# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001687451
**File Stem:** 0001185185-26-000396
**Filing Date:** 2026-2
**Character Count:** 618943
**Document Hash:** cb3d54590c8ae411786dc3b8f1f60b0d
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001185185-26-000396.hdr.sgml**: 20260204

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001185185-26-000396

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 20-F

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 111

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250930

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260204

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260204

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** ZK International Group Co., Ltd.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001687451
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** MISCELLANEOUS FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS [3490]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 04 Manufacturing
- **EIN:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** D8
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 0930

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 20-F
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-38146
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26596247

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** NO. 678 DINGXIANG ROAD
- **STREET 2:** BINHAI INDUSTRIAL PARK
- **CITY:** WENZHOU
- **STATE:** F4
- **ZIP:** 325025
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 8657786852999

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** NOVASAGE CHAMBERS, PO BOX 4389
- **STREET 2:** ROAD TOWN
- **CITY:** TORTOLA
- **STATE:** D8
- **ZIP:** VG1110

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 20-F**

**(Mark One)**

☐ **REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OR 12(G) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**OR**

☒ **ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025**

**OR**

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**OR**

☐ **SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**Commission file number 001-38146**

**ZK INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD.**

**正康国际集团有限公司**

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

**British Virgin Islands**

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

**c/o Zhejiang Zhengkang Industrial Co., Ltd.**

**No. 678 Dingxiang Road, Binhai Industrial Park**

**Economic & Technology Development Zone**

**People's Republic of China**

(Address of principal executive offices)

**Di Chen, *Corporate Secretary***

**+86- 577 -86852999**

**zjzk@cn-zk.cn**

**c/o Zhejiang Zhengkang Industrial Co., Ltd.**

**No. 678 Dingxiang Road, Binhai Industrial Park**

**Economic & Technology Development Zone**

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange on which registered** |
| Ordinary shares, no par value per share | ZKIN | Nasdaq Capital Market |

---

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: **None**

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: **None**

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuers classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 6,612,308 ordinary shares as of September 30, 2025.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

☐ Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☒ No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

☐ Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☒ Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒ Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ <br> Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive- based compensation received by any of the registrants executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to 240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ☒ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued Other ☐ <br> by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐

If Other has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

☐ Item 17&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☐ Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).

☐ Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☒ No

**Table of Contents** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Page** |
| [**PART I**](#b_034) |  | 1 |
| [ITEM 1.](#b_001) | [IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS](#b_001) | 1 |
| [ITEM 2.](#b_002) | [OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE](#b_002) | 1 |
| [ITEM 3.](#b_003) | [KEY INFORMATION](#b_003) | 1 |
| [ITEM 4.](#b_004) | [INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY](#b_004) | 24 |
| [ITEM 4A.](#b_005) | [UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS](#b_005) | 46 |
| [ITEM 5.](#b_006) | [OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS](#b_006) | 46 |
| [ITEM 6.](#b_007) | [DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES](#b_007) | 59 |
| [ITEM 7.](#b_008) | [MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS](#b_008) | 65 |
| [ITEM 8.](#b_009) | [FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#b_009) | 66 |
| [ITEM 9.](#b_010) | [THE OFFER AND LISTING](#b_010) | 69 |
| [ITEM 10.](#b_011) | [ADDITIONAL INFORMATION](#b_011) | 78 |
| [ITEM 11.](#b_012) | [QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK](#b_012) | 78 |
| [ITEM 12.](#b_013) | [DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES](#b_013) | 79 |
| [**PART II**](#b_014) |  | 80 |
| [ITEM 13.](#b_015) | [DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES](#b_015) | 80 |
| [ITEM 14.](#b_016) | [MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS](#b_016) | 80 |
| [ITEM 15.](#b_017) | [CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES](#b_017) | 80 |
| [ITEM 16.](#b_018) | [\[RESERVED\]](#b_018) | 81 |
| [ITEM 16A.](#b_019) | [AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT](#b_019) | 81 |
| [ITEM 16B.](#b_020) | [CODE OF ETHICS](#b_020) | 81 |
| [ITEM 16C.](#b_021) | [PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES](#b_021) | 81 |
| [ITEM 16D.](#b_022) | [EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES](#b_022) | 82 |
| [ITEM 16E.](#b_023) | [PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS](#b_023) | 82 |
| [ITEM 16F.](#b_024) | [CHANGE IN REGISTRANTS CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT](#b_024) | 82 |
| [ITEM 16G.](#b_025) | [CORPORATE GOVERNANCE](#b_025) | 82 |
| [ITEM 16H.](#b_026) | [MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE](#b_026) | 83 |
| [ITEM 16I.](#b_027) | [DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTION THAT PREVENT INSPECTION](#b_027) | 83 |
| [ITEM 16J.](#b_028) | [INSIDER TRADING POLICIES](#b_028) | 83 |
| [ITEM 16K.](#b_029) | [CYBERSECURITY](#b_029) | 83 |
| [**PART III**](#b_030) |  | 84 |
| [ITEM 17.](#b_031) | [FINANCIAL STATEMENTS](#b_031) | 84 |
| [ITEM 18.](#b_032) | [FINANCIAL STATEMENTS](#b_032) | 84 |
| [ITEM 19.](#b_033) | [EXHIBITS](#b_033) | 84 |

---

i

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**Conventions Used in this Annual Report**

Except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this annual report on Form 20-F only, we, us, our company, Company, our and ZK refer to ZK International Group Co., Ltd., a British Virgin Islands company limited by ordinary shares (ZK International when individually referenced) and, in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial information, to ZK International and:

● Wenzhou Weijia Pipeline Development Co., Ltd. (also referred to as 温州维佳管道发展有限公司 in China), a PRC company (Wenzhou Weijia when individually referenced), which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ZK Pipe;

● Wenzhou Zhengfeng Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. (also referred to as 温州正丰工贸有限公司 in China), a PRC company (Wenzhou Zhengfeng when individually referenced), which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Zhejiang Zhengkang; and

● xSigma Corporation, a British Virgin Islands company limited by ordinary shares (xSigma Corporation when individually referenced), 51% of its equity interest is held by ZK International;

● xSigma Collectibles Limited, a British Virgin Islands company limited by ordinary shares (xSigma Collectibles when individually referenced), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ZK International;

● xSigma Entertainment Limited, a British Virgin Islands company limited by ordinary shares (xSigma Entertainment when individually referenced), a wholly-owned subsidiary of ZK International;

● xSigma Trading, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (xSigma Trading, LLC when individually referenced), a wholly-owned subsidiary of xSigma Corporation;

● ZK International Uganda Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Uganda (ZK Uganda when individually referenced), 80% of its equity interest is held by ZK International;

● ZK Pipe Industry Co., Ltd., a Hong Kong limited company (ZK Pipe when individually referenced), which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ZK International;

● Zhejiang Zhengkang Industrial Co., Ltd. (also referred to as 浙江正康实业股份有限公司 in China), a PRC company (Zhejiang Zhengkang when individually referenced), 99% of its equity interest is held by Wenzhou Weijia;

● Hongyun (Wenzhou) Global Trading Limited. (also referred to as 宏蕴（温州）国际贸易有限公司 in China), a PRC company (Hongyun when individually referenced), 100% of its equity interest is held by Wenzhou Weijia;

● Wenzhou Suona Piping Limited. (also referred to as 温州索纳管业有限公司 in China), a PRC company (Suona when individually referenced), 99% of its equity interest is held by Wenzhou Weijia;

**Investors are cautioned that you own interest in ZK International, the holding company established in the British Virgin Islands that does not have conduct material operations. ZK International conducts business through its subsidiaries, primarily based in China.**

This annual report contains translations of certain RMB amounts into U.S. dollar amounts at a specified rate solely for the convenience of the reader. All reference to U.S. dollars, USD, US$ or $ are to United States dollars. The exchange rates in effect as of September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were US $1.00 for RMB 7.1190, RMB 7.0176, and RMB 7.2960, respectively. The average exchange rates for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were US $1.00 for RMB 7.2125, RMB 7.2043, and RMB 7.0533, respectively. We use period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates for revenue and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred. Any discrepancies in any table between the amounts identified as total amounts and the sum of the amounts listed therein are due to rounding.

We obtained the industry and market data used in this annual report or any document incorporated by reference from industry publications, research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties and our own internal estimates based on our managements knowledge and experience in the markets in which we operate. We did not, directly or indirectly, sponsor or participate in the publication of such materials, and these materials are not incorporated in this annual report other than to the extent specifically cited in this annual report. We have sought to provide current information in this annual report and believe that the statistics provided in this annual report remain up-to-date and reliable, and these materials are not incorporated in this annual report other than to the extent specifically cited in this annual report.

ii

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**SPECIAL CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

Certain matters discussed in this report may constitute forward-looking statements for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The words expect, anticipate, intend, plan, believe, seek, estimate, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation, those discussed under Item 3 Key Information Risk Factors, Item 4 Information on the Company, Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects, and elsewhere in this report, as well as factors which may be identified from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) or in the documents where such forward-looking statements appear. All written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements.

Forward-looking statements contained in this report include, but are not limited to, statements about our ability to:

● Execute on our business strategy;

● Attract, train and retain effective officers, key employees and directors;

● Identify, evaluate and consummate strategic opportunities in ways that maximize stockholder value;

● Anticipate and react to regulatory changes and uncertainty

● Anticipate the impact of, and respond to applicable new accounting standards;

● Respond to fluctuations in commodity prices and foreign currency exchange rates and political unrest and regulatory changes in international markets from various events;

● Maintain our listing on the Nasdaq stock exchange; and/or Continue as a going concern.

Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether, or the times by which, our performance or results may be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and management's belief as of that time with respect to future events, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements contained in this report reflect our views and assumptions only as of the date this report is signed. Except as required by law, we assume no responsibility for updating any forward-looking statements.

iii

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**PART I**

**ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION**

**Implications of the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (HFCAA)**

On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCAA. An identified issuer will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies it as having a non-inspection year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. In June 2021, the Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, and on December 29, 2022, a legislation entitled Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (the Consolidated Appropriations Act) was signed into law by President Biden, which contained, among other things, an identical provision to the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and amended the HFCA Act by requiring the SEC to prohibit an issuers securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three, thus reducing the time period for triggering the prohibition on trading. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it had signed a Statement of Protocol (the SOP) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of China. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigations (together, the SOP Agreement), establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB Board vacated its previous 2021 determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainties and depends on a number of factors out of our and our auditors control.

Neither ZK International nor any of its subsidiaries has been identified and we do not expect ZK International or any of its subsidiaries to be identified by the Commission under the HFCAA. Our current auditor, Fortune CPA, Inc., is headquartered in Orange, California, and is not subject to inspection by the PCAOB as of the date of this annual report. Our previous auditor, ZH CPA, LLC, is headquartered in Denver, Colorado, and is subject to inspection by the PCAOB on a regular basis. However, recent developments with respect to audits of China-based companies create uncertainty about the ability of Fortune CPA, Inc. or ZH CPA, LLC to fully cooperate with the PCAOBs request for audit workpapers without the approval of the Chinese authorities. We cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditors audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements. In the event it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely the Company's auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction, then such lack of inspection could cause trading in the Company's securities to be prohibited under the HFCAA, and ultimately result in a determination by a securities exchange to delist the Company's securities. If we cannot engage a new auditor within a reasonable time under reasonable terms, our ordinary shares may be delisted, and the price of our ordinary shares may significantly decrease or become worthless. See Item 3. Key Information - 3.D Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares Our ordinary shares may be delisted under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years. The delisting of our ordinary shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.

**Corporate Structure and the Risks Relating to Being a China-based Company** 

Below is a chart illustrating our current corporate structure:

ZK International is a British Virgin Islands incorporated holding company without any material operations. ZK International conducts business through its subsidiaries, primarily based in China. ZK International does not conduct business through variable interest entity structure. Our corporate structure involves unique risks to investors. For more details of risks related to our corporate structure, see Item 3. Key Information - 3.D Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure ZK International is a holding company and will rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make dividend payments to us, or any tax implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our ability to pay our expenses or pay dividends to holders of our ordinary shares. on page 7 and PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from making loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiaries. starting on page 7.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

The PRC subsidiaries, Wenzhou Weijia, Wenzhou Zhengfeng, Zhejiang Zhengkang, Hongyun and Suona are subject to various legal and operational risks associated with being based in China and having a majority of operations in China. The PRC government has significant authority to exert influence on the ability of a China-based company to conduct its business, accept foreign investments or be listed on a U.S. or other foreign exchange. The PRC government has initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements recently to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. As of the date of this annual report, we and our PRC subsidiaries have not been involved in any investigations on cybersecurity review initiated by any PRC regulatory authority, nor has any of them received any inquiry, notice, or sanction. However, since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on the ability of the PRC subsidiaries to conduct business, accept foreign investments, and list on an U.S. or other foreign exchange. These risks may result in a material change in the operations of the PRC subsidiaries, significant depreciation of the value of our ordinary shares, or a complete hindrance of our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. See Item 3. Key Information - 3.D Risk Factors Risks Related to Doing Business in China The Chinese government may intervene or influence the operations of the PRC subsidiaries at any time. Such risks may result in a material change in the operations of the PRC subsidiaries, significant depreciation of the value of our ordinary shares, or a complete hindrance of our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. on page 8, The Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which the PRC subsidiaries must conduct business activities. We are currently not required to obtain approval from Chinese authorities to list on U.S exchanges, however, if our holding company or subsidiaries were required to obtain approval in the future and were denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able to continue listing on U.S. exchange, which may cause the value of our ordinary shares to significantly decline or be worthless. on page 8, and The approval, filing or other requirements of the China Securities Regulatory Commission or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with any future offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to meet such requirements. on page 9.

**PRC Permissions and Approvals**

The PRC subsidiaries are not operating in an industry that prohibits or limits foreign investment. In addition, other than those requisite for a domestic company in China to engage in the businesses similar to ours, the PRC subsidiaries are not required to obtain any permissions or approvals from Chinese authorities, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) or any other governmental agency, to operate the business of the PRC subsidiaries.

However, if we do not receive or maintain the permissions and approvals, or we inadvertently conclude that such permissions and approvals are not required, or applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change such that we are required to obtain permission and approval in the future, we may be subject to investigations by competent regulators, fines or penalties, ordered to suspend our relevant operations and rectify any non-compliance, prohibited from engaging in relevant business or conducting any offering, and these risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause such securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless. See Item 3. Key Information - 3.D Risk Factors Risks Related to Doing Business in China The Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which the PRC subsidiaries must conduct business activities. We are currently not required to obtain approval from Chinese authorities to list on U.S exchanges, however, if our holding company or subsidiaries were required to obtain approval in the future and were denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able to continue listing on U.S. exchange, which may cause the value of our ordinary shares to significantly decline or be worthless.

Our PRC subsidiaries have received from PRC authorities all requisite licenses, permissions or approvals needed to engage in the businesses currently conducted in China, and no permission or approval has been denied. The following table provides details on the licenses and permissions held by our PRC subsidiaries.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Company** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**License/Permission/Approval** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Issuing Authority** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Validity** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Wenzhou Weijia | &nbsp;&nbsp;Business License | &nbsp;&nbsp;Wenzhou Municipal Administration for Market Regulation | &nbsp;&nbsp;Until June 16, 2035 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Wenzhou Zhengfeng | &nbsp;&nbsp;Business License | &nbsp;&nbsp;Wenzhou Municipal Administration for Market Regulation | &nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Zhejiang Zhengkang | &nbsp;&nbsp;Business License | &nbsp;&nbsp;Wenzhou Municipal Administration for Market Regulation | &nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Zhejiang Zhengkang | &nbsp;&nbsp;the registration receipts of stationary pollution source discharge | &nbsp;&nbsp;Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the Peoples Republic of China | &nbsp;&nbsp;Until June 17, 2029 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Hongyun | &nbsp;&nbsp;Business License | &nbsp;&nbsp;Wenzhou Municipal Administration for Market Regulation | &nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Suona | &nbsp;&nbsp;Business License | &nbsp;&nbsp;Wenzhou Municipal Administration for Market Regulation | &nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term |

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[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, effective from March 31, 2023, which regulates both direct and indirect offering and listing of PRC domestic enterprises securities by adopting a filing-based regulatory regime, requiring PRC domestic companies seeking to directly or indirectly offer securities and list in oversea markets to file with the CSRC. If we are determined by CSRC that we need to complete the filing procedures for our future offshore offerings, or the CSRC, CAC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate and other new rules or explanations requiring us to complete filing procedures or obtain their approvals for our future offshore offerings, we may be unable to complete such filing procedures or obtain such approvals in a timely manner, or at all, and such filings or approvals may be rescinded even if completed or obtained. Any such circumstance could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. In addition, implementation of industry-wide regulations directly targeting our operations could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline. Therefore, investors of our company and our business face potential uncertainty from actions taken by the PRC government affecting our business. For more details, see Item 3. Key Information - 3.D Risk Factors Risks Related to Doing Business in China The approval, filing or other requirements of the China Securities Regulatory Commission or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with any future offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to meet such requirement.

**Cash and Asset Transfers within the Corporate Structure**

ZK International is a holding company and conduct substantially all of our business through our PRC subsidiaries. ZK International may relies on dividends to be paid by its subsidiaries to fund its cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to the shareholders, to service any debt ZK International may incur and to pay the operating expenses. If the subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.

Within our direct holding structure, the cross-border transfers of funds within our corporate entities are in compliance with the laws of the British Virgin Islands, the Republic of Uganda, Delaware, Hong Kong and the PRC. ZK International may transfer funds to its subsidiaries through capital contribution or loans without restrictions on the amount of the funds, subject to compliance with the relevant laws and regulations, and subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration, approval and filing requirements.

ZK Internationals BVI subsidiaries, xSigma Entertainment Limited, xSigma Collectible Limited and xSigma Corporation, may, according to the BVI Business Companies Act 2004 (as amended) but subject in each case to their respective memorandum and articles of association, make dividends and distribution to ZK International to the extent that immediately after the distribution, such Company's assets do not exceed its liabilities and that such company is able to pay its debts as they fall due.

ZK Internationals Hong Kong subsidiary, ZK Pipe Industry Co., Ltd. may, according to the Companies Ordinance of Hong Kong, make a distribution out of profits available for distribution to ZK International.

ZK Internationals subsidiary established in the Republic of Uganda, ZK International Uganda Limited, may, according to the Companies Act of 2012, as amended, make a distribution out of profits to ZK International.

According to the Limited Liability Company Act of Delaware, ZKs indirect subsidiary established in Delaware, xSigma Trading LLC, may make a distribution to its parent company, xSigma Corporation to the extend, after giving effect to the distribution, all liabilities of xSigma Trading LLC, other than liabilities to xSigma Corporation on account of xSigma Corporations membership interests in xSigma Trading LLC, if any, do not exceed the fair value of the assets of xSigma Trading LLC.

The PRC has currency and capital transfer regulations that require us to comply with certain requirements for the movement of capital. The Company is able to transfer cash (US Dollars), through its Hong Kong subsidiary, ZK Pipe Industry Co., Ltd., to its PRC subsidiaries through an investment (by increasing the Company's registered capital in a PRC subsidiaries).

Increasing the registered capital in a PRC subsidiaries requires the filing of the local commerce department, while a shareholder loan requires a filing with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local bureau. Aside from the declaration to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, there is no restriction or limitations on such cash transfer or earnings distribution.

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With respect to the payment of dividends by a PRC subsidiary, we note the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. PRC regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits, as determined in accordance with accounting standards and PRC regulations (an in-depth description of the PRC regulations is set forth below);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. The PRC subsidiaries are required to set aside, at a minimum, 10% of their net income after taxes, based on PRC accounting standards, each year as statutory surplus reserves until the cumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of their registered capital;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Such reserves may not be distributed as cash dividends;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The PRC subsidiaries may also allocate a portion of their after-tax profits to fund their staff welfare and bonus funds; except in the event of a liquidation, these funds may also not be distributed to shareholders; the Company does not participate in a Common Welfare Fund; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The incurrence of debt, specifically the instruments governing such debt, may restrict a subsidiarys ability to pay stockholder dividends or make other cash distributions.

The Company's subsidiaries within China can transfer funds to each other when necessary through the way of current lending. The transfer of funds among companies are subject to the Provisions on Private Lending Cases, which was implemented on August 20, 2020 to regulate the financing activities between natural persons, legal persons and unincorporated organizations. The Provisions on Private Lending Cases does not prohibit using cash generated from one subsidiary to fund another subsidiary's operations. We have not been notified of any other restriction which could limit our PRC subsidiaries ability to transfer cash between subsidiaries.

If our PRC subsidiaries are unable to pay shareholder dividends and/or make other cash payments to the other companies within our corporate structure when needed, our ability to conduct operations, make investments, engage in acquisitions, or undertake other activities requiring working capital may be materially and adversely affected. However, the operations and business of the PRC subsidiaries, including investment and/or acquisitions by our subsidiaries within China, will not be affected as long as the capital is not transferred in or out of the PRC.

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023 and until the date of this annual report, there has been no transfers, dividends, or distributions between ZK International, its subsidiaries, or to investors.

ZK Internationals subsidiaries have not distributed any earnings to ZK International. ZK International has not distributed any earnings to its shareholders. ZK International and its subsidiaries do not have any plan to distribute earnings or settle amounts owed in the foreseeable future. For the foreseeable future, ZK International and the subsidiaries intend to use the earnings for business operations. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Also, as of the date of this annual report, no cash generated from one subsidiary is used to fund another subsidiary's operations and we do not anticipate any difficulties or limitations on our ability to transfer cash between subsidiaries. We have not installed any cash management policies that dictate the amount of such funding.

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**Enforceability of Civil Liabilities**

ZK International was incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands with limited liability. We chose to incorporate ZK International in the British Virgin Islands because of certain benefits associated with being a British Virgin Islands corporation, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provides protections for investors to a lesser extent. In addition, British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.

Substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, a majority of our directors and officers are nationals and/or residents of countries other than the United States, and all or a substantial portion of such persons assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon us or such persons or to enforce against them or against us, judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.

We have appointed Vcorp Agent Services, Inc. as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the United States District Court for districts in the State of New York under the federal securities laws of the United States or of any State of the United States or any action brought against us in the Supreme Court of the State of New York under the securities laws of the State of New York.

There is uncertainty as to whether the courts of China would (1) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof, or (2) be competent to hear original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction, against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.

The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the Chinese Civil Procedure Law. Chinese courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the Chinese Civil Procedure Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or in reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other agreements with the British Virgin Islands or the United States that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. As a result, it is uncertain whether a Chinese court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in either of these two jurisdictions.

The United States and the British Virgin Islands do not have a treaty providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts of the United States in civil and commercial matters and that a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any general or state court in the United States based on civil liability, whether or not predicated solely upon the U.S. federal securities laws, may not be enforceable in the British Virgin Islands. A final and conclusive judgment obtained in U.S. federal or state courts under which a sum of money is payable as compensatory damages (i.e., not being a sum claimed by a revenue authority for taxes or other charges of a similar nature by a governmental authority, or in respect of a fine or penalty or multiple or punitive damages) may be the subject of an action on a debt in the court of the British Virgin Islands.

For a detailed description of risks related to enforceability of civil liabilities, please refer to Item 3. Key Information - 3.D. Risk Factors Since the operations of the PRC subsidiaries and substantially all of our assets are located in the PRC, shareholders may find it difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against the assets of our company, our directors and executive officers.

**3. A. [Reserved]**

**3. B. Capitalization and Indebtedness**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**3. C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

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**3. D. Risk Factors** 

**Summary of Risk Factors**

Investing in our Company involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in our Company. Below please find a summary of the risks and challenges we face organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in the section titled Item 3. Key Information - 3.D. Risk Factors in this Annual Report.

**Risks Related to Doing Business in China**

● Risks related to the Chinese governments exertion of substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities. If our holding company or subsidiaries were required to obtain approval in the future and were denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able to continue listing on U.S. exchange, which may cause the value of our ordinary shares to significantly decline or be worthless.

● Risks related to the Chinese governments intervene or influence on the operations of the PRC subsidiaries.

● Risks related to the approval, filing or other requirements of the China Securities Regulatory Commission or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with any future offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to meet such requirements.

● Risks related to becoming subject to recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies, could harm our business operations, reputation and result in a loss of your investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably.

● Risks related to adverse change in political and economic policies of the PRC government

● Risks related to the imposition of trade barriers and taxes that may reduce our ability to do business internationally, and the resulting loss of revenue could harm our profitability.

● Risks related to our operations and assets in the PRC since shareholders may find it difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against the assets of our company, our directors and executive officers.

● Risks related to our uncertainty with respect to the PRC legal system which could adversely affect us.

● Risks related to the Chinese governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.

● Risks related to PRC subsidiaries ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us

**Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure**

● Risks related to our status as a holding company which makes us reliant on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs.

● Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

● Risks relating to operating in a highly competitive industry.

● Risks related to any decline in the availability or increase in the cost of raw materials.

● Risks related to outstanding bank loans.

● Risks related to our potential for weak liquidity.

● Risks related to any supply chain disruption.

● Risks related to our failure to protect our intellectual property rights, which could harm our business and competitive position.

**Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares**

● Risks that trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or investigate completely our auditor and that as a result an exchange may determine to delist our securities.

● Risks related to our ability to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of otherwise applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements as a foreign private issuer, which may result in less protection than afforded to investors under rules applicable to domestic U.S. issuers.

● Risks related to shareholder inability to commence derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect their interests.

● Risks related to the market price of the Company's ordinary shares may continue to be volatile.

● Risks related to the suspension of trading or delisting if we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq.

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**Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure** 

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***ZK International is a holding company and will rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make dividend payments to us, or any tax implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our ability to pay our expenses or pay dividends to holders of our ordinary shares.***

We are a BVI holding company and conduct substantially all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. We may rely on dividends to be paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, to service any debt we may incur and to pay our operating expenses. If our PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict our PRC subsidiaries ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.

Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, wholly foreign-owned enterprises are required to set aside at least 10% of their accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a certain statutory reserve fund, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital.

Our PRC subsidiaries generate primarily all of their revenue in Renminbi, which is not freely convertible into other currencies. As a result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of any one of our PRC subsidiaries to use its Renminbi revenues to pay dividends to us. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and more restrictions and substantial vetting process may be put forward by SAFE for cross-border transactions falling under both the current account and the capital account. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other kinds of payments to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law, or EIT, and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are incorporated. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement, the 10% withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns no less than 25% of a PRC entity. However, the 5% withholding tax rate does not automatically apply and certain requirements must be satisfied, including, without limitation, that (a) the Hong Kong entity must be the beneficial owner of the relevant dividends; and (b) the Hong Kong entity must directly hold no less than 25% share ownership in the PRC entity during the 12 consecutive months preceding its receipt of the dividends. In current practice, a Hong Kong entity must obtain a tax resident certificate from the Hong Kong tax authority to apply for the 5% lower PRC withholding tax rate. As the Hong Kong tax authority will issue such a tax resident certificate on a case-by-case basis, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the tax resident certificate from the relevant Hong Kong tax authority and enjoy the preferential withholding tax rate of 5% under the Double Taxation Arrangement with respect to dividends to be paid by our PRC subsidiaries to their immediate holding company in Hong Kong, ZK Pipe. ZK Pipe intends to apply for the tax resident certificate when its immediate subsidiary, Wenzhou Weijia, plans to declare and pay dividends to ZK Pipe. As of the date of this annual report, Wenzhou Weijia do not have plans to declare and pay dividends to ZK Pipe.

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***PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies to PRC entities may delay or prevent us from making loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC operating subsidiaries.***

As an offshore holding company of our PRC subsidiaries, we may make loans to our PRC subsidiaries, or may make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, subject to satisfaction of applicable governmental registration and approval requirements.

Any loans we extend to our PRC subsidiaries, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC law, cannot exceed the statutory limit and must be registered with the local counterpart of the SAFE.

We may also decide to finance our PRC subsidiaries by means of capital contributions. According to the relevant PRC regulations on foreign-invested enterprises in China, these capital contributions are subject to registration with or approval by the MOFCOM or its local counterparts. In addition, the PRC government also restricts the convertibility of foreign currencies into Renminbi and use of the proceeds. On March 30, 2015, SAFE promulgated Circular 19, which took effect and replaced certain previous SAFE regulations from June 1, 2015. SAFE further promulgated Circular 16, effective on June 9, 2016, which, among other things, amend certain provisions of Circular 19. According to SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16, the flow and use of the Renminbi capital converted from foreign currency denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company is regulated such that Renminbi capital may not be used for business beyond its business scope or to provide loans to persons other than affiliates unless otherwise permitted under its business scope. Violations of the applicable circulars and rules may result in severe penalties, including substantial fines as set forth in the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations. These circulars may limit our ability to transfer the net proceeds from future offerings to our PRC subsidiaries, and we may not be able to convert the net proceeds from future offerings into Renminbi to invest in or acquire any other PRC companies in China.

In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans or capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries by us. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we expect to receive from future offerings and to fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

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**Risks Related to Doing Business in China**

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***The Chinese government may intervene or influence the operations of the PRC subsidiaries at any time. Such risks may result in a material change in the operations of the PRC subsidiaries, significant depreciation of the value of our ordinary shares, or a complete hindrance of our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.***

The Chinese government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership. The Chinese government may intervene or influence the operations of the PRC subsidiaries at any time. The ability of the PRC subsidiaries to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, environmental regulations, land use rights, property and other matters. The central or local governments of these jurisdictions may impose new, stricter regulations or interpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations or interpretations. Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally planned economy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particular regions thereof, and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in operations and properties in China. These risks could result in a material change in the operation of the PRC subsidiaries and the value of our securities.

Additionally, the PRC government has indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offering that are conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based issuers, like us, and has initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements recently to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. Since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on the ability of the PRC subsidiaries to conduct business, accept foreign investments, and list on an U.S. or other foreign exchange. These risks may result in a material change in the operations of the PRC subsidiaries, significant depreciation of the value of our ordinary shares, or a complete hindrance of our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

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***The Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which the PRC subsidiaries must conduct business activities. We are currently not required to obtain approval from Chinese authorities to list on U.S exchanges, however, if our holding company or subsidiaries were required to obtain approval in the future and were denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able to continue listing on U.S. exchange, which may cause the value of our ordinary shares to significantly decline or be worthless.***

On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress enacted the PRC Data Security Law, which took effect on September 1, 2021. The law requires data collection to be conducted in a legitimate and proper manner, and stipulates that, for the purpose of data protection, data processing activities must be conducted based on data classification and hierarchical protection system for data security.

On August 20, 2021, the 30th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National Peoples Congress voted and passed the Personal Information Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China, or PRC Personal Information Protection Law, which became effective on November 1, 2021. The PRC Personal Information Protection Law applies to the processing of personal information of natural persons within the territory of China that is carried out outside of China where (1) such processing is for the purpose of providing products or services for natural persons within China, (2) such processing is to analyze or evaluate the behavior of natural persons within China, or (3) there are any other circumstances stipulated by related laws and administrative regulations.

On December 28, 2021, the CAC jointly with the relevant authorities formally published Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) which will take effect on February 15, 2022 and replace the former Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2020) issued on July 10, 2021. Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) stipulates that operators of critical information infrastructure purchasing network products and services, and online platform operator (together with the operators of critical information infrastructure, the Operators) carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security, shall conduct a cybersecurity review, any online platform operator who controls more than one million users personal information must go through a cybersecurity review by the cybersecurity review office if it seeks to be listed in a foreign country.

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On November 14, 2021, the CAC published the Security Administration Draft, which provides that data processing operators engaging in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security must be subject to network data security review by the relevant Cyberspace Administration of the PRC. According to the Security Administration Draft, data processing operators who possess personal data of at least one million users or collect data that affects or may affect national security must be subject to network data security review by the relevant Cyberspace Administration of the PRC. The deadline for public comments on the Security Administration Draft was December 13, 2021.

We do not believe that we or any of our subsidiaries is deemed to be an Operator that are required to file for cybersecurity review, because (i) we do not collect or store personal information except for those of our employees and such number of PRC individuals are much less than one million and (ii) as of the date of this annual report, none of our subsidiaries have been informed by any PRC governmental authority of any requirement that it files for a cybersecurity review or a CSRC review.

However, since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon the legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any. It is also highly uncertain what the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on the daily business operations of our subsidiaries, their respective abilities to accept foreign investments and the continued listing of our ordinary shares on Nasdaq or other foreign exchanges. There remains significant uncertainty in the interpretation and enforcement of relevant PRC cybersecurity laws and regulations. If any of our subsidiaries is deemed to be an Operator, or if the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) or the PRC Personal Information Protection Law becomes applicable to our subsidiaries, the business operation of our subsidiaries and the continued listing of our ordinary shares on Nasdaq could be subject to the CACs cybersecurity review in the future. If any of our subsidiaries become subject to the CAC review, we cannot assure you that our subsidiaries will be able to comply with the regulatory requirements in all respects and the current practice of collecting and processing personal information may be ordered to be rectified or terminated by regulatory authorities. In the event of a failure to comply, our subsidiaries may become subject to fines and other penalties which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition and may cause the value of our ordinary shares to significantly decline or be worthless.

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***The approval, filing or other requirements of the China Securities Regulatory Commission or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with any future offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to meet such requirements.***

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the CSRC, adopted the M&A Rules, which became effective on September 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. Foreign investors shall comply with the M&A Rules when they purchase equity interests of a domestic company or subscribe to the increased capital of a domestic company and thus change the nature of the domestic company into a foreign-invested enterprise; or when the foreign investors establish a foreign-invested enterprise in the PRC, purchase the assets of a domestic company and operate the assets; or when the foreign investors purchase the assets of a domestic company, establish a foreign-invested enterprise by injecting such assets and operate the assets. The M&A Rules purport to require offshore special purpose companies/vehicles formed for overseas listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals, to obtain approval from the CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange.

On July 6, 2021, the State Council and General Office of the CPC Central Committee issued Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down Illegal Securities Activities in Accordance with the Law. The opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies and proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems to deal with the risks and incidents faced by China-based overseas-listed companies.

On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, effective on March 31, 2023, which regulates both direct and indirect offering and listing of PRC domestic enterprises securities by adopting a filing-based regulatory regime. Indirect listing of a PRC domestic enterprise refers to overseas offering and listing by a PRC domestic enterprise in the name of an overseas incorporated entity, whereas such enterprises major business operations are located domestically and such offering and listing is based on equity, assets, gains or other similar interests of such PRC domestic enterprise, and if an issuer meets all of the following criteria, any offering and listing conducted by such issuer will be deemed as an indirect offering and listing by PRC domestic enterprises: (i) 50% or more of the issuers operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent accounting year is accounted for by PRC domestic enterprises; (ii) the main parts of the issuers business activities are conducted in PRC, or its main places of business are located in PRC, or the senior managers in charge of its business operation and management are mostly PRC citizens or domiciled in PRC. And a PRC domestic enterprises that offer securities and list in overseas markets, either in direct or indirect means, shall fulfil the filing procedure with the CSRC and report relevant information. Initial public offerings or listings in overseas markets shall be filed within 3 business days after the relevant application is submitted, while subsequent securities offerings of an issuer in the same overseas market where it has previously offered and listed securities shall be filed within 3 business days after the offering is completed. The Trial Measures also requires, either after the filing by the issuer and before the completion of offering and listing, or after the overseas offering and listing, subsequent report to the CSRC on material events, such as material change in principal business or change of control. No overseas offering and listing shall be made under any of the following circumstances: (1) where such securities offering and listing is explicitly prohibited by provisions in laws, administrative regulations and relevant state rules; (2) where the intended securities offering and listing may endanger national security as reviewed and determined by competent authorities; (3) where the PRC domestic enterprise intending to make the securities offering and listing, or its controlling shareholders and the actual controller, have committed crimes such as corruption, bribery, embezzlement, misappropriation of property or undermining the order of the socialist market economy during the latest three years;(4) where the PRC domestic enterprise intending to make the securities offering and listing is suspected of committing crimes or major violation of laws and regulations, and is under investigation according to law, and no conclusion has yet been made thereof; and (5) where there are material ownership disputes over equity held by the PRC domestic enterprises controlling shareholder or by other shareholders that are controlled by the controlling shareholder and/or actual controller.

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If we are determined by CSRC that we need to complete the filing procedures for our future offshore offerings, or the CSRC, CAC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate and other new rules or explanations requiring us to complete filing procedures or obtain their approvals for our future offshore offerings, we may be unable to complete such filing procedures or obtain such approvals in a timely manner, or at all, and such filings or approvals may be rescinded even if completed or obtained. Any such circumstance could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. In addition, implementation of industry-wide regulations directly targeting our operations could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline. Therefore, investors of our company and our business face potential uncertainty from actions taken by the PRC government affecting our business.

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***If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and resolve the matter which could harm our business operations and our reputation and could result in a loss of your investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favorably.***

Recently, U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered around financial and accounting irregularities, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S. listed Chinese companies has sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, has become virtually worthless. Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations. It is not clear what effect this sector-wide scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity will have on our company and our business. If we become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend the Company. This situation may be a major distraction to our management. If such allegations are not proven to be groundless, our company and business operations will be severely hampered and your investment in our stock could be rendered worthless.

***Our PRC subsidiaries books and records are prepared in accordance with China GAAP, not U.S. GAAP.***

Substantially all of the business operations of ZK Internationals subsidiaries are located in the PRC. Although ZK Internationals reports are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, our PRC subsidiaries books and records are prepared in accordance with China GAAP. Despite our efforts to improve the Company's controls and procedures, our accounting personnel do not have sufficient knowledge, experience and training in maintaining our books and records in accordance with U.S. GAAP standards. If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm the value of our shares.

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***Adverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our products and materially and adversely affect our competitive position.***

Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects are subject to economic, political and legal developments in China. Although the Chinese economy is no longer a planned economy, the PRC government continues to exercise significant control over Chinas economic growth through direct allocation of resources, monetary and tax policies, and a host of other government policies such as those that encourage or restrict investment in certain industries by foreign investors, control the exchange between RMB and foreign currencies, and regulate the growth of the general or specific market. These government involvements have been instrumental in Chinas significant growth in the past 30 years. In response to the recent global and Chinese economic downturn, the PRC government has adopted policy measures aimed at stimulating the economic growth in China. If the PRC governments current or future policies fail to help the Chinese economy achieve further growth or if any aspect of the PRC governments policies limits the growth of our industry or otherwise negatively affects our business, our growth rate or strategy, our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result.

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***Labor laws in the PRC may adversely affect our results of operations.***

On June 29, 2007, the PRC government promulgated a new labor law, namely, the Labor Contract Law of the PRC, which became effective on January 1, 2008, which was further amended on December 28, 2012 (effective July 1, 2013). The Labor Contract Law imposes greater liabilities on employers and significantly affects the cost of an employers decision to reduce its workforce. Further, it requires certain terminations be based upon seniority and not merit. In the event we decide to significantly change or decrease our workforce, the Labor Contract Law could adversely affect our ability to enact such changes in a manner that is most advantageous to our business or in a timely and cost-effective manner, thus materially and adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations. The Labor Contract Law also mandates that employers provide social welfare packages to all employees, increasing our labor costs. To the extent competitors from outside China are not affected by such requirements, we could be at a comparative disadvantage.

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***Imposition of trade barriers and taxes may reduce our ability to do business internationally, and the resulting loss of revenue could harm our profitability.***

We may experience barriers to conducting business and trade in our targeted emerging markets in the form of delayed customs clearances, customs duties and tariffs. In addition, we may be subject to repatriation taxes levied upon the exchange of income from local currency into foreign currency, substantial taxes on profits, revenues, assets and payroll, as well as value-added tax. The markets in which we plan to operate may impose onerous and unpredictable duties, tariffs and taxes on our business and products, and there can be no assurance that this will not reduce the level of sales that we achieve in such markets, which would reduce our revenues and profits.

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***Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a Resident Enterprise of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC stockholders.***

China passed an Enterprise Income Tax Law (the EIT Law) and implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008. Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of China with de facto management bodies within China is considered a resident enterprise, meaning that it can be treated in a manner similar to a Chinese enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes. The implementing rules of the EIT Law define de facto management as substantial and overall management and control over the production and operations, personnel, accounting, and properties of the enterprise.

On April 22, 2009, the State Administration of Taxation of China issued the Notice Concerning Relevant Issues Regarding Cognizance of Chinese Investment Controlled Enterprises Incorporated Offshore as Resident Enterprises pursuant to Criteria of de facto Management Bodies, or the Notice, further interpreting the application of the EIT Law and its implementation to offshore entities controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group. Pursuant to the Notice, an enterprise incorporated in an offshore jurisdiction and controlled by a Chinese enterprise or group will be classified as a non-domestically incorporated resident enterprise if (i) its senior management in charge of daily operations reside or perform their duties mainly in China; (ii) its financial or personnel decisions are made or approved by bodies or persons in China; (iii) its substantial assets and properties, accounting books, corporate stamps, board and stockholder minutes are kept in China; and (iv) at least half of its directors with voting rights or senior management are often resident in China. A resident enterprise would be subject to an enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its worldwide income and must pay a withholding tax at a rate of 10% when paying dividends to its non-PRC stockholders. However, it remains unclear as to whether the Notice is applicable to an offshore enterprise controlled, but not necessarily owned, by a Chinese natural person. Therefore, it is unclear how tax authorities will determine tax residency based on the facts of each case.

If the PRC tax authorities determine that we are a resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. First, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as non-China source income would be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Currently, we do not have any non-China source income, so this would minimal effect on us; however, if we develop non-China source income in the future, we could be adversely affected. Second, under the EIT Law and its implementing rules, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would qualify as tax-exempt income. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issued with respect to the new resident enterprise classification could result in a situation in which a 10% withholding tax is imposed on dividends we pay to our non-PRC stockholders and with respect to gains derived by our non-PRC stockholders from transferring our shares.

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***Since the operations of the PRC subsidiaries and substantially all of our assets are located in the PRC, shareholders may find it difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against the assets of our company, our directors and executive officers.***

The operations and assets of the PRC subsidiaries are located in the PRC. In addition, most of our executive officers and directors are non-residents of the U.S., and substantially all the assets of such persons are located outside the U.S. As a result, it could be difficult for investors to effect service of process in the U.S., or to enforce a judgment obtained in the U.S. against us or any of these persons.

There is uncertainty as to whether the courts of China would (1) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof, or (2) be competent to hear original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction, against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.

The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the Chinese Civil Procedure Law. Chinese courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the Chinese Civil Procedure Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or in reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other agreements with the British Virgin Islands or the United States that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. As a result, it is uncertain whether a Chinese court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in either of these two jurisdictions.

The United States and the British Virgin Islands do not have a treaty providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts of the United States in civil and commercial matters and that a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by any general or state court in the United States based on civil liability, whether or not predicated solely upon the U.S. federal securities laws, may not be enforceable in the British Virgin Islands. A final and conclusive judgment obtained in U.S. federal or state courts under which a sum of money is payable as compensatory damages (i.e., not being a sum claimed by a revenue authority for taxes or other charges of a similar nature by a governmental authority, or in respect of a fine or penalty or multiple or punitive damages) may be the subject of an action on a debt in the court of the British Virgin Islands.

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***We may be exposed to liabilities under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Chinese anti-corruption law.***

We are subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials and political parties by U.S. persons and issuers as defined by the statute for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We are also subject to Chinese anti-corruption laws, which strictly prohibit the payment of bribes to government officials. We have operations, agreements with third parties, and make sales in China, which may experience corruption. Our activities in China create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of the employees, consultants or distributors of ZK Internationals operating subsidiaries, because these parties are not always subject to our control. We are in process of implementing an anticorruption program, which prohibits the offering or giving of anything of value to foreign officials, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The anticorruption program also requires that clauses mandating compliance with our policy be included in all contracts with foreign sales agents, sales consultants and distributors and that they certify their compliance with our policy annually. It further requires that all hospitality involving promotion of sales to foreign governments and government-owned or controlled entities be in accordance with specified guidelines. In the meantime, we believe to date we have complied in all material respects with the provisions of the FCPA and Chinese anti-corruption law.

However, our existing safeguards and any future improvements may prove to be less than effective, and the employees, consultants or distributors of ZK Internationals operating subsidiaries may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible. Violations of the FCPA or Chinese anti-corruption law may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, and we may be subject to other liabilities, which could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, the government may seek to hold ZK International or its subsidiaries liable for successor liability FCPA violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire.

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***Uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and that rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice could adversely affect us.***

We conduct all of our business through our subsidiaries in China. The operations of the PRC subsidiaries in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. Our PRC subsidiaries are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investments in China and, in particular, laws and regulations applicable to wholly foreign-owned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.

Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system and recently enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited volume of published decisions and their nonbinding nature, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

Recently, the General Office of the State Council and another PRC authority jointly issued the Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law (the Opinions), which was promulgated on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities, the need to strengthen the supervision over overseas listings by PRC-based companies and the need to revise the special provisions of the State Council on overseas issuance and listing of shares by those companies. Effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems will be taken to deal with the risks and incidents of PRC-based companies, and cybersecurity, data security, privacy protection requirements and similar matters. If the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for any additional offering, we may be unable to obtain such approvals which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to raise additional capital.

Furthermore, the PRC government may strengthen oversight and control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in issuers with substantial operations in China, like us. Such actions taken by the PRC government may intervene or influence our PRC subsidiaries operations at any time, which are beyond our control. Therefore, any such action may adversely affect our operations and significantly limit or hinder our ability to raise additional capital and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

Uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and the fact that rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice, along with the risk that the Chinese government may intervene or influence our PRC subsidiaries operations at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in issuers with substantial operations in China could result in a material change in our operations or financial performance and/or could result in a material reduction in the value of our ordinary shares or hinder our ability to raise necessary capital.

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***Governmental control of currency conversion may affect the value of your investment.***

The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenues in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currency to satisfy our currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our security-holders.

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***Fluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.***

Changes in the value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar, Euro and other foreign currencies are affected by, among other things, changes in Chinas political and economic conditions. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may have a material adverse effect on our revenues and financial condition, and the value of, and any dividends payable on our shares in U.S. dollar terms. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we received from our future offerings into RMB for the operations of the PRC subsidiaries, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on RMB amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of paying dividends on our Ordinary Shares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the RMB would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us. In addition, fluctuations of the RMB against other currencies may increase or decrease the cost of imports and exports, and thus affect the price-competitiveness of our products against products of foreign manufacturers or products relying on foreign inputs.

