# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001039280
**File Stem:** 0001493152-25-015950
**Filing Date:** 2025-9
**Character Count:** 331252
**Document Hash:** d3beedcfab3ff1b262009c123de7ee8b
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001493152-25-015950.hdr.sgml**: 20250929

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001493152-25-015950

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 118

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250630

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250929

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250929

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES INC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001039280
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 06 Technology
- **EIN:** 954627685
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** NV
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 0630

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 000-22773
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251354768

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 16000 VENTURA BLVD.,
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 770
- **CITY:** ENCINO,
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 91436
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 8182229195

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 16000 VENTURA BLVD.,
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 770
- **CITY:** ENCINO,
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 91436

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** NETSOL INTERNATIONAL INC
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19990819

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** MIRAGE HOLDINGS INC
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19970519

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-K**

☒ ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

**EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2025**

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

**SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

Commission File Number 0-22773

![](form10-k_001.jpg)

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

(Exact Name of Registrant specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **nevada** | **95-4627685** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification Number) |

---

16000 Ventura Blvd., Suite 770,

Encino, CA 91436

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(818) 222-9195

(Issuer's telephone number including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **<u>Title of each class</u>** | **<u>Trading Symbol(s)</u>** | **<u>Name of exchange on which registered</u>** |
| Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | NTWK | NASDAQ |

---

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Large Accelerated Filer ☐ | Accelerated Filer ☐ |
| Non-accelerated Filer ☒ | Smaller reporting company ☒ |
|  | Emerging growth company ☐ |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $25,936,035 based upon the closing price of the stock as reported on NASDAQ Capital Market ($2.62 per share) on December 31, 2024, the last business day of the registrant's second quarter. As of September 18, 2025, there were 12,724,571 shares issued and 11,785,540 outstanding of its $.01 par value Common Stock and no Preferred Stock was outstanding.

**DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE**

(None)

**ANNUAL REPORT** 

**PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE** 

**SECURITIES ACT OF 1934**

****TABLE OF CONTENTS** AND CROSS REFERENCE SHEET**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | PAGE |
|  | [PART I](#sk_002) |  |
| [Note About Forward-Looking Statements](#sk_001) | [Note About Forward-Looking Statements](#sk_001) |  |
| Item 1 | [Business](#sk_003) | 1 |
| Item 1A | [Risk Factors](#sk_004) | 9 |
| Item 1B | [Unresolved Staff Comments](#sk_005) | 9 |
| Item 1C | [Cybersecurity](#sk_006) | 10 |
| Item 2 | [Properties](#sk_007) | 11 |
| Item 3 | [Legal Proceedings](#sk_008) | 11 |
| Item 4 | [Mine Safety Disclosures](#sk_009) | 11 |
|  | [PART II](#sk_010) |  |
| Item 5 | [Market for Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities](#sk_011) | 12 |
| Item 6 | [\[Reserved\]](#sk_012) | 12 |
| Item 7 | [Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#sk_013) | 13 |
| Item 7A | [Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk](#sk_014) | 27 |
| Item 8 | [Financial Statements and Supplementary Data](#sk_015) | 27 |
| Item 9 | [Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure](#sk_016) | 27 |
| Item 9A | [Controls and Procedures](#sk_017) | 27 |
| Item 9B | [Other Information](#sk_018) | 28 |
| Item 9C | [Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections](#sk_019) | 28 |
|  | [PART III](#sk_020) |  |
| Item 10 | [Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance](#sk_021) | 29 |
| Item 11 | [Executive Compensation](#sk_022) | 34 |
| Item 12 | [Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters](#sk_023) | 47 |
| Item 13 | [Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence](#sk_024) | 48 |
| Item 14 | [Principal Accountant Fees and Services](#sk_025) | 48 |
|  | [PART IV](#sk_026) |  |
| Item 15 | [Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules](#sk_027) | 50 |

---

i

**NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 relating to the development of the company's products and services and future operation results, including statements regarding the company that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. The words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," variations of such words, and similar expressions, identify forward-looking statements, but their absence does not mean that the statement is not forward-looking. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Factors that could affect the company's actual results include the progress and costs of the development of products and services and the timing of the market acceptance. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report, including without limitation, the following sections: Item 1 "Business," and Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

As used herein, "NETSOL," "the company", "we", "our," and similar terms include NETSOL Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

**PART 1**

**ITEM 1 - BUSINESS**

**GENERAL OVERVIEW**

NETSOL Technologies' solutions and services enable original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), dealerships and financial institutions to sell, finance and lease assets. The company serves customers across over 30 countries. NETSOL has been at the cutting edge of technology, pioneering innovations with its asset finance solutions and leveraging advanced AI and cloud services to meet the complex needs of the global market. Renowned for its deep industry expertise, customer-centric approach and commitment to excellence, NETSOL fosters strong partnerships with its clients, ensuring their success in an ever-evolving landscape. With a rich history of innovation, ethical business practices and a focus on sustainability, NETSOL is dedicated to empowering businesses worldwide, securing its position as the trusted partner for leading firms around the globe.

NETSOL's primary sources of revenues have been licensing, subscriptions, modification, enhancement and support of its suite of financial applications to leading businesses in the global finance and leasing space as well as automotive digital retail.

The Company's clients include blue-chip organizations, Dow Jones 30 Industrials, Fortune 500 companies, global vehicle manufacturers through their captive finance companies ("auto captives"), unrelated automotive finance companies ("non-captives"), equipment finance and leasing companies, automotive and equipment OEMs, commercial lenders, dealers, brokers, banks and other financial institutions – all of which are serviced by NETSOL's strategically located support and delivery centers across the globe.

Founded in 1996, NETSOL is headquartered in Encino, California. The company follows a global strategy for sales and delivery of its portfolio of solutions and services through its offices in the following locations:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;■ North America Encino, California and Austin, Texas

■ Europe London and Horsham

■ Asia Pacific Sydney, Bangkok, Beijing, Tianjin, Jakarta, Lahore and Karachi

■ Middle East Dubai

**OUR BUSINESS** 

**Company Business Model**

NETSOL specializes in providing AI-powered, scalable and customizable technology solutions primarily to the global asset finance and leasing industry. The Company also empowers OEMS, dealer groups and dealerships with a digital retail platform that transforms how they sell, finance and deliver cars. Our value proposition lies in delivering innovative technologies that enhance operational efficiency and productivity. Further, NETSOL also provides a range of services that are not limited to the financial services industry. We reach our customers through a combination of direct sales efforts, strategic partnerships with associations, a robust online presence, participation in industry events and a variety of targeted marketing channels.

The Company generates its core revenue from the following primary sources: (1) software licenses, (2) services, which include implementation and consulting services, and (3) subscription and support, which includes post contract support, of its enterprise technology solutions for the industry. The Company offers its solutions using the same underlying technology via two models: a traditional on-premises licensing model and a subscription model.

The on-premises model involves the sale or license of software on a perpetual basis to customers who take possession of the software and install and maintain the software on their own hardware. Under the subscription delivery model, the Company provides access to its software on a hosted basis as a service and customers generally do not have the contractual right to take possession of the software or solution(s).

**Expertise**

Our expertise in enterprise technology and financial application development has positioned us as a global player in AI-powered asset finance and digital retail solutions, enabling us to establish a strong footprint across key markets in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific.

**Domain Experience**

NETSOL is a dynamic leader and has been able to accumulate a wealth of experience in the global asset finance and leasing industry alongside the automotive digital retail space. We have built a large knowledge base which is regularly refined and updated to ensure the most up-to-date, best practices and business solutions for the benefit of our clients and partners. We have a strong presence in the captive asset-finance market. We have had continual operations for over two and a half decades in Asia Pacific and Europe and over four decades in North America.

**Proximity with Global and Regional Customers**

We have offices across the world located strategically to maintain close contact and proximity with our customers in various key markets. This has not only helped us strengthen our customer relationships but also build a deeper understanding of local market dynamics. Simultaneously, we are able to extend services and support development through a combination of onsite and offsite resources. This approach has allowed us to offer blended rates to our customers by employing a unique and cost-effective global development model.

Our global operations are broken down into the following primary regions: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and the Middle East. All of the subsidiaries are seamlessly integrated to function effectively with global delivery capabilities, cross selling to multinational asset finance companies, automotive and equipment OEMs, auto captives, commercial lenders, dealers, brokers, banks and other financial institutions, leveraging the centralized marketing and pre-sales organization, and a network of employees connected across the globe to support local and global customers and partners.

**OUR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES**

Built on cutting-edge, modern technology, NETSOL's unified Transcend™ Platform is an AI-powered asset finance and digital retail solution for automotive and equipment OEMs, auto captives, commercial lenders, dealers, brokers and financial institutions.

Our solutions are designed and developed for highly flexible settings and are capable of dealing with multinational, multi-company, multi-asset, multi-lingual, multi-distributor and multi-manufacturer environments. They empower our customers to effectively manage their complex operations, enabling them to thrive in hyper-competitive global markets.

**PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: TRANSCEND™ PLATFORM** 

**Transcend™ Retail** 

We revolutionize auto and equipment retail with a fully digital, integrated platform that simplifies the entire customer journey. From online purchasing to finance approval, Transcend™ Retail offers advanced retail and mobility solutions that keep dealerships and OEMs at the cutting edge of consumer expectations.

**Transcend™ Finance** 

We streamline finance and leasing operations with a comprehensive solution for originations, servicing and wholesale finance. Transcend™ Finance empowers automotive and equipment OEMs, auto captives, commercial lenders, dealers, brokers and financial institutions with end-to-end visibility and control, ensuring seamless workflows and accelerated business outcomes.

**<u>Originations</u>**

We streamline the entire origination process, from submission to approval, with advanced features such as real-time, AI-powered credit decisioning, automated deal flows and more.

**<u>Servicing</u>**

We enable financial institutions to attain real-time insights into portfolio performance, delinquencies and losses, enabling proactive portfolio management and strategic decision-making.

**<u>Wholesale finance</u>**

Our wholesale finance solution empowers customers to gain a competitive edge by automating their wholesale finance and floor planning operations effortlessly.

**Transcend™ Marketplace**

Transcend™ Marketplace offers a suite of flexible, component-based solutions that integrate seamlessly with the customer's existing infrastructure. Transcend™ Marketplace contains modular, API-first solutions that address every aspect of finance and leasing using tools for calculations, document generation, loan origination and lending configurations.

**<u>Flex™</u>**

Flex is an application program interface (API)-first, ready-to-use calculation and quotation engine. It is a one-stop solution that guarantees precise calculations at all stages of the contract lifecycle through various calculation types. All the calculations are parameter-driven, which helps perform simple, multi-dimensional or complex calculations based on the needs of a business. Flex™ has a lightning-fast onboarding process, which can take place in mere minutes.

**<u>Hubex™</u>**

Hubex™ is an API library that enables companies to standardize all their API integration procedures across multiple API services through a single integration. In addition to traditional lending companies, Hubex™ can also streamline the operations of dealerships, vendors and consultants. With a ready-to-use service, Hubex™ makes it easy for businesses to seamlessly connect with multiple APIs and achieve their desired outcomes. Pre-integrated services in the Hubex™ library include, but are not limited to, payment processing, bank account authentication, finance and insurance products, fraud check, know your customer (KYC) service, driver license verification, address validation, vehicle valuation and notification service.

**<u>Index™</u>**

Index™ is a cloud-based parameter storage that smoothly runs all of a company's core lending operations. It is an accumulation of all the master setups, including asset catalog and inventory, programs, rates and profiles for lenders, dealers and multiple partners, in one centralized location for all business types. Index<sup>TM</sup> can enhance delivery efficiency and program management for easy integration into all systems.

**<u>Dock™</u>**

Dock™ is an advanced document generation tool that lets a company create accurate and professional-looking documents in just seconds. With Dock<sup>TM</sup>'s template-based configuration, a company can set up placeholders for data, essentially simplifying the document creation process and reducing the chance of human error. Its API-first architecture ensures scalability, making it capable of handling any document generation task, from single documents to millions, with ease.

**<u>Lane™</u>**

Lane™ offers a feature-rich, end-to-end order management system for asset leasing and loans as well as credit companies. Our platform covers all aspects, from conducting end-to-end sales to performing dealer and partner-related tasks and marketing-related activities. The system offers a variety of dashboards that provide vital information for dealers and partners while enabling quick order management and providing a way for users to record and submit a complete credit application for their clients.

**<u>Link™</u>**

Link is a purpose-built platform designed for brokers, lenders, dealers and borrowers to work seamlessly together. With tailored solutions that simplify applications and automate key processes, Link<sup>TM</sup> is designed to enhance customer relationships whilst making compliance effortless. This results in faster approvals, enriched customer experiences and stronger loyalty via elevated customer satisfaction.

**Intermediary portals:**

**<u>Broker portals</u>**

Efficiency and effectiveness are paramount for any broker. Managing disparate systems and processes can be cumbersome and time-consuming, often leading to inefficiencies and missed opportunities. NETSOL offers a solution to these challenges by consolidating disparate processes into a single unified interface, revolutionizing the way a brokerage operates.

**<u>Lender portals</u>**

NETSOL's lender-specific portals are designed to transform the lending process by enhancing risk management and driving profitability. Our advanced tools not only streamline loan origination but also facilitate seamless communication and collaboration with the lending ecosystem. We empower a company's lending process with intuitive and efficient lender portals designed for a seamless user experience.

**<u>Dealer portals</u>**

In the competitive automotive industry, dealers need efficient and comprehensive solutions to manage their operations effectively. NETSOL's intermediary portals serve as digital command centers, providing dealers with a wide array of tools, resources and services to optimize every aspect of their business, from inventory management to sales and marketing.

**Transcend™ Consultancy**

Empowering businesses with Transcend™ Consulting Services, we offer expert guidance across critical areas like information security, data engineering and cloud services. Our team partners with businesses to create tailored solutions that drive innovation, efficiency and growth.

**Transcend™ AI Labs**

We are leading AI-driven innovation with our Transcend™ AI Labs, integrating advanced AI services into our product suite to solve the unique challenges of BFSI, equipment and auto OEMs and dealerships. Our tailored solutions drive industry-specific advancements, helping companies stay ahead in a competitive market.

**IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS**

The implementation process of our technology can span up to fifteen months depending upon the methodology, complexity and scope. The implementation process may also include related software services such as configuration, data migration, training, gaps development and any other additional third-party interfaces. Even after implementation, customers regularly seek enhancements and additions to improve their business processes and have changing requirements addressed at mutually agreed rates.

Post implementation, our consultants may remain at the client site to assist the customer with smooth operations. After this phase, the regular maintenance and support services phase for the implemented technology begins in exchange for agreed subscriptions or support fees. In addition to the daily rate paid by the customer for each consultant engaged, the customer also pays for all visa and transportation-related expenses, boarding of the consultants and a living allowance. Our involvement in all the above steps is suitably priced to bring value to our customers and increase our profitability.

Cloud-enabled solutions are offered via seamless and rapid deployments. The swift speed of implementation for our cloud-ready products enables businesses to be more responsive and attain a competitive advantage. For example, certain API-first, SaaS products of ours via Transcend<sup>TM</sup> Marketplace can be integrated into a customer's ecosystem within mere minutes.

**PRICING AND REVENUE STREAMS**

Our revenue streams are the outcome of the following four main areas:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;■ Product licensing

■ Subscription-based pricing

■ Implementation and customization-related
 services

■ Post implementation, support-related
 services

License fees can range up to a multi-million-dollar fee for single or multiple module implementations. License revenue is realized with traditional, non-SaaS-based agreements, whereas SaaS-based agreements do not contain license fees and are offered via flexible, value-driven, subscription-based pricing. There are various attributes which determine the level of pricing complexity, a few of which are: number of contracts, size of the portfolio, IT budgets, business strategy of the customer, internal business processes followed by the customer, number of business users, amount of customization required, the complexity of data migration and branch network of the customer.

We recognize revenue from license contracts when the software has been delivered to the customer. Implementation-related services, including customization, configuration, data migration, training and third-party interfaces are recognized as the services are performed. Post-implementation support services are then provided on a continued basis. The annual support fee, typically an agreed upon percentage of overall monetary value of the license, then becomes an ongoing revenue stream realized yearly. Revenue from software services includes fixed price and time, and materials-based contracts and is recognized as the services are performed.

In order to avoid lumpiness in our revenues and to ensure a predictable revenue base over coming years, the business has shifted to a pricing strategy whereby the business offers its cloud-ready products at SaaS/subscription-based pricing models. Rapid deployments coupled with affordable prices/payment schedules is expected to lead the business towards volume-based selling. Moreover, this value-driven pricing plan is intended to decrease the initial buy-in cost for new customers by eliminating heavy license fees, reducing the sales cycles and providing an alternative to current customers seeking lower software usage and maintenance costs.

**MARKETING AND SELLING** 

Our global marketing activities aim to establish and maintain a strong preference and loyalty for NETSOL and its offerings. Marketing activities are conducted both at the global and regional levels. The Global Marketing department oversees all communication, advertising, public relations and manages all digital platforms, including the Company's website, social media channels and partnerships within the industry.

As part of our lead-generation activities, our regional representatives represent NETSOL as the Company sponsors, exhibits at, and attends annual industry-leading conferences, conventions, seminars, summits and other events. The company maintains its presence at these events to demonstrate our product and service offerings and for important networking purposes. NETSOL also takes part in webinars, podcasts and holds private briefings with associations and individual companies.

**GROWTH PROSPECTS** 

We are eyeing key international markets for growth in sales for NETSOL's Transcend™ Platform. Our sales strategy not only focuses on expansion into new geographic markets, but within existing markets into new verticals with targeting of Tier 2 and Tier 3 prospects as well.

Growth in North America and Europe is expected to come from the potential market for replacement of legacy systems as well as acquisition of new customers. Our finance and leasing platform Transcend™ Finance is aimed at providing a highly flexible and robust solution based on the latest technology and advanced architecture for North American and European customers looking to replace their legacy systems. We believe that the product can provide substantial competitive disruption to the market's lagging technology provided by incumbent vendors. The existing customer base may also represent latent demand for increased service and support revenues by offering business process optimization, customization and upgrade services. With a market-ready product with successful implementations, the prospects for Transcend™ Finance in the regions are positive.

Further traction in North America and Europe will come from Transcend™ Finance deployed on the cloud, which will continue to allow catering to not only larger organizations, but also small and medium sized companies. Currently, in the United Kingdom, a number of banks and other financial institutions are utilizing our Transcend™ Marketplace solutions offered via subscription-based pricing and swift deployments.

Our product strategy has grown significantly in recent years, which includes the recent launch of our broker and lender portals, which marks a key step forward in delivering more value to our partners.

Growth in our traditionally strong base in Asia Pacific is expected through diversification across market segments to include new customers in related banking and commercial lending areas. At the same time, the existing customer base is tapped for increased service and support revenues by offering enhanced features and new solutions to emerging customer needs. In addition, there is also potential for Transcend™ Finance in Asia Pacific in the form of existing customers who are looking for replacement of their current system. In China, we are a leader in the auto finance enterprise solution domain. We will continue strengthening our position within existing multinational auto manufacturers, as well as local Chinese captive finance and leasing companies. It is pertinent to mention that these Chinese automakers and finance companies are growing rapidly outside of the country and that our solutions assist them in this growth. Our sales strategy focuses on supporting Chinese manufacturers in expanding their presence in the EU and other regions of APAC.

We believe our digital retail platform presents significant growth opportunities in the evolving digital marketplace. Transcend™ Retail is currently used by major customers in the United States, including some of the largest and most recognized dealership networks. We foresee further adoption of the platform in the region. Our digital retail solution transforms how OEMs, dealer groups and dealerships sell, finance and deliver cars, enabling them to provide personalized, fast and transparent car-buying experiences across all digital and in-store touchpoints.

Beyond our products, we also anticipate demand for our services that empower our clients to excel in the competitive global economy. Through Transcend™ Consultancy, we offer expertise across critical areas such as information security, data engineering and cloud services, helping businesses design tailored solutions for innovation and growth.

**THE MARKETS** 

We deliver our comprehensive suite of technology solutions and services across major markets worldwide, positioning ourselves as a leading provider in the financial services, and particularly, the global asset finance and leasing sector. Leveraging our extensive global footprint, we offer scalable and innovative solutions tailored to meet the unique needs of clients in diverse geographic regions. Our strategic presence in key markets enables us to effectively address local regulations and market dynamics, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction and fostering long-term partnerships.

**PEOPLE AND CULTURE** 

We believe that our growth and success are attributable in large part to the high caliber of our global team and our commitment to maintain the values on which our success has been based. We support gender diversity on a global basis. We are an equal opportunity employer with a large workforce of approximately 1460 employees, promoting a culture of diversity and inclusion.

NETSOL stands as a beacon of innovation, excellence and dedication to customer success. We value transparency and integrity, ensuring that honesty guides our interactions. We are renowned for innovation, expertise and a customer-centric approach.

We believe we should give back to the community and our employees as much as possible. Certain subsidiaries are located in regions where basic services are not readily available. Where possible, we act to not only improve the quality of life of our employees, but also the standard of living in these regions. Examples of such programs are as follows:

**Literacy program:** Launched to educate children of our support staff, the main objective of this program is to enable them to acquire basic reading, writing and arithmetic skills.

**Higher education and science and research institutions:** In order to support higher education in Pakistan, we have contributed endowments to NUST, Forman Christian College and a few other universities who are focused on science and engineering.

**Noble cause fund:** A noble cause fund has been established to meet medical and education expenses of the children of our support staff. Our employees voluntarily contribute a fixed amount every month to the fund and NETSOL matches the employee subscriptions with an equivalent contribution amount. A portion of this fund is also utilized to support social needs of certain institutions and individuals outside of NETSOL.

**Preventative health care program:** In addition to the comprehensive outpatient and in-patient medical benefits, preventive health care has also been introduced. This phased program focuses on vaccination of our employees against such diseases as Hepatitis – A/B, Tetanus, Typhoid, Flu and COVID-19 on a routine basis.

There is significant competition for employees with the skills required to perform the services we offer. We run an elaborate training program for different cadres of employees to cover technical skills and business domain knowledge alongside communication, management and leadership skills. We believe we have been successful in our efforts to attract and retain the highest level of talent available, partly because of our emphasis on core values, training and professional growth. We intend to continue to recruit, hire and promote employees who share our vision.

**COMPETITION** 

A number of companies offer products and services that overlap and are competitive with those offered by us. Some of NETSOL's main competitors for its finance and leasing technology include Alfa, Constellation Financial Software, FIS Global, LTI Technology Solutions, Odessa, Solifi, Soft4 and Sopra Banking Software. The Company's competitors for digital retail include Tekion and CDK Global. Most of our major competitors are based in North America and Europe, with a smaller presence in APAC and the Middle East.

**CUSTOMERS**

NETSOL's solutions and services cater to a broad spectrum of finance and leasing businesses, from automotive captive finance companies to equipment finance and leasing companies to large regional banks, as well as its customers for digital retail, including OEMs, dealer groups and dealerships.

A number of NETSOL's customers include world renowned auto manufacturers through their finance arms. NETSOL is a strategic business partner for Daimler and BMW (which consists of a group of many companies in different countries), which accounts for approximately 19.1% and 16.1%, respectively, of our revenue for our fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. Other globally renowned auto captives that are customers of the company include Toyota, Nissan, Ford and FIAT.

Other customers include equipment finance and leasing companies, banks and other financial institutions worldwide. Some of these clients include MINI Financial Services, BMO, Bank of Hawaii, First Hawaiian Leasing, Genpact, SCI Lease Corp, Aldermore, Investec, Close Brothers, Haydock Finance, Charles and Dean, Maple Commercial Finance, among many others.

Information regarding financial data by geographic areas is set forth in Item 7 and Item 8 of this Annual Report on form 10-K. See note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8.

**INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY** 

NETSOL relies upon a combination of non-disclosure and other contractual arrangements, as well as common law trade secret, copyright and trademark laws to protect its proprietary rights. NETSOL enters into confidentiality agreements with its employees, generally requires its consultants and clients to enter into these agreements, and limits access to and distribution of its proprietary information. The NETSOL "N" logo and name has been copyrighted and trademark registered in Pakistan. The NETSOL "N" logo has been registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. NFS Ascent® has been registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. OTOZ<sup>®</sup> was registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The Company intends to trademark and copyright its intellectual property as necessary and in the appropriate jurisdictions.

**GOVERNMENTAL APPROVAL AND REGULATION** 

Current Company operations do not require specific governmental approvals. Like all companies, including those with multinational subsidiaries, we are subject to the laws of the countries in which we maintain subsidiaries and conduct operations. Governments in which our subsidiaries are located, including our largest subsidiary in Pakistan, may require approval for the repatriation of investments.

**AVAILABLE INFORMATION**

Our website is located at <u>https://netsoltech.com/</u> and our investor relations website is located at <u>https://ir.netsoltech.com</u>. The following filings are available through our investor relations website after we file with the SEC: Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Proxy Statements for our annual meetings of stockholders. These filings are also available for download free of charge on our investor relations website. We also provide a link to the section of the SEC's website at <u>www.sec.gov</u> that has all of our public filings, including Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, all amendments to those reports, our Proxy Statements and other ownership related filings. Further, a copy of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is located at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

We webcast our earnings calls and certain events we participate in or host with members of the investment community on our investor relations website. Additionally, we provide notifications of news or announcements regarding our financial performance, including SEC filings, investor events, press and earnings releases, and blogs as part of our investor relations website. Investors and others can receive notifications of new information posted on our investor relations website by signing up for e-mail alerts. Further corporate governance information, including our committee charters and code of conduct, is also available on our investor relations website at <u>https://netsoltech.com/about-us/csr.</u> The content of our websites is not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file with the SEC and any references to our websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

**ITEM 1A - RISK FACTORS**

***Pakistan***

 ****

The political and economic environment in Pakistan may negatively affect our business.

Despite a recent general election, the government remains unstable. The political unsteadiness delays governmental functions. If such unsteadiness continues in the long term, it could result in difficulty in necessary interactions with the government as it relates to government contracts and personnel access to necessary government functions. While there is no guarantee, we anticipate that the new government policies may lead to macroeconomic stability.

While the devaluation of the Pakistan Rupee in comparison to the US Dollar has stabilized, the higher-than-average inflation rate in Pakistan may continue to negatively impact our largest subsidiary and accordingly the Company's financials as a whole.

***General Economic Conditions***

 ****

General economic conditions in our geographic markets; inflation, geopolitical tensions, including trade wars, tariffs and/or sanctions in geographic areas; and global conflicts or disasters that impact the global economy or one or more sectors of the global economy have negative impacts on our ability to acquire new business to and deliver on new business when contracted.

Inflation and higher interest rates globally have greatly increased the cost of doing business, including salaries and benefits worldwide, affecting our profitability. If inflation does not stabilize, our profitability can be impacted.

