# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000039020
**File Stem:** 0001185185-25-002057
**Filing Date:** 2025-12
**Character Count:** 91086
**Document Hash:** 6a002b6153fc1ea7ef559dbeb98c07a1
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001185185-25-002057.hdr.sgml**: 20251215

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001185185-25-002057

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 64

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20251031

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251215

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20251215

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS INC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000039020
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** INSTRUMENTS FOR MEAS & TESTING OF ELECTRICITY & ELEC SIGNALS [3825]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 08 Industrial Applications and Services
- **EIN:** 111986657
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 0430

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-08061
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251571860

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 55 CHARLES LINDBERGH BLVD
- **CITY:** MITCHEL FIELD
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 11553
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 5167944500

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 55 CHARLES LINDBERGH BOULEVARD
- **CITY:** MITCHELL FIELD
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 11553

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

**(Mark one)**

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period ended October 31, 2025

**OR**

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File No. 1-8061

**<u>FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC.</u>**

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **11-1986657** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of<br> incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer<br> Identification No.) |
| **55 CHARLES LINDBERGH BLVD., MITCHEL FIELD, NY** | **11553** |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |

---

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: **516-794-4500**

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| **Common Stock (par value $1.00 per share)** **FEIM** | **NASDAQ Global Market** |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ <br> Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ <br> Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

The number of shares outstanding of registrant's Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share, as of December 10, 2025 – 9,777,647

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page No.** |
| **Part I. Financial Information:** |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 1 - Financial Statements:](#a_002) | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – October 31, 2025 (unaudited) and April 30, 2025](#a_003) | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations – Three and Six Months Ended October 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)](#a_004) | 4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Six Months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)](#a_005) | 5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity – Three and Six Months Ended October 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)](#a_006) | 6-7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)](#a_007) | 8-15 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#a_008) | 16-22 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk](#a_009) | 22 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 4 - Controls and Procedures](#a_010) | 22 |
| **Part II. Other Information:** |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 1A – Risk Factors](#a_012) | 23 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#a_013) | 23 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 5 – Other Information](#a_014) | 24 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 6 - Exhibits](#a_015) | 24 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Signatures](#a_016) | 25 |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

**Item 1. <u>Financial Statements</u>**

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except par value)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **October 31,**<br>**2025** | **April 30,**<br>**2025** |
|  | (UNAUDITED) | |
| **ASSETS:** |  |  |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $2992 | $4720 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $102 at October 31, 2025 and $110 at April 30, 2025 | 6069 | 5914 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract assets | 15501 | 17914 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories | 24682 | 23487 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid income taxes | 226 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other | 1449 | 1071 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current assets | 50919 | 53106 |
| Property, plant, and equipment, net | 6601 | 6188 |
| Deferred taxes | 12153 | 12045 |
| Goodwill | 617 | 617 |
| Cash surrender value of life insurance and assets held in trust | 11404 | 10882 |
| Right-of-use assets – operating leases | 8302 | 8659 |
| Restricted cash | 1384 | 1365 |
| Other assets | 875 | 875 |
| **Total assets** | $**92255** | $**93737** |
| **LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:** |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable – trade | $1420 | $1359 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued liabilities | 5022 | 5899 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss provision accrual | 46 | 460 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income taxes payable |  | 103 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liability - current portion | 2083 | 2027 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract liabilities | 11095 | 13607 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current liabilities | 19666 | 23455 |
| Deferred compensation | 7819 | 7933 |
| Operating lease liability – non-current portion | 6315 | 6729 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities | 33800 | 38117 |
| Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock - $1.00 par value; authorized 600 shares, no shares issued |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock - $1.00 par value; authorized 20,000 shares, 9,818 shares issued and 9,773 shares outstanding at October 31, 2025; 9,717 shares issued and 9,704 shares outstanding at April 30, 2025 | 9818 | 9717 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in capital | 43732 | 42475 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Retained earnings | 6094 | 3659 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock reacquired and held in treasury - at cost (45 shares at October 31, 2025 and 13 shares at April 30, 2025) | (1189) | (231) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total stockholders' equity | 58455 | 55620 |
| **Total liabilities and stockholders' equity** | $**92255** | $**93737** |

---

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended October 31,** | **Three Months Ended October 31,** | **Six Months Ended October 31,** | **Six Months Ended October 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| **<u>Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations</u>** |  |  |  |  |
| Revenues | $17127 | $15820 | $30939 | $30898 |
| Cost of revenues | 10591 | 8201 | 19321 | 16580 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gross margin | 6536 | 7619 | 11618 | 14318 |
| Selling and administrative expenses | 3623 | 3388 | 7207 | 6234 |
| Research and development expenses | 1199 | 1613 | 2332 | 3101 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating income | 1714 | 2618 | 2079 | 4983 |
| Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income on investments | 153 | 203 | 371 | 427 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | (22) | (27) | (46) | (53) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other expense, net | (75) | (1) | (77) | (1) |
| Income before (benefit) provision for income taxes | 1770 | 2793 | 2327 | 5356 |
| (Benefit) provision for income taxes | (31) | 139 | (108) | 272 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | $1801 | $2654 | $2435 | $5084 |
| Net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic and diluted income per share | $0.18 | $0.28 | $0.25 | $0.53 |
| Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic and diluted | 9760 | 9585 | 9741 | 9562 |

---

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended October 31,** | **Six Months Ended October 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | $2435 | $5084 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-cash charges to earnings | 2657 | 2534 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net changes in operating assets and liabilities | (4454) | (5266) |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 638 | 2352 |
| Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of fixed assets | (1389) | (848) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (1389) | (848) |
| Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment of dividend |  | (9567) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of treasury stock | (958) | (162) |
| Net cash used in financing activities | (958) | (9729) |
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (1709) | (8225) |
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 6085 | 19265 |
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $4376 | $11040 |
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest | $46 | $53 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income taxes | $329 | 45 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $438 | $- |

