# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001681348
**File Stem:** 0001493152-25-020269
**Filing Date:** 2025-10
**Character Count:** 603941
**Document Hash:** 58ffafd8ff062e820b574d8f47f2fa73
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001493152-25-020269.hdr.sgml**: 20251030

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001493152-25-020269

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 20-F

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 161

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250630

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251030

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20251030

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** VivoPower International PLC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001681348
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** ELECTRIC & OTHER SERVICES COMBINED [4931]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 01 Energy & Transportation
- **EIN:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** X0
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 0630

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 20-F
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-37974
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251437118

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** BLACKWELL HOUSE, GUILDHALL YARD
- **CITY:** LONDON
- **STATE:** X0
- **ZIP:** EC2V 5AE
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 442036675158

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** BLACKWELL HOUSE, GUILDHALL YARD
- **CITY:** LONDON
- **STATE:** X0
- **ZIP:** EC2V 5AE

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 20-F**

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL
 REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

**For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025**

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

**For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025**

Commission file number 1-37974

**VIVOPOWER INTERNATIONAL PLC**

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

**England and Wales**

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

**Blackwell House, Guildhall Yard**

**London** **, England EC2V 5AE**

**United Kingdom**

(Address of principal executive offices)

**Kevin Chin, Chief Executive Officer**

**Tel: +44-203-667-5158**

**Blackwell House, Guildhall Yard, London, England EC2V 5AE United Kingdom**

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| **Ordinary Shares, nominal value $0.12 per share** | **VVPR** | **The Nasdaq Capital Market** |

---

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

**None**

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

**None**

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or Ordinary Shares as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Ordinary Shares, nominal value $0.12 per share | 12527212 |

---

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ☐ No ☒

Note—Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

† The term "new or revised financial accounting standard" refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ☐ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ☒ Other ☐

If "Other" has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Introduction](#sk_001) | 1 |
| [Forward-Looking Statements](#sk_002) | 1 |
| **[PART I](#sk_003)** | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors](#sk_004) | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable](#sk_005) | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 3. Key Information](#sk_006) | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[A. Selected Financial Data](#sk_007) | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[B. Capitalization and Indebtedness](#sk_008) | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds](#sk_009) | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[D. Risk Factors](#sk_010) | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 4. Information on the Company](#sk_011) | 24 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[A. History and Development of the Company](#sk_012) | 24 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[B. Business Overview](#sk_013) | 25 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[C. Organizational Structure](#sk_014) | 29 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[D. Property, Plant and Equipment](#sk_015) | 29 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments](#sk_016) | 30 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects](#sk_017) | 30 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[A. Operating Results](#sk_018) | 30 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[B. Liquidity and Capital Resources](#sd_001) | 39 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[C. Research and Development, Patents, Licenses, etc.](#sd_002) | 45 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[D. Trend Information](#sd_003) | 46 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[E. Critical Accounting Estimates](#sd_004) | 46 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees](#sd_005) | 47 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[A. Directors and Senior Management](#sd_006) | 47 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[B. Board Diversity](#sd_007) | 50 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[C. Compensation](#sd_008) | 50 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[D. Board Practices](#sd_009) | 52 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[E. Employees](#sd_010) | 55 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[F. Share Ownership](#sd_011) | 56 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[G. Disclosure of a Registrant's Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation](#sd_012) | 57 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions](#sd_013) | 57 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[A. Major Shareholders](#sd_014) | 57 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[B. Related Party Transactions](#sd_015) | 58 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[C. Interests of Experts and Counsel](#sd_016) | 60 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 8. Financial Information](#sd_017) | 60 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information](#sd_018) | 60 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[B. Significant Changes](#sd_019) | 61 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 9. The Offer and Listing](#sd_020) | 61 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[A. Offering and Listing Details](#sd_021) | 61 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[B. Plan of Distribution](#sd_022) | 61 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[C. Markets](#sd_023) | 61 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[D. Selling Shareholders](#sd_024) | 61 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[E. Dilution](#sd_025) | 61 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[F. Expenses of the Issue](#sd_026) | 61 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 10. Additional Information](#sd_027) | 62 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[A. Share Capital](#sd_028) | 62 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[B. Memorandum and Articles of Association](#sd_029) | 62 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[C. Material Contracts](#sd_030) | 62 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[D. Exchange Controls](#sd_031) | 62 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[E. Taxation](#sd_032) | 62 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[F. Dividends and Paying Agents](#sd_033) | 68 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[G. Statements by Experts](#sd_034) | 68 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[H. Documents on Display](#sd_035) | 69 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[I. Subsidiary Information](#sd_036) | 69 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk](#sd_037) | 69 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities](#sd_038) | 70 |

---

i

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [**PART II**](#sd_039) | 70 |
| [Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies](#sd_040) | 70 |
| [Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Securityholders and Use of Proceeds](#sd_041) | 70 |
| [Item 15. Controls and Procedures](#sd_042) | 71 |
| [Item 16. \[Reserved\]](#sd_043) | 71 |
| [Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert](#sd_044) | 71 |
| [Item 16B. Code of Ethics](#sd_045) | 71 |
| [Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services](#sd_046) | 72 |
| [Item 16D. Exemption from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees](#sd_047) | 73 |
| [Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers](#sd_048) | 73 |
| [Item 16F. Change in Registrant's Certifying Accountant](#sd_049) | 73 |
| [Item 16G. Corporate Governance](#sd_050) | 73 |
| [Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure](#sd_051) | 73 |
| [**PART III**](#sd_052) | 74 |
| [Item 17. Financial Statements](#sd_053) | 74 |
| [Item 18. Financial Statements](#sd_054) | 74 |
| [Item 19. Exhibits](#sd_055) | 74 |
| [Index to Consolidated Financial Statements](#a_001) | F-1 |

---

ii

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**Introduction**

References in this Annual Report on Form 20-F (the "Annual Report") to "VivoPower International PLC," "VivoPower," "we," "our," "us" and the "Company" refer to VivoPower International PLC and its consolidated subsidiaries. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IFRS"), and are expressed in U.S. dollars. References to "dollars" or "$" are to U.S. dollars. Our fiscal year ends on June 30 of the calendar year.

References to any specific fiscal year refer to the year ended June 30 for 2025 and future periods. For example, we refer to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, as "FY25".

Certain amounts and percentages that appear in this Annual Report have been subject to rounding adjustments. As a result, certain numerical figures shown as totals, including in tables, may not be exact arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede or follow them.

**Forward-Looking Statements**

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "could," "intends," "target," "projects," "contemplates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report include, but are not limited to, statements about:

● our expectations regarding our revenue, expenses and other results of operations;

● our plans to acquire, invest in, develop or sell our investments in energy projects or joint ventures or in the electric vehicle sector;

● our ability to attract and retain customers;

● the growth rates of the markets in which we compete;

● our liquidity and working capital requirements;

● our ability to raise sufficient capital to realize development opportunities and thereby generate revenue;

● our anticipated strategies for growth;

● our ability to anticipate market needs and develop new and enhanced solutions to meet those needs;

● anticipated trends and challenges in our business and in the markets in which we operate;

● our expectations regarding the demand for electric vehicle conversion kits;

● our expectations regarding changes in the cost of materials for electric vehicle conversion kits;

● our expectations regarding the demand for solar power by energy users or investors in projects;

● our expectations regarding XRP performance and regulation;

● our ability to compete in our industry and innovation by our competitors;

● our ability to develop competitive electric vehicle products and build scalable assembly processes;

● the extent to which events with a global impact on supply chains, such as pandemics or wars, affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;

● our expectations regarding our ongoing legal proceedings;

● our ability to adequately protect our intellectual property; and

● our plans to pursue strategic acquisitions.

We caution that the preceding list may not contain all the forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in the "Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors." Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. We cannot assure you that the results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments we may make.

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**PART I**

**ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION**

**A. Selected Financial Data**

Our historical consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS and are presented in U.S. dollars. The selected historical consolidated financial information set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report has been derived from, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our historical consolidated financial statements for the periods presented. Historical information as of and for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, is derived from, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, our consolidated financial statements (the "financial statements"). Unless otherwise indicated, all references to "financial statements" herein refer to our consolidated financial statements. The financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2025, have been audited by WithumSmith+Brown, PC, our independent registered public accounting firm. The financial statements for prior years were audited by PKF Littlejohn LLP. You should read the information in conjunction with those audited consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto, and the discussion under "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects" included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

**B. Capitalization and Indebtedness**

Not applicable.

**C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds**

Not applicable.

**D. Risk Factors**

Investment in our shares involves a high degree of risk and our business faces significant risk and uncertainty. You should carefully consider the following information, together with the other information in this Annual Report and in other documents we file with or furnish to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), before deciding to invest in or maintain an investment in any of our securities. Our business, as well as our financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks, as well as other risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or not currently considered material. The market price of our shares could decline as a result of any of these risks or uncertainties, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

**Risks related to our business and operations**

***Our operational and financial results may vary significantly from period to period due to fluctuations in our operating costs and other factors.***

In order to facilitate the growth of our (Tembo EUV) utility vehicle ("EUV") battery-electric conversion kits for off-road and ruggedized or customized on-road applications, (ii) (Tembo PUV) public utility vehicle ("PUV") battery-electric conversion kits for Jeepneys in the Philippines, (iii) (Tembo EVP) Electric Vehicle Products ("EVP"), which includes Tembo's first fully-electrified road ready light pickup truck, the Tembo Tusker, and related services, and (iv) (Tembo SES) an extensive portfolio of EV charging solutions for home and commercial applications strategy, we may need to make material investments of both an operational expenditure and a capital expenditure nature.

We may not be profitable from period to period because we do not know the rate at which our revenue will grow, if it will grow at all, and we do not know the rate at which we will incur expenses. If we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Our revenue and operating results are difficult to predict and may vary significantly from period to period. Sustained losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We expect our period-to-period financial results to vary based on our operating costs, which we anticipate will fluctuate as the pace at which we continue to design, develop and manufacture new products and to increase production capacity by expanding our current manufacturing facilities and adding future facilities. Additionally, our revenues from period to period may fluctuate as we introduce existing products to new markets for the first time and as we develop and introduce new products. Moreover, our financial results may not meet expectations of equity research analysts, ratings agencies or investors, who may focus on short-term financial results. Accordingly, the trading price of our stock could decline substantially, either suddenly or overtime.

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

***We require additional financing to execute our strategy to operate and grow our business and additional requisite funding may not be available to us when we need or want it.***

Our operations and our future plans for expansion could require significant investment in operational expenditures and capital expenditures to realize the growth potential of our electric vehicle, sustainable energy solutions and solar development businesses. In addition, we are subject to substantial and ongoing administrative and related expenses required to operate and grow a public company. Together these items impose substantial requirements on our cash flow and the specific timing of cash inflows and outflows may fluctuate substantially from period to period. As a result, we require a combination of additional financing options in order to execute our strategy and meet the operating cash flow requirements necessary to operate and grow our business. We may need or want to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-related or debt securities or through obtaining credit from financial institutions to fund, together with our principal sources of liquidity, the costs of developing and manufacturing our current or future products, to pay any significant unplanned or accelerated expenses or for new significant strategic investments, or to refinance our significant consolidated indebtedness, even if not required to do so by the terms of such indebtedness. As of June 30, 2025, we had a net current asset position of $19.3 million. The Company is pursuing a combination of strategic measures, including raising sufficient capital over the next 12 months, further reducing its cash burn rate, negotiating payment plans with key creditors and lenders, and generating sufficient revenues and cash flows from its expanded range of products and solutions. However, we may not be able to obtain additional or requisite funding on favorable terms when required, or at all, or negotiate favorable payment plans with key creditors and lenders or execute our strategic development plans or to meet our cash flow needs. Our inability to obtain funding or engage in strategic transactions could have a material adverse effect on our business, our strategic development plan for future growth, our financial condition, and our results of operations.

***If we continue to experience losses and we are not able to raise additional financing to grow the revenue streams of the Company to become profit making, or generate cash through sales of assets, we may not have sufficient liquidity to sustain our operations and to continue as a going concern.***

We experienced a loss of $12.8 million, $46.7 million and $24.4 million for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. If we are unable to generate sufficient revenue from the operation of our businesses, or if we are unable to reduce our expenses sufficiently, we may continue to experience substantial losses. As of June 30, 2025, we had a net current asset position of $19.3 million which indicates that our available resources exceed our short-term obligations.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments that result from uncertainty about our ability to continue as a going concern. However, if losses continue, and if we are unable to raise additional financing on sufficiently attractive terms or renegotiate with our creditors and lenders on favorable terms, or generate cash through sales, then we may not have sufficient liquidity to sustain our operations or meet our financial obligations and may not be able to continue as a going concern. Similarly, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended June 30, 2025 includes an explanatory paragraph indicating that a material uncertainty exists which may cast material doubt on the group's ability to continue as a going concern if it is unable to secure sufficient funding. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

***If we fail to meet changing customer demands, we may lose customers and our sales could suffer.***

The industry in which we operate changes rapidly. Changes in our customers' requirements result in new and more demanding technologies, product specifications and sizes, and manufacturing processes. Our ability to remain competitive will depend upon our ability to develop technologically advanced products and processes. We must continue to meet the increasingly sophisticated requirements of our customers on a cost-effective basis. We cannot be certain that we will be able to successfully introduce, market and cost-effectively source any new products, or that we will be able to develop new or enhanced products and processes that satisfy customer needs or achieve market acceptance. Any resulting loss of customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

***We face competition in the markets, industries and business segments in which we operate, which could adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and future prospects.***

We face competition in each of the business segments and jurisdictions in which we operate. Some of our competitors (i) have more financial, technological, engineering and manufacturing resources than we do to develop products, services and solutions that may compete favorably against our products; (ii) are developing or are currently producing products, services and solutions based on new technologies that may ultimately have costs similar to or lower than ours; (iii) have government-backed financial resources or parent companies with greater depths of resources than are available to us; (iv) have access to a lower cost of capital than we do; (v) have stronger distribution partnerships and channels than we do, enabling access to larger customer bases; and (vi) may have longer operating histories, greater name and brand recognition and greater economies of scale than we do.

In addition, new competitors or alliances among existing competitors could emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share, adversely impacting our business in the process.

We expect that our competitors will continuously innovate to improve their ability to deliver products, services and solutions to meet customer demands. Should we fail to compete effectively, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

***Our inability to protect our intellectual property and trade secrets could adversely affect our business. We may also be subject to intellectual property rights claims by third parties, which are extremely costly to defend, could require us to pay significant damages and could limit our ability to use certain technologies.***

Any failure to protect our proprietary rights adequately could result in our competitors offering similar sustainable energy solutions more quickly than anticipated, potentially resulting in the loss of some of our competitive advantage and a decrease in our revenue which would adversely affect our business prospects, financial condition and operating results. Our success depends, at least in part, on our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property. We rely on intellectual property laws, primarily a combination of copyright and trade secret laws in the U.S., U.K., Europe, and Australia, as well as license agreements and other contractual provisions, to protect our proprietary technology and brand. We cannot be certain our agreements and other contractual provisions will not be breached, including a breach involving the use or disclosure of our trade secrets or know-how, or that adequate remedies will be available in the event of any breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or lose trade secret protection.

We cannot be certain our products and our business do not or will not violate the intellectual property rights of a third party. Third parties, including our competitors, may own patents or other intellectual property rights that cover aspects of our technology or business methods. Such parties may claim we have misappropriated, misused, violated or infringed upon third-party intellectual property rights and if we gain greater recognition in the market, we face a higher risk of being the subject of claims we have violated others' intellectual property rights. Any claim we violated a third parties intellectual property rights, whether with or without merit, could be time-consuming, expensive to settle or litigate and could divert our management's attention and other resources, all of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. If we do not successfully settle or defend an intellectual property claim, we could be liable for significant monetary damages and could be prohibited from continuing to use certain technology, business methods, content or brands. To avoid a prohibition, we could seek a license from third parties, which could require us to pay significant royalties, increasing our operating expenses. If a license is not available at all or not available on commercially reasonable terms, we may be required to develop or license a non-violating alternative, either of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

***Our brand and reputation are key assets of our business, and if our brand or reputation is damaged, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.***

If we fail to deliver our four primary product lines: (i) (Tembo EUV) utility vehicle ("EUV") battery-electric conversion kits for off-road and ruggedized or customized on-road applications, (ii) (Tembo PUV) public utility vehicle ("PUV") battery-electric conversion kits for Jeepneys in the Philippines, (iii) (Tembo EVP) Electric Vehicle Products ("EVP"), within planned timelines and contracted obligations, or our products and services do not perform as anticipated, or if we materially damage any of our clients' properties, or cancel projects, our brand name and reputation could be significantly impaired. If customers or potential customers have or develop a less favorable view of our brand or reputation, for the reasons stated above or for any other reason, it could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

***Our future business depends in part on our ability to make strategic acquisitions, investments and divestitures and to establish and maintain strategic relationships, and our failure to do so could have a material and adverse effect on our market penetration and revenue growth.***

We frequently look for and evaluate opportunities to acquire other businesses, make strategic investments or establish strategic relationships with third parties to improve our market position or expand our products and services. When market conditions permit and opportunities arise, we may also consider divesting part of our current business to focus management attention and improve our operating efficiency. Investments, strategic acquisitions and relationships with third parties could subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with integrating their personnel, operations, services, internal controls and financial reporting into our operations as well as the loss of control of operations that are material to our business. If we divest any material part of our business, we may not be able to benefit from our investment and experience associated with that part of the business and may be subject to intensified concentration risks with less flexibility to respond to market fluctuations. Moreover, it could be expensive to make strategic acquisitions, investments, divestitures and establish and maintain relationships, and we may be subject to the risk of non-performance by a counterparty, which may in turn lead to monetary losses that materially and adversely affect our business. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully make strategic acquisitions and investments and successfully integrate them into our operations or make strategic divestitures or establish strategic relationships with third parties that will prove to be effective for our business. Our inability to do so could materially and adversely affect our market penetration, our revenue growth and our profitability.

Additionally, any acquisition involves potential risks, including, among other things:

● mistaken assumptions about assets, revenues and costs of the acquired company, including synergies and potential growth;

● an inability to successfully integrate the assets or businesses we acquire;

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● complexity of coordinating geographically disparate organizations, systems and facilities;

● the assumption of unknown liabilities for which we are not indemnified or for which our indemnity is inadequate;

● mistaken assumptions about the acquired company's suppliers or dealers or other vendors;

● the diversion of management's and employees' attention from other business concerns;

● unforeseen difficulties operating in new geographic areas and business lines;

● customer or key employee losses at the acquired business; and

● acquiring poor quality assets, systems and processes.

***Our insurance coverage strategy may not be adequate to protect us from all business risks.***

We may be subject, in the ordinary course of business, to losses resulting from products liability, accidents, acts of God and other claims against us, for which we may have no insurance coverage. Additionally, the policies that we do have may include significant deductibles or self-insured retentions, policy limitations and exclusions, and we cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future losses or claims against us. A loss that is uninsured or which exceeds policy limits may require us to pay substantial amounts, which may harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

***Our operations may be adversely affected by failure to maintain or renegotiate distribution, supply, manufacturing or license agreements on favorable terms***

We have distribution, supply, manufacturing and license agreements for our businesses. These agreements vary depending on the particular business, but tend to be for a fixed number of years. There can be no assurance that our businesses will be able to renegotiate rights on favorable terms when these agreements expire or that they will not be terminated. Failure to renew these agreements on favorable terms, or any disputes with distributors of our businesses' products or suppliers of materials, could have an adverse impact on our business and financial results.

In particular in the case of Tembo we depend on suppliers for the components of our kit to maintain or improve their prices as volumes ordered increase and to deliver their products to Tembo within agreed timeframes. There can be no assurance that our volumes of orders and our suppliers' pricing and lead times will be aligned with our agreements or forecast, which may have an adverse impact on our business and financial results.

***We may incur unexpected warranty and performance guarantee claims that could materially and adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.***

In connection with our products and services, we may provide various system warranties and/or performance guarantees. While we generally are able to pass through manufacturer warranties we receive from our suppliers to our customers, in some circumstances, our warranty period may exceed the manufacturer's warranty period, or the manufacturer warranties may not otherwise fully compensate for losses associated with customer claims pursuant to a warranty or performance guarantee we provided. For example, most manufacturer warranties exclude many losses that may result from a system component's failure or defect, such as the cost of de-installation, re-installation, shipping, lost electricity, lost renewable energy credits or other solar incentives, personal injury, property damage, and other losses. In addition, in the event we seek recourse through manufacturer warranties, we will also be dependent on the creditworthiness and continued existence of these suppliers. These risks are exacerbated in the event such manufacturers cease operations or fail to honor their warranties.

As a result, warranty or other performance guarantee claims against us that exceed reserves could cause us to incur substantial expense to repair or replace defective products. Warranty reserves include management's best estimates of the projected costs to repair or to replace items under warranty, which are based on actual claims incurred to date and an estimate of the nature, frequency and costs of future claims. Such estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to change based on our historical or projected experience. Significant repair and replacement costs could materially and negatively impact on our financial condition or results of operations, as well divert employee time to remedying such issues. In addition, quality issues can have various other ramifications, including delays in the recognition of revenue, loss of revenue, loss of future sales opportunities, increased costs associated with repairing or replacing products, and a negative impact on our reputation, any of which could also adversely affect our business or operating results.

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***Our ability to scale up Tembo, our commercial EV segment, is dependent on securing new business opportunities and orders, meeting the requirements of customers and the timely delivery of orders across different market sectors.***

We plan to expand significantly in the commercial electric vehicle market, providing electric utility vehicles ("EUV") with a key focus initially on servicing EUV customers in the mining, infrastructure, government services, humanitarian, tourism, and utilities sectors. As we look to develop these opportunities, monetize our pipeline and secure firm orders, we will incur increased operational expenditure and capital expenditure that may impact on our profitability and cash flows.

We will continue to be engaged in product innovation with Tembo as we look to introduce new products, including EUV conversion kits with a longer range and/or greater payload capacity. To the extent that such innovation does not successfully meet regulatory requirements, quality and safety standards and/or customer expectations more generally, future sales could be impaired.

Following the acquisition of Tembo, we signed distribution agreements with a number of partners in North America, Australia, the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia and Europe to sell (Tembo EUV) utility vehicle ("EUV") battery-electric conversion kits for off-road and ruggedized or customized on-road applications, (ii) (Tembo PUV) public utility vehicle ("PUV") battery-electric conversion kits for Jeepneys in the Philippines, (iii) (Tembo EVP) Electric Vehicle Products ("EVP") Tembo EUV, and (Tembo SES) an extensive portfolio of EV charging solutions for home and commercial applications. If Tembo is not able to meet the technical specifications, quality and safety standards of our customers and partners, then this will have a material adverse effect on Tembo's brand, reputation, revenue and future prospects. Furthermore, if Tembo is unable to fulfill product delivery volumes in accordance with timelines agreed with our customers and partners, this could have a material adverse effect on future sales, operating results and the financial condition of the business.

Following the planned reverse merger of Tembo with a special purpose acquisition company and independent listing on NASDAQ (deSPAC), Tembo will become a separately listed entity, providing it with direct access to capital markets to fund its growth and operational needs. This structure is expected to enhance its ability to scale independently while allowing VivoPower to focus on strategic oversight as a major shareholder. If the planned reverse merger of Tembo does not occur, VivoPower will need to explore alternative strategies, such as raising additional capital or restructuring operations, to support Tembo's growth and meet its operational and financial objectives.

The future growth and success of Tembo is dependent upon acceptance of its (Tembo EUV) utility vehicle ("EUV") battery-electric conversion kits for off-road and ruggedized or customized on-road applications, (ii) (Tembo PUV) public utility vehicle ("PUV") battery-electric conversion kits for Jeepneys in the Philippines, (iii) (Tembo EVP) Electric Vehicle Products ("EVP"), and (iv) (Tembo SES) an extensive portfolio of EV charging solutions for home and commercial applications amongst key target customers in the mining, infrastructure, government services, humanitarian, tourism and utilities sectors.

Our strategy for Tembo is to focus its vehicle fleet electrification efforts on the ruggedized, customized and off-road segments of the electric vehicle market including mining, infrastructure, government services, humanitarian, tourism and utilities sectors. This market is relatively new, rapidly evolving, and characterized by rapidly changing technologies, new competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, frequent new vehicle announcements and changing consumer demands and behaviors. If this market does not develop as we expect or develops more slowly than we expect, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects will be materially adversely affected.

Factors that may influence the market acceptance of new zero-emission vehicles and the conversion of existing vehicles to zero-emission electric vehicles include:

● perceptions about zero-emission electric vehicle quality, safety design, performance and cost, especially if adverse events or accidents occur that are linked to the quality or safety of any electric vehicle;

● perceptions about the limitations on the range over which zero-emission electric vehicles may be driven on a single battery charge;

● perceptions about vehicle safety in general, in particular safety issues that may be attributed to the use of advanced or new technology;

● the availability of, and perceptions about, alternative fuel vehicles, including hydrogen, as well as the cost of these fuels, which may reduce demand for battery electric vehicles;

● the availability of service infrastructure for zero-emission electric vehicles;

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● changes in the costs of oil, diesel and gasoline;

● government regulations and economic incentives, including a change in the administrations and legislations of federal and state governments, promoting fuel efficiency and alternate forms of energy;

● access to charging stations, standardization of electric vehicle charging systems and perceptions about convenience and cost to charge an electric vehicle;

● the availability of tax and other governmental incentives and rebates to purchase and operate electric vehicles or future regulation requiring increased use of zero-emission or hybrid electric vehicles, such as the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act enacted in November 2021 in the United States; and

● macroeconomic factors.

The influence of any of the factors described above may cause current or potential customers not to purchase Tembo's electric vehicles, which would materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

***Tembo faces certain operational risks as it seeks to scale up its assembly and delivery capabilities and if it fails to execute properly, this will expose us to material losses and compromise our cash flows.***

The Tembo business faces operational risks as a maker of battery-electric ruggedized and off-road vehicles embarking on a scale up of its assembly and delivery capabilities. These risks include:

● industrial accidents or pollution which may result in operational disruptions such as work stoppages and which could result in increased production costs as well as financial and regulatory liabilities;

● actual and potential supply chain shortages, in particular with regard to batteries and other vehicle inputs, as well as increases in the prices of such inputs, which may have a material adverse effect on the operations, profits and cash flow of Tembo;

● issues relating to design or manufacturing defects;

● issues relating to safety, including compliance with safety regulations and standards;

● inability to secure appropriate premises and equipment;

● inability to attract and retain appropriately qualified personnel; and

● delays in launching or scaling up production and assembly of new products and features.

***Constant innovation and product development is required for Tembo to ensure it remains competitive and relevant.***

Tembo operates in a market that is relatively new, rapidly evolving, and characterized by rapidly changing technologies, new competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, frequent new vehicle announcements and changing consumer demands and behaviors. In order to stay competitive and relevant, it needs to continuously innovate and invest in product development and new technologies.

In particular, we are in the process of testing EV conversion kits with new battery platforms. Our ability to execute on the research, development and design of the EV conversion kit within the intended time and budget is key to deliver to our distribution partners and customers in accordance with our existing and upcoming agreements and to grow revenues at Tembo.

If Tembo fails to innovate and evolve to meet customer demands and stay ahead of competing technologies and companies, it may become obsolete or non-competitive. This would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

***If the Tembo business does not perform in line with our expectations, we may be required to write-down the carrying value of our investment, including goodwill and intangible assets.***

Under IFRS, we are required to test the carrying value of long-term assets or cash-generating units for impairment at least annually and more frequently if we have reason to believe that our expectations for the future cash flows generated by these assets may no longer be valid. If the results of operations and cash flows generated by Tembo are not in line with our expectations, we may be required to write-down the carrying value of the investment. Any write-down could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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***We have a limited operating track record in the development and sale of Sustainable Energy Solutions ("SES"), and as a result, we may not be successful in developing and scaling up this business segment profitably.***

Tembo's SES segment designs, evaluates, sells, and implements renewable energy infrastructure products, complementing our electric vehicle offerings by enabling clients to adopt comprehensive decarbonization measures. These include on-site renewable generation, battery storage and microgrids, EV charging stations, emergency backup power solutions, and digital twin technology. While this segment is intended to augment our Electric Vehicle business and provide corporate customers with holistic decarbonization solutions, our operating history in delivering such integrated offerings remains limited.

Although we have experience in renewable energy development, we have limited experience and track record in combining EV battery charging, battery storage, microgrids, and digital twin technology into a full-suite solution for large energy users. We are still in the process of developing and scaling these capabilities.

If we fail to successfully execute or scale the SES business segment, we may incur significant operating losses, which could reduce our cash flows and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

**Risks Related to Our Digital Assets Treasury**

***Digital assets are novel assets, and are subject to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty***

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Digital assets are relatively novel and are subject to significant uncertainty, which could adversely impact their price. The application of state and federal securities laws and other laws and regulations to digital assets is unclear in certain respects, and it is possible that regulators in the United States or foreign countries may interpret or apply existing laws and regulations in a manner that adversely affects the price of XRP or the ability of individuals or institutions such as us to own or transfer XRP.

The U.S. federal government, states, regulatory agencies, and foreign countries may also enact new laws and regulations, or pursue regulatory, legislative, enforcement or judicial actions, which could materially impact the price of XRP or the ability of individuals or institutions such as us to own or transfer XRP. For example, within the past several years:

● President Trump signed an executive order instructing a working group comprised of representatives from key federal agencies to evaluate measures that can be taken to provide regulatory clarity and certainty built on technology-neutral regulations for individuals and firms involved in digital assets, including through well-defined jurisdictional regulatory boundaries;

● the European Union adopted Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation ("MiCA"), a comprehensive digital asset regulatory framework for the issuance and use of digital assets, like XRP;

● in June 2023, the SEC filed complaints against Binance Holdings Ltd. and Coinbase, Inc., and their respective affiliated entities, relating to, among other claims, that each party was operating as an unregistered securities exchange, broker, dealer, and clearing agency;

● in November 2023, the SEC filed a complaint against Payward Inc. and Payward Ventures Inc., together known as Kraken, alleging, among other claims, that Kraken's crypto trading platform was operating as an unregistered securities exchange, broker, dealer, and clearing agency;

● in June 2023, the United Kingdom adopted and implemented the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 ("FSMA 2023"), which regulates market activities in "cryptoassets;"

● in November 2023, Binance Holdings Ltd. and its then chief executive officer reached a settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice, CFTC, the U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Asset Control, and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network to resolve a multi-year investigation by the agencies and a civil suit brought by the CFTC, pursuant to which Binance Holdings Ltd. agreed to, among other things, pay $4.3 billion in penalties across the four agencies and to exit the U.S. market; and

● in China, the People's Bank of China and the National Development and Reform Commission have outlawed cryptocurrency mining and declared all cryptocurrency transactions illegal within the country.

It is not possible to predict whether, or when, new laws will be enacted that change the legal framework governing digital assets or provide additional authorities to the SEC or other regulators, or whether, or when, any other federal, state or foreign legislative bodies will take any similar actions. It is also not possible to predict the nature of any such additional laws or authorities, how additional legislation or regulatory oversight might impact the ability of digital asset markets to function, the willingness of financial and other institutions to continue to provide services to the digital assets industry, or how any new laws or regulations, or changes to existing laws or regulations, might impact the value of digital assets generally and XRP specifically. The consequences of any new law or regulation relating to digital assets and digital asset activities could adversely affect the market price of XRP, as well as our ability to hold or transact in XRP, and in turn adversely affect the market price of our listed securities. Moreover, the risks of engaging in a digital asset treasury strategy are relatively novel and have created, and could continue to create, complications due to the lack of experience that third parties have with companies engaging in such a strategy, such as increased costs of director and officer liability insurance or the potential inability to obtain such coverage on acceptable terms in the future.

The growth of the digital assets industry in general, and the use and acceptance of XRP in particular, may also impact on the price of XRP and will be subject to a high degree of uncertainty. The pace of worldwide growth in the adoption and use of XRP may depend, for instance, on public familiarity with digital assets, ease of buying, accessing or gaining exposure to XRP, institutional demand for XRP as an investment asset, the participation of traditional financial institutions in the digital assets industry, consumer demand for XRP as a store of value or means of payment, and the availability and popularity of alternatives to XRP. Even if growth in XRP adoption occurs in the near or medium-term, there is no assurance that XRP usage will continue to grow over the long-term.

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Because XRP has no physical existence beyond the record of transactions on the XRP Ledger (the "XRPL"), a variety of technical factors related to the XRPL could also impact the price of XRP. For example, XRPL does not use "mining" or pay "mining fees"; transactions are validated by a network of independent validators using a consensus protocol, with network fees that are not mining rewards. Risks include validator misconfiguration or failures, consensus bugs, or contentious protocol amendments that could lead to a temporary network split. Advances in cryptanalysis or quantum computing that weaken currently used signature schemes could also jeopardize ledger security. The liquidity of XRP may also be reduced and damage to the public perception of XRP may occur if financial institutions were to deny or limit banking services to businesses that hold XRP, provide XRP-related services or accept XRP as payment, which could also decrease the price of XRP. Actions by U.S. banking regulators, such as the issuance in February 2023 by Federal banking agencies of the "Interagency Liquidity Risk Statement," which cautioned banks on contagion risks posed by providing services to digital assets customers, and similar actions, have in the past resulted in or contributed to reductions in access to banking services for XRP-related customers and service providers, or the willingness of traditional financial institutions to participate in markets for digital assets. The liquidity of XRP may also be impacted to the extent that changes in applicable laws and regulatory requirements negatively impact the ability of exchanges and trading venues to provide services for XRP and other digital assets.

***The availability of spot ETPs for XRP and other digital assets may adversely affect the market price of our listed securities***

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Although XRP and other digital assets have experienced increased investor attention since the creation of blockchain-based assets, investors in the United States have historically had limited means to gain direct exposure to XRP through traditional investment channels. Instead, they have generally been able to hold XRP only through "hosted" wallets provided by digital asset service providers or through "unhosted" wallets that expose the investor to risks associated with loss or hacking of their private keys. Given the relative novelty of digital assets, the general lack of familiarity with the processes needed to hold XRP directly, as well as the potential reluctance of financial planners and advisers to recommend direct XRP holdings to their retail customers because of the manner in which such holdings are custodied, some investors may prefer exposure to XRP through investment vehicles that hold XRP and issue shares representing fractional undivided interests in their underlying XRP holdings.

While the SEC has approved the listing and trading of spot exchange-traded products ("ETPs") for XRP and ether, no comparable ETPs currently exist for XRP. However, if U.S. regulators were to approve the listing and trading of spot ETPs for XRP in the future, such products could provide investors with additional and potentially more attractive avenues for gaining exposure to XRP. To the extent investors will view our Class A common stock as providing exposure to XRP, the availability of spot XRP ETPs could reduce any premium our stock may reflect due to the current scarcity of traditional investment vehicles offering exposure to XRP, and investors may choose to gain exposure through such ETPs rather than our Class A common stock. This could result in a decline in the trading price of our Class A common stock relative to the value of our XRP holdings.

Although we are an operating company and believe we offer a different value proposition than an XRP investment vehicle such as a spot XRP ETP, investors may nevertheless view our Class A common stock as an alternative to such an investment and may prefer to purchase shares of an ETP instead. They may do so for a variety of reasons, including whether they believe that ETPs offer a more direct or tax-efficient exposure to XRP than our stock, or are less subject to the business and regulatory risks associated with an operating company such as ours. Furthermore, based on how we are viewed in the market relative to other vehicles that offer economic exposure to digital assets, any premium or discount in our Class A common stock relative to the value of our XRP holdings may increase or decrease in different market conditions.

As a result of the foregoing factors, if spot ETPs for XRP become available in the future, they could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our listed securities.

***The emergence or growth of other digital assets, including those with significant private or public sector backing, could have a negative impact on the price of XRP and adversely affect our business***

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As a result of our XRP strategy, our investments will be concentrated in our XRP holdings. Accordingly, the emergence or growth of digital assets other than XRP may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. As of June 30, 2025, XRP was one of the largest digital assets by market capitalization. However, there are numerous alternative digital assets, and many entities, including consortiums and financial institutions, are researching and investing resources into private or permissioned blockchain platforms or digital assets that may compete directly or indirectly with XRP. For example, Ethereum and other smart contract–enabled blockchains have developed broad ecosystems of decentralized applications that could limit the adoption of XRP for certain use cases.

Other alternative digital assets that compete with XRP in certain ways include "stablecoins," which are designed to maintain a constant price because of, for instance, their issuers' promise to hold high-quality liquid assets (such as U.S. dollar deposits and short-term U.S. treasury securities) equal to the total value of stablecoins in circulation. Stablecoins have grown rapidly as an alternative to XRP and other digital assets as a medium of exchange and store of value, particularly on digital asset trading platforms and in cross-border payments. As of June 30, 2025, two of the eight largest digital assets by market capitalization were U.S. dollar–pegged stablecoins.

Additionally, central banks in some countries have started to introduce digital forms of legal tender. For example, China's CBDC project was made available to consumers in January 2022, and governments including the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Israel have been discussing the potential creation of new CBDCs. Whether or not they incorporate blockchain or similar technology, CBDCs, as legal tender in the issuing jurisdiction, could also compete with, or replace, XRP and other digital assets as a medium of exchange or store of value.

As a result, the emergence or growth of these or other digital assets could cause the market price of XRP to decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.

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***Our XRP strategy exposes us to risk of non-performance by counterparties***

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Our XRP strategy exposes us to the risk of non-performance by counterparties, whether contractual or otherwise. Risk of non-performance includes inability or refusal of a counterparty to perform because of a deterioration in the counterparty's financial condition and liquidity or for any other reason. For example, our execution partners, custodians, or other counterparties might fail to perform in accordance with the terms of our agreements with them, which could result in a loss of XRP, a loss of the opportunity to generate funds, or other losses.

Our primary counterparty risk with respect to our XRP is custodian performance obligations under the various custody arrangements we have entered into. A series of recent high-profile bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions, and other events relating to companies operating in the digital asset industry — including the filings for bankruptcy protection by Three Arrows Capital, Celsius Network, Voyager Digital, FTX Trading, and Genesis Global Capital; the closure or liquidation of certain financial institutions that provided lending and other services to the digital assets industry, including Signature Bank and Silvergate Bank; SEC enforcement actions against Coinbase, Inc., Binance Holdings Ltd., and Kraken; the placement of Prime Trust, LLC into receivership following a cease-and-desist order issued by Nevada's Department of Business and Industry; and the filing and subsequent settlement of a civil fraud lawsuit by the New York Attorney General against Genesis Global Capital, its parent company Digital Currency Group, Inc., and former partner Gemini Trust Company — have highlighted the perceived and actual counterparty risk applicable to digital asset ownership and trading. Although these bankruptcies, closures, and liquidations have not resulted in any loss or misappropriation of our XRP, nor have such events adversely impacted our access to our XRP, legal precedent created in these bankruptcy and other proceedings may increase the risk of future rulings adverse to our interests in the event one or more of our custodians becomes a debtor in a bankruptcy case or is the subject of other liquidation, insolvency, or similar proceedings.

While all of our custodians are subject to regulatory regimes intended to protect customers in the event of a custodial bankruptcy, receivership, or similar insolvency proceeding, no assurance can be provided that our custodially-held XRP will not become part of the custodian's insolvency estate if one or more of our custodians enters bankruptcy, receivership, or similar insolvency proceedings. Additionally, if we pursue any strategies to create income streams or otherwise generate funds using our XRP holdings, we would become subject to additional counterparty risks. Any significant non-performance by counterparties, including in particular the custodians with which we custody substantially all of our XRP, could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.

***Our XRP strategy exposes us to various risks, including risks associated with XRP***

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Our XRP strategy exposes us to various risks, including the following:

XRP is a highly volatile asset. XRP is a highly volatile asset that has been traded between approximately $0.4936 and $3.65 per XRP on the Coinbase exchange in the 12 months preceding the date of this Annual Report. The trading price of XRP has significantly decreased during prior periods, and such declines may occur again in the future.

XRP does not pay interest or other returns, and we can only generate cash from our XRP holdings if we sell our XRP or implement strategies to create income streams or otherwise generate cash by using our XRP holdings. Even if we pursue any such strategies, we may be unable to create income streams or otherwise generate cash from our XRP holdings, and any such strategies may subject us to additional risks.

Our XRP holdings can significantly impact on our financial results and the market price of our listed securities, and if we continue to increase our overall holdings of XRP in the future, they will have an even greater impact on our financial results and the market price of our listed securities. The vast majority of our digital assets will be concentrated in our XRP holdings. The concentration of our assets in XRP will limit our ability to mitigate risk that could otherwise be achieved by holding a more diversified portfolio of treasury assets.

We will purchase XRP using proceeds from equity and debt financing. Our ability to achieve the objectives of our XRP strategy depends in significant part on our ability to obtain equity and debt financing. If we are unable to obtain equity or debt financing on favorable terms or at all, we may not be able to successfully execute on our XRP strategy.

Our XRP strategy has not been tested over an extended period of time or under different market conditions. We are continually examining the risks and rewards of our strategy to acquire and hold XRP. This strategy has not been tested over an extended period of time or under different market conditions. For example, although we believe XRP has the potential to serve as a widely used digital asset for payments and liquidity management, the price of XRP has at times declined in periods where adoption and usage of digital assets were expected to increase. If XRP prices were to decrease, or if our XRP strategy otherwise proves unsuccessful, our financial condition, results of operations, and the market price of our listed securities would be materially adversely impacted.

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We are subject to counterparty risks, including in particular risks relating to our custodians. Although we have implemented various measures that are designed to mitigate our counterparty risks, including by storing substantially all of the XRP we own in custody accounts at U.S.-based, institutional-grade custodians and negotiating contractual arrangements intended to establish that our property interest in custodially-held XRP is not subject to claims of our custodians' creditors, applicable insolvency law is not fully developed with respect to the holding of digital assets in custodial accounts. If our custodially-held XRP were nevertheless considered to be the property of our custodians' estates in the event that any such custodians were to enter bankruptcy, receivership or similar insolvency proceedings, we could be treated as a general unsecured creditor of such custodians, inhibiting our ability to exercise ownership rights with respect to such XRP, or delaying or hindering our access to our XRP holdings, and this may ultimately result in the loss of the value related to some or all of such XRP, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition as well as the market price of our listed securities.

The broader digital assets industry is subject to counterparty risks, which could adversely impact the adoption rate, price, and use of XRP. A series of recent high-profile bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions and other events relating to companies operating in the digital asset industry have highlighted the counterparty risks applicable to owning and transacting in digital assets. Although these bankruptcies, closures, liquidation and other events have not resulted in any loss or misappropriation of our XRP, nor have such events adversely impacted our access to our XRP, they have, in the short term, likely negatively impacted the adoption rate and use of XRP. Additional bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions or other events involving participants in the digital assets industry in the future may further negatively impact the adoption rate, price, and use of XRP, limit the availability to us of financing collateralized by XRP, or create or expose additional counterparty risks.

The broader digital assets industry, including the technology associated with digital assets, the rate of adoption and development of, and use cases for, digital assets, market perception of digital assets, and the legal, regulatory, and accounting treatment of digital assets are constantly developing and changing, and there may be additional risks in the future that are not possible to predict.

***We face other risks related to our Proposed XRP Treasury Strategy.***

If we implement our XRP Treasury Strategy, such reserve model would expose us to various risks, including the following:

● Regulatory changes could impact our ability to operate validators or receive rewards;

● Regulatory scrutiny of our activities may increase, potentially limiting our operations;

● Potential litigation risks exist related to smart contract vulnerabilities, validator operations, or other business activities;

● We could be subject to lawsuits alleging violations of securities laws if any XRP we hold is deemed a security;

● If XRP is deemed a "security" for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act") and our holdings of XRP and related activities cause us to be deemed an "investment company" under the Investment Company Act, we could be required to register as an investment company and comply with enhanced regulatory requirements or could subject us to potential enforcement actions;

● Our operations may be subject to enhanced scrutiny and compliance requirements if the XRP we hold are classified as securities in the future;

● Uncertainty around the regulatory status of digital assets may impact on our ability to list on certain exchanges;

● Changes in political administration may not guarantee a favorable regulatory environment for digital assets;

● Future SEC actions or court decisions could retroactively classify certain digital assets as securities, potentially leading to penalties or forced unwinding of transactions; and

● Increased regulatory focus on Layer-1 blockchains beyond Bitcoin and Ethereum could result in new compliance requirements.

**Risks related to raising of capital and financing**

***We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to service all our indebtedness, any additional debt we may incur and our other ongoing liquidity needs, and we may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness or any additional debt we may incur, which may not be successful.***

For the audited year ended June 30, 2025, debt obligations amounted to $29.2 million compared to June 30, 2024, where we had an aggregate of $29.1 million in debt obligations. This has been reduced post balance date through cash payments as well as debt to equity swaps, but there still remains material debt obligations outstanding. Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations and to fund our ongoing liquidity needs depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. There can be no assurance that we will maintain a level of cash flow from operating activities or that future borrowings will be available to us in an amount or on terms sufficient to permit us to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness. If our cash flow and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, sell material assets, or to seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations.

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We could also face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations or risk not being able to continue as a going concern. In addition, we may be able to incur additional indebtedness in the future. If new indebtedness is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face could intensify. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

***If we fail to adequately manage our planned growth, our overall business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.***

We are targeting significant growth across our businesses over the next 5 years, underpinned by strong industry tailwinds including the electrification of fleet vehicles, the adoption and acceleration of net zero carbon goals by corporate customers, and growth of the renewable and infrastructure sectors in our key geographic markets.

We expect that this significant growth in activity will place significant stress on our operations, management, employee base and ability to meet working capital requirements sufficient to support this growth over the next 12 to 36 months. Any failure to address the needs of our growing business successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

***We may be unable to obtain favorable financing from our vendors and suppliers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations and prospects.***

In addition to obtaining financing from certain financial parties, we have also historically utilized financing from our vendors and suppliers through customary trade payables or account payables. At times, we have increased the number of days' payables outstanding. There can be no assurance that our vendors and suppliers will continue to allow us to maintain existing or planned payables balances, and if we were forced to reduce our payables balances below our planned level without obtaining alternative financing, our inability to fund our operations would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We could also face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or enter into economically unfavorable financing arrangements to meet creditor demands or risk not being able to continue as a going concern.

***If we are unable to enter into new financing agreements when needed, or upon desirable terms, or if any of our current financing partners discontinue or materially change our financing terms, we may be unable to finance our operations and development projects or our borrowing costs could increase, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.***

We continue to require working capital and credit facilities to fund the growth of our critical power services businesses, and we may require additional working capital and credit facilities to fund the growth of the electric vehicles business and the up-front costs associated with the development and sale of sustainable energy solutions projects. Without access to sufficient and appropriate financing, or if such financing is not available at desirable rates or on terms we deem appropriate, we would be unable to grow our business. Our ability to obtain financing in the future depends on banks' and other financing sources' continued confidence in our business model and the industries in which we operate as a whole. In addition, wholesale regulatory changes within financial services markets within specific jurisdictions in which we operate can affect the availability of financing for our businesses resulting from capital availability in the market and appetite of the market for certain industries, risks, or businesses. Changes to our business, the business of our lenders, or the financing market in a region or as a whole could result in us being unable to obtain new financing or maintain existing credit facilities. Failure to obtain the necessary financing to fund our operations would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. To date, we have obtained financing for our business from a limited number of financial parties. If any of these financial parties decided not to continue financing our business or to materially change the terms under which they are willing to provide financing, we could be required to identify new financial parties and negotiate new financing documentation. The process of identifying new financing partners and agreeing on all relevant business and legal terms could be lengthy and could require us to reduce the rate of growth of our business until such new financing arrangements are in place. In addition, there can be no assurance that the terms of the financing provided by a new financial party would compare favorably with the terms available from our current financing partners. In any such case, our borrowing costs could increase, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

***We are a holding company whose material assets consist of our holdings in our subsidiaries, upon whom we are dependent for distributions.***

We are a holding company whose material assets consist of our holdings in our subsidiaries. We do not have independent sources of revenue generation. Although we intend to cause our subsidiaries to make distributions to us in an amount necessary to cover our obligations, expenses, taxes and any dividends we may declare, if one or more of our operating subsidiaries become restricted from making distributions under the provisions of any debt or other agreements or applicable laws to which it is subject, or is otherwise unable to make such distributions, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and liquidity.

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***Tembo is currently working towards a business combination with Nasdaq-listed Cactus Acquisition Corp. 1 Limited (CCTS). This process involves significant risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. There is no guarantee that we will be able to consummate this transaction.***

In August 2024, Tembo executed a definitive Business Combination Agreement ("BCA") with CCTS. Should this merger be consummated, it will result in Tembo becoming a separately listed company on the Nasdaq Global Market Exchange. Though the transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of calendar year 2026, the business combination is subject to regulatory and shareholder approvals, compliance with applicable laws and jurisdictions, and prevailing economic and market conditions, and there is no assurance that the transaction will be completed within the timeframe or at all.

Delays in the completion, or the possibility of termination, of the business combination could adversely affect our financial condition, strategic goals, and Tembo's ability to secure additional financing. Furthermore, factors such as, but not limited to, market sentiment, regulatory developments, and legal exposures related to the business combination can influence our share price, potentially leading to increased volatility and fluctuations prior to or upon the completion of the business combination, among other related risks. As a result, there can be no assurance that the expected benefits of the business combination will be realized, or that Tembo or the Company's business operations or financial conditions will not be adversely affected.

**Risks related to ownership of our Ordinary Shares**

***The trading price of our Ordinary Shares is highly volatile and likely to continue to be so, presenting litigation risks.***

The trading price of our Ordinary Shares has been highly volatile and will likely continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, most of which are beyond our control. Our Ordinary Shares have experienced an intra-day trading high of $8.88 per share and a low of $0.62 per share during the year ended June, 30 2025.

The stock market in general, and the market for technology-oriented companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Furthermore, short sellers and activists may seek to sensationalize selected news about companies, including ours, so as to influence supply and demand for the Ordinary Shares, further influencing volatility in its market price. Public perception and other factors outside of our control may additionally impact our stock price.

Following periods of volatility in our share price and the market generally, there is a risk that securities class action litigation may be filed against us. While we would defend any such actions vigorously, any judgement against us or any future stockholder litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management's attention and resources.

***We may issue additional securities in the future, which may result in dilution to our shareholders and may depress our share price.***

We are not restricted from issuing additional Ordinary Shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares. Because we anticipate we will need to raise additional capital to operate and/or expand our business, we expect to conduct equity offerings in the future.

There is no limit on the number of Ordinary Shares we may issue under our articles of association, however the directors' authority to allot Ordinary Shares is limited to the extent authorized by the shareholders of the Company. On December 28, 2023, at the Company's annual general meeting, the directors were generally and unconditionally authorized, in accordance with section 551 of the Companies Act 2006, to exercise all powers of the Company to allot shares and grant rights to subscribe for or convert any security into shares in the Company up to an aggregate nominal amount of $3.6 million. This authority will expire on December 27, 2028, unless renewed, varied, or revoked, although the Company may make offers or agreements prior to expiration that would or might require the allotment of shares or granting of rights after the expiry. The directors may act on such offers or agreements as if the authority had not expired. To the extent we conduct additional equity offerings, additional Ordinary Shares will be issued, which may result in dilution to our shareholders. The Ordinary Shares underlying our securities may be eligible for public resale in the future, either pursuant to registration or an exemption from registration. Sales of substantial numbers of shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares. In addition, issuances of a substantial number of shares will reduce the equity interest of our existing investors and could cause a change in control of our Company.

