the last to expire valid patent claim in such country covering such licensed product. Pursuant to the Cortice Agreements, the Company agreed to issue Cortice 956 shares of the Company's common stock upon the closing of the transaction, which occurred on July 29, 2024, and 73 shares of Company common stock upon the receipt of shareholder approval of such issuance as required by the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. The Company also agreed to make milestone payments to Cortice in either cash or shares of Company common stock (at Cortice's option) upon: (i) meeting the primary endpoint a pivotal trial for a licensed product – either $15.0 million or 686 shares of Company common stock; (ii) FDA acceptance of an New Drug Application for a licensed product – either $30.0 million or 1,371 shares of Company common stock; (iii) the first commercial sale in the United States of a licensed product – either $45.0 million or 2,056 shares of Company common stock; and (iv) the first commercial sale in Japan of a licensed product – either $10.0 million or 343 shares of Company common stock. The Company's obligation to pay the above milestones in Company common stock is subject to the receipt of shareholder approval as required by the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. The Company also agreed to pay Cortice royalties on sales of licensed products of between 3.0%-7.5%. Finally, to the extent Cortice is required to pay any milestone payments to the original holder of the intellectual property rights licensed, the Company has agreed to make such payments to Cortice. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 956 Shares with a fair value of $596,303 pursuant to the Cortice Agreement. As of June 30, 2025, there were no accruals related to the milestone payments.

**Note 6 – Subsequent Events**

In July 2025, the Company received $844 in net cash proceeds from the exercise of 70,333 Pre-Funded Warrants with an exercise price of $0.001.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 2.** | **MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS** |

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*You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. See Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, available on the Security and Exchange Commission's ("SEC") EDGAR website at www.sec.gov, for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in our forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.*

**CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

We make forward-looking statements under the "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and in other sections of this Form 10-Q. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as "may," "might," "should," "would," "could," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "intend," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential" or "continue," and the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the numerous risks and uncertainties described under Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and in other filings made by us from time to time with the SEC.

While we believe we have identified material risks, these risks and uncertainties are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Form 10-Q may describe additional factors that could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-Q to conform our prior statements to actual results or revised expectations, and we do not intend to do so.

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· our ability to maintain our listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market;

· our ability to obtain additional funding to develop our product candidates;

· the need to obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates;

· the success of our clinical trials through all phases of clinical development;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· compliance with obligations under intellectual property licenses with third parties;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· any delays in regulatory review and approval of product candidates in clinical development;

· our ability to commercialize our product candidates;

· market acceptance of our product candidates;

· competition from existing products or new products that may emerge;

· potential product liability claims;

· our dependency on third-party manufacturers to supply or manufacture our products;

· our ability to establish or maintain collaborations, licensing or other arrangements;

· our ability and third parties' abilities to protect intellectual property rights;

· our ability to adequately support future growth; and

· our ability to attract and retain key personnel to manage our business effectively.

We caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q or any other document, which speak only as of their respective dates.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of the forward-looking statements. In addition, with respect to all of our forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

**Overview**

We are a clinical pharmaceutical company organized as a Nevada corporation in July 2017 to focus on the development of anti-cancer drug candidates for the treatment of brain and central nervous system tumors, based on intellectual property that we license under license agreements with Cortice Biosciences, Inc. ("Cortice") and own pursuant to a collaboration and asset purchase agreement with Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Reata").

We believe our drug candidates, TPI 287 and Berubicin, may be significant developments in the treatment of Glioblastoma and other CNS malignancies, and if approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"), could give Glioblastoma patients important new therapeutic alternatives to the current standard of care. Glioblastomas are tumors that arise from astrocytes, which are star-shaped cells making up the supportive tissue of the brain. These tumors are usually highly malignant (cancerous) because the cells reproduce quickly, and they are supported by a large network of blood vessels. Berubicin is an anthracycline, which is a class of drugs that are among the most powerful and extensively used chemotherapy drugs known. TPI 287 is an abeotaxane, and is related to the family of common chemotherapy drugs known as taxanes. Based on limited clinical and preclinical data, we believe TPI 287 is the first taxane that appears to cross the blood brain barrier ("BBB") in significant concentrations targeting brain cancer cells. Based on clinical and preclinical data, Berubicin is the first anthracycline that appears to cross the BBB in significant concentrations targeting brain cancer cells. While our focus is currently on the development of TPI 287 and Berubicin, we are also in the process of attempting to secure intellectual property rights to additional compounds that we plan to develop into drugs to treat CNS and other cancers.