---

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES**

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

Three and Six Months Ended October 31, 2025

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | | | | | **Treasury stock** | **Treasury stock** | | |
|  | **Common stock** | **Common stock** | | | **(at cost)** | **(at cost)** | | |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional**<br>**paid in**<br>**capital** |<br>**Retained**<br>**earnings** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Accumulated<br> other**<br>**comprehensive**<br>**Income (loss)** |<br>**Total** |
| Balance at April 30, 2025 | 9716999 | $9717 | $42475 | $3659 | 13088 | $(231) | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | $55620 |
| Contribution of stock to 401(k) plan | 12405 | 12 | 269 |  |  |  |  | 281 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 54866 | 55 | 312 |  |  |  |  | 367 |
| Shares withheld on employee taxes on vested equity awards |  |  |  |  | 21910 | (583) |  | (583) |
| Net income | - | - | - | 634 | - | - | - | 634 |
| Balance at July 31, 2025 | 9784270 | $9784 | $43056 | $4293 | 34998 | $(814) | $- | $56319 |
| Contribution of stock to 401(k) plan | 6768 | 7 | 223 |  |  |  |  | 230 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 27308 | 27 | 453 |  |  |  |  | 480 |
| Shares withheld on employee taxes on vested equity awards |  |  |  |  | 10219 | (375) |  | (375) |
| Net income | - | - | - | 1801 | - | - | - | 1801 |
| Balance at October 31, 2025 | 9818346 | $9818 | $43732 | $6094 | 45217 | $(1189) | $- | $58455 |

---

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES**

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

Three and Six Months Ended October 31, 2024

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | | | | | **Treasury stock** | **Treasury stock** | | |
|  | **Common stock** | **Common stock** | | | **(at cost)** | **(at cost)** | | |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional**<br>**paid in**<br>**capital** |<br>**Accumulated**<br>**deficit** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Accumulated<br> other**<br>**comprehensive**<br>**Income (loss)** |<br>**Total** |
| Balance at April 30, 2024 | 9511560 | $9512 | $50334 | $(20027) | 741 | $(3) | $- | $39816 |
| Contribution of stock to 401(k) plan | 26457 | 26 | 215 |  |  |  |  | 241 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 27815 | 28 | 316 |  |  |  |  | 344 |
| Shares withheld on employee taxes on vested equity awards |  |  |  |  | 4569 | (62) |  | (62) |
| Exercise of stock options and stock appreciation rights - net of shares tendered for exercise price | 1819 | 2 | (2) |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - |  |
| Dividends payable |  |  | (9567) |  |  |  |  | (9567) |
| Net income | - | - | - | 2430 | - | - | - | 2430 |
| Balance at July 31, 2024 | 9567651 | $9568 | $41296 | $(17597) | 5310 | $(65) | $- | $33202 |
| Contribution of stock to 401(k) plan | 17577 | 17 | 195 |  |  |  |  | 212 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 32127 | 32 | 192 |  |  |  |  | 224 |
| Shares withheld on employee taxes on vested equity awards |  |  |  |  | 7893 | (100) |  | (100) |
| Dividends payable |  |  | 9567 |  |  |  |  | 9567 |
| Dividends paid |  |  | (9567) |  |  |  |  | (9567) |
| Net income | - | - | - | 2654 | - | - | - | 2654 |
| Balance at October 31, 2024 | 9617355 | $9617 | $41683 | $(14943) | 13203 | $(165) | $- | $36192 |

---

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE A – CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In the opinion of management of Frequency Electronics, Inc. (the "Company"), the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly, in all material respects, the condensed consolidated financial position of the Company as of October 31, 2025 and the results of its operations, changes in stockholders' equity for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, and cash flows for the six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024. The April 30, 2025 condensed consolidated balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements. These financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025, filed on July 18, 2025 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Form 10-K"). The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year.

NOTE B – EARNINGS PER SHARE

Reconciliation of the weighted average shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
|  | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic EPS shares outstanding (weighted average) | 9759646 | 9585357 | 9741405 | 9561848 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effect of dilutive securities | \*\* | \*\* | \*\* | \*\* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted EPS shares outstanding | 9759646 | 9585357 | 9741405 | 9561848 |

---

\*\* For the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 there were no shares to exclude from the calculation of dilutive securities. For the three and six months ended October 31, 2024 dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of EPS since the inclusion of such shares would be antidilutive. The exercisable shares excluded for the three and six months ended October 31, 2024 were 76,000 shares in both periods.

On July 22, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors declared a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share of common stock. The special dividend was paid on August 29, 2024, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on August 8, 2024. The total amount of the special dividend payment was approximately $9.6 million.

NOTE C – CONTRACT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

Contract assets primarily relate to the Company's rights to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date on contracts with customers. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the rights become unconditional. Contract liabilities primarily relate to contracts where advance payments or deposits have been received, but performance obligations have not yet been satisfied, and therefore, revenue has not been recognized. During the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, we recognized $3.3 million and $7.4 million, respectively, of our contract liabilities at April 30, 2025 as revenue. During the three and six months ended October 31, 2024, we recognized $8.3 million and $16.0 million, respectively, of our contract liabilities at April 30, 2024 as revenue. If contract losses are anticipated, a loss provision is recorded for the full amount of such losses when they are determinable.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE D –EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

During the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, the Company made contributions of 6,768 and 19,173 shares, respectively, of its common stock to the Company's profit-sharing plan and trust under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. During the three and six months ended October 31, 2024, the Company made contributions of 17,577 and 44,034 shares, respectively, of its common stock to the Company's profit-sharing plan and trust under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Such contributions are in accordance with the Company's discretionary match of employee voluntary contributions to this plan.

Deferred compensation expense charged to selling and administrative expenses during the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, was approximately $131,000 and $264,000, respectively, inclusive of approximately $22,000 and 46,000, respectively, of interest expense. Payments made related to deferred compensation were approximately $183,000 and $366,000, respectively, for the same periods. Deferred compensation expense charged to selling and administrative expenses during the three and six months ended October 31, 2024, was approximately $140,000 and $283,000, respectively, inclusive of approximately $26,000 and $53,000, respectively, of interest expense. Payments made related to deferred compensation were approximately $179,000 and $358,000, respectively, for the same periods.