Future sales of substantial amounts of our Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the price of our Ordinary Shares and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional shares. Furthermore, the market price of our Ordinary Shares could drop significantly if our executive officers, directors, or certain large shareholders sell their shares, or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.

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***We do not intend to pay any dividends on our Ordinary Shares at this time.***

We have not paid any cash dividends on our Ordinary Shares to date. The payment of cash dividends on our Ordinary Shares in the future will be dependent upon our revenue and earnings, if any, capital requirements, and general financial condition, as well as the limitations on dividends and distributions that exist under the applicable laws and regulations of England and Wales and will be within the discretion of our board of directors (the "Board"). It is the present intention of our Board to retain all earnings, if any, for use in our business operations and, accordingly, our Board does not anticipate declaring any dividends on our Ordinary Shares in the foreseeable future. As a result, any gain you will realize on our Ordinary Shares will result solely from the appreciation of such shares.

***We cannot assure you that our Ordinary Shares will always trade in an active and liquid public market. In addition, at times trading in our Ordinary Shares on The Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") has been highly volatile with significant fluctuations in price and trading volume, and such volatility and fluctuations may continue to occur in the future. Low liquidity, high volatility, declines in our stock price or a potential delisting of our Ordinary Shares may have a negative effect on our ability to raise capital on attractive terms or at all and may have a material adverse effect on our operations.***

The market price of our Ordinary Shares may be influenced by many factors, many of which are beyond our control, including those described above in "Risks related to our business and operations." As a result of these and other factors, investors in our Ordinary Shares may not be able to resell their shares at or above the price they paid for such shares or at all. The market price of our Ordinary Shares has frequently been highly volatile and has fluctuated in a wide range. The liquidity of our Ordinary Shares as reflected in daily trading volume on Nasdaq has usually been low.

At a certain point in FY23, the trading price of our Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq fell to a minimum of $0.23 per share, and also traded to a maximum of $1.50 per share. The Company was first notified by Nasdaq that it no longer met the minimum bid price of $1.00 per share requirement, based on the closing bid price of the Company's Ordinary Shares for the last 30 consecutive business days, on October 28, 2022, and was given an initial 180-day period, until April 26, 2023, to regain compliance. On April 27, 2023, the Company received written notification from Nasdaq granting the Company's request for a 180-day extension to regain compliance with Nasdaq's minimum bid price requirement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the "Minimum Bid Price Requirement"). The Company was given until October 23, 2023, to meet the Minimum Bid Price Requirement that the bid price of the Company's Ordinary Shares close at, or above, $1.00 per share for a minimum of ten consecutive business days. On October 4, 2023, the Company announced a one-for-ten (1-10) reverse stock split and par value change of its Ordinary Shares to meet with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. Ordinary Shares began trading on a post-split basis on October 6, 2023, and as of September 12, 2025, the Ordinary Shares were trading at $5.11 per share.

On November 12, 2024, the Company received another notice from Nasdaq for non-compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement. As of December 10, 2024, the company regained compliance after maintaining a closing bid price of $1.00 or more for 10 consecutive business days.

There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement or that, if the Company receives a delisting notice and appeals the delisting determination by Nasdaq, such appeal would be successful.

Separately, on January 10, 2025, we filed a Form 6-K disclosing that we received a notice from the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Department indicating that we were not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), due to our failure to meet the minimum stockholders' equity requirement of $2.5 million, or to qualify under the alternative standards for market value of listed securities or net income. In response to the Notice, the Company submitted its initial compliance plan to Nasdaq on January 13, 2025, within the prescribed 45-day period. Updated plans were subsequently submitted on March 3, March 18 and April 17, 2025, reflecting refinements to the Company's strategy to regain and maintain compliance. On April 25, 2025, the Company received an extension letter from Nasdaq granting it until July 2, 2025, to regain compliance. On June 26, 2025, Nasdaq staff determined that the Company had regained compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). However, Nasdaq also noted that if the Company fails to demonstrate continued compliance in its next periodic report, it may again be subject to delisting, in which case written notification would be issued and the Company would have the right to appeal to a Hearings Panel.

There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement or that, if the Company receives a delisting notice and appeals the delisting determination by Nasdaq, such appeal would be successful.

Low liquidity, high volatility, declines in our stock price or potential delisting of our Ordinary Shares may have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise capital on attractive terms or at all and a material adverse effect on our operations.

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***As a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed on Nasdaq, we may follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of certain Nasdaq requirements.***

As a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed on Nasdaq, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of certain requirements of Nasdaq. Among other things, as a foreign private issuer we may follow home country practice with regard to the composition of the Board, director nomination procedure, and quorum at shareholders' meetings. In addition, we may follow our home country law, instead of Nasdaq rules, which require that we obtain shareholder approval for certain dilutive events such as for the establishment or amendment of certain equity based compensation plans, an issuance that will result in a change of control of the company, certain transactions other than a public offering involving issuances of a 20% or more interest in the company, and certain acquisitions of the stock or assets of another company. Accordingly, our shareholders may not be afforded the same protection as provided under Nasdaq's corporate governance requirements. For example, Nasdaq Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that certain requirements are met. Accordingly, we have elected to follow home country practice in lieu of the requirements under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), which requires companies to seek shareholder approval for the issuance of securities in connection with certain transactions other than a public offering involving the sale, issuance or potential issuance of our Ordinary Shares at a price less than certain referenced prices, if such shares equal 20% or more of the Company's Ordinary Shares or voting power outstanding before the issuance. Instead, and in accordance with the Nasdaq home country accommodations, we comply with applicable U.K. corporate and securities laws, which do not require shareholder approval for such dilutive events.

***The market price of our shares may be significantly and negatively affected by factors that are not in our control.***

The market price of our shares may vary significantly and may be significantly and negatively affected by factors that we do not control. Some of these factors include variance and volatility in global markets for equity and other assets; changes in legal, regulatory or tax-related requirements of governmental authorities, stock exchanges, or other regulatory or quasi-regulatory bodies; the performance of our competitors; and the general availability and terms of corporate and project financing.

***AWN Holdings Limited has substantial influence over us and its interests may conflict with or differ from interests of other shareholders.***

Our significant shareholder AWN Holdings Limited (collectively with its affiliates and subsidiaries, "AWN") owned approximately 7.1% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares as at June 30, 2025. Accordingly, AWN can exert substantial influence over the election of our directors, the approval of significant corporate transactions such as mergers, tender offers, and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, the adoption of equity compensation plans, and all other matters requiring shareholder approval. The interests of AWN could conflict with or differ from the interests of other shareholders. For example, the concentration of ownership held by AWN could delay, defer, or prevent a change of control of the Company or impede a merger, takeover, or other business combination, which other shareholders may view favorably.

In addition, AWN is our largest creditor, having provided us with a shareholder loan on a secured basis, and also some short-term loans. The principal balance on the outstanding loans with AWN, the Company's most significant shareholder, was $28.8 million as of June 30, 2025. AWN has the ability to exert rights that are customary for a secured first ranking loan if we are in breach of covenants or otherwise default on the loans. Any exertion of such rights may adversely affect the value of our share price.

***The rights of our shareholders may differ from the rights typically offered to shareholders of a U.S. corporation.***

We are incorporated under English law. The rights of holders of our Ordinary Shares are governed by English law, including the provisions of the Companies Act 2006, and by our Articles of Association. These rights differ in certain respects from the rights of shareholders in typical U.S. corporations. Pursuant to the Companies Act 2006, before rights to subscribe for shares are granted, the directors must have in place the relevant shareholder authorities to allot the shares. In addition, shareholders are required to disapply pre-emption rights in respect of shares to be allotted as a result of such rights to subscribe. There is no requirement to seek such authority where awards are made pursuant to an "employees' share scheme" however, where awards are made to non-employees those will not be made pursuant to an employees' share scheme. The Company will, however, take steps to seek ratification in relation to the allotment. See "Issued Share Capital—Differences in Corporate Law", for a description of the principal differences between the provisions of the Companies Act 2006 applicable to us and, for example, the Delaware General Corporation Law relating to shareholders' rights and protections.

**Risks related to climate, economic and geopolitical factors**

***We face risks related to natural disasters, health epidemics, such as COVID-19, and other catastrophes, which could significantly disrupt our operations or compromise our business continuity.***

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters or other catastrophes, such as earthquakes, fire, floods, hail, windstorms, severe weather conditions, environmental accidents, power loss, communications failures, explosions, terrorist attacks as well as epidemics and pandemics, including but not limited to outbreaks of avian influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, Zika virus, Ebola virus, the 2019 novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") and other similar public health emergencies.

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***General economic conditions, including levels of inflation and official interest rates in different jurisdictions in which we operate, could adversely impact demand for our solutions, products and services.***

Elevated geopolitical instability and economic volatility around the world may have a significant adverse effect on economic activity and VivoPower's businesses, which are global by nature

Furthermore, with increasing general cost inflation pressures, to the extent that we are unable to fully pass on any increases in input costs including materials and labor, this will adversely affect our profit margins, cash flows and ultimately our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Market interest rates have been generally increasing in the countries in which we operate, and any further increase in interest rates may have a material adverse impact on our businesses. For example, customers and investors would apply a higher discount rate in their decision making and this may compromise our ability to sell our solutions and projects and adversely impact the value of our businesses assets. To the extent we are unable to mitigate these risks, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The demand for our solutions, products and services is influenced by macroeconomic factors such as global economic conditions, demand for electricity, and supply and prices of other energy products, such as oil, coal and natural gas. Economic slowdowns, global, regional or local recessions or depressions could lead to eroded confidence from our customers and decreased spending more generally, which in turn could reduce demand for the Company's products. Unfavorable economic conditions could also negatively impact on the Company's customers, distributors, suppliers, and financial counterparties, who may experience cash flow problems, increased credit defaults or other financial issues, in turn affecting our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The demand for our solutions, products and services is also affected by microeconomic factors, such as government regulations and policies concerning the electric vehicle industry, the electric utility industry and the renewable energy industry and more broadly, the environment and carbon emissions.

Our growth and profitability depend on the demand for and the prices of our solutions, products and services, which are underpinned by the relative cost of electricity and solar power as well as electric vehicle conversion kit components. If we experience negative macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

***Commodity prices (particularly for natural gas and coal) could impact on the economic viability of our businesses, in particular SES.***

Traditional forms of electricity generation using commodities such as natural gas and coal provide a source of competition for renewable energy, including solar power. Commodity prices are inherently volatile and from time-to-time traditional forms of generation can be cheaper and more competitive than renewable power. Increased competition caused by prolonged low commodity prices for traditional forms of generation could adversely impact on the economic viability of our SES business unit. This has the potential to negatively impact our ability to achieve our earnings or cash flow targets, which could have a consequential material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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***Our operations span multiple markets and jurisdictions, exposing us to numerous legal, political, operational, foreign currency exchange and other risks that could negatively affect our operations and profitability.***

With operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, Canada, the Philippines, the United Arab Emirates and Australia, as well as partners and customers in Africa, Southeast Asia, South Asia and China we are exposed to various financial, political and economic factors. Our customers and suppliers are also located in various countries across the world. We are subject to regulation in all of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Compliance with a variety of laws may require additional costs for sufficient controlling mechanisms or legal advice. Difficulties with enforcement of agreements and receivables in foreign legal systems may result in loss of revenue, depreciation, and lower cash flows. Changes in regulatory requirements may cause, among other things, expensive production reorganizations. Decision-making processes may become more complex, requiring more management resources. Trade wars, imposition of tariffs and export controls caused by geopolitical developments may impede supply chains and customer deliveries. In addition, the circulation of goods which are vital to our business success due to our international orientation can been adversely affected by pandemics such as COVID-19.

We continue to explore expansion of our international operations in certain markets where we currently operate and in selected new or developing markets. New markets and developing markets can present many risks including the actions and decisions of local and national authorities and regulators, the imposition of limits on foreign ownership of local companies, changes in laws (including tax laws and regulations) as well as their application or interpretation, civil disturbances and political instability, difficulties in protecting intellectual property, fluctuations in the value of the local currency, restrictions that prevent us from transferring funds from these operations out of the countries in which they operate or converting local currencies we hold into U.S. dollars, British Pounds or other currencies, as well as other adverse actions by governmental authorities and regulators, such as the retroactive application of new requirements on our current and prior activities or operations. Additionally, evaluating or entering into a developing market may require considerable time from management, as well as start-up expenses for market development before any significant revenues and earnings are generated. Engaging with foreign representatives and consultants may be vital for the success of our operations in certain countries and hence create a significant dependency on their abilities. Operations in new markets may achieve low margins or may be unprofitable, and expansion in existing markets may be affected by local political, economic and market conditions. As we continue to operate our business internationally, our success will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other related risks. The impact of any one or more of these or other factors could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We generate revenues and incur costs in a number of currencies. Changes in economic or political conditions in any of the countries in which we operate could result in exchange rate movement, new currency or exchange controls or other restrictions being imposed on our operations or expropriation. Because our financial results are reported in U.S. dollars, if we generate revenue or earnings in other currencies, the translation of those results into U.S. dollars can result in a significant increase or decrease in the amount of those revenues or earnings.

Foreign exchange rates have seen significant fluctuation in recent years, and significant increases in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could have a material adverse effect on the Group's (as defined below) reported financial results.

***Seasonal variations in demand linked to construction cycles and weather conditions may influence our results of operations and severe weather, including extreme weather conditions associated with climate change, may negatively affect our operations.***

Our business is subject to seasonal variations in demand linked to weather conditions. The demand for our solutions, products and services from some countries may also be subject to significant seasonality due to adverse weather conditions. Furthermore, extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes, droughts, heat waves, fires, winter storms and other severe weather events associated with climate change could cause these seasonal fluctuations to be more pronounced. Seasonal variations and unseasonal weather could adversely affect our results of operations, including preventing our workforce from progressing projects as planned and making them more volatile and unpredictable.

Destruction caused by severe weather events, such as hurricanes, flooding, tornados, severe thunderstorms, snow and ice storms, can result in lost operating revenues due to outages, property damage including downed transmission and distribution lines, and additional and unexpected expenses to mitigate storm damage, any of which may have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

***A deterioration or other negative change in economic or financial conditions in the countries in which we operate or in the global financial markets could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.***

Our business depends on the availability of third-party financing on attractive terms. If a deterioration, volatility, or other negative changes occurred in economic or financial conditions, either in the countries in which we operate or in the global financial markets in general, our access to such financing, or the terms on which we are able to access such financing, could be significantly and negatively affected. Financial markets are subject to periods of substantial volatility, and such volatility is difficult or impossible to predict in advance.

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If we are unable to secure third party financing on commercially viable terms, this could have a material adverse impact on our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition.

**Risks related to information systems, internal controls, cybersecurity, record keeping and reporting**

***Our operations depend on proper performance of various information technology systems.***

The majority of our operational steps are covered by complex information technology ("IT") systems and Enterprise-Resource-Planning ("ERP") systems such as NetSuite. We rely on integrated IT systems, in particular for purposes of production planning, scheduling, control and quality assurance, recording our order intake, sales volumes and distribution, and maintaining our accounting systems. In addition, new IT systems are implemented continuously across our Group.

Our IT systems may fail for a number of reasons in the future. Rapid growth of our business, fire, lightning, flooding, earthquake or other natural disasters, technological or human error or other events may cause disruptions. In addition, we may be the subject of cyber-attacks in the future, and we cannot ensure entirely that our IT security will successfully prevent such hacks, denial of service attacks, data theft or other cyber-attacks. Our back-up systems may fail to fully protect us against the effects of such events. Consequently, any failure of our IT systems could lead to difficulties meeting customers' demands, delays in delivery, less effective hedging or accounting or risk management failures. Moreover, confidential or private information, including third-party information, may be leaked, stolen, or manipulated or compromised in other ways. In this event, we may also be subject to contractual penalties or claims for damages, administrative fines or other sanctions under secrecy, confidentiality, or data protection laws and regulations. Our insurance may not adequately cover potential damages which may reduce our customer base and ultimately result in lower revenue.

***We have material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to remediate any material weaknesses or if we fail to establish and maintain effective control over financial reporting, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be adversely affected.***

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Our failure to remediate the material weaknesses or the identification of additional material weaknesses in the future could adversely affect our ability to report financial information, including our filing of quarterly or annual reports with the SEC on a timely and accurate basis. Moreover, our failure to remediate the material weaknesses identified above or the identification of additional material weaknesses could prohibit us from producing timely and accurate financial statements, which may adversely affect the market price of shares of our common stock. The Company is committed to resolving the material weaknesses by enhancing its accounting and finance department, implementing a new organization wide ERP system with an inherent robust control structure, and utilizing external expertise related to all aspects of internal control environments.

***The accounting treatment for many aspects of our business is complex and any changes to the accounting interpretations or accounting rules governing our business could have a material adverse effect on our reported results of operations and financial results.***

The accounting treatment for many aspects of our business is complex, and our future results could be adversely affected by changes in the accounting treatment applicable to our business. In particular, any changes to the accounting rules regarding the following matters may require us to change the manner in which we operate and finance our business:

● revenue recognition and related timing;

● intercompany contracts;

● operation and maintenance contracts;

● long-term vendor agreements; and

● foreign holding company tax treatment.

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***Security breaches, cyber-attacks, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.***

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, and store sensitive data, intellectual property and proprietary business information owned or controlled by ourselves or our customers. This data encompasses a wide variety of business-critical information including research and development information, commercial information, and business and financial information. We face four primary risks related to protecting this critical information: loss of access; inappropriate disclosure; inappropriate modification; and inadequate monitoring of our controls over the first three risks.

The secure processing, storage, maintenance, and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy, and we devote significant resources to protecting such information. Although we take measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or viruses, breaches, interruptions due to employee error, malfeasance, lapses in compliance with privacy and security mandates, or other disruptions. Any such breach or interruption could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen.

Any such security breach or interruption, as well as any action by us or our employees or contractors that might be inconsistent with the rapidly evolving data privacy and security laws and regulations applicable within the United States and elsewhere where we conduct business, could result in enforcement actions by U.S. states, the U.S. federal government or foreign governments, liability or sanctions under data privacy laws that protect personally identifiable information, regulatory penalties, other legal proceedings such as but not limited to private litigation, the incurrence of significant remediation costs, disruptions to our development programs, business operations and collaborations, diversion of management efforts and damage to our reputation, which could harm our business and operations. Because of the rapidly moving nature of technology and the increasing sophistication of cybersecurity threats, our measures to prevent, respond to and minimize such risks may be unsuccessful.

In addition, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union adopted a comprehensive general data privacy regulation, or GDPR, in 2016 to replace the current European Union Data Protection Directive and related country specific legislation. The GDPR took effect in May 2018 and governs the collection and use of personal data in the European Union. The GDPR, which is wide-ranging in scope, will impose several requirements relating to the consent of the individuals to whom the personal data relates, the information provided to the individuals, the security and confidentiality of the personal data, data breach notification and the use of third-party processors in connection with the processing of the personal data. The GDPR also imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal data out of the European Union to the United States, enhances enforcement authority and imposes large penalties for noncompliance, including the potential for fines of up to €20 million or 4% of the annual global revenues of the infringer, whichever is greater. While we have taken steps to comply with the GDPR, including reviewing our security procedures and entering into data processing agreements with relevant contractors, we cannot assure you that our efforts to remain in compliance will be fully successful.

Further, unauthorized access, loss or dissemination of sensitive information could also disrupt our operations, including our ability to conduct research and development activities, process and prepare company financial information, manage various general and administrative aspects of our business and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our reputation and our business. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will promptly detect any such disruption or security breach, if at all. To the extent that any disruption or security breach were to result in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary information, we could incur liability, and the further development of our products could be delayed.

***We make estimates and assumptions in connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, and any changes to those estimates and assumptions could have a material adverse effect on our reported results of operations.***

In connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements included in this report, we used certain estimates and assumptions, which are more fully described in Notes 2 and 3 of the financial statements. The estimates and assumptions we use in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgements about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Changes in accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates. While we believe that these estimates and assumptions are reasonable under the circumstances, they are subject to significant uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Should any of these estimates and assumptions change or prove to have been incorrect, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, any of which could cause our stock price to decline.

***We currently report our financial results under IFRS, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP.***

We report on our financial statements under IFRS. There have been and there may be in the future certain significant differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP, including but not limited to differences related to revenue recognition, share-based compensation expense, income tax, impairment of long-lived assets and loss per share. As a result, our financial information and reported earnings for historical or future periods could be significantly different if they were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As a result, you may not be able to meaningfully compare our financial statements under IFRS with those companies that prepare financial statements under U.S. GAAP.

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**Risks related to regulations and governance**

***Regulations and policies governing electric vehicles may materially adversely affect the adoption of electric vehicles and hence the demand for and/or financial viability of our electric vehicle business.***

Electric vehicle sales are subject to foreign, federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations and policies which affect both demand and supply. These include incentives for purchase as well as manufacturing. Should these incentives be removed or reduced, the demand and/or supply of electric vehicles may decline. In addition, each jurisdiction will have their own laws, rules and regulations in relation to on-road usage of electric vehicles, including homologation requirements.

Electric vehicles are also subject to industry specific laws, rules and regulations for use in different industries. For example, there are specific mining regulations which define certain technical and safety requirements that must be met in order for electric vehicles to be eligible for use on mine sites. Road use of our electric vehicles will also require adhering to local laws and regulations in order to be operated on public roads.

These laws, rules and regulations may adversely affect the technical and economic viability of our Tembo EUV products and solutions which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

***Regulations and policies governing solar power project development, installation and energy generation may adversely affect demand for solutions, products and services including SES.***

Our SES segment has revenue generating elements that involve solar power project and systems development, installation and/or generation. Hence, each of these business segments are impacted by regulations and policies that affect solar power project development, installation and generation.

Energy and electricity markets are influenced by foreign, federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations. These laws, rules and regulations, which differ across jurisdictions may affect electricity pricing and electricity generation and could have a substantial impact on the relative cost and attractiveness of renewable energy, including solar power compared to other forms of energy generation. Furthermore, there may be rules introduced to curtail the generation and/or supply of renewable power generation so as to reduce the effects of power intermittency, which adversely affects the economic viability of solar power projects and systems.

In addition, the financial viability and attractiveness of projects which comprise of renewable power generation heavily depends on equipment prices which are affected by laws, rules and regulations. For example, trade and local content laws, rules and regulations, such as tariffs on solar panels, can increase the pricing of solar equipment, thereby raising the cost of developing solar projects and reducing the savings and returns achievable by off-takers and investors, and also potentially reducing profit margins on projects. These and any other tariffs or similar taxes or duties may increase the cost of solar power project and systems development, thereby reducing their economic appeal.

Furthermore, the installation of solar power equipment is subject to a broad range of federal, state, local and foreign regulations relating to trade, construction, safety, environmental protection, utility interconnection and metering, and related matters. Any new regulations or policies in this regard may result in significant additional cost of solar power project and systems installation, thereby reducing their economic appeal.

In some cases, the economic viability of a solar project and/or system will depend on securing a power purchase agreement ("PPA"). Such PPAs are typically subject to approval by the relevant regulatory authority in the local market. There can be no assurance that any such approval will be obtained, and in certain markets, the regulatory bodies have recently demonstrated a heightened level of scrutiny on solar PPAs that have been brought for approval. If the required approval is not obtained for any particular solar PPA, the PPA counterparty may exercise its right to terminate such agreement, and we may lose invested development capital, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

***Changes in tariffs, trade policies and related geopolitical developments could increase our costs, disrupt our supply chain, and reduce demand for our products, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.***

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We source components and services globally, including from Asia, and rely on cross-border logistics. Increases in existing tariffs, the imposition of new tariffs or quotas, export controls or sanctions, retaliatory measures by other jurisdictions, or changes to trade agreements could (i) raise input and freight costs (including batteries, electronic components and finished kits), (ii) delay or disrupt production and deliveries, (iii) constrain access to certain technologies or financial services, and (iv) reduce customer demand in affected markets. These factors may also increase working-capital needs, complicate supplier relationships, and require pricing or sourcing changes that we may be unable to implement on acceptable terms or timing. Prolonged or escalating trade tensions could therefore adversely impact on our margins, cash flows and growth plans.

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***Changes to our tax liabilities or changes to tax requirements in the jurisdictions in which we operate could significantly and negatively affect our profitability.***

We are subject to income taxes and potential tax examinations in various jurisdictions, and taxing authorities may disagree with our interpretations of U.S. and foreign tax laws and may assess additional taxes. The taxes ultimately paid upon resolution of such examinations could be materially different from the amounts previously included in our income tax provision, which could have a material impact on our profitability and cash flow. Moreover, changes to our operating structure, losses of tax holidays, changes in the mix of earnings in countries with tax holidays or differing statutory tax rates, changes in tax laws, and the discovery of new information in the course of our tax return preparation process could each have a negative impact on our tax burden and therefore our financial condition. Changes in tax laws or regulations or interpretations may also increase tax uncertainty and adversely affect our results of operations. Any increase in corporation or other tax rates to which the Company is exposed or adverse changes in the basis of calculation could result in the Company paying higher taxes and could have an adverse impact on the Company's cash flows, financial condition, and results of operations.

***Changes in, or any failure to comply with, privacy laws, regulations, and standards may adversely affect our business.***

The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Governmental bodies around the world have adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws and regulations affecting data privacy. Industry organizations also regularly adopt and advocate new standards in this area. In addition to government regulation, privacy advocates and industry groups may propose new and different self-regulatory standards that apply to us. Any changes in such laws, regulations or standards may result in increased costs to our operations, and any failure by us to comply with such laws, regulations and standards may have a significant and negative impact on our business or reputation.

***As a foreign private issuer under the rules and regulations of the SEC, we are exempt from a number of rules under U.S. securities laws that apply to U.S.-based issuers and are permitted to file less information with the SEC than such companies.***

We are a "foreign private issuer" under the rules and regulations of the SEC. As a result, we are not subject to all of the disclosure requirements applicable to U.S.-based issuers. For example, we are exempt from certain rules under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), that impose disclosure and procedural requirements related to the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations applicable to securities registered under the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required to file periodic reports and consolidated financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S.-based public companies. As a result, there may be less publicly available information concerning our Company than there is for U.S.-based public companies. Furthermore, our officers and directors are exempt from the reporting and "short-swing" profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and related rules.

***U.S. holders of our shares could be subject to material adverse tax consequences if we are considered a*** "***passive foreign investment company***" ***for U.S. federal income tax purposes.***

We do not believe that we are a passive foreign investment company (a "PFIC") for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and we do not expect to become a PFIC. However, the determination of whether we are a currently, or may become in the future, a PFIC, depends on the particular facts and circumstances (such as the valuation of our assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets) and may also be affected by the application of the PFIC rules, which are subject to differing interpretations. Because that factual determination is made annually after the end of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable years.

If we are a PFIC, U.S. holders of our Ordinary Shares would be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, such as ineligibility for any preferred tax rates on capital gains or on actual or deemed dividends, interest charges on certain taxes treated as deferred, and additional reporting requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws and regulations. A U.S. holder of our Ordinary Shares may be able to mitigate some of the adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences described above with respect to owning the Ordinary Shares if we are classified as a PFIC, provided that such U.S. investor is eligible to make, and validly makes, a "mark-to-market" election. In certain circumstances a U.S. Holder can make a "qualified electing fund" election to mitigate some of the adverse tax consequences described with respect to an ownership interest in a PFIC by including in income its share of the PFIC's income on a current basis. However, we do not currently intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable a U.S. Holder to make a qualified electing fund election.

Investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding all aspects of the application of the PFIC rules to our Ordinary Shares. For more information related to classification as a PFIC, see *Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations.*

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***We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.***

As a foreign private issuer, we are not required to comply with all the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and related rules and regulations. In the future, we would lose our foreign private issuer status if we failed to meet the requirements set forth in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). If we were to lose our status as a foreign private issuer, we would become subject to the regulatory and compliance costs associated with being a U.S. domestic issuer under U.S. securities laws, rules and regulations and stock exchange requirements, which costs may be significantly greater than costs we incur as a foreign private issuer. We would be required under current SEC rules to prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP and modify certain of our policies to comply with corporate governance practices associated with U.S. domestic issuers. These requirements would be additional to, and not in place of, those under U.K. law to prepare consolidated financial statements under IFRS and comply with applicable U.K. corporate governance laws. If we do not qualify as a foreign private issuer, we will be required to file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive in certain respects than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. Such conversion and modifications will involve additional costs, both one-off in nature on conversion and ongoing costs to meet reporting in both U.S. GAAP and IFRS, which would reduce our operating profit. In addition, we may lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements on U.S. stock exchanges that are available to foreign private issuers. Therefore, the additional costs that we would incur if we lost our foreign private issuer status could have a significant and negative impact on our financial condition, operating results or cash flows.

***U.S. investors may have difficulty enforcing civil liabilities against our Company, our directors or members of senior management and the experts named in this report***

Most of our directors and the experts are non-residents of the United States, and all or a substantial portion of the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible to serve process on such persons or us in the United States or to enforce judgements obtained in U.S. courts against them or us based on civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States. There may be doubt as to whether the courts of England and Wales would accept jurisdiction over and enforce certain civil liabilities under U.S. securities laws in original actions or enforce judgements of U.S. courts based upon these civil liability provisions. In addition, awards of punitive damages in actions brought in the United States or elsewhere are likely to be unenforceable in England and Wales (an award for monetary damages under the U.S. securities laws may be considered punitive if it does not seek to compensate the claimant for loss or damage suffered and appears to be intended to punish the defendant). The enforceability of any judgement in England and Wales will depend on a number of criteria, including public policy, as well as the laws and treaties in effect at the time. The United States and the U.K. do not currently have any treaties providing for recognition and enforcement of judgements (other than arbitration awards) in civil and commercial matters.

***From time to time, we may become involved in costly and time-consuming litigation and other regulatory proceedings which require significant attention from our management.***

In addition to potential litigation related to defending our intellectual property rights, we may be named as a defendant from time to time in other lawsuits and regulatory actions relating to our business, some of which may claim significant damages.

On May 31, 2022 the William Q. Richards Estate (the "Plaintiff" or the "Estate") filed a complaint against VivoPower USA LLC, Caret, LLC ("Caret"), formerly Innovative Solar Ventures I, LLC ("ISV"), and related entities (the "VivoPower Defendants") alleging the VivoPower Defendants improperly included land owned by the Estate in the reinvestment zone of the tax abatement agreements executed on March 14, 2022 between Cottle County, Texas and the Company's subsidiaries Innovative Solar 144, LLC and Innovative Solar 145, LLC. The complaint sought to nullify and/or declare the tax abatement agreements void. The Estate filed an amended complaint on August 18, 2022, further detailing their claims and requesting unspecified damages. On September 16, 2022, the VivoPower Defendants filed a motion to dismiss Plaintiff's Amended Complaint, which the Court subsequently granted on January 23, 2023, stating that the Plaintiff had failed "to establish that the amount in controversy had been met." On February 20, 2023, the Estate filed a second amended complaint to argue that the amount in controversy was met. Regina, widow of the late William Q. Richards, was added as a plaintiff in the second amended complaint. On March 6, 2023, the VivoPower Defendants filed a new motion to dismiss the Plaintiffs' second amended complaint. On May 5, 2023, the Plaintiffs filed an instant opposition to the VivoPower Defendants' motions to dismiss. On May 19, 2023, the VivoPower Defendants submitted a reply supporting their motion to dismiss requesting the dismissal of the Plaintiffs' claim. The suit was settled with a payment of $50,000 in September 2024 to be followed by 12 equal monthly payments of $14,583.33 USD. A litigation provision of $0.2 million has been made in the accounts at the end of FY24.

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In addition to the foregoing litigation, we may be subject in the future to, or may file ourselves, claims, lawsuits or arbitration proceedings related to matters in tort or under contracts, employment matters, securities class action lawsuits, whistleblower matters, tax authority examinations or other lawsuits, regulatory actions or government inquiries and investigations. Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation and regulatory proceedings, we cannot accurately predict the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings. An unfavorable outcome could have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition, results of operations or cash flows or limit our ability to engage in certain of our business activities. In addition, regardless of the outcome of any litigation or regulatory proceedings, such proceedings are often expensive, lengthy, disruptive to normal business operations and require significant attention from our management.

***We are subject to the U.K. Bribery Act, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (***"***FCPA***"***) and other anti-corruption laws, as well as export control laws, import and customs laws, trade and economic sanctions laws and other laws governing our operations.***

Our operations are subject to anti-corruption laws, including the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, or the Bribery Act, the FCPA, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. §201, the U.S. Travel Act, and other anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where we do business. The Bribery Act, the FCPA and these other laws generally prohibit us and our employees and intermediaries from authorizing, promising, offering, or providing, directly or indirectly, improper or prohibited payments, or anything else of value, to government officials or other persons to obtain or retain business or gain some other business advantage.

Under the Bribery Act, we may also be liable for failing to prevent a person associated with us from committing a bribery offense. We, and those acting on our behalf, operate in a number of jurisdictions that pose a high risk of potential Bribery Act or FCPA violations, and we participate in collaborations and relationships with third parties whose corrupt or illegal activities could potentially subject us to liability under the Bribery Act, FCPA or local anticorruption laws, even if we do not explicitly authorize or have actual knowledge of such activities. In addition, we cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which our international operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted. Furthermore, compliance with the Bribery Act, the FCPA and these other laws is expensive and difficult, particularly in countries in which corruption is a recognized problem.

We are also subject to other laws and regulations governing our international operations, including regulations administered by the governments of the United States and the U.K., and authorities in the European Union, including applicable export control regulations, economic sanctions and embargoes on certain countries and persons, anti-money laundering laws, import and customs requirements and currency exchange regulations, collectively referred to as Trade Control laws.

There is no assurance that we will be completely effective in ensuring our compliance with all applicable anti-corruption laws, including the Bribery Act, the FCPA or other legal requirements, including Trade Control laws. If we are not in compliance with the Bribery Act, the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws or Trade Control laws, we may be subject to criminal and civil penalties, disgorgement and other sanctions and remedial measures, and legal expenses, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Likewise, any investigation of any potential violations of the Bribery Act, the FCPA, other anti-corruption laws or Trade Control laws by United States, U.K. or other authorities could also have an adverse impact on our reputation, our business, results of operations and financial condition. Further, the failure to comply with laws governing international business practices may result in substantial civil and criminal penalties and suspension or debarment from government contracting.

Any such violation, even if prohibited by our policies, could subject us and such persons to criminal and/or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and results of operations.

**Risks related to attracting and retaining talent**

***Our future success depends on our ability to retain our chief executive officer and other key executives.***

We are highly dependent on Kevin Chin, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and other principal members of our management team. Although we have formal employment agreements with each of our executive officers, these agreements do not prevent our executives from terminating their employment with us. We do not maintain "key person" insurance on any of our executive officers. The unplanned loss of the services of any of these persons could materially impact on our business and results of operations.

***The success of our Company is heavily dependent on the continuing services of key personnel as well as the recruitment and retention of additional personnel.***

The industries we operate in are characterized by strong competition for personnel. The success of our Company is highly dependent on the contributions of executives and other key personnel, and if we were to lose the contributions of any such personnel, it could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.

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Moreover, our growth plans may necessitate us to hire additional personnel in the future. If we are not able to attract and retain such personnel, our ability to realize our growth objectives will be compromised.

In addition, talented employees may choose to leave the Company because of competing companies offering better remuneration packages or they prefer to embrace a different lifestyle. When talented employees leave, we may have difficulty replacing them and our business may suffer. While we strive to maintain our competitiveness in the marketplace, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully retain the employees that we need to achieve our business objectives.

The loss of one or more of our key management or operating personnel, or the failure to attract and retain additional key personnel, could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

**ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY**

**A. History and Development of the Company**

VivoPower was incorporated on February 1, 2016, under the laws of England and Wales, with company number 09978410, as a public company limited by shares. It listed on NASDAQ in December 2016.

VivoPower became a B Corporation in 2018. It recertified as a B Corporation in 2022 and was recognized in the Best For The World program as being in the top 5% amongst B Corporations for Governance.

On November 5, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of 51% of Tembo e-LV B. V. and its subsidiaries: Tembo 4x4 B.V. and FD 4x4 Centre B.V. ("Tembo") for a total consideration of €4.0 million. On February 2, 2021, the Company acquired the remaining 49% of Tembo e-LV for €1.8 million cash consideration and €0.2 million of Ordinary Shares. The primary business activity of Tembo is assembly of ruggedized electric vehicles and related products, suitable for use in off-road and ruggedized environments, including mining, infrastructure, utilities, government services, humanitarian, tourism and agriculture sectors. Tembo's capabilities are a key element of VivoPower's sustainable energy solutions strategy and offering.

On June 30, 2021, the Company acquired the remaining 50% interest in its joint venture, Caret, from the other joint venture partner, Innovative Solar Systems, LLC ("ISS"), for $1. The primary business activity of Caret is the development of utility scale solar farms in the U.S.

On July 1, 2022 the Company disposed of the business and assets of J.A. Martin except its solar division and the business and assets of Non-Destructive Testing Services in a sale to ARA Electrical Engineering Services Pty Limited (ARA).

On July 2, 2024, the Company disposed of Kenshaw Electrical, its critical power services business in Australia,

In January 2025, VivoPower was named a 2025 Real Leaders Top Impact Company, recognizing its leadership in sustainable business practices and positive social and environmental contributions. This accolade reflects VivoPower's commitment to delivering decarbonization solutions globally through its electric vehicle, battery storage, and microgrid offerings.

In May 2025, VivoPower implemented a significant shift in its corporate strategy through the launch of its digital asset and decentralized finance solutions strategy. Under this strategy, a portion of the Company's treasury assets has been allocated into digital assets, with a primary focus on XRP, making VivoPower the first publicly listed company to operate as an XRP-focused digital asset treasury and decentralized finance solutions company. This strategy is designed not only to provide diversification and yield on treasury holdings, but also to strengthen VivoPower's ability to raise capital by offering investors unique exposure to XRP. It also aligns the Company with growing trends in global digital reserves, cross-border payments, and decentralized finance, positioning the Group at the intersection of traditional finance and decentralized finance innovation.

Concurrently with the launch of its digital asset and decentralized finance solutions strategy, the Company reached agreement with certain investors in relation to a private in public equity (PIPE) capital raise of $121 million priced at $6.05 per share, of which the Group has already closed the first tranche, amounting to $60.5 million on June 20, 2025 with the balance to be received in subsequent phases. The private offering was led by HRH Prince Abdulaziz bin Turki bin Talal Al Saud, Chairman of Eleventh Holding Company, alongside other institutional and digital-asset investors.

***Corporate and Other Information***

Our registered office is located at Blackwell House, Guildhall Yard, London England EC2V 5AE United Kingdom. Our telephone number is +44-203-667-5158 and our internet address is https://www.vivopower.com. Our website and the information contained on or accessible through our website are not part of this report. Our agent for service of process in the U.S. is CSC Global / The Law Debenture Trust. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC (<u>http://www.sec.gov</u>).

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**B. Business Overview**

VivoPower is an award-winning global sustainable energy solutions B Corporation company focused on electric solutions for customized and ruggedized fleet applications, battery and microgrids, solar and critical power technology and services. The Company's core purpose is to provide its customers with turnkey decarbonization solutions that enable them to move toward net-zero carbon status. VivoPower has operations and personnel in Australia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Philippines. In May 2025, VivoPower implemented a significant strategic shift with the launch of its digital asset and decentralized finance solutions strategy, becoming the first publicly listed company to operate as an XRP-focused digital asset and decentralized finance solutions company, thereby diversifying its treasury assets, enhancing capital-raising capabilities, and positioning itself at the forefront of the convergence between traditional finance and decentralized finance innovation.

Management analyses the Group's business across five reportable segments: Electric Vehicles, Sustainable Energy Solutions, Solar Development, Digital Assets, and Corporate Office.

The Critical Power Services segment, previously represented by VivoPower's wholly owned subsidiary Aevitas and its subsidiaries Kenshaw Electrical Pty Limited ("Kenshaw") and Kenshaw Solar Pty Ltd (formerly J.A. Martin, "Aevitas Solar"), has been discontinued following the sale of Kenshaw to ARA Group Limited in July 2024. Accordingly, Critical Power Services is no longer considered an operating segment.

The Electric Vehicles segment is represented by Tembo e-LV B.V. ("Tembo"), a Netherlands-based specialist in battery-electric and off-road vehicle solutions for mining and other rugged industrial sectors worldwide. This segment also includes Tembo EV Pty Ltd, which launched the Tembo Tusker electric pickup truck in Australia and New Zealand, and Tembo Technologies Pty Ltd, which is developing an all-electric Jeepney for the Philippines transport market.

The Sustainable Energy Solutions ("SES") segment focuses on the design, evaluation, sale, and implementation of renewable energy infrastructure for customers, both as standalone projects and as complementary solutions supporting Tembo's electric vehicles.

The legacy Solar Development segment is included within Caret LLC ("Caret") in the United States. Caret LLC now also encompasses the Digital Assets business, which also generates digital revenue streams from digital asset mining activities, which are reported as a separate Digital Asset segment.

The Corporate Office segment represents the Group's corporate functions, including costs associated with maintaining its Nasdaq public listing, compliance with SEC reporting requirements, and investor relations activities. This segment is headquartered in the United Kingdom.

**Electric Vehicles**

Tembo e-LV B.V. ("Tembo") is the electric vehicle business unit and brand which was fully acquired by VivoPower in February 2021. It has operating subsidiaries in the Europe, Australia, the Middle East and Asia, as well as partners in Africa and North America. Founded in the Netherlands in 1969, Tembo's genesis was as a specialist off-road vehicle ruggedization and modification company. Tembo specializes in designing and producing building high-performance and ruggedized battery-powered electric vehicle ("EV") solutions, including conversion kits for fleet owners in the mining, agriculture, energy utility, defense, police, government, public transport, humanitarian, and game safari industries, that convert internal combustion engine ("ICE") vehicles into fully electrified battery-powered EVs. In addition, Tembo designed and engineered the Tembo Tusker – Tembo's first Original Equipment Manufacturer ("OEM") light utility battery-electric pick-up truck. With a focus on delivering EVs that meet high standards of safety, reliability, and quality for utility and other off-road and ruggedized or customized on-road applications, under VivoPower's ownership, Tembo has grown into a global business with partners and customers across five continents.

Tembo's business consists of four primary product lines: (i) (Tembo EUV) utility vehicle ("EUV") battery-electric conversion kits for off-road and ruggedized or customized on-road applications, (ii) (Tembo PUV) public utility vehicle ("PUV") battery-electric conversion kits for Jeepneys in the Philippines, (iii) (Tembo EVP) Electric Vehicle Products ("EVP"), which includes Tembo's first fully-electrified road ready light pickup truck, the Tembo Tusker, and related services, and (iv) (Tembo SES) an extensive portfolio of EV charging solutions for home and commercial applications.

Tembo's EUV conversion architecture is designed to allow a 'plug and play' approach that allows our global partner community to install and maintain thousands of kits, whether in left-hand drive or right-hand drive, 2 door or 4 door vehicles in the harshest of environments. Tembo's "plug and play' architecture allows us to replace components as technologies change therefore ensuring that the maximum benefit can be obtained from the customers investment.

In June 2024, VivoPower announced the Australian launch of Tembo's range of 100% electric pickup truck, the Tembo Tusker, marking a significant milestone Tembo's mission to electrify off-road vehicles. This is showcased by the Tusker's sector-leading price, reflecting its advanced design and global partnerships. The Tembo Tusker, a fully electric single and dual cab pickup truck, combines innovation with a sector-leading price from A$74,000 + GST and ORC. With 65Kwh and 77Kwh options, it offers ranges of 330km to 400km on a single charge.

In June 2024, VivoPower announced that its subsidiary, Tembo, has secured a minimum of 200 committed orders from its Original Equipment Manufacturer partner, for its fully electric pick-up utility vehicle, Tembo Tusker, for delivery to customers and partners in Australia and New Zealand by February 2026. The Tembo Tusker range will augment the Tembo conversion programs, increasing choices for Tembo's B2B customer base and target market.

On July 2 and 29, 2024, VivoPower announced that Tembo and CCTS agreed to a one-month extension of their exclusive heads of agreement to July 31, 2024 and August 31, 2024, respectively. These extensions provide additional time to finalize the definitive business combination agreement and the independent fairness opinion related to the proposed transaction.

On August 29, 2024, VivoPower announced that Tembo executed a definitive Business Combination Agreement at a combined enterprise value of $904 million with CCTS. An independent third-party fairness opinion was satisfactorily completed, and the BCA was signed after a four-month period of due diligence.

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In October 2024, Tembo entered a definitive agreement with Sarao Motors, a leading Jeepney manufacturer in the Philippines. The collaboration aims to electrify the country's Jeepney fleet, targeting the estimated $10 billion Philippine Jeepney market. This partnership supports Tembo's strategy to expand into Southeast Asia while contributing to the region's transport decarbonization efforts.

In November 2024, Tembo secured full on-road homologation for its Tembo Tusker electric vehicles in Australia and New Zealand. This approval enables the Tembo Tusker to enter the $10 billion Australasian pick-up truck market, targeting sectors such as mining and infrastructure. The homologation marks a key step in Tembo's strategy to commercialize its ruggedized electric utility vehicles for both on-road and off-road applications.

In December 2024, Tembo announced it will launch its EUV25 ePower conversion kits for Toyota LandCruisers at Automechanika Dubai 2024, one of the largest global automotive trade shows, with an estimated 60,000 attendees from 160 countries. The EUV25 kits are designed for electrifying LandCruisers used in sectors like mining, construction, and safari tourism, further supporting Tembo's strategy to decarbonize off-road fleet vehicles.

In January 2025, VivoPower confirmed that Tembo is on track to fulfill orders and commence deliveries of its Tembo Tuskers electric utility vehicles (EUVs) from Sydney, Australia, in February 2025. The deliveries are part of Tembo's subscription program, targeting mining and industrial fleet operators in Australia. This milestone supports Tembo's commitment to providing ruggedized EV solutions for demanding sectors.

In February 2025, Tembo signed a definitive supply agreement with Asilia Africa, a leading safari operator. The agreement covers the supply of Tembo's electric utility vehicles (EUVs) to support Asilia's sustainable safari operations across East Africa. This deal aligns with Tembo's mission to advance electrification in environmentally sensitive industries and regions.

In March 2025, VivoPower's Tembo signed a Heads of Agreement with Associated Vehicle Assemblers Ltd. (AVA), East Africa's leading vehicle assembler. The agreement sets out terms for assembling Tembo's electric utility vehicles (EUVs) in Kenya, targeting regional markets in East and Southern Africa. This partnership supports Tembo's strategy to localize assembly and distribution while contributing to regional decarbonization efforts.

In April 2025, Tembo signed a Definitive Distribution Agreement worth up to an estimated $85 million with leading Saudi Arabian energy and environmental solutions provider Green Watt to sell and distribute 1,600 Tembo electric utility vehicle (EUV) units across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over the next five years. That same month, Tembo secured an inaugural EV conversion kit order from The Safari Collection in Kenya, following its February 2025 Asilia Africa order, both of which have been delivered.

In May 2025, VivoPower received a revised non-binding proposal from Energi Holdings for the acquisition of a 51% direct stake in Tembo e-LV. The proposal valued Tembo at an enterprise value of $200 million, reflecting Energi's increased conviction in Tembo's market potential and ongoing strategic discussions.

In June 2025, the company advanced the proposed Tembo transaction following completion of the second phase of Energi Holdings' due diligence. This step reinforced Energi's intent and provided greater visibility on the structure and potential timing of the transaction, which continues to be anchored on the $200 million valuation.

In August 2025, the company confirmed that Tembo remains on track for a $100 million investment from Energi Holdings, at a $200 million enterprise value investment from Energi Holdings, now expected to be executed via a SPAC transaction. This reaffirmation followed further progress on regulatory and transactional preparations, providing additional confidence in the deal's completion.

Revenue earned within the Electric Vehicles segment is comprised of the following activities:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Vehicle spec conversion | 3 |  |  |
| Conversion kits | 50 | 16 | 1394 |
| Accessories |  | - | 70 |
| **Total revenues** | **53** | **16** | **1464** |

---

During the year, supply chain and working capital constraints and ongoing development on PUV conversions limited our ability to scale sales, resulting in minimal revenues.

Over the next twelve months, Tembo anticipates a significant increase in both revenue and costs associated with scaling the Electric Vehicle business, as operations move forward with production of EUV conversion kits, alongside the anticipated sale of Tembo Tusker Electric Utility trucks and electric Jeepneys in response to demand from existing partnerships. The company's transition to a capital-light business model, leveraging a strategic supply chain network across Asia, has removed the need to invest in capital intensive assembly and manufacturing facilities.

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**Critical Power Services**

VivoPower's Critical Power Services business was known as Aevitas. Aevitas was a key player in the manufacture, distribution, installation and servicing of critical energy infrastructure solutions. Its portfolio spans the design, procurement, installation, and upkeep of power and control systems, including those catering to utility and industrial-scale solar farms. Under Aevitas, there were three operating companies, J.A. Martin Electrical, NDT Services and Kenshaw Electrical. J.A. Martin and NDT Services were sold in July 2022 and Kenshaw Electrical was sold in July 2024. VivoPower is completing a restructure of Aevitas given it is now a discontinued operation.

**Sustainable Energy Solutions**

VivoPower's Sustainable Energy Solutions ("SES") segment designs, evaluates, sells, and implements renewable energy infrastructure. This segment complements our electric vehicle offerings, enabling clients to adopt comprehensive decarbonization measures through on-site renewable generation, batteries and microgrids, EV charging stations, emergency backup power solutions and digital twin technology.

Augmenting its Electric Vehicle business, which deploys EUV conversion products and services to fleet owners, VivoPower is also focused on an SES strategy with its core mission being to help corporate customers achieve their decarbonization goals. The SES business delivers full-suite, holistic SES to industrial customers and other large energy users and is comprised of four key elements:

● Critical power "electric-retrofit" of customer's sites to enable optimized EV battery charging, encompassing charging stations, renewables, battery storage and microgrids;

● Digital twin technology;

● EV and battery leasing;

● EV battery reuse and recycling; and

● Change management and training services

Since its establishment in FY21, the SES business has signed several key agreements to complete its offering.

In December 2021, VivoPower executed a Memorandum of Understanding signed with Relectrify, a leading supplier of battery energy storage systems utilizing second-life EV batteries, with the collaboration extended to explore future redeployment of Tembo batteries.

In August 2022, the Company invested in Green Gravity Energy Pty Ltd, an Australian company specializing in energy storage solutions in former mining locations.

In May 2023, VivoPower signed a definitive partnership agreement for VivoPower to market and distribute Vital EV Solutions ("Vital EV") fleet charging solutions globally. Vital EV is a specialist U.K-headquartered company, offering a comprehensive range of electric vehicle charging solutions for fleet owners and is the official re-seller of Kempower charging stations and service solutions in the U.K and across Africa. Kempower, headquartered in Finland, has high-speed EV fleet charging solutions including for off-highway working environment applications. Under the Agreement, VivoPower will be able to offer to its customers and partners a wide range of EV fleet charging products and services from Vital EV and Kempower for an initial term of 3 years. These products include multi-voltage lightweight movable rapid chargers, hub-and-spoke rapid and ultra-rapid charging systems, satellite dispensers as well as conventional station chargers.

