# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001446847
**File Stem:** 0001104659-23-022597
**Filing Date:** 2023-2
**Character Count:** 49762
**Document Hash:** 4789e9850d642d28be6cb1ec5a55bf59
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001104659-23-022597.hdr.sgml**: 20230216

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001104659-23-022597

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 15

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20230216

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Results of Operations and Financial Condition

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Financial Statements and Exhibits

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230216

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230216

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS INC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001446847
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 043404176
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-34620
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23637112

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 100 SUMMER STREET, SUITE 2300
- **CITY:** BOSTON
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 02110
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 617-621-7722

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 100 SUMMER STREET, SUITE 2300
- **CITY:** BOSTON
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 02110

?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 8-K**

**Current Report Pursuant to** 

**Section 13 or 15(d) of the** 

**Securities Exchange Act of 1934**

Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported):

February 16, 2023

**IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.**

*(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)*

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **001-34620** | **04-3404176** |
| *(State or other jurisdiction* | *(Commission File Number)* | *(I.R.S. Employer* |
| *of incorporation)* |  | *Identification Number)* |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **100 Summer Street, Suite 2300** |  |
| **Boston, Massachusetts** | **02110** |
| *(Address of principal* | *(Zip code)* |
| *executive offices)* |  |

---

**(617) 621-7722**

*(Registrant's telephone number,*

*including area code)*

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

□ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under
the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

□ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under
the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

□ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under
the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

□ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under
the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which<br> registered |
| Class A common stock, $0.001 par value | IRWD | Nasdaq Global Select Market |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company □

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. □

**Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.**

On February 16, 2023, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. issued a press release containing an update on its recent business activities as well as those for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2022. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.

The press release is being furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 of this Current Report on Form 8-K and shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section, nor shall such document be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

**Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Exhibits.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Exhibit No. | Description |
| [99.1](tm236845d1_ex99-1.htm) | [Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Press Release dated February 16, 2023](tm236845d1_ex99-1.htm) |
| 104 | The cover page from this Current Report on Form 8-K, formatted in Inline XBRL |

---

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.** | **Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dated: February 16, 2023 | By: | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ Sravan K. Emany |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Name: Sravan K. Emany |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Title: Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer |

---

## Exhibit 99.1

Exhibit 99.1

![Logo, company name Description automatically generated](tm236845d1_ex99-1img01.jpg)

**FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE**

**Ironwood Pharmaceuticals Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Results**

*– 2022 GAAP and non-GAAP net income of $175 million –*

*– 2022 adjusted EBITDA of $252 million;<br> ended 2022 with $656 million in cash and cash equivalents –*

*– FDA granted priority review to the sNDA for LINZESS® (linaclotide) for the treatment of functional constipation in pediatric patients aged 6 to 17 with a PDUFA date in the second quarter of 2023 –*

*BOSTON, Mass., February 16, 2023* — <u>Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</u> (Nasdaq: IRWD), a GI-focused healthcare company, today reported its fourth quarter and full year 2022 results and recent business performance.

"We performed well and made important progress across our strategic priorities in 2022," said Tom McCourt, chief executive officer of Ironwood. "While full year LINZESS U.S. net sales growth came in lower than our expectations for 2022 primarily due to inventory fluctuations in the retail channel, we are encouraged by continued robust prescription demand and focused expense management, which helped us deliver our adjusted EBITDA guidance of over $250 million. We ended the year with a strong balance sheet, positioning us well to continue to invest in LINZESS as a growth brand and actively pursue highly differentiated GI assets to add to our portfolio. Looking ahead in 2023, we remain committed to further advancing our strategic priorities, unlocking new opportunities for LINZESS, and strengthening and progressing our innovative GI portfolio. We anticipate a number of exciting milestones this year, and believe Ironwood is well positioned to deliver long term growth and value to patients and shareholders."

**Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Financial Highlights<sup>1</sup>**

*(in thousands, except for per share amounts)*

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **4Q 2022** | **4Q 2021** | **FY 2022** | **FY 2021** |
| Total revenues | $107199 | $117130 | $410596 | $413753 |
| Total operating expenses | 38836 | 60538 | 160259 | 181494 |
| GAAP net income | 48867 | 41374 | 175065 | 528448 |
| GAAP net income per share – basic | 0.32 | 0.25 | 1.13 | 3.26 |
| GAAP net income per share –diluted | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.96 | 3.21 |
| Adjusted EBITDA | 68703 | 56950 | 251755 | 233738 |
| Non-GAAP net income | 48885 | 43940 | 174883 | 191782 |
| Non-GAAP net income per share – basic | 0.32 | 0.27 | 1.13 | 1.18 |
| Non-GAAP net income per share – diluted | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.96 | 1.16 |

---

1. Refer to the Reconciliation of GAAP Results to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 table and to the Reconciliation of GAAP Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA table at the end of
 this press release. Refer to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information.

**Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Corporate Highlights**

**U.S.** **LINZESS**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· <u>Prescription Demand</u>: Total LINZESS prescription demand in the fourth quarter of 2022 was 45 million
 LINZESS capsules, a 9% increase compared to the fourth quarter of 2021, per IQVIA. Total
 prescription demand was 174 million LINZESS capsules for the full year 2022, a 9% increase
 compared to the full year 2021, per IQVIA.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· <u>U.S. Brand Collaboration</u>: LINZESS U.S. net sales are provided to Ironwood by its U.S. partner,
 AbbVie Inc. ("AbbVie"). LINZESS U.S. net sales were $260.3 million in the fourth
 quarter of 2022, a 7% decrease compared to $278.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2021,
 and $1,002.1 million for the full year 2022, a slight decrease compared to $1,005.9 million
 for the full year 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ Ironwood
 and AbbVie share equally in U.S. brand collaboration profits. See the LINZESS U.S. Commercial
 Collaboration table at the end of the press release.

LINZESS commercial margin was 74% in the fourth quarter of 2022, compared to 76% in the fourth quarter of 2021. LINZESS commercial margin was 73% for the full year 2022 compared to 74% for the full year 2021. See the U.S. LINZESS Full Brand Collaboration table below and at the end of this press release.

Net profit for the LINZESS U.S. brand collaboration, net of commercial and research and development ("R&D") expenses, was $183.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, compared to $200.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Net profit for the LINZESS U.S. brand collaboration, net of commercial and R&D expenses, was $695.7 million for the full year 2022, compared to $701.3 million for the full year 2021. See U.S. LINZESS Full Brand Collaboration table below and at the end of this press release.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· <u>Collaboration Revenue to Ironwood</u>: Ironwood recorded $104.8 million in collaboration revenue in the
 fourth quarter of 2022 related to sales of LINZESS in the U.S., an 8% decrease compared to
 $113.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2021. Ironwood recorded $398.8 million in collaboration
 revenue for the full year 2022, a slight decrease compared to $400.4 million in 2021. See
 U.S. LINZESS Commercial Collaboration table at the end of the press release.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **U.S. LINZESS Full Brand Collaboration**<br>| Three Months Ended <br>December 31, | Three Months Ended <br>December 31, | Twelve Months Ended <br>December 31, | Twelve Months Ended <br>December 31, |
| *(in thousands, except for percentages)* | **2022** | **2021** | **2022** | **2021** |
| LINZESS U.S. net sales as reported by AbbVie | $260327 | $278555 | $1002143 | $1005856 |
| AbbVie & Ironwood commercial costs, expenses and other discounts | 66879 | 67510 | 272757 | 265118 |
| Commercial margin | 74% | 76% | 73% | 74% |
| AbbVie & Ironwood R&D Expenses | 9684 | 11017 | 33684 | 39417 |
| Total net profit on sales of LINZESS | 183764 | 200028 | 695702 | 701321 |
| Full brand margin | 71% | 72% | 69% | 70% |

---

**<u>Pipeline Updates</u>**

**Pediatric Program**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Ironwood
 and AbbVie are currently advancing the linaclotide clinical pediatric program to potentially
 expand the clinical profile of LINZESS (assuming FDA approval).

In September 2022, Ironwood reported positive topline data from the Phase III trial of LINZESS (linaclotide) 72 mcg in pediatric patients aged 6-17 with functional constipation. Ironwood, and its partner AbbVie, submitted a supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) to the FDA in December 2022, which was granted priority review with a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date of June 14, 2023. There are currently no FDA approved prescription therapies for the treatment of functional constipation in pediatric patients.

**IW-3300**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Ironwood
 is currently advancing IW-3300, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist being developed for the potential
 treatment of visceral pain conditions, such as interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome
 ("IC/BPS") and endometriosis.

– Ironwood is continuing the Phase II proof of concept study in IC/BPS, with patient dosing expected to begin in early 2023.

**CNP-104**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Ironwood
 has a collaboration and license option agreement with COUR Pharmaceuticals Development Company, Inc.
 ("COUR"). This agreement gives Ironwood an option to acquire an exclusive license
 to research, develop, manufacture and commercialize, in the U.S., products containing CNP-104
 ("CNP-104"), a tolerizing immune modifying nanoparticle, for the treatment of
 primary biliary cholangitis ("PBC"), a rare autoimmune disease targeting the
 liver. If successful, CNP-104 has the potential to be the first approved PBC disease modifying
 therapy.

COUR is currently conducting a clinical study for CNP-104 evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamic effects and efficacy of CNP-104 in PBC patients, with early data assessing T-cell response from patients enrolled in the clinical study expected in the second half of 2023, which Ironwood believes will inform timing of topline data.

**Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Financial Results**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **Total Revenues.** Total revenues in the fourth quarter of 2022 were $107.2 million, compared
 to $117.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Total revenues for the full year 2022 were
 $410.6 million, compared to $413.8 million for the full year 2021.

Total revenues in the fourth quarter of 2022 consisted of $104.8 million associated with Ironwood's share of the net profits from the sales of LINZESS in the U.S. and $2.4 million in royalties and other revenue. Total revenues in the fourth quarter of 2021 consisted of $113.7 million associated with Ironwood's share of the net profits from the sales of LINZESS in the U.S. and $3.4 million in royalties and other revenue.

Total revenues for the full year 2022 consisted of $398.8 million associated with Ironwood's share of the net profits from the sales of LINZESS in the U.S., and $11.8 million in royalties and other revenue. Total revenues for the full year 2021 consisted of $400.4 million associated with Ironwood's share of the net profits from the sales of LINZESS in the U.S., and $13.4 million in royalties and other revenue.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **Operating Expenses**. Operating expenses in the fourth quarter of 2022 were $38.8 million, compared
 to $60.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Operating expenses for the full year 2022
 were $160.3 million, compared to $181.5 million for the full year 2021.

Operating expenses in the fourth quarter of 2022 consisted of $28.4 million in selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses, and $10.4 million in research and development ("R&D") expenses. Operating expenses in the fourth quarter of 2021 consisted of $28.6 million in SG&A expenses and $31.9 million in R&D expenses.

Operating expenses for the full year 2022 consisted primarily of $116.0 million in SG&A expenses, and $44.3 million in R&D expenses. Operating expenses for the full year 2021 consisted primarily of $111.1 million in SG&A expenses, and $70.4 million in R&D expenses.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **Interest Expense.** Interest expense was $1.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2022 and $7.6 million
 for the full year 2022, in connection with Ironwood's convertible senior notes. Interest
 expense recorded in the fourth quarter of 2022 included $1.1 million in cash expense and
 $0.4 million in non-cash expense. Interest expense recorded for the full year 2022 included
 $5.7 million in cash expense and $1.9 million in non-cash expense.

Interest expense was $7.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2021 and $31.1 million for the full year 2021, in connection with Ironwood's convertible senior notes. Interest expense recorded in the fourth quarter of 2021 included $1.8 million in cash expense and $6.2 million in non-cash expense. Interest expense recorded for the full year 2021 included $7.2 million in cash expense and $23.9 million in non-cash expense. The reduction in non-cash interest expense in the fourth quarter of 2022 and for the full year 2022 primarily relates to the adoption of ASU No. 2020-06, *Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity* ("ASU 2020-06") on January 1, 2022, which impacts the accounting for Ironwood's convertible senior notes.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **Interest and Investment Income.** Interest and investment income was $5.4 million in the fourth
 quarter of 2022 and $9.5 million for the full year 2022.

Interest and investment income was $0.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2021 and $0.7 million for the full year of 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **Gain (Loss) on Derivatives.** Ironwood recorded a loss on derivatives of an insignificant amount
 in the fourth quarter of 2022, as a result of the change in fair value of its note hedge
 warrants. For the full year 2022, Ironwood recorded a gain on derivatives of $0.2 million.

Ironwood recorded a loss on derivatives of $2.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2021 as a result of the change in fair value of its convertible note hedges and note hedge warrants. For the full year 2021, Ironwood recorded a loss on derivatives of $1.2 million.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **Income Tax (Expense) Benefit.** Ironwood recorded $23.4 million of income tax expense in the fourth
 quarter of 2022 and $77.4 million of income tax expense for the full year of 2022, the majority
 of which was non-cash, as Ironwood continues to utilize net operating losses to offset taxable
 income for federal purposes and in many states. Ironwood recorded $4.9 million of income
 tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2021 and $327.8 million of income tax benefit for the
 full year 2021, primarily related to the release of the valuation allowance against the majority
 of deferred tax assets during the second quarter of 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **GAAP Net Income.** GAAP net income was $48.9 million, or $0.32 per share (basic) and $0.27 per
 share (diluted), in the fourth quarter of 2022 compared to GAAP net income of $41.4 million,
 or $0.25 per share (basic and diluted) in the fourth quarter of 2021. GAAP net income for
 the full year 2022 was $175.1 million, or $1.13 per share (basic) and $0.96 per share (diluted),
 compared to GAAP net income of $528.4 million, or $3.26 per share (basic) and $3.21 per share
 (diluted), for the full year 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **Non-GAAP Net Income.** Non-GAAP net income was $48.9 million, or $0.32 per share (basic) and $0.27
 per share (diluted), in the fourth quarter of 2022, compared to non-GAAP net income of $43.9
 million, or $0.27 per share (basic and diluted) in the fourth quarter of 2021. Non-GAAP net
 income for the full year 2022 was $174.9 million, or $1.13 per share (basic) and $0.96 per
 share (diluted), compared to non-GAAP net income of $191.8 million, or $1.18 per share (basic)
 and $1.16 per share (diluted), for the full year 2021.