The whole-life insurance policies on the lives of certain participants covered by deferred compensation agreements have been placed in a trust. Upon the death of any insured participant, cash received from life insurance policies in excess of the Company's deferred compensation obligations to the estate or beneficiaries of the deceased, are also placed in the trust. These assets belong to the Company until a change of control event, as defined in the trust agreement, should occur. At that time, the Company is required to add sufficient cash to the trust so as to match the deferred compensation liability described above. Such funds will be used to continue the deferred compensation arrangements following a change of control. The life insurance policies amounted to $7.2 million at October 31, 2025 and $7.0 million at April 30, 2025. The business account and U.S.debt securities within the trust are valued on a Level 1 basis and amounted to $3.7 million and $3.5 million at October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, respectively. The fixed income corporate debt securities within the trust are valued on a Level 2 basis and amounted to $0.5 million at October 31, 2025 and $0.4 million at April 30, 2025. Level 2 securities are valued at the closing prices and are consistent with quoted prices of similar assets reported in active markets.

NOTE E – INVENTORIES

Inventories, which are reported at the lower of cost or net realizable value, consisted of the following (in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **October 31,<br> 2025** | **April 30,<br> 2025** |
| Raw materials and component parts | $14373 | $14668 |
| Work in progress | 9661 | 8444 |
| Finished goods | 648 | 375 |
|  | $24682 | $23487 |

---

NOTE F – RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITIES

The Company's leases primarily represent offices, warehouses, vehicles, manufacturing and research and development ("R&D") facilities, which expire at various times through 2030 and are operating leases. Contractual arrangements are evaluated at inception to determine if the agreement contains a lease. The leases contain renewal options, early termination, rent abatement, and escalation clauses that are factored into our determination of lease payments when appropriate. We include options to extend or terminate leases in the right-of-use ("ROU") operating lease asset and liability when it is reasonably certain we will exercise these options. As of October 31, 2025, lease options were not included in the calculation of the ROU operating lease asset and liability. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recorded based on the present value of future lease payments which will factor in certain qualifying initial direct costs incurred as well as any lease incentives that may have been received. Lease expenses for operating lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company elected the practical expedient for short-term leases which allows leases with terms of twelve months or less to be recorded on a straight-line basis over the lease term without being recognized on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company has also elected the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components as a single component.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The table below presents ROU assets and liabilities recorded on the respective consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **October 31,<br> 2025** | **April 30,<br> 2025** |
| **Assets** | | |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right-of-use assets - operating leases | $8302 | $8659 |
| **Liabilities** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities, current portion | 2083 | 2027 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion | 6315 | 6729 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total lease liabilities | $8398 | $8756 |

---

Total operating lease expense was $0.6 million and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, the majority of which is included in cost of revenues and the remaining amount in selling and administrative expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. Total operating lease expense was $0.5 million and $0.9 million for the three and six months ended October 31, 2024, respectively, the majority of which is included in cost of revenues and the remaining amount in selling and administrative expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the six months ended October 31, 2025, the Company recorded incremental ROU assets and lease liabilities of approximately $0.4 million arising from a new lease for FEI-NY, which commenced during the quarter ended October 31, 2025. There were no ROU assets or lease liabilities that were recorded for any leases that had not commenced as of October 31, 2025. During the six months ended October 31, 2024, the Company did not record any incremental ROU assets and lease liabilities as there were no leases that commenced during the six months ended October 30, 2024.

The maturities of lease liabilities at October 31, 2025 are as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Fiscal Year Ending April 30,** | **Fiscal Year Ending April 30,** |
| (in thousands) | (in thousands) |
| Remainder of 2026 | $1048 |
| 2027 | 2064 |
| 2028 | 2388 |
| 2029 | 2535 |
| 2030 | 1677 |
| Thereafter | - |
| Total lease payments | 9712 |
| Less imputed interest | (1314) |
| Present value of future lease payments | 8398 |
| Less current obligations under leases | (2083) |
| Long-term lease obligations | 6315 |

---

As of October 31, 2025 and 2024, the weighted-average remaining lease term for all operating leases was 4.31 years and 4.70 years, respectively. The Company does not generally have access to the rate implicit in the leases and therefore selected a rate that is reflective of companies with similar credit ratings for secured debt as the discount rate. The weighted average discount rate for operating leases as of October 31, 2025 and 2024, was 7.08% and 6.38%, respectively.

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**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE G – SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company operates under two reportable segments based on the geographic locations of its subsidiaries:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) FEI-NY – operates out of New York and its operations consist principally of precision time and frequency control products used in three principal markets: communication satellites (both commercial and U.S. Government-funded); terrestrial cellular telephone or other ground-based telecommunication stations; and other components and systems for the U.S. military. The FEI-NY segment also includes the operations of the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, FEI-Elcom. FEI-Elcom, in addition to its own product line, provides design and technical support for the FEI-NY segment's communication satellite business.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) FEI-Zyfer
 – operates out of California and its products incorporate Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies into systems and
 subsystems for secure communications, both government and commercial, and other locator applications. This segment also provides
 sales and support for the Company's wireline telecommunications family of products, including US5G, which are sold in the U.S.
 market.

The Company measures segment performance based on total revenues and profits generated by each geographic location rather than on the specific types of customers or end-users. Consequently, the Company determined that the segments indicated above most appropriately reflect the way the Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") views the business.

The accounting policies of the two segments are the same as those described in "Note 1. Summary of Accounting Policies" to the consolidated financial statements included in the Form 10-K. Our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") serves as our CODM who evaluates the segment performance and allocates resources to them based on operating income which is defined as income before investment income, interest expense, other expenses, and income taxes. Operating income by segment is used to monitor segment results compared to prior periods, forecasted results, and the annual plan.