Since July 2005, the RMB is no longer pegged to the U.S. dollar. Although the Peoples Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significant short-term fluctuations in the exchange rate, the RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the medium to long term. Moreover, it is possible that in the future PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in the RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market.

We reflect the impact of currency translation adjustments in our financial statements under the heading accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income. For the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we had adjustment (loss) gain of $(823,911), $861,280, and $(549,332), respectively, for foreign currency translations. Very limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions. While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited, and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our foreign currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert RMB into foreign currencies.

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***PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our PRC subsidiaries ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC law.***

SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Residents Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, in July 2014 that requires PRC residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing. In addition, such PRC residents or entities must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes material events relating to any change of basic information (including change of such PRC citizens or residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, or mergers or divisions. SAFE Circular 37 is issued to replace the Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration for PRC Residents Engaging in Financing and Roundtrip Investments via Overseas Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 75. SAFE promulgated the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving the Administration of the Foreign Exchange Concerning Direct Investment in February 2015, which took effect on June 1, 2015. This notice has amended SAFE Circular 37 requiring PRC residents or entities to register with qualified banks rather than SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing.

If our shareholders who are PRC residents or entities do not complete their registration as required, our PRC subsidiaries may be prohibited from distributing their profits and proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us, and we may be restricted in our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the SAFE registration described above could result in liability under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions.

Our shareholders who are PRC residents have not completed their registration with the local SAFE branches. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents to register or amend their SAFE registrations in a timely manner pursuant to SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, or the failure of future beneficial owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 and subsequent implementation rules, may subject such beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to fines and legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our PRC subsidiaries ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.

Furthermore, as these foreign exchange regulations are still relatively new and their interpretation and implementation has been constantly evolving, it is unclear how these regulations, and any future regulation concerning offshore or cross-border transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant government authorities. For example, we may be subject to a more stringent review and approval process with respect to our foreign exchange activities, such as remittance of dividends and foreign currency denominated borrowings, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we decide to acquire a PRC domestic company, we cannot assure you that we or the owners of such company, as the case may be, will be able to obtain the necessary approvals or complete the necessary filings and registrations required by the foreign exchange regulations. This may restrict our ability to implement our acquisition strategy and could adversely affect our business and prospects.

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***Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.***

We are required under PRC laws and regulations to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we operate our businesses. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. We did not pay, or were not able to pay, certain social insurance or housing fund contributions for all of our employees and the amount we paid was lower than the requirements of relevant PRC regulations. If we are determined by local authorities to fail to make adequate contributions to any employee benefits as required by relevant PRC regulations, we may face late fees or fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits. As a result, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

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**Risks Related to Our Business and Industry**

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***We may incur liability for unpaid taxes, including interest and penalties.***

In the normal course of its business, ZK International and its subsidiaries, including in particular Zhejiang Zhengkang and Wenzhou Zhengfeng, may be subject to challenges from various PRC taxing authorities regarding the amounts of taxes due. Although Zhejiang Zhengkang is currently entitled to a preferential income tax rate of 15% as we have been certified as a high-tech enterprise by the local agency and our management believe that the we have paid all taxes to date, PRC taxing authorities may take the position that the we owe more taxes than we have paid based on transactions conducted by ZK International or ZK Pipe, which may be deemed a resident enterprise, thereby resulting in taxable liability for Zhejiang Zhengkang. (See Item 3. Key Information D. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Doing Business in China Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a Resident Enterprise of China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC stockholders.).

We recorded an income tax liability of $nil, $nil, and $669 for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. It is possible that the tax liability of the Company for past taxes may be higher than those amounts. We believe that we have sufficient cash on hand to adequately meet any tax liability for the underpayment of income and business taxes. Additionally, we believe that we may be able to negotiate with local PRC taxing authorities a reduction to any amounts that such authorities may believe are due and a reduction to any interest or penalties thereon. We cannot guarantee whether we will be able to negotiate such a reduction. To the extent we can negotiate such amounts, national-level taxing authorities may take the position that localities are without power to reduce such liabilities, and such PRC taxing authorities may attempt to collect unpaid taxes, interest and penalties in amounts greatly exceeding managements estimates.

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***Our industry is very competitive in China.***

The domestic market for pipe and fitting products is fragmented and highly competitive. We estimate that there are a few relatively large companies with which we compete against and more than one hundred smaller companies with regional presences. We also face competition from products imported to China or produced by manufacturers that are already globally recognized. The number of these companies varies from time to time. Some of our pipe and fitting products compete on the basis of price and are sold in fragmented markets with low barriers to entry, allowing less expensive domestic producers to gain market share and reduce our margins. To the extent these competitors are able to grow and consolidate, they may be able to take advantage of economies of scale, which could put further pressure on our margins.

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***A weakening of the Chinese economy (and in particularly in real estate or hospitality sectors) could hurt demand for our products.***

Through distributors and wholesalers, most of our products are sold domestically to end users in the real estate or hospitality industries, including those in local municipalities, hotels or residential complexes. As such, we have relied on consumer spending to drive sales in our products. Over the last five years, there are signs that Chinas GDP growth rate has slowed. If Chinas economy continues to slow, or if customer spending for decreases, demand for our products may be negatively impacted, which would adversely affect sales of our products to infrastructural, real estate or hotel developers and results of our operations.

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***We might require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.***

We intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new features or enhance our existing solutions, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing shareholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our ordinary shares. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, or at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired.

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***Our revenue will decrease if the industries in which our customers operate experience a protracted slowdown.***

Our products mainly serve as key components in projects and machines operated by our customers which are mostly in the construction industry. Therefore, we are subject to the general changes in economic conditions affecting those industry segments of the economy. If the industry segments in which our customers operate do not grow or if there is a contraction in those industries, demand for our products will decrease. Demand for our products is typically affected by a number of overarching economic factors, including, but not limited to, interest rates, the availability and magnitude of private and governmental investment in infrastructure projects and the health of the overall global economy. If there is a decline in economic activity in China and the other markets in which we operate or a protracted slowdown in industries on which we rely for our sales, demand for our products and our revenue will likewise decrease.

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***Any decline in the availability or increase in the cost of raw materials could materially affect our earnings.***

Our pipe and fitting manufacturing operations depend heavily on the availability of various raw materials and energy resources. The availability of raw materials and energy resources may decline and their prices may fluctuate greatly. If our suppliers are unable or unwilling to provide us with raw materials on terms favorable to us, we may be unable to produce certain products. This could result in a decrease in profit and damage to our reputation in our industry. In the event our raw material and energy costs increase, we may not be able to pass these higher costs on to our customers in full or at all. Any increase in the prices for raw materials or energy resources could materially increase our costs and therefore lower our earnings.

***Outstanding bank loans may reduce our available funds.***

We had $18,392,331, $21,827,833, and $17,916,392 in outstanding bank loans as of September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023. While the management believes that we will have sufficient cash to repay these loans, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to pay all amounts when due or refinance the amounts on terms that are acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to make our payments when due or to refinance such amounts, our property could be foreclosed and our business could be negatively affected.

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***Weak liquidity may have material adverse effect on our results of operations.***

Our operating activities provided $736,397 during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, and used $6,475,650, and $1,905,912 in net cash during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, and 2023, respectively. We cannot assure you that our operating activities will be able to provide net cash in the future. In addition, some of our accounts receivable have carried balance for more than 3 years. While we are actively collecting the remaining balance of these accounts receivable, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. If we continue experiencing an increase in accounts receivable without substantial collection of them, the weak liquidity could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance.

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***The loss of any of our key vendors could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations.***

We consider our major vendors in each period to be those vendors that accounted for more than 10% of overall purchases in such period. We had two vendors during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, who collectively accounted for 50% of total purchases. We had two vendors during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, which accounted for 51% of total purchases. We had two vendors during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, who collectively accounted for 52.21% of total purchases. We purchase raw materials on the market at prevailing market prices. We believe that we can locate replacement vendors readily on the market for prevailing prices and that we would not have significant difficulty replacing a given vendor, any difficulty in replacing such a vendor could adversely affect our Company's performance to the extent it results in higher prices, slower supply chain and ultimately less desirable results of operations.

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***Any disruption in the supply chain of raw materials and our products could adversely impact our ability to produce and deliver products.***

As to the products we manufacture, we must manage our supply chain for raw materials and delivery of our products. Supply chain fragmentation and local protectionism within China further complicates supply chain disruption risks. Local administrative bodies and physical infrastructure built to protect local interests pose transportation challenges for raw material transportation as well as product delivery. In addition, profitability and volume could be negatively impacted by limitations inherent within the supply chain, including competitive, governmental, legal, natural disasters, and other events that could impact both supply and price. Any of these occurrences could cause significant disruptions to our supply chain, manufacturing capability and distribution system that could adversely impact our ability to produce and deliver products.

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***Our patent rights are limited in China.***

We rely on many patented products to establish our market share for stainless pipe products. Our patent rights are granted by the State Intellectual Property Office of the PRC. While we have sold our products outside of the PRC and plan to continue expanding the export of our products overseas, we have not been granted any patent in countries outside of the PRC. As of the date hereof, most of our products are sold within the PRC. However, in the event that we begin to generate substantial revenue from sales abroad and if we cannot successfully protect our intellectual properties outside of the PRC, we may not be able to execute our business plan, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance.

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***Rapid expansion could significantly strain our resources, management and operational infrastructure, which could impair our ability to meet increased demand for our products and hurt our business results.***

To accommodate our anticipated growth, we will need to expend capital resources and dedicate personnel to implement and upgrade our accounting, operational and internal management systems and enhance our record keeping and contract tracking system. Such measures will require us to dedicate additional financial resources and personnel to optimize our operational infrastructure and to recruit more personnel to train and manage our growing employee base. If we cannot successfully implement these measures efficiently and cost-effectively, we will be unable to satisfy the demand for our products, which will impair our revenue growth and hurt our overall financial performance.

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***We must manage growth in operations to maximize our potential growth and achieve our expected revenues and any failure to manage growth will cause a disruption of the operations of the PRC subsidiaries and impair our ability to generate revenue.***

In order to maximize potential growth in our current and potential markets, we believe that we must expand the scope of our pipe and fitting manufacturing and production facilities and capabilities and continue to develop new and improved valves. This expansion will place a significant strain on our management and our operational, accounting, and information systems. We expect that we will need to continue to improve our financial controls, operating procedures and management information systems. We will also need to effectively train, motivate and manage our employees. Our failure to manage our growth could disrupt the operations of the PRC subsidiaries and ultimately prevent us from generating the revenues we expect.

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***We cannot assure you that our internal growth strategy will be successful, which may result in a negative impact on our growth, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.***

One of our strategies is to grow internally through increasing the development of new products and improve the quality of existing products. However, many obstacles to this expansion exist, including, but not limited to, increased competition from similar businesses, our ability to improve our products and product mix to realize the benefits of our research and development efforts, international trade and tariff barriers, unexpected costs, costs associated with marketing efforts abroad and maintaining attractive foreign exchange rates. We cannot, therefore, assure you that we will be able to successfully overcome such obstacles and establish our services in any additional markets. Our inability to implement this internal growth strategy successfully may have a negative impact on our growth, future financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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***We cannot assure you that our acquisition growth strategy will be successful, resulting in our failure to meet growth and revenue expectations.***

In addition to our internal growth strategy, we plan to explore the possibility of growing through strategic acquisitions. We may pursue opportunities to acquire businesses in the PRC that are complementary or related in products and business structure to us. We do not presently have any commitments, agreements or understandings to acquire any businesses or assets of such businesses. We may not be able to locate suitable acquisition candidates at prices that we consider appropriate or to finance acquisitions on terms that are satisfactory to us. If we do identify an appropriate acquisition candidate, we may not be able to negotiate successfully the terms of an acquisition, or, if the acquisition occurs, integrate the acquired business into our existing business. Acquisitions of businesses or other material operations may require debt financing or additional equity financing, resulting in leverage or dilution of ownership. Integration of acquired business operations could disrupt our business by diverting management away from day-to-day operations. The difficulties of integration may be increased by the necessity of coordinating geographically dispersed organizations, integrating personnel with disparate business backgrounds and combining different corporate cultures.

We also may not be able to retain key employees or customers of an acquired business or realize cost efficiencies or synergies or other benefits we anticipated when selecting our acquisition candidates. In addition, we may need to record write-downs from future impairments of intangible assets, which could reduce our future reported earnings. At times, acquisition candidates may have liabilities or adverse operating issues that we fail to discover through due diligence prior to the acquisition. In addition to the above, acquisitions in the PRC, including state owned businesses, will be required to comply with the laws of the PRC, to the extent applicable. There can be no assurance that any given proposed acquisition will be able to comply with PRC requirements, rules and/or regulations, or that we will successfully obtain governmental approvals that are necessary to consummate such acquisitions, to the extent required. If our acquisition strategy is unsuccessful, we will not grow operations and revenues at the rate that we anticipate.

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***Failure to manage our growth could strain our management, operational and other resources, which could materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.***

Our growth strategy includes building our brand, increasing market penetration of our existing products, developing new products, increasing our targeting of the pharmaceutical market in China, and increasing our exports. Pursuing these strategies has resulted in and will continue to result in substantial demands on management resources. In particular, the management of our growth will require, among other things:

● continued enhancement of our research and development capabilities;

● information technology system enhancement;

● stringent cost controls and sufficient liquidity;

● strengthening of financial and management controls and information technology systems; and

● increased marketing, sales and support activities; and hiring and training of new personnel.

If we are not able to manage our growth successfully, our business and prospects would be materially and adversely affected.

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***Our bank accounts in China are not insured or protected against loss.***

We maintain our cash with various banks and trust companies located in the PRC and the United States. Our cash accounts in China are not insured or otherwise protected. While China is currently considering implementation of banking insurance policies, it has not yet done so. Should any bank or trust company holding our cash deposits become insolvent, or if we are otherwise unable to withdraw funds, we would lose the cash on deposit with that particular bank or trust company.

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***We are substantially dependent upon our senior management and key research and development personnel.***

We are highly dependent on our senior management to manage our business and operations and our key research and development personnel for the development of new products and the enhancement of our existing products and technologies. In particular, we rely substantially on our Chairman of the Board Jiancong Huang, to manage the operations of the PRC subsidiaries.

While we provide the legally required personal insurance for the benefit of our employees, we do not maintain key man life insurance on any of our senior management or key personnel including our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Ruihong Ma, and Chairman of the Board, Mr. Jiancong Huang. The loss of any one of them would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. Competition for senior management and our other key personnel is intense and the pool of suitable candidates is limited. We may be unable to locate a suitable replacement for any senior management or key personnel that we lose. In addition, if any member of our senior management or key personnel joins a competitor or forms a competing company, they may compete with us for customers, business partners and other key professionals and staff members of our company. Although each of our senior management and key personnel has signed a confidentiality and non-competition agreement in connection with his employment with us, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully enforce these provisions in the event of a dispute between us and any member of our senior management or key personnel.

We compete for qualified personnel with other hardware manufacturing companies and related technology research institutions. Intense competition for these personnel could cause our compensation costs to increase, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Our future success and ability to grow our business will depend in part on the continued service of these individuals and our ability to identify, hire and retain additional qualified personnel. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified employees, we may not be able to meet our business and financial goals.

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***We are heavily dependent upon the services of experienced personnel who possess skills that are valuable in our industry, and we may have to actively compete for their services.***

We are heavily dependent upon our ability to attract, retain and motivate skilled personnel to serve our customers. Many of our personnel possess skills that would be valuable to all companies engaged in our industry. Consequently, we expect that we will have to actively compete for these employees. Some of our competitors may be able to pay our employees more than we are able to pay to retain them. Our ability to profitably operate is substantially dependent upon our ability to locate, hire, train and retain our personnel. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain our current personnel, or that we will be able to attract and assimilate other personnel in the future. If we are unable to effectively obtain and maintain skilled personnel, the development and quality of our services could be materially impaired.

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***If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, it could harm our business and competitive position.***

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and non-disclosure agreements and other methods to protect our intellectual property rights. We own various patents in China covering our pipe and fitting production technology.

The process of seeking patent protection can be lengthy and expensive, our patent applications may fail to result in patents being issued, and our existing and future patents may be insufficient to provide us with meaningful protection or commercial advantage. Our patents and patent applications may also be challenged, invalidated or circumvented.

We also rely on trade secret rights to protect our business through non-disclosure provisions in employment agreements with employees. If our employees breach their non-disclosure obligations, we may not have adequate remedies in China, and our trade secrets may become known to our competitors.

Implementation of PRC intellectual property-related laws has historically been lacking, primarily because of ambiguities in the PRC laws and enforcement difficulties. Accordingly, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in China may not be as effective as in the United States or other western countries. Furthermore, policing unauthorized use of proprietary technology is difficult and expensive, and we may need to resort to litigation to enforce or defend patents issued to us or to determine the enforceability, scope and validity of our proprietary rights or those of others. Such litigation and an adverse determination in any such litigation, if any, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention, which could harm our business and competitive position.

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***We may be exposed to intellectual property infringement and other claims by third parties which, if successful, could disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.***

Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to use and develop our technology and know-how without infringing third party intellectual property rights. If we sell our branded products internationally, and as litigation becomes more common in China, we face a higher risk of being the subject of claims for intellectual property infringement, invalidity or indemnification relating to other parties proprietary rights. Our current or potential competitors, many of which have substantial resources and have made substantial investments in competing technologies, may have or may obtain patents that will prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use or sell our branded products in either China or other countries, including the United States and other countries in Asia. In addition, the defense of intellectual property suits, including patent infringement suits, and related legal and administrative proceedings can be both costly and time consuming and may significantly divert the efforts and resources of our technical and management personnel. Furthermore, an adverse determination in any such litigation or proceedings to which we may become a party could cause us to:

● pay damage awards;

● seek licenses from third parties;

● pay ongoing royalties;

● redesign our branded products; or

● be restricted by injunctions,

each of which could effectively prevent us from pursuing some or all of our business and result in our customers or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase or use of our branded products, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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***We are susceptible to general economic conditions, natural catastrophic events and public health crises, market downturns and changes in supply chains and sales demand could adversely affect our operating results.***

Our operating results will be subject to fluctuations based on general economic conditions, in particular those conditions that impact graphite products industry. Deterioration in economic conditions could cause decreases in both retail and wholesale trade volume and reduce and/or negatively impact our short-term ability to grow our revenues. Further, any decreased collectability of accounts receivable or early termination of agreements due to deterioration in economic conditions could negatively impact our results of operations.

Furthermore, our business is subject to the impact of natural catastrophic events such as earthquakes, floods or power outages, political crises such as terrorism or war, and public health crises, such as disease outbreaks, epidemics, or pandemics in the U.S. and global economies, our markets and business locations.

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***An insufficient amount of insurance could expose us to significant costs and business disruption.***

While we have purchased insurance to cover our certain assets and property of our business, the amounts and scope of coverage could leave our business inadequately protected from loss. If we were to incur substantial losses or liabilities due to fire, explosions, floods, other natural disasters or accidents or business interruption, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

***The report of our independent registered public accounting firm contains an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern***.

Our independent registered public accounting firm's report contains an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a "going concern." As reflected in the consolidated financial statements, we have incurred net losses of $4,015,330, $2,783,566 and $61,290,390 for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We have accumulated deficits amounted to $54,433,757 as of September 30, 2025. Net cash provided by operating activities was $736,397 for the year ended September 30, 2025. These conditions raise substantial doubts about our ability to continue as a going concern.

In order to continue as a going concern, we will need to access further capital and develop our business to improve profitability. In order to strengthen our liquidity in the foreseeable future, we have negotiated with banks in advance for renewal and obtaining new banking facilities, taken various cost control measures to reduce costs of operations, and implemented various strategies to enhance sales and profitability. However, there can be no assurance that these plans and arrangements will be sufficient to fund our ongoing capital expenditure, working capital, and other requirements.

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**Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares**

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***Our ordinary shares may be delisted under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years. The delisting of our ordinary shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.***

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act states if the SEC determines that a company has filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit such securities from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the United States.

On March 24, 2021, the SEC announced that it had adopted interim final amendments to implement congressionally mandated submission and disclosure requirements of the Act. The interim final amendments will apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report on Forms 10-K, 20-F, 40-F or N-CSR with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in that jurisdiction. The SEC will implement a process for identifying such a registrant and any such identified registrant will be required to submit documentation to the SEC establishing that it is not owned or controlled by a governmental entity in that foreign jurisdiction, and will also require disclosure in the registrants annual report regarding the audit arrangements of, and governmental influence on, such a registrant.

On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and on December 29, 2022, a legislation entitled Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (the Consolidated Appropriations Act) was signed into law by President Biden, which contained, among other things, an identical provision to the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and amended the HFCA Act by requiring the SEC to prohibit an issuers securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three, thus reducing the time period for triggering the prohibition on trading.

On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the HFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the HFCAA, whether the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction.

On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions.

On December 16, 2021, SEC announced that the PCAOB designated China and Hong Kong as the jurisdictions where the PCAOB is not allowed to conduct full and complete audit inspections as mandated under the HFCAA.

On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it had signed a Statement of Protocol (the SOP) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of China. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigations (together, the SOP Agreement), establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law.

On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB Board vacated its previous 2021 determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainties and depends on a number of factors out of our and our auditors control. The PCAOB continues to demand complete access in mainland China and Hong Kong moving forward and is making plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond, as well as to continue pursuing ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB has also indicated that it will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations with the HFCAA if needed.

Neither ZK International nor any of its subsidiaries has been identified and we do not expect ZK International or any of its subsidiaries to be identified by the Commission under the HFCAA. Our current auditor, Fortune CPA, Inc., is headquartered in Orange, Californoia, and is not subject to inspection by the PCAOB as of the date of this annual report. Our previous auditor, ZH CPA, LLC, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this annual report, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess our auditors compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is based in Denver Colorado and is subject to inspection by the PCAOB on a regular basis, with the latest inspection completed in January 2021.

However, recent developments with respect to audits of China-based companies create uncertainty about the ability of Fortune CPA, Inc. or ZH CPA, LLC to fully cooperate with the PCAOBs request for audit workpapers without the approval of the Chinese authorities. We cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditors audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements. It remains unclear what the SECs implementation process related to the above rules will entail or what further actions the SEC, the PCAOB or Nasdaq will take to address these issues and what impact those actions will have on U.S. companies that have significant operations in the PRC and have securities listed on a U.S. stock exchange. In addition, the above amendments and any additional actions, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could create some uncertainty for investors, the market price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected. In the event it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely the Company's auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction, then such lack of inspection could cause trading in the Company's securities to be prohibited under the HFCAA, and ultimately result in a determination by a securities exchange to delist the Company's securities. If we cannot engage a new auditor within a reasonable time under reasonable terms, our ordinary shares may be delisted, and the price of our ordinary shares may significantly decrease or become worthless.

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***We are an emerging growth company, and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our ordinary shares less attractive to investors.***

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although we could lose that status sooner if our revenues exceed $1 billion, if we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period, or if the market value of our Ordinary Shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31. We cannot predict if investors will find our Ordinary Shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Ordinary Shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Ordinary Shares and our stock price may be more volatile.

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***Our officers/directors have entered into an agreement to vote in concert, which provides control over majority of our Ordinary Shares and increases our influence on shareholder decisions.***

ZK International was incorporated on May 13, 2015 under the laws BVI, with 100% of the founding shares held by Kai Chun Cheng. On the same date, Jiancong Huang, Mingjie Wang, Guolin Wang, Jiandi Wang and Yangming Wang entered into an agreement to vote in concert in ZK International with Mr. Huang appointed as proxy effective completion of transfer of the ordinary shares held by Mr. Cheng. Pursuant to the agreement, which has a term of 20 years from its effective date of May 13, 2015, if the parties are unable to reach a unanimous consent in relation to the matters requiring action in concert, a decision made by more than 50% of the voting rights of the parties will be deemed a decision unanimously passed by all parties and will be binding on all parties. On July 29, 2015, Mr. Cheng entered into equity interest transfer agreements with and transferred to these individuals 45%, 20%, 20%, 10% and 5%, respectively, of ZK Internationals equity interest on October 12, 2015. All of these individuals are officers or directors of ZK International and/or our operating entity Zhejiang Zhengkang. As of the date of this annual report, our officers and/or directors beneficially own approximately 24% of our outstanding shares. As a result, our officers and directors will possess substantial ability to impact our management and affairs and the outcome of matters submitted to shareholders for approval. These shareholders, acting individually or as a group, could exert control and substantial influence over matters such as electing directors and approving mergers or other business combination transactions. This concentration of ownership and voting power may also discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our Ordinary Shares. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders.

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***As a foreign private issuer, our disclosure obligations differ from those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. As a result, we may not provide you the same information as U.S. domestic reporting companies or we may provide information at different times, which may make it more difficult for you to evaluate our performance and prospects.***

We are a foreign private issuer and, as a result, we are not subject to the same requirements as U.S. domestic issuers. Under the Exchange Act, we will be subject to reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. For example, we will not be required to issue quarterly reports or proxy statements. We will not be required to disclose detailed individual executive compensation information. Furthermore, our directors and executive officers will not be required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Exchange Act and will not be subject to the insider short-swing profit disclosure and recovery regime.

As a foreign private issuer, we will also be exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups of investors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. However, we will still be subject to the anti-fraud and anti-manipulation rules of the SEC, such as Rule 10b-5 under the Exchange Act. Since many of the disclosure obligations imposed on us as a foreign private issuer differ from those imposed on U.S. domestic reporting companies, you should not expect to receive the same information about us and at the same time as the information provided by U.S. domestic reporting companies.

***As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to, and did follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of otherwise applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements, which may result in less protection than is accorded to investors under rules applicable to domestic U.S. issuers.***

As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to and did follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of those otherwise required under the applicable rules of the Nasdaq Capital Market for domestic U.S. issuers, provided that we disclose the requirements we are not following and describe the home country practices we are following. We have elected to follow home country practice in British Virgin Islands in lieu of Nasdaq Capital Market Listing Rule 5600 with the exception of those rules which are required to be followed pursuant to the provisions of Listing Rule 5615(a)(3). See Item 16G. Corporate Governance. Following our home country governance practices as opposed to the requirements that would otherwise apply to a U.S. company listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market may provide less protection to you than what is accorded to investors under the applicable rules of the Nasdaq Capital Market applicable to domestic U.S. issuers.

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***If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our Ordinary Shares may decline.***

As a public company, we are required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in such internal control. In addition, beginning with this annual report on Form 20-F, we are required to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We are in the process of designing, implementing, and testing the internal control over financial reporting required to comply with this obligation, which process is time consuming, costly, and complicated. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting beginning with our annual report on Form 20-F following the date on which we are no longer an emerging growth company. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting when required, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our Ordinary Shares could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

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***The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management's attention.***

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of the securities exchange on which we list, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Despite recent reforms made possible by the JOBS Act, compliance with these rules and regulations will nonetheless increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources, particularly after we are no longer an emerging growth company. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and operating results.

As a result of disclosure of information in filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which we believe may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business and operating results could be harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and adversely affect our business, brand and reputation and results of operations.

We also expect that being a public company and these new rules and regulations will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.

***We have incurred and will continue to incur additional costs as a result of becoming a public company, which could negatively impact our net income and liquidity.***

As a public company, we have incurred and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, Sarbanes-Oxley and rules and regulations implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Capital Market require significantly heightened corporate governance practices for public companies. We expect that these rules and regulations will increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs and will make many corporate activities more time-consuming and costly.

We do not expect to incur materially greater costs as a result of becoming a public company than those incurred by similarly sized U.S. public companies. If we fail to comply with these rules and regulations, we could become the subject of a governmental enforcement action, investors may lose confidence in us and the market price of our Ordinary Shares could decline.

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***The obligation to disclose information publicly may put us at a disadvantage to competitors that are private companies.***

We are a publicly listed company in the United States. As a publicly listed company, we will be required to file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission upon the occurrence of matters that are material to our company and shareholders. In some cases, we will need to disclose material agreements or results of financial operations that we would not be required to disclose if we were a private company. Our competitors may have access to this information, which would otherwise be confidential. This may give them advantages in competing with our company. Similarly, as a U.S.-listed public company, we will be governed by U.S. laws that our competitors, which are mostly private Chinese companies, are not required to follow. To the extent compliance with U.S. laws increases our expenses or decreases our competitiveness against such companies, our public listing could affect our results of operations.

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***We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.***

We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our Ordinary Shares if the market price of our Ordinary Shares increases.

***British Virgin Islands companies may not be able to initiate shareholder derivative actions, thereby depriving shareholders of the ability to protect their interests.***

British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States. The circumstances in which any such action may be brought, and the procedures and defenses that may be available in respect to any such action, may result in the rights of shareholders of a British Virgin Islands company being more limited than those of shareholders of a company organized in the United States. Accordingly, shareholders may have fewer alternatives available to them if they believe that corporate wrongdoing has occurred. The British Virgin Islands courts are also unlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law; and to impose liabilities against us, in original actions brought in the British Virgin Islands, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature. There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands will generally recognize and enforce the non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits. This means that even if shareholders were to sue us successfully, they may not be able to recover anything to make up for the losses suffered.

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***The laws of the British Virgin Islands provide little protection for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will have little or no recourse if they are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.***

Under the law of the British Virgin Islands, there is little statutory law for the protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Business Companies Act (the BVI Act**)** dealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protection under statutory law is that shareholders may bring an action to enforce the Company's memorandum and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordance with the general law and the Company's memorandum and articles of association.

There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law of the British Virgin Islands for business companies is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse to interfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the Company's affairs by the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and the constituent documents of the corporation. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions of the Company's memorandum and articles of association, then the courts will grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are the following: (1) an act complained of which is outside the scope of the authorized business or is illegal or not capable of ratification by the majority; (2) acts that constitute fraud on the minority where the wrongdoers control the company; (3) acts that infringe on the personal rights of the shareholders, such as the right to vote; and (4) where the company has not complied with provisions requiring approval of a special or extraordinary majority of shareholders, which are more limited than the rights afforded minority shareholders under the laws of many states in the United States.

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***Volatility in our ordinary share price may subject us to securities litigation.***

The market for our ordinary share may have, when compared to seasoned issuers, significant price volatility and we expect that the price of our ordinary shares may continue to be more volatile than that of a seasoned issuer for the indefinite future. In the past, plaintiffs have often initiated securities class action litigation against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. We may, in the future, be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and liabilities to the Company and could divert our managements attention and resources.

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***The market price of the Company's ordinary shares may continue to be volatile.***

The trading price of our ordinary shares has been volatile and could continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, our ordinary shares have traded at a low of $0.82 and a high of $6.3 irrespective of our operating performance and with no discernible announcements or developments by the company or third parties. We may incur rapid and substantial decreases in our stock price in the foreseeable future that are unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. The stock market in general and the market for companies such as us in particular have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in our ordinary shares. A decline in the market price of our ordinary shares also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional shares or other of our securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. Factors affecting the trading price of the Company's ordinary shares may include:

● actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us;

● changes in the markets expectations about our operating results;

● the success of competitors;

● our operating results failing to meet the expectation of securities analysts or investors in a particular period;

● changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts concerning the Company or the lending market in general;

● operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors deem comparable to the Company;

● our ability to market new and enhanced services on a timely basis;

● changes in laws and regulations affecting our business;

● commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving the Company;

● the Company's ability to access the capital markets as needed;

● changes in the Company's capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt;

● the volume of our ordinary shares available for public sale;

● any major change in our board or management;

● sales of substantial amounts of ordinary shares by our directors, executive officers or significant shareholders or the perception that such sales could occur; and

● general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, international currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism.

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***A possible short squeeze due to a sudden increase in demand of our ordinary shares that largely exceeds supply may lead to additional price volatility.***

Historically there has not been a large short position in our ordinary shares. However, in the future investors may purchase our ordinary shares to hedge existing exposure or to speculate on the price of our ordinary share. Speculation on the price of our ordinary shares may involve long and short exposures. To the extent an aggregate short exposure in our ordinary shares becomes significant, investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to purchase shares for delivery to share lenders at times if and when the price of our ordinary shares increases significantly, particularly over a short period of time. Those purchases may in turn, dramatically increase the price of our ordinary shares. This is often referred to as a short squeeze. A short squeeze could lead to volatile price movements in our ordinary shares that are not directly correlated to our business prospects, financial performance or other traditional measures of value for the Company or its ordinary shares.

***If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, we face possible suspension of trading and delisting, which would result in a limited public market for our shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.***

On February 15, 2024, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff of Nasdaq indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of the ordinary shares, the Company was not in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share (the Minimum Bid Price Requirement) for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). At that time, the Company was provided a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until August 13, 2024, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A).

On August 14, 2024, the Company received a written notice from Nasdaq (the August 2024 Notice) stating that, although the Company had not regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement by August 13, 2024, in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company is eligible for an additional 180 calendar day period, or until February 10, 2025, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). To regain compliance, the closing bid price of the Company's ordinary shares must meet or exceed $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days during this 180-day period.

On January 14, 2025, the board of directors of the Company approved a reverse share split ratio of 1-for-7 (the "**Reverse Share Split**"). The Reverse Share Split was accomplished on January 31, 2025. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement or will otherwise be in compliance with other Nasdaq listing criteria.

Effective October 19, 2025, Hedong Xu resigned from our Board of Directors and Audit Committee. Prior to his resignation, Mr. Xu served as Chair of the Audit Committee, Chair of the Compensation Committee, and a member of the Nomination Committee, the Governance and Human Resource Committee and the Enterprise Risk Oversight Committee of the Company, and had been determined by the Board to be an "audit committee financial expert" in accordance with SEC rules and a "financially sophisticated audit committee member" under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A). Following the resignation of Mr. Xu, none of the current members of the Audit Committee are a "financially sophisticated audit committee member" under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A). The Board of Directors is actively working on identifying and appointing a qualified and capable new independent director who also meets the criteria of an "audit committee financial expert" and is a "financially sophisticated audit committee member" under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A). There can be no assurances that we will identify or appoint such a director, or be able to maintain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A) or, if we fall out of compliance, regain compliance with any deficiency, or if we implement an option that regains our compliance, maintain compliance thereafter.

If we fail to maintain compliance with Nasdaq's listing rules, our ordinary shares could be subject to suspension and delisting. If the ordinary shares loses its listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the ordinary shares would likely trade in the over-the-counter market. If the ordinary shares were to trade on the over-the-counter market, selling the ordinary shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event the ordinary shares are delisted, broker-dealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in the ordinary shares, further limiting the liquidity of such shares. A determination that the ordinary shares constitute a penny stock would require brokers trading in the ordinary shares to adhere to even more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for the ordinary shares. These factors could result in lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for the ordinary shares. Such delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market and continued or further declines in the price of shares of the ordinary shares could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing, and could significantly increase the ownership dilution to stockholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.

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**ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY**

**4. A. History and development of the company**

Wenzhou Weijia Pipeline Development Co., Ltd. (Wenzhou Weijia) was incorporated on June 17, 2015 under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China. A wholly-owned subsidiary of ZK Pipe and a wholly foreign-owned entity under the PRC laws, Wenzhous principal activities of Wenzhou Weijia including (i) technical research, (ii) technical service and sales of metal pipe and fittings, (iii) technical service and sales of light industry machinery and (iv) equipment imports and exports of goods and technology.

Wenzhou Zhengfeng Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. or formerly known as Wenzhou Zhengfeng Steel Strip Co., Ltd. (Wenzhou Zhengfeng) was incorporated on December 24, 1999 under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China. Wenzhou Zhengfengs registered and paid in capital is RMB 2,880,000. Through equity transfers, Wenzhou Zhengfeng is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Zhejiang Zhengkang and its principal activity is trading of steel strip that are mainly purchased from Zhejiang Zhengkang.

xSigma Corporation (xSigma Corporation) was incorporated on January 18, 2018 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. Xsigma Corporation is 51% owned by ZK International. xSigma Corporation does not have any material operations as of the date of this annual report.

xSigma Collectibles Limited (xSigma Collectibles) was incorporated on July 6, 2021 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. xSigma Collectibles is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ZK International. xSigma Collectibles does not have any material operations as of the date of this annual report.

xSigma Entertainment Limited (xSigma Entertainment) was incorporated on March 17, 2021 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. xSigma Entertainment is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ZK International. xSigma Entertainment does not have any material operations as of the date of this annual report.

xSigma Trading, LLC (xSigma Trading, LLC) was formed on June 7, 2021 in Delaware company. xSigma Trading is a wholly-owned subsidiary of xSigma Corporation. xSigma Trading, LLC does not have any material operations as of the date of this annual report.

ZK International Uganda Limited (ZK Uganda) was incorporated on March 23, 2018 under the laws of the Republic of Uganda. ZK Uganda is 80% owned by ZK International, and is currently not engaging in any business but is actively bidding on governmental infrastructural projects in Uganda to seek expansion opportunities that would complement and diversify the current business operations of the Company.

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ZK Pipe Industry Co., Ltd. (ZK Pipe) was incorporated on May 28, 2015 under the law of Hong Kong SAR. ZK Pipe is 40% owned by ZK International and 60% owned by Kai Chun Cheng initially. On August 5, 2015, Mr. Cheng transferred all of his equity in ZK Pipe to ZK International, making ZK Pipe a wholly-owned subsidiary of ZK International. The registered principal activities of ZK Pipe including technical research of metal pipe and fittings, metal take-up valve plumbing and water purifying plant, as well as importing and exporting of goods.

Zhejiang Zhengkang Industrial Co., Ltd., or formerly known as Wenzhou Yafei Valve Manufacturing Co. Ltd (Zhejiang Zhengkang) was incorporated on December 4, 2001 under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China. Zhejiang Zhengkangs registered and paid in capital is RMB 20,000,000. Through equity transfers, Wenzhou Weijia holds 99% of the equity interest of Zhejiang Zhengkang, with the remaining 1% held by our Chairman, Jiancong Huang. The principal activities of Zhejiang Zhengkang include (i) manufacturing and sales of stainless steel band, copper strip, welded stainless steel pipes and fittings, pipe fittings, valve, light industry machinery and equipment and other stainless steel products and (ii) imports and exports of goods and technology.

Hongyun (Wenzhou) Global Trading Limited. (Hongyun) was incorporated on November 15, 2021 in Wenzhou under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China. The principal activities of Hongyun is trading of nickel materials.

Wenzhou Suona Piping Limited. (Suona) was incorporated on October 29, 2021 in Wenzhou under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China and is a 99% owned subsidiary of Wenzhou Weijia. The principal activities of Suona is trading of nickel materials.

**4. B.Business Overview** 

We primarily conduct our business through our subsidiary Zhejiang Zhengkang in China. Our core business focuses on providing systematic solutions to construction projects that require sophisticated piping systems. Leveraging our experience in the industry, we offer urban planners and real estate developers sophisticated pipe and fitting products and engineering expertise, enabling them to bring communities reliable and durable gas and water transmission systems. Our products are primarily sold in China, but are also exported and distributed in Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia. We have received numerous awards and recognitions domestically and internationally. Located within the Wenzhou Binhai Industrial Park, a national economic development zone, our facility occupies approximately five acres, consisting of business offices, manufacturing plants, a research and development center and storage facilities.

We specialize in designing and producing pipes and fittings such as double-press thin-walled stainless steel tubes and fittings, carbon steel tubes and fittings and single-press tubes and fittings. Focused on the innovation and expansion of our products to meet the specific needs of our clients, we believe that we are a leading manufacturer and engineer of high-performance stainless steel pipes. Our products offer a comprehensive suite of superior solutions for use in the construction and infrastructure industries. Our innovative products are used in a broad range of applications, including water and gas transmission within urban infrastructural development, residential housing development, food and beverage production, oil and gas exploitation, and agricultural irrigation. Since Zhejiang Zhengkangs founding in 2001, we have developed an array of patented pipe and fitting products that have been marketed and distributed both domestically and internationally.

We promote our brand through our sales staff, distributors, trade shows, trade fairs, forums, direct communications with potential customers, business networks, and the internet. In addition, we tailor our products to the needs of our clients and provide our clients with competitive pricing to establish long-term business relationships. We take pride in the cutting-edge technology and superb quality of our products, which have received recognitions such as the ISO9001 Quality Management System Certification, ISO14001 Environmental Management System Certification, and National Industrial Stainless Steel Production License, among other awards and honors. Our products have been used in well-known facilities such as Olympic stadiums, multinational hotel chains, and mega-sized apartment complexes.

Safety, quality and productivity are three pillars of the operations of the PRC subsidiaries and the hallmarks of our success. In the past year, we experienced another year of outstanding safety performance while continuing to improve safety standard for our workforce. We also plan to transform our value proposition from strictly being a product supplier to a solution provider, aiming to deliver both high-quality products and complete engineering solutions to our clients. We have compiled a team of engineers and pipe network designers who will work closely with the manufacturing team to respond to clients special construction demands, create rapid prototypes of our solutions, and enhance the utility of our products based on clients feedback. This work flow could also significantly improve the efficiency and performance of our engineers.

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**Settlement with CG Malta Holding Limited**

xSigma Entertainment holds 15.73% ownership of CG Malta Holding Limited (CG Malta). On November 27, 2023, the Company and xSigma Entertainment entered into a settlement agreement with CG Malta, the shareholder who holds the remainder ownership of CG Malta (the CG Malta Shareholder), a subsidiary of CG Malta (CG Malta Subsidiary), and a third party (collectively, the Parties). Pursuant to the settlement agreement, the Parties agreed to release, acquit and discharge any and all actions, claims, rights, demands, and set-offs arising out of or connected with (i) a written shareholders agreement entered into by and among CG Malta, the CG Malta Shareholder and xSigma Entertainment in or about March 2021 for the purposes of, inter alia, regulating the CG Malta Shareholder and xSigma Entertainments relationship as shareholders of CG Malta, (ii) a written subscription for shares agreement entered into by and among CG Malta, the CG Malta Shareholder and xSigma Entertainment on or about April 4, 2021, pursuant to which, xSigma Entertainment agreed to subscribe for, and CG Malta agreed to issue and allot to xSigma Entertainment, additional shares in CG Malta on the terms and subject to the conditions contained therein; (iii) a dispute between the end of 2022 and beginning of 2023 between CG Malta, the CG Malta Shareholder, xSigma Entertainment and the Company relating to the financial position of CG Malta in connection with the dissolution and consequential winding-up of CG Malta (the Dispute); (iv) the underlying facts relating to the Dispute; (v) any other agreement between or act by the Parties or any of them; and (vi) any other matter arising out of or connected with the relationship between the Parties (collectively, the Settlements). In exchange for the Settlements, CG Malta Subsidiary transferred and assigned certain software to xSigma Entertainment on November 27, 2023 and the CG Malta Shareholder secured an independent third party investor to invest US$5 million into the Company at preferential terms.

**Private Placements and Securities Purchase Agreement**

On November 27, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with an investor, pursuant to which the investor agreed to purchase and the Company agreed to issue and sell US$5 million of ordinary shares of the Company (the "**Private Placement**"). The Private Placement was completed in three subscriptions with the initial subscription in the amount of US$1.5 million (the "**Initial Subscription Amount**") to be paid within three business days from the date of the securities purchase agreement (the "**Initial Subscription Date**"), the second subscription in the amount of not less than US$2 million and up to $3.5 million (the "**Second Subscription Amount**") to be paid on or before the 60th day from the Initial Subscription Date (the "**Second Subscription Date**"), and the third subscription in the amount equal to $5,000,000 minus the aggregate amount of the Initial Subscription Amount and Second Subscription Amount (the "**Third Subscription Amount**") to be paid on or before the 60th day from the Second Subscription Date (the "**Third Subscription Date**"). The Company agreed to issue, upon receiving the Initial Subscription Amount, the Second Subscription Amount and the Third Subscription Date, such number of ordinary shares that equal the sum of (i) the Initial Subscription Amount divided by $1.70, which is 185% of the higher of (x) the closing bid price as of the trading day immediately prior to the date of the securities purchase agreement (the "**Initial Bid Price**") and (y) the average closing bid price during the five trading days immediately prior to the date of the securities purchase agreement, (ii) the Second Subscription Amount divided by 175% of the higher of (x) the Initial Bid Price, (y) the closing bid price as of the trading day immediately prior to the Second Subscription Date, and (z) the average closing bid price during the five trading days immediately prior to the Second Subscription Date, and (iii) the Third Subscription Amount divided by 165% of the higher of (x) the Initial Bid Price, (y) the closing bid price as of the trading day immediately prior to the Third Closing Date, and (z) the average closing bid price during the five trading days immediately prior to the Third Subscription Date. The Private Placement was exempted from the registration requirements of the Securities Act under Regulation S.

The Private Placement was facilitated by Univest Securities, LLC. Univest Securities, LLC received a commission in the amount of US$150,000.

On April 29, 2024, the Company issued 3,154,885 ordinary shares and closed the Private Placement upon receipt of the full subscription amount of the Private Placement.

On October 20, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain Non-U.S. investors pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the purchasers an aggregate of 10,010,000 ordinary shares, no par value per share, of the Company at a price of $2.09 per share. The Company and the purchasers each made customary representations, warranties, and covenants in the a purchase agreement. The transaction closed on November 14, 2025 where the Company issued an aggregate of 10,010,000 Ordinary Shares for an aggregate consideration of $20,920,900.

**Securities Purchase Agreement**

On July 12, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "**Securities Purchase Agreement**") with Recruiter.Com Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: RCRT) (the Target), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 2,000,000 shares of common stock of the Target at a price of US$1.00 per share (the "**Investment**"). The Company has an option to purchase additional 2,000,000 shares at $1.00 per share.

The Securities Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of the Company and the Target, indemnification obligations of the parties, and other obligations and rights of the parties.

In addition, on July 12, 2024, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the "**Registration Rights Agreement**") with the Target such that the Target shall prepare and, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 150 days after the Closing Date (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement), file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement), provided that such registration statement shall include all of the Registrable Securities as of the date such registration statement is initially filed with the Commission; provided further that if Form S-3 is unavailable for such a registration of all the Registrable Securities, the Company shall use such other form as is required therein.

On September 11, 2024, the Company completed the first closing of the Investment, and the Target issued a total of 1,749,975 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, to the Company, at US$1.00 per share. The shares of common stock of the Target issued in connection with the Investment have not been registered under the Securities Act, and are exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, pursuant to Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act.