Non-GAAP net income excludes the impact of mark-to-market adjustments on the derivatives related to Ironwood's 2022 Convertible Notes, restructuring expenses, and the income tax benefit related to the release of the company's valuation allowance against the majority of deferred tax assets in the second quarter of 2021. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures below.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **Adjusted EBITDA**. Adjusted EBITDA was $68.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, compared to
 $57.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. For the full year 2022, adjusted EBITDA was
 $251.8 million, compared to $233.7 million for the full year 2021.

Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by subtracting mark-to-market adjustments on derivatives related to Ironwood's 2022 Convertible Notes, restructuring expenses, net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization from GAAP net income. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures below.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **Cash Flow Highlights.** Ironwood ended 2022 with $656.2 million of cash and cash equivalents,
 compared to $620.1 million of cash and cash equivalents at the end of 2021.

Ironwood generated $79.2 million in cash from operations in the fourth quarter of 2022, compared to $64.6 million in cash from operations in the fourth quarter of 2021. Ironwood generated $273.8 million in cash from operations for the full year 2022, compared to $261.9 million for the full year 2021.

In 2022, Ironwood used $126.4 million of cash to complete the board authorized share repurchase program and $120.7 million of cash for the repayment of the remaining aggregate principal on the 2022 Convertible Notes upon maturity in June 2022.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **Ironwood 2023 Financial Guidance.** In 2023, Ironwood continues to expect:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;**2023 Guidance** |
| U.S. LINZESS Net Sales Growth | &nbsp;&nbsp;3% to 5% |
| Total Revenue | &nbsp;&nbsp;$420 to $435 million |
| Adjusted EBITDA<sup>1</sup> | &nbsp;&nbsp;>$250 million |

---

<sup>1</sup> Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by subtracting mark-to-market adjustments on derivatives related to Ironwood's 2022 Convertible Notes, restructuring expenses, net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization from GAAP net income. For purposes of this guidance, Ironwood has assumed that it will not incur material expenses related to business development activities in 2023.

**Non-GAAP Financial Measures**

Ironwood presents non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per share to exclude the impact of net gains and losses on derivatives related to Ironwood's 2022 Convertible Notes that are required to be marked-to-market, restructuring expenses, and the release of the company's valuation allowance against the majority of deferred tax assets in the second quarter of 2021. Non-GAAP adjustments are further detailed below:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· The
 gains and losses on the derivatives related to Ironwood's 2022 Convertible Notes were
 highly variable, difficult to predict and of a size that could have a substantial impact
 on the company's reported results of operations in any given period.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Restructuring
 expenses are considered to be a non-recurring event as they are associated with distinct
 operational decisions. Included in restructuring expenses are costs associated with exit
 and disposal activities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· The
 income tax benefit associated with the valuation allowance release in the second quarter
 of 2021 was a non-cash, non-recurring accounting recognition event, and does not affect the
 company's ability to utilize its historical net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards
 to offset future taxable income.

Ironwood also presents adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, as well as guidance on adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by subtracting mark-to-market adjustments on derivatives related to Ironwood's 2022 Convertible Notes, restructuring expenses, net interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization from GAAP net income. The adjustments are made on a similar basis as described above related to non-GAAP net income, as applicable.

Management believes this non-GAAP information is useful for investors, taken in conjunction with Ironwood's GAAP financial statements, because it provides greater transparency and period-over-period comparability with respect to Ironwood's operating performance. These measures are also used by management to assess the performance of the business. Investors should consider these non-GAAP measures only as a supplement to, not as a substitute for or as superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures are unlikely to be comparable with non-GAAP information provided by other companies. For a reconciliation of non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per share to GAAP net income and GAAP net income per share, respectively, and for a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to GAAP net income, please refer to the tables at the end of this press release.

Ironwood does not provide guidance on GAAP net income or a reconciliation of expected adjusted EBITDA to expected GAAP net income because, without unreasonable efforts, it is unable to predict with reasonable certainty the non-GAAP adjustments used to calculate adjusted EBITDA. These adjustments are uncertain, depend on various factors and could have a material impact on GAAP net income for the guidance period.

**Conference Call Information**

Ironwood will host a conference call and webcast at 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time on Thursday, February 16, 2023 to discuss its fourth quarter and full year 2022 results and recent business activities. Individuals interested in participating in the call should dial (888) 330-2384 (U.S. and Canada) or (240) 789-2701 (international) using conference ID number and event passcode 4671230. To access the webcast, please visit the Investors section of Ironwood's website at www.ironwoodpharma.com at least 15 minutes prior to the start of the call to ensure adequate time for any software downloads that may be required. The call will be available for replay via telephone starting at approximately 11:30 a.m. Eastern Time on February 16, 2023, running through 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on March 2, 2023. To listen to the replay, dial (800) 770-2030 (U.S. and Canada) or (647) 362-9199 (international) using conference ID number 4671230. The archived webcast will be available on Ironwood's website for 14 days beginning approximately one hour after the call has completed.

