# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001533040
**File Stem:** 0001437749-25-034857
**Filing Date:** 2025-11
**Character Count:** 220631
**Document Hash:** 3c377386a34bb57eaf1d7b80038000e5
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001437749-25-034857.hdr.sgml**: 20251113

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001437749-25-034857

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 55

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250930

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251113

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20251113

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001533040
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 03 Life Sciences
- **EIN:** 453215903
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-36304
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251478944

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 411 SWEDELAND ROAD
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 23-1080
- **CITY:** KING OF PRUSSIA
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 19406
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** (508) 767-3861

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 411 SWEDELAND ROAD
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 23-1080
- **CITY:** KING OF PRUSSIA
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 19406

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** RXi Pharmaceuticals Corp
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20111019

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? phio20250930_10q.htm

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**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

☒ **QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025**

**OR**

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from to** 

**Commission File Number: 001-36304**

**Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.**

**(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **45-3215903** |
| **(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)** | **(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)** |

---

**411 Swedeland Road, Suite 23-1080, King of Prussia, PA 19406**

**(Address of principal executive office) (Zip code)**

**Registrant**'**s telephone number, including area code: (610) 947-0251**

**Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange on which registered** |
| Common Stock, par value, $0.0001 per share | PHIO | The Nasdaq Capital Market |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐ |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 11, 2025, Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. had 10,764,428 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, outstanding.

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**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.** 

**FORM 10-Q** — **QUARTER ENDED September 30, 2025**

**<u>INDEX</u>**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Part No.** | **Item No.** | **Description** | **Page**<br> **No.** |
| I |  | [<u>FINANCIAL INFORMATION</u>](#part1) | [3](#part1) |
|  | 1 | [<u>Financial Statements (Unaudited)</u>](#financialstmts) | [3](#financialstmts) |
|  |  | [<u>Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024</u>](#bs) | [3](#bs) |
|  |  | [<u>Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024</u>](#ops) | [4](#ops) |
|  |  | [<u>Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders</u><u>'</u> <u>Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024</u>](#equity) | [5](#equity) |
|  |  | [<u>Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024</u>](#cf) | [6](#cf) |
|  |  | [<u>Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements</u>](#notes) | [7](#notes) |
|  | 2 | [<u>Management</u><u>'</u><u>s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</u>](#mda) | [18](#mda) |
|  | 3 | [<u>Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk</u>](#quant) | [25](#quant) |
|  | 4 | [<u>Controls and Procedures</u>](#controls) | [25](#controls) |
| II |  | [<u>OTHER INFORMATION</u>](#part2) | [26](#part2) |
|  | 1 | [<u>Legal Proceedings</u>](#legal) | [26](#legal) |
|  | 1A | [<u>Risk Factors</u>](#risk) | [26](#risk) |
|  | 2 | [<u>Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds</u>](#unregistered) | [27](#unregistered) |
|  | 3 | [<u>Defaults Upon Senior Securities</u>](#defaults) | [27](#defaults) |
|  | 4 | [<u>Mine Safety Disclosures</u>](#mine) | [27](#mine) |
|  | 5 | [<u>Other Information</u>](#otherinfo) | [27](#otherinfo) |
|  | 6 | [<u>Exhibits</u>](#exhibits) | [28](#exhibits) |
| [<u>Signatures</u>](#signatures) | [<u>Signatures</u>](#signatures) | [<u>Signatures</u>](#signatures) | [30](#signatures) |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2

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**PART I** — **FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 1.** | **FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**  |

---

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

**(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **(Unaudited)** |  |
|  | ***September 30,*** | ***December 31,*** |
| **ASSETS** | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $10705 | $5382 |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 788 | 354 |
| Total current assets | 11493 | 5736 |
| Property and equipment, net | 12 | 2 |
| Total assets | $11505 | $5738 |
| **LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY** |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| Accounts payable | $516 | $253 |
| Accrued expenses | 1150 | 762 |
| Total liabilities | 1666 | 1015 |
| Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
| Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Series D Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 0 issued and outstanding at each of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  |  |
| Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 5,784,770 and 1,733,717 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 1 |  |
| Additional paid-in capital | 162521 | 151079 |
| Accumulated deficit | (152683) | (146356) |
| Total stockholders' equity | 9839 | 4723 |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $11505 | $5738 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3

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**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS**

**(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Nine Months Ended*** | ***Nine Months Ended*** |
|  | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
| Research and development | $1181 | $644 | $3141 | $2658 |
| General and administrative | 1324 | 946 | 3545 | 3055 |
| Total operating expenses | 2505 | 1590 | 6686 | 5713 |
| Operating loss | (2505) | (1590) | (6686) | (5713) |
| Interest income (expense), net | 113 | 66 | 357 | 189 |
| Other income (expense), net |  |  | 2 |  |
| Net loss | $(2392) | $(1524) | $(6327) | $(5524) |
| Net loss per common share: |  |  |  |  |
| Basic and diluted | (0.44) | (1.54) | (1.30) | (8.23) |
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |
| Basic and diluted | 5468584 | 990033 | 4859134 | 670875 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4

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**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.** 

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS**' **EQUITY**

**(Amounts in thousands, except share data)** 

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Common Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Additional*** |  |  |
|  |  |  | ***Paid in*** | ***Accumulated*** |  |
| **For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | ***Shares*** | ***Amount*** | ***Capital*** | ***Deficit*** | ***Total*** |
| Balance at December 31, 2024 | 1733717 | $- | $151079 | $(146356) | $4723 |
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | 537432 |  | 2680 |  | 2680 |
| Issuance of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs of $1,028 | 2507005 |  | 6493 |  | 6493 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | *–* |  | 43 |  | 43 |
| Net loss | *–* |  |  | (1769) | (1769) |
| Balance at March 31, 2025 | 4778154 | $- | $160295 | $(148125) | $12170 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | *-* |  | 51 |  | 51 |
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | 20000 |  | 40 |  | 40 |
| Net loss | *-* |  |  | (2166) | (2166) |
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | 4798154 | $- | $160386 | $(150291) | $10095 |
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | 100000 |  | 200 |  | 200 |
| Issuance of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs of $435 | 828596 | 1 | 1852 |  | 1853 |
| Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units | 71000 |  |  |  |  |
| Shares withheld for payroll taxes | (12980) |  | (30) |  | (30) |
| Stock-based compensation expense | *-* |  | 113 |  | 113 |
| Net loss | *-* |  |  | (2392) | (2392) |
| Balance at September 30, 2025 | 5784770 | $1 | $162521 | $(152683) | $9839 |

---

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | **Additional** |  |  |
|  |  |  | **Paid in** | **Accumulated** |  |
| **For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Capital** | **Deficit** | **Total** |
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | 416368 | $- | $146936 | $(139206) | $7730 |
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | 91820 |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units | 2689 |  |  |  |  |
| Shares withheld for payroll taxes | (689) |  | (4) |  | (4) |
| Stock-based compensation expense | *-* |  | 32 |  | 32 |
| Net loss | *-* |  |  | (2154) | (2154) |
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | 510188 | $- | $146964 | $(141360) | $5604 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | *-* |  | 15 |  | 15 |
| Net loss | *-* |  |  | (1846) | (1846) |
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | 510188 | $- | $146979 | $(143206) | $3773 |
| Cash-in-lieu of fractional shares for reverse stock split | (255) |  | (1) |  | (1) |
| Issuance of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs | 216528 |  | 2646 |  | 2646 |
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | 231758 |  |  |  |  |
| Stock-based compensation expense | *-* |  | 52 |  | 52 |
| Net loss | *-* |  |  | (1524) | (1524) |
| Balance at September 30, 2024 | 958219 | $- | $149676 | $(144730) | $4946 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5

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**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.** 

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS**

**(Amounts in thousands)**

 **(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Nine Months Ended*** | ***Nine Months Ended*** |
|  | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
| Net loss | $(6327) | $(5524) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| Depreciation and amortization | 2 | 2 |
| Amortization of right of use asset |  | 33 |
| Net gain/loss on disposal of property and equipment |  | 3 |
| Stock-based compensation | 207 | 99 |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | (434) | 361 |
| Accounts payable | 263 | (473) |
| Accrued expenses | 389 | (207) |
| Lease liability |  | (35) |
| **Net cash used in operating activities** | **(5900)** | **(5741)** |
| Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
| Cash paid for purchase of property and equipment | (12) |  |
| **Net cash used in investing activities** | **(12)** | **-** |
| Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
| Net proceeds from the exercise of warrants | 2920 | 2646 |
| Net proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants | 8345 | (1) |
| Payments of taxes for net shares settled restricted stock unit issuances | (30) | (4) |
| **Net cash provided by financing activities** | **11235** | **2641** |
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 5323 | (3100) |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of period | 5382 | 8490 |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $**10705** | $**5390** |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:** |  |  |
| Interest paid | $- | $- |

---

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6

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**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

**NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS** 

**(Unaudited)**

***1.* Organization and Significant Accounting Policies**

***Nature of Operations***

Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. ("**Phio**" or the "**Company**") is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company whose proprietary INTASYL® self-delivering small interfering RNAi(siRNA) technology is designed to make immune cells more effective in killing tumor cells. The Company is developing therapeutics that are designed to leverage INTASYL to precisely target specific proteins that reduce the body's ability to fight cancer, without the need for specialized formulations or drug delivery systems. The Company is committed to discovering and developing innovative cancer treatments for patients by creating new pathways toward a cancer-free future.

Phio was incorporated in the state of Delaware in *2011* as RXi Pharmaceuticals Corporation. On *November 19, 2018,* the Company changed its name to Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp., to reflect its transition from a platform company to *one* that is fully committed to developing groundbreaking immuno-oncology therapeutics.

***Basis of Presentation***

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("**GAAP**"). Certain information and footnote disclosures that are included in the Company's annual consolidated financial statements, but that are *not* required for interim reporting purposes, have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of results for the periods presented.

These statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form *10*-K for the year ended *December 31, 2024*, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "**SEC**") on *March 31, 2025 (*the "***2024* Form *10*-K**"). Interim results are *not* necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

***Principles of Consolidation***

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, MirImmune, LLC. All material intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

***Segments***

The Company operates as one operating segment and all assets are located in the United States.

***Reverse Stock Split***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effective *July 5, 2024,* the Company completed a *1*-for-9 reverse stock split of the Company's outstanding common stock, including reclassifying an amount equal to the reduction in par value to additional paid-in capital. The reverse stock split did *not* reduce the number of authorized shares of the Company's common or preferred stock. All share and per share amounts have been adjusted to give effect to the reverse stock split.

***Use of Estimates***

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The areas subject to significant estimates and judgment include, among others, those related to the fair value of equity awards, accruals for research and development expenses, useful lives of property and equipment, and the valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets. On an ongoing basis the Company evaluates its estimates and bases its estimates on historical experience and other relevant assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *7*

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***Liquidity***

The Company has reported recurring losses from operations since its inception and expects to continue to have negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. Historically, the Company's primary source of funding has been from sales of its securities. The Company's ability to continue to fund its operations is dependent on obtaining funding from *third* parties, such as proceeds from the issuance of debt, sale of equity, or strategic opportunities, in order to maintain its operations. This is dependent on a number of factors, including the market demand or liquidity of the Company's common stock. There is *no* guarantee that debt, additional equity or other funding will be available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all. If the Company fails to obtain additional funding when needed, the Company would be forced to scale back or terminate its operations or seek to merge with or to be acquired by another company.