TPI 287 has been granted Orphan Drug Designation ("ODD") status by the FDA. ODD from the FDA is available for drugs targeting diseases with less than 200,000 cases per year. ODD may enable market exclusivity of 7 years from the date of approval of a New Drug Application ("NDA") in the United States. During that period the FDA generally could not approve another product containing the same drug for the same designated indication. Orphan drug exclusivity will not bar approval of another product under certain circumstances, including if a subsequent product with the same active ingredient for the same indication is shown to be clinically superior to the approved product on the basis of greater efficacy or safety, or providing a major contribution to patient care, or if the company with orphan drug exclusivity is not able to meet market demand. The ODD strengthens our intellectual property protections although the Company is exploring if there are other patents that could be filed related to TPI 287 to extend additional protections.

TPI 287 is an abeotaxane and is an investigational chemotherapy agent classified as a third-generation taxane derivative. It was developed to address some of the limitations of earlier taxanes like paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere), particularly issues related to drug resistance and poor penetration of the BBB. As a synthetic, lipophilic compound, TPI 287 is designed to be brain-penetrant, potentially allowing it to reach CNS tumors more effectively than its predecessors. Like other taxanes, TPI 287's mechanism of action is to stabilize microtubules, which disrupts cell division and induces apoptosis. However, one of its notable advantages is its reduced susceptibility to drug efflux pumps such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a common mechanism by which cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapy. This feature gives TPI 287 potential utility in treating drug-resistant cancers in the CNS.

TPI 287 has been studied in early-phase clinical trials (Phase I and II) in over 300 patients for several indications, including Glioblastoma, metastatic breast cancer with brain metastases, non-small cell lung cancer ("NSCLC"), castration-resistant prostate cancer, and neuroblastoma. TPI 287 represents a promising candidate for treating cancers involving the CNS, as well as those that have become resistant to traditional taxane therapies. While it has shown promise in limited clinical trials, further clinical development is necessary to determine its future in neuro-oncology.

Berubicin was discovered at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center by Dr. Waldemar Priebe, the founder of the Company. Through a series of transactions, Berubicin was initially licensed to Reata. Reata initiated several Phase I clinical trials with Berubicin for CNS malignancies, one of which was for malignant gliomas, but subsequently allowed their Investigational New Drug ("IND") with the FDA to lapse for strategic reasons. This required us to obtain a new IND for Berubicin before beginning further clinical trials. On December 17, 2020, we announced that our IND application with the FDA for Berubicin for the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme was in effect. We initiated this trial for patient enrollment during the second quarter of 2021 with the first patient dosed during the third quarter of 2021 to investigate the efficacy of Berubicin in adults with Glioblastoma Multiforme who have failed first-line therapy. The first patient on the trial was treated during the third quarter of 2021. Correspondence between the Company and the FDA resulted in a trial design with overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoint of the study. OS is a rigorous endpoint that the FDA has recognized as a basis for approval of oncology drugs when a statistically significant improvement can be shown relative to a randomized control arm.