**ITEM 1B – UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS**

None

**ITEM 1C – CYBERSECURITY**

**Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy**

We face various cyber risks, including, but not limited to, risks related to unauthorized access, misuse, customer data theft, computer viruses, system disruptions, ransomware, malicious software and other intrusions. We utilize a multilayered, proactive approach to identify, evaluate, mitigate and prevent potential cyber and information security threats through our cybersecurity risk management program 24/7. Our cybersecurity risk management program is designed to identify, assess, prioritize and mitigate risks across the organization to enhance our resilience and support the achievement of our strategic objectives. This integrated approach helps ensure that cyber risks are not viewed in isolation, but are assessed, prioritized and managed in alignment with the Company's operational, financial and strategic risks, assisting the Company in more effectively managing interdependencies among risks and enhancing risk mitigation strategies.

We devote resources to protecting the security of our computer systems, software, networks and other technology assets. Our efforts are designed to adapt to the evolution of information security risks and appropriate best practices and include physical, administrative and technical safeguards. Our cybersecurity risk management program is designed to help coordinate the Company's identification of response to and recovery from cybersecurity incidents across all consolidated entities. This includes rapid identification, assessment, investigation and remediation of incidents, as well as complying with applicable legal obligations, communicated promptly and effectively.

Our internal audit team assesses regularly the effectiveness of our internal controls relating to cybersecurity and updates as necessary. Our management team also engages, at times when needed, certain outside advisors and consultants to assist in the identification, oversight, evaluation and management of cybersecurity risks, as well as to advise on specific topics. As part of our overall risk mitigation strategy, the Company also maintains cyber insurance coverage; however, such insurance may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to security breaches, cyberattacks and other related breaches.

We have various processes and procedures in place to evaluate cybersecurity threats associated with third parties. We have not identified any cybersecurity threats that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, performance, results of our operations, or financial condition.

**Cybersecurity Governance and Oversight**

The Company's cybersecurity risk management program is supervised by our Senior Manager of Information Security (SMIS), who reports directly to the Company's Chief Operating Officer ("COO") in Pakistan. The SMIS and his team are responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, architecture and processes. Our current SMIS received his bachelor's in computer sciences and has over 20 years of cybersecurity experience, including relevant prior senior leadership experience at our Company. Furthermore, he has also achieved globally recognized information security certifications, including CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional), CISA (Certified Information Systems Auditor), CISM (Certified Information Security Manager), CRISC (Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control), CompTIA Security+, ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker), CHFI (Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator), among others.

The SMIS attends and is invited to all Company Cybersecurity Committee meetings, a cross-functional management committee that drives awareness, ownership and alignment across broad governance for effective cybersecurity risk management. The Cybersecurity Committee is composed of senior leaders from our legal, information technology, cybersecurity, and audit sections. Subject matter experts are also invited, as appropriate. The Cybersecurity Committee meets at least quarterly and has responsibility for oversight and validation of the Company's cybersecurity strategic direction, risks and threats, priorities, and resource allocation. The SMIS and his team, as well as the Cybersecurity Committee, are informed about and monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents in accordance with the Company's cyber incident response plan.

The Board of Directors receives regular reports from the SMIS and Cybersecurity Committee on, among other things, the Company's cyber risks and threats, the status of projects to strengths of the Company's information security systems, assessments of the Company's security program, insurance, and the emerging threat landscape. In accordance with our cyber incident response plan, the Cybersecurity committee s promptly informed by SMIS's team of cybersecurity incidents that could adversely affect the Company or its information systems and is also regularly updated about incidents with less impact potential. The Board of Directors and Audit committee are informed of any incidents that could adversely affect the Company by the Cybersecurity committee and SMIS's team.

In an effort to detect and defend against cyber threats, the Company annually, and, periodically as needed, provides its employees with various cybersecurity and data protection training programs. These programs cover timely and relevant topics, including social engineering, phishing, password protection, confidential data protection, asset use and mobile security, and educate employees on the importance of reporting all incidents promptly to the Company's centrally managed cyber defense and security operations.

**ITEM 2 - PROPERTIES** 

Our corporate headquarters are located in Encino, California where we lease approximately 2,400 square feet of office space. We own our Lahore Technology Campus which consists of approximately 140,000 square feet of computer and general office space. This includes two adjacent five story buildings having a covered area of approximately 90,000 square feet with the capacity to house approximately 1,000 resources. In addition, we maintain leased office spaces in the UK, China, Australia, Thailand and a shared office in Indonesia. Our NTA office is located in Austin, Texas. We believe our existing facilities, both owned and leased, are in good condition and suitable for the conduct of our business.

**ITEM 3 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS** 

None

**ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES** 

Not applicable.

**PART II**

**ITEM 5 - MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITY** 

(a) MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

MARKET INFORMATION - Common stock of NetSol Technologies, Inc. is listed and traded on NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol "NTWK".

The table shows the high and low intra-day prices of the Company's common stock as reported on the composite tape of the NASDAQ for each quarter during the last two fiscal years.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Fiscal Year 2025 | High | Low |
| First Quarter | $3.10 | $2.54 |
| Second Quarter | $3.34 | $2.48 |
| Third Quarter | $2.78 | $2.31 |
| Fourth Quarter | $3.18 | $2.14 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Fiscal Year 2024 | High | Low |
| First Quarter | $2.50 | $1.72 |
| Second Quarter | $2.35 | $1.75 |
| Third Quarter | $3.05 | $1.99 |
| Fourth Quarter | $3.01 | $2.28 |

---

RECORD HOLDERS - As of September 18, 2025, the number of holders of record of the Company's common stock was 124.

DIVIDENDS - The Company has not paid dividends on its Common Stock in the past two fiscal years.

SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN

The table shows information related to our equity compensation plans as of June 30, 2025:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Number of <br>securities to <br>be issued <br>upon <br>exercise of <br>outstanding <br>options, <br>warrants <br>and rights | Weighted average <br>exercise price of <br>outstanding <br>options, warrants <br>and rights | Number of securities <br>remaining <br>available for <br>future issuance <br>under equity <br>compensation <br>plans <br>(excluding <br>securities <br>reflected in <br>column (a) | Number of securities <br>remaining <br>available for <br>future issuance <br>under equity <br>compensation <br>plans <br>(excluding <br>securities <br>reflected in <br>column (a) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Equity Compensation <br>Plans approved by <br>Security holders | 50000 | $2.94 | 998109 | (1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Equity Compensation <br>Plans not approved by <br>Security holders |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | 50000 | $2.94 | 998109 |  |

---

 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) Represents
 998,109 available for issuance under the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan.

(b) RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES

None.

(c) ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

None

**ITEM 6 – [Reserved]**

**ITEM 7- MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS** 

The following discussion is intended to assist in understanding our financial position and results of operations for the year ended June 30, 2025. It should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Listed below are a few of NetSol's highlights for the Year ended June 30, 2025:

● We signed a multi-year agreement with the captive finance arm of a leading Japanese automotive manufacturer to implement its flagship Transcend™ Finance platform across both retail and wholesale operations in Australia and New Zealand. The agreement, structured with a five-year total cost of ownership of approximately $21 million, reflects the client's strategic commitment to deploying a unified, next-generation solution. The platform implementation is aimed at driving enterprise-wide operational efficiencies, supporting digital transformation objectives, and enhancing long-term scalability and regulatory readiness across the Australia/New Zealand finance ecosystem.

● We successfully executed a binding, multi-year maintenance and technical upgrade agreement with the captive finance arm of a leading Japanese automotive manufacturer. The agreement, with a total cost of ownership exceeding $4 million, governs the upgrade and extended support of the client's retail finance platform through 2027. The scope includes comprehensive system upgrades, implementation of enhanced security protocols, performance optimization, and full-cycle testing.

● We broadened our revenue base and expanded our managed service portfolio by securing three new client engagements covering audit, business process outsourcing (BPO), and standby services. One of these clients is already live on our redesigned standby platform. Collectively, these contracts are expected to contribute nearly $400,000 in incremental revenues over their respective terms, pursuant to the terms and service levels defined in each executed agreement.

● We formalized an agreement with the captive finance division of a prominent North American automotive retailer to conduct a structured discovery and assessment phase. This engagement, projected to generate approximately $800,000 in revenue, is aimed at evaluating current platform capabilities, identifying custom development opportunities, and defining the scope for a future technology solution. The outcome of this phase will inform a potential omnichannel transformation strategy focused on enhancing customer experience and operational efficiency.

● We have generated approximately $6.1 million in revenue through the successful implementation of client-approved platform modifications and enhancement requests. These initiatives were executed across multiple regional markets in accordance with the terms of individual service orders, ensuring continuity, improved performance, and alignment with evolving business needs.

● We entered into an agreement with a Chinese leasing company to deploy our Transcend™ Finance Suite, including Omni POS, Contract Management System, and a customized funding platform compliant with local regulations. The contract is expected to generate approximately $2.7 million in revenue during the contract term.

● We partnered with Sindbad Management SPC to implement Transcend™ Finance Platform (Point-of-Sale, Credit Underwriting, Contract Management) under a scalable pricing model, supporting high-value asset financing and regional growth. The contract is expected to generate $1.7 million in revenue during the contract term.

● We secured $1 million in additional revenue for the ongoing Transcend™ Retail Platform implementation for a U.S. auto manufacturer, driven by customizations to meet their evolving business needs.

● We amended an agreement with an existing UK/EU client that will provide additional revenue of €3 million, further strengthening the long-term partnership.

● We hired a Vice President of Artificial Intelligence, who has 15+ years in fintech, insurance, and entertainment, to lead Transcend™ AI Labs, accelerating our AI-first strategy in asset finance.

● We announced the go-live of our Transcend™ Finance platform for the Australian operations of a leading Japanese equipment finance company, building on our existing partnership in New Zealand and enhancing their regional operations with additional digital self-service solutions.

**Marketing and Business Development Activities**

We continue to pursue a series of strategic marketing and business development initiatives to capitalize on favorable market conditions and drive growth across our business lines. These efforts reflect our commitment to building a stronger market presence, expanding our customer base and maintaining a careful focus on profitability. These efforts include: repositioning our brand and messaging; brand strengthening and awareness; raising industry expertise through speaking engagements and participation in awards and recognitions; accelerating digital campaigns focused on content marketing; leveraging analytics and marketing automation tools to improve campaign effectiveness and optimize marketing return on investment; creating comprehensive go-to-market plans for new launches and feature upgrades; customer centric sales enablement; targeting new global and product markets; using AI to enhance productivity; expanding market reach through participation in industry associations; and, adopting practices that strengthen leadership and talent retention.

MATERIAL TRENDS AFFECTING NETSOL

Management has identified the following material trends affecting NETSOL.

Positive trends:

● According to S&P Global Mobility, the forecast for new vehicle sales worldwide in 2025 is 89.6 million units, which is a modest 1.7% year-over-year growth in light vehicle sales. And the US automotive sales of new vehicles in 2025 are expected to be around 16.2 million units, which is a 1.2% to 1.4% increase from 2024. This would be the highest annual sales figure since 2019.

● The annual inflation rate remained steady for the U.S. at 2.7% for the 12 months ending July 2025. (USinflationcalculator.com)

● According to recent forecasts, China's auto sales in 2025 are expected to reach approximately 32.9 million units representing a 4.7% year-over-year increase. Sales of New Energy Vehicles account of 48.7% of all new car sales in China. (China Automobile Manufacturers Association)

● The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) investment, initiated by China, has exceeded $65 billion from the originally planned $46 billion, in Pakistan's energy and infrastructure sectors. In June 2024, China authorized a new $2.3 billion loan at a discounted rate to Pakistan as a short-term loan.

● The overall size of the mobility market in Europe and the United States is projected to increase over $425 billion combined, by 2035 or a compound CAGR of 5% from 2022. (Deloitte Global Automotive Mobility Market Simulation Tool)

● The global automotive finance market accounted for $378,957 billion in 2024 and is expected to increase to $798,657 billion by 2035 at a CAGR of 7.7% according to Global Growth Insights.

Negative trends:

● The conflict in Gaza has disrupted the entire Middle East region since October 7, 2023. The conflict has expanded to neighboring nations such as Syria, Lebanon, and Iran. The unrest and turmoil in the region are viewed unfavorably by the regional business community.

● General economic conditions in our geographic markets; inflation, economic uncertainty, and increased operational costs are pressuring margins and leading companies to prioritize critical investment and control spending.

● SaaS cybersecurity faces unprecedented challenges as companies increasingly migrate critical functions to cloud platforms. Proliferation of AI tools within these platforms has created additional attack vectors that require specialized security approaches beyond legacy protections. (JOSYS.COM)

● The imposition of tariffs on China and on other US trading partners may affect the price of consumer goods including vehicles amongst others, negatively affecting the profitability of many of our customers.

**CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES**

Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management's application of accounting policies. Critical accounting policies for us include revenue recognition and multiple element arrangements, intangible assets, software development costs, and goodwill.

**REVENUE RECOGNITION**

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

● Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

● Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

● Determination of the transaction price;

● Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

● Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company records the amount of revenue and related costs by considering whether the entity is a principal (gross presentation) or an agent (net presentation) by evaluating the nature of its promise to the customer. Revenue is presented net of sales, value-added and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities.

The Company has two primary revenue streams: core revenue and non-core revenue.

**Core Revenue**

The Company generates its core revenue from the following sources: (1) software licenses; (2) services, which include implementation and consulting services; and (3) subscription and support, which includes post contract support, of its enterprise software solutions for the lease and finance industry. The Company offers its software using the same underlying technology via a traditional on-premises licensing model and a subscription model. The on-premises model involves the sale or license of software on a perpetual basis to customers who take possession of the software and install and maintain the software on their own hardware. Under the subscription delivery model, the Company provides access to its software on a hosted basis as a service and customers generally do not have the contractual right to take possession of the software.

**Non-Core Revenue**

The Company generates its non-core revenue by providing business process outsourcing ("BPO"), other IT services and internet services.

**Performance Obligations**

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account under Topic 606. The transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised good or service to the customer. The Company identifies and tracks the performance obligations at contract inception so that the Company can monitor and account for the performance obligations over the life of the contract.

The Company's contracts which contain multiple performance obligations generally consist of the initial purchase of subscription or licenses and a professional services engagement. License purchases generally have multiple performance obligations as customers purchase post-contract support and services in addition to the licenses. The Company's single performance obligation arrangements are typically post-contract support renewals, subscription renewals and services engagements.

For contracts with multiple performance obligations where the contracted price differs from the standard-alone selling price ("SSP") for any distinct good or service, the Company may be required to allocate the contract's transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate for the SSP.

*Subscription*

Subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the initial subscription period committed to by the customer commencing when the product is made available to the customer. The initial subscription period is typically 12 to 60 months. The Company generally invoices its customers in advance in quarterly or annual installments and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

*Software Licenses*

Transfer of control for software is considered to have occurred upon delivery of the product to the customer. The Company's typical payment terms tend to vary by region, but its standard payment terms are within 30 days of invoice.

 

*Post Contract Support*

Revenue from support services and product updates, referred to as subscription and support revenue, is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance period, which in most instances is one year. Software license updates provide customers with rights to unspecified software product updates, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period on a when-and-if available basis. The Company's customers purchase both product support and license updates when they acquire new software licenses. In addition, a majority of customers renew their support services contracts annually and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

*Professional Services*

Revenue from professional services is typically comprised of implementation, development, data migration, training or other consulting services. Consulting services are generally sold on a time-and-materials or fixed fee basis and can include services ranging from software installation to data conversion and building non-complex interfaces to allow the software to operate in integrated environments. The Company recognizes revenue for time-and-materials arrangements as the services are performed. In fixed fee arrangements, revenue is recognized as services are performed as measured by costs incurred to date, compared to total estimated costs to complete the services project. Management applies judgment when estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete the services projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization and efficiency variances and specification and testing requirement changes. Services are generally invoiced upon milestones in the contract or upon consumption of the hourly resources and payments are typically due 30 days after invoice.

 

*BPO and Internet Services*

Revenue from BPO services is recognized based on the stage of completion which is measured by reference to labor hours incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated labor hours for each contract. Internet services are invoiced either monthly, quarterly or half yearly in advance to the customers and revenue is recognized ratably overtime on a monthly basis.

**Significant Judgments**

More judgments and estimates are required under Topic 606 than were required under Topic 605. Due to the complexity of certain contracts, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under Topic 606 for the Company's arrangements may be dependent on contract-specific terms and may vary in some instances.

Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company rarely licenses or sells products on a stand-alone basis, so the Company is required to estimate the range of SSPs for each performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable because the Company does not sell the license, product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. In making these judgments, the Company analyzes various factors, including its pricing methodology and consistency, size of the arrangement, length of term, customer demographics and overall market and economic conditions. Based on these results, the estimated SSP is set for each distinct product or service delivered to customers.

The most significant inputs involved in the Company's revenue recognition policies are: The (1) stand-alone selling prices of the Company's software license, and (2) the method of recognizing revenue for installation/customization, and other services.

The stand-alone selling price of the licenses was measured primarily through an analysis of pricing that management evaluated when quoting prices to customers. Although the Company has no history of selling its software separately from post-contract support and other services, the Company does have historical experience with amending contracts with customers to provide additional modules of its software or providing those modules at an optional price. This information guides the Company in assessing the stand-alone selling price of the Company's software, since the Company can observe instances where a customer had a particular component of the Company's software that was essentially priced separate from other goods and services that the Company delivered to that customer.

The Company recognizes revenue from implementation and customization services using the percentage of estimated "man-days" that the work requires. The Company believes the level of effort to complete the services is best measured by the amount of time (measured as an employee working for one day on implementation/customization work) that is required to complete the implementation or customization work. The Company reviews its estimate of man-days required to complete implementation and customization services each reporting period.

Revenue is recognized over time for the Company's subscription, post contract support and fixed fee professional services that are separate performance obligations. For the Company's professional services, revenue is recognized over time, generally using costs incurred or hours expended to measure progress. Judgment is required in estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization, specification variances and testing requirement changes.

If a group of agreements are entered at or near the same time and so closely related that they are, in effect, part of a single arrangement, such agreements are deemed to be combined as one arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. The Company exercises significant judgment to evaluate the relevant facts and circumstances in determining whether agreements should be accounted for separately or as a single arrangement. The Company's judgments about whether a group of contracts comprise a single arrangement can affect the allocation of consideration to the distinct performance obligations, which could have an effect on results of operations for the periods involved.

If a contract includes variable consideration, the Company exercises judgment in estimating the amount of consideration to which the entity will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to a customer. When estimating variable consideration, the Company will consider all relevant facts and circumstances. Variable consideration will be estimated and included in the contract price only when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognized will not occur.

**Contract Balances** 

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers and these timing differences result in receivables, contract assets (revenues in excess of billings), or contract liabilities (unearned revenue) on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company records revenues in excess of billings when the Company has transferred goods or services but does not yet have the right to consideration. The Company records unearned revenue when the Company has received or has the right to receive consideration but has not yet transferred goods or services to the customer.

**Unearned Revenue**

The Company typically invoices its customers for subscription and support fees in advance on a quarterly or annual basis, with payment due at the start of the subscription or support term. Unpaid invoice amounts for non-cancellable license and services starting in future periods are included in accounts receivable and unearned revenue.

**Practical Expedients and Exemptions**

There are several practical expedients and exemptions allowed under Topic 606 that impact timing of revenue recognition and the Company's disclosures. The Company has applied the following practical expedients:

● The Company does not evaluate a contract for a significant financing component if payment is expected within one year or less from the transfer of the promised items to the customer.

● The Company generally expenses sales commissions and sales agent fees when incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less or the commissions are based on cash received. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

● The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed (applies to time-and-material engagements).

**Costs to Obtain a Contract**

The Company does not have a material amount of costs to obtain a contract capitalized at any balance sheet date. In general, we incur few direct incremental costs of obtaining new customer contracts. We rarely incur incremental costs to review or otherwise enter into contractual arrangements with customers. In addition, our sales personnel receive fees that we refer to as commissions, but that are based on more than simply signing up new customers. Our sales personnel are required to perform additional duties beyond new customer contract inception dates, including fulfillment duties and collections efforts.

***STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION***

Our stock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the award's fair value as calculated by the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) option pricing model and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. The BSM model requires various highly judgmental assumptions including expected volatility and expected term. If any of the assumptions used in the BSM model changes significantly, stock-based compensation expense may differ materially in the future from that recorded in the current period. The Company recognizes compensation expense net of actual forfeitures as they occur. Accordingly, no estimate is made for the future forfeitures at the time of grant.

 ****

**GOODWILL**

Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a purchase business combination. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. In conducting its annual impairment test, the Company first reviews qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If factors indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company performs a quantitative assessment, and the fair value of the reporting unit is determined by analyzing the expected present value of future cash flows. If the carrying value of the reporting unit continues to exceed its fair value, the fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is calculated and an impairment loss equal to the excess is recorded.

**Recent Accounting Pronouncement**

See Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption.

**RESULTS OF OPERATIONS** 

**THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2025 COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2024** 

The following table sets forth the items in our consolidated statement of operations for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 as a percentage of revenues.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | % | 2024 | % |
| **Net Revenues:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;License fees | $598633 | 0.9% | $5449991 | 8.9% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subscription and support | 32934648 | 49.8% | 27952768 | 45.5% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 32554948 | 49.3% | 27990332 | 45.6% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total net revenues | 66088229 | 100.0% | 61393091 | 100.0% |
| **Cost of revenues** | 33513697 | 50.7% | 32108221 | 52.3% |
| **Gross profit** | 32574532 | 49.3% | 29284870 | 47.7% |
| **Operating expenses:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling, general and administrative | 27796936 | 42.1% | 24388714 | 39.7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development cost | 1275878 | 1.9% | 1402601 | 2.3% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 29072814 | 44.0% | 25791315 | 42.0% |
| **Income (loss) from operations** | 3501718 | 5.3% | 3493555 | 5.7% |
| **Other income and (expenses)** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | (871355) | -1.3% | (1142166) | -1.9% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income | 1871040 | 2.8% | 1911258 | 3.1% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange transactions | 1301613 | 2.0% | (1187320) | -1.9% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income | 244241 | 0.4% | 148120 | 0.2% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other income (expenses) | 2545539 | 3.9% | (270108) | -0.4% |
| **Net income before income taxes** | 6047257 | 9.2% | 3223447 | 5.3% |
| **Income tax provision** | (1476338) | -2.2% | (1145518) | -1.9% |
| **Net income** | 4570919 | 6.9% | 2077929 | 3.4% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Non-controlling interest** | (1647686) | -2.5% | (1394056) | -2.3% |
| **Net income attributable to NetSol** | $2923233 | 4.4% | $683873 | 1.1% |
| **Net income per share:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income per common share |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $0.25 |  | $0.06 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $0.25 |  | $0.06 |  |
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 11576287 |  | 11378595 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 11576287 |  | 11421940 |  |

---

A significant portion of our business is conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We operate in several geographical regions as described in Note 17 "Segment Information and Geographic Areas" within the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Weakening of the value of the U.S. dollar compared to foreign currency exchange rates generally has the effect of increasing our revenues but also increasing our expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Similarly, strengthening of the U.S. dollar compared to foreign currency exchange rates generally has the effect of reducing our revenues but also reducing our expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. We plan our business accordingly by deploying additional resources to areas of expansion, while continuing to monitor our overall expenditures given the economic uncertainties of our target markets. In order to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed excluding the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, we compare the changes in results from one period to another period using constant currency. In order to calculate our constant currency results, we apply the current period results to the prior period foreign currency exchange rates. In the table below, we present the change based on actual results in reported currency and in constant currency.

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years | For the Years | | | | |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, | | | | |
|  | 2025 | % | 2024 |<br>% | Favorable<br>(Unfavorable)<br>Change in<br>Constant<br>Currency | Favorable<br>(Unfavorable)<br>Change due to<br>Currency<br>Fluctuation | Total<br>Favorable<br>(Unfavorable)<br>Change as<br>Reported |
| **Net Revenues:** | $66088229 | 100.0% | $61393091 | 100.0% | $4184791 | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 510347 | $4695138 |
| **Cost of revenues:** | 33513697 | 50.7% | 32108221 | 52.3% | (1007408) | (398068) | (1405476) |
| **Gross profit** | 32574532 | 49.3% | 29284870 | 47.7% | 3177383 | 112279 | 3289662 |
| **Operating expenses:** | 29072814 | 44.0% | 25791315 | 42.0% | (3452110) | 170611 | (3281499) |
| **Income (loss) from operations** | $3501718 | 5.3% | $3493555 | 5.7% | $(274727) | $282890 | $8163 |

---

Net revenues for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 by segment are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | 2024 |
|  | Revenue | % | Revenue | % |
| North America | $12003827 | 18.2% | $5933797 | 9.7% |
| Europe | 14644000 | 22.2% | 11967802 | 19.5% |
| Asia-Pacific | 39440402 | 59.7% | 43491492 | 70.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $66088229 | 100.0% | $61393091 | 100.0% |

---

*Revenues*

License Fees

License fees for the year ended June 30, 2025 were $598,633 compared to $5,449,991 for the year ended June 30, 2024 reflecting a decrease of $4,851,358 with a change in constant currency of $4,855,917. In the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, we recognized approximately $487,000 from a new customer in Indonesia. In the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, we recognized approximately $2,800,000 related to the sale of our NFS Ascent<sup>®</sup> CMS software to a renowned US auto manufacturer based in China, and we recognized approximately $1,142,000 related to the license renewal with an existing customer, and we recognized approximately $465,000 related to the additional sale of our NFS Ascent® CMS software to a renowned German auto manufacturer based in China, and we recognized approximately $610,000 related to selling licenses of our digital applications to a current Indonesian customer.

Subscription and Support

Subscription and support fees for the year ended June 30, 2025, were $32,934,648 compared to $27,952,768 for the year ended June 30, 2024 reflecting an increase of $4,981,880 with an increase in constant currency of $4,788,597. The increase includes a one-time catch up of approximately $1,693,000 from five of our customers. Subscription and support fees are recurring in nature, and we anticipate these fees to gradually increase as we increase our SaaS customer base and implement NFS Ascent<sup>®</sup>.

Services

Services income for the year ended June 30, 2025, was $32,554,948 compared to $27,990,332 for the year ended June 30, 2024, reflecting an increase of $4,564,616 with an increase in constant currency of $4,160,167. The increase is mainly due to implementation services in APAC, the U.S. and Europe.

*Gross Profit*

The gross profit was $32,574,532 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared with $29,284,870 for the year ended June 30, 2024. This is an increase of $3,289,662 with an increase in constant currency of $3,177,383. The gross profit percentage for the year ended June 30, 2025, increased to 49.3% from 47.7% for the year ended June 30, 2024. The cost of sales was $33,513,697 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to $32,108,221 for the year ended June 30, 2024, for an increase of $1,405,476 and on a constant currency basis an increase of $1,007,408. As a percentage of sales, cost of sales decreased from 52.3% for the year ended June 30, 2024, to 50.7% for the year ended June 30, 2025.