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**Reverse Share Split**

On January 14, 2025, the board of directors of the Company approved a reverse share split ratio of 1-for-7. The Reverse Share Split was accomplished on January 31, 2025. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Markets continued listing requirements. If we fail to maintain compliance with Nasdaq's listing rules, our ordinary shares could be subject to suspension and delisting. If the ordinary shares loses its listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the ordinary shares would likely trade in the over-the-counter market. See Item 3. Key Information - 3.D Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, we face possible suspension of trading and delisting, which would result in a limited public market for our shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.

**2025 Equity Incentive Plan**

On August 20, 2025, the Company adopted a 2025 equity incentive plan (the "2025 Equity Incentive Plan") to motivate, attract and retain directors, consultants or key employees to exert their best efforts on behalf of the Company and link their personal interests to those of the Company's shareholders. The 2025 Equity Incentive Plan has a maximum number of 650,000 ordinary shares of the Company available for issuance pursuant to all awards under the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan.

On October 21, 2025, the Company issued an aggregate of 650,000 ordinary shares, with no par value per share, of the Company, pursuant to the Company's 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, of which, 63,000 Shares were issued to Di Chen, our Secretary, and 587,000 Shares were issued to certain other employees, as compensation for their continued service in the Company. The 587,000 Shares issued to such other employees were issued pursuant to a Company's registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-289802) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2025.

**Stock-based Compensation**

On April 15, 2025, the Company issued 400,000 shares pursuant to a business consulting agreement the Company entered into. The fair value of the shares issued had an estimated fair value of $358,360 which is measured based on their fair market value on the date of grant. On May 06, 2025, the Company issued 500,000 shares pursuant to a investor relations agreement the Company entered into. The fair value of the shares issued had an estimated fair value of $530,000 which is measured based on their fair market value on the date of grant. On May 06, 2025, the Company issued 500,000 shares pursuant to a investor relations agreement the Company entered into. The fair value of the shares issued had an estimated fair of $530,000 which is measured based on their fair market value on the date of grant. On September 08, 2025, the Company issued 300,000 shares pursuant to a business development agreement the Company entered into. The fair value of the shares issued had an estimated fair value of $558,000 which is measured based on their fair market value on the date of grant.

**Change of Directors and Officers**

Effective October 3, 2025, Mr. Jiancong Huang resigned as Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Mr. Huang continues to serve as Chairman of the Board of Directors. Effective October 3, 2025, Mr. Guolin Wang and Mr. Lie Cao resigned as directors of the Company. Effective October 3, 2025, the Board of Directors appointed Mr. Ruihong Ma and Ms. Yannan Chuai as directors of the Company and Mr. Ma was also appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Company effective the same date.

Effective October 19, 2025, Mr. Hedong Xu and Ms. Linge Zhou resigned as directors of the Company. Effective October 20, 2025, the Board appointed Mr. Tiesheng Zhang and Mr. Ran An as the directors of the Company.

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**Our Products and Services**

We currently operate one reportable segment: a manufacturing segment primarily engaged in the design, manufacture and sale of stainless steel pipes, fittings, and related products used in a variety of industries. We previously operated a technology segment consisting of distributed finance and blockchain-related digital assets initiatives and other emerging businesses.

**Manufacturing Segment - Stainless Steel Pipe**

Our products focus primarily on the drinking water and gas transmission industries, while a minor portion of revenue is generated from the pharmaceutical, medical, food and beverage industries. Produced from different stages of our production line, our steel products can be broken down and sold as the following parts and components:

● Steel Strip: We manufacture carbon steel and stainless steel strip for sale to traditional manufacturers who are not in the pipe and fitting industry and for our own internal use in the production of our pipes and fittings. Our ability to produce steel strip in-house allows us to ensure the quality and consistency of our pipe and fitting products.

● Steel Pipe: Our carbon steel and stainless steel pipes are primarily used in water and gas transmission systems. Carbon steel pipes are generally stronger than stainless steel, and therefore are typically used in applications that require high-pressure resistance, such as gas transmission and fire hydrants. Stainless steel pipes, in contrast, are more corrosion resistant and are commonly applied in cases that require clean transmission, such as drinking water and pharmaceutical liquid transmission.

● Light Gauge Stainless Steel Pipe (LGSSP): We have production lines specifically designed to produce LGSSP, which have 40% thinner walls than regular stainless steel pipes. The reduction in the thickness of the pipe wall leads to a reduced manufacturing cost and weight and enhances installation flexibility due to its smaller size. LGSSP is an affordable option for household plumbing systems that require easy installation.

● Pipe Connections and Fittings: We manufacture high-quality pipe connections and fittings that are used to connect pipes. Pipe fittings have wide applications for any piping and plumbing systems in both industrial and commercial applications. Fittings allow pipes to be joined or installed in the appropriate place and terminated or closed where necessary. We produce fittings in various shapes and sizes, with more than 10,000 different specifications. As most leakages are caused by misalignment or improper manufacture of connections and fittings, pipe connections and fittings, being the most crucial components of any piping system, require extremely precise production procedures. Depending on the purposes served, our pipe fittings can be categorized as follows:

● Pipe fittings to extend or terminate pipe runs: couplings, adapters, unions, caps and plugs pipe.

● Fittings to change a pipes direction: elbows, three-way fittings

● Pipe fittings to connect two or more pipes: tees, cross, side-inlet elbows, wyes

● Pipe fittings to change pipe size: reducers, bushings, couplings

● Pipe fitting tools: pipe fasteners

● Pipe flanges

Our connections and fittings segment has grown significantly during 2019. The increased proportion of our revenue generated by the connections and fittings segment reflects a shift in our manufacturing and marketing priority to this segment. We have shifted our focus to connections and fittings because we could offer more value-add to our products than pipe or strip. More importantly, providing quality products in this segment is more likely to help us retain clients as consistency and quality of joints and fittings plays a big role in reducing maintenance costs and leakage rates for the customers.

Pipe production is very competitive in China. In order to distinguish ourselves from the other competitors in the industry, we have employed a team of engineers specializing in network design, CAD drawing, and special prototyping of piping systems to help our customers create a systematic solution based on their piping needs.

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**Technology Segment - xSigma DeFi Project and xSigma Trading (*disposed*)**

In 2021, xSigma Corporation launched a decentralized finance (DeFi) protocol, a stablecoin exchange platform built on smart contract, and xSigma Trading, which includes trading platforms for CFD trading and crypto, crypto options and crypto derivatives trading.

The platforms were intended for internal use which is to provide services to customers and the Company does not have any plan to market the software for sales externally. In exchange of the development services provided, the Company paid consideration in the form of cash, stock and stock warrants, and all the costs incurred during the Application development Stage were capitalized pursuant to ASC 350-40-25.

During the fiscal year 2023, the Company evaluated the recoverability of the above-mentioned platforms, including Defi Exchange, xSigma Trading, and MaximNFT pursuant to ASC 360-10-35-21 and concluded that the carrying value of the three platforms may not be recoverable as it projects that the platform is likely to have continuing losses and its more likely than not this platform will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The Company wrote off the carrying value of the platform and recorded a loss of $10,346,769.

**Sales Channels and Long-Term Opportunities**

**Extensive Sales Network within China.** To market our products and brand to other regions within China, we have set up 48 sales representative posts in major cities across China by assigning our sales and engineer specialists to those regions to establish long-term business relationship with the local water and gas supply companies. In addition, we also have worked with 156 distributors across China to serve their local customers. This extensive sales network ensures our products and services are accessible in all of the cities within in 30 of the 34 provinces and territories in China.

**Strategic Partners.** Ther are many water and gas transmission companies in China, and it would be very time-consuming if we negotiate with each of them one by one on the terms of our order contract. To better market our products to these utility companies, we have invited some of them to conduct on-site visit to check our production facility, quality control protocols, production capability, and research and development capacity to demonstrate our value as a supplier compared to other competitors on the market. Once approved by these utility companies internal assessment teams, we will be pre-approved as their qualified supplier, which would exempt our company form their production inspection process when they place orders. We have been pre-approved as qualified supplier many companies. These companies present us with potential long term opportunities for large scale project, which would require a large volume of piping products over multiple years. In addition, we would be able to advantage of their business network. We currently do not directly supply to some of our partners and instead we rely on local distributors and wholesalers to deal with specific projects due to the complex of each project. However, to provide goodwill and value-add to our customers in addition to our quality products, we prioritize the production of their orders and plan to offer them with engineering advisory and post-sales maintenance services in the future. We also have staffed experienced engineers available to resolve any installation or maintenance issues that these end users may encounter.

**Customers and Suppliers**

 

*Customers*

For carbon and stainless steel pipe products, we principally target our marketing efforts toward those clients in the water and gas supply industries which require high quality specialty steel pipes and fittings with precise just-in-time delivery as most of our clients do not carry inventory, technical consultancy or post-sale support. Our enhanced product quality and delivery capabilities, as well as our emphasis on customer oriented technical support and product planning, are critical factors in our ability to serve this segment of the market. In the near future, as we begin to transform our business to both a product supplier and a solution provider, we expect that customers will enjoy using our products and working with engineers since our integrated approach is expected to help our customers reduce planning, installation and maintenance costs.

We find that primarily sold through distributors, our products are mostly embraced by two categories of end users: those within the water transmission industry and those within the gas transmission. Our clients scatter in diverse industries including, but not limited to, water treatment, real estate development, hospitality, hospital, gas supply, and school. We consider our major customers in each period to be those customers that accounted for more than 10% of overall revenues in such period. We had no major customer during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023.

 

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*Suppliers*

We consider our major vendors in each period to be those vendors that accounted for more than 10% of overall purchases in such period. We had two vendors during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, who collectively accounted for 50% of total purchases. We had two vendors during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, who collectively accounted for 51% of total purchases. We had two vendors during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, who collectively accounted for 52.21% of total purchases. We purchase from a variety of suppliers and believe these raw materials are widely available. If we were unable to purchase from our primary suppliers, we do not expect we would face difficulties in locating another supplier at substantially the same price. We have secure and efficient access to all the raw materials necessary for the production of our products. We believe our relationships with the suppliers of these raw materials are strong. While the prices of such raw materials may vary greatly from time to time, we believe we could hedge such risk by adjusting our price or absorb the higher cost at times if necessary. See Item 3. Key Information - 3.D Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Business and Industry The loss of any of our key vendors could have a materially adverse effect on our results of operations.

**Seasonality**

We have in the past experienced, and expect in the future to continue to experience, limited seasonal fluctuations in our revenues and sales as a result of the holiday season, weather and customers buying patterns. We recorded relatively lower revenue during Lunar New Year (normally in January or February) owing to fewer business activities in Mainland China. Besides, revenue in the summer months is relatively lower than in other periods throughout the year, as purchase orders and production level fell due to high temperature.

**Raw Material Sourcing**

We use various commercially available raw materials and components in our business, including carbon steel and stainless steel, which are key inputs in our manufacturing process. Our raw materials are sourced from multiple vendors and are not considered precious metals. Despite a volatile steel market and increased pricing pressure on stainless steel direct materials, we have employed strategic inventory purchases and negotiated fixed-price supply contracts to help mitigate the impact to our product cost and improve financial planning. See Item 3. Key Information - 3.D Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Business and Industry Any decline in the availability or increase in the cost of raw materials could materially affect our earnings and Our business could be materially harmed by the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

**Research and Development**

We are committed to researching and developing stainless steel products for use in all industries that need water and gas transmission systems. We believe scientific and technological innovations will help us achieve our long-term strategic objectives. The research and development efforts are an integral part of the operations of the PRC subsidiaries and the crux of our competitive advantage and differentiation strategy.

The Research and Development team consists of dedicated researchers and analysts focusing on mechanical design, mechatronics, CAD design, mold design and welding. Quality control is an important aspect of the teams work and ensuring quality at every stage of the process has been a key driver in maintaining and developing brand value for the Company.

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**Our Intellectual Property**

**Patent**

We rely on our technology patents to protect our domestic business interests and ensure our competitive position in our industry. The issued patents we hold are as follows:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **No.** | **Patent Name** | **Owner** | **Category** | **Patent Code.** | **Authorization<br> Date** |
| **1.** | Metal Pipe Cutting Device with Automatic Feeding Function | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL202410211482.9 | 02/14/2025 |
| **2.** | Snap-Type Pipe Connector | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL200810107992.2 | 08/31/2011 |
| **3.** | Automatic Head Machine for Elbow Fittings | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL200910097809.X | 09/08/2010 |
| **4.** | Multi-Station Semi-Automatic Forming Machine | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL201310251507.X | 08/26/2015 |
| **5.** | Fully Automatic Steel Pipe Leak Detection Machine | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL20141 0018933.3 | 03/02/2016 |
| **6.** | Automatic Stainless Steel Pipe Cutting Machine | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL202010026329N0 | 10/27/2020 |
| **7.** | Slant Tooth Pipe Material Transport and Separation Mechanism | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL202011260214.4 | 08/09/2022 |
| **8.** | Pipe Fitting Seal Ring Assembly Machine | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL201910426996.5 | 06/11/2024 |
| **9.** | Seal Ring Material Removal Device | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL201910427494.4 | 08/09/2024 |
| **10.** | Circular Hole Processing Device | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL202110911010.0 | 02/28/2025 |
| **11.** | Non-Standard Pipe Cutting and Hole Opening Device | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL202411448101.5 | 04/08/2025 |
| **12.** | Manifold Punching and Flanging Processing Equipment | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Invention Patent | ZL202511455040.X | 12/23/2025 |
| **13.** | Retention-Proof Domestic Water Pipeline Structure | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202421613759.2 | 05/16/2025 |
| **14.** | Electrochemical Corrosion Test Device for Metal Pipelines Under Stray Current | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202421680521.1 | 06/24/2025 |
| **15.** | Diameter Expansion and Deformation Device for Metal Pipe Fittings | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202421849283.2 | 07/04/2025 |
| **16.** | Full Bore Ball Valve | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202421920807.2 | 06/13/2025 |
| **17.** | Double Press-Fit Type Tee Flanging Device | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202422414208.X | 10/28/2025 |
| **18.** | Pipe Fitting with Warning Device Crimped Connector | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL201621486126.5 | 08/18/2017 |
| **19.** | Scissor-Type Crimping Pipe Fitting Electric Crimping Device | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL201821344500.7 | 04/12/2019 |
| **20.** | Three-Blade Crimping Pipe Fitting Electric Crimping Device | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL201821344486.0 | 04/23/2019 |
| **21.** | Pipe Fitting Sealing Ring Assembly Machine | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL 201920736197.3 | 02/21/2020 |
| **22.** | Seal Ring Material Handling Assembly Mechanism | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL201920743423.0 | 05/22/2019 |
| **23.** | High-Low Pressure Water and Gas Test Bench for Press-Fit Pipe Fittings | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202422414299.7 | 08/15/2025 |
| **24.** | Mechanical Arm for Pipe Fitting Clamping | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL201920736136.7 | 05/22/2019 |
| **25.** | Pipe Fitting Air Tightness Testing Machine | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL201921058423.3 | 07/08/2019 |
| **26.** | Multi-Function Go/No-Go Gauge | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL201921166274.2 | 07/23/2019 |
| **27.** | Pipe Fitting Connection Structure | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL201921232714.X | 08/01/2019 |
| **28.** | Pipe Fitting Connection Structure | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202120323924.0 | 02/04/2021 |
| **29.** | Pipe Fitting Processing Equipment | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202120349468.7 | 02/04/2021 |
| **30.** | Hydraulic Forming Device | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202120323586.0 | 02/04/2021 |
| **31.** | Angle Seat Valve | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202120323531.X | 02/04/2021 |
| **32.** | Pipe Surface Water Removal Device for Pipe Processing | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202320062496.X | 01/10/2023 |
| **33.** | Ultrasonic Cleaning Device for Pipe Fittings | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202320876626.0 | 04/19/2023 |
| **34.** | Multi-Function Pipe Marking Device for Multiple Specifications | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202323120991.0 | 11/20/2023 |
| **35.** | Multi-Purpose Non-Standard Pipe Laser Cutting Machine | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202323145311.0 | 11/22/2023 |
| **36.** | Stable Clamping Laser Head Positioning Machine | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202323173858.1 | 11/24/2023 |
| **37.** | Fast Material Feed Self-Centering Pipe Fitting Cutting Spindle Device | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Utility Model Patent | ZL202323190563.5 | 11/27/2023 |
| **38.** | Angle Seat Valve | Zhejiang Zhengkang | Design Patent | ZL202130132666.3 | 03/12/2021 |

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[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**Description of Chinese Patent Categories:**

**Invention patents**

As in Europe, this type of patent is granted for new technical solutions or improvements to a product or a process with practical applicability.

 

*Utility patents*

Granted for new technical solutions or improvement with a lower degree of inventiveness than Invention patents, i.e., products with a new shape or structural physical features. Utility Models are also sometimes called Utility Patents or Petty Patents in other countries.

 

*Design patents*

Granted for innovations in the external features of a product, encompassing any of the following features: Shape; Pattern; Shape and Pattern; Shape and Color; Shape, Pattern and Color. Innovations must also be fit for industrial application (i.e., specifically usable by industry, producible in batches, etc.).

**Trademarks**

In addition, we have the right to use the following trademark registrations issued in the PRC, all of which are held by the Zhejiang Zhengkang:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **No.** | **Registrant** | **Trademark** | **Category** | **Certificate<br> Code** | **Valid<br> Through** | **Application Area** |
| 1 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 6 | 4482840 | 2008.2.14-<br> 2028.2.13 | Metal Sheet and Plate, Metal Door Panel, Metal Binding Strap, Metal Flange, Metal Signboard, Metal Electrode |
| 2 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 6 | 5584098 | 2009.6.28-<br> 2029.6.27 | Metal Sheet and Plate, Metal Pipe, Metal Partition Board, Metal Door, Metal Lock, Metal Band Hoop, Metal Screws, Metal Signboard, Metal Flange, Metal Electrode |
| 3 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 6 | 5584100 | 2009.10.21-<br> 2029.10.20 | Metal Sheet and Plate, Metal Partition Board, Metal Binding Strap, Metal Screws, Metal Signboard, Metal Stretcher, Metal Electrode |
| 4 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 11 | 5584101 | 2009.8.14-<br> 2029.8.13 | Faucet, Pipe Tap, Water Distribution Equipment, Pipeline of Medical Equipment, Plumbing Pipe and Fitting, Water Drainage Equipment, Mixer Tap, Running Water Coordination Equipment |
| 5 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 6 | 5646751 | 2009.7.14-<br> 2029.7.13 | Metal Pipe, Steel Bar, Metal Signboard, Railway Metal Material, Metal Clip (for cable or pipe), Metal Mold, Metal Electrode, Iron Ores, Bronze Artwork, Metal Mooring Bollards |
| 6 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 41 | 7034175 | 2010.10.14-<br> 2030.10.13 | School (Education), Training, Meeting Arrangement, Book Publication, Club Service (Entertainment or Education), TV Program Production, Lottery |
| 7 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 39 | 7034176 | 2010.10.14-<br> 2030.10.13 | Transportation, Marine Transportation, Truck Transportation, Air Transportation, Car Rental, Storage, Express Delivery, Travelling Agency, Pipe Transportation |
| 8 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 28 | 7034178 | 2010.12.28-<br> 2030.12.27 | Christmas Tree with Synthetic Material, Fishing Tackle, Fishing Pole, Swimming Pool |
| 9 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 20 | 7034179 | 2010.10.28-<br> 2030.10.27 | Plastic Elbow Pipe, Glass Mirror, Non-metal Plate, Drinking Straw, Non-metal Furniture Component, Non-metal Door Component |

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[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 10 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 11 | 34035737 | 2019.11.14-<br> 2029.11.13 | Faucet, Pipe Tap, Water Distribution Equipment, Pipeline of Medical Equipment, Plumbing Pipe and Fitting, Water Drainage Equipment, Mixer Tap, Running Water Coordination Equipment |
| 11 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 17 | 7034181 | 2010.11.14-<br> 2030.11.13 | Synthetic Rubber, Synthetic Resin, Asbestos Sole, Electro Insulating Material, Package Rubber Bag, Firehose, Latex, Plexiglass |
| 12 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 12 | 7034182 | 2010.6.14-<br> 2030.6.13 | Railway Carriage Couplings, Air Pump, Small-size Vehicle, Bicycle, Aerial Conveyer, Luggage Carrier, Sleigh Car, Vehicle Tire, Ferry |
| 13 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 8 | 7034183 | 2010.10.7-<br> 2030.10.6 | Abrasive Tool, Garden Tool, Fish Spear, Shaver, Drills, Threader, Sculpting Tool, Scissor, Tableware |
| 14 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 42 | 7086004 | 2011.2.21-<br> 2031.2.20 | Land Vehicle, Meteorological Info, Vehicle Performance Inspection, Package Design, Interior Design |
| 15 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 7 | 7086005 | 2010.7.14-<br> 2030.7.13 | Vehicle Engine Radiator Tube, Machine Tool, Steam Elbow Pipe, Die-casting Mold, Sewing Machine, Leather-working Machine, Agricultural Machinery |
| 16 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 45 | 7086006 | 2010.8.7-<br> 2030.8.6 | Security Surveillance, Security Consulting, Dress Rental, Lock Pick, Firefighting, Intellectual Property Consulting, IP License, Software License |
| 17 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 36 | 7086007 | 2010.9.7-<br> 2030.9.6 | Life Insurance, Insurance Consulting, Financial Loan, Security Trade Information, Artwork Appraisal, Guarantee, Charitable Fund Raising, Pawn Brokerage, Credit Card Service |
| 18 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 6 | 7089246 | 2010.7.7-<br> 2030.7.6 | Metal Sheet and Plate, Metal Water Pipe, Metal Door Panel, Metal Valve, Metal Lock, Metal Band Hoop, Metal Screws, Metal Signboard, Metal Flange, Metal Pipe |
| 19 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 6 | 7154484 | 2010.7.21-<br> 2030.7.20 | Metal Sheet and Plate, Metal Water pipe, Metal Door Panel, Metal Valve, Metal Lock, Metal Band Hoop, Metal Screws, Metal Signboard, Metal Flange, Metal Pipe |
| 20 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 6 | 7287954 | 2010.12.21-<br> 2030.12.20 | Metal Sheet and Plate, Metal Water pipe, Metal Door Panel, Metal Lock, Metal Band Hoop, Metal Screws, Metal Signboard, Metal Flange, Metal Pipe |
| 21 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 1 | 13711670 | 2015.6.21-<br> 2035.6.20 | Industrial Graphite, Oxidation Shaft, Photographic Paper, Fire Extinguishing Composition, Flux, Metal Return Agent |
| 22 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 21 | 13716104 | 2015.8.21-<br> 2035.8.20 | Toothbrush, Cosmetics, Water Tank (Indoor Aquarium), Trapping Insects |

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[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 23.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 26.0 | 13712073.0 | 2015.8.21-<br> 2035.8.20 | Wigs, Needles, Garment Pads, Repaired Textiles with Heat-Bonded Patches, Linen Markers with Numbers |
| 24.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 40.0 | 13716264.0 | 2015.4.7-<br> 2035.4.6 | Metal Plating, Wood Making, Optical Lens Grinding, Firing Pottery |
| 25.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 5.0 | 13711759.0 | 2015.7.21-<br> 2035.7.20 | Dental Abrasive Powder |
| 26.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 6.0 | 14497890.0 | 2015.8.7-<br> 2035.8.6 | Metal Water pipe, Metal Door, Metal Binding Strap, Metal Screws, Metal Flange, Metal Sealing Cap, Metal Signboard, Metal Electrode |
| 27.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 9.0 | 13715937.0 | 2015.8.21-<br> 2035.8.20 | Signal Light, Movie Camera, Water Meter, Optical Product, Safety Helmet |
| 28.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 16.0 | 13711975.0 | 2016.5.7-<br> 2036.5.6 | Lithographic Crafts |
| 29.0 | Wenzhou Zhengfeng |  | 6.0 | 1581510.0 | 2001.6.7-<br> 2031.6.6 | Sheet Metal and Sheet Metal, Steel Strip, Metal Strip For Packaging Or Bundling, Ordinary Metal Wire, Iron Strip, Stainless Steel, Steel Strip, Ordinary Metal Hinge, Metal Rod |
| 30.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 希哥玛 | 38.0 | 34035720.0 | 2019.7.21-<br> 2029.7.20 | Services for radio or television programmes, Communication service |
| 31.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | XSigma | 38.0 | 34041789.0 | 2.19.7.21-<br> 2029.7.20 | Services for radio or television programmes, Communication service |
| 32.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 6.0 | 40382691.0 | 2020.12.7-<br> 2030.12.6 | Sheet Metal and Sheet Metal, Steel Strip, Metal Strip For Packaging Or Bundling, Ordinary Metal Wire, Iron Strip, Stainless Steel, Steel Strip, Ordinary Metal Hinge, Metal Rod |
| 33.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 6.0 | 40391753.0 | 2020.06.21-<br> 2030.6.20 | Sheet Metal and Sheet Metal, Steel Strip, Metal Strip For Packaging Or Bundling, Ordinary Metal Wire, Iron Strip, Stainless Steel, Steel Strip, Ordinary Metal Hinge, Metal Rod |
| 34.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 7.0 | 34035677.0 | 2020.05.21-<br> 2030.05.20 | Vehicle Engine Radiator Tube, Machine Tool, Steam Elbow Pipe, Die-casting Mold, Sewing Machine, Leather-working Machine, Agricultural Machinery |
| 35.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 7.0 | 34760512.0 | 2020.11.7-<br> 2030.11.6 | Vehicle Engine Radiator Tube, Machine Tool, Steam Elbow Pipe, Die-casting Mold, Sewing Machine, Leather-working Machine, Agricultural Machinery |
| 36.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang |  | 7.0 | 34769021.0 | 2020.11.7-<br> 2030.11.6 | Vehicle Engine Radiator Tube, Machine Tool, Steam Elbow Pipe, Die-casting Mold, Sewing Machine, Leather-working Machine, Agricultural Machinery |

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[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 37.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 7.0 | 38109372 | 2020.04.28-<br> 2030.04.27 | Vehicle Engine Radiator Tube, Machine Tool, Steam Elbow Pipe, Die-casting Mold, Sewing Machine, Leather-working Machine, Agricultural Machinery |
| 38.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 7.0 | 40363657 | 2020.06.07-<br> 2030.06.06 | Vehicle Engine Radiator Tube, Machine Tool, Steam Elbow Pipe, Die-casting Mold, Sewing Machine, Leather-working Machine, Agricultural Machinery |
| 39.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 7.0 | 40370967 | 2020.07.21-<br> 2030.07.20 | Vehicle Engine Radiator Tube, Machine Tool, Steam Elbow Pipe, Die-casting Mold, Sewing Machine, Leather-working Machine, Agricultural Machinery |
| 40.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 9.0 | 34026952 | 2019.11.28-<br> 2029.11.27 | Signal Light, Movie Camera, Water Meter, Optical Product, Safety Helmet |
| 41.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 9.0 | 34044703 | 2019.11.28-<br> 2029.11.27 | Signal Light, Movie Camera, Water Meter, Optical Product, Safety Helmet |
| 42.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 11.0 | 34037602 | 2020.05.28-<br> 2030.05.27 | Faucet, Pipe Tap, Water Distribution Equipment, Pipeline of Medical Equipment, Plumbing Pipe and Fitting, Water Drainage Equipment, Mixer Tap, Running Water Coordination Equipment |
| 43.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 6.0 | 30 2020 240 957.5/06 | 2021.1.14-<br> 2031.1.13 | Metal material |
| 44.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 9.0 | 34044684 | 2019.9.28-<br> 2029.9.27 | Signal Light, Movie Camera, Water Meter, Optical Product, Safety Helmet |
| 45.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 6.0 | 63804519 | 2023.10.07-<br> 2033.10.06 | Metal material |
| 46.0 | Zhejiang Zhengkang | 6.0 | 66494659 | 2023.02.07-<br> 2033.02.06 | Metal Sheet and Plate, Metal Water pipe, Metal Door Panel, Metal Valve, Metal Lock, Metal Band Hoop, Metal Screws, Metal Signboard, Metal Flange, Metal Pipe |

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**Regulations in the PRC**

**Regulation on Product Liability**

Manufacturers and vendors of defective products in the PRC may incur liability for losses and injuries caused by such products. Under the General Principles of the Civil Laws of the PRC, which became effective on January 1, 1987 and were amended on August 27, 2009, manufacturers or retailers of defective products that cause property damage or physical injury to any person will be subject to civil liability.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

In 1993, the General Principles of the PRC Civil Law were supplemented by the Product Quality Law of the PRC (as amended in 2000 and 2009) and the Law of the PRC on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of Consumers (as amended in 2009), which were enacted to protect the legitimate rights and interests of end-users and consumers and to strengthen the supervision and control of the quality of products. If our products are defective and cause any personal injuries or damage to assets, our customers have the right to claim compensation from us.

The PRC Tort Law was promulgated on December 26, 2009 and became effective from July 1, 2010. Under this law, a patient who suffers injury from a defective medical device can claim damages from either the medical institution or the manufacturer of the defective device. If our pipe products and installation and construction services injure a patient, and if the patient claims damages from the medical institution, the medical institution is entitled to claim repayment from us. Pursuant to the PRC Tort Law, where a personal injury is caused by a tort, the tortfeasor shall compensate the victim for the reasonable costs and expenses for treatment and rehabilitation, as well as death compensation and funeral costs and expenses if it causes the death of the victim. There is no cap on monetary damages the plaintiffs may seek under the PRC Tort Law.

**Regulation on Foreign Exchange Control and Registration of Offshore Investment by PRC Residents**

See Item 10. Additional Information D. Exchange Controls.

**Regulation on Dividend Distributions**

The principal laws and regulations regulating the dividend distribution of dividends by foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC include the Company Law of the PRC, as amended in 2004, 2005 and 2013, the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law promulgated in 1986 and amended in 2000 and 2016 and its implementation regulations promulgated in 1990 and subsequently amended in 2001 and 2014, the Equity Joint Venture Law of the PRC promulgated in 1979 and subsequently amended in 1990, 2001 and 2016 and its implementation regulations promulgated in 1983 and subsequently amended in 1986, 1987, 2001, 2011 and 2014, and the Cooperative Joint Venture Law of the PRC promulgated in 1988 and amended in 2000 and 2017 and its implementation regulations promulgated in 1995 and amended in 2014 and 2017. Under the current regulatory regime in the PRC, foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC may pay dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. A PRC company is required to set aside as statutory reserve funds at least 10% of its after-tax profit, until the cumulative amount of such reserve funds reaches 50% of its registered capital unless laws regarding foreign investment provide otherwise. A PRC company shall not distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year.

**Restriction on Foreign Investment**

The Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2018 Version), or the Negative List, which was promulgated jointly by the Ministry of Commerce and the National Development and Reform Commission on June 28, 2018 and became effective on July 28, 2018, replaced and partly abolished the Guidance Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment (2017 Revision) regulating the access of foreign investors to China. Pursuant to the Negative List, foreign investors should refrain from making investing in any of prohibited sectors specified in the Negative List, and foreign investors are required to obtain the permit for access to other sectors that are listed in the Negative List but not classified as prohibited.

The PRC subsidiaries primary market is the hardware manufacturing industry. We are not engaged in any activities placing us in the encouraged, restricted or prohibited categories and so it could be inferred that we are engaged in a permitted industry for foreign investment. Such a designation offers businesses certain advantages. For example, businesses engaged in permitted industries:

● are not subject to restrictions on foreign investment, and, as such, foreigners can own a majority interest in Sino-foreign joint ventures or establish wholly-owned foreign enterprises in the PRC;

● provided such business has total investment of less than $100 million, are subject to regional (not central) government examination and approval which are generally more efficient and less time-consuming. Our current total investment is less than $100 million.

The National Development and Reform Commission and MOFCOM periodically jointly revise the Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue. As such, there is a possibility that the PRC subsidiaries business may fall outside the scope of the definition of a permitted industry in the future. Should this occur, we would no longer benefit from such designation.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

On January 19, 2015, Chinas Ministry of Commerce issued a draft Foreign Investment Law aiming to, upon its enactment, replace the three existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. At the same time, the Ministry of Commerce published an accompanying explanatory note of the draft Foreign Investment Law, which contains important information about the draft Foreign Investment Law, including its drafting philosophy and principles, main table of contents, plans to transition to the new legal regime and treatment of business in China controlled by foreign invested enterprises. The draft Foreign Investment Law proposes an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments and, when implemented, may have a significant impact on businesses in China controlled by foreign-invested enterprises primarily through contractual arrangements, such as our business. Among other things, the draft Foreign Investment Law expands the definition of foreign investment and introduces the principle of actual control in determining whether a company is considered a foreign-invested enterprise. Under the draft Foreign Investment Law, variable interest entities would also be deemed as foreign-invested enterprises, if they are ultimately controlled by foreign investors, and be subject to restrictions on foreign investments. The Ministry of Commerce solicited comments on the draft Foreign Investment Law in 2015, but no new draft has been published since then.

It is still uncertain when the draft would be signed into law and whether the final version would have any substantial changes from this draft. When the Foreign Investment Law becomes effective, the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations, will be abolished.

Recently, the Chinese government has also been actively guiding the foreign investment to promote domestic economic development and industrial upgrading. To this end, the State Council issued the Circular on Several Measures for Actively and Effectively Utilizing Foreign Investment to Promote High-quality Economic Development (Circular 19, 2018), which guides foreign investment to invest more in modern agriculture and ecological construction, among other industries. The key areas, such as optimizing tax policy, supporting innovation and encouraging mergers and acquisitions, are potentially good for the related industries in which the PRC subsidiaries are involved, but the specific measures need to be refined and clarified, and the sustainability of the policy remains uncertain.

According to the current Special Administrative Measures for Entrance of Foreign Investment, the PRC subsidiaries business does not fall in any prohibited or restricted industries. If Chinas Ministry of Commerce adopts a list as same as the Catalogue along with the draft, the draft will have very limited impact on our business, if any. The probability that our business will be classified as prohibited or restricted industry is very low. However, If Chinas Ministry of Commerce adopts a list by our business is prohibited or restricted, and it treats our business in China as foreign investment by deciding our actual controller is Mr. Jiancong Huang who is not a Chinese citizen, we may face certain restrictions or even be prohibited to conduct business in China.

**Regulations on Offshore Parent Holding Companies Direct Investment in and Loans to Their PRC Subsidiaries**

Loans made by foreign investors as shareholders in foreign invested enterprises established in China are considered to be foreign debts and are mainly regulated by the Regulation of the Peoples Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration, the Interim Provisions on the Management of Foreign Debts, the Statistical Monitoring of Foreign Debts Tentative Provisions, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Provisional Regulations on Statistics and Supervision of External Debt, and the Administrative Measures for Registration of Foreign Debts. Pursuant to these regulations and rules, a shareholder loan in the form of foreign debt made to a PRC entity does not require the prior approval of SAFE, but such foreign debt must be registered with and recorded by SAFE or its local branches within 15 business days after entering into the foreign debt contract. Under these regulations and rules, the balance of the foreign debts of a foreign invested enterprise shall not exceed the difference between the total investment and the registered capital of the foreign invested enterprise, or Total Investment and Registered Capital Balance.

The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in China are the *Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations*, as amended in August 2008. Under this regulation, the Renminbi is freely convertible for current account items, including the trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions and other current exchange transactions, but not for capital account items, such as direct investments, loans, repatriation of investments and investments in securities, unless the prior approval of the SAFE is obtained and prior registration with the SAFE is made.

Pursuant to the *Administration Rules of the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange* promulgated on June 20, 1996 by the Peoples Bank of China, foreign-invested enterprises in China may purchase or remit foreign currency for settlement of current account transactions without the approval of the SAFE. Foreign currency transactions under the capital account are still subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, the SAFE and other relevant PRC governmental authorities.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

In addition, the *Notice of the General Affairs Department of SAFE on The Relevant Operation Issues Concerning the Improvement of the Administration of Payment and Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises*, or Circular 142, which was promulgated on August 29, 2008 by SAFE, regulates the conversion by foreign-invested enterprises of foreign currency into Renminbi by restricting how the converted Renminbi may be used. Circular 142 requires that Renminbi converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested enterprise may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the relevant government authority and may not be used to make equity investments in PRC, unless specifically provided otherwise. The SAFE further strengthened its oversight over the flow and use of Renminbi funds converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested enterprise. The use of such Renminbi may not be changed without approval from the SAFE, and may not be used to repay Renminbi loans if the proceeds of such loans have not yet been used. Any violation of Circular 142 may result in severe penalties, including substantial fines.

In November 2012, SAFE promulgated the *Circular of Further Improving and Adjusting Foreign Exchange Administration Policies on Foreign Direct Investment*, which substantially amends and simplifies the current foreign exchange procedure. Pursuant to this circular, the opening of various special purpose foreign exchange accounts, such as pre-establishment expenses accounts, foreign exchange capital accounts and guarantee accounts, the reinvestment of Renminbi proceeds by foreign investors in the PRC, and remittance of foreign exchange profits and dividends by a foreign-invested enterprise to its foreign shareholders no longer require the approval or verification of SAFE, and multiple capital accounts for the same entity may be opened in different provinces, which was not possible previously. In addition, SAFE promulgated the *Circular on Printing and Distributing the Provisions on Foreign Exchange Administration over Domestic Direct Investment by Foreign Investors and the Supporting Documents* in May 2013, which specifies that the administration by SAFE or its local branches over direct investment by foreign investors in the PRC shall be conducted by way of registration and banks shall process foreign exchange business relating to the direct investment in the PRC based on the registration information provided by SAFE and its branches.

In July 2014, SAFE decided to further reform the foreign exchange administration system in order to satisfy and facilitate the business and capital operations of foreign invested enterprises, and issued the *Circular on the Relevant Issues Concerning the Launch of Reforming Trial of the Administration Model of the Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises in Certain Areas*, or Circular 36, on August 4, 2014. This circular suspends the application of Circular 142 in certain areas and allows a foreign-invested enterprise registered in such areas to use the Renminbi capital converted from foreign currency registered capital for equity investments within the PRC.

On March 30, 2015, SAFE released the *Notice on the Reform of the Management Method for the Settlement of Foreign Exchange Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises*, or Circular 19, which has made certain adjustments to some regulatory requirements on the settlement of foreign exchange capital of foreign-invested enterprises, lifted some foreign exchange restrictions under Circular 142, and annulled Circular 142 and Circular 36. However, Circular 19 continues to, prohibit foreign-invested enterprises from, among other things, using Renminbi fund converted from its foreign exchange capitals for expenditure beyond its business scope, providing entrusted loans or repaying loans between non-financial enterprises.

On June 19, 2016, SAFE issued the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Regulating Policies on the Control over Foreign Exchange Settlement of Capital Accounts, or Circular 16, which took effect on the same day. Compared to Circular 19, Circular 16 not only provides that, in addition to foreign exchange capital, foreign debt funds and proceeds remitted from foreign listings should also be subject to the discretional foreign exchange settlement, but also lifted the restriction, that foreign exchange capital under the capital accounts and the corresponding Renminbi capital obtained from foreign exchange settlement should not be used for repaying the inter-enterprise borrowings (including advances by the third party) or repaying the bank loans in Renminbi that have been sub-lent to the third party.

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The Notice of the Peoples Bank of China on Matters concerning the Macro-Prudential Management of Full-Covered Cross-Border Financing, or PBOC Notice No. 9, issued by the PBOC on January 12, 2017, provides that within a transition period of one year from January 12, 2017, the foreign invested enterprises may adopt the currently valid foreign debt management mechanism, or Current Foreign Debt Mechanism, or the mechanism as provided in PBOC Notice No. 9, or Notice No. 9 Foreign Debt Mechanism, at their own discretion. PBOC Notice No. 9 provides that enterprises may conduct independent cross-border financing in RMB or foreign currencies as required. According to the PBOC Notice No.9, the outstanding cross-border financing of an enterprise (the outstanding balance drawn, here and below) shall be calculated using a risk-weighted approach, or Risk-Weighted Approach, and shall not exceed the specified upper limit, namely: risk-weighted outstanding cross-border financing the upper limit of risk-weighted outstanding cross-border financing. Risk-weighted outstanding cross-border financing = outstanding amount of RMB and foreign currency denominated cross-border financing נmaturity risk conversion factor נtype risk conversion factor + outstanding foreign currency denominated cross-border financing נexchange rate risk conversion factor. Maturity risk conversion factor shall be 1 for medium- and long-term cross-border financing with a term of more than one year and 1.5 for short-term cross-border financing with a term of less than one year. Type risk conversion factor shall be 1 for on-balance-sheet financing and 1 for off-balance-sheet financing (contingent liabilities) for the time being. Exchange rate risk conversion factor shall be 0.5. The PBOC Notice No. 9 further provides that the upper limit of risk-weighted outstanding cross-border financing for enterprises shall be 200% of its net assets, or Net Asset Limits. Enterprises shall file with SAFE in its capital item information system after entering into a cross-border financing agreement, but no later than three business days before making a withdrawal. As an example, the maximum amount of the loans that Yeelion Online, one of our PRC subsidiaries, may acquire from outside China is (i) US$9.5 million, under the total investment minus registered capital approach, which is calculated based on its total investment of US$29.5 million and registered capital of US$20 million as of September 30, 2018; and (ii) RMB959.7 million (US$139.7 million), under the net asset approach, calculated based on its net asset of RMB479.9 million (US$69.9 million) as of September 30, 2018 pursuant to PRC GAAP.

Based on the foregoing, if we provide funding to our wholly foreign owned subsidiaries through shareholder loans, the balance of such loans shall not exceed the Total Investment and Registered Capital Balance and we will need to register such loans with SAFE or its local branches in the event that the Current Foreign Debt Mechanism applies, or the balance of such loans shall be subject to the Risk-Weighted Approach and the Net Asset Limits and we will need to file the loans with SAFE in its information system in the event that the Notice No. 9 Mechanism applies. Under the PBOC Notice No. 9, after a transition period of one year from January 11, 2017, the PBOC and SAFE will determine the cross-border financing administration mechanism for the foreign-invested enterprises after evaluating the overall implementation of PBOC Notice No. 9. As of the date hereof, neither the PBOC nor SAFE has promulgated and made public any further rules, regulations, notices or circulars in this regard. It is uncertain which mechanism will be adopted by the PBOC and SAFE in the future and what statutory limits will be imposed on us when providing loans to our PRC subsidiaries.

**Regulations Relating to M&A Rules and Overseas Listings**

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, adopted the Regulations on Mergers of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, which became effective on September 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. Foreign investors shall comply with the M&A Rules when they purchase equity interests of a domestic company or subscribe the increased capital of a domestic company, thus changing the nature of the domestic company into a foreign-invested enterprise; or when the foreign investors establish a foreign-invested enterprise in the PRC, purchase the assets of a domestic company and operate the assets; or when the foreign investors purchase the asset of a domestic company, establish a foreign-invested enterprise by injecting such assets and operate the assets. The M&A Rules purport, among other things, to require offshore special purpose vehicles formed for overseas listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals, to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange.

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According to the Anti-Monopoly Law which took effect as of August 1, 2008, where the concentration of business operators reaches the filing thresholds stipulated by the State Council, business operators shall file a declaration with the SAMR, and no concentration shall be implemented until the SAMR clears the anti-monopoly filing. Pursuant to the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on the Establishment of the Security Review System for Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors and the Security Review Rules issued by the General Office of the State Council on February 3, 2011 and became effective on March 3, 2011, mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise national defense and security concerns, and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise national security concerns, are subject to strict review by the PRC government authorities. On August 25, 2011, the MOFCOM issued the Provisions of the Ministry of Commerce for the Implementation of the Security Review System for Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, which provides that if a foreign investors merger or acquisition of a domestic enterprise falls within the scope of security review specified in the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on the Establishment of the Security Review System for Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, the foreign investor shall file an application with MOFCOM for security review. Whether a foreign investors merger or acquisition of a domestic enterprise falls within the scope of security review or not shall be determined based on the substance and actual influence of the merger or acquisition transaction. No foreign investor is allowed to substantially avoid the security review in any way, including but not limited to, holding shares on behalf of others, trust arrangements, multi-level reinvestment, leasing, loans, contractual control, or overseas transactions.

On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the Trial Measures) which came into effect on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to Trial Measures, a PRC domestic company that seeks to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either in direct or indirect overseas offering, shall fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC per requirement of the Trial Measures, submit relevant materials that contain a filing report and a legal opinion, and provide truthful, accurate and complete information on the shareholder and etc. Direct overseas offering and listing by domestic companies refers to such overseas offering and listing by a joint-stock company incorporated domestically. Any overseas offering and listing made by an issuer that meets both the following conditions will be determined as indirect offering and listing in overseas market and, therefore, be subject to filing requirement: (i) 50% or more of the issuers operating revenue, total profit, total assets or net assets as documented in its audited consolidated financial statements for the most recent accounting year is accounted for by domestic companies; and (ii) the main parts of the issuers business activities are conducted in the Mainland China, or its main places of business are located in the Mainland China, or the senior managers in charge of its business operation and management are mostly Chinese citizens or domiciled in the Mainland China. The determination as to whether or not an overseas offering and listing by domestic companies is indirect, shall be made on substance over form basis. In addition, initial public offerings or listings in overseas markets or subsequent securities offerings and listing of an issuer in overseas market other than where it has offered and listed shall be filed with the CSRC within 3 working days after the relevant application is submitted overseas. Subsequent securities offerings of an issuer in the same overseas market where it has previously offered and listed securities shall be filed with the CSRC within 3 working days after such offering is completed. A PRC domestic company that seeks to directly or indirectly list its domestic assets in overseas markets through single or multiple acquisitions, share swaps, transfers of shares or other means, shall also fulfil the filing procedure as prescribed above. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of any of the material events specified below after an issuer has offered and listed securities in an overseas market, the issuer shall submit a report thereof to CSRC within 3 working days after the occurrence and public disclosure of the event: (i) change of control; (ii) investigations or sanctions imposed by overseas securities regulatory agencies or other relevant competent authorities; (iii) change of listing status or transfer of listing segment; (iv) voluntary or mandatory delisting. Where an issuers main business undergoes material changes after overseas offering and listing, and is therefore beyond the scope of business stated in the filing documents, such issuer shall submit to the CSRC an ad hoc report and a relevant legal opinion issued by a domestic law firm within 3 working days after occurrence of the changes. However, the PRC Companies already listed overseas before effectiveness of Trial Measures are not required to submit any records with the CSRC until they have successive refinancing demand or other filing requirement. A six-month transition will be given to PRC domestic enterprises that have obtained the approval of overseas regulatory bodies or exchanges since implementation date of the Trial Measure but have not completed the overseas listing. If they fail to complete the overseas listing within six months, they should file records with CSRC according to the requirements. The Trial Measure further stipulate that CSRC may order rectification, issue warnings, and impose a fine between RMB1 million and RMB10 million if an applicant fails to fulfill the filing requirements with the CSRC or conducts an overseas offering or listing in violation of the Trial Measure.