In October 2023, VivoPower signed a definitive joint venture agreement with Geminum, a digital twin technology company. This partnership aims to design, test, and implement digital twins for Tembo electric utility vehicles and VivoPower's sustainable energy solutions. The joint venture will enhance VivoPower's capabilities in fleet electrification and decarbonization solutions, providing clients with near real-time analytics and carbon abatement data. This technology will be relevant for the mining sector in particular, to assist in optimizing the total cost of ownership and operational efficiency.

**Solar Development**

VivoPower's portfolio of U.S. solar projects is held in its wholly owned subsidiary, Caret, LLC ("Caret").

This segment has historically been characterized as the Solar Development segment and encompassed the Company's solar development activities in the U.S. and Australia. The Company no longer has solar development activities in Australia following the sale of its interests in solar farm projects in FY21.

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VivoPower's historic strategy in relation to solar development has been to minimize capital intensity and maximize return on invested capital by pursuing a business model predicated on developing and selling projects prior to construction and continually recycling capital rather than owning assets. The stages of solar development can be broadly characterized as: (i) early stage; (ii) mid-stage; (iii) advanced stage; (iv) construction; and (v) operation. Our business model has been to work through the development process from early stage through to advanced stage, and then sell those projects that have completed the advanced stage of development, also known as "shovel-ready" projects, to investors who will finance construction and ultimately own and operate the project.

In July 2021, VivoPower announced the formation of Caret.

In October 2023, VivoPower announced that its board approved a plan to spin off the majority of its Caret business unit's portfolio, initially comprising up to ten solar projects totaling 586 MW-DC. This plan excluded two projects that were committed to a potential collaboration under a term sheet. VivoPower shareholders had approved this spin-off during the November 2022 Annual General Meeting (AGM), marking a pivotal step in realigning the company's renewable energy strategy.

In November 2024, VivoPower's Caret Digital announced plans to develop up to 55MW of its solar farm portfolio for digital asset mining, including Dogecoin and Litecoin. The initiative is expected to leverage renewable energy from these solar farms and could potentially generate up to $150 million in revenues, contributing to the company's goal of building sustainable crypto-mining operations.

In December 2024, VivoPower's Caret Digital announced the activation of its Dogecoin mining operations as part of its broader digital asset strategy. The mining operations will use renewable energy sources and support Caret Digital's goal of generating additional free cash flow and diversifying revenue streams. This marks the company's entry into active crypto mining with a focus on sustainable practices.

In December 2024, VivoPower's Caret Digital secured an asset-backed financing facility to acquire up to 1,000 Antminer L9 mining rigs. This move is aimed at accelerating Dogecoin mining revenues and enhancing free cash flow generation. The facility will allow Caret Digital to scale its crypto-mining operations while optimizing capital efficiency.

In January 2025, VivoPower's Caret Digital secured a CAD$140 million binding investment commitment from GEM Global Yield (GGY). The investment is structured as a share subscription facility, providing Caret Digital with capital flexibility to support its business expansion, including upcoming acquisitions and product development in the digital solutions space.

In March 2025, VivoPower announced its intent to spin off Caret Digital via a direct listing on Nasdaq, accompanied by a dividend share distribution to existing VivoPower shareholders. The spin-off is designed to unlock value and provide direct exposure to Caret Digital's growing digital asset and AI-focused businesses. The dividend distribution will be made to all eligible VVPR shareholders as of a future record date, which will be announced closer to the listing.

On June 16, 2025, the company announced that it had engaged advisors to fast-track the planned spin-off of its subsidiary, Caret Digital, through a direct NASDAQ IPO at a target market capitalization of $308 million. As part of the transaction, Caret Digital intends to raise up to $50 million from strategic investors in the Middle East and Asia to support its growth plans.

In FY25, Caret has impaired the last solar project, TX341, with a capacity of 26 MW-DC. This reflects a targeted approach to resource allocation, with a focus on digital asset mining at hosted facilities and also outside the United States in jurisdictions with cheaper power and without the impact of tariffs. Caret will continue to reassess its portfolio in the coming year, with the potential to reactivate impaired sites or add new projects based on market conditions and strategic priorities.

Revenue earned within Caret is comprised of the segment Digital Assets:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Digital revenue |  | 8 |  | 0 |  |

---

**JOBS Act**

In previous reporting periods, the Company met the requirements under the JOBS Act as an "emerging growth company" to not (i) provide an auditor's attestation report on its system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ("SOX"), (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor's report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), or (iv) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of our chief executive officer's compensation to median employee compensation. Although the Company no longer qualifies as an "emerging growth company," it still qualifies as a non-accelerated filer and, therefore, is exempt from the requirement to provide an auditor's attestation report on its system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of SOX.

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**C. Organizational Structure**

VivoPower has 26 subsidiaries (collectively with VivoPower, "the Group"). The following list shows the Company's shareholdings in subsidiaries owned directly and indirectly as at June 30, 2025.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **No.** | **Subsidiaries** | **Incorporated** | **% Owned** | **Purpose** |
| 1 | VivoPower International Services Limited | Jersey | 100% | Operating company |
| 2 | VivoPower USA, LLC | United States | 100% | Holding company |
| 3 | VivoPower US-NC-31, LLC | United States | 100% | Dormant |
| 4 | VivoPower US-NC-47, LLC | United States | 100% | Dormant |
| 5 | VivoPower (USA) Development, LLC | United States | 100% | Holding company |
| 6 | Caret, LLC (formerly Innovative Solar Ventures I, LLC) | United States | 100% | Operating company |
| 7 | Caret Decimal, LLC | United States | 100% | Operating company |
| 8 | VIWR AU Pty Ltd (formerly VivoPower Pty Ltd) | Australia | 100% | Holding company |
| 9 | Aevitas O Holdings Pty Ltd | Australia | 100% | Holding company |
| 10 | Aevitas Group Limited | Australia | 100% | Holding company |
| 11 | Aevitas Holdings Pty Ltd | Australia | 100% | Holding company |
| 12 | Electrical Engineering Group Pty Limited | Australia | 100% | Holding company |
| 13 | KESW EL Pty Ltd (formerly Kenshaw Electrical Pty Ltd) | Australia | 100% | Operating company |
| 14 | Kenshaw Solar Pty Ltd (formerly J.A. Martin Electrical Pty Ltd) | Australia | 100% | Operating Company |
| 15 | Tembo EV Pty Ltd | Australia | 100% | Operating Company |
| 16 | Tembo Technologies Pty Ltd (formerly Tembo EV Australia Pty Ltd) | Australia | 100% | Operating company |
| 17 | TemboDrive Pty Ltd | Australia | 100% | Operating company |
| 18 | VivoPower Philippines Inc. | Philippines | 64% | Dormant |
| 19 | VivoPower RE Solutions Inc. | Philippines | 64% | Dormant |
| 20 | V.V.P. Holdings Inc | Philippines | 40% | Dormant |
| 21 | Tembo e-LV B.V. | Netherlands | 100% | Holding company |
| 22 | Tembo 4x4 e-LV B.V. | Netherlands | 100% | Operating company |
| 23 | FD 4x4 Centre B.V. | Netherlands | 100% | Operating company |
| 24 | Tembo Group B.V. (formerly Tembo EUV Solutions B.V) | Netherlands | 100% | Holding company |
| 25 | Tembo EUV Solutions FZCO | United Arab Emirates | 100% | Holding company |
| 26 | Tembo EUV Investment Corporation Ltd | Cayman Islands | 100% | Holding company |

---

Notwithstanding 40% ownership by the Company, V.V.P. Holdings Inc is under the control of VIWR AU Pty Ltd (formerly VivoPower Pty Ltd), and therefore is consolidated into the group financial statements of VivoPower International PLC.

**D. Property, Plant and Equipment**

Our corporate headquarters is located in London, United Kingdom.

All our facilities are leased, and we do not own any real property. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our current needs and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available as needed to accommodate planned expansion of our operations. Leased real property as at June 30, 2025 is as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Company** | **Office Location** | **Purpose** |
| Tembo EV Pty Ltd | Brisbane, Australia | EV Sales |
| Tembo 4x4 e-LV B.V.\* | Eindhoven, Netherlands | Head office, workshop, service |
| VivoPower International PLC | London, United Kingdom | Corporate office |
| \* vacated in July 2024 with relocation to new premises |  |  |

---

The Company has $1.5 million invested in property, plant, and equipment at June 30, 2025 (June 30, 2024: $0.4 million; June 30, 2023 $3.7 million). This includes plant and equipment of $0.1 million (June 30, 2024: $0.1 million; June 30, 2023: $1 million), motor vehicles of $1.1 million (June 30, 2024: $0.3 million; June 30, 2023: $0.2 million), computer equipment, fittings and equipment of $0.04 million (June 30, 2024: $0.0 million; June 30, 2023: $0.3 million), and right-of-use assets of $0.2 million (June 30, 2024: nil; June 30, 2023: $2.3 million), representing leases for property and motor vehicles.

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**ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS**

None.

**ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS**

*The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of numerous factors, including, but not limited to, the risks discussed in this Annual Report in* "*Item 3. Key Information - D. Risk Factors*" *or in other parts of this Annual Report. Our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report are prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and are presented in U.S. dollars.*

*Note, results reported in years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 have been adjusted to exclude the results of Kenshaw Electrical and shown as a single line item in the income statement after profit after tax. Details of results for discontinued operations are included in Note 20 to the financial statements.*

**A. Operating Results**

**Overview**

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| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| | **2025** | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** | **2023** | **2023** | **2023** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **Continuing** | **Discontinued** | **Total** | **Continuing** | **Discontinued** | **Total** | **Continuing** | **Discontinued** | **Total** |
| Revenue from contracts with customers | 61 |  | 61 | 16 | 11811 | 11827 | 4055 | 11005 | 15060 |
| Cost of sales | (50) |  | (50) | 27 | (10268) | (10241) | (4294) | (9178) | (13472) |
| Cost of sales - non-recurring events | - | - | - | - | - | - | (3850) | - | (3850) |
| **Gross profit** | **11** | **-** | **11** | **43** | **1543** | **1586** | **(4089)** | **1827** | **(2262)** |
| General and administrative expenses | (8233) |  | (8233) | (7521) | (1228) | (8749) | (6425) | (1195) | (7620) |
| Other gains/(losses) | 16 | 1648 | 1664 | 89 | 4 | 93 | 31 | (4208) | (4177) |
| Other income |  |  |  |  | 99 | 99 | 82 | 37 | 119 |
| Depreciation of property and equipment | (157) |  | (157) | (746) |  | (746) | (508) | (242) | (750) |
| Amortization of intangible assets | (360) |  | (360) | (384) | (439) | (823) | (831) | - | (831) |
| **Operating (loss)/profit** | **(8723)** | **1648** | **(7075)** | **(8519)** | **(21)** | **(8540)** | **(11740)** | **(3781)** | **(15521)** |
| Restructuring and other non-recurring costs | (412) |  | (412) | (1392) | 2 | (1390) | (1662) | (1) | (1663) |
| Impairment losses | (2531) |  | (2531) | (29686) | (552) | (30238) | (421) |  | (421) |
| Finance income | 3568 |  | 3568 | 1396 | 17 | 1413 | 1156 |  | 1156 |
| Finance expense | (7033) | - | (7033) | (6015) | (327) | (6342) | (6839) | (527) | (7366) |
| **Loss before income tax** | **(15131)** | **1648** | **(13483)** | **(44216)** | **(881)** | **(45097)** | **(19506)** | **(4309)** | **(23815)** |
| Income tax | 691 | - | 691 | (1603) | - | (1603) | (559) | 19 | (540) |
| **Loss for the period** | **(14440)** | **1648** | **(12792)** | **(45819)** | **(881)** | **(46700)** | **(20065)** | **(4290)** | **(24355)** |
| **Adjusted EBITDA** | **(8214)** | **1648** | **(6566)** | **(7389)** | **418** | **(6971)** | **(6403)** | **(3539)** | **(9942** |

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Management analyzes our business in five reportable segments: Electric Vehicles, Sustainable Energy Solutions, Solar Development, Digital Assets and Corporate Office.

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During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Group (including discontinued operations) generated total revenue of $0.06 million, gross profit of $0.01 million, operating loss of $7.1 million and a net loss of $12.8 million. Of these amounts, continuing operations of the Group generated revenue of $0.06 million, gross profit of $0.01 million, operating loss of $8.7 million and a net loss of $14.4 million. During the year ended June 30, 2024, the Group (including discontinued operations) generated total revenue of $11.8 million, gross profit of $1.6 million, operating loss of $8.5 million and a net loss of $46.7 million. Of these amounts, continuing operations of the Group generated revenue of $0.02 million, gross profit of $0.04 million, operating loss of $8.5 million and a net loss of $45.8 million.

Adjusted EBITDA (including discontinued operations) for the year ended June 30, 2025 was a loss of $6.6 million, compared to a loss of $7.0 million for the previous year. Adjusted EBITDA for continuing operations was a loss of $8.2 million, compared to a loss of $7.4 million for the previous year. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-IFRS financial measure. We define Adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, impairment of assets, impairment of goodwill, other finance income and expenses, one-off non-recurring costs including restructuring expenses and non-cash equity remuneration.

The results for the year ended 30 June 2025 reflect the completion of the divestment of discontinued operations and a strategic focus on scaling up the Electric Vehicle business, alongside the initiation of the Company's new Digital Asset strategy. These initiatives mark a significant repositioning of the Group toward high-growth, technology-driven segments aimed at enhancing long-term profitability.

Revenue in Critical Power Services (including discontinued operations) declined by $11.8 million to nil during the year. Kenshaw Electrical, which was classified as a discontinued operation in the prior year, was sold in July 2024 to ARA Group Limited for a consideration of approximately A$1.2 million. This sale aligns with VivoPower's strategy to exit businesses exposed to structural labor law challenges in Australia and redeploy time and capital into its high-growth businesses, particularly the Electric Vehicle (EV) business unit.

On a continuing operations basis, the Electric Vehicle segment generated $53 thousand in revenue for the year ended 30 June 2025 (year ended 30 June 2024: $16 thousand), primarily from EV conversion kits, with most activity concentrated on product development. In addition, the Digital Assets segment contributed $8 thousand in revenue in FY2025 (year ended 30 June 2024: nil), primarily relating to digital asset mining activities under Caret.

Gross profit (including discontinued operations) declined by $1.5 million to a gross profit of $11 thousand. On a continuing basis, gross profit decreased by $32 thousand to a gross profit of $11 thousand. In percentage terms, gross margin from continuing operations declined from 269% to 18% (18% including discontinued operations).

The results for the year ended June 30, 2025 reflect an increase in general and administrative expenses related to continuing operations, which rose by approximately $0.7 million to $8.2 million (year ended June 30, 2024: $7.5 million). The increase was primarily driven by a $1.7 million rise in professional fees (principally legal fees relating to strategic initiatives and capital raising activities) and a $0.8 million increase in marketing and public relations expenses, partially offset by a $1.0 million reduction in salaries and benefits and a $0.8 million decrease in IT licensing and support costs. Other cost categories, including insurance, travel, and office expenses, remained relatively consistent year over year.

The results of continuing operations for the year ended June 30, 2025 include $2.9 million restructuring and other non-recurring costs and impairment costs primarily due to impairment of intangibles, property, plant & equipment and write offs of assets.

Net finance costs from continuing operations totaled $3.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2025. Finance expenses amounted to $7.0 million, comprising $4.5 million of interest on related party loans, $0.4 million in non-cash finance costs associated with convertible warrants, $0.3 million in interest on preference shares, and $1.8 million from other items including lease liabilities, bank interest, foreign exchange losses, and other finance charges. Finance income totaled $3.6 million, primarily consisting of $3.6 million in foreign exchange gains and $8 thousand in interest income.

As at June 30, 2025, the Group's current assets were $74.6 million (as at June 30, 2024: $17.7 million; June 30, 2023: $10.4 million) representing an increase from June 30, 2024, mostly due to increase in Trade and Other Receivables. Current assets also comprised of $0.1 million of cash and cash equivalents (as at June 30, 2024: $0.2 million; June 30, 2023: $0.6 million), $0.2 million of restricted cash (as at June 30, 2024: $0.3 million; June 30, 2023: $0.6 million), $73.2 million of trade and other receivables (as at June 30, 2024: $10.0 million; June 30, 2023: $7.1 million), $1.2 million of inventory (as at June 30, 2024: $1.6 million; June 30, 2023: $1.5 million), and $5 thousand of digital assets.

Current liabilities were $55.3 million as of June 30, 2025 (as at June 30, 2024: $54.1 million; June 30, 2023: $18.9 million). The increase from prior year reflects an increase in Loans and Borrowings and Trade and Other Payables. At June 30, 2025, current liabilities include Trade and Other Payables of $39.8 million (as at June 30, 2024, $37.9 million; June 30, 2023: $14.6 million), Kenshaw's Liabilities held for sale amounting to nil (as at June 30, 2024; $5.5 million; June 30, 2023: nil), Loans and Borrowing amounting to $12.2 million (as at June 30, 2024, $8.2 million; June 30, 2023: $2.4 million), income tax liabilities amounting to $0.2 million (as at June 30, 2024, $0.3 million; June 30, 2023: $0.2 million) and provisions amounting to $3.0 million (as at June 30, 2024, $2.2 million; June 30, 2023: $1.8 million).

Current asset-to-liability ratio as at June 30, 2024 was 1.35:1 (as at June 30, 2024: 0.33:1; June 30, 2023: 0.55:1)

As at June 30, 2025, the Company had net assets/(liabilities) of $20.1 million (as at June 30, 2024: ($40.5) million; June 30, 2023: $3.7 million), including intangible assets of $16.7 million (as at June 30, 2024: $15.2 million; June 30, 2023: $42.2 million). Property, plant and equipment increased to $1.5 million as at June 30, 2025 (as at June 30, 2024, $0.4 million; June 30, 2023: $3.7 million).

Cash outflow for the year ended June 30, 2025, was $0.1 million, arising from cash used in operating activities of $5.7 million, cash outflow from investing activities of $3.2 million and cash inflow from financing activities of $8.8 million. On June 30, 2025, the Company had cash reserves of $0.1 million (June 30, 2024: $0.2 million; June 30, 2023: $0.6 million) and debt of $29.2 million (June 30, 2024: $29.1 million; June 30, 2023: $32.4; million), giving a net debt position of $29.1 million (June 30, 2024: $28.9 million; June 30, 2023: $31.8 million).

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Net cash outflow from investing activities of $3.2 million in the year ended June 30, 2025 comprised of $1.0 million cash outflow from the purchase of property, plant and equipment, and a $2.2 million net cash outflow attributable to additional investment in Tembo.

Cash generated from financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2025, was $8.8 million. This comprised $8.9 million proceeds from capital raises net of capital raise costs, and $0.1 million transfer from restricted cash. This is partly offset by $0.1 million repayments of other financings and borrowings.

**<u>Year Ended June 30, 2025, Compared to Years Ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023</u>**

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| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | | |
| <br>**Year Ended June 30, 2025**<br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **Critical Power**<br>**Services** | **Solar**<br>**Development** | **Electric**<br>**Vehicles** | **Sustainable Energy**<br>**Solutions** | **Corporate**<br>**Office** | **Digital**<br>**Assets** | **Total**<br>**Continuing** | **Discontinued operations**<br>**Critical Power**<br>**Services** |<br>**Total** |
| Revenue from contracts with customers |  |  | 53 |  |  | 8 | 61 |  | 61 |
| Costs of sales - other |  |  | (50) |  |  |  | (50) |  | (50) |
| Cost of sales - non-recurring events | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| **Gross profit** | **-** | **-** | **3** | **-** | **-** | **8** | **11** | **-** | **11** |
| General and administrative expenses | (8) | (7) | (1759) | 37 | (6496) |  | (8233) |  | (8233) |
| Other gains |  |  |  | 16 |  |  | 16 | 1648 | 1664 |
| Other income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Depreciation and amortization | - | - | (509) | (3) | (1) | (4) | (517) | - | (517) |
| **Operating loss** | **(8)** | **(7)** | **(2265)** | **50** | **(6497)** | **4** | **(8723)** | **1648** | **(7075)** |
| Restructuring and other non-recurring costs | (1185) |  | (176) | 2072 | (1123) |  | (412) |  | (412) |
| Impairment costs |  | (1549) | (982) |  |  |  | (2531) |  | (2531) |
| Finance expense - net | (175) | - | 1466 | (39) | (4717) | - | (3465) | - | (3465) |
| **Profit/(loss) before income tax** | **(1368)** | **(1556)** | **(1957)** | **2083** | **(12337)** | **4** | **(15131)** | **1648** | **(13483)** |
| Income tax | - | - | 552 | - | 139 | - | 691 | - | 691 |
| **Loss for the year** | **(1368)** | **(1556)** | **(1405)** | **2083** | **(12198)** | **4** | **(14440)** | **1648** | **(12792)** |

---

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | | |
| <br>**Year Ended June 30, 2024**<br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **Critical Power**<br>**Services** | **Solar**<br>**Development** | **Electric**<br>**Vehicles** | **Sustainable Energy**<br>**Solutions** | **Corporate**<br>**Office** | **Total**<br>**Continuing** | **Discontinued operations**<br>**Critical Power**<br>**Services** |<br>**Total** |
| Revenue from contracts with customers |  |  | 16 |  |  | 16 | 11811 | 11827 |
| Costs of sales - other | (52) |  | 102 | (23) |  | 27 | (10268) | (10241) |
| Cost of sales - non-recurring events | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| **Gross profit** | **(52)** | **-** | **118** | **(23)** | **-** | **43** | **1543** | **1586** |
| General and administrative expenses | (53) | (344) | (1794) | (324) | (5006) | (7521) | (1228) | (8749) |
| Other gains | 47 |  | 10 | 32 |  | 89 | 4 | 93 |
| Other income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 99 | 99 |
| Depreciation and amortization | (448) | - | (671) | (3) | (8) | (1130) | (439) | (1569) |
| **Operating loss** | **(506)** | **(344)** | **(2337)** | **(318)** | **(5014)** | **(8519)** | **(21)** | **(8540)** |
| Restructuring and other non-recurring costs |  |  |  |  | (1392) | (1392) | 2 | (1390) |
| Impairment losses | 48315 | (11187) | (366) | 10877 | (77325) | (29686) | (552) | (30238) |
| Finance expense - net | (3741) | (2) | (2726) | (68) | 1918 | (4619) | (310) | (4929) |
| **Profit/(loss) before income tax** | **44068** | **(11533)** | **(5429)** | **10491** | **(81813)** | **(44216)** | **(881)** | **(45097)** |
| Income tax | (797) | - | 277 | (1083) | - | (1603) | - | (1603) |
| **Loss for the year** | **43271** | **(11533)** | **(5152)** | **9408** | **(81813)** | **(45819)** | **(881)** | **(46700)** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | | |
| <br>**Year Ended June 30, 2023**<br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **Critical Power**<br>**Services** | **Solar**<br>**Development** | **Electric**<br>**Vehicles** | **Sustainable Energy**<br>**Solutions** | **Corporate**<br>**Office** | **Total**<br>**Continuing** | **Discontinued operations**<br>**Critical Power**<br>**Services** |<br>**Total** |
| Revenue from contracts with customers | 2591 | - | 1464 |  |  | 4055 | 11005 | 15060 |
| Costs of sales - other | (2722) |  | (1572) |  |  | (4294) | (9178) | (13472) |
| Cost of sales - non-recurring events | (3850) | - | - | - | - | (3850) | - | (3850) |
| **Gross profit** | **(3981)** | **-** | **(108)** | **-** | **-** | **(4089)** | **1827** | **(2262)** |
| General and administrative expenses | (195) | (297) | (1005) | (367) | (4561) | (6425) | (1195) | (7620) |
| Gain/(loss) on solar development | 1 |  |  | 30 |  | 31 | (4208) | (4177) |
| Other income | 13 | 69 |  |  |  | 82 | 37 | 119 |
| Depreciation and amortization | (653) | - | (673) | (3) | (10) | (1339) | (242) | (1581) |
| **Operating loss** | **(4815)** | **(228)** | **(1786)** | **(340)** | **(4571)** | **(11740)** | **(3781)** | **(15521)** |
| Restructuring and other non-recurring costs |  |  | 200 |  | (1862) | (1662) | (1) | (1663) |
| Impairment losses |  |  | 414 |  | 7 | 421 |  | 421 |
| Finance expense - net | (6314) | (34) | 936 | (50) | (221) | (5683) | (527) | (6210) |
| **Profit/(loss) before income tax** | **(11129)** | **(262)** | **(1064)** | **(390)** | **(6661)** | **(19506)** | **(4309)** | **(23815)** |
| Income tax | (638) | - | (40) | 119 | - | (559) | 19 | (540) |
| **Loss for the year** | **(11767)** | **(262)** | **(1104)** | **(271)** | **(6661)** | **(20065)** | **(4290)** | **(24355)** |

---

**Income Statement from continuing operations**

***Revenue***

Revenue from continuing operations for the year ended June 30, 2025 increased $0.04 million or 281% to $0.06 million, from $0.02 million in the year ended June 30, 2024. Revenue from continuing operations for the year ended June 30, 2024 decreased $4.1 million or 99.6% to $0.02 million, from $4.1 million in the year ended June 30, 2023.

Revenue from continuing operations by product and service is follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Electrical products and related services | $— | $- | $2591 |
| Electric vehicles & related products & services | 53 | 16 | 1464 |
| Digital revenue | 8 |  |  |
| **Total revenue** | $61 | $16 | $4055 |

---

The sale of electrical products, related services and solutions is generated from our Australian-based Critical Power Services businesses and is focused on the design, supply, installation and maintenance of power and control systems. Revenue generated in these operations is recognized in two ways. On smaller projects, revenue is recognized when the project is completed and is invoiced at that time. On larger projects, revenue is recognized on the achievement of specific milestones defined in each individual project. When the milestones and performance obligations are reached, the customer is invoiced, and the revenue is then recognized.

Revenue from continuing operations from electrical products, related services and solutions for the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 amounted nil compared to the $2.6 million earned for the year ended June 30, 2023. This is due to the subsequent sale of Kenshaw, which has now been classified as a discontinued operation.

Revenue from electric vehicles, related products, services and solutions is generated from our Electric Vehicles businesses, Tembo eLV B.V. in the Netherlands, focused on electric vehicle conversion kits, and vehicle ruggedization products. Tembo EV Pty Ltd in Australia, which recently launched the Tembo Tusker; and Tembo Technologies Pty Ltd, which is developing the all-electric Jeepney for the Philippines transport market. Revenue generated in these operations is recognized when the products are delivered to customers. Revenue from electric vehicles and related products and services amounted to $0.05 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 compared to $0.01 million and $1.5 million for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2025, no revenue was recognized on EUV conversion kit development whilst the EUV23 and EUV24 development project advanced towards production. Revenue from vehicle conversions focused on ruggedization of non-EV vehicles totaled $0.02 million for the year ended June 30, 2024, compared to $1.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2023. In FY23, the company benefitted from a substantial ruggedization contract involving 15 vehicles with the Boliden mine in Ireland.

Revenue from continuing operations by geographic location is follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Australia | $53 | $- | $2591 |
| Netherlands |  | 16 | 1464 |
| United States | 8 | - | - |
| **Total revenue** | $**61** | $**16** | $**4055** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

Australian revenue from continuing operations of $0.05 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 compares to nil in the year ended June 30, 2024 and $2.6 million in the year ended June 30, 2023. The decrease is due to the sale of our Australian entity, Kenshaw Electric which has now been classified as a discontinued operation.

Netherlands revenue was nil for the year ended June 30, 2025, $0.02 million for the year ended June 30, 2024 and $1.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2023, representing contribution from the Electric Vehicle business unit, FY23's revenue was driven by Boliden ruggedization contracts during the year. The business remains primarily focused on the development of its core EUV23 and EUV24 conversion kit solution, for which it has already received orders.

United States revenue amounting to $8 thousand is attributable to the digital asset mining activities of Caret Digital during the year.

The Group had two customers representing more than 10% of revenue for the year ended June 30, 2025 (year ended June 30, 2024: one).

***Cost of Sales***

Cost of sales from continuing operations by product or service is as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Electrical products and related services - other | $- | $52 | $2722 |
| Electrical products and related services - extreme weather and COVID 19 disruption |  |  | 3850 |
| Electric vehicles & related products & services | 50 | (102) | 1572 |
| Other revenue | - | 23 | - |
| **Total cost of sales** | $50 | $(27) | $8144 |

---

Total cost of sales from continuing operations was $0.05 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, as compared to negative $0.03 million for the year ended June 30, 2024, and $8.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2023.

Cost of sales related to electrical products and related services consists of material purchases and direct labor costs, motor vehicle expenses and any directly related costs attributable to manufacturing, service, or other costs of sales.

Cost of sales for electrical products and related services for the prior year ended June 30, 2023 included $3.9 million of non-recurring costs resulting from increased costs and delays on Aevitas Solar's Edenvale project due to unprecedented high levels of rainfall (both in terms of frequency and amount versus historical averages) across Queensland in FY23. The rainfall damaged many of the trenches dug across the 6km interconnection works, which led to significant delays in completion of the project and required additional labor and material costs to fix and then complete the project within the project deadline. The foregoing events are not expected to repeat due to their unprecedented nature and so the Company has categorized such related costs as non-recurring.

Other cost of sales related to electrical products and related services was nil for the year ended June 30, 2025, as compared to $0.05 million for the year ended June 30, 2024 and $2.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2023.

Cost of sales related to electric vehicles and related products consists of material purchases and direct labor costs and any other costs directly attributable to assembly. Cost of sales related to electric vehicles and related products were $0.05 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, ($0.1) million for the year ended June 30, 2024 and $1.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2023. The cost of sales was a credit amount on account of provision reversals on inventory.

Cost of sales on other revenue amounted to nil and $0.03 million for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

***Gross Profit***

Gross profit from continuing operations by product and service is as follows:

***Gross profit/(loss) by product or service is as follows:***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Electrical products and related services | $- | $(52) | $(3981) |
| Electric vehicles & related products & services | 3 | 118 | (108) |
| Digital revenue | 8 | (23) | - |
| **Total gross (loss)/profit** | $11 | $43 | $(4089) |

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

For the year ended June 30, 2025, gross (loss)/ profit from continuing operations is equal to revenue less cost of sales and totaled a profit of $0.01 million in comparison to the profit of $0.04 million for the year ended June 30, 2024, and a loss of $4.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2023. In percentage terms, gross margins from continuing operations decreased from 269% in the prior year, to 18% in FY25.

The gross (loss)/profit from electrical products and related services (the Critical Power Services business) was nil for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to the loss of $0.05 million in the prior year.

The Electric Vehicle business generated a gross profit of $3 thousand in the year ended June 30, 2025, (June 30, 2024, profit of $0.1 million).

***General and Administrative Expenses***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Salaries and benefits | $2223 | $3200 | $2416 |
| Professional fees | 3989 | 2240 | 2317 |
| Insurance | 320 | 405 | 526 |
| Travel | 129 | 169 | 145 |
| IT licensing and support | 387 | 1201 | 633 |
| Marketing and public relations | 858 | 66 | 162 |
| Office and other expenses | 327 | 240 | 226 |
| **Total general and administrative expenses** | $**8233** | $**7521** | $**6425** |

---

General and administrative expenses from continuing operations increased by $0.7 million to $8.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to $7.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2024. These expenses consist primarily of operational expenses, such as those related to employee salaries and benefits, professional fees, insurance, travel, IT, marketing, office and other expenses, as well as vesting at grant date share price of non-cash equity incentive costs of share awards previously granted under the Company's Omnibus Incentive Plan, in accordance with IFRS 2 Share-based Payments.

Salaries and benefits were $2.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, (year ended June 30, 2024, $3.2 million), accounting for 27% of total general and administrative expenses, (year ended June 30, 2024, 43%).

Professional fees of $4.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 or 48% of total general and administrative expenses (year ended June 30, 2024, $2.2 million, 30%), were comprised of audit and accounting fees, consulting fees to support business development and legal fees.

Insurance expense of $0.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 was marginally lower than the $0.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2024.

IT licensing and support expenses represent the costs of accounting, operations, email and office, file storage, and security software products and licenses. IT expenses decreased by $0.8 million to $0.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2025.

Marketing expenses include promotional advertisements, trade shows and marketing service agreements. Marketing costs of $0.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 increased significantly compared to the prior year expense $0.1 million.

Office and other expenses include office and meeting space rental, communication, bank fees and general office administrative costs. Office and other expenses of $0.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 increased marginally in the year.

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

***Discontinued operations***

On July 2, 2024, Kenshaw Electrical was sold for $0.8 million (AU$1.2 million) net consideration.

***Other Income***

There was nil of other income from continuing operations in the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 which compares to $0.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2023. Other Income in FY23 mainly related to COVID-19 grants and subsidies in Critical Power Services in Australia.

***Depreciation and amortization***

Depreciation is charged on property, plant and equipment on a straight-line basis and is charged in the month of addition. We depreciate the following class of assets at differing rates, dependent on their estimated useful lives. The net book value of assets held as of the period ended June 30, 2025 was $1.5 million (June 30, 2024: $0.4 million; June 30, 2023: $3.7 million).

Depreciation and amortization charges from continuing operations were $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, compared to $0.7 million and $0.4 million in the prior fiscal year. Amortization costs for the year relate to the amortization of intangible assets generated on the acquisition of Tembo in November 2020.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Tangible asset** | **Estimated useful life<br> (in years)** |
| Computer equipment | 3 |
| Fixtures and fittings | 3 to 20 |
| Motor vehicles | 5 |
| Plant and equipment | 3.5 to 10 |
| Right-of-use assets | Remaining useful life |

---

Amortization costs relate to the amortization of intangible assets generated on the acquisition of:

● VivoPower Australia and Aevitas - customer relationships and trade names

● Caret - solar project development expenditure

● Tembo - customer relationships and trade names

The intangible assets identified above, and their estimated useful life is provided in the table below:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Identifiable intangible asset** | **Estimated<br> useful life<br> (in years)** | **Estimated<br> useful life<br> (in years)** |
| Development expenditure |  | 5 to 10 |
| Customer relationships |  | 10 |
| Trade names |  | 15 to 25 |
| Favorable supply contracts |  | 15 |
| Other |  | 5 |

---

Under IFRS, intangible assets and goodwill are subject to an annual impairment review. Impairment of goodwill and intangibles amounted to $1.6 million during the year. This impairment includes fully impairing all solar projects that were abandoned, and the remaining site, TX341, is likewise at risk of abandonment. The company used a valuation matrix of $80,000 per MW-DC, derived from the term sheet received from a potential joint venture partner in September 2023, to assess the value of these active sites.

An impairment review tests the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit that gave rise to the intangible asset or goodwill in order to determine the existence or extent of any impairment loss. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and the value in use to the Group. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount. In determining a cash-generating unit's or asset's value in use, estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time-value of money and risks specific to the cash-generating unit or asset that have not already been included in the estimate of future cash flows. All impairment losses are recognized in the Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

The Group conducts impairment tests on the carrying value of goodwill and intangibles annually, or more frequently if there are any indications that goodwill might be impaired. The recoverable amount of the Cash Generating Unit ("CGU") to which goodwill has been allocated is determined from value in use calculations. The key assumptions in the calculations are the discount rates applied, expected operating margin levels and long-term growth rates. Management estimates discount rates that reflect the current market assessments, while margins and growth rates are based upon approved budgets and related projections.

The Group prepares cash flow forecasts using the approved budgets for the coming fiscal year and management projections for the following two years. Cash flows are also projected for subsequent years as management believes that the investment is held for the long term. These budgets and projections reflect management's view of the expected market conditions and the position of the CGU's products and services within those markets.

Following the sale of Kenshaw Electric on July 2, 2024, the CGU represented by Aevitas (being Critical Power Services) was written off as no longer capable of being recovered from ongoing operations.

With the sale of Kenshaw and the writing off of all goodwill and intangibles, it was then required to affect a similar write off of the goodwill and intangibles held by VIWR AU Pty Ltd, formerly VivoPower Pty Ltd (VIWR AU) as also no longer being capable of being recovered. On July 5th following a detailed internal review of VIWR AU it was decided to place it into Voluntary Administration, hence requiring the final write off of all VIWR AU's goodwill and intangibles held in other subsidiaries. This review considered VIWR AU's ability to generate sufficient revenues, which traditionally have been from Management Fees charges to the businesses of Kenshaw Electric and Kenshaw Solar. With both of these entities now disposed of the income from their Management Fees is no longer available.

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

The intangibles represented by Tembo e-LV and its subsidiaries was assessed to have a value in excess of its carrying value. Key assumptions used in the assessment of impairment were a discount rate based on the weighted average cost of capital of 12.1% (June 30, 2024: 13.7%, June 30, 2022: 12%) and an EBITDA compound average annual growth rate (CAGR) of 115% over the next 5 years. We have conducted a discounted cashflow for the impairment testing model; we have not included the terminal value in our analysis. Growth rates reflect the commencement of sales of the Tembo Tusker, electric Jeepneys, and conversion kits over the five-year period. This is underpinned by customer demand pursuant to sales agreements, including over 15,000 units of conversion kits, with major international distribution partners such as Bodiz Automotive LLC (Mongolia), GHH Mining Machines (now owned by Komatsu), Fourche Maline Energy Ltd (Ghana), Associated Vehicle Assemblers (AVA Kenya), Green Watt (KSA), Al Taif (UAE) Ulti Mech (Australia), and Sarao Motors (Philippines).

We conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of changes in key assumptions on the impairment testing for Tembo. As part of this, a sensitivity table was prepared using discount rates (WACC) of up to 20%. The results demonstrated that, under these adjusted assumptions, no impairment would be required. The analysis further indicated that impairment would only arise if the WACC were to exceed 60%.

In reviewing past performance and lack of Revenues, we have analyzed the following;

● Supply Chain issues relating to limited cash flows to procure components

● Staffing issues relating to the changing nature of our R&D activities

● Moving from Design to Test and potential rework

● Customer appetite to place orders and commit

Customer acceptance of our revised Terms of Trade. Now aligned with what other EV Conversion Kits suppliers are requiring;

● Supplier's capability to deliver the volumes we believe we can sell

● Tembo's ability to train and support the early adopters of our kits

For the solar projects that were discontinued during the year, their carrying values were fully impaired in line with accounting standards, as their expected recoverable amounts were determined to be nil. The impairment was recognized to reflect the abandonment of these sites and the absence of a viable pathway for development or monetization in their current state.

***Restructuring and Other Non-Recurring Costs***

Restructuring and other non-recurring costs by nature are one-time incurrences, and therefore, do not represent normal trading activities of the business. These costs are disclosed separately in order to draw them to the attention of the reader of financial information and enable comparability in future periods.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Corporate restructuring - legal and other fees | $176 | $- | $200 |
| Corporate restructuring - litigation provision | 596 |  |  |
| Fiscal provision | 154 | 1389 | 1768 |
| Remediation costs |  |  | (361) |
| Acquisition related costs |  | 3 | 55 |
| Gain on effectuation of DOCA | (514) |  |  |
| **Total restructuring costs** | $**412** | $**1392** | $**1662** |

---

For the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company has setup a provision relating to the ongoing dispute with a prior client, Accès Industriel in Canada for the settlement of $596,000 which they initially paid as part of the sales contracts for Tembo EUV conversions under previous Tembo management. Additionally, during the year, provisions were also made relating to payroll tax for Tembo amounting to $0.1 million. For the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company incurred a net gain of $0.5 million on the effectuation of the Deed of Company Arrangement for the subsidiary VIWR AU Pty Ltd, arising from writing off related party loans and receivables, as well as $0.2 million non-recurring costs primarily related to fiscal provisions, including VAT Liability to the HMRC in the UK (June 30, 2024: $1.4 million; June 30, 2023: $1.8 million). For the year ended June 30, 2023, restructuring costs include restructuring activities of $0.2 million, and a $0.4 million release of remediation provision.

***Finance Income and Expense***

Finance income reported was $3.6 million, $1.4 million, and $1.2 million for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 and 2023.

In the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company incurred net finance costs of $3.5 million, consisting of $4.5 million interest on related party loans, $0.4 million of convertible warrants, $0.6 million combined expense from interest on leases, preference shares and interest on other debt offset by $2.0 million net foreign exchange gains. Finance expense of $4.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2024 consists primarily of interest expense associated with the interest payable on outstanding related party loans with AWN of $4.6 million, $0.9 million combined expense from interest on leases, preference shares and interest on other debt offset by foreign exchange gains of $1.4 million.

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

The components of net finance expense from continuing operations are as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Shareholder loan | $4532 | $4637 | $3801 |
| Convertible warrants | 413 |  |  |
| Preference shares interest | 298 | 267 | 204 |
| Interest on leases | 4 | 13 | 15 |
| Other finance costs | 253 | 630 | 273 |
| Foreign exchange | (2035) | (928) | 1391 |
| **Total net finance expenses** | $**3465** | $**4619** | $**5684** |

---

Foreign exchange gain/losses consist primarily of foreign exchange fluctuations related to short-term intercompany accounts and foreign currency exchange gains and losses related to transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency for each of our subsidiaries. We expect our foreign currency exchange gains and losses to continue to fluctuate in the future as foreign currency exchange rates change. The Group's investments in overseas subsidiaries are not hedged as those currency positions are either USD denominated and/or considered to be long-term in nature. AWN loans of $28.8 million are mostly denominated in USD, upon which there is minimal foreign currency risk.

*Income Tax*

We are subject to income tax for the year ended June 30, 2025 at rates of 19% to 25%, 21%, 25% to 30%, and 19% to 25.8% in the U.K., the U.S., Australia and the Netherlands respectively. We use estimates in determining our provision for income taxes. We account for income taxes in accordance with IFRS Standard IAS 12 Income Taxes, using an asset and liability approach that requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their respective tax basis, and for net operating loss and tax credits.

**Key Factors Affecting Our Performance**

We believe that the growth of our business and our future success are dependent upon a number of key factors, including the following:

***Market demand for our products and services***. Our business and revenues depend on the demand for our products and services. The market demand for electric vehicles, critical power services, sustainable energy solutions and solar development projects is heavily influenced by a range of factors that include the governmental economic, fiscal, and political polices at both the national and state levels in the U.S., Canada, Australia, Europe, the United Kingdom, the Middle East, Southeast Asia and the rest of the world, as well as global economic and political factors affecting the cost, availability, and desirability of renewable energy, other energy sources. Other external factors such as geopolitical tensions and the outbreak of war may also affect demand for our products and services.

***Competitiveness of our products and services****.* Our products and services need to be competitive in terms of price and quality with competition in each of our markets. Tembo in particular operates in a market that is relatively new, rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, new competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, frequent new vehicle announcements and changing consumer demands and behaviors. In order to stay competitive and relevant, it needs to continuously innovate and invest in product development and new technologies. Our critical power services businesses face pricing pressure in a competitive market and must continually improve cost efficiencies.

***Operational scale up of electric vehicle assembly and delivery capabilities.*** Tembo faces operational risks as a maker of battery-electric ruggedized and off-road vehicles embarking on an exponential scale up of its assembly and delivery capabilities. Growth is dependent on securing appropriate premises and equipment, achieving design and manufacturing process goals, achieving compliance with safety regulations, recruiting and retaining suitably qualified personnel, overcoming any delays and, resolving any supply chain shortages, to be able to deliver the volume and quality of products required to meet customer commitments.

***Delivering electric vehicle products and services to customers***' ***requirements and regulatory standards.*** Following the acquisition of Tembo, we signed distribution agreements with a number of partners globally, to sell Tembo EUV conversion kits. Meeting the technical specifications, quality and safety standards of our customers and partners is a key driver of ensuring Tembo's brand, reputation, revenue and future prospects. Product failures in service could leave us exposed to future warranty claims. Failure to meet the required regulations and standards in the markets we serve could require product recalls, fines and penalties.

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***Development and scale up of the SES solutions business.*** Whilst we have experience in developing, financing, building and operating solar power systems and distributed generation solar systems, we have limited experience and track record in combining this experience to then develop and offer a complete SES solution with microgrids, battery recycling and reuse and are still in the process of building the capabilities in the team. Developing and/or acquiring these capabilities is a key factor in expanding our SES solutions business.

***Supply chain deliveries.*** Materials deliveries from suppliers are at risk of disruption due to external events and factors such as geopolitical conflicts and international money wire friction issues. Overcoming challenging supply chain issues is a key factor in our businesses being able to deliver goods and services to our customers in line with their requirements and meet our revenue growth targets.

***Inflation.*** The economic volatility attributable initially to COVID-19 and then to Russia's invasion of Ukraine is part of and contributing to a larger trend of rising inflation around the globe, which may have a significant adverse effect on economic activity and our business.

***Ability to secure capital at attractive rates and terms.*** Our businesses are capital intensive requiring significant investment in operational expenditure and capital expenditure to realize the growth potential of our electric vehicle, critical power services, sustainable energy solutions and Digital Asset Treasury businesses. In addition, we are subject to significant and ongoing administrative and related expenses required to operate and grow a public company. Together these items impose substantial legal and financial compliance costs. As a result, we expect to require some combination of additional financing options in order to execute our strategy and meet the operating cash flow requirements necessary to operate and grow our business.

***Currency fluctuations***. We conduct business in the U.S., Canada, Australia, the Netherlands, the U.K, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Africa.. As a result, we are exposed to risks associated with fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

***Ability to attract and retain talent***. We are looking to scale our business in the face of competition for talent. To achieve our operational goals, we need to attract high caliber talent that is productive.

**B. Liquidity and Capital Resources**

Our principal sources of liquidity in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025 were from capital raises made during the year from which we were able to raise $8.9 million in proceeds, as well as loans and advances from the Arowana group including AWN loans (with a principal outstanding balance of $28.8 million, decreasing from $28.9 million at June 30, 2024), Arowana United Enterprises Pte Ltd loan amounting to $48 thousand, Arowana Global Impact Pty Ltd (formerly Arowana Partners Group) (with cost recharges outstanding with a balance of $1.9 million Arowana International UK Limited representing cost recharges amounting to $1.3 million and a loan principal outstanding of $63 thousand. The principal uses of cash have been to support operating activities.

Our principal sources of liquidity in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 were from AWN loans (with a principal outstanding balance of $28.9 million, increasing from $28.6 million at June 30, 2023), Arowana United Enterprises Pte Ltd loan amounting to $48,000, Arowana Partners Group cost recharges amounting to $0.7 million, Arowana International UK Limited representing cost recharges amounting to $1.2 million and $2.5 million net proceeds from capital raises. The principal uses of cash have been to support operating activities, including development of intangibles.

The following table shows net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, net cash used in investing activities, and net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (5749) | 1493 | (5442) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (3234) | (4566) | (1921) |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 8844 | 2719 | 6694 |
| **Total cash flow** | **(139)** | **(354)** | **(669)** |

---

***Operating Activities***

Our net cash outflow from operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2025, was $5.7 million. This reflects both the impact of the Group's operating loss and movements in working capital. The net cash outflow after tax from operations was $3.9 million, primarily driven by the $14.4 million loss from continuing operations, partly offset by the $1.6 million profit from discontinued operations. Non-cash and non-operating adjustments included $7.0 million of finance expense, $3.6 million of finance income, $0.5 million of depreciation and amortisation, $1.6 million impairment of goodwill and intangibles, $4.0 million of share-based payments, and $0.02 million of other gains. Working capital movements contributed a further $1.9 million outflow, comprising an increase in trade and other receivables of $1.6 million, an increase in digital assets of $0.01 million, and a decrease in trade and other payables of $1.6 million, partially offset by a reduction in inventory of $0.5 million and $0.8 million decrease in provisions.

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Our net cash inflow from operating activities in the year ended June 30, 2024, was $1.5 million. This was attributable to a net inflow from working capital movements of $9.3 million and a net cash outflow after tax from operations of $7.8 million. The working capital movements of $9.3 million comprise of increase in trade and other payables of $7.7 million, decrease in trade and other receivables of $1.3 million, $0.2 million increase in inventory and increase in provisions of $0.5 million. The $7.8 million outflow after tax from operations consists of the $45.8 million loss, other non-cash and non-operating components of earnings including $4.6 million of net finance expense, $1.6 million depreciation and amortization, $0.5 million loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment, $29.8 million impairment of goodwill and intangibles, $0.8 million share-based payments and $1.8 million tax.

***Investing Activities***

Net cash outflow from investing activities of $3.2 million in the year ended June 30, 2025 comprised of $1.0 million purchase of property, plant and equipment, a $2.2 million net cash outflow attributable to additional investment in capital projects in Tembo.

Net cash outflow from investing activities of $4.6 million in the year ended June 30, 2024 comprised of $0.6 million purchase of property, plant and equipment, a $4.0 million net cash outflow attributable to additional investment in capital projects in Tembo.

***Financing Activities***

Cash generated from financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2025, was $8.8 million. This comprises $8.9 million capital raises net of capital raise costs and $0.1 million transfer from restricted cash. This is partly offset by $0.1 million repayments of loans from related parties, $0.05 million lease payment.

Cash generated from financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2024, was $2.7 million. This comprised $0.8 million inflow from AWN loans, $1.0 million proceeds from investors, $2.5 million capital raises net of capital raise costs, and $0.3 million transfer from restricted cash. This is partly offset by $1.6 million repayments of other financings and borrowings, and $0.2 million lease repayments.

Borrowing obligations outstanding at the end of the period were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Current liabilities:** |  |  |  |
| Debtor financing | 67 | 67 | 1329 |
| Lease liabilities | 55 |  | 462 |
| Short-term shareholder loan |  | 8104 | 497 |
| Bank loan | 12127 |  | 7 |
| Chattel mortgage |  |  | 89 |
| Other borrowings | - | - | - |
|  | **12249** | **8171** | **2384** |
| **Non-current liabilities:** |  |  |  |
| Shareholder loan – payments due beyond 12 months | 16800 | 20915 | 28111 |
| Lease liabilities | 140 |  | 1843 |
| Financing agreement |  |  |  |
| Chattel mortgage |  | - | 50 |
|  | **16940** | **20915** | **30004** |
| **Total borrowings** | **29189** | **29086** | **32388** |

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Tembo has lease arrangements in place to finance business properties and motor vehicle fleets. Lease liabilities have increased from nil at June 30, 2024 to $0.2 million at June 30, 2025 due to the new lease facility in Tembo. The obligation for future minimum lease payments under the facilities are as follows:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Minimum lease payments** | **Minimum lease payments** | **Minimum lease payments** | **Present value of <br> minimum lease payments** | **Present value of <br> minimum lease payments** | **Present value of <br> minimum lease payments** |
| | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Amounts payable under finance leases:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Less than one year | 57 |  | 576 | 55 |  | 462 |
| Later than one year but not more than five | 146 |  | 2223 | 140 |  | 1843 |
|  | 202 |  | 2799 | 195 |  | 2305 |
| Future finance charges | (8) |  | (494) | - |  | - |
| **Total obligations under finance lease** | **195** |  | **2305** | **195** |  | **2305** |

---

On June 30, 2021, the Company agreed a refinancing of its existing $21.1 million shareholder loan with AWN, with repayment of principal from January 1, 2023 in sixty monthly instalments of $0.35 million to loan maturity on December 31, 2027. The interest rate and line fee were agreed at 8% and 0.8% respectively, but no interest or line fee settlements were required until after a corporate liquidity event occurred. In addition, the Company agreed to a refinancing fee of $0.34 million in two tranches on June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022. Security granted to AWN comprised of a specific security deed over the assets of Aevitas (the "Specific Security Deed") and a general security over the assets of the Company (the "General Security").