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**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The tables below present segment revenues, significant segment expenses, which consist of segment cost of revenues and segment R&D expenses, and segment operating income for each reportable segment and on a consolidated basis as reported in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
|  | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Revenues: |  |  |  |  |
| FEI-NY | $10794 | $11518 | $21148 | $22494 |
| FEI-Zyfer | 7065 | 4559 | 10783 | 8831 |
| less intersegment revenues | (732) | (257) | (992) | (427) |
| Consolidated revenues | $17127 | $15820 | $30939 | $30898 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |  |
| FEI-NY | $6919 | $5907 | $13866 | $12494 |
| FEI-Zyfer | 4176 | 2742 | 6266 | 4689 |
| Less intersegment cost of revenues | (504) | (448) | (811) | (603) |
| Consolidated cost of revenues | $10591 | $8201 | $19321 | $16580 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Research and development expenses: |  |  |  |  |
| FEI-NY | $616 | $800 | $1166 | $1681 |
| FEI-Zyfer | 583 | 813 | 1166 | 1420 |
| Consolidated research and development expenses | $1199 | $1613 | $2332 | $3101 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |
| FEI-NY | $693 | $2402 | $860 | $3779 |
| FEI-Zyfer | 1473 | 253 | 1773 | 1393 |
| Less intersegment operating income | (228) | 164 | (180) | 149 |
| Corporate | (224) | (201) | (374) | (338) |
| Consolidated operating income | $1714 | $2618 | $2079 | $4983 |

---

Included in the determination of operating income is selling, general, and administrative expenses of $2.6 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, for the FEI-NY segment, and $0.8 million for both the three months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, for the FEI-Zyfer segment. Included in the determination of operating income is selling, general, and administrative expenses of $5.3 million and $4.6 million for the six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, for the FEI-NY segment, and $1.6 million and $1.3 million for the six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, for the FEI-Zyfer segment.

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**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The tables below present the identifiable assets of each reportable segment and on a consolidated basis as reported in the consolidated balance sheets as of October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025 and the depreciation and amortization charges related to these identifiable assets for the three and six months then ended (in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **October 31,<br> 2025** | **April 30,<br> 2025** |
| Identifiable assets: |  |  |
| FEI-NY | $37780 | $39125 |
| FEI-Zyfer | 24653 | 23865 |
| less intersegment balances | (320) | (140) |
| Corporate | 30142 | 30887 |
| Consolidated identifiable assets | $92255 | $93737 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
|  | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FEI-NY | $421 | $522 | $853 | $955 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FEI-Zyfer | 12 | 28 | 50 | 56 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Consolidated depreciation and amortization expense | $433 | $550 | $903 | $1011 |

---

Total revenue recognized over time as Percentage of Completion ("POC") and Passage of Title ("POT") was approximately $14.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of the $17.1 million reported for the three months ended October 31, 2025. Total revenue recognized over time as POC and POT was approximately $27.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively, of the $30.9 million reported for the six months ended October 31, 2025. Total revenue recognized over time as POC and POT was approximately $15.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of the $15.8 million reported for the three months ended October 31, 2024. Total revenue recognized over time as POC and POT was approximately $29.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of the $30.9 million reported for the six months ended October 31, 2024.

The amounts by segment and product line were as follows (in thousands):

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended October 31,** | **Three Months Ended October 31,** | **Three Months Ended October 31,** | **Three Months Ended October 31,** | **Three Months Ended October 31,** | **Three Months Ended October 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  | **POC<br> Revenue** | **POT <br> Revenue** | **Total <br> Revenue** | **POC<br> Revenue** | **POT <br> Revenue** | **Total<br> Revenue** |
| FEI-NY | $9713 | $1081 | $10794 | $10842 | $676 | $11518 |
| FEI-Zyfer | 5123 | 1942 | 7065 | 4282 | 277 | 4559 |
| Less: intersegment | - | (732) | (732) | - | (257) | (257) |
| Revenue | $14836 | $2291 | $17127 | $15124 | $696 | $15820 |

---

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended October 31,** | **Six Months Ended October 31,** | **Six Months Ended October 31,** | **Six Months Ended October 31,** | **Six Months Ended October 31,** | **Six Months Ended October 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  | **POC<br> Revenue** | **POT <br> Revenue** | **Total <br> Revenue** | **POC<br> Revenue** | **POT <br> Revenue** | **Total <br> Revenue** |
| FEI-NY | $19462 | $1686 | $21148 | $21349 | $1145 | $22494 |
| FEI-Zyfer | 7804 | 2979 | 10783 | 8283 | 548 | 8831 |
| Less: intersegment | - | (992) | (992) | - | (427) | (427) |
| Revenue | $27266 | $3673 | $30939 | $29632 | $1266 | $30898 |

---

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**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
|  | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Revenues by product line: |  |  |  |  |
| Satellite revenue | $4674 | $9390 | $11188 | $17653 |
| Government non-space revenue | 11893 | 5839 | 18752 | 12110 |
| Other commercial & industrial revenue | 560 | 591 | 999 | 1135 |
| Consolidated revenues | $17127 | $15820 | $30939 | $30898 |

---

NOTE H – INVESTMENT IN MORION, INC.

The Company has an investment in Morion, Inc., a privately-held Russian company, which manufactures high precision quartz resonators and crystal oscillators. The Company has also previously licensed certain technology to Morion.

The Company's investment consists of 4.6% of Morion's outstanding shares. However, due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict and resulting sanctions, the future status of FEI's investment in Morion became uncertain and accordingly, such investment was entirely written off in fiscal year 2022. Accordingly, the carrying value of this investment was $0 as of October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025.

During the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not acquire any product from Morion. During the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not receive dividends from Morion.

Prior purchases of materials from Morion consisted primarily of quartz crystal blanks, which were used in the fabrication of quartz resonators. However, on October 30, 2024, the U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control designated Morion as a Specially Designated National, resulting in the blocking of all Morion property and property interests. As a result, the Company has terminated all commercial relationships with Morion, including the licensing of technology to Morion and the purchase of any products from Morion. The Company has established alternate sources of supply with respect to items previously acquired from Morion. The Company is also capable of fabricating the crystal blanks in-house.

