# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000727273
**File Stem:** 0001437749-25-026581
**Filing Date:** 2025-8
**Character Count:** 112495
**Document Hash:** 6be579d35517ba3a37a9d408303d8ee2
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001437749-25-026581.hdr.sgml**: 20250813

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001437749-25-026581

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 55

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250630

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250813

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250813

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** CADIZ INC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000727273
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** WATER SUPPLY [4941]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 01 Energy & Transportation
- **EIN:** 770313235
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-40579
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251213033

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 550 SOUTH HOPE STREET
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 2850
- **CITY:** LOS ANGELES
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 90071
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 213-271-1600

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 550 SOUTH HOPE STREET
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 2850
- **CITY:** LOS ANGELES
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 90071

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** CADIZ LAND CO INC
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19920703

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** PACIFIC AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS INC
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19920602

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** ARIDTECH INC
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19880523

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? cdzi20250630_10q.htm

------

united states

Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D. C. 20549

**FORM 10-Q**

(Mark One)

☑ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

OR

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from …… to …….

Commission File Number 0-12114

------

## Cadiz Inc.
(Exact name of registrant specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **77-0313235** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **550 South Hope Street, Suite 2850** |  |
| **Los Angeles, California** | **90071** |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |

---

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: **(213) 271-1600**

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange on which registered** |
| Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | CDZI | The NASDAQ Global Market |
| Depositary Shares (each representing a 1/1000<sup>th</sup> fractional interest in share of 8.875% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share) | <br> CDZIP | <br> The NASDAQ Global Market |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. **Yes** ☑ **No** ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). **Yes** ☑ **No** ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" , "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

**☐ Large accelerated filer** ☐ **Accelerated filer** ☑ **Non-accelerated filer** 

**☑ Smaller Reporting Company** ☐ E**merging growth company**

If an emerging growth company, indicate by checkmark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). **Yes** ☐ **No** ☑

As of August 12, 2025, the Registrant had 82,019,024 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ***Fiscal Second Quarter 2025 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q*** | ***Page*** |
| **PART I** – **FINANCIAL INFORMATION** |  |
| **ITEM 1. Financial Statements** |  |
| **Cadiz Inc. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  |  |
| [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#Income_Statement_Three_Months) | 1 |
| [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#Income_Statement_Six_Months) | 2 |
| [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024](#Balance_Sheet) | 3 |
| [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#Cash_Flows) | 4 |
| [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025](#Statement_of_Stockholders_Equity) | 5 |
| [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024](#Statement_fo_Stockholder_Equity_2024) | 6 |
| [Unaudited Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements](#Notes_to_the_Consolidated_FS) | 7 |
| [**ITEM 2. Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations**](#Item_2) | 21 |
| [**ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk**](#Item_3) | 31 |
| [**ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures**](#Item_4) | 31 |
| **PART II** – **OTHER INFORMATION** |  |
| [**ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings**](#Legal_Proceedings) | 33 |
| [**ITEM 1A. Risk Factors**](#Risk_Factors) | 33 |
| [**ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds**](#Unregisters_Sales) | 33 |
| [**ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities**](#Senior_Securities) | 33 |
| [**ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures**](#Mine_Safety) | 33 |
| [**ITEM 5. Other Information**](#Other_Information) | 33 |
| [**ITEM 6. Exhibits**](#Exhibits) | 34 |

---

------

Cadiz Inc.

------

***Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Three Months** | **For the Three Months** |
|  | **Ended June 30,** | **Ended June 30,** |
| ***($ in thousands, except per share data)*** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Total revenues | $4126 | $513 |
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |
| Cost of sales | 2665 | 852 |
| General and administrative | 6935 | 6305 |
| Depreciation | 303 | 305 |
| Total costs and expenses | 9903 | 7462 |
| Operating loss | (5777) | (6949) |
| Interest expense, net | (1951) | (1921) |
| Loss before income taxes | (7728) | (8870) |
| Income tax expense | (2) | (2) |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $(7730) | $(8872) |
| Less: Preferred stock dividend | (1288) | (1288) |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss applicable to common stock | $(9018) | $(10160) |
| Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $(0.11) | $(0.15) |
| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 81939 | 67771 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1

------

Cadiz Inc.

------

***Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Six Months** | **For the Six Months** |
|  | **Ended June 30,** | **Ended June 30,** |
| ***($ in thousands, except per share data)*** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Total revenues | $7080 | $1634 |
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |
| Cost of sales | 4743 | 1856 |
| General and administrative | 15042 | 11035 |
| Depreciation | 605 | 600 |
| Total costs and expenses | 20390 | 13491 |
| Operating loss | (13310) | (11857) |
| Interest expense, net | (4008) | (3860) |
| Loss before income taxes | (17318) | (15717) |
| Income tax expense | (5) | (5) |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $(17323) | $(15722) |
| Less: Preferred stock dividend | (2553) | (2553) |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss applicable to common stock | $(19876) | $(18275) |
| Basic and diluted net loss per common share | $(0.25) | $(0.27) |
| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 79588 | 67384 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2

------

Cadiz Inc.

------

***Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| ***($ in thousands, except per share data)*** | **June 30,**<br> **2025** | **December 31,**<br> **2024** |
| **ASSETS** |  |  |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $13205 | $17292 |
| Accounts receivable | 4090 | 4586 |
| Inventories | 3011 | 3020 |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 733 | 888 |
| Total current assets | 21039 | 25786 |
| Property, plant, equipment and water programs, net | 92605 | 88362 |
| Long-term deposit/prepaid expenses | 420 | 420 |
| Goodwill | 5714 | 5714 |
| Right-of-use asset | 3575 | 3746 |
| Long-term restricted cash | 2759 | 134 |
| Other assets | 10267 | 10332 |
| Total assets | $136379 | $134494 |
| **LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS**' **EQUITY** |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| Accounts payable | $2319 | $2261 |
| Accrued liabilities | 4521 | 7997 |
| Current portion of long-term debt | 92 | 120 |
| Dividend payable | 1288 | 1288 |
| Contingent consideration liabilities |  | 1200 |
| Deferred revenue | 3002 | 1226 |
| Operating lease liabilities | 372 | 314 |
| Total current liabilities | 11594 | 14406 |
| Long-term debt, net | 58751 | 56708 |
| Long-term lease obligations with related party, net | 26594 | 25275 |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 3201 | 3473 |
| Deferred revenue | 625 | 625 |
| Other long-term liabilities | 48 | 46 |
| Total liabilities | 100813 | 100533 |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |
| Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
| Preferred stock - $.01 par value; 100,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; shares issued and outstanding – 329 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | 1 | 1 |
| 8.875% Series A cumulative, perpetual preferred stock - $.01 par value; 7,500 shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; shares issued and outstanding – 2,300 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | 1 | 1 |
| Common stock - $.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; shares issued and outstanding – 81,896,376 at June 30, 2025 and 75,353,889 at December 31, 2024 | 817 | 752 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 710111 | 709303 |
| Accumulated deficit | (675364) | (676096) |
| Total stockholders' equity | 35566 | 33961 |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit | $136379 | $134494 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3

------

Cadiz Inc.

------

***Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Six Months** | **For the Six Months** |
|  | **Ended June 30,** | **Ended June 30,** |
| ***($ in thousands)*** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
| Net loss | $(17323) | (15722) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| Depreciation | 605 | 600 |
| Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | 737 | 611 |
| Amortization of right-of-use asset | 171 | 66 |
| Interest expense added to loan principal | 1362 | 1024 |
| Interest expense added to lease liability | 1307 | 1166 |
| Finance expense |  | 307 |
| Compensation charge for stock and share option awards | 3319 | 2380 |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| Accounts receivable | 496 | (715) |
| Inventories | 9 | (2391) |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 155 | (498) |
| Other assets | 65 | 73 |
| Accounts payable | 1137 | 670 |
| Lease liabilities | (214) | (154) |
| Deferred revenue | 1776 | 1470 |
| Other accrued liabilities | 1398 | 1177 |
| Net cash used in operating activities | (5000) | (9936) |
| Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
| Additions to property, plant and equipment and water programs | (5800) | (467) |
| Additions to deposits for asset purchase options | (5000) |  |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (10800) | (467) |
| Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
| Net proceeds from issuance of stock | 18335 |  |
| Dividend payments | (2553) | (2553) |
| Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt |  | 20000 |
| Principal payments on long-term debt | (72) | (98) |
| Issuance costs long-term debt |  | (1294) |
| Payment for contingent consideration liabilities | (1200) |  |
| Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards | (172) | (52) |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 14338 | 16003 |
| Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (1462) | 5600 |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 17426 | 4636 |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $15964 | $10236 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4

------

Cadiz Inc.