On June 30, 2022 further amendments to the loan were agreed with AWN:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i. to
 defer repayment of principal to commence on October 1, 2023, with repayments over 60 months to September 30, 2028.

ii. to
 defer interest payments from October 1, 2021, becoming due and payable on the earlier of a) completion by VivoPower of a debt or
 equity raise of at least $25 million, and b) October 1, 2023.

iii. to
 increase the interest rate and line fee to 10.00% and 2.00% per annum respectively during the period from October 1, 2021 to the
 earlier of a) September 30, 2023 or b) the date a minimum prepayment of $1,000,000 is made.

iv. the
 initial refinancing fee of $0.34 million is to be amended to accrue incrementally at 1.6% per annum from July 1, 2021 and become
 payable at the earlier of a) $1.0 million prepayment being made or b) October 1, 2023.

v. a
 new fixed facility extension fee of $0.355 million is payable in return for this amendment, to accrue immediately but becoming payable
 on October 1, 2023.

On January 11, 2023, further amendments to the loan were agreed with AWN:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i. to
 defer repayment of principal to commence on April 1, 2025, with repayments over 60 months to March 31, 2030.

ii. to
 defer interest payments from October 1, 2023, becoming due and payable on the earlier of a) completion by VivoPower of a debt or
 equity raise of at least $25 million, and b) October 1, 2024.

iii. to
 extend the increased interest rate and line fee of 10.00% and 2.00% per annum respectively commenced on October 1, 2021 to the earlier
 of a) March 31, 2025 or b) the date a minimum prepayment of $1,000,000 is made.

iv. to
 extend the initial refinancing fee accruing incrementally at 1.6% per annum from July 1, 2021 and become payable at the earlier of
 a) $1.0 million prepayment being made or b) April 1, 2025.

v. to
 defer the repayment date of the previous fixed facility extension fee of $0.355 million, becoming payable on April 1, 2025.

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In addition to previously agreed refinancing fees, an additional $0.855 million fixed refinancing fee will accrue immediately and become payable on April 1, 2025.

On June 30, 2023, further amendments to the loan were agreed with AWN:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to
 defer interest payments from October 1, 2024 to April 1, 2025, and to replace the conditional requirement to repay accrued interest
 upon completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million, with the conditional requirement to make repayments
 of interest and/or principal to meet the mandatory repayment schedule described in sections (ii) and (iii) below following a qualifying
 liquidity event.

(ii) upon
 completion by VivoPower International PLC of a qualifying liquidity event of at least $5.0 million, Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited
 are required to make mandatory prepayment of principal and interest to AWN in accordance with the following schedule:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) proceeds
 $5 million to $7.5 million - pay 25% of amounts raised;

b) proceeds
 $7.5 million to $12.5 million - pay $1.875 million plus 45% of amounts raised;

c) proceeds
 $12.5 million and above - pay $4.125 million plus 50% of amounts raised.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) for
 the purposes of the mandatory prepayment requirement, a 'qualifying liquidity event' excludes direct investments into
 VivoPower's subsidiary, Tembo, and debt raised in respect of working capital finance facilities, but includes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) equity
 or debt raise;

b) trade
 sale of underlying subsidiary or business unit (including, for example, Aevitas and Caret); and

c) loan
 repayment from Tembo to VivoPower.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) as
 consideration for the concessions agreed with AWN, VivoPower International PLC committed to issue AWN with 500,000 warrants, with
 a duration of 12 months, at an exercise price of $6.7 per share.

On June 30, 2024, VivoPower amended its shareholder loan financing agreement with AWN. The loan includes a facility limit of $34 million, of which a drawdown of $8.1 million principal is due to be repaid in the current period, and $20.9 million principal is non-current. In addition, there was $12 million in interest and fees on the AWN loan that was due to be repaid within the current period. The agreement consolidated all shareholder loans into a single tranche. AWN also received an option to acquire 1,150,000 Tembo shares, post-business combination with Cactus Acquisition Corp 1 Limited at $1.35 per share. As at June 30, 2024, AWN also agreed to a 9 month grace period for the repayment of $11 million accrued interest, and a deferral of $8.9 million of principal for repayment from April 1, 2025 to January 1, 2026.

In December 2021, a short-term loan of $1.1 million (AU$1.5 million) was provided from AWN to Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited at an interest rate of 10.0%, increasing to 12.5% from January 1, 2022. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as April 30, 2022, then extended on June 30, 2022, to October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower International PLC of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million was dropped on June 30, 2023. Facility extension fees of $29,000 (AU$40,000) and $43,500 (AU$60,000) are payable upon maturity, relating to the two extensions respectively.

On February 22, 2022, a short term $3.0 million loan was provided from AWN to Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited, with interest rate of 10.00% per annum payable on the principal sum upon maturity. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as May 13, 2022, then extended on June 30, 2022, to October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million was dropped on June 30, 2023. Facility extension fees of $85,000 and $110,000 are payable upon maturity, relating to the two extensions respectively.

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On December 22, 2022, a short term $3.0 million loan was provided from AWN to Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited, with interest rate of BBSY bid floating rate (on average 3.60% for the period from inception to June 30, 2023) plus fixed margin of 15.0% per annum payable on the principal sum upon maturity. A 1% establishment fee of $30,000 was deducted upon initial loan drawdown, and a further 3% exit fee of $90,000 is payable on expiry. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023, to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million was agreed on January 11, 2023, then dropped on June 30, 2023. A facility extension fee of $115,000 is payable upon maturity.

In February and March 2023, further short-term loans of AU$0.5 million and AU$0.25 million were established between AWN and Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited, drawn down between February and May 2023. The loans have interest rate of BBSY bid floating rate plus fixed margin of 15.0% per annum payable on the principal sum upon maturity, with expiry dates of June 30, 2023. 1% facility establishment fees of total AU$7,500 were deducted upon loan drawdowns, and further 3% exit fees of total AU$22,500 are payable on expiry. On June 30, 2023, the expiry of the loans was amended to August 31, 2023.

Following the sale of ex-solar J.A. Martin operations on July 1, 2022, the J.A. Martin debtor finance facility was cancelled, but a new facility with a limit of AU$2.5 million and variable interest rate (initial rate 7.75%) was opened by Kenshaw, as well as a trade finance facility of $0.5 million. The debtor finance facility was partially drawn down at June 30, 2023, with an outstanding balance of $1.3 million (AU$2.0 million), due to timing of operating activities (June 30, 2022: nil). As of June 30, 2024, this facility amounting to AU$1.8 million is reclassified to "Assets held for sale" as a result of Kenshaw Electrical Pty Ltd sale.

***Cash Reserves and Liquidity***

Cash reserves at June 30, 2025, of $0.1 million are unrestricted and are domiciled as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands) | **Local currency** | **Amount in USD** |
| AUD | 10 | 7 |
| EUR | 2 | 2 |
| USD | 99 | 96 |
| GBP | (33) | (45) |
| **Total cash reserve** |  | **60** |

---

Our treasury policy aims to maintain cash reserves in the necessary currencies for near-term working capital, helping to manage currency fluctuation risk. Cash reserves are monitored daily to enhance capital efficiency, and senior management conducts weekly reviews to ensure optimal alignment with business needs. While certain operational challenges, such as limited access to specific accounts during the year, influence cash flow management, the company continues to take measures to support liquidity and financial planning effectively.

The SES business is reliant for liquidity on the completion of and, or sale of specific projects that are designed to support the EV business with the development of charging stations, Change Management Education along with driver and Maintenance team training. As these projects are dependent on negotiations with external parties, delays in the sale process could adversely affect our liquidity.

The Electric Vehicles business is reliant for liquidity on financing from asset and working capital financing, equity capital raises, and a growing revenue stream as the business scales.

We review our forecasted cash flows on an on-going basis to ensure that we will have sufficient capital from a combination of internally generated cash flows and proceeds from financing activities, if required, in order to fund our working capital and capital expenditure requirements and to meet our short-term debt obligations and other liabilities and commitments as they become due.

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Management has, in the preparation of the audited financial statements of the Group for the year ended June 2025, fully considered and evaluated the going concern. Following a comprehensive assessment of the Group's financial position and projections over the going concern assessment period of 12 months from the expected date of signing the audited financial statements, the assessment of management is that the Group remains a going concern.

Accordingly, management recommends to the Board of Directors that, based on the above assessment, the Group remains a going concern as at the date of this report.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, as the directors believe the Company will be able to meet its liabilities as they fall due.

The going concern assessment has been considered with reference to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) the scenario that the Tembo spin off reverse merger IPO is consummated (currently expected by mid-February 2026. Following the completion of this Tembo spin-off reverse merger the following probable outcomes arise for VivoPower:

● VivoPower will continue to retain meaningful shareholding of the separately listed Tembo Group and consolidate Tembo in its accounts;

● VivoPower's cash burn rate will further reduce to a budgeted gross amount of $197k per month (assuming a worst case scenario of no offsetting revenue inflows);

● Subject to the funds raised by Tembo as part of its reverse merger IPO, VivoPower will be paid back up to the full amount of what is owed to it by Tembo within 6 months of Tembo becoming a separately listed company;

● Subject to the Tembo reverse merger IPO proceeding, Energi Holdings has agreed to a strategic PIPE investment of $100 million in Tembo, valuing the business at US $200 million enterprise value, VivoPower will however retain a meaningful shareholding post-transaction, and a dedicated board is being recruited in preparation for Tembo's public listing;

● VivoPower will itself be able to raise additional capital via equity capital markets, as it has done over the past 12 months, despite very challenging market conditions and several unexpected obstacles, including the fact that the ATM facility was not available to the company. In FY24, VivoPower has been able to receive gross cash from capital raisings of approximately $9.8 million despite volatile market conditions. In addition, it has contractual commitments to receive another $60.5 million in cash, and subject to shareholder approval to increase its authorized capital, another $60.5 million. Furthermore, the Company has raised additional gross proceeds of $14.1 million including pursuant to an F-1 offering post balance date (noting that an additional $5 million was issued as a debt to equity swap with Arowana group entities in particular).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the
 scenario where the Tembo spin off reverse merger IPO does not materialize. In this probable scenario, the following outcomes would
 arise for VivoPower:

● VivoPower would continue to retain 100% ownership of the Tembo Group;

● The combined cash burn rate of VivoPower, including Tembo's operations, would be expected to be a gross amount of approximately $413k per month (assuming a hypothetical worst case of no revenue receipts);

● Despite the increased cash burn rate, the combined entity (VivoPower and Tembo) is projected to generate net cash inflows from operating activities due to increasing revenues. This positive cash generation is expected to provide significant support for the Group's liquidity and overall financial health: and

● VivoPower would have sufficient capital from the $121 million Regulation S private placement mentioned above, of which the Group has already closed the first tranche, amounting to $60.5 million on June 20, 2025 with the balance to be received in subsequent phases, as well as the ability to raise additional capital post 1 November off its F-3 registration statement.

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As of 30 June 2025, the Group reported outstanding net current assets of $19.3 million. The key driver of this strong position is the $60.5 million private placement booked as a current asset. This represents a substantial improvement in the Group's balance sheet and liquidity compared to the prior year.

The Group has already closed the first tranche of the $121 million placement, amounting to $60.5 million, on 20 June 2025, with the balance to be received in subsequent phases. This strategic investment, led by HRH Prince Abdulaziz bin Turki bin Talal Al Saud, was priced at $6.05 per share (above the last market closing price and fully compliant with Nasdaq rules). It is closely tied to VivoPower's XRP-focused digital assets strategy and is intended to strengthen liquidity, reduce reliance on higher-cost financing, and provide the Group with additional flexibility to pursue strategic initiatives.

Our analysis further indicates that the budgeted combined average monthly cash burn for VivoPower and Tembo over the next 12 months is approximately $413k per month, or $5.0 million per annum. This assumes no revenues received. Importantly, the Group has already commenced the scaleup of Tembo deliveries which will translate into revenue receipts. In addition, it will be seeking further increase revenues from its digital asset reserve strategy, including from crypto mining and yield generation, which will further supplement available liquidity alongside the existing cash resources.

As at June 30, 2025, the Company had unrestricted cash totaling $0.1 million compared to $0.2 million as at June 30, 2024 and $0.6 million as at June 30, 2023. However, post balance date, the Company raised and received net proceeds of $13.0 million from the issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to an F1 registration statement and Regulation S equity raise.

As at 30 June 2025, the Company had outstanding debt and borrowing totaling $29.2 million, compared to $29.1 million as at June 30, 2024 and $32.4 million as at June 30, 2023. The outstanding debt and borrowings are to related parties who are also the major shareholders.

Over the next twelve months, with the strategic rationalization of the Company's business units and the expansion of the Electric Vehicles and ancillary SES products and solutions range, together with the strategic pivot to a cost-effective Asian supply chain, the Company expects to grow revenues profitably. Furthermore, with the Asian supply chain in place, the Company no longer needs to invest in assembly and production facilities, reducing capital expenditure requirements.

To ensure the going concern status of the business, the directors have prepared and reviewed additional plans to mitigate any liquidity risk that may arise during the next twelve months. These include:

● Delaying any capital expenditures;

● Reduce or delay operational expenditure scale-up plans;

● Reduce research and development expenditure;

● Consider the management of supplier and lender payments;

● Continuous improvement in efficiency and cost management through the use of artificial intelligence tools; and

● Ensuring the Company is always able to raise debt or equity capital.

Given the significant improvement in the adjusted net current asset position of $19.3 million as of 30 June 2025, the Directors are confident in the Company's ability to remain a going concern in the foreseeable future. The Directors therefore have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus, they have continued to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. Additionally, in the event of any unforeseen challenges, management and Directors retain the flexibility to; (a) raise additional capital, (b) further reduce the cash burn rate, and/or (c) negotiate extensions of payment plans with creditors to ensure continued financial stability.

This assessment excludes the $8.7 million residual investment commitment for Tembo from TAG Capital, a family office associated with the ruling family of Dubai (noting an additional $0.9 million tranche from this was received post balance date) to, any potential additional funds from Tembo's de-SPAC IPO, anticipated additional Tembo sales revenues, revenues and yield earned on digital assets or the potential spin-off of our Caret operations.

**C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.**

Research and development expenditure includes the product development project for Tembo's ruggedized electric vehicles, comprising pre-series-production expenditure on developing vehicle specifications and production processes that are fit for purpose for rugged off-road environments including safaris and mining sites. Capitalized costs include primarily internal payroll costs, external expert consultants, equipment and technology hardware and software. In addition, there is additional research and development being conducted into other elements of vehicle electrification for off-road and rugged environments, including specialized batteries, charging devices, electric wire harnesses, telemetry, data capture and analytics and software tools.

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**D. Trend Information**

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments, or events that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources.

**E. Critical Accounting Estimates**

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the directors are required to make judgements in applying the Group's accounting policies and in making estimates and making assumptions about the future. These estimates could have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying value of assets and liabilities in the future financial periods. The critical judgements that have been made in arriving at the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements are discussed below.

**Revenue from contracts with customers** – **determining the timing of satisfaction of services**

As disclosed in Note 2.15 to the consolidated Financial Statements, the Group concluded that Solar Development revenue and revenue from other long-term projects is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided. The Group determined that the percentage completion basis is the best method in measuring progress because there is a direct relationship between the Group's effort and the transfer of services to the customer. The judgement used in applying the percentage completion basis affects the amount and timing of revenue from contracts.

**Impairment of non-financial assets**

The carrying values of property, plant and equipment, investments and intangible assets other than goodwill are reviewed for impairment only when events indicate the carrying value may be impaired. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment or when events or changes to circumstances indicate that it might be impaired.

Impairment assessments require the use of estimates and assumptions. To assess impairment, estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time-value of money and risks specific to the related cash-generating unit. Judgement was applied in making estimates and assumptions about the future cash flows, including the appropriateness of discounts rates applied and operating performance (which includes production and sales volumes), as further disclosed in Note 13. These estimates and assumptions are subject to risk and uncertainty. Therefore, there is a possibility that changes in circumstances will impact on these projections, which may impact the recoverable amount of assets and/or CGUs.

**Operating profit/(loss)**

In preparing the consolidated financial statements of the Group, judgement was applied with respect to those items which are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss as included within operating profit/(loss). Those revenues and expenses which are determined to be specifically related to the on-going operating activities of the business are included within operating profit/(loss). Expenses or charges to earnings which are not related to operating activities, are one-time costs determined to be not representative of the normal trading activities of the business, or that arise from revaluation of assets, are reported below operating profit/(loss).

**Litigation provision**

Currently, there is an ongoing dispute with a prior client Accès Industriel in Canada for the settlement of $596,000, which they initially paid as part of the sales contracts for Tembo EUV conversions for which a provision of the same amount has been set up as of June 30, 2025. Additionally, during the year, provisions were also made on disputes with Salesforce, Workato and ComplianceQuest amounting to $115,000, $40,000 and $60,000, respectively.

A litigation provision of $0.2 million had been made in the accounts as settlement of the lawsuit with the Estate of the Late W.Q. Richards over Caret leases TX144 and TX145. The suit was settled with a payment of $50,000 made in October 2024 to be followed by 12 equal monthly payments of $14,583.33. As part of the settlement agreement VivoPower approved the permanent abandonment of the two leases in dispute, namely TX144 and TX145. As of June 30, 2025, the said provision was fully utilized settled.

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**Capitalization of product development costs**

The Group capitalizes costs for product development projects in the EV segment. The capitalization of costs is based on management's judgement that technological and economic feasibility is confirmed, and all other recognition criteria within IAS 38 can be demonstrated. In determining the amounts to be capitalized, management makes assumptions regarding the expected future cash generation, discount rates to be applied and the expected period of benefits. As of June 30, 2025, the carrying amount of capitalized development costs were $14.9 million (as of June 30, 2024: $11.6 million; as of June 30, 2023: $7.8 million).

**Income taxes**

In recognizing income tax assets and liabilities, management makes estimates of the likely outcome of decisions by tax authorities on transactions and events whose treatment for tax purposes is uncertain. Where the outcome of such matters is different, or expected to be different, from previous assessments made by management, a change to the carrying value of the income tax assets and liabilities will be recorded in the period in which such determination is made. The carrying values of income tax assets and liabilities are disclosed separately in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

**Deferred tax assets**

Deferred tax assets for unused tax losses amounting to $4.4 million on June 30, 2025 (June 30, 2024: $4.1 million; June 30, 2023: $5.1 million), due to recognition of development phase recoverable tax losses in Electric Vehicles, and are recognized to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilized. Management judgment is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and level of future taxable profits. To the extent that future cash flows and taxable income differ significantly from estimates, the ability of the Company to realize the deferred tax assets recorded at the reporting date could be impacted.

**Fair value measurement**

The fair values of financial assets and liabilities recorded in the statement of financial position are measured using valuation techniques including discounted cash flow ("DCF") models. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value. When the fair values of non-financial assets/CGUs need to be determined, for example in business combinations and for impairment testing purposes, they are measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model.

**ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES**

**A. Directors and Senior Management**

The following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of our directors and executive officers. Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of all of our directors and executive officers is Blackwell House, Guildhall Yard, London England EC2V 5AE United Kingdom

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Age** |  | **Position** | **Appointed** |
| ***Directors:*** |  | **** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kevin Chin (1)(4) | 52 |  | Chairman | *April 27, 2016* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Peter Jeavons (1)(2)(3)(4) | 60 |  | Non-Executive Director | *June 16, 2020* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;William Langdon (1)(2)(3) | 64 |  | Non-Executive Director | *June 16, 2020* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Michael Hui | 45 |  | Non-Executive Director | *January 22, 2020* |
| ***Executive Officers:*** |  | **** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kevin Chin (1)(4) | 52 |  | Chief Executive Officer | *March 25, 2020* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;David Mansfield | 49 |  | Chief Financial Officer | *May 21, 2025* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jacqui Johnson | 59 |  | Global HR Director | *July 01, 2021* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chris Mallios | 54 |  | Chief Commercial Officer | *January 29, 2024* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Keith Loose | 46 |  | Chief Technology Officer | *May 9, 2025* |

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(1) Member
 (or in the case of Mr. Chin, non-voting observer) of the Audit and Risk Committee.

(2) Member
 of the Remuneration Committee.

(3) Member
 of the Nomination Committee.

(4) Member
 of the Sustainability Committee

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The following sets forth biographical information regarding our directors and executive officers. There are no family relationships between any director or executive officer and any other director or executive officer.

There are no other arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others, pursuant to which any person referred to above was selected as a director or member of senior management, except that: Kevin Chin, our Chairman, beneficially owns 15.3% of VVPR at June 30, 2025, through his holdings as the Chairman of AWN, which is a beneficial owner of 7.1% of VivoPower as of June 30, 2025 for which Mr. Chin has shared voting power and individually, via different entities is the beneficial owner of 8.2% of VivoPower as of June 30, 2025.

**Recent Changes to the Board of Directors and Senior Management**

In June 2025, David Mansfield joined the company as Group CFO, replacing Gary Challinor, while Keith Loose joined as Group CTO. Reference to their biographies below.

**Executive Officers**

***Kevin Chin***

Kevin Chin has served as our Chief Executive Officer since March 2020. Reference is made to his biography below.

 ****

***Chris Mallios***

Chris Mallios has served as the Chief Operating Officer of Tembo since March 2024; before this he also served on VivoPower's board of advisors from October 2020 until March 2024. Mr. Mallios is a seasoned executive with nearly 30 years of experience in the automotive, technology, resources, utilities and infrastructure industries. He has held several leadership positions at Nissan Motor Corporation, including as director of global business operations for Infiniti, managing director of Infiniti's Asia and Oceania regions and director of business development in China. In the latter role, he oversaw the joint venture of Nissan and the Dongfeng Motor Corporation to produce Infiniti vehicles for the world's biggest automotive market. His background also includes nearly five years as the CEO of CFC Group, an investment and development group that provides distribution, logistics and transport services, and nearly a decade as Asia Pacific CFO for TE Connectivity, a global technology company whose solutions power, among other things, electric vehicles.

Mr. Mallios is a CPA Australia Fellow and holds bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of New South Wales. He has further completed executive programs as a Graduate member of the Australian Institute of Company Directors and INSEAD's global top executive leadership AVIRA Programme.

 ****

***David Mansfield***

David Mansfield has served as the Chief Financial Officer of Tembo since May 2025. Mr. Mansfield has a strong background in finance, with expertise in structured financing, platform development, and technology optimization. He began his career in Structured Fixed Income Derivatives then moving to Goldman Sachs, where he helped establish its Equity Derivatives Financing business.

In 2005, Mr. Mansfield relocated to Asia, where he successfully built Structured Derivatives Trading businesses for both Credit Suisse and J.P. Morgan. His career has spanned leadership roles in major investment banks and high-growth ventures, including serving as the chief financial officer of VinFast Auto Ltd. (Nasdaq: VFS), an electric vehicle company, from February 2022 to January 2024, where he played a key role in the company's listing on Nasdaq through a reverse merger with a SPAC.

 ****

***Jacqui Johnson***

Jacqui Johnson has served as the Human Resources Director of Tembo since March 2021. Ms. Johnson is a seasoned human resources professional and a qualified member of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development with over 20 years of experience in human resources and change management across diverse industries, including the EV automotive, engineering, and construction industries.

Ms. Johnson has held multiple leadership roles, specializing in employment law, recruitment, organizational planning, employee engagement, strategic workforce planning, company culture development, and employee well-being in both unionized and non-unionized environments.

***Keith Loose***

 ****

Keith has worked in technology as a Developer, Security Analyst and Architect/Head of Engineering for major financial institutions: JP Morgan, HSBC, CLSA, Block.One & Block Inc in various technology focused roles, and as Technology Advisor, Consultant or CTO for several firms.

He has also served as a technical advisor for a handful of family offices and funds, either working with investment teams to assess the technical capabilities of companies they were evaluating or execution or working with front office teams optimizing the execution of market facing components and systems.

Away from purely technical engagements, Keith has held senior roles at Investment banks, publicly listed technology firms, retail crypto exchange, and OTC Brokerages.

 ****

***Gary Challinor***

Gary served as VivoPower's Chief Financial Officer until his retirement in March 2025; he joined the company in November 2020.

**Directors**

***Kevin Chin***

Kevin Chin is the founder of Arowana, a leading global B Corporation certified investment group with operating companies across the U.K., U.S., Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Australia, as well as owning other unlisted companies and investments. One of those operating companies is AWN which is an Australian unlisted holding company. AWN is a significant shareholder in VivoPower, as well as owning other unlisted companies and investments.

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Over his 25-plus year career, Mr. Chin has accumulated extensive experience in "hands on" strategic and operational management having served as CEO, CFO and COO of various public and private companies across a range of industries, including solar energy, software, traffic management, education, funds management and vocational education. He is the author of the business book, HyperTurnaround! which chronicles the privatization, rapid turnaround, and subsequent global scale up of a software company called RuleBurst Haley culminating in a sale to Oracle. Mr. Chin has regularly written for Inc.com on topic such as turnarounds and growing pains challenges and has been interviewed by Entrepreneur.com and other key business publications. He also has significant international experience in private equity, buyouts of public companies, mergers and acquisitions and capital raisings as well as funds management, accounting, litigation support and valuations with prior roles at LFG, J.P. Morgan, PWC and Deloitte.

Mr. Chin holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree from the University of New South Wales where he was one of the inaugural University Co-Op Scholars with the School of Banking and Finance. He is also a qualified Chartered Accountant and a Fellow of FINSIA, where he was a curriculum writer and lecturer in the Master of Applied Finance program. Mr. Chin resides primarily in the United Arab Emirates.

***William Langdon***

William Langdon has had a 25-plus year career in software, technology and enterprise data sectors after starting his career at Disney in finance and marketing. He served as CFO of venture-backed OmniTicket Network and after served in a series of senior management roles at digital mapping leader NAVTEQ (acquired by Nokia). After starting in European Sales, he became General Manager of the global Distribution division and President of NAVTEQ's first acquisition, a digital mapping company based in Seoul, South Korea. Since that time, he has served in a series of senior management roles with venture-backed French technology start-ups including Goldman Sachs backed Nuxeo and Intersec, backed by Highland Europe.

Mr. Langdon received his MBA from Yale University and is a member of the Board of Directors of Tech2Deal, a private French company, and Singula Institute, a New York City based mental health non-profit organization. He resides in Long Island outside of New York City, United States.

Mr. Langdon serves as Chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee and the Nomination Committee of the Company.

***Peter Jeavons***

Peter Jeavons has over 30 years' experience working in a number of executive-level international roles predominantly focused on leading technology and enterprise software solutions across many industry sectors. His career has been spent working for small start-ups, medium-sized and large corporate businesses, helping to drive strong growth, turnarounds and with involvement from both sides in successful merger and acquisition activities. He specializes in policy, regulatory and legislative compliance-based solutions and has a strong interest in how technology can help to drive sustainability and save the planet.

Mr. Jeavons was part of the global leadership team of RuleBurst Haley, which was acquired by Oracle and then successfully relaunched their regulatory compliance solution as a native SaaS platform internationally. During his career he has also worked for companies including Infor, who are another large enterprise software company and was responsible for the European business at Nuxeo, a Goldman Sachs backed, open source, enterprise content management software provider. He recently completed an interim CEO role for a next generation events management SaaS business.

He currently works as an advisor to several SaaS businesses and start-ups, specializing in innovative technologies that make the world better, less complex, and more sustainable. Mr. Jeavons completed his Non-Executive Director's diploma with Pearson in 2013. He resides in the Cotswolds, United Kingdom.

Mr. Jeavons is the Senior Independent Director at VivoPower and Chairman of the Remuneration and Sustainability Committees of the Company.

***Michael Hui***

Michael Hui brings a unique background to the Board given his dual Information Technology and Law degrees and experiences. During his career, he has built significant expertise across a diverse range of sectors in both an investment as well as an operational capacity.

Mr. Hui served as Managing Director (Australasia) for VivoPower's significant shareholder, AWN, and also the broader Arowana group's activities in Australia and New Zealand from 2011 until 2024. Previously, Michael was Co-founder and CEO of an online-payments business and spent more than 10 years as a lawyer practicing corporate and commercial law. He resides in Brisbane, Australia.

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**B. Board Diversity**

The table below provides certain information regarding the diversity of our Board as of the date of this Annual Report

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Board Diversity Matrix** | **Board Diversity Matrix** |
| Country of Principal Executive Offices: | United Kingdom |
| Foreign Private Issuer | Yes |
| Disclosure Prohibited under Home Country Law | No |
| Total Number of Directors | 4 |

---

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Female** | **Female** | **Male** | **Male** | **Non-**<br> **Binary** | **Non-**<br> **Binary** | **Did Not**<br> **Disclose**<br> **Gender** | **Did Not**<br> **Disclose**<br> **Gender** |
| **Part I: Gender Identity** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Directors |  | 0 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
| **Part II: Demographic Background** |  | | | | | | | |
| Underrepresented Individual in Home Country Jurisdiction |  | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| LGBTQ+ |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Did Not Disclose Demographic Background |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

---

**C. Compensation**

***Directors and Executive Management Compensation***

The tables below set out the compensation paid to our directors and executive officers for the year ended June 30, 2025 and year ended June 30, 2024 (in US Dollars).

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Year Ended June 30, 2025** | **Salary <br> & Fees** | **Benefits** | **Pension** | **Long<br> Term<br> Incentives** | **Severance** | **Total** |
| ***Directors:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kevin Chin (Chair) 1 | $87.953 | $- | $- | $- | $- | $87.953 |
| Peter Jeavons 2 | $73000 | $- | $- | $- | $- | $73000 |
| William Langdon 3 | $65500 | $- | $- | $- | $- | $65500 |
| Michael Hui 4 | $50000 | $- | $- | $- | $- | $50000 |
| ***Executive Officers:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kevin Chin 6 | $466834 | $- | $- | $- | $- | $466834 |

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Year Ended June 30, 2024** | **Salary <br> & Fees** | **Benefits** | **Pension** | **Long<br> Term<br> Incentives** | **Severance** | **Total** |
| ***Directors:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kevin Chin (Chair) 1 | $85571 | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- | $- | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | $85571 |
| Peter Jeavons 2 | $73000 | $- | $- | $- | $- | $73000 |
| William Langdon 3 | $65500 | $- | $- | $- | $- | $65500 |
| Michael Hui 4 | $57361 | $- | $- | $7361 | $- | $64721 |
| Gemma Godfrey 5 | $69500 | $- | $- | $- | $- | $69500 |
| ***Executive Officers:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Kevin Chin 6 | $409108 | $- | $- | $74860 | $- | $483968 |

---

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Mr. Chin is paid a salary of £68,000 ($87953) per annum as Chairman during the year, payable to Arowana Global Impact Pty Ltd (formerly Arowana Partners Group Pty Ltd). |
| 2 | Mr. Jeavons was paid fees of $50,000 per annum during the year. Mr. Jeavons also received an annual fee of $7,500 as chair of the sustainability committee, $7,500 annual fee as chair of the remuneration committee, $4,000 annual fee as member of the audit and risk committee and $4,000 annual fee as member of the nomination committee. Mr. Jeavons elected to receive 100% of his fees for the year in cash. |
| 3 | Mr. Langdon is paid fees of $50,000 per annum during the year. Mr. Langdon also received an annual fee of $7,500 as chair of the audit and risk committee, $4,000 annual fee as a member of the remuneration committee and $4,000 annual fee as member of the nomination committee. Mr. Langdon elected to receive 100% of his fees in cash. |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 4.0 | Mr. Hui was paid fees of $50,000 per annum during the year. Mr. Hui elected to receive 100% of his fees in cash. He also received remuneration in the form of LTIP shares worth $7,361 in FY24. |
| 5.0 | Ms. Godfrey was paid fees of $69,500 per annum before she resigned from the Board in June 2024. Ms. Godfrey also received $4,000 annual fee as member of the audit and risk committee, $4,000 as member of the remuneration committee and $4,000 annual fee as member of the nomination committee. Ms. Godfrey elected to receive 100% of her fees in cash. |
| 6.0 | Comprises £325,000 base fees per annum, £38,000 annual professional development allowance per annum. |

---

**Employment Agreements**

***Executive Agreements***

Mr. Chin's remuneration as Chief Executive Officer has remained at £325,000 per annum as Chief Executive since July 1, 2020, payable monthly in arrears. This remuneration plan was decided upon by the Remuneration Committee following a market benchmarking by Pearl Meyer, to align to the new strategy and additional responsibilities. The remuneration includes the cost of any support resources required by Mr. Chin to fulfil the roles. The Committee also approved an additional annual £38,000 fee payable as a professional development allowance to Mr. Chin, as Chief Executive Officer. This payment is to be made on 1 January each year. Mr. Chin has elected to take the significant majority of this remuneration in the form of shares of the Company for FY23, FY24 and FY25.

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Mr. Chin is also paid an annual Chairman's fee of £68,000 as Chairman of the Board, payable by the Company to Arowana Global Impact Pty Ltd (formerly Arowana Partners Group Pty Ltd). The fee was increased as from July 1, 2021, following a review by the Remuneration Committee of Mr. Chin's compensation, including market benchmarking by Pearl Meyer but has been held at this level since then.

***Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control***

Kevin Chin, Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, may be terminated upon twelve months' notice at any time, for any reason, with or without cause. Other than the twelve-month notice period, there are no other special payments upon termination or change of control.

The appointment letters of the non-executive directors of the Company are generally terminable upon one month's written notice and do not contain provisions providing for special payments upon termination or change of control.

**D. Board Practices**

***Board Composition and Classification of Directors***

In accordance with the terms of our articles of association, our Board is divided into three staggered classes of directors of the same or nearly the same number and each will be assigned to one of the three classes. At each annual general meeting of the shareholders, a class of directors will be elected for a three-year term to succeed the directors of the same class whose terms are then expiring. The terms of the directors will expire upon the election and qualification of successor directors at the annual general meeting of stockholders to be held during the years 2024 for Class B directors, 2025 for Class C and 2026 for Class A directors:

● our Class A directors are Peter Jeavons and Michael Hui.

● our Class B director is William Langdon.

● our Class C directors is Kevin Chin.

Our articles of association provide that the number of our directors shall not be subject to any maximum but shall not be less than two, unless otherwise determined by a majority of our Board.

The division of our Board into three classes with staggered three-year terms may delay or prevent stockholder efforts to effect a change of our management or a change in control.

*Director Independence*

Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules requires a majority of a listed company's board of directors to be comprised of independent directors within one year of listing. Under Rule 5605(a)(2), a director will only qualify as an "independent director" if, in the opinion of our Board, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgement in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

Our Board has determined that Peter Jeavons and William Langdon (and, prior to her resignation, Ms. Godfrey) are "independent directors" under Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

***Corporate Governance***

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as related rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, requires foreign private issuers, including our company, to comply with various corporate governance practices. In addition, Nasdaq rules provide that foreign private issuers may follow home country practice in lieu of the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, subject to certain exceptions and except to the extent that such exemptions would be contrary to U.S. federal securities laws.

Nasdaq Listing Rule 5615(a)(3) permits a foreign private issuer like us to follow home country practices in lieu of certain requirements of Listing Rule 5600, provided that certain requirements are met. Accordingly, we have elected to follow home country practice in lieu of the requirements under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), which requires companies to seek shareholder approval for the issuance of securities in connection with certain transactions other than a public offering involving the sale, issuance or potential issuance of our Ordinary Shares at a price less than certain referenced prices, if such shares equal 20% or more of the Company's Ordinary Shares or voting power outstanding before the issuance. Instead, and in accordance with the Nasdaq home country accommodations, we comply with applicable U.K. corporate and securities laws, which do not require shareholder approval for such dilutive events.

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We intend to take all actions necessary for us to maintain compliance as a foreign private issuer under the applicable requirements of the rules adopted by the SEC.

Because we are a foreign private issuer, our directors and senior management are not subject to short-swing profit and insider trading reporting obligations under Section 16 of the Exchange Act. They will, however, be subject to the obligations to report changes in share ownership under Section 13 of the Exchange Act and related SEC rules.

***Committees of the Board***

We have an Audit and Risk Committee, a Remuneration Committee, a Nomination Committee and a Sustainability Committee and have a charter for each of these committees.

*Audit and Risk Committee*

The Audit and Risk Committee is comprised of William Langdon (who is Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee), and Peter Jeavons, each of whom the Board has determined to be independent under the applicable Nasdaq listing standards. Peter Jeavons and William Langdon joined the committee on June 16, 2020.

The Audit and Risk Committee have a written charter, a form of which is available on VivoPower's website at www.vivopower.com.

The purpose of the Audit and Risk Committee, as specified in the Audit and Risk Committee charter, includes, but is not limited to, assisting the Board in overseeing and monitoring:

● the Company's accounting and financial reporting processes and internal control over financial reporting;

● the audit and integrity of the Company's financial statements;

● the qualifications, independence, and performance of the Company's registered public accounting firm;

● the Company's compliance with accounting, regulatory and related legal requirements;

● risk assessment and risk management; and

● such other duties and responsibilities as are enumerated in or consistent with the terms of reference.

The Audit and Risk Committee is required to be composed exclusively of "independent directors," as defined under the Nasdaq listing standards and the rules and regulations of the SEC, and each of whom must be, among other requirements, "financially literate," as defined under the Nasdaq listing standards. The Nasdaq listing standards define "financially literate" as being able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a company's balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. In addition, VivoPower is required to certify to Nasdaq that the committee has at least one member who has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or other comparable experience or background that results in the individual's financial sophistication.

The Board has determined that William Langdon satisfies Nasdaq's definition of financial sophistication and also qualified as an "audit committee financial expert" as defined under rules and regulations of the SEC.

*Nomination Committee*

The Nomination Committee of the Board is comprised of William Langdon (who is Chair of the Nomination Committee), and Peter Jeavons, each of whom the Board has determined to be independent under the applicable Nasdaq listing standards. William Langdon and Peter Jeavons joined the committee on June 16, 2020.

The Nomination Committee has a written charter, a form of which is available on VivoPower's website at www.vivopower.com.

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The Nomination Committee is responsible for overseeing the selection of persons to be nominated to serve on VivoPower's Board.

The Nomination Committee considers persons identified by its members, management, shareholders, investment bankers and others. Pursuant to its charter, the Nomination Committee, before any appointment is made by the Board, evaluates the balance of skills, knowledge, experience and diversity on the Board, and, in the light of this evaluation, prepares a description of the role and capabilities required for a particular appointment, and consider candidates on merit and against objective criteria and with due regard for the benefits of diversity on the Board, taking care that appointees have enough time available to devote to the position.

The Nomination Committee considers a number of qualifications relating to management and leadership experience, background and integrity and professionalism in evaluating a person's candidacy for membership on the Board. The Nomination Committee may require certain skills or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific Board needs that arise from time to time and will also consider the overall experience and makeup of its members to obtain a broad and diverse mix of Board members. The Nomination Committee will not distinguish among nominees recommended by shareholders and other persons.

*Remuneration Committee*

The Remuneration Committee is comprised of Peter Jeavons (Chair of the Remuneration Committee), and William Langdon, each of whom the Board has determined is independent under the applicable Nasdaq listing standards. Peter Jeavons and William Langdon joined the committee on June 16, 2020.

The Remuneration Committee has a written charter, a form of which is available on VivoPower's website at www.vivopower.com.

The Remuneration Committee's duties, which are specified in our Remuneration Committee Charter, include, but are not limited to:

● setting the remuneration policy for all executive directors and executive officers, including pension rights and any compensation payments;

● reviewing the appropriateness and relevance of the remuneration policy;

● determining total individual compensation packages;

● reviewing and designing share incentive and share option plans, determining awards thereunder and administering such plans;

● approving design of, and targets for, performance-related pay schemes;

● determining pension arrangements;

● appointing compensation consultants;

● approving contractual appointment terms for directors and senior executives; and

● related duties.

*Sustainability Committee*

The Sustainability Committee is comprised of Peter Jeavons (chair of the Sustainability Committee) and Kevin Chin.

The Sustainability Committee has a written charter, a form of which is available on VivoPower's website at <u>www.vivopower.com</u>.

The Sustainability Committee's duties, which are specified in our Sustainability Committee Charter include, but are not limited to:

● oversee and monitor VivoPower's Safety and Health policies, procedures and programs and track any safety and health scorecards against benchmarks;

● review VivoPower's B Corp certification and governance policies and initiatives with a view to continuously improving VivoPower's B score;

● maintain, update and review the effectiveness of VivoPower's environmental policies and initiatives designed to ensure environmental sustainability and the minimization of the Company's environmental footprint;

● determining total individual compensation packages;

● review the effectiveness of VivoPower's policies and initiatives with regards to community and staff engagement as well as broader corporate social responsibility; and

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● oversee and monitor the reputational impacts of VivoPower's business strategies and practices, including policies and to ensure appropriate safeguards are in place for dealing fairly and ethically with customers, suppliers, competitors and other stakeholders.

***Code of Business Conduct and Ethics***

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all of our directors, executive officers and employees, including our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, controller, or other persons performing similar functions, which is a "code of ethics" as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F promulgated by the SEC. The full text of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on the investor relations section of our website at www.vivopower.com.

If we make any amendment to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or grant any waivers, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website to the extent required by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Under Item 16B of Form 20-F, if a waiver or amendment of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, or controller and relates to standards promoting any of the values described in Item 16B(b) of Form 20-F, we are required to disclose such waiver or amendment on our website in accordance with the requirements of Instruction 4 to such Item 16B.

**E. Employees**

As of June 30, 2025, we had 41 (June 30, 2024: 94; June 30, 2023: 108; June 30, 2022: 243) employees and subcontractors, as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **As at June 30, 2025** | **Australia** | **US** | **U.K.** | **Netherlands** | **Singapore** | **Philippines** | **Dubai** | **Pakistan** | **Total** |
| Sales and Business Development | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4 | 1 | 1 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | 11 |
| Central Services and Management | 4 | 2 | 1 |  | 4 | 2 | 1 |  | 14 |
| Engineering and Critical Power Services | 2 | - | 4 | 2 | 2 | - | 4 | 2 | 16 |
| **Total employees** | 10 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 41 |

---

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **As at June 30, 2024** | **Australia** | **US** | **U.K.** | **Netherlands** | **Singapore** | **Dubai** | **Philippines** | **Pakistan** | **Total** |
| Sales and Business Development | 3 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1 |  |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5 |
| Central Services and Management | 9 | 1 |  | 12 |  |  |  |  | 22 |
| Engineering and Critical Power Services | 46 | - |  | 21 |  |  |  |  | 67 |
| **Total employees** | 58 | 2 |  | 34 |  |  |  |  | 94 |

---

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| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **As at June 30, 2023** | **Australia** | **US** | **U.K.** | **Netherlands** | **Singapore** | **Dubai** | **Philippines** | **Pakistan** | **Total** |
| Sales and Business Development | 3 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9 |  |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 13 |
| Central Services and Management | 10 | 1 | 3 | 4 |  |  |  |  | 18 |
| Engineering and Critical Power Services | 53 | - | - | 24 |  |  |  |  | 77 |
| **Total employees** | 66 | 2 | 3 | 37 |  |  |  |  | 108 |

---

J.A. Martin's ex-solar operations contributed employees classified under the Engineering and Critical Power Services segment in prior years. However, since the financial year ended 30 June 2023, its employee numbers have been excluded given it was disposed in July 2022.

Kenshaw contributed employees classified under the Engineering and Critical Power Services segment in all financial years up to 30 June 2024. Kenshaw was divested in July 2024, and adjusting for this sale the number of employees for the financial year ended 30 June 2024 would be 27.

We have never experienced labor-related work stoppages or strikes and believe that we have good relations with our employees.

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**F. Share Ownership**

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of VivoPower Ordinary Shares as of June 30, 2025, by:

● each of our executive officers and directors; and

● all of our executive officers and directors as a group.

The beneficial ownership of VivoPower's Ordinary Shares is based on 12,527,212 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding on June 30, 2025. Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if such person has or shares the power to vote or direct the voting thereof, or to dispose or direct the disposition thereof or has the right to acquire such powers within 60 days.

Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all people named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by them.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name and Address**<br> **of Beneficial Owner (1)** | Number of Shares Beneficially Owned |  | Percentage of Outstanding Shares |
| **Kevin Chin (2)** | 1916297 | (3) | 15.3% |
| **Michael Hui** | 11282 |  | <1% |
| **William Langdon** | 7020 |  | <1% |
| **Peter Jeavons** | 6426 |  | <1% |
| **All Directors and Executive Officers as a group (4 persons)** | **1941025** |  | **15.5%** |

---

(1) Unless
 otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the individuals is c/o VivoPower International PLC, Blackwell House, Guildhall
 Yard, London England EC2V 5AE United Kingdom.

**(2)** The
 business address is at Level 11, 110 Mary Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.

**(3)** Represents
 shares held by Arowana Global Impact Pty Ltd (previously Arowana Partners Group Ltd), The Panaga Group Trust, KTFC Superannuation
 Fund and Chin Family Super Fund, of which Mr. Chin is a beneficiary and /or one of the directors of the corporate trustee of such
 fund, and AWN Holdings Limited for which Mr. Chin has shared voting power. However, it excludes shares held in charitable foundations,
 which Mr. Chin has gifted or donated shares in the Company too and where he has no beneficial interests or voting and investment
 power.

None of the above shareholders have different voting rights from other shareholders as of the date of this Annual Report.

***Equity Incentive Plan***

On July 3, 2017, the Board approved adoption of the Company's 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "Incentive Plan"), which was subsequently approved by shareholders. The purpose of the Incentive Plan is to provide a means through which the Company and its subsidiaries may attract and retain key personnel and to provide a means whereby personnel of the Company and its subsidiaries can acquire and maintain equity interests in the Company and align their interests with those of the Company's stockholders. Types of awards that may be granted under the Incentive Plan include options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units, stock bonus awards and performance compensation awards. The Remuneration Committee of the Board administers the Incentive Plan and determines the terms and conditions of the awards. Awards are evidenced by an award agreement containing the terms and conditions of each award. Under the Incentive Plan (or a Sub-Plan for Non-Employees that was also approved with the Incentive Plan), the Company may grant awards to employees, executives, officers, consultants, or advisors of the Company or its subsidiaries.

On July 6, 2023, the shareholders approved an amendment to the Incentive Plan allowing the number of Ordinary Shares reserved under the Incentive Plan to automatically increase each July 1, beginning on July 1, 2023, and ended on July 2, 2032, by 5.0% of the outstanding number of Ordinary Shares on the immediately preceding June 30, or such lesser amount as determined by the Company's Remuneration Committee.

On October 4, 2023, the Company announced a one-for-ten (1-10) reverse stock split and par value change of its Ordinary Shares which began trading on a post-split basis on October 6, 2023.

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During the financial years ended 30 June 2025, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the following awards, including Restricted Stock Units (RSUs), Performance Stock Units (PSUs) and Stock Subscription Warrants (BSAs), under the Incentive Plan have been granted, and have vested or forfeit:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Number of<br> RSUs, PSUs<br> and BSAs<br> (thousands)** | **Weighted<br> average grant<br> date fair value<br> $000** |
| Outstanding at June 30, 2022 | 279 | $471 |
| Granted | 912 | 303 |
| Vested | (356) | (123) |
| Forfeit | (178) | (320) |
| Outstanding at June 30, 2023 | 657 | $331 |
| Granted | 128 | 234 |
| Vested/Settled | (150) | (248) |
| Reverse stock split impact | (591) | (298) |
| Forfeit | (11) | (3) |
| Outstanding at June 30, 2024 | 33 | $613 |
| Granted | 151 | (323) |
| Vested | (95) | 613 |
| Forfeit | - | - |
| Outstanding at June 30, 2025 | 89 | 306 |

---

***Tembo Long Term Incentive Plan***

During FY23, Tembo e-LV BV established a performance incentive plan for participants to benefit from any potential future trade sale, IPO, recapitalization or merger of Tembo e-LV and subsidiaries within the EV business unit. In the event of such an action, participants will earn Long Term Incentive ("LTI") points according to an allocation decided by the Remuneration Committee of a profit share of 20% of the net gain made by the Company from the corporate action, less previously invested amounts.

**G. Disclosure of a Registrant's Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation**

There was no erroneously awarded compensation attributable to accounting restatements during or after the fiscal years ended 30 June, 2025 and 30 June, 2024.

**ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS**

**A. Major Shareholders**

The following table sets forth information with respect to beneficial ownership of our Ordinary Shares as of June 30, 2025 by each person known to us to beneficially own 5% and more of our Ordinary Shares.

The beneficial ownership of VivoPower's Ordinary Shares is determined based on 12,527,212 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding on June 30, 2025. Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if such person has or shares the power to vote or direct the voting thereof, or to dispose or direct the disposition thereof or has the right to acquire such powers within 60 days.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name and address of Beneficial Owner** | Amount and<br> Nature of<br> Beneficial<br> Ownership | Approximate<br> Percentage of<br> Beneficial<br> Ownership |
| **AWN Holdings Limited (1)** | 891618 | 7.1% |
| **Kevin Chin (2)** | 1.024.679 | 8.2% |
| **Thomas John Corley (3)** | 635000 | 5.1% |

---

**(1)** Represents
 shares held by AWN and its subsidiaries including Arowana Australasian Special Situations Fund 1 Pty Limited ("Arowana Fund
 Co"), Arowana Australasian VCMP 2, LP ("Arowana Fund GP"), Arowana Australasian Special Situations Partnership
 1, LP ("Arowana Fund"), Arowana Energy Holdings Pty Ltd. ("Arowana Energy"), AWN, as the controlling shareholder
 of each entity is deemed to beneficially own 891,618 Ordinary Shares. The business address of these entities is c/o AWN Holdings
 Limited, at Level 11, 110 Mary Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.

**(2)** As
 of 30 June 2025, Kevin Chin, through various entities, held a total of 1,024,679 shares of VVPR. The holdings are distributed as
 follows: The Panaga Group Trust holds 103,921 shares, Arowana Global Impact Pty Ltd holds 889,915 shares, the Chin Family Super Fund
 holds 28,275 shares, and the KTFC Super Fund holds 2,568 shares. This
 excludes VVPR shares held by charitable foundations which Mr. Chin has no beneficial ownership in but gifted or transferred VVPR
 shares to.

**(3)** As
 disclosed in a Schedule 13G/A filed by the reporting person on December 5, 2024. The address of the reporting person is 132 Washington
 Place State College, PA 16801.

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None of the above shareholders have different voting rights from other shareholders as of the date of this Annual Report.

**B. Related Party Transactions**

***Transactions and Balances with Related Persons***

Kevin Chin, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of VivoPower, is also Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of AWN. As of June 30, 2025, AWN held a 7.1% equity interest in the Company.

During the period, a number of services were provided to the Company from AWN and its subsidiaries; the extent of the transactions between the two groups is listed below.

On June 30, 2021, the Company agreed to refinance its existing $21.1 million shareholder loan with AWN Holdings Limited ("AWN"), with repayment of principal from January 1, 2023 in sixty monthly instalments of $0.35 million to loan maturity on December 31, 2027. The interest rate and line fee were agreed at 8% and 0.8% respectively, but no interest or line fee settlements are required until after a corporate liquidity event has occurred. In addition, the Company agreed to a refinancing fee of $0.34 million in two tranches on June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022. Security granted to AWN comprised of the Specific Security Deed and the General Security.

On January 11, 2023, amendments to the loan were agreed with AWN:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to
 defer repayment of principal to commence on April 1, 2025, with repayments over 60 months to March 31, 2030.

(ii) to
 defer interest payments from October 1, 2023, becoming due and payable on the earlier of a) completion by VivoPower of a debt or
 equity raise of at least $25 million, and b) October 1, 2024.