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On February 24, 2023, the CSRC, together with other PRC government authorities, released the Provisions on Strengthening the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Related to the Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Enterprises (the Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions), which came into effect on March 31, 2023. The Confidentiality and Archives Administration Provisions require, among others, that PRC domestic enterprises seeking to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either directly or indirectly, shall establish the confidentiality and archives system, and shall complete approval and filing procedures with competent authorities, if such PRC domestic enterprises or their overseas listing entities provide or publicly disclose documents or materials involving state secrets and work secrets of PRC government agencies to relevant securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory agencies and other entities and individuals. It further stipulates that providing or publicly disclosing documents and materials which may adversely affect national security or public interests, and accounting files or copies of important preservation value to the state and society shall be subject to corresponding procedures in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

 ****

***Regulations Relating to Cybersecurity and Privacy Protection***

The PRC Constitution states that PRC law protects the freedom and privacy of communications of citizens and prohibits infringement of these rights. In recent years, PRC government authorities have enacted legislation on the Internet use to protect personal information from any unauthorized disclosure. Under the Several Provisions on Regulating the Market Order of Internet Information Services which was promulgated by MIIT on December 29, 2011, an Internet content service operator may not collect any user personal information or provide any such information to third parties without the consent of a user, unless otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative regulations. An Internet content service operator must expressly inform the users of the method, content and purpose of the collection and processing of such user personal information and may only collect such information necessary for the provision of its services. An Internet content service operator is also required to properly keep the user personal information, and in case of any leak or likely leak of the user personal information, the Internet content service operator must take immediate remedial measures and, in severe circumstances, to make an immediate report to the telecommunication regulatory authority.

In addition, the Decision on Strengthening Network Information Protection, which was promulgated by the Standing Committee of NPC on December 28, 2012, provides that electronic information that is able to identify personal identities of citizens or is concerned with personal privacy of citizens is protected by law and shall not be unlawfully obtained or provided. Internet content service operators collecting or using personal electronic information of citizens shall specify purposes, manners and scopes of information collection and use, obtain the consent of citizens concerned, and strictly keep confidential personal information collected. Internet content service operators are prohibited from disclosing, tampering with, damaging, selling or illegally providing others with personal information collected. Technical and other measures are required to be taken by Internet content service operators to prevent personal information collected from unauthorized disclosure, damage or being lost. Internet content service operators are subject to legal liability, including warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, revocation of licenses or filings, closing of websites concerned, public security administration punishment, criminal liabilities, or civil liabilities, if they violate relevant provisions on Internet privacy.

Pursuant to the Order for the Protection of Telecommunication and Internet User Personal Information which was promulgated by MIIT on July 16, 2013, any collection and use of users personal information must be subject to the consent of the users, abide by the principles of legality, rationality and necessity and be within the specified purposes, methods and scopes. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the Criminal Law which was issued by the Standing Committee of NPC on August 29, 2015 and became effective on November 1, 2015, any Internet service provider that fails to fulfill obligations to manage information and network security as required by applicable laws and refuses to rectify upon orders from government authorities, will be subject to the criminal penalty if such failure (i) causes dissemination of illegal information in large scale; (ii) causes user information leaks resulting in severe consequences; (iii) causes serious loss of evidence to criminal investigations; or (iv) implicates other severe circumstances. Moreover, any individual or entity that (i) sells or provides personal information to others in violation of applicable laws, or (ii) steals or illegally obtains any personal information, in either case implicating severe circumstances, will be subject to the criminal penalty. The PRC government, however, has the power and authority to order Internet content service operators to turn over personal information if an Internet user posts any prohibited content or engages in illegal activities on the Internet.

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To further regulate cybersecurity and privacy protection, the PRC Cybersecurity Law which was promulgated by the Standing Committee of NPC on November 7, 2016 and took effect on June 1, 2017, provides that: subject to certain exceptions, (i) to collect and use personal information, network operators must follow the principles of legitimacy, rightfulness, and necessity, disclose their rules of data collection and use, clearly express the purposes, means, and scope of collecting and using the information, and obtain the consent of the persons whose data is gathered; (ii) network operators can neither gather personal information unrelated to the services they provide, nor gather or use personal information in violation of the provisions of laws and administrative regulations or the scopes of consent given by the persons whose data is gathered, and must dispose of personal information they have saved in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations and agreements reached with users; (iii) network operators cannot divulge, tamper with, or damage the personal information they have collected, and cannot provide the personal information to others without the consent of persons whose data is collected. According to the PRC Cybersecurity Law, personal information refers to all kinds of information that are recorded electronically or that can otherwise be used to independently identify or be combined with other information to identify natural persons personal information, including but not limited to natural persons names, dates of birth, identification numbers, biologically identified personal information, addresses, and telephone numbers. Any Internet information services provider that violates these privacy protection requirements under the PRC Cybersecurity Law and related laws and regulations may be ordered to turn in illegal gains generated from unlawful operations and pay a fine of no less than one but no more than ten times of the illegal gains and may be ordered to cease the relevant business operations when the violation is serious.

On June 28, 2016, the CAC issued the Administrative Provisions on Mobile Internet Applications Information Services, which became effective on August 1, 2016, to further strengthen the regulation of the mobile app information services. Pursuant to these provisions, owners or operators of mobile apps that provide information services are required to be responsible for information security management, establish and improve the protective mechanism for user information, observe the principles of legality, rightfulness and necessity, and expressly state the purpose, method and scope of, and obtain user consent to, the collection and use of users personal information.

On May 8, 2017, the Supreme Peoples Court and the Supreme Peoples Procuratorate issued the Interpretations of the Supreme Peoples Court and the Supreme Peoples Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases Involving Infringement of Citizens Personal Information, or the Personal Information Interpretations, which became effective on June 1, 2017. The Personal Information Interpretations provides more practical conviction and sentencing criteria for the infringement of citizens personal information.

On January 23, 2019, the PRC Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission and other three authorities jointly issued the Circular on the Special Campaign of Correcting Unlawful Collection and Usage of Personal Information via Apps. Pursuant to this circular, (i) app operators are prohibited from collecting any personal information irrelevant to their services; (ii) information collection and usage policy should be presented in a simple and clear way, and such policy should be consented by the users voluntarily, and; (iii) authorization from users should not be obtained by coercing users with default or bundling clauses or making consent a condition of service. App operators violating these rules can be ordered by authorities to correct their noncompliance within a given period of time, be publicly reported, or ordered to quit its operation or cancel its business license or operational permits.

On April 10, 2019, the Ministry of Public Security promulgated the Guidelines for Internet Personal Information Security Protection, which establishes the management mechanism, security technical measures and business workflows for personal information security protection. On August 22, 2019, the CAC promulgated the Provisions on the Cyber Protection of Childrens Personal Information which requires, among others, that network operators who collect, store, use, transfer and disclose personal information of children under the age of 14 shall establish special rules and user agreements for the protection of childrens personal information, inform the childrens guardians in a noticeable and clear manner, and shall obtain the consent of the childrens guardians.

On November 28, 2019, the CAC, MIIT, the Ministry of Public Security and SAMR jointly promulgated the Measures for the Determination of the Collection and Use of Personal Information by Apps in Violation of Laws and Regulations, which provides guidance for the regulatory authorities to identify the illegal collection and use of personal information through mobile apps, and for the app operators to conduct self-examination and self-correction and social supervision by citizens.

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On May 28, 2020, the NPC approved the Civil Code of the PRC or the Civil Code, which came into effect on January 1, 2021. Pursuant to the Civil Code, the personal information of a natural person shall be protected by the law. Any organization or individual that needs to obtain personal information of others shall obtain such information legally and ensure the safety of such information, and shall not illegally collect, use, process or transmit personal information of others, or illegally purchase or sell, provide or make public personal information of others. Furthermore, information processors shall not divulge or tamper with personal information collected or stored by them; without the consent of a natural person, information processors shall not illegally provide personal information of such person to others, except for information that has been processed so that specific persons cannot be identified and that cannot be restored. In addition, an information processor shall take technical measures and other necessary measures to ensure the security of the personal information that is collected and stored and to prevent the information from being divulged, tampered with or lost; where personal information has been or may be divulged, tampered with or lost, the information processor shall take remedial measures in a timely manner, inform the natural person concerned in accordance with the provisions and report the case to the relevant competent department.

On August 20, 2021, the SCNPC adopted the Personal Information Security Law, which took effect on November 1, 2021. The Personal Information Protection Law includes the basic rules for personal information processing, the rules for cross-border provision of personal information, the rights of individuals in personal information processing activities, the obligations of personal information processors, and the legal responsibilities for illegal collection, processing, and use of personal information. As the first systematic and comprehensive law specifically for the protection of personal information in the PRC, the Personal Information Protection Law provides, among others, that (i) an individuals consent shall be obtained to use sensitive personal information, such as biometric characteristics and individual location tracking, (ii) personal information operators using sensitive personal information shall notify individuals of the necessity of such use and impact on the individuals rights, and (iii) where personal information operators reject an individuals request to exercise his or her rights, the individual may file a lawsuit with a Peoples Court.

On November 14, 2021, the CAC published the Regulations of Internet Data Security Management (Draft for Comments), which further regulate the internet data processing activities and emphasize the supervision and management of network data security, and further stipulate the obligations of internet platform operators, such as to establish a system for disclosure of platform rules, privacy policies and algorithmic strategies related to data. Specifically, the draft regulations require data processors to, among others, (i) adopt immediate remediation measures when finding that network products and services they use or provide have security defects and vulnerabilities, or threaten national security or endanger public interest, and (ii) follow a series of detailed requirements with respect to processing of personal information, management of important data and proposed overseas transfer of data. In addition, the draft regulations require data processors handling important data or the data processors to be listed overseas to complete an annual data security assessment and file a data security assessment report to applicable regulators. Such annual assessment, as required by the draft regulations, would encompass areas including, but not limited to, the status of important data processing, data security risks identified and the measures adopted, the effectiveness of data protection measures, the implementation of national data security laws and regulations, data security incidents that occurred and their handling, and a security assessment with respect to sharing and provision of important data overseas. As of the date of this annual report, the draft regulations have been released for public comment only and have not been formally adopted. The final provisions and the timeline for its adoption are subject to changes and uncertainties.

Currently, our business does not involve the collection of user data, implicate cybersecurity, or involve any other type of restricted industry. Based on the advice of PRC counsel and our understanding of currently applicable PRC laws and regulations, our registered public offering in the U.S. is not subject to the review or prior approval of the CAC.

**Regulations on Trademarks**

Trademarks are protected by the PRC Trademark Law adopted in 1982, as subsequently amended, as well as the Implementation Regulations of the PRC Trademark Law adopted by the State Council in 2002 and 2013. The Trademark Office under the SAIC handles trademark registrations. Trademarks can be registered for a term of ten years and can be extended for another ten years if requested upon expiration of the first or any renewed ten-year term. The PRC Trademark Law has adopted a first-to-file principle with respect to trademark registration. Where a trademark for which a registration application has been made is identical or similar to another trademark which has already been registered or been subject to a preliminary examination and approval for use on the same type of or similar commodities or services, the application for such trademark registration may be rejected. Any person applying for the registration of a trademark may not prejudice the existing right first obtained by others, nor may any person register in advance a trademark that has already been used by another party and has already gained a sufficient degree of reputation through such other partys use. Trademark license agreements must be filed with the Trademark Office or its regional offices. Meanwhile, we have successfully applied on our own name 21 trademarks.

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**Regulations on Patents**

The PRC Patent Law provides for patentable inventions, utility models and designs, which must meet three conditions: novelty, inventiveness and practical applicability. The State Intellectual Property Office is responsible for examining and approving patent applications. A patent is valid for a term of twenty years in the case of an invention and a term of ten years in the case of utility models and designs. We have obtained 25 patents, all of which we have ownership of, including a number of those that were originally under the ownership of certain individuals affiliated with our Company through ownership transfer.

**Regulations on Taxation**

See Item 10. Additional Information E. Taxation PRC Taxation.

**Regulations on Employment**

In accordance with the PRC National Labor Law, which became effective in January 1995, and the PRC Labor Contract Law, which became effective in January 2008, as amended subsequently in 2012, employers must execute written labor contracts with full-time employees in order to establish an employment relationship. All employers must compensate their employees equal to at least the local minimum wage standards. All employers are required to establish a system for labor safety and sanitation, strictly abide by state rules and standards and provide employees with appropriate workplace safety training. In addition, employers in China are obliged to pay contributions to the social insurance plan and the housing fund plan for employees.

**Regulations Related to Labor and Social Security**

Pursuant to the PRC Labor Law, the PRC Labor Contract Law and the Implementing Regulations of the Employment Contracts Law, labor relationships between employers and employees must be executed in written form. Wages may not be lower than the local minimum wage. Employers must establish a system for labor safety and sanitation, strictly abide by state standards and provide relevant education to its employees. Employees are also required to work in safe and sanitary conditions.

On December 28, 2012, the PRC Labor Contract Law was amended with effect on July 1, 2013 to impose more stringent requirements on labor dispatch. Under such law, dispatched workers are entitled to pay equal to that of full-time employees for equal work, but the number of dispatched workers that an employer hires may not exceed a certain percentage of its total number of employees as determined by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. Additionally, dispatched workers are only permitted to engage in temporary, auxiliary or substitute work. According to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch promulgated by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24, 2014, which became effective on March 1, 2014, the number of dispatched workers hired by an employer shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees (including both directly hired employees and dispatched workers). The Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch require employers not in compliance with the PRC Labor Contract Law in this regard to reduce the number of its dispatched workers to below 10% of the total number of its employees prior to March 1, 2016. In addition, an employer is not permitted to hire any new dispatched worker until the number of its dispatched workers has been reduced to below 10% of the total number of its employees.

Under PRC laws, rules and regulations, including the Social Insurance Law, the Interim Regulations on the Collection and Payment of Social Security Funds and the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Accumulation Funds, employers are required to contribute, on behalf of their employees, to a number of social security funds, including funds for basic pension insurance, unemployment insurance, basic medical insurance, occupational injury insurance, maternity leave insurance and housing accumulation funds. These payments are made to local administrative authorities and any employer who fails to contribute may be fined and ordered to pay the deficit amount. We have contributed to the basic and minimum social insurance plan. Due to a high employee turnover rate in our industry, it is difficult for us to comply fully with the law. While we believe we have made adequate provision of such outstanding amounts of contributions to such plans in our financial statements, any failure to make sufficient payments to such plans would be in violation of applicable PRC laws and regulations and, if we are found to be in violation of such laws and regulations, we could be required to make up the contributions for such plans as well as to pay late fees and fines.

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**4. C. Organizational Structure**

Below is a chart illustrating our current corporate structure:

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**4. D. Property and Plants**

There is no private land ownership in China. Individuals and entities are permitted to acquire land use rights for specific purposes. We were granted land use rights for our facilities in Wenzhou, which expires on November 30, 2052. Following is a list of our properties, all of which we own the land use rights to:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Property** | **Duration of Land Use Rights** |
| No. 678 Dingxiang Road, Binhai Industrial Park<br> Economic & Technology Development Zone<br> Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province<br> P.R. China 325020 | December 1, 2002 - November 30, 2052 19,427 m<sup>2</sup> 9,600 m<sup>2</sup> |
| Longlian Plaza Building #3, Yongzhong Boulevard, 167 North<br> Luodong Road, Suite 702, Longwan District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang<br> Province, P.R. China | August 19, 2016 November 12, 2051 1012 m<sup>2</sup> |
| 23 units of Xuri Xiaoqu, B404 Binhai Industrial Park<br> Economic & Technology Development Zone<br> Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province<br> P.R. China 325020 | March 31, 2003 March 31, 2073 1377.14 m<sup>2</sup> |

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Our property in No. 678 Dingxiang Road, Binhai Industrial Park, Economic & Technology Development Zone, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China 325020 is our central office and manufacturing facility. At this location, we have a variety of heavy equipment required to produce our steel strips, pipes and fittings, product testing equipment and laboratory equipment for research and development. Our office in Longlian Plaza, for which ownership belongs to Wenzhou Zhengfeng, is for administrative and sales purposes and contains customary office equipment. We are not aware of any environmental concerns or limitations on the use of our properties for the purposes we currently use them or intend to use them in the future.

**ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS**

None.

**ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS**

*The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes that appear in this annual report. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this annual report, particularly in Risk Factors.*

**A. Operating Results**

Incorporated on May 13, 2015, under the laws of the British Virgin Islands (BVI), we primarily conduct our business through our subsidiary Zhejiang Zhengkang. Our core business focuses on providing systematic solutions to construction projects that require sophisticated piping systems. Leveraging our experience in the industry, we offer urban planners and real estate developers sophisticated pipe and fitting products and engineering expertise, enabling them to bring communities reliable and durable gas and water transmission systems. Our products are primarily sold in China, but are also exported and distributed in Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia. We have received numerous awards and recognitions domestically and internationally. Located within the Wenzhou Binhai Industrial Park, a national economic development zone, our facility occupies approximately five acres, consisting of business offices, manufacturing plants, a research and development center and storage facilities.

We specialize in designing and producing pipes and fittings such as double-press thin-walled stainless steel tubes and fittings, carbon steel tubes and fittings and single-press tubes and fittings. Focused on the innovation and expansion of our product to meet the specific needs of our clients, we believe that we are a leading manufacturer and engineer of high-performance stainless steel pipes. Our products offer a comprehensive suite of superior solutions for use in the construction and infrastructure industries. Our innovative products are used in a broad range of applications, including water and gas transmission within urban infrastructural development, residential housing development, food and beverage production, oil and gas exploitation, and agricultural irrigation. Since Zhejiang Zhengkangs founding in 2001, we have developed an array of patented pipe and fitting products that have been marketed and distributed both domestically and internationally.

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The following table presents an overview of our results of operations for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the year ended September 30,** | **For the year ended September 30,** | **For the year ended September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Revenues | $71241683 | $108199877 | $111599686 |
| Cost of sales | (67201491) | (101652681) | (110303270) |
| **Gross profit** | **4040192** | **6547196** | **1296416** |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and marketing expenses | 1531222 | 1639873 | 2117810 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative expenses | 4145269 | 4829103 | 5144340 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Asset impairment loss | 1757042 | 599709 | 53203517 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development costs | 859697 | 1196746 | 1274337 |
| **Total operating expenses** | **8293230** | **8265431** | **61740004** |
| **Operating loss** | **(4253038)** | **(1718235)** | **(60443588)** |
| Other income (expenses): |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expenses | (330233) | (1232686) | (1583734) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income | 6737 | 15142 | 36699 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income on investment | 428654 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income (expense), net | 131602 | 164319 | 240378 |
| **Total other income (expenses), net** | **236760** | **(1053225)** | **(1306657)** |
| **Loss before income taxes** | **(4016278)** | **(2771460)** | **(61750245)** |
| Income tax (expense) recovery | 948 | (12106) | 459855 |
| **Net loss** | $**(4015330)** | $**(2783566)** | $**(61290390)** |
| Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests | (30146) | (1650) | (229596) |
| Net loss attributable to ZK International Group Co., Ltd. | (3985184) | (2781916) | $(61060794) |
| Net loss | $**(4015330)** | $**(2783566)** | $**(61290390)** |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign currency translation adjustment | (823911) | 861280 | (549332) |
| **Total comprehensive loss** | $**(4839241)** | $**(1922286)** | $**(61839722)** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

 

*Revenue*

Revenues decreased by $36,958,194, or 34.16%, to $71,241,683 for the year ended September 30, 2025, from $108,199,877 for the year ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in revenues was primarily driven by the following factors:

1) During the fiscal year 2025, the global economic recovery remained slow, and domestic construction and real estate sectors continued to face weak demand recovery, resulting in weaker overall customer purchase for piping systems compared to fiscal year 2024. While the company maintained its pricing strategy to mitigate persistent cost pressures, the weakness in downstream demand—coupled with intensified industry competition—led to a sharp shrink in sales volume, which was the primary driver of the revenue decline.

2) During the fiscal year 2025, the Company decreased sales of low-margin products, primarily the electrolytic nickel products, from approximately $63.67 million during fiscal year 2024 to approximately $39.76 million during fiscal year 2025. The sales of the electrolytic nickel products accounted to 55.81% of total sales as compared to 58.85% in fiscal year 2024.

3) In fiscal 2025, raw material price volatility persisted, with nickel (a key input for stainless steel) prices remaining at high levels and other core materials like steel strips experiencing ongoing fluctuations. Despite incremental adjustments to the weighted average selling price (ASP), sustained cost inflation and reduced customer purchasing power amid economic uncertainties further eroded sales performance, contributing to the revenue drop. Due to the increase in product prices, our overall sales volume has declined. For instance, while the sales volume of steel pipes and pipe fittings experienced only slight increase, the sales volume of steel strips grew. However, the overall competitive market environment and external economic factors hindered sales from achieving the expected growth rate, thereby impacting overall revenue performance.

Revenues decreased by $3,399,809, or 3.05%, to $108,199,877 for the year ended September 30, 2024, from $111,599,686 for the year ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in revenues was primarily driven by the following factors:

1) During the fiscal year 2024, we observed a recovery in the real estate market, which led to an increase in market demand. This contrasts with the market pressure faced in fiscal year 2023, particularly due to the downturn in the Chinese real estate market, exacerbated by the collapse of Evergrande. The recovery in 2024 provided us with more favorable sales opportunities. In response to rising raw material costs, the company increased its weighted average selling price (ASP) to sustain profit margins. However, despite the demand recovery, this pricing strategy did not fully offset the negative impact of escalating costs. The price increases led to the loss of price-sensitive customers and heightened market competition, which ultimately resulted in a decline in overall sales and adversely affected revenue.

2) During the fiscal year 2024, raw material prices continued to rise, particularly the price of nickel used in stainless steel, which increased production costs. This situation differed from the fluctuations in raw material prices observed in fiscal year 2023. Although nickel prices surged by 33.33% in 2023, the company responded by lowering sales prices to expand market share. However, in fiscal year 2024, while we adjusted our pricing strategy to mitigate the rising costs, the price increases were not sufficient to fully offset the pressure from higher production costs, leading to a decline in revenue.

3) Due to the increase in product prices, our overall sales volume has declined. For instance, while the sales volume of steel pipes and pipe fittings experienced only a slight increase, the sales volume of steel strips grew. However, the overall competitive market environment and external economic factors hindered sales from achieving the expected growth rate, thereby impacting overall revenue performance.

*Gross profit*

Our gross profit decreased by $2,507,004, or 38.29%, to $4,040,192 for the year ended September 30, 2025 from $6,547,196 for the year ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit margin was 5.67% for the year ended September 30, 2025, as compared to 6.05% for the year ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in gross profit was primarily driven by a sharp decline in revenue volume, which outpaced the reduction in cost of sales, as well as ongoing pressure from raw material price volatility that continued to weigh on gross margins despite operational efficiency improvements.

Our gross profit increased by $5,250,780 or 405.023% to $6,547,196 for the year ended September 30, 2024 from $1,296,416 for the year ended September 30, 2023. Gross profit margin was 6.05% for the year ended September 30, 2024, as compared to 1.16% for the year ended September 30, 2023. The increase in gross profit was primarily driven by a rise in the weighted average selling price, which offset the pressure from rising costs. Additionally, the decline in sales costs relative to revenue was more significant, further contributing to the improvement in gross profit.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

 

*Selling and Marketing Expenses*

We incurred $1,531,222 in selling and marketing expenses for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, compared to $1,639,873 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. Selling and marketing expenses decreased by $108,651 or 6.63%, during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. This decrease is primarily due to decreases in sales payroll expenses, compensation for the sales personnel, freight expenses, and transportation fee during the year.

We incurred $1,639,873 in selling and marketing expenses for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, compared to $2,117,810 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. Selling and marketing expenses decreased by $477,937 or 22.57%, during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. This decrease is primarily due to decreases in sales payroll expenses, compensation for the sales personnel, freight expenses, and transportation fee during the year.

 

*General and Administrative expenses*

We incurred $4,145,269 in general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, compared to $4,829,103 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. General and administrative expenses decreased by $683,834, or 14.16%, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. The decrease is mainly attributable to the decreased employee compensation and benefit expense incurred during the fiscal year 2025.

We incurred $4,829,103 in general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, compared to $5,144,340 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. General and administrative expenses decreased by $315,237, or 6.13%, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. The decrease is mainly attributable to the decreased employee compensation and benefit expense incurred during the fiscal year 2024.

 

*Asset impairment costs*

We incurred $1,757,042 in asset impairment costs for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, compared to $599,709 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. Asset impairment costs increased by $1,157,333 or 192.98%, during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. This increase is primarily due to the bad debt allowances recognized for long-aged accounts receivable during 2025 fiscal year.

We incurred $599,709 in asset impairment costs for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, compared to $53,203.57 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. Asset impairment costs increased by $546,505.43 or 1,027.20%, during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. This increase is primarily due to asset impairment charges related to underperforming equipment and inventory write-downs during the year.

**CG Malta Holding Limited ("CG Malta")**

On April 8, 2021, the Company through its wholly-owned subsidiary xSigma Entertainment Limited ("xSigma Entertainment") entered into a Subscription of Shares Agreement (the "Subscription Agreement") with CG Malta on April 4, 2021, pursuant to which xSigma Entertainment acquired 12% interest in CG Malta through xSigma Entertainment for US$15 million and agreed to subscribe to an additional number of ordinary shares in CG Malta for a total purchase price of US$35 million, which will guarantee to xSigma Entertainment an additional 13% interest in CG Malta, subject to the signing of a separate subscription agreement not later than four months from April 4, 2021. On August 4, 2021, xSigma Entertainment entered into an amendment to the Subscription Agreement, pursuant to which the subscription to the ordinary shares in CG Malta for a total purchase price of US$35 million will be subject to signing of a separate subscription agreement no later than January 1, 2022. The Company completed an investment of US$10 million in CG Malta in September 2021, and as a result of the investment the Company has an ownership of 15.73% on CG Malta.

During the 2023 fiscal year, the competition of gaming market has been increasingly intense. Market bullishness and valuations peaked in early-2023 and declined rapidly from there, preventing CG Malta from raising further capital to execute its business plan. For the best interest of the Company's shareholder, the Company decided to stop funding CG Malta and instead demanded the management team of CG Malta took active measures to achieve organic growth and healthy cash flow. However, the business was unable to raise the capital required to fund the business plan, and therefore the shareholders of CG Malta passed shareholder resolution on November 27, 2023 to cease operations of CG Malta and wind up the entity. For the year ended September 30, 2023, the Company has written off the investment in CG Malta and recorded impairment loss of $25,000,000.

**Software Platforms**

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, the Company entered into a series of consulting agreements with third-party entity and individuals to develop and implement the following software platforms:

● The DeFi (decentralized finance) Protocol, a stablecoin DEX (decentralized exchange) and liquidity mining platform, available at https://xsigma.fi.

● Two flagship trading platforms, "xSigma Trading" for CFD trading and "xSigma Trader" for Crypto, Crypto Options and Crypto derivatives.

● MaximNFT platform ("MaximNFT"), available at www.maximnft.com, the exclusive NFT (Non-Fungible Token) marketplace partners with Maxim, the iconic men's lifestyle brand. It will allow customers to create and sell NFTs on various blockchains, including, but not limited to, Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, and Polkadot.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

The software platforms are intended for internal use which is to provide services to customers and the Company does not have any plan to market the software for sales externally. In exchange of the development services provided, the Company paid consideration in the form of cash, stock and stock warrants, and all the costs incurred during the Application development Stage were capitalized pursuant to ASC 350-40-25.

During 2023 fiscal year, the Company evaluated the recoverability of the three platforms, including Defi Exchange, xSigma Trading, and MaximNFT pursuant to ASC 360-10-35-21 and concluded that the carrying value of the three platforms may not be recoverable as it projects that the platform is likely to have continuing losses and it's more likely than not this platform will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of it's previously estimated useful life. The Company wrote off the carrying value of the platform and recorded a loss of $10,346,769.

During 2022 fiscal year, the Company evaluated the recoverability of the Defi platform pursuant to ASC 360-10-35-21 and concluded that the carrying value of the Defi Exchange may not be recoverable as it projects that the platform is likely to have continuing losses and its more likely than not this platform will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The Company wrote off the carrying value of the platform and recorded a loss of $2,771,019.

 ****

***Long-term Prepayment.***

During 2021 fiscal year, the Company pledged cash deposit of RMB 74,317,541 to one third party entity, which the Company is seeking to acquire certain percentage of ownership of (the Target Company). The deposit was used as acquisition deposits required by the Target Company in order to execute their respective acquisition memorandum which details the acquisition and valuation methods but is not legally binding. In the case that the acquisition is approved by both parties, the deposits will be used as initial payments and offset the total cash considerations of the deal. If any of the acquisition failed to be approved, the Target Companies are obligated to return the deposit. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, the proposed acquisition was terminated due to the target was acquired by a Chinese State Owned Enterprise, and the Target Company is obligated to return the fund to the Company. The Company reached oral agreement with the Target Company to settle all or part of its outstanding long-term deposit by acquiring its patents. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, the Company and Target Company agreed on certain research and development arrangements which Target Company was delegated to conduct certain research and development programs. The arrangements were intended to strengthen the Company's competitive advantage by leveraging the Target Company's research capabilities. The Company is not obligated to fund the research and development programs but having the right of first refusal to acquire any patent or technical innovation generated out of the programs. Patent or technical innovation, if acquired by the Company, will be appraised and the appraised value will settle all or part of the outstanding long-term deposit. However, during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, no patent or technical innovation was materialized, and the Company demanded the payback of the long-term prepayment. Due to the uncertainty of collection and prospect of the research programs, the Company has written off approximately of $9.83 million long-term prepayment during the 2023 fiscal year.

 ****

***Credit Loss of Accounts Receivable***

During 2025 and 2024 fiscal years, the Company evaluated the collectability of its accounts receivable and wrote off the long-aging portion which it determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable. For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded provision for credit loss of accounts receivable of approximately $1.76 million and $0.68 million, respectively.

 

*Research and Development Expenses*

We incurred $859,697 in research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, compared to $1,196,746 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. R&D expenses decreased by $337,049, or 28.16%, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the decreased research and development activities during fiscal year 2025.

We incurred $1,196,746 in research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, compared to $1,274,337 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. R&D expenses decreased by $77,591, or 6.09%, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the decreased research and development activities during fiscal year 2024.

 

*Income from operations*

As a result of the factors described above, operating loss was $4,253,038 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, compared to operating loss of $1,718,235 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, an increase of operating loss of $2,534,803 or approximately 147.52%.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

As a result of the factors described above, operating loss was $1,718,235 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, compared to operating loss of $60,443,588 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, an decrease of operating loss of $58,725,353 or approximately 97.16%.

 

*Other income and expenses*

Our interest income and expenses were $6,737 and $330,233, respectively, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, compared to interest income and expenses of $15,142 and $1,232,686, respectively, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024.

Our interest income and expenses were $15,142 and $1,232,686, respectively, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, compared to interest income and expenses of $136,699 and $1,583,734, respectively, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023.

 

*Net Income*

As a result of the factors described above, our net loss for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 was $4,015,330 compared to net loss of $2,783,566 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, an increase in loss of $1,231,764.

As a result of the factors described above, our net loss for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 was $2,783,566 compared to net loss of $61,290,390 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, a decrease in loss of $58,506,824 or approximately 95.46%.

 

*Foreign currency translation*

Our consolidated financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars but the functional currency of our operating subsidiaries is RMB. Results of operations and cash flows are translated at average exchange rates during the period, assets and liabilities are translated at the unified exchange rate at the end of the period and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the financial statements denominated in RMB into U.S. dollars are included in determining comprehensive income.

Our foreign currency translation loss for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 was $823,911, compared to a currency translation income of $861,280 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, an increase in loss of $1,685,191. The increased loss is primarily due to the depreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollars. Our foreign currency translation income for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024 was $861,280, compared to a currency translation loss of $549,332 for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, an increase of $1,410,612. The increased loss is primarily due to the appreciation of RMB against the U.S. dollars.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**B. Liquidity and Capital Resources**

As of September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2,306,571, $4,009,387, and $4,994,411 respectively. We believe that our current cash, cash to be generated from our operations and access to capital market will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs for at least the next twelve months. However, we do not have any amounts committed to be provided by our related party. We are also not dependent upon future financing to meet our liquidity needs for the next twelve months. However, we plan to expand our business to implement our growth strategies in the water supply market and strengthen our position in the marketplace. To do so, we may need more capital through equity financing to increase our production and meet market demands. Substantially all of our operations are conducted in China and all of our revenues, expense, cash and cash equivalents are denominated in Renminbi (RMB). RMB is subject to the exchange control regulation in China, and, as a result, we may have difficulty distributing any dividends outside of China due to PRC exchange control regulations that restrict its ability to convert RMB into U.S. Dollars.

Under applicable PRC regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a foreign-invested enterprise in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the accumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Amounts restricted include the PRC subsidiaries paid-in capital and statutory surplus reserves of the Company's PRC subsidiaries totaling $7,470,323 as of September 30, 2025 and 2024. The board of directors of a foreign-invested enterprise has the discretion to allocate a portion of its after-tax profits to staff welfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to equity owners except in the event of liquidation. Under PRC law, RMB is currently convertible into U.S. Dollars under a company's current account, which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, without prior approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), but is not from a company's capital account, which includes foreign direct investments and loans, without the prior approval of the SAFE. With respect to retained earnings accrued after such date, our board of directors may declare dividends after taking into account our operations, earnings, financial condition, cash requirements and availability and other factors as it may deem relevant at such time. Any declaration and payment, as well as the amount, of dividends will be subject to our By-Laws, charter and applicable Chinese and U.S. state and federal laws and regulations, including the approval from the shareholders of each subsidiary which intends to declare such dividends, if applicable.

We have limited financial obligations dominated in US dollars, thus the foreign currency restrictions and regulations in the PRC on the dividends distribution will not have a material impact on the liquidity, financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

**Cash Flow Summary**

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the year ended September 30,** | **For the year ended September 30,** | **For the year ended September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $736397 | $(6878500) | $(1905912) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (651989) | (2353054) | (2294462) |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 478455 | 7223626 | 2068157 |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (856957) | 1087154 | (439515) |
| Net decrease in cash | $(294094) | $(932102) | $(2571733) |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 4113304 | 5045406 | 7617139 |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $3819210 | $4113304 | $5045406 |

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*Operating Activities:*

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended September 30, 2025 was approximately $0.74 million, which was primarily attributable to a net loss approximately $4.02 million, adjusted for non-cash items for approximately $2.94 million and adjustments for changes in working capital approximately $1.81 million. The adjustments for changes in working capital mainly included:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) Increase in accounts receivable of approximately $2.04 million, our accounts receivable increased because 1) we delivered a significant amount of orders during August and September 2025 which incurred a big amount of accounts receivable recorded as of September 30, 2025.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) Decrease
in advances to suppliers of approximately $16.05 million for the year ended September 30, 2025 because of the order fulfillment by our
suppliers which offset advance balances. Additionally, the Company has terminated raw materials purchases from certain suppliers who
required significant advance payment for the orders placed with them in order to improve the Company's overall operational efficiency.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) Decrease
in advances from customers of approximately $13.74 million because of the product delivery to our customers which offset advance balances.
Additionally, the Company has decreased sales of low-margin products, primarily the electrolytic nickel, which normally requires large
amount of advance payment from customers.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended September 30, 2024 was approximately $6.88 million, which was primarily attributable to a net loss approximately $2.78 million, adjusted for non-cash items for approximately $1.88 million and adjustments for changes in working capital approximately $5.97 million. The adjustments for changes in working capital mainly included:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) Increase in accounts receivable of approximately $7.19 million our accounts receivable increased significantly because we offered longer payment terms to certain major customers which resulted increase of our accounts receivable balance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) Decrease in inventories of approximately $4.41 million for the year ended September 30, 2024 because the Company used more on hand inventory during the 2024 fiscal year to lower the Companys inventory level and strengthen its cash flow and operational liquidity.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) Increase in advance to suppliers of approximately $12.80 million for the year ended September 30, 2024. During 2024 fiscal year, the Company was required by our certain electrolytic nickel suppliers to make advance payment for our electrolytic nickel purchase orders, which resulted the substantial increase of the advance to suppliers balance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) Increase in advance from customers of approximately $14.04 million for the year ended September 30, 2024. During 2024 fiscal year, the Company was required by our certain electrolytic nickel suppliers to make advance payment for our electrolytic nickel purchase orders, and to mitigate liquidity risk, the Company required its customers who placed electrolytic nickel purchase orders to make advance payment, which resulted the substantial increase of the advance from customers balance.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $1.91 million, which was primarily attributable to a net loss approximately $61.29 million, adjusted for non-cash items for approximately $56.75 million and adjustments for changes in working capital approximately $2.63 million. The adjustments for changes in working capital mainly included:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) Decrease in accounts receivable of approximately $8.17 million our accounts receivable decreased significantly because we collected a significant amount from certain customers during 2023 fiscal year. During 2023 fiscal year, the Company evaluated the collectability of its accounts receivable and wrote off the long-aging portion which it determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) Decrease in inventories of approximately $2.87 million for the year ended September 30, 2023 because of the order fulfillment and product delivery to our customers. During the 2023 fiscal year, the Company lowered its inventory level to strengthen the cash flow and operational liquidity.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) Decrease in accounts payables of approximately $7.45 million During 2022 fiscal year we had increased raw material orders placed to our suppliers during August and September 2022 to match the production orders and delivery schedule we committed to our customers and thus resulted in a significant increase of accounts payable which was fully paid in the 2023 fiscal year.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) Decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of approximately $1.92 million mainly due to decreased VAT tax payable which the Company paid during 2023 fiscal year.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) Decrease in advance to suppliers of approximately $1.40 million mainly due to significant purchase order delivery from our suppliers during 2023 fiscal year which offset the advance balance.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

 

*Investing Activities:*

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $0.65 million for the year ended September 30, 2025. It was primarily attributable to the purchase of new equipment of approximately $0.59 million for production needs.

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $2.35 million for the year ended September 30, 2024. It was primarily attributable to the purchase of new equipment of approximately $0.60 million for production needs, and the investment in RCRT of approximately 1.75 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $2.29 million for the year ended September 30, 2023. It was primarily attributable to the purchase of new equipment and CIP which approximately $1.59 million for production needs, and the purchase of intangible assets of approximately 0.71 million.

 

*Financing Activities:*

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $0.48 million for the year ended September 30, 2025. It was primarily attributable to the proceeds from short-term bank borrowing of approximately $22.87 million, which is partially offset by repayment of short-term bank borrowing of approximately $22.06 million and net repayments to related party of approximately $0.38 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $7.22 million for the year ended September 30, 2024. It was primarily attributable to the proceeds from stock issuances of approximately $5.00 million and proceeds from short-term bank borrowing of approximately $15.82 million, which is partially offset by repayment of short-term bank borrowing of approximately $12.71 million and net repayments to related party of approximately $0.89 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $2.07 million for the year ended September 30, 2023. It was primarily attributable to the net proceeds of short-term bank borrowing of approximately $2.14 million and net proceeds from short-term investment of approximately $0.85 million, which is partially offset by net repayments to related party of approximately $0.92 million.

*Credit Facility*

In addition to equity financing, we mainly finance our operations through short-term and long-term revolving loans provided by a syndicate of banks, as listed in the table below. As of September 30, 2025, we had 8 outstanding short-term loans provided by thriteen (13) banks, totaling RMB 85,945,000 in the aggregate, or approximately $12.07 million with a term of six months to one year and 4 outstanding long-term loans provided by one (1) bank, totaling RMB 44,990,000 in the aggregate, or approximately $6.32 million with a term of more than one year. As per our agreement with these banks, all of the loans are expected to be renewed and funds can be accessed immediately when the outstanding principal and interest are repaid in full. This ensures that each loan can be repaid on time by both our working capital and the fund released from the other revolving loans. Most of our loans have fixed interest rate, while some loans are subject to variable interest rate, that are indicated in the table below. The weighted average annual interest rates 2.88% and 3.64% for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Short-term bank borrowings consisted of the following at September 30, 2025:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Bank Name** |<br>**Amount - RMB** | **Amount -**<br>**USD** | **Issuance**<br>**Date** | **Expiration**<br>**Date** |<br>**Interest** |
| Industrial Bank | 5000000 | 702346 | 2025-04-25 | 2026-04-24 | 2.70% |
| Industrial Bank | 4000000 | 561877 | 2025-04-27 | 2026-04-26 | 2.70% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 4000000 | 561877 | 2024-11-21 | 2025-11-21 | 3.50% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 3965000 | 556960 | 2025-02-19 | 2026-02-19 | 3.00% |
| CZBANK | 10000000 | 1404692 | 2025-08-28 | 2026-08-26 | 3.00% |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank | 6000000 | 842815 | 2025-01-22 | 2026-01-22 | 3.00% |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank | 6980000 | 980475 | 2025-05-15 | 2026-05-15 | 2.90% |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank | 7000000 | 983284 | 2025-07-18 | 2026-06-16 | 2.70% |
| China Everbright Bank | 5000000 | 702346 | 2025-06-23 | 2026-06-22 | 2.70% |
| China Everbright Bank | 5000000 | 702346 | 2025-06-23 | 2026-06-22 | 2.70% |
| Bank of China | 10000000 | 1404692 | 2025-03-24 | 2026-03-20 | 2.80% |
| CITIC BANK | 9500000 | 1334457 | 2025-01-06 | 2026-01-06 | 2.90% |
| CITIC BANK | 9500000 | 1334457 | 2025-02-10 | 2026-02-10 | 2.90% |
| Total | 85945000 | 12072623 |  |  |  |

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Long-term bank borrowings consisted of the following at September 30, 2025:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Bank Name** | **Amount -**<br>**Amount - RMB** | **Issuance**<br>**USD** | **Issuance**<br>**Date** | **Expiration**<br>**Date** |<br>**Interest** |
| China Minsheng Bank | 15000000 | 2107038 | 2025-07-22 | 2027-07-22 | 3.00% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 9990000 | 1403287 | 2025-07-30 | 2027-07-30 | 3.00% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 10000000 | 1404692 | 2025-08-05 | 2027-08-05 | 3.00% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 10000000 | 1404692 | 2025-08-11 | 2027-08-11 | 3.00% |
| Total | 44990000 | 6 ,319708 |  |  |  |

---

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Short-term bank borrowings consisted of the following at September 30, 2024:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Bank Name** | **Amount -**<br>**RMB** | **Amount -**<br>**USD** | **Issuance**<br>**Date** | **Expiration**<br>**Date** |<br>**Interest** |
| Industrial Bank | 9000000 | 1282490 | 2024-05-23 | 2025-05-23 | 3.15% |
| CZBANK | 1000000 | 142499 | 2024-09-30 | 2025-09-01 | 3.50% |
| CZBANK | 11000000 | 1567487 | 2024-09-30 | 2025-09-01 | 3.50% |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank | 9000000 | 1282490 | 2024-01-10 | 2025-01-10 | 3.90% |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank | 11000000 | 1567487 | 2024-01-12 | 2025-01-12 | 3.90% |
| China Everbright Bank | 10000000 | 1424989 | 2024-06-26 | 2025-06-25 | 3.05% |
| Bank of China | 6000000 | 854993 | 2024-03-22 | 2025-03-22 | 3.10% |
| Bank of China | 15000000 | 2137483 | 2023-11-24 | 2024-11-23 | 3.65% |
| Total | 72000000 | 10259918 |  |  |  |

---

Long-term bank borrowings consisted of the following at September 30, 2024:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Bank Name** | **Amount -**<br>**RMB** | **Amount -**<br>**USD** | **Issuance**<br>**Date** | **Expiration**<br>**Date** |<br>**Interest** |
| China Minsheng Bank | 9500000 | 1353739 | 2023-08-11 | 2025-08-11 | 3.80% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 14250000 | 2030609 | 2023-08-14 | 2025-08-14 | 3.80% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 19000000 | 2707478 | 2023-08-21 | 2025-08-20 | 3.80% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 9990000 | 1423564 | 2024-02-26 | 2025-05-20 | 3.66% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 5990000 | 853568 | 2024-02-27 | 2025-05-20 | 3.66% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 9800000 | 1396489 | 2024-03-25 | 2025-06-25 | 3.65% |
| Huaxia Bank | 6370000 | 907718 | 2023-03-27 | 2026-03-15 | 4.05% |
| Huaxia Bank | 6279000 | 894750 | 2023-03-28 | 2026-03-15 | 4.05% |
| Total | 81179000 | 11567915 |  |  |  |

---

These short-term bank borrowings are secured by the pledged assets listed below, and are guaranteed by certain shareholders, shareholders immediate family members and third-parties.

The carrying values of the Company's pledged assets to secure short-term and long-term borrowings by the Company are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Buildings, net | $1415792 | $828741 |
| Land use rights, net | 331258 | 348378 |
| Machinery, net | - | 911200 |
| Total | $1747050 | $2088319 |

---

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**C. Research and development, patents and licenses**

**Research and Development**

For the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we spent $859,697, $1,196,746 and $1,274,337 respectively, on R&D. We anticipate that we will focus our research and development efforts on improving existing products and developing new technology in the coming years.

The Research and Development team has 14 dedicated researchers and analysts focusing on mechanical design, mechatronics, CAD design, mold design and welding. Quality control is an important aspect of the teams work and ensuring quality at every stage of the process has been a key driver in maintaining and developing brand value for the Company.

**D. Trend Information**

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, income from continuing operations, profitability, liquidity or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition or results of operations.

