# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001156041
**File Stem:** 0001641172-25-017360
**Filing Date:** 2025-7
**Character Count:** 79800
**Document Hash:** b53f8d67685bee4e8cece04070ff7284
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001641172-25-017360.hdr.sgml**: 20250701

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001641172-25-017360

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 15

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250701

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Changes in Control of Registrant

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Other Events

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Financial Statements and Exhibits

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250701

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250701

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** HOUSTON AMERICAN ENERGY CORP
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001156041
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** CRUDE PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS [1311]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 01 Energy & Transportation
- **EIN:** 760675953
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-32955
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251096303

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 801 TRAVIS STREET, SUITE 1425
- **CITY:** HOUSTON
- **STATE:** TX
- **ZIP:** 77002
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 7132226966

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 801 TRAVIS STREET SUITE 1425
- **CITY:** HOUSTON
- **STATE:** TX
- **ZIP:** 77002

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**United States**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 8-K**

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): July 1, 2025

**HOUSTON AMERICAN ENERGY CORP.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

<u>Delaware</u> <u>1-32955</u> <u>76-0675953</u> <br> (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (Commission File Number) (IRS Employer Identification No.)

801 Travis Street, Suite 1425

Houston, Texas 77002

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

713-222-6966

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligations of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | HUSA | NYSE American |

---

**INTRODUCTORY NOTE**

***The Share Exchange***

As previously disclosed, on February 20, 2025, Houston American Energy Corp., a Delaware corporation ("HUSA" or the "Company"), entered into a share exchange agreement, as amended by that certain amendment to the share exchange agreement, dated as of June 27, 2025 (the "Share Exchange Agreement"), with Abundia Financial, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Abundia Financial"), and Bower Family Holdings, LLC, a North Carolina limited liability company ("BFH", and together with Abundia Financial, the "AGIG Unitholders"). The AGIG Unitholders are the record and beneficial owners of all the issued and outstanding units of Abundia Global Impact Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("AGIG").

On July 1, 2025, as contemplated by the Share Exchange Agreement, HUSA acquired all of the outstanding units of AGIG from the AGIG Unitholders in exchange for issuing to the AGIG Unitholders an aggregate of 31,778,032 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 of HUSA ("Common Stock"), which is equal to 94% of the sum of (a) the aggregate issued and outstanding Common Stock at the time of the Closing (including the Exchange Shares (as defined in the Share Exchange Agreement)), plus (b) all Common Stock approved for issuance by the Company under a Future Equity Incentive Plan (as defined in the Share Exchange Agreement) at the time of the Closing contingent upon the approval by the stockholders of the Company of such Future Equity Incentive Plan (the "Share Exchange"). The closing of the Share Exchange is referred to herein as the "Closing" and the date of the Closing is referred to herein as the "Closing Date."

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 2.01** | **Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets.** |

---

The information contained in (or incorporated by reference into) the disclosure set forth in the "Introductory Note" above is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.01.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 3.02** | **Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities.** |

---

The information contained in (or incorporated by reference into) the disclosure set forth in the "Introductory Note" above is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.02.

The shares of Common Stock issued to AGIG Unitholders at the Closing have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and may not be sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. The securities will be issued and were issued in reliance upon exemptions from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, and Rule 506 promulgated under Regulation D of the Securities Act.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 5.01** | **Change in Control of Registrant.** |

---

The information contained in (or incorporated by reference into) the disclosure set forth in the "*Introductory Note*" of this Report is incorporated herein by reference.

Immediately following the consummation of the Share Exchange, Abundia Financial holds directly 84.6% of the outstanding shares of the Company, and BFH holds directly 10.4% and indirectly through Abundia Financial 46.3% of the outstanding shares of the Company.