**About Ironwood Pharmaceuticals**

Ironwood Pharmaceuticals (Nasdaq: IRWD), an S&P SmallCap 600® company, is a leading gastrointestinal (GI) healthcare company on a mission to advance the treatment of GI diseases and redefine the standard of care for GI patients. We are pioneers in the development of LINZESS® (linaclotide), the U.S. branded prescription market leader for adults with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) or chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). Under the guidance of our seasoned industry leaders, we continue to build upon our history of GI innovation and challenge what has been done before to shape what the future holds. We keep patients at the heart of our R&D and commercialization efforts to reduce the burden of GI diseases and address significant unmet needs.

Founded in 1998, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

We routinely post information that may be important to investors on our website at www.ironwoodpharma.com. In addition, follow us on Twitter and on LinkedIn.

**About LINZESS (linaclotide)**

LINZESS® is the #1 prescribed brand in the U.S. for the treatment of adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation ("IBS-C") or chronic idiopathic constipation ("CIC"), based on IQVIA data.

LINZESS is a once-daily capsule that helps relieve the abdominal pain, constipation, and overall abdominal symptoms of bloating, discomfort and pain associated with IBS-C, as well as the constipation, infrequent stools, hard stools, straining, and incomplete evacuation associated with CIC. The recommended dose is 290 mcg for IBS-C patients and 145 mcg for CIC patients, with a 72-mcg dose approved for use in CIC depending on individual patient presentation or tolerability. LINZESS should be taken at least 30 minutes before the first meal of the day.

LINZESS is contraindicated in pediatric patients less than 2 years of age. In neonatal mice, linaclotide increased fluid secretion as a consequence of age-dependent elevated GC-C agonism resulting in mortality within the first 24 hours due to dehydration. There was no age-dependent trend in GC-C intestinal expression in a clinical study of children 2 to less than 18 years of age; however, there are insufficient data available on GC-C intestinal expression in children less than 2 years of age to assess the risk of developing diarrhea and its potentially serious consequences in these patients. The safety and effectiveness of LINZESS in patients less than 18 years of age have not been established.

LINZESS is not a laxative; it is the first medicine approved by the FDA in a class called GC-C agonists. LINZESS contains a peptide called linaclotide that activates the GC-C receptor in the intestine. Activation of GC-C is thought to result in increased intestinal fluid secretion and accelerated transit and a decrease in the activity of pain-sensing nerves in the intestine. The clinical relevance of the effect on pain fibers, which is based on nonclinical studies, has not been established.

In the United States, Ironwood and AbbVie co-develop and co-commercialize LINZESS for the treatment of adults with IBS-C or CIC. In Europe, AbbVie markets linaclotide under the brand name CONSTELLA® for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe IBS-C. In Japan, Ironwood's partner, Astellas, markets linaclotide under the brand name LINZESS for the treatment of adults with IBS-C or CIC. Ironwood also has partnered with AstraZeneca for development and commercialization of LINZESS in China, and with AbbVie for development and commercialization of linaclotide in all other territories worldwide.

**LINZESS Important Safety Information**

**INDICATIONS AND USAGE**

LINZESS (linaclotide) is indicated in adults for the treatment of both irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).

**IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION**

&nbsp;&nbsp;**WARNING: RISK OF SERIOUS DEHYDRATION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE**<br>**LINZESS is contraindicated in patients less than 2 years of age. In nonclinical studies in neonatal mice, administration of a single, clinically relevant adult oral dose of linaclotide caused deaths due to dehydration.** <br>

**Contraindications**

· LINZESS
 is contraindicated in patients less than 2 years of age due to the risk of serious dehydration.

· LINZESS
 is contraindicated in patients with known or suspected mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction.

**Warnings and Precautions**

*Pediatric Risk*

· LINZESS
 is contraindicated in patients less than 2 years of age. In neonatal mice, linaclotide increased
 fluid secretion as a consequence of age-dependent elevated GC-C agonism resulting in mortality
 within the first 24 hours due to dehydration. There was no age-dependent trend in GC-C intestinal
 expression in a clinical study of children 2 to less than 18 years of age; however, there
 are insufficient data available on GC-C intestinal expression in children less than 2 years
 of age to assess the risk of developing diarrhea and its potentially serious consequences
 in these patients. The safety and effectiveness of LINZESS in patients less than 18 years
 of age have not been established.