Based on current cash flow projections, the Company believes it has sufficient cash and cash equivalents, including net proceeds from its *November 2025* Financing (as defined below), to meet its current planned obligations for at least *12* months from the date these financial statements are issued. The Company has limited cash resources, has incurred recurring operating losses and negative cash flows from its operations since its inception and has *not* yet recognized any product revenues. These factors have previously raised doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. With the net proceeds from the *November 2025* Financing, the Company was able to alleviate such doubt as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form *10*-Q.

***Summary of Significant Accounting Policies***

*Cash and Cash Equivalents* 

Cash and cash equivalents include unrestricted cash accounts, money market investments and highly liquid investment instruments with original maturity of *three* months or less at the date of purchase.

Other than as set forth above, there have been *no* material changes to the significant accounting policies disclosed in the Company's *2024* Form *10*-K.

***Recent Accounting Pronouncements***

In *December 2023,* the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") *2023*-*09,* "Income Taxes (Topic *740*): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures," which requires public business entities to disclose additional information in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. It also requires greater detail about individual reconciling items in the rate reconciliation to the extent the impact of those items exceeds a specified threshold. In addition to new disclosures associated with the rate reconciliation, the ASU requires information pertaining to taxes paid (net of refunds received) to be disaggregated for federal, state, and foreign taxes and further disaggregated for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold. The ASU also describes items that need to be disaggregated based on their nature, which is determined by reference to the item's fundamental or essential characteristics, such as the transaction or event that triggered the establishment of the reconciling item and the activity with which the reconciling item is associated. The ASU eliminates the historic requirement that entities disclose information concerning unrecognized tax benefits having a reasonable possibility of significantly increasing or decreasing in the *12* months following the reporting date. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after *December 15, 2024.* Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have *not* yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU should be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU *2023*-*09* will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In *November 2024,* the FASB issued ASU *2024*-*03,* "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic *220*-*40*): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses," which requires additional disclosure about the specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. The amendments in this ASU do *not* change or remove current expense disclosure requirements but affect where this information appears in the notes to financial statements. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after *December 15, 2026,* and interim reporting periods beginning after *December 15, 2027,* with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU *2024*-*03* will have on its consolidated financial statements.

***Recent Tax Legislation***

On *July 4, 2025,* the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "**OBBBA**") was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions and allows immediate expensing of certain domestic research and experimental expenditures under new Section *174A* of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company does *not* expect the impact of the OBBBA to be material to its consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *8*

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***2.* Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities**

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are comprised of the following:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***September 30,***  | ***December 31,***  |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Accounts payable trade | $516 | $253 |
| Research and development accruals | 665 | 558 |
| Professional fee accrual | 67 | 173 |
| Payroll accruals | 418 | 31 |
|  | $1666 | $1015 |

---

***3.* Collaboration Agreement**

*AgonOx, Inc. (*"***AgonOx***"*)*

In *February 2021,* the Company entered into a clinical co-development collaboration agreement (the "**Clinical Co-Development Agreement**") with AgonOx, a private company developing a pipeline of novel immunotherapy drugs targeting key regulators of the immune response to cancer. Under the Clinical Co-Development Agreement, Phio and AgonOx were working to develop a T cell-based therapy using the Company's lead product candidate, PH-*762,* and AgonOx's "double positive" tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ("**DP TIL**") technology. Per the terms of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement, the Company agreed to reimburse AgonOx up to $4,000,000 in expenses incurred to conduct a Phase *1* clinical trial of PH-*762* treated DP TIL in patients with advanced melanoma and other advanced solid tumors.

In *May 2024,* the Company terminated the Clinical Co-Development Agreement with AgonOx, effective immediately. Effective as of the date of termination, the Clinical Co-Development Agreement and the continuing obligations of the Company and AgonOx thereunder were terminated in their entirety. The Company is *no* longer required to provide financial support for the development costs incurred in the Clinical Co-Development Agreement and the Company is *no* longer entitled to future development milestones or royalty payments from AgonOx's licensing of its DP TIL technology.

The Company paid AgonOx all payment obligations that accrued prior to the termination of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement, each of the Company and AgonOx were responsible for its own costs and expenses incurred in connection with the wind-down of the Phase *1* clinical trial. The Company made the remaining payment of $34,320, which primarily related to accrued obligations for patient fees and other miscellaneous costs as of the date of termination, to AgonOx on *March 21, 2025.* This settled all future obligations to AgonOx.

The Company did not recognize expense with respect to the Clinical Co-Development Agreement during the *three* and *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025*. During the *three* and *nine* months ended *September 30, 2024*, the Company recognized approximately $308,000 and $414,000, respectively, of expense with respect to the Clinical Co-Development Agreement.

***4.* Leases**

The Company leases space for various corporate and research purposes. It is the Company's policy to apply the provisions of ASC *842* when accounting for arrangements that meet the criteria to be a lease. The Company calculates the lease liability as the present value of the lease's cash flows using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if determinable. If the rate implicit in the lease is *not* determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is defined as the rate the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over the lease term. The Company has elected the accounting policy election available under ASC *842* to *not* record a lease liability for leases with a term of less than *one* year.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *9*

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From *April 2014* to *March 2024,* the Company leased space that was utilized as its corporate headquarters and primary laboratory. The lease expired on *March 31, 2024.* On *March 1, 2024,* the Company commenced a lease for a laboratory facility located at *17* Briden Street, Worcester, Massachusetts. The lease had an original expiration date of *August 31, 2024* and was subsequently extended through *February 28, 2025.* The Company continues to lease the space on a month-to-month basis. Monthly rent is approximately $2,600. In *March 2025,* the Company contracted with LifeSciences PA located at *411* Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA *19406* for access to full working space for normal hours of operations at a fee of $300 per month, which can be cancelled at any time.

Operating lease costs included in operating expense were approximately $9,000 and $8,000 for the *three* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively. Operating lease costs included in operating expense were approximately $22,000 and $19,000 for the *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively.

There was no cash paid for the amounts included in the measurement of the operating lease liability on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets and included within changes in the lease liability in the operating activities of the Company's condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the Company's former corporate headquarters for the *three* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024*. Cash paid for the amounts included in the measurement of the operating lease liability on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets and included within changes in the lease liability in the operating activities of the Company's condensed consolidated statements of cash flows was $0 and $35,000 for the *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively.

***5.* Stockholders**' **Equity**

***Financings***

 *May 2024* Financing*

On *May 16, 2024,* the Company entered into a purchase agreement (the "**Purchase Agreement**") with Triton Funds LP ("**Triton**"), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell, and Triton agreed to purchase, upon the Company's request in *one* or more transactions, up to 95,833 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $6.48 per share (the "**Purchase Price**"), for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $621,000. The Company recorded expense of approximately $100,000, primarily related to legal fees, in connection with the execution of the Purchase Agreement with Triton. On *July 3, 2024,* the Company terminated the Purchase Agreement with Triton effective immediately. No shares of Common Stock were sold by the Company pursuant to the Purchase Agreement prior to termination.

 *July 2024* Financing*

On *July 11, 2024,* the Company entered into inducement letter agreements (the "***July 2024* Inducement Letter Agreements**") with certain holders of certain of the Company's existing warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 545,286 shares of Common Stock. The existing warrants were originally issued in *February 2020* through *December 2023,* having exercise prices between $324.00 and $9.72 per share. Pursuant to the *July 2024* Inducement Letter Agreements, these warrants were exercised for cash at a reduced exercise of $5.45 per share in consideration of the Company's agreement to issue new unregistered five and *one*-half year term Series C warrants to purchase up to 583,098 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.45 and new unregistered eighteen month term Series D warrants to purchase up to 507,474 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.45, both issued and sold at a price of $0.125 per warrant share (the "***July 2024* Financing**"). In addition, the Company issued warrants to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the "**Placement Agent**") to purchase a total of 40,896 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $6.8125 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from the *July 2024* Financing were approximately $2,646,000, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses. The Company incurred non-cash equity issuance costs of approximately $2.4 million for the incremental fair value of the outstanding equity classified warrants and approximately $0.2 million for placement agent warrants.

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Pursuant to the terms of the *July 2024* Inducement Letter Agreements, in the event that the exercise of the existing warrants in the *July 2024* Financing would have otherwise caused a holder to exceed the beneficial ownership limitations set forth in the existing warrant, the Company issued the number of shares that would *not* cause a holder to exceed such beneficial ownership limitation and agreed to hold such balance of shares of Common Stock in abeyance. Accordingly, an aggregate of 328,758 shares of Common Stock were held in abeyance (the "***July 2024* Abeyance Shares**") with such *July 2024* Abeyance Shares evidenced through the holder's existing warrants and which are deemed to be prepaid. The *July 2024* Abeyance Shares were held until notice was received by the holder that the balance of the shares of Common Stock could be issued in compliance with such beneficial ownership limitations and were exercised pursuant to a notice of exercise from the holder. Until such time, the Abeyance Shares were evidenced through the holder's existing warrants and have been included in the Company's table of outstanding warrants below. During the year ended *December 31, 2024,* all of the *July 2024* Abeyance Shares were released.

 *December 19, 2024* Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement*

On *December 19, 2024,* the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "***December 19, 2024* Securities Purchase Agreement**") with certain institutional and accredited investors in connection with a registered direct offering (the "***December 19, 2024* Registered Direct Offering**") and concurrent private placement (the "***December 19, 2024* Private Placement**" and, together with the *December 19, 2024* Registered Direct Offering, the "***December 19, 2024* Offerings**"). The *December 19, 2024* Offerings closed on *December 20, 2024.* The net proceeds to the Company from the *December 19, 2024* Offerings were approximately $900,000, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses.

Pursuant to the *December 19, 2024* Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company offered and sold in the *December 19, 2024* Registered Direct Offering 437,192 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $2.635 per share. In the *December 19, 2024* Private Placement, the Company also issued to such institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 437,192 shares of Common Stock (the "**Series E Warrants**"). Under the terms of the *December 19, 2024* Securities Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in the *December 19, 2024* Registered Direct Offering, an accompanying Series E Warrant was issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Series E Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.51 per share and will expire on *December 20, 2029.* The Series E Warrants were offered and sold at a purchase price of $0.125 per Series E Warrant, which purchase price is included in the offering price per share of Common Stock issued in the *December 19, 2024* Registered Direct Offering.

 *December 23, 2024* Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement*

On *December 23, 2024,* the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "***December 23, 2024* Securities Purchase Agreement**") with certain institutional and accredited investors in connection with a registered direct public offering (the "***December 23, 2024* Registered Direct Offering**") and concurrent private placement (the "***December 23, 2024* Private Placement**" and, together with the *December 23, 2024* Registered Direct Offering, the "***December 23, 2024* Offerings**" and, together with the *December 19,* *2024* Offerings, the "***December 2024* Offerings**"). The *December 23, 2024* Offerings closed on *December 24, 2024.* The net proceeds to the Company from the *December 23, 2024* Offerings were approximately $480,000, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses.