(iii) to
 extend the increased interest rate and line fee of 10.00% and 2.00% per annum respectively commenced on October 1, 2021 to the earlier
 of a) March 31, 2025 or b) the date a minimum prepayment of $1,000,000 is made.

(iv) to
 extend the initial refinancing fee accruing incrementally at 1.6% per annum from July 1, 2021 and become payable at the earlier of
 a) $1.0 million prepayment being made or b) April 1, 2025.

(v) to
 defer the repayment date of the previous fixed facility extension fee of $0.355 million, becoming payable on April 1, 2025.

(vi) In
 addition to previously agreed refinancing fees, an additional $0.855 million fixed refinancing fee will accrue immediately and become
 payable on April 1, 2025.

On June 30, 2023, further amendments to the loan were agreed with AWN:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to
 defer interest payments from October 1, 2024 to April 1, 2025, and to replace the conditional requirement to repay accrued interest
 upon completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million, with the conditional requirement to make repayments
 of interest and/or principal to meet the mandatory repayment schedule described in sections (ii) and (iii) below following a qualifying
 liquidity event.

(ii) upon
 completion by VivoPower International PLC of a qualifying liquidity event of at least $5.0 million, Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited
 are required to make mandatory prepayment of principal and interest to AWN in accordance with the following schedule:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) proceeds
 $5 million to $7.5 million - pay 25% of amounts raised;

b) proceeds
 $7.5 million to $12.5 million - pay $1.875 million plus 45% of amounts raised;

c) proceeds
 $12.5 million and above - pay $4.125 million plus 50% of amounts raised.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) for
 the purposes of the mandatory prepayment requirement, a 'qualifying liquidity event' excludes direct investments into
 VivoPower's subsidiary, Tembo, and debt raised in respect of working capital finance facilities, but includes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) equity
 or debt raise;

b) trade
 sale of underlying subsidiary or business unit (including, for example, Aevitas and Caret); and

c) loan
 repayment from Tembo to VivoPower.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) as
 consideration for the concessions agreed with AWN, VivoPower International PLC committed to issue AWN with 500,000 warrants, with
 a duration of 12 months, at an exercise price of $6.70 per share.

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On June 30, 2024, VivoPower amended its shareholder loan financing agreement with AWN. The loan includes a facility limit of $34 million, of which a drawdown of $8.1 million principal is due to be repaid in the current period, and $20.9 million principal is non-current. In addition, there is $12 million in interest and fees on the AWN loan due to be repaid in the current period. The agreement consolidated all shareholder loans into a single tranche. AWN also received an option to acquire 1,150,000 Tembo shares, post-business combination with Cactus Acquisition Corp 1 Limited at $1.35 per share. Post balance date, AWN agreed to a 9 month grace period for the repayment of $11 million accrued interest, and a deferral of $8.9 million of principal for repayment from April 1, 2025 to January 1, 2026. This renders all but $1 million of interest non-current in nature, and all of the loan principal non-current.

In December 2021, a short term loan of $1.1 million (AU$1.5 million) was provided from AWN to Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited at an interest rate of 10.0%, increasing to 12.5% from January 1, 2022. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as April 30, 2022, then extended on June 30, 2022, to October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower International PLC of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million was dropped on June 30, 2023. Facility extension fees of $29,000 (AU$40,000) and $43,500 (AU$60,000) are payable upon maturity, relating to the two extensions respectively.

On February 22, 2022, a short term $3.0 million loan was provided from AWN to Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited, with interest rate of 10.00% per annum payable on the principal sum upon maturity. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as May 13, 2022, then extended on June 30, 2022, to October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million was dropped on June 30, 2023. Facility extension fees of $85,000 and $110,000 are payable upon maturity, relating to the two extensions respectively.

On December 22, 2022, a short term $3.0 million loan was provided from AWN to Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited, with interest rate of BBSY bid floating rate (on average 3.60% for the period from inception to June 30, 2023) plus fixed margin of 15.0% per annum payable on the principal sum upon maturity. A 1% establishment fee of $30,000 was deducted upon initial loan drawdown, and a further 3% exit fee of $90,000 is payable on expiry. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million was agreed on January 11, 2023, then dropped on June 30, 2023. A facility extension fee of $115,000 is payable upon maturity.

In February and March 2023, further short term loans of AU$0.5 million and AU$0.25 million were established between AWN and Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited, drawn down between February and May 2023. The loans have interest rate of BBSY bid floating rate plus fixed margin of 15.0% per annum payable on the principal sum upon maturity, with expiry dates of June 30, 2023. 1% facility establishment fees of total AU$7,500 were deducted upon loan drawdowns, and further 3% exit fees of total AU$22,500 are payable on expiry. On June 30, 2023, the expiry of the loans was amended to August 31, 2023.

Michael Hui, non-executive director of VivoPower International PLC, is also an employee and director of AWN. Mr. Hui is paid fees of $50,000 per annum during the year. Mr. Hui elected to receive 100% of his fees in cash. $50,000 remaining accrued and payable as at June 30, 2024. Mr. Hui also receives equity-based remuneration in relation to his involvement in management of Critical Power Services segment, and the hyper-turnaround and hyperscaling program. Of the 17,500 ($13,125) annual retention RSUs granted on April 1, 2020, vesting annually from June 2021 to June 2026, 350 RSUs ($263) vested in the current year. Of the 5,250 ($39,375) performance RSUs vesting quarterly from September 2020 to June 2023, dependent on meeting quarterly performance goals, 631 RSUs ($4,736) vested in 2023. A further 2,000 annual retention RSUs ($5,200) were granted to Mr. Hui on January 11, 2023, vesting annually from December 2023 to December 2025.

From time to time, costs incurred by AWN on behalf of VivoPower are recharged to the Company. During the year ended June 30, 2025, nil was recharged to the Company (year ended June 30, 2024: $0.6 million; year ended June 30, 2023: $1.1 million). At June 30, 2025, the Company has a payable to AWN in respect of recharges of nil (June 30, 2024: $0.9 million, June 30, 2023: $1.4 million).

Aevitas is indebted to The Panaga Group Trust, of which Mr. Kevin Chin is a beneficiary and one of the directors of the corporate trustee of such trust, with 4,697 Aevitas Preference Shares, of face value A$46,970. The Panaga Group Trust earned AU$5,085 ($3,322) dividends on the Aevitas Preference Shares during the year ended June 30, 2023.

Chairman's fees for Kevin Chin in the amount of £68,000 ($87,953) were charged to the Company by Arowana Global Impact Pty Ltd ("AGI", formerly Arowana Partners Group Pty Ltd) in the current year. A further $0.5 million (as of June 30, 2024: $0.4 million) incurred by AGI on behalf of the Company were recharged to the Company in the year. At June 30, 2025, the Company had an account payable of $1.2 million (as of June 30, 2024: $0.7 million) in respect of these services. Mr. Chin is a shareholder and director of AGI during the year ended June 30, 2025.

As CEO, Mr. Chin is paid £325,000 base fees, £38,000 annual professional development allowance. A further $0.5 million incurred by Arowana International UK Limited were recharged to the Company in the year. Of the base salary in FY23, 4 months were paid in cash, whilst for 8 months, Mr. Chin agreed to receive payment in the form of 541,666 cashless warrants in VivoPower shares, exercisable in the period June 3, 2024 to June 3, 2029 at an exercise price of $0.60. Shares issued following exercising of warrants remain restricted for 12 months. Mr. Chin has allocated these warrants to a benevolent cause, the ASEAN Foundation. At June 30, 2025, the Company had an account payable of $1.3 million in respect of these services and recharges.

Mr. Chin received equity-based remuneration in relation to his involvement in leading the hyper-turnaround and hyperscaling program of VivoPower, when he stepped in to become Chief Executive Officer in March 2020. Of the 8,720 ($65,400) annual retention RSUs granted on *April 1, 2020,* vesting annually from *June 2021* to *June 2026,* 1,744 RSUs ($13,080) vested in 2023. Of the 26,160 ($196,200) performance RSUs vesting quarterly from *September 2020* to *June 2023,* dependent on meeting quarterly performance goals, 3,146 RSUs ($23,592) vested in 2023. In *December 2021,* the Remuneration Committee approved an equity award of RSUs in relation to short-term incentives for the year ended *June 30, 2022,* vesting in *June 2023* deferred from *June 2022.* The award vested 9,429 RSUs ($275,330), based on Mr. Chin's base salary £325,000 *x* 1.3237 exchange rate *x* 64% performance measurement / $2.92 VWAP (Volume weighted average price). A further 2,000 annual retention RSUs ($5,200) were granted to Mr. Chin on *January 11, 2023,* vesting annually from *December 2023* to *December 2025.*

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On November 26, 2021, AGI provided a loan of $0.37 million to Caret, to provide working capital assistance. The loan incurred interest during the year of $22,895 at a below market rate of 8% plus a 2% facility fee, plus a one-off establishment fee of $7,400. The loan plus interest were repaid in August 2022.

In August 2023, the Company received short-term funding from Arowana International UK Limited amounting to £25,000 for working capital purposes which was repaid in September 2023. In addition, the Company also received an interest only basis loan amounting $48,000 from Arowana United Enterprises Pte Ltd in October 6, 2023 stipulating a nominal rate of 8% per annum.

***VivoPower Policy on Conflicts of Interest***

VivoPower's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics requires that situations that could be reasonably expected to give rise to a conflict of interest be fully disclosed to the Company's Compliance Officer and provides that conflicts of interest may only be waived by the Board or an appropriate committee of the Board. Under the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, a conflict of interest is deemed to occur when an employee's private interest interferes, or appears to interfere, with the interests of the Company as a whole, and in general the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics provides that, subject to certain exceptions in the Code, the following should be considered conflicts of interest: (i) no employee may be employed or engaged by a business that competes with the Company or deprives it of any business; (ii) no employee should use corporate property, information or his or her position with the Company to secure a business opportunity that would otherwise be available to the Company; (iii) no employee may obtain loans or guarantees of personal obligations from, or enter into any other personal financial transaction with, any company that is a material customer, supplier, financing partner or competitor of the Company. This guideline does not prohibit arms-length transactions with recognized banks or other financial institutions; (iv) no employee may have any financial interest (ownership or otherwise), either directly or indirectly through a spouse or other family member, in any other business or entity if such interest adversely affects the employee's performance of duties or responsibilities to the Company, or requires the employee to devote time to it during such employee's working hours at the Company except that with the prior approval of the Board, an employee may hold up to 5% ownership interest in a publicly traded company that is in competition with the Company; provided that if the employee's ownership interest in such publicly traded company increases to more than 5%, the employee must immediately report such ownership to the Compliance Officer; no employee may hold any ownership interest in a privately held company that is in competition with the Company except with the prior approval of the board; and no employee may hold any ownership interest in a company that has a business relationship with the Company if such employee's duties at the Company include managing or supervising the Company's business relations with that company.

The Company's Audit and Risk Committee, pursuant to its written charter, is responsible for maintaining oversight of conflict of interest transactions to help to ensure that they are appropriately disclosed and make recommendations to the Board regarding authorization. The Audit and Risk Committee considers all relevant factors when determining whether to approve a conflict of interest transaction, including whether the conflict of interest transaction is on terms no less favorable than terms generally available to an unaffiliated third-party under the same or similar circumstances and the extent of the related party's interest in the transaction. The Company requires each of its directors and executive officers to complete an annual directors' and officers' questionnaire that elicits information about conflict of interest transactions.

These procedures are intended to determine whether any such conflict of interest impairs the independence of a director or presents a conflict of interest on the part of a director, employee or officer.

The Company also complies with English law provisions in relation to directors' conflicts contained in the Companies Act 2006 and specific provisions contained in the Company's articles of association. The Companies Act 2006 permits directors of U.K. public limited companies to have conflicts of interests provided that their articles of association permit directors to authorize a conflict and the directors do authorize any such conflict in accordance with such provision.

**C. Interests of Experts and Counsel**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

**A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information**

See "Item 18—Financial Statements" and the financial statements referred to therein.

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**Legal Proceedings**

The Company is currently involved in the following ongoing legal disputes with suppliers to Tembo:

---

| |
|:---|
| BMS Design |
| Podium Technologies |
| Hebels |
| Compliance Quest |

---

**Dividend Policy**

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our Ordinary Shares, and we currently do not plan to declare dividends on our Ordinary Shares in the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends to holders of our Ordinary Shares will be at the discretion of our Board and will depend upon many factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, projections, liquidity, earnings, legal requirements, restrictions in our debt arrangements and other factors that our Board deem relevant.

**B. Significant Changes**

Except as disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report, there have been no significant changes since June 30, 2024.

**ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING**

**A. Offering and Listing Details**

The principal host market for the Ordinary Shares of VivoPower is The Nasdaq Capital Market and the shares are traded under the symbol "VVPR."

**B. Plan of Distribution**

Not applicable.

**C. Markets**

Since December 29, 2016, our Ordinary Shares have been listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol "VVPR."

**D. Selling Shareholders**

Not applicable.

**E. Dilution**

Not applicable.

**F. Expenses of the Issue**

Not applicable.

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**ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION**

**A. Share Capital**

Not applicable.

**B. Memorandum and Articles of Association**

We incorporate by reference into this Annual Report the description of our memorandum and articles of association set forth under "Description of VivoPower Securities – Key Provisions of our Articles of Association" in our registration statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-213297) filed with the SEC on November 21, 2016.

**C. Material Contracts**

See "Item 4.B. Business Overview," "Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources", "Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees" and "Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions."

The following material contracts, which were outside of the ordinary course of business, were entered into during the year ended June 30, 2025 (including the exhibits thereto).

● On 28 May 2025, VivoPower reached agreement with certain investors, including Ceres Holding Limited, for a private capital raise of 20 million ordinary shares at $6.05 per share, under Regulation S. The issuance of the shares is subject to shareholder approval to increase the authorized share capital and expand the Company's business into digital-asset-focused treasury and decentralized-finance solutions.

● On 30 May 2025, VivoPower entered into a Regulation S subscription agreement for a private capital raise of 400,000 ordinary shares at $4.24 per share.

● On 5 May 2025, VivoPower entered into a Regulation S subscription agreement for a private capital raise of 530,000 ordinary shares at $1.70 per share.

● On 5 May 2025, VivoPower entered into a Regulation S subscription agreement for a private capital raise of 270,000 ordinary shares at $1.70 per share.

● On September 17, 2024, VivoPower entered into a placement agency agreement with Chardan Capital Markets LLC to act as exclusive placement agent on a best-efforts basis in connection with an offering of up to 10,000,000 ordinary shares at a price of $1.25 per share. The offering was conducted under the Company's Form F-1 registration statement, declared effective on August 29, 2024, resulting in gross proceeds raised of approximately $4 million.

● On August 29, 2024, Tembo executed a definitive business combination agreement with Cactus Acquisition Corp. 1 Limited, a Nasdaq-listed special purpose acquisition company. The agreement assigned a pro forma enterprise value of approximately $904 million to the combined entity, assuming no redemptions by Cactus public shareholders, and precluded any further direct investment into Tembo.

**D. Exchange Controls**

Other than applicable taxation, anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing law and regulation and certain economic sanctions which may be in force from time to time, there are no English laws or regulation, or any provision of our articles of association, which would prevent the import or export of capital or the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments by us to holders of our Ordinary Shares who are not residents of the U.K. on a general basis.

**E. Taxation**

**U.K. Tax Considerations**

*The following statements are a general guide to certain aspects of current U.K. tax law and the current published practice of HM Revenue and Customs, both of which are subject to change, possibly with retrospective effect.*

*The following statements are intended to apply to holders of Ordinary Shares who are only resident for tax purposes in the U.K., who hold the Ordinary Shares as investments and who are the beneficial owners of the Ordinary Shares. The statements may not apply to certain classes of holders of Ordinary Shares, such as dealers in securities and persons acquiring Ordinary Shares in connection with their employment. Prospective investors in Ordinary Shares who are in any doubt as to their tax position regarding the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the Ordinary Shares should consult their own tax advisers.*

***Dividends***

*Withholding tax*

We will not be required to deduct or withhold U.K. tax at source from dividend payments we make.

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*Individuals*

U.K. resident and domiciled holders do not have to pay tax on the first £500 of dividend income received in the 2024/2025 U.K. tax year (the "dividend allowance"). However, tax will be levied on any dividends received over the dividend allowance at 8.75% on dividend income within the basic rate band, 33.75% on dividend income within the higher rate band and 39.35% on dividend income within the additional rate band.

*Corporate shareholders within the charge to U.K. corporation tax*

Holders of Ordinary Shares within the charge to U.K. corporation tax which are "small companies" for the purposes of Chapter 2 of Part 9A of the Corporation Tax Act 2009 (for the purposes of U.K. taxation of dividends) will not be subject to U.K. corporation tax on any dividend received from us provided certain conditions are met (including an anti-avoidance condition).

Other holders within the charge to U.K. corporation tax will not normally be subject to tax on dividends from us, provided that one of a number of possible exemptions applies.

If the conditions for exemption are not met or cease to be satisfied, or such a holder elects for an otherwise exempt dividend to be taxable, the holder will be subject to U.K. corporation tax on dividends received from us, at the applicable rate of U.K. corporation tax 25% for companies with profits in excess of £250,000, 19% for companies with profits below £50,000, and marginal relief for companies with profits between £50,000 and £250,000).

***Capital gains***

*Individuals*

For individual holders who are resident in the U.K. and individual holders who are temporarily non-resident and subsequently resume residence in the U.K. within a certain time, the principal factors that will determine the U.K. capital gains tax position on a disposal or deemed disposal of Ordinary Shares are the extent to which the holder realizes any other capital gains in the U.K. tax year in which the disposal is made, the extent to which the holder has incurred unrelieved capital losses in that or earlier U.K. tax years, and the level of the annual allowance of tax-free gains in that U.K. tax year (the "annual exemption"). The current annual exemption for the 2024/2025 tax year is £3,000 for individuals and personal representatives, and £1,500 for most trustees.

Subject to any reliefs that may be available, an individual holder will be subject to capital gains tax on any gain above the annual exemption amount at a rate of 10 % or 20% depending on the total amount of the individual's taxable income in the same tax year as the disposal takes place.

*Companies*

A disposal or deemed disposal of Ordinary Shares by a holder within the charge to U.K. corporation tax may give rise to a chargeable gain or allowable loss for the purposes of U.K. corporation tax, depending on the circumstances and subject to any exemptions or reliefs that apply or may be available. UK corporation tax is charged on chargeable gains at the current main rate of 25% for companies with profits exceeding £250,000, and a lower rate of 19% for companies with profits up to £50,000. Marginal relief applies to companies with profits between these amounts, providing a gradual increase in the corporation tax rate from 19% to 25%.. Holders within the charge to U.K. corporation tax will, for the purposes of computing chargeable gains, be allowed to claim an indexation allowance which applies to reduce capital gains (but not to create or increase an allowable loss) to the extent that such gains arise due to inflation although the allowance has now been frozen and now only applies to assets acquired prior to 31 December 2017.

***Stamp Duty and Stamp Duty Reserve Tax (***"***SDRT***"***)***

The statements in this section entitled "Stamp Duty and Stamp Duty Reserve Tax ("SDRT") are intended as a general guide to the current United Kingdom stamp duty and SDRT position. The discussion below relates to holders wherever resident, but investors should note that certain categories of person are not liable to stamp duty or SDRT and others may be liable at a higher rate or may, although not primarily liable for tax, be required to notify and account for SDRT under the Stamp Duty Reserve Tax Regulations 1986.

*General*

Except in relation to depositary receipt systems and clearance services (to which the special rules outlined below apply):

● No stamp duty or SDRT will arise on the issue of our shares;

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● An agreement to transfer our shares will normally give rise to a charge to SDRT at the rate of 0.5% of the amount or value of the consideration payable for the transfer. SDRT is, in general, payable by the purchaser;

● Instruments transferring our shares will generally be subject to stamp duty at the rate of 0.5% of the consideration given for the transfer (rounded up to the next £5). The purchaser normally pays the stamp duty; and,

● If a duly stamped transfer completing an agreement to transfer is produced within six years of the date on which the agreement is made (or, if the agreement is conditional, the date on which the agreement becomes unconditional), any SDRT already paid is generally repayable, normally with interest, and any SDRT charge yet to be paid is cancelled.

*Depositary Receipt Systems and Clearance Services*

U.K. domestic law provides that where our Ordinary Shares are issued or transferred to a depositary receipt system or clearance service (or their nominees or agents) SDRT (in the case of an issue of shares) and stamp duty or SDRT (in the case of a transfer of shares) may be payable, broadly at the higher rate of 1.5% of the amount or value of the consideration given (or, in certain circumstances, the value of the shares) (rounded up to the nearest £5 in the case of stamp duty). Generally, transfers within such depositary receipt system or clearance service are thereafter not subject to stamp duty or SDRT, provided that (in the case of a clearance service) no election under section 97A of the Finance Act 1986 has been made (as to which, see further below).

However, following the European Court of Justice decision in C-569/07 HSBC Holdings PLC, Vidacos Nominees Limited v. The Commissioners of Her Majesty's Revenue & Customs and the First-tier Tax Tribunal decision in HSBC Holdings Plc and The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation v. The Commissioners of Her Majesty's Revenue & Customs ("HMRC"), HMRC has confirmed that a charge to 1.5% SDRT is no longer payable when new shares are issued to a depositary receipt system or clearance service (such as, in our understanding, The Depository Trust Company ("DTC").

HMRC remains of the view that where our shares are transferred (a) to, or to a nominee or an agent for, a person whose business is or includes the provision of clearance services or (b) to, or to a nominee or an agent for, a person whose business is or includes issuing depositary receipts, stamp duty or SDRT will generally be payable at the higher rate of 1.5% of the amount or value of the consideration given or, in certain circumstances, the value of our shares.

There is an exception from the 1.5% charge on the transfer to, or to a nominee or agent for, a clearance service where the clearance service has made and maintained an election under section 97A(1) of the Finance Act 1986 which has been approved by HMRC. In these circumstances, SDRT at the rate of 0.5% of the amount or value of the consideration payable for the transfer will arise on any transfer of our shares into such a clearance service and on subsequent agreements to transfer such shares within such clearance service. It is our understanding that DTC has not made an election under section 97A(1) of the Finance Act of 1986, and that therefore transfers or agreements to transfer shares held in book entry (i.e., electronic) form within the facilities of DTC should not be subject to U.K. stamp duty or SDRT.

Any liability for stamp duty or SDRT in respect of a transfer into a clearance service or depositary receipt system, or in respect of a transfer within such a service, which does arise will strictly be accountable by the clearance service or depositary receipt system operator or their nominee, as the case may be, but will, in practice, be payable by the participants in the clearance service or depositary receipt system.

**Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations**

The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our Ordinary Shares by a U.S. holder (as defined below). This summary addresses only the U.S. federal income tax considerations for U.S. holders that hold such Ordinary Shares as capital assets. This summary does not address all U.S. federal income tax matters that may be relevant to a particular U.S. holder. This summary does not address tax considerations applicable to a holder of Ordinary Shares that may be subject to special tax rules including, without limitation, the following:

● banks, financial institutions or insurance companies;

● brokers, dealers or traders in securities, currencies, commodities, or notional principal contracts;

● tax-exempt entities or organizations, including an "individual retirement account" or "Roth IRA" as defined in Section 408 or 408A of the Code (as defined below), respectively;

● real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies or grantor trusts;

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● persons that hold the Ordinary Shares as part of a "hedging," "integrated" or "conversion" transaction or as a position in a "straddle" for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

● partnerships (including entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) or other pass-through entities, or persons that will hold our shares through such an entity;

● S corporations;

● certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;

● persons that received our shares as compensation for the performance of services;

● holders that own directly, indirectly, or through attribution 10% or more of the voting power or value of our shares; and

● holders that have a "functional currency" other than the U.S. dollar.

Further, this summary does not address the U.S. federal estate, gift, or alternative minimum tax considerations, or any U.S. state, local, or non-U.S. tax considerations of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our Ordinary Shares.

This description is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, existing, proposed and temporary U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof; and the income tax treaty between the U.S. and the U.K., in each case as in effect and available on the date hereof. All the foregoing is subject to change, which change could apply retroactively, and to differing interpretations, all of which could affect the tax considerations described below. There can be no assurances that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, will not take a contrary or different position concerning the tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our Ordinary Shares or that such a position would not be sustained.

For the purposes of this summary, a "U.S. holder" is a beneficial owner of Ordinary Shares that is (or is treated as), for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

● an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

● a corporation, or other entity that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;

● an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or,

● a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of the substantial decisions of such trust or has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United States person.

If a partnership (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Ordinary Shares, the U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to an investment in our Ordinary Shares will depend in part upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Such a partner or partnership should consult its tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax considerations of acquiring, owning and disposing of our Ordinary Shares in its particular circumstances.

As indicated below, this discussion is subject to U.S. federal income tax rules applicable to a "passive foreign investment company," or a PFIC.

The following summary is of a general nature only and is not a substitute for careful tax planning and advice. Persons considering an investment in our Ordinary Shares should consult their own tax advisors as to the particular tax consequences applicable to them relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares, including the applicability of U.S. federal, state and local tax laws and non-U.S. tax laws.

**THIS DISCUSSION IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. INVESTORS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP, AND DISPOSITION OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES ARISING UNDER THE U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE OR GIFT TAX LAWS OR UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL, OR NON-U.S. TAXING JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE INCOME TAX TREATY.**

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***Distributions***

Subject to the discussion under "*Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations*," below, the gross amount of any distribution actually or constructively received by a U.S. holder with respect to Ordinary Shares will be taxable to the U.S. holder as a dividend to the extent of the U.S. holder's pro rata share of our current and accumulated earnings and profits as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be non-taxable to the U.S. holder to the extent of, and will be applied against and reduce, the U.S. holder's adjusted tax basis in the Ordinary Shares. Distributions in excess of earnings and profits and such adjusted tax basis will generally be taxable to the U.S. holder as either long-term or short-term capital gain depending upon whether the U.S. holder has held our Ordinary Shares for more than one year as of the time such distribution is received. However, since we do not calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, it is expected that any distribution will be reported as a dividend, even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above. With respect to non-corporate U.S. holders, dividends generally will be taxed at the lower applicable long-term capital gains rate if our Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S. or we are eligible for benefits of the income tax treaty between the U.S. and the U.K. and certain other requirements are met. In addition, if we are classified as a PFIC in a taxable year in which a dividend is paid or the prior year, this lower tax rate will not be available. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of such lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our Ordinary Shares.

In general, the amount of a distribution paid to a U.S. holder in a foreign currency will be the dollar value of the foreign currency calculated by reference to the spot exchange rate on the day the U.S. holder receives the distribution, regardless of whether the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars at that time. Any foreign currency gain or loss a U.S. holder realizes on a subsequent conversion of foreign currency into U.S. dollars will be U.S. source ordinary income or loss. If dividends received in a foreign currency are converted into U.S. dollars on the day they are received, a U.S. holder should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend.

***Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Our Ordinary Shares***

Subject to the discussion below under "*Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations*," a U.S. holder will generally recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized from such sale or exchange and the U.S. holder's tax basis for those Ordinary Shares. Subject to the discussion under "*Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations*" below, this gain or loss will generally be a capital gain or loss and will generally be treated as from sources within the United States. The adjusted tax basis in an ordinary share generally will be equal to the cost of such ordinary share. Capital gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Ordinary Shares of a non-corporate U.S. holder is generally eligible for a preferential rate of taxation applicable to capital gains, if the non-corporate U.S. holder's holding period determined at the time of such sale, exchange or other taxable disposition for such Ordinary Shares exceeds one year (i.e., such gain is long-term taxable gain). The deductibility of capital losses for U.S. federal income tax purposes is subject to limitations under the Code. Any such gain or loss that a U.S. holder recognizes generally will be treated as U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

*Medicare Tax*. Certain U.S. holders that are individuals, estates or trusts are subject to a 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their "net investment income," which may include all or a portion of their dividend income and net gains from the disposition of Ordinary Shares. Each U.S. holder that is an individual, estate or trust is urged to consult its tax advisors regarding the applicability of the Medicare tax to its income and gains in respect of its investment in our Ordinary Shares.

***Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations***

If we are classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, in any taxable year, a U.S. holder would be subject to special rules generally intended to reduce or eliminate any benefits from the deferral of U.S. federal income tax that a U.S. holder could derive from investing in a non-U.S. company that does not distribute all of its earnings on a current basis.

A corporation organized outside the United States generally will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in which, after applying certain look-through rules with respect to the income and assets of its subsidiaries, either: (i) at least 75% of its gross income is "passive income" or (ii) at least 50% of the average quarterly value of its total gross assets (which, assuming we are not a Controlled Foreign Company ("CFC") for the year being tested, would be measured by fair market value of the assets, and for which purpose the total value of our assets may be determined in part by the market value of our Ordinary Shares, which is subject to change) is attributable to assets that produce "passive income" or are held for the production of "passive income."

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Passive income for this purpose generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents, gains from commodities and securities transactions and the excess of gains over losses from the disposition of assets which produce passive income, and also includes amounts derived by reason of the temporary investment of funds raised in offerings of our Ordinary Shares. If a non-U.S. corporation owns directly or indirectly at least 25% by value of the stock of another corporation, the non-U.S. corporation is treated for purposes of the PFIC tests as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and as receiving directly its proportionate share of the other corporation's income for the purposes of the PFIC tests. If we are classified as a PFIC in any year with respect to which a U.S. holder owns our Ordinary Shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to such U.S. holder in all succeeding years during which the U.S. holder owns our Ordinary Shares, regardless of whether we continue to meet the tests described above, unless (i) we cease to be a PFIC and (ii) the U.S. holder makes a "deemed sale" election under PFIC rules.

We believe that we were not a PFIC during our 2024 taxable year and do not expect to be a PFIC during our 2025 taxable year. Our status for any taxable year will depend on the composition of our income and the projected composition and estimated fair market values of our assets and activities in each year, and because this is a factual determination made annually after the end of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year. The market value of our assets may be determined in large part by reference to the market price of our Ordinary Shares, which are likely to fluctuate. Further, even if we determine that we are not a PFIC after the close of our taxable year, there can be no assurances that the IRS will agree with our conclusion.

If we are a PFIC, for any taxable year, then unless a U.S. holder makes one of the elections described below, a special tax regime will apply to both (a) any "excess distribution" by us to such U.S. holder (generally, the U.S. holder's ratable portion of distributions in any year which are greater than 125% of the average annual distribution received by the U.S. holder in the shorter of the three preceding years or the U.S. holder's holding period for our Ordinary Shares) and (b) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares. Under this regime, any excess distribution and realized gain will be treated as ordinary income and will be subject to tax as if (a) the excess distribution or gain had been realized ratably over the U.S. holder's holding period, (b) the amount deemed realized in each year had been subject to tax in each year of that holding period at the highest marginal rate for such year (other than income allocated to the current period or any taxable period before we became a PFIC, which would be subject to tax at the U.S. holder's regular ordinary income rate for the current year and would not be subject to the interest charge discussed below), and (c) the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax had been imposed on the taxes deemed to have been payable in those years. In addition, dividend distributions made to the U.S. holder will not qualify for the lower rates of taxation applicable to long-term capital gains discussed above under "Distributions."

Certain elections exist that may alleviate some of the adverse consequences of PFIC status and would result in an alternative treatment (such as mark-to-market treatment) of our Ordinary Shares. If a U.S. holder makes the mark-to-market election, the U.S. holder generally will recognize as ordinary income any excess of the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares at the end of each taxable year over their adjusted tax basis, and will recognize an ordinary loss in respect of any excess of the adjusted tax basis of the Ordinary Shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election). If a U.S. holder makes the election, the U.S. holder's tax basis in the Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect these income or loss amounts. Any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares in a year when we are a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as an ordinary loss (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election). The mark-to-market election is available only if we are a PFIC and our Ordinary Shares are "regularly traded" on a "qualified exchange." Our Ordinary Shares will be treated as "regularly traded" in any calendar year in which more than a de minimis quantity of the Ordinary Shares are traded on a qualified exchange on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (subject to the rule that trades that have as one of their principal purposes the meeting of the trading requirement are disregarded). The Nasdaq Capital Market is a qualified exchange for this purpose and, consequently, if the Ordinary Shares are regularly traded, the mark-to-market election will be available to a U.S. holder.

If we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. holder holds our Ordinary Shares, we must generally continue to be treated as a PFIC by that U.S. holder for all succeeding years during which the U.S. holder holds our Ordinary Shares, unless we cease to meet the requirements for PFIC status and the U.S. holder makes a "deemed sale" election with respect to our Ordinary Shares. If such election is made, the U.S. holder will be deemed to have sold our Ordinary Shares it holds at their fair market value on the last day of the last taxable year in which we qualified as a PFIC, and any gain from such deemed sale would be subject to the consequences applicable to sales of PFIC shares described above. After the deemed sale election, the U.S. holder's Ordinary Shares with respect to which the deemed sale election was made will not be treated as shares in a PFIC unless we subsequently become a PFIC.

The tax consequences that would apply if we were a PFIC would also be different from those described above if a U.S. holder were able to make a valid "qualified electing fund," or QEF, election. However, we do not currently intend to provide the information necessary for U.S. holders to make a QEF election if we were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year and prospective investors should assume that a QEF election will not be available. U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors to determine whether any of these elections would be available and if so, what the consequences of the alternative treatments would be in their particular circumstances.

If we are determined to be a PFIC, the general tax treatment for U.S. holders described in this section would apply to indirect distributions and gains deemed to be realized by U.S. holders in respect of any of our subsidiaries that also may be determined to be PFICs.

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If a U.S. holder owns Ordinary Shares during any taxable year in which we are a PFIC and the U.S. holder recognizes gain on a disposition of our Ordinary Shares, receives distributions with respect to our Ordinary Shares, or has made a mark-to-market election with respect to our Ordinary Shares the U.S. holder generally will be required to file an IRS Form 8621 (Information Return by a Shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund) with respect to the company, generally with the U.S. holder's federal income tax return for that year. In addition, in general, a U.S. person who is shareholder of a PFIC is required to file an IRS Form 8621 annually to report information regarding such person's PFIC shares if on the last day of the shareholder's taxable year the aggregate value of all stock owned directly or indirectly by the shareholder exceeds $25,000 ($50,000 for joint filers), or for stock owned indirectly through another PFIC exceeds $5,000. If a U.S. person holds an interest in a domestic partnership (or a domestic entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) or an S corporation that owns interest in a PFIC, as long as the partnership or S corporation itself has filed the form and has made a qualified electing fund or mark-to-market election, the members of the partnership aren't required to file the IRS Form 8621. If our company were a PFIC for a given taxable year, then U.S. holders should consult their tax advisor concerning their annual filing requirements.

**The U.S. federal income tax rules relating to PFICs are complex. Prospective U.S. holders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Ordinary Shares, the consequences to them of an investment in a PFIC, any elections available with respect to our Ordinary Shares and the IRS information reporting obligations with respect to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary share.**

***Backup Withholding and Information Reporting***

U.S. holders generally will be subject to information reporting requirements with respect to dividends on Ordinary Shares and on the proceeds from the sale, exchange or disposition of Ordinary Shares that are paid within the United States or through U.S.-related financial intermediaries, unless the U.S. holder is an "exempt recipient." In addition, U.S. holders may be subject to backup withholding on such payments, unless the U.S. holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and a duly executed IRS Form W-9 or otherwise establishes an exemption. Backup withholding is not an additional tax, and the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. holder's U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

***Certain Reporting Requirements with Respect to Payments of Offer Price***

U.S. holders paying more than $100,000 for our Ordinary Shares generally may be required to file IRS Form 926 reporting the payment of the offer price for our Ordinary Shares to us. Substantial penalties may be imposed upon a U.S. holder that fails to comply. Each U.S. holder should consult its own tax advisor as to the possible obligation to file IRS Form 926.

***Foreign Financial Asset Reporting***

Certain U.S. holders may be required to file IRS Form 926 reporting the payment of the offer price for our Ordinary Shares to us. Substantial penalties may be imposed upon a U.S. holder that fails to comply. Each U.S. holder should consult its own tax advisor as to the possible obligation to file IRS Form 926 with this reporting requirement, and the period of limitations on assessment and collection of United States federal income taxes will be extended in the event of a failure to comply.

Furthermore, certain U.S. holders who are individuals and certain entities will be required to report information with respect to such U.S. holder's investment in "specified foreign financial assets" on IRS Form 8938, subject to certain exceptions. Specified foreign financial assets generally include any financial account maintained with a non-U.S. financial institution and should also include our Ordinary Shares if they are not held in an account maintained with a U.S. financial institution. Persons who are required to report specified foreign financial assets and fail to do so may be subject to substantial penalties, and the period of limitations on assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes may be extended in the event of a failure to comply. U.S. holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the foreign financial asset and other reporting obligations and their application to an investment in our Ordinary Shares.

**THE DISCUSSION ABOVE IS A GENERAL SUMMARY. IT DOES NOT COVER ALL TAX MATTERS THAT MAY BE OF IMPORTANCE TO A PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR ABOUT THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO IT OF AN INVESTMENT IN ORDINARY SHARES IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTOR**'**S OWN CIRCUMSTANCES.**

**F. Dividends and Paying Agents**

Not applicable.

**G. Statements by Experts**

Not applicable.

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**H. Documents on Display**

Any statement in this Annual Report about any of our contracts or other documents is not necessarily complete. If the contract or document is filed as an exhibit to the Annual Report, the contract or document is deemed to modify the description contained in this Annual Report. You must review the exhibits themselves for a complete description of the contract or document.

We are subject to the reporting requirements of foreign private issuers under the Exchange Act. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the form and content of proxy statements and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Pursuant to the Exchange Act, we file reports with the SEC, including this Annual Report. We also submit reports to the SEC, including Form 6-K Reports of Foreign Private Issuers. You may read and copy such reports at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information about the Public Reference Room. Such reports are also available to the public on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Some of this information may also be found on our website at <u>www.vivopower.com</u>.

You may request copies of our reports, at no cost, by writing, emailing, or telephoning us as follows:

VivoPower International PLC

Attention: David Mansfield

Blackwell House, Guildhall Yard,

London England EC2V 5AE

United Kingdom

Email: shareholders@vivopower.com

Telephone: +44-203-667-5158

**I. Subsidiary Information**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK**

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in foreign currency rates, although we also have some exposure due to potential changes in inflation or interest rates. We do not hold financial instruments for trading purposes.

***Foreign Exchange Risk***

The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk on sales and purchases that are denominated in currencies other than the respective functional currencies of the Group entities to which they relate, primarily between USD, AUD, EUR and GBP.

The Group's investments in overseas subsidiaries are not hedged as those currency positions are either USD denominated and/or considered to be long-term in nature.

The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk on the following balances at June 30, 2025:

● Cash and cash equivalents $0.01 million denominated in AUD.

● Restricted cash $0.2 million denominated in AUD.

● Trade and other receivables $4.3 million denominated in GBP, $0.4 million in AUD and $1.2 million in EUR.

● Trade and other payables $4.5 million denominated in GBP, $4.1 million in AUD and $2.3 million in EUR

Of the total shareholder loan of $28.9 million, $27.0 million is denominated in USD and $1.9 million is denominated in AUD.

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We have not entered into any hedging transactions to reduce the foreign exchange rate fluctuation risks but may do so in the future when we deem it appropriate in light of the significance of such risks. However, if we decide to hedge our foreign exchange exposure in the future, we cannot assure you that we will be able to reduce our foreign currency risk exposure in an effective manner, at reasonable costs, or at all. See "Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks related to our business and operations — We are exposed to foreign currency exchange risks because certain of our operations are located in foreign countries".

Our financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars, while some of our subsidiaries use different functional currencies, such as the Australian dollar, British pound sterling and Euro. The value of your investment in our common shares will be affected by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and other currencies used by our subsidiaries. To the extent we hold assets denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars, any appreciation of such currencies against the U.S. dollar will likely result in an exchange gain while any depreciation will likely result in an exchange loss when we convert the value of these assets into U.S. dollar equivalent amounts. On the other hand, to the extent we have liabilities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars, any appreciation of such currencies against the U.S. dollar will likely result in an exchange loss while any depreciation will likely result in an exchange gain when we convert the value of these liabilities into U.S. dollar equivalent amounts. These and other effects on our financial condition resulting from the unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common shares, the dividends we may pay in the future, and your investment.

***Interest Rate Risk***

As a result of the related party loan agreement, the Group is exposed to interest rate volatility. However, the interest rate is fixed for the medium term, therefore, the risk is largely mitigated for the near future. The Group will continue to monitor the movements in the wider global economy.

***Credit Risk***

Our credit risk primarily relates to our trade and other receivables, restricted cash, bank balances and amounts due from related parties. We generally grant credit only to clients and related parties with good credit ratings and also closely monitor overdue debts. In this regard, we consider that the credit risk arising from our balances with counterparties is significantly reduced.

In order to minimize credit risk, we have a team responsible for determining credit limits, credit approvals and other monitoring procedures to ensure that follow-up action is taken to recover overdue debts. In addition, we review the recoverable amount of each individual debtor at the end of each reporting period to ensure that adequate impairment losses are made for irrecoverable amounts. We will negotiate with the counterparties of the debts for settlement plans or changes in credit terms, should the need arise. In this regard, we consider that our credit risk is significantly reduced.

***Liquidity Risk***

Our liquidity risk management framework is intended to ensure that we maintain sufficient funds to meet our obligations as they become due, and as part of our framework we continuously monitor our liquidity and cash resources and seek to maintain sufficient cash using cash flows generated by our business activities, debt arrangements and other resources. We continuously review forecasted cash flows to ensure our businesses have sufficient cash resources and liquidity to meet their obligations.

**ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES**

Not applicable.

**PART II**

**ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS**

Not applicable.

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**ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES**

(a) Disclosure
 Controls and Procedures.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2025. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not fully effective as of such date due to material weaknesses identified during the audit.

(b) Management's
 annual report on internal control over financial reporting.

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2025, and concluded that it was not effective as of such date due to material weaknesses, including control deficiencies relating to the timeliness of period-end reporting, controls regarding permissions and supporting documentation.

Management has initiated a remediation plan to address the material weakness, including expanding the team of qualified accounting personnel, enhancing training for existing staff, and implementing automated workflows. Management believes these actions will remediate the material weaknesses.

(c) Attestation
 report of the registered public accounting firm.

Not applicable.

(d) Changes
 in internal control over financial reporting.

Except for the remediation efforts described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the year ended June 30, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

**ITEM 16. [Reserved]**

**ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT**

See "Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees – C. Board Practices - *Audit and Risk Committee*." The Audit and Risk Committee is comprised of William Langdon (who is Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee) and Peter Jeavons. All members have been determined by the Board to be independent under the applicable Nasdaq listing standards. Peter Jeavons and William Langdon joined the committee on June 16, 2020.

The Board has determined that William Langdon satisfies Nasdaq's definition of financial sophistication and also qualified as an "audit committee financial expert" as defined under rules and regulations of the SEC.

**ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS**

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that is applicable to all of our employees, executive officers and directors. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on our website at <u>www.vivopower.com</u>. Our Board is responsible for overseeing the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and approving any waivers of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for employees, executive officers and directors. We expect that any amendments to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, or any waivers of its requirements, will be disclosed on our website.

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VivoPower became certified as a B Corporation in April 2018. VivoPower recertified as a B Corporation in 2022 and was recognized in the Best For The World program as being in the top 5% amongst B Corporations for Governance. Consistent with this certification, the shareholders approved changes to the Articles of Association of the Company at the annual general meeting on August 20, 2018, to include:

(i) the
 purposes of the Company are to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole and, through its business
 and operations, to have a material positive impact on society and the environment, taken as a whole;

(ii) in
 exercising the powers of the Company, a Director shall have regard to, among other matters, stakeholder interests such as:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. the
 likely consequences of any decision in the long term;

b. the
 interests of the Company's employees;

c. the
 need to foster the Company's business relationships with suppliers, customers and others;

d. the
 impact of the Company's operations on the community and the environment;

e. the
 desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct; and,

f. the
 need to act fairly as between members of the Company.

As a B Corp, the Company is committed to continuously improve its B Corporation score and deliver on the B Corporation triple bottom line of Planet, People and Profit.

**ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES**

The following table sets forth the fees billed or incurred by WithumSmith+Brown, PC for the year ended June 30, 2025, and by PKF Littlejohn LLP for the years ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, for audit, audit-related, tax, and all other services rendered.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Audit fees | $250 | $267 | $218 |
| Audit-related fees |  |  | 28 |
| Tax fees | - | - | 8 |
| **Total** | $**250** | $**267** | $**254** |

---

**Audit Fees**

WithumSmith+Brown, PC were newly appointed auditors for the year ended June 30, 2025. The audit fees of $250,000 represent the fees of WithumSmith+Brown, PC for audit of June 30, 2025 financial statements.

The audit fees of $267,000 represent the fees of PKF Littlejohn LLP and related firms for audit of the June 30, 2024 financial statements.

**Audit-Related Fees**

The audit related fees were for audit of local statutory accounts for some Australian subsidiaries.

**Tax and Capital Raise** – **Related Fees**

Since the year ended June 30, 2023, PKF Newcastle Pty Limited were not engaged for preparation of corporate tax returns for some Australian subsidiaries; in the previous year the company paid $8,000 for these services.

**Pre-Approval Policies for Non-Audit Services**

The Audit and Risk Committee has adopted policies and procedures relating to the approval of all audit and non-audit services that are to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm. These policies generally provide that we will not engage our independent registered public accounting firm to render audit or non-audit services unless the service is specifically approved in advance by the Audit and Risk Committee or the engagement is entered into pursuant to the pre-approval procedure described below. All of the services related to our company provided by our independent registered public accounting firm during the last two fiscal years have been approved by the Audit and Risk Committee.

The Audit and Risk committee pre-approves all auditing services and the terms of non-audit services, but only to the extent that the non-audit services are not prohibited under applicable law and the committee determines that the non-audit services do not impair the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm. In situations where it is impractical to wait until the next regularly scheduled quarterly meeting, the chairman of the Audit and Risk Committee has been delegated authority to approve audit and non-audit services. The Chairman is required to report any approvals to the full committee at its next scheduled meeting.

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From time to time, the Audit and Risk Committee may pre-approve specified types of services that are expected to be provided to us by our independent registered public accounting firm during the next 12 months. Any such pre-approval is detailed as to the particular service or type of services to be provided and is also generally subject to a maximum dollar amount. Any proposed services exceeding pre-approved amounts will also require separate pre-approval by the Audit and Risk Committee.

**ITEM 16D. EXEMPTION FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT**'**S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT**

On August 26, 2025 the Company appointed WithumSmith+Brown, PC as its independent auditors, replacing PKF Littlejohn LLP. The change was approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, and through the date of the change, there were no disagreements with PKF Littlejohn LLP on accounting or auditing matters.

**ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE**

As a U.K. incorporated company, we are subject to applicable laws of England and Wales including the Companies Act 2006. In addition, as a foreign private issuer listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market, we are subject to the Nasdaq corporate governance requirements. However, the Nasdaq listing standards provide that foreign private issuers are permitted to follow home country corporate governance practices in lieu of the Nasdaq rules, with certain exceptions. We currently do not intend to take advantage of any such exemptions.

**ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 16I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 16J. INSIDER TRADING POLICIES**

We have an insider trading policy governing the purchase, sale, and other dispositions of VivoPower's securities that applies to all directors, officers, and employees of VivoPower and its subsidiaries. We believe that our insider trading policy is reasonably designed to promote compliance with applicable insider trading laws, rules, and regulations, as well as Nasdaq listing standards. A copy of the insider trading policy is filed as Exhibit 11.2 to this report.

**ITEM 16K. CYBERSECURITY**

The Company recognizes the importance of identifying, assessing and managing risks associated with cybersecurity threats to protect its data, systems, and stakeholders. Cybersecurity is integral to VivoPower's operational resilience, particularly given its reliance on digital systems supporting its electric vehicles, supply chain, and digital assets operations.

**Risk Management and Strategy**

We maintain policies and procedures for the identification, assessment and management of material cybersecurity risks. These include:

● regular risk assessments and network monitoring to identify vulnerabilities across corporate and subsidiary systems;

● deployment of multi-factor authentication, encryption, and access-control mechanisms for sensitive data and systems;

● cyber incident response and recovery protocols aligned with recognized frameworks; and

● due diligence and ongoing oversight of third-party vendors, including cloud, banking and digital-asset service providers, to ensure their cybersecurity controls meet appropriate standards.

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**Governance**

The Board of Directors has ultimate oversight of cybersecurity risk management and receives periodic updates from management on cybersecurity risks and incidents. Day-to-day responsibility for cybersecurity oversight resides with the Chief Technology Officer and Chief Financial Officer, who coordinate with external IT team and consultants. These executives are responsible for ensuring that security policies, training programs and incident-response plans remain current with evolving regulatory and technological developments.

**Material Impact and Incidents**

To date, the Company has not experienced any cybersecurity incidents that have materially affected its business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. Nevertheless, cybersecurity threats, such as phishing, ransomware, unauthorized system access, and potential vulnerabilities in third-party applications, remain inherent risks. Any future material incidents could disrupt operations, compromise sensitive data or digital assets, and result in reputational harm, regulatory penalties, or financial loss.

**PART III**

**ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

See Item 18.

**ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

Financial statements are filed as part of this Annual Report, starting on page F-1.

**ITEM 19. EXHIBITS**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br> **Number** | **Description** |
| 1.1 | [Articles of Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-213297), filed with the SEC on August 24, 2016).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1681348/000143774916038035/ex3-1.htm) |
| 4.1 | [Omnibus Incentive Plan, adopted September 5, 2017 and amended July 28, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-273520), filed with the SEC on July 28, 2023).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1681348/000143774923021055/ex_549795.htm) |
| 4.2 | [Equity Distribution Agreement, dated November 12, 2021, between VivoPower International PLC and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-37974), filed with the SEC on November 21, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1681348/000143774921026513/ex_307086.htm) |
| 4.3 | [Amendment No. 1 to Equity Distribution Agreement, dated July 29, 2022, between VivoPower International PLC and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report Form 6-K (File No. 001-37974), filed with the SEC on July 29, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1681348/000143774922018069/ex_391919.htm) |
| 4.4 | [Strategic Direct Investment in Tembo dated June 28, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 on Form 6-K - Report of foreign issuer \[Rules 31a-16 and 15d-16\], filed with the SEC on June 28, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1681348/000143774923018676/ex_539123.htm) |
| 4.5 | [Placement Agency Agreement, dated July 29, 2022, between VivoPower International PLC and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Current Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-37974), filed with the SEC on August 2, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1681348/000143774922018470/ex_405010.htm) |
| 4.6 | [Form of Series A Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-37974), filed with the SEC on August 2, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1681348/000143774922018470/ex_405011.htm) |
| 4.7 | [Form of Pre-Funded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-37974), filed with the SEC on August 2, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1681348/000143774922018470/ex_405012.htm) |
| 4.8 | [Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 29, 2022, between VivoPower International PLC and the purchaser identified therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 6-K (File No. 001-37974), filed with the SEC on August 2, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1681348/000143774922018470/ex_405013.htm) |
| 8 | [List of Subsidiaries.](ex8.htm) |
| 11.1 | [Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11 to the Annual Report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-37974), filed with the SEC on August 1, 2017.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1681348/000143774917013393/ex11.htm) |
| 11.2 | [Insert Insider Trading policy](ex11-2.htm) |
| 12.1 | [Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex12-1.htm) |

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**ITEM 19. EXHIBITS CONTINUED**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br> **Number** | **Description** |
| 12.2 | [Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex12-2.htm) |
| 13.1 | [Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex13-1.htm) |
| 13.2 | [Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex13-2.htm) |
| 15.1 | [Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm](ex15-1.htm) |
| 97.1 | [Insert Clawback Policy](ex97-1.htm) |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |

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\* Confidential treatment has been requested or granted for certain portions omitted from this Exhibit pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

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**SIGNATURE**

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **VIVOPOWER INTERNATIONAL PLC** | **VIVOPOWER INTERNATIONAL PLC** |
| By: | */s/ Kevin Chin* |
| Name: | Kevin Chin |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer |

---

Date: October 30, 2025

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**VIVOPO WER INTERNATIONAL PLC**

**INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page** |
| [Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm](#sq_001) (PCAOB ID 100) | F-2 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended June 30, 2025, June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023](#sq_002) | F-5 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of June 30, 2025, June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023](#sq_003) | F-6 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended June 30, 2025, June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023](#sq_004) | F-7 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended June 30, 2025, June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023](#sq_005) | F-8 |
| [Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements](#sq_006) | F-9 |

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[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

Independent Auditor's Report to the Members of VivoPower International PLC

**REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

**TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF VIVOPOWER INTERNATIONAL PLC**

**Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements**

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of VivoPower International PLC and Subsidiaries (the "Company") as of June 30, 2025, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, changes in equity, and cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2025, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2025, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

**Basis for Opinion**

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

**Critical Audit Matters**

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

**Valuation of Intangible Assets and Goodwill - Refer to Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements**

*Critical Audit Matter Description*

 

As reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements at and as of June 30, 2025, the carrying value of goodwill and intangible assets was $16.7 million. Details of these assets and the related critical judgements and estimates are disclosed in notes 2.9 and 13. The carrying value of goodwill and other intangible assets is significant and at risk of non-recoverability. The estimated recoverable amount of these balances is subjective due to the inherent uncertainty involved in forecasting and discounting cash flows.