Salaries and consultant fees increased by $2,174,558 from $23,622,907 for the year ended June 30, 2024, to $25,797,465 for the year ended June 30, 2025, and on a constant currency basis increased by $1,869,462. The increase is due to annual increases in salary. As a percentage of sales, salaries and consultant expense increased from 38.5% for the year ended June 30, 2024, to 39.0% for the year ended June 30, 2025.

Travel decreased by $879,931 from $2,943,442 for the year ended June 30, 2024, to $2,063,511 for the year ended June 30, 2025, and on a constant currency basis decreased by $901,699. The decrease in travel expense is due to the decrease in travel for the current implementations. As a percentage of sales, travel expense decreased from 4.8% for year ended June 30, 2024, to 3.1% for the year ended June 30, 2025.

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased to $952,331 compared to $1,144,809 for the year ended June 30, 2024, or a decrease of $192,478 and on a constant currency basis a decrease of $202,630.

Other costs increased to $4,700,390 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to $4,397,063 for the year ended June 30, 2024, or an increase of $303,327 and on a constant currency basis an increase of $242,275. The increase is mainly due to increase in third party hardware costs of approximately $267,000.

 

*Operating Expenses*

Operating expenses were $29,072,814 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to $25,791,315, for the year ended June 30, 2024, for an increase of $3,281,499 and on a constant currency basis an increase of $3,452,110. As a percentage of sales, it increased from 42.0% to 44.0%. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to increases in selling expenses, general and administrative expenses and research and development costs.

Selling and marketing expenses increased by $2,742,951 and on a constant currency basis increased by $2,603,499. The increase is mainly due to increases in salaries of approximately $2,200,000, travel of approximately $257,000 and other selling expenses of approximately $288,000.

General and administrative expenses were $17,501,610 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to $16,836,339 at June 30, 2024, or an increase of $665,271, and on a constant currency basis an increase of $992,703. During the year ended June 30, 2025, salaries increased by approximately $687,000 or increased by approximately $574,000 on a constant currency basis, due to increases in salaries including bonuses, medical costs and subsidiary options granted to staff in NetSol PK. The provision for doubtful accounts increased by approximately $496,000 and on a constant currency basis increased by approximately $477,000. Other general and administrative costs decreased by approximately $518,000 and on a constant currency basis a decrease of approximately $58,000.

Research and development costs decreased by approximately $127,000 and on a constant currency basis a decrease of approximately $144,000.

*Income/Loss from Operations*

Income from operations was $3,501,718 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to $3,493,555 for the year ended June 30, 2024. This represents a slight increase of $8,163 with a decrease of $274,727 on a constant currency basis for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared with the year ended June 30, 2024. As a percentage of sales, income from operations was 5.3% for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to 5.7% for the year ended June 30, 2024.

*Other Income and Expense*

Other income was $2,545,539 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to other expense of $270,108 for the year ended June 30, 2024. This represents an increase of $2,815,647 with an increase of $2,796,342 on a constant currency basis. The increase is primarily due to the foreign currency exchange transactions.

During the year ended June 30, 2025, we recognized a gain of $1,301,613 in foreign currency exchange transactions compared to a loss of $1,187,320 for the year ended June 30, 2024. The majority of the contracts with NetSol PK are either in U.S. dollars or Euros; therefore, the currency fluctuations will lead to foreign currency exchange gains or losses depending on the value of the PKR compared to the U.S. Dollar and the Euro. During the year ended June 30, 2025, the value of the U.S. dollar and the Euro increased 2.1% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to the PKR. During the year ended June 30, 2024, the value of the U.S. dollar and the Euro decreased 3.1% and 4.6%, respectively, compared to the PKR.

 

*Non-controlling Interest*

For the year ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, the net income attributable to non-controlling interest was $1,647,686 and $1,394,056, respectively. The increase in non-controlling interest is primarily due to the increase in net income of NetSol PK.

 

*Net Income (Loss) Attributable to NetSol*

Net income was $2,923,233 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to $683,873 for the year ended June 30, 2024. This is an increase in income of $2,239,360 with an increase of $1,678,200 on a constant currency basis, compared to the prior year. For the year ended June 30, 2025, net income per share was $0.25 for basic and diluted shares. For the year ended June 30, 2024, net income per share was $0.06 for basic and diluted shares.

**Non-GAAP Financial Measures**

Regulation S-K Item 10(e), "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures in Commission Filings," defines and prescribes the conditions for use of non-GAAP financial information. Our measures of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA per basic and diluted share meet the definition of a non-GAAP financial measure.

We define the non-GAAP measures as follows:

● EBITDA is GAAP net income before net interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization.

● Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA plus stock-based compensation expense.

● Adjusted EBITDA per basic and diluted share – Adjusted EBITDA allocated to common stock divided by the weighted average shares outstanding and diluted shares outstanding.

We use non-GAAP measures internally to evaluate the business and believe that presenting non-GAAP measures provides useful information to investors regarding the underlying business trends and performance of our ongoing operations as well as useful metrics for monitoring our performance and evaluating it against industry peers. The non-GAAP financial measures presented should be used in addition to, and in conjunction with, results presented in accordance with GAAP, and should not be relied upon to the exclusion of GAAP financial measures. Management strongly encourages investors to review our consolidated financial statements in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure in evaluating the Company.

The non-GAAP measures reflect adjustments based on the following items:

<u>EBITDA</u>: We report EBITDA as a non-GAAP metric by excluding the effect of net interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization from net income because doing so makes internal comparisons to our historical operating results more consistent. In addition, we believe providing an EBITDA calculation is a more useful comparison of our operating results to the operating results of our peers.

<u>Stock-based compensation expense</u>: We have excluded the effect of stock-based compensation expense from the non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA per basic and diluted share calculations. Although stock-based compensation expense is calculated in accordance with current GAAP and constitutes an ongoing and recurring expense, such expense is excluded from non-GAAP results because it is not an expense which generally requires cash settlement by NetSol, and therefore is not used by us to assess the profitability of our operations. We also believe the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense provides a more useful comparison of our operating results to the operating results of our peers.

<u>Non-controlling interest:</u> We add back the non-controlling interest in calculating gross adjusted EBITDA and then subtract out the income taxes, depreciation and amortization and net interest expense attributable to the non-controlling interest to arrive at a net adjusted EBITDA.

Our reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures of adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP earnings per basic and diluted share to the most comparable GAAP measures for the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| Net Income (loss) attributable to NetSol | $2923233 | $683873 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-controlling interest | 1647686 | 1394056 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income taxes | 1476338 | 1145518 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 1463783 | 1721800 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | 871355 | 1142166 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest (income) | (1871040) | (1911258) |
| EBITDA | $6511355 | $4176155 |
| Add back: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-cash stock-based compensation | 208116 | 308569 |
| Adjusted EBITDA, gross | $6719471 | $4484724 |
| Less non-controlling interest (a) | (2017274) | (1810394) |
| Adjusted EBITDA, net | $4702197 | $2674330 |
| Weighted Average number of shares outstanding |  |  |
| Basic | 11576287 | 11378595 |
| Diluted | 11576287 | 11421940 |
| Basic adjusted EBITDA | $0.41 | $0.24 |
| Diluted adjusted EBITDA | $0.41 | $0.23 |
| (a)The reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA of non-controlling interest to net income attributable to non-controlling interest is as follows |  |  |
| Net Income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | $1647686 | $1394056 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income Taxes | 321973 | 198923 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 358180 | 440302 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | 251658 | 354624 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest (income) | (567285) | (590170) |
| EBITDA | $2012212 | $1797735 |
| Add back: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-cash stock-based compensation | 5062 | 12659 |
| Adjusted EBITDA of non-controlling interest | $2017274 | $1810394 |

---

**LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES** 

Our cash position was $17,357,344 at June 30, 2025, compared to $19,127,165 at June 30, 2024.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $447,267 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to $2,909,388 for the year ended June 30, 2024. At June 30, 2025, we had current assets of $46,319,603 and current liabilities of $19,713,997. We had accounts receivable of $7,527,572 at June 30, 2025, compared to $13,049,614 at June 30, 2024. We had revenues in excess of billings of $19,134,385 at June 30, 2025, compared to $13,638,547 at June 30, 2024, of which $903,766 and $954,029 are shown as long term as of June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The long-term portion was discounted by $208,037 and $152,446 at June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, using the discounted cash flow method with interest rates ranging from 4.2% to 17.5%, for the year ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2025, our revenues in excess of billings were reclassified to accounts receivable pursuant to billing requirements detailed in each contract. The combined totals for accounts receivable and revenues in excess of billings decreased by $26,204 from $26,688,161 at June 30, 2024, to $26,661,957 at June 30, 2025. Accounts payable and accrued expenses, and current portions of loans and lease obligations amounted to $8,010,844 and $8,240,061, respectively, at June 30, 2025. Accounts payable and accrued expenses, and current portions of loans and lease obligations amounted to $8,232,342 and $6,276,125, respectively, at June 30, 2024. The average days sales outstanding for the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 were 147 and 151 days respectively. The days sales outstanding have been calculated by taking into consideration the average combined balances of accounts receivable and revenue in excess of billings.

Net cash used by investing activities amounted to $1,274,865 for the year ended June 30, 2025, compared to $291,538 for the year ended June 30, 2024. We had net purchases of property and equipment of $1,265,987 compared to $291,538 for the comparable period last fiscal year.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $822,881 compared to $239,551, for the years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2025, we received bank proceeds of $2,920,149 compared to $756,936 during the year ended June 30, 2024. During the year ended June 30, 2025, we had net payments for bank loans and capital leases of $773,535 compared to $517,385 for the year ended June 30, 2024. During the year ended June 30, 2025, Company employees exercised 220,00 options of common stock for $473,000, NetSol PK, a subsidiary of the Company, paid a dividend of $306,799 to the non-controlling shareholders, and NetSol PK purchased 2,690,251 shares of its common stock from the open market for $1,503,662. We are operating in various geographical regions of the world through our various subsidiaries. Those subsidiaries have financial arrangements from various financial institutions to meet both their short and long-term funding requirements. These loans will become due at different maturity dates as described in Note 12 of the financial statements. We are in compliance with the covenants of the financial arrangements and there is no default which may lead to early payment of these obligations. We anticipate paying back all these obligations on their respective due dates.

We typically fund the cash requirements for our operations in the U.S. through our license, services, and maintenance agreements, intercompany charges for corporate services, and through the exercise of options. As of June 30, 2025, we had approximately $17.4 million of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of which approximately $16.4 million is held by our foreign subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2024, we had approximately $19.1 million of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of which approximately $18.2 million was held by our foreign subsidiaries.

We remain open to strategic relationships that would provide value added benefits. The focus will remain on continuously improving cash reserves internally.

As a growing company, we have on-going capital expenditure needs based on our short-term and long-term business plans. Although our requirements for capital expenses vary from time to time, for the next 12 months, we anticipate needing working capital of $1.5 to $2 million for APAC, U.S. and European new business development activities and infrastructure enhancements.

**Financial Covenants**

Our UK based subsidiary, NTE, has an approved overdraft facility of £300,000 ($410,959) which requires that the aggregate amount of invoiced trade debtors (net of provisions for bad and doubtful debts and excluding intra-group debtors) of NTE, not exceeding 90 days old, will not be less than an amount equal to 200% of the facility. The Pakistani subsidiary, NetSol PK has an approved facility for export refinance from Askari Bank Limited amounting to Rupees 600 million ($2,111,561) and a running finance facility of Rupees 4.1 million ($14,256). NetSol PK has an approved facility for export refinance from another Habib Metro Bank Limited amounting to Rupees 1.3 billion ($4,575,048). These facilities require NetSol PK to maintain a long-term debt equity ratio of 60:40 and the current ratio of 1:1. NetSol PK also has an approved export refinance facility of Rs. 380 million ($1,337,322) from Samba Bank Limited. During the loan tenure, these two facilities require NetSol PK to maintain at a minimum a current ratio of 1:1, an interest coverage ratio of 4 times, a leverage ratio of 2 times, and a debt service coverage ratio of 4 times.

As of the date of this report, we are in compliance with the financial covenants associated with our borrowings. The maturity dates of the borrowings of respective subsidiaries may accelerate if they do not comply with these covenants. In case of any change in control in subsidiaries, they may have to repay their respective credit facilities.

**Dividends and Redemption** 

It has been our policy to invest earnings in growth rather than distribute earnings as common stock dividends. This policy, under which common stock dividends have not been paid since our inception is expected to continue but is subject to regular review by the Board of Directors.

**Contractual Obligations** 

Our contractual obligations are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Payment due by period | Payment due by period | Payment due by period | Payment due by period |
| Contractual Obligation | Total | 0 - 1 year | 1-3 Years | 3-5 Years |
| Debt Obligations |  |  |  |  |
| D&O Insurance | $119542 | $119542 | $- | $- |
| Bank Overdraft Facility | 405000 | 405000 |  |  |
| Bank Overdraft Facility II |  |  |  |  |
| Term Finance Facility |  |  |  |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Export Refinance | 1759634 | 1759634 |  |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Running Finance |  |  |  |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Export Refinance II | 1337322 | 1337322 |  |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Export Refinance III | 4575048 | 4575048 |  |  |
| Term Finance Facility |  |  |  |  |
| Sale and Leaseback Financing | 76618 | 29660 | 46958 |  |
| Insurance financing |  |  |  |  |
| Short Term Loan |  |  |  |  |
| Subsidiary Finance Leases | 101505 | 13855 | 87650 |  |
| Operating Lease Obligations | 766616 | 433242 | 332938 | 436 |
| Total | $9141285 | $8673303 | $467546 | $436 |

---

**Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements**

We do not maintain any off-balance sheet arrangements, transactions, obligations or other relationships with unconsolidated entities that would be expected to have a material current or future effect upon our financial condition or results of operations.

**ITEM 7A.** **QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK**

We are exposed to financial market risks, including changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates.

**Foreign Currency Exchange Risk** 

*<u>Economic Exposure</u>*

We transact business in various foreign currencies and have significant international revenues, as well as costs denominated in foreign currencies. This exposes us to the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Since the majority of the Company's operations are based in the Asia Pacific region where the Pakistan Rupee is continuously losing its value against the US Dollar and we don't have any imports; therefore, we believe it is counter-productive to hedge this exposure. The devaluation of the Pakistan Rupee results in a foreign exchange gain to the Company.

*<u>Transaction Exposure</u>*

Our exposure to foreign currency transaction gains and losses is the result of certain net receivables due from our foreign subsidiaries and customers being denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the subsidiary, primarily the Euro, Yuan, Baht and the Pakistan Rupee. Our foreign subsidiaries conduct their businesses in local currency. Since the majority of the Company's operations are based in the Asia Pacific region where the Pakistan Rupee is continuously losing its value against the US Dollar and we don't have any imports; therefore, we believe it is counter-productive to hedge this exposure.

**ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA** 

The Consolidated Financial Statements that constitute Item 8 are included at the end of this report on page F-1.

**ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE**

NETSOL's financial statements for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, and June 30, 2024, did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles.

In connection with the audit of NETSOL's financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, there were no disagreements, disputes, or differences of opinion with Fortune CPA. ("Fortune") on any matters of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope and procedures, which, if not resolved to the satisfaction of Fortune would have caused Fortune to make reference to the matter in their report.

**ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES**

***Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures***

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

***Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting***

Our management has the responsibility to establish and maintain adequate internal controls over our financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our external financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).

Due to inherent limitations of any internal control system, management acknowledges that there are limitations as to the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting and therefore recognize that only reasonable assurance can be gained from any internal control system. Accordingly, our internal control system may not detect or prevent material misstatements in our financial statements and projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have performed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of June 30, 2025. This assessment was based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the results of our assessment, the Company has determined that as of June 30, 2025, the Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective.

***Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting***

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonable likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15(f) and 15d – 15(f)).

**ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION**

**Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans**

During the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025, none of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted, modified or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

**ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS**

NONE

**PART III**

**ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE** 

***Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance***

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires that the Company's directors and executive officers and persons owning more than 10% of the outstanding Common Stock, file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Executive officers, directors and beneficial owners of more than 10% of the Company's Common Stock are required by SEC regulation to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

Based solely on copies of such forms furnished as provided above, or written representations that no such forms were required, the Company believes that during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to its executive officers, directors and beneficial owners of more than 10% of its Common Stock were complied with.

**CHANGE IN MANAGEMENT AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS**

*Board of Directors*

At the 2024 Annual Shareholders Meeting held in June 2025, a five-member board stood for election. The members were elected and, according to the bylaws of the Company, shall retain their position as directors until the next meeting. The board of directors is made up of Mr. Najeeb U. Ghauri (Chairman of the Board), Mr. Mark Caton, Ms. Malea Farsai, Mr. Kausar Kazmi and Mr. Ian Smith. Mr. Michael Francis did not stand for re-election due to personal reasons and Mr. Ian Smith was nominated and elected to the Board.

*Committees*

During the fiscal year 2025, the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Government Committee were structured as follows: The Audit Committee consisted of Mr. Kazmi, as Chair, with Mr. Caton and Mr. Francis as members. The Compensation Committee consisted of Mr. Caton, as Chair, with Mr. Kazmi and Mr. Francis as its members. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consisted of Mr. Francis, as Chair, with Mr. Caton and Mr. Kazmi as its members. Following the annual shareholders meeting, Mr. Ian Smith was appointed as the Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and was appointed as a member of the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. Mr. Francis is no longer a member of the board of directors, and he will no longer serve on these committees.

The table below provides the membership for each of the committees during Fiscal Year 2025.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | Nominating and |
|  |  |  | Corporate |
|  | Audit | Compensation | Governance |
| Director | Committee | Committee | Committee |
| Najeeb Ghauri |  |  |  |
| Malea Farsai |  |  |  |
| Mark Caton (I) | X | X (C) | X |
| Kausar Kazmi (I) | X (C) | X | X |
| Michael Francis \* (I) | X | X | X (C) |
| Ian Smith \*\* (I) (N) |  |  |  |

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\* Mr. Francis's term ended June 2025.

\*\* Mr. Smith was elected to the Board in June 2025 and was appointed as a committee member in July 2025.

(I) Denotes an Independent Director.

(C) Denotes the Chairperson of the Committee.

(N) Mr. Smith became the Nominating Committee Chairman in July 2025.

During the fiscal year 2025, the Audit Committee met four times, the Compensation Committee met once and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met one time.

**DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS** 

The following table sets forth the names and ages of the current directors and executive officers of the Company, the principal offices and positions with the Company held by each person and the date such person became a director or executive officer of the Company. The Board of Directors elects the executive officers of the Company annually. Each year the stockholders elect the Board of Directors. The executive officers serve varying terms until their death, resignation or removal by the Board of Directors. In addition, there was no arrangement or understanding between any executive officer and any other person pursuant to which any person was selected as an executive officer.

The directors and executive officers of the Company are as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Name | Year First Elected as an Officer or Director | Age | Position Held with the Registrant | Family Relationship |
| Najeeb Ghauri | 1997 | 71 | Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director | Brother of Naeem Ghauri |
| Naeem Ghauri | 1999 | 68 | President | Brother of Najeeb Ghauri |
| Roger Almond | 2013 | 60 | Chief Financial Officer |  |
| Patti L. W. McGlasson | 2004 | 60 | Sr. V.P., Legal and Corporate Affairs; Secretary, General Counsel |  |
| Mark Caton | 2002 | 76 | Director |  |
| Malea Farsai | 2018 | 56 | Director; Corporate Counsel |  |
| Syed Kausar Kazmi | 2019 | 72 | Director |  |
| Michael Francis | 2023 | 59 | Director |  |
| Ian Smith | 2025 | 54 | Director |  |

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Business Experience of Officers and Directors:

**NAJEEB U. GHAURI** is the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of NETSOL. He has been the Co-founder and director of the Company since 1997, Chairman since 2003 and Chief Executive Officer from January 1998 to September 2002 and from October 2006 to present. Mr. Ghauri was responsible for NETSOL listing on NASDAQ in 1999 and NETSOL Pakistan subsidiary listing on the Karachi Stock Exchange in 2005. Mr. Ghauri served as the Company's Chief Executive Officer from 1999 to 2001 and as the Chief Financial Officer from 2001 to 2005. As CEO, Mr. Ghauri is responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of the Company, as well as the Company's overall growth and expansion plan. In 2017, Mr. Najeeb Ghauri as the CEO, implemented a Company-wide initiative cutting costs which saved the Company in excess of $7,000,000. Mr. Ghauri was also instrumental in the substantial increase in revenue for fiscal year end 2015. In addition, Mr. Ghauri traveled overseas multiple times to execute the largest contract for the Company, worth over $100 million, in December 2015. Under his watch, NETSOL has become a leading player in China with innovation and a cutting-edge technology.

In September 2020, Mr. Ghauri was presented with the highest civilian award in Pakistan, "Sitar e Imtiaz", a medal of pride, in recognition for his work in IT and charitable causes in Pakistan. This medal was conferred by the President of Pakistan at the President House in Islamabad, Pakistan. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Ghauri was part of the marketing team of Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) (now acquired by BP), a Fortune 500 company, from 1987-1997. Prior to ARCO, he spent nearly five years with Unilever as brand and sales managers. Mr. Ghauri attended Eastern Illinois University in 1977-78 for Bachelor of Science degree in Management/Economics. He earned an M.B.A. in Marketing Management from Peter F. Drucker School of Management, Claremont, California in 1981. Mr. Ghauri was elected Vice Chairman of US Pakistan Business Council in 2006, a Washington D.C. based council of US Chamber of Commerce. He is also very active in several philanthropic activities in emerging markets and is a founding director of Pakistan Human Development Fund, a non-profit organization, a partnership with UNDP to promote literacy, health services and poverty alleviation in Pakistan. Mr. Ghauri has participated in NASDAQ opening and/or closing bell ceremonies in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2015 and 2020.

*Skills and Qualifications*: Mr. Ghauri has an extensive executive, operational and strategic leadership experience in a global setting and substantial experience in establishing management performance objective and establishing goals. Mr. Ghauri not only serves the Board with his experience as a Chief Executive Officer, but also his skills and insight into global operational logistics, which he developed over the course of his 25-year career in technology industry.

**NAEEM GHAURI** was a Director of the Company from 1999 through 2020 and was the Company's Chief Executive Officer from August 2001 to October 2006. Mr. Ghauri is also a co-founder of the Company. Currently, Mr. Ghauri serves as the President and Director of Global Sales of NETSOL, director of NETSOL (UK) Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company located in London, and Chairman of NetSol Technologies Limited in Pakistan. While instrumental in numerous transactions, his most significant contribution to the revenue of the Company was his role in overseeing and leading the closing of the largest contract to date for the Company worth $100 million signed in December 2015. More recently, Mr. Ghauri headed the sales team that signed a contract valued in excess of $35 million. Mr. Ghauri spearheaded the Innovation practice of the Company while he was located in Thailand with an eye towards working with rideshare platforms as sustainable business models for the Company as the CEO of OTOZ<sup>®</sup>, Inc. He is currently based out of NetSol's Pakistan office, Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Ghauri was Program Director for Mercedes-Benz Finance Ltd., from 1994-1999. Mr. Ghauri supervised over 200 project managers, developers, analysts and users in nine European Countries. Mr. Ghauri is a board member of Drivemate Co., Ltd., the Company's partner in Thailand, as a representative of NetSol. Mr. Ghauri earned his degree in computer science from Brighton University in England.

*Skills and Qualifications*: Mr. Naeem Ghauri has served in many leadership capacities within the Company throughout the past 23 years. Through his various senior leadership positions and extensive executive experience, Mr. Ghauri brings to NetSol his unique insight related to technology, innovation, marketing, and growth, including digital and mobility strategy.

**ROGER ALMOND** was appointed Chief Financial Officer on September 9, 2013. Since 2007, Roger Almond held the position of Senior Manager at Pickard & Green Certified Public Accountants where he and his team were responsible for assisting national and international companies with their financial reporting requirements to the SEC. Roger Almond's duties also included overseeing multiple entity consolidations, converting financial data to US GAAP, preparing financials statements, footnotes and MD&A. Prior to his current position, Roger Almond held the position of Assurance Manager at Grant Thornton LLP, in Los Angeles, California from 2003-2006. From November 1999 to August 2003, he was the Chief Financial Officer of Keysor Century Corporation located in Saugus, California.

Roger Almond received his BS in Accounting from Brigham Young University in 1991 and he is a Certified Public Accountant licensed in California. He has also completed executive management courses at UCLA in 2001.

*Skills and Qualifications:* Through his senior leadership as Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Almond possesses extensive knowledge in several important business areas, including public company accounting, leadership, risk assessment, and international, cross-border accounting.

**PATTI L. W. MCGLASSON** joined NETSOL as General Counsel in January 2004 and was elected to the position of Secretary in March 2004. She was appointed Senior Vice President, Corporate and Legal Affairs in 2013.

In the role of General Counsel, Ms. McGlasson is responsible for leading NETSOL's legal department company-wide. She is also responsible for the implementation of the Company's internal corporate governance and policy plans, ethics and business conduct. She oversees all board meetings in her executive position as corporate secretary. Ms. McGlasson is a member of the Board's Cybersecurity Committee.

Ms. McGlasson has over 30 years of experience in corporate law, mergers and acquisitions, business and cross-border transactions and securities law. Immediately prior to joining NETSOL, Patti practiced at Vogt & Resnick, law corporation. She was admitted to practice in California in 1991.

She received her Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in 1987 from the University of California, San Diego and, her Juris Doctor and Masters in Law in Transnational Business from the University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, in 1991 and 1993, respectively. As part of her Masters in Law in Transnational Business, she interned at the law firm of Loeff Claeys Verbeke in Rotterdam, the Netherlands in 1991.

*Skills and Qualifications:* As General Counsel, Ms. McGlasson offers extensive knowledge in several important strategic areas, including innovative problem-solving related to global risks and opportunities. Her legal expertise also helps NetSol navigate cross-cultural and cross-border opportunities.

**MARK CATON** joined the Board of Directors in 2007. Mr. Caton is currently President of Centela Capital, Inc. a diversified financial services company, a position he has held since 2006. Prior to joining Centela Capital, Mr. Caton was President of NETSOL Technologies USA, responsible for US sales, from June 2002 to December 2003. Mr. Caton was previously employed by ePlus from 1994 to 2002 as Senior Vice President-Business Development. He was a member of the UCLA Alumni Association Board of Directors and served on the Board of Directors of NETSOL from 2002-2005. Mr. Caton is the Chair of the Compensation Committee and a member of the Audit, Nominating and Corporate Governance, and Cybersecurity Committees. Mr. Caton received his BA from UCLA in psychology in 1971.

*Skills and* Qualifications: Mr. Caton serves the Board with his 46 years of experience in sales, marketing and management in the financial leasing and software industries.