On March 25, 2025, CNS released topline data from a primary analysis of a clinical trial being conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Berubicin in patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme who have failed primary treatment for their disease. The trial compared the efficacy of Berubicin to that of Lomustine, a current standard of care in this setting, with a 2 to 1 randomization of the 252 patients to Berubicin or Lomustine. Patients receiving Berubicin were administered a 2-hour IV infusion of 7.5 mg/m2 berubicin hydrochloride daily for three consecutive days followed by 18 days off (a 21-day cycle). Lomustine is administered orally once every six weeks. The trial design included a pre-planned, non-binding interim futility analysis. We reached the criteria required by the study protocol to conduct this interim futility analysis, which an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board ("DSMB") was responsible for conducting. The DSMB's charter mandated that they review the primary endpoint, Overall Survival, as well as secondary endpoints and safety data to determine whether the efficacy data for the risk-benefit profile warrants modification or discontinuation of the study. On December 18, 2023, we released the DSMB's recommendation which was to continue the study without modification. On March 25, 2025, we released topline data showed that although Berubicin produced clinically relevant outcomes that appear to be comparable (although the trial was not powered to determine non-inferiority) to Lomustine across multiple endpoints, it did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in overall survival, the primary endpoint. Nevertheless, given the dearth of alternative approved therapies for GBM, we believe Berubicin has demonstrated potential value as a possible treatment for Glioblastoma. As such we are currently evaluating whether any potential paths forward exist for the program. Any such path will be planned and executed in consultation with the FDA. Even if Berubicin is approved, there is no assurance that patients will choose an infusion treatment, as compared to the current standard of care, which requires oral administration.

We do not have manufacturing facilities and all manufacturing activities are contracted out to third parties. Additionally, we do not have a sales organization.

On November 21, 2017, we entered into a Collaboration and Asset Purchase Agreement with Reata (the "Reata Agreement"). Pursuant to the Reata Agreement we purchased all of Reata's intellectual property and development data regarding Berubicin, including all trade secrets, knowhow, confidential information and other intellectual property rights.

On December 28, 2017, we obtained the rights to a worldwide, exclusive royalty-bearing, license to the chemical compound commonly known as Berubicin from Houston Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("HPI") in an agreement we refer to as the HPI License. HPI is affiliated with our founder, Dr. Priebe. Under the HPI License we obtained the exclusive right to develop certain chemical compounds for use in the treatment of cancer anywhere in the world. In the HPI License we agreed to pay HPI: (i) development fees of $750,000 over a three-year period beginning November 2019; (ii) a 2% royalty on net sales; (iii) a $50,000 per year license fee; (iv) milestone payments of $100,000 upon the commencement of a Phase II trial and $1.0 million upon the approval of a New Drug Application ("NDA") for Berubicin; and (v) one share of our common stock. The patents we licensed from HPI expired in March 2020. On March 23, 2025, the Company terminated the HPI License.

On June 10, 2020, the FDA granted Orphan Drug Designation for Berubicin for the treatment of malignant gliomas. The ODD now constitutes our primary intellectual property protections related to Berubicin although the Company is exploring other patents that could be filed related to Berubicin to extend additional protections. We believe we have all rights and intellectual property necessary to develop Berubicin. As stated earlier, it is our plan to obtain additional intellectual property covering other compounds which, subject to the receipt of additional financing, may be developed into drugs for brain and other cancers.

On July 29, 2024, we entered into an Exclusive License Agreement and Stock Purchase Agreement (collectively, the "Cortice Agreements") with Cortice pursuant to which Cortice granted us an exclusive license to the intellectual property rights related to certain patents around the compound TPI 287 in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Japan. The term of the license will expire, other than due to a breach of the Cortice Agreements, at the end of the royalty term with respect to any licensed product in any of the included territories, which begins upon the first commercial sale in such territory and ends on the latest of (i) ten years after such sale, (ii) the expiration of regulatory or marketing exclusivity for such licensed product in such country, or (c) the expiration of the last to expire valid patent claim in such country covering such licensed product.

**Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** 

*General and Administrative Expense*

General and administrative expense was approximately $1,242,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to approximately $1,412,000 for the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in general and administrative expense is attributable to decreases of approximately $36,000 in legal and professional expenses, $19,000 in travel expenses, $195,000 in stock-based compensation, which were offset by increases of approximately $51,000 in compensation expense and $29,000 in insurance expense.