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Pursuant to the *December 23, 2024* Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company offered and sold in the *December 23, 2024* Registered Direct Offering 240,000 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $2.00 per share. In the *December 23, 2024* Private Placement, the Company also issued to such institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 240,000 shares of Common Stock (the "**Series F Warrants**"). Under the terms of the *December 23, 2024* Securities Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in the *December 23, 2024* Registered Direct Offering, an accompanying Series F Warrant was issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Series F Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share and will expire on *December 24, 2029.* The Series F Warrants were offered and sold at a purchase price of $0.125 per Series F Warrant, which purchase price is included in the offering price per share of Common Stock issued in the *December 23, 2024* Registered Direct Offering.

In connection with the *December 2024* Offerings, the Company agreed to issue to the Placement Agent, or its designees, warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 50,789 shares of Common Stock (the "**Placement Agent Warrants**"), which represent 7.5% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock sold in the *December 19, 2024* Registered Direct Offering and the *December 23, 2024* Registered Direct Offering. The Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same terms as the Series E Warrants and the Series F Warrants, except that (i) 32,789 of the Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $3.2938, or 125% of the offering price per share of Common Stock sold in the *December 19, 2024* Registered Direct Offering, and are exercisable until *December 19, 2029,* and (ii) 18,000 of the Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $2.50, or 125% of the offering price per share of Common Stock sold in the *December 23, 2024* Registered Direct Offering, and are exercisable until *December 23, 2029.*

 *January 13, 2025* Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement*

On *January 13, 2025,* the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "***January 13, 2025* Securities Purchase Agreement**") with certain institutional and accredited investors in connection with a registered direct public offering (the "***January 13, 2025* Registered Direct Offering**") and concurrent private placement (the "***January 13, 2025* Private Placement**" and, together with the *January 13, 2025* Registered Direct Offering, the "***January 13, 2025* Offerings**"). The *January 13, 2025* Offerings closed on *January 14, 2025.* In addition, the Company issued warrants to the Placement Agent to purchase a total of 79,775 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.75 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from the *January 13, 2025* Registered Direct Offerings and the *January 13, 2025* Private Placement were approximately $2.9 million, after deducting fees and estimated offering expenses.

Pursuant to the *January 13, 2025* Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company offered and sold in the *January 13, 2025* Registered Direct Offering 1,063,670 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $3.00 per share. In the *January 13, 2025* Private Placement, the Company also issued to certain institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 2,127,340 shares of Common Stock (the "**Series G Warrants**"). Under the terms of the *January 13, 2025* Securities Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in the *January 13, 2025* Registered Direct Offering, two accompanying Series G Warrants were issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Series G Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share and will expire on *January 14, 2027.*

 *January 14, 2025* Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement*

On *January 14, 2025,* the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "***January 14, 2025* Securities Purchase Agreement**") with certain institutional and accredited investors in connection with a registered direct public offering (the "***January 14, 2025* Registered Direct Offering**") and concurrent private placement (the "***January 14, 2025* Private Placement**" and together with the *January 14, 2025* Registered Direct Offering, the "***January 14, 2025* Offerings**"). The *January 14, 2025* Offerings closed on *January 15, 2025.* In addition, the Company issued warrants to the Placement Agent to purchase a total of 62,500 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.75 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from the *January 14, 2025* Registered Direct Offering and the *January 14, 2025* Private Placement were approximately $2.2 million, after deducting fees and estimated offering expenses.

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Pursuant to the *January 14, 2025* Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company offered and sold in the *January 14, 2025* Registered Direct Offering 833,335 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $3.00 per share. In the *January 14, 2025* Private Placement, the Company also issued to such institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 1,666,670 shares of Common Stock (the "**Series H Warrants**"). Under the terms of the *January 14, 2025* Securities Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in the *January 14, 2025* Registered Direct Offering, two accompanying Series H Warrants were issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Series H Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share and will expire on *January 15, 2027.*

 *January 16, 2025* Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement*

On *January 16, 2025,* the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "***January 16, 2025* Securities Purchase Agreement**") with certain institutional and accredited investors in connection with a registered direct public offering (the "***January 16, 2025* Registered Direct Offering**") and concurrent private placement (the "***January 16, 2025* Private Placement**" and, together with the *January 16, 2025* Registered Direct Offering, the "***January 16, 2025* Offerings**" and the *January 16, 2025* Offerings, together with the *January 13, 2025* Offerings and the *January 14, 2025* Offerings, the "***January 2025* Offerings**"). The *January 16, 2025* Offerings closed on *January 17, 2025.* In addition, the Company issued warrants to the Placement Agent to purchase a total of 45,750 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.75 per share The net proceeds to the Company from the *January 16, 2025* Registered Direct Offering and the *January 16, 2025* Private Placement were approximately $1.6 million, after deducting fees and estimated offering expenses.

Pursuant to the *January 16, 2025* Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company offered and sold in the *January 16, 2025* Registered Direct Offering 610,000 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $3.00 per share. In the *January 16, 2025* Private Placement, the Company also issued to such institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 1,220,000 shares of Common Stock (the "**Series I Warrants**"). Under the terms of the *January 16, 2025* Securities Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in the *January 16, 2025* Registered Direct Offering, two accompanying Series I Warrants were issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Series I Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share and will expire on *January 19, 2027.*

 *July 2025* Financing*

On *July 25, 2025,* the Company entered into inducement letter agreements (the "***July 2025* Inducement Letter Agreements**") with certain holders of certain of the Company's existing warrants to purchase an aggregate of 928,596 shares of the Company's common stock. Pursuant to the *July 2025* Inducement Letter Agreements, the existing warrants were originally issued in *December 2024* and *January 2025,* having exercise prices between $2.00 and $3.00 per share. Warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at the existing exercise price of $2.00 per share were exercised at their existing exercise price of $2.00 per share, and warrants to purchase 828,596 shares of common stock were exercised at a reduced exercise price of $2.485 per share. In consideration for the immediate exercise of such warrants for cash and the payment of an additional $0.125 per New Warrant (as defined below), or an aggregate of $232,149 for all New Warrants, the Company agreed to issue new unregistered five-year term Series J warrants (the "**Series J Warrants**") to purchase an aggregate of up to 318,596 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.485 and new unregistered 24-month term Series K warrants (the "**Series K Warrants**" and, together with the Series J Warrants, the "**New Warrants**") to purchase an aggregate of up to 1,538,596 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.485 (the "***July 2025* Financing**").

In addition, the Company issued warrants to the placement agent, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, to purchase up to 69,645 shares of common stock (the "**Placement Agent Warrants**"). 7,500 of the Placement Agent Warrants issued have an exercise price of $2.8125 per share of Common Stock and a term of five years, 16,395 of the Placement Agent Warrants issued have an exercise price of $3.4188 per share of Common Stock and a term of five years, and 45,750 of the Placement Agent Warrants issued have an exercise price of $3.4188 per share of Common Stock and a term of twenty-four months. The net proceeds to the Company from the *July 2025* Financing were approximately $2.1 million, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses.

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***Warrants***

The Company *first* assesses warrants that are issued by the Company under the FASB ASC Topic *480,* "*Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity*" ("**ASC *480***") to determine whether the warrants are within the scope of ASC *480.* If there are *no* instances outside of the Company's control that could require cash settlement, the Company then applies and follows the applicable accounting guidance in the FASB ASC Topic *815,* "*Derivatives and Hedging*" ("**ASC *815***"). Financial instruments are accounted for as either derivative liabilities or equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the agreement. Based on the assessment of the warrants issued by the Company under the guidance in ASC *480* and ASC *815,* the warrants issued by the Company have been classified within stockholder's equity.

During the *three* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024*, there were 928,596 and 448,292 warrants exercised, respectively. During the *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024*, there were 1,486,028 and 540,112 warrants exercised, respectively.

During the *three* and *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025*, there were no abeyance shares released and issued. During the *three* months ended *September 30, 2024*, 231,758 of the *July 2024* Abeyance Shares were released and issued and during the *nine* months ended *September 30, 2024,* all of the shares held in abeyance in connection with the Company's *December 2023* financing transaction were released and issued, and 231,758 of the *July 2024* Abeyance Shares were released and issued.

The following table summarizes the Company's outstanding warrants, all of which are classified as equity instruments, at *September 30, 2025*:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  |  | **Weighted-** |  | **Weighted-** |
|  |  | **Average** |  | **Average** |
|  | ***Number*** | ***Exercise Price*** | ***Number*** | ***Exercise Price*** |
|  | ***of Shares*** | ***Per Share*** | ***of Shares*** | ***Per Share*** |
| Outstanding at January 1, | 1925867 | $12.66 | 703530 | $35.99 |
| Issued | 7170679 | 2.91 | 1131468 | 5.50 |
| Exercised | (1486028) | 3.73 | (540112) | 6.56 |
| Expired | (10186) | 482.89 |  |  |
| Outstanding at September 30, | 7600332 | $4.57 | 1294886 | $21.62 |

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***6.* Stock-based Compensation**

*Restricted Stock Units*

Restricted stock units ("**RSUs**") are issued under the Company's *2020* Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "***2020* Plan**"). RSUs are generally subject to the satisfaction of certain service requirements. RSUs granted by the Company to employees generally cliff vest 1 year after the grant date. Upon vesting, each outstanding RSU will be settled for *one* share of the Company's common stock. Employee RSU recipients *may* elect to net share settle upon vesting, in which case the Company pays the employee's withholding taxes due upon vesting and withholds a number of shares of equal value. The Company does *not* expect to repurchase shares to satisfy RSU vests. The fair value of the RSUs awarded is based upon the Company's closing stock price at the grant date and is expensed over the requisite service period.

The following table summarizes the activity of the Company's RSUs for the *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025*:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | ***Weighted-*** |
|  |  | ***Average*** |
|  |  | ***Grant Date*** |
|  | ***Number*** | ***Fair Value*** |
|  | ***of Shares*** | ***Per Share*** |
| Unvested units at December 31, 2024 | 71000 | $2.77 |
| Granted | 512800 | 2.32 |
| Vested | (71000) | 2.77 |
| Forfeited |  |  |
| Unvested units at September 30, 2025 | 512800 | $2.32 |

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There were 512,800 RSUs granted during the *three* and *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025* and 71,000 RSUs granted during the *three* and *nine* months ended *September 30, 2024*.

Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $113,000 and $52,000 for the *three* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $207,000 and $99,000 for the *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024*, respectively.

The aggregate fair value of awards that vested during the *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025* was $164,000, which represents the market value of the Company's common stock on the date that the RSU vested. The aggregate fair value of awards that vested during the *nine* months ended *September 30, 2024* was $21,000, which represents the market value of the Company's common stock on the date that the RSUs vested.

*Stock Options*

Stock options are available for issuance under the *2020* Plan. Stock options granted by the Company to participants generally vest annually over 4 years after the grant date and generally vest over 1 year after the grant date for members of the Board of Directors and expire within ten years of grant.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of all its option grants. The risk-free interest rate used for each grant was based upon the yield on *zero*-coupon U.S. Treasury securities with a term similar to the expected life of the related option. The Company's expected stock price volatility assumption is based upon the Company's own implied volatility. As the Company has limited stock option exercise information, the expected life assumption used for option grants is based upon the simplified method provided for under the FASB ASC Topic *718,* "*Compensation* — *Stock Compensation*". The dividend yield assumption is based upon the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and presently has *no* intention of paying cash dividends.

The Company did not grant any stock options during the *three* or *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025* or *2024*.