NOTE I – RESTRICTED CASH

As of October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, restricted cash consisted of approximately $1.4 million, in both periods, primarily related to a letter of credit required for contractual restrictions during the period of performance for one of the Company's contracts. Restricted cash is classified as current or non-current based on the remaining performance period of the contract.

A reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash from the condensed consolidated balance sheets to the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is shown below (in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **October 31,<br> 2025** | **April 30,<br> 2025** |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $2992 | $4720 |
| Restricted cash | 1384 | 1365 |
| Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $4376 | $6085 |

---

NOTE J – RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). The amendments in ASU 2023-09 aim to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending April 30, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its consolidated financial statements.

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**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

NOTE K – DEFERRED INCOME TAXES

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, which will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future.

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed H.R.1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") into law. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company accounted for the tax effects of changes in tax law in the period of enactment during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026. The OBBBA made changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to: (1) allowing taxpayers to fully deduct domestic research expenditures for tax years beginning after December 31, 2024, (2) provides a catch-up relief provision for taxpayers to accelerate deductions for unamortized domestic research expenditures, (3) provides a permanent provision for 100% bonus depreciation deductions for most tangible personal property with a recovery period of 20 years or less, acquired and placed in service after January 19, 2025, and (4) for tax years beginning after December 31, 2024, restores Adjusted Taxable Income by adding back amortization and depreciation to calculate the limitation on interest deductions (effectively returning to EBITDA).

As required by the authoritative guidance on accounting for income taxes, we evaluate the realization of deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis at each reporting date. We consider all positive and negative evidence, including the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and results of recent operations. Accounting for income taxes requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In circumstances where there is sufficient negative evidence indicating that the deferred tax assets will not be realizable, we establish a valuation allowance. In general, the favorable research and expenditure provisions and permanent bonus depreciation provision will allow the Company to accelerate deductions and reduce cash taxes. The enactment of the OBBBA did not have a material impact on our provision or effective tax rate as of October 31, 2025. We continue to evaluate the OBBBA and its requirements, as well as its application to our business and its impact on cash taxes and our effective tax rate.

As of October 31, 2025, the Company maintains a valuation allowance of $1.4 million primarily against certain deferred tax assets, including state tax credits and capital losses because the realization of these tax attributes requires sufficient taxable income be sourced to the respective state jurisdiction and capital gain income is required to utilize capital losses. If these estimates and assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to adjust its existing valuation allowance resulting in a change to deferred income tax expense.

NOTE L – PRODUCT WARRANTIES

The Company generally provides its customers with a one-year warranty regarding the manufactured quality and functionality of its products. The Company establishes warranty reserves based on its product history, current information on repair costs and annual sales levels. As of October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025, respectively, changes in the carrying amount of accrued product warranty costs, reported in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets, were as follows (in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **October 31,<br> 2025** | **April 30,<br> 2025** |
| Balance at beginning of year | $567 | $542 |
| Warranty costs incurred | (130) | (253) |
| Product warranty accrual | 120 | 278 |
| Balance at end of year | $557 | $567 |

---

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**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

**Item 2. <u>Management</u>**'**<u>s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</u>**

*"Safe Harbor*" *Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995*:

The statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Form 10-Q") regarding future earnings and operations and other statements relating to the future constitute "forward-looking" statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements inherently involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Factors that would cause or contribute to such differences include but are not limited to, our inability to integrate operations and personnel, actions by significant customers or competitors, general domestic and international economic conditions, reliance on key customers, including the U.S government, continued acceptance of the Company's products in the marketplace, competitive factors, new products and technological changes, product prices and raw material costs, dependence upon third-party vendors, other supply chain related issues, increasing costs for materials, operating related expenses, competitive developments, changes in manufacturing and transportation costs, the availability of capital, the outcome of any litigation and arbitration proceedings, and failure to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting. The factors listed above are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Form 10-Q and in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2025 (the "Form 10-K") include additional factors that could materially and adversely impact the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, the Company operates in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict the impact of all these factors on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not rely on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Any or all of the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q and any other public statement made by the Company or its management may turn out to be incorrect. The Company expressly disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

**Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

The Company believes its most critical accounting policies to be the recognition of revenue and costs on production contracts and the valuation of inventory. Both of these areas require the Company to make use of reasonable estimates including estimating the cost to complete a contract, the realizable value of its inventory and the market value of its products. Changes in estimates can have a material impact on the Company's financial position and results of operations. The Company's significant accounting policies did not change during the three and six months ended October 31, 2025.

<u>Revenue Recognition</u>

Revenues are reported in operating results predominantly over time using the cost-to-cost method. Under this method, revenue is recorded based upon the ratio that incurred costs bear to total estimated contract costs with related cost of revenues recorded as the costs are incurred. Each month management reviews estimated contract costs through a process of aggregating actual costs incurred and estimating additional costs to completion based upon the current available information regarding labor, outside services, materials, overhead costs, and status of the contract. The effect of any change in the estimated gross margin rate ("GM Rate") for a contract is reflected in revenues in the period in which the change is known. Provisions for the full amount of anticipated losses on contracts are made in the period in which they become determinable.

Significant judgment is used in evaluating the financial information for certain contracts to determine an appropriate budget and estimated cost. The Company evaluates this information continuously and bases its judgments on historical experience, design specifications, and expected costs for material and labor.

<u>Inventories</u>

In accordance with industry practice, inventoried costs contain amounts relating to contracts and programs with long production cycles, a portion of which will not be realized within one year. Inventory write downs are established for slow-moving materials based on percentage of usage over a ten-year period, obsolete items on a gradual basis over five years with no usage and costs incurred on programs for which production-level orders cannot be determined as probable. Such write-downs are based upon management's experience and estimates for future business. Any changes arising from revised estimates are reflected in cost of revenues in the period the revision is made.