**E. Critical Accounting Estimates**

**Use of Estimates**

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (US GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, allowances of accounts receivable, inventory valuation, useful life of property, plant and equipment and income taxes related to realization of deferred tax assets , right-of-use assets, stock-based compensation, and uncertain tax position. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

**Going Concern Consideration**

The consolidated financial statements for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

As reflected in the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred net losses of $4,015,330, $2,783,566 and $61,290,390 for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company had accumulated deficits amounted to $54,433,757 as of September 30, 2025. Net cash provided by operating activities was $736,397 for the year ended September 30, 2025. These conditions raised substantial doubts about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company meets its day-to-day working capital requirements through its bank facilities. Most of the bank borrowings as of September 30, 2025, that are repayable within the next 12 months, are subject to renewal, and the management is confident that these borrowings can be renewed upon expiration based on the Company's past experience and credit history. In addition, the Company had a positive working capital of $13,873,105 as of September 30, 2025.

In order to strengthen the Company's liquidity in the foreseeable future, the Company has taken the following measures:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) Negotiating with banks in advance for renewal and obtaining new banking facilities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) Taking various cost control measures to tighten the costs of operations; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) Implementing various strategies to enhance sales and profitability.

However, there can be no assurance that these plans and arrangements will be sufficient to fund the Companys ongoing capital expenditure, working capital, and other requirements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability or classification of asset and the amounts or classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. If the going concern assumption is not appropriate, material adjustments to the financial statements could be required.

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**Long-term investments**

Effective October 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-01 and related ASU 2018-03 concerning recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities. In adopting this new guidance, the Company has made an accounting policy election to adopt an adjusted cost method measurement alternative for investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values.

For equity investments that are accounted for using the measurement alternative, the Company initially records equity investments at cost but is required to adjust the carrying value of such equity investments through earnings when there is an observable transaction involving the same or a similar investment with the same issuer or upon an impairment.

**Accounts Receivable, net**

Accounts receivable arise from the product sales in the normal course of business. The Company usually determines the adequacy of reserves for doubtful accounts based on individual account analysis and historical collection trends. The Company establishes a provision for doubtful receivables when there is objective evidence that the Company may not be able to collect amounts due. The allowance is based on managements best estimates of specific losses on individual exposures. Based on management of customers credit and ongoing relationship, management makes conclusions whether any balances outstanding at the end of the period will be deemed uncollectible on an individual basis and on aging analysis basis. The provision is recorded against accounts receivables balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Uncollectible receivable are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable.

**Inventories**

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is principally determined using the weighted-average method. The Company records adjustments to inventory for excess quantities, obsolescence or impairment when appropriate to reflect inventory at net realizable value. These adjustments are based upon a combination of factors including current sales volume, market conditions, lower of cost or market analysis and expected realizable value of the inventory.

**Impairment of Long-lived Assets**

The Company management review the carrying values of long-lived assets whenever events and circumstances, such as a significant decline in the assets market value, obsolescence or physical damage affecting the asset, significant adverse changes in the assets use, deterioration in the expected level of the assets performance, cash flows for maintaining the asset are higher than forecast, indicate that the net book value of an asset may not be recovered through expected future cash flows from its use and eventual disposition. If the estimated cash flows from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are below the assets carrying value, then the asset is deemed to be impaired and written down to its fair value.

**Fair Value of Financial Instruments**

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, defines fair value, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities that qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

● Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

● Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in inactive markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

● Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology use one or more unobservable inputs which are significant to the fair value measurement.

For the Company's financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investment, accounts receivable, accounts payable, short-term investment, other current assets, due to related parties, convertible notes, lease liabilities, other liabilities, notes receivable, notes payable, bank borrowings, long-term prepayment, long-term accounts receivable, other receivables and other borrowings, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to their short maturities as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. For lease liabilities, fair value approximates their carrying value at the year end as the interest rates used to discount the host contracts approximate market rates. The carrying amount of the non-current bank borrowings approximates its fair value due to the fact that the related interest rate approximates the interest rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities.

The Company noted no transfers between levels during any of the periods presented. The company did not identify any instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring nor non-recurring basis for the year ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

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**Critical Accounting Estimates.**

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (US GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, allowances of accounts receivable, inventory valuation, useful life of property, plant and equipment and income taxes related to realization of deferred tax assets, right-of-use assets, stock-based compensation, and uncertain tax position. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

**Impairment for non-financial assets. (Long-term prepayment, Long-term investment and Intangible assets)**

The carrying value of the long-term prepayment are reviewed for impairment only when events indicate the carrying value may be impaired. Impairment assessments require the use of estimates and assumptions. The provision for impairment of non-financial assets is determined by review of the estimated future cash flows. To assess impairment, estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time-value of money and risks specific to the related cash-generating unit. Significant judgement was applied in making estimates and assumptions about the future cash flows, including the appropriateness of discounts rates applied and operating performance. These critical estimates and assumptions are subject to risk and uncertainty. A significant, unforeseen downward adjustment in future prices and/or potential reserves could result in a material change in estimate non-financial assets impairment. Therefore, there is a possibility that changes in circumstances will impact the future cash flows or financial projections, which may impact the recoverable amount of those assets.

As disclosed in Note 7 to the Financial Statements, during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, the Company evaluated the recoverability of the three platforms, including Defi Exchange, xSigma Trading, and MaximNFT pursuant to ASC 360-10-35-21 and concluded that the carrying value of the three platforms may not be recoverable as it projects that the platform is likely to have continuing losses and its more likely than not this platform will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The Company wrote off the carrying value of the platform and recorded a loss of $10,346,769.

As disclosed in Note 8 to the Financial Statements, during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, due to he uncertainty of collection and prospect the research programs, the Company has fully written off of $9.83 million long-term prepayment.

As disclosed in Note 10 to the Financial Statements, during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, the Company has fully written of the investment in CG Malta and recorded impairment loss of $25,000,000 as CG Malta ceased operations and winded up.

**F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations**

The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2025:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Payment Due by Period** | **Payment Due by Period** | **Payment Due by Period** |
| <br>**Contractual Obligations** |<br>**Total** | **Less than**<br>**1 year** | **More than**<br>**5 years** |
| Short-term bank loans\* | $12072623 | $12072623 | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - |
| Long-term bank loans current portion\* | 3945077 | 3945077 |  |
| Long-term bank loans\* | 6319708 |  |  |
| Convertible debentures | 4998754 | 4998754 | - |
| **Total** | $27336162 | $21016454 | $- |

---

\* The numbers in the table are principle only and exclude interest payable.

**G. Safe Harbor**

See SPECIAL CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS.

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**ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES**

**6. A. Directors and Senior Management**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Age** | **Position(s)** |
| Jiancong Huang | 61 | Chairman of the Board |
| Ruihong Ma | 43 | Chief Executive Officer and Director |
| Xiaofen Jin | 45 | Chief Financial Officer |
| Yijing Tan | 25 | Secretary |
| Yannan Chuai | 31 | Independent Director & Chairman of the Nomination Committee |
| Ran An | 38 | Independent Director & Chairman of the Audit Committee |
| Tiesheng Zhang | 30 | Independent Director & Chairman of the Compensation Committee |

---

The business address of each of the officers and directors is c/o Zhejiang Zhengkang Industrial Co., Ltd., No. 678 Dingxiang Road, Binhai Industrial Park, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China 325025.

 ****

***Jiancong Huang***. Mr. Huang is one of the co-founders of our Company and Chairman of the Board since the beginning, and previously served as our Chief Executive Officer. In October 2025, Mr. Huang resigned as our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Huang has extensive experience in manufacturing industry and held President position in two companies before Zhengkang was founded. He earned his EMBA from Renmin University of China and Engineering Professional Title, and was awarded as Top 10 Wenzhou Entrepreneurship and appointed to be the Vice Director of China Construction and Building Standard and Safety Committee. He is also members of National Pipe Standard Committee and National Building Water Supply and Waste Standard Committee. Mr. Huang is an experienced corporate strategist and visionary with decades of experience on corporate management and innovation. He has a systematic ideology on the future of stainless steel pipe in the water and gas supply area. We believe his influence and expertise in the industry will greatly contribute to the growth of company and industry.

**Ruihong Ma.** Mr. Ma has served as our Chief Executive Officer since October 2025. Mr. Ma brings over 15 years of leadership experience in the engineering, pharmaceutical, and medical equipment sectors. From September 2016 to June 2024, he served as General Manager of Hebei Sowang Road & Bridge Engineering Co., Ltd. Prior to that, he was Sales Director of Xingtai Aisen Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. from 2010 to 2016, and Sales Manager of Xingtai Wanbang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. from 2005 to 2010. Mr. Ma holds a degree in Biology and Chemistry from Xingtai University.

**Xiaofen Jin.** Ms. Jin has served as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company's PRC subsidiary, Zhejiang Zhengkang Industrial Co., Ltd., since March 2023. Ms. Jin has over ten years of experience in accounting and financial management. Prior to joining the Company, she served as the Chief Financial Officer of Zhejiang Kingstone Houseware Co., Ltd., a kitchen knives and cutlery manufacturer from October 2021 to February 2023. From April 2019 to October 2021, Ms. Jin served as the Chief Financial Officer of Fangzheng Valve Group Co., Ltd., an industrial valves manufacturer. From March 2015 to February 2019, Ms. Jin served as the Chief Financial Officer of Wenzhou Jiahe Investment Management Co., Ltd., a capital markets financial service company. From May 2011 to March 2015, Ms. Jin served as a Financial Manager of Zhejiang YAT Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., a garden machinery, electric tools and intelligent products manufacturer. Ms. Jin received an associates degree in Electronic Data Processing Accounting from Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics in 2002.

**Ran An.** From June 2021 to October 2024, Mr. Ran An worked at Chongqing Huayu Group Co., Ltd. as a design engineer. From February 2016 to March 2020, he worked at Beijing Chunhuiyuan Entertainment Co,. Ltd as a R&D Manager. From February 2012 to October 2015, he worked at Xin Guang Group as a HR manager. Mr. An has an associate degree in International Trade Practice from Qingdao Qiu Shi Vocational School.

**Yannan Chuai.** Ms. Chuai has extensive experience in human resources management and corporate administration. She currently serves as Chief Human Resources Officer of Beijing Labaku Information Technology Co., Ltd.. From September 2023 to July 2024, she was Chief Human Resources Officer of Beijing Hui'anjin Technology Co., Ltd. From March 2018 to March 2020, she was Chief Human Resources Officer of BeijingTaibiao Co., Ltd. Ms. Chuai holds a degree from Yanjing University of Technology

**Tiesheng Zhang**. From August 2021 to January 2023, Mr. Tiesheng Zhang worked at Beijing Jiahe Mailian Information Technology Co,. Ltd as an IT manager. From July 2018 through July 2022, he worked at Zhongxin Network Technology Share Limited Company as an IT manager. Mr Zhang has a bachelor's degree in information technology from Hebei Technology Normal College.

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**6. B. Compensation**

**Director Compensation For the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024**

During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, no member of our board of directors, except the Non-Employee Directors as described below, received compensation in their capacity as directors.

**Compensation of Non-Employee Directors**

During the year ended September 30, 2025, we paid an aggregate of RMB 180,000 ($24,957) to our Non-Employee directors. During the year ended September 30, 2024, we paid an aggregate of RMB 238,578 ($33,116) to our Non-Employee directors.

**Executive Compensation**

Effective since May 22, 2017, our compensation committee is responsible to determine the compensation to be paid to our executive officers based on our financial and operating performance and prospects, and contributions made by the officers to our success. Each of the named officers will be measured by a series of performance criteria by the board of directors, or the compensation committee on a yearly basis. Such criteria will be set forth based on certain objective parameters such as job characteristics, required professionalism, management skills, interpersonal skills, related experience, personal performance and overall corporate performance.

Our compensation committee has adopted a charter for determining the amount of compensation paid to our executive officers. The compensation committee will make an independent evaluation of appropriate compensation to key employees, with input from management and has oversight of executive compensation plans, policies and programs.

**Summary Compensation Table**

The following table presents summary information regarding the total compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to each of the named executive officers for services rendered to us for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

 ****

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Name and Principal Position** | <br>**Fiscal Year** |<br>**Salary ($)** |<br>**Bonus ($)** | **Stock**<br>**Awards ($)** | **All Other**<br>**Compensation ($)** |<br>**Total ($)** |
| Jiancong Huang (1) | 2025 | 108146 |  |  |  | 108146 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;*Chairman and former Chief Executive Officer* | 2024 | 98275 |  | 0 |  | 98275 |
| Ruihong Ma (2) | 2025 |  |  |  |  | 0 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;*Chief Executive Officer* | 2024 |  |  |  |  | 0 |
| Xiaofen Jin (3) | 2025 | 29116 |  |  |  | 29116 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;*Chief Financial Officer* | 2024 | 29149 |  |  |  | 29149 |
| Di Chen (4) | 2025 | 16638 |  |  |  | 16638 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;*Secretary* | 2024 | 16657 | 400000 |  |  | 416657 |

---

**(1)** Mr. Jiancong Huang resigned as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, effective October 3, 2025. According to the indefinite employment agreement with Jiancong Huang we have agreed to pay Mr. Huang an annual salary of RMB 780,000 (approximately $85,066). On October 3, 2025, the agreement was terminated.

**(2)** Effective October 3, 2025, Mr. Ruihong Ma was appointed as the director and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. We entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Ruihong Ma. Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Ma accepted the position of Chief Executive Officer and agreed to pay Mr. Ma an annual salary of USD $5,000

**(3)** Xiaofen
Jin was appointed the Chief Financial Officer of the Company on July 21, 2023. We entered into an employment agreement with Xiaofen Jin.
Pursuant to the agreement, Ms. Jin has accepted the position of Chief Financial Officer and we have agreed to pay Ms. Jin an annual salary
of RMB 210,000 (approximately $29,149).

**(4)** We entered into an employment agreement with Di Chen. Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Chen has accepted the position of Secretary and we have agreed to pay Mr. Chen an annual salary of RMB 120,000 (approximately $16,657).

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**Employment Agreements**

Our employment agreements with our officers generally provide for employment for a specific term (typically approximately three years at a time) and pay annual salary, health insurance, pension insurance, and paid vacation and family leave time. The agreement may be terminated by either party as permitted by law. In the event of any termination of the agreement by our company that results in violation of applicable labor laws, we shall pay the employee all damages incurred from such termination. In the event of a breach or termination causing loss to our company by the employee, the employee shall pay all economic loss we had incurred as a result.

**Equity Incentive Plans**

In March 2021, the Company adopted the 2021 equity incentive plan (the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan), which provides for an aggregate of 600,000 ordinary shares (4,200,000 shares prior to the one for seven Reverse Share Split) to be available for awards to current or prospective employees, directors, advisors or consultants of the Company or its affiliates.

The following table summarizes, as of the date of this annual report, the number of the stock awards granted under the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan to our directors and executive officers. The numbers in the following table reflect the Reverse Share Split.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Number of Shares** | **Number of Shares** | **Date of Issuance** | **Date of Issuance** |
| Shaochai Yang |  | 11428 |  | 7,142 shares were issued on June 15, 2022 and, 4,285 shares were issued on March 15, 2023 |
| Di Chen |  | 4285 |  | June 15, 2022 |

---

As of the date of this annual report, other grantees under the 2021 Stock Incentive Plan as a group held awards representing 572,429 ordinary shares (4,007,000 shares prior to the Reverse Share Split).

On August 20, 2025, the Company adopted a 2025 equity incentive plan (the "2025 Equity Incentive Plan") to motivate, attract and retain directors, consultants or key employees to exert their best efforts on behalf of the Company and link their personal interests to those of the Company's shareholders. The 2025 Equity Incentive Plan has a maximum number of 650,000 ordinary shares of the Company available for issuance pursuant to all awards under the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan.

The following table summarizes, as of the date of this annual report, the number of the stock awards granted under the 2025 Stock Incentive Plan to our directors and executive officers.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Number of Shares** | **Number of Shares** | **Date of Issuance** |
| Di Chen |  | 63000 | October 21, 2025 |

---

As of the date of this annual report, other grantees under the 2025 Stock Incentive Plan as a group held awards representing 650,000 ordinary shares.

**6. C. Board Practices**

**Election of Officers**

Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors, including our Chairman Jiancong Huang, Chief Executive Officer Ruihong Ma, Chief Financial Officer Xiaofen Jin and Secretary Di Chen. There is no family relationship among any of our directors or executive officers.

**Board of Directors**

Our board of directors currently consists of 5 directors, a majority of whom are independent as such term is defined by the Nasdaq Capital Market.

A director may vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which he is interested, provided, however that the nature of the interest of any director in any such contract or transaction shall be disclosed by him at or prior to its consideration and any vote on that matter. A general notice or disclosure to the directors or otherwise contained in the minutes of a meeting or a written resolution of the directors or any committee thereof of the nature of a directors interest shall be sufficient disclosure and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction. A director may be counted for a quorum upon a motion in respect of any contract or arrangement which he shall make with our company, or in which he is so interested and may vote on such motion.

Mr. Jiancong Huang currently holds the positions of Chairman of the Board. Mr. Ruihong Ma currently holds the positions of Chief Executive Officer of the Board. We do not have a lead independent director because of the foregoing reason and also because we believe our independent directors are encouraged to freely voice their opinions on a relatively small company board.Our board of directors plays a key role in our risk oversight. The board of directors makes all relevant Company decisions. As a smaller company with a small board of directors, we believe it is appropriate to have the involvement and input of all of our directors in risk oversight matters.

**Corporate Governance**

The business and affairs of the company are managed under the direction of our Board. We have conducted Board meetings regularly since inception. Each of our directors has attended all meetings either in person, via telephone conference, or through written consent for special meetings. Stockholders will be given specific information on how he/she can direct communications to the officers and directors of the Company at our annual stockholders meetings. All communications from stockholders are relayed to the members of the Board.

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**Board Committees**

We have established and adopted charters for five standing committees under the board: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Nomination Committee, Governance and Human Resources Committees and Enterprise Risk Oversight Committee. Except for the Enterprise Risk Oversight Committee, each Committee consists of only independent directors of the Company. The Board also adopted charters for i) the Enterprise and Risk Oversight Committee, ii) Risk and Information Security Committee, iii) Social Media Committee, and iv) Regulatory, Compliance & Government Affairs Committee. The charters will be implemented upon formation of each respective committee.

● **Audit Committee:** Ran An (Chair), Tiesheng Zhang,Yannan Chuai

● **Compensation Committee:** Tiesheng Zhang (Chair),Ran An,Yannan Chuai

● **Nomination Committee:** Yannan Chuai (Chair), Tiesheng Zhang, Ran An

● **Governance and Human Resources Committee Committee:** Yannan Chuai, Tiesheng Zhang, Ran An

● **Enterprise Risk Oversight Committee:** Yannan Chuai, Tiesheng Zhang, Ran An

The Board also adopted an insider trading policy that allows insiders to sell securities of the Company pursuant to pre-arranged trading plans.

This insider trading policy was put into place because effective October 23, 2000, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) adopted rules related to insider trading. One of these rules, Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, provides an exemption to the insider trading rules in the form of an affirmative defense. Rule 10b5-1 recognizes the creation of formal programs under which executives and other insiders may sell the securities of publicly traded companies on a regular basis pursuant to written plans that are entered into at a time when the plan participants are not aware of material non-public information and that otherwise comply with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1.

The Board also adopted a written disclosure policy, which applies to all directors, officers and employees of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, to ensure that communications to the investing public about the Company are timely, factual and accurate and are broadly disseminated in accordance with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements.

In addition, the Board adopted a whistleblower procedure that provides the Audit Committee the responsibility to ensure proper procedure of the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints about the Company's accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters. The Audit Committee must also provide for confidential, anonymous submission by the Company's employees of concerns about questionable accounting or auditing matters.

Lastly, the Board adopted a corporate governance policy for its website content, as well as procedures for shareholders communication with Directors. With all of the above referenced charters and procedures in place, the Company is committed to corporate governance practices that are compliance with applicable laws, regulations and exchange requirements.

The functions of each committee the Company formed and adopted charters for as of the date of this annual report are described below:

**Audit Committee**

The Audit Committee shall make such examinations as are necessary to monitor the corporate financial reporting and external audits of the Company and its subsidiaries; to provide to the Board the results of its examinations and recommendations derived therefrom; to outline to the Board improvements made, or to be made, in internal accounting controls; to nominate an independent auditor; and to provide to the Board such additional information and materials as it may deem necessary to make the Board aware of significant financial matters requiring Board attention.

With the resignation of Hedong Xu from the Board of Directors and Audit Committee (effective October 19, 2025), none of the present audit committee members met the criteria of an "audit committee financial expert" as defined by the regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and therefore, as of the date of this Annual Report, there is no audit committee financial expert. Our Board of Directors is actively working on identifying and appointing a qualified and capable new independent director who also meets the criteria of an "audit committee financial expert" and fulfills the requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market standards.

**Compensation Committee**

The purpose of the Compensation Committee is to review and make recommendations to the Board regarding all forms of compensation to be provided to the executive officers and directors of the Company, including stock compensation and loans, and all bonus and stock compensation to all employees.

**Nomination Committee**

The purpose of the Nomination Committee shall be to review and make recommendations to the Board regarding matters concerning corporate governance; review the composition of and evaluate the performance of the Board; recommend persons for election to the Board and evaluate director compensation; review the composition of committees of the Board and recommend persons to be members of such committees; review and maintain compliance of committee membership with applicable regulatory requirements; and review conflicts of interest of members of the Board and corporate officers.

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**Governance and Human Resources Committee**

The Governance and Human Resources Committee shall be responsible for developing Company's approach to the Board and corporate governance issues; helping to maintain an effective working relationship between the Board and management; exercising, within the limits imposed by the by-laws of the Company, by applicable laws, and by the Board, the powers of the Board for the management and direction of the affairs of the Company during the intervals between meetings of the Board; reviewing and making recommendations to the Board for the appointment of senior executives of the Company and for considering their terms of employment; reviewing succession planning, matters of compensation; recommending awards under the Company's long term and short term incentive plans; assuming the role of administrator, whether by delegation or by statute, for the corporate-sponsored registered pension plans and the Supplementary Executive Retirement Plan of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and any future, additional or replacement plans relating to the plans; and monitoring the investment performance of the trust funds for the plans and compliance with applicable legislation and investment policies.

The Governance and Human Resources Committee shall also review any red flags or issues that may arise out of the Compensation Committee compensation and award recommendations and report them to the board of directors. The Compensation Committee and Governance and Human Resources Committee, at times, may be collaborative but will not coordinate as the process is intended to be a checks and balance approach. It is being set up as an internal control mechanism that would safeguard against fraud and errors due to omission.

**Enterprise Risk Oversight Committee**

The Enterprise Risk Oversight Committee shall oversee the effectiveness of risk management policies, procedures and practices implemented by management of the Corporation with respect to strategic, operational, environmental, health and safety, human resources, legal and compliance and other risks faced by the Corporation. The committee shall i) review executive managements assessment of the Company's material risk exposures and the Company's actions to identify, monitor and mitigate such exposures, ii) review executive managements implementation of systems and controls designed to promote compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, iii) report to the Board on an annual basis with respect to the committees review of the Company's material risks and measures in place to mitigate them, and at least annually in respect of the committees other activities.

Copy of our committee charters available on our corporate investor relations website at www.zkinternationalgroup.com.

**Duties of Directors**

Under British Virgin Islands law, our directors have a duty to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached.

The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:

● appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;

● authorizing the payment of donations to religious, charitable, public or other bodies, clubs, funds or associations as deemed advisable;

● exercising the borrowing powers of the company and mortgaging the property of the company;

● executing checks, promissory notes and other negotiable instruments on behalf of the company; and

● maintaining or registering a register of mortgages, charges or other encumbrances of the company.

**Interested Transactions**

A director may vote, attend a board meeting or sign a document on our behalf with respect to any contract or transaction in which he or she is interested. A director must promptly disclose the interest to all other directors after becoming aware of the fact that he or she is interested in a transaction we have entered into or are to enter into. A general notice or disclosure to the board or otherwise contained in the minutes of a meeting or a written resolution of the board or any committee of the board that a director is a shareholder, director, officer or trustee of any specified firm or company and is to be regarded as interested in any transaction with such firm or company will be sufficient disclosure, and, after such general notice, it will not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction.

**Remuneration and Borrowing**

The directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid all traveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board of directors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist the directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors. Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge our undertakings and property or any part thereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the company or of any third party.

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**Qualification**

There are no membership qualifications for directors. Further, there are no share ownership qualifications for directors unless so fixed by us in a general meeting. There are no other arrangements or understandings pursuant to which our directors are selected or nominated.

**Director Compensation**

Employee directors do not receive any compensation for their services. Non-employee directors are entitled to receive an as-yet undetermined cash fee for serving as directors and may receive option grants from our company. In addition, non-employee directors are entitled to receive compensation for their actual travel expenses for each board of directors meeting attended.

**Terms of Directors and Officers**

All directors hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders at which they would be recommended for re-election by the shareholders and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. Officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors. Our directors may be elected by a resolution of our board of directors, or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Each of our directors will hold office until the expiration of his or her term as provided in the written agreement with our company, if any, and until his or her successor has been elected or appointed. A director will cease to be a director if, among other things, the director (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (ii) dies or is found by our company to be or becomes of unsound mind, (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing to the company, or (iv) without special leave of absence from our board, is absent from three consecutive board meetings and our directors resolve that his office be vacated. Our officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors.

**Limitation of Director and Officer Liability**

Under British Virgin Islands law, each of our directors and officers, in performing his or her functions, is required to act honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. British Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a Company's memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any indemnification provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy (for example, a provision for indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime).

Under our memorandum and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigative proceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our directors. To be entitled to indemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings, they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether such a person acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the company and as to whether the person had no reasonable to cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful is, in the absence of fraud, sufficient for the purposes of the indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement, conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that a director did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interests or that the director had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. These provisions will not limit the liability of directors under United States federal securities laws.

We may indemnify anyone serving at our request as a director of another entity against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with legal, administrative or investigative proceedings. To be entitled to indemnification, such a person must have acted honestly and in good faith with the view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, must have had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The decision of our board of directors as to whether the person acted honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and as to whether the person had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful, is in the absence of fraud sufficient for the purposes of indemnification, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement, conviction or the entry of no plea does not, by itself, create a presumption that the person did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to our best interests or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.

We may purchase and maintain insurance in relation to any of our directors or officers against any liability asserted against the directors or officers and incurred by the directors or officers in that capacity, whether or not we have or would have had the power to indemnify the directors or officers against the liability as provided in our memorandum and articles of association.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors, officers or persons controlling our company under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

**Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings**

To the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or officers has been convicted in a criminal proceeding, excluding traffic violations or similar misdemeanors, nor has any been a party to any judicial or administrative proceeding during the past five years that resulted in a judgment, decree or final order enjoining the person from future violations of, or prohibiting activities subject to, federal or state securities laws, or a finding of any violation of federal or state securities laws, except for matters that were dismissed without sanction or settlement. Except as set forth in our discussion below in Related Party Transactions, our directors and officers have not been involved in any transactions with us or any of our affiliates or associates which are required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

**Clawback Policy**

We have adopted a policy for the recovery of erroneously awarded incentive-based compensation (the "Clawback Policy") providing for the recovery of certain incentive-based compensation from current and former executive officers in the event of counting restatement of any of the Company's financial statements filed with the Commission under the Exchange Act, or the Securities Act of 1933, due to the Company's material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under U.S. securities laws. A copy of the Clawback Policy is filed as Exhibit 97.1 to this Transition Report on Form 20-F.

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**6. D. Employees** 

As of September 30, 2025, we employed a total of 274 employees, including 28 within management, 14 within the Research and Development Department, 153 within the Production Department, 57 within the Sales Department and 22 within the Administrative Support Department. Our employees are not represented by a labor organization or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have not experienced any work stoppages. We are required under PRC law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at specified percentages of our after-tax profit. In addition, we are required by PRC law to cover employees in China with various types of social insurance. All of our employees are covered by worker compensation insurance arising from any job-related injuries. With respect to retirement benefits, as most of our employees are from other cities outside of Wenzhou where their retirement insurances are registered locally at their respective hometowns. The authorities in Wenzhou have instead required companies in Wenzhou to increase their coverage for Migrant Workers Medical Insurance in order to improve workers employment welfare. 100% of our employees are covered by the five statutory social benefits, and 100% are covered by Occupational Injury Insurance. Companies are not required to make contribution to the local Housing Pension in Wenzhou for the employees and since most employees are from other regions outside of Wenzhou, most of them have opted out. As of September 30, 2025, we are making contribution to the Housing Pension for 10 employees.

**ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS**

**7. A. Major Shareholders**

The following table sets forth information with respect to beneficial ownership of our Ordinary Shares as of the date of this annual report by:

● Each person who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares;

● Each of our director, director nominees and named executive officers; and

● All directors and named executive officers as a group.

The number and percentage of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned are based on **17,272,308** Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of the date of this annual report. Information with respect to beneficial ownership has been furnished by each director, officer or beneficial owner of more than 5% of our Ordinary Shares. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally requires that such person have voting or investment power with respect to securities. In computing the number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by a person listed below and the percentage ownership of such person, Ordinary Shares underlying options, warrants or convertible securities held by each such person that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days of the date of this annual report are deemed outstanding, but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table, or as required by applicable community property laws, all persons listed have sole voting and investment power for all Ordinary Shares shown as beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes, the address for each principal shareholder is in the care of our Company at No. 678 Dingxiang Road, Binhai Industrial Park, Economic & Technology Development Zone, Wenzhou, P.R. China 325020.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Named Executive Officers and Directors** | **Amount of**<br> **Beneficial**<br>**Ownership <sup>(1)</sup>** | <br>**Percentage**<br> **Ownership <sup>(2)</sup>** |
| **Directors and Named Executive Officers:** |  |  |
| Jiancong Huang(3)% |  |  |
| Xiaofen Jin% |  |  |
| Di Chen | 67286 | 0.39% |
| Yannan Chuai% |  |  |
| Ran An% |  |  |
| Ruihong Ma% |  |  |
| Tiesheng Zhang% |  |  |
| **All directors and executive officers as a group (7 persons)** | 952125 | 5.51% |
| **5% Beneficial Owners:** |  |  |
| Golden Hill Investment Management Co., LTD (3) | 952125 | 5.51% |

---

\* Less than 1%

(1) Beneficial
ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to the ordinary
shares. All shares represent only ordinary shares held by shareholders as no options are issued or outstanding.

(2) Calculation based on 17,272,308 ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of the date of this annual report.

(3) Golden Hill Investment Management Co., LTD holds 952,125 ordinary shares of the Company. Golden Hill Investment Management Co., LTD has a total of fiver shareholders: Jiancong Huang, the Director and Chairman of the Board of the Company, holding 31.94%, Guolin Wang, the former director of the Company, holding 31.41%, and three other individuals who holds 27.49%, 5.5% and 3.66% respectively. Jiancong Huang is the sole director of Golden Hill Investment Management Co., LTD. The shareholders of Golden Hill Investment Management Co., LTD entered an agreement to vote in concert in ZK International on May 13, 2015. Pursuant to the agreement, which has a term of 20 years from its effective date of May 13, 2015, if the parties are unable to reach a unanimous consent in relation to the matters requiring action in concert, a decision made by more than 50% of the voting rights of the parties will be deemed a decision unanimously passed by all parties and will be binding on all parties. As a result, none of the shareholders of Golden Hill Investment Management Co., LTD has sole voting power or dispositive power of the ordinary shares of the Company held by Golden Hill Investment Management Co., LTD. Under the rule of three, if voting and dispositive decisions regarding an entity's securities are made by three or more individuals, and voting and dispositive decisions require approval of a majority of those individuals, then none of the individuals is deemed a beneficial owner of the entity's securities.

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**7. B.Related Party Transactions**

Net amounts due to related parties consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
| <br>**Accounts** | <br>**Name of related parties** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Related party payables | Shareholder, HUANG Jian Cong | $- | $71740 |
| Related party payables | Affiliates of the Company | 13064 | 145166 |
| Related party receivables | Shareholder, HUANG Jian Cong | 177658 |  |

---

Related party payables represented unsecured and interest free borrowings between the Company and Huang Jiancong and other related parties to the Company. For the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had outstanding loans with total amount of $nil and $71,740 from its shareholder, HUANG Jian Cong.

Related party receivables represented unsecured and interest free borrowings between the Company and Huang Jiancong. For the years ended September 30, 2025, the Company had outstanding advance to Huang Jianxong with amount of $177,658, and the amount was subsequently fully repaid.

**7. C.Interests of experts and counsel**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

**8. A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information**

Please refer to Item 18.

**Litigations**

Except as set forth below and disclosed elsewhere in the annual report, currently there is no legal proceeding pending or threatened against to which we are a party of. However, from time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise.

During 2010, we entered into two loan agreements with Raozhou Dianli Ltd and Xianjin Cao, and advanced RMB 9 million on the first loan and RMB 1.5 million on the second loan, totaled RMB 10.5 million (approximately USD 1.52 million). The terms of these two loans are both one year. Both borrowers defaulted without making any repayment when the terms expired. We later sued these two parties and, pursuant to the final judgement ruled by Jiangsu High Peoples Court, are entitled to a repayment of RMB 10.5 million plus interest with an interest rate that is four times higher than the normal interest rate in the corresponding period. The claim has been secured by real estate assets of Raozhou Dianli Ltd, which has been seized by the Court and has an appraised value of RMB 143.1 million, or about USD 21.5 million as of September 19, 2017, according the recent appraisal report, which is much higher than our claim. We are listed as the first-in-line creditor and the management believes that we will receive repayment of RMB 10.5 million plus the outstanding interest. We recorded the entire RMB 10.5 million as Other Receivable. As of September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance is RMB 4.4 million (USD 0.62 million)***,*** RMB 4.4 million (USD 0.63 million) and RMB 4.4 million (USD 0.60 million), respectively.

In the opinion of the management, after consultation with the Company's legal counsel, the management believes it is probable the balance will be collected as the debtor has real properties worth much more than the debt owed to the Company, however due to the illiquidity of real estate market and recent real estate market recession, the Company has written off the balance and recorded bad debt charge of $623,821. There were no other legal matters that are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position as of September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023 and the results of operations or cash flows for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023.

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**Compliance with Nasdaq Continued Listing Rules**

<u>Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1)</u>

On October 13, 2022, the Company received written notice from the Listing Qualifications Department (the Staff) of the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (Nasdaq) notifying the Company that, based on the closing bid price of the Company's ordinary shares for the last 30 consecutive trading days, the Company was no longer in compliance with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share (the Minimum Bid Price Requirement), and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the Minimum Bid Price Requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive trading days.

On April 12, 2023, the Company received a written notice from Nasdaq stating that, although the Company had not regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement by April 11, 2023, in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company is eligible for an additional 180 calendar day period, or until October 9, 2023, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). To regain compliance, the closing bid price of the Company's ordinary shares must meet or exceed $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days during this 180-day period.

On October 10, 2023, the Company received written notice from Nasdaq that, based upon the Company's non-compliance with the $1.00 bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) as of October 10, 2023, the Company's securities were subject to delisting unless the Company timely requests a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the Panel).

On November 15, 2023, the Company announced that the Panel has granted the Company a temporary exception, enabling it to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.

On December 21, 2023, the Staff notified the Company that because Nasdaq has determined that for 10 consecutive business days, from December 6, 2023 through December 20, 2023, the closing bid price of the Company's ordinary shares has been at $1.00 per share or greater, the Company has regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and the matter is closed.

On February 15, 2024, the Company received written notice from Nasdaq notifying the Company that, based on the closing bid price of the Company's ordinary shares for the last 30 consecutive trading days, the Company was no longer in compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Pursuant to the Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company has been provided an initial compliance period of 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of the Ordinary Shares must be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive trading days prior to August 13, 2024, and the Company must otherwise satisfy The Nasdaq Capital Markets requirements for listing.

On August 14, 2024, the Company received a written notice from Nasdaq stating that, although the Company had not regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement by August 13, 2024, in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company is eligible for an additional 180 calendar day period, or until February 10, 2025, to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). To regain compliance, the closing bid price of the Company's ordinary shares must meet or exceed $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days during this 180-day period. If the Company does not regain compliance within the allotted compliance period(s), including any extensions that may be granted by Nasdaq, Nasdaq will issue a delisting determination letter. The Company may, within seven calendar days of the date of the delisting determination letter, request in writing a written or oral hearing before a Panel to review the delisting determination,

On January 14, 2025, the board of directors of the Company approved a reverse share split ratio of 1-for-7. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain compliance with the Nasdaq Capital Markets continued listing requirements on or before February 10, 2025 or that Nasdaq will grant the Company a further extension of time to regain compliance, if applicable. If we fail to regain compliance with Nasdaqs listing rules, our ordinary shares could be subject to suspension and delisting. If the ordinary shares loses its listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, the ordinary shares would likely trade in the over-the-counter market. See Item 3. Key Information - 3.D Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, we face possible suspension of trading and delisting, which would result in a limited public market for our shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.

On February 14, 2025, the Company received formal notification from Nasdaq, that the Company has regained compliance with the Nasdaq Minimum Bid Price Requirement. Nasdaq made this determination of compliance after the closing bid price of the Company's ordinary shares was at $1.00 per share or greater for the last 10 consecutive business days from January 31, 2025 to February 13, 2025. Accordingly, the Company has regained compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) and Nasdaq considers the prior bid price deficiency matter now closed.

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<u>Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1)</u>

On February 20, 2024, the Company received a written notice from the Nasdaq, notifying the Company that, since the Company had not yet filed its annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended September 30, 2023, it no longer complies with Nasdaq Listing Rules for continued listing under Listing Rule 5250(c)(1).

Under Nasdaq Listing Rules, the Company has 60 calendar days to submit a plan of compliance to Nasdaq. The Company timely submitted a plan of compliance to Nasdaq and on April 29, 2024, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq notifying it that Nasdaq granted the Company an exception to enable it to regain compliance with the Rule (the Exception). Pursuant to the Exception, the Company must file its Form 20-F for the period ended September 30, 2023 on or before June 7, 2024. Upon a subsequent request, Nasdaq has provided a further extension through August 13, 2024. In the event the Company does not satisfy these terms, Nasdaq will provide written notification that the securities of the Company will be delisted. At that time, the Company may appeal Nasdaqs determination to a Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Panel and request a hearing.

On August 12, 2024, the Company filed its annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended September 30, 2023.

On August 14, 2024, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq notifying the Company that it has regained compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250 (c) (1) regarding the filing of the annual report.

<u>Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A)</u>

Effective October 19, 2025, Hedong Xu resigned from our Board of Directors and Audit Committee. Prior to his resignation, Mr. Xu served as Chair of the Audit Committee, Chair of the Compensation Committee, and a member of the Nomination Committee, the Governance and Human Resource Committee and the Enterprise Risk Oversight Committee of the Company, and had been determined by the Board to be an "audit committee financial expert" in accordance with SEC rules and a "financially sophisticated audit committee member" under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A). Following the resignation of Mr. Xu, none of the current members of the Audit Committee are a "financially sophisticated audit committee member" under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A). The Board of Directors is actively working on identifying and appointing a qualified and capable new independent director who also meets the criteria of an "audit committee financial expert" and is a "financially sophisticated audit committee member" under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(c)(2)(A).

**Cash Transfers Between Our Company and Our Subsidiaries**

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023 and until the date of this annual report, there has been no transfers, dividends, or distributions between ZK International, its subsidiaries, or to investors.

**Dividend Policy**

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our ordinary shares. We anticipate that we will retain any earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business. Therefore, we do not expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on a number of factors, including future earnings, capital requirements, financial conditions and future prospects and other factors the Board of Directors may deem relevant. Subject to the PFIC rules, the gross amount of distributions we make to investors with respect to our ordinary shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) will be taxable as a dividend, to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles.

Under British Virgin Islands law, we may only pay dividends from surplus (the excess, if any, at the time of the determination of the total assets of our company over the sum of our liabilities, as shown in our books of account, plus our capital), and we must be solvent before and after the dividend payment in the sense that we will be able to satisfy our liabilities as they become due in the ordinary course of business; and the realizable value of assets of our company will not be less than the sum of our total liabilities, other than deferred taxes as shown on our books of account, and our capital.

If we determine to pay dividends on any of our ordinary shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our operating subsidiaries. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to ZK Pipe only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entity in China is also required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its board of directors. Although the statutory reserves can be used, among other ways, to increase the registered capital and eliminate future losses in excess of retained earnings of the respective companies, the reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation. Our subsidiaries in China are required to set aside statutory reserves and have done so.

In addition, pursuant to the EIT Law and its implementation rules, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and distributed to us by our PRC subsidiaries are subject to withholding tax at a rate of 10% unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC-resident enterprises are incorporated.

Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. Specifically, under the existing exchange restrictions, without prior approval of SAFE, cash generated from the operations in China may be used to pay dividends to our company.

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**8. B. Significant Changes**

We have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

**ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING**

**9. A. Offer and listing details**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**9. B. Plan of distribution**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**9. C. Markets**

Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol ZKIN.

**9. D. Selling shareholders**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**9. E. Dilution**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**9. F. Expenses of the issue**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION**

**10. A. Share capital**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**10. B. Memorandum and articles of association**

ZK International was incorporated on May 13, 2015 under the BVI Companies Act, 2004 as a company limited by shares. We are authorized to issue unlimited ordinary shares with no par value. As of the date of this annual report, there were 17,272,308 ordinary shares issued and outstanding.

Our memorandum and articles of association do not permit a director to decide what compensation he or she will receive. All decisions about the compensation of directors will be recommended by the compensation committee, upon its formation, and approved by the board of directors as a whole, both acting only when a quorum of members is present.

The following are summaries of the material provisions of our memorandum and articles of association and the BVI Act, insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares.

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**Description of Ordinary Shares**

**General**

All of our issued ordinary shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Each holder of ordinary shares is entitled to a certificate specifying the number of ordinary shares held by him, her or it. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the British Virgin Islands may freely hold and vote their ordinary shares.

**Listing**

Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol ZKIN.

**Transfer Agent and Registrar**

The transfer agent and registrar for the ordinary shares is Securities Transfer Corporation, 2901 N Dallas Parkway, Suite 380, Plano, Texas 75093.

**Distributions**

The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends or other distributions as may be authorised by our board of directors, subject to the BVI Act and our memorandum and articles of association.

**Shareholders voting rights**

Any action required or permitted to be taken by the shareholders must be taken at a duly called meeting of the shareholders entitled to vote on such action. At each meeting of shareholders, each shareholder who is present in person or by proxy (or, in the case of a shareholder being a corporation, by its duly authorized representative) will have one vote for each ordinary share which such shareholder holds. An action that may be taken by the shareholders at a meeting may also be taken by a resolution of shareholders consented to in writing.

**Election of directors**

The laws of the British Virgin Islands do not specifically prohibit or restrict the creation of cumulative voting rights for the election of our directors. Cumulative voting is not a concept that is accepted as a common practice in the British Virgin Islands, and we have made no provisions in our memorandum and articles of association to allow cumulative voting for elections of directors.

**Meetings of Shareholders**

Any of our directors may convene a meeting of shareholders at any time and in any manner and place the director considers necessary or desirable. The director convening a meeting must not give less than seven days notice of the meeting to those shareholders whose names appear as shareholders in the register of shareholders on the date of the notice and are entitled to vote at the meeting, and the other directors. Our board of directors must convene a meeting of shareholders upon the written request of shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested within 28 days of receiving the written request. A meeting of shareholders held in contravention of the requirement to give notice is valid if shareholders holding at least 90% of the total voting rights on all the matters to be considered at the meeting have waived notice of the meeting and, for this purpose, the presence of a shareholder at the meeting shall constitute waiver in relation to all the shares which that shareholder holds.

The quorum for a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the beginning of the meeting, there are present in person or by proxy not less than one-third (33.3)% of the votes of the shares (or class or series of shares) entitled to vote on the resolutions to be considered at the meeting. A quorum may comprise a single shareholder or proxy. If within two hours from the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of the shareholders, will be dissolved. In any other case, it will stand adjourned to the next business day in the jurisdiction in which the meeting was to have been held at the same time and place or to such other time and place as the directors may determine, and if at the adjourned meeting there are present within one hour from the time appointed for the meeting in person or by proxy not less than one third of the votes of the shares or each class or series of shares entitle to vote on the matter to be considered by the meeting, those present will constitute a quorum but otherwise the meeting will be dissolved.

**Meetings of directors**

Our business and affairs are managed by our board of directors who make decisions by voting on resolutions of directors. Our directors are free to meet at such times and in such manner and places within or outside the BVI as they determine to be necessary or desirable. A director must be given not less than 3 days notice of a meeting of directors. At any meeting of directors, a quorum will be present if not less than one half of the total number of directors is present, unless there are only 2 directors in which case the quorum is 2. An action that may be taken by the directors at a meeting may also be taken by a resolution of directors consented to in writing by a majority of the directors.

A person other than an individual which is a shareholder may by a resolution of its directors or other governing body authorise any individual it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of shareholders. The authorized representative shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the person which he represents as that person could exercise if it were an individual.

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**Protection of minority shareholders**

We would normally expect British Virgin Islands courts to follow English case law precedents, which would permit a minority shareholder to commence a representative action, or derivative actions in our name, to challenge (1) an act which is ultra vires or illegal, (2) an act which constitutes a fraud against the minority by parties in control of us, (3) an infringement of individual rights of the minority shareholder (such as the right to vote and pre-emptive rights), and (4) an irregularity in the passing of a resolution which requires a special or extraordinary majority of the shareholders.

**Pre-emptive rights**

There are no pre-emptive rights applicable to the issue by us of new ordinary shares under either British Virgin Islands law or our memorandum and articles of association.

**Transfer of Ordinary Shares**

Subject to the restrictions in our memorandum and articles of association and applicable securities laws, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by written instrument of transfer signed by the transferor and containing the name and address of the transferee. Our board of directors may not resolve to refuse or delay the transfer of any ordinary share unless the shareholder has failed to pay an amount due in respect of it.

**Liquidation**

If we are wound up and the assets available for distribution among our shareholders are more than sufficient to repay all amounts paid to us on account of the issue of shares immediately prior to the winding up, the excess shall be distributable pari passu among those shareholders in proportion to the amount paid up immediately prior to the winding up on the shares held by them, respectively. If we are wound up and the assets available for distribution among the shareholders as such are insufficient to repay the whole of the amounts paid to us on account of the issue of shares, those assets shall be distributed so that, to the greatest extent possible, the losses shall be borne by the shareholders in proportion to the amounts paid up immediately prior to the winding up on the shares held by them, respectively. If we are wound up, the liquidator appointed by us may, in accordance with the BVI Act, divide among our shareholders in specie or kind the whole or any part of our assets (whether they shall consist of property of the same kind or not) and may, for such purpose, set such value as the liquidator deems fair upon any property to be divided and may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the shareholders or different classes of shareholders.