------

***Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders***' ***Equity (Unaudited)***

**For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 (*$ in thousands, except share data)***

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  |  |  | **8.875% Series A Cumulative** | **8.875% Series A Cumulative** | **Additional** |  | **Total** |
|  | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | **Preferred Stock** | **Preferred Stock** | **Perpetual Preferred Stock** | **Perpetual Preferred Stock** | **Paid-in** | **Accumulated** | **Stockholders'** |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Capital** | **Deficit** | **Equity** |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | 75353889 | $752 | 329 | $1 | 2300 | $1 | $709303 | $(676096) | $33961 |
| Issuance of shares pursuant to direct offering | 5715000 | 57 |  |  |  |  | 18278 |  | 18335 |
| Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes | 716122 | 7 | *-* | *-* | *-* | *-* | 2590 | *-* | 2597 |
| Dividends declared on 8.875% series A cumulative perpetual preferred shares ($550 per share) | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  |  | (1265) | (1265) |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  |  | (9593) | (9593) |
| Balance as of March 31, 2025 | 81785011 | 816 | 329 | 1 | 2300 | 1 | 730171 | (686954) | 44035 |
| Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes | 111365 | 1 | *-* | *-* | *-* | *-* | 548 | *-* | 549 |
| Dividends declared on 8.875% series A cumulative perpetual preferred shares ($560 per share) | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  | (1288) |  | (1288) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reclassification of dividends paid on 8.875% series A cumulative perpetual preferred shares | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  | (19320) | 19320 |  |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  |  | (7730) | (7730) |
| Balance as of June 30, 2025 | 81896376 | $817 | 329 | $1 | 2300 | $1 | $710111 | $(675364) | $35566 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5

------

Cadiz Inc.

------

***Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders***' ***Equity (Unaudited)***

**For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 (*$ in thousands, except share data)***

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  |  |  | **8.875% Series A Cumulative** | **8.875% Series A Cumulative** | **Additional** |  | **Total** |
|  | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | **Preferred Stock** | **Preferred Stock** | **Perpetual Preferred Stock** | **Perpetual Preferred Stock** | **Paid-in** | **Accumulated** | **Stockholders'** |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Capital** | **Deficit** | **Equity** |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | 66710795 | $665 | 329 | $1 | 2300 | $1 | $679150 | $(639850) | $39967 |
| Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes | 472779 | 5 | *-* | *-* | *-* | *-* | 1202 | *-* | 1207 |
| Issuance of warrants | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  | 887 |  | 887 |
| Shares to be issued to lenders |  |  |  |  |  |  | 480 |  | 480 |
| Issuance of shares to consultants | 100000 | 1 |  |  |  |  | 256 |  | 257 |
| Capitalization of gain on extinguishment of debt | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  | 1928 |  | 1928 |
| Dividends declared on 8.875% series A cumulative perpetual preferred shares ($550 per share) | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  |  | (1265) | (1265) |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  |  | (6850) | (6850) |
| Balance as of March 31, 2024 | 67283574 | 671 | 329 | $1 | 2300 | $1 | 683903 | (647965) | 36611 |
| Stock-based compensation expense, net of taxes | 516614 | 5 | *-* | *-* | *-* | *-* | 1116 | *-* | 1121 |
| Dividends declared on 8.875% series A cumulative perpetual preferred shares ($560 per share) | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  |  | (1288) | (1288) |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | *-* |  | *-* |  | *-* |  |  | (8872) | (8872) |
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | 67800188 | 676 | 329 | 1 | 2300 | 1 | 685019 | (658125) | 27572 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6

------

Cadiz Inc.

------

***Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements***

<u>**NOTE *1*** – **BASIS OF PRESENTATION**</u>

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes have been prepared by Cadiz Inc., also referred to as "Cadiz" or "the Company", without audit and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form *10*-K for the year ended *December 31, 2024.*

The foregoing Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which management considers necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the periods presented and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and such differences *may* be material to the financial statements. The results of operations for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025,* are *not* necessarily indicative of results for the entire fiscal year ending *December 31, 2025.*

***Liquidity***

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared using accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which assumes realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business.

The Company incurred losses of $17.3 million for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025,* compared to $15.7 million for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2024.* The Company had working capital of $9.4 million at *June 30, 2025* and used cash in its operations of $5.0 million for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025.* The higher loss in *2025* was primarily due to increased professional fees incurred in advancing the development of our groundwater storage project (the "Mojave Groundwater Bank") and higher compensation costs related to stock based non-cash bonus awards offset by improved profitability from ATEC driven by increased filter sales.

Cash requirements during the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* primarily reflect certain operating and administrative costs related to the Company's land, water, infrastructure and technology assets for water solutions including the Mojave Groundwater Bank, agricultural operations and water filtration business. The Company's present activities are focused on the development of its assets in ways that meet an urgent need for groundwater storage capacity in Southern California and growing demand for affordable, reliable, long-term water supplies that provide water security against inevitable drought periods in the Southwestern United States.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *7*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

On *March 6, 2024,* the Company entered into a Third Amendment to Credit Agreement and First Amendment to Security Agreement ("Third Amended Credit Agreement") with HHC $ Fund *2012* ("Heerema"). The Third Amended Credit Agreement provides, among other things, (a) a new tranche of senior secured convertible terms loans from Heerema in an aggregate principal amount of $20 million, having a maturity date of *June 30, 2027 (*"New Secured Convertible Debt"); (b) the aggregate principal amount of the secured non-convertible term loans acquired by Heerema from an existing lender has been increased from $20 million to $21.2 million and the applicable repayment fee in respect thereof has been eliminated; (c) the Convertible Loan existing prior to the Third Amended Credit Agreement, in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $16 million plus interest accruing thereon, has become unsecured; and (d) extension of the maturity date for the existing Convertible Loan and non-convertible loans to *June 30, 2027 (*see "Note *3* – Long-Term Debt", below).

On *November 5, 2024,* the Company completed the sale and issuance of 7,000,000 shares of its common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering. The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $3.34 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $23.4 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $22.1 million.

On *March 7, 2025,* the Company completed the sale and issuance of 5,715,000 shares of its common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering. The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $3.50 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $20.0 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $18.3 million.

The Company *may* meet its debt and working capital requirements through a variety of means, including extension, refinancing, equity placements, the sale or other disposition of assets, or reductions in operating costs. The covenants in the senior secured debt do *not* prohibit the Company's use of additional equity financing and allow the Company to retain *100%* of the proceeds of any common equity financing. The Company does *not* expect the loan covenants to materially limit its ability to finance its Mojave Groundwater Bank, agricultural operations and water filtration business activities.

Management assesses whether the Company has sufficient liquidity to fund its costs for the next *twelve* months from each financial statement issuance date. Management evaluates the Company's liquidity to determine if there is a substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. In the preparation of this liquidity assessment, management applies judgement to estimate the projected cash flows of the Company including the following: (i) projected cash outflows (ii) projected cash inflows, (iii) categorization of expenditures as discretionary versus non-discretionary and (iv) the ability to raise capital. The cash flow projections are based on known or planned cash requirements for operating costs as well as planned costs for project development. 

Limitations on the Company's liquidity and ability to raise capital *may* adversely affect it. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet the Company's resource development activities. Although the Company currently expects its sources of capital to be sufficient to meet its near-term liquidity needs, there can be *no* assurance that its liquidity requirements will continue to be satisfied. If the Company cannot raise needed funds, it might be forced to make substantial reductions in its operating expenses, which could adversely affect its ability to implement its current business plan and ultimately its viability as a company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *8*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

***Supplemental Cash Flow Information***

During the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025,* approximately $746,000 in interest payments on the Company's senior secured debt was paid in cash and approximately $1,362,000 was recorded as interest payable in kind. There are *no* scheduled principal payments due on the senior secured debt prior to its maturity.

At *June 30, 2025,* accruals for cash dividends payable on the Series A Preferred Stock was $1.29 million (see Note *9* – "Common and Preferred Stock"). The cash dividends were paid on *July 15, 2025.*

The balance of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows is comprised of the following:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash** | **June 30, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** | **June 30, 2024** |
| ***(in thousands)*** |  |  |  |
| Cash and Cash Equivalents | $13205 | $17292 | $10102 |
| Restricted Cash |  |  |  |
| Long-Term Restricted Cash | 2759 | 134 | 134 |
| Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | $15964 | $17426 | $10236 |

---

The restricted cash amounts primarily represented funds deposited into a segregated account as cash collateral supporting a letter of credit issued by the Company related to a performance and reclamation bond for the Northern Pipeline.