**MALEA FARSAI** joined the Board of Directors for the first time in 2018 and is currently the Company's Corporate Counsel. Before joining NETSOL in March 2000, Ms. Farsai was an associate at the law firm of Horwitz and Beam where she represented both domestic and international private and public clients from technology to apparel in various transactions from 1996-2000. She has also worked on the formation of business startups and IPOs. Ms. Farsai was on the team that took NETSOL public and is the one who listed NETSOL on NASDAQ in 1999 and has maintained its listing since then to current. After two decades with the Company, Ms. Farsai continues to work part-time as Corporate Counsel overseeing the Company's insurance as well as day-to-day corporate legal needs. She has also obtained many of NETSOL's various trademarks. Ms. Farsai serves as Chair of the Board's Cybersecurity Committee, where she provides oversight into the Company's insurance strategy and ensures the Board is apprised of the ongoing implementation of enterprise-wide cybersecurity processes and procedures. She has effectively established a 501(c)(3) foundation for NETSOL to continue its charitable work globally. Ms. Farsai received her B.A. degree from University of California, Irvine and her J.D. in 1996, and has been a member of the California State Bar since 1996. She serves on the board of various charitable organizations in Los Angeles.

 

*Skills and Qualifications:* Ms. Farsai has served the Company and its legal department since its inception and has a breadth of knowledge and understanding about NETSOL's business through her role as Corporate Counsel. She also has an understanding of Public Company corporate governance as well as the management and retention of a diverse group of employees.

 ****

**SYED KAUSAR KAZMI** joined the Board of Directors in 2019. Mr. Kazmi brings over 40 years of expertise in the banking industry and is currently the Head of Commercial Banking and Business Development at Habib Bank Zurich PLC, located in London where he has served in this capacity since 2016. Prior to this position, Mr. Kazmi served as the Head of Business Development for UK and Europe at Habib Bank AG Zurich in London from 2012-2016, before which Mr. Kazmi was the CEO of the UK operations of Habib Bank AG Zurich from 2009-2012. In 2018, Mr. Kazmi was awarded by Power 100, Parliamentary Review in association with The British Publishing Company a "Lifetime Achievement Award" for his significant and lasting impact on the banking sector. In addition, Mr. Kazmi has been awarded by the Asian Media Group the "GG2 Power List" celebrating Britain's 101 most influential Asians from 2016-2018.

Mr. Kazmi received his BSc in Chemical Engineering with II Class Honors from Habib Institute of Technology in 1974. He sits on the board of many charitable organizations, with a focus on helping raise funds. Mr. Kazmi is the Chair of the Audit Committee and is a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance and Compensation Committees.

*Skills and Qualifications*: Mr. Kazmi has strong financial services and management expertise. He directs the operations of a financial services business, expending its focus on business development.

**MICHAEL FRANCIS** served his first year on the Board of Directors in 2023. Mr. Francis brings over 30 years of expertise in the banking and finance industry. He is currently Joint Managing Partner of Alderson Francis Associates Ltd, which provides business consulting to UK finance, software, and private equity businesses. Prior to this, he was Co-Head of Investment Banking at Investec Bank UK PLC, until October 2020. He was at Investec for 18 years, in various roles, most significantly as the founder and CEO of Investec Asset Finance PLC, which is a significant client of NETSOL. From November 2022 to May 2023, Mr. Francis served as an interim executive director for VLS, a subsidiary of NTE to utilize his Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) authorization to assist VLS in strategic management of its business and to meet VLS's FCA requirements. Mr. Francis also held senior management positions at Barclays Bank PLC and ANZ Investment Bank. Mr. Francis received his BSc in Biochemistry with II Class Honors from The University College of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1987. He is also a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, qualifying with Ernst & Young in 1992. Mr. Francis is currently a trustee of the School of Hard Knocks located in the United Kingdom. He also served as the Chair of the Finance Committee of The Beacon School, located in the UK, for nine years. In September 2023, Mr. Francis was appointed as the Chair of the Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee and a member of the Audit and Compensation Committees and served in these positions until the end of his board term in June 2025.

 

*Skills and Qualifications*: Mr. Francis brings to the Board a seasoned expertise in financial services strategy, especially in the field of Lease and Finance as well as management proficiency.

**IAN SMITH** was nominated to the Board of Directors for the first time this year in June 2025. Mr. Smith brings over 30 years' experience in the financial services industry. As a highly experienced international CEO, with BMW Groups' largest financial services business/region, he was responsible and accountable for a greater than $50 billion balance sheet and P&L of over $600 million NOI per year. He held various roles with BMW Groups but most significantly as Chief Executive Officer for BMW Group Financial Services-USA and the Americas from January 2017 through December 2021. He is currently an investor in and President of MIP, Inc. a medical textiles business operating in the UK, Germany, Canada and other international markets. Mr. Smith received his BTEC National Diploma, Business & Finance at Wigan College of Technology in 1989. He completed the Professional Management Foundation Program at the Institute of Personnel Management in 1991. He received a post graduate certificate from Edinburgh Business School, Herriot-Watt University in 2006 and finally a Certificate in Company Direction from the Institute of Directors in 2013. Mr. Smith has board experience and currently serves as an advisory board member of Spring Free EV, a US-based Fintech Company. Mr. Smith is a member of the Audit and Compensation Committee and is chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

*Skills and Qualifications*: Mr. Smith brings to the Board a seasoned expertise in automotive financial services strategy, a depth of experience in product advancement through digitization and versatile and proven management proficiency.

**CORPORATE GOVERNANCE**

*Code of Ethics & Insider Trading Policy*

The Company adopted its Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, as amended and restated on September 9, 2013, applicable to every officer, director and employee of the Company, including, but not limited to the Company's principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. Our Code of Business Conduct & Ethics has been posted on our website and may be viewed at <u>https://netsoltech.com/about-us/csr</u>. Our Company has an Insider Trading Policy which explains the insider trading rules to all employees and proscribes employee conduct as it relates to trading in shares of stock of the Company. Our insider trading policy is set forth in full in the Company's Code of Ethics and Business Conduct.

*Audit Committee*

 

The Company has an Audit Committee whose members are the independent directors of the Company, specifically, Mr. Kazmi, Mr. Caton, and Mr. Francis with Mr. Smith replacing Mr. Francis after being elected to the Board in June 2025 and being appointed as a member of the Audit Committee in July 2025. Mr. Kazmi is the current Chair of the Audit Committee.

*Audit Committee Financial Expert*

 

The Company has identified its audit chairperson, Mr. Kausar Kazmi as its Audit Committee financial expert. Mr. Kazmi is an independent board member as the term is defined in the Nasdaq Listing Rules. Mr. Kazmi's over 40 years of experience in the banking industry including his current tenure as Head of Commercial Banking and Business Development for UK and Europe for Habib Bank AG Zurich as well as his service as a board member on various charities as the board member responsible for fundraising, provides him with an understanding of generally accepted accounting principles and financial reporting. Additionally, this experience provides an ability to assess the general application of accounting principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves; experience analyzing financial statements that were comparable in the breadth and complexity of issues that can be reasonably expected to be raised by the Company's financial statements; an understanding of internal control over financial reporting; and an understanding of audit committee functions.

**ITEM 11-EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION** 

**Introduction**

Our Compensation Committee is responsible for establishing and overseeing compensation programs that comply with NetSol's executive compensation philosophy. As described in this Compensation Discussion and Analysis ("CD&A"), the Compensation Committee follows a disciplined process for setting executive compensation. This process involves analyzing factors such as company performance, individual performance, strategic goals and competitive market data to arrive at each element of compensation. The Compensation Committee approves compensation decisions for all executive officers. When needed, an independent compensation consultant helps the Compensation Committee by providing advice, information, and an objective opinion. This CD&A will focus on the compensation awarded to NetSol's "named executive officers"—the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and General Counsel, Corporate Secretary. You can find more complete information about all elements of compensation for the named executive officers in the following discussion and in the Summary Compensation table that appears on page 40.

**Fiscal 2024 Executive Compensation Highlights and Governance** 

This section identifies the most significant decisions and changes made regarding NETSOL's executive compensation in fiscal year 2024.

 

 ****

***Shareholder Approval of Compensation***

At the last annual general meeting held on June 24, 2025, shareholders expressed support for our executive compensation programs, with 73% of votes cast at the meeting voting to ratify the compensation of our named executive officers. Although the advisory shareholder vote on executive compensation is non-binding, the Compensation Committee has considered, and will continue to consider, the outcome of the vote and the sentiments of our shareholders when making future compensation decisions for the named executive officers. Based on the results from our last annual general meeting, the Compensation Committee believes shareholders support the Company's executive compensation philosophy and the compensation paid to the named executive officers.

Taking into account the support of this plan at the June 24, 2025, Annual Shareholders Meeting, the Compensation Committee believes the compensation program meaningfully explains the Compensation Committee's compensation decisions and its determination to tie long term incentives of the Chief Executive Officer to performance criteria. The Compensation Committee continues to reach out to its shareholders regarding their positions on the Company's compensation program. In connection with the proxy solicitations, the executive compensation was discussed with certain of our top shareholders and their general acceptance of the compensation structure is reflected in the proxy vote results. Accordingly, the Compensation Committee will continue to provide the CEO with a bonus criterion that is based on total revenues and income from operations on a graduated basis. Bonuses would be paid 60% in cash and 40% in stock valued at the share price on June 30<sup>th</sup> of the fiscal year in which it was earned.

 ****

***Governance and Evolving Compensation Practices***

The Compensation Committee and the Board are aware of evolving practices in executive compensation and corporate governance. In response, we have adopted and/or maintained certain policies and practices that are in keeping with "best practices" in many areas. For example:

**●** The Compensation Committee may periodically engage an independent compensation consultant to evaluate our chief executive officer's executive compensation practices in comparison to a peer group.

**●** We do not provide excessive executive perquisites to our named executive officers.

**●** Our incentive plans expressly prohibit repricing of options (directly or indirectly) without prior shareholder approval.

**●** Our policy on the prevention of insider trading prohibits various types of transactions involving Company stock or securities, including short sales, options trading, hedging, margin purchases and pledges.

**●** Our stock ownership guidelines require our executive officers to align their long-term interests with those of our stockholders.

**●** Our policy prohibits the named executive officers from selling any newly issued shares for a period of three months, in an open market transaction.

**●** Beginning with our fiscal year 2019 to current, we modified our compensation practices for our CEO to tie a significant portion to financial results both on a top line and bottom-line basis.

 ****

***General Compensation Overview***

For 2025, compensation designed for our executive officers consisted of:

● Base Salary

● Cash awards at the discretion of the Compensation Committee

● Stock purchase options; and

● Ability to participate generally in all group health and welfare benefit programs and tax-qualified retirement plans on the same basis as applicable to all of our employees.

In response to discussions, we have had with certain shareholders and given the percentage voting in favor of our executive compensation, beginning with the 2019 fiscal year, Chief Executive Officer compensation shall consist of:

● Base Salary

● Short-term cash awards conditioned upon achieving objective performance targets

● Long-term equity in the form of time and objective performance targets; and

● Ability to participate generally in all group health and welfare benefit programs and tax-qualified retirement plans on the same basis as applicable to all of our employees.

The Compensation Committee administers the cash and non-cash compensation programs applicable to our executive officers. The Compensation Committee makes all decisions about executive officer compensation for the Chief Executive Officer and the remaining named executives after discussion with our Chief Executive Officer about his direct reports. The Compensation Committee has often refined the direct reports' compensation recommendations made by the Chief Executive Officer. Our Chief Executive Officer's compensation is determined solely by the Compensation Committee, which, consistent with NASDAQ requirements, is comprised exclusively of independent directors, and the Chief Executive Officer does not participate in Committee decisions surrounding his compensation.

 ****

***Independent Compensation Consultant***

The Compensation Committee retained Compensation Resources, Inc. as its independent compensation consultant in prior years. Compensation Resources, Inc., when consulted, provides chief executive officer and director compensation consulting services to the Compensation Committee, including a competitive market analysis of peers and the base salary, total cash compensation and total direct compensation. Interactions with Compensation Resources was limited to the Compensation Committee Chair and interaction with executives was generally limited to discussions as required to compile information at the Compensation Committee's direction. Based on these factors and its own evaluation of Compensation Resources' independence pursuant to the requirements approved and adopted by the SEC, the Compensation Committee has determined that the work performed by Compensation Resources does not raise any conflicts of interest. During fiscal year 2025, Compensation Resources did not provide services to the Company as there were no material changes to any executive's compensation.

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***Compensation Philosophy and Objectives***

Our executive compensation philosophy calls for competitive total compensation that will reward executives for achieving individual and corporate performance objectives and will attract, motivate and retain leaders who will drive the creation of shareholder value. It incorporates elements that create shareholder value by driving financial performance, retaining a high-performing and talented executive team, and aligning the interests of the executive team with the interests of shareholders. The Compensation Committee reviews the compensation and benefit programs for executive officers, including the named executive officers, and performs an annual assessment of the Company's executive compensation policy. In determining total compensation, the Compensation Committee considers the objectives and attributes described below.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Executive Compensation Principles** | **Executive Compensation Principles** | **Executive Compensation Principles** |
| Shareholder Alignment | ●  ●  | Our executive compensation programs are designed to create shareholder value.<br> Long-term incentive awards, delivered in the form of equity, make up a portion of our executives' total compensation and closely align the interests of executives with the long-term interests of our shareholders. Our policy prohibits the named executive officers from selling any newly issued shares for a period of three months, on an open market transaction. |
| Performance based | ● | Long-term incentive awards are designed to reward our executive officers for creating long-term shareholder value. Long-term incentive awards are granted primarily in the form of stock options and/or shares. |
| Appropriate Risk | ● | Our executive compensation programs are designed to encourage executive officers to take appropriate risks in managing their businesses to achieve optimal performance. |
| Competitive with external talent markets | ● | Our executive compensation programs are designed to be competitive within the relevant markets. |
| Simple and transparent | ● | Our executive compensation programs are designed to be readily understood by our executives, and transparent to our investors. |

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***Compensation Analysis Peer Group***

After consideration of business models, company revenue and market capitalization of other companies in the Company's technology industry segment, and with the input from Compensation Resources, Inc., the compensation consultant used by the Company at the time the study was last conducted, the Compensation Committee established the following list of peer companies to provide a comparative framework for use in setting executive compensation:

Logility Supply Chain Solutions, Inc.

Cass Information Systems

Digital Turbine, Inc.

Mitek Systems, Inc.

SPS Commerce Inc.

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***Executive Officer Base Salaries and Compensation Comparisons***

Compensation plans are developed by utilizing publicly available compensation data in the information technology and software services industries. We believe that the practices of these groups of companies provide us with appropriate compensation benchmarks, because these groups of companies are in similar businesses and tend to compete with us for executives and other employees. For benchmarking executive compensation, we typically review the compensation data we have collected from these groups of companies, as well as a subset of the data from those companies that have a similar number of employees as the Company. The Compensation Committee determines the appropriate compensation packages in addition to taking into account the unique global scale of the Company's business. While taking into account consultants' general recommendations about the size and components of compensation, other publicly available compensation information, peer groups and alike, we believe our philosophy to continue on the basis of a pay-for-performance is the best framework for setting executive compensation.

In establishing the compensation of our named Chief Executive Officer and President, we based the amounts primarily on the market data and advice provided by Compensation Resources, Inc. with respect to the compensation paid to individuals who perform substantially similar functions within the peer group companies. In connection with the other named executive officers, we also relied on the recommendations of the Chief Executive Officer's analysis relative to those individuals' performance and compensation. We also examined the outstanding stock options and equity grants held by the executive officers for the purpose of considering the retention value of any additional equity awards.

As a general guideline, for our named executive officers, we aim to set base salary, cash compensation and total compensation at approximately the mean market range. Our analysis determined that the base salary of our Chief Executive Officer was slightly above the mean, cash compensation was generally within the mean, but the total direct compensation was below the mean. As such, it was determined to develop a long-term, performance-based element of the compensation that brought the total direct compensation within the mean.

***2025 Executive Compensation Components***

***Base Salary***

An executive's base salary is a fixed element of the executive's compensation intended to attract and retain executives. It is evaluated together with components of the executive's other compensation to ensure that the executive's total compensation is consistent with our overall compensation philosophy. Base salaries are adjusted annually by the Compensation Committee.

The base salaries were established in arms-length negotiations between the executive and the Company, considering their extensive experience, knowledge of the industry, track record, and achievements on behalf of the Company. The Company expects each named executive officer to contribute to the Company's overall success as a member of the executive team rather than focus solely on specific objectives within the officer's area of responsibility.

Mr. Ghauri's base salary for fiscal year 2025 was $840,000 and in addition he received $200,000 in allowances. Mr. Ghauri's base salary will be $840,000 and allowances will remain the same for fiscal year 2026. Mr. Almond's base salary for fiscal year 2025 was $275,000. For fiscal year 2026, Mr. Almond's salary will be $281,875. Ms. McGlasson's salary for fiscal year 2025 was $252,312 and her base salary for fiscal year 2026 will be $258,620. The Compensation Committee determined that salary alone was an adequate basis for short term compensation, and that equity incentives would be used for the long-term elements of incentive programs for Ms. McGlasson and Mr. Almond.

 ****

***Annual Bonus***

Our compensation program includes eligibility for bonuses as rewarded by the Compensation Committee. All executives are eligible for annual performance-based cash bonuses in accordance with Company policies. The Compensation Committee takes into consideration the executive's performance during the previous year to determine eligibility for discretionary bonuses. Further, the compensation committee will review, if applicable, the performance criteria set forth in an executive's previous year's agreement and will determine if the executive has met such criteria in order to achieve the bonus. The Company's bonus criteria at the executive management level is typically based on a gross revenue and income from operations targets. Cash bonuses, if any for 2025 are reflected in the summary of compensation table on page 40. For 2025, based on structured key performance indices (KPI)') by the Compensation Committee, Mr. Ghauri earned a bonus of $210,340. See bonus structure as discussed below on page 39. The Compensation Committee determined that Gross Revenue and Income from Operations structure used in fiscal 2025 continues to be a proper measure for measuring Mr. Ghauri's performance in that it encourages his participation in revenue generating activities and continues to incentivize him to monitor and maximize cost efficiency.

 ****

***Long-Term Equity Incentive Compensation***

We believe that long-term performance is achieved through an ownership culture that encourages long-term participation by our executives in equity-based awards. Because base salary and equity awards are such basic elements of compensation within our industry, as well as the high technology and software industries in general, and are generally expected by employees, we believe that these components must be included in our compensation mix in order for us to compete effectively for talented executives. We award time based vested stock from our Equity Incentive Plans for several reasons. First, such awards facilitate retention of our executives. Restricted stock generally vests only if the executive remains employed by the Company. Second, time-based stock awards align executive compensation with the interests of our shareholders and thereby focuses executives on increasing value for the shareholders. Time vested stock generally only provides a superior return if the stock price appreciates, and results in materially less dilution to the shareholders than options while frequently providing equivalent value to the employee at less cost to the Company than options. In determining the number of shares to be granted to executives, we take into account the individual's position, scope of responsibility, ability to affect profits and shareholder value, past and recent performance, and the estimated value of shares at the time of grant. Assuming individual performance at a level satisfactory to the Compensation Committee, the size of total equity compensation is generally targeted at the 50th percentile for the peer group. As indicated above, market data, including compensation percentiles, were among several factors the committee reviewed in determining compensation.

Equity incentives provided to executives are determined by the Fair Market Value of our common stock on the grant date. Each executive's stock award was based on an analysis of the Compensation Committee of an appropriate overall cash compensation for each individual taking into account their position and compensation at similarly situated companies. Each executive's stock award was based on a desired overall compensation cash value less the base salary as approved by the Compensation Committee.

Mr. Najeeb Ghauri is eligible to receive grants of shares based on the performance criteria connected to gross revenues and net income from operations as discussed below. The total compensation including equity grants is designed to bring the Chief Executive Officer to the mean market average.

Mr. Najeeb Ghauri's bonus for fiscal year 2025 is based on the total revenues and income from operations on a graduated basis. The following table demonstrates the graduated percentage of bonus that Mr. Ghauri will be eligible to earn based on the percentage of the goal achieved. Bonuses will be paid 60% in cash and 40% in shares of common stock valued on June 30, 2025. Total net revenues and income from operations are based on those values reported for the year ending June 30, 2025, excluding any adjustments relating to changes in revenue recognition policy.

Mr. Ghauri's bonus for fiscal year 2025 shall be based on total revenues and income from operations on a graduated basis. The following table demonstrates the graduated percentage of bonus that Mr. Ghauri will be eligible to earn based on the percentage of the goal achieved. Bonuses will be paid 60% in cash and 40% in shares of common stock valued on June 30 of the fiscal year in question The bonus shall be calculated based on the increase in annual revenues compared to the baseline revenue. The baseline revenue for the purpose of this bonus calculation shall be defined as the highest annual revenue achieved in any previous year beginning with Fiscal Year End June 30, 2024. Under no circumstances shall the baseline revenue be adjusted downward, even if annual revenues in subsequent years fall below this highest annual revenue mark.

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| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Allocated Bonus % | % of Bonus | 25% | 50% | 100% | 125% | 150% | 175% | 200% |
| Net revenues | 55% | Increase in revenues | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | 25% | 30% | 35% |
| Bonus Earned |  |  | $82500 | $165000 | $330000 | $412500 | $495000 | $577500 | $660000 |

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| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | % of<br> Bonus | 25% | 50% | 100% | 125% | 150% | 175% | 200% |
| Income from Operations | 45.0% | Income from Operations % | 5.0% | 7.5% | 10.0% | 12.5% | 15.0% | 17.5% | 20.0% |
| Bonus Earned |  |  | $67500 | $135000 | $270000 | $337500 | $405000 | $472500 | $540000 |
| Total Bonus |  |  | $150000 | $300000 | $600000 | $750000 | $900000 | $1050000 | $1200000 |

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***Perquisites and Other Personal Benefits***

We provide named executive officers with perquisites and other personal benefits that we believe are reasonable and consistent with our overall compensation program to better enable the Company to attract and retain superior employees for key positions. The Compensation Committee periodically reviews the level of perquisites and other personal benefits provided to NETSOL's executive officers.

We maintain benefits and perquisites that are offered to all employees, including health and dental insurance. Benefits and perquisites may vary in different country locations and are consistent with local practices and regulations.

 ****

***Termination Based Compensation***

Upon termination of employment, all executive officers with a written employment agreement are entitled to receive severance payments under their employment agreements. In determining whether to approve, and as part of the process of setting the terms of, such severance arrangements, the Compensation Committee recognizes that executives and officers often face challenges securing new employment following termination. Further, the Committee recognizes that many of the named executives and officers have participated in the Company since its founding and that this participation has not resulted in a return on their investments. Termination and Change in Control Payments considered both the risk and the dedication of these executives' service to the Company.

Our Chief Executive Officer has an employment agreement that provides, if his employment is terminated without cause or if the executive terminates the agreement with Good Reason, he is entitled to (a) all remaining salary to the end of the date of termination, plus salary from the end of the employment term through the end of the fourth anniversary of the date of termination, and (b) the continuation by the Company of medical and dental insurance coverage for him and his family until the end of the employment term and through the end of the fourth anniversary of the date of termination. Provided, however, if such benefits cannot be continued for this extended period, the Executive shall receive cash (including a tax-equivalency payment for Federal, state and local income and payroll taxes assuming Executive is in the maximum tax bracket for all such purposes) where such benefits may not be continued. These agreements further provide for vesting of all options and restrictive stock grants, if any.

Our Chief Financial Officer has an employment agreement that provides, if his employment is terminated without cause or if the executive terminates the agreement with Good Reason, he is entitled to (a) all remaining salary to the end of the date of termination, plus salary from the end of the employment term through the end of the second anniversary of the date of termination, and (b) the continuation by the Company of medical and dental insurance coverage for him and his family until the end of the employment term and through the end of the second anniversary from the date of termination. Provided, however, if such benefits cannot be continued for this extended period, the Executive shall receive cash (including a tax-equivalency payment for Federal, state and local income and payroll taxes assuming Executive is in the maximum tax bracket for all such purposes) where such benefits may not be continued. These agreements further provide for vesting of all options and restrictive stock grants, if any.

The Secretary of the Company has an employment agreement that provides, if she is terminated without cause or if the executive terminates the agreement with Good Reason, she is entitled to (a) all remaining salary to the end of the date of termination, plus salary from the end of the employment term through the end of the second anniversary of the date of termination, and (b) the continuation by the Company of medical and dental insurance coverage for her and her family until the end of the employment term and through the end of the second anniversary of the date of termination. Provided, however, if such benefits cannot be continued for this extended period, the Executive shall receive cash (including a tax-equivalency payment for Federal, state and local income and payroll taxes assuming Executive is in the maximum tax bracket for all such purposes) where such benefits may not be continued. These agreements further provide for vesting of all options and restrictive stock grants, if any.

These agreements were designed to assist in the retention of the services of our named executives and to determine in advance the rights and remedies of the parties in connection with any termination. The types and amounts of compensation and the triggering events set forth in these agreements were based on a review of the terms and conditions of normal and customary agreements in our competitive marketplace.

**Tax and Accounting Implications** 

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***Deductibility of Executive Compensation***

As part of its role, the Compensation Committee reviews and considers the deductibility of executive compensation under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, which provides that we may not deduct compensation of more than $1,000,000 that is paid to certain individuals. The Compensation Committee is aware of the limitations imposed by Section 162(m) and considers the issue of deductibility when and if circumstances warrant. The committee reviews proposed compensation plans in light of applicable tax deductions, and generally seeks to maximize the deductibility for tax purposes of all elements of compensation. However, the committee may approve compensation that does not qualify for deductibility, including stock option and time-based restricted stock awards, if and when the committee deems it to be in the best interests of the Company and our shareholders.

 ****

***Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation***

We account for stock-based payments, including awards under our Employee Stock Option Plans, in accordance with the of Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, *Compensation – Stock Compensation*.

**Summary Compensation** 

The following table shows the compensation for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, earned by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer who is our Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, and others considered to be executive officers of the Company.

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Name and Principle Position | Fiscal Year Ended | Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Stock Awards ($) (1) | Option Awards ($) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($) |
| Najeeb Ghauri | 2025 | $840000 | $210340<sup>(2)</sup> | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- | $-<sup>(3)</sup> | $230400<sup>(4)</sup> | $1280740 |
| CEO & Chairman | 2024 | $693000 | $472890<sup>(2)</sup> | $- | $20285<sup>(3)</sup> | $226400<sup>(4)</sup> | $1412575 |
| Naeem Ghauri | 2025 | $1045714<sup>(5)</sup> | $250000<sup>(6)</sup> | $- | $-<sup>(3)</sup> | $- | $1295714 |
| President | 2024 | $920000<sup>(5)</sup> | $-<sup>(6)</sup> | $- | $20285<sup>(3)</sup> | $- | $940285 |
| Roger K Almond | 2025 | $275000 | $25000 | $- | $- | $38058<sup>(7)</sup> | $338058 |
| Chief Financial Officer | 2024 | $226000 | $20000 | $- | $- | $58513<sup>(7)</sup> | $304513 |
| Patti L. W. McGlasson | 2025 | $252312 | $- | $- | $- | $33043<sup>(8)</sup> | $285355 |
| Secretary, General Counsel | 2024 | $233622 | $- | $- | $- | $31763<sup>(8)</sup> | $265385 |

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(1) There were no stock awards during the two years presented.