**Calls on ordinary shares and forfeiture of ordinary shares**

Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their ordinary shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified date of payment. Where such a notice has been issued its requirements have not been complied with, the directors may, at any time before the tender of payment, forfeit and cancel the ordinary shares to which the notice relates.

**Redemption of ordinary shares**

Subject to the provisions of the BVI Act, our board of directors may authorise the issuance of shares at such times, to such persons, for such consideration and on such terms as they may determine by a resolution of directors, subject to the BVI Act, our memorandum and articles of association and any applicable requirements imposed from time to time by the SEC, The Nasdaq Capital Market or any recognized stock exchange on which our securities are listed.

**Variation of rights**

All or any of the rights attached to any class of shares may subject to the provisions of the BVI Act be varied only with the consent in writing of, or a resolution passed at a meeting by the holders of more than 50% of the issued shares of that class.

**Changes in the number of shares we are authorized to issue and those in issue**

We may from time to time by resolution of our board of directors:

● amend our memorandum of association to increase or decrease the maximum number of shares we are authorized to issue;

● subject to our memorandum of association, divide our authorized and issued shares into a larger number of shares; and

● subject to our memorandum of association, combine our authorized and issued shares into a smaller number of shares.

**Inspection of books and records**

Under the BVI Act, holders of our ordinary shares are entitled, upon giving written notice to us, to inspect (i) our memorandum and articles of association, (ii) our register of shareholders, (iii) our register of directors and (iv) minutes of meetings and resolutions of our shareholders, and to make copies and take extracts from these documents and records. However, our directors can refuse access if they are satisfied that to allow such access would be contrary to our interests.

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**Rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders**

There are no limitations imposed by our memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

**Issuance of additional ordinary shares**

Our memorandum and articles of association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from authorized but unissued shares, to the extent available, at such times, to such persons, for such consideration and on such terms as they may determine by a resolution of directors.

**10. C. Material contracts**

We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and otherwise described elsewhere in this annual report.

**10. D. Exchange controls**

**PRC Laws and Regulations relating to Foreign Exchange**

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***General administration of foreign exchange***

The principal regulation governing foreign currency exchange in the PRC is the Administrative Regulations of the PRC on Foreign Exchange (the Foreign Exchange Regulations), which were promulgated on January 29, 1996, became effective on April 1, 1996 and were last amended on August 5, 2008. Under these rules, Renminbi is generally freely convertible for payments of current account items, such as trade- and service-related foreign exchange transactions and dividend payments, but not freely convertible for capital account items, such as capital transfer, direct investment, investment in securities, derivative products or loans unless prior approval by competent authorities for the administration of foreign exchange is obtained. Under the Foreign Exchange Regulations, foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC may purchase foreign exchange without the approval of SAFE to pay dividends by providing certain evidentiary documents, including board resolutions, tax certificates, or for trade- and services-related foreign exchange transactions, by providing commercial documents evidencing such transactions.

***Circular No. 75, Circular No. 37 and Circular No. 13***

Circular 37 was released by SAFE on July 4, 2014 and abolished Circular 75 which had been in effect since November 1, 2005. Pursuant to Circular 37, a PRC resident should apply to SAFE for foreign exchange registration of overseas investments before it makes any capital contribution to a special purpose vehicle, or SPV, using his or her legitimate domestic or offshore assets or interests. SPVs are offshore enterprises directly established or indirectly controlled by domestic residents for the purpose of investment and financing by utilizing domestic or offshore assets or interests they legally hold. Following any significant change in a registered offshore SPV, such as capital increase, reduction, equity transfer or swap, consolidation or division involving domestic resident individuals, the domestic individuals shall amend the registration with SAFE. Where an SPV intends to repatriate funds raised after completion of offshore financing to the PRC, it shall comply with relevant PRC regulations on foreign investment and foreign debt management. A foreign-invested enterprise established through return investment shall complete relevant foreign exchange registration formalities in accordance with the prevailing foreign exchange administration regulations on foreign direct investment and truthfully disclose information on the actual controller of its shareholders.

If any shareholder who is a PRC resident (as determined by the Circular No. 37) holds any interest in an offshore SPV and fails to fulfil the required foreign exchange registration with the local SAFE branches, the PRC subsidiaries of that offshore SPV may be prohibited from distributing their profits and dividends to their offshore parent company or from carrying out other subsequent cross-border foreign exchange activities. The offshore SPV may also be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital to its PRC subsidiaries. Where a domestic resident fails to complete relevant foreign exchange registration as required, fails to truthfully disclose information on the actual controller of the enterprise involved in the return investment or otherwise makes false statements, the foreign exchange control authority may order them to take remedial actions, issue a warning, and impose a fine of less than RMB300,000 on an institution or less than RMB50,000 on an individual.

Circular 13 was issued by SAFE on February 13, 2015, and became effective on June 1, 2015. Pursuant to Circular 13, a domestic resident who makes a capital contribution to an SPV using his or her legitimate domestic or offshore assets or interests is no longer required to apply to SAFE for foreign exchange registration of his or her overseas investments. Instead, he or she shall register with a bank in the place where the assets or interests of the domestic enterprise in which he or she has interests are located if the domestic resident individually seeks to make a capital contribution to the SPV using his or her legitimate domestic assets or interests; or he or she shall register with a local bank at his or her permanent residence if the domestic resident individually seeks to make a capital contribution to the SPV using his or her legitimate offshore assets or interests.

As of January 31, 2019, our Beneficial Shareholders have not completed registrations in accordance with Circular 37, they are currently working on their registrations in the local Administration of Exchange Control. The failure of our Beneficial Shareholders to comply with the registration procedures may subject each of our Beneficial Shareholders to fines of less than RMB50,000 (approximately US$7199). If the registration formalities cannot be processed retrospectively, then the repatriation of the financing funds, profits or any other interests of our shareholders obtained through special purpose vehicles, for use in China, would be prohibited. As a result, any cross-border capital flows between our PRC subsidiaries and its offshore parent company, including dividend distributions and capital contributions, would be illegal.

 

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*Circular 19 and Circular 16*

Circular 19 was promulgated by SAFE on March 30, 2015, and became effective on June 1, 2015. According to Circular 19, foreign exchange capital of foreign-invested enterprises shall be granted the benefits of Discretional Foreign Exchange Settlement (Discretional Foreign Exchange Settlement). With Discretional Foreign Exchange Settlement, foreign exchange capital in the capital account of a foreign-invested enterprise for which the rights and interests of monetary contribution has been confirmed by the local foreign exchange bureau, or for which book-entry registration of monetary contribution has been completed by the bank, can be settled at the bank based on the actual operational needs of the foreign-invested enterprise. The allowed Discretional Foreign Exchange Settlement percentage of the foreign exchange capital of a foreign-invested enterprise has been temporarily set to be 100%. The Renminbi converted from the foreign exchange capital will be kept in a designated account and if a foreign-invested enterprise needs to make any further payment from such account, it will still need to provide supporting documents and to complete the review process with its bank.

Furthermore, Circular 19 stipulates that foreign-invested enterprises shall make bona fide use of their capital for their own needs within their business scopes. The capital of a foreign-invested enterprise and the Renminbi if obtained from foreign exchange settlement shall not be used for the following purposes:

● directly or indirectly used for expenses beyond its business scope or prohibited by relevant laws or regulations;

● directly or indirectly used for investment in securities unless otherwise provided by relevant laws or regulations;

● directly or indirectly used for entrusted loan in Renminbi (unless within its permitted scope of business), repayment of inter-company loans (including advances by a third party) or repayment of bank loans in Renminbi that have been sub-lent to a third party; and

● directly or indirectly used for expenses related to the purchase of real estate that is not for self-use (except for foreign-invested real estate enterprises).

Circular 16 was issued by SAFE on June 9, 2016. Pursuant to Circular 16, enterprises registered in the PRC may also convert their foreign debts from foreign currency to Renminbi on a self-discretionary basis. Circular 16 provides an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange capital items (including but not limited to foreign currency capital and foreign debts) on a self-discretionary basis applicable to all enterprises registered in the PRC. Circular 16 reiterates the principle that an enterprises Renminbi converted from foreign currency-denominated capital may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope or purposes prohibited by PRC laws or regulations, and such converted Renminbi shall not be provided as loans to non-affiliated entities.

Circulars 16 and 19 address foreign direct investments into the PRC, and stipulate the procedures applicable to foreign exchange settlement. As we do not plan to transfer proceeds raised in future offerings to our WFOE in the PRC, the proceeds raised in future offerings would not be subject to Circular 19 or Circular 16. However, if and when circumstances require funds to be transferred to our WFOE in the PRC from our offshore entities, then any such transfer would be subject to Circulars 16 and 19.

**10. E**. **Taxation**

**PRC Taxation**

***Enterprise Income Tax***

On March 16, 2007, the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress promulgated the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC which was amended on February 24, 2017 and on December 6, 2007, the State Council enacted the Implementation Regulations for the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC, or collectively, the PRC EIT Law. Under the PRC EIT Law, both resident enterprises and non-resident enterprises are subject to tax in the PRC. Resident enterprises are defined as enterprises that are established in China in accordance with PRC laws, or that are established in accordance with the laws of foreign countries but are actually or in effect controlled from within the PRC. Non-resident enterprises are defined as enterprises that are organized under the laws of foreign countries and whose actual management is conducted outside the PRC, but have established institutions or premises in the PRC, or have no such established institutions or premises but have income generated from inside the PRC. Under the PRC EIT Law and relevant implementing regulations, a uniform enterprise income tax rate of 25% is applied. However, if non-resident enterprises have not formed permanent establishments or premises in the PRC, or if they have formed permanent establishment or premises in the PRC but there is no actual relationship between the relevant income derived in the PRC and the established institutions or premises set up by them, enterprise income tax is set at the rate of 10% with respect to their income sourced from inside the PRC.

Pursuant to the PRC EIT Law, the EIT tax rate of a high and new technology enterprise or HNTE, is 15%. According to the Administrative Measures for the Recognition of HNTEs, effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on January 29, 2016, for each entity accredited as HNTE, its HNTE status is valid for three years if it meets the qualifications for HNTE on a continuing basis during such period.

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***Value-added Tax***

The Provisional Regulations of on Value-added Tax of the PRC were promulgated by the State Council on December 13, 1993 and came into effect on January 1, 1994 which were subsequently amended on November 10, 2008 and came into effect on January 1, 2009, and were further amended on February 6, 2016 and November 19, 2017. The Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Provisional Regulations of on Value-added Tax of the PRC were promulgated by the Ministry of Finance on December 25, 1993 and subsequently amended on December 15, 2008 and October 28, 2011, or collectively, VAT Law. On November 19, 2017, the State Council promulgated The Order on Abolishing the Provisional Regulations of the PRC on Business Tax and Amending the Provisional Regulations of on Value-added Tax of the PRC, or Order 691. According to the VAT Law and Order 691, all enterprises and individuals engaged in the sale of goods, the provision of processing, repair and replacement services, sales of services, intangible assets, real property and the importation of goods within the territory of the PRC are the taxpayers of VAT. The VAT rates generally applicable are simplified as 17%, 11%, 6% and 0%, and the VAT rate applicable to the small-scale taxpayers is 3%.

The Company is subject to a VAT rate of 17% before May 1, 2018, a VAT rate of 16% effective on May 1, 2018, and the most current VAT rate of 13% effective on April 1, 2019. The VAT payable may be offset by VAT paid by the Company on raw materials and other materials included in the cost of producing or acquiring its finished products.

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***Dividend Withholding Tax***

The PRC EIT Law provides that since January 1, 2008, an enterprise income tax rate of 10% will normally be applicable to dividends declared to non-PRC resident investors which do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC, or which have such establishment or place of business but the relevant income is not effectively connected with the establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC.

Pursuant to the Arrangement Between the Mainland of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Incomes, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement and other applicable PRC laws, if a Hong Kong resident enterprise is determined by the competent PRC tax authority to have satisfied the relevant conditions and requirements under such Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement and other applicable laws, the 10% withholding tax on the dividends the Hong Kong resident enterprise receives from a PRC resident enterprise may be reduced to 5%. However, based on the Circular on Certain Issues with Respect to the Enforcement of Dividend Provisions in Tax Treaties, or the SAT Circular 81, issued on February 20, 2009 by the State Administration of Taxation, or the SAT, if the relevant PRC tax authorities determine, in their discretion, that a company benefits from such reduced income tax rate due to a structure or arrangement that is primarily tax-driven, such PRC tax authorities may adjust the preferential tax treatment. According to the Circular on Several Issues regarding the Beneficial Owner in Tax Treaties, which was issued on February 3, 2018 by the SAT, effective as of April 1, 2018, when determining the applicants status of the beneficial owner regarding tax treatments in connection with dividends, interests or royalties in the tax treaties, several factors, including without limitation, whether the applicant is obligated to pay more than 50% of its income in twelve months to residents in third country or region, whether the business operated by the applicant constitutes the actual business activities, and whether the counterparty country or region to the tax treaties does not levy any tax or grant tax exemption on relevant incomes or levy tax at an extremely low rate, will be taken into account, and it will be analyzed according to the actual circumstances of the specific cases. This circular further provides that applicants who intend to prove his or her status of the beneficial owner shall submit the relevant documents to the relevant tax bureau according to the Announcement on Issuing the Measures for the Administration of Non-Resident Taxpayers Enjoyment of the Treatment under Tax Agreements.

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***Tax on Indirect Transfer***

On February 3, 2015, the SAT issued the Circular on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or SAT Circular 7. Pursuant to SAT Circular 7, an indirect transfer of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises, may be recharacterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. When determining whether there is a reasonable commercial purpose of the transaction arrangement, features to be taken into consideration include, inter alia, whether the main value of the equity interest of the relevant offshore enterprise derives directly or indirectly from PRC taxable assets; whether the assets of the relevant offshore enterprise mainly consist of direct or indirect investment in China or if its income is mainly derived from China; and whether the offshore enterprise and its subsidiaries directly or indirectly holding PRC taxable assets have real commercial nature which is evidenced by their actual function and risk exposure. According to SAT Circular 7, where the payor fails to withhold any or sufficient tax, the transferor shall declare and pay such tax to the tax authority by itself within the statutory time limit. Late payment of applicable tax will subject the transferor to default interest. SAT Circular 7 does not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange where such shares were acquired on a public stock exchange. On October 17, 2017, the SAT issued the Circular on Issues of Tax Withholding regarding Non-PRC Resident Enterprise Income Tax, or SAT Circular 37, which further elaborates the relevant implemental rules regarding the calculation, reporting and payment obligations of the withholding tax by the non-resident enterprises. Nonetheless, there remain uncertainties as to the interpretation and application of SAT Circular 7. SAT Circular 7 may be determined by the tax authorities to be applicable to our offshore transactions or sale of our shares or those of our offshore subsidiaries where non-resident enterprises, being the transferors, were involved.

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**British Virgin Islands Taxation**

Under the BVI Act as currently in effect, a holder of Ordinary Shares who is not a resident of the British Virgin Islands is exempt from British Virgin Islands income tax on dividends paid with respect to the Ordinary Shares and a holder of Ordinary Shares is not required to pay any income tax in the British Virgin Islands on gains realized during that year on sale or disposal of such shares. The laws of the British Virgin Islands do not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by a company incorporated or re-registered under the BVI Act.

There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the British Virgin Islands government on companies incorporated or re-registered under the BVI Act. In addition, shares of companies incorporated or re-registered under the BVI Act are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges.

There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the British Virgin Islands or between China and the British Virgin Islands.

**United States Federal Income Taxation**

The following does not address the tax consequences to any particular investor or to persons in special tax situations such as:

● banks;

● financial institutions;

● insurance companies;

● regulated investment companies;

● real estate investment trusts;

● broker-dealers;

● traders that elect to mark-to-market;

● U.S. expatriates;

● tax-exempt entities;

● persons liable for alternative minimum tax;

● persons holding our Ordinary Shares as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion or integrated transaction;

● persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our voting shares;

● persons who acquired our Ordinary Shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share option or otherwise as consideration; or

● persons holding our Ordinary Shares through partnerships or other pass-through entities.

Prospective purchasers are urged to consult their own tax advisors about the application of the U.S. Federal tax rules to their particular circumstances as well as the state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares.

**Tax Treaties**

As above mentioned, according to the Sino-U.S. Tax Treaty which was effective on January 1st, 1987 and aimed to avoid double taxation disadvantage, income that is incurred in one nation should be taxed by that nation and exempted from the other nation, but for the dividend that is generated in China and distributed to foreigners in other nations, a rate 10% tax will be charged.

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**Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our Ordinary Shares**

Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, the gross amount of distributions made by us to you with respect to the Ordinary Shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) will generally be includable in your gross income as dividend income on the date of receipt by you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). The dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.

With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, dividends will be taxed at the lower capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income, provided that (1) the Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or we are eligible for the benefits of an approved qualifying income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program, (2) we are not a passive foreign investment company (as discussed below) for either our taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. Under U.S. Internal Revenue Service authority, Ordinary Shares are considered for purpose of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States if they are listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our Ordinary Shares, including the effects of any change in law after January 31, 2019.

Dividends will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. If the dividends are taxed as qualified dividend income (as discussed above), the amount of the dividend taken into account for purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit limitation will be limited to the gross amount of the dividend, multiplied by the reduced rate divided by the highest rate of tax normally applicable to dividends. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends distributed by us with respect to our Ordinary Shares will constitute passive category income but could, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, constitute general category income.

To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your Ordinary Shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. We do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that a distribution will be treated as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.

**Taxation of Dispositions of Ordinary Shares**

Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of a share equal to the difference between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the share and your tax basis (in U.S. dollars) in the Ordinary Shares. The gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. Holder, who has held the Ordinary Shares for more than one year, you will be eligible for reduced tax rates of 0% (for individuals in the 10% or 15% tax brackets), 20% (for individuals in the 39.6% tax brackets) or 15% for all other individuals. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss that you recognize will generally be treated as United States source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

**Passive Foreign Investment Company**

Based on our current and anticipated operations and the composition of our assets, we do not expect to be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current taxable year ending September 30, 2025. Our actual PFIC status for the current taxable year ending September 30, 2025 will not be determinable until the close of such taxable year and, accordingly, there is no guarantee that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year. Because PFIC status is a factual determination for each taxable year which cannot be made until the close of the taxable year. A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either:

● at least 75% of its gross income is passive income, defined as income from interest, dividends, rents, royalties, gains on property producing foreign personal holding company income and certain other income that does not involve the active conduct of a trade or business; or

● at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the asset test).

We will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the stock.

We must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC. As a result, our PFIC status may change. In particular, because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test will generally be determined based on the market price of our Ordinary Shares, our PFIC status will depend in large part on the market price of our Ordinary Shares. Accordingly, fluctuations in the market price of the Ordinary Shares may cause us to become a PFIC. In addition, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects and the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the cash we raised in from our initial public offering. If we are a PFIC for any year during which you hold Ordinary Shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold Ordinary Shares. However, if we cease to be a PFIC, you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a deemed sale election with respect to the Ordinary Shares.

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If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold Ordinary Shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any excess distribution that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the Ordinary Shares, unless you make a mark-to-market election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the Ordinary Shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:

● the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the Ordinary Shares;

● the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and

● the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year.

The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or excess distribution cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the Ordinary Shares cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold the Ordinary Shares as capital assets.

A U.S. Holder of marketable stock (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such stock to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. If you make a mark-to-market election for the Ordinary Shares, you will include in income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares as of the close of your taxable year over your adjusted basis in such Ordinary Shares. You are allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the Ordinary Shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, deductions are allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the Ordinary Shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares, are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to the deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss on the Ordinary Shares, as well as to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the Ordinary Shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such Ordinary Shares. Your basis in the Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a valid mark-to-market election, the tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions by us, except that the lower applicable capital gains rate for qualified dividend income discussed above under Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our Ordinary Shares generally would not apply.

The mark-to-market election is available only for marketable stock, which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (regularly traded) on a qualified exchange or other market (as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury regulations), including The Nasdaq Capital Market. If the Ordinary Shares are regularly traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market and if you are a holder of Ordinary Shares, the mark-to-market election would be available to you were we to be or become a PFIC.

Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may make a qualified electing fund election with respect to such PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. A U.S. Holder who makes a valid qualified electing fund election with respect to a PFIC will generally include in gross income for a taxable year such holders pro rata share of the corporations earnings and profits for the taxable year. However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if such PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits as required under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not currently intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable you to make a qualified electing fund election. If you hold Ordinary Shares in any year in which we are a PFIC, you will be required to file U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding distributions received on the Ordinary Shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the Ordinary Shares.

You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in our Ordinary Shares and the elections discussed above.

**Information Reporting and Backup Withholding**

Dividend payments with respect to our Ordinary Shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of our Ordinary Shares may be subject to information reporting to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and possible U.S. backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification on U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status generally must provide such certification on U.S. Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.

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Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information.

Under the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010, certain United States Holders are required to report information relating to Ordinary Shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for Ordinary Shares held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions), by attaching a complete Internal Revenue Service Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their tax return for each year in which they hold Ordinary Shares. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.

**10. F. Dividends and paying agents**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**10. G. Statement by experts**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**10. H. Documents on display**

We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act. In accordance with these requirements, the Company files reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any materials filed with the SEC at the Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a web site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC.

**10. I. Subsidiary Information**

Not applicable.

**10. J. Annual Report to Security Holders**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK**

We are exposed to a variety of financial risks, including market risk (including currency risk, price risk and cash flow and fair value interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. Our overall risk management program focuses on preservation of capital and the unpredictability of financial markets and has sought to minimize potential adverse effects on our financial performance and position.

**Foreign Exchange Risk**

While our reporting currency is the U.S. Dollar, our consolidated sales and consolidated costs and expenses occurred within the PRC are denominated in the RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our sales and results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. Dollar and the RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the U.S. Dollar, the value of our RMB sales, earnings and assets as expressed in our U.S. Dollar financial statements will decline. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates at the balance sheet dates and revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates and stockholders equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any resulting translation adjustments are not included in determining net income but are included in determining other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders equity. We have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign exchange risk.

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The value of the RMB against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in Chinas political and economic conditions. Since July 2005, the RMB has not been pegged to the U.S. dollar and, although the Peoples Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to prevent significant short-term fluctuations in the exchange rate, the RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar or the Euro in the medium to long term. Moreover, it is possible that in the future, PRC authorities may lift restrictions on fluctuations in RMB exchange rate and lessen intervention in the foreign exchange market. Although the RMB strengthened against the U.S. dollar over the last five years, the RMBs significant weakening against the U.S. dollar since July 2015 has largely undone such prior increases.

**Interest Rate Risk**

Our interest rate risk arises from short and long-term borrowings. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, we had borrowings with fixed interest rates and therefore we were exposed to fair value interest rate risk.

As of September 30, 2025 and 2024 we had no long-term interest-bearing assets.

**Credit Risk**

Our cash is invested primarily in savings and deposit accounts with original maturities of three months or less. Savings and deposit accounts generate a small amount of interest income.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, and accounts receivable. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, $2,305,332 and $3,823,585, respectively, of the Company's cash was on deposit at financial institutions in the PRC. While management believes that these financial institutions are of high credit quality, it also continually monitors their creditworthiness.

Contracts receivable and accounts receivable are typically unsecured and derived from revenue earned from customers, thereby they are exposed to credit risk. The risk is mitigated by the Company's assessment of its customers creditworthiness and its ongoing monitoring of outstanding balances.

**Inflation**

Inflationary factors such as increases in the cost of our product and overhead costs may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain current levels of gross profit and selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales if the selling prices of our products do not increase with these increased costs.

**ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES**

**12. A. Debt Securities**

Not applicable.

**12. B. Warrants and Rights**

Not applicable.

**12. C. Other Securities**

Not applicable.

**12. D. American Depositary Shares**

Not applicable.

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**PART II**

**ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES**

We do not have any material defaults in the payment of principal, interest, or any installments under a sinking or purchase fund.

**ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITIES HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS**

**Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds**

See Item 10. Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—Description of Ordinary Shares for a description of the rights of securities holders.

**Use of Proceeds**

Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.

**ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

As of September 30, 2025, the end of the fiscal year covered by this report, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective. Such conclusion is due to the presence of material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as described below.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Managements
annual report on internal control over financial reporting.

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. We assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2025. In making its assessment, management used the 2013 Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the 2013 COSO Framework). The 2013 COSO Framework outlines the 17 underlying principles and the following fundamental components of a Company's internal control: (i) control environment, (ii) risk assessment, (iii) control activities, (iv) information and communication, and (v) monitoring. Our management has implemented and tested our internal control over financial reporting based on these criteria and identified certain material weaknesses set forth below. Based on the assessment, management determined that, as of September 30, 2025, we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting due to the existence of the following material weaknesses:

● The Company does not have sufficient accounting and finance personnel with U.S.-GAAP experience

As a result, the Company plans to develop remedial actions to strengthen its accounting and financial reporting functions. To strengthen the Company's internal control over financial reporting, the Company plans to put design, implement, and test internal control over financial reporting. In addition to the foregoing efforts, the Company expects to implement the following remedial actions:

● Hire addition personnel with experience in US GAAP financial reporting and control procedures; and

Despite the material weaknesses and deficiencies reported above, our management believes that our consolidated financial statements included in this report fairly present in all material respects our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented and that this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Attestation
report of the registered public accounting firm.

Not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Changes
in internal control over financial reporting.

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting occurred during the twelve months ended September 30, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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**ITEM 16. [RESERVED]**

**ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT**

With the resignation of Hedong Xu from the Board of Directors and Audit Committee (effective October 19, 2025), none of the present audit committee members met the criteria of an "audit committee financial expert" as defined by the regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission and therefore, as of the date of this Annual Report, there is no audit committee financial expert. Our Board of Directors is actively working on identifying and appointing a qualified and capable new independent director who also meets the criteria of an "audit committee financial expert" and fulfills the requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market standards.

The Company's board of directors has also determined that members of the Audit Committee are all independent in accordance with the applicable Nasdaq Capital Market standards.

**ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS**

The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to the Company's directors, officers, employees and advisors. The Code of Ethics is attached as an exhibit to this annual report. We have also posted a copy of our code of business conduct and ethics on our website at www.zkinternationalgroup.com. The following is a summation of the key points of the Code of Ethics we adopted:

● Honest and ethical conduct, including ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;

● Full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure reports and documents that a small business issuer files with, or submits to, the Commission and in other public communications made by our Company;

● Full compliance with applicable government laws, rules and regulations;

● The prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the code; and

● Accountability for adherence to the code.

**ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES**

ZH CPA, LLC was appointed by the Company to serve as its independent registered public accounting firm for fiscal year ended September 30, 2022. Audit services provided by ZH CPA, LLC for fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 included the examination of the consolidated financial statements of the Company, and services related to periodic filings made with the SEC.

On June 4, 2024, ZH CPA, LLC notified the Company of its decision to resign as the Company's auditor. The Audit Committee and the Board of Directors of the Company ratified the appointment of Fortune CPA, Inc. as its new independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Company's financial statements, effective on June 2, 2024. See Item 16F.Change In Registrants Certifying Accountant.

Fortune CPA, Inc. was appointed by the Company to serve as its independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Audit services provided by Fortune CPA, Inc. for fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 included the examination of the consolidated financial statements of the Company, and services related to periodic filings made with the SEC.

**Fees Paid To Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

 ****

***Audit Fees***

Fortune CPA, Inc.'s fees for the annual audit of our financial statements for the fiscal years ended 2025 and 2024 was $180,000 and $180,000, respectively, excluding travel and other out-of-pocket expenses.

***Audit-Related Fees***

Fortune CPA, Inc. did not provide audit related service during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025.

 ****

***Tax Fees***

Fortune CPA, Inc. did not provide tax services for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025.

 ****

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 ****

***All Other Fees***

The Company did not paid Fortune CPA, Inc. for any other services in fiscal year ended September 30, 2025.

 ****

***Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies***

Before each of Fortune CPA, Inc. and ZH CPA, LLC was engaged by the Company to render audit services, the engagement was approved by the Company's audit committee. All services rendered by Fortune CPA, Inc. and ZH CPA, LLC have been so approved.

 ****

***Percentage of Hours***

The percentage of hours expended on the principal accountants engagement to audit our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 that were attributed to work performed by persons other than Fortune CPA, Inc.'s full-time permanent employees was nil and nil, respectively.

**ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS**

Neither the Company nor any affiliated purchaser has purchased any shares or other units of any class of the Company's equity securities registered by the Company pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

**ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANTS CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT**

On June 4, 2024, ZH CPA, LLC notified the Company of its decision to resign as the Company's auditor. The decision to change the independent registered public accounting firm was recommended and approved by the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors of the Company. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and any subsequent interim periods through June 4, 2024, the date of dismissal, (a) there were no disagreements between the Company and ZH CPA, LLC on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of ZH CPA, LLC, would have caused it to make reference thereto in its reports on the financial statements for such years and (b) there were no reportable events as described in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

The Audit Committee and the Board of Directors of the Company ratified the appointment of Fortune CPA, Inc. as its new independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Company's financial statements, effective on June 2, 2024. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and any subsequent interim periods through June 2, 2024, the date of the engagement of Fortune CPA, Inc., neither the Company, nor someone on its behalf, has consulted Fortune CPA, Inc. regarding:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) either:
the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed; or the type of audit opinion that
might be rendered on the Company's consolidated financial statements, and either a written report was provided to the Company or
oral advice was provided that the new independent registered public accounting firm concluded was an important factor considered by the
Company in reaching a decision as to the accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) any
matter that was either the subject of a disagreement as defined in paragraph 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K or a reportable event as
described in paragraph 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

**ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE**

As a British Virgin Islands company listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we are subject to Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. However, Nasdaq rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the British Virgin Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. Shareholders of British Virgin Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under British Virgin Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we have elected to follow home country practice in British Virgin Islands in lieu of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5600 with the exception of those rules which are required to be followed pursuant to the provisions of Listing Rule 5615(a)(3).

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We have elected to be exempt from the Nasdaq Rule 5620 which provides that (with certain exceptions not relevant to the conclusions expressed herein) each company listing common stock or voting preferred stock, and their equivalents, shall hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of the company's fiscal year-end. Such practice is not prohibited by British Virgin Islands law.

We may in the future decide to use the foreign private issuer exemption with respect to other Nasdaq Capital Market corporate governance rules. See Item 3. Key Information D. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares - As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to, and did, follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of otherwise applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements, which may result in less protection than is accorded to investors under rules applicable to domestic U.S. issuers.

**ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES**

We have adopted insider trading policies governing the purchase, sale, and other dispositions of our securities by directors, senior management, and employees. A copy of the insider trading policies is attached as an exhibit to this annual report.

**ITEM 16K. CYBERSECURITY**

 ****

***Risk Management and Strategy***

As a manufacturer and supplier of a wide range of stainless steel products, we recognize the importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining appropriate and adequate administrative and technical measures to safeguard our information management security systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. Therefore, we have developed and maintained a comprehensive cybersecurity risk management program that focuses on monitoring, risk mitigation and risk response, in order to ensure the security and safety of our computer systems, networks, cloud services, software, and all data stored therein.

We have implemented protocols to protect against cybersecurity threats and prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data. We conduct regular assessment of the Company's cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, by identifying potential threats, assessing the likelihood and potential impact of cyberattacks. We also conduct ongoing evaluation of the industry trends and regulatory environments to ensure we are in full compliance with applicable cybersecurity laws and regulations in all jurisdictions where we operate. We have set in place an efficient risk mitigation and control and incident response protocols to identify potential risks, detect, effectively respond to, and recover from cybersecurity breaches. We also provide regular training programs to our employees to enhance their awareness about cybersecurity risks, and better understand their roles and responsibilities in safeguarding company assets and data.

Overall, we believe that we have established a robust framework to protect against cybersecurity threats, mitigate risks, preserve customer trust and reputation, and support the sustainable growth of our Company.

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**PART III**

**ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

See Item 18.

**ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

Our consolidated financial statements are included at the end of this annual report, beginning with page F-1.

 **ITEM 19. EXHIBITS**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit No.** | **Description of Exhibit** |
| 1.1 | [Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of ZK International Group Co., Ltd (Exhibit 1.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on June 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465922075250/tm2219543d1_ex1-1.htm) |
| 2.1 | [Form of Debenture (Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 6-K furnished on October 20, 2020 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465920116501/tm2033910d1_ex10-2.htm) |
| 2.2 | [Form of Warrant (Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on February 23, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921026797/tm217337d2_ex4-1.htm) |
| 2.3 | [Form of Warrant (Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 6-K furnished on February 23, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921026797/tm217337d2_ex4-2.htm) |
| 2.4 | [2021 Equity Incentive Plan (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on March 31, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921044846/tm2111527d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 2.5 | [Form of Debenture (Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on August 27, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921110572/tm2126403d1_ex4-1.htm) |
| 2.6 | [2025 Equity Incentive Plan (Exhibit 99.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on August 21, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465925081424/tm2520972d1_ex99-1.htm) |
| 2.7\* | [Description of Rights of Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.](zkinex2-7.htm) |
| 3.1 | [Controlling shareholders agreement to vote in concert dated May 13, 2015 (Exhibit 10.2 to the Form F-1 initially filed on May 24, 2017 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000114420417029167/v466740_ex10-2.htm) |
| 4.1 | [Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and the investors (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on October 20, 2020 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465920116501/tm2033910d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 4.2 | [Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and the investors (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on January 8, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921002558/tm212239d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 4.3 | [Consultancy Agreement between ZK International Group Co., Ltd. and Dentoro Alliance LP, dated February 15, 2021 (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on February 23, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921026571/tm217337d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 4.4 | [Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2021 by and among the Company and certain investors](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921026797/tm217337d2_ex10-1.htm) [(Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on February 23, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921026797/tm217337d2_ex10-1.htm) |
| 4.5 | [Consulting Agreement between the Company and Susan Kilkenny dated April 5, 2021 (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on April 5, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921046664/tm2112203d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 4.6 | [Subscription of Shares Agreement among the Company, CG Malta and xSigma dated April 4, 2021 (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on April 8, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921048150/tm2112525d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 4.7 | [Shareholders Agreement among shareholders of CG Malta dated April 4, 2021 (Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 6-K furnished on April 8, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921048150/tm2112525d1_ex10-2.htm) |
| 4.8 | [Subscription of Shares Agreement between CG Malta and xSigma dated April 4, 2021 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 to the report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K of the Company filed on August 13, 2021)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921048150/tm2112525d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 4.9 | [Amendment to the Subscription of Shares Agreement between CG Malta and xSigma dated August 4, 2021 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.2 to the report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K of the Company filed on August 13, 2021)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921104529/tm2124997d1_ex10-2.htm) |
| 4.10 | [Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2021 by and among the Company and certain investors (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on August 27, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921110572/tm2126403d1_ex10-1.htm) |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 4.11 | [Amendment to the Subscription of Shares Agreement Between CG Malta Holding Limited and XSigma Entertainment Ltd. dated December 27, 2021 (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on December 30, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465921154807/tm2136613d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 4.12 | [Employment Agreement between ZK International Group Co., Ltd. and Xiaofen Jin, dated July 21, 2023 (Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on July 26, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465923084324/tm2322098d1_ex4-1.htm) |
| 4.13 | [Settlement Agreement, dated November 27, 2023 (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on December 1, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465923122863/tm2331804d1_10-1.htm) |
| 4.14 | [Form of the Securities Purchase Agreement (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on December 1, 2023 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465923122875/tm2331802d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 4.15 | [Form of Securities Agreement (Exhibit 99.2 to the Form 6-K furnished on July 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465924081915/tm2419975d1_ex99-2.htm) |
| 4.16 | [Form of Registration Rights Agreement (Exhibit 99.3 to the Form 6-K furnished on July 23, 2024 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465924081915/tm2419975d1_ex99-3.htm) |
| 4.17 | [Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Mr. Ruihong Ma, dated October 3, 2025 (Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on October 6, 2025 and is incorporated by reference herein).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000118518525001392/zkinex10-1.htm) |
| 4.18 | [Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (Exhibit 99.1 to the Form 6-K furnished on October 20, 2025 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000110465924081915/tm2419975d1_ex99-3.htm) |
| 8.1 | [List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant (Exhibit 8.1 to the Form 20-F furnished on January 28, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000141057822000065/zkin-20210930xex8d1.htm) |
| 11.1 | [Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (Exhibit 14.1 to the Form F-1 initially filed on May 24, 2017 and is incorporated herein by reference)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000114420417029167/v466740_ex14-1.htm) |
| 11.2 | [Insider Trading Policies (filed as Exhibit 11.2 to the Form 20 - F filed on August 13, 2024 and incorporated by reference herein)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000141057824001331/zkin-20230930xex11d2.htm) |
| 12.1\* | [Certification of Chief Executive Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(a)](zkinex12-1.htm) |
| 12.2\* | [Certification of Chief Financial Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(a)](zkinex12-2.htm) |
| 13.1\*\* | [Certification of Chief Executive Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code](zkinex13-1.htm) |
| 13.2\*\* | [Certification of Chief Financial Officer Required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code](zkinex13-2.htm) |
| 97.1 | [Executive Compensation Recovery Policy (filed as Exhibit 97.1 to the Form 20 - F filed on August 13, 2024 and incorporated by reference herein)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1687451/000141057824001331/zkin-20230930xex97d1.htm) |
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document. |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document. |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |

---

<sup>\*</sup> Filed herewith

<sup>\*\*</sup> Furnished herewith

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**SIGNATURES**

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **ZK INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD.** | **ZK INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD.** | **ZK INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD.** |
| By: | */s/ Ruihong Ma* | */s/ Ruihong Ma* |
|  | Name: | Ruihong Ma |
|  | Title: | Chief Executive Officer |

---

Date: February 4, 2026

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**ZK INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD.**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Consolidated Financial Statements** |  |
| [Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID:6901)](#fin_roi) | F-2 |
| [Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and 2024](#fin_001) | F-3 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023](#fin_002) | F-4 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023](#fin_003) | F-5 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023](#fin_004) | F-6 |
| [Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements](#fin_005) | F-7–F-30 |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders

ZK International Group Co., Ltd.

***Opinion on the Financial Statements***

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ZK International Group Co., Ltd. ("the Company") as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

***The Company's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern***

 ****

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company has negative working capital, negative cash flow from operating activities, and accumulated deficit that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

***Basis for Opinion***

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

***Critical Audit Matters***

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Going Concern

As described further in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred loss, and accumulated deficit during September 30, 2025 that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

We determined the Company's ability to continue as a going concern is a critical audit matter due to the estimation and uncertainty regarding the Company's future net loss and the risk of bias in management's judgments and assumptions in estimating these cash flows.

Our audit procedures related to the Company's assertion on its ability to continue as a going concern included the following, among others:

We reviewed the Company's working capital and liquidity ratios, operating expenses, revenues and uses and sources of cash used in management's assessment of whether the Company has sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year from the financial statement issuance date. This testing included inquiries with management, the Company's financing arrangements in place as of the report date, market and industry factors and consideration of the Company's relationships with its financing partners.

 

/s/ Fortune CPA, Inc

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2024.

Garden Grove, CA

February 4, 2026

PCAOB # 6901

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**ZK INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD**

**CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

(**IN U.S. DOLLARS)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Assets** |  |  |
| Current assets |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $2306571 | $4009387 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted cash | 1512639 | 103917 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term Investment | - | 50111 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts and provision for expected credit loss of $8,256,737 and $7,580,664, respectively | 23088679 | 22393810 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes receivable | 161567 | 355761 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepayment, deposit and other receivable - current | 3827702 | 4657014 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Due from related parties | 177658 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories | 13079177 | 13528170 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advance to suppliers | 1596383 | 17641946 |
| Total current assets | 45750376 | 62740116 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Property, plant and equipment, net | 7806396 | 8104335 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right-of-use asset – Operating lease | 299807 | 162103 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Intangible assets, net | 1172324 | 1282939 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred tax assets |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepayment, deposit and other receivable - Non-current |  | 271201 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term prepayment |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term accounts receivable | 5371315 | 5379311 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term investment | 2467500 | 2046868 |
| **TOTAL ASSETS** | $**62867718** | $**79986873** |
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | $2485280 | $3125104 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 4372537 | 4261080 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liability - current | 52483 | 12280 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued payroll and welfare | 2730888 | 2323244 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advance from customers | 1125528 | 14861280 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Due to related parties | 13064 | 216906 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Convertible debentures | 4998754 | 4917683 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bank borrowings - current | 12072623 | 10259918 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term Bank borrowings - current | 3945077 | 9765447 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes payables | 81037 | 124957 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax payable | - |  |
| Total current liabilities | 31877271 | 49867899 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liability – non-current | 56281 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bank borrowings – non-current | 6319708 | 1802468 |
| **TOTAL LIABILITIES** | $**38253260** | $**51670367** |
| **COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES** |  |  |
| Equity |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock, no par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 6,612,308 and 5,163,946 shares issued and outstanding, respectively |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in capital | 79024091 | 77886898 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Statutory surplus reserve | 3176556 | 3176556 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subscription receivable | (125000) | (125000) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Retained earnings (Deficits) | (54433757) | (50448573) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (3144036) | (2326968) |
| Total equity attributable to ZK International Group Co., Ltd. | 24497854 | 28162913 |
| Equity attributable to non-controlling interests | 116604 | 153593 |
| Total equity | 24614458 | 28316506 |
| **TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY** | $**62867718** | $**79986873** |

---

\* The financial statements give retroactive effect to the January 31, 2025 one-for-seven reverse share split.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**ZK INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD**

**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)**

**(IN U.S. DOLLARS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the year ended September 30,** | **For the year ended September 30,** | **For the year ended September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Revenues | $71241683 | $108199877 | $111599686 |
| Cost of sales | (67201491) | (101652681) | (110303270) |
| **Gross profit** | **4040192** | **6547196** | **1296416** |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and marketing expenses | 1531222 | 1639873 | 2117810 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative expenses | 4145269 | 4829103 | 5144340 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Asset impairment loss | 1757042 | 599709 | 53203517 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development costs | 859697 | 1196746 | 1274337 |
| **Total operating expenses** | **8293230** | **8265431** | **61740004** |
| **Operating loss** | **(4253038)** | **(1718235)** | **(60443588)** |
| Other income (expenses): |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expenses | (330233) | (1232686) | (1583734) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income | 6737 | 15142 | 36699 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income on investment | 428654 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income (expense), net | 131602 | 164319 | 240378 |
| **Total other income (expenses), net** | **236760** | **(1053225)** | **(1306657)** |
| **Loss before income taxes** | **(4016278)** | **(2771460)** | **(61750245)** |
| Income tax (expense) recovery | 948 | (12106) | 459855 |
| **Net loss** | $**(4015330)** | $**(2783566)** | $**(61290390)** |
| Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests | (30146) | (1650) | (229596) |
| Net loss attributable to ZK International Group Co., Ltd. | (3985184) | (2781916) | $(61060794) |
| Net loss | $**(4015330)** | $**(2783566)** | $**(61290390)** |
| Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign currency translation adjustment | (823911) | 861280 | (549332) |
| **Total comprehensive loss** | $**(4839241)** | $**(1922286)** | $**(61839722)** |
| Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests | 36989 | 4387 | 228696 |
| Comprehensive loss attributable to ZK International Group Co., Ltd. | $**(4802252)** | $**(1917899)** | $**(61611026)** |
| Basic and diluted loss per share |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $(0.70) | $(0.57) | $(10.76) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | (0.70) | (0.57) | (10.76) |
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 5677182 | 4908345 | 4492280 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 5691284 | 4908345 | 4492280 |

---

\* The financial statements give retroactive effect to the January 31, 2025 one-for-seven reverse share split.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**ZK INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD**

**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY**

**FOR THE YEARS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025, 2024 AND 2023**

**(IN U.S. DOLLARS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)**

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Shares** | **Additional<br> paid-in<br> capital** | **Subscription<br> Receivable** | **Statutory<br> surplus reserve** | **Retained<br> earnings (deficits)** | **Accumulated<br> other<br> comprehensive<br> income (loss)** | **Non-<br> controlling<br> interests** | **Total<br> equity** |
| **Balance at September 30, 2022** | **4341848** | **70872765** | **(125000)** | **3176556** | **13394137** | **(2640753)** | **386676** | **85064381** |
| Stock-based compensation | 371400 | 1839733 |  |  |  |  |  | 1839733 |
| Unearned Compensation |  | 174400 |  |  |  |  |  | 174400 |
| Foreign currency translations |  |  |  |  |  | (550232) | 900 | (549332) |
| Net loss |  |  |  |  | (61060794) |  | (229596) | (61290390) |
| **Balance at September 30, 2023** | **4713248** | **72886898.00** | **(125000.00)** | **3176556.00** | **(47666657)** | **(3190985)** | **157980** | **25238792** |
| Issuance shares | 450698 | 5000000.00 |  |  |  |  |  | 5000000 |
| Foreign currency translations |  |  |  |  |  | 864017 | (2737) | 861280 |
| Net loss |  |  |  |  | (2781916) |  | (1650) | (2783566) |
| **Balance at September 30, 2024** | **5163946** | **77886898** | **(125000)** | **3176556** | **(50448573)** | **(2326968)** | **153593** | **28316506** |
| Stock-based compensation | 1200000 | 1137193 |  |  |  |  |  | 1137193 |
| Round-up Shares for Stock Split | 68523 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cashless Warrant Exercise | 179839 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Foreign currency translations |  |  |  |  |  | (817068) | (6843) | (823911) |
| Net loss |  |  |  |  | (3985184) |  | (30146) | (4015330) |
| **Balance at September 30, 2025** | **6612308** | **79024091** | **(125000)** | **3176556** | **(54433757)** | **(3144036)** | **116604** | **24614458** |

---

\* The financial statements give retroactive effect to the January 31, 2025 one-for-seven reverse share split.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**ZK INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD**

**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS**

**(IN U.S. DOLLARS)**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the year ended September 30,** | **For the year ended September 30,** | **For the year ended September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |  |
| Net loss | $(4015330) | $(2783566) | $(61290390) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation expense | 714469 | 618719 | 677275 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization expense | 154582 | 230611 | 298431 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bad debt expense and credit loss | 1757042 | 599709 | 17897334 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred tax expenses |  |  | 322897 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on investment | (420632) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impairment on intangible assets and long-term investment |  |  | 35346769 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in unrecognized tax benefits |  |  | (823340) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock compensation expense | 1137193 |  | 2014133 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense of convertible notes | 81071 | 906459 | 658913 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense (income) of accounts receivable factoring | (483680) | (478733) | 359051 |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | (2035966) | (7193497) | 8165567 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other receivables and prepayments | 1100513 | (4249882) | 349612 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes receivable | 194194 | (300936) | (6676) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories | 448993 | (4409255) | 2870541 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advance to suppliers | 16045563 | (12831902) | 1401001 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | (639824) | 513884 | (7451608) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes payable | (43920) | 83839 | (666355) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 111457 | (703812) | (1918915) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued payroll and welfare | 407644 | 404829 | 130063 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advance from customers | (13735752) | 14039586 | (923844) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax payable |  | (669) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term prepaid expenses |  |  | 707470 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lease liability - Operating lease | (41220) | (139543) | (23841) |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 736397 | (6878500) | (1905912) |
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (588551) | (603054) | (656178) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of CIP |  |  | (930814) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of intangible assets | (63438) |  | (707470) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investment into Recruiter.Com Group Inc |  | (1750000) |  |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (651989) | (2353054) | (2294462) |
| Cash Flows from Financing activities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net proceeds released from (placed into) short-term investment | 50111 |  | 852542 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from short-term bank borrowings | 22872790 | 15823883 | 21486396 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayments of short-term bank borrowings | (22062946) | (12706162) | (19350091) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net (repayment) receiving for due to related parties | (381500) | (894095) | (920690) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment of other borrowing |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from stock issuances |  | 5000000 |  |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 478455 | 7223626 | 2068157 |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (856957) | 1075826 | (439515) |
| Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (294094) | (932102) | (2571733) |
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of period | 4113304 | 5045406 | 7617139 |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of period | $3819210 | $4113304 | $5045406 |
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flows information: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for income taxes | $13767 | $47785 | $38695 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for interest expenses | $708623 | $758686 | $774929 |
| Non-cash transactions |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Offset between due from related parties and due to related parties balances | $314434 |  | 545844 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Intangible assets obtained in exchange for settlement of long-term deposit | $- |  | 707470 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS**

**ZK International Group Co., Ltd. ("ZK International" or "the Company")**

ZK International was incorporated on May 13, 2015 in the British Virgin Islands ("BVI"). ZK International is a holding company with no operations. The Company, through its subsidiaries, is a leading company that specializes in manufacturing and sales of stainless steel band, copper strip, welded stainless steel pipes and fittings, pipe fittings, valve, light industry machinery and equipment and other stainless steel products of its trademark "Zhengkang" in People's Republic of China ("PRC").