***Recent Accounting Pronouncements***

*Accounting Guidance *Not* Yet Adopted*

In *November 2024,* the FASB issued ASU *No. 2024*-*03,* Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (Subtopic *220*-*40*)("ASU *2024*-*03"*). ASU *2024*-*03* which requires disaggregated disclosures of income statement expenses for public business entities. ASU *2024*-*03* is effective for fiscal years beginning after *December 15, 2025,* and for interim reporting periods that begin after *December 15, 2027.* The Company is currently assessing this new guidance and expect this standard will *not* have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

*Accounting Guidance Adopted*

In *November 2023,* the Financial Account Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") *No.* ASU *2023*-*07,* Segment Reporting (Topic *280*)("ASU *2023*-*07"*). ASU *2023*-*07* modifies the disclosure and presentation requirements of reportable segments. ASU *2023*-*07* is effective for fiscal years beginning after *December 15, 2023,* and interim periods within those financial years beginning after *December 15, 2024,* with early adoption permitted. Adoption of the ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The adoption of this new standard as of *December 31, 2024,* had *no* material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *9*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

In *December 2023,* the Financial Account Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") *No. 2023*-*09,* Income Taxes (Topic *740*)("ASU *2023*-*09"*). ASU *2023*-*09* expands disclosures in an entity's income tax rate reconciliation table and disclosures regarding cash tax paid in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. ASU *2023*-*09* is effective for fiscal years beginning after *December 15, 2024.* The adoption of this new standard as of *January 1, 2025,* had *no* material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

<u>**NOTE *2*** – **REPORTABLE SEGMENTS**</u>

The Company currently operates in two reportable segments based upon its organizational structure and the way in which its operations are managed and evaluated. The Company's largest segment is Land and Water Resources, which comprises all activities regarding its properties in the eastern Mojave Desert including pre-revenue development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank (supply, storage and conveyance), and agricultural operations. The Company's *second* operating segment is its Water Filtration Technology business, consisting of ATEC Water Systems LLC ("ATEC"), which provides innovative water filtration solutions for impaired or contaminated groundwater sources. The Chief Operating Decision-Maker for our Land and Water Resources segment is the Chief Executive Officer of Cadiz Inc. and for the Water Filtration Technology segment is the Chief Executive Officer of ATEC.

We evaluate our performance based on segment operating (loss). Interest expense, income tax expense and losses related to equity method investments are excluded from the computation of operating (loss) for the segments. Segment net revenue, segment operating expenses and segment operating (loss)/income information consisted of the following for the *three* and *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024:*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2025** |
| *(in thousands)* | ***Land and Water Resources*** | ***Water Filtration Technology*** | ***Total*** |
| Revenues | 431 | 3695 | 4126 |
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales | 614 | 2051 | 2665 |
| General and administrative | 5750 | 1185 | 6935 |
| Depreciation | 294 | 9 | 303 |
| Total costs and expenses | 6658 | 3245 | 9903 |
| Operating (loss) income | $(6227) | $450 | $(5777) |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *10*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** |
| *(in thousands)* | ***Land and Water Resources*** | ***Water Filtration Technology*** | ***Total*** |
| Revenues | 350 | 163 | 513 |
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales | 679 | 173 | 852 |
| General and administrative | 5917 | 388 | 6305 |
| Depreciation | 292 | 13 | 305 |
| Total costs and expenses | 6888 | 574 | 7462 |
| Operating loss | $(6538) | $(411) | $(6949) |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** |
| *(in thousands)* | ***Land and Water Resources*** | ***Water Filtration Technology*** | ***Total*** |
| Revenues | 996 | 6084 | 7080 |
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales | 1113 | 3630 | 4743 |
| General and administrative | 13147 | 1895 | 15042 |
| Depreciation | 589 | 16 | 605 |
| Total costs and expenses | 14849 | 5541 | 20390 |
| Operating (loss) income | $(13853) | $543 | $(13310) |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** |
| *(in thousands)* | ***Land and Water Resources*** | ***Water Filtration Technology*** | ***Total*** |
| Revenues | $986 | $648 | $1634 |
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales | 1339 | 517 | 1856 |
| General and administrative | 10397 | 638 | 11035 |
| Depreciation | 574 | 26 | 600 |
| Total costs and expenses | 12310 | 1181 | 13491 |
| Operating loss | $(11324) | $(533) | $(11857) |

---

Assets by operating segment are as follows (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30,**<br> **2025** | **December 31,** <br> **2024** |
| Operating Segment: |  |  |
| Water and Land Resources | $124954 | $123786 |
| Water Filtration Technology | 11425 | 10708 |
|  | $136379 | $134494 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *11*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

Goodwill by operating segment is as follows (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30,** <br> **2025** | **December 31,** <br> **2024** |
| Operating Segment: |  |  |
| Water and Land Resources | $3813 | $3813 |
| Water Filtration Technology | 1901 | 1901 |
|  | $5714 | $5714 |

---

Property, plant, equipment and water programs consist of the following (dollars in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30, 2025** | **June 30, 2025** | **June 30, 2025** |
|  | **Water and Land Resources** | **Water Filtration Technology** | Total |
| Land and land improvements | $33089 | $- | $33089 |
| Water programs | 30991 |  | 30991 |
| Pipeline | 22103 |  | 22103 |
| Buildings | 1805 |  | 1805 |
| Leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures | 1616 | 8 | 1624 |
| Machinery and equipment | 3907 | 378 | 4285 |
| Construction in progress | 9871 | 12 | 9883 |
|  | 103382 | 398 | 103780 |
| Less accumulated depreciation | (10985) | (190) | (11175) |
|  | $92397 | $208 | $92605 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** |
|  | **Water and Land Resources** | **Water Filtration Technology** | Total |
| Land and land improvements | $33069 | $- | $33069 |
| Water programs | 29383 |  | 29383 |
| Pipeline | 22100 |  | 22100 |
| Buildings | 1805 |  | 1805 |
| Leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures | 1605 | 4 | 1609 |
| Machinery and equipment | 3870 | 247 | 4117 |
| Construction in progress | 6851 | 6 | 6857 |
|  | 98683 | 257 | 98940 |
| Less accumulated depreciation | (10397) | (181) | (10578) |
|  | $88286 | $76 | $88362 |

---

<u>**NOTE *3*** – **LONG-TERM DEBT**</u>

The carrying value of the Company's senior secured debt and the Company's convertible note instrument approximates fair value.

On *July 2, 2021,* the Company entered into a $50 million senior secured credit agreement ("Credit Agreement"). Interest is paid quarterly at a rate of seven percent per annum. The obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the Company's assets on a *first*-priority basis. At any time, the Company is permitted to prepay the principal of the debt, in whole or in part, provided that such prepayment is accompanied by any accrued interest on such principal amount being prepaid.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *12*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

On *February 2, 2023,* the Company entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement to amend certain provisions of the Credit Agreement ("First Amended Credit Agreement"). In connection with the First Amended Credit Agreement, the Company repaid $15 million of the senior secured debt together with fees and interest required to be paid in connection with such repayment under the Credit Agreement. Under the First Amended Credit Agreement, the lenders have a right to convert up to $15 million of outstanding principal, plus any PIK interest and any accrued and unpaid interest (the "Convertible Loan") into shares of the Company's common stock at a conversion price of $4.80 per share (the "Conversion Price"). Additionally, the maturity date of the Credit Agreement was extended from *July 2, 2024* to *June 30, 2026.* The annual interest rate remains unchanged at 7.00%. Interest on $20 million of the principal amount will be paid in cash. Interest on the $15 million principal amount of the Convertible Loan will be paid in kind on a quarterly basis by addition of such amount to the outstanding principal amount of the outstanding Convertible Loan. The amendment was recorded as a debt extinguishment.

On *March 6, 2024,* the Company entered into the Third Amended Credit Agreement. Before entering into the Third Amended Credit Agreement, Heerema purchased the outstanding secured non-convertible term loans under the Credit Agreement ("Assignment") at a discount on behalf of the Company. The Assignment was considered a debt extinguishment resulting in a gain of $1.9 million recorded as additional paid-in-capital as Heerema is a significant shareholder of the Company. The acquired secured non-convertible term loans were issued to Heerema at a discount which is being amortized over the term of the non-convertible term loan. In connection with the Assignment, the existing holders of both the Convertible Loan and non-convertible term loans consented to effectuate the Third Amended Credit Agreement in consideration of a consent fee in the aggregate amount of $479,845 payable in the form of the Company's registered common stock (valued at $2.89 per share, or 166,036 shares). The consent fee was capitalized as an additional debt discount and is being amortized over the remaining term of the Convertible Loan.