The following table summarizes the activity of the Company's stock options for the *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025*:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | ***Weighted-*** |  |
|  |  | ***Average*** |  |
|  |  | ***Exercise*** | ***Aggregate*** |
|  | ***Number*** | ***Price*** | ***Intrinsic*** |
|  | ***of Shares*** | ***Per Share*** | ***Value*** |
| Balance at December 31, 2024 | 1126 | $1206.29 |  |
| Granted |  |  |  |
| Exercised |  |  |  |
| Forfeited |  |  |  |
| Expired | (5) | 133863.84 |  |
| Balance at September 30, 2025 | 1121 | $614.60 | $- |
| Exercisable at September 30, 2025 | 1121 | $614.60 | $- |

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Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options for the *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024* was $0 and $6,000, respectively. The Company did not have any stock-based compensation expense related to stock options for the *three* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024*.

*Compensation Expense Related to Equity Awards*

The following table sets forth total stock-based compensation expense for the *three* and *nine* months ended *September 30, 2025* and *2024*, in thousands:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Nine Months Ended*** | ***Nine Months Ended*** |
|  | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Research and development | $30 | $25 | $61 | $14 |
| General and administrative | 83 | 27 | 146 | 85 |
| Total stock-based compensation | $113 | $52 | $207 | $99 |

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As of *September 30, 2025*, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs was approximately $1,125,000. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.95 years.

***7.* Net Loss per Common Share**

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the Company's net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the impact of the dilutive effect of potential common stock equivalents, except when the inclusion of such potential common stock equivalents would be anti-dilutive. Dilutive potential common stock equivalents primarily consist of stock options, RSUs and warrants. Therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders were the same for all periods presented because the impact of these items is generally anti-dilutive during periods of net loss.

The following table sets forth the potential common shares excluded from the calculation of net loss per common share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Stock options | 1121 | 1133 |
| Unvested RSUs | 512800 | 71000 |
| Warrants | 7600332 | 1197886 |
| Total | 8114253 | 1270019 |

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***8.* Segment Information** 

The Company has one reportable segment and operates as a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company. To date, the Company has yet to generate operating revenues and does *not* expect to generate any revenue in the foreseeable future. The Company's chief operating decision maker (CODM) is the President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The accounting policies of the single segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The CODM assesses performance for the single segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net loss as reported on the condensed consolidated statements of operations as net loss. The CODM uses net loss to monitor budget versus actual results and to evaluate overall cash burn of the business. All of the Company's operations occur within the United States.

The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company's single operating segment (in thousands):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Three Months Ended*** | ***Nine Months Ended*** | ***Nine Months Ended*** |
|  | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** | ***September 30,*** |
|  | ***2025*** | ***2024*** | ***2025*** | ***2024*** |
| Research and development |  |  |  |  |
| PH-762 | $697 | $343 | $1740 | $1016 |
| PH-894 | 55 | 10 | 218 | 10 |
| Employee expense, lab supplies and overhead | 428 | 281 | 1183 | 1584 |
| Total research and development | 1181 | 644 | 3141 | 2658 |
| General and administrative | 1324 | 946 | 3545 | 3055 |
| Total operating expenses | $(2505) | $(1590) | $(6686) | $(5713) |
| Other income, net | 113 | 66 | 359 | 189 |
| Net loss | $(2392) | $(1524) | $(6327) | $(5524) |

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***9.* Subsequent Events**

On *November 3, 2025,* the Company entered into inducement letter agreements (the "***November 2025* Inducement Letter Agreements**") with certain holders of the Company's existing common stock warrants to exercise such warrants for an aggregate of 5,663,182 shares of the Company's common stock. These warrants were originally issued in *July 2024, December 2024, January 2025* and *July 2025,* having exercise prices between $2.00 and $5.45 per share. Warrants to purchase 60,000 shares of common stock were exercised at their existing exercise price of $2.00 per share, warrants to purchase 948,596 shares of common stock were exercised at their existing exercise price of $2.485 per share and warrants to purchase 4,654,586 shares of common stock were exercised at a reduced exercise price of $2.05 per share.

Pursuant to the *November 2025* Inducement Letter Agreements, in consideration for the exercise of such warrants for cash and the payment of an additional $0.125 per new unregistered warrant, or an aggregate of $1.4 million for all new warrants, the Company agreed to issue new unregistered twenty-four month warrants (the "**Series A Warrants**") to purchase an aggregate of up to 11,326,364 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.05 (the  ***"November 2025* Financing**")

The gross proceeds to the Company from the *November 2025* Financing are approximately $13.4 million, prior to deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses of an anticipated $1.3 million.

Pursuant to the terms of the *November 2025* Inducement Letter Agreements, in the event that the exercise of the existing warrants in the *November 2025* Financing would have otherwise caused a holder to exceed the beneficial ownership limitations set forth in the existing warrant, the Company issued the number of shares that would *not* cause a holder to exceed such beneficial ownership limitation and agreed to hold such balance of shares of common stock in abeyance. Accordingly, an aggregate of 1,302,822 shares of common stock were held in abeyance (the "***November 2025* Abeyance Shares**") with such *November 2025* Abeyance Shares evidenced through the holder's existing warrants and which are deemed to be prepaid. The *November 2025* Abeyance Shares will be held until notice is received by the holder that the balance of the shares of common stock *may* be issued in compliance with such beneficial ownership limitations and *may* be exercised pursuant to a notice of exercise from the holder. Until such time, the *November 2025* Abeyance Shares are evidenced through the holder's existing warrants. Subsequent to the balance sheet date and through the date of the filing with the SEC of this Quarterly Report on Form *10*-Q, 800,000 of the *November 2025* Abeyance Shares were released.

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 2.** | **MANAGEMENT**'**S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS**  |

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*In this report,* "*we,*" "*our,*" "*ours,*" "*us,*" "*Phio*" *and the* "*Company*" *refers to Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. and our subsidiary, MirImmune, LLC and the ongoing business operations of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. and MirImmune, LLC, whether conducted through Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. or MirImmune, LLC.* 

*This management*'*s discussion and analysis of financial condition as of September 30, 2025 and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the* "***SEC***"*) on March 31, 2025 (the* "***2024 Form 10-K***"*).*

*This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as* "*intends,*" "*believes,*" "*anticipates,*" "*indicates,*" "*plans,*" "*expects,*" "*suggests,*" "*may,*" "*would,*" "*should,*" "*potential,*" "*designed to,*" "*will,*" "*ongoing,*" "*estimate,*" "*forecast,*" "*target,*" "*predict,*" "*could*" *and similar references, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. These statements are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of important factors, including, but not limited to:*

● *we are dependent on the success of our INTASYL*™ *technology, and our product candidates based on this technology, which is unproven and may never lead to approved and marketable products;*

● *our product candidates are in an early stage of development and we may fail, experience significant delays, never advance in clinical development or not be successful in our efforts to identify or discover additional product candidates, which may materially and adversely impact our business;*

● *disruptions at the FDA, including due to a reduction in the FDA*'*s workforce and/or inadequate funding for the FDA, could prevent the FDA from performing normal functions on which our business relies, which could negatively impact our business;*

● *the impact of the government shutdown on our business operation;*

● *if we experience delays or difficulties in identifying and enrolling subjects in clinical trials, it may lead to delays in generating clinical data and the receipt of necessary regulatory approvals;*

● *topline data may not accurately reflect or may materially differ from the complete results of a clinical trial;*

● *we rely upon third parties for the manufacture of the clinical supply for our product candidates;*

● *our business and operations would suffer in the event of computer system failures, cyberattacks or a deficiency in our cybersecurity;*

● *we are dependent on the patents we own and the technologies we license, and if we fail to maintain our patents or lose the right to license such technologies, our ability to develop new products would be harmed;*

● *we will require substantial additional funds to complete our research and development activities;*

● *future financing may be obtained through, and future development efforts may be paid for by, the issuance of debt or equity, which may have an adverse effect on our stockholders or may otherwise adversely affect our business;*

● *changes in U.S. and international trade policies may adversely impact our business and operating results;*

● *we may not be able to remain compliant with the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market; and*

● *the price of our Common Stock has been and may continue to be volatile.*

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*Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak as of the date hereof and the Company does not undertake to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect a change in its views or events or circumstances that occur after the date of this report except as required by law.*

**Overview** 

Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. ("**Phio**," "**we**," "**our**" or the "**Company**") is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company whose proprietary INTASYL® self-delivering small interfering RNAi (siRNA) technology is designed to make immune cells more effective in killing tumor cells. We are developing therapeutics that are designed to leverage INTASYL to precisely target specific proteins that reduce the body's ability to fight cancer, without the need for specialized formulations or drug delivery systems. We are committed to discovering and developing innovative cancer treatments for patients by creating new pathways toward a cancer-free future.

In 2023, the Company implemented a cost rationalization program driven by its transition from discovery research to product development. This resulted in a decision not to renew the lease for office and laboratory space in Marlborough, Massachusetts, which expired on March 31, 2024. Beginning in April 2024, we have continued operations as a remote business with a laboratory facility in Worcester, Massachusetts. Beginning in January 2024, we rationalized discovery research personnel resulting in an overall headcount reduction by greater than 50%. Expense reductions have been redirected to funding the Phase 1b clinical trial with PH-762.

**PH-762**

PH-762 is an INTASYL compound designed to reduce the expression of cell death protein 1 ("**PD-1**"). PD-1 is a protein that inhibits T cells' ability to kill cancer cells and is a clinically validated target in immunotherapy. Decreasing the expression of PD-1 can thereby increase the capacity of T cells, which protect the body from cancer cells and infections, to kill cancer cells.

Our preclinical studies have demonstrated that direct-to-tumor application of PH-762 resulted in potent anti-tumoral effects and have shown that direct-to-tumor treatment with PH-762 inhibits tumor growth in a dose dependent fashion in PD-1 responsive and refractory models. Importantly, direct-to-tumor administration of PH-762 resulted in activity against distant untreated tumors, indicative of a systemic anti-tumor response. We believe these data further support the potential for PH-762 to provide a strong local immune response without the dose immune-related adverse effects seen with systemic antibody therapy.

Phio's ongoing Phase 1b dose escalation clinical trial (NCT 06014086) is designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of neoadjuvant use of intratumoral PH-762 in Stages 1, 2 and 4 cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), Stage 4 melanoma, and Stage 4 Merkel cell carcinoma. Per the trial's protocol, patients receive four injections of PH-762 at weekly intervals and pathologic response is assessed on day 36 after the initial injection of PH-762. To date, pathologic results for the fifth and final cohort are as follows: 100% tumor clearance in one of three patients, > 90% clearance in the second patient, and > 50% clearance in the third patient at Day 36.

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To date, a total of 18 patients with cutaneous carcinomas have completed treatment across five dose escalating cohorts in the Phase 1b trial. The cumulative pathologic response in 16 patients with cSCC include six with a complete response (100% clearance), two with a near complete response (> 90% clearance) and two with a partial response (> 50% clearance). A single patient with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma had a partial response (> 50% clearance). Six patients with cSCC and one patient with metastatic melanoma had a pathologic non-response (< 50% clearance). No patients in the study, however, exhibited clinical progression of disease.

To date, there were no dose-limiting toxicities or clinically relevant treatment-emergent adverse effects in the patients receiving intratumoral PH-762 in this trial. Moreover, PH-762 has been well tolerated in all enrolled patients in each escalating dose cohort. Phio may continue to screen and treat additional patients as part of the fifth cohort.