(2) Bonus was awarded based on Mr. Ghauri's bonus structure as detailed on page 39.

(3) Mr. Najeeb Ghauri and Mr Naeem Ghauri were granted 50,000 options at an exercise price of $2.15 that vested immediately with a one-year expiration and have been fully exercised.

(4) Per Mr. Najeeb Ghauri's compensation agreement, other compensation includes a fixed allowance of $200,000 to cover perquisites and benefits such as car allowance, insurance premiums, and home office allowance. In addition, other compensation includes Company contributions under the 401(k) plan for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024.

(5) Consists of $815,714 and $780,000 base salary and $230,000 and $140,000 commission for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

(6) Per Mr. Naeem Ghauri's compensation agreement, he received $250,000 and $nil in bonus for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

(7) Consists of employer-paid medical and dental insurance premiums and the Company contributions under the 401(k) plan for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024.

(8) Consists of employer-paid medical and dental insurance premiums and the Company contributions under the 401(k) plan for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025, and 2024.

**Grants of Plan-Based Awards** 

There were no stock grants during the two years presented.

**Discussion of Summary Compensation Table** 

The terms of our executive officers' compensation are derived from our employment agreements with them and the annual performance review by our Compensation Committee. The terms of Mr. Najeeb Ghauri's employment agreement with the Company were the result of negotiations between the Company and the executive and were approved by our Compensation Committee and Board of Directors. The terms of Ms. McGlasson's and Mr. Almond's employment agreement with the Company were the result of negotiations between our Chief Executive Officer and the employees and were approved by our Compensation Committee.

 ****

***Employment Agreement with Najeeb Ghauri***

Effective July 1, 2024, the Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, Najeeb Ghauri (the "CEO Agreement"). The CEO Agreement was amended solely to place the base salary and bonus structure for Mr. Ghauri into the Appendix to the CEO Agreement. All other material terms remain unchanged. From the agreement entered into with Mr. Ghauri in January 1, 2007, and amended thereafter. Pursuant to the CEO Agreement between Mr. Ghauri and the Company the Company agreed to employ Mr. Ghauri as its Chief Executive Officer for a five-year term. The term of employment automatically renews for 12 additional months unless notice of intent to terminate is received by either party at least 6 months prior to the end of the term. For the fiscal year 2025, Mr. Ghauri is entitled to an annualized compensation of $1,040,000 consisting of salary, allowances, perquisites and benefits, and is eligible for annual bonuses based on the bonus structure adopted by the Compensation Committee as described in Item 11 under Executive Compensation beginning on page 34. For fiscal year 2026, Mr. Ghauri's annualized compensation consisting of salary, allowance, perquisites and benefits will be $1,040,000. Mr. Ghauri is entitled to six weeks of paid vacation per calendar year.

The CEO Agreement also includes provisions respecting severance, non-solicitation, non-competition, and confidentiality obligations. Pursuant to the CEO Agreement, if he terminates his employment for Good Reason (as described below), or, is terminated prior to the end of the employment term by the Company other than for Cause (as described below) or death, he shall be entitled to all remaining salary from the termination date until 48 months thereafter, at the rate of salary in effect on the date of termination, immediate vesting of all options and continuation of all health related plan benefits for a period of 48 months. He shall have no obligation to seek other employment and any income so earned shall not reduce the foregoing amounts. If he is terminated by the Company for Cause (as described below), or at the end of the employment term, he shall not be entitled to further compensation. Under the CEO Agreement, Good Reason includes the assignment of duties inconsistent with his title, a material reduction in salary and perquisites, the relocation of the Company's principal office by 30 miles, if the Company asks him to perform any act which is illegal, including the commission of a crime or act of moral turpitude, or a material breach of the CEO Agreement by the Company. Under the CEO Agreement, Cause includes conviction of crime involving moral turpitude, failure to perform his duties to the Company, engaging in activities which are directly competitive to or intentionally injurious to the Company, or any material breach of the CEO Agreement by Mr. Ghauri.

The above summary of the CEO Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the CEO Agreement, a copy of which was filed as an exhibit to the Company's 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024.

 ****

***Employment Agreement with Roger K. Almond***

Effective July 1, 2024, the Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, Roger Almond (the "CFO Agreement"). The CFO Agreement was amended solely to place the base salary for Mr. Almond into the Appendix to the CFO Agreement. All other material terms remain unchanged from the agreement entered into with Mr. Almond on March 1, 2015, and amended thereafter. According to the terms of the CFO Agreement, the term of the agreement automatically extends for an additional one-year period unless notice of intent to terminate is received by either party at least 6 months prior to the end of the term. For the fiscal year 2025, Mr. Almond was entitled to an annualized base salary of $275,000 per annum, and eligible for annual bonuses at the discretion of the Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Almond's salary for the fiscal year 2026 will be $281,875, and is eligible for annual bonuses at the discretion of the Chief Executive Officer. In addition, Mr. Almond is entitled to participate in the Company's equity incentive plans and is entitled to six weeks of paid vacation per calendar year.

The CFO Agreement also includes provisions respecting severance, non-solicitation, non-competition, and confidentiality obligations. Pursuant to the CFO Agreement, if he terminates his employment for Good Reason (as described below), or, is terminated prior to the end of the employment term by the Company other than for Cause (as described below) or death, he shall be entitled to all remaining salary from the termination date until 24 months thereafter, at the rate of salary in effect on the date of termination, immediate vesting of all options and continuation of all health related plan benefits for a period of 24 months. He shall have no obligation to seek other employment and any income so earned shall not reduce the foregoing amounts. If he is terminated by the Company for Cause (as described below), or at the end of the employment term, he shall not be entitled to further compensation. Under the CFO Agreement, Good Reason includes the assignment of duties inconsistent with his title, a material reduction in salary and perquisites, the relocation of the Company's principal office by 60 miles, if the Company asks him to perform any act which is illegal, including the commission of a crime or act of moral turpitude, or a material breach of the CFO Agreement by the Company. Under the CFO Agreement, Cause includes conviction of crime involving moral turpitude, failure to perform his duties to the Company, engaging in activities which are directly competitive to or intentionally injurious to the Company, or any material breach of the CFO Agreement by Mr. Almond.

The above summary of the CFO Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the CFO Agreement, a copy of which was filed as an exhibit to the Company's 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024.

 ****

***Employment Agreement with Patti L. W. McGlasson***

Effective July 1, 2024, the Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with our Secretary, General Counsel and Senior Vice President, Legal and Corporate Affairs, Patti L. W. McGlasson (the "GC Agreement"). The GC Agreement was amended solely to include Ms. McGlasson's current title and to place the base salary for Ms. McGlasson into the Appendix to the GC Agreement. All other material terms remain unchanged from the agreement entered into with Ms. McGlasson in January 1, 2006, and amended thereafter. Pursuant to the General Counsel Agreement, the Company agreed to employ Ms. McGlasson as its Secretary, General Counsel and Sr. Vice President of Legal and Corporate Affairs for one-year terms. According to the terms of the GC Agreement, the term of the agreement automatically extends for an additional one-year period unless notice of intent to terminate is received by either party at least 6 months prior to the end of the term. GC Agreement, Ms. McGlasson is entitled to an annualized base salary of $252,312 per annum for the fiscal year 2025 and is eligible for annual bonuses at the discretion of the Chief Executive Officer. Ms. McGlasson's salary for fiscal year 2026 will be $258,620. In addition, Ms. McGlasson is entitled to participate in the Company's equity incentive plans and is entitled to six weeks of paid vacation per calendar year.

The GC Agreement also includes provisions respecting severance, non-solicitation, non-competition, and confidentiality obligations. Pursuant to the General Counsel Agreement, if she terminates her employment for Good Reason (as described below), or, is terminated prior to the end of the employment term by the Company other than for Cause (as described below) or death, she shall be entitled to all remaining salary from the termination date until 24 months thereafter, at the rate of salary in effect on the date of termination, immediate vesting of all options and continuation of all health related plan benefits for a period of 24 months. She shall have no obligation to seek other employment and any income so earned shall not reduce the foregoing amounts. If she is terminated by the Company for Cause (as described below), or at the end of the employment term, she shall not be entitled to further compensation. Under the General Counsel Agreement, Good Reason includes the assignment of duties inconsistent with her title, a material reduction in salary and perquisites, the relocation of the Company's principal office by 60 miles, if the Company asks her to perform any act which is illegal, including the commission of a crime or act of moral turpitude, or a material breach of the General Counsel Agreement by the Company. Under the General Counsel Agreement, Cause includes conviction of crime involving moral turpitude, failure to perform her duties to the Company, engaging in activities which are directly competitive to or intentionally injurious to the Company, or any material breach of the General Counsel Agreement by Ms. McGlasson.

The above summary of the General Counsel Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the GC, a copy of which was filed as an exhibit to the Company's 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024.

**Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End**

The following table shows grants of stock options and grants of unvested stock awards outstanding on June 30, 2025, the last day of our fiscal year, to each of the individuals named in the Summary Compensation Table.

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | OPTION AWARDS | OPTION AWARDS | OPTION AWARDS | OPTION AWARDS | OPTION AWARDS | OPTION AWARDS | OPTION AWARDS | STOCK AWARDS | STOCK AWARDS | STOCK AWARDS | STOCK AWARDS | STOCK AWARDS | STOCK AWARDS | STOCK AWARDS | STOCK AWARDS |
| NAME | NUMBER OF SECURITIES UNDERLYING OPTIONS (#) EXERCISABLE | NUMBER OF SECURITIES UNDERLYING OPTIONS (#) EXERCISABLE | NUMBER OF SECURITIES UNDERLYING OPTIONS (#) UNEXERCISABLE | NUMBER OF SECURITIES UNDERLYING OPTIONS (#) UNEXERCISABLE | OPTION EXERCISE PRICE ($) | OPTION EXERCISE PRICE ($) | OPTION EXPIRATION DATE | NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK THAT HAVE NOT VESTED | NUMBER OF SHARES OF COMMON STOCK THAT HAVE NOT VESTED | MARKET VALUE OF SHARES THAT HAVE NOT VESTED ($) | MARKET VALUE OF SHARES THAT HAVE NOT VESTED ($) | EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN AWARDS: NUMBER OF UNEARNED SHARES THAT HAVE NOT VESTED | EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN AWARDS: NUMBER OF UNEARNED SHARES THAT HAVE NOT VESTED | EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN AWARDS: MARKET OR PAYOUT VALUE OF SHARES THAT HAVE NOT VESTED ($) | EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN AWARDS: MARKET OR PAYOUT VALUE OF SHARES THAT HAVE NOT VESTED ($) |
| Najeeb Ghauri |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- |
| Naeem Ghauri |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Roger K Almond |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Patti L. W. McGlasson |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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**Pension Benefits** 

We do not have any qualified or non-qualified defined benefit plans.

**Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control** 

Generally, regardless of the manner in which a named executive officer's employment terminates, the executive officer is entitled to receive amounts earned during the term of employment. Such amounts include the portion of the executive's base salary that has accrued prior to any termination and not yet been paid, and unused vacation pay.

In addition, we are required to make the additional payments and/or provide additional benefits to the individuals named in the Summary Compensation Table in the event of a termination of employment or a change of control, as set forth below.

**Change-in-Control Payments**

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***Najeeb Ghauri, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer***

In the event that Mr. Ghauri is terminated as a result of a change in control, he is entitled to all payments due in the event of a termination for Cause or Good Reason and: (a) a onetime payment equal to the product of 2.99 and his salary during the preceding 12 months; (b) a one-time payment equal to the higher of (i) Executive's bonus for the previous year and (ii) one percent of the Company's consolidated gross revenues for the previous twelve (12) months; and at the election of the Executive, (c) a one-time cash payment equal to the cash value of all shares eligible for exercise upon the exercise of Executive's Options then currently outstanding and exercisable as if they had been exercised in full (the "Change of Control Termination Payment"). In the event Executive elects to receive the cash value of the shares underlying Executive's options, he shall so notify the Company of his intent.

The following table summarizes the potential payments to Mr. Ghauri assuming his employment with us was terminated, or a change of control occurred on June 30, 2025, the last day of our most recently completed fiscal year.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| BENEFITS AND PAYMENTS | TERMINATION AFTER CHANGE OF CONTROL | TERMINATION UPON DEATH OR DISABILITY | TERMINATION BY US WITHOUT CAUSE OR BY EXECUTIVE FOR GOOD REASON |
| Base Salary Continuance | $3360000 | $140000 | $3360000 |
| Health Related Benefits | 47040 |  | 47040 |
| Bonus |  |  |  |
| Salary Multiple Pay-out | 2511600 |  |  |
| Bonus or Revenue One-time Pay-Out | 660882 |  |  |
| Net Cash Value of Options | - | - | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $6579522 | $140000 | $3407040 |

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***Roger Almond, Chief Financial Officer***

In the event that Mr. Almond is terminated as a result of a change in control, he is entitled to all payments due in the event of a termination for Cause or Good Reason and: (a) a onetime payment equal to the product of 2.99 and his salary during the preceding 12 months; (b) a one-time payment equal to the higher of (i) Executive's bonus for the previous year and (ii) one-half of one percent of the Company's consolidated gross revenues for the previous twelve (12) months (the "Change of Control Termination Payment").

The following table summarizes the potential payments to Mr. Almond assuming his employment with us was terminated, or a change of control occurred on June 30, 2025, the last day of our most recently completed fiscal year.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| BENEFITS AND PAYMENTS | TERMINATION AFTER CHANGE OF CONTROL | TERMINATION UPON DEATH OR DISABILITY | TERMINATION BY US WITHOUT CAUSE OR BY EXECUTIVE FOR GOOD REASON |
| Base Salary Continuance | $550000 | $45833 | $550000 |
| Health related benefits | 30552 |  | 30552 |
| Bonus |  |  |  |
| Salary Multiple Pay-out | 822250 |  |  |
| Bonus or Revenue One-time Pay-Out | 330441 |  |  |
| Net Cash Value of Options | - | - | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $1733243 | $45833 | $580552 |

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***Patti L. W. McGlasson, Senior V.P. of Legal and Corporate Affairs, Secretary and General Counsel***

In the event that Ms. McGlasson is terminated as a result of a change in control, she is entitled to all payments due in the event of a termination for Cause or Good Reason and: (a) a onetime payment equal to the product of 2.99 and her salary during the preceding 12 months; (b) a one-time payment equal to the higher of (i) Executive's bonus for the previous year and (ii) one-half of one percent of the Company's consolidated gross revenues for the previous twelve (12) months (the "Change of Control Termination Payment").

The following table summarizes the potential payments to Ms. McGlasson assuming her employment with us was terminated, or a change of control occurred on June 30, 2025, the last day of our most recently completed fiscal year.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| BENEFITS AND PAYMENTS | TERMINATION AFTER CHANGE OF CONTROL | TERMINATION UPON DEATH OR DISABILITY | TERMINATION BY US WITHOUT CAUSE OR BY EXECUTIVE FOR GOOD REASON |
| Base Salary Continuance | $504624 | $42052 | $504624 |
| Health related benefits | 25752 |  | 25752 |
| Bonus |  |  |  |
| Salary Multiple Pay-out | 754413 |  |  |
| Bonus or Revenue One-time Pay-Out | 330441 |  |  |
| Net Cash Value of Options | - | - | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $1615230 | $42052 | $530376 |

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**Clawback Policy**

In 2023, the Company adopted an Executive Officer Clawback Policy (the "Clawback Policy") that complies with SEC and Nasdaq requirements and standards. The Clawback Policy requires the recovery, on a prompt and mandatory basis, of excess incentive-based compensation received by current or former executive officers during the applicable three-year period in the event the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws. Triggering events include restatements to correct errors that are material to previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if corrected or left uncorrected in the current period. Excess incentive-based compensation generally means the amount of compensation received (on or after October 24, 2023) that exceeds the amount that would have been received based on the restated figures, without regard to any taxes paid. Incentive-based compensation subject to clawback includes any amounts granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part on the attainment of financial reporting measures, including performance metrics derived from stock price or total shareholder return.

**Director Compensation** 

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***Director Compensation Policy***

Mr. Najeeb Ghauri and Ms. Malea Farsai are not paid any fees or other compensation for services as members of our Board of Directors.

The Committee has previously relied on a survey conducted by Compensation Resources, Inc. in setting compensation for the non-employee members of our Board of Directors. As with named executives, the aim is to compensate the Board of Directors at the mean of peer companies. Any additional cash and/or equity compensation for the fiscal year beginning was designed to maintain this mean.

The non-employee members of our Board of Directors received compensation for services as directors as well as reimbursement for documented reasonable expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of our Board of Directors and the committees thereof.

***Director Compensation Table***

The following table sets forth a summary of the compensation earned by our Directors and/or paid to certain of our Directors pursuant to the Company's compensation policies for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, other than Najeeb Ghauri and Malea Farsai who were paid as part of their employment agreements with the Company and not as directors.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| NAME | FEES EARNED OR PAID IN CASH ($) | SHARE AWARDS ($) | TOTAL<br> ($) |
| Mark Caton | 65000 | 53000 | 118000 |
| Kausar Kazmi | 53000 | 53000 | 106000 |
| Michael Francis | 53000 | 53000 | 106000 |
|  | 171000 | 159000 | 330000 |

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Independent members of our Board of Directors are also eligible to receive stock option or stock award grants both upon joining the Board of Directors and on an annual basis in line with recommendations by the Compensation Committee, which grants are non-qualified stock options under our Employee Stock Option Plans. Further, from time to time, the non-employee members of the Board of Directors are eligible to receive stock grants that may be granted if and only if approved by the shareholders of the Company.

**Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation** 

The current members of the Compensation Committee are Mr. Caton (Chairman), Mr. Kazmi, and Mr. Francis. All current members of the Compensation Committee are "independent directors" as defined under the NASDAQ Listing Rules. None of these individuals were at any time during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, or at any other relevant time, an officer or employee of the Company.

No executive officer of the Company serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of the Company's Board of Directors or Compensation Committee.

The Compensation Committee also takes into account the number and value of awards held by the Executive Officer in order to maintain an appropriate level of incentive for that individual. We do not take material nonpublic information into account when determining the timing and terms of equity awards, nor do we time the disclosure of material nonpublic information for the purpose of affecting the value of executive compensation. The Compensation Committee has the authority to review extraordinary events that impact the Company's performance and may adjust the calculation of the number of shares earned under an award by taking into account the effect of any such extraordinary events. The Compensation Committee did not make any such adjustments for Fiscal 2025.

**ITEM 12- SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS**

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company's Common Stock, its only class of outstanding voting securities as of September 18, 2025, by (i) each person who is known to the Company to own beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding common Stock with the address of each such person, (ii) each of the Company's present directors and officers, and (iii) all officers and directors as a group:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name of Beneficial Owner (1)** | **Name of Beneficial Owner (1)** | **Number of Shares**<br>**Beneficially Owned (2)** |<br>**Percentage** |
| Najeeb Ghauri | (3) | 923338 | 7.83% |
| Naeem Ghauri | (3) | 459853 | 3.90% |
| Mark Caton | (3) | 163811 | 1.39% |
| Syed Kausar Kazmi | (3) | 73674 | \* |
| Michael Francis\*\* | (3) | 24662 | \* |
| Ian Smith | (3) |  | \* |
| Patti McGlasson | (3) | 81050 | \* |
| Roger Almond | (3) | 20736 | \* |
| Malea Farsai | (3) | 39811 | \* |
| The Vanguard Group | (5) | 649497 | 5.51% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All officers and directors as a group (nine persons) |  | 1786935 | 15.16% |

---

\* Less than one percent

\*\* Michael Francis is no longer a director of the Company

(1) Except as otherwise indicated, the Company believes that the beneficial owners of the common stock listed below, based on information furnished by such owners, have sole investment and voting power with respect to such shares, subject to community property laws where applicable. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.

(2) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Shares of common stock relating to share grants that will vest or options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of September 18, 2025, are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding such securities but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person. Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named in the table above have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them.

(3) Address c/o NetSol Technologies, Inc. at 16000 Ventura Blvd., Suite 770, Encino, CA 91436.

(4) Shares issued and outstanding as of September 18, 2025 were 11,785,540.

(5) 5% or greater shareholder based on Schedule 13G filing on February 13, 2024.

**ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.** 

**Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons**

Other than compensation arrangements for our executive officers and directors, which are described under "Executive and Director Compensation", since July 1, 2024, and as described below, there are no transactions to which we were a party in which (i) the amount involved exceeded or will exceed the lesser of $120,000 of one percent (1%) of our average total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years and (ii) any of our directors, executive officers or holders of more than 5% of our capital stock, or any member of the immediate family of, or person sharing the household with, any of the foregoing persons, had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

Najeeb Ghauri, our Chief Executive Officer, has immediate family members employed by the Company. These family members are compensated in accordance with the Company's standard employment and compensation practices applicable to employees in similar positions. Other than compensation, there are no related-party transactions with these individuals requiring disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K. Compensation information for Naeem Ghauri, who serves as an executive officer of the Company, is included in the Summary Compensation Table under Item 11 of this Form 10-K on page 40.

The Company employs Ms. Aiesha Ghauri, the spouse of Mr. Najeeb Ghauri, as HR director. Her total compensation for fiscal years 2025 and 2024 was $122,000 and $112,000, respectively. The Company employs Mr. Faizaan Ghauri, Mr. Najeeb Ghauri's son, as Chief Strategy Officer. His total compensation for fiscal years 2025 and 2024 was $313,000 and $295,000, respectively. The Company employs Mr. Faraaz Ghauri, Mr. Najeeb Ghauri's son, as Vice President-Digital Retail. His total compensation for fiscal years 2025 and 2024 was $319,000 and $178,000, respectively. Mr. Najeeb Ghauri's brother, Salim Ghauri, was a co-founder of the Company and is CEO of NetSol Technologies Limited, the company's Pakistani subsidiary. His compensation for fiscal years 2025 and 2024 was $648,000 and $618,000, respectively. Compensation for the purpose of this disclosure includes salary, bonuses, commissions, equity awards and other benefits such as medical and 401(k) employer matching.

**Director Independence**

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") requires that a majority of our board of directors must be composed of "independent directors," which is defined generally as a person other than an officer or employee of the company or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship, which, in the opinion of the company's board of directors would interfere with the director's exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. The board has determined that Mark Caton, Kausar Kazmi, Michael Francis, and Ian Smith are "independent". Our board currently consists of three independent directors and two non-independent directors. Mr. Francis's term ended in June 2025, and Mr. Smith was elected to the Board of Directors in June 2025.

**ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES** 

**Audit Fees**

Fortune CPA ("Fortune") audited the Company's financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025. The aggregate fees billed by principal accountants for the annual audit and review of financial statements included in the Company's Form 10-K, was $401,700 for the year ended June 30, 2025.

BF Borgers was engaged to review our quarterly financial statements for the first two quarters of fiscal year ended 2024, for which we incurred fees of $60,000. Due to subsequent sanctions imposed by the SEC on BF Borgers, we engaged Fortune to re-audit the financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023, and to audit our financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024. In addition, Fortune reviewed our quarterly financial statements for the third quarter of fiscal year 2024 and 2023. The total amount paid to Fortune for these services was $563,500.

**Tax Fees**

Tax fees for fiscal year 2025 were $19,500 and consisted of the preparation of the Company's federal and state tax returns for the fiscal year 2024. Tax fees for fiscal year 2024 were $19,000 and consisted of the preparation of the Company's federal and state tax returns for the fiscal year 2023.

**All Other Fees**

No other fees were paid to the principal accountant during the fiscal years 2025 and 2024.

**Pre-Approval Procedures**

The Audit Committee and the Board of Directors are responsible for the engagement of the independent auditors and for approving, in advance, all auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be provided by the independent auditors. The Audit Committee maintains a policy for the engagement of the independent auditors that is intended to maintain the independent auditor's independence from NETSOL. In adopting the policy, the Audit Committee considered the various services that the independent auditors have historically performed or may be needed to perform in the future. The policy, which is to be reviewed and re-adopted at least annually by the Audit Committee:

(i) Approves the performance by the independent auditors of certain types of service (principally audit-related and tax), subject to restrictions in some cases, based on the Committee's determination that this would not be likely to impair the independent auditors' independence from NETSOL;

(ii) Requires that management obtain the specific prior approval of the Audit Committee for each engagement of the independent auditors to perform other types of permitted services; and

(iii) Prohibits the performance by the independent auditors of certain types of services due to the likelihood that their independence would be impaired.

Any approval required under the policy must be given by the Audit Committee, by the Chair of the Committee in office at the time, or by any other Committee member to whom the Committee has delegated that authority. The Audit Committee does not delegate its responsibilities to approve services performed by the independent auditors to any member of management.

The standard applied by the Audit Committee in determining whether to grant approval of an engagement of the independent auditors is whether the services to be performed, the compensation to be paid therefore and other related factors are consistent with the independent auditors' independence under guidelines of the Securities and Exchange Commission and applicable professional standards. Relevant considerations include, but are not limited to, whether the work product is likely to be subject to, or implicated in, audit procedures during the audit of NETSOL's financial statements; whether the independent auditors would be functioning in the role of management or in an advocacy role; whether performance of the service by the independent auditors would enhance NETSOL's ability to manage or control risk or improve audit quality; whether performance of the service by the independent auditors would increase efficiency because of their familiarity with NETSOL's business, personnel, culture, systems, risk profile and other factors; and whether the amount of fees involved, or the proportion of the total fees payable to the independent auditors in the period that is for tax and other non-audit services, would tend to reduce the independent auditors' ability to exercise independent judgment in performing the audit.

All services provided by Fortune CPA in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.