The Third Amended Credit Agreement provides, among other things, (a) a new tranche of senior secured convertible terms loans from Heerema in an aggregate principal amount of $20 million, having a maturity date of *June 30, 2027 (*"New Secured Convertible Debt"); (b) the aggregate principal amount of the secured non-convertible term loans acquired by Heerema has been increased from $20 million to $21.2 million and the applicable repayment fee in respect thereof has been eliminated; (c) the Convertible Loan existing prior to the Third Amended Credit Agreement, in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $16 million plus interest accruing thereon, has become unsecured; and (d) extension of the maturity date for the existing Convertible Loan and non-convertible loans to *June 30, 2027.* The New Secured Convertible Debt will bear PIK interest at a rate of 7% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears. The initial conversion price of the New Secured Convertible Debt is $5.30 per share and will be subject to anti-dilution adjustments. As a result of a registered direct offering that was completed in *March 2025,* the conversion price of the New Secured Convertible Debt was reduced to $5.04 per share.

In connection with the debts issued to Heerema, the Company issued a warrant to purchase 1,000,000 shares of our common stock (the "Heerema Warrant") to Heerema. The initial exercise price of the Heerema Warrant is $5.00 per share, which is subject to anti-dilution adjustments. As a result of a registered direct offering that was completed in *March 2025,* the exercise price of the Heerema Warrant was reduced to $4.75 per share. The Heerema Warrant expires on *June 30, 2027.* The Company recorded the fair value of the Heerema Warrant on the issuance date in additional paid-in capital in the amount of $0.9 million. In addition, the fair value of the Heerema Warrant was recorded as debt discount and is being amortized over the term of the secured debt issued to Heerema.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *13*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

Heerema, who holds the New Secured Convertible Debt, non-convertible term loans and Heerema Warrant, is also a significant shareholder as the holder of 25,695,300 shares of the Company's common stock or 31.4% of the issued and outstanding shares as of *June 30, 2025.*

In the event of certain asset sales, the incurrence of indebtedness or a casualty or condemnation event, in each case, under certain circumstances as described in the Credit Agreement, the Company will be required to use a portion of the proceeds to prepay amounts under the secured debt. In the event of any additional issuance of depositary receipts ("Depositary Receipts") representing interests in shares of 8.875% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock ("Series A Preferred Stock") by the Company, the Company will be required to, within *five* business days after the receipt of the net cash proceeds, apply 75% of the net cash proceeds to prepay amounts due under the debt (including the applicable repayment fee described above).

The Credit Agreement includes customary affirmative and negative covenants, including delivery of financial statements and other reports. The negative covenants limit the ability of the Company to, among other things, incur debt, incur liens, make investments, sell assets, pay dividends and enter into transactions with affiliates. In addition, the Credit Agreement includes customary events of default and remedies. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement as of *June 30, 2025.*

<u>**NOTE *4*** – **STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS**</u>

The Company has issued options and has granted stock awards pursuant to its *2019* Equity Incentive Plan, as described below.

***2019* Equity Incentive Plan***

The *2019* Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, *"2019* EIP") was originally approved by stockholders at the *July 10, 2019* Annual Meeting, with amendments to the plan approved by stockholders at the *July 12, 2022* Annual Meeting, the *June 11, 2024* Annual Meeting and the *June 12, 2025* Annual Meeting. The plan, as amended, provides for the grant and issuance of up to 7,200,000 shares and options to the Company's employees, directors and consultants.

Effective *July 1, 2021,* under the *2019* EIP, each outside director receives $75,000 of cash compensation and receives a deferred stock award consisting of shares of the Company's common stock with a value equal to $25,000 on *June 30* of each year. The award accrues on a quarterly basis, with $18,750 of cash compensation and $6,250 of stock earned for each fiscal quarter in which a director serves. The deferred stock award vests automatically on the *January 31* that *first* follows the award date.

***Stock Awards to Directors, Officers, and Consultants***

The Company has granted stock awards pursuant to its *2019* EIP.

Of the total 7,200,000 shares reserved under the *2019* Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, 5,164,886 shares and restricted stock units ("RSUs") have been awarded to the Company directors, employees and consultants as of *June 30, 2025.* Of the 5,164,886 shares and RSUs awarded, 73,908 shares were awarded to the Company's directors for services performed during the plan year ended *June 30, 2025.* These shares will vest and be issued on *January 31, 2026.*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *14*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

In *January 2024,* 60,000 RSUs were granted to employees which vested on *January 2, 2025.*

In *April 2024,* the Company granted 1.6 million RSUs and performance stock units ("PSUs") in conjunction with entering into an amended and restated employment agreement with the Company's Chief Executive Officer with (a) 700,000 RSUs that vest over a three-year period from *2024* to *2026;* (b) 600,000 RSUs that will vest upon achievement of milestones related to completion of certain permits, entering into binding contract for water delivery or storage, and delivery of water, and (c) 300,000 PSUs that will vest upon a Price Hurdle of $15 per share for *20* consecutive days. In *2025,* the Company's Chief Executive Officer and the Company mutually agreed to cancel 300,000 PSUs and 10,000 RSUs so that the underlying shares can be utilized for grants to other key employees and consultants. In *September 2024,* the Company granted 275,000 RSUs in conjunction with entering into an employment agreement with the Company's Chief Operating Officer. 137,500 of these RSUs vest over a three-year period from *September 2024* to *September 2027* and the remaining 137,500 RSUs will vest upon achievement of milestones related to completion of certain permits, entering into binding contracts for water delivery or storage, and delivery of water.

150,000 RSUs were granted to consultants in *January 2025 ("January 2025* RSU Grant"). Of the 150,000 RSUs granted under the *January 2025* RSU Grant, 16,250 RSUs vested and were issued immediately and 50,000 RSUs vested and were issued in *February 2025* upon achievement of certain milestones. Of the remaining 83,750 RSUs granted under the *January 2025* RSU grant, 33,750 RSUs vest in equal quarterly installments through *December 2025* and 50,000 shares vest upon achievement of certain milestones.

In *February 2025,* 420,000 RSUs for bonus awards were granted to employees which vested and became issuable immediately. Of these 420,000 RSUs, the Company issued 382,477 shares net of taxes withheld and paid in cash by the Company.

Additionally, in *March 2025,* 145,000 RSUs were granted to consultants (*"March 2025* RSU Grant"). Of the 145,000 RSUs granted under the *March 2025* RSU Grant, 85,000 shares were subject to vesting upon achievement of certain milestones and 60,000 shares vest over a period of one year. In *June 2025,* 55,000 of the shares underlying these RSUs were issued upon achievement of certain milestones.

The accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss include approximately $3,319,000 and $2,380,000 of stock-based compensation expense related to stock awards in the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024,* respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *15*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

<u>**NOTE *5*** – **INCOME TAXES**</u>

As of *June 30, 2025,* the Company had net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards of approximately $368 million for federal income tax purposes and $346 million for California state income tax purposes. Such carryforwards expire in varying amounts through the year *2037* and *2044* for federal and California purposes, respectively. For federal losses arising in tax years ending after *December 31, 2017,* the NOL carryforwards are allowed indefinitely. Use of the carryforward amounts is subject to an annual limitation as a result of a previous ownership change and a tax ownership change that occurred in *June 2021.*

The Company's tax years 2021 through *2024* remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, and tax years 2020 through *2024* remain subject to examination by California tax jurisdictions. In addition, the Company's loss carryforward amounts are generally subject to examination and adjustment for a period of three years for federal tax purposes and four years for California purposes, beginning when such carryovers are utilized to reduce taxes in a future tax year.

Because it is more likely than *not* that the Company will *not* realize its net deferred tax assets, it has recorded a full valuation allowance against these assets. Accordingly, no deferred tax asset has been reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

<u>**NOTE *6*** – **NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE**</u>

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Options, deferred stock units, convertible debt, convertible preferred shares and warrants were *not* considered in the computation of net loss per share because their inclusion would have been antidilutive. Had these instruments been included, the fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding would have increased by approximately 10,507,000 and 11,071,000 for the *three* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024,* respectively; and 10,476,000 and 10,075,000 for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024,* respectively.

<u>**NOTE *7*** – **LEASES & PROPERTY, PLANT, EQUIPMENT AND WATER PROGRAMS**</u>

Effective *February 1, 2024,* the Company entered into a 26-year right-of-way agreement with the United States Bureau of Land Management ("BLM") with respect to the Company's Northern Pipeline asset which resulted in recording right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in the amount of $1.9 million resulting from $4.8 million in future lease payments over the 26 years less imputed interest of $2.9 million based upon a 10% weighted average discount rate. The right-of-way agreement has an annual rent expense of approximately $185,000, with annual defined inflation increases.

The Company has operating leases for right-of-way agreements, corporate offices, vehicles and office equipment. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of 16 months to 25 years as of *June 30, 2025,* some of which include options to extend or terminate the lease. However, the Company is *not* reasonably certain to exercise options to renew or terminate, and therefore renewal and termination options are *not* included in the lease term or the right-of-use asset and lease liability balances. The Company's current lease arrangements expire in *2049.* The Company does *not* have any finance leases.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *16*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

As a lessor, in *February 2016,* the Company entered into a lease agreement with Fenner Valley Farms LLC ("FVF") (the "lessee"), pursuant to which FVF is leasing, for a 99-year term, 2,100 acres owned by Cadiz in San Bernardino County, California, to be used to plant, grow and harvest agricultural crops ("FVF Lease Agreement"). As consideration for the lease, FVF paid the Company a *one*-time payment of $12.0 million upon closing. The Company expects to recognize rental income of $420,000 annually over the next *five* years related to the FVF Lease Agreement.