In an impairment test the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit or asset is estimated in order to determine the existence or extent of any impairment loss. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and the value in use to the Company. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount. In determining a cash-generating unit's or asset's value in use, estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time-value of money and risks specific to the cash-generating unit or asset that have not already been included in the estimate of future cash flows.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In the case of other assets, impairment losses recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. These impairment losses are reversed if there has been any change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent so that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

We identified the evaluation of the Company's impairment test of goodwill and intangible assets as a critical audit matter due to significant management estimates and judgments inherently required in determining the fair value estimates. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management's significant estimates and assumptions, several of which extend many years into the future. Additionally, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.

*How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit*

 

We read and evaluated the impairment analysis summary report, prepared by the Company specialists that assessed the fair value of the Company's intangible assets and goodwill as of June 30, 2025. We performed a walk-through of the design effectiveness and implementation of internal controls related to financial reporting of the intangible assets and goodwill. Additional procedures included testing management's process for developing their impairment estimate, which included evaluating the appropriateness of the method used by the Company to develop cash flow projections for intangible assets and goodwill, as well as testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the estimates. In addition, we evaluated the reasonableness of significant assumptions including future sales, long-term growth rates, and future economic conditions and performed sensitivity testing on some assumptions. We evaluated these assumptions for their reasonableness considering (i) historical performance; (ii) industry and economic forecast and (iii) whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.

Along with the procedures previously described, we performed the following procedures:

● We utilized the knowledge, experience, and expertise of our internal valuation specialists to execute the planned audit procedures related to the valuation by assessing the reasonableness of the methodologies employed to value the intangible assets and goodwill.

● We tested the underlying assumptions presented in the impairment assessment as it relates to projections.

● We assessed the appropriateness of the Company's disclosure in respect of the judgements and estimates on whether an impairment exists.

**Related Party Transactions - Refer to Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements**

*Critical Audit Matter Description*

 

As reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements at and as of June 30, 2025, the Company has entered into various transactions with related parties. These transactions include intercompany loans, service arrangements, and other financial dealings with entities under common control or significant influence. The nature and volume of these related party transactions are material to the consolidated financial statements and require careful evaluation to ensure appropriate disclosure, recognition, and compliance with applicable accounting standards.

The assessment of related party transactions involves significant management judgment, particularly in identifying related parties, determining the commercial substance of transactions, and evaluating whether such transactions were conducted at arm's length. In some cases, the terms and conditions of these transactions may not be readily observable in the market, increasing the risk of misstatement or omission.

We identified the evaluation of the nature and volume of related party transactions as a critical audit matter due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in assessing the completeness and accuracy of disclosures, as well as the potential for management override or bias. Auditing this matter required a high degree of auditor judgment and effort, including understanding the Company's governance and control environment, reviewing board minutes and legal agreements, and performing detailed transaction testing.

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*How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit*

 

Our audit procedures included evaluating the Company's process for identifying related parties, inspecting underlying documentation supporting the transactions, and assessing whether the disclosures in the consolidated financial statements were complete and transparent. We also considered the consistency of these transactions with the Company's business purpose and strategic objectives. Given the significance of these transactions and the potential implications for financial reporting and stakeholder perception, we involved professionals with expertise in forensic accounting and regulatory compliance to assist in our evaluation.

Along with the procedures previously described, we performed the following procedures:

● **Obtained and reviewed management's related party register** to identify all entities and individuals considered related parties under applicable accounting standards.

● **Inspected board minutes, shareholder agreements, and other governance documents** to identify any undisclosed related party relationships or transactions.

● **Reviewed legal agreements and contracts** supporting material related party transactions to assess their commercial substance and terms.

● **Performed detailed testing of related party transactions**, including loans, service arrangements, and asset transfers, to verify accuracy, completeness, and appropriate classification.

● **Assessed whether transactions were conducted at arm's length**, including benchmarking against market terms where applicable.

● **Evaluated the adequacy and transparency of disclosures** in the consolidated financial statements, ensuring compliance with relevant accounting and regulatory requirements.

● **Performed inquiries with management and those charged with governance** to understand the nature, purpose, and business rationale of significant related party transactions.

● **Reviewed journal entries and general ledger activity** for indicators of undisclosed related party transactions or management override.

**Other matter**

The consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the years ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, were audited by another auditor, PKF Littlejohn LLP, who expressed an unmodified opinion on those consolidated financial statements on December 19, 2024.

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2025.

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC |
| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| October 30, 2025 |

---

PCAOB ID Number 100

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)** | <br>**Note** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Revenue from contracts with customers** | 4 | 61 | 16 | 4055 |
| Cost of sales | 4 | (50) | 27 | (4294) |
| Cost of sales - non-recurring events | 4 | - | - | (3850) |
| **Gross profit/(loss)** |  | **11** | **43** | **(4089)** |
| General and administrative expenses | 9 | (8233) | (7521) | (6425) |
| Other gains | 5 | 16 | 89 | 31 |
| Other income | 6 |  |  | 82 |
| Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 12 | (157) | (746) | (508) |
| Amortization of intangible assets | 13 | (360) | (384) | (831) |
| **Operating loss** | 7 | **(8723)** | **(8519)** | **(11740)** |
| Restructuring and other non-recurring costs | 8 | (412) | (1392) | (1662) |
| Impairment losses | 13 | (2531) | (29686) | (421) |
| Finance income | 10 | 3568 | 1396 | 1156 |
| Finance expense | 10 | (7033) | (6015) | (6839) |
| **Loss before income tax** | **7** | **(15131)** | **(44216)** | **(19506)** |
| Income tax | 11 | 691 | (1603) | (559) |
| **Loss from continuing operations** | **7** | **(14440)** | **(45819)** | **(20065)** |
| (Loss)/profit from discontinued operations | 20 | 1648 | (881) | (4290) |
| **Loss for the period** |  | **(12792)** | **(46700)** | **(24355)** |
| ***Losses attributable to:*** |  |  |  |  |
| Equity owners of VivoPower International PLC |  | (12792) | (46700) | (24355) |
|  |  | **(12792)** | **(46700)** | **(24355)** |
| **Other comprehensive loss** |  |  |  |  |
| *Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:* |  |  |  |  |
| Currency translation differences recognized directly in other comprehensive loss |  | (2034) | (1194) | 1236 |
| **Total comprehensive loss for the period attributable to owners of the company** |  | **(14826)** | **(47894)** | **(23119)** |
| **Losses per share attributable to owners of the company, net of related tax effects (dollars)** |  |  |  |  |
| **Continuing Operations** |  |  |  |  |
| Basic | 26 | (2.17) | (14.88) | (8.13) |
| Diluted | 26 | (2.17) | (14.88) | (8.13) |
| **Discontinued Operations** |  |  |  |  |
| Basic | 26 | 0.25 | (0.29) | (1.74) |
| Diluted | 26 | 0.25 | (0.29) | (1.74) |

---

See notes to financial statements

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Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | <br>**Note** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **ASSETS** |  |  |  |  |
| **Non-current assets** |  |  |  |  |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 12 | 1460 | 439 | 3742 |
| Intangible assets, net | 13 | 16694 | 15235 | 42175 |
| Deferred tax assets | 11 | 4405 | 4099 | 5136 |
| **Total non-current assets** |  | **22559** | **19773** | **51053** |
| **Current assets** |  |  |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 15 | 60 | 199 | 553 |
| Restricted cash | 16 | 191 | 292 | 608 |
| Trade and other receivables | 17 | 73162 | 10044 | 7087 |
| Inventory | 18 | 1151 | 1646 | 2115 |
| Digital assets |  | 5 | - | - |
| Assets classified as held for sale | 19/20 | - | 5479 | - |
| **Total current assets** |  | **74569** | **17660** | **10363** |
| **TOTAL ASSETS** |  | **97128** | **37433** | **61416** |
| **LIABILITIES AND EQUITY** |  |  |  |  |
| **Current liabilities** |  |  |  |  |
| Trade and other payables | 21 | 39806 | 37929 | 14597 |
| Income tax liability | 11 | 168 | 280 | 156 |
| Provisions | 22 | 3047 | 2230 | 1778 |
| Loans and borrowings | 23 | 12249 | 8171 | 2384 |
| Liabilities classified as held for sale | 20 | - | 5515 | - |
| **Total current liabilities** |  | **55270** | **54125** | **18915** |
| **Non-current liabilities** |  |  |  |  |
| Other payables | 21 | 2225 |  | 6443 |
| Provisions | 22 | 17 | 57 | 76 |
| Loans and borrowings | 23 | 16940 | 20915 | 30004 |
| Deferred tax liabilities | 11 | 2572 | 2873 | 2232 |
| **Total non-current liabilities** |  | **21754** | **23845** | **38755** |
| **Total liabilities** |  | **77024** | **77970** | **57670** |
| **Equity** |  |  |  |  |
| Share capital | 24 | 2704 | 533 | 308 |
| Share premium | 24 | 181668 | 108220 | 105018 |
| Cumulative translation reserve |  | (1966) | 2 | 1203 |
| Other reserves | 25 | (6519) | (6301) | (6492) |
| Accumulated deficit |  | (155783) | (142991) | (96291) |
| **Equity and reserves attributable to owners** |  | **20104** | **(40537)** | **3746** |
| **Total equity** |  | **20104** | **(40537** | **3746** |
| **TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES** |  | **97128** | **37433** | **61416** |

---

These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on October 30, 2025, and were signed on its behalf by Kevin Chin.

See notes to financial statements

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | <br>**Note** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Cash flows from operating activities** |  |  |  |  |
| Loss from continuing operations |  | (14440) | (45819) | (20065) |
| (Loss)/profit from discontinued operations | 20 | 1648 | (881) | (4290) |
| Income tax | 11 | (719) | 1771 | 561 |
| Finance expense | 10 | 7033 | 6015 | 4973 |
| Finance income | 10 | (3568) | (1396) |  |
| Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 12 | 157 | 749 | 750 |
| Amortization of intangible assets | 13 | 360 | 823 | 831 |
| Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 471 |  |
| Other gains | 6 | (16) | (89) | (30) |
| Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets | 13 | 1606 | 29844 |  |
| Share-based payments |  | 4047 | 750 | 147 |
| Decrease in trade and other receivables | 17 | (1608) | 1340 | 6355 |
| (Increase)/decrease in inventory | 18 | 495 | (188) | (680) |
| Increase in digital assets |  | (5) |  |  |
| Increase in trade and other payables | 21 | (1556) | 7651 | 5332 |
| Increase/(decrease) in provisions | 22 | 817 | 452 | 674 |
| **Net cash from/(used in) operating activities** |  | **(5749)** | **1493** | **(5442)** |
| **Cash flows from investing activities** |  |  |  |  |
| Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment | 12 |  | 22 | 110 |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | 12 | (985) | (609) | (1029) |
| Investment in capital projects | 13 | (2249) | (3979) | (3857) |
| Proceeds on disposal of J.A Martin ex-solar business | 20 |  |  | 2874 |
| Proceeds on sale of capital projects | 13 |  |  | 47 |
| Acquisitions - consideration |  | - | - | (66) |
| **Net cash used in investing activities** |  | **(3234)** | **(4566)** | **(1921)** |
| **Cash flows from financing activities** |  |  |  |  |
| Other borrowings | 23 |  |  | (108) |
| Lease repayments | 23 | (43) | (201) | (43) |
| Proceeds from investor | 21 |  | 1000 | 300 |
| Capital raise proceeds | 24 | 8878 | 2524 | 5500 |
| Equity instruments and capital raise costs | 25 |  |  | (397) |
| Debtor finance borrowings/(repayments) | 23 |  | (1262) | 1297 |
| Loans from related parties | 23 | (92) | 781 | 3572 |
| Repayment of loans from related parties | 23 |  | (370) | (370) |
| Bank loan borrowings | 23 |  | (7) | (138) |
| Chattel mortgage borrowings | 23 | - | (62) | (267) |
| Finance expense | 10 |  |  | (3239) |
| Transfer from/(to) restricted cash | 16 | 101 | 316 | 587 |
| **Net cash from financing activities** |  | **8844** | **2719** | **6694** |
| Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | (139) | (354) | (669) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | 15 | 199 | 553 | 1285 |
| Effect of exchange rate movements on cash held |  | - | - | (63) |
| **Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year** | 15 | **60** | **199** | **553** |

---

See notes to financial statements

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(US dollars in thousands)** | **Share capital** | **Share premium** | **Cumulative translation reserve** | **Other reserves** | **Accumulated deficit** | **Non-<br> controlling interest** | **Total** |
| **At June 30, 2022** | **256** | **99418** | **(139)** | **(5984)** | **(71936)** |  | **21615** |
| Loss for the year |  |  |  |  | (24355) |  | **(24355)** |
| Other comprehensive income/(expense) | - | - | 1342 | (106) | - |  | **1236** |
|  | **256** | **99418** | **1203** | **(6090)** | **(96291)** |  | **(1504)** |
| **Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Equity instruments |  |  |  | 49 |  |  | 49 |
| Capital raises | 51 | 5449 |  | (446) |  |  | 5054 |
| Employee share awards | 1 | 151 |  | (5) |  |  | 147 |
|  | **52** | **5600** | **-** | **(402)** | **-** |  | **5250** |
| **At June 30, 2023** | **308** | **105018** | **1203** | **(6492)** | **(96291)** |  | **3746** |
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (46700) |  | (46700) |
| Other comprehensive income/(expense) | - | - | (1201) | 7 | - |  | (1194) |
|  | **308** | **105018** | **2** | **(6485)** | **(142991)** |  | **(44148)** |
| **Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Equity instruments |  |  | - | 150 | - |  | **150** |
| Capital raises | 206 | 2862 | - | (207) | - |  | **2861** |
| Employee share awards | 19 | 340 | - | 241 | - |  | **600** |
| Increase in equity before transaction with owners in their capacity of owners | **225** | **3202** | **-** | **184** | **-** |  | **3611** |
| **At June 30, 2024** | **533** | **108220** | **2** | **(6301)** | **(142991)** |  | **(40537)** |
| Loss for the year |  |  |  |  | (12792) |  | (12792) |
| Other comprehensive income/(expense) | - | - | (1968) | (66) | - |  | (2034) |
| Increase (decrease) through transactions with owners, equity | **553** | **108220** | **(1966)** | **(6367)** | **(155783)** |  | **(55363)** |
| **Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Equity instruments |  | 413 |  | 302 |  |  | 715 |
| Other issuances | 346 | 4572 |  | 315 |  |  | 5233 |
| Capital raises | 1825 | 68463 |  | (777) |  |  | 69511 |
| Employee share awards | - | - | - | 8 | - |  | 8 |
| Increase in equity before transaction with owners in their capacity of owners | **2171** | **73448** | **-** | **(152)** | **-** |  | **75467** |
| **At June 30, 2025** | **2704** | **181668** | **(1966)** | **(6519)** | **(155783)** |  | **20104** |

---

For further information on "Other Reserves" please see Note 25.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of and for the Years Ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023

**1. Reporting entity**

VivoPower International PLC ("VivoPower" or the "Company") is a public company limited by shares and incorporated under the laws of England and Wales and domiciled in the United Kingdom. The address of the Company's registered office is Blackwell House, Guildhall Yard, London England EC2V 5AE United Kingdom

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as the "Group" and individually as "Group entities"). Since June 30, 2021, the Company no longer has an ultimate controlling party, as AWN Holdings Limited (collectively with its affiliates and subsidiaries, "AWN") holds less than 50% equity interest in the Company, being 7.1% as at June 30, 2025. In prior periods, the ultimate controlling party and the results into which these financials were consolidated was AWN, a company registered in Australia.

**2. Material accounting policies**

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of consolidated financial statements (the "financial statements") are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all periods presented, unless otherwise stated. In October 2023, the company implemented a 10-to-1 reverse stock split, which was applied retrospectively to shares.

**2.1 Basis of preparation**

VivoPower International PLC's consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and IFRIC interpretations applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for certain financial assets and financial liabilities and when accounting for acquisitions, whereby fair values have been applied.

The preparation of financial statements with adopted IFRS requires the use of critical accounting estimates. It also requires the management to exercise judgement in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where the assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 3.

Management has, in the preparation of the audited financial statements of the Group for the year ended June 2025, fully considered and evaluated the going concern. Following a comprehensive assessment of the Group's financial position and projections over the going concern assessment period of 12 months from the expected date of signing the audited financial statements, the assessment of management is that the Group remains a going concern.

Accordingly, management recommends to the Board of Directors that, based on the above assessment, the Group remains a going concern as at the date of this report.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, as the directors believe the Company will be able to meet its liabilities as they fall due.

The going concern assessment has been considered with reference to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) the scenario that the Tembo spin off reverse merger IPO is consummated (currently expected by mid-February 2026, given the Following the completion of this Tembo spin-off reverse merger the following probable outcomes arise for VivoPower:

● VivoPower will continue to retain meaningful shareholding of the separately listed Tembo Group and consolidate Tembo in its accounts;

● VivoPower's cash burn rate will further reduce to a gross amount of budgeted $197 k per month (assuming a worst case scenario of no offsetting revenue inflows);

● Subject to the funds raised by Tembo as part of its reverse merger IPO, VivoPower will be paid back up to the full amount of what is owed to it by Tembo within 6 months of Tembo becoming a separately listed company;

● Subject to the Tembo reverse merger IPO proceeding, Energi Holdings has agreed to a strategic PIPE investment of $100 million in Tembo, valuing the business at $200 million enterprise value. VivoPower will however, retain a meaningful shareholding post-transaction, and a dedicated board is being recruited in preparation for Tembo's public listing;

● VivoPower will itself be able to raise additional capital via equity capital markets, as it has done over the past 12 months, despite very challenging market conditions and several unexpected obstacles, including the fact that the ATM facility was not available to the company. Since FY24, VivoPower has been able to receive gross cash from capital raisings of approximately $9.8 million despite volatile market conditions. In addition, it has contractual commitments to receive another $60.5 million in cash and subject to shareholder approval to increase its authorized capital, another $60.5 million. Furthermore, the Company has raised additional gross proceeds of $14.1 million, including pursuant to an F-1 offering post balance date (noting that an additional $5 million was issued as a debt to equity swap with Arowana group entities in particular).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the
 scenario where the Tembo spin off reverse merger IPO does not materialize. In this probable scenario, the following outcomes would
 arise for VivoPower:

● VivoPower would continue to retain 100 % ownership of the Tembo Group;

● The combined cash burn rate of VivoPower, including Tembo's operations, would be expected to be a gross amount of approximately $413 k per month (assuming a hypothetical worst case of no revenue receipts);

● Despite the increased cash burn rate, the combined entity (VivoPower and Tembo) is projected to generate net cash inflows from operating activities due to increasing revenues. This positive cash generation is expected to provide significant support for the Group's liquidity and overall financial health: and

● VivoPower would have sufficient capital from the $121 million Regulation S private placement mentioned above, of which the Group has already closed the first tranche, amounting to $60.5 million on June 20, 2025 with the balance to be received in subsequent phases, as well as the ability to raise additional capital post 1 November off its F-3 registration statement.

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As of 30 June 2025, the Group reported outstanding net current assets of $19.3 million. The key driver of this position is the $60.5 million private placement booked as a current asset. The improvement in the Group's balance sheet and liquidity compared to the prior year is the contractually closed $60.5 million Regulation S private placement booked in as a current receivable.

The Group has already closed the first tranche of the $121 million placement, amounting to $60.5 million, on 20 June 2025, with the balance to be received in subsequent phases. This strategic investment, led by HRH Prince Abdulaziz bin Turki bin Talal Al Saud, was priced at $6.05 per share (above the last market closing price and fully compliant with Nasdaq rules). It is closely tied to VivoPower's XRP-focused digital assets strategy and is intended to strengthen liquidity, reduce reliance on higher-cost financing, and provide the Group with additional flexibility to pursue strategic initiatives.

Our analysis further indicates that the budgeted combined average monthly cash burn for VivoPower and Tembo over the next 12 months is approximately $413k per month, or $5.0 million per annum. This assumes no revenues received. Importantly, the Group has already commenced the scale-up of Tembo deliveries which will translate into revenue receipts. In addition, it will be seeking further increase revenues from its digital asset reserve strategy, including from crypto mining and yield generation, which will further supplement available liquidity alongside the existing cash resources.

As at June 30, 2025, the Company had unrestricted cash totaling $0.1 million compared to $0.2 million as at June 30, 2024 and $0.6 million as at June 30, 2023. However, post balance date, the Company raised and received net proceeds of $13.0 million from the issuance of ordinary shares pursuant to an F1 registration statement and Regulation S equity raise.

As at June 30, 2025, the Company had outstanding debt and borrowing totaling $29.2 million, compared to $29.1 million as at June 30, 2024 and $32.4 million as at June 30, 2023. The outstanding debt and borrowings are to related parties who are also the major shareholders.

Over the next twelve months, with the strategic rationalization of the Company's business units and the expansion of the Electric Vehicles and ancillary SES products and solutions range, together with the strategic pivot to a cost-effective Asian supply chain, the Company expects to grow revenues profitably. Furthermore, with the Asian supply chain in place, the Company no longer needs to invest in assembly and production facilities, reducing capital expenditure requirements.

To ensure the going concern status of the business, the directors have prepared and reviewed additional plans to mitigate any liquidity risk that may arise during the next twelve months. These include:

● Delaying any capital expenditures;

● Reduce or delay operational expenditure scale-up plans;

● Reduce research and development expenditure;

● Consider the management of supplier and lender payments;

● Continuous improvement in efficiency and cost management through the use of artificial intelligence tools; and

● Ensuring the Company is always able to raise debt or equity capital.

Given the significant improvement in the adjusted net current asset position of $19.3 million as of 30 June 2025, the Directors are confident in the Company's ability to remain a going concern in the foreseeable future. The Directors therefore have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus, they have continued to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements. Additionally, in the event of any unforeseen challenges, management and Directors retain the flexibility to; (a) raise additional capital, (b) further reduce the cash burn rate, and/or (c) negotiate extensions of payment plans with creditors to ensure continued financial stability.

This assessment excludes the $8.7 million residual investment commitment for Tembo from TAG Capital, a family office associated with the ruling family of Dubai (noting an additional $0.9 million tranche from this was received post balance date) to, any potential additional funds from Tembo's de-SPAC IPO, anticipated additional Tembo sales revenues, revenues and yield earned on digital assets or the potential spin-off of our Caret operations.

All financial information presented in US dollars has been rounded to the nearest thousand.

**2.2 Basis of consolidation**

The consolidated financial statements include those of VivoPower International PLC and all of its subsidiary undertakings.

Subsidiary undertakings are those entities controlled directly or indirectly by the Company. The Company controls an investee when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The results of the subsidiaries acquired are included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss from the date of acquisition using the same accounting policies of those of the Group. All business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method. The consideration transferred in a business combination is the fair value at the acquisition date of the assets transferred and the liabilities incurred by the Group and includes the fair value of any contingent consideration arrangement. Acquisition-related costs are recognized in the income statement as incurred. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair value at the acquisition date.

Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies in line with those used by other members of the Group.

All intra-group balances and transactions, including any unrealized income and expense arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in full in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with equity accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group's interest in the investee. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

**2.3 Business combination**

The acquisition method of accounting is used to account for all business combinations, regardless of whether equity instruments or other assets are acquired. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary comprises the:

● fair values of the assets transferred

● liabilities incurred to the former owners of the acquired businesses

● equity interests issued by the Company

● fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, and

● fair value of any pre-existing equity interest in the subsidiary.

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Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are, with limited exceptions, measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. The Group recognizes any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest's proportionate share of the acquired entity's net identifiable assets. Acquisition-related costs are expenses as incurred.

The excess of the:

● consideration transferred

● amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity, and

● acquisition-date fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquired entity

over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If those amounts are less than the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the business acquired, the difference is recognized directly in profit or loss as a bargain purchase.

Where settlement of any part of cash consideration is deferred, the amounts payable in the future are discounted to their present value as at the date of exchange. The discount rate used is the entity's incremental borrowing rate, being the rate at which a similar borrowing could be obtained from an independent financier under comparable terms and conditions.

Contingent consideration is classified either as equity or a financial liability. Amounts classified as a financial liability are subsequently remeasured to fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in profit or loss.

If the business combination is achieved in stages, the acquisition date carrying value of the acquirer's previously held equity interest in the acquiree is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date. Any gains or losses arising from such remeasurement are recognized in profit or loss.

**2.4 Intangible assets**

All intangible assets, except goodwill, are stated at fair value less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is not amortized and is stated at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Any gain on a bargain purchase is recognized in profit or loss immediately.

*Goodwill*

Goodwill arose on the effective acquisition of VivoPower Pty Ltd, Aevitas O Holdings Limited ("Aevitas") and Tembo e-LV B.V. Goodwill is reviewed annually to test for impairment.

*Other intangible assets*

Intangible assets acquired through a business combination are initially measured at fair value and then amortized over their useful economic lives. Subsequent expenditure is capitalized only when it increases the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which it relates.

Development expenditure includes the product development project for ruggedized electric vehicles in Tembo, pre-series-production expenditure on developing vehicle specifications and production processes. Capitalized costs include primarily internal payroll costs, external consultants and computer software.

Development expenditure on U.S. solar projects includes securing land rights, completing feasibility studies, negotiating power purchase agreements, and other costs incurred to prepare project sales for Notice to Proceed with construction and hence sale to a partner as a shovel ready project.

For the electric vehicles product development project, it is the Company's intention to complete the projects. It expects to obtain adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the projects, and management consider that it is probable for the future economic benefits attributable to the development expenditure to flow to the entity; and that the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Accordingly, the development expenditure is recognized under IAS 38 – Intangible Assets as an intangible asset.

All other expenditure, including expenditure on internally generated goodwill and brands, and research costs, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis to write down the assets over their useful economic lives at the following rates:

● Development expenditure - 5 to 10 years

● Customer relationships – 5 to 10 years

● Trade names – 15 to 25 years

● Favorable supply contracts – 15 years

● Other – 5 years

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**2.5 Property, plant and equipment**

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises its purchase price and the costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into use.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis so as to write down the assets to their estimated residual value over their useful economic lives at the following rates:

● Computer equipment - 3 years

● Fixtures and fittings - 3 to 20 years

● Motor vehicles - 5 years

● Plant and equipment – 3.5 to 10 years

● Right-of-use assets – remaining term of lease

**2.6 Assets classified as held for sale and discontinued operations**

Assets are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use and a sale is considered highly probable. They are measured at the lower of their carrying value and fair value less costs to sell. An impairment loss is recognized for any subsequent write-down of the asset to fair value less costs to sell.

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company that has been disposed of or is classified as held for sale and represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations. The results of discontinued operations are presented separately in the Statements of Comprehensive Loss

**2.7 Inventory** 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, in accordance with IAS 2 – Inventories. The cost includes all direct and indirect variable production expenses, plus fixed expenses based on the normal capacity of each production facility. The net realizable value of inventories intended to be sold corresponds to their selling price, as estimated based on market conditions and any relevant external information sources, less the estimated costs necessary to complete the sale.

**2.8 Leases**

The Group leased offices, workshops, motor vehicles, and equipment for fixed periods of 2 months to 8 years but may have extension options. Extension options were not recognized by the Group in the determination of lease liabilities unless renewals are reasonably certain.

Contracts could contain both lease and non-lease components. The Group allocated the consideration in the contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices. However, for leases of real estate for which the Group is a lessee, it elected not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead accounts for these as a single lease component.

Lease terms were negotiated on an individual basis and contain a wide range of different terms and conditions. The lease agreements do not impose any covenants other than the security interests in the leased assets that are held by the lessor. Leased assets were not be used as security for borrowing purposes.

Leases were recognized as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding liability at the date at which the leased asset is available for use by the Group.

Assets and liabilities arising from a lease were initially measured on a present value basis, with lease payments discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group's incremental borrowing rate is used. The Group presents lease liabilities in loans and borrowings in the Statement of Financial Position.

Lease payments were allocated between principal and finance cost. The finance cost is charged to the Statements of Comprehensive Loss over the lease period so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period.

Right-of-use assets are presented in property, plant and equipment and depreciated over the shorter of the asset's useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis.

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**2.9 Impairment of non-financial assets**

Goodwill is allocated to cash-generating units for the purposes of impairment testing. The recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (CGU') to which the goodwill relates is tested annually for impairment or when events or changes to circumstances indicate that it might be impaired.

The carrying values of property, plant and equipment, investments and intangible assets other than goodwill are reviewed for impairment only when events indicate the carrying value may be impaired.

In an impairment test the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit or asset is estimated in order to determine the existence or extent of any impairment loss. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and the value in use to the Group. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount. In determining a cash-generating unit's or asset's value in use, estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time-value of money and risks specific to the cash-generating unit or asset that have not already been included in the estimate of future cash flows. All impairment losses are recognized in the Statements of Comprehensive Loss.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In the case of other assets, impairment losses recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. These impairment losses are reversed if there has been any change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

**2.10 Financial instruments**

Financial assets and liabilities are recognized in the Group's Statements of Financial Position when the Group becomes a party to the contracted provision of the instrument. The following policies for financial instruments have been applied in the preparation of the financial statements.

The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:

● those to be measured subsequently at fair value through profit or loss; and,

● those to be measured at amortized cost.

The classification depends on the business model for managing the financial assets and the contractual terms of the cash flows. Financial assets are classified as an amortized cost only if both of the following criteria are met:

● the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to collect contractual cash flows; and,

● the contractual terms give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

● in the principal market for the asset or liability; or,

● in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible by the Group. The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 - quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 - valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3 - valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable.

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*Cash and cash equivalents*

For the purpose of preparation of the Statement of Cash Flow, cash and cash equivalents includes cash at bank and in hand.

*Restricted cash*

Restricted cash are cash and cash equivalents whose availability for use within the Group is subject to certain restrictions by third parties.

*Trade and other receivables*

Trade and other receivables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any allowance for the expected future issue of credit notes and for non-recoverability due to credit risk. The Group applies the IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for all trade receivables and contract assets. To measure expected credit losses, trade receivables and contract assets have been grouped based on shared risk characteristics.

*Trade and other payables*

Trade and other payables are non-interest bearing and are stated at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

*Share capital*

Ordinary Shares, nominal value $0.12 per share (the "Ordinary Shares") are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of Ordinary Shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.

*Repurchase of share capital (treasury shares)*

When share capital recognized as equity is repurchased as equity by the Company the amount of the consideration paid, which includes directly attributable costs, net of any tax effects, is recognized as a deduction from equity, and excluded from the number of shares in issue when calculating loss per share.

**2.11 Taxation**

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax.

Current tax is recognized based on the amounts expected to be paid or recovered under the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Deferred tax is provided on temporary timing differences that arise between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their corresponding tax values. Liabilities are recorded on all temporary differences except in respect of initial recognition of goodwill and in respect of investments in subsidiaries where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the Group and it is probable that it will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be offset. Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the accounting period.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities, they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority and the Group intends to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.

Current and deferred tax are recognized in the Statements of Comprehensive Loss, except when the tax relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case it is dealt with directly in equity.

**2.12** **Provisions**

Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation because of a past event, it is probable that the Group will be required to settle that obligation, and it can be measured reliably.

Provisions are measured at the directors' best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligation at the date of Statement of Financial Position.

Where the time value of money is material, provisions are measured at the present value of expenditures expected to be paid in settlement.

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**2.13 Loss per share**

The Group presents basic and diluted loss per share ("EPS") data for Ordinary Shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of Ordinary Shares, excluding the shares held as treasury shares. Currently there are no diluting effects on EPS for Ordinary Shares, therefore, diluted EPS is the same as basic EPS.

**2.14 Foreign currencies**

The Company's functional and presentational currency is the US dollar. Items included in the separate financial statements of each Group entity are measured in the functional currency of that entity. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency of the entity at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the individual transactions. Foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange prevailing at the end of the reporting period.

Exchange gains and losses arising are charged to the Statements of Comprehensive Loss within finance income or expenses. The Statements of Comprehensive Loss and Statement of Financial Position of foreign entities are translated into US dollars on consolidation at the average rates for the period and the rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period respectively. Exchange gains and losses arising on the translation of the Group's net investment foreign entities are recognized as a separate component of shareholders' equity.

Foreign currency denominated share capital and related share premium and reserve accounts are recorded at the historical exchange rate at the time the shares were issued, or the equity created.

**2.15 Revenue from contracts with customers**

Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of services in the ordinary course of the Group's activities. Revenue is shown net of discounts, value-added tax, other sales related taxes, and after the elimination of sales within the Group.

Revenue comprises development revenues, electrical installations, electrical servicing and maintenance, generator sales, vehicle spec conversion and conversion kits. Revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of contractual performance obligations.

The Group has a number of different revenue streams and the key components in determining the correct recognition are as follows:

Development revenue, which is revenue generated from development services relating to the building and construction of solar projects, is recognized on a percentage completion basis as the value is accrued by the end user over the life of the contract. The periodic recognition is calculated through weekly project progress reports.

On longer-term power services projects such as large-scale equipment provision and installation, the performance obligation of completing the installation is satisfied over time, and revenue is recognized on a percentage completion basis using an input method. Revenue for stand-alone equipment sales is recognized at the point of passing control of the asset to the customer. Other revenue for small jobs and those completed in a limited timeframe are recognized when the job is complete and accepted by the customer.

Revenue for sale of electric vehicles, kits for electric vehicles and related products is recognized upon delivery to the customer. Where distribution agreements are agreed with external parties to participate in the assembly of vehicles, revenue recognition will be assessed under IFRS 15 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers, to establish the principal and agent in the relationship between the parties and with the end customer.

Warranties are of short duration and only cover defective workmanship and defective materials. No additional services are committed to which generate a performance obligation.

No adjustment is made for the effects of financing, as the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between when the goods and services are transferred to the customer and when the customer pays, will be one year or less.

If the revenue recognized for goods and services rendered by the Company exceeds amounts that the Company is entitled to bill the customer, a contract asset is recognized. If amounts billed exceed the revenue recognized for goods and services rendered, a contract liability is recognized.

Incremental costs of obtaining a contract are expensed as incurred.

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**2.16 Other income**

Other income in relation to government grants is recognized in the period that the related costs, for which the grants are intended to compensate, are expensed.

**2.17 Employee benefits**

*Pension*

The employer pension contributions are associated with defined contribution schemes. The costs are therefore recognized in the month in which the contribution is incurred, which is consistent with recognition of payroll expenses.

*Short-term benefits*

Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided.

A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus or profit-sharing plans if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount because of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be reliably measured.

*Short-term compensated absences*

A liability for short-term compensated absences, such as holidays, is recognized for the amount the Group may be required to pay because of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the end of the reporting period.

*Share-based payments*

Shares issued to employees and other participants under the Omnibus Incentive Plan 2017 are recognized over the expected vesting period, using the grant date share price, in accordance with IFRS 2 Share-based Payments.

**2.18 Restructuring and other non-recurring costs**

Restructuring and other non-recurring costs are by nature one-time incurrences and do not represent the normal trading activities of the business and accordingly are disclosed separately on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss in accordance with IAS 1 – Presentation of Financial Statements in order to draw them to the attention of the reader of the financial statements. Restructuring costs are defined in accordance with IAS 37 – Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets as being related to sale or termination of a line of business, closure of business locations, changes in management structure, or fundamental reorganizations.

Other non-recurring costs include litigation expenses for former employees, including fees for legal services and provisions under IAS 37 for legal fee dispute resolutions that are probable to result in a quantifiable financial outflow by the Company.

Other non-recurring costs also include provisions created for the recoverability of UK input taxes claimed in prior years.

**2.19 New standards, amendments and interpretations**

At the date of authorization of these financial statements the following Standards and Interpretations which have not been applied in these financial statements were in issue but not yet effective:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| *International Accounting Standards (amendments)* | *Effective date\** |
| Amendment to IAS 1 - Non-current liabilities with covenants | 1 January 2024 |
| IFRS 16 - Amendments regarding lease liability in a sale and leaseback | 1 January 2024 |
| Amendment to IAS 7 and IFRS 7 - Supplier finance | 1 January 2024 |
| Amendments to IAS 21 - Lack of Exchangeability | 1 January 2025 |
| Amendment to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 - Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments | 1 January 2026 |
| IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements | 1 January 2027 |
| IFRS 19 Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures | 1 January 2024 |
| IFRS S1, 'General requirements for disclosure of sustainability-related financial information | 1 January 2024 |
| IFRS S2, 'Climate-related disclosures' |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\*Years beginning on or after |  |

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The Directors do not expect that the adoption of the standards listed above will have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group or Company in future periods.

**3. Significant accounting judgements and estimates**

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the directors are required to make judgements in applying the Group's accounting policies and in making estimates and making assumptions about the future. These estimates could have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying value of assets and liabilities in the future financial periods. The critical judgements that have been made in arriving at the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements are discussed below.

**3.1** **Revenue from contracts with customers** – **determining the timing of satisfaction of services** 

As disclosed in Note 2.15 to the Financial Statements the Group concluded that Solar Development revenue and revenue from other long-term projects is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided. The Group determined that the percentage completion basis is the best method in measuring progress because there is a direct relationship between the Group's effort and the transfer of services to the customer. The judgement used in applying the percentage completion basis affects the amount and timing of revenue from contracts.

**3.2** **Impairment of non-financial assets** 

The carrying values of property, plant and equipment, investments and intangible assets other than goodwill are reviewed for impairment only when events indicate the carrying value may be impaired. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment or when events or changes to circumstances indicate that it might be impaired.

Impairment assessments require the use of estimates and assumptions. To assess impairment, estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time-value of money and risks specific to the related cash-generating unit. Judgement was applied in making estimates and assumptions about the future cash flows, including the appropriateness of discounts rates applied and operating performance (which includes production and sales volumes), as further disclosed in Note 13. These estimates and assumptions are subject to risk and uncertainty. Therefore, there is a possibility that changes in circumstances will impact on these projections, which may impact on the recoverable amount of assets and/or CGUs.

Intangibles impaired during the year were for Caret leases abandoned or not renewed. Additionally, some of the tangible assets of Tembo EV Pty Ltd (Tembo EV) and Tembo 4x4 e-LV B.V. were assessed to be impaired by the end of the fiscal year.

During the year, the Company recognized total impairments of $1.6 million relating to intangibles and goodwill (2024: $29.8 million; 2023:0.4 million). This comprises $1.6 million for the impairment of Caret's remaining solar projects.

Following evidence of impairment, assessment was made of equipment of Tembo 4x4 e-LV B.V and FD 4x4 Centre B.V. and obsolescence of Tembo 4x4 e-LV B.V. inventory, the company recorded an impairment amounting to $0.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively for the current year.

**3.3** **Operating profit/(loss)** 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements of the Group, judgement was applied with respect to those items which are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss as included within operating profit/(loss). Those revenues and expenses which are determined to be specifically related to the on-going operating activities of the business are included within operating profit/(loss). Expenses or charges to earnings which are not related to operating activities are one-time costs determined to be not representative of the normal trading activities of the business, or that arise from revaluation of assets, are reported below operating profit/loss.

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**3.4** **Litigation provision** 

Currently, there is an ongoing dispute with a prior client Accès Industriel in Canada for the settlement of $596,000, which they initially paid as part of the sales contracts for Tembo EUV conversions for which a provision of the same amount has been set up as of June 30, 2025. Additionally, during the year, provisions were also made on disputes with Salesforce, Workato and ComplianceQuest amounting to $115,000, $40,000 and $60,000, respectively.

In FY24, a litigation provision of $0.2 million was made in the accounts as settlement of the lawsuit with the Estate of the Late W.Q. Richards over Caret leases TX144 and TX145. These leases granted Caret the rights to utilize the land for potential solar energy projects. The suit was settled with a payment of $0.05 million made in September 2024 to be followed by 12 equal monthly payments of $14,583.33. As of June 30, 2025, the said provision is fully utilized and settled.

**3.5** **Capitalization of product development costs** 

The Group capitalizes costs for product development projects in the EV segment. The capitalization of costs is based on management's judgement that technological and economic feasibility is confirmed, and all other recognition criteria within IAS 38 can be demonstrated. In determining the amounts to be capitalized, management makes assumptions regarding the expected future cash generation, discount rates to be applied and the expected period of benefits. As of June 30, 2025, the carrying amount of capitalized development costs were $14.9 million (2024: $11.6 million; 2023: $7.8 million).

**3.6** **Income taxes** 

In recognizing income tax assets and liabilities, management makes estimates of the likely outcome of decisions by tax authorities on transactions and events whose treatment for tax purposes is uncertain. Where the outcome of such matters is different, or expected to be different, from previous assessments made by management, a change to the carrying value of the income tax assets and liabilities will be recorded in the period in which such determination is made. The carrying values of income tax assets and liabilities are disclosed separately in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

**3.7** **Deferred tax assets** 

Deferred tax assets for unused tax losses and other timing differences amounting to $4.4 million at June 30, 2025 (June 30, 2024: $4.1 million; June 30, 2023: $5.1 million) are recognized to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available against which the losses can be utilized. Management judgement is required to determine the amount of deferred tax assets that can be recognized, based upon the likely timing and level of future taxable profits. To the extent that future cash flows and taxable income differ significantly from estimates, the ability of the Company to realize the deferred tax assets recorded at the reporting date could be impacted.

**3.8** **Fair value measurement** 

The fair values of financial assets and liabilities recorded in the statement of financial position are measured using valuation techniques including discounted cash flow ("DCF") models. The inputs to these models are taken from observable markets where possible, but where this is not feasible, a degree of judgement is required in establishing fair values. Changes in assumptions about these factors could affect the reported fair value. When the fair values of non-financial assets/Cash Generating Unit's (CGU's) need to be determined, for example in business combinations and for impairment testing purposes, they are measured using valuation techniques including the DCF model.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **4** | **Revenue and segmental information** |

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The Group determines and presents operating segments based on the information that is provided internally to the board of directors of the Company (the "Board"), which is the Group's chief operating decision maker.

Management analyzes our business in five reportable segments: Electric Vehicles, Sustainable Energy Solutions, Solar Development, Digital Assets and Corporate Office.

The Critical Power Services segment, previously represented by VivoPower's wholly owned subsidiary Aevitas and its subsidiaries KESW EL Pty Limited ("Kenshaw") and Kenshaw Solar Pty Ltd (previously J.A. Martin) ("Aevitas Solar"), has been discontinued following the sale of Kenshaw to ARA Group Limited in July 2024. Accordingly, Critical Power Services is no longer considered an operating segment.

The Electric Vehicles segment is represented by Tembo e-LV B.V. ("Tembo"), a Netherlands-based specialist battery-electric and off-road vehicle company delivering electric vehicles ("EVs") for mining and other rugged industrial customers globally. Tembo also includes Tembo EV Pty Ltd, which launched the Tembo Tusker electric pickup truck in Australia and New Zealand, and Tembo Technologies Pty Ltd, which is developing an all-electric Jeepney for the Philippines transport market. For the year ended June 30, 2025, no revenue was recognized from Tembo Technologies Pty Ltd.

The Sustainable Energy Solutions ("SES") segment involves the design, evaluation, sale, and implementation of renewable energy infrastructure to customers, both on a standalone basis and in support of Tembo EVs.

The Solar Development segment is represented by Caret LLC ("Caret") in the United States, which now also includes the separate segment of Digital Assets, being digital revenue streams from digital asset mining activities.

The Corporate Office segment represents the Company's corporate functions, including costs to maintain its Nasdaq public company listing, compliance with SEC reporting requirements, and investor relations activities, and is located in the United Kingdom.

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An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including any revenues and expenses that relate to the transactions with any of the Group's other components. Operating segments results are reviewed regularly by the Board to assess its performance and make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment, and for which discrete financial information is available.

Segment results that are reported to the Board include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated to a segment on a reasonable basis.

**4.1** **Revenue** 

Revenue from continuing operations by geographic location is as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Australia | 53 |  | 2591 |
| United States | 8 |  |  |
| Netherlands | - | 16 | 1464 |
| **Total revenues** | **61** | **16** | **4055** |

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Revenue by product and service is as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Electrical products and related services |  |  | 2591 |
| Digital asset revenue | 8 |  |  |
| Vehicle spec conversion | 50 |  |  |
| Conversion kits | 3 | 16 | 1394 |
| Accessories |  | - | 70 |
| **Total revenues** | **61** | **16** | **4055** |

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The Group had two customers representing more than 10% of revenue for the year ended June 30, 2025 (year ended June 30, 2024: 1; year ended June 30, 2023: 1).

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**4.2** **Operating segments** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**a)** Segment
 results of operations

Results of operations by reportable segment are as follows:

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| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | | |
| <br>**Year Ended June **30, 2025**<br>** <br>**(US dollars in** thousands)** | **Critical Power**<br>**Services** | **Solar**<br>**Development** | **Electric**<br>**Vehicles** | **Sustainable Energy**<br>**Solutions** | **Corporate**<br>**Office** | **Digital**<br>**Assets** | **Total**<br>**Continuing** | **Discontinued operations**<br>**Critical Power**<br>**Services** |<br>**Total** |
| Revenue from contracts with customers |  |  | 53 |  |  | 8 | 61 |  | 61 |
| Costs of sales - other |  |  | (50) |  |  |  | (50) |  | (50) |
| Cost of sales - non-recurring events | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| **Gross profit** | **-** | **-** | **3** | **-** | **-** | **8** | **11** | **-** | **11** |
| General and administrative expenses | (8) | (7) | (1759) | 37 | (6496) |  | (8233) |  | (8233) |
| Other gains |  |  |  | 16 |  |  | 16 | 1648 | 1664 |
| Other income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Depreciation and amortization | - | - | (509) | (3) | (1) | (4) | (517) | - | (517) |
| **Operating loss** | **(8)** | **(7)** | **(2265)** | **50** | **(6497)** | **4** | **(8723)** | **1648** | **(7075)** |
| Restructuring and other non-recurring costs | (1185) |  | (176) | 2072 | (1123) |  | (412) |  | (412) |
| Impairment costs |  | (1549) | (982) |  |  |  | (2531) |  | (2531) |
| Finance expense - net | (175) | - | 1466 | (39) | (4717) | - | (3465) | - | (3465) |
| **Profit/(loss) before income tax** | **(1368)** | **(1556)** | **(1957)** | **2083** | **(12337)** | **4** | **(15131)** | **1648** | **(13483)** |
| Income tax | - | - | 552 | - | 139 | - | 691 | - | 691 |
| **Loss for the year** | **(1368)** | **(1556)** | **(1405)** | **2083** | **(12198)** | **4** | **(14440)** | **1648** | **(12792)** |

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| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | | |
| <br>**Year Ended June 30, 2024**<br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **Critical Power**<br>**Services** | **Solar**<br>**Development** | **Electric**<br>**Vehicles** | **Sustainable Energy**<br>**Solutions** | **Corporate**<br>**Office** | **Total**<br>**Continuing** | **Discontinued operations**<br>**Critical Power**<br>**Services** |<br>**Total** |
| **Revenue from contracts with customers** | - | - | 16 | - | - | 16 | 11811 | 11827 |
| **Costs of sales - other** | (52) | - | 102 | (23) | - | 27 | (10268) | (10241) |
| **Gross profit** | **(52)** | **-** | **118** | **(23)** | **-** | **43** | **1543** | **1586** |
| **General and administrative expenses** | (53) | (344) | (1794) | (324) | (5006) | (7521) | (1228) | (8749) |
| **Other gains** | 47 | - | 10 | 32 | - | 89 | 4 | 93 |
| **Other income** | - | - | - | - | - | - | 99 | 99 |
| **Depreciation and amortization** | (448) | - | (671) | (3) | (8) | (1130) | (439) | (1569) |
| **Operating loss** | **(506)** | **(344)** | **(2337)** | **(318)** | **(5014)** | **(8519)** | **(21)** | **(8540)** |
| **Restructuring and other non-recurring costs** | - | - | - | - | (1392) | (1392) | 2 | (1390) |
| **Impairment losses** | (48315) | (11187) | (366) | 10787 | (77325) | (29686) | (552) | (30238) |
| **Finance expense - net** | (3741) | (2) | (2726) | (68) | 1918 | (4619) | (310) | (4929) |
| **Profit/(loss) before income tax** | **44068** | **(11533)** | **(5429)** | **10491** | **(81813)** | **(44216)** | **(881)** | **(45097)** |
| **Income tax** | (797) | - | 277 | (1083) | - | (1603) | - | (1603) |
| **Loss for the year** | **43271** | **(11533)** | **(5152)** | **9408** | **(81813)** | **(45819)** | **(881)** | **(46700)** |

---

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | **Continuing operations** | | |
| <br>**Year Ended June 30, 2023**<br>**(US dollars in** thousands)** | **Critical Power**<br>**Services** | **Solar**<br>**Development** | **Electric**<br>**Vehicles** | **Sustainable Energy**<br>**Solutions** | **Corporate**<br>**Office** | **Total**<br>**Continuing** | **Discontinued operations**<br>**Critical Power**<br>**Services** |<br>**Total** |
| Revenue from contracts with customers | 2591 |  | 1464 |  |  | 4055 | 11005 | 15060 |
| Costs of sales - other | (2722) |  | (1572) |  |  | (4294) | (9178) | (13472) |
| Cost of sales - non-recurring events | (3850) | - | - | - | - | (3850) | - | (3850) |
| **Gross profit** | **(3981)** | **-** | **(108)** | **-** | **-** | **(4089)** | **1827** | **(2262)** |
| General and administrative expenses | (195) | (297) | (1005) | (367) | (4561) | (6425) | (1195) | (7620) |
| Gain/(loss) on solar development | 1 |  |  | 30 |  | 31 | (4208) | (4177) |
| Other income | 13 | 69 |  |  |  | 82 | 37 | 119 |
| Depreciation and amortization | (653) | - | (673) | (3) | (10) | (1339) | (242) | (1581) |
| **Operating loss** | **(4815)** | **(228)** | **(1786)** | **(340)** | **(4571)** | **(11740)** | **(3781)** | **(15521)** |
| Restructuring and other non-recurring costs |  |  | 200 |  | (1862) | (1662) | (1) | (1663) |
| Impairment loss |  |  | (414) |  | (7) | (421) | - | (421) |
| Finance expense - net | (6314) | (34) | 936 | (50) | (221) | (5683) | (527) | (6210) |
| **Profit/(loss) before income tax** | **(11129)** | **(262)** | **(1064)** | **(390)** | **(6661)** | **(19506)** | **(4309)** | **(23815)** |
| Income tax | (638) | - | (40) | 119 | - | (559) | 19 | (540) |
| **Loss for the year** | **(11767)** | **(262)** | **(1104)** | **(271)** | **(6661)** | **(20065)** | **(4290)** | **(24355)** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**b)** Segment
 net assets

Net assets by reportable segment are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **As at June 30, 2025**<br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **Critical Power**<br>**Services** | **Solar**<br>**Development** | **Electric**<br>**Vehicles** | **Sustainable Energy**<br>**Solutions** | **Corporate**<br>**Office** | **Digital**<br>**Assets** |<br>**Total** |
| Assets | 224 | 42 | 33875 | 84 | 62899 | 4 | 97128 |
| Liabilities | (1518) | (62) | (22344) | (154) | (52946) | - | (77024) |
| **Net assets/(liabilities)** | **(1294)** | **(20)** | **11531** | **(70)** | **9953** | 4 | **20104** |

---

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **As at June 30, 2024**<br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **Critical Power**<br>**Services** | **Solar**<br>**Development** | **Electric**<br>**Vehicles** | **Sustainable Energy**<br>**Solutions** | **Corporate**<br>**Office** |<br>**Total** |
| Assets | 5958 | 1549 | 20674 | 72 | 9180 | 37433 |
| Liabilities | (8596) | (284) | (17550) | (1026) | (50514) | (77970) |
| **Net assets/(liabilities)** | **(2638)** | **1265** | **3124** | **(954)** | **(41334)** | **(40537)** |

---

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **As at June 30, 2023**<br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **Critical Power**<br>**Services** | **Solar**<br>**Development** | **Electric**<br>**Vehicles** | **Sustainable Energy**<br>**Solutions** | **Corporate**<br>**Office** |<br>**Total** |
| Assets | 18034 | 12726 | 17493 | 10343 | 2819 | 61416 |
| Liabilities | (15539) | - | (7564) | (645) | (33921) | (57670) |
| **Net assets/(liabilities)** | **2495** | **12726** | **9929** | **9698** | **(31102)** | **3746** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**5.** **Other gains**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Australian solar projects |  | 32 | 31 |
| Other gains | 16 | 57 | - |
| **Total other gains** | **16** | **89** | **31** |

---

**6. Other income**

There is no other income recognized in the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Other income of $0.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 mainly relating to COVID-19 grants and subsidies in Critical Power Services in Australia.