Due to INTASYL's ease of administration, we have shown that our compounds can easily be incorporated into current Adoptive Cell Therapy (ACT) manufacturing processes. In ACT, T cells are usually taken from a patient's own blood or tumor tissue, grown in large numbers in a laboratory, and then given back to the patient to help the immune system fight cancer. By treating T cells with our INTASYL compounds while they are being grown in the laboratory, we believe our INTASYL compounds can improve these immune cells to make them more effective in killing cancer. Preclinical data generated in collaboration with AgonOx, Inc. ("**AgonOx**"), a private company developing a pipeline of novel immunotherapy drugs targeting key regulators of the immune response to cancer, demonstrated that treating AgonOx's "double positive" tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ("**DP TIL**") with PH-762 increased their tumor killing activity by two-fold.

In February 2021, we entered into a clinical co-development collaboration agreement (the "**Clinical Co-Development Agreement**") with AgonOx to develop a T cell-based therapy using PH-762 and AgonOx's DP TIL. Under the Clinical Co-Development Agreement, we had agreed to reimburse AgonOx up to $4 million in expenses incurred to conduct a Phase 1 clinical trial of PH-762 treated DP TIL in patients with advanced melanoma and other advanced solid tumors. We were also eligible to receive certain future development milestones and low single-digit sales-based royalty payments from AgonOx's licensing of its DP TIL technology.

In May 2024, we terminated the Clinical Co-Development Agreement with AgonOx, effective immediately. Effective as of the date of termination, the Clinical Co-Development Agreement and our and AgonOx's continuing obligations thereunder were terminated in their entirety. We are no longer required to provide financial support for the development costs incurred in the Clinical Co-Development Agreement and we are no longer entitled to future development milestones or royalty payments from AgonOx's licensing of its DP TIL technology. We paid to AgonOx all payment obligations that accrued prior to the termination of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement, each of the Company and AgonOx were responsible for its own costs and expenses incurred in connection with the wind-down of the Phase 1 clinical trial. We made the remaining payment of $34,320, which primarily related to accrued obligations for patient fees and other miscellaneous costs as of the date of termination to AgonOx on March 21, 2025. This settled all future obligations to AgonOx.

Prior to the termination of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement with AgonOx, PH-762 treated DP TIL were being evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical trial in the U.S. with up to 18 patients with advanced melanoma and other advanced solid tumors by AgonOx. The primary trial objectives were to evaluate the safety and to study the potential for enhanced therapeutic benefit from the administration of PH-762 treated DP TIL. AgonOx had enrolled three patients. The first two patients were treated with DP TIL only and a third patient was treated with a combination of DP TIL and PH-762. Clinical results for the single patient who received a combination of DP TIL and PH-762 showed tumor size reductions of 65%, 100% and 81%, respectively, in three melanoma lesions.

In July 2025, we entered into a comprehensive drug substance development services agreement with a U.S. manufacturing company pursuant to which the manufacturer will provide analytical and process development and cGMP manufacture of clinical supplies for Phio's lead development compound, PH-762.

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**PH-894**

PH-894 is an INTASYL compound that is designed to silence BRD4, a protein that controls gene expression in both T cells and tumor cells, thereby affecting the immune system as well as the tumor. Intracellular and/or commonly considered "undruggable" targets, such as BRD4, represent a challenge for small molecule and antibody therapies. Therefore, what sets this compound apart is its dual mechanism: PH-894 suppression of BRD4 in T cells results in T cell activation, and suppression of BRD4 in tumor cells results in tumors becoming more sensitive to being killed by T cells.

Preclinical studies conducted have demonstrated that PH-894 resulted in a strong, concentration dependent and durable silencing of BRD4 in T cells and in various cancer cells. Similar to PH-762, preclinical studies have also shown that direct-to-tumor application of PH-894 resulted in potent and statistically significant anti-tumoral effects against distant untreated tumors, indicative of a systemic anti-tumor response. These preclinical data indicate that PH-894 can reprogram T cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment to provide enhanced immunotherapeutic activity. We have completed the IND-enabling studies and are in the process of finalizing the study reports required for an IND submission with PH-894. As a result of the reprioritization to advance our clinical trial with PH-762 in the U.S., we have elected to defer the IND submission for PH-894.

**Patents and Patent Applications**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We actively protect our intellectual property and are prosecuting a number of patents and pending patent applications covering our compounds and technologies. We continue to rationalize our intellectual property position to protect our lead clinical candidates in key geographic regions while abandoning patents or applications that do not pertain to INTASYL or are country-specific in regions that are not of strategic geographic focus. A combined summary of these patents and patent applications is set forth below in the following table:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Pending<br>Applications | Issued<br>Patents |
| United States | 9 | 27 |
| Canada | 2 | 2 |
| Europe | 5 | 18 |
| Japan | 4 | 8 |
| Other Markets | 3 | 4 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Our portfolio includes 59 issued patents, 53 of which cover our INTASYL platform, and of those 29 cover immuno-oncology compounds and therapeutic uses. There are 19 patent families broadly covering both the composition and methods of use of our self-delivering INTASYL platform technology and uses of our INTASYL compounds targeting immune checkpoint, cellular differentiation and metabolism targets for *ex vivo* cell-based cancer immunotherapies. The INTASYL platform patents are scheduled to expire between 2029 and 2038.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Furthermore, there are 23 patent applications, encompassing what we believe to be important new RNAi compounds and their use as therapeutics, chemical modifications of RNAi compounds that improve the compounds' suitability for therapeutic uses (including delivery) and compounds directed to specific targets (*i.e.*, that address specific disease states). The patents that may issue from these pending patent applications will, if issued, be set to expire between 2029 and 2044, not including any patent term extensions that may be afforded under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ("**FFDCA**") (and the equivalent provisions in foreign jurisdictions) for any delays incurred during the regulatory approval process relating to human drug products (or processes for making or using human drug products).

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**Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate and base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions and could have a material impact on our reported results.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to those disclosed in our 2024 Form 10-K. For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to "*Management*'*s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates*" in Part II, Item 7 of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

**Results of Operations**

The following data summarizes the results of our operations for the periods indicated, in thousands:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** |  | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |  |
|  |  |  | **Dollar** |  |  | **Dollar** |
| **Description** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** |
| Operating expenses | $2505 | $1590 | $915 | $6686 | $5713 | $973 |
| Operating loss | $(2505) | $(1590) | $(915) | $(6686) | $(5713) | $(973) |
| Net loss | $(2392) | $(1524) | $(869) | $(6327) | $(5524) | $(803) |

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**Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024**

***Operating Expenses***

The following table summarizes our total operating expenses, for the periods indicated, in thousands:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** |  | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |  |
|  |  |  | **Dollar** |  |  | **Dollar** |
| **Description** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** |
| Research and development | $1181 | $644 | $537 | $3141 | $2658 | $483 |
| General and administrative | 1324 | 946 | 378 | 3545 | 3055 | 490 |
| Total operating expenses | $2505 | $1590 | $915 | $6686 | $5713 | $973 |

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**Research and Development Expenses**

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, including salaries, benefits and RSU stock compensation expense for research and development personnel, contract research organization (CRO) clinical trial costs, technology licenses and other expenses associated with preclinical and clinical development activities. Our research and development programs are focused on the development of immuno-oncology therapeutics based on our INTASYL technology. Since we commenced operations, research and development expenses have been a significant portion of our total operating expenses and are expected to constitute the majority of our spending for the foreseeable future.

Research and development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased 83% or $500 thousand as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2024. This increase in research and development expenses was primarily driven by a $400 thousand increase in clinical trial costs, chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) costs in connection with advancing our PH-762 program and a $100 thousand increase in R&D employee personnel related costs.

Research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 also increased by 18% or $500 thousand as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was due to higher $300 thousand increase in R&D clinical and CMC costs in connection with advancing our PH-762 program and $200 thousand increase in R&D employee personnel expenses.

**General and Administrative Expenses**

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, including salaries, benefits and RSU stock compensation expense for general and administrative personnel, professional fees for legal, audit, tax consulting services, as well as other general corporate expenses.

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased 40% or $400 thousand as compared with the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by a $200 thousand increase in outsourced professional services related to accounting and legal and $77 thousand increase related to an increase in RSU compensation expense..

General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by 16% or $500 thousand as compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This year-to-date increase in general and administrative expenses relates to $300 thousand increase in outsourced professional fees and $200 thousand additional employee personnel costs including accrued bonus and RSU compensation expense.

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

Historically, we have primarily funded our operations through the sale of our securities. In the future, we expect to depend on external funding from third parties, such as proceeds from the sale of equity, debt financings or potential strategic opportunities, to support our operations. Since our inception we have incurred operating losses and expect that we will continue to have negative cash flows from our operations and for the foreseeable future. As of September 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $10,705,000 as compared with $5,382,000 at December 31, 2024.

The gross proceeds to the Company from the November 2025 Financing are approximately $13.4 million, prior to deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses of an anticipated $1.3 million. The Company expects to raise approximately $12.1 million of which $11.5 million has been received by the Company, with the remainder expected by November 18, 2025.

Based on current cash flow projections, the Company believes it has sufficient cash and cash equivalents, including net proceeds from the November 2025 Financing, to meet our current planned obligations for at least 12 months from the date these financial statements are issued. We have limited cash resources, have incurred recurring operating losses and negative cash flows from our operations since our inception and have not yet recognized any product revenues. These factors have previously raised doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. With the November 2025 Financing, combined with the net proceeds from the January 2025 and July 2025 Offerings, we were able to alleviate such doubt as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated, in thousands:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
|  | **September 30,** | **September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net cash used in operating activities | $(5900) | $(5741) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (12) |  |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 11235 | 2641 |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $5323 | $(3100) |

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***Net Cash Used in Operating Activities***

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $159 thousand as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

***Net Cash Used in Investing Activities***

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was approximately $12 thousand as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 where net cash used in investing activities was $0. The increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to computer equipment purchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

***Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities***

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $11.2 million as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 where net cash provided by financing activities was $2.6 million. The increase in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to the issuance of common stock and warrants, and the exercise of warrants, both as described in Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

**Contractual Obligations**

There have been no material changes to the contractual obligations as disclosed in our 2024 Form 10-K. For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to "*Management*'*s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Contractual Obligations*" in Part II, Item 7 of our 2024 Form 10-K.

**Future Funding Requirements**

At September 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $10.7 million, which includes aggregate net proceeds of approximately $6.7 million and $2.1 million after deducting fees and estimated offering expenses, from our January 2025 and July 2025 Financings, respectively. As described in our subsequent event disclosure, we expect to receive $12.1 million from our November 2025 Financing, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses. We expect that our cash and cash equivalents will enable us to fund our current operating plan for at least 12 months from the date these financial statements are issued. Due to the difficulty and uncertainty associated with the design and implementation of preclinical studies and clinical trials, we will continue to assess our cash and cash equivalents and future funding requirements. However, there is no assurance that additional funding will be achieved and that we will succeed in our future operations. We expect to continue to incur substantial additional operating losses for at least the next several years as we continue to develop our product candidates and seek marketing approval and, subject to obtaining such approval, the eventual commercialization of our product candidates. If we obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates, we will incur significant sales, marketing and manufacturing expenses. We also expect to continue to incur significant costs to comply with corporate governance, internal controls and similar requirements associated with operating as a public reporting company.