The total equity value of the Share Exchange was approximately $331 million. The Share Exchange was funded by issuing shares of Common Stock to the AGIG Unitholders.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 5.02** | **Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.** |

---

On July 1, 2025, upon the Closing and in accordance with the terms of the Share Exchange Agreement, Stephen P. Hartzell resigned from the Board and the audit, compensation, and governance and nominating committees and Peter Longo resigned from his position as President, Secretary, Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer, but Mr. Longo will remain as the Chairman of the Board. The resignations were not due to any disagreement with the Company.

On July 1, 2025, pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, the Board appointed Edward Gillespie, age 49, as the Company's new principal executive officer and a member of its Board, effective upon the Closing. In his capacity as the Company's Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Gillespie will receive an initial compensation of $30,000 per month, with an opportunity to receive an annual bonus, made available to the Company's senior management from time to time by the Board. Other than arrangements under the Share Exchange Agreement, there are no other arrangements or understandings between Mr. Gillespie and any other persons pursuant to which he was appointed as Chief Executive Officer or a member of the Board. There are also no family relationships between any of the Company's directors or officers and Mr. Gillespie. There are no related party transactions between Mr. Gillespie and the Company that would require disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. Mr. Gillespie will receive standard board compensation for his service as a director.

Mr. Gillespie has over 20 years of executive experience in senior management, finance, operations and capital markets. Mr. Gillespie co-founded Abundia Global Impact Group LLC in 2019, and has served as board member, President and CEO since. Since 2018, Mr. Gillespie has served on the board of Poseidon Plastics, Ltd. and as the President of Abundia Financial. He also serves as the Chief Executive Officer of SafeBus Inc. and as the Chairman and Managing Director of Port House Consultants Ltd. In 2007, Mr. Gillespie founded Moyle Road Construction Ltd. and served as the Chairman and Managing Director until 2012, during which time the company grew to employ over 100 employees and earned multi-million Euros in revenue. Mr. Gillespie has a Diploma in Business Management and Development from The College of Management and IT in Ireland. Mr. Gillespie has served as a board member of various companies for the past 25 years, and held senior management positions, including Chief Executive Officer of Abundia Global Impact Group LLC., his experience both at board and executive level makes him duly qualified to serve as a board member. Mr. Gillespie has not held any other public company directorships in the last five years.

On July 1, 2025, the Board appointed Lucie Harwood, age 49, as the Company's new Chief Financial Officer, effective upon the Closing. In her capacity as the Company's Chief Financial Officer, Ms. Harwood will receive an initial compensation of $30,000 per month, with an opportunity to receive an annual bonus, made available to the Company's senior management from time to time by the Board. There are no arrangements or understandings between Ms. Harwood and any other persons pursuant to which she was appointed as Chief Financial Officer. There are also no family relationships between any of the Company's directors or officers and Ms. Harwood. There are no related party transactions between Ms. Harwood and the Company that would require disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.

Ms. Harwood has over 20 years of finance experience and has worked across a number of sectors with large multinationals, including Kerry Group and Laird PLC. Since 2022, Ms. Harwood has served as the Chief Financial Officer of Abundia Impact Group. From 2020 to 2021, Ms. Harwood served as Interim CFO of Aer Lingus, where she also served as Director of Insurance, Tax & Treasury from 2018 to 2020. Her knowledge and experience cross all areas of finance, but she specializes in investor relations, risk management, tax, and treasury management. Ms. Harwood has served in a number of senior leadership roles across a wide array of team sizes, ranging from large well-established finance teams to more informal cross-functional teams, often during times of significant change or challenge. She is passionate about how finance can, and should, take the lead in driving business value and innovation. Ms. Harwood is a UK Chartered Accountant (FCA) and holds a BA (Hons) in Politics and History from the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

On July 1, 2025, the Board appointed Joseph Gasik, age 50, as the Company's new Chief Operating Officer and Secretary, effective upon the Closing. In his capacity as the Company's Chief Operating Officer, Mr. Gasik will receive an initial compensation of $30,000 per month, with an opportunity to receive an annual bonus, made available to the Company's senior management from time to time by the Board. There are no arrangements or understandings between Mr. Gasik and any other persons pursuant to which he