**PART IV**

**ITEM 15 – EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K** 

(a) Exhibits

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 3.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation filed with the Nevada Secretary of State on June 26, 2025\* |
| 3.2 | [Amended and Restated Bylaws of NetSol Technologies, Inc. dated February 9, 2018\*.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000149315218001965/ex3-10.htm) |
| 4.1 | [Form of Common Stock Certificate. \*](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000114420405028870/v025655_ex4-1.txt) |
| 10.1 | [Stock Purchase Agreement dated May 6, 2006 by and between the Company, McCue Systems, Inc. and the shareholders of McCue Systems, Inc. incorporated by reference as Exhibit 2.1 to NETSOL's Current Report filed on form 8-K on May 8, 2006. \*](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000114420406018752/v042152_ex2-1.txt) |
| 10.2 | [Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Patti L. W. McGlasson dated September 25, 2024.\*](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000149315224038751/ex10-2.htm) |
| 10.3 | [Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Najeeb Ghauri dated September 25, 2024.\*](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000149315224038751/ex10-3.htm) |
| 10.4 | [Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Roger K. Almond dated September 25, 2024.\*](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000149315224038751/ex10-4.htm) |
| 10.5 | [Company 2025 Equity Incentive Plan incorporated by reference as Appendix B to NETSOL's Definitive Proxy Statement filed on May 1, 2025. \*](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000164117225007993/formdef14a.htm#g_035) |
| 10.6 | [Restated Charter of the Compensation Committee dated effective September 10, 2013. \*](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000117184313003695/exh_1041.htm) |
| 10.7 | [Restated Charter of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee dated effective September 10, 2013. \*](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000117184313003695/exh_1042.htm) |
| 10.8 | [Restated Charter of the Audit Committee dated effective September 10, 2013. \*](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000117184313003695/exh_1043.htm) |
| 10.9 | [Restated Code of Business Conduct & Ethics dated effective September 10, 2013. \*](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1039280/000117184313003695/exh_1044.htm) |
| 21.1 | [A list of all subsidiaries of the Company (1)](ex21-1.htm) |
| 31.1 | [Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (CEO) (1)](ex31-1.htm) |
| 31.2 | [Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (CFO) (1)](ex31-2.htm) |
| 32.1 | [Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (CEO) (1)](ex32-1.htm) |
| 32.2 | [Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (CFO) (1)](ex32-2.htm) |
| 97.1 | [NetSol Technologies Inc. Clawback Policy (1)](ex97-1.htm) |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DFE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |

---

\*Previously Filed

(1) Filed Herewith

**SIGNATURES**

In accordance with Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Exchange Act, the Registrant caused this amended report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | NetSol Technologies, Inc. | NetSol Technologies, Inc. |
| Date: September 29, 2025 | BY: | */S/ NAJEEB GHAURI* |
|  |  | Najeeb Ghauri |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer |
| Date: September 29, 2025 | BY: | */S/ ROGER K. ALMOND* |
|  |  | Roger K. Almond |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | Principal Financial Officer |

---

In accordance with the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | September 29, 2025 | BY: | */S/ NAJEEB U. GHAURI* |
|  |  |  | Najeeb U. Ghauri |
|  |  |  | Chief Executive Officer |
|  |  |  | Director, Chairman |
| Date: | September 29, 2025 | BY: | */S/ROGER K. ALMOND* |
|  |  |  | Roger K. Almond |
|  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  |  | Principal Accounting Officer |
| Date: | September 29, 2025 | BY: | */S/ MARK CATON* |
|  |  |  | Mark Caton |
|  |  |  | Director |
| Date: | September 29, 2025 | BY: | */S/ MALEA FARSAI* |
|  |  |  | Malea Farsai |
|  |  |  | Director |
| Date: | September 29, 2025 | BY: | */S/ Ian Smith* |
|  |  |  | Ian Smith |
|  |  |  | Director |
| Date: | September 29, 2025 | BY: | */S/ KAUSAR KAZMI* |
|  |  |  | Kausar Kazmi |
|  |  |  | Director |

---

NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Description | Page |
| [Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm](#Rma_001) | F-2 |
| Financial Statements |  |
| [Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and 2024](#Rma_002) | F-3 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#Rma_003) | F-4 |
| [Consolidated Statement of Equity for the Years Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#Rma_005) | F-6 |
| [Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#Rma_006) | F-8 |
| [Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements](#Rma_007) | F-10 |

---

**REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of NetSol Technologies, Inc.

***Opinion on the Financial Statements***

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NetSol Technologies, Inc. (the "Company") and its subsidiaries as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

***Basis for Opinion***

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 ****

***Critical Audit Matters***

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

 

/s/ Fortune CPA, Inc

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2024.

Orange, CA

September 29, 2025

PCAOB #6901

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**Consolidated Balance Sheets**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| **ASSETS** |  |  |
| **Current assets:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $17357944 | $19127165 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $355,464 and $398,809 | 7527572 | 13049614 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revenues in excess of billings, net of allowance of $34,496 and $116,148 | 18230619 | 12684518 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other current assets | 3203468 | 2600786 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total current assets** | 46319603 | 47462083 |
| Revenues in excess of billings, net - long term | 903766 | 954029 |
| Property and equipment, net | 5073372 | 5106842 |
| Right of use assets - operating leases | 809513 | 1328624 |
| Other assets | 32331 | 32340 |
| Goodwill | 9302524 | 9302524 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total assets** | $62441109 | $64186442 |
| **LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY** |  |  |
| **Current liabilities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $8010844 | $8232342 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Current portion of loans and obligations under finance leases | 8240061 | 6276125 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Current portion of operating lease obligations | 433242 | 608202 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unearned revenue | 3029850 | 8752153 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total current liabilities** | 19713997 | 23868822 |
| Loans and obligations under finance leases; less current maturities | 134608 | 95771 |
| Operating lease obligations; less current maturities | 333374 | 688749 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total liabilities** | 20181979 | 24653342 |
| **Stockholders' equity:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 500,000 shares authorized; |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock, $.01 par value; 18,000,000 shares authorized; 12,700,465 shares issued and 11,761,434 outstanding as of June 30, 2025 , 12,359,922 shares issued and 11,420,891 outstanding as of June 30, 2024 | 127008 | 123602 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in-capital | 129529901 | 128783865 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Treasury stock (at cost, 939,031 shares as of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024) | (3920856) | (3920856) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated deficit | (41289080) | (44212313) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive loss | (46613208) | (45935616) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total NetSol stockholders' equity** | 37833765 | 34838682 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-controlling interest | 4425365 | 4694418 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total stockholders' equity** | 42259130 | 39533100 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total liabilities and stockholders' equity** | $62441109 | $64186442 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** 

**Consolidated Statements of Operations**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Net Revenues:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;License fees | $598633 | $5449991 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subscription and support | 32934648 | 27952768 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 32554948 | 27990332 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total net revenues | 66088229 | 61393091 |
| **Cost of revenues** | 33513697 | 32108221 |
| **Gross profit** | 32574532 | 29284870 |
| **Operating expenses:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling, general and administrative | 27796936 | 24388714 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development cost | 1275878 | 1402601 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 29072814 | 25791315 |
| **Income (loss) from operations** | 3501718 | 3493555 |
| **Other income and (expenses)** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | (871355) | (1142166) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income | 1871040 | 1911258 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange transactions | 1301613 | (1187320) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income | 244241 | 148120 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other income (expenses) | 2545539 | (270108) |
| **Net income before income taxes** | 6047257 | 3223447 |
| **Income tax provision** | (1476338) | (1145518) |
| **Net income** | 4570919 | 2077929 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Non-controlling interest** | (1647686) | (1394056) |
| **Net income attributable to NetSol** | $2923233 | $683873 |
| **Net income per share:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income per common share |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $0.25 | $0.06 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $0.25 | $0.06 |
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 11576287 | 11378595 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 11576287 | 11421940 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Net income** | $2923233 | $683873 |
| **Other comprehensive income (loss):** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Translation adjustment | (857867) | 364849 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Translation adjustment attributable to non-controlling interest | 180275 | (325309) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net translation adjustment | (677592) | 39540 |
| **Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to NetSol** | $2245641 | $723413 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** 

**Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity**

**For the Years Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024**

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Common Stock | Common Stock | | | | | | |
|  | Shares | Amount |<br>Additional<br>Paid-in<br>Capital |<br>Treasury<br>Shares |<br>Accumulated<br>Deficit | Other<br>Compre-<br>hensive<br>Loss |<br>Non<br>Controlling<br>Interest |<br>Total<br>Stockholders'<br>Equity |
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | 12359922 | $123602 | $128783865 | $(3920856) | $(44212313) | $(45935616) | $4694418 | $39533100 |
| Exercise of common stock options | 220000 | 2200 | 470800 |  |  |  |  | 473000 |
| Common stock issued for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 120543 | 1206 | 317328 |  |  |  |  | 318534 |
| Purchase of subsidiary shares |  |  | (112010) |  |  |  | 103132 | (8878) |
| Purchase of subsidiary treasury shares |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1503662) | (1503662) |
| Adjustment in APIC for change in subsidiary shares to non-controlling interest |  |  | 29135 |  |  |  | (29135) |  |
| Fair value of options issued |  |  | 40783 |  |  |  |  | 40783 |
| Dividend to non-controlling interest |  |  |  |  |  |  | (306799) | (306799) |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  | (677592) | (180275) | (857867) |
| Net income | - | - | - | - | 2923233 | - | 1647686 | 4570919 |
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | 12700465 | $127008 | $129529901 | $(3920856) | $(41289080) | $(46613208) | $4425365 | $42259130 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** 

**Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity** 

**For the Years Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024**

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Common Stock | Common Stock | | | | | | |
|  | Shares | Amount |<br>Additional<br>Paid-in<br>Capital |<br>Treasury<br>Shares |<br>Accumulated<br>Deficit | Other<br>Compre-<br>hensive<br>Loss |<br>Non<br>Controlling<br>Interest |<br>Total<br>Stockholders'<br>Equity |
| Balance at June 30, 2023 | 12284887 | $122850 | $128476048 | $(3920856) | $(44896186) | $(45975156) | $2975053 | $36781753 |
| Common stock issued for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Services | 75035 | 752 | 167298 |  |  |  |  | 168050 |
| Fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of options issued |  |  | 101424 |  |  |  |  | 101424 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of subsidiary options issued |  |  | 39095 |  |  |  |  | 39095 |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  |  | 39540 | 325309 | 364849 |
| Net income | - | - | - | - | 683873 | - | 1394056 | 2077929 |
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | 12359922 | $123602 | $128783865 | $(3920856) | $(44212313) | $(45935616) | $4694418 | $39533100 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Cash flows from operating activities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | $4570919 | $2077929 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 1463783 | 1721800 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Provision for bad debts | 466965 | (29134) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on sale of assets | (69355) | (101864) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock based compensation | 208116 | 308569 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Changes in operating assets and liabilities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | 5453186 | (1902382) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revenues in excess of billing | (5207897) | (1205456) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other current assets | 15257 | (216944) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (197312) | 1611745 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unearned revenue | (6256395) | 645125 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities** | 447267 | 2909388 |
| **Cash flows from investing activities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of property and equipment | (1382770) | (515404) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales of property and equipment | 116783 | 223866 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of subsidiary shares | (8878) | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net cash used in investing activities** | (1274865) | (291538) |
| **Cash flows from financing activities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants | 473000 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of subsidiary options | 13728 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dividend paid by subsidiary to non-controlling interest | (306799) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of subsidiary treasury stock | (1503662) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from bank loans | 2920149 | 756936 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payments on finance lease obligations and loans - net | (773535) | (517385) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net cash provided by financing activities** | 822881 | 239551 |
| **Effect of exchange rate changes** | (1764504) | 736510 |
| **Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents** | (1769221) | 3593911 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period | 19127165 | 15533254 |
| **Cash and cash equivalents at end of period** | $17357944 | $19127165 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES** 

**Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest | $841962 | $1576454 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taxes | $1412245 | $704868 |
| NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Assets acquired under finance lease | $- | $122045 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued for accrued bonus | $151201 | $- |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS**

NetSol Technologies, Inc., was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on March 18, 1997. (NetSol Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries collectively referred to as the "Company")

The Company designs, develops, markets, and exports proprietary software products to customers in the automobile financing and leasing, banking, and financial services industries worldwide. The Company also provides system integration, consulting, and IT products and services in exchange for fees from customers.

**NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**

**Principles of Consolidation**

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company as follows:

<u>Wholly owned Subsidiaries</u>

NetSol Technologies Americas, Inc. ("NTA")

NetSol Connect (Private), Ltd. ("Connect")

NetSol Technologies Australia Pty Ltd. ("Australia")

NetSol Technologies Europe Limited ("NTE")

NetSol Technologies (Beijing) Co. Ltd. ("NetSol Beijing")

Tianjin NuoJinZhiCheng Co., Ltd ("Tianjin")

Ascent Europe Ltd. ("AEL")

Virtual Lease Services Holdings Limited ("VLSH")

Virtual Lease Services Limited ("VLS")

Virtual Lease Services (Ireland) Limited ("VLSIL")

<u>Majority-owned Subsidiaries</u>

NetSol Technologies, Ltd. ("NetSol PK")

NetSol Innovation (Private) Limited ("NetSol Innovation")

NetSol Institute of Artificial Intelligence (Private) Limited ("NIAI")

NETSOL Ascent Middle East Computer Equipment Trading LLC ("Namecet")

NetSol Technologies Thailand Limited ("NetSol Thai")

OTOZ, Inc. ("OTOZ<sup>®</sup>")

OTOZ (Thailand) Limited ("OTOZ<sup>®</sup> Thai")

The Company consolidates any variable interest entities of which it is the primary beneficiary. Equity investments through which the Company exercises significant influence over but does not control the investee and is not the primary beneficiary of the investee's activities are accounted for using the equity method. Investments through which the Company is not able to exercise significant influence over the investee, and which do not have readily determinable fair values are accounted for under the cost method. All material inter-company accounts have been eliminated in the consolidation.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**Basis of Presentation**

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP") and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

**Use of Estimates**

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The areas requiring significant estimates are the measurement of progress toward completion of long-term software implementation projects, the allocation of the transaction price in multiple performance obligations, expected credit loss on accounts receivable and revenues in excess of billings, provision for taxation, useful life of depreciable assets, useful life of intangible assets, contingencies, the determination of stock-based compensation expense and estimated contract costs. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

**Cash and Cash Equivalents**

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less which are not securing any corporate obligations.

**Concentration of Credit Risk**

Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits in accounts maintained within the United States as well as in foreign countries. Certain financial instruments, which subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist of cash and restricted cash. The Company maintains balances at financial institutions which, from time to time, may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits for the banks located in the United States. Balances at financial institutions within certain foreign countries are not covered by insurance, except balances maintained in China are insured for RMB500,000 ($69,735) in each bank and in the UK for GBP 85,000 ($116,438) in each bank. The Company maintains three bank accounts in China and nine bank accounts in the UK. As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company had uninsured deposits related to cash deposits in accounts maintained within foreign entities of approximately $16,386,079 and $18,182,002, respectively. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

The Company's operations are carried out globally. Accordingly, the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments of each country and by the general state of the country's economy. The Company's operations in each foreign country are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in economically developed nations. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environments and foreign currency exchange. The Company's results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

**Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts**

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. The Company recognizes an allowance for credit losses in accordance with ASC 326, *Financial Instrument -Credit Losses*, based on expected losses over the contractual life of the receivables. In measuring expected credit losses, management considers historical loss experience, customer credit quality, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The allowance is evaluated collectively for groups of receivables with similar risk characteristics, with specific reserves established for receivables that do not share those characteristics or when collectability is uncertain. Receivables are written off against the allowance when collection efforts have been exhausted and recovery is not expected. Recoveries of amounts previously written off are recognized when received.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**Revenues in Excess of Billings**

Revenues in excess of billings represent the total of the project to be billed to the customer for revenues recognized per US GAAP. As the customers are billed under the terms of their contract, the corresponding amount is transferred from this account to "Accounts Receivable." The Company recognizes the potential risk associated with recognizing revenues in excess of billings, including the risk of non-payment by the customer. Therefore, management continually assesses the collectability of such amounts and makes appropriate provisions or adjustments if collectability becomes doubtful.

**Property and Equipment**

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation is computed using various methods over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from three to twenty years. Following is the summary of estimated useful lives of the assets:

SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES OF ASSETS

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Category** | **Estimated Useful Life** |
| Computer equipment and software | 3 to 5 Years |
| Office furniture and equipment | 5 to 10 Years |
| Building | 20 Years |
| Autos | 5 Years |
| Assets under capital leases | 3 to 10 Years |
| Improvements | 5 to 10 Years |

---

The Company capitalizes costs of materials, consultants, and payroll and payroll-related costs for employees incurred in developing internal-use computer software. These costs are included with "Computer equipment and software."

**Impairment of Long-Lived Assets**

The Company tests long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable through the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the assets. Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

**Research and Development Costs**

Research and development expenses are comprised of salaries, benefits and overhead expenses of employees involved in software product enhancement and development, cost of outside contractors engaged to perform quality assurance, software product enhancement and development (if any). Development costs are expensed as incurred.

**Goodwill**

Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a purchase business combination. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may be impaired. In conducting its annual impairment test, the Company first reviews qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If factors indicate that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company performs a quantitative assessment, and the fair value of the reporting unit is determined by analyzing the expected present value of future cash flows. If the carrying value of the reporting unit continues to exceed its fair value, the fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is calculated and an impairment loss equal to the excess is recorded.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**Fair Value of Financial Instruments**

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820-10, *"Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures."* ASC 820-10 defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. For certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to their relatively short maturities.

The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

 ****

Level 1: Valuations consist of unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and has the highest priority.

 ****

Level 2: Valuations rely on quoted prices in markets that are not active or observable inputs over the full term of the asset or liability.

 ****

Level 3: Valuations are based on prices or third party or internal valuation models that require inputs that are significant to the fair value measurement and are less observable and thus have the lowest priority.

The Company's financial assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025, are as follows:

SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS MEASURED ON RECURRING BASIS

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total Assets |
| Revenues in excess of billings - long term | $- | $- | $903766 | $903766 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- | $- | $903766 | $903766 |

---

The Company's financial assets that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024, are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total Assets |
| Revenues in excess of billings - long term | $- | $- | $954029 | $954029 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | $954029 | $954029 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

The reconciliation for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS RECONCILIATION

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Revenues in excess of<br> billings - long term | Fair value discount | Total |
| Balance at June 30, 2023 | $- | $- | $- |
| Additions | 1107853 | (194827) | 913026 |
| Amortization during the period |  | 42814 | 42814 |
| Effect of Translation Adjustment | (1378) | (433) | (1811) |
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | $1106475 | $(152446) | $954029 |
| Additions | 559032 | (128921) | 430111 |
| Amortization during the period |  | 73066 | 73066 |
| Transfers to short term | (521875) |  | (521875) |
| Effect of Translation Adjustment | (31829) | 264 | (31565) |
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | $1111803 | $(208037) | $903766 |

---

The Company used the discounted cash flow method with interest rates ranging from 4.2% to 17.5%, for the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

**Unearned Revenue**

Unearned revenue represents billings in excess of revenue earned on contracts and are recognized on a pro-rata basis over the life of the contract.

**Cost of Revenues**

Cost of revenues includes salaries and benefits for technical employees, consultant costs, amortization of capitalized computer software development costs, depreciation of computer and equipment, travel costs, and indirect costs such as rent and insurance.

**Advertising Costs**

The Company expenses the cost of advertising as incurred. Advertising costs for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were $346,232 and $148,953, respectively.

**Share-Based Compensation**

The Company records stock compensation in accordance with ASC 718, *Compensation – Stock Compensation*. ASC 718 requires companies to measure compensation cost for stock employee compensation at fair value at the grant date and recognize the expense over the employee's requisite service period. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. The Company recognizes in the statement of operations the grant-date fair value of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**Income Taxes**

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain.

When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Applicable interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as additional income taxes in the statements of operations.

**Foreign Currency Translation**

The Company transacts business in various foreign currencies. The following table represents the functional currencies of the Company and its subsidiaries:

SCHEDULE OF FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| The Company and Subsidiaries | Functional Currency |
| NetSol Technologies, Inc. | USD |
| NTA | USD |
| Otoz | USD |
| NTE | British Pound |
| AEL | British Pound |
| VLSH | British Pound |
| VLS | British Pound |
| VLSIL | Euro |
| NetSol PK | Pakistan Rupee |
| Connect | Pakistan Rupee |
| NetSol Innovation | Pakistan Rupee |
| NIAI | Pakistan Rupee |
| NetSol Thai | Thai Bhat |
| Otoz Thai | Thai Bhat |
| Australia | Australian Dollar |
| Namecet | AED |
| NetSol Beijing | Chinese Yuan |
| Tianjin | Chinese Yuan |

---

The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded to other comprehensive income.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**Statement of Cash Flows**

The Company's cash flows from operations are calculated based upon the local currencies. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statement of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheet.

**Segment Reporting**

The Company defines operating segments as components about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company allocates its resources and assesses the performance of its sales activities based on the geographic locations of its subsidiaries.

**Recent Accounting Standards Adopted by the Company:**

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07, *Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,* which expands reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), a description of other segment items by reportable segment, and any additional measures of a segment's profit or loss used by the CODM when deciding how to allocate resources. The Company adopted the standard on a retrospective basis and made the required annual disclosures as of June 30, 2025. Interim disclosures are required for periods within fiscal years beginning in the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year 2026. As the guidance only requires additional disclosure, there were no effects of adoption on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. See Note 17 – Segment Information and Geographic Areas for the segment disclosure required under this ASU.

**Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted by the Company:**

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09 – *Income Taxes (Topic ASC 740) Income Taxes*. This ASU improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation, as well as disaggregated income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. For the Company, this corresponds to fiscal year 2026. The amendments will be applied on a prospective basis, although retrospective application for prior periods is permitted. The Company expects the adoption of this ASU to result in additional disclosures but does not anticipate any impact on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2024-03, *Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses*. Additionally, in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03. The standard requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization from each relevant expense caption. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, which corresponds to the Company's fiscal year 2028 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, which corresponds to the Company's first quarter of fiscal 2029. Early adoption and retrospective application are permitted but not required. The Company plans to adopt the standard and make the required disclosures beginning in fiscal year 2028 for annual periods and in Q1 of fiscal 2029 for interim periods. The Company expects the adoption of this ASU to result in additional disclosures but does not anticipate any impact on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

All other newly issued accounting pronouncements not yet effective have been deemed either immaterial or not applicable.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**NOTE 3 – REVENUE RECOGNITION**

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Identification
 of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

● Identification
 of the performance obligations in the contract;

● Determination
 of the transaction price;

● Allocation
 of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

● Recognition
 of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company records the amount of revenue and related costs by considering whether the entity is a principal (gross presentation) or an agent (net presentation) by evaluating the nature of its promise to the customer. Revenue is presented net of sales, value-added and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities.

The Company has two primary revenue streams: core revenue and non-core revenue.

**Core Revenue**

The Company generates its core revenue from the following sources: (1) software licenses, (2) services, which include implementation and consulting services, and (3) subscription and support, which includes post-contract support, of its enterprise software solutions for the lease and finance industry. The Company offers its software using the same underlying technology via two models: a traditional on-premises licensing model and a subscription model. The on-premises model involves the sale or license of software on a perpetual basis to customers who take possession of the software and install and maintain the software on their own hardware. Under the subscription delivery model, the Company provides access to its software on a hosted basis as a service and customers generally do not have the contractual right to take possession of the software.

**Non-Core Revenue**

The Company generates its non-core revenue by providing business process outsourcing ("BPO"), other IT services and internet services.

**Performance Obligations**

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account under Topic 606. The transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised good or service to the customer. The Company identifies and tracks the performance obligations at contract inception so that the Company can monitor and account for the performance obligations over the life of the contract.

The Company's contracts which contain multiple performance obligations generally consist of the initial purchase of subscription or licenses and a professional services engagement. License purchases generally have multiple performance obligations as customers purchase post-contract support and services in addition to the licenses. The Company's single performance obligation arrangements are typically post-contract support renewals, subscription renewals and services engagements.

For contracts with multiple performance obligations where the contracted price differs from the standard-alone selling price ("SSP") for any distinct good or service, the Company may be required to allocate the contract's transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate for the SSP.

*Software Licenses*

Transfer of control for software is considered to have occurred upon delivery of the product to the customer. The Company's typical payment terms tend to vary by region, but its standard payment terms are within 30 days of invoice.

 

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

 

*Subscription*

Subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the initial subscription period committed to by the customer commencing when the product is made available to the customer. The initial subscription period is typically 12 to 60 months. The Company generally invoices its customers in advance in quarterly or annual installments and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

*Post Contract Support*

Revenue from support services and product updates, referred to as subscription and support revenue, is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance period, which in most instances is one year. Software license updates provide customers with rights to unspecified software product updates and patches released during the term of the support period on a when-and-if available basis. The Company's customers purchase both product support and license updates when they acquire new software licenses. In addition, a majority of customers renew their support services contracts annually and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

 

*Professional Services*

Revenue from professional services is typically comprised of implementation, development, data migration, training or other consulting services. Consulting services are generally sold on a time-and-materials or fixed fee basis and can include services ranging from software installation to data conversion and building non-complex interfaces to allow the software to operate in integrated environments. The Company recognizes revenue for time-and-materials arrangements as the services are performed. In fixed fee arrangements, revenue is recognized as services are performed as measured by costs incurred to date, compared to total estimated costs to complete the services project. Management applies judgment when estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete the services projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization and efficiency variances and specification and testing requirement changes. Services are generally invoiced upon milestones in the contract or upon consumption of the hourly resources and payments are typically due 30 days after invoice.

 

*BPO and Internet Services*

Revenue from BPO services is recognized based on the stage of completion which is measured by reference to labor hours incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated labor hours for each contract. Internet services are invoiced either monthly, quarterly or half yearly in advance to the customers and revenue is recognized ratably overtime on a monthly basis.

**Disaggregated Revenue**

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by category -- core and non-core, as it believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

The Company's disaggregated revenue by category is as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Core:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;License | $598633 | $5449991 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subscription and support | 32934648 | 27952768 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 28921965 | 22526010 |
| Total core revenue, net | 62455246 | 55928769 |
| **Non-Core:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 3632983 | 5464322 |
| Total non-core revenue, net | 3632983 | 5464322 |
| Total net revenue | $66088229 | $61393091 |

---

**Significant Judgments**

More judgments and estimates are required under Topic 606 than were required under Topic 605. Due to the complexity of certain contracts, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under Topic 606 for the Company's arrangements may be dependent on contract-specific terms and may vary in some instances.

Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The Company rarely licenses or sells products on a stand-alone basis, so the Company is required to estimate the range of SSPs for each performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable because the Company does not sell the license, product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. In making these judgments, the Company analyzes various factors, including its pricing methodology and consistency, size of the arrangement, length of term, customer demographics and overall market and economic conditions. Based on these results, the estimated SSP is set for each distinct product or service delivered to customers.

The most significant inputs involved in the Company's revenue recognition policies are: The (1) stand-alone selling prices of the Company's software license, and the (2) the method of recognizing revenue for installation/customization, and other services.

The stand-alone selling price of the licenses was measured primarily through an analysis of pricing that management evaluated when quoting prices to customers. Although the Company has no history of selling its software separately from post-contract support and other services, the Company does have historical experience with amending contracts with customers to provide additional modules of its software or providing those modules at an optional price. This information guides the Company in assessing the stand-alone selling price of the Company's software, since the Company can observe instances where a customer had a particular component of the Company's software that was essentially priced separate from other goods and services that the Company delivered to that customer.