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Actual cash requirements could differ from management's projections due to many factors including additional investments in research and development programs such as PH-894, clinical trial expenses for PH-762, competing technological and market developments, general and administrative expenses, and the costs of any strategic acquisitions and/or development of complementary business opportunities. The amount of additional capital we will require will be influenced by many factors, including, but not limited to:

● the scope, progress, results, and costs of clinical trials of PH-762;

● our expectations regarding the timing and clinical development of PH-762;

● whether and to what extent we internally fund, whether and when we initiate, and how we conduct additional pipeline product development programs, including PH-894;

● whether and when we are able to enter into strategic arrangements for our product candidates and the nature of those arrangements;

● the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending, and enforcing any patent claims;

● changes in our operating plan, resulting in increases or decreases in our need for capital;

● disruptions at the FDA, including due to a reduction in the FDA's workforce and/or inadequate funding for the FDA;

● the impact of the government shutdown on our business operations;

● U.S. and international trade policies; and

● our views on the availability, timing, and desirability of raising capital.

We expect to seek additional funding to sustain our future operations and while we have successfully raised capital in the past, the ability to raise capital in future periods is not assured. We do not know if additional capital will be available when needed or on terms favorable to us or our stockholders. Collaboration, licensing or other agreements may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. If we seek to sell our equity securities, we do not know whether and to what extent we will be able to do so, or on what terms. If available, additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders, debt financing may involve restrictive covenants or other unfavorable terms and dilute our existing stockholders' equity, and funding through collaboration, licensing or other commercial agreements may be on unfavorable terms, including requiring us to relinquish rights to certain of our technologies or products. If adequate financing is not available if and when needed, we may delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate research or development programs, if any, postpone or cancel the pursuit of product candidates, or otherwise significantly curtail our operations to reduce our cash requirements and extend our capital.

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| **ITEM 3.** | **QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK** |

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As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide this information.

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 4.** | **CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES**  |

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**Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "**Exchange Act**")) as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information that we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. We believe that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report, management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of such date.

**Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting**

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ending September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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**PART II** — **OTHER INFORMATION**

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 1.** | **LEGAL PROCEEDINGS**  |

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From time to time, we may become a party to various legal proceedings and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any actual or threatened material legal proceedings of which we are aware.

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 1A.** | **RISK FACTORS**  |

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Other than set forth below, there have been no material changes in our risk factors set forth in "*Risk Factors in Part I*, "*Item 1A*". in our 2024 Form 10-K. The risk factor described therein and set forth below could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including these risks. Additional risks not currently known or currently material to us may also harm our business.

***We may not be able to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market.***

To maintain continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements.

Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires a minimum bid price of at least $1.00 per share, and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. Although the Company is currently in compliance with this requirement, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance. We have in the past effected reverse stock splits of our Common Stock in order to regain or maintain compliance with this requirement (most recently on July 5, 2024).

Such a delisting would have an adverse effect on the market liquidity of our securities, decrease the market price of our securities, result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers and employees and fewer business development opportunities, and adversely affect our ability to obtain financing for the continuation of our operations. We actively monitor our minimum bid price and will consider any and all options available to us to maintain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).

***Changes in U.S. and international trade policies may adversely impact our business and operating results.***

From time to time, proposals are made to significantly change existing trade agreements and relationships between the U.S. and other countries. In recent years, the U.S. government has implemented substantial changes to U.S. trade policies, including import restrictions, increased import tariffs and changes in U.S. participation in multilateral trade agreements. Because some of our vendors, manufactures and suppliers are located in foreign countries, we are exposed to the possibility of product supply disruption and increased costs in the event of changes in the policies, laws, rules and regulations of the United States or foreign governments, as well as political unrest or unstable economic conditions in foreign countries. The U.S. government has adopted a new approach to trade policy and, in some cases, entered into new trade agreements. Our supply may in the future be subject to increased import tariffs, which could increase our manufacturing costs and could make our products, if successfully developed and approved, less competitive than those of our competitors whose inputs are not subject to such tariffs. We may otherwise experience supply disruptions or delays, and our suppliers may not continue to provide us with clinical supply in our required quantities, to our required specifications and quality levels or at attractive prices. Such disruption could have adverse effects on the development of our product candidates and our business operations.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 26

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 2.** | **UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS**  |

---

No sales or issuances of unregistered securities occurred that have not previously been disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 3.** | **DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES**  |

---

None.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 4.** | **MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES**  |

---

Not applicable.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM *5.*** | **OTHER INFORMATION**  |

---

*Insider Trading Arrangements*

During the *three* months ended *September 30, 2025*, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a Rule *10b5*-*1* trading arrangement or non-Rule *10b5*-*1* trading arrangement, as each term is defined in Item *408*(a) of Regulation S-K.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 27

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 6.** | **EXHIBITS**  |

---

**EXHIBIT INDEX** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br> **Number** | **Description** | **Date** |
| 3.1 | [<u>Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316818003505/phio_ex0302.htm) | November 19, 2018 |
| 3.2 | [<u>Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316820000141/phio_ex0301.htm) | January 14, 2020 |
| 3.3 | [<u>Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316823000307/phio_ex0301.htm) | January 25, 2023 |
| 3.4 | [<u>Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824004619/phio_ex0301.htm) | July 2, 2024 |
| 3.5 | [<u>Certificate of Designation of Series D Preferred Stock, dated November 16, 2022.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316822007821/phio_ex0301.htm) | November 16, 2022 |
| 3.6 | [<u>Amended and Restated Bylaws of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316820003428/phio_ex0301.htm) | May 2, 2022 |
| 4.1 | [<u>Form of Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316818002882/rxi_s1aa2-0405.htm) | September 28, 2018 |
| 4.2 | [<u>Form of Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316820001071/phio_ex0401.htm) | April 2, 2020 |
| 4.3 | [<u>Form of Common Stock Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316821000249/phio_ex0401.htm) | January 25, 2021 |
| 4.4 | [<u>Form of Placement Agent Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316821000600/phio_ex0401.htm) | February 17, 2021 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 28

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| 4.5 | [<u>Form of Placement Agent Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316823008732/phio_ex0402.htm) | December 8, 2023 |
| 4.6 | [<u>Form of Series C/D Warrant</u>.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824004800/phio_ex0401.htm) | July 12, 2024 |
| 4.7 | [<u>Form of Placement Agent Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824004800/phio_ex0402.htm) | July 12, 2024 |
| 4.8 | [<u>Form of Placement Agent Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824008884/phio_ex0402.htm) | December 20, 2024 |
| 4.9 | [<u>Form of Placement Agent Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824008984/phio_ex0402.htm) | December 26, 2024 |
| 4.10 | [<u>Form of Placement Agent Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825000347/phio_ex0402.htm) | January 14, 2025 |
| 4.11 | [<u>Form of Placement Agent Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825000384/phio_ex0402.htm) | January 15, 2025 |
| 4.12 | [<u>Form of Placement Agent Warrant.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825000426/phio_ex0402.htm) | January 17, 2025 |
| 4.13 | [Form of Series J/K Warrant](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825005523/phio_ex0401.htm) | July 30, 2025 |
| 4.14 | [Form of Placement Agent Warrant](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825005523/phio_ex0402.htm) | July 30, 2025 |
| 4.15<br>| [Form of Series A Warrant](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001533040/000143774925033600/ex_882927.htm) | November 6, 2025 |
| 4.16 | [Form of Placement Agent Warrant\*](ex_887692.htm) |  |
| 10.1# | [Form of Inducement Letter Agreement dated November 3, 2025, by and between Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. and the Holders\*](ex_887705.htm) |  |
| 10.2# | [<u>Separation Agreement and General Release of Claims, dated August 11, 2025, by and between the Company and Robert Infarinato.</u>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825006174/phio_ex1003.htm) | August 14, 2025 |
| 31.1 | [<u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer.</u>](ex_865604.htm)\* |  |
| 31.2 | [<u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer.</u>](ex_865605.htm)\* |  |
| 32.1 | [<u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 906 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer.</u>](ex_865606.htm)\*\* |  |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document.\* |  |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.\* |  |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.\* |  |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.\* |  |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.\* |  |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.\* |  |
| 104 | The cover page for this report, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).\* |  |

---

------

\* Filed herewith.

\*\* Furnished herewith and not deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section or incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

# Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 29

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**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized on November 13, 2025.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. | Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. |
| By: | /s/ Robert J. Bitterman |
|  | Robert J. Bitterman |
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer<br> (as Principal Executive Officer) |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| By: | /s/ Lisa Carson |
|  | Lisa Carson |
|  | Vice President, Finance & Administration<br> (as Principal Financial Officer) |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 30

## Exhibit 4.16

Exhibit 4.16

NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

**PLACEMENT AGENT COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT**

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

Warrant Shares: [____] Issue Date: November 4, 2025

Initial Exercise Date: November 4, 2025

THIS PLACEMENT AGENT COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the "<u>Warrant</u>") certifies that, for value received, ____________________________ or its assigns (the "<u>Holder</u>") is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the date set forth above (the "<u>Initial Exercise Date</u>") and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the twenty-four (24) month anniversary of the Effective Date (as defined in the Letter Agreement) (the "<u>Termination Date</u>") but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "<u>Company</u>"), up to _________________ shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the "<u>Warrant Shares</u>") of the Company's Common Stock. The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b). This Warrant is being issued pursuant to that certain Engagement Agreement between the Company and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, dated as of June 27, 2024, as amended on December 19, 2024, May 28, 2025, and October 23, 2025 (the "<u>Engagement Agreement</u>").

<u>Section 1</u>. <u>Definitions</u>. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:

<u>"Affiliate</u>" means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

<u>"Bid Price</u>" means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. ("<u>Bloomberg</u>") (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the OTCQB Venture Market ("<u>OTCQB</u>") or the OTCQX Best Market ("<u>OTCQX</u>") is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market ("<u>Pink Market</u>") operated by OTC Markets, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

<u>"Board of Directors</u>" means the board of directors of the Company.

<u>"Business Day</u>" means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to "stay at home", "shelter-in-place", "non-essential employee" or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York are generally open for use by customers on such day.

<u>"Commission</u>" means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

<u>"Common Stock</u>" means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.

<u>"Common Stock Equivalents</u>" means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.

<u>"Exchange Act</u>" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

<u>"Letter Agreement</u>" means that certain letter agreement between the initial Holder hereof and the Company, dated as of November 3, 2025, pursuant to which such initial Holder agreed to exercise one or more warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock and the Company agreed to issue to the initial Holder this Warrant.

<u>"Person</u>" means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.

<u>"Rule 144</u>" means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.

<u>"Securities Act</u>" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

<u>"Subsidiary</u>" means the subsidiaries of the Company set forth on <u>Exhibit 21.1</u> to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.

<u>"Trading Day</u>" means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.

<u>"Trading Market</u>" means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).

<u>"Transfer Agent</u>" means Computershare Trust Company, N.A., the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 150 Royall Street, Canton, MA 02021, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.

<u>"VWAP</u>" means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on the Pink Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

<u>"Warrants</u>" means this Warrant and other Common Stock purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Engagement Agreement.

<u>Section 2</u>. <u>Exercise</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) <u>Exercise of Warrant</u>. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the "<u>Notice of Exercise</u>"). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier's check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. **The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) <u>Exercise Price</u>. The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $____, subject to adjustment hereunder (the "<u>Exercise Price</u>").