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**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

(Continued)

<u>Income Taxes</u>

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized. We monitor the realizability of our deferred tax assets taking into account all relevant factors at each reporting period. In completing our assessment of realizability of our deferred tax assets, we consider our history of income (loss) measured at pre-tax income (loss) adjusted for permanent book-tax differences on a jurisdictional basis, volatility in actual earnings, excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation in recent prior years and impacts of the timing of reversal of existing temporary differences. We also rely on our assessment of the Company's projected future results of business operations, including uncertainty in future operating results relative to historical results, volatility in the market price of our common stock and its performance over time, variable macroeconomic conditions impacting our ability to forecast future taxable income, and changes in business that may affect the existence and magnitude of future taxable income. Our valuation allowance assessment is based on our best estimate of future results considering all available information.

Our provision for or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment.

**RESULTS OF OPERATIONS**

The table below sets forth for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, the percentage of consolidated revenues represented by certain items in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations or notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
|  | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Revenues |  |  |  |  |
| FEI-NY | 63.0% | 72.8% | 68.3% | 72.8% |
| FEI-Zyfer | 41.3 | 28.8 | 34.9 | 28.6 |
| Less intersegment revenues | (4.3) | (1.6) | (3.2) | (1.4) |
|  | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Cost of revenues | 61.8 | 51.8 | 62.5 | 53.7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gross margin | 38.2 | 48.2 | 37.5 | 46.3 |
| Selling and administrative expenses | 21.2 | 21.4 | 23.3 | 20.2 |
| Research and development expenses | 7.0 | 10.2 | 7.5 | 10.0 |
| Operating income | 10.0 | 16.6 | 6.7 | 16.1 |
| Other income, net | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.2 |
| (Benefit) provision for income taxes | (0.2) | 0.9 | (0.4) | 0.9 |
| Net income | 10.5% | 16.8% | 7.9% | 16.4% |

---

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**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

(Continued)

**<u>Revenues</u>**

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
| | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| <br>**Segment** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** |
| FEI-NY | $10794 | $11518 | $(724) | (6.3)% | $21148 | $22494 | $(1346) | (6.0)% |
| FEI-Zyfer | 7065 | 4559 | 2506 | 55.0 | 10783 | 8831 | 1952 | 22.1 |
| Intersegment revenues | (732) | (257) | (475) | 184.8 | (992) | (427) | (565) | 132.3 |
|  | $17127 | $15820 | $1307 | 8.3% | $30939 | $30898 | $41 | 0.1% |

---

For the three months ended October 31, 2025, revenues from commercial and U.S. Government communication satellite programs accounted for approximately 27% of consolidated revenues compared to approximately 59% of consolidated revenues during this same period in the prior fiscal year. Revenues are recognized primarily over time under the percentage-of-completion ("POC") method. Revenues from the satellite market are recorded in the FEI-NY segment. Revenues from non-space U.S. Government/Department of Defense ("DOD") customers, which are recorded in both the FEI-NY and FEI-Zyfer segments, accounted for approximately 70% of consolidated revenues for the three months ended October, 31, 2025 compared to approximately 37% of consolidated revenue during the same period in the prior fiscal year. Other commercial and industrial revenues for the three months ended October 31, 2025 accounted for approximately 3% of consolidated revenue compared to 4% in the same period of the prior fiscal year.

The revenue for the three months ended October, 31, 2025 was higher than revenues in the prior period due to an increase in non-space DOD products, in the FEI-Zyfer segment. This increase was in both shipment-based products as well as products accounted for under the POC method.

For the six months ended October 31, 2025, revenues from commercial and U.S. Government communication satellite programs accounted for approximately 36% of consolidated revenues compared to approximately 57% of consolidated revenues during this same period in the prior fiscal year. Revenues from non-space U.S. Government/DOD customers accounted for approximately 61% of consolidated revenues for the six months ended October, 31, 2025 compared to approximately 39% of consolidated revenue during the same period in the prior fiscal year. Other commercial and industrial revenues for the six months ended October 31, 2025 accounted for approximately 3% of consolidated revenue compared to 4% in the same period of the prior fiscal year. The slight increase in revenue for this six month period, compared to the same period in the previous fiscal year, was attributable to the FEI-Zyfer segment and the increased demand for non-space DOD products.

**<u>Gross Margin</u>**

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
|  | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** |
|  | $6536 | $7619 | $(1083) | (14.2) | $11618 | $14318 | $(2700) | (18.9) |
| Gross margin rate | 38.2% | 48.2% |  |  | 37.5% | 46.3% |  |  |

---

For the three months and six months ended October 31, 2025, both gross margin ("GM") and GM Rate decreased compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year. The decrease in GM and GM Rate were attributable to a change in the mix of high margin production satellite programs in the prior year periods versus lower margin programs with significant non-recurring engineering ("NRE") effort during the three and six months ended October 31, 2025.

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**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

(Continued)

**<u>Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses</u>**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
| **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** |
| $3623 | $3388 | $235 | 6.9% | $7207 | $6234 | $973 | 15.6% |

---

For the three months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, selling, general, and administrative ("SG&A") expenses were approximately 21% of consolidated revenues in both periods. For the six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, SG&A expenses were approximately 23% and 20%, respectively, of consolidated revenues. The increase in SG&A expenses during the three months ended October 31, 2025 was due to fluctuations in the various expense accounts that make up SG&A. For the six months ended October 31, 2025 an increase in payroll related expenses, including stock-based compensation, and investments in the future growth of the Company, including expansion into Colorado and Quantum sensing, resulted in increased SG&A expenses. These increased SG&A expenses are expected to continue through the remainder of fiscal year 2026.

**<u>Research and Development Expenses</u>**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
| **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** |
| $1199 | $1613 | $(414) | (25.7)% | $2332 | $3101 | $(769) | (24.8)% |

---

Research and Development ("R&D") expenditures represent investments intended to keep the Company's products at the leading edge of time and frequency technology and enhance future competitiveness. Fluctuations in R&D expenditures will occur in some periods due to current operational needs supporting ongoing programs. The Company plans to continue to invest in R&D in the future to keep its products at the state of the art.