Depreciation expense on land improvements, buildings, leasehold improvements, machinery and equipment and furniture and fixtures was $605,000 and $600,000 for the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025* and *2024,* respectively.

<u>**NOTE *8*** – **FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS**</u>

Fair values determined by Level *1* inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company considers a security that trades at least weekly to have an active market. Fair values determined by Level *2* inputs utilize data points that are observable, such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves. Fair values determined by Level *3* inputs are unobservable data points for the asset or liability, and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability.

In *2022,* the Company recorded a contingent consideration liability in the amount of $1.45 million related to the purchase price of the ATEC acquisition for amounts payable upon the sale of a requisite number of water filtration units under an asset purchase agreement. $250 thousand of this liability was paid during *2024* and $1.2 million of this liability was paid during the *second* quarter of *2025* constituting payment in full of the remaining balance of this contingent consideration liability.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| *(in thousands)* | **Level 3 Liabilities** |
| Balance at December 31, 2024 | $(1200) |
| Payment of contingent consideration liabilities | 1200 |
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | $- |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *17*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

<u>**NOTE *9*** – **COMMON AND PREFERRED STOCK**</u>

*<u>Common Stock</u>*

The Company is authorized to issue 100 million shares of Common Stock at a $0.01 par value. As of *June 30, 2025,* the Company had 81,896,376 shares issued and outstanding.

On *November 5, 2024,* the Company completed the sale and issuance of 7,000,000 shares of its common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering. The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $3.34 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $23.4 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $22.1 million.

On *March 7, 2025,* the Company completed the sale and issuance of 5,715,000 shares of its common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering. The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $3.50 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $20.0 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $18.3 million.

*<u>Series *1* Preferred Stock</u>*

The Company has issued a total of 10,000 shares of Series *1* Preferred Stock ("Series *1* Preferred Stock") to certain holders ("Holders") under certain conversion and exchange agreements entered into in *March 2020.* Each share of Series *1* Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the Holder into 405.05 shares of Common Stock. As of *March 31, 2023,* Holders of Series *1* Preferred Stock exercised their option to convert 9,671 shares of Series *1* Preferred Stock into 3,917,235 shares of Common Stock. The Company has 329 shares of Series *1* Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of *June 30, 2025.*

*<u>Series A Preferred Stock</u>*

On *June 29, 2021,* the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement with B. Riley Securities, Inc., as representative of the several underwriters named there, to issue and sell an aggregate of 2,000,000 depositary shares (the "Depositary Shares"), as well as up to 300,000 Depositary Shares sold pursuant to the exercise of an option to purchase additional Depositary Shares ("Depositary Share Offering"), each representing 1/1000<sup>th</sup> of a share of the 8.875% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (the "Series A Preferred Stock"). The Depositary Share Offering was completed on *July 2, 2021* for net proceeds of approximately $54 million.

On *July 1, 2021,* the Company filed the Certificate of Designation ("Certificate of Designation") for the Series A Preferred Stock with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, which became effective upon acceptance for record. The Certificate of Designation classified a total of 7,500 shares of the Company's authorized shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, as Series A Preferred Stock.

As set forth in the Certificate of Designation, the Series A Preferred Stock will rank, as to dividend rights and rights upon the Company's liquidation, dissolution or winding up: (i) senior to Common Stock of the Company; (ii) junior to the Series *1* Preferred Stock with respect to the distribution of assets upon the Company's voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up; (iii) senior to the Series *1* Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and (iv) effectively junior to all the Company's existing and future indebtedness (including indebtedness convertible into Common Stock or preferred stock) and to the indebtedness and other liabilities of (as well as any preferred equity interests held by others in) the Company's existing or future subsidiaries.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *18*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

Holders of Series A Preferred Stock, when and as authorized by the Company's Board of Directors, are entitled to cumulative cash dividends at the rate of 8.875% of the $25,000.00 ($25.00 per Depositary Share) liquidation preference per year (equivalent to $2,218.75 per share per year or $2.21875 per Depositary Share per year). Dividends are payable quarterly in arrears, on or about the *15*<sup>th</sup> of *January, April, July* and *October,* beginning on or about *October 15, 2021.* As of *June 30, 2025,* the Company has paid aggregate cash dividends of $19,320,000. As of *June 30, 2025,* the Company has reclassified the $19,320,000 in aggregate cash dividends paid from the accumulated deficit balance to additional paid in capital. The Company has assessed this misclassification, individually and in the aggregate, and concluded that this correction was *not* material to the current period or any prior period interim or annual financial statements. On *June 19, 2025,* the Company's Board of Directors declared that holders of Series A Preferred stock will receive a cash dividend equal to $560.00 per whole share; therefore, holders of Depositary Shares will receive a cash dividend equal to $0.56 per Depositary Share. The dividend totaling $1,288,000 was paid on *July 15, 2025* to respective holders of record as of the close of business on *July 3, 2025.*

Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock underlying the depositary shares will continue to accumulate whether or *not* (i) any of our agreements prohibit the current payment of dividends, (ii) we have earnings or funds legally available to pay the dividends, or (iii) our Board of Directors does *not* declare the payment of the dividends.

Holders of depositary shares representing interests in the Series A Preferred Stock generally will have *no* voting rights. However, if we do *not* pay dividends on any outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock for *six* or more quarterly dividend periods (whether or *not* declared or consecutive), holders of the Series A Preferred Stock (voting separately as a class with all other outstanding series of preferred stock upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable) will be entitled to elect *two* additional directors to the Board of Directors to serve until all unpaid dividends have been fully paid or declared and set apart for payment.

On and after *July 2, 2026,* the shares of Series A Preferred Stock will be redeemable at the Company's option, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to $25,000.00 per share ($25.00 per Depositary Share), plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. Furthermore, upon a change of control or delisting event (each as defined in the Certificate of Designation), the Company will have a special option to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock at $25,000.00 per share ($25.00 per Depositary Share), plus any accrued and unpaid dividends.

Shares of Series A Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of Common Stock if, and only if, a change of control or delisting event (each as defined in the Certificate of Designation) has occurred, and the Company has *not* elected to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock prior to the applicable conversion date. Upon any conversion, each share of Series A Preferred Stock will be converted into that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the lesser of (i) the quotient obtained by dividing (A) the sum of (*x*) the $25,000 liquidation preference per share plus (y) the amount of an accrued and unpaid dividends to, but *not* including, the conversion date by (B) the Common Stock Purchase Price (as defined in the Certificate of Designation), and (ii) 3,748.13 (the "Share Cap"), subject to certain adjustments.

The Company has 2,300 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of *June 30, 2025.*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *19*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

**<u>NOTE *10*</u>** <u>–</u> **<u>COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</u>**

In the normal course of its agricultural operations, the Company handles, stores, transports and dispenses products identified as hazardous materials. Regulatory agencies periodically conduct inspections and, currently, there are *no* pending claims with respect to hazardous materials.

Pursuant to cost-sharing agreements that have been entered into by participants in the Mojave Groundwater Bank, $625,000 in funds have been received in order to offset costs incurred in the environmental analysis of the Mojave Groundwater Bank. These funds *may* either be reimbursed or credited to participants' participation in the Mojave Groundwater Bank and, accordingly, are fully reflected as deferred revenue as of *June 30, 2025* and *June 30, 2024.*

In conjunction with the 26-year right-of-way agreement with BLM with respect to the Company's Northern Pipeline asset, the Company deposited approximately $420,000 towards a Performance and Reclamation Bond with the BLM which has been recorded in Other Assets.

The Company is from time to time involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. At this time, the Company is *not* aware of any other pending or threatened litigation that it expects will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, liquidity, or operating results. Legal claims are inherently uncertain, however, and it is possible that the Company's business, financial condition, liquidity and/or operating results could be adversely affected in the future by legal proceedings.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *20*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

**ITEM 2. Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations**

*In connection with the* "*safe harbor*" *provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the following discussion contains trend analysis and other forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as* "*intends*"*,* "*anticipates*"*,* "*believes*"*,* "*estimates*"*,* "*projects*"*,* "*forecasts*"*,* "*expects*"*,* "*plans*" *and* "*proposes*"*. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. These include, among others, our ability to maximize value from our land and water resources and our ability to obtain new financings as needed to meet our ongoing working capital needs. See additional discussion under the heading* "*Risk Factors*" *in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof. We assume no duty to update these forward-looking statements to reflect new, changed or unanticipated events or circumstances, other than as may be required by law.*

We are a water solutions provider with a unique combination of land, water, pipeline and water filtration assets located in Southern California between major water systems serving population centers in the Southwestern United States. Our portfolio of assets includes 2.5 million acre-feet of water supply, 1 million acre-feet of groundwater storage capacity, 220 miles of existing, underground pipeline, 43 miles of right-of-way entitlements for pipeline construction, and versatile, scalable and cost-effective water filtration technology that removes contaminants and constituents of concern from groundwater. Our customers are public and private water systems, government agencies and commercial businesses.