*Research and Development Expense*

Research and development expense was approximately $1,167,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to approximately $1,117,000 for the comparable period in 2024. The increase in research and development expense during the period is primarily attributable to declining trial costs on the Berubicin trial offset by expenditures preparing for a TPI 287 trial including drug manufacturing.

 

 

 

 

*Net Loss*

The net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was approximately $2,375,000 compared to approximately $2,531,000 for the comparable period in 2024. The change in net loss is primarily attributable to declining trial costs on the Berubicin trial.

**Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Compared to the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** 

*General and Administrative Expense*

General and administrative expense was approximately $2,337,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to approximately $2,526,000 for the comparable period in 2024. The decrease in general and administrative expense is attributable to decreases of approximately $316,000 in stock-based compensation, $106,000 in marketing and advertising expenses, which were offset by increases of approximately $40,000 in legal and professional expenses, $62,000 in travel expenses, $105,000 in compensation expense and $26,000 in other expenses.

*Research and Development Expense*

Research and development expense was approximately $4,410,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to approximately $3,547,000 for the comparable period in 2024. The increase in research and development expense during the period is primarily attributable to timing of trial costs on the Berubicin trial. 

 

*Net Loss*

The net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was approximately $6,676,000 compared to approximately $6,076,000 for the comparable period in 2024. The change in net loss is primarily attributable to timing of trial costs on the Berubicin trial partially offset by lower G&A expenses.

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

On June 30, 2025, we had cash of approximately $12,130,000 and we had a working capital of approximately $12,755,000. We fund our operations from proceeds from equity sales.

On July 26, 2024, we entered into a Sales Agreement (the "AGP ATM Sales Agreement") with A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners ("AGP"). During the six months ended June 30, 2025, we sold 127,582 shares of common stock pursuant to the AGP ATM Sales Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $9 million. As of June 30, 2025, we had sold 210,230 shares of common stock pursuant to the AGP ATM Sales Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $22.8 million.

On May 13, 2025, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement with AGP for the public offering of (i) 27,084 shares) of common stock; (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase 302,298 shares of common stock (the "Pre-Funded Warrants"); and (iii) Series F Warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 329,381 shares of common stock (the "Common Warrants"). The net proceeds from the offering were approximately $4.5 million.

We estimate that we have sufficient working capital to take us into the second half of 2026. At that point, we expect to have already initiated a trial of TPI 287, as well as completed the Berubicin trial including its final analysis. In addition, we have working capital to fund our operations during the intervening period (with such operations estimated at $4.5 to $5.0 million per annum). We do not currently have a firm trial design for TPI 287 so estimates of development cost are not available, however, regardless of trial design, the cost of bringing TPI 287 to regulatory approval for marketing will require significant additional financing. The timing and costs of clinical trials are difficult to predict and as such the foregoing estimates may prove to be inaccurate. We have no commitments for such additional needed financing and will likely be required to raise such financing through the sale of additional equity or debt securities.

We will need to raise significant additional capital in the future in order to meet our future obligations and execute our business plan. If we are unable to raise sufficient funds, we will be required to develop and implement an alternative plan to further extend payables, reduce overhead or scale back our business plan until sufficient additional capital is raised to support further operations. There can be no assurance that such a plan will be successful and if it is not successful we may need to cease operations entirely.

**Summary of Cash Flows**

*Cash used in operating activities*

Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $8,585,000 and $4,842,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and mainly included payments made for clinical trial costs, drug manufacturing and development, officer compensation, insurance, marketing and professional fees to our consultants, attorneys and accountants.

*Cash provided by financing activities*

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $14,254,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, related to the sale of common stock, which were offset by the repayment of notes payable. Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $5,785,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, related to the sale of common stock and exercise of warrants, which were offset by the repayment of notes payable.

**Off-balance Sheet Arrangements**

As of June 30, 2025, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

**Purchase Commitments**

We do not have any material commitments for capital expenditures, although we are required to pay certain milestones fees to Reata and Cortice as described in the section "Overview" above.

**Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements, including the notes thereto. As a result, management is required to routinely make judgments and estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different conditions or assumptions. Management determined there were no critical accounting estimates.

**Item 3.** **Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk**

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.

**Item 4.** **Controls and Procedures**

**Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting**

We maintain a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that material information required to be disclosed in our filings under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer, who serves as our principal executive officer, and our chief financial officer, who serves as our principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Under the supervision, and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness, as of June 30, 2025, of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based upon such evaluation, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer have concluded that, as of June 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were, and continue to be, ineffective because of the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting due to lack of segregation of duties (resulting from the limited number of personnel available), limited access to timely and complete information regarding the status of costs incurred in the activation of investigational sites and costs from treating patients in our study which is a result of the use of a third-party Contract Research Organization ("CRO") to manage the study, and the lack of formal documentation of our control environment. Management is commencing actions to address the lack of formal documentation of our control environment, although this will not address the lack of segregation of duties. Management is also working with the CRO to improve the timeliness and completeness of the data reported to the Company to address this material weakness, as well as conducting increased analytical analysis of such data to be performed by the Company.

In light of the material weakness described above, we continue to perform additional analysis and other post-closing procedures to ensure our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. Accordingly, we believe that the financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Additional experienced personnel will be hired in the accounting and finance department, appropriate consultants will be retained, and our accounting system will be upgraded as soon as it becomes economically feasible and sustainable.

Other than as described above, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent calendar quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

**PART II - OTHER INFORMATION**

**Item 1.** **Legal Proceedings**

From time to time in the ordinary course of our business, we may be involved in legal proceedings, the outcomes of which may not be determinable. The results of litigation are inherently unpredictable. Any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, require significant amounts of management time and result in diversion of significant resources. We are not able to estimate an aggregate amount or range of reasonably possible losses for those legal matters for which losses are not probable and estimable. We have insurance policies covering potential losses where such coverage is cost effective.

We are not at this time involved in any legal proceedings.

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|:---|:---|
| **Item 1A.** | **Risk Factors** |

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In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors set forth below and in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC, which are incorporated herein by reference. The risks described in such reports are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

**We have in the past been unable to maintain compliance with the listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market, and any future failure to maintain compliance could subject our common stock to be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and could make it more difficult for you to sell your shares.**

Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, and we are therefore subject to its continued listing requirements, including requirements with respect to the market value of publicly-held shares, market value of listed shares, minimum bid price per share, and minimum stockholder's equity, among others, and requirements relating to board and committee independence. If we fail to satisfy one or more of the requirements, we may be delisted from The Nasdaq Capital Market.

During 2024, we were not in compliance with the requirement to maintain a closing bid price of $1.00 per share (the "Minimum Bid Price Requirement") pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), and we were not in compliance with the minimum $2,500,000 stockholders' equity requirement for continued listing set forth in Listing Rule 5550(b) (the "Equity Requirement"). As of the date of this filing, we are in compliance with both requirements.

With respect to the Equity Requirement, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5815(d)(4)(B), we are subject to a Mandatory Panel Monitor until September 10, 2025. If, within that monitoring period, the Staff finds us again out of compliance with the Equity Requirement, notwithstanding Listing Rule 5810(c)(2), we will not be permitted to provide the Staff with a plan of compliance with respect to that deficiency and Staff will not be permitted to grant additional time for us to regain compliance with respect to that deficiency, nor will we be afforded an applicable cure or compliance period pursuant to Listing Rule 5810(c)(3).

With respect to the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5815(d)(4)(B), we are subject to a Mandatory Panel Monitor until March 31, 2026. If, within that monitoring period, the Staff finds us again out of compliance with the Equity Requirement, notwithstanding Listing Rule 5810(c)(2), we will not be permitted to provide the Staff with a plan of compliance with respect to that deficiency and Staff will not be permitted to grant additional time for us to regain compliance with respect to that deficiency, nor will we be afforded an applicable cure or compliance period pursuant to Listing Rule 5810(c)(3). In addition, with respect to the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, since we completed a reverse split on July 22, 2025, if we fall out of compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement prior to July 22, 2026, we will not be eligible for any compliance period specified in Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A). In either case described in the preceding two sentences, the Staff will issue a Delist Determination Letter and we will have an opportunity to request a hearing. Our common stock may be at that time be delisted from Nasdaq.