**<u>Operating Income</u>**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
| **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** |
| $1714 | $2618 | $(904) | (34.5)% | $2079 | $4983 | $(2904) | (58.3)% |

---

For the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, operating income decreased due to lower gross margin and increased SG&A as described above.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

(Continued)

**<u>Other Income (Expense), net</u>**

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
|  | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** |
| Investment income, net | $153 | $203 | $(50) | (24.6)% | $371 | $427 | $(56) | (13.1)% |
| Interest expense | (22) | (27) | 5 | (18.5) | (46) | (53) | 7 | (13.2) |
| Other expense, net | (75) | (1) | (74) | NM | (77) | (1) | (76) | NM |
|  | $56 | $175 | $(119) | (68.0)% | $248 | $373 | $(125) | (33.5)% |

---

Other income (expense), net is derived from various sources. The other income (expense), net can come from reclaiming of metal, refunds, interest on deferred trust assets, or the sale of a fixed asset. Interest expense is related to the deferred compensation payments made to retired employees. The majority of the approximately $0.2 million and $0.4 million of investment income for the three and six months ended October 31, 2025, respectively, was from interest income and unrealized gains on assets held in the Frequency Electronics, Inc. Deferred Compensation Trust.

**<u>(Benefit) Provision for Income Tax</u>**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
| **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
| **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **Change** |
| $(31) | $139 | $(170) | (122.3)% | $(108) | $272 | $(380) | (139.7)% |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three months** | **Three months** | **Six months** | **Six months** |
|  | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** | **Periods ended October 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Effective tax rate on pre-tax book income: | (1.7)% | 5.0% | (4.6)% | 5.1% |

---

On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed the OBBBA into law. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the Company accounted for the tax effects of changes in tax law in the period of enactment during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026. The OBBBA made changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to: (1) allowing taxpayers to fully deduct domestic research expenditures for tax years beginning after December 31, 2024, (2) provides a catch-up relief provision for taxpayers to accelerate deductions for unamortized domestic research expenditures, (3) a permanent provision for 100% bonus depreciation deductions for most tangible personal property with a recovery period of 20 years or less, acquired and placed in service after January 19, 2025, and (4) for tax years beginning after December 31, 2024, restores Adjusted Taxable Income by adding back amortization and depreciation to calculate the limitation on interest deductions (effectively returning to EBITDA).

The estimated annual effective tax rate for the fiscal year ending April 30, 2026 is 21.69%. This calculation reflects an estimated income tax expense based on our current fiscal year annual pretax income forecast which includes non-deductible expenses, estimated research and development credits, and state income taxes. The estimate of the annual effective tax rate is based on evaluations of possible future events and may be subject to revision in future reporting periods.

For the three months ending October 31, 2025, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $30,644 which includes a discrete income tax benefit of $418,766. The discrete income tax benefit is primarily due to stock compensation windfall deductions and a remeasurement of the net deferred tax asset due to a new state filing. The calculation of the overall income tax provision consists of current U.S. federal and state income taxes. For the three months ending October 31, 2024, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $138,592 which included a discrete tax income benefit of $9,577.

For the six months ended October 31, 2025, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $107,915 which includes a discrete tax benefit of $612,685. The discrete income tax benefit is primarily due to stock compensation windfall deductions and a remeasurement of the net deferred tax asset due to a new state filing. The calculation of the overall income tax provision consists of current U.S. federal and state income taxes. For the six months ended October 31, 2024, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $271,522 which includes a discrete tax benefit of $4,222.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

(Continued)

The effective tax rate for the three months ended October 31, 2025 was an income tax benefit of 1.73% on pretax income of $1.8 million compared to an income tax provision of 4.96% on pretax income of $2.8 million in the comparable prior fiscal year period. The effective tax rate for the three months ended October 31, 2025 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to non-deductible expenses, state income taxes, R&D credits and discrete items.

The effective tax rate for the six months ended October 31, 2025 was an income tax benefit of 4.64% on pretax income of $2.3 million compared to an income tax provision of 5.07% on pretax income of $5.4 million in the comparable prior fiscal year period. The effective tax rate for the six months ended October 31, 2025 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to non-deductible expenses, state income taxes, R&D credits and discrete items.

**LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES**

The Company's consolidated balance sheets continue to reflect a strong working capital position of approximately $31.3 million at October 31, 2025 and approximately $29.7 million at April 30, 2025. Included in working capital at October 31, 2025 and April 30, 2025 was $3.0 million and $4.7 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents. The Company's current ratio was 2.6 to 1 at October 31, 2025 compared to 2.3 to 1 as of April 30, 2025.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024 was approximately $0.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities in the first six months of fiscal 2026 as compared to the prior fiscal year period was primarily due to timing of billings and cash collections and a decrease in net income. For the six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred approximately $2.7 million and $2.5 million, respectively, of non-cash operating expenses including amortization of ROU assets, depreciation and amortization, inventory net realizable value adjustments, deferred compensation, and accruals for employee benefit programs.

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended October 31, 2025 and 2024 was approximately $1.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, all relating to purchases of capital expenditures.

Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended October 31, 2025 was $1.0 million, all related to purchase of treasury stock. Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended October 31, 2024 was $9.7 million, of which $9.6 million was related to the payout of a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share of common stock paid on August 29, 2024.

In March 2005, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $5.0 million worth of shares of the Company's common stock. On September 9, 2025, the Company's Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase authorization in the amount of $20.0 million. Under this new share repurchase authorization, the Company's shares of common stock may be purchased on a discretionary basis from time to time, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means. This repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice. The new share repurchase authorization replaced the Company's existing share repurchase authorization under which approximately $0.6 million remained. This new share repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date.