We manage our landholdings, pipeline and water filtration technology assets to offer a suite of integrated products and services to public water systems, government agencies and commercial customers that include reliable water supply, groundwater storage, water conveyance and custom-designed water filtration technology systems.

Water Supply – We own vested water rights to withdraw 2.5 million acre-feet of groundwater for beneficial uses, including agricultural development on our property and export to serve communities across Southern California. Because water in the aquifer system will eventually be lost to evaporation, surplus water that is captured and withdrawn before it evaporates is a new water supply (i.e. "conserved" water). We have completed environmental review in accordance with local, state and federal laws authorizing the management of the groundwater aquifer underlying our property in the Cadiz Valley ("Cadiz Ranch") which is expected to produce an average of 50,000 acre-feet of water per year ("AFY") for 50 years for beneficial use in Southern California communities.

Water Storage – The alluvium aquifer that lies beneath the Cadiz Ranch is also large enough for use as a water "banking" facility, capable of storing water "in-lieu" for supply customers and up to 1 million acre-feet of imported surplus water for return during drought periods. For comparison, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California stores approximately 1.2 million acre-feet of water in the largest surface reservoir in the United States, Lake Mead.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 21

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

Water Conveyance Infrastructure – We own an existing 220-mile 30-inch steel pipeline ("Northern Pipeline"), that intersects several water storage and conveyance facilities in Southern California, including the California Aqueduct, the Los Angeles Aqueduct, and the Mojave River Pipeline. The capacity of the Northern Pipeline for water conveyance is 25,000 AFY. We also own a 99-year lease with the Arizona & California Railroad Company that will allow us to construct a 43-mile water conveyance pipeline ("Southern Pipeline") within the existing, active railroad right-of-way that extends from the Cadiz Ranch to the Colorado River Aqueduct. We expect the capacity of the Southern Pipeline to be 150,000 AFY to accommodate imported water storage. We hold an option to purchase up to 180 miles of existing unused 36" steel pipeline that can be used in construction of the Southern Pipeline system or to replace certain components of the Northern Pipeline.

Water Filtration Technology – In 2022, we completed the acquisition of the assets of ATEC Water Systems, Inc. into ATEC Water Systems, LLC ("ATEC"), which provides innovative water filtration solutions for impaired or contaminated groundwater sources. ATEC's specialized filtration media provide cost-effective, high-rate of removal for common groundwater impairments and contaminants that pose health risks in drinking water including iron, manganese, arsenic, Chromium-6, nitrates, per-and-polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and other constituents of concern.

Our addition of pipeline infrastructure and ATEC water filtration technology to our portfolio of land and water assets has enabled us to adjust our business model to begin offering integrated services and solutions to public water systems that address the urgent challenges of climate change and make significant progress in advancing contract negotiations for water supply with public water systems.

In 2024, we entered into agreements with public water systems, private utility and other private water providers for their purchase of 21,275 AFY of annual water supply from us to be delivered via the Northern Pipeline. These agreements cumulatively represent 85% of the full capacity (25,000 AFY) of the Northern Pipeline.

Through membership in Fenner Gap Mutual Water Company, a mutual water company to be owned by the participating water agencies, these agreements provide for delivery of purchased annual water supply over a 40-year term (take or pay), at an agreed upon market price estimated to start at approximately $850/AFY and subject to annual adjustment. Participating water providers are also expected to pay a portion of operating costs and the capital costs for conversion of facilities.

In August 2025, we entered into a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU") with EPCOR NR Holdings Inc. ("EPCOR") to pursue development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank to provide long-term water supply for the benefit of EPCOR customers in Arizona ("Arizona off-takers"). The MOU contemplates entering into an exclusive marketing agreement wherein Cadiz will grant EPCOR exclusive rights to market 25,000 acre-feet per year (AFY) of conserved water from the Mojave Groundwater Bank project to Arizona off-takers, and EPCOR will design, build and finance a portion of the Southern Pipeline system that will be substantially devoted to the conveyance of water to the Colorado River Aqueduct for the benefit of Arizona off-takers.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

We estimate that it will cost approximately $800 million to construct all required facilities to complete the Mojave Groundwater Bank, including conversion of the Northern Pipeline to water conveyance and construction of the Southern Pipeline, the wellfield and power facilities. We have established a new business entity, Mojave Water Infrastructure Company, LLC ("MWI"), to fund these capital costs in partnership with public sector, tribal and other investors that we expect will contribute up to $401 million equity capital into MWI. In the fourth quarter of 2024 and 1<sup>st</sup> quarter of 2025, we have entered into non-binding letters of intent and a letter of agreement with potential MWI investors for up to $425 million. Due diligence is ongoing with these and other potential MWI investors. The parties will also coordinate with us to seek available infrastructure grants and/or other financing alternatives including potential revenue bond issuances through a to-be-formed financing Joint Powers Authority to fund the remaining construction costs.

Upon closing of definitive agreements, we would expect to contribute our pipeline infrastructure assets, including the Northern Pipeline and the Southern Pipeline right-of-way, and an expected 51% share of the long-term cash flows from the groundwater banking and storage operations, to MWI in exchange for the equity capital funding. Under this potential structure, in consideration of our transfer of assets, MWI would be expected to pay us up to approximately $76 million among other considerations and we would expect to retain 49% of the water storage rights.

ATEC and our agricultural operations provide our current principal source of revenue, although our working capital needs are not fully supported by these operations at this time. We believe that our water supply, storage, pipeline conveyance and treatment solutions will provide a significant source of future cash flow for the business and our stockholders. We presently rely upon debt and equity financing to support our working capital needs and development of our water solutions.

Our current and future operations also include activities that further our commitments to sustainable stewardship of our land, water, pipeline and water filtration technology assets, good governance and corporate social responsibility. We believe these commitments are important investments that will assist in maintenance of sustained stockholder value.

***Results of Operations***

***<u>Three Months Ended June 30, 2025, Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2024</u>***

We currently operate in two reportable segments. Our largest segment is Land and Water Resources, which comprises all activities regarding our properties in the eastern Mojave Desert, pre-revenue development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank (supply, storage and conveyance), and agricultural operations. Our second operating segment is Water Filtration Technology comprised of ATEC which provides innovative water filtration technology solutions for impaired or contaminated groundwater sources.

We evaluate our performance based on segment operating (loss). Interest expense, income tax expense and losses related to equity method investments are excluded from the computation of operating (loss) for the segments. Segment net revenue, segment operating expenses and segment operating (loss)/income information consisted of the following for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 23

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2025** |
| *(in thousands)* | **Land and Water Resources** | **Water Filtration Technology** | **Total** |
| Revenues | 431 | 3695 | 4126 |
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales | 614 | 2051 | 2665 |
| General and administrative | 5750 | 1185 | 6935 |
| Depreciation | 294 | 9 | 303 |
| Total costs and expenses | 6658 | 3245 | 9903 |
| Operating (loss) income | $(6227) | $450 | $(5777) |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended June 30, 2024** |
| *(in thousands)* | **Land and Water Resources** | **Water Filtration Technology** | **Total** |
| Revenues | 350 | 163 | 513 |
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales | 679 | 173 | 852 |
| General and administrative | 5917 | 388 | 6305 |
| Depreciation | 292 | 13 | 305 |
| Total costs and expenses | 6888 | 574 | 7462 |
| Operating loss | $(6538) | $(411) | $(6949) |

---

We have not received significant revenues from our water supply, storage, or conveyance assets to date. Our revenues have been limited primarily to ATEC sales and sales from our alfalfa plantings and rental income from our agricultural leases. As a result, we have historically incurred a net loss from operations. We incurred an operating loss of $5.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to a $6.9 million operating loss during the three months ended June 30, 2024. The higher loss in 2025 was primarily due to increased professional fees incurred in advancing the development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank and higher compensation costs related to stock based non-cash bonus awards offset by improved profitability from ATEC driven by increased filter sales. Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2025 was $7.7 million compared to a $8.9 million net loss during the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Our primary expenses are our ongoing overhead costs associated with the development of our water supply, storage, and conveyance assets (i.e., general and administrative expense), farming expenses at the Cadiz Ranch, manufacturing operations of ATEC and our interest expense. We will continue to incur non-cash expenses in connection with our management and director equity incentive compensation plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 24

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

***<u>Revenues</u>*** Revenue totaled $4.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, primarily related to ATEC sales totaling $3.7 million, sales from the harvest from our 890 acres of commercial alfalfa crop totaling $0.3 million and rental income from agricultural leases totaling $0.1 million. Revenue totaled $0.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily related to ATEC sales totaling $0.2 million, sales from the harvest from our then 760 acres of commercial alfalfa crop totaling $0.2 million and rental income from our agricultural leases totaling $0.1 million. The increase in ATEC sales primarily relates to revenues from shipment of 115 filters in 2025 compared to shipment of 4 filters in 2024.