The Company is authorized to issue unlimited number of ordinary shares, with no par value. 6,612,308 shares were issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025. The ownership interests described below are based on the shareholders' portion of the authorized ordinary shares. ZK International is a holding company and is currently not actively engaging in any business.

**ZK Pipe Industry Co., Ltd. ("ZK Pipe")**

ZK Pipe was incorporated on May 28, 2015 in Hong Kong. The registered capital is HKD 1,000,000 which was initially 40% held by ZK International and 60% held by CHENG Kai Chun, a nominee shareholder with no voting interest in ZK Pipe. On August 5, 2015, CHENG Kai Chun transferred all of his equity interest in ZK Pipe to ZK International. After the transfer, ZK International controls 100% of ZK Pipe's voting interest and ZK Pipe became a wholly owned subsidiary of ZK International. The paid-in capital was zero as of September 30, 2024.

The registered principal activities of ZK Pipe are technical research of metal pipe and fittings, metal take-up valve plumbing and water purifying plant, and imports and exports of goods. ZK Pipe had not commenced operations as of September 30, 2025.

**Wenzhou Weijia Pipeline Development Co., Ltd. ("Wenzhou Weijia")**

Wenzhou Weijia was incorporated on June 17, 2015 in Wenzhou and is a wholly owned subsidiary of ZK Pipe. Wenzhou Weijia is a wholly-foreign owned enterprise organized the laws of the People's Republic of China. The registered capital is USD 20,000,000 and the paid-in capital was zero as of September 30, 2025.

The registered principal activities of Wenzhou Weijia are technical research, technical service and sales of metal pipe and fittings and light industry machinery and equipment, and imports and exports of goods and technology. Wenzhou Weijia had not commenced operations as of September 30, 2025.

**Zhejiang Zhengkang Industrial Co., Ltd. ("Zhejiang Zhengkang")**

Zhejiang Zhengkang was incorporated on December 4, 2001 under the laws of the People's Republic of China. The registered and paid in capital is RMB 20,000,000. Since May 24, 2006, Zhejiang Zhengkang was owned by the five Mainland Chinese beneficial owners, with HUANG Jian Cong holding 45%, WANG Ming Jie holding 20%, WANG Guo Lin holding 20%, WANG Jian Di holding 10% and WANG Yang Ming holding 5%. Also, the five mainland Chinese beneficial owners entered an agreement on January 1, 2013 to vote their shares in concert in Zhejiang Zhengkang. The agreement has been in effect for all financial periods presented. On September 29, 2015, Wenzhou Weijia acquired 99% equity percentage of Zhejiang Zhengkang from the five mainland Chinese beneficial owners. After that, Zhejiang Zhengkang's equity interest is 99% held by Wenzhou Weijia and 1% held by HUANG Jian Cong.

In July 2016, Zhejiang Zhengkang increased its registered and paid in capital to RMB 30,000,000, with Wenzhou Weijia invested RMB 9,900,000 and HUANG Jian Cong invested RMB 100,000. On September 28, 2017, Zhejiang Zhengkang increased its registered capital to RMB 100,000,000, with no additional investment into the paid-in capital.

The principal activities of Zhejiang Zhengkang are manufacturing and sales of stainless steel band, copper strip, welded stainless steel pipes and fittings, pipe fittings, valve, light industry machinery and equipment and other stainless steel products, and imports and exports of goods and technology.

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**Wenzhou Zhengfeng Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. ("Wenzhou Zhengfeng")**

Wenzhou Zhengfeng was incorporated on December 24, 1999 under the laws of the People's Republic of China. The registered and paid in capital is RMB 2,880,000. Since January 1, 2013, Wenzhou Zhengfeng's voting interest was controlled by the five Mainland Chinese beneficial owners through agreement with two nominee shareholders. Also, the five mainland Chinese beneficial owners entered into an agreement on January 1, 2013 to vote their shares in concert in Wenzhou Zhengfeng. The agreement has been in effect since then. On June 8, 2015, 100% of Wenzhou Zhengfeng's equity interest was transferred from nominee shareholders to the five mainland Chinese beneficial owners, with WANG Ming Jie holding 38.89%, WANG Guo Lin holding 27.78%, HUANG Jian Cong holding 22.57%, WANG Yang Ming holding 5.55% and WANG Jian Di holding 5.21%, respectively. On September 22, 2015, Zhejiang Zhengkang acquired 100% equity of Wenzhou Zhengfeng from the five mainland Chinese beneficial owners. After that, Wenzhou Zhengfeng is a wholly owned subsidiary of Zhejiang Zhengkang.

The principal activities of Wenzhou Zhengfeng are trading of steel coil, steel strip and nickel materials.

**ZK International (ZK Uganda)**

ZK Uganda was incorporated on March 23, 2018 under the laws of the Republic of Uganda. Its registered capital is 20 Million Uganda Shillings, and the paid-in capital was zero as of September 30, 2018. ZK Uganda is 80% owned by ZK International and 20% owned by a third-party individual. ZK Uganda is currently not engaging in any business but plans to seek such opportunities that would complement and diversify the current business operations of the Company. The paid-in capital was zero as of September 30, 2025.

**Hongyun (Wenzhou) Global Trading Limited. ("Hongyun")**

Hongyun was incorporated on November 15, 2021 in Wenzhou under the laws of the People's Republic of China. The registered capital is RMB 2,880,000 and the paid-in capital was zero as of September 30, 2025. The principal activities of Hongyun is trading of nickel materials.

**Wenzhou Suona Piping Limited. ("Suona")**

Suona was incorporated on October 29, 2021 in Wenzhou under the laws of the People's Republic of China and is a 99% owned subsidiary of Wenzhou Weijia. The registered capital is RMB 10,000,000 and the paid-in capital was zero as of September 30, 2025. The principal activities of Suona is trading of nickel materials.

**xSigma Corporation ("xSigma Corporation")**

xSigma Corporation ("xSigma Corporation") was incorporated on January 18, 2018 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. Its registered capital is USD 50,000, and the paid-in capital was zero as of September 30, 2025. xSigma Corporation is 51% owned by ZK International. xSigma Corporation is a blockchain R&D lab that explores decentralized finance ("DeFi") and cryptocurrency market. xSigma Corporation has been focused on two projects: DeFi protocol (stablecoin DEX) and the ETF-like protocol xTF by xSigma. The ultimate objective of xSigma Corporation is to build an ecosystem of products for finance and blockchain.

**xSigma Collectibles Limited ("xSigma Collectibles")**

xSigma Collectibles Limited ("xSigma Collectibles") was incorporated on July 6, 2021 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. Its registered capital is USD 100, and the paid-in capital was zero as of September 30, 2025. xSigma Collectibles launched MaximNFT ("MaximNFT"), available at www.maximnft.com, the exclusive NFT (Non-Fungible Token) marketplace of the iconic men's lifestyle brand. MaximNFT seeks to provide the best customer experience and innovative NFT solutions. It will allow customers to create and sell NFTs on various blockchains, including, but not limited to, Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, and Polkadot.

**xSigma Entertainment Limited ("xSigma Entertainment")**

xSigma Entertainment Limited ("xSigma Entertainment") was incorporated on March 17, 2021 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands. Its registered capital is USD 50,000, and the paid-in capital was zero as of September 30, 2024. xSigma Entertainment is a holding entity and currently holds 15.73% ownership of CG Malta Holding Limited ("CG Malta"). CG Malta is a globally licensed sports betting and casino operator and launched MaximBet. MaximBet is sports betting and casino website, available at MaximBet.com and through iOS and Android applications that will allow users to bet on sports and casino in the United States and around the world.

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**xSigma Trading LLC ("xSigma Trading")**

xSigma Trading LLC ("xSigma Trading") was incorporated on June 7, 2021 under the laws of the Delaware, United States. Its registered capital was zero, and the paid-in capital was zero as of September 30, 2025. xSigma Trading is a holding entity and is currently not engaging in any business. The entity has not commenced operation as of September 30, 2025.

**NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**

**Presentation and Principles of Consolidation**

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United Stated of America. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br>**Entity Name** | **Registered**<br>**Location** | <br>**Background** | **Ownership as of the**<br>**issuance date of the report** |
| ZK International | BVI | ● Incorporated on May 13, 2015 | 5.51% by Golden Hill Investment Management Co., Ltd. |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of USD 50,000, not paid |  |
|  |  | ● A holding company with no operation activities itself for the years then ended | 5.92% by WANG Guo Lin |
| ZK Pipe | Hong Kong | ● Incorporated on May 28, 2015 |  |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of HKD 1,000,000, not paid | 100% by ZK International |
|  |  | ● Have not commenced operations |  |
| Wenzhou Weijia | Wenzhou | ● Incorporated on June 17, 2015 |  |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of USD 20,000,000, not paid | 100% by ZK Pipe |
|  |  | ● Have not commenced operations |  |
| Zhejiang Zhengkang | Wenzhou | ● Incorporated on December 4, 2001 | 99% by Wenzhou Weijia |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of RMB 100,000,000, RMB 30,000,000 paid | 1% by HUANG Jian Cong |
|  |  | ● Principally operated in manufacturing and sales of steel strip, steel pipe and fittings |  |
| Wenzhou Zhengfeng | Wenzhou | ● Incorporated on December 24, 1999 |  |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of RMB 2,880,000, fully paid | 100% by Zhejiang Zhengkang |
|  |  | ● Principally operated in trading of steel strip, mainly purchased from Zhejiang Zhengkang |  |
| ZK Uganda | Uganda | ● Incorporated on March 23, 2018 |  |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of 20 Million Uganda Shillings, not paid. | 80% by ZK International |
| Hongyun | Wenzhou | ● Incorporated on November 15, 2021 |  |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of RMB 1,880,000, not paid | 100% by Wenzhou Weijia |
| Suona | Wenzhou | ● Incorporated on October 29, 2021 |  |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of RMB 10,000,000, not paid | 99% by Wenzhou Weijia |
| xSigma Corporation | BVI | ● Incorporated on January 18, 2018 |  |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of USD 50,000, not paid | 51% by ZK International |
|  |  | ● Have not commenced operations |  |
| xSigma Collectibles Limited | BVI | ● Incorporated on July 6, 2021 |  |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of USD 100, not paid | 100% by ZK International |
|  |  | ● Principally operated in NFT (Non-Fungible Token) marketplace |  |
| xSigma Entertainment Limited | BVI | ● Incorporated on March 17, 2021 |  |
|  |  | ● Registered capital of USD 50,000, not paid | 100% by ZK International |
|  |  | ● A holding company that holds ownership in CG Malta, a sports betting and casino operator |  |
| xSigma Trading LLC | Delaware, United States | ● Incorporated on June 7, 2021 | 100% by xSigma Corporation |
|  |  | ● Registered capital and paid in capital was zero |  |
|  |  | ● Have not commenced operations |  |

---

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**Going Concern Consideration** 

The consolidated financial statements for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

As reflected in the consolidated financial statements, the Company has incurred net losses of $4,015,330, $2,783,566 and $61,290,390 for the years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company had accumulated deficits amounted to $54,433,757 as of September 30, 2025. Net cash provided by operating activities was $736,397 for the year ended September 30, 2025. These conditions raised substantial doubts about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

The Company meets its day-to-day working capital requirements through its bank facilities. Most of the bank borrowings as of September 30, 2025, that are repayable within the next 12 months, are subject to renewal, and the management is confident that these borrowings can be renewed upon expiration based on the Company's past experience and credit history. In addition, the Company had a positive working capital of $13,873,105 as of September 30, 2025.

In order to strengthen the Company's liquidity in the foreseeable future, the Company has taken the following measures:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) Negotiating
with banks in advance for renewal and obtaining new banking facilities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) Taking
various cost control measures to tighten the costs of operations; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) Implementing
various strategies to enhance sales and profitability.

However, there can be no assurance that these plans and arrangements will be sufficient to fund the Company's ongoing capital expenditure, working capital, and other requirements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability or classification of asset and the amounts or classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty. If the going concern assumption is not appropriate, material adjustments to the financial statements could be required.

**Measurement of credit losses on financial instruments**

On October 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326) — Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," for financial assets stated at amortized cost including accounts receivable, refundable deposits, prepayments and other receivables. This guidance replaced the "incurred loss" impairment methodology with an approach based on "expected losses" to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The guidance requires financial assets to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the cost of the financial asset to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset.

**Use of Estimates**

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (US GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, expected credit loss of accounts receivable, inventory valuation, useful life of property, plant and equipment, intangible asset impairment, allowances of long-term prepayment, long-term investment impairment, and income taxes related to realization of deferred tax assets, right-of-use assets, stock-based compensation, and uncertain tax position. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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**Foreign Currency Translation**

The financial records of the Company's PRC subsidiaries are maintained in their local currencies which are RMB and ZK Pipe in Hong Kong also use RMB as functional currency. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than their local currencies are translated into local currencies at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet dates. Transactions denominated in currencies other than their local currencies during the year are converted into local currencies at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing when the transactions occur. Transaction gains and losses are recorded in other income/ (expense), net in the statements of operations and comprehensive income.

ZK International maintained its financial record using the United States dollar ("US dollar") as the functional currency, while the subsidiaries of the Company in Hong Kong and mainland China maintained their financial records using RMB as the functional currencies. The reporting currency of the Company is US dollar. When translating local financial reports of the Company's subsidiaries into US dollar, assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates at the balance sheet date, equity accounts are translated at historical exchange rates and revenue, expenses, gains and losses are translated at the average rate for the period. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income in the statements of operations and comprehensive income.

The relevant exchange rates are listed below:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Fiscal Years** | **For the Fiscal Years** | **For the Fiscal Years** |
|  | **Ended September 30** | **Ended September 30** | **Ended September 30** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Period Ended RMB: USD exchange rate** | 7.1190 | 7.0176 | 7.2960 |
| **Period Average RMB: USD exchange rate** | 7.2125 | 7.2043 | 7.0533 |

---

**Cash and Cash Equivalents**

Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash and deposits with financial institutions which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash generally with original maturities of three months or less when purchased.

**Short-term Investment**

The Company's short-term Investment consists of short-term held-to-maturity investments, and term deposits, in commercial banks with original maturities of more than 90 day but less than one year. As of September 30, 2025, the Company has short-term investment of $nil, while it had $50,111 short-term investment as of September 30, 2024.

**Long-term investments**

Effective October 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-01 and related ASU 2018-03 concerning recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities. In adopting this new guidance, the Company has made an accounting policy election to adopt an adjusted cost method measurement alternative for investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values.

For equity investments that are accounted for using the measurement alternative, the Company initially records equity investments at cost but is required to adjust the carrying value of such equity investments through earnings when there is an observable transaction involving the same or a similar investment with the same issuer or upon an impairment.

**Accounts Receivable, net**

Accounts receivable arise from the product sales in the normal course of business. The Company usually determines the adequacy of reserves for doubtful accounts based on individual account analysis and historical collection trends. The Company establishes a provision for doubtful receivables when there is objective evidence that the Company may not be able to collect amounts due. The allowance is based on management's best estimates of specific losses on individual exposures. Based on management of customers' credit and ongoing relationship, management makes conclusions whether any balances outstanding at the end of the period will be deemed uncollectible on an individual basis and on aging analysis basis. The provision is recorded against accounts receivables balances, with a corresponding charge recorded in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Uncollectible receivable are written-off against the allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable.

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The Company use a loss rate method to estimate the allowance for credit losses. For those past due balances over one year and other higher risk receivables identified by the Company are reviewed individually for collectability. The Company evaluates the expected credit loss of accounts receivable based on historical collection experience, the financial condition of its customers and assumptions for the future movement of different economic drivers and how these drivers will affect each other. The Company writes off potentially uncollectible accounts receivable against the allowance for credit losses if it is determined that the amounts will not be collected or if a settlement with respect to a disputed receivable is reached for an amount that is less than the carrying value.

The allowance for doubtful accounts recognized as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $8,256,737 and $7,580,664, respectively.

**Inventories**

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is principally determined using the weighted-average method. The Company records adjustments to inventory for excess quantities, obsolescence or impairment when appropriate to reflect inventory at net realizable value. These adjustments are based upon a combination of factors including current sales volume, market conditions, lower of cost or market analysis and expected realizable value of the inventory.

No provision for inventory was recognized for the fiscal years ended as of September 30, 2025 and 2024.

**Advance to Suppliers and Advance from Customers**

Advance to suppliers refer to advances for purchase of materials or other service agreements, which are applied against trade accounts payable when the materials or services are received. Advance from customers refer to advances received from customers regarding product sales, which are applied against accounts receivable when products are sold.

The Company reviews a supplier's credit history and background information before advancing a payment. If the financial condition of its suppliers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to deliver goods or provide services, the Company would write off such amount in the period when it is considered impaired.

**Fair Value of Financial Instruments**

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, defines fair value, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities that qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

● Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

● Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in inactive markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

● Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology use one or more unobservable inputs which are significant to the fair value measurement.

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For the Company's financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investment, accounts receivable, accounts payable, short-term investment, other current assets, due to related parties, convertible notes, lease liabilities, other liabilities, notes receivable, notes payable, bank borrowings, long-term prepayment, long-term accounts receivable, other receivables and other borrowings, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to their short maturities as of September 30, 2025 and 2024. For lease liabilities, fair value approximates their carrying value at the year end as the interest rates used to discount the host contracts approximate market rates. The carrying amount of the non-current bank borrowings approximates its fair value due to the fact that the related interest rate approximates the interest rates currently offered by financial institutions for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities.

The Company noted no transfers between levels during any of the periods presented. The company did not identify any instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring nor non-recurring basis for the year ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

**Related parties**

The Company adopted ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures, for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.

**Property and Equipment, net**

Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation commences upon placing the asset in usage and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Useful lives** |
| Buildings | 10-40 years |
| Machinery | 3-10 years |
| Furniture, fixtures, and equipment | 3-10 years |
| Motor vehicles | 3-10 years |

---

Upon retirement or disposition, the asset cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed with any gain or loss recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Repair and maintenance costs that do not extend the economic life of the underlying assets are expensed as incurred.

Costs incurred in constructing new facilities, including progress payments and other costs related to construction, are capitalized, and transferred to property, plant and equipment on completion, at which time depreciation commences.

**Intangible Assets**

Intangible assets consist primarily of land use rights and software. Under the PRC law, all land in the PRC is owned by the government and cannot be sold to an individual or company. The government grants individuals and companies the right to use parcels of land for specified periods of time and these land use rights are sometimes referred to informally as "ownership." Land use rights are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. For the internal use software developed by both internal team and by external entity under development arrangements, the costs incurred during the Application Development Stage were capitalized pursuant to ASC 350-40-25.

Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method with the following estimated useful lives:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Useful lives** |
| Land use rights | 46 years |
| Software | 5 years |
| Patent | 5 years |

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**Impairment of Long-lived Assets**

The Company management review the carrying values of long-lived assets whenever events and circumstances, such as a significant decline in the asset's market value, obsolescence or physical damage affecting the asset, significant adverse changes in the assets use, deterioration in the expected level of the assets performance, cash flows for maintaining the asset are higher than forecast, indicate that the net book value of an asset may not be recovered through expected future cash flows from its use and eventual disposition. If the estimated cash flows from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are below the asset's carrying value, then the asset is deemed to be impaired and written down to its fair value.

There was no impairment charge recognized for long - lived assets for the fiscal years ended as of September 30, 2025 and 2024.

**Leases**

Effective October 1, 2019, the Company accounts for its leases under ASC 842, *Leases* ("ASC 842"). Under this guidance, arrangements meeting the definition of a lease are classified as operating or financing leases, and are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as both a right of use asset and lease liability, calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the right of use asset is amortized over the lease term. For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the right of use asset result in straight-line rent expense over the lease term.

In calculating the right of use asset and lease liability, the Company elects to combine lease and non-lease components as permitted under ASC 842. The Company excludes short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or less from the new guidance as an accounting policy election and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company continues to account for leases in the prior period financial statements under ASC Topic 840.

**Value-added Tax**

Value-added taxes ("VAT") collected from customers relating to product sales and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a net basis. VAT collected from customers is excluded from revenue. The Company is subject to a VAT rate of 17% before May 1, 2018, a VAT rate of 16% effective on May 1, 2018, and the most current VAT rate of 13% effective on April 1, 2019. The VAT payable may be offset by VAT paid by the Company on raw materials and other materials included in the cost of producing or acquiring its finished products.

**Convertible note, net**

The Company evaluated the convertible notes issued pursuant to the ASC 470-20-25-4 Beneficial Conversion Feature ("BCF") guidance for the year ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The BCF was measured the intrinsic values for convertible notes on the commitment dates, which are the dates that the agreements were signed with the investors. The Company's convertible notes both have stated redemption dates (maturity dates), which are 12 months from the issuance dates, the BCF values will be accreted from issuance date to the conversion date or the stated maturity date, whichever is earlier. The accretion calculation is based on effective interest rate method consistent with the ordinary debt instruments.

ASU 2020-06, Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity, provides simplification of the convertible debt accounting framework by eliminating the cash conversion and the beneficial conversion feature accounting models for convertible debt and convertible preferred stock. The new guidance removes from GAAP separation models for convertible debt that require the convertible debt to be separated into a debt and equity component, unless the conversion feature is required to be bifurcated and accounted for as a derivative or the debt is issued at a substantial premium. ASU 2020-06 requires adoption using either modified retrospective method or full retrospective method. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 since October 1, 2022.

Under the new framework, the reporting entity will decide the accounting for its convertible notes in the following steps: (1) a reporting entity will first decide whether to elect the fair value option under ASC 825-10 (convertible debt issued with a substantial premium may be ineligible for the fair value option); (2) if the fair value option is not elected, the reporting entity must assess whether the conversion feature requires bifurcation pursuant to ASC 815; (3) if bifurcation is not required, the reporting entity must evaluate whether the convertible debt was issued with a substantial premium; (4) if the fair value option is not elected, the conversion option is not required to be bifurcated, and the convertible debt was not issued with a substantial premium, the convertible debt will be accounted for as a single unit of account under the "traditional convertible security" model. Debt discount is amortized over the period during which the convertible note is expected to be outstanding (through the maturity date) as additional non-cash interest expense.

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**Stock-based compensation**

The Company accounts for share-based payment exchanged for services at the estimated grant date fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the Company estimates the stock warrants by performing Monte Carlo simulation analysis to calculate the fair value of the committed warrants. The Company's share price was simulated under a risk-neutral framework using Geometric Brownian Motion ("GBM"). The daily share price was simulated from the valuation date through to the latest expiry date. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based compensation represent management's best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management's judgment.

*Expected Term* - The expected term of options represents the period that the Company's stock option are expected to be outstanding based on the simplified method, which is the half-life from vesting to the end of its contractual term.

*Expected Volatility* - The Company computes stock price volatility over expected terms based on its historical common stock trading prices.

*Risk-Free Interest Rate* - The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield available on U. S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term.

*Expected Dividend* - The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its common shares and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, uses an expected dividend yield of zero in its valuation models.

**Revenue Recognition**

The Company generates its revenues mainly from sales of steel piping products and sales of steel materials such as stainless steel coil and strip. The Company follows Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ASC 606 and accounting standards updates ("ASU") 2014-09 for revenue recognition. On October 1, 2018, the Company has early adopted ASC 606, which is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires revenue to be recognized in a manner to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. The Company considers revenue realized or realizable and earned when all the five following criteria are met: (1) Identify the Contract with a Customer, (2) Identify the Performance Obligations in the Contract, (3) Determine the Transaction Price, (4) Allocate the Transaction Price to the Performance Obligations in the Contract, and (5) Recognize Revenue When (or As) the Entity Satisfies a Performance Obligation. Results for reporting periods beginning after October 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the previous accounting standards ASC 605. The Company has assessed the impact of the guidance by reviewing its existing customer contracts and current accounting policies and practices to identify differences that will result from applying the new requirements, including the evaluation of its performance obligations, transaction price, customer payments, transfer of control and principal versus agent considerations. Based on the assessment, the Company concluded that there was no change to the timing and pattern of revenue recognition for its current revenue streams in scope of Topic 606 and there was no material unfinished contracts with customers upon adoption of ASC 606, therefore there was no material changes to the Company's consolidated financial statements upon adoption of ASC 606, and there have not been any significant changes to company's business processes, systems, or internal controls as a result of implementing the standard.

The Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with a customer. As part of its consideration of the contract, the Company evaluates certain factors including the customer's ability to pay (or credit risk). For each contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which are distinct, to be the identified performance obligations.

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In determining the transaction price the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. The Company has assessed the financing component on contract basis, and conclude there is no significant financing component exist either implicitly or explicitly. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct product based on their relative standalone selling price.

Revenues are reported net of all value added taxes. The Company does not routinely permit customers to return products, while in certain conditions product changes are allowed, and historically customer returns have been immaterial and due to the nature of company's products no warranty is offered. Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company's performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time), which typically occurs at delivery.

**Cost of revenue:**

Cost of revenue consists primarily of cost of materials, direct labors, overhead, and other related incidental expenses that are directly attributable to the Company's principal operations.

**Government Grant**

Government grants are recognized when received and all the conditions for their receipt have been met.

Government grants as the compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Company with no future related cost are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they become receivable. During the years ended as of September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, $34,027, $22,684 and $337,216, respectively, government grants were recognized as other income for financial support to the Company under local government's innovation incentive programs.

**Research and Development Costs**

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development reimbursements and grants received from government are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research and development costs.

**Income Taxes**

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method whereby it calculates deferred tax assets or liabilities for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits by applying enacted tax rates applicable to the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be reversed or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. For the fiscal years ended as of September 30, 2025, we have a full valuation allowance of $1.85 million recorded against our net deferred tax asset, primarily due to our experiencing a three-year cumulative operating loss. This amount will not be released until we have earnings and forecasted income which provide sufficient positive evidence that our deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are individually classified as non-current amounts.

We record uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of a two-step process whereby (1) we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. There was no tax (expense) benefits recorded for the years ended as of September 30, 2025 and 2024.

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**Advertising costs**

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred in accordance with ASC 720-35 Other Expense-Advertising costs. Advertising costs were $110,324, $42,488, and $19,972 for years ended September 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

**Comprehensive income (loss)**

Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) from foreign currency adjustments. Comprehensive income (loss) is reported in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as presented on the balance sheets are the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded accumulated other comprehensive loss balance of $3,128,020 and $2,326,968, respectively.

**Earnings Per Share**

Earnings (loss) per share is calculated in accordance with ASC 260 Earnings per Share. Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed in accordance with the treasury stock method and based on the weighted average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents. Dilutive common share equivalents are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share if their effects would be anti-dilutive.

**Commitments and contingencies**

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to commitments and contingencies, including operating lease and finance lease commitments, legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business that relate to a wide range of matters, such as government investigations and tax matters. The Company recognizes a liability for such contingency if it determines it is probable that a loss will occur, and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. The Company may consider many factors in making these assessments on liability for contingencies, including historical and the specific facts and circumstances of each matter.

**Concentration of Risks**

*Exchange Rate Risks*

The Company operates in China, which may give rise to significant foreign currency risks mainly from fluctuations and the degree of volatility of foreign exchange rates between the USD and the RMB.

*Currency Convertibility Risks*

Substantially all of the Company's operating activities are transacted in RMB, which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions take place either through the People's Bank of China or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the People's Bank of China. Approval of foreign currency payments by the People's Bank of China or other regulatory institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with other information such as suppliers' invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts.

*Concentration of Credit Risks*

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risks consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investment, notes receivable, accounts receivable and other receivables, the balances of which are stated on the consolidated balance sheets which represent the Company's maximum exposure. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investment in good credit quality financial institutions in Hong Kong and China. Concentration of credit risks with respect to accounts receivables is linked to the concentration of revenue. To manage credit risk, the Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of customers' financial condition. The concentration analysis of our revenue and accounts receivable is shown in Note 17.

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*Interest Rate Risks*

The Company is subject to interest rate risk. The Company has bank interest bearing loans charged at variable interest rates. And although some bank interest bearing loans are charged at fixed interest rates within the reporting period, the Company is still subject to the risk of adverse changes in the interest rates charged by the banks when these loans are refinanced.

**Recent Accounting Pronouncements**

*New Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted*

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement" ("ASU 2018-13"). The amendments in this ASU modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for any removed or modified disclosures. The removed and modified disclosures will be adopted on a retrospective basis and the new disclosures will be adopted on a prospective basis. The Company does not plan to early adopt ASU 2018-13 or expect this update will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

*New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted*

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, *Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)*: Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity, which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception and it also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. This update permits the use of either the modified retrospective or fully retrospective method of transition. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-09"), which modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) the income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign) and (3) income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

**NOTE 3 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE**

Accounts receivable consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Accounts receivable, gross | $31345417 | $29974474 |
| Less: allowance for doubtful accounts | (8256737) | (7580664) |
| Accounts receivable, net | $23088679 | $22393810 |

---

The Company recorded $1,757,042 and $682,496 bad debt expense during the year ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there was bad-debt write-off recorded by the Company with amount of $1,019,711 and $nil, respectively.

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Changes of allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follow:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Beginning balance | $7580664 | $6617485 |
| Additional reserve through bad debt expense | 1731539 | 700653 |
| Bad-debt write off | (1019711) |  |
| Exchange difference | (35755) | 262526 |
| Ending balance | $8256737 | $7580664 |

---

**NOTE 4 – PREPAYMENT, DEPOSIT AND OTHER RECEIVABLE - CURRENT**

Our current prepayment, deposit and other receivable consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Accounts receivable consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Advance to third parties\* | $2601051 | $3151947 |
| Advance to investment escrow account | 1000000 | 1000000 |
| Others | 226651 | 505067 |
| Total | $3827702 | $4657014 |

---

\* Advance to third parties are short term in nature and are due on demand with no interest bearing.

**NOTE 5 – INVENTORIES**

Inventories as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Raw materials | $61653 | $855488 |
| Work-in-process | 5741923 | 6914276 |
| Finished goods | 7275601 | 5758406 |
| Provision for inventory impairment | - |  |
| Total | $13079177 | $13528170 |

---

As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company pledged no inventory to secure banking facilities granted to the Company, respectively.

No impairment provision of inventories recorded for lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

**NOTE 6 – ADVANCE TO SUPPLIERS AND ADVANCE FROM CUSTOMERS**

Advance to suppliers consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Prepayments for materials purchased | $1596383 | $17641946 |

---

Advance from customers consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Prepayments from customers | $1125528 | $14861280 |

---

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**NOTE 7 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT**

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Buildings | $5802420 | $5886262 |
| Machinery | 8826527 | 8446168 |
| Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 671539 | 647880 |
| Motor vehicles | 464794 | 471510 |
| Total property plant and equipment, at cost | 15765280 | 15451820 |
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (7960475) | (7347486) |
|  | 7804805 | 8104335 |
| Construction in progress ("CIP") | 1591 |  |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | $7806396 | $8104335 |

---

Depreciation expense was $714,469 and $618,719 for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company pledged buildings and machinery to secure banking facilities granted to the Company. The carrying values of the pledged buildings to secure bank borrowings by the Company are shown in Note 13.

**NOTE 8 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Land use rights, cost | $559256 | $567337 |
| Software, cost | 80441 | 1305535 |
| Patent, cost | 1391089 | 1411189 |
| Other intangible assets, cost | 1124 | 1140 |
| Less: impairment charge |  |  |
| Less: accumulated amortization | (859586) | (2002262) |
| Intangible assets, net | $1172324 | $1282939 |

---

The land use right represents the Company's land use rights in Wenzhou's plant, which had been pledged to secure the Company's banking facilities granted to the Company as of September 30, 2025 and 2024. The carrying values of the pledged land use rights to secure bank borrowings by the Company are shown in Note 13.

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2021, the Company entered into a series of consulting agreements with third-party entity and individuals to develop and implement the following software platforms:

● The DeFi (decentralized finance) Protocol, a stablecoin DEX (decentralized exchange) and liquidity mining platform, available at https://xsigma.fi.

● Two flagship trading platforms, "xSigma Trading" for CFD trading and "xSigma Trader" for Crypto, Crypto Options and Crypto derivatives.

● MaximNFT platform ("MaximNFT"), available at www.maximnft.com, the exclusive NFT (Non-Fungible Token) marketplace partners with Maxim, the iconic men's lifestyle brand. It will allow customers to create and sell NFTs on various blockchains, including, but not limited to, Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, and Polkadot.

The software platforms are intended for internal use which is to provide services to customers and the Company does not have any plan to market the software for sales externally. In exchange of the development services provided, the Company paid consideration in the form of cash, stock and stock warrants, and all the costs incurred during the Application development Stage were capitalized pursuant to ASC 350-40-25.

During 2023 fiscal year, the Company evaluated the recoverability of the three platforms, including Defi Exchange, xSigma Trading, and MaximNFT pursuant to ASC 360-10-35-21 and concluded that the carrying value of the three platforms may not be recoverable as it projects that the platform is likely to have continuing losses and it's more likely than not this platform will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The Company wrote off the carrying value of the platform and recorded a loss of $10,346,769.

Amortization expense was $154,582 and $230,611 for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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**NOTE 9 - LONG-TERM ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE**

Long-term accounts receivable as of September 30, 2025 consists of the accounts receivable sold to a third-party. On August 18, 2022, the Company sold accounts receivables of its 144 customers with aggregated amount of RMB 65,776,506 to a third-party company with no recourse. The buyer shall pay to the Company RMB 62,487,681, which is 95% of the transferred accounts receivable value, no later than December 31, 2024 and therefore was classified as long-term accounts receivable with discounted present value of $7,522,188. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, the Company evaluated ASC 860-20-40 and recorded gain on accounts receivable factoring of $1,602,500 and interest expense of $1,151,453. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, the maturity date was extended to December 31, 2026, and Company collected accounts receivable of $1,630,442 and recorded interest expense of $359,051. During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company collected accounts receivable of $421,408 and $832,836, and recorded interest expense of $459,461 and $478,733, respectively. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the balance of long-term accounts receivable was $5,371,315 and $5,379,311, respectively.

**NOTE 10 – LONG-TERM INVESTMENT**

*Wenzhou Longlian Development Co., Ltd. ("Longlian")*

The Company made an investment in Longlian, a private company incorporated in PRC, in 2011 by RMB 2,083,300 with equity percentage of 2.0833%. The principal activities of Longlian are property and infrastructure construction. As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company carried this investment at its cost in the amount of $296,868 and $285,540, respectively. During 2024 and 2023 fiscal years, the Company no dividend income from Longlian.

During the 2025 fiscal year, Longlian has suspended its operations due to the real estate market decline in China, and may resume operations when market recovers. For the year ended September 30, 2025, the Company has written off the investment in Longlian and recorded impairment loss of $288,846.

*CG Malta Holding Limited ("CG Malta")*

On April 8, 2021, ZK International Group Co., Ltd., a British Virgin Islands company (the "Company"), through its wholly-owned subsidiary xSigma Entertainment Limited ("xSigma Entertainment") entered into a Subscription of Shares Agreement (the "Subscription Agreement") with CG Malta on April 4, 2021, pursuant to which xSigma Entertainment acquired 12% interest in CG Malta through xSigma Entertainment for US$15 million and agreed to subscribe to an additional number of ordinary shares in CG Malta for a total purchase price of US$35 million, which will guarantee to xSigma Entertainment an additional 13% interest in CG Malta, subject to the signing of a separate subscription agreement not later than four months from April 4, 2021. On August 4, 2021, xSigma Entertainment entered into an amendment to the Subscription Agreement, pursuant to which the subscription to the ordinary shares in CG Malta for a total purchase price of US$35 million will be subject to signing of a separate subscription agreement no later than January 1, 2022. The Company completed an investment of US$10 million in CG Malta in September 2021, and as a result of the investment the Company has an ownership of 15.73% on CG Malta.

The Company's equity investment in CG Malta is accounted for under ASC 321 Investment: Equity Securities. The Company has elected the measurement alternative under ASC 321 to use cost minus impairment method for the subsequent measurement of its equity investment.

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For the 2021 and 2022 fiscal years, CG Malta achieved high growth with its online gaming services launched in more than 10 states in US with high growth rate of Real Money Handle and First-Time Depositor. More detailed operation performance is included in *Item 5. Operating And Financial Review And Prospects.* As of September 30, 2022, the Company carried this investment at its cost in the amount of $25,000,000. For the year ended September 30, 2022, no impairment was recognized for the investment in CG Malta.

During the 2023 fiscal year, the competition of gaming market has been increasingly intense. Market bullishness and valuations peaked in early-2023 and declined rapidly from there, preventing CG Malta from raising further capital to execute its business plan. For the best interest of the Company's shareholder, the Company decided to stop funding CG Malta and instead demanded the management team of CG Malta took active measures to achieve organic growth and healthy cash flow. However, the business was unable to raise the capital required to fund the business plan, and therefore the shareholders of CG Malta passed shareholder resolution on November 27, 2023 to cease operations of CG Malta and wind up the entity. For the year ended September 30, 2023, the Company has written off the investment in CG Malta and recorded impairment loss of $25,000,000.

*Recruiter.Com Group, Inc. ("RCRT")*

On July 12, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "Securities Purchase Agreement") with Recruiter.Com Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: RCRT) which subsequently changed its name to NIXXY, Inc. (NASDAQ: NIXX). Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to purchase 2,000,000 shares of common stock of RCRT at a price of US$1.00 per share (the "Investment"). The Company has an option to purchase additional 2,000,000 shares at $1.00 per share. On September 11, 2024, the Company completed the first closing of the Investment, and RCRT issued a total of 1,749,975 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, to the Company, at US$1.00 per share. As of September 30, 2025, the Company has an equity percentage of les than 10% in RCRT and determined the investment has readily determinable fair value as the stock is publicly traded under the stock symbol NIXX. As of September 30, 2025, the stock was traded at a closing price of $1.41, resulting the fair value of our investment of NIXX to be $2,467,500 and therefore the Company recorded an unrealized investment gain of $717,500.

**NOTE 11 – LEASES**

The Company leases office and staff dorm under non-cancellable operating leases expiring on different dates. The lease terms of these leases are three to five years. When determining the lease term, the Company includes options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option, if any. All of the Company's leases of office and staff dorm qualify as operating leases.

Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to calculate present value is incremental borrowing rate or, if available, the rate which is implicit in the lease. The Company determines the incremental borrowing rate for each lease based primarily on its lease term in PRC, which is approximately 4.75%. The total operating lease expenses for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $18,742 and $25,285, respectively.

Weighted-average remaining term and discount rate related to leases were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of**<br>**September 30,**<br>**2025** | **As of**<br>**September 30,**<br>**2024** |
| **Weighted-average remaining term** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating leases | 2.75 | 1.83 |
| **Weighted-average discount rate** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating leases | 4.75% | 4.75% |

---

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**NOTE 12 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS**

Net amounts due to related parties consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
| <br>**Accounts** | <br>**Name of related parties** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Related party payables | Shareholder, HUANG Jian Cong | $- | $71740 |
| Related party payables | Affiliates of the Company | 13064 | 145166 |
| Related party receivables | Shareholder, HUANG Jian Cong | 177658 |  |

---

Related party payables represented unsecured and interest free borrowings between the Company and Huang Jiancong and other related parties to the Company. For the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had outstanding loans with total amount of $nil and $71,740 from its shareholder, HUANG Jian Cong.

Related party receivables represented unsecured and interest free borrowings between the Company and Huang Jiancong. For the years ended September 30, 2025, the Company had outstanding advance to Huang Jianxong with amount of $177,658, and the amount was subsequently repaid.

**NOTE 13 – ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES**

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| VAT payable | $3771105 | $3882740 |
| Other tax payables | 50752 | 49557 |
| Other | 550680 | 328784 |
| Total | $4372537 | $4261081 |

---

Other current liabilities contain primarily unsecured, due on demand and interest free short-term loan to the Company from third party entities and deposits for bidding from suppliers to the Company.

**NOTE 14 – SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM BANK BORROWINGS**

Short-term bank borrowings consisted of the following at September 30, 2024:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Bank Name** | **Amount - RMB** | **Amount -<br> USD** | **Issuance<br> Date** | **Expiration <br> Date** | **Interest** |
| Industrial Bank | 9000000 | 1282490 | 2024-05-23 | 2025-05-23 | 3.15% |
| CZBANK | 1000000 | 142499 | 2024-09-30 | 2025-09-01 | 3.50% |
| CZBANK | 11000000 | 1567487 | 2024-09-30 | 2025-09-01 | 3.50% |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank | 9000000 | 1282490 | 2024-01-10 | 2025-01-10 | 3.90% |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank | 11000000 | 1567487 | 2024-01-12 | 2025-01-12 | 3.90% |
| China Everbright Bank | 10000000 | 1424989 | 2024-06-26 | 2025-06-25 | 3.05% |
| Bank of China | 6000000 | 854993 | 2024-03-22 | 2025-03-22 | 3.10% |
| Bank of China | 15000000 | 2137483 | 2023-11-24 | 2024-11-23 | 3.65% |
| Total | 72000000 | 10259918 |  |  |  |

---

Long-term bank borrowings consisted of the following at September 30, 2024:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Bank Name** | **Amount - RMB** | **Amount -<br> USD** | **Expiration<br> Date** | **Date** | **Interest** |
| China Minsheng Bank | 9500000 | 1353739 | 2023-08-11 | 2025-08-11 | 3.80% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 14250000 | 2030609 | 2023-08-14 | 2025-08-14 | 3.80% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 19000000 | 2707478 | 2023-08-21 | 2025-08-20 | 3.80% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 9990000 | 1423564 | 2024-02-26 | 2025-05-20 | 3.66% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 5990000 | 853568 | 2024-02-27 | 2025-05-20 | 3.66% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 9800000 | 1396489 | 2024-03-25 | 2025-06-25 | 3.65% |
| Huaxia Bank | 6370000 | 907718 | 2023-03-27 | 2026-03-15 | 4.05% |
| Huaxia Bank | 6279000 | 894750 | 2023-03-28 | 2026-03-15 | 4.05% |
| Total | 81179000 | 11567915 |  |  |  |

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Short-term bank borrowings consisted of the following at September 30, 2025:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Bank Name** | **Amount - RMB** | **Amount - <br> USD** | **Issuance <br> Date** | **Expiration <br> Date** | **Interest** |
| Industrial Bank | 5000000 | 702346 | 2025-04-25 | 2026-04-24 | 2.70% |
| Industrial Bank | 4000000 | 561877 | 2025-04-27 | 2026-04-26 | 2.70% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 4000000 | 561877 | 2024-11-21 | 2025-11-21 | 3.50% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 3965000 | 556960 | 2025-02-19 | 2026-02-19 | 3.00% |
| CZBANK | 10000000 | 1404692 | 2025-08-28 | 2026-08-26 | 3.00% |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank | 6000000 | 842815 | 2025-01-22 | 2026-01-22 | 3.00% |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank | 6980000 | 980475 | 2025-05-15 | 2026-05-15 | 2.90% |
| Shanghai Pudong Development Bank | 7000000 | 983284 | 2025-07-18 | 2026-06-16 | 2.70% |
| China Everbright Bank | 5000000 | 702346 | 2025-06-23 | 2026-06-22 | 2.70% |
| China Everbright Bank | 5000000 | 702346 | 2025-06-23 | 2026-06-22 | 2.70% |
| Bank of China | 10000000 | 1404692 | 2025-03-24 | 2026-03-20 | 2.80% |
| CITIC BANK | 9500000 | 1334457 | 2025-01-06 | 2026-01-06 | 2.90% |
| CITIC BANK | 9500000 | 1334457 | 2025-02-10 | 2026-02-10 | 2.90% |
| Total | 85945000 | 12072623 |  |  |  |

---

Long-term bank borrowings consisted of the following at September 30, 2025:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Bank Name** | **Amount - RMB** | **Amount -<br> USD** | **Issuance <br> Date** | **Expiration <br> Date** | **Interest** |
| China Minsheng Bank | 15000000 | 2107038 | 2025-07-22 | 2027-07-22 | 3.00% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 9990000 | 1403287 | 2025-07-30 | 2027-07-30 | 3.00% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 10000000 | 1404692 | 2025-08-05 | 2027-08-05 | 3.00% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 10000000 | 1404692 | 2025-08-11 | 2027-08-11 | 3.00% |
| Huaxia Bank | 5953000 | 836213 | 2023-03-27 | 2026-03-15 | 3.70% |
| Huaxia Bank | 5862000 | 823430 | 2023-03-28 | 2026-03-15 | 3.70% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 6770000 | 950976 | 2025-05-16 | 2026-08-16 | 3.00% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 5000000 | 702346 | 2025-06-11 | 2026-09-11 | 3.00% |
| China Minsheng Bank | 4500000 | 632111 | 2025-06-12 | 2026-09-12 | 3.00% |
| Total | 73075000 | 10264785 |  |  |  |

---

The Company's short-term and long-term bank borrowings are pledged by its assets as listed below, and guaranteed by the Company's major shareholders: HUANG Jian Cong, WANG Jian Di, WANG Guo Lin, WANG Min Jie, and WANG Yang Ming, and their immediate family members.