The Company recognizes revenue from implementation and customization services using the percentage of estimated "man-days" that the work requires. The Company believes the level of effort to complete the services is best measured by the amount of time (measured as an employee working for one day on implementation/customization work) that is required to complete the implementation or customization work. The Company reviews its estimate of man-days required to complete implementation and customization services each reporting period.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

Revenue is recognized over time for the Company's subscription, post contract support and fixed fee professional services that are separate performance obligations. For the Company's professional services, revenue is recognized over time, generally using costs incurred or hours expended to measure progress. Judgment is required in estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization, specification variances and testing requirement changes.

If a group of agreements are entered at or near the same time and so closely related that they are, in effect, part of a single arrangement, such agreements are deemed to be combined as one arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. The Company exercises significant judgment to evaluate the relevant facts and circumstances in determining whether agreements should be accounted for separately or as a single arrangement. The Company's judgments about whether a group of contracts comprise a single arrangement can affect the allocation of consideration to the distinct performance obligations, which could have an effect on results of operations for the periods involved.

If a contract includes variable consideration, the Company exercises judgment in estimating the amount of consideration to which the entity will be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to a customer. When estimating variable consideration, the Company will consider all relevant facts and circumstances. Variable consideration will be estimated and included in the contract price only when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognized will not occur.

**Contract Balances** 

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers, and these timing differences result in receivables, contract assets (revenues in excess of billings), or contract liabilities (unearned revenue) on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company records revenues in excess of billings when the Company has transferred goods or services but does not yet have the right to consideration. The Company records unearned revenue when the Company has received or has the right to receive consideration but has not yet transferred goods or services to the customer.

The revenues in excess of billings are transferred to receivables when the rights to consideration become unconditional, usually upon completion of a milestone.

The Company's revenues in excess of billings and unearned revenue are as follows:

**** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Revenues in excess of billings | $19134385 | $13638547 |
| Unearned revenue | $3029850 | $8752153 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

The Company's unearned revenue reconciliation is as follows:

**** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | Unearned Revenue |
| Balance at June 30, 2023 | $7932306 |
| Invoiced | 24039382 |
| Revenue Recognized | (23216573) |
| Adjustments | (2962) |
| Balance at June 30, 2024 | $8752153 |
| Invoiced | 23567456 |
| Revenue Recognized | (29201839) |
| Adjustments | (87920) |
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | $3029850 |

---

During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized revenue of $8,450,000, which was included in the unearned revenue balance at the beginning of the period. All other activity in unearned revenue is due to the timing of invoicing in relation to the timing of revenue recognition.

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, which includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted but unsatisfied performance obligations were approximately $21,759,000 as of June 30, 2025, of which the Company estimates to recognize approximately $15,877,000 in revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder over an estimated 3 years thereafter. Actual revenue recognition depends in part on the timing of software modules installed at various customer sites. Accordingly, some factors that affect the Company's revenue, such as the availability and demand for modules within customer geographic locations, is not entirely within the Company's control. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, the Company has determined that its contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing the Company's products and services, and not to facilitate financing arrangements.

**Unearned Revenue**

The Company typically invoices its customers for subscription and support fees in advance on a quarterly or annual basis, with payment due at the start of the subscription or support term. Unpaid invoice amounts for non-cancelable license and services starting in future periods are included in accounts receivable and unearned revenue.

**Practical Expedients and Exemptions**

There are several practical expedients and exemptions allowed under Topic 606 that impact timing of revenue recognition and the Company's disclosures. The Company has applied the following practical expedients:

● The Company does not evaluate a contract for a significant financing component if payment is expected within one year or less from the transfer of the promised items to the customer.

● The Company generally expenses sales commissions and sales agent fees when incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less or the commissions are based on cashed received. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

● The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed (applies to time-and-material engagements).

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**Costs to Obtain a Contract**

The Company does not have a material amount of costs to obtain a contract capitalized at any balance sheet date. In general, the Company incurs few direct incremental costs of obtaining new customer contracts. The Company rarely incurs incremental costs to review or otherwise enter into contractual arrangements with customers. In addition, the Company's sales personnel receive fees that are referred to as commissions, but that are based on more than simply signing up new customers. The Company's sales personnel are required to perform additional duties beyond new customer contract inception dates, including fulfillment duties and collections efforts.

**NOTE 4 – EARNINGS PER SHARE**

Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options and stock awards.

The components of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the year ended June 30, 2025** | **For the year ended June 30, 2025** | **For the year ended June 30, 2025** |
|  | **Net Income** | **Shares** | **Per Share** |
| Basic income per share: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | $2923233 | 11576287 | $0.25 |
| Effect of dilutive securities |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock options | - | - | - |
| Diluted income per share | $2923233 | 11576287 | $0.25 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the year ended June 30, 2024** | **For the year ended June 30, 2024** | **For the year ended June 30, 2024** |
|  | **Net Income** | **Shares** | **Per Share** |
| Basic income per share: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | $683873 | 11378595 | $0.06 |
| Effect of dilutive securities |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock options | - | 43345 | - |
| Diluted income per share | $683873 | 11421940 | $0.06 |

---

As of June 30, 2025, 50,000 options were outstanding. These options were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their exercise price exceeded the average market price of the Company's common stock during the period and, therefore, their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

As of June 30, 2024, 250,000 options were outstanding. The effect of these options on diluted earnings per share was 43,345 incremental shares, calculated using the treasury stock method.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**NOTE 5 – MAJOR CUSTOMERS**

The following table describes the revenues from major customers:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | % | 2024 | % |
| **Net Revenues:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Daimler Financial Services | $12593836 | 19.1% | $15670054 | 25.5% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BMW Financial | $10671666 | 16.1% | $4334024 | 7.1% |

---

The following table describes the receivables from major customers:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Accounts Receivable |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Daimler Financial Services | $1268847 | $538648 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BMW Financial | $850319 | $505875 |
| Revenue in Excess of Billing |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Daimler Financial Services | $489208 | $892109 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BMW Financial | $2303982 | $1419997 |

---

**NOTE 6 - OTHER CURRENT ASSETS** 

Other current assets consisted of the following:

**** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Prepaid Expenses | $1760321 | $1314524 |
| Advance Income Tax | 406221 | 300368 |
| Employee Advances | 151355 | 165264 |
| Security Deposits | 159849 | 199633 |
| Other Receivables | 410489 | 258880 |
| Other Assets | 315233 | 362117 |
| Net Balance | $3203468 | $2600786 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**NOTE 7 – REVENUES IN EXCESS OF BILLINGS – LONG TERM**

Revenues in excess of billings, net consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Revenues in excess of billings - long term | $1111803 | $1106475 |
| Present value discount | (208037) | (152446) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net Balance | $903766 | $954029 |

---

Pursuant to revenue recognition for contract accounting, the Company had recorded revenues in excess of billings long-term for amounts billable after one year. During the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company accreted $73,066 and $42,814, respectively, which was recorded in interest income for that period. The Company used the discounted cash flow method with interest rates ranging from 4.2% to 17.5%, for the year ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

**NOTE 8 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT**

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Office Furniture and Equipment | $2437002 | $2352940 |
| Computer Equipment | 9513181 | 8679791 |
| Assets Under Capital Leases | 145197 | 154718 |
| Building | 3532475 | 3602819 |
| Land | 894698 | 913473 |
| Autos | 1603271 | 1658961 |
| Improvements | 217230 | 206387 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subtotal | 18343054 | 17569089 |
| Accumulated Depreciation | (13269682) | (12462247) |
| Property and Equipment, Net | $5073372 | $5106842 |

---

For the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, depreciation expense totaled $1,463,783 and $1,595,959, respectively. Of these amounts, $952,331 and $1,018,768, respectively, are reflected in cost of revenues.

Following is a summary of fixed assets held under capital leases as of June 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Vehicles | $145197 | $154718 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | 145197 | 154718 |
| Less: Accumulated Depreciation - Net | (47807) | (25078) |
| Fixed assets held under capital leases, Total | $97390 | $129640 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

Finance lease term and discount rate were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Weighted average remaining lease term - Finance leases | 1.75 Years | 2.75 Years |
| Weighted average discount rate - Finance leases | 11.3% | 11.3% |

---

**NOTE 9 - LEASES**

The Company leases certain office space, office equipment and autos with remaining lease terms of 1 to 10 years under leases classified as financing and operating. For certain leases, the Company has options to extend the lease term for additional periods ranging from 1 to 10 years.

The Company treats a contract as a lease when the contract conveys the right to use a physically distinct asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, or the Company directs the use of the asset and obtains substantially all the economic benefits of the asset. These leases are recorded as right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease obligation liabilities for leases with terms greater than 12 months. ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the entirety of the lease term. Lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make payments over the life of the lease. An ROU asset and a lease liability are recognized at the commencement of the lease based on the present value of the lease payments over the life of the lease. Initial direct costs are included as part of the ROU asset upon commencement of the lease. Since the interest rate implicit in a lease is generally not readily determinable for the operating leases, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar lease term to obtain an asset of similar value. For finance leases, the Company used the incremental borrowing rate implicit in the lease.

The Company reviews the impairment of ROU assets consistent with the approach applied for the Company's other long-lived assets. The Company reviews the recoverability of long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on the Company's ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations.

The Company elected the practical expedient to exclude short-term leases (leases with original terms of 12 months or less) from ROU asset and lease liability accounts.

Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. Variable payments change due to facts or circumstances occurring after the commencement date, other than the passage of time, and do not result in a re-measurement of lease liabilities. The Company's variable lease payments include payments for finance leases that are adjusted based on a change in the Karachi Inter Bank Offer Rate. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Assets |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease assets, net | $809513 | $1328624 |
| Liabilities |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Current |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating | $433242 | $608202 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-current |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating | 333374 | 688749 |
| Total Lease Liabilities | $766616 | $1296951 |

---

The components of lease cost were as follows:

SCHEDULE OF COMPONENTS OF LEASE COST

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| Amortization of finance lease assets | $37228 | $15061 |
| Interest on finance lease obligation | 11845 | 6206 |
| Operating lease cost | 383760 | 403438 |
| Short term lease cost | 237733 | 297014 |
| Sub lease income | (34180) | (33417) |
| Total lease cost | $636386 | $688302 |

---

Lease term and discount rate were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Weighted average remaining lease term - Operating leases | 1.44 Years | 1.99 Years |
| Weighted average discount rate - Operating leases | 4.8% | 4.5% |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information related to leases were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| Operating cash flows related to operating leases | $364956 | $322953 |
| Operating cash flows related to finance leases | $11841 | $6203 |
| Financing cash flows related finance leases | $15109 | $25477 |

---

Maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows as of June 30, 2025:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | Amount |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within year 1 | $468065 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within year 2 | 243590 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within year 3 | 111053 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within year 4 | 465 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Lease Payments | 823173 |
| Less: Imputed interest | (56557) |
| Present Value of lease liabilities | 766616 |
| Less: Current portion | (433242) |
| Non-Current portion | $333374 |

---

The Company is a lessor for certain office space leased by the Company and sub-leased to others under non-cancellable leases. These lease agreements provide for a fixed base rent and terminate by January 2027. All leases are considered operating leases. There are no rights to purchase the premises and no residual value guarantees. For the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company received lease income of $34,180 and $33,417, respectively.

**NOTE 10 – GOODWILL**

Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in prior period business combinations. Goodwill was comprised of the following amounts:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of | As of |
| Entity (Segment) | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 |
| NetSol PK (Asia - Pacific) | $1166610 | $1166610 |
| NTE (Europe) | 3471814 | 3471814 |
| NTA (North America) | 4664100 | 4664100 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $9302524 | $9302524 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**NOTE 11 - ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES**

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consisted of the following:

****

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of<br>June 30, 2025 | As of<br>June 30, 2024 |
| Accounts Payable | $981504 | $1426930 |
| Accrued Liabilities | 4502366 | 4323662 |
| Accrued Payroll | 1313127 | 1392112 |
| Accrued Payroll Taxes | 329618 | 215197 |
| Taxes Payable | 600199 | 634035 |
| Other Payable | 284030 | 240406 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $8010844 | $8232342 |

---

**NOTE 12 – DEBTS**

Notes payable and capital leases consisted of the following:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | As of June 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 | As of June 30, 2025 |
|  |  | | Current | Long-Term |
| Name |  | Total | Maturities | Maturities |
| D&O Insurance | (1) | $119542 | $119542 | $- |
| Line of Credit | (2) | 405000 | 405000 |  |
| Bank Overdraft Facility | (3) |  |  |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Export Refinance | (4) | 1759634 | 1759634 |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Running Finance | (5) |  |  |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Export Refinance II | (6) | 1337322 | 1337322 |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Export Refinance III | (7) | 4575048 | 4575048 |  |
| Sale and Leaseback Financing | (8) | 76618 | 29660 | 46958 |
| Short Term Financing | (9) | - | - | - |
|  |  | 8273164 | 8226206 | 46958 |
| Subsidiary Finance Leases | (10) | 101505 | 13855 | 87650 |
|  |  | $8374669 | $8240061 | $134608 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | As of June 30, 2024 | As of June 30, 2024 | As of June 30, 2024 |
|  |  | | Current | Long-Term |
| Name |  | Total | Maturities | Maturities |
| D&O Insurance | (1) | $124314 | $124314 | $- |
| Line of Credit | (2) |  |  |  |
| Bank Overdraft Facility | (3) |  |  |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Export Refinance | (4) | 1796558 | 1796558 |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Running Finance | (5) |  |  |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Export Refinance II | (6) | 1365384 | 1365384 |  |
| Loan Payable Bank - Export Refinance III | (7) | 2515181 | 2515181 |  |
| Sale and Leaseback Financing | (8) | 56842 | 47158 | 9684 |
| Short Term Financing | (9) | 412655 | 412655 | - |
|  |  | 6270934 | 6261250 | 9684 |
| Subsidiary Finance Leases | (10) | 100962 | 14875 | 86087 |
|  |  | $6371896 | $6276125 | $95771 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) The Company finances
Directors' and Officers' ("D&O") liability insurance and Errors and Omissions ("E&O") liability
insurance, for which the D&O and E&O balances are renewed on an annual basis and, as such, are recorded in current maturities.
The interest rates on these financings range from 8.4 % to 11.6 % and 8.6 % to 10.9 % as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) The
 Company has an uncommitted discretionary demand line of credit up to an aggregate amount of $1,000,000 with HSBC, secured by a lien on the Company's assets. The annual interest rate was 7.75 % and 8.75 %
 as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The total outstanding balance as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, was $405,000 and $ nil ,
 respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) The Company's
subsidiary, NTE, has an overdraft facility with HSBC Bank plc whereby the bank would cover any overdrafts up to £300,000 , or approximately
$410,959 . The annual interest rate was 8.5 % and 9.5 % as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The total outstanding balance as of
June 30, 2025 and 2024 was £ nil.

This overdraft facility requires that the aggregate amount of invoiced trade debtors (net of provisions for bad and doubtful debts and excluding intra-group debtors) of NTE, not exceeding 90 days old, will not be less than an amount equal to 200% of the facility. As of June 30, 2025, NTE was in compliance with this covenant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) The Company's
subsidiary, NetSol PK, has an export refinance facility with Askari Bank Limited, secured by NetSol PK's assets. This is a revolving
loan that matures every six months. The total facility amount is Rs. 600,000,000 or $2,111,561 and Rs. 500,000,000 or $1,796,558 at June
30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. NetSol PK used Rs. 500,000,000 or $1,759,634 at June 30, 2025 and Rs. 500,000,000 or $1,796,558 at June
30, 2024. The interest rate for the loan was 8.0 % and 17.5 % at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5) The Company's
subsidiary, NetSol PK, has a running finance facility with Askari Bank Limited, secured by NetSol PK's assets. The total facility
amount is Rs. 4,050,937 or $14,256 and Rs. 53,600,000 or $192,591 , at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The balance outstanding at
June 30, 2025 and 2024 was Rs. Nil. The interest rate for the loan was 13.2 % and 22.2 % at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

These facilities require NetSol PK to maintain a long-term debt equity ratio of 60:40 and the current ratio of 1:1. As of June 30, 2025, NetSol PK was in compliance with this covenant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6) The Company's
subsidiary, NetSol PK, has an export refinance facility with Samba Bank Limited, secured by NetSol PK's assets. This is a revolving
loan that matures every six months. The total facility amount is Rs. 380,000,000 or $1,337,322 and Rs. 380,000,000 or $1,365,384 , at
June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. NetSol PK used Rs. 380,000,000 or $1,337,322 and Rs. 380,000,000 or $1,365,384 , at June 30, 2025
and 2024, respectively. The interest rate for the loan was 8.0 % and 17.5 % at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

During the loan tenure, the facilities from Samba Bank Limited require NetSol PK to maintain at a minimum a current ratio of 1:1, an interest coverage ratio of 4 times, a leverage ratio of 2 times, and a debt service coverage ratio of 4 times. As of June 30, 2025, NetSol PK was in compliance with these covenants.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(7) The Company's
subsidiary, NetSol PK, has an export refinance facility with Habib Metro Bank Limited, secured by NetSol PK's assets. This is a
revolving loan that matures every nine months. The total facility amount is Rs. 1,300,000,000 or $4,575,048 and Rs. 900,000,000 or $3,233,804 ,
at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. NetSol PK used Rs. 1,300,000,000 or $4,575,048 and Rs. 700,000,000 or $2,515,181 , at June 30,
2025 and 2024, respectively. The interest rate for the loan was 8.0 % and 17.5 % at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(8) The Company's
subsidiary, NetSol PK, availed sale and leaseback financing from First Habib Modaraba secured by the transfer of the vehicles'
title. As of June 30, 2025, NetSol PK used Rs. 21,771,042 or $76,618 of which $46,958 was shown as long-term and $29,660 as current.
As of June 30, 2024, NetSol PK used Rs. 15,819,683 or $56,842 of which $9,684 was shown as long-term and $47,158 as current. The interest
rate for the loan ranged between 12.3 % and 24.2 % at June 30, 2025. The interest rate for the loan ranged between 22.7 % and 24.2 % at June
30, 2024.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(9) The Company's
subsidiary, NetSol Beijing, has a short-term loan facility with Bank of China, secured by the personal guarantee of the General Manager
of NetSol Beijing for a period of one year. The facility amount was CNY 3,000,000 or $418,410 . NetSol Beijing paid off this facility
during the period ended June 30, 2025. At June 30, 2024, NetSol Beijing used CNY 3,000,000 or $412,655 . The interest rate of the loan
was 3.8 % at June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(10) The Company leases
various fixed assets under capital lease arrangements expiring in various years through 2028. The assets and liabilities under capital
leases are recorded at the lower of the present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the asset. The assets are secured
by the assets themselves. Depreciation of assets under capital leases is included in depreciation expense for the years ended June 30,
2025 and 2024.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

Following is the aggregate minimum future lease payments under capital leases as of June 30, 2025:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | Amount |
| Minimum Lease Payments |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within year 1 | $27582 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within year 2 | 91896 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within year 3 | 6162 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Minimum Lease Payments | 125640 |
| Interest Expense relating to future periods | (24135) |
| Present Value of minimum lease payments | 101505 |
| Less: Current portion | (13855) |
| Non-Current portion | $87650 |

---

Following is the aggregate future long term debt payments, which consists of "Sale and Leaseback Financing (8)", as of June 30, 2025:

SCHEDULE OF AGGREGATE FUTURE LONG TERM DEBT PAYMENTS

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | Amount |
| Loan Payments |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within year 1 | $29660 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within year 2 | 23128 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Within year 3 | 23830 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Loan Payments | 76618 |
| Less: Current portion | (29660) |
| Non-Current portion | $46958 |

---

**NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES**

The Company is incorporated in the State of Nevada and registered to do business in the State of California. The following is a breakdown of income before the provision for income taxes:

Consolidated pre-tax income (loss) consists of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Years Ended June 30,** | **Years Ended June 30,** |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| US operations | $1099957 | $(1719058) |
| Foreign operations | 4947300 | 4942505 |
| Net income before income taxes | $6047257 | $3223447 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Years Ended June 30,** | **Years Ended June 30,** |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| Current: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal | $- | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;State and Local | 1600 | 1600 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign | 1411601 | 1143918 |
| Deferred: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;State and Local |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign | 63137 | - |
| Provision for income taxes | $1476338 | $1145518 |

---

A reconciliation of taxes computed at the statutory federal income tax rate to income tax expense (benefit) is as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Years Ended June 30,** | **Years Ended June 30,** | **Years Ended June 30,** | |
|  | 2025 | | 2024 | |
| Income tax (benefit) provision at statutory rate | $1269924 | 21.0% | $676924 | 21.0% |
| State income (benefit) taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 422099 | 7.0% | 224997 | 7.0% |
| Foreign earnings taxed at different rates | 90483 | 1.5% | (238995) | -7.4% |
| Change in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets | (179699) | -3.0% | 351633 | 10.9% |
| Other | (126469) | -2.1% | 130959 | 4.1% |
| Provision for income taxes | $1476338 | 24.4% | $1145518 | 35.5% |

---

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 consist of tax effects of temporary differences related to the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Years Ended June 30,** | **Years Ended June 30,** |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| Net operating loss carry forwards | $10963495 | $11190703 |
| Other | 200323 | 152814 |
| Net deferred tax assets | 11163818 | 11343517 |
| Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets | (11163818) | (11343517) |
| Net deferred tax assets | $- | $- |

---

The Company has established a full valuation allowance as management believes it is more likely than not that these assets will not be realized in the future. The valuation allowance decreased by $179,699 for the year ended June 30, 2025.

At June 30, 2025, federal and state net operating loss carry forwards in the United States of America were $29,570,036 and $8,736,297, respectively. Federal net operating loss carry forwards begin to expire in 2028, while state net operating loss carry forwards are expiring each year. Due to both historical and recent changes in the capitalization structure of the Company, the utilization of net operating losses may be limited pursuant to section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Net operating losses related to foreign entities were $16,546,754 at June 30, 2025.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

As of June 30, 2025, the Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits related to various federal and state income tax matters. The Company will recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is currently open to audit under the statute of limitations by the federal and state jurisdictions for the years ending June 30, 2022 through 2024. The Company does not anticipate any material amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

The cumulative amount of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that the Company intends to permanently invest and upon which no deferred US income taxes have been provided is $29,879,503 as of June 30, 2025. The additional US income tax on unremitted foreign earnings, if repatriated, would be offset in part by foreign tax credits. The extent of this offset would depend on many factors, including the method of distribution, and specific earnings distributed. The Company determined that it is not practicable to determine unrecognized deferred tax liability associated with the unremitted earnings attributable to the foreign subsidiaries.

**NOTE 14 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY**

During the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company issued 58,335 and 70,035 shares of common stock, respectively, to the independent Board of Directors as part of their board compensation. The grant date fair value of the shares was $159,000 for each period, and was recorded as compensation expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company issued 59,528 shares of common stock to the CEO for his bonus earned in fiscal year 2024. The fair market value of the shares was $151,201.

During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company issued 2,680 shares of common stock to a consultant pursuant to the terms of his consultancy agreement. The grant date fair value of the shares was $8,333 and was recorded as compensation expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

During the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued 5,000 shares of common stock to employees pursuant to the terms of their employment agreements. The grant date fair value of the shares was $9,050 and was recorded as compensation expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

**NOTE 15 – EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN**

At the Company's 2025 annual meeting of shareholders, the shareholders approved the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2025 Plan"). The 2025 Plan is the Company's sole active equity compensation plan and provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance awards, and other stock-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants. The maximum number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the 2025 Plan is 1,100,000. Shares subject to awards that are forfeited, canceled, or expire without being exercised become available for grant under the plan. The 2025 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which has discretion to determine the terms of awards, including vesting and performance conditions. The exercise price of stock options may not be less than the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant, and the maximum term of any option is ten years. As of June 30, 2025, the remaining shares to be granted are 998,109 under the 2025 Plan.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**<u>Stock Grants</u>**

The following table summarizes stock grants awarded as compensation:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | # Number of shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($) |
| Unvested, June 30, 2023 |  | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 75035 | $2.24 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vested | (75035) | $2.24 |
| Unvested, June 30, 2024 |  | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 120543 | $2.64 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vested | (120543) | $2.64 |
| Unvested, June 30, 2025 | - | $- |

---

For the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded compensation expense of $167,333 and $168,050, respectively. In addition, 59,528 shares were issued to the CEO for his bonus, which was earned during fiscal year 2024. The weighted average grant date fair value is determined by the Company's closing stock price on the grant date.

Common stock purchase options consisted of the following:

**OPTIONS:**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | # of shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) | Aggregated Intrinsic Value |
| Outstanding and exercisable, June 30, 2023 |  | $- |  | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 250000 | 2.15 | 0.5 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expired / Cancelled | - | - | - |  |
| Outstanding and exercisable, June 30, 2024 | 250000 | $2.15 | 0.50 | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 50000 | 2.94 | 1.89 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised | (220000) | 2.15 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expired / Cancelled | (30000) | 2.15 | - |  |
| Outstanding and exercisable, June 30, 2025 | 50000 | $2.94 | 1.89 | $8500 |

---

The aggregate intrinsic value at June 30, 2025 represents the difference between the Company's closing stock price of $3.11 on June 30, 2025 and the exercise price of the in-the-money stock options.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2025.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Exercise Price | Number Outstanding and Exercisable | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
| **<u>OPTIONS:</u>** |  |  |  |
| $2.94 | 50000 | 1.89 | $2.94 |
| Totals | 50000 | 1.89 | $2.94 |

---

**OPTIONS**

During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company granted 50,000 options to a consultant with an exercise price of $2.94 per share, a two-year expiration date, and immediate vesting. Using the Black-Scholes method to value the options, the Company recorded $25,149 in compensation expense for these options in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

During the year ended June 30, 2024, the Company granted 250,000 options to officers and employees with an exercise price of $2.15 per share, a one-year expiration date, and immediate vesting. Using the Black-Scholes method to value the options, the Company recorded $101,424 in compensation expense for these options in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The fair market value was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The following table includes the assumptions used in the calculations:

SCHEDULE OF SHARE OPTION ASSUMPTIONS

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2024 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 3.99% | 5.24% |
| Expected life | 1 year | 6 months |
| Expected volatility | 38.8% | 63.60% |
| Expected dividend | 0% | 0% |

---

In determining the fair value of share options, the Company utilized the **simplified method** to estimate the expected term for certain share option grants. The simplified method was applied due to the Company's lack of sufficient historical data on employee exercise behavior, which would otherwise be necessary to develop a more precise estimate of the expected term. The simplified method estimates the expected term as the midpoint between the vesting period and the contractual term of the options.

In determining the fair value of share options, the Company utilized historical volatility as the basis for its expected volatility assumption. Historical volatility was calculated using the daily closing prices of the Company's common stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the share options. The Company determined that historical volatility was an appropriate measure of future expectations, as it reflects the stock's past performance and market conditions. No significant adjustments were made to historical volatility, as the Company believes it provides a reasonable estimate of expected volatility for the purposes of option valuation.