During the three months ended October 31, 2025, the Company acquired 10,219 shares at a weighted average share price of $36.72 per share. The Company acquired these shares to satisfy tax withholding requirements upon the vesting of previously granted RSU awards. As of October 31, 2025, the Company had repurchased approximately $0.4 million of its common stock out of the $20.0 million authorized under the new share repurchase authorization. During the three months ended October 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 7,893 shares of outstanding common stock at $12.62 per share, respectively.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC. and SUBSIDIARIES**

(Continued)

The Company will continue to expend resources for R&D to develop, improve and acquire products for space applications, guidance and targeting systems, and communication systems that management believes will result in future growth and profitability. The Company anticipates securing additional customer funding for a portion of its R&D activities and will allocate internal funds depending on market conditions and identification of new opportunities. The Company expects internally generated cash will be adequate to fund these R&D efforts. The Company may also pursue acquisitions to expand its range of products and may use internally generated cash and external funding in connection with such acquisitions.

As of October 31, 2025, the Company's consolidated funded backlog was approximately $82 million compared to approximately $70 million at April 30, 2025. Approximately 69% of the backlog, as of October 31, 2025, is expected to be realized in the next twelve months. The Company excludes from backlog any contracts or awards for which it has not received authorization to proceed. On fixed price contracts, the Company excludes any unfunded portion. Over time, as partially funded contracts become fully funded, the Company will add the additional funding to its backlog. The backlog is subject to change for various reasons, including possible cancellation of orders, change orders, terms of the contracts and other factors beyond the Company's control. Accordingly, the backlog is not necessarily indicative of future revenues or profits (losses) which may be realized when the results of such contracts are reported.

The Company believes that its liquidity is adequate to meet its short-term operating and investment needs through at least December 12, 2026 and its long-term operation and investment needs for the foreseeable future thereafter.

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company's financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources that is material to investors.

**Item 3. <u>Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk</u>**

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

**Item 4. <u>Controls and Procedures</u>**

<u>Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures</u>

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on their evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of October 31, 2025, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

<u>Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting</u>

There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2025 that has materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**PART II. OTHER INFORMATION**

**Item 1A. <u>Risk Factors</u>**

As disclosed in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in the Form 10-K, there are a number of risks and uncertainties that could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows. There are no material updates or changes to the Company's risk factors since the filing of the Form 10-K.

**Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds**

**<u>Share Repurchases</u>**

The following table presents the share repurchase activity for the quarter ended October 31, 2025:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Period** | **Total<br> number of<br> shares<br> purchased <br> (1) (2)** | **Average<br> price paid<br> per share** | **Total<br> number of<br> shares<br> purchased<br> as part of<br> the publicly<br> announced<br> plan or<br> program** | **Approximate<br> dollar <br> value of <br> shares that<br> may yet be<br> purchased<br> under the<br> plan or<br> program** |
| August 1 - 31, 2025 |  |  |  | $555912 |
| September 1 - 30, 2025 |  |  |  | $20000000 |
| October 1 - 31, 2025 | 10219 | $36.72 | 10219 | $19624758 |
| Total | 10219 |  | 10219 | $19624758 |

---

(1) In March 2005, the Company's Board of Directors authorized
the repurchase of up to $5.0 million worth of shares of the Company's common stock. On September 9, 2025, the Company's Board
of Directors approved a new share repurchase authorization in the amount of $20.0 million. Under this new share repurchase authorization,
the Company's shares of common stock may be purchased on a discretionary basis from time to time, subject to general business and
market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means.
This repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time without notice. The new share repurchase authorization replaced
the Company's existing share repurchase authorization under which approximately $0.6 million remained. This new share repurchase
authorization does not have an expiration date.

(2) Represents shares withheld with respect to stock-based awards
to satisfy required tax withholding obligations for the month of October 2025. There were no shares withheld or otherwise repurchased
during the months of August 2025 and September 2025.

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**Item 5. <u>Other Information</u>**

During the three months ended October 31, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

**Item 6. <u>Exhibits</u>**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 31.1 - | [Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](feimex31-1.htm) |
| 31.2 - | [Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](feimex31-2.htm) |
| 32 - | [Certifications by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](feimex32.htm) |
| 101- | The following materials from the Frequency Electronics, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 31, 2025 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Cover Page, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within Inline XBRL document. |
| 104- | Cover Page Interaction Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#TableOfContents)

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC.** | **FREQUENCY ELECTRONICS, INC.** |
| Dated: December 15, 2025 |  |  |
|  | By: | /s/ Thomas McClelland |
|  |  | Thomas McClelland |
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |
|  | By: | /s/ Steven L. Bernstein |
|  |  | Steven L. Bernstein |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer, <br> Secretary and Treasurer |
|  |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 302 OF**

**THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Thomas McClelland, certify that:

1. I
have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Frequency Electronics, Inc.;

2. Based
on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered
by this report;

3. Based
on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects
the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The
registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Designed
such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure
that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Designed
such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Evaluated
the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Disclosed
in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The
registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing
the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) All
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Any
fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal
control over financial reporting.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| /s/ Thomas McClelland | December 15, 2025 |
| Thomas McClelland |  |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |  |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |  |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 302 OF**

**THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Steven L. Bernstein, certify that:

1. I
have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Frequency Electronics, Inc.;

2. Based
on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered
by this report;

3. Based
on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects
the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The
registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange
Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Designed
such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure
that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Designed
such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Evaluated
the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;
and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Disclosed
in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's
most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected,
or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The
registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing
the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) All
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably
likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Any
fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal
control over financial reporting.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| /s/ Steven L. Bernstein | December 15, 2025 |
| Steven L. Bernstein |  |
| Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer |  |
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |  |

---

## Ex-32

**Exhibit 32**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350**

**ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

**<u>Certification of CEO</u>**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Frequency Electronics, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended October 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Thomas McClelland, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) The
Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) The
information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| /s/ Thomas McClelland | December 15, 2025 |
| Thomas McClelland |  |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |  |

---

**\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\***

**<u>Certification of CFO</u>**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Frequency Electronics, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended October 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Steven L. Bernstein, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) The
Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) The
information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| /s/ Steven L. Bernstein | December 15, 2025 |
| Steven L. Bernstein |  |
| Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer |  |

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A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request**.**

This certification accompanies this Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.