**7. Operating profit/(loss)**

Operating profit/(loss) from continuing operations is stated after charging/(crediting):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Amortization of intangible assets | 360 | 384 | 831 |
| Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 157 | 746 | 750 |
| Auditors' remuneration - audit fees | 250 | 267 | 193 |
| Auditors' remuneration - tax services |  |  | 8 |
| Directors' emoluments | 777 | 742 | 719 |
| Other losses/(gains) | (16) | (89) | (30) |

---

**8. Restructuring and other non-recurring costs**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Corporate restructuring - professional fees |  |  | 200 |
| Corporate restructuring - litigation provision | 596 |  |  |
| Fiscal provision | 154 | 1389 | 1768 |
| Gain on effectuation of DOCA | (514) |  |  |
| Remediation |  |  | (361) |
| Acquisition related and other costs | 176 | 3 | 55 |
| **Total** | **412** | **1392** | **1662** |

---

In the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company has setup a provision relating to the ongoing dispute with a prior client, Accès Industriel in Canada for the settlement of $596,000 which they initially paid as part of the sales contracts for Tembo EUV conversions. Additionally, during the year, provisions were also made relating to payroll tax for Tembo amounting to $0.1 million.

In the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company incurred non-recurring costs of $0.2 million (June 30, 2024: $1.4 million, June 30, 2023: $1.8 million) relating to the provision for VAT liability that is assessed by HMRC.

In the year ended June 30, 2023, a provision of $1 million was made for the potential failure to convince HMRC that the VAT claims made by VivoPower International PLC ("PLC") were correct and should be refunded to the company. During FY24, HMRC cancelled the VAT Registration for PLC on the basis that the claim had no merit. Post year-end, PLC has lodged a formal appeal with HMRC and is currently considering further options, which may include seeking a Tribunal hearing if necessary.

Also, in FY24 HMRC cancelled the VAT registration of VivoPower International Services Ltd ("VISL") due to outstanding payments. Post year end VISL has lodged a formal appeal with HMRC. Should this appeal fail we then plan to insist on a Tribunal hearing.

Additionally, post year end both PLC and VISL have engaged a UK based legal firm specializing in solving VAT issues with HMRC.

Restructuring and other non-recurring costs by nature are one-time incurrences, and therefore, do not represent normal trading activities of the business. These costs are disclosed separately in order to draw them to the attention of the reader of the financial information and enable comparability in future periods.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**9. Staff numbers and costs**

The average number of employees (including directors) during the period was:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Sales and Business Development | 11 | 4 | 11 |
| Central Services and Management | 14 | 10 | 18 |
| Production | 16 | 46 | 64 |
| **Total** | **41** | **60** | **93** |

---

Their aggregate remuneration costs comprised:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Salaries, wages and incentives | 1025 | 2045 | 5465 |
| Social security costs | 21 | 362 | 430 |
| Pension contributions | 35 | 175 | 369 |
| Short-term compensated absences | 8 | 39 | 366 |
| **Total** | **1089** | **2621** | **6630** |

---

Directors' emoluments for the year ended June 30, 2025 were $276,453 (year ended June 30, 2024: $358,292; year ended June 30, 2023: $347,179) of which the highest paid director received $87,953 (year ended June 30, 2024: $85,571; year ended June 30, 2023: $81,819). Our Executive Chairman, Kevin Chin, also received an additional £325,000 for his role as the CEO during the year ended June 30, 2025 (year ended June 30, 2024 and 2023: £325,000). Director emoluments include employer social security costs.

Key Management Personnel:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Salaries, wages and incentives | 597 | 957 | 1120 |
| Social security costs |  | 6 | 38 |
| Pension contributions | 16 | 35 | 60 |
| **Total** | **613** | **998** | **1218** |

---

Key management personnel are those below the Board level that have a significant impact on the operations of the business. The number of key management personnel, including directors for the year ended June 30, 2025 was 6 (year ended June 30, 2024: 8; year ended June 30, 2023: 10).

**10. Finance income and expense**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Finance income** |  |  |  |
| Foreign exchange gain | 3560 | 1380 | 1150 |
| Interest income | 8 | 16 | 6 |
| **Total finance income** | **3568** | **1396** | **1156** |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Finance expense** |  |  |  |
| Related party loan interest payable | 4532 | 4637 | 3801 |
| Preference shares interest payable | 298 | 267 | 204 |
| Convertible Warrants | 413 |  |  |
| Lease liability interest payable | 4 | 13 | 15 |
| Bank interest payable | 56 | 49 | 41) |
| Foreign exchange losses | 1533 | 452 | 2540 |
| Other finance costs | 197 | 597 | 238 |
| **Total finance expense** | **7033** | **6015** | **6839** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**11. Taxation**

(a) Tax
 (charge)/credit

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| | **2025** | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** | **2023** | **2023** | **2023** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **Continuing** | **Discontinued** | **Total** | **Continuing** | **Discontinued** | **Total** | **Continuing** | **Discontinued** | **Total** |
| **Current tax** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| UK corporation tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Foreign tax | 139 |  | 139 | - |  | - | (924) | - | (924) |
| **Total current tax** | **-** |  | **-** | **-** |  | **-** | **(924)** | **-** | **(924)** |
| **Deferred tax** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Current year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| UK tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Foreign tax | 552 |  | 552 | (1603) |  | (1603) | 365 | 19 | 384 |
| **Total deferred tax** | **552** |  | **552** | **(1603)** |  | **(1603)** | **365** | **19** | **384** |
| **Total income tax** | **691** |  | **691** | **(1603)** |  | **(1603)** | **(559)** | **19** | **(540)** |

---

The difference between the total tax charge and the amount calculated by applying the weighted average corporation tax rates applicable to each of the tax jurisdictions in which the Group operates to the profit before tax is shown below.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Loss before income tax before continuing operations** | (15131) | (44216) | (19506) |
| Group weighted average corporation tax rate | 23.1% | 18.36% | 26.60% |
| Tax at standard rate | 3489 | 8121 | 5189 |
| Effects of: |  |  |  |
| Expenses that are not deductible for tax purposes |  |  |  |
| Deferred tax assets not recognized on tax losses | (2798) | (9724) | (5748) |
| **Total income tax from continuing operation for the period recognized in the** |  |  |  |
| **Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss** | **691** | **(1603)** | **(559)** |

---

**(b)** **Deferred tax** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Deferred tax assets | 4405 | 4099 | 5136 |
| Deferred tax liabilities | (2572) | (2873) | (2232) |
| **Net deferred tax asset** | **1833** | **1226** | **2904** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

The deferred tax assets are analyzed as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Deferred tax assets** | **Tax losses** | **Other timing differences** | **Total** |
| **June 30, 2022** | **4080** | **588** | **4668** |
| Credit to comprehensive income | 196 | 272 | 468 |
| **June 30, 2023** | **4276** | **860** | **5136** |
| Charged to comprehensive income | (177) | (860) | (1037) |
| **June 30, 2024** | **4099** | **-** | **4099** |
| Charged to comprehensive income | 306 |  | 306 |
| **June 30, 2025** | **4405** | **-** | **4405** |

---

The deferred tax liabilities are analyzed as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Deferred tax liabilities** | **Accelerated allowances** | **Other timing differences** | **Total** |
| **June 30, 2022** |  | **(1234)** | **(1234)** |
| Charged to comprehensive income |  | (998) | (998) |
| **June 30, 2023** |  | **(2232)** | **(2232)** |
| Charged to comprehensive income |  | (641) | (641) |
| **June 30, 2024** |  | **(2873)** | **(2873)** |
| Charged to comprehensive income |  | 301 | 301 |
| **June 30, 2025** |  | **(2572)** | **(2572)** |

---

Deferred tax has been recognized in the current period using the tax rates applicable to each of the tax jurisdictions in which the Group operates. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

**12. Property, plant and equipment**

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(US dollars in thousands)** | **Computer Equipment** | **Motor Vehicles** | **Plant & Equipment** | **Fixtures & Fittings** | **Right-of-Use Assets** | **Total** |
| **Cost** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **At June 30, 2022** | **318** | **433** | **1440** | **247** | **3599** | **6037** |
| Reclassifications/corrections |  |  |  |  | (707) | (707) |
| Foreign exchange | (10) | (23) | (32) | (9) | (43) | (117) |
| Additions | 36 | 92 | 558 | 10 | 239 | 935 |
| Disposals | (37) | (39) | (250) | - | (54) | (380) |
| **At June 30, 2023** | **307** | **463** | **1716** | **248** | **3034** | **5768** |
| Reclass to assets held for sale<sup>1</sup> | (235) | (400) | (867) | (249) | (2049) | (3800) |
| Foreign exchange | 1 | 2 |  |  | (5) | (2) |
| Additions | 18 | 307 | 57 | 1 | 226 | 609 |
| Disposals | (3) | (63) | (495) |  | (1131) | (1692) |
| **At June 30, 2024** | **88** | **309** | **411** | **-** | **75** | **883** |
| Foreign Exchange |  | 4 | 37 |  | 7 | 48 |
| Additions | 41 | 867 | 77 |  | 238 | 1223 |
| Disposals | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| **At June 30, 2025** | **129** | **1180** | **525** | **-** | **320** | **2154** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(US dollars in thousands)** | **Computer Equipment** | **Motor Vehicles** | **Plant & Equipment** | **Fixtures & Fittings** | **Right-of-Use Assets** | **Total** |
| **Depreciation** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **At June 30, 2022** | **238** | **211** | **717** | **29** | **1099** | **2294** |
| Reclassifications/corrections |  |  |  |  | (685) | (685) |
| Foreign exchange | (5) | (10) | (18) | (1) | (29) | (63) |
| Charge for the year | 48 | 90 | 179 | 22 | 411 | 750 |
| Disposals | (26) | (28) | (171) | 0 | (45) | (270) |
| **At June 30, 2023** | **255** | **263** | **707** | **50** | **751** | **2026** |
| Reclass to assets held for sale<sup>1</sup> | (201) | (287) | (543) | (71) | (616) | (1759) |
| Foreign exchange | (1) | (3) | (1) |  | (23) | (28) |
| Charge for the year | 31 | 87 | 136 | 21 | 474 | 749 |
| Disposals | (4) | (40) | (30) | - | (470) | (544) |
| **At June 30, 2024** | **80** | **20** | **269** | **-** | **75** | **444** |
| Foreign Exchange |  | 1 | 29 |  | 7 | 37 |
| Charge for the year | 9 | 41 | 59 |  | 48 | 157 |
| Impairment |  | 14 | 42 |  |  | 56 |
| **At June 30, 2025** | **89** | **76** | **399** | **-** | **130** | **694** |

---

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Net book value** | **Computer Equipment** | **Motor vehicles** | **Plant & Equipment** | **Fixtures & Fittings** | **Right-of-Use Assets** | **Total** |
| At June 30, 2023 | 52 | 200 | 1009 | 198 | 2283 | 3742 |
| At June 30, 2024 | 8 | 289 | 142 |  |  | 439 |
| At June 30, 2025 | 40 | 1104 | 126 |  | 190 | 1460 |

---

1. Reclassification
 to Held for Sale at June 30, 2024 on account of the sale of Kenshaw Electrical, refer to Note 20 Discontinued Operations

**13. Intangible assets**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Goodwill | 1788 | 1635 | 17697 |
| Other intangible assets | 14906 | 13600 | 24478 |
| **Total** | **16694** | **15235** | **42175** |

---

**a)** **Goodwill** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| As at July 1 | 1635 | 17697 | 18269 |
| Reclassification to held for sale assets |  |  |  |
| Impairment losses |  | (16124) |  |
| Foreign exchange | 153 | 62 | (572) |
| **Carrying value** | **1788** | **1635** | **17697** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**b)**

The carrying amounts of goodwill by Cash Generating Unit ("CGU") are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Aevitas O Holdings Limited (allocated to the Critical Power Services segment) |  |  | 6946 |
| VivoPower Pty Ltd (allocated to the Solar Development segment) |  |  | 9091 |
| Tembo (allocated to the Electric Vehicle segment) | 1788 | 1635 | 1660 |
| **Total** | **1788** | **1635** | **17697** |

---

The Group conducts impairment tests on the carrying value of goodwill and intangibles annually, or more frequently if there are any indications that goodwill might be impaired. The recoverable amount of the Cash Generating Unit ("CGU") to which goodwill has been allocated is determined from value in use calculations. The key assumptions in the calculations are the discount rates applied, expected operating margin levels and long-term growth rates. Management estimates discount rates that reflect the current market assessments while margins and growth rates are based upon approved budgets and related projections.

The Group prepares cash flow forecasts using the approved budgets for the coming fiscal year and management projections for the following two years. Cash flows are also projected for subsequent years as management believe that the investment is held for the long term. These budgets and projections reflect management's view of the expected market conditions and the position of the CGU's products and services within those markets.

Following the sale of Kenshaw Electric on July 2, 2024, the CGU represented by Aevitas (being Critical Power Services) was written off as no longer being capable of being recovered from ongoing operations.

With the sale of Kenshaw and the writing off of all goodwill and intangibles, it was then required to affect a similar write-off of the goodwill and intangibles held by VIWR AU Pty Ltd (VIWR AU) as also no longer capable of being recovered. On July 5, 2024 following a detailed internal review of VIWR AU it was decided to place it into Voluntary Administration, hence requiring the final write off of all VIWR AU's goodwill and intangibles held in other subsidiaries.

The intangibles represented by Tembo e-LV and its subsidiaries was assessed to have a value in excess of its carrying value. Key assumptions used in the assessment of impairment were a discount rate based on the weighted average cost of capital of 12.1% (June 30, 2024: 13.7%, June 30, 2022: 12%) and an EBITDA compound average annual growth rate (CAGR) of 115% over the next 5 years. We have conducted a discounted cashflow for the impairment testing model; we have not included the terminal value in our analysis. Growth rates reflect the commencement of sales of the Tembo Tusker, electric Jeepneys, and conversion kits over the five-year period. This is underpinned by customer demand pursuant to sales agreements, including over 15,000 units of conversion kits, with major international distribution partners such as Bodiz Automotive LLC (Mongolia), GHH Mining Machines (now owned by Komatsu), Fourche Maline Energy Ltd (Ghana), Associated Vehicle Assemblers (AVA Kenya), Green Watt (KSA), Al Taif (UAE) Ulti Mech (Australia), and Sarao Motors (Philippines).

We conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of changes in key assumptions on the impairment testing for Tembo. As part of this, a sensitivity table was prepared using discount rates (WACC) of up to 20%. The results demonstrated that, under these adjusted assumptions, no impairment would be required. The analysis further indicated that impairment would only arise if the WACC were to exceed 60%.

In reviewing past performance and lack of Revenues we have analyzed the following;

● Supply Chain issues relating to limited cash flows to procure components

● Staffing issues relating to the changing nature of our R&D activities

● Moving from Design to Test and potential rework

● Customer appetite to place orders and commit

● Customer acceptance of our revised Terms of Trade

● Now aligned with what other EV Conversion Kits suppliers are requiring

● Supplier's capability to deliver the volumes we believe we can sell

● Tembo's ability to train and support the early adopters of our kits

The cash-generating unit (CGU) represented by the Caret solar projects (TX75 and TX341) was assessed to be impaired in FY25, resulting in the recognition of an impairment charge.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**(b)** **Other intangible assets** 

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(US dollars in thousands)** | **Customer Relationships** | **Trade Names** | **Favorable Supply Contracts** | **Solar Projects** | **Product Development** | **Other Intangible Assets** | **Total Intangible Assets** |
| **Cost** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **At June 30, 2022** | **2552** | **1363** | **4108** | **12622** | **3805** | **175** | **24625** |
| Foreign exchange | 4 | (25) | (157) |  | 302 | (1) | 123 |
| Additions |  |  |  | 103 | 3725 | 29 | 3857 |
| Disposals | - | - | - | - | - | (47) | (47) |
| **At June 30, 2023** | **2556** | **1338** | **3951** | **12725** | **7832** | **156** | **28558** |
| Foreign exchange | (9) | 1 | 25 |  | (112) |  | (95) |
| Additions | - | - | - | 13 | 3966 | - | 3979 |
| **At June 30, 2024** | **2547** | **1339** | **3976** | **12738** | **11686** | **156** | **32442** |
| Foreign exchange | 125 | 34 |  |  | 1078 |  | 1237 |
| Additions |  |  |  |  | 2249 |  | 2249 |
| **At June 30, 2025** | **2672** | **1373** | **3976** | **12738** | **15013** | **156** | **35928** |

---

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Amortization and Impairment** | **Customer Relationships** | **Trade Names** | **Favorable Supply Contracts** | **Solar Projects** | **Product Development** | **Other** | **Total** |
| **At June 30, 2022** | **1123** | **495** | **1527** | **-** | **16** | **156** | **3317** |
| Foreign exchange | (1) | (8) | (61) |  | 2 |  | (68) |
| Amortization | 385 | 137 | 266 |  | 43 |  | 831 |
| Disposals | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| **At June 30, 2023** | **1507** | **624** | **1732** | **-** | **61** | **156** | **4080** |
| Foreign exchange | (6) | (1) | 19 |  | (3) |  | 9 |
| Amortization | 390 | 138 | 261 |  | 34 |  | 823 |
| Impairment | 290 | 488 | 1964 | 11188 | - | - | 13930 |
| **At June 30, 2024** | **2181** | **1249** | **3976** | **11188** | **92** | **156** | **18842** |
| Foreign exchange | 112 | 30 |  |  | 128 |  | 270 |
| Amortization | 273 | 74 |  |  | 13 |  | 360 |
| Impairment | - | - | - | 1550 | - | - | 1550 |
| **At June 30, 2025** | **2566** | **1353** | **3976** | **12738** | **233** | **156** | **21022** |

---

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Net book value** | **Customer Relationships** | **Trade Names** | **Favorable Supply Contracts** | **Solar Projects** | **Product Development** | **Other** | **Total** |
| At June 30, 2023 | 1049 | 714 | 2219 | 12725 | 7771 | – | 24478 |
| At June 30, 2024 | 366 | 90 |  | 1550 | 11594 | – | 13600 |
| **At June 30, 2025** | 106 | 20 |  |  | 14780 | – | 14906 |

---

Customer relationships and trade names have an average remaining period of amortization of 3 years and 3 years respectively. Solar projects were fully impaired. Electric vehicle product development costs are incomplete and not generating revenue and therefore are not amortized in FY23-25.

Additions for the year ended June 30, 2025 comprise of $2.2 million electric vehicle product development costs in Tembo (June 30, 2024: $4.0 million; June 30, 2023: $3.7 million).

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**14. Investment in subsidiaries**

The principal operating undertakings in which the Group's interest at June 30, 2025 is 20% or more are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Subsidiary Undertakings** | **Percentage of<br> shares held** | **Registered address** |
| VivoPower International Services Limited | 100% | 28 Esplanade, St Helier, Jersey, JE2 3QA |
| VivoPower USA, LLC | 100% |  |
| VivoPower US-NC-31, LLC | 100% |  |
| VivoPower US-NC-47, LLC | 100% | 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, DE, |
| VivoPower (USA) Development, LLC | 100% | USA 19808 |
| Caret, LLC (formerly Innovative Solar Ventures I, LLC) | 100% |  |
| Caret Decimal, LLC | 100% |  |
| VIWR AU Pty Ltd (formerly VivoPower Pty Ltd) | 100% |  |
| Aevitas O Holdings Pty Ltd | 100% |  |
| Aevitas Group Limited | 100% |  |
| Aevitas Holdings Pty Ltd | 100% |  |
| Electrical Engineering Group Pty Limited | 100% |  |
| Kenshaw Solar Pty Ltd (formerly J.A. Martin Electrical Pty Limited) | 100% | Level 11, 110 Mary Street, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000 Australia |
| KESW EL Pty Ltd (formerly Kenshaw Electrical Pty Limited) | 100% |  |
| Tembo Technologies Pty Ltd (formerly Tembo EV Australia Pty Ltd) | 100% |  |
| Tembo EV Pty Ltd | 100% |  |
| TemboDrive Pty Ltd | 100% |  |
| VivoPower Philippines Inc. | 64% | Unit 10A, Net Lima Building, 5th Avenue cor. 26th Street, |
| VivoPower RE Solutions Inc. | 64% | E-Square Zone, Crescent Park West, Bonifacio Global City, |
| V.V.P. Holdings Inc.\* | 40% | Taguig, Metro Manila |
| Tembo e-LV B.V. | 100% |  |
| Tembo 4x4 e-LV B.V. | 100% | De Donge 5, 5684 PX Best, the Netherlands |
| FD 4x4 Centre B.V. | 100% |  |
| Tembo Group B.V (Formerly Tembo EUV Solutions B.V) | 100% |  |
| Tembo EUV Solutions FZCO | 100% | DSO-IFZA, IFZA Properties, Dubai Silicon Oasis, Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| Tembo EUV Investment Corporation Ltd | 100% | WB Corporate Services (Cayman) Ltd., of P.O. Box 2775, 71 Fort Street, 3rd Floor, Grand Cayman, KY1-1111, Cayman Islands |

---

\* V.V.P. Holdings Inc. is controlled by VivoPower Pty Ltd, notwithstanding only owning 40% of the ordinary share capital.

**15. Cash and cash equivalents**

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2023** | **2023** |
| Cash at bank and in hand |  | 60 |  | 199 |  | 553 |

---

The credit ratings of the counterparties with which cash was held are detailed in the table below.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| A+ | 45 | 11 | (8) |
| A |  |  |  |
| A- |  |  | 2 |
| AA- | 15 | 188 | 559 |
| **Total** | **60** | **199** | **553** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**16. Restricted cash** 

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2023** | **2023** |
| Bank guarantee security deposit |  | 191 |  | 292 |  | 608 |

---

At June 30, 2025, there is a total of $0.2 million (June 30, 2024, $0.3 million; June 30, 2023, $0.6 million) of cash which is subject to restriction as security for bank guarantees provided to customers in support of performance obligations under power services contracts.

**17. Trade and other receivables**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Current receivables** |  |  |  |
| Trade receivables |  |  | 1649 |
| Contract assets | 221 | 254 | 893 |
| Other current assets | 82 | 67 | 66 |
| Prepayments | 2205 | 79 | 277 |
| Other receivables | 70654 | 9644 | 4027 |
| Current tax receivable | - | - | 175 |
| **Total** | **73162** | **10044** | **7087** |

---

Other receivables at June 30, 2025 include receivables from investors amounting to $60.5 million pursuant to Regulation S subscription agreement, and receivables from investors amounting to $10 million, representing their subscription investment in Tembo, of which $8.7 million had not yet been paid.

Other receivables as of June 30, 2024, include receivables from investors amounting to $10 million, representing their subscription investment in Tembo, of which $8.7 million had not yet been paid. The corresponding shares related to this have not yet been issued and as such classified in "Shares to be issued" under Trade and other payables in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Other receivables also include a receivable from our transfer agent, Chardan Capital Markets for ATM issuance proceeds which were only credited to the Group's account on July 1, 2024.

In accordance with IFRS 15, contract assets are presented as a separate line item. The Company has not recognized any loss allowance for contract assets.

Analysis of trade receivables:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Trade receivables |  |  | 1649 |
| Less: credit note provision |  |  | - |
| **Total** |  |  | **1649** |

---

The maximum exposure to credit risk for trade receivables by geographic region was:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| **(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Australia |  |  | 1451 |
| Netherlands |  |  | 198 |
| **Total** |  |  | **1649** |

---

The aging of the trade receivables, net of is:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| 0-90 days |  |  | 1410 |
| Greater than 90 days |  |  | 239 |
| **Total** |  |  | **1649** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**18. Inventory**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Raw materials | 1151 | 1646 | 2115 |
| **Total** | **1151** | **1646** | **2115** |

---

**19. Assets classified as held for sale**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** |<br>**% Owned** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| KESW EL Pty Ltd (formerly Kenshaw Electrical Pty Ltd) |  |  | 5479 |  |
| **Total** |  |  | **5479** |  |

---

The ex-power and critical supply operations of Kenshaw Electrical Pty Ltd were sold on July 2, 2024. As disclosed in note 20, the assets and liabilities of the disposed operation met the definition of discontinued operation under IFRS 5 at June 30, 2024. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of the discontinued operation were reclassified to assets and liabilities held for sale as at June 30, 2024. As detailed in note 20, assets held for sale of $5.5 million as at June 30, 2024 comprised goodwill of $0.2 million, inventories of $0.7 million, property, plant and equipment of $2.1 million and trade and other receivables of $2.4 million.

**20. Discontinued operations**

On July 2, 2024, Kenshaw Electrical Pty Ltd was sold for a consideration of $0.8 million (AU$1.2 million).

Financial information relating to the discontinued operation for the period to the date of disposal is set out below:

**Financial performance and cash flow information**

The financial performance and cash flow information presented are for the years ended June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Schedule of financial performance and cash flow information

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Revenues |  | 11909 | 11005 |
| Cost of sales |  | (10268) | (9178) |
| Expenses | 1648 | (2522) | (6136) |
| Loss before income tax | 1648 | (881) | (4309) |
| Income tax expense | - | - | 19 |
| **Gain/(loss) from discontinued operations** | 1648 | (881) | (4290 |
| Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities | 1648 | (881) | (4290) |
| Net cash inflow/(outflow) from investing activities |  |  |  |
| Net cash inflow/(outflow) from financing activities |  | - | - |
| **Net increase in cash generated by subsidiary** | **1648** | **(881)** | **(4290)** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**Assets and liabilities of disposal group as held for sale**

The following assets and liabilities were reclassified as held for sale in relation to the discontinued operations as at June 30, 2025, 2024 and 2023;:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Assets classified as held for sale | - |  |  |
| Trade and other receivables |  | 2366 |  |
| Inventories |  | 657 |  |
| Property, plant and equipment |  | 2040 |  |
| Goodwill |  | 210 |  |
| Intangible assets |  |  |  |
| Deferred tax assets |  | 206 |  |
| **Total assets of disposal group classified as held for sale** |  | **5479** |  |
| Liabilities directly associated with assets classified as held for sale |  |  |  |
| Trade and other payables |  | 2722 |  |
| Current debt |  | 1267 |  |
| Non-current debt |  | 77 |  |
| Lease liabilities - current |  | 263 |  |
| Lease liabilities - non-current |  | 1186 |  |
| **Total liabilities of disposal group classified as held for sale** |  | **5515** |  |
| **Net assets/(liabilities) identified as held for sale** |  | **(36)** |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Estimated gain on sale - Kenshaw Electrical Pty Ltd** | **USD** | **AUD** |
| Consideration received or receivable |  |  |
| Cash |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase price | 2613 | 4000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Working capital adjustment | (1822) | (2789) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash | 791 | 1211 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fair value of contingent consideration |  |  |
| Less costs to sell | - | - |
| Total disposal consideration | 791 | 1211 |
| Estimated carrying amount of net assets/(liabilities) sold | (36) | (54) |
| **Estimated gain on sale as at June 30, 2024** | **827** | **1265** |

---

Disposal consideration for the sale of Kenshaw Electrical Pty Ltd on July 2, 2024 comprised of cash purchase price, including completion working capital adjustments of $2.7 million (AU$4.0 million). Net book value of net liabilities sold was $0.03 million (AU$0.1 million), resulting in a gain on disposal of $0.8 million (AU$1.3 million).

Disposal consideration for the sale of Kenshaw Solar Pty Ltd on July 1, 2022, comprised cash purchase price, including completion working capital adjustments of $2.9 million (AU$4.3 million). Initial estimate of fair value of deferred contingent consideration of $4.5 million, as recorded in July 2022, payable 12 months after completion, applied a contracted 4.5x multiple to year 1 forecast EBITDA of AU$2.7 million, discounted at 10% to net present value, less purchase price paid. The final deferred consideration of $0.6 million (AU$0.9 million) was received in August 2023. Costs to sell comprise advisory fees of $0.4 million (AU$0.5 million). Net book value of net assets sold was $7.0 million (AU$10.1 million), resulting in a loss on disposal of $3.9 million (AU$5.4 million).

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Reconciliation of adjusted loss on sale - Kenshaw Electrical** | **USD 000** | **AUD 000** |
| Gain on sale - as estimated at June 30, 2024 | 827 | 1265 |
| Cash consideration adjustment |  |  |
| Fair value of contingent consideration adjustment |  |  |
| Cost to sell adjustment | 821 | 1369 |
| Carrying amount of net assets sold adjustment | - | - |
| **Loss on sale reported in year ended June 30, 2024** | **1648** | **2634** |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Reconciliation of adjusted loss on sale – Kenshaw Solar Pty Ltd** | **USD 000** | **AUD 000** |
| Gain on sale - as estimated at June 30, 2022 | 34 | 50 |
| Cash consideration adjustment | 378 | 529 |
| Fair value of contingent consideration adjustment | (3965) | (5548) |
| Cost to sell adjustment | (18) | (25) |
| Carrying amount of net assets sold adjustment | (283) | (397) |
| **Loss on sale reported in year ended June 30, 2023** | **(3854)** | **(5391)** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**21. Trade and other payables**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** | **Year Ended June 30** |
| **(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Current trade and other payables** |  |  |  |
| Trade payables | 10116 | 10973 | 7725 |
| Shares to be issued | 10000 | 10000 | 2500 |
| Accruals | 15675 | 13188 | 1321 |
| Related party payable |  |  |  |
| Payroll liabilities | 3369 | 3574 | 2077 |
| Sales tax payable |  |  | 116 |
| Deferred income | 11 | 10 | 318 |
| Other creditors | 635 | 184 | 540 |
| **Total current trade and other payables** | **39806** | **37929** | **14597** |
| **Non-current other payables** |  |  |  |
| Non-current accrued interest | 2150 |  | 6129 |
| Non-current accrued loan and other fees | 75 | - | 314 |
| **Total non-current other payables** | **2225** | **-** | **6443** |

---

In accordance with IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers, deferred income is presented as a separate line item. Deferred income relates to the Company's obligation to transfer goods or services to customers for which the Company has received consideration (or the amount is due) from customers. Deferred income is recorded as revenue when the Company fulfills its performance obligations under the contract.

Non-current accrued interest relates to interest on AWN related party loans. As of June 30, 2025, a portion of the interest are classified under noncurrent assets as they are due beyond 1 year. All falling due within the next year are then classified as current in "Accruals" line item under Current trade and other payables.

**22. Provisions**

Schedule of provisions

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Current provisions** |  |  |  |
| Employee entitlements | 43 | 11 | 502 |
| Fiscal | 2193 | 2038 | 1174 |
| Litigation | 811 | 181 |  |
| Warranty |  |  | 102 |
| **Total current provisions** | **3047** | **2230** | **1778** |
| **Non-current provisions** |  |  |  |
| Employee entitlements | 17 | 13 | 76 |
| Litigation | - | 44 | - |
| **Total non-current provisions** | **17** | **57** | **76** |
| **Total provisions** | **3064** | **2287** | **1855** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

In the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company has setup a provision relating to the ongoing dispute with a prior client, Accès Industriel in Canada for the settlement of $596,000 which they initially paid as part of the sales contracts for Tembo EUV conversions. Additionally, during the year, provisions were also made on disputes with Salesforce, Workato and ComplianceQuest amounting to $115,000, $40,000 and $60,000, respectively. On the other hand, a litigation provision of $0.2 million was made in the accounts in FY24 as settlement of the lawsuit with the Estate of the Late W.Q. Richards over Caret leases TX144 and TX145. This suit was subsequently settled and utilized in FY25.

In the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company also incurred non-recurring costs of $0.2 million (June 30, 2024: $0.9 million; June 30, 2023: $1.2 million) relating to the provision for VAT liability that is assessed by HMRC.

In our FY23 accounts, a provision of $1 million was made for the potential failure to convince HMRC that the VAT claims made by VivoPower International PLC (PLC) were correct and should be refunded to the company. During FY24, HMRC cancelled the VAT Registration for PLC on the basis that the claim had no merit. Post year-end, PLC has lodged a formal appeal with HMRC and is currently considering further options, which may include seeking a Tribunal hearing if necessary.

Also, in FY24 HMRC cancelled the VAT registration of VivoPower International Services Ltd (VISL) due to outstanding payments. Post year end VISL has lodged a formal appeal with HMRC. Should this appeal fail we then plan to insist on a Tribunal hearing.

Additionally, post-year end both PLC and VISL have engaged a UK based legal firm specializing in solving VAT issues with HMRC.

Warranty provisions in Australia relate to the servicing of generators and is based on a percentage of revenue generated. For FY24, this provision is no longer required as the acquirer of Kenshaw has taken responsibility for this.

Employee entitlements during the year include provisions for annual leave.

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(US dollars in thousands)** | **Employee Entitlements** | **Remediation** | **Fiscal** | **Litigation** | **Warranty** | **Total** |
| **At June 30, 2023** | **578** |  | **1174** | **-** | **102** | **1854** |
| Foreign exchange | 4 |  |  |  | 1 | 5 |
| Additional provisions | 63 |  | 864 | 225 |  | 1152 |
| Disposals and transfers to assets held for sale | (621) |  | - | - | (103) | (724) |
| **At June 30, 2024** | **24** |  | **2038** | **225** | **-** | **2287** |
| Foreign exchange | (1) |  |  |  |  | **(1)** |
| Additional provisions | 37 |  | 155 | 811 |  | **1003** |
| Provisions utilized | - |  | - | (225) | - | **(225)** |
| **At June 30, 2025** | **60** |  | **2193** | **811**  | **-** | **3064** |

---

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**23. Loans and borrowings**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Current liabilities** |  |  |  |
| Debtor invoice financing | 67 | 67 | 1329 |
| Lease liabilities | 55 |  | 462 |
| Shareholder loans | 12127 | 8104 | 497 |
| Chattel mortgage |  |  | 89 |
| Bank loan | - | - | 7 |
| **Total** | **12249** | **8171** | **2384** |
| **Non-current liabilities** |  |  |  |
| Lease liabilities | 140 |  | 1843 |
| Shareholder loan | 16800 | 20915 | 28111 |
| Chattel mortgage | - | - | 50 |
| **Total** | **16940** | **20915** | **30004** |
| **Total** | **29189** | **29086** | **32388** |

---

*Debtor invoice financing*

In FY23, a new facility with a limit of AU$2.5 million was established by Kenshaw. As of June 30, 2024, this facility amounting to AU$1.8 million is reclassified to "Assets held for sale" as a result of Kenshaw Electrical Pty Ltd sale.

*Shareholder loans*

On June 30, 2021, the Company agreed a refinancing of its existing $21.1 million shareholder loan with AWN, with repayment of principal from January 1, 2023 in sixty monthly instalments of $0.35 million to loan maturity on December 31, 2027. The interest rate and line fee was agreed at 8% and 0.8% respectively, but no interest or line fee settlements were required until after a corporate liquidity event had occurred. In addition, the Company agreed to a refinancing fee of $0.34 million in two tranches on June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022. Security granted to AWN comprised of the Specific Security Deed and the General Security.

On June 30, 2022 further amendments to the loan were agreed with AWN:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to defer repayment of principal to commence on October 1, 2023, with repayments over 60 months to September 30, 2028,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) to defer interest payments from October 1, 2021, becoming due and payable on the earlier of a) completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million, and b) October 1, 2023.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) to increase the interest rate and line fee to 10.00% and 2.00% per annum respectively during the period from October 1, 2021 to the earlier of a) September 30, 2023 or b) the date a minimum prepayment of $1,000,000 is made.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) the initial refinancing fee of $0.34 million is to be amended to accrue incrementally at 1.6% per annum from July 1, 2021 and become payable at the earlier of a) $1.0 million prepayment being made or b) October 1, 2023.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) a new fixed facility extension fee of $0.355 million is payable in return for this amendment, to accrue immediately but becoming payable on October 1, 2023.

On January 11, 2023, further amendments to the loan were agreed with AWN:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to defer repayment of principal to commence on April 1, 2025, with repayments over 60 months to March 31, 2030.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) to defer interest payments from October 1, 2023, becoming due and payable on the earlier of; a) completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million, and b) October 1, 2024.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) to extend the increased interest rate and line fee of 10.00% and 2.00% per annum respectively commenced on October 1, 2021 to the earlier of a) March 31, 2025 or b) the date a minimum Prepayment of $1,000,000 is made.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) to extend the initial refinancing fee accruing incrementally at 1.6% per annum from July 1, 2021 and become payable at the earlier of a) $1.0 million prepayment being made or b) April 1, 2025.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) to defer the repayment date of the previous fixed facility extension fee of $0.355 million, becoming payable on April 1, 2025.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vi) In addition to previously agreed refinancing fees, an additional $0.855 million fixed refinancing fee will accrue immediately and become payable on April 1, 2025.

On June 30, 2023, further amendments to the loan were agreed with AWN:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to defer interest payments from October 1, 2024 to April 1, 2025, and to replace the conditional requirement to repay accrued interest upon completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million, with the conditional requirement to make repayments of interest and/or principal to meet the mandatory repayment schedule described in sections (ii) and (iii) below following a qualifying liquidity event.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) upon completion by VivoPower International PLC of a qualifying liquidity event of at least $5.0 million, Aevitas is required to make mandatory prepayment of principal and interest to AWN in accordance with the following schedule:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) proceeds from $5 million to $7.5 million - pay 25% of amounts raised;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) proceeds from $7.5 million to $12.5 million - pay $1.875 million plus 45% of amounts raised;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) proceeds $12.5 million and above - pay $4.125 million plus 50% of amounts raised.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) for the purposes of the mandatory prepayment requirement, a 'qualifying liquidity event' excludes direct investments into VivoPower's subsidiary, Tembo, and debt raised in respect of working capital finance facilities, but includes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) equity or debt raise;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) trade sale of underlying subsidiary or business unit (including, for example, Aevitas and Caret); and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) loan repayment from Tembo to VivoPower..

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) as consideration for the concessions agreed with AWN, VivoPower International PLC committed to issue AWN with 500,000 warrants, with a duration of 12 months, at an exercise price of $0.67 per share.

On June 30, 2024, VivoPower amended its shareholder loan financing agreement with AWN. The loan includes a facility limit of $34 million, of which a drawdown of $8.1 million principal is due to be repaid in the current period, and $20.9 million principal is non-current. The agreement consolidated all shareholder loans into a single tranche. AWN also received an option to acquire 1,150,000 Tembo shares, post-business combination with Cactus Acquisition Corp 1 Limited at $1.35 per share.

We also conducted an assessment in accordance with IFRS 9 to evaluate the novation of the loan. We concluded that there was no substantial modification in the net present value of the loan.

*Short-term loans*

In December 2021, a short term loan of $1.1 million (AU$1.5 million) was provided from AWN to Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited at an interest rate of 10.0%, increasing to 12.5% from January 1, 2022. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as April 30, 2022, then extended on June 30, 2022, to October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower International PLC of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million was dropped on June 30, 2023. Facility extension fees of $29,000 (AU$40,000) and $43,500 (AU$60,000) are payable upon maturity, relating to the two extensions respectively.

On February 22, 2022, a short term $3.0 million loan was provided from AWN to Aevitas, with interest rate of 10.00% per annum payable on the principal sum upon maturity. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as May 13, 2022, then extended on June 30, 2022, to October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million was dropped on June 30, 2023. Facility extension fees of $85,000 and $110,000 are payable upon maturity, relating to the two extensions respectively.

On December 22, 2022, a short term $3.0 million loan was provided from AWN to Aevitas, with interest rate of BBSY bid floating rate (on average 3.60% for the period from inception to June 30, 2023) plus fixed margin of 15.0% per annum payable on the principal sum upon maturity. A 1% establishment fee of $30,000 was deducted upon initial loan drawdown, and a further 3% exit fee of $90,000 is payable on expiry. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million was agreed on January 11, 2023, then dropped on June 30, 2023. A facility extension fee of $115,000 is payable upon maturity.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

In February and March 2023, further short-term loans of AU$0.5 million and AU$0.25 million were established between AWN and VivoPower, drawn down between February and May 2023. On June 30, 2023, the expiry of the loans was amended to August 31, 2023.

On June 30, 2024, VivoPower amended its shareholder loan financing agreement with AWN. The loan includes a facility limit of $34 million, of which a drawdown of $8.1 million principal is due to be repaid in the current period, and $20.9 million principal is non-current. The agreement consolidated all shareholder loans into a single tranche. AWN also received an option to acquire 1,150,000 Tembo shares, post-business combination with Cactus Acquisition Corp 1 Limited at $1.35 per share.

*Lease liabilities*

Lease liabilities have increased during the year by $0.2 million due to a new office lease of Tembo. Depreciation expense on right-of-use assets and interest expense on associated lease liabilities for the year ended June 30, 2025 amounting to $0.04 million and $3.4 thousand respectively, are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Total lease payments for the year ended June 30, 2025 amounted to $0.04 million (June 30, 2024: $0.2 million; June 30, 2023: $0.04 million).

The obligations under lease liabilities are as follows:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Minimum Lease Payments** | **Minimum Lease Payments** | **Minimum Lease Payments** | **Present Value of Minimum Lease Payments** | **Present Value of Minimum Lease Payments** | **Present Value of Minimum Lease Payments** |
| | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| *Amounts payable under lease liabilities:* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Less than one year | 57 |  | 576 | 55 |  | 462 |
| Later than one year but not more than five | 146 |  | 2223 | 140 |  | 1843 |
|  | 202 |  | 2799 | 195 |  | 2305 |
| Future finance charges | (8) |  | (494) | *-* |  | *-* |
| **Total lease obligations** | 195 |  | **2305** | **195** |  | **2305** |

---

**24. Called up share capital**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| ***Allotted, called up and fully paid*** |  |  |  |
| Ordinary shares of $0.12 each | $2703797 | $533298 | $307815 |
| Number allotted | 12527212 | 4439733 | 25651140 |
| Ordinary shares of $0.12 each | $2703797 | $533298 | $307815 |

---

At the Company's last Annual General Meeting on December 28, 2023, the Directors were given new authority to allot shares up to an aggregate nominal amount of $3,600,000.

**Movements in Ordinary Shares:**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Shares No.** | **Par value USD 000** | **Share premium <br> USD 000** | **Total USD 000** |
| **At June 30, 2023** | **25651140** | **308** | **105018** | **105326** |
| Capital raises <sup>1</sup> | 1715191 | 206 | 2862 | 3068 |
| Employee share scheme issues | 282836 | 19 | 340 | 359 |
| Reverse stock split<sup>2</sup> | (23209434) |  |  |  |
| **At June 30, 2024** | **4439733** | **533** | **108220** | **108753** |
| Capital raises <sup>1</sup> | 5206395 | 1825 | 68463 | 70288 |
| Other share issuances<sup>3</sup> | 2881084 | 346 | 4572 | 4918 |
| Equity instruments - warrants<sup>4</sup> |  |  | 413 | 413 |
| **At June 30, 2025** | **12527212** | **2704** | **181668** | **184372** |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | During the year ended June 30, 2025, the company issued 1,046,395 million shares to capital market investors through At the Market issuances and registered direct offerings, raising $3.5 million in gross proceeds. In the same fiscal year, the company also issued 3,200,000 shares and 160,000 in September 2024 and June 2025, raising gross proceeds amounting to $3.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively pursuant to an F1 registration statement. Additionally, for the Regulation S equity raise, the company entered into private placement agreements with Abri Advisors Ltd for 530,000 shares with $0.9 million in gross proceeds: Timothy Wong for 270,000 shares with $0.5 million in gross proceeds.<br>During the year ended June 30, 2024, the company issued 1,715,191 million shares to capital market investors through At the Market issuances and registered direct offerings, raising $3.1 million in gross proceeds.<br>On July 29, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement to issue and sell, in a registered direct offering directly to an investor, (i) an aggregate of 2,300,000 Ordinary Shares (the "Shares"), nominal value $0.012 per share, at an offering price of $1.30 per share and (ii) an aggregate of 1,930,770 pre-funded warrants exercisable for Ordinary Shares at an offering price of $1.2999 per pre-funded warrant, for gross proceeds of approximately $5.5 million before deducting the placement agent fee and related offering expenses. The pre-funded warrants were sold to the Investor whose purchase of Ordinary Shares in the Registered Offering would otherwise result in the Investor, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the Company's outstanding Ordinary Shares immediately following the consummation of the Registered Offering, in lieu of Ordinary Shares. Each pre-funded warrant represents the right to purchase one Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. The pre-funded warrants were exercised on November 22, 2022.<br>In a concurrent private placement, the Company agreed to issue to the investor, Series A Warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 4,230,770 Ordinary Shares, at an exercise price of $1.30 per share. Each Series A Warrant will be exercisable on February 2, 2023 and will expire on February 2, 2028. The Series A Warrants and the Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Series A Warrants were offered pursuant to the exemption provided in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Rule 506(b) promulgated thereunder.<br>Each share has the same right to receive dividends and repayment of capital and represent one vote at shareholders' meetings. Proceeds received in addition to the nominal value of the shares issued during the year have been included in share premium. The costs associated with the issuance of new shares are included within other reserves (see Note 27). Share premium has also been recorded in respect of the share capital related to employee share awards.<br>|
| 2 | On October 4, 2023, the Company announced a one-for-ten (1-10) reverse stock split and par value change of its Ordinary Shares which began trading on a post-split basis on October 6, 2023. The reverse stock split has been applied retrospectively to the prior years' share figures for the purpose of calculating EPS.<br>|
| 3 | During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company made several share issuances to settle liabilities to (a) Arowana International UK Ltd for 166,084 shares; and in payment for consulting and advisory services (b) Alain Salem for 400,000 shares as payment for consulting fees; (c) Mustafa Ahmed for 1,050,000 shares for payment of crypto-currency digital services; (d) 21M Advisors for 500,000 shares; (e) Spencer Chen for 125,000 shares; (f) Suneet Wadha for 30,000 shares. |

---

4 During the current financial year, the Company issued the following warrants:

● Navinder Singh:

 The Company issued 44,000 cashless warrants to Navinder Singh at an issue price of $1.50 per share. These warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model with a volatility assumption of 151 % and a risk-free interest rate of 4.05 %, resulting in a total fair value of $0.1 million.

● Suneet Wadha:

 The Company issued 250,000 warrants to Suneet Wadha at an issue price of $6.05 per share, of which one-third had vested as of June 30, 2025. The warrants were valued using the Black-Scholes model, incorporating a volatility of 198 % and a risk-free rate of 4.05 %, resulting in a fair value of vested warrants as at June 30, 2025 of $0.4 million.

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**25. Other reserves**

Schedule of changes in other reserves

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(US dollars in thousands)** | **Preference shares 1** | **Shares pending issue** | **Capital raising costs 2** | **Equity incentive costs 3** | **Share awards issuance 3** | **Foreign exchange** | **Total** |
| **At June 30, 2022** | **3270** |  | **(8950)** | **2874** | **(2850)** | **(328)** | **(5984)** |
| Interest on equity instruments | 198 |  |  |  |  |  | 198 |
| Equity instruments payments | (149) |  |  |  |  |  | (149) |
| Capital raising costs |  |  | (446) |  |  |  | (446) |
| Equity incentives cost less shares issued |  |  |  | 147 | (154) |  | (7) |
| Other movements |  |  | - | - | - | (104) | (104) |
| **At June 30, 2023** | **3319** |  | **(9396)** | **3021** | **(3004)** | **(432)** | **(6492)** |
| Interest on equity instruments | 150 |  |  |  |  |  | 150 |
| Capital raising costs |  |  | (207) |  |  |  | (207) |
| Equity incentives cost less shares issued |  |  |  | 333 | (92) |  | 241 |
| Other movements | - |  | - | - | - | 7 | 7 |
| **At June 30, 2024** | **3469** |  | **(9603)** | **3354** | **(3096)** | **(425)** | **(6301)** |
| Interest on equity instruments | 302 |  |  |  |  |  | 302 |
| Capital raising costs |  |  | (777) |  |  |  | (777) |
| Equity incentives cost less shares issued |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |
| Other movements |  |  |  | 315 |  | (66) | (249) |
| **At June 30, 2025** | **3771** |  | **(10380)** | **3677** | **(3096)** | **(491)** | **(6519)** |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | During the year, the Company accrued $0.3 million dividends on Aevitas preference shares (June 30, 2024: $0.2 million; June 30, 2023: $0.2 million). |

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[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 2 | The $0.8 million transaction costs incurred in the year ended June 30, 2025 (year ended June 30, 2024: $0.2 million; year ended June 30, 2023: $0.4 million) relate primarily to capital raises on Nasdaq and private placements with various investors. |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 3 | During the year ended June 30, 2025, $0.3 million was expensed towards share incentive awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company under the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (year ended June 30, 2024: $0.3 million; year ended June 30, 2023: $0.1 million). Amounts are expensed at the award grant price over the vesting period, adjusted for actual quantities upon vesting. Of the expenses recorded, none of the shares were delivered to participants (year ended June 30, 2024: $0.3 million; year ended June 30, 2023: $0.1 million). During the years ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the following awards under the Incentive Plan have been granted, and have vested or been forfeit: |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Number of RSUs,<br> PSUs and BSAs<br> (thousands)** | **Weighted <br> average grant<br> date fair<br> value $000** |
| **Outstanding at June 30, 2023** | **657** | $**331** |
| Granted | 128 | 234 |
| Vested/Settled | (150) | (248) |
| Reverse stock split impact | (591) | (298) |
| Forfeit | (11) | (3) |
| **Outstanding at June 30, 2024** | **33** | **16** |
| Granted | 151 | 613 |
| Vested | (95) | (323) |
| Forfeit | - | - |
| **Outstanding at June 30, 2025** | **89** | $**306** |

---

In October 2023, the company implemented a 10-to-1 reverse stock split, which impacted the outstanding number of RSUs, PSUs, and BSAs. The reverse stock split proportionally reduced the number of outstanding awards, including their weighted average grant date fair value. As a result, employees holding these grants experienced a corresponding adjustment in the value of their awards to align with the revised share structure. This adjustment ensures that the economic value and equity proportion represented by the awards remains consistent post-split.