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) <u>Cashless Exercise</u>. If at any time after 90 calendar days after the Issue Date, at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a "cashless exercise" in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of "regular trading hours" (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. ("<u>Bloomberg</u>") as of the time of the Holder's execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during "regular trading hours" on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of "regular trading hours" on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of "regular trading hours" on such Trading Day;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

<u>"Bid Price</u>" means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

<u>"VWAP</u>" means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked on to the holding period of this Warrant. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) <u>Mechanics of Exercise</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i. <u>Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</u>. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder's or its designee's balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system ("<u>DWAC</u>") if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), and otherwise by book-entry credit, registered in the Company's share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the "<u>Warrant Share Delivery Date</u>"); provided, that the Company shall not be obligated to deliver the Warrant Shares hereunder until the Company has received the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date. Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the third Trading Day after the Warrant Share Delivery Date) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, "<u>Standard Settlement Period</u>" means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company's primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii. <u>Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise</u>. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iii. <u>Rescission Rights</u>. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iv. <u>Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</u>. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder's brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a "<u>Buy-In</u>"), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder's total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder; provided, that, for purposes of clarity, under this Clause (B), the Holder shall not be entitled to both (i) require the reinstatement of the portion of the Warrant and the equivalent Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored, and (ii) receive the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued if the Company had timely complied with its delivery requirements hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder's right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company's failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;v. <u>No Fractional Shares or Scrip</u>. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vi. <u>Charges, Taxes and Expenses</u>. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vii. <u>Closing of Books</u>. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e) <u>Holder</u><u>'</u><u>s Exercise Limitations</u>. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder's Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder's Affiliates (such Persons, "<u>Attribution Parties</u>")), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder's determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. To ensure compliance with this restriction, each Holder shall be deemed to represent to the Company each time it delivers a Notice of Exercise that such Notice of Exercise has not violated the restrictions set forth in this paragraph, and the and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company's most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The "<u>Beneficial Ownership Limitation</u>" shall be 4.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61<sup>st</sup> day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.

<u>Section 3</u>. <u>Certain Adjustments</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) <u>Stock Dividends and Splits</u>. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) <u>Subsequent Rights Offerings</u>. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all of the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the "<u>Purchase Rights</u>"), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (<u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) <u>Pro Rata Distributions</u>. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a "<u>Distribution</u>"), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (<u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) <u>Fundamental Transaction</u>. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, (ii) the Company (and all of its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole), directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of greater than 50% of the outstanding Common Stock or greater than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires greater than 50% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or greater than 50% of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a "<u>Fundamental Transaction</u>"), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the "<u>Alternate Consideration</u>") receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder's option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company's control, including not approved by the Company's Board of Directors, Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. "<u>Black Scholes Value</u>" means the value of this Warrant based on the Black Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the "OV" function on Bloomberg determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365-day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the greater of (x) the last VWAP immediately prior to the public announcement of such contemplated Fundamental Transaction and (y) the last VWAP immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (E) a 365 day annualization factor, and (F) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within five (5) Trading Days of the Holder's election (or, if later, on the effective date of the Fundamental Transaction). The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the "<u>Successor Entity</u>") to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(d) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term "Company" under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant referring to the "Company" shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e) <u>Calculations</u>. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f) <u>Notice to Holder</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i. <u>Adjustment to Exercise Price</u>. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii. <u>Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder</u>. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

<u>Section 4</u>. <u>Transfer of Warrant</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) <u>Transferability</u>. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set forth in Section 4(d) hereof, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) <u>New Warrants</u>. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the Issue Date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) <u>Warrant Register</u>. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the "<u>Warrant Register</u>"), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) <u>Transfer Restrictions</u>. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, as the case may be, provides to the Company an opinion of counsel, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that the transfer of this Warrant does not require registration under the Securities Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e) <u>Representation by the Holder</u>. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.

<u>Section 5</u>. <u>Miscellaneous</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) <u>No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash</u>. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. Without limiting the rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a "cashless exercise," and to receive the cash payments contemplated pursuant to Sections 2(d)(i) and 2(d)(iv), in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) <u>Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</u>. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) <u>Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc</u>. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Trading Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Trading Day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) <u>Authorized Shares</u>.

Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e) <u>Governing Law</u>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys' fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f) <u>Restrictions</u>. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g) <u>Nonwaiver and Expenses</u>. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder's rights, powers or remedies, notwithstanding the fact that the right to exercise this Warrant terminates on the Termination Date. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable and documented attorneys' fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h) <u>Notices</u>. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 411 Swedeland Road, Suite 23-1080, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, Attention: Chief Executive Officer, email address: \*\*\*\*\*\*, or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i) <u>Limitation of Liability</u>. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j) <u>Remedies</u>. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;k) <u>Successors and Assigns</u>. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l) <u>Amendment</u>. Other than Section 2(e) above and this Section 5(l), which may not be amended, modified or waived, this Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m) <u>Severability</u>. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n) <u>Headings</u>. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

*(Signature Page Follows)*

------

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

---

| |
|:---|
| **PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**  |
| By:__________________________________________<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Name:<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Title: |

---

**NOTICE OF EXERCISE**

TO: **PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

[ ] in lawful money of the United States; or

[ ] if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

_______________________________

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) <u>Accredited Investor</u>. The undersigned is an "accredited investor" as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

Name of Investing Entity: ________________________________________________________________________

*Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity*: _________________________________________________

Name of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________________

Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________________

Date: ________________________________________________________________________________________

------

**EXHIBIT B**

ASSIGNMENT FORM

*(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase shares.)*

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Name: |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Please Print) |
| Address: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Phone Number:<br> Email Address: | (Please Print)<br> ______________________________________<br> ______________________________________ |
| Dated: _______________ __, ______ |  |
| Holder's Signature:<u> </u> |  |
| Holder's Address:<u> </u> |  |

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## Exhibit 10.1

Exhibit 10.1

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

November 3, 2025

Holder of Common Stock Purchase Warrants

Re: <u>Inducement Offer to Exercise Common Stock Purchase Warrants</u>

Dear Holder:

Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. (the "<u>Company</u>") is pleased to offer to you the opportunity to exercise, in cash, all of the warrants to purchase shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "<u>Common Stock</u>"), as set forth on <u>Annex A</u> attached hereto (the "<u>Existing Warrants</u>") and currently held by you (the "<u>Holder</u>"). The issuance of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Existing Warrants (the "<u>Warrant Shares</u>") has been registered for sale or resale on the registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-284381) and the registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-289621) (collectively, the "<u>Registration Statements</u>"), as applicable. The Registration Statements are currently effective and, upon exercise of the Existing Warrants pursuant to this letter agreement, will be effective for the resale of the Warrant Shares. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the New Warrants.

In consideration for exercising in full all of the Existing Warrants held by you and set forth on the Holder's signature page hereto (the "<u>Warrant Exercise</u>") at the reduced exercise price per Warrant Share of $2.05 (other than with respect to the Series F Warrants, which have an exercise price of $2.00 per share, and the Series J Warrants and Series K Warrants, which have an exercise price of $2.485 per share), and the payment by the Holder on the Closing Date (as defined herein) of $0.125 per New Warrant (the "<u>New Warrant Consideration</u>"), the Company hereby offers to issue you:

new unregistered Common Stock Series A purchase warrants (each a "<u>New Warrant</u>" and collectively the "<u>New Warrants</u>"), pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("<u>Securities Act</u>"), to purchase up to a number of shares (the "<u>New Warrant Shares</u>") of Common Stock equal to 200% of the number of Warrant Shares issued (i.e., two New Warrants) pursuant to each Warrant Exercise hereunder, which New Warrants shall be substantially in the form as set forth in <u>Exhibit A</u> hereto, will be exercisable at any time on or after the date of issuance and expire twenty-four (24) months from the Effective Date (as defined herein), and shall have an exercise price per share equal to $2.05, subject to adjustments as provided in the New Warrants.

The New Warrant certificate(s) will be delivered at Closing (as defined below). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in the event that any Warrant Exercise would otherwise cause the Holder to exceed the beneficial ownership limitations ("<u>Beneficial Ownership Limitation</u>") set forth in Section 2(e) of the Existing Warrants (or, if applicable and at the Holder's election, 9.99%), the Company shall only issue such number of Warrant Shares to the Holder that would not cause the Holder to exceed the maximum number of Warrant Shares permitted thereunder, as directed by the Holder, with the balance to be held in abeyance until notice from the Holder that the balance (or portion thereof) may be issued in compliance with such limitations, which abeyance shall be evidenced through the Existing Warrants which shall be deemed prepaid thereafter (including the payment in full of the exercise price), and exercised pursuant to a Notice of Exercise in the Existing Warrants (provided no additional exercise price shall be due and payable). The parties hereby agree that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation for purposes of the Existing Warrants is as set forth on the Holder's signature page hereto.

Expressly subject to the paragraph immediately following this paragraph below, Holder may accept this offer by signing this letter below, with such acceptance constituting Holder's exercise in full of the Existing Warrants for an aggregate exercise price set forth on the Holder's signature page hereto (the "<u>Warrants Exercise Price</u>") on or before 1:29 p.m., Eastern Time, on November 3, 2025 (the "<u>Execution Time</u>").

Additionally, the Company agrees to the representations, warranties and covenants set forth on <u>Annex A</u> attached hereto. Holder represents and warrants that, as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it exercises any New Warrants it will be, an "accredited investor" as defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act, and agrees that the New Warrants will contain restrictive legends when issued, and neither the New Warrants nor the New Warrant Shares will be registered under the Securities Act, except as provided in <u>Annex A</u> attached hereto. Also, Holder represents and warrants that it is acquiring the New Warrants as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of the New Warrants or the New Warrant Shares (this representation is not limiting Holder's right to sell the New Warrant Shares pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).

The Holder understands that the New Warrants and the New Warrant Shares are not, and may never be, registered under the Securities Act, or the securities laws of any state and, accordingly, each certificate, if any, representing such securities shall bear a legend substantially similar to the following:

"THIS SECURITY HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE "SECURITIES ACT"), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS."

Certificates evidencing the New Warrant Shares shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth above), (i) while a registration statement covering the resale of such New Warrant Shares is effective under the Securities Act, (ii) following any sale of such New Warrant Shares pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, (iii) if such New Warrant Shares are eligible for sale under Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the New Warrants), without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144 as to such New Warrant Shares and without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions, (iv) if such New Warrant Shares may be sold under Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the New Warrants) and the Company is then in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144 as to such New Warrant Shares, or (v) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "<u>Commission</u>") and the earliest of clauses (i) through (v), the "<u>Delegend Date</u>")). The Company shall cause its counsel to issue a legal opinion to the Transfer Agent promptly after the Delegend Date if required by the Company and/or the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the legend hereunder, or at the request of the Holder, which opinion shall be in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Holder. From and after the Delegend Date, such New Warrant Shares shall be issued free of all legends. The Company agrees that following the Delegend Date or at such time as such legend is no longer required under this Section, it will, no later than one (1) Trading Day following the delivery by the Holder to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing the New Warrant Shares issued with a restrictive legend (such first (1st) Trading Day, the "<u>Legend Removal Date</u>"), deliver or cause to be delivered to the Holder a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends or, at the request of the Holder shall credit the account of the Holder's prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed by the Holder.