***<u>Cost of Sales</u>*** Cost of sales totaled $2.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025, comprised of $2.1 million related to ATEC (44.5% gross margin) and $0.6 million related to our alfalfa crop harvest. Cost of sales totaled $0.9 million during the three months ended June 30, 2024, comprised of $0.7 million related to our alfalfa crop harvest and $0.2 million related to ATEC (6% negative gross margin). The improved ATEC gross margin is driven by the increase in filter sales over which the fixed costs included in cost of sales can be spread.

***<u>General and Administrative Expenses</u>* **General and administrative expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2025, exclusive of stock-based compensation costs, totaled $6.4 million compared to $5.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in 2025 was primarily a result of increased legal and consulting fees incurred in advancing the development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank and increased marketing commissions and sales expenses related to ATEC growth.

Compensation costs for stock and option awards for the three months ended June 30, 2025, were $0.5 million, compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The higher 2024 expense was primarily due to higher stock-based non-cash awards to employees and consultants in 2024 compared to 2025 (see Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – "Stock-Based Compensation Plans").

***<u>Depreciation</u>* ** Depreciation expense totaled $0.3 million during each of the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

***<u>Interest Expense, net</u>*** Net interest expense totaled $2.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $1.9 million during the same period in 2024. The following table summarizes the components of net interest expense for the two periods (in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,**  | **June 30,**  |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Interest on outstanding debt | $1849 | $1731 |
| Amortization of debt discount | 376 | 342 |
| Interest income | (136) | (132) |
| Other income | (138) | (20) |
|  | $1951 | $1921 |

---

Interest income primarily relates to interest on investments in short-term deposits.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 25

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

***<u>Six Months Ended June 30, 2025, Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2024</u>***

Segment net revenue, segment operating expenses and segment operating (loss)/income information consisted of the following for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** |
| *(in thousands)* | **Land and Water Resources** | **Water Filtration Technology** | **Total** |
| Revenues | 996 | 6084 | 7080 |
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales | 1113 | 3630 | 4743 |
| General and administrative | 13147 | 1895 | 15042 |
| Depreciation | 589 | 16 | 605 |
| Total costs and expenses | 14849 | 5541 | 20390 |
| Operating (loss) income | $(13853) | $543 | $(13310) |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** | **Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** |
| *(in thousands)* | **Land and Water Resources** | **Water Filtration Technology** | **Total** |
| Revenues | $986 | $648 | $1634 |
| Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales | 1339 | 517 | 1856 |
| General and administrative | 10397 | 638 | 11035 |
| Depreciation | 574 | 26 | 600 |
| Total costs and expenses | 12310 | 1181 | 13491 |
| Operating loss | $(11324) | $(533) | $(11857) |

---

We incurred an operating loss of $13.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to a $11.9 million operating loss during the six months ended June 30, 2024. The higher operating loss in 2025 was primarily due to increased professional fees incurred in advancing the development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank and higher compensation costs related to stock based non-cash bonus awards offset by improved profitability from ATEC driven by increased filter sales. Net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $17.3 million compared to a $15.7 million net loss during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

***<u>Revenues</u>*** Revenue totaled $7.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily related to ATEC sales totaling $6.1 million, sales from the harvest from our 890 acres of commercial alfalfa crop totaling $0.8 million and rental income from our agricultural leases totaling $0.2 million. Revenue totaled $1.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily related to ATEC sales totaling $0.6 million, sales from the harvest from our 760 acres of commercial alfalfa crop totaling $0.8 million and rental income from our agricultural leases totaling $0.2 million. The increase in ATEC sales primarily relates to revenues from shipment of 195 filters in 2025 compared to shipment of 37 filters in 2024.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 26

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

***<u>Cost of Sales</u>* **Cost of sales totaled $4.7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, which comprised of $3.6 million related to ATEC (40.3% gross margin) and $1.1 million related to our alfalfa crop harvest. Cost of sales totaled $1.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024, which comprised of $0.5 million related to ATEC (20.2% gross margin) and $1.4 million related to our alfalfa crop harvest. The improved ATEC gross margin is driven by the increase in filter sales over which the fixed costs included in cost of sales can be spread.

***<u>General and Administrative Expenses</u>* **General and administrative expenses, exclusive of stock-based compensation costs, totaled $11.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $8.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in 2025 was primarily a result of increased legal and consulting fees incurred in advancing the development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank and increased marketing commissions and sales expense related to ATEC growth.

Compensation costs for stock and option awards for the six months ended June 30, 2025, were $3.3 million, compared to $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The higher 2025 expense was primarily due to stock-based non-cash awards to employees and consultants.

***<u>Depreciation</u>* ** Depreciation expense totaled $0.6 million during each of the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

***<u>Interest Expense, net</u>*** Net interest expense totaled $4.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $3.9 million during the same period in 2024. The following table summarizes the components of net interest expense for the two periods (in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,**  | **June 30,**  |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Interest on outstanding debt | $3636 | $3159 |
| Amortization of debt discount | 737 | 611 |
| Finance expense |  | 307 |
| Interest income | (227) | (184) |
| Other income | (138) | (33) |
|  | $4008 | $3860 |

---

Increased interest expense is primarily due to increased borrowing under the Third Amended Credit Agreement. Interest income primarily relates to interest on investments in short-term deposits.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 27

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

***<u>Liquidity and Capital Resources</u>***

***<u>Current Financing Arrangements</u>***

As we have not received sufficient revenues or gross profits from our water, agriculture or water filtration technology activities to date, we have been required to obtain financing to bridge the gap between the time water resource and other development expenses are incurred and the time that revenue will commence. Historically, we have addressed these needs primarily through secured debt financing arrangements and private equity placements.

**<u>Equity Offerings</u>**

In November 2024, we completed the sale and issuance of 7,000,000 shares of our common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering ("November 2024 Direct Offering"). The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $3.34 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $23.4 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $22.1 million.

On March 7, 2025, we completed the sale and issuance of 5,715,000 shares of our common stock to certain institutional investors in a registered direct offering ("March 2025 Direct Offering"). The shares of common stock were sold at a purchase price of $3.50 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $20.0 million and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $18.3 million.

$5.0 million of the net proceeds from the November 2024 Direct Offering were paid in January 2025 to secure an exclusive option finalized in December 2024 to purchase up to 180 miles of steel pipe intended to be used for the development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank. The remaining proceeds from the November 2024 Direct Offering and the proceeds from the March 2025 Direct Offering are intended to be used for capital and other expenses related to the development and construction of the Mojave Groundwater Bank, which may include acquisition of equipment and materials intended to be used in construction of facilities related to our Northern and/or Southern Pipelines, which we expect to begin in 2025. Net proceeds from the offerings may also be used for the equipment and materials related to wellfield infrastructure on land owned by us and our subsidiaries, business development activities, other capital expenditures, working capital, the expansion of our business and general corporate purposes.

**<u>Debt Offerings</u>**

In July 2021, we entered into a $50 million new credit agreement ("Credit Agreement") (see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – "Long-Term Debt"). The proceeds of the Credit Agreement, together with the proceeds from a depositary share offering, were used to (a) to repay all our outstanding senior secured debt obligations in the amount of approximately $77.6 million, (b) to deposit approximately $10.2 million into a segregated account, representing an amount sufficient to pre-fund eight quarterly dividend payments on the Series A Preferred Stock underlying depositary shares issued in a depositary share offering, and (c) to pay transaction related expenses. The remaining proceeds were used for working capital needs and for general corporate purposes.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 28

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

On February 2, 2023, we entered into a First Amendment to Credit Agreement to amend certain provisions of the Credit Agreement ("First Amended Credit Agreement), Under the First Amended Credit Agreement, the lenders will have a right to convert up to $15 million of outstanding principal, plus any PIK interest and any accrued and unpaid interest (the "Convertible Loan") into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $4.80 per share (the "Conversion Price"). In addition, prior to the maturity of the Credit Agreement, we have the right to require that the lenders convert the outstanding principal amount, plus any PIK Interest and accrued and unpaid interest, of the Convertible Loan if the following conditions are met: (i) the average VWAP of the Company's common stock on The Nasdaq Stock Market, or such other national securities exchange on which the shares of common stock are listed for trading, over 30 consecutive trading dates exceeds 115% of the then Conversion Price and (ii) there is no event of default under certain provisions of the Credit Agreement.