**NOTE 16 – RETIREMENT PLANS** 

The Company and its subsidiaries have varying defined contribution plans based on country-specific laws. Employer contributions vary by subsidiary from 0% up to 8% taking the form in some jurisdictions of employee matching contributions and in others direct employer contributions mandated by local law. During the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company contributed $1,363,234 and $1,156,977, respectively, to these plans.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**NOTE 17 – SEGMENT INFORMATION AND GEOGRAPHIC AREAS** 

The Company has identified three segments for its products and services: North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. The reportable segments are business units located in different global regions. Each business unit provides similar products and services: license fees for leasing and asset-based software, subscription and support fees, and implementation and IT consulting services. Separate management of each segment is required because each business unit is subject to different operational issues and strategies due to its particular regional location. The Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM") evaluates performance and allocates resources based on gross profit and income from operations. The Company has designated its Chief Executive Officer as the CODM.

Segment assets include all assets attributable to operations within the respective geographic regions, including cash, accounts receivable, revenue in excess of billings, and property, plant, and equipment. Corporate assets, which primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, goodwill, and assets associated with the Company's corporate headquarters, are not allocated to the geographic segments and are shown separately.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 1, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies." Intersegment revenues are eliminated in consolidation.

Prior year results have been restated to conform to the current year presentation, reflecting the use of gross profit and income from operations as the measures of segment performance evaluated by the CODM.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

The following tables present financial information by reportable segment for the year ended June 30, 2025:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Year Ended | For the Year Ended | For the Year Ended | For the Year Ended |
|  | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2025 |
|  | North America | Europe | Asia - Pacific | Total |
| Revenues |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;License | $- | $111377 | $487256 | $598633 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subscription and support | 5603900 | 4560260 | 22770488 | 32934648 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 6399927 | 9972363 | 16182658 | 32554948 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Intersegment revenues |  |  | 7000458 | 7000458 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue from reportable segments | $12003827 | $14644000 | $46440860 | $73088687 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Elimination of intersegment revenues |  |  |  | (7000458) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total consolidated revenues |  |  |  | $66088229 |
| Revenues from reportable segments | $12003827 | $14644000 | $46440860 | $73088687 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Salaries and consultants | 2074573 | 4607703 | 19115189 | 25797465 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Travel | 277680 | 162193 | 1623638 | 2063511 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation |  |  | 952331 | 952331 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other <sup>(a)</sup> | 3497607 | 4836247 | 3366994 | 11700848 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gross Profit | 6153967 | 5037857 | 21382708 | 32574532 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and marketing | 2103890 | 1341023 | 6278262 | 9723175 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 3167 | 186927 | 321358 | 511452 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 755194 | 4059517 | 8502694 | 13317405 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income (loss) from operations - reportable segments | $3291716 | $(549610) | $6280394 | $9022500 |
| Reconciliation: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income (loss) from operations - reportable segments |  |  |  | $9022500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate operating expenses |  |  |  | (5520782) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense |  |  |  | (871355) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income |  |  |  | 1871040 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange transactions |  |  |  | 1301613 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income (expense) |  |  |  | 244241 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income (loss) before income taxes |  |  |  | $6047257 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of | As of | As of | As of |
|  | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2025 | June 30, 2025 |
| Segment assets: | North America | Europe | Asia - Pacific | Total |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash | $387955 | $1138048 | $15248031 | $16774034 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net of allowance | 581872 | 1084418 | 5861282 | 7527572 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revenue in excess of billings, net of allowance | 1967757 | 3178780 | 13987848 | 19134385 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other segment assets (b) | 243550 | 1580534 | 7066725 | 8890809 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total segment assets | $3181134 | $6981780 | $42163886 | $52326800 |
| Asset Reconciliation |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets for reportable segments |  |  |  | $52326800 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate assets |  |  |  | 811785 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill not allocated to segments |  |  |  | 9302524 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Consolidated total |  |  |  | $62441109 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the year ended June 30, 2025 | For the year ended June 30, 2025 | For the year ended June 30, 2025 | For the year ended June 30, 2025 |
|  | North America | Europe | Asia - Pacific | Total |
| Expenditures for property, plant and equipment | $17332 | $9929 | $1355509 | $1382770 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

The following tables present financial information by reportable segment for the year ended June 30, 2024:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Year Ended | For the Year Ended | For the Year Ended | For the Year Ended |
|  | June 30, 2024 | June 30, 2024 | June 30, 2024 | June 30, 2024 |
|  | North America | Europe | Asia - Pacific | Total |
| Revenues |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;License | $- | $112524 | $5337467 | $5449991 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subscription and support | 4693618 | 3383312 | 19875838 | 27952768 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 1240179 | 8471966 | 18278187 | 27990332 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Intersegment revenues |  |  | 3061465 | 3061465 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue from reportable segments | $5933797 | $11967802 | $46552957 | $64454556 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Elimination of intersegment revenues |  |  |  | (3061465) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total consolidated revenues |  |  |  | $61393091 |
| Revenues from reportable segments | $5933797 | $11967802 | $46552957 | $64454556 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Salaries and consultants | 1658561 | 3734833 | 18229513 | 23622907 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Travel | 23890 | 191306 | 2728246 | 2943442 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation |  |  | 1144809 | 1144809 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other (a) | 1550465 | 2911441 | 2996622 | 7458528 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gross Profit | 2700881 | 5130222 | 21453767 | 29284870 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and marketing | 1395827 | 933203 | 4833083 | 7162113 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 1712 | 231018 | 344261 | 576991 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 690194 | 4063242 | 7746462 | 12499898 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income (loss) from operations - reportable segments | $613148 | $(97241) | $8529961 | $9045868 |
| Reconciliation: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Income (loss) from operations - reportable segments |  |  |  | $9045868 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate operating expenses |  |  |  | (5552313) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense |  |  |  | (1142166) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income |  |  |  | 1911258 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange transactions |  |  |  | (1187320) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income (expense) |  |  |  | 148120 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income (loss) before income taxes |  |  |  | $3223447 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | As of | As of | As of | As of |
|  | June 30, 2024 | June 30, 2024 | June 30, 2024 | June 30, 2024 |
| Segment assets: | North America | Europe | Asia - Pacific | Total |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash | $435995 | $955707 | $17226295 | $18617997 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net of allowance | 511816 | 2433951 | 10103847 | 13049614 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revenue in excess of billings, net of allowance | 131461 | 1091941 | 12415145 | 13638547 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other segment assets (b) | 370770 | 1456685 | 6941920 | 8769375 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total segment assets | $1450042 | $5938284 | $46687207 | $54075533 |
| Asset Reconciliation |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets for reportable segments |  |  |  | 54075533 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate assets |  |  |  | 808385 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill not allocated to segments |  |  |  | 9302524 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Consolidated total |  |  |  | $64186442 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the year ended June 30, 2024 | For the year ended June 30, 2024 | For the year ended June 30, 2024 | For the year ended June 30, 2024 |
|  | North America | Europe | Asia - Pacific | Total |
| Expenditures for property, plant and equipment | $- | $179102 | $336302 | $515404 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Other costs of
goods sold include computer costs, third-party hardware and software costs, repair and maintenance, insurance, utilities, and communication
expenses.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Other assets include
property and equipment, right of use of assets, advances, deposits, and prepayments.

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**Geographic Information**

Disclosed in the table below is geographic information for each country that comprised greater than five percent of total revenues for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30, 2025** | **June 30, 2025** | **June 30, 2024** | **June 30, 2024** |
|  | **Revenue** | **Long-lived Assets** | **Revenue** | **Long-lived Assets** |
| China | $17043193 | $108837 | $20747744 | $354122 |
| Thailand | 2745299 | 585401 | 3636153 | 929651 |
| USA | 10763285 | 175247 | 4853541 | 337427 |
| UK | 14644000 | 998465 | 11967802 | 983126 |
| Pakistan & India | 2292058 | 4514487 | 2229067 | 4621210 |
| Australia & New Zealand | 8609997 | 5923 | 5454383 | 7168 |
| Mexico | 1240542 |  | 1080256 |  |
| Indonesia | 4138350 |  | 4475356 | 189131 |
| South Africa | 814817 |  | 857218 |  |
| South Korea | 1506456 |  | 2491606 |  |
| Other Countries | 2290232 | 430622 | 3599965 | - |
| **Total** | $**66088229** | $**6818982** | $**61393091** | $**7421835** |

---

Disclosed in the table below is the geographic information of total revenues by country for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

**** 

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 | Revenues 2025 |
|  | Total | China | Thailand | USA | UK | Pakistan & India | Australia & New Zealand | Mexico | Indonesia | South Africa | South Korea | Other Countries |
| North America: | $12003827 | $- | $- | $10763285 | $- | $- | $- | $1240542 | $- | $- | $- | $- |
| Europe: | 14644000 |  |  |  | 14644000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Asia-Pacific: | 39440402 | 17043193 | 2745299 | - | - | 2292058 | 8609997 | - | 4138350 | 814817 | 1506456 | 2290232 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $66088229 | $17043193 | $2745299 | $10763285 | $14644000 | $2292058 | $8609997 | $1240542 | $4138350 | $814817 | $1506456 | $2290232 |

---

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 | Revenues 2024 |
|  | Total | China | Thailand | USA | UK | Pakistan & India | Australia & New Zealand | Mexico | Indonesia | South Africa | South Korea | Other Countries |
| North America: | $5933797 | $- | $- | $4853541 | $- | $- | $- | $1080256 | $- | $- | $- | $- |
| Europe: | 11967802 |  |  |  | 11967802 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Asia-Pacific: | 43491492 | 20747744 | 3636153 | - | - | 2229067 | 5454383 | - | 4475356 | 857218 | 2491606 | 3599965 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $61393091 | $20747744 | $3636153 | $4853541 | $11967802 | $2229067 | $5454383 | $1080256 | $4475356 | $857218 | $2491606 | $3599965 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**NOTE 18– BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND COMMON CONTROL TRANSACTIONS**

In July 2024, NTA, a wholly owned subsidiary of NetSol Technologies, Inc. ("NTI"), entered into a share purchase agreement with NTI and the remaining minority shareholders to acquire all issued and outstanding shares of OTOZ<sup>®</sup>. In March 2025, NTA filed the merger documents with the respective state agencies with an effective date of April 1, 2025.

The transaction occurred between entities under common control. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities of OTOZ<sup>®</sup> were transferred to NTA at their carrying amounts, and no gain or loss was recognized as a result of the transaction. This merger did not result in any change to the consolidated accounting for the assets and liabilities transferred, as both entities were controlled by NTI before and after the transaction. The transaction was accounted for in accordance with ASC 805-50, Business Combinations – Related Parties and had no material impact on the consolidated financial statements except for the change in legal entity structure. Details of the purchase price and accounting treatment for the noncontrolling interest are provided in Note 19 – Non-Controlling Interest in Subsidiaries.

**NOTE 19 – NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST IN SUBSIDIARIES**

The Company had non-controlling interests in several of its subsidiaries. The balance of non-controlling interest was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| SUBSIDIARY | Non-Controlling Interest % | Non-Controlling Interest at June 30, 2025 |
| NetSol PK | 30.24% | $4496723 |
| NetSol Innovation | 30.24% | (637529) |
| NAMECET | 30.24% | 567819 |
| NIAI | 30.24% | (1471) |
| NetSol Thai | 0.006% | (184) |
| OTOZ Thai | 0.01% | 7 |
| OTOZ | 0.00% | - |
| Total |  | $4425365 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| SUBSIDIARY | Non-Controlling Interest % | Non-Controlling Interest at June 30, 2024 |
| NetSol PK | 32.38% | $4679101 |
| NetSol Innovation | 32.38% | 137232 |
| NAMECET | 32.38% | (21014) |
| NetSol Thai | 0.006% | (163) |
| OTOZ Thai | 5.60% | (17483) |
| OTOZ | 5.59% | (83255) |
| Total |  | $4694418 |

---

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**June 30, 2025 and 2024**

During the year ended June 30, 2025, NetSol PK, a majority owned subsidiary of the Company, repurchased 2,690,251 shares of its outstanding common stock from the open market for $1,503,662. The repurchase did not result in a change of control and was therefore accounted for as an equity transaction in accordance with ASC 810-10. Due to this purchase, the non-controlling interest in NetSol PK, NetSol Innovation and NAMECET, decreased from 32.38% at June 30, 2024 to 30.24% at June 30, 2025. The carrying amount of the non-controlling interest was reduced by $1,532,797, and the difference of $29,135 was recognized as an increase in additional paid-in capital in the Company's consolidated equity.

During the year ended June 30, 2025, the Company acquired the remaining 177,558 minority shares from the OTOZ<sup>®</sup> non-controlling shareholders for $8,878. As a result, the Company's ownership interest increased, reducing the non-controlling interest from 5.59% to 0.0%. The effective non-controlling interest in Otoz® Thai decreased to 0.01%. OTOZ<sup>®</sup> was merged into NTA during the year ended June 30, 2025.

The following schedule discloses the effect on the Company's equity due to the changes in the Company's ownership interest.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | For the Years | For the Years |
|  | Ended June 30, | Ended June 30, |
|  | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Net income (loss) attributable to NetSol** | $2923233 | $683873 |
| **Transfer to (from) non-controlling interest** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Decrease in paid-in capital for purchase of 177,558 shares of OTOZ Inc common stock | (103132) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase in paid-in capital for purchase of 2,690,251 shares of common stock of NetSol PK from Open Market | 29135 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net transfer to (from) non-controlling interest | (73997) | - |
| **Change from net income (loss) attributable to NetSol and transfer (to) from non-controlling interest** | $2849236 | $683873 |

---

## Exhibit 21.1

**<u>Exhibit 21.1</u>**

<u>Wholly owned Subsidiaries</u>

NetSol Technologies Americas, Inc. ("NTA")

NetSol Connect (Private), Ltd. ("Connect")

NetSol Technologies Australia Pty Ltd. ("Australia")

NetSol Technologies Europe Limited ("NTE")

NetSol Technologies (Beijing) Co. Ltd. ("NetSol Beijing")

Tianjin NuoJinZhiCheng Co., Ltd ("Tianjin")

Ascent Europe Ltd. ("AEL")

Virtual Lease Services Holdings Limited ("VLSH")

Virtual Lease Services Limited ("VLS")

Virtual Lease Services (Ireland) Limited ("VLSIL")

<u>Majority-owned Subsidiaries</u>

NetSol Technologies, Ltd. ("NetSol PK")

NetSol Innovation (Private) Limited ("NetSol Innovation")

NetSol Institute of Artificial Intelligence (Private) Limited ("NIAI")

NETSOL Ascent Middle East Computer Equipment Trading LLC ("Namecet")

NetSol Technologies Thailand Limited ("NetSol Thai")

OTOZ, Inc. ("OTOZ")

OTOZ (Thailand) Limited ("OTOZ Thai")

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

As Adopted Pursuant to

Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Najeeb Ghauri, certify that:

(1) I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2025 of NetSol Technologies, Inc., ("Registrant").

(2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

(3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4) The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedure, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) disclosed in this report any changes in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and;

(5) The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Date: September 29, 2025 | */s/ Najeeb Ghauri* |
|  | Najeeb Ghauri, |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |
|  | Principal executive officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

As Adopted Pursuant to

Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Roger K. Almond, certify that:

(1) I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025 of NetSol Technologies, Inc., ("Registrant").

(2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

(3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4) The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedure, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) disclosed in this report any changes in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and;

(5) The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Date: September 29, 2025 | */s/ Roger K. Almond* |
|  | Roger K. Almond |
|  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  | Principal Accounting Officer |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT BY SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of NetSol Technologies, Inc. on Form 10-K for the period ending June 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned, Najeeb Ghauri, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to ss. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13 (a) or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and,

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

---

| |
|:---|
| Date: September 29, 2025 |
| */s/ Najeeb Ghauri* |
| Najeeb Ghauri, |
| Chief Executive Officer |
| Principal Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 32.2

**Exhibit 32.2**

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT BY SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of NetSol Technologies, Inc. on Form 10-K for the period ending June 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned, Roger K. Almond, Chief Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to ss. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13 (a) or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and,

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

---

| |
|:---|
| Date: September 29, 2025 |
| */s/ Roger K. Almond* |
| Roger K. Almond |
| Chief Financial Officer |
| Principal Accounting Officer |

---

## Exhibit 97.1

**Exhibit 97.1**

**NETSOL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.**

**CLAWBACK POLICY**

**1. <u>Introduction and Purpose</u>**

<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.1 Introduction**. This document sets forth the NetSol Technologies, Inc. Clawback Policy (the "<u>Policy</u>"), as effective October 2, 2023.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.2 Purpose**. The Board of Directors (the "Board") of NetSol Technologies, Inc. (the "<u>Company</u>") believes that it is in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders to adopt this Policy, which provides for the recovery of certain incentive compensation in the event of an Accounting Restatement (as defined below). This Policy is designed to comply with Section 10D and Rule 10D-1 of the Exchange Act ("Rule 10D-1") and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5608 (the "Listing Standards"). This Policy has been established to appropriately align the interests of the executives of the Company, who have been designated as Covered Executives, with those of the Company and to provide for the recovery of (i) Erroneously Awarded Compensation from Section 16 Officers, and (ii) Recoverable Amounts from Covered Executives.

**2. <u>Administration</u>**

Except as specifically set forth herein, this Policy shall be administered by the Board or, if so, designated by the Board, a committee thereof (the Board or such committee charged with administration of this Policy, the "Administrator"). The Administrator is authorized to interpret and construe this Policy and to make all determinations necessary, appropriate, or advisable for the administration of this Policy. Any determinations made by the Administrator shall be final and binding on all affected individuals and need not be uniform with respect to each individual covered by the Policy. In the administration of this Policy, the Administrator is authorized and directed to consult with the full Board or such other committees of the Board, such as the Audit Committee or the Compensation Committee, as may be necessary or appropriate as to matters within the scope of such other committee's responsibility and authority. Subject to any limitation at applicable law, the Administrator may authorize and empower any officer or employee of the Company to take any and all actions necessary or appropriate to carry out the purpose and intent of this Policy (other than with respect to any recovery under this Policy involving such officer or employee).

**3. <u>Definitions</u>**

As used in this Policy, the following definitions shall apply:

● "Accounting Restatement" means an accounting restatement of the Company's financial statements due to the Company's material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period.

● "Administrator" has the meaning set forth in Section 2 hereof.

● "Applicable Period" means the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date on which the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement, as well as any transition period (that results from a change in the Company's fiscal year) within or immediately following those three completed fiscal years (except that a transition period that comprises a period of at least nine months shall count as a completed fiscal year).

● The "date on which the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement" is the earlier to occur of (a) the date the CFO, Audit Committee or Board concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement or (b) the date a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare an Accounting Restatement, in each case regardless of if or when the restated financial statements are filed.

● "Covered Executives" means the Company's current and former executive officers, as determined by the Administrator in accordance with the definition of executive officer set forth in Rule 10D-1 and the Listing Standards.

● "Executive officer" Company's current or former Executive Officers as defined under the Exchange Act Rule 16a-1 (f). It is defined further as:

○ President

○ Principal Financial Officer

○ Principal Accounting Officer

○ Any Vice President in charge of principal business unit, division, or function

○ Any Officer who performs policy making function

○ Any other person who makes similar policy making function for the Company Executive officers of the Company's subsidiaries are deemed executive officers of the Company if they perform such significant policy making functions for the Company

● "Erroneously Awarded Compensation" has the meaning set forth in Section 6 of this Policy

● A "Financial Reporting Measure" is any measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company's financial statements, and any measure that is derived wholly or in part from such measure. Financial Reporting Measures include but are not limited to the following (and any measures derived from the following): Company stock price; total shareholder return ("TSR"); revenues; net income; operating income; profitability of one or more reportable segments; financial ratios (e.g., accounts receivable turnover and inventory turnover rates); earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"); funds from operations and adjusted funds from operations; liquidity measures (e.g., working capital, operating cash flow); return measures (e.g., return on invested capital, return on assets); earnings measures (e.g., earnings per share); cost per employee, where cost is subject to an Accounting Restatement; any of such financial reporting measures relative to a peer group, where the Company's financial reporting measure is subject to an Accounting Restatement; and tax basis income. A Financial Reporting Measure need not be presented within the Company's financial statements or included in a filing with the Securities Exchange Commission

● "Incentive-Based Compensation" means any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure. Incentive-Based Compensation is "received" for purposes of this Policy in the Company's fiscal period during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive-Based Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of such Incentive-Based Compensation occurs after the end of that period

**4. <u>Covered Executives; Incentive-Based Compensation</u>**

This Policy applies to Incentive-Based Compensation received by a Covered Executive (a) after beginning services as a Covered Executive; (b) if that person served as a Covered Executive at any time during the performance period for such Incentive-Based Compensation; and (c) while the Company had a listed class of securities on a national securities exchange.

**5. <u>Required Recoupment of Erroneously Awarded Compensation in the Event of an Accounting Restatement</u>**

In the event the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement, the Company shall promptly recoup the amount of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation received by any Covered Executive, as calculated pursuant to Section 6 hereof, during the Applicable Period.

**6. <u>Erroneously Awarded Compensation: Amount Subject to Recovery</u>**

6.1 The
 amount of "Erroneously Awarded Compensation" subject to recovery under the Policy,
 as determined by the Administrator, is the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation received
 by the Covered Executive that exceeds the amount of Incentive Based Compensation that would
 have been received by the Covered Executive had it been determined based on the restated
 amounts. Erroneously Awarded Compensation shall be computed by the Administrator without
 regard to any taxes paid by the Covered Executive in respect of the Erroneously Awarded Compensation
 (i.e., the amounts recovered shall be on pre-tax basis). By way of example, with respect
 to any compensation plans or programs that take into account Incentive-Based Compensation,
 the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation subject to recovery hereunder includes, but
 is not limited to, the amount contributed to any notional account based on Erroneously Awarded
 Compensation and any earnings accrued to date on that notional amount.

6.2 For
 Incentive-Based Compensation based on stock price or TSR: (a) the Administrator shall determine
 the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on a reasonable estimate of the effect
 of the Accounting Restatement on the stock price or TSR upon which the Incentive-Based Compensation
 was received; and (b) the Company shall maintain documentation of the determination of that
 reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to the Nasdaq Stock Market ("Nasdaq").
 Erroneously Awarded Compensation shall not include executive officer or from any individual
 who is an executive officer on the date on which the Company is required to prepare an Accounting
 Restatement but who was not an executive officer at any time during the performance period
 for which the incentivebased compensation is received. For example, if an individual serving
 as an executive officer at the date that the Company is required to prepare a restatement
 was not an executive officer at any time during a performance period that ended during the
 Applicable Period, amounts of incentive compensation received by that individual for that
 specific performance period are not required to be recovered.

**7.** **<u>Method of Recoupment</u>**

7.1 The Administrator shall determine, in its sole discretion, the timing and method for promptly recouping Erroneously Awarded Compensation hereunder, which may include without limitation (a) seeking reimbursement of all or part of any cash or equity-based award, (b) cancelling prior cash or equity-based awards, whether vested or unvested or paid or unpaid, (c) cancelling or offsetting against any planned future cash or equity-based awards, (d) forfeiture of deferred compensation, subject to compliance with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (e) any other method authorized by applicable law or contract. Subject to compliance with any applicable law, the Administrator may affect recovery under this Policy from any amount otherwise payable to the Covered Executive, including amounts payable to such individual under any otherwise applicable Company plan or program, including base salary, bonuses or commissions and compensation previously deferred by the Covered Executive.

7.2 The Company is authorized and directed pursuant to this Policy to recoup Erroneously Awarded Compensation in compliance with this Policy unless the Compensation Committee has determined that recovery would be impracticable solely for the following limited reasons, and subject to the following procedural and disclosure requirements:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● The direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing the Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered. Before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on expense of enforcement, the Administrator must make a reasonable attempt to recover such erroneously awarded compensation, document such reasonable attempt(s) to recover and provide that documentation to Nasdaq;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Recovery would violate home country law of the issuer where that law was adopted prior to November 28, 2022. Before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on violation of the state and federal law applicable to the Company. The Administrator must satisfy the applicable opinion and disclosure requirements of Rule 10D-1 and the Listing Standards; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(13) or 26 U.S.C. 411(a) and regulations thereunder.

**8. <u>No Indemnification of Covered Executives</u>**

Notwithstanding the terms of any indemnification or insurance policy or any contractual arrangement with any Covered Executive that may be interpreted to the contrary, the Company shall not indemnify any Covered Executives against the loss of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation, including any payment or reimbursement for the cost of third-party insurance purchased by any Covered Executives to fund potential clawback obligations under this Policy.

**9. <u>Administrator Indemnification</u>**

Any members of the Administrator, and any other members of the Board who assist in the administration of this Policy, shall not be personally liable for any action, determination or interpretation made with respect to this Policy and shall be fully indemnified by the Company to the fullest extent under applicable law and Company policy with respect to any such action, determination or interpretation. The foregoing sentence shall not limit any other rights to indemnification of the members of the Board under applicable law or Company policy.

**10. <u>Effective Date; Retroactive Application</u>**

This Policy shall be effective as of October 2, 2023 (the "Effective Date"). The terms of this Policy shall apply to any Incentive-Based Compensation that is received by Covered Executives on or after the Effective Date, even if such Incentive-Based Compensation was approved, awarded, granted or paid to Covered Executives prior to the Effective Date. Without limiting the generality of this Section 10 hereof, and subject to applicable law, the Administrator may affect recovery under this Policy from any amount of compensation approved, awarded, granted, payable or paid to the Covered Executive prior to, on or after the Effective Date.

**11. <u>Amendment; Termination</u>**

The Board may amend, modify, supplement, rescind or replace all or any portion of this Policy at any time and from time to time in its discretion, and shall amend this Policy as it deems necessary to comply with applicable law or any rules or standards adopted by a Nasdaq.

**12. <u>Other Recoupment Rights; Company Claims</u>**

The Board intends that this Policy shall be applied to the fullest extent of the law. Any right of recoupment under this Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies or rights of recoupment that may be available to the Company under applicable law or pursuant to the terms of any similar policy in any employment agreement, equity award agreement, or similar agreement and any other legal remedies available to the Company. Nothing contained in this Policy, and no recoupment or recovery as contemplated by this Policy, shall limit any claims, damages or other legal remedies the Company or any of its affiliates may have against a Covered Executive arising out of or resulting from any actions or omissions by the Covered Executive.

**13. <u>Successors</u>**

This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Covered Executives and their beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives.

**14. <u>Exhibit Filing Requirement</u>**

A copy of this Policy and any amendments thereto shall be filed as an exhibit to the Company's annual report on Form 10-K.