**26. Loss per share**

The loss and weighted average numbers of Ordinary Shares used in the calculation of loss per share are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Loss for the year / period attributable to equity owners | (12792) | (46700) | (24355) |
| Weighted average number of shares in issue ('000s) | 6655 | 3079 | 2467 |
| Basic loss per share (dollars) | (1.92) | (15.17) | (9.87) |
| Diluted loss per share (dollars) | (1.92) | (15.17) | (9.87) |

---

On October 4, 2023, the Company announced a one-for-ten (1-10) reverse stock split and par value change of its Ordinary Shares which began trading on a post-split basis on October 6, 2023. The reverse stock split has been applied retrospectively to the prior years' share figures for the purpose of calculating EPS.

**27. Pensions**

The Company's principal pension plan comprises the compulsory superannuation scheme in Australia, where the Company contributed 11.5% during the year, and for FY26, the Company is required to contribute 12.0%. A pension scheme is also in place for U.K. employees, where the Company contributes 7% (year ended June 30, 2024: 7%; year ended June 30, 2023: 7%). A pension scheme is also in place for Netherlands employees where the Company is required to contribute 10.3%. The pension charge for the year represents contributions payable by the Group which amounted to $0.04 million (year ended June 30, 2024: $0.1 million; year ended June 30, 2023: $0.4 million).

Schedule of pensions

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| VivoPower International Services |  | 11 | 20 |
| KESW EL Pty Ltd |  | 95 | 294 |
| Tembo EV Pty Ltd | 20 |  |  |
| Tembo Technologies Pty Ltd | 14 |  |  |
| Kenshaw Solar Pty Ltd |  | 1 | 33 |
| VIWR AU Pty Ltd | 1 | 19 | 22 |
| **Total Pension recognized in P&L** | **35** | **126** | **369** |

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[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

**28. Financial instruments**

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** | **As at June 30** |
| <br>**(US dollars in thousands)** | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Financial assets at amortized cost** |  |  |  |
| Trade and other receivables | 70154 | 9644 | 5676 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 60 | 199 | 553 |
| Restricted cash | 191 | 292 | 608 |
| **Total** | **70405** | **10135** | **6837** |
| **Financial liabilities at amortized cost** |  |  |  |
| Loans and borrowings | 29189 | 29086 | 32388 |
| Trade and other payables | 28651 | 24345 | 9586 |
| **Total** | **57840** | **53431** | **41974** |

---

The amounts disclosed in the above table for trade and other receivables and trade and other payables do not agree to the amount reported in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as they exclude prepaid expenses, payroll liabilities and sales tax payable, current tax receivables and contract assets and liabilities which do not meet the definition of financial assets or liabilities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(a) Financial risk management**

The Group's principal financial instruments are bank balances, cash and medium-term loans. The main purpose of these financial instruments is to manage the Group's funding and liquidity requirements. The Group also has other financial instruments such as trade receivables and trade payables which arise directly from its operations.

The Group is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks:

● Liquidity risk

● Credit risk

● Foreign currency risk

● Interest rate risk

The Board has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Group's risk management framework. Policy for managing risks is set by the Chief Executive Officer and is implemented by the Group's finance department. All risks are managed centrally with tight control of all financial matters.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(b) Liquidity risk**

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Group considers that liquidity risk is effectively managed and mitigated. The Group held unrestricted cash resources of $0.1 million at June 30, 2025 (June 30, 2024: $0.2 million; June 30, 2023: $0.6 million). The ratio of current assets to current liabilities at June 30, 2025 is 1.35 (June 30, 2024: 0.33; June 30, 2023: 0.54).

The Group maintains near-term cash flow forecasts that enable it to identify its borrowing requirements so that remedial action can be taken if necessary.

As part of the going concern assessment (explained earlier), we also reviewed the net current assets position as of 30 June 2025, which amounted to $19.3 million. Additionally, our analysis indicates that the budgeted combined average monthly cash burn (not accounting for sales, deposits and other cash inflows) for VivoPower and Tembo over the next 12 months is approximately $413 thousand per month, or equivalent to approximately $5.0 million per annum.

With the upcoming cash requirements, the Company recently also embarked on a 'Sum of the Parts' exercise to identify undervalued assets and determine ways to monetize them separately. These efforts include, but are not limited to:

○ Spinning Tembo off independently via a SPAC, which has been valued at $838 million USD;

○ Energi Holding's acquisition of a 51 % stake in Tembo via a strategic PIPE investment, valuing the business at US $200 million enterprise value;

○ Bringing forward the spin-off of the Caret portfolio;

○ Further approaches to the market for the sale of VivoPower shares.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

○ Working with potential investors, currently under NDA's, to invest in both Tembo and VivoPower directly to take advantage of our current stock price.

Contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including interest payments, are as follows:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Year Ended June 30, 2025**<br>**(US dollars in thousands)** |<br>**Total** | **Less than**<br>**1 year** |<br>**1-3 years** |<br>**3-5 years** | **More than**<br>**5 years** |
| **Contractual maturity of financial liabilities** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Trade and other payables (financial liabilities) | 28651 | 28651 |  |  |  |
| Borrowings | 28994 | 12194 | 16800 |  |  |
| Lease liabilities | 195 | 55 | 90 | 50 |  |
| **Total** | **57840** | **40900** | **16890** | **50** |  |

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Year Ended June 30, 2024**<br>**(US dollars in thousands)** |<br>**Total** | **Less than**<br>**1 year** |<br>**1-3 years** |<br>**3-5 years** | **More than**<br>**5 years** |
| **Contractual maturity of financial liabilities** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Trade and other payables (financial liabilities) | 24345 | 24345 |  |  |  |
| Borrowings | 29086 | 8171 | 853 | 20062 |  |
| Lease liabilities | - | - | - | - |  |
| **Total** | **53431** | **32516** | **853** | **20062** |  |

---

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Year Ended June 30, 2023**<br>**(US dollars in thousands)** |<br>**Total** | **Less than**<br>**1 year** |<br>**1-3 years** |<br>**3-5 years** | **More than**<br>**5 years** |
| **Contractual maturity of financial liabilities** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Trade and other payables (financial liabilities) | 9586 | 9586 |  |  |  |
| Borrowings | 30083 | 1922 | 12323 | 8447 | 7391 |
| Lease liabilities | 2305 | 462 | 1375 | 415 | 53 |
| **Total** | **41974** | **11970** | **13698** | **8862** | **7444** |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(c) Credit risk**

The primary risk arises from the Group's receivables from customers and contract assets. The majority of the Group's customers are long-standing and have been a customer of the Group for many years. Losses have occurred infrequently. The Group is mainly exposed to credit risks from credit sales, but the Group has no significant concentrations of credit risk and keeps the credit status of customers under review. Credit risks of customers of new customers are reviewed before entering into contracts. The debtor exposure is monitored by Group finance, and the local entities review and report their exposure on a monthly basis.

The Group does not consider the exposure to the above risks to be significant and has therefore not presented a sensitivity analysis on the identified risks.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(d) Foreign currency risk**

The Group operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk on sales and purchases that are denominated in currencies other than the respective functional currencies of the Group entities to which they relate, primarily between USD, AUD, EUR and GBP.

The Group's investments in overseas subsidiaries are not hedged as those currency positions are either USD denominated and/or considered to be long-term in nature.

The Group is exposed to foreign exchange risk on the following balances at June 30, 2025:

● Cash and cash equivalents $0.01 million denominated in AUD.

● Restricted cash $0.2 million denominated in AUD.

● Trade and other receivables $4.3 million denominated in GBP, $0.4 million in AUD and $1.2 million in EUR.

● Trade and other payables $4.5 million denominated in GBP, $4.1 million in AUD and $2.3 million in EUR.

Of the total shareholder loan of $28.9 million, $27.0 million is denominated in USD and $1.9 million is denominated in AUD.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(e) Interest rate risk**

As a result of the related party loan agreement the Group is exposed to interest rate volatility. However, the interest rate is fixed for the medium term, therefore, the risk is largely mitigated for the near future. The Group will continue to monitor the movements in the wider global economy.

**29. Related party transactions**

Arowana Group Holdings Pty Ltd (AWN) is no longer the ultimate controlling party of VivoPower however it does retain significant influence. As at June 30, 2025, AWN holds a 7.1% equity interest in the Company. The Board of Directors of VivoPower operates at arms-length from that of AWN. To the extent there are matters between the two companies of a confidential or commercial nature Mr. Chin recuses himself from these matters. AWN does not participate in the day to day operations of VivoPower.

Kevin Chin, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of VivoPower, is also Chief Executive Officer of AWN. During the period, a number of services were provided to the Company from AWN and its subsidiaries; the extent of the transactions between the two groups is listed below. Mr. Chin recused himself from these activities to ensure there was no conflict of interest.

On January 11, 2023, amendments to the related party loan were agreed with AWN:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to defer repayment of principal to commence on April 1, 2025, with repayments over 60 months to March 31, 2030.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) to defer interest payments from October 1, 2023, becoming due and payable on the earlier of a) completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million, and b) October 1, 2024.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) to extend the increased interest rate and line fee of 10.00% and 2.00% per annum respectively commenced on October 1, 2021 to the earlier of a) March 31, 2025 or b) the date a minimum Prepayment of $1,000,000 is made.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) to extend the initial refinancing fee accruing incrementally at 1.6% per annum from July 1, 2021 and become payable at the earlier of a) $1.0 million prepayment being made or b) April 1, 2025.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) to defer the repayment date of the previous fixed facility extension fee of $0.355 million, becoming payable on April 1, 2025.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vi) In addition to previously agreed refinancing fees, an additional $0.855 million fixed refinancing fee will accrue immediately and become payable on April 1, 2025.

On June 30, 2023, further amendments to the loan were agreed with AWN:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to defer interest payments from October 1, 2024 to April 1, 2025, and to replace the conditional requirement to repay accrued interest upon completion by VivoPower of a debt or equity raise of at least $25 million, with the conditional requirement to make repayments of interest and/or principal to meet the mandatory repayment schedule described in sections (ii) and (iii) below following a qualifying liquidity event.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) upon completion by VivoPower International PLC of a qualifying liquidity event of at least $5.0 million, Aevitas is required to make mandatory prepayment of principal and interest to AWN Holdings in accordance with the following schedule:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) proceeds from $5 million to $7.5 million - pay 25% of amounts raised;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) proceeds from $7.5 million to $12.5 million - pay $1.875 million plus 45% of amounts raised;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) proceeds $12.5 million and above - pay $4.125 million plus 25% of amounts raised.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) for the purposes of the mandatory prepayment requirement, a 'qualifying liquidity event' excludes direct investments into VivoPower's subsidiary, Tembo, and debt raised in respect of working capital finance facilities, but includes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) equity or debt raise;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) trade sale of underlying subsidiary or business unit (including, for example, Aevitas and Caret); and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) loan repayment from Tembo to VivoPower.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) as consideration for the concessions agreed with AWN, VivoPower International PLC committed to issue AWN with 500,000 warrants, with a duration of 12 months, at an exercise price of $0.67 per share.

On June 30, 2024, VivoPower amended its shareholder loan financing agreement with AWN. The loan includes a facility limit of $34 million, of which a drawdown of $8.1 million principal is due to be repaid in the current period, and $20.9 million principal is non-current. In addition, there is $12 million in interest and fees on the AWN loan due to be repaid in the current period. The agreement consolidated all shareholder loans into a single tranche. AWN also received an option to acquire 1,150,000 Tembo shares, post-business combination with Cactus Acquisition Corp 1 Limited at $1.35 per share. Post balance date, AWN agreed to a 9 month grace period for the repayment of $11 million accrued interest, and a deferral of $8.9 million of principal for repayment from April 1, 2025 to January 1, 2026. This renders all but $1 million of interest non-current in nature, and all of the loan principal non-current.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

In December 2021, a short-term loan of $1.1 million (AU$1.5 million) was provided from AWN to Aevitas O Holdings Pty Limited at an interest rate of 10.0%, increasing to 12.5% from January 1, 2022. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as April 30, 2022, then extended to the earlier of October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower International PLC of a debt or equity raise of at least S$25 million was dropped on June 30, 2023. Facility extension fees of AU$29,000 (AU$40,000) and $43,500 (AU$60,000) are payable upon maturity, relating to the two extensions respectively.

On February 22, 2022, a short-term $3.0 million loan was provided from AWN to Aevitas, with an interest rate of 10.00% per annum payable on the principal sum upon maturity. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as May 13, 2022, then extended to the earlier of October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower International PLC of a debt or equity raise of at least S$25 million was dropped on June 30, 2023. Facility extension fees of $85,000 and $110,000 are payable upon maturity, relating to the two extensions respectively.

On December 22, 2022, a short-term $3.0 million loan was provided from AWN to Aevitas, with an interest rate of BBSY bid floating rate (on average 3.60% for the period from inception to June 30, 2023) plus fixed margin of 15.0% per annum payable on the principal sum upon maturity. A 1% establishment fee of $30,000 was deducted upon initial loan drawdown, and a further 3% exit fee of $90,000 is payable on expiry. The loan is set to expire on April 1, 2025 (initially set as October 1, 2023, then extended on January 11, 2023 to April 1, 2025). The requirement for the loan to expire upon completion by VivoPower International PLC of a debt or equity raise of at least S$25 million was agreed on January 11, 2023, then dropped on June 30, 2023. A facility extension fee of $115,000 is payable upon maturity.

In February and March 2023, further short-term loans of AU$0.5 million and AU$0.25 million were established between AWN and VivoPower, drawn down between February and May 2023. On June 30, 2023, the expiry or the loans was amended to August 31, 2023.

On June 30, 2024, VivoPower amended its shareholder loan financing agreement with AWN. The loan includes a facility limit of $34 million, of which a drawdown of $8.1 million principal is due to be repaid in the current period, and $20.9 million principal is non-current. In addition, there is $12 million in interest and fees on the AWN loan due to be repaid in the current period. The agreement consolidated all shareholder loans into a single tranche.

Mr. Hui is paid fees of $50,000 per annum during the year. Mr. Hui elected to receive 100% of his fees in cash. $50,000 remaining accrued and payable as at June 30, 2024. Mr. Hui also receives equity-based remuneration in relation to his involvement in management of Critical Power Services segment, and the hyper-turnaround and hyperscaling program. Of the 17,500 ($13,125) annual retention RSUs granted on April 1, 2020, vesting annually from June 2021 to June 2026, 350 RSUs ($263) vested in the current year. Of the 5,250 ($39,375) performance RSUs vesting quarterly from September 2020 to June 2023, dependent on meeting quarterly performance goals, 631 RSUs ($4,736) vested in 2023. A further 20,000 annual retention RSUs ($5,200) were granted to Mr. Hui on January 11, 2023, vesting annually from December 2023 to December 2025.

From time to time, costs incurred by AWN on behalf of VivoPower are recharged to the Company. During the year ended June 30, 2025, $0.2 million was recharged to the Company (year ended June 30, 2024: $0.6 million; year ended June 30, 2023: $1.1 million). At June 30, 2025, the Company has a payable to AWN in respect of recharges of $0.2 million (June 30, 2024: $0.9 million, June 30, 2023: $1.4 million).

Aevitas is indebted to The Panaga Group Trust, of which Mr. Kevin Chin is a beneficiary and one of the directors of the corporate trustee of such trust, with 4,697 Aevitas Preference Shares, of face value AU$46,970. The Panaga Group Trust earned AU$3,302 ($2,188) dividends on the Aevitas Preference Shares during the year ended June 30, 2023.

Chairman's fees for Kevin Chin in the amount of £68,000 ($87,953) were charged to the Company by Arowana Global Impact Ltd ("AGI") in the current year. A further $0.4 million (as of June 30, 2024: $0.4 million) incurred by AGI on behalf of the Company were recharged to the Company in the year. At June 30, 2025, the Company had an account payable of $0.9 million (as of June 30, 2024: $0.7 million) respect of these services. Mr. Chin is a shareholder and director of Arowana Partners Group Pty Ltd during the year ended June 30, 2025.

[**Table of Contents**](#a_001)

As CEO, Mr. Chin is paid £325,000 base fees, £38,000 annual professional development allowance. A further $0.5 million incurred by Arowana International UK Limited were recharged to the Company in the year. Of the base salary in FY23, 4 months were paid in cash, whilst for 8 months, Mr. Chin agreed to receive payment in the form of 541,666 cashless warrants in VivoPower shares, exercisable in the period June 3, 2024 to June 3, 2029 at an exercise price of $0.60. Shares issued following exercising of warrants will remain restricted for 12 months. Mr. Chin has allocated these warrants to a benevolent cause, the ASEAN Foundation. At June 30, 2025, the Company had an account payable of $1.3 million in respect of these services and recharges.

Mr. Chin receives equity-based remuneration in relation to his involvement in leading the hyper-turnaround and hyperscaling program. Of the 87,200 ($65,400) annual retention RSUs granted on April 1, 2020, vesting annually from June 2021 to June 2026, 17,440 RSUs ($13,080) was issued in May 2024. Of the 261,600 ($196,200) performance RSUs vesting quarterly from September 2020 to June 2023, dependent on meeting quarterly performance goals, 31,456 RSUs ($23,592) vested in the FY 2024. In December 2021, the Remuneration Committee approved an equity award of RSUs in relation to short-term incentives for the year ended June 30, 2022, vesting in June 2023 deferred from June 2022. The award vested 94,291 RSUs ($275,330), based on Mr. Chin's base salary £325,000 x 1.3237 exchange rate x 64% performance measurement / $2.92 VWAP (Volume weighted average price). A further 20,000 annual retention RSUs ($5,200) were granted to Mr. Chin on January 11, 2023, vesting annually from December 2023 to December 2025.

On November 26, 2021, Arowana Partners Group Pty Ltd ("APG") provided a loan of $0.37 million to Caret, to provide working capital assistance. The loan incurred interest during the year of $22,895 at 8% plus a 2% facility fee, plus a one-off establishment fee of $7,400. The loan plus interest were repaid in August 2022.

In August 2023, the Company received short-term funding from Arowana International UK Limited amounting to £25,000 for working capital purposes which was repaid in September 2023. In addition, the Company also received an interest only basis loan amounting $48,000 from Arowana United Enterprises Pte Ltd in October 6, 2023 stipulating a nominal rate of 8% per annum.

**30. Subsequent events**

Post the balance sheet date, VivoPower has announced several material developments:

On July 1, 2025, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq confirming that VivoPower is now in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), which requires maintaining at least $2.5 million in stockholders' equity. This determination follows the first phase of its private placement, from which approximately $60.5 million in gross proceeds were recognized, helping the Company meet the minimum equity requirement.

On July 7, 2025, VivoPower commenced a shareholder loan financing retirement plan, authorizing an initial repayment to AWN Holdings Limited in respect of the AWN shareholder loan. The unaudited balance of that loan was approximately $28.8 million as of June 30, 2025.

On July 22, 2025, VivoPower further strengthened its balance sheet by reducing liabilities by $7.5 million, via exchange of outstanding amounts owed to selected lenders and suppliers for ordinary shares, as well as directors electing to receive shares in lieu of certain fees. These shares are subject to lock-up and tax-related sale restrictions.

On July 24, 2025, VivoPower received notification from the Nasdaq Options Market that standardized options on its common stock (ticker symbol VVPR) will begin trading, effective July 25, 2025.

On October 22, 2025 the VivoPower's independent directors agreed to issue 1.2 million cashless warrants to AWN Holdings Limited, in consideration for the prior year grace period for the repayment of $11 million accrued interest, and a deferral of $8.9 million of principal for repayment from April 1, 2025 to January 1, 2026. The warrants will be issued at an issue price of $1.00 (with voting rights pari passu with ordinary shareholders).

**31. Key management personnel compensation**

Key management personnel, which are those roles that have a Group management aspect to them, are included in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.

**32. Ultimate controlling party**

As at June 30, 2025, AWN held a 7.1% equity interest in the Company. Since June 30, 2021, the Company no longer has an ultimate controlling party.

In prior periods, the ultimate controlling party and the results into which these financials were consolidated was AWN, a company registered in Australia.

## Ex-8

**Exhibit 8**

**SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Subsidiary Undertakings** | **Percentage of shares held** | **Registered address** |
| VivoPower International Services Limited | 100% | Jersey |
| VivoPower USA, LLC | 100% | United States |
| VivoPower US-NC-31, LLC | 100% | United States |
| VivoPower US-NC-47, LLC | 100% | United States |
| VivoPower (USA) Development, LLC | 100% | United States |
| Caret, LLC (formerly Innovative Solar Ventures I, LLC) | 100% | United States |
| Caret Decimal, LLC | 100% | United States |
| VIWR AU Pty Ltd (formerly VivoPower Pty Ltd) | 100% | Australia |
| Aevitas O Holdings Pty Ltd | 100% | Australia |
| Aevitas Group Limited | 100% | Australia |
| Aevitas Holdings Pty Ltd | 100% | Australia |
| Electrical Engineering Group Pty Limited | 100% | Australia |
| Kenshaw Solar Pty Ltd (formerly J.A. Martin Electrical Pty Limited) | 100% | Australia |
| KESW EL Pty Ltd (formerly Kenshaw Electrical Pty Limited) | 100% | Australia |
| Tembo Technologies Pty Ltd (formerly Tembo EV Australia Pty Ltd) | 100% | Australia |
| Tembo EV Pty Ltd | 100% | Australia |
| TemboDrive Pty Ltd | 100% | Australia |
| VivoPower Philippines Inc. | 64% | Philippines |
| VivoPower RE Solutions Inc. | 64% | Philippines |
| V.V.P. Holdings Inc. | 40% | Philippines |
| Tembo e-LV B.V. | 100% | Netherlands |
| Tembo 4x4 e-LV B.V. | 100% | Netherlands |
| FD 4x4 Centre B.V. | 100% | Netherlands |
| Tembo Group B.V (formerly Tembo EUV Solutions B.V) | 100% | Netherlands |
| Tembo EUV Solutions FZCO | 100% | United Arab Emirates |
| Tembo EUV Investment Corporation Ltd | 100% | Cayman Islands |

---

## Exhibit 11.2

**Exhibit 11.2**

**INSIDER TRADING POLICY**

Compliance Controlled Document Title: Insider Trading Policy <br> Policy Form Ref: VVPR012 Current Issue: 28 February 2023 <br> Revision: 4 First Issued: January 2018

Introduction

VivoPower International PLC aspires to the highest standard of business ethics, and, as a public company, is subject to a range of federal and state laws, rules and regulations governing trading in its securities. It is the policy of VivoPower International PLC and its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") to comply fully, and to assist its employees in complying fully, with these laws, rules and regulations. Accordingly, the Company has developed the following standards and requirements to ensure the proper protection of material non-public information to comply with laws, rules and regulations relating to insider trading. Please review the entire contents of this Policy carefully, including but not limited to the provisions under "Blackout Periods" below.

The Company depends upon the conduct and diligence of its employees, in both their professional and personal capacities, to ensure full compliance with this Policy. This Policy provides procedures and guidelines with respect to transactions in the Company's securities, the protection of material, non-public information and the standard of conduct expected of individuals working with the Company. It is the personal obligation and responsibility of each such person to act in a manner fully consistent with this Policy. This Policy shall be administered by the Company's Chief Financial Officer (hereinafter, and together with any person the Chief Financial Officer shall designate to assist in the performance of his or her duties, the "Compliance Officer").

This Policy applies to each director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, including any spouse, minor children, or other adults living in the same household, any family members who do not live in the same household but whose transactions in securities of the Company are directed by such person and any legal entities controlled by any of the foregoing, such as any corporations, partnerships or trusts (collectively, "Covered Persons").

Background

"Insider trading" is prohibited by applicable securities laws and constitutes a top enforcement priority of the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), the NASDAQ Capital Market ("NASDAQ") and the U. S. Department of Justice, and other governmental and regulatory authorities. Criminal prosecutions for insider trading are commonplace, and enforcement of the securities laws may result in fines and/or imprisonment. The law relating to insider trading is complex and if you have any questions concerning the law or a particular situation, you should consult with the Compliance Officer.

*Surveillance*. The SEC and the national securities exchanges in the U.S. (including NASDAQ) have extensive surveillance facilities that are used to monitor trading in stocks and stock options.

Frequently, these institutions have cooperative arrangements with comparable institutions outside the U.S. Through these surveillance facilities, the SEC and major securities exchanges are able to identify unusual trading in stocks and stock options that may be indicative of insider trading. Where this occurs, both informal and formal investigations may be launched by a securities exchange and/or the SEC. The Company will cooperate with those investigations. Covered Persons should remember that if a transaction in Company securities becomes the subject of scrutiny, the transaction will be viewed after the fact, with the full benefit of hindsight. As a result, before engaging in any transaction involving Company securities, Covered Persons should carefully consider how regulators and others might view the transaction in hindsight.

*Penalties*. The consequences of insider trading violations can be severe under U.S. law. The SEC takes the position that these laws apply to all transactions in stock and other securities of companies listed for trading in the U.S., whether or not the actual trades take place in the U.S. Under the law and for purposes of this Policy, "securities" includes not only common stock but also securities options, debt securities, preferred stock, derivative securities, warrants, convertible securities, and any other instrument that qualifies as a "security" under applicable securities laws, rules and regulations. For individuals who trade on inside information (or tip information to others), penalties include:

1. A civil penalty of disgorgement, or return, of profit gained or loss avoided, plus a fine of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided;

2. A criminal fine (no matter how small the profit) of up to $5 million; and

3. A jail term of up to 20 years.

In addition to civil and criminal penalties, persons contemporaneously trading at the time of a violation of the insider trading laws have the right to sue the insider for an amount equal to the profit gained or loss avoided by the insider in such transaction, offset by any amounts the insider is required to disgorge by the SEC.

For a company (as well as any supervisory person of a company) that fails to take appropriate steps to prevent illegal insider trading, penalties include:

1. A civil penalty of up to the greater of $1 million or three times the profit gained, or loss avoided as a result of the employee's violation; and

2. A criminal penalty of up to $25 million.

*Compliance*. All Covered Persons must strictly comply with this Policy. Failure to observe this policy may result in serious legal difficulties for the involved Covered Person, as well as for the Company, including the possibility of civil suits by stockholders. In fact, it is safest for a Covered Person to avoid engaging in any transaction if he or she might even appear to be trading while in possession of material non-public information.

*Company Sanctions*. Failure to comply with this Policy may also subject Covered Persons to Company- imposed sanctions and disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment. Those sanctions and disciplinary actions could be imposed even in the absence of a criminal prosecution or a violation of law.

*Who is an insider?* In general, the term "insider" means anyone who possesses material, non- public information about the Company, including any Covered Person in possession of such information. An individual may be an insider with respect to material, non-public information even though he or she is not a director or officer. For example, an assistant who knows that an acquisition is about to occur may be regarded as an insider with respect to that information until the news of such acquisition has been fully disclosed to the public.

*What is insider trading?* The prohibition against insider trading generally is understood to prohibit (1) trading on the basis of material, non-public information, (2) disclosing or "tipping" material, non-public information to others or recommending the purchase or sale of securities on the basis of such information or (3) assisting someone who is engaged in any of the above activities.

*What is material, non-public information?* Information is generally deemed to be "material" if there is a substantial likelihood a reasonable investor would find such information important in deciding whether or when to purchase, sell or hold a security to which the information relates. As a practical matter, materiality often is determined after the fact, when it is known that someone has traded on the information and after the information itself has been made public and its effects upon the market are more certain. In general, any non-public information that, if announced, could affect the price of a security should be considered material. Examples of information that is generally regarded as material include, but are not limited to:

● Financial
 results;

● Projections
 of future results or other guidance;

● Major
 proposed or pending acquisitions, investments or divestitures;

● Significant
 project or product developments;

● Changes
 in key personnel;

● Changes
 in dividends;

● Stock
 splits;

● Stock
 buy-backs;

● New
 equity or debt offerings;

● Positive
 or negative developments in outstanding significant litigation;

● Events
 that may result in the creation of a significant reserve or write-off or other significant adjustments to the financial statements;

● Actual
 or threatened significant litigation or inquiry by a governmental or regulatory authority; and

● Any
 other facts which might cause the Company's financial results to be substantially affected.

Information may be material even if it is not directly about the Company — e.g., if the information is relevant to the Company or its products, business, or assets. Examples could include information that a primary business partner is going to increase dramatically the prices it charges to the Company, or information that a competitor has developed a product that will cause sales of the Company's products to plummet.

"Non-public" information is any information that is not generally available to the investing public. Information is public if it is generally available through the media or disclosed in public documents such as corporate filings with the SEC. If it is disclosed in a national business or financial wire service (such as Dow Jones or Bloomberg), in a national news service (such as AP or Reuters), in a newspaper, on the television, on the radio, or in a publicly disseminated disclosure document (such as a proxy statement or prospectus), you may consider the information to be public. If the information is not available in the general media or in a public filing, you should consider it to be non-public.

Neither partial disclosure (disclosure of part of the information), nor the existence of rumors, is sufficient to consider the information to be public. Information about undisclosed financial results or a possible merger, acquisition or other material development, whether concerning the Company or otherwise, and obtained in the normal course of employment or through a rumor, tip or just "loose talk", is not public information. Information should be considered "non-public" until the end of the second (2nd) Trading Day (as defined below) after such information has been disseminated widely to the general public through press releases, news tickers, publication in a widely available newspaper, SEC filings or other widely disseminated means.

For purposes of this Policy, a "Trading Day" shall mean a day on which the NASDAQ is open for trading.

POLICIES REGARDING TRANSACTIONS IN THE COMPANY'S SECURITIES

The following policies apply to all transactions, direct or indirect, in all of the Company's securities (as previously defined above), and apply with respect to all Covered Persons.

Prohibitions for All Covered Persons

*No Trading on Material, Non-Public Information*. No Covered Person who is aware of any material, non-public information concerning the Company or a third-party with whom the Company does business, shall engage in any transaction in the Company's or such third-party's securities, including any offer to purchase or sell, during any period commencing with the date that he or she obtains such material, non-public information and ended at the end of the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of public disclosure of that information. After termination of employment, any Covered Person who is in possession of material, non- public information is prohibited from trading in Company securities until that information has become public or is no longer material.

*No Tipping*. No Covered Person shall disclose ("tip") material, non-public information to any other person where such information may be used by such person to his or her benefit by trading in the securities of the company to which such information relates, nor shall a Covered Person make any recommendations or express any opinions as to trading in the Company's securities to any other person on the basis of material, non-public information.

*No Trading on Inside Information About Other Publicly Traded Companies.* The prohibitions on trading or tipping also apply to stock or other securities issued by any other company – such as customers, suppliers, financing partners, competitors or joint venture partners – if a Covered Person acquired or possesses material non-public information relating to the other company in the course of his or her employment or affiliation with the Company.

*No Investments in Derivatives of the Company*'*s Securities*. No Covered Person shall invest in Company- based derivative securities. "Derivative Securities" are options, warrants, stock appreciation rights or similar rights whose value is derived from the value of an equity security, such as the Company's common stock. This prohibition includes, but is not limited to, trading in Company-based put or call option contracts, trading in straddles and the like.

*No Hedging or Pledging.* Our executive officers and directors are prohibited from hedging or pledging any Company securities that they hold directly. In addition, our officers and directors may not hedge or pledge equity compensation.

*No Margin Purchases*. No Covered Person shall purchase the Company's securities on margin. This means such persons are prohibited from borrowing from a brokerage firm, bank or other entity in order to purchase the Company's securities (other than in connection with "cashless" exercises of stock options under the Company's equity compensation plans).

*No Short Sales*. No Covered Person shall engage in the short sale of the Company's securities. A short sale is a sale of securities not owned by the seller or, if owned, not delivered against such sale (a "short against the box"). Short sales of the Company's securities evidence an expectation on the part of the seller that the securities will decline in value, and, therefore, signal to the market that the seller has no confidence in the Company or its short-term prospects. In addition, short sales may reduce the seller's incentive to improve the Company's performance.

*Blackout Periods*.

Covered Persons may not buy or sell Company securities at any time from the last day of a fiscal quarter or fiscal year of the Company through to and including the two (2) full business day period following the public release of the financial results for such fiscal quarter or year (for example, by means of a press release, a publicly accessible conference call or a governmental filing).

In addition, potentially material events or circumstances may from time to time require the Company to implement a Blackout Period related to a specific event or set of circumstances, during which all trading in Company securities may be prohibited. The Company may designate Covered Persons with access to material non-public information concerning that event or circumstances as being subject to a Blackout Period. In that case, the Company will advise those Covered Persons that they are subject to a Blackout Period and will inform them when the Blackout Period terminates. Covered Persons who are advised about the existence of a Blackout Period are prohibited from disclosing the existence of the Blackout Period to any other person

1. Pre-Clearance Procedures

The provisions of this Section are applicable to directors, officers, and such person's spouse, minor children, or other adults living in the same household, any family members who do not live in the same household but whose transactions in securities of the Company are directed by such person and any legal entities controlled by any of the foregoing, such as any corporations, partnerships or trusts, and certain other persons as may be designated from time to time by the Compliance Officer ("Restricted Persons"). Restricted Persons may not engage in any transaction in Company securities without first obtaining pre-clearance of the transaction from the Compliance Officer in order to determine compliance with this policy, insider trading laws and Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Rule 144"). A person requesting pre- clearance should submit the request to the Compliance Officer (and, in the case of a request by the Chief Executive Officer, also notify the Chairman of the Audit Committee) at least two business days in advance of the proposed transaction. The Compliance Officer may determine not to permit the transaction if it is not in compliance with this Policy, insider trading laws and Rule 144. If a person seeks pre-clearance and permission to engage in the transaction is denied, then he or she should refrain from initiating any transaction in Company securities and should not inform any other person of the restriction.

When a request for pre-clearance is made, the requestor should carefully consider whether he or she may be aware of any material non-public information about the Company and should describe fully those circumstances to the Compliance Officer. The requestor should also be prepared to comply with Rule 144 and file Form 144, if necessary, at the time of any sale.

2. Exceptions to the Prohibitions on Trading

The only exceptions to this Policy's prohibitions of trading in the Company's securities as outlined above are the following:

● *Stock Option Exercises* – Exercises in stock options granted under any Company equity compensation plans for cash; however, this exception does not include the subsequent sale of the shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of a stock option. In addition, the exercise of a tax withholding right under any equity awards under the Company's equity compensation plans pursuant to which an employee has the Company withhold securities to satisfy tax withholding requirements is not covered by the prohibitions of this Policy. In addition, Covered Persons who adopt a pre-arranged trading plan may be able to effect certain transactions in the Company's stock or other securities even when trades would otherwise be prohibited by this policy. Any such trading plan must, however, (i) satisfy the requirements of the SEC's Rule 10b5-1 and be entered into in good faith while the person entering into such plan is not in possession of material non-public information, and (ii) be pre- approved in writing by the Compliance Officer. If you have questions about trading plans or wish to establish a trading plan, please contact the Compliance Officer.

● *Bona Fide Gifts* – Bona fide gifts of securities are not deemed to be transactions for the purposes of this Policy. Whether a gift is truly bona fide will depend on the circumstances surrounding a specific gift. The more unrelated the done is to the donor, the more likely the gift would be considered "bona fide" and not a "transaction." For example, gifts to charities, churches or non-profit organizations would not be deemed to be "transactions. However, gifts to dependent children followed by a sale of the "gifted securities" in close proximity to the time of the gift may imply some economic benefit to the donor and, therefore, may be deemed to be a "transaction" and not a "bona fide gift."

● *Mutual Funds* – Transactions in mutual funds invested in Company securities are not transactions subject to this Policy's prohibitions on insider trading.

Other

*Inadvertent Disclosure of Material, Non-Public Information*

If material, non-public information regarding the Company is inadvertently disclosed, no matter what the circumstances, by any Covered Person, the person making or discovering that disclosure should immediately report the facts to the Compliance Officer.

*Inquiries Regarding Material, Non-Public Information*

When an inquiry is received regarding information that may be material, it should be referred, without comment, to the Compliance Officer.

*Reporting of Violations*

Any person who believes that a violation of this Policy has taken place shall report such violation promptly to the Compliance Officer.

*Questions Concerning this Policy*

Any questions concerning this Policy should be addressed to the Compliance Officer.

*Amendment*

The Company reserves the right to amend, modify, terminate and/or replace this Policy at any time and from time to time.

## Exhibit 12.1

**Exhibit 12.1**

**CERTIFICATION**

I, Kevin Chin, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 20-F of VivoPower International PLC;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The company's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the Annual Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The company's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of the company's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 30, 2025

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| By: | */s/ Kevin Chin* |
|  | Kevin Chin |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |
|  | (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 12.2

**Exhibit 12.2**

**CERTIFICATION**

I, David Mansfield, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 20-F of VivoPower International PLC;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The company's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the Annual Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The company's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of the company's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 30, 2025

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| By: | */s/ David Mansfield* |
|  | David Mansfield |
|  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 13.1

**Exhibit 13.1**

**SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION (CEO)**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of VivoPower International PLC (the "Company") for the year ended June 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Kevin Chin, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: October 30, 2025

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| By: | */s/ Kevin Chin* |
|  | Kevin Chin |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |
|  | (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 13.2

**Exhibit 13.2**

**SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION (CFO)**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of VivoPower International PLC (the "Company") for the year ended June 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, David Mnsfield, Group Finance Director of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: October 30, 2025

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| By: | */s/ David Mansfield* |
|  | David Mansfield |
|  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 15.1

**Exhibit 15.1**

![](ex15-1_001.jpg)

VivoPower International PLC

Blackwell House

Guildhall Yard

London

EC2V 5AE

**CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

We hereby consent to the use in this Annual Report on Form F-1 of VivoPower International plc filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on or around October 30, 2025, of the reference to our report dated December 19, 2024 relating to the financial statements of VivoPower International plc, which appears in this Form 20-F.

We also consent to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in such Annual Report

Sincerely,

![](ex15-1_002.jpg)

Daniel Hutson, on behalf of

PKF Littlejohn LLP

London, England

October 30, 2025

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| PKF Littlejohn LLP, Chartered Accountants. A list of members' names is available at the address below. PKF Littlejohn LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales No. OC342572. Registered office at 15 Westferry Circus, London E14 4HD. PKF Littlejohn LLP is a member of PKF Global, the network of member ﬁrms of PKF International Limited, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity and does not accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions of any individual member or correspondent ﬁrm(s). | **PKF Littlejohn LLP**<br> 15 Westferry Circus<br> Canary Wharf, London<br> E14 4HD<br>**T: +44 (0)20 7516 2200**<br> **pkf-l.com** |

---

## Exhibit 97.1

**Exhibit 97.1**

**VIVOPOWER INTERNATIONAL PLC**

**POLICY FOR THE RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION**

A. OVERVIEW

In accordance with the applicable rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market (the "***Nasdaq Rules***"), Section 10D and Rule 10D-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "***Exchange Act***") ("***Rule 10D-1***"), the Board of Directors (the "***Board***")<sup>7</sup> of VivoPower International PLC (the "***Company***") has adopted this Policy (the "***Policy***") to provide for the recovery of erroneously awarded Incentive-based Compensation from Executive Officers. All capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in Section H, below.

B. RECOVERY
 OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) In the event of an Accounting Restatement, the Company will reasonably promptly recover the Erroneously Awarded Compensation Received in accordance with Nasdaq Rules and Rule 10D-1 as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) After
 an Accounting Restatement, the Compensation Committee (if composed entirely of independent directors, or in the absence of such a
 committee, a majority of independent directors serving on the Board) (the "  ***Committee***") shall determine
 the amount of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation Received by each Executive Officer and shall promptly notify each Executive Officer
 with a written notice containing the amount of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation and demand for repayment, return or forfeiture
 of such compensation, as applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) For
 Incentive-based Compensation based on (or derived from) the Company's stock price or total shareholder return, where the amount
 of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in the applicable
 Accounting Restatement:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i. The
 amount to be repaid or returned shall be determined by the Committee based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Accounting
 Restatement on the Company's stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive-based Compensation was Received;
 and

ii. The
 Company shall maintain documentation of the determination of such reasonable estimate and provide the relevant documentation as required
 to the Nasdaq.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) The
 Committee shall have discretion, subject to applicable law, to determine the appropriate means of recovering Erroneously Awarded
 Compensation based on the particular facts and circumstances, which may include, without limitation:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) requiring
 reimbursement of cash Incentive-based Compensation previously paid;

(b) seeking
 recovery of any gain realized on the vesting, exercise, settlement, sale, transfer, or other disposition of any equity-based awards;

(c) offsetting
 the recouped amount from any compensation otherwise owed by the Company to the Executive Officer;

(d) cancelling
 outstanding vested or unvested equity awards; and/or

(e) taking
 any other remedial and recovery action permitted by law, as determined by the Committee.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as set forth in Section B(2) below, in no event may the Company accept an amount that is less than the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation in satisfaction of an Executive Officer's obligations hereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) To
 the extent that the Executive Officer has already reimbursed the Company for any Erroneously Awarded Compensation Received under
 any duplicative recovery obligations established by the Company or applicable law, it shall be appropriate for any such reimbursed
 amount to be credited to the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation that is subject to recovery under this Policy.

(iv) To
 the extent that an Executive Officer fails to repay all Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company when due, the Company shall
 take all actions, subject to applicable law, reasonable and appropriate to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation from the
 applicable Executive Officer. The applicable Executive Officer shall be required to reimburse the Company for any and all expenses
 reasonably incurred (including legal fees) by the Company in recovering such Erroneously Awarded Compensation in accordance with
 the immediately preceding sentence.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be required to take the actions contemplated by Section B(1) above if the Committee (which, as specified above, is composed entirely of independent directors or in the absence of such a committee, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board) determines that recovery would be impracticable and any of the following two conditions are met:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) The
 Committee has determined that the direct expenses paid to a third party to assist in enforcing the Policy would exceed the amount
 to be recovered. Before making this determination, the Company must make a reasonable attempt to recover the Erroneously Awarded
 Compensation, documented such attempt(s) and provided such documentation to the Nasdaq; or

(ii) Recovery
 would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company,
 to fail to meet the requirements of Section 401(a)(13) or Section 411(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and regulations
 thereunder.

(iii) Recovery
 would violate home country law where that law was adopted prior to November 28, 2022. Before concluding that it would be impracticable
 to recover any amount of erroneously awarded compensation based on violation of home country law, the Company must obtain an opinion
 of home country counsel, acceptable to the Nasdaq, that recovery would result in such a violation, and must provide such opinion
 to Nasdaq.

C. DISCLOSURE
 REQUIREMENTS

The Company shall file all disclosures with respect to this Policy required by applicable U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("***SEC***") filings and rules.

D. PROHIBITION
 OF INDEMNIFICATION

The Company shall not be permitted to insure or indemnify any Executive Officer against (i) the loss of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation that is repaid, returned, forfeited or recovered pursuant to the terms of this Policy, or (ii) any claims relating to the Company's enforcement of its rights under this Policy. Further, the Company shall not enter into any agreement that exempts any Incentive-based Compensation that is granted, paid or awarded to an Executive Officer from the application of this Policy or that waives the Company's right to recovery of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation, and this Policy shall supersede any such agreement (whether entered into before, on or after the Effective Date of this Policy).

E. ADMINISTRATION
 AND INTERPRETATION

This Policy shall be administered by the Committee, and any determinations made by the Committee shall be final and binding on all affected individuals.

The Committee is authorized to interpret and construe this Policy and to make all determinations necessary, appropriate, or advisable for the administration of this Policy and for the Company's compliance with Nasdaq Rules, Section 10D, Rule 10D-1 and any other applicable law, regulation, rule or interpretation of the SEC or Nasdaq promulgated or issued in connection therewith. It is intended that this Policy be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with the requirements of Nasdaq rules, Section 10D and Rule 10D-1 and any applicable rules or standards adopted by the SEC and the Nasdaq.

F. AMENDMENT;
 TERMINATION

The Committee may amend this Policy from time to time in its discretion and shall amend this Policy as it deems necessary. Notwithstanding anything in this Section F to the contrary, no amendment or termination of this Policy shall be effective if such amendment or termination would (after taking into account any actions taken by the Company contemporaneously with such amendment or termination) cause the Company to violate any federal securities laws, SEC rule or Nasdaq rule. The Board may terminate this Policy at any time.

G. OTHER
 RECOVERY RIGHTS

This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Executive Officers and, to the extent required by applicable law or guidance from the SEC or Nasdaq, their beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives. The Committee intends that this Policy will be applied to the fullest extent required by applicable law. Any employment agreement, equity award agreement, compensatory plan or any other agreement or arrangement with an Executive Officer shall be deemed to include, as a condition to the grant of any benefit thereunder, an agreement by the Executive Officer to abide by the terms of this Policy. Any right of recovery under this Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies or rights of recovery that may be available to the Company under applicable law, regulation or rule or pursuant to the terms of any policy of the Company or any provision in any employment agreement, equity award agreement, compensatory plan, agreement or other arrangement.

H. DEFINITIONS

For purposes of this Policy, the following capitalized terms shall have the meanings set forth below.

(1)  ***"Accounting Restatement***" means an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting
 requirement under the U.S. securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued
 financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements (a "Big R" restatement), or that
 is not material to previously issued financial statements, but would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected
 in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period (a "little r" restatement).

(2)  ***"Clawback Eligible Incentive Compensation***" means all Incentive-based Compensation Received by an Executive Officer

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) on or after the effective date of the applicable Nasdaq rules,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) after beginning service as an Executive Officer, (iii) who served as an Executive Officer at any time during the applicable performance period relating to any Incentive-based Compensation (whether or not such Executive Officer is serving at the time the Erroneously Awarded Compensation is required to be repaid to the Company), (iv) while the Company has a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange or a national securities association, and (v) during the applicable Clawback Period (as defined below).

(3)  ***"Clawback Period***" means, with respect to any Accounting Restatement, the three completed fiscal years of the Company immediately
 preceding the Restatement Date (as defined below), and if the Company changes its fiscal year, any transition period of less than
 nine months within or immediately following those three completed fiscal years.

(4)  ***"Effective Date***" means September 21, 2023.

(5)  ***"Erroneously Awarded Compensation***" means, with respect to each Executive Officer in connection with an Accounting Restatement, the
 amount of Clawback Eligible Incentive Compensation that exceeds the amount of Incentive-based Compensation that otherwise would have
 been Received had it been determined based on the restated amounts, computed without regard to any taxes paid.

(6)  ***"Executive Officer***" means each individual who is currently or was previously designated as an "officer" of the Company
 as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act. For the avoidance of doubt, the identification of an executive officer for purposes
 of this Policy shall include each executive officer who is or was identified pursuant to Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K or Item 6.A
 of Form 20-F, as applicable, as well as the principal financial officer and principal accounting officer (or, if there is no principal
 accounting officer, the controller).

(7)  ***"Financial Reporting Measures***" means measures that are determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used
 in preparing the Company's financial statements, and all other measures that are derived wholly or in part from such measures.
 Stock price and total shareholder return (and any measures that are derived wholly or in part from stock price or total shareholder
 return) shall, for purposes of this Policy, be considered Financial Reporting Measures. For the avoidance of doubt, a Financial Reporting
 Measure need not be presented in the Company's financial statements or included in a filing with the SEC.

(8)  ***"Incentive-based Compensation***" means any compensation that is granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment
 of a Financial Reporting Measure.

(9)  ***"Nasdaq*** "
 means The Nasdaq Stock Market.

(10)  ***"Received*** "
 means, with respect to any Incentive-based Compensation, actual or deemed receipt, and Incentive-based Compensation shall be deemed
 received in the Company's fiscal period during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive-based Compensation
 award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive-based Compensation to the Executive Officer occurs after the end
 of that period.

(11)  ***"Restatement Date***" means the earlier to occur of (i) the date the Board, a committee of the Board or the officers of the Company
 authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company
 is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement, or (ii) the date a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the
 Company to prepare an Accounting Restatement.

**Exhibit A**

**ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND AGREEMENT PERTAINING TO THE VIVOPOWER INTERNATIONAL PLC POLICY FOR THE RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION**

This Acknowledgment & Agreement (the "Acknowledgment") is delivered by the undersigned employee ("Executive"), as of the date set forth below, to VivoPower International PLC (the "Company"). Effective as of September 21, 2023 (the "Effective Date"), the Board of Directors (the "Board") of the Company adopted the VivoPower International PLC. Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation, attached as <u>Exhibit A</u> hereto (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time by the Board, the "Clawback Policy").

In consideration of the continued benefits to be received from the Company (and/or any subsidiary of the Company) and Executive's right to participate in, and as a condition to the receipt of, Incentive-based Compensation (as defined in the Clawback Policy), Executive hereby acknowledges and agrees to the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. Executive
 has read and understands the Clawback Policy and has had an opportunity to ask questions to the Company regarding the Clawback Policy.

2. Executive
 is bound by and to abide by the terms of the Clawback Policy and intends for the Clawback Policy to be applied to the fullest extent
 of the law.

3. The
 Clawback Policy shall apply to any and all Incentive-based Compensation that is (i) approved, awarded or granted to Executive on
 or after the Effective Date or received by Executive during the Clawback Period (as defined in the Clawback Policy).

4. Executive
 is not entitled to indemnification or right of advancement of expenses in connection with any enforcement of the Clawback Policy
 by the Company.

5. In
 the event of any inconsistency between the provisions of the Clawback Policy and this Acknowledgment or any applicable incentive-based
 compensation arrangements, employment agreement, equity agreement, indemnification agreement or similar agreement or arrangement
 setting forth the terms and conditions of any Incentive-based Compensation, the terms of the Clawback Policy shall govern.

No modifications, waivers or amendments of the terms of this Acknowledgment shall be effective unless signed in writing by Executive and the Company. The provisions of this Acknowledgment shall inure to the benefit of the Company, and shall be binding upon, the successors, administrators, heirs, legal representatives and assigns of Executive.

By signing below, Executive agrees to the application of the Clawback Policy and the other terms of this Acknowledgment.

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| Signature: |
| Printed Name: |
| Date: |

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