*Diarrhea*

· Diarrhea
 was the most common adverse reaction in LINZESS-treated patients in the pooled IBS-C and
 CIC double-blind placebo-controlled trials. The incidence of diarrhea was similar
 in the IBS-C and CIC populations. Severe diarrhea was reported in 2% of 145 mcg and 290 mcg
 LINZESS-treated patients, and in <1% of 72 mcg LINZESS-treated CIC patients. If severe
 diarrhea occurs, dosing should be suspended and the patient rehydrated.

**Common Adverse Reactions** (incidence ≥2% and greater than placebo)

· In
 IBS-C clinical trials: diarrhea (20% vs 3% placebo), abdominal pain (7% vs 5%), flatulence
 (4% vs 2%), headache (4% vs 3%), viral gastroenteritis (3% vs 1%) and abdominal distension
 (2% vs 1%).

· In
 CIC trials of a 145 mcg dose: diarrhea (16% vs 5% placebo), abdominal pain (7% vs 6%), flatulence
 (6% vs 5%), upper respiratory tract infection (5% vs 4%), sinusitis (3% vs 2%) and abdominal
 distension (3% vs 2%). In a CIC trial of a 72 mcg dose: diarrhea (19% vs 7% placebo) and
 abdominal distension (2% vs <1%).

Please see full Prescribing Information including Boxed Warning: <u>http://www.allergan.com/assets/pdf/linzess_pi</u>

LINZESS® and CONSTELLA® are registered trademarks of Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Any other trademarks referred to in this press release are the property of their respective owners. All rights reserved.

**Forward-Looking Statements**

This press release contains forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, including statements about Ironwood's ability to execute on its mission; Ironwood's strategy, business, financial position and operations; the Ironwood's ability to drive growth and profitability; the demand, development, commercial availability and commercial potential of linaclotide, including pursuing highly differentiated GI assets to add to our portfolio, and the drivers, timing, impact and results thereof; the potential indications for, and benefits of, linaclotide; our financial performance and results, and guidance and expectations related thereto; LINZESS prescription demand growth, LINZESS U.S. net sales growth, total revenue and adjusted EBITDA in 2023; the potential to expand the clinical utility of LINZESS based on the recent sNDA submission in functional constipation for pediatric patients aged 6 to 17 years old; the potential of CNP-104 to be the first PBC disease modifying therapy and the expected timing of receiving data from the clinical study for CNP-104 in PBC patients and the results thereof, and the belief that this will inform timing of topline data; our plan to advance IW-3300 including the timing and results thereof; our anticipation on reaching new clinical milestones in 2023 and the belief that Ironwood is positioned well for long term growth. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release, and Ironwood undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements. Each forward-looking statement is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statement. Applicable risks and uncertainties include those related to the effectiveness of development and commercialization efforts by us and our partners; preclinical and clinical development, manufacturing and formulation development of linaclotide, CNP-104, IW-3300, and our product candidates; the risk that clinical programs and studies, including for the linaclotide pediatric program, IW-3300 and CNP-104, may not progress or develop as anticipated, including that studies are delayed or discontinued for any reason, such as safety, tolerability, enrollment, manufacturing, economic or other reasons; the risk that findings from our completed nonclinical and clinical studies may not be replicated in later studies; the risk that we or our partners are unable to obtain, maintain or manufacture sufficient LINZESS or our product candidates, or otherwise experience difficulties with respect to supply or manufacturing; the efficacy, safety and tolerability of linaclotide and our product candidates; the risk that the therapeutic opportunities for LINZESS or our product candidates are not as we expect; decisions by regulatory and judicial authorities; the risk we may never get additional patent protection for linaclotide and other product candidates, that patents for linaclotide or other products may not provide adequate protection from competition, or that we are not able to successfully protect such patents; the risk that we are unable to manage our expenses or cash use, or are unable to commercialize our products as expected; the risk that the development of any of our clinical pediatric programs in IBS-C and functional constipation in 6 to 17 year-olds, CNP-104 and/or IW-3300 are not successful or that any of our product candidates is not successfully commercialized; the risk that the FDA will not approve our sNDA submission for the potential indication in functional constipation in pediatric patients aged 6-17; outcomes in legal proceedings to protect or enforce the patents relating to our products and product candidates, including abbreviated new drug application litigation; the risk that financial and operating results may differ from our projections; developments in the intellectual property landscape; challenges from and rights of competitors or potential competitors; the risk that our planned investments do not have the anticipated effect on our company revenues; developments in accounting guidance or practice; Ironwood's or AbbVie's accounting practices, including reporting and settlement practices as between Ironwood and AbbVie; the risk that we are unable to manage our expenses or cash use, or are unable to commercialize our products as expected; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; and the risks listed under the heading "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in Ironwood's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and in our subsequent Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") filings.