In addition to the Holder's other available remedies, the Company shall pay to a Holder, in cash, (i) as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of New Warrant Shares (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date such New Warrant Shares are submitted to the Transfer Agent) delivered for removal of the restrictive legend, $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day five (5) Trading Days after such damages have begun to accrue) for each Trading Day after the Legend Removal Date until such certificate is delivered without a legend and (ii) if the Company fails to (a) issue and deliver (or cause to be delivered) to the Holder by the Legend Removal Date a certificate representing the New Warrant Shares so delivered to the Company by the Holder that is free from all restrictive and other legends and (b) if after the Legend Removal Date the Holder purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of all or any portion of the number of shares of Common Stock, or a sale of a number of shares of Common Stock equal to all or any portion of the number of shares of Common Stock that the Holder anticipated receiving from the Company without any restrictive legend, then, an amount equal to the excess of the Holder's total purchase price (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) (the "<u>Buy-In Price</u>") over the product of (A) such number of New Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder by the Legend Removal Date and for which the Holder was required to purchase shares to timely satisfy delivery requirements, multiplied by (B) the weighted average price at which the Holder sold that number of shares of Common Stock.

From the date hereof until the fifteen (15) days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall (A) issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or (B) file any registration statement or any amendment or supplement to any existing registration statement (other than the Resale Registration Statement referred to herein or prospectus supplements to the Registration Statements to reflect the transactions contemplated hereby).

If this offer is accepted and the transaction documents are executed by the Execution Time, then as promptly as possible following the Execution Time, but in any event no later than 1:30 p.m., Eastern Time, on the date hereof, the Company shall issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby and/or shall file a Current Report on Form 8-K with the Commission disclosing all material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder, including the filing with the Commission of this letter agreement as an exhibit thereto within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release or filing of such Current Report on Form 8-K, as applicable, the Company represents to you that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to you by the Company, or any of its respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release and/or filing of such Current Report on Form 8-K, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates on the one hand, and you and your Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate. The Company represents, warrants and covenants that, upon acceptance of this offer, the Warrant Shares shall be issued free of any legends or restrictions on resale by Holder.

No later than the first (1st) Trading Day following the date hereof (or the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date hereof if this letter agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) and before midnight (New York City time) on a Trading Day), the closing (the "<u>Closing</u>") shall occur at such location as the parties shall mutually agree. Unless otherwise directed by H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the "Placement Agent"), settlement of the Warrant Shares shall occur via "Delivery Versus Payment" ("<u>DVP</u>") (i.e., on the Closing Date (as defined below), the Company shall issue the Warrant Shares registered in the Holder's name and address provided to the Company in writing and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the account(s) at the Placement Agent identified by the Holder; upon receipt of such Warrant Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly electronically deliver such Warrant Shares to the Holder, and payment therefor shall concurrently be made to the Company by the Placement Agent (or its clearing firm) by wire transfer to the Company). The date of the Closing of the Warrant Exercise shall be referred to as the "<u>Closing Date</u>".

The Company acknowledges and agrees that the obligations of the Holder under this letter agreement are several and not joint with the obligations of any other holder or holders of Existing Warrants (each, an "<u>Other Holder</u>") under any other agreement related to the exercise of such warrants ("<u>Other Warrant Exercise Agreement</u>"), and the Holder shall not be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any Other Holder or under any such Other Warrant Exercise Agreement. Nothing contained in this letter agreement, and no action taken by the Holder pursuant hereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Holder and the Other Holders as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Holder and the Other Holders are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by this letter agreement and the Company acknowledges that the Holder and the Other Holders are not acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by this letter agreement or any Other Warrant Exercise Agreement. The Company and the Holder confirm that the Holder has independently participated in the Company's solicitation of, and the mutual negotiation of, the transactions contemplated hereby with the advice of its own counsel and advisors. The Holder shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this letter agreement, and it shall not be necessary for any Other Holder to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose.

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

Sincerely yours,

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

By: _______________________

Name:

Title:

Accepted and Agreed to:

Name of Holder: ________________________________________________________

*Signature of Authorized Signatory of Holder*: _________________________________

Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________

Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________

Number of Existing Warrants: __________________

Aggregate Warrant Exercise Price: _________________

Aggregate New Warrant Consideration: $_______ ($0.125 per New Warrant)

Existing Warrants Beneficial Ownership Blocker:  4.99% or  9.99%

New Series A Warrants: ___________

New Warrants Beneficial Ownership Blocker:  4.99% or  9.99%

DTC Instructions:

**<u>Annex A</u>**

<u>Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Company</u>. The Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to the Holder:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) <u>SEC Reports</u>. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein " <u>SEC Reports</u> "). As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) <u>Authorization; Enforcement</u>. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this letter agreement and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this letter agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, its board of directors or its stockholders in connection therewith. This letter agreement has been duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors' rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) <u>No Conflicts</u>. The execution, delivery and performance of this letter agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby do not and will not: (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company's certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents; or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any liens, claims, security interests, other encumbrances or defects upon any of the properties or assets of the Company in connection with, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any material agreement, credit facility, debt or other material instrument (evidencing Company debt or otherwise) or other material understanding to which such Company is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected; or (iii) conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected, except, in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse effect upon the business, prospects, properties, operations, condition (financial or otherwise) or results of operations of the Company, taken as a whole, or in its ability to perform its obligations under this letter agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) <u>Trading Market</u>. The transactions contemplated under this letter agreement comply with all the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Capital Market.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e) <u>Filings, Consents and Approvals</u>. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this letter agreement, other than: (i) the filings required pursuant to this letter agreement, (ii) application(s) or notice to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the New Warrants and New Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, and (iii) the filing of Form D with the Commission and such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f) <u>Listing of Common Stock</u>. The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the New Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the New Warrant Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the New Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the New Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company's reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g) <u>Form D; Blue Sky Filings</u>. If required, the Company agrees to timely file a Form D with respect to the New Warrants and New Warrant Shares as required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon request of any Holder. The Company shall take such action as the Company shall reasonably determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to qualify the New Warrants and New Warrant Shares for, sale to the Holder at Closing under applicable securities or "Blue Sky" laws of the states of the United States, and shall provide evidence of such actions promptly upon request of any Holder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h) <u>Registration Obligations</u>. The Company shall prepare and file with the Commission a registration statement relating to the resale of the New Warrant Shares by the holders of the New Warrants under the Securities Act on or before the 20<sup>th</sup> calendar day following the date hereof (the " <u>Filing Date</u> "), the Company shall file a registration statement on Form S-3 (or other appropriate form if the Company is not then S-3 eligible) providing for the resale of the New Warrant Shares by the holders of the New Warrants (the " <u>Resale Registration Statement</u> "). The Company shall use best efforts to cause the Resale Registration Statement to become effective within 50 calendar days following the date hereof (or, in the event of a "full review" by the Commission, the 80th calendar day following the date hereof hereof) (the " <u>Effective Date</u> ") and to keep the Resale Registration Statement effective at all times until no holder of the New Warrants owns any New Warrants or New Warrant Shares. In the event that the Resale Registration Statement is not (i) filed by the Filing Date or (ii) declared effective by the Commission by the Effective Date, then, in addition to any other rights the holders of New Warrants may have hereunder or under applicable law, on the Filing Date or the Effective Date (each such date being referred to herein as an " <u>Event Date</u> ") and on each monthly anniversary of such Event Date (if the Resale Registration Statement shall not have been filed or declared effective by the applicable Event Date) until the Resale Registration Statement is filed or declared effective, the Company shall pay to each holder of New Warrants an amount in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to the product of 1.0% multiplied by the aggregate exercise price of the New Warrants held by each holder of the New Warrants. If the Company fails to pay any partial liquidated damages pursuant to this Section in full within seven days after the date payable, the Company will pay interest thereon at a rate of 18% per annum (or such lesser maximum amount that is permitted to be paid by applicable law) to the holders of the New Warrants, accruing daily from the date such partial liquidated damages are due until such amounts, plus all such interest thereon, are paid in full. The partial liquidated damages pursuant to the terms hereof shall apply on a daily pro rata basis for any portion of a month prior to the Resale Registration Statement being filed or declared effective, as the case may be. If: (i) the Resale Registration Statement is not filed on or prior to its Filing Date, or (ii) the Company fails to file with the Commission a request for acceleration of a Registration Statement in accordance with Rule 461 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, within five Trading Days of the date that the Company is notified (orally or in writing, whichever is earlier) by the Commission that such Registration Statement will not be "reviewed" or will not be subject to further review, or (iii) prior to the effective date of a Registration Statement, the Company fails to file a pre-effective amendment and otherwise respond in writing to comments made by the Commission in respect of such Registration Statement within ten (10) calendar days after the receipt of comments by or notice from the Commission that such amendment is required in order for such Registration Statement to be declared effective, or (iv) a Registration Statement registering for resale all of the Registrable Securities is not declared effective by the Commission by the Effective Date of the Registration Statement (provided that, if the Registration Statement does not allow for the resale of Registrable Securities at prevailing market prices (i.e., only allows for fixed price sales), the Company shall have been deemed to have not satisfied this clause) or (v) after the effective date of a Registration Statement, such Registration Statement ceases for any reason to remain continuously effective as to all Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement, or the Holders are otherwise not permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell such Registrable Securities, for more than ten (10) consecutive calendar days or more than an aggregate of fifteen (15) calendar days (which need not be consecutive calendar days) during any 12-month period (any such failure or breach being referred to as an " <u>Event</u> ", and for purposes of clauses (i) and (iv), the date on which such Event occurs, and for purpose of clause (ii) the date on which such five (5) Trading Day period is exceeded, and for purpose of clause (iii) the date which such ten (10) calendar day period is exceeded, and for purpose of clause (v) the date on which such ten (10) or fifteen (15) calendar day period, as applicable, is exceeded being referred to as " <u>Event Date</u> "), then, in addition to any other rights the Holders may have hereunder or under applicable law, on each such Event Date and on each monthly anniversary of each such Event Date (if the applicable Event shall not have been cured by such date) until the applicable Event is cured, the Company shall pay to each Holder an amount in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to the product of 2.0% multiplied by the aggregate Subscription Amount paid by such Holder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. If the Company fails to pay any partial liquidated damages pursuant to this Section in full within seven days after the date payable, the Company will pay interest thereon at a rate of 18% per annum (or such lesser maximum amount that is permitted to be paid by applicable law) to the Holder, accruing daily from the date such partial liquidated damages are due until such amounts, plus all such interest thereon, are paid in full. The partial liquidated damages pursuant to the terms hereof shall apply on a daily pro rata basis for any portion of a month prior to the cure of an Event.

ANNEX A

EXISTING WARRANTS

<u> [HOLDER] </u> <u> [WARRANTS HELD] </u>

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1** 

**CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO** 

**SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)**

**AS ADOPTED** 

**PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Robert J. Bitterman, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting.

Dated: November 13, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Robert J. Bitterman |
| Robert J. Bitterman |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO** 

**SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)**

**AS ADOPTED** 

**PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Lisa Carson, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting.

Dated: November 13, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Lisa Carson |
| Lisa Carson |
| Vice President, Finance & Administration |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350**

**AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned officers of the Company certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to their knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

Dated: November 13, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Robert J. Bitterman |
| Robert J. Bitterman |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

Dated: November 13, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Lisa Carson |
| Lisa Carson |
| Vice President, Finance & Administration |
| (Principal Financial Officer) |

---