There can be no assurance that we will continue to meet the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market and could be subject to delisting at a future time. Delisting from The Nasdaq Capital Market would adversely affect our ability to raise additional financing through the public or private sale of equity securities, may significantly affect the ability of investors to trade our securities and may negatively affect the value and liquidity of our common stock. Delisting also could have other negative results, including the potential loss of employee confidence, the loss of institutional investors or interest in business development opportunities.

**Item 2.** **Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds**

We have not issued any unregistered securities during the quarter ended June 30, 2025.

**Item 3.** **Defaults Upon Senior Securities**

None.

**Item 4.** **Mine Safety Disclosures**

Not applicable.

**Item 5.** **Other Information**

During the period covered by this Quarterly Report, none of the Company's directors or executive officers has adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (each as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended).

**Item 6.** **Exhibits**

**INDEX TO EXHIBITS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br> **Number** | **Description** |
| 3.1 | [Certificate of Change filed with the State of Nevada](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1729427/000168316825005284/cns_ex0301.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Form 8-K filed July 22, 2025) |
| 4.1 | [Form of Series F Common Warrant issued in May 2025 offering](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1729427/000168316825003575/cns_ex0401.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Form 8-K filed May 15, 2025) |
| 4.2 | [Form of Pre-Funded Warrant issued in May 2025 offering](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1729427/000168316825003575/cns_ex0402.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Form 8-K filed May 15, 2025) |
| 10.1 | [Form of Securities Purchase Agreement for May 2025 offering](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1729427/000168316825003575/cns_ex1001.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Form 8-K filed May 15, 2025) |
| 10.2 | [Placement Agent Agreement dated May 13, 2025 by and between CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1729427/000168316825003575/cns_ex0401.htm) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Form 8-K filed May 15, 2025) |
| 31.1\* | [Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.](cns_ex3101.htm) |
| 31.2\* | [Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.](cns_ex3102.htm) |
| 32.1\*(1) | [Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](cns_ex3201.htm) |
| 32.2\*(1) | [Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](cns_ex3202.htm) |
| 101.INS\* | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
| 101.SCH\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| 101.CAL\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DEF\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| 104\* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in iXBRL, and included in exhibit 101). |

---

______________

\* Filed herewith.

(1) The certifications on Exhibit 32 hereto are deemed not "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such certifications will not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

**CNS PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **SIGNATURE** | **TITLE** | **DATE** |
| /s/ John Climaco | Chief Executive Officer and Director | August 14, 2025 |
| John Climaco | (principal executive officer) |  |
| /s/ Christopher Downs | Chief Financial Officer | August 14, 2025 |
| Christopher Downs | (principal financial and accounting officer) |  |

---

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

**CERTIFICATION BY CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER**

I, John Climaco, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

August 14, 2025

By: <u>/s/ John Climaco</u> 

John Climaco

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal executive officer)

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION BY CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER**

I, Christopher Downs, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

August 14, 2025

By: <u>/s/ Christopher Downs</u> 

Christopher Downs

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal financial and accounting officer)

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER**

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

(Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code)

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the "Company"), does hereby certify, to such officer's knowledge, that:

The quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 (the "Form 10-Q") of the Company fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

August 14, 2025

By: <u>/s/ John Climaco</u> 

John Climaco

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

## Exhibit 32.2

**Exhibit 32.2**

**CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER**

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

(Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code)

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), the undersigned officer of CNS Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the "Company"), does hereby certify, to such officer's knowledge, that:

The quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 (the "Form 10-Q") of the Company fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

August 14, 2025

By: <u>/s/ Christopher Downs</u> 

Christopher Downs

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal financial and accounting officer)