Investors:

Greg Martini, 617-374-5230

<u>gmartini@ironwoodpharma.com</u>

Matt Roache, 617-621-8395

<u>mroache@ironwoodpharma.com</u>

Media:

Beth Calitri, 978-417-2031

<u>bcalitri@ironwoodpharma.com</u>

**Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets**

**(In thousands)**

**(unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, <br>2022** | **December 31,<br> 2021** |
| **Assets** |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $656203 | $620129 |
| Accounts receivable, net | 115458 | 114042 |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 7715 | 8689 |
| Restricted cash, short-term | 1250 | 1250 |
| Convertible note hedges | ![](image_001.gif)- | 1115 |
| Total current assets | 780626 | 745225 |
| Restricted cash, net of current portion | 485 | 485 |
| Accounts receivable, net of current portion | 14589 | 23998 |
| Property and equipment, net | 6288 | 7575 |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 14023 | 15350 |
| Deferred tax assets | 283661 | 333294 |
| Other assets | 847 | 1000 |
| Total assets | $1100519 | $1126927 |
| **Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity** |  |  |
| Accounts payable | $483 | $935 |
| Accrued research and development costs | 5258 | 15896 |
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 16700 | 23566 |
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 3065 | 3127 |
| Current portion of convertible senior notes |  | 116858 |
| Note hedge warrants | 19 | 1316 |
| Total current liabilities | 25525 | 161698 |
| Convertible senior notes, net of current portion | 396251 | 337333 |
| Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 16599 | 18484 |
| Other liabilities | 9766 | 3501 |
| Total stockholders' equity | 652378 | 605911 |
| **Total liabilities and stockholders' equity** | $1100519 | $1126927 |

---

**Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income**

**(In thousands, except per share amounts)**

**(unaudited)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **2022** | **2021** |
| Revenues |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Collaborative arrangements revenue | $107199 | $116986 | $410596 | $412784 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sale of active pharmaceutical ingredient | - | 144 | - | 969 |
| Total revenues | 107199 | 117130 | 410596 | 413753 |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 10446 | 31851 | 44265 | 70405 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling, general and administrative | 28390 | 28687 | 115994 | 111133 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restructuring expenses | - | - | - | (44) |
| Total operating expenses | 38836 | 60538 | 160259 | 181494 |
| Income from operations | 68363 | 56592 | 250337 | 232259 |
| Other (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | (1526) | (7951) | (7598) | (31150) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest and investment income | 5446 | 180 | 9501 | 726 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain (loss) on derivatives | (18) | (2566) | 182 | (1178) |
| Other (expense) income, net | 3902 | (10337) | 2085 | (31602) |
| Income before income taxes | 72265 | 46255 | 252422 | 200657 |
| Income tax (expense) benefit | (23398) | (4881) | (77357) | 327791 |
| GAAP net income | $48867 | $41374 | $175065 | $528448 |
| GAAP net income per share—basic | $0.32 | $0.25 | $1.13 | $3.26 |
| GAAP net income per share—diluted | $0.27 | $0.25 | $0.96 | $3.21 |

---

**Reconciliation of GAAP Results to Non-GAAP Financial Measures**

**(In thousands, except per share amounts) (unaudited)**

A reconciliation between net income on a GAAP basis and on a non-GAAP basis is as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **2022** | **2021** |
| GAAP net income | $48867 | $41374 | $175065 | $528448 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mark-to-market adjustments on the derivatives related to convertible notes, net | 18 | 2566 | (182) | 1178 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restructuring expenses |  |  |  | (44) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Valuation allowance release | - | - | - | (337800) |
| Non-GAAP net income | $48885 | $43940 | $174883 | $191782 |

---

A reconciliation between basic net income per share on a GAAP basis and on a non-GAAP basis is as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **2022** | **2021** |
| GAAP net income per share –basic | $0.32 | $0.25 | $1.13 | $3.26 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments to GAAP net income per share (as detailed above) | - | 0.02 | - | (2.08) |
| Non-GAAP net income per share –basic | $0.32 | $0.27 | $1.13 | $1.18 |
| Weighted average number of common shares used to calculate net income per share — basic | 153337 | 163294 | 154366 | 162245 |

---

A reconciliation between diluted net income per share on a GAAP basis and on a non-GAAP basis is as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **2022** | **2021** |
| GAAP net income per share –diluted | $0.27 | $0.25 | $0.96 | $3.21 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments to GAAP net income per share (as detailed above) | - | 0.02 | - | (2.05) |
| Non-GAAP net income per share –diluted | $0.27 | $0.27 | $0.96 | $1.16 |
| Weighted average number of common shares used to calculate net income per share — diluted<sup>1</sup> | 185188 | 165631 | 186312 | 164418 |

---

<sup>1</sup> Following the adoption of ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022, the dilutive impact of Ironwood's convertible senior notes is determined using the if-converted method. As a result of this change, the weighted average number of common shares used to calculate diluted net income per share includes approximately 29.9 million shares related to the assumed conversion of the 2024 and 2026 convertible senior notes. Under the modified retrospective transition method elected by the Company in connection with the adoption of ASU 2020-06, diluted earnings per share for prior fiscal periods is not required to be, and has not been, restated.