The carrying values of the Company's pledged assets to secure short-term and long-term borrowings by the Company are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Buildings, net | $1415792 | $828741 |
| Land use rights, net | 331258 | 348378 |
| Machinery, net | - | 911200 |
| Total | $1747050 | $2088319 |

---

**NOTE 15 – COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES**

The Company, from time to time, may be a party to claims and legal proceedings generally incidental to its business. As of September 30, 2025, Company has no material purchase commitments, significant leases and unused letter of credit.

**NOTE 16 – UNCERTAIN TAX POSITION**

In the normal course of its business, our Company, including in particular Zhejiang Zhengkang and Wenzhou Zhengfeng, may be subject to challenges from various PRC taxing authorities regarding the amounts of taxes due. Although the Company's management believes the Company has paid all accrued for all taxes owed by the Company, from time to time, in order for our Company to stay competitive in the market, we may need to accept unfavorable contract terms from our clients, including the accrue of accounts receivables for the delivery of our products until the completion of a certain construction project and without recognizing the revenue in the interim. PRC taxing authorities may also take the position that the Company owes more taxes than it has paid based on transactions conducted by ZK Pipe, which may be deemed a resident enterprise, thereby resulting in taxable liability for Zhejiang Zhengkang.

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In addition, the Company recorded no potential income tax liability for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and for the possible underpayment of income and other taxes, not include potential interests or penalties. It is possible that the tax liability of the Company for past taxes may be higher than those amounts. The Company's management believes it has sufficient cash on hand to adequately meet any tax liability for the underpayment of income and VAT taxes. Additionally, the Company's management believes it may be able to negotiate with local PRC taxing authorities a reduction to any amounts that such authorities may believe are due and a reduction to any interest or penalties thereon. We have no guarantee that we will be able to negotiate such a reduction. To the extent our Company is able to negotiate such amounts, the Company records such reduction as unrecognized tax benefits due to the fact that national-level taxing authorities may take the position that localities are without power to reduce such liabilities, and such PRC taxing authorities may attempt to collect unpaid taxes. The PRC tax law provides statute of limitations of 3 years to collect unpaid taxes. The Company recognizes the portion of unrecognized tax benefit that is beyond 3 years as reduction of its tax liabilities due to the fact that the statute of limitations for the relevant taxing authorities to examine and challenge the tax position has expired. The changes of unrecognized tax benefit recorded by the Company are shown in Note 22.

**NOTE 17 – GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES**

General and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 consisted of following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Employee compensation and benefits | 1328034 | 2189705 |
| Consulting expenses | 1712829 | 1573023 |
| Amortization expenses | 154582 | 154758 |
| Depreciation expenses | 213134 | 162335 |
| Entertainment expenses | 81314 | 117885 |
| Sales tax | 107309 | 141000 |
| Other expenses | 548067 | 490397 |
| Total | $4145269 | 4829103 |

---

**NOTE 18 – CUSTOMER AND SUPPLIER CONCENTRATION**

Significant customers and suppliers are those that account for greater than 10% of the Company's revenues and purchases.

The Company had no such significant customer who account for greater than 10% of the company's revenue for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The Company had no customer who accounted for more than 10% of total accounts receivables as of September 30, 2025 and 2024.

For the year ended September 30, 2025, two suppliers accounted for 23% and 27% of the Company's total raw material purchase, respectively. The Company had no supplier who accounted for more than 10% of total accounts payable as of September 30, 2025. For the year ended September 30, 2024, two suppliers accounted for 30% and 21% of the Company's total raw material purchase, respectively. The Company had two suppliers who accounted for more than 10% of total accounts payable as of September 30, 2024, the suppliers had accounts payable balance of $723,665 and $337,241 which represents 23.16% and 10.79% of total accounts payable, respectively. The Company believes there are numerous other suppliers that could substitute the current significant vendors should they become unavailable or non-competitive.

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**NOTE 19 – CONVERTIBLE NOTES**

On August 26, 2021, ZK entered into Convertible Debenture agreements with certain unaffiliated investors identified therein (each an "**Holder**" and collectively "**Holders**"). The convertible debentures, with aggregate principal amount of $12.7 million and 5% annual interest rate, are exercisable for a period of one year at an exercise price of 80% of the volume weighted average closing price during the seven (7) consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding the Conversion Date, but not lower than the Floor Price of $2.5 per share. The transaction was closed on September 27, 2021 and full proceeds were received. As of September 30, 2022, a majority of Holders have demanded to convert their convertible debentures and a total of 3,047,486 shares were issued to the demanded Holders.

The embedded conversion feature of the above convertible notes was determined to be beneficial conversion feature that requires recognition within equity on the commitment date. The BCF was measured the intrinsic values for convertible notes on the commitment dates, which are the dates that the agreements were signed with the investors. The Company's convertible notes both have stated redemption dates (maturity dates), which are 12 months from the issuance dates, the BCF values will be accreted from issuance date to the conversion date or the stated maturity date, whichever is earlier. The accretion calculation is based on effective interest rate method consistent with the ordinary debt instruments.

On December 7, 2022, the Company entered into amendment agreements with outstanding Holders to amend the maturity date to August 26, 2023, and the amendment was treated as extinguishment of the original convertible notes and issuance of new convertible notes with principle amount of $3,947,080 and discount on debt of $678,782.

On December 21, 2023, the Company entered into amendment agreements with outstanding Holders to amend the maturity date to June 30, 2024, and the amendment was treated as extinguishment of the original convertible notes and issuance of new convertible notes ("Convertible Note 2023").

In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Note 2023 under ASU 2020 - 06, the Company recorded the convertible note as a single liability in its entirety according to the new framework. The effective interest rate for the Convertible Note 2023 is 16.82%.

On January 4, 2025, the Company entered into amendment agreements with outstanding Holders to amend the maturity date to August 26, 2025, and the amendment was treated as extinguishment of the original convertible notes and issuance of new convertible notes ("Convertible Note 2024").

In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Note 2024 under ASU 2020-06, the Company recorded the convertible note as a single liability in its entirety according to the new framework. The effective interest rate for the Convertible Note 2024 is 20.02%.

Pursuant to the Convertible Debenture agreements, the convertible notes have a floor price of $17.5 (as adjusted for the reverse stock split) and can be converted at the options of both Holders and the Company. Upon the maturity date of the Convertible Note 2024, the Holders neither demanded the Company to redeem the convertible debentures, nor converted their convertible debentures, instead they negotiated with the Company to lower the conversion floor price. As of the date the Company issued the consolidated financial statements, the negotiation is ongoing and extension agreement has not been signed due to the ongoing negotiation. The Company believe there's no legal risk regarding the extension of the Convertible Debenture without extension agreement signed, despite those convertible debentures are in default for accounting purposes, as the Company has right to conversion at its own discretion.

For the year ended September 30, 2025, there were no Holders converted their convertible debentures. Net carrying amount of the liability component Convertible Notes dated as of September 30, 2025 was as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |<br>**Principal**<br>**outstanding** | **Interest on**<br>**Convertible**<br>**notes** | **Net**<br>**carrying**<br>**value** |
| Convertible Notes - 2025 | $3948900 | 1049854 | $4998754 |

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**NOTE 20 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY**

On January 31, 2025. we completed a seven (7) for one (1) reverse stock split (the "Reverse Split") of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares, no par value per share.

From the legal perspective, the Reverse Split applied to the issued shares of the Company on the date of the Reverse Split and does not have any retroactive effect on the Company's shares prior that date. However, for accounting purposes only, references to our ordinary shares in this annual report are stated as having been retroactively adjusted and restated to give effect to the Reverse Split, as if the Reverse Split had occurred by the relevant earlier date.

**Share Issuances**

*2023 Fiscal Year*

On March 15, 2023, the Company issued a total of 225,743 shares (1,580,200 shares prior to split) to 12 employees pursuant to the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan under which a maximum of 600,00 shares (4,200,000 shares prior to split) is authorized to be granted to employees of the Company. The fair value of the shares issued had an estimated fair value of $1,185,150 which is measured based on their fair market value on the date of grant.

On July 26, 2023, the Company issued a total of 145,657 shares (1,019,600 shares prior to split) to 12 employees pursuant to the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan under which a maximum of 600,00 shares (4,200,000 shares prior to split) is authorized to be granted to employees of the Company. The fair value of the shares issued had an estimated fair value of $654,583 which is measured based on their fair market value on the date of grant.

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, no convertible holder exercised convertible notes.

*2024 Fiscal Year*

The Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 27, 2023, with one institutional investor. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the investor purchased, and the Company issued and sold 450,698 shares (3,154,885 prior to split) ordinary shares of the Company, of no par value (the "Shares"), at an aggregate purchase price of $5 million. On April 29, 2024, the Company successfully issued the Shares, marking the closure of the private placement.

*2025 Fiscal Year*

On April 15, 2025, the Company issued 400,000 shares pursuant to a business consulting agreement the Company entered into. The fair value of the shares issued had an estimated fair value of $358,360 which is measured based on their fair market value on the date of grant. On May 06, 2025, the Company issued 500,000 shares pursuant to a investor relations agreement the Company entered into. The fair value of the shares issued had an estimated fair value of $530,000 which is measured based on their fair market value on the date of grant. On May 06, 2025, the Company issued 500,000 shares pursuant to a investor relations agreement the Company entered into. The fair value of the shares issued had an estimated fair value of $530,000 which is measured based on their fair market value on the date of grant. On September 08, 2025, the Company issued 300,000 shares pursuant to a business development agreement the Company entered into. The fair value of the shares issued had an estimated fair value of $558,000 which is measured based on their fair market value on the date of grant.

**Statutory surplus reserves**

Pursuant to Chinese Company law applicable to foreign investment companies, the Company's PRC subsidiaries are required to maintain statutory surplus reserves. The statutory surplus reserves are to be appropriated from net income after taxes, and should be at least 10% of the after tax net income determined in accordance with accounting principles and relevant financial regulations applicable to PRC enterprises ("PRC GAAP"). The Company has an option of not appropriating the statutory surplus reserve after the statutory surplus reserve is equal to 50% of the subsidiary's registered capital. Statutory surplus reserves are recorded as a component of shareholders' equity. The statutory surplus reserve as of September 30, 2025 is $3,176,556.

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Wenzhou Weijia has not commenced operation since inception. No appropriation to the statutory surplus reserves.

Zhejiang Zhengkang recorded a net loss for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, so no appropriation to the statutory surplus reserves and staff welfare and bonus fund was made.

Wenzhou Zhengfeng recorded a net loss for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, so no appropriation to the statutory surplus reserves and staff welfare and bonus fund was made.

Dividends declared by the Company's PRC subsidiaries are based on the distributable profits as reported in their statutory financial statements reported in accordance with PRC GAAP, which differ from the results of operations reflected in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP. The Company's ability to pay dividends is primarily dependent on the Company receiving distributions of funds from its PRC subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2025, the Company has no dividend payable.

Under PRC laws and regulations, statutory surplus reserves are restricted to set-off against losses, expansion of production and operation and increasing registered capital of the respective company, and are not distributable other than upon liquidation. The reserves are not allowed to be transferred to the Company in terms of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor are they allowed for distribution except under liquidation. Amounts restricted include the PRC subsidiaries' paid-in capital and statutory surplus reserves of the Company's PRC subsidiaries totaling $7,470,323 as of September 30, 2025 and 2024.

**Non-controlling interests**

Non-controlling interests represent the interest of non-controlling shareholders in Zhejiang Zhengkang based on their proportionate interests in the equity of that company adjusted for its proportionate share of income or losses from operations. On September 29, 2015, Wenzhou Weijia acquired 99% equity percentage of Zhejiang Zhengkang from 5 individual shareholders: HUANG Jian Cong, WANG Ming Jie, WANG Guo Lin, WANG Jian Di and WANG Yang Ming. After that, Zhejiang Zhengkang's equity interest is 99% held by Wenzhou Weijia and 1% held by HUANG Jian Cong as of the year end. The non-controlling interest in Zhejiang Zhengkang was 1% as of September 30, 2025 and 2024. The non-controlling interest in ZK Uganda was 20% as of September 30, 2025. The non-controlling interest in xSigma Corporation was 49% as of September 30, 2025. The non-controlling interest in Suona was 1% as of September 30, 2025.

**NOTE 21 – STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS**

**Stock Option**

On April 5, 2021, the Company entered into a Consulting Agreement with a third-party consultant for her marketing and promoting services provided to xSigma Corporation. Pursuant to the Consulting Agreement, the Company issued 35,714 stock options (250,000 stock options prior to split), of which 7,143 options (50,000 options prior to split) are exercisable upon execution of the Consulting Agreement and the 28,571 stock options (200,000 stock options prior to split) shall vest in four equal installments on a quarterly basis (7,143 shares every three months). The Company estimates the fair value of the share-based option awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (the "Black-Scholes model"). Using the Black-Scholes model, the value of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized over the requisite service period in the statement of operations. The Company attributes compensation to expense using the straight-line single option method for the options granted.

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A summary of stock option activity for the year ended September 30, 2025, is presented below:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Shares**<br>**Underlying**<br>**Options** | **Weighted**<br>**Average**<br>**Exercise Price** | **Remaining**<br>**Contractual**<br>**Term (Years)** | **Grant-**<br>**Date**<br>**Fair Value** |
| Outstanding at October 1, 2021 | 35714 | $70 | 0 | $1085386 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Granted |  | $— |  | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised |  | $— |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Forfeited |  | $— |  |  |
| Outstanding at September 30, 2025 | 35714 | $70 | 0 | $1085386 |
| Exercisable at September 30, 2025 | 35714 | $70 | 0 | $— |

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\* The table gives retroactive effect to the January 31, 2025 one-for-seven reverse share split.

**Stock Warrants**

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had outstanding 14,102 warrants (98,716 stock warrants prior to split) issued in connection with the consulting arrangement and stock offering. The following is a summary of the change in outstanding warrants during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |<br>**Shares<br> Underlying**<br>**Options/<br> Warrants** |<br>**Weighted<br> Average**<br>**Exercise<br> Price** | **Weighted**<br>**Average**<br>**Remaining<br> Contractual**<br>**Term <br> (Years)** |
| Outstanding at October 1, 2024 | 682092 | $20.09 | 1.42 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Issued |  | $— |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised | (316901) | $— |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expired | (351089) | $— |  |
| Outstanding at September 30, 2025 | 14102 | $1.38 | 0.42 |
| Exercisable at September 30, 2025 | 14102 | $1.38 | 0.42 |

---

\* The table gives retroactive effect to the January 31, 2025 one-for-seven reverse share split.

**NOTE 22 – SEGMENT REPORTING**

ASC 280, "Segment Reporting", establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company's internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major customers in financial statements for details on the Company's business segments. The Company uses the "management approach" in determining reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company's chief operating decision maker for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company's reportable segments. Management, including the chief operating decision maker, reviews operation results by the revenue of different products. Based on management's assessment, the Company has determined that it has one operating segment as defined by ASC 280.

For the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, revenue and assets within PRC contributed over 90% of the Company's total revenue and assets.

**NOTE 23 – INCOME TAXES**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30,** | **As of September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
| Bad debt allowance recorded for accounts receivable, other receivable, and long-term prepayments | $1435363 | $1137100 |
| Inventory provision |  |  |
| Net operating loss carry-forward | 348442 | 105130 |
| Less: valuation allowance | (1783805) | (1242230) |
| Total | $- | $- |

---

Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary difference between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial statement purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company had no deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2025 and 2024. The Company evaluated the likelihood of the realization of deferred tax assets and reduces the carrying amount of the deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance to the extent it believes a portion will not be realized.

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Income taxes for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are attributed to the Company's continuing operations in China and consisted of:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the year ended<br> September 30,** | **For the year ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Current income tax expense (recovery) | $(948) | $12106 |
| Deferred income tax expenses | - | - |
| Total income tax expense (recovery) | $(948) | $12106 |

---

Per the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, the income tax expenses for the Company can be reconciled to the income before income taxes for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the year ended<br> September 30,** | **For the year ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Income before taxes excluded the amounts of loss incurring entities | $— | $— |
| PRC EIT tax rates | 15% | 15% |
| Tax effect of deferred tax recognized |  |  |
| Adjustment on current income tax of the prior periods | (948) | 12106 |
| Change in unrecognized tax benefits |  |  |
| Income tax expense (recovery) | $(948) | $12106 |

---

Under the Law of the People's Republic of China on Enterprise Income Tax ("New EIT Law"), which was effective from January 1, 2008, both domestically- owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises are subject to a uniform tax rate of 25%.

Zhejiang Zhengkang was entitled High and New Technology Enterprise ("HNTE") and enjoyed preferential tax rate of 15% for a three-year validity period from April 16, 2009. And the HNTE certificate was renewed on October 29, 2012, September 17, 2015 and September 17, 2018 all with a three-year validity period respectively. Thus, Zhejiang Zhengkang is eligible for a 15% preferential tax rate from November 30, 2021 to November 30, 2024.

ZK International and xSigma Corporation is not subject to income taxes under the current laws of BVI. ZK Pipe was registered in Hong Kong and is subject to corporate income tax at 16.5% if revenue is generated in Hong Kong. Wenzhou Zhengfeng and Wenzhou Weijia were both registered in the PRC and have applicable EIT rate of 25%. ZK Uganda was registered in the Republic of Uganda and is subject to corporate income tax at 30% if revenue is generated in Uganda.

Due to the Company's status as a public company, the Company is able to negotiate with local PRC taxing authorities a reduction to certain amounts that such authorities may believe are due and a reduction to any interest or penalties thereon. To the extent our Company is able to negotiate such amounts, national-level taxing authorities may take the position that localities are without power to reduce such liabilities, and such PRC taxing authorities may attempt to collect the unpaid taxes. The PRC tax law provides statute of limitations of 3 years to collect unpaid taxes. The Company recognizes the portion of unrecognized tax benefit that is beyond 3 years as reduction of its tax liabilities due to the fact that the statute of limitations for the relevant taxing authorities to examine and challenge the tax position has expired.

As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. For the fiscal years 2025 and 2024, no tax authority initiated tax examination against the Company and the Company was issued *Certificate of No Tax Arrears* on November 6, 2023 by local tax authority which indicates the Company has fully paid income taxes for its tax returns since January 01, 2017.

**NOTE 24 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS**

*Private Placement*

 

On October 20, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with certain Non-U.S. investors (collectively, the "Purchasers") pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell to the Purchasers an aggregate of 10,010,000 ordinary shares, no par value per share (the "Ordinary Shares"), of the Company at a price of $2.09 per share. The transaction closed on November 14, 2025 where the Company issued an aggregate of 10,010,000 Ordinary Shares for an aggregate consideration of $20,920,900.

In accordance with ASC Topic 855, "Subsequent Events", which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before this financial statements are issued, the Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after September 30, 2025 up through the date the Company issued the consolidated financial statements, and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

## Exhibit 2.7

**Exhibit 2.7**

**Description of Rights of Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934**

Ordinary shares, no par value ("Ordinary Shares"), ZK INTERNATIONAL GROUP CO., LTD., an exempted company with limited liability established under the laws of the British Virgin Islands ("we," "our," "our company," "the Company," or "us") are listed and traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Our Ordinary Shares are registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act. This exhibit contains a description of the rights of the holders of Ordinary Shares.

**Description of Ordinary Shares**

The following is a summary of material provisions of our currently effective amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (the "memorandum and articles of association"), as well as the BVI Act (as amended) of the British Virgin Islands (the "BVI Act") insofar as they relate to the material terms of our Ordinary Shares. Notwithstanding this, because it is a summary, it may not contain all the information that you may otherwise deem important. For more complete information, you should read the entire Memorandum and Articles of Association of ZK International Group Co., Ltd., filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the registration statement on Form F-1, as amended, initially filed with the SEC on May 24, 2017 (File No. 333-218198).

***Type and Class of Securities (Item 9.A.5 of Form 20-F)***

Our Ordinary Shares have no par value. Each holder of Ordinary Shares is entitled to a certificate specifying the number of Ordinary Shares held by him, her or it. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the British Virgin Islands may freely hold and vote their Ordinary Shares.

The number of Ordinary Shares that have been issued as of the last day of the financial year ended September 30, 2025 is provided on the cover of the annual report on Form 20-F filed on February 4, 2026.

***Preemptive Rights (Item 9.A.3 of Form 20-F)***

There are no pre-emptive rights applicable to the issue by us of new Ordinary Shares under either British Virgin Islands law or our memorandum and articles of association.

***Limitations or Qualifications (Item 9.A.6 of Form 20-F)***

Not applicable.

***Rights of Other Types of Securities (Item 9.A.7 of Form 20-F)***

Not applicable.

***Rights of Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.3 of Form 20-F)***

<u>General</u>

We are authorized to issue 50,000,000 Ordinary Shares, with no par value. All of our issued Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable.

<u>Distributions</u>

The holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to such dividends or other distributions as may be authorized by our board of directors, subject to the BVI Act and our memorandum and articles of association.

<u>Shareholders' voting rights</u>

Any action required or permitted to be taken by the shareholders must be taken at a duly called meeting of the shareholders entitled to vote on such action. At each meeting of shareholders, each shareholder who is present in person or by proxy (or, in the case of a shareholder being a corporation, by its duly authorized representative) will have one vote for each Ordinary Share which such shareholder holds. An action that may be taken by the shareholders at a meeting may also be taken by a resolution of shareholders consented to in writing.

<u>Election of directors</u>

The laws of the British Virgin Islands do not specifically prohibit or restrict the creation of cumulative voting rights for the election of our directors. Cumulative voting is not a concept that is accepted as a common practice in the British Virgin Islands, and we have made no provisions in our memorandum and articles of association to allow cumulative voting for elections of directors.

<u>Meetings of Shareholders</u>

Any of our directors may convene a meeting of shareholders at any time and in any manner and place the director considers necessary or desirable. The director convening a meeting must not give less than seven days' notice of the meeting to those shareholders whose names appear as shareholders in the register of shareholders on the date of the notice and are entitled to vote at the meeting, and the other directors. Our board of directors must convene a meeting of shareholders upon the written request of shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested within 28 days of receiving the written request. A meeting of shareholders held in contravention of the requirement to give notice is valid if shareholders holding at least 90% of the total voting rights on all the matters to be considered at the meeting have waived notice of the meeting and, for this purpose, the presence of a shareholder at the meeting shall constitute waiver in relation to all the shares which that shareholder holds.

A person other than an individual which is a shareholder may by a resolution of its directors or other governing body authorise any individual it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of shareholders. The authorized representative shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the person which he represents as that person could exercise if it were an individual.

<u>Pre-emptive rights</u>

There are no pre-emptive rights applicable to the issue by us of new Ordinary Shares under either British Virgin Islands law or our memorandum and articles of association.

<u>Transfer of Ordinary Shares</u>

Subject to the restrictions in our memorandum and articles of association and applicable securities laws, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her Ordinary Shares by written instrument of transfer signed by the transferor and containing the name and address of the transferee. Our board of directors may not resolve to refuse or delay the transfer of any Ordinary Share unless the shareholder has failed to pay an amount due in respect of it.

<u>Liquidation</u>

If we are wound up and the assets available for distribution among our shareholders are more than sufficient to repay all amounts paid to us on account of the issue of shares immediately prior to the winding up, the excess shall be distributable pari passu among those shareholders in proportion to the amount paid up immediately prior to the winding up on the shares held by them, respectively. If we are wound up and the assets available for distribution among the shareholders as such are insufficient to repay the whole of the amounts paid to us on account of the issue of shares, those assets shall be distributed so that, to the greatest extent possible, the losses shall be borne by the shareholders in proportion to the amounts paid up immediately prior to the winding up on the shares held by them, respectively. If we are wound up, the liquidator appointed by us may, in accordance with the BVI Act, divide among our shareholders in specie or kind the whole or any part of our assets (whether they shall consist of property of the same kind or not) and may, for such purpose, set such value as the liquidator deems fair upon any property to be divided and may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the shareholders or different classes of shareholders.

The quorum for a meeting of shareholders is duly constituted if, at the beginning of the meeting, there are present in person or by proxy not less than 50% of the votes of the shares (or class or series of shares) entitled to vote on the resolutions to be considered at the meeting. A quorum may comprise a single shareholder or proxy. If within two hours from the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of the shareholders, will be dissolved. In any other case, it will stand adjourned to the next business day in the jurisdiction in which the meeting was to have been held at the same time and place or to such other time and place as the directors may determine, and if at the adjourned meeting there are present within one hour from the time appointed for the meeting in person or by proxy not less than one third of the votes of the shares or each class or series of shares entitle to vote on the matter to be considered by the meeting, those present will constitute a quorum but otherwise the meeting will be dissolved.

<u>Meetings of Directors</u>

Our business and affairs are managed by our board of directors who make decisions by voting on resolutions of directors. Our directors are free to meet at such times and in such manner and places within or outside the BVI as they determine to be necessary or desirable. A director must be given not less than 3 days' notice of a meeting of directors. At any meeting of directors, a quorum will be present if not less than one half of the total number of directors is present, unless there are only 2 directors in which case the quorum is 2. An action that may be taken by the directors at a meeting may also be taken by a resolution of directors consented to in writing by a majority of the directors.

<u>Calls on Ordinary Shares and forfeiture of Ordinary Shares</u>

Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their Ordinary Shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified date of payment. Where such a notice has been issued its requirements have not been complied with, the directors may, at any time before the tender of payment, forfeit and cancel the Ordinary Shares to which the notice relates.

<u>Redemption of Ordinary Shares</u>

Subject to the provisions of the BVI Act. Our board of directors may authorise the issuance of shares at such times, to such persons, for such consideration and on such terms ast hey may determine by a resolution of directors, subject to the BVI Act, our memorandum and articles of association and any applicable requirements imposed from time to time by the SEC, The Nasdaq Capital Market or any recognized stock exchange on which our securities are listed.

<u>Changes in the number of shares we are authorized to issue and those in issue</u>

We may from time to time by resolution of our board of directors:

● amend our memorandum of association to increase or decrease the maximum number of shares we are authorized to issue;

● subject to our memorandum of association, divide our authorized and issued shares into a larger number of shares; and

● subject to our memorandum of association, combine our authorized and issued shares into a smaller number of shares.

<u>Inspection of books and record</u>

Under the BVI Act, holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled, upon giving written notice to us, to inspect (i) our memorandum and articles of association, (ii) our register of shareholders, (iii) our register of directors and (iv) minutes of meetings and resolutions of our shareholders, and to make copies and take extracts from these documents and records.

<u>Issuance of additional Ordinary Shares</u>

Our memorandum and articles of association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional Ordinary Shares from authorized but unissued shares, to the extent available, at such times, to such persons, for such consideration and on such terms as they may determine by a resolution of directors.

***Requirements to Change the Rights of Holders of Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.4 of Form 20-F)***

<u>Variation of rights</u>

All or any of the rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of the BVI Act be varied only with the consent in writing of, or a resolution passed at a meeting by the holders of more than 50% of the issued shares of that class.

***Limitations on the Rights to Own Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.6 of Form 20-F)***

<u>Rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders</u>

There are no limitations imposed by our memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares.

***Provisions Affecting Any Change of Control (Item 10.B.7 of Form 20-F)***

<u>Protection of minority shareholders</u>

We would normally expect British Virgin Islands courts to follow English case law precedents, which would permit a minority shareholder to commence a representative action, or derivative actions in our name, to challenge (1) an act which is ultra vires or illegal, (2) an act which constitutes a fraud against the minority by parties in control of us, (3) an infringement of individual rights of the minority shareholder (such as the right to vote and pre-emptive rights), and (4) an irregularity in the passing of a resolution which requires a special or extraordinary majority of the shareholders.

***Ownership Threshold (Item 10.B.8 of Form 20-F)***

There are no provisions in our memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

***Differences Between the Law of Different Jurisdictions (Item 10.B.9 of Form 20-F)***

The BVI Act and the laws of the British Virgin Islands affecting British Virgin Islands companies like us and our shareholders differ from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the laws of the British Virgin Islands applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law in the United States and their shareholders.

<u>Mergers and Similar Arrangements</u>

Under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with Section 170 of the BVI Act. A merger means the merging of two or more constituent companies into one of the constituent companies (the "surviving company") and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a new company (the "consolidated company"). The procedure for a merger or consolidation between the company and another company (which need not be a British Virgin Islands company, and which may be the company's parent or subsidiary, but need not be) is set out in the BVI Act. In order to merge or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which with the exception of a merger between a parent company and its subsidiary, must also be approved by a resolution of a majority of the shareholders voting at a quorate meeting of shareholders or by written resolution of the shareholders of the British Virgin Islands company or British Virgin Islands companies which are to merge. While a director may vote on the plan of merger or consolidation, or any other matter, even if he has a financial interest in the plan, the interested director must disclose the interest to all other directors of the company promptly upon becoming aware of the fact that he is interested in a transaction entered into or to be entered into by the company. A transaction entered into by our Company in respect of which a director is interested (including a merger or consolidation) is voidable by us unless the director's interest was (a) disclosed to the board prior to the transaction or (b) the transaction is (i) between the director and the company and (ii) the transaction is in the ordinary course of the company's business and on usual terms and conditions. Notwithstanding the above, a transaction entered into by the company is not voidable if the material facts of the interest are known to the shareholders and they approve or ratify it or the company received fair value for the transaction. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote at the meeting to approve the plan of merger or consolidation. A foreign company which is able under the laws of its foreign jurisdiction to participate in the merger or consolidation is required by the BVI Act to comply with the laws of that foreign jurisdiction in relation to the merger or consolidation. The shareholders of the constituent companies are not required to receive shares of the surviving or consolidated company but may receive debt obligations or other securities of the surviving or consolidated company, other assets, or a combination thereof. Further, some or all of the shares of a class or series may be converted into a kind of asset while the other shares of the same class or series may receive a different kind of asset. As such, not all the shares of a class or series must receive the same kind of consideration. After the plan of merger or consolidation has been approved by the directors and authorized, if required, by a resolution of the shareholders, articles of merger or consolidation are executed by each company and filed with the Registrar of Corporate Affairs in the British Virgin Islands. The merger is effective on the date that the articles of merger are registered with the Registrar or on such subsequent date, not exceeding thirty days, as is stated in the articles of merger or consolidation.

As soon as a merger becomes effective: (a) the surviving company or consolidated company (so far as is consistent with its memorandum and articles of association, as amended or established by the articles of merger or consolidation) has all rights, privileges, immunities, powers, objects and purposes of each of the constituent companies; (b) in the case of a merger, the memorandum and articles of association of any surviving company are automatically amended to the extent, if any, that changes to its memorandum and articles of association are contained in the articles of merger or, in the case of a consolidation, the memorandum and articles of association filed with the articles of consolidation are the memorandum and articles of the consolidated company; (c) assets of every description, including choses-in-action and the business of each of the constituent companies, immediately vest in the surviving company or consolidated company; (d) the surviving company or consolidated company is liable for all claims, debts, liabilities and obligations of each of the constituent companies; (e) no conviction, judgment, ruling, order, claim, debt, liability or obligation due or to become due, and no cause existing, against a constituent company or against any member, director, officer or agent thereof, is released or impaired by the merger or consolidation; and (f) no proceedings, whether civil or criminal, pending at the time of a merger by or against a constituent company, or against any member, director, officer or agent thereof, are abated or discontinued by the merger or consolidation; but: (i) the proceedings may be enforced, prosecuted, settled or compromised by or against the surviving company or consolidated company or against the member, director, officer or agent thereof; as the case may be; or (ii) the surviving company or consolidated company may be substituted in the proceedings for a constituent company. The Registrar of Corporate Affairs shall strike off the register of companies each constituent company that is not the surviving company in the case of a merger and all constituent companies in the case of a consolidation. If the directors determine it to be in the best interests of the company, it is also possible for a merger to be approved as a Court approved plan of arrangement or scheme of arrangement in accordance with the BVI Act.

A shareholder may dissent from (a) a merger if the company is a constituent company, unless the company is the surviving company and the member continues to hold the same or similar shares; (b) a consolidation if the company is a constituent company; (c) any sale, transfer, lease, exchange or other disposition of more than 50 per cent in value of the assets or business of the company if not made in the usual or regular course of the business carried on by the company but not including: (i) a disposition pursuant to an order of the court having jurisdiction in the matter, (ii) a disposition for money on terms requiring all or substantially all net proceeds to be distributed to the members in accordance with their respective interest within one year after the date of disposition, or (iii) a transfer pursuant to the power of the directors to transfer assets for the protection thereof; (d) a compulsory redemption of 10 per cent, or fewer of the issued shares of the company required by the holders of 90 percent, or more of the shares of the company pursuant to the terms of the BVI Act; and (e) a plan of arrangement, if permitted by the British Virgin Islands Court (each, an Action). A shareholder properly exercising his dissent rights is entitled to a cash payment equal to the fair value of his shares.

A shareholder dissenting from an Action must object in writing to the Action before the vote by the shareholders on the merger or consolidation, unless notice of the meeting was not given to the shareholder. If the merger or consolidation is approved by the shareholders, the company must give notice of this fact to each shareholder within 20 days who gave written objection. Such objection shall include a statement that the members proposes to demand payment for his or her shares if the Action is taken. These shareholders then have 20 days to give to the company their written election in the form specified by the BVI Act to dissent from the Action, provided that in the case of a merger, the 20 days starts when the plan of merger is delivered to the shareholder. Upon giving notice of his election to dissent, a shareholder ceases to have any shareholder rights except the right to be paid the fair value of his shares. As such, the merger or consolidation may proceed in the ordinary course notwithstanding his dissent. Within seven days of the later of the delivery of the notice of election to dissent and the effective date of the merger or consolidation, the company shall make a written offer to each dissenting shareholder to purchase his shares at a specified price per share that the company determines to be the fair value of the shares. The company and the shareholder then have 30 days to agree upon the price. If the company and a shareholder fail to agree on the price within the 30 days, then the company and the shareholder shall, within 20 days immediately following the expiration of the 30-day period, each designate an appraiser and these two appraisers shall designate a third appraiser. These three appraisers shall fix the fair value of the shares as of the close of business on the day prior to the shareholders' approval of the transaction without taking into account any change in value as a result of the transaction.

<u>Shareholders' Suits</u>

There are both statutory and common law remedies available to our shareholders as a matter of British Virgin Islands Law. These are summarized below:

*Prejudiced Members*

A shareholder who considers that the affairs of the company have been, are being, or are likely to be, conducted in a manner that is, or any act or acts of the company have been, or are, likely to be oppressive, unfairly discriminatory or unfairly prejudicial to him in that capacity, can apply to the court under Section 184I of the BVI Act, inter alia, for an order that his shares be acquired, that he be provided compensation, that the Court regulate the future conduct of the company, or that any decision of the company which contravenes the BVI Act or our memorandum and articles of association be set aside.

*Derivative Actions*

Section 184C of the BVI Act provides that a shareholder of a company may, with the leave of the Court, bring an action in the name of the company in certain circumstances to redress any wrong done to it. Such actions are known as derivative actions. The British Virgin Islands Court may only grant permission to bring a derivative action where the following circumstances apply:

● the company does not intend to bring, diligently continue or defend or discontinue proceedings; and

● it is in the interests of the company that the conduct of the proceedings not be left to the directors or to the determination of the shareholders as a whole.

When considering whether to grant leave, the British Virgin Islands Court is also required to have regard to the following matters:

● whether the shareholder is acting in good faith;

● whether a derivative action is in the company's best interests, taking into account the directors' views on commercial matters;

● whether the action is likely to proceed;

● the cost of the proceedings; and

● whether an alternative remedy is available.

*Just and Equitable Winding Up*

In addition to the statutory remedies outlined above, shareholders can also petition the British Virgin Islands Court for the winding up of a company under the BVI Insolvency Act, 2003 (as amended) for the appointment of a liquidator to liquidate the company and the court may appoint a liquidator for the company if it is of the opinion that it is just and equitable for the court to so order. Save in exceptional circumstances, this remedy is generally only available where the company has been operated as a quasi-partnership and trust and confidence between the partners has broken down.

<u>Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability</u>

Our memorandum and articles of association provide indemnification of directors and executive officers in certain circumstances.

These indemnities only apply if the person acted honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and, in the case of criminal proceedings, the person had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. The decision of the directors as to whether the person acted honestly and in good faith and with a view to the best interests of the company and as to whether the person had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful and is, in the absence of fraud, sufficient for the purposes of the memorandum and articles of association, unless a question of law is involved. The termination of any proceedings by any judgment, order, settlement, conviction or the entering of a nolle prosequi does not, by itself, create a presumption that the person did not act honestly and in good faith and with a view to the best interests of the company or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

<u>Anti-Takeover Provisions</u>

Under the BVI Act there are no provisions, which specifically prevent the issuance of preferred shares or any such other "poison pill" measures. Under British Virgin Islands law, our directors in the exercise of their powers granted to them under our memorandum and articles of association and performance of their duties, are required to act honestly and in good faith in what the director believes to be in the best interests of our Company.

<u>Directors' Fiduciary Duties</u>

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances.

Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction.

The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.

Under British Virgin Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties both at common law and under statute including, among others, a statutory duty to act honestly, in good faith, for a proper purpose and with a view to what the directors believe to be in the best interests of the company. Our directors are also required, when exercising powers or performing duties as a director, to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonable director would exercise in comparable circumstances, taking into account without limitation, the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the position of the director and the nature of the responsibilities undertaken. In the exercise of their powers, our directors must ensure neither they nor the company acts in a manner which contravenes the BVI Act or our memorandum and articles of association. A shareholder has the right to seek damages for breaches of duties owed to us by our directors.

Pursuant to the BVI Act, a director of a company who has an interest in a transaction and who has declared such interest to the other directors, may:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) vote on a matter relating to the transaction;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) attend a meeting of directors at which a matter relating to the transaction arises and be included among the directors present at the meeting for the purposes of a quorum; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) sign a document on behalf of the Company, or do any other thing in his capacity as a director, that relates to the transaction.

In certain limited circumstances, a shareholder has the right to seek various remedies against the company in the event the directors are in breach of their duties under the BVI Act. Pursuant to Section 184B of the BVI Act, if a company or director of a company engages in, or proposes to engage in or has engaged in, conduct that contravenes the provisions of the BVI Act or the memorandum or articles of association of the company, the British Virgin Islands Court may, on application of a shareholder or director of the company, make an order directing the company or director to comply with, or restraining the company or director from engaging in conduct that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum or articles. Furthermore, pursuant to section 184I(1) of the BVI Act a shareholder of a company who considers that the affairs of the company have been, are being or likely to be, conducted in a manner that is, or any acts of the company have been, or are likely to be oppressive, unfairly discriminatory, or unfairly prejudicial to him in that capacity, may apply to the British Virgin Islands Court for an order which, inter alia, can require the company or any other person to pay compensation to the shareholders.

<u>Shareholder Action by Written Consent</u>

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. British Virgin Islands law provides that, subject to the memorandum and articles of association of a company, an action that may be taken by members of the company at a meeting may also be taken by a resolution of members consented to in writing.

<u>Shareholder Proposals</u>

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. British Virgin Islands law allows our shareholders holding 30% or more of the votes of the issued and outstanding voting shares to requisition a shareholders' meeting. There is no requirement under British Virgin Islands law to hold shareholders' annual general meetings. The location of any shareholders' meeting can be determined by the board of directors and can be held anywhere in the world.

<u>Cumulative Voting</u>

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation's certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder's voting power with respect to electing such director. As permitted under the British Virgin Islands law, our memorandum and articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.

<u>Removal of Directors</u>

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the BVI Act and our memorandum and articles of association, directors can be removed from office, with or without cause, by a resolution of shareholders. Directors can also be removed by a resolution of directors passed at a meeting of directors called for the purpose of removing the director or for purposes including the removal of the director.

<u>Transactions With Interested Shareholders</u>

The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an "interested shareholder" for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target's outstanding voting shares within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware public corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target's board of directors. British Virgin Islands law has no comparable statute.

<u>Dissolution; Winding Up</u>

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation's outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a super-majority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under the BVI Act, we may appoint a voluntary liquidator by a resolution of the shareholders or directors, provided that the directors have made a declaration of solvency that the company is able to discharge its debts as they fall due and that the value of the company's assets exceed its liabilities.

<u>Variation of Rights of Shares</u>

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the BVI Act and our memorandum and articles of association, if at any time our shares are divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class may only be varied, whether or not our Company is in liquidation, with the consent in writing of or by a resolution passed at a meeting by a majority of the votes cast by those entitled to vote at a meeting of the holders of the issued shares in that class. For these purposes the creation, designation or issue of preferred shares with rights and privileges ranking in priority to an existing class of shares is deemed not to be a variation of the rights of such existing class and may in accordance with our memorandum and articles of association be effected by resolution of directors without shareholder approval.

<u>Amendment of Governing Documents</u>

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation's governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by British Virgin Islands law, our memorandum and articles of association may be amended by a special majority (meaning a two thirds majority) resolution of shareholders and, subject to certain exceptions, by a special majority (meaning a two thirds majority) resolution of directors. An amendment is effective from the date it is registered at the Registry of Corporate Affairs in the British Virgin Islands.

<u>Anti-Money Laundering Laws</u>

In order to comply with legislation or regulations aimed at the prevention of money laundering we are required to adopt and maintain anti-money laundering procedures, and may require subscribers to provide evidence to verify their identity. Where permitted, and subject to certain conditions, we also may delegate the maintenance of our anti-money laundering procedures (including the acquisition of due diligence information) to a suitable person.

We reserve the right to request such information as is necessary to verify the identity of a subscriber. In the event of delay or failure on the part of the subscriber in producing any information required for verification purposes, we may refuse to accept the application, in which case any funds received will be returned without interest to the account from which they were originally debited.

If any person resident in the British Virgin Islands knows or suspects that another person is engaged in money laundering or terrorist financing and the information for that knowledge or suspicion came to their attention in the course of their business the person will be required to report his belief or suspicion to the Financial Investigation Agency of the British Virgin Islands, pursuant to the Proceeds of Criminal Conduct Act 1997 (as amended). Such a report shall not be treated as a breach of confidence or of any restriction upon the disclosure of information imposed by any enactment or otherwise.

<u>Changes in Capital</u>

Subject to the BVI Act and our memorandum and articles, we may from time to time by resolution of our board of directors or resolution of members (as may be appropriate):

● amend our memorandum to increase or decrease the maximum number of Ordinary Shares we are authorized to issue;

● divide our authorized and issued Ordinary Shares into a larger number of Ordinary Shares;

● combine our authorized and issued Ordinary Shares into a smaller number of Ordinary Shares; and

● create new or additional Ordinary Shares of any class, or any bonds or debentures, or other evidences of indebtedness convertible into or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares of any class, to be issued and disposed of by the board of directors on such terms and for such consideration (to the extent permitted by law), and to such person or persons as the board of directors in its absolute discretion.

## Exhibit 12.1

**Exhibit 12.1**

**Certification by the Principal Executive Officer**

**Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

I, Ruihong Ma, Chief Executive Officer of ZK International Group Co., Ltd. (the "Company"), certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of the Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under
which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial
information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash
flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Company's other certifying officer and I are responsible
for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal
control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused
such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company,
including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which
this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. designed such internal control over financial reporting,
or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure
controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,
as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. disclosed in this report any change in the Company's
internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the amendment no.1 to the annual report that has
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Company's other certifying officer and I have disclosed,
based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company's auditors and the audit committee
of the Company's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the
design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company's
ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management
or other employees who have a significant role in the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: February 4, 2026

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| */s/ Ruihong Ma* | */s/ Ruihong Ma* |
| Name: | Ruihong Ma |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 12.2

**Exhibit 12.2**

**Certification by the Principal Financial Officer**

**Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

I, Xiaofen Jin, Chief Financial Officer of ZK International Group Co., Ltd. (the "Company"), certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of the Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under
which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial
information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash
flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Company's other certifying officer and I are responsible
for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal
control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused
such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company,
including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which
this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. designed such internal control over financial reporting,
or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure
controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,
as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. disclosed in this report any change in the Company's
internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the amendment no.1 to the annual report that has
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Company's other certifying officer and I have disclosed,
based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company's auditors and the audit committee
of the Company's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the
design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company's
ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management
or other employees who have a significant role in the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: February 4, 2026

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| */s/ Xiaofen Jin* | */s/ Xiaofen Jin* |
| Name: | Xiaofen Jin |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 13.1**

**Certification by the Principal Executive Officer**

**Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

I, Ruihong Ma, Chief Executive Officer of ZK International Group Co., Ltd. (the "Company"), hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. the Company's annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal
year ended September 30, 2025 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. the information contained in the Report fairly presents,
in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the periods presented therein.

Dated: February 4, 2026

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| */s/ Ruihong Ma* | */s/ Ruihong Ma* |
| Name: | Ruihong Ma |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 13.2**

**Certification by the Principal Financial Officer**

**Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

I, Xiaofen Jin, Chief Financial Officer of ZK International Group Co., Ltd. (the "Company"), hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. the Company's annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025 (the "Report") fully complies
with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations
of the Company for the periods presented therein.

Dated: February 4, 2026

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| */s/ Xiaofen Jin* | */s/ Xiaofen Jin* |
| Name: | Xiaofen Jin |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer |

---