Under the First Amended Credit Agreement, the maturity date of the Credit Agreement was extended from July 2, 2024 to June 30, 2026.

On March 6, 2024, we entered into a Third Amendment to Credit Agreement and First Amendment to Security Agreement ("Third Amended Credit Agreement") with HHC $ Fund 2012 ("Heerema") (see Note 3 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – "Long-Term Debt"). Before entering into the Third Amended Credit Agreement, Heerema purchased the outstanding secured non-convertible term loans under the Credit Agreement ("Assignment"). In connection with the Assignment, the existing holders of both the Convertible Loan and non-convertible term loans consented to effectuate the Third Amended Credit Agreement in consideration of a consent fee in the aggregate amount of $479,845 payable in the form of our common stock (valued at $2.89 per share, or 166,036 shares), which was registered pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 and a prospectus supplement thereunder. The Third Amended Credit Agreement provides, among other things, (a) a new tranche of senior secured convertible terms loans from Heerema in an aggregate principal amount of $20 million, having a maturity date of June 30, 2027 ("New Secured Convertible Debt"); (b) the aggregate principal amount of the secured non-convertible term loans acquired by Heerema has been increased from $20 million to $21.2 million and the applicable repayment fee in respect thereof has been eliminated; (c) the Convertible Loan existing prior to the Third Amended Credit Agreement, in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $16 million plus interest accruing thereon, has become unsecured; and (d) extension of the maturity date for the existing Convertible Loan and non-convertible loans to June 30, 2027.

The annual interest rate remains unchanged at 7.00%. Interest on $21.2 million of the remaining principal amount will be paid in cash. Interest on the aggregate $36 million principal amount of the New Secured Convertible Debt and existing Convertible Loan is paid in kind on a quarterly basis.

Limitations on our liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect us. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet our resource development activities. To the extent additional capital is required, we may increase liquidity through a variety of means, including equity or debt placements, through the lease, sale or other disposition of assets or reductions in operating costs. If additional capital is required, no assurances can be given as to the availability and terms of any new financing.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 29

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

As we continue to actively pursue our business strategy, additional financing will continue to be required (see "Outlook", below). The covenants in the Credit Agreement, as amended, do not prohibit our use of additional equity financing and allow us to retain 100% of the proceeds of any common equity financing. We do not expect the loan covenants to materially limit our ability to finance Mojave Groundwater Bank, agricultural operations and water filtration business activities .

**<u>Cash Used in Operating Activities</u>**. Cash used in operating activities totaled $5.0 million and $9.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The cash was primarily used to fund general and administrative expenses related to our water development efforts, agricultural development efforts, and our ATEC business. The decrease in cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by a decrease in working capital needs at ATEC due to completion of the final shipment of the contracted 320 filters for the Central Utah Water Conservancy District's Vineyard Wellfield Groundwater Polishing Project during the second quarter of 2025.

**<u>Cash Used in Investing Activities</u>**. Cash used in investing activities totaled $10.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The cash used in 2025 was primarily related to securing an exclusive option to purchase up to 180 miles of steel pipeline intended to be used for the development of the Mojave Groundwater Bank for $5.0 million. The cash used in the 2024 period primarily related to the development cost for the planting of 125 additional acres of alfalfa.

**<u>Cash Provided by Financing Activities</u>*.*** Cash provided by financing activities totaled $14.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared with cash provided of $16.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Proceeds from the financing activities in the 2025 period primarily related to the issuance of shares under a direct offering and the payment of a deferred portion of the purchase price related to the ATEC acquisition. Proceeds from financing activities for the 2024 period related to the issuance of long-term debt under the Third Amended Credit Agreement.

**<u>Outlook</u>**

***Short-Term Outlook.*** The net proceeds of approximately $18.3 million from the completion of the March 2025 Direct Offering, together with cash on hand, provide us with sufficient funds to meet our short-term working capital needs. Our ATEC operations are expected to be funded using existing capital and cash profits generated from operations during 2025.

**Long-Term Outlook***.* In the longer term, we may need to raise additional capital to finance working capital needs and capital expenditures (see "Current Financing Arrangements", above). Our future working capital needs will depend upon the specific measures we pursue in the entitlement and development of our water supply, storage, conveyance resources and other developments. Future capital expenditures will depend on the progress of the Mojave Groundwater Bank, including the funding of MWI, ATEC operational needs and any further expansion of our agricultural assets. Additionally, timing of reimbursement of development costs advanced related to the Mojave Groundwater Bank and the timing of receipt of funds for the anticipated transfer of assets into MWI will impact the need to raise additional capital.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 30

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

We are evaluating the amount of cash needed, and the manner in which such cash will be raised, on an ongoing basis. We may meet any future cash requirements through a variety of means, including equity or debt placements, or through the sale or other disposition of assets. Equity placements will be undertaken only to the extent necessary, so as to minimize the dilutive effect of any such placements upon our existing stockholders. No assurances can be given, however, as to the availability or terms of any new financing. Limitations on our liquidity and ability to raise capital may adversely affect us. Sufficient liquidity is critical to meet our resource development activities.

***<u>Recent Accounting Pronouncements</u>***

See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – "Basis of Presentation".

**ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk**

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Reg. 240.12b-2 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.

**ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures**

**Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

The Company established disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that material information related to the Company, including its consolidated entities, is accumulated and communicated to senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the "Principal Executive Officer") and Chief Financial Officer (the "Principal Financial Officer") and to its Board of Directors. Based on their evaluation as of June 30, 2025, the Company's Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive and principal financial officers as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

**Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting** 

In connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, there was no change identified in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 31

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 32

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

**PART II - OTHER INFORMATION**

**ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings**

There have been no material changes to legal proceedings described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

**ITEM 1A. Risk Factors**

There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

**ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures**

Not applicable.

**ITEM *5.* Other Information**

*a.* *Information required under Form *8K.*

None.

*b.* *Modifications to nomination process.*

*None.*

*c.* *Insider trading arrangements.*

During the *six* months ended *June 30, 2025, no* director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule *10b5*-*1* trading arrangement" or "non-Rule *10b5*-*1* trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item *408*(a) of Regulation S-K.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *33*

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

**ITEM 6.** &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Exhibits**

The following exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| \* 31.1 | [Certification of Susan Kennedy, Chief Executive Officer of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](ex_850412.htm) |
| \* 31.2 | [Certification of Stanley E. Speer, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](ex_850413.htm) |
| \* 32.1 | [Certification of Susan Kennedy, Chief Executive Officer of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](ex_850410.htm) |
| \* 32.2 | [Certification of Stanley E. Speer, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Cadiz Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](ex_850411.htm) |
| \* 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
| \* 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| \* 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| \* 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| \* 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| \* 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |

---

------

\* Filed concurrently herewith.

\*\* Previously filed.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 34

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cadiz Inc.

------

**SIGNATURE**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

**Cadiz Inc.**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| By: | /s/ Susan Kennedy | August 13, 2025 |
|  | Susan Kennedy | Date |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |  |
|  | (Principal Executive Officer) |  |
| By: | /s/ Stanley E. Speer | August 13, 2025 |
|  | Stanley E. Speer | Date |
|  | Chief Financial Officer and Secretary |  |
|  | (Principal Financial Officer) |  |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 35

## Exhibit 31.1

**EXHIBIT 31.1** 

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE**

**SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Susan Kennedy, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cadiz Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: August 13, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| <u>/s/ Susan Kennedy</u> |
| Susan Kennedy |
| Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**EXHIBIT 31.2** 

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE**

**SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Stanley E. Speer, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cadiz Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: August 13, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| <u>/s/ Stanley E. Speer</u> |
| Stanley E. Speer |
| Chief Financial Officer and Secretary |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**EXHIBIT 32.1**

**STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

**BY PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER**

I, Susan Kennedy, herby certify, to my knowledge, that:

1. the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Cadiz Inc. for the period ended March 31, 2025 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Cadiz Inc.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Statement as of the date first written above.

Dated: August 13, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| <u>/s/ Susan Kennedy</u> |
| Susan Kennedy |
| Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 32.2

**EXHIBIT 32.2**

**STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

**BY PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER**

I, Stanley E. Speer, herby certify, to my knowledge, that:

1. the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Cadiz Inc. for the period ended March 31, 2025 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Cadiz Inc.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Statement as of the date first written above.

Dated: August 13, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| <u>/s/ Stanely Speer</u> |
| Stanley E. Speer |
| Chief Financial Officer and Secretary |

---