**Reconciliation of GAAP Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA** 

**(In thousands)**

**(unaudited)**

A reconciliation of GAAP net income to adjusted EBITDA:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **2022** | **2021** |
| GAAP net income | $48867 | $41374 | $175065 | $528448 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mark-to-market adjustments on the derivatives related to convertible notes, net | 18 | 2566 | (182) | 1178 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restructuring expenses |  |  |  | (44) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | 1526 | 7951 | 7598 | 31150 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest and investment income | (5446) | (180) | (9501) | (726) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax expense (benefit) | 23398 | 4881 | 77357 | (327791) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 340 | 358 | 1418 | 1523 |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $68703 | $56950 | $251755 | $233738 |

---

**U.S. LINZESS Commercial Collaboration<sup>1</sup>**

**Revenue/Expense Calculation**

**(In thousands)**

**(unaudited)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **2022** | **2021** |
| LINZESS U.S. net sales as reported by AbbVie<sup>2</sup> | $260327 | $278555 | $1002143 | $1005856 |
| AbbVie & Ironwood commercial costs, expenses and other discounts<sup>3</sup> | 66879 | 67510 | 272757 | 265118 |
| Commercial profit on sales of LINZESS | $193448 | $211045 | $729386 | $740738 |
| *Commercial Margin**<sup>4</sup>*** | 74% | 76% | 73% | 74% |
| Ironwood's share of net profit | 96724 | 105523 | 364693 | 370369 |
| Reimbursement for Ironwood's commercial expenses | 8048 | 8199 | 34074 | 30002 |
| Ironwood's collaborative arrangement revenue<sup>2</sup> | $104772 | $113722 | $398767 | $400371 |

---

<sup>1</sup> Ironwood collaborates with AbbVie on the development and commercialization of linaclotide in North America. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, Ironwood receives 50% of the net profits and bears 50% of the net losses from the commercial sale of LINZESS in the U.S. The purpose of this table is to present calculations of Ironwood's share of net profit (loss) generated from the sales of LINZESS in the U.S. and Ironwood's collaboration revenue/expense; however, the table does not present the research and development expenses related to LINZESS in the U.S. that are shared equally between the parties under the collaboration agreement. Please refer to the table at the end of this press release for net profit for the U.S. LINZESS brand collaboration with AbbVie.

<sup>2</sup> LINZESS net sales are recognized using AbbVie's revenue recognition accounting policies and reporting conventions. As a result, certain rebates and discounts are classified as LINZESS U.S. commercial costs, expenses and other discounts within Ironwood's calculation of collaborative arrangements revenue.

<sup>3</sup> Includes certain discounts recognized and cost of goods sold incurred by AbbVie; also includes commercial costs incurred by AbbVie and Ironwood that are attributable to the cost-sharing arrangement between the parties.

<sup>4</sup> Commercial margin is defined as commercial profit on sales of LINZESS as a percent of total LINZESS U.S. net sales.

**US LINZESS Full Brand Collaboration<sup>1</sup>**

**Revenue/Expense Calculation**

**(In thousands)**

**(unaudited)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Three Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** | **Twelve Months Ended<br> December 31,** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **2022** | **2021** |
| LINZESS U.S. net sales as reported by AbbVie<sup>2</sup> | $260327 | $278555 | $1002143 | $1005856 |
| AbbVie & Ironwood commercial costs, expenses and other discounts<sup>3</sup> | 66879 | 67510 | 272757 | 265118 |
| AbbVie & Ironwood R&D Expenses<sup>4</sup> | 9684 | 11017 | 33684 | 39417 |
| Total net profit on sales of LINZESS | $183764 | $200028 | $695702 | $701321 |

---

<sup>1</sup> Ironwood collaborates with AbbVie on the development and commercialization of linaclotide in North America. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, Ironwood receives 50% of the net profits and bears 50% of the net losses from the commercial sale of LINZESS in the U.S. The purpose of this table is to present calculations of the total net profit (loss) generated from the sales of LINZESS in the U.S., including the commercial costs and expenses and the research and development expenses related to LINZESS in the U.S. that are shared equally between the parties under the collaboration agreement.

<sup>2</sup> LINZESS net sales are recognized using AbbVie's revenue recognition accounting policies and reporting conventions. As a result, certain rebates and discounts are classified as LINZESS U.S. commercial costs, expenses and other discounts within Ironwood's calculation of collaborative arrangements revenue.

<sup>3</sup> Includes certain discounts recognized and cost of goods sold incurred by AbbVie; also includes commercial costs incurred by AbbVie and Ironwood that are attributable to the cost-sharing arrangement between the parties.

<sup>4</sup> R&D expenses related to LINZESS in the U.S. are shared equally between Ironwood and AbbVie under the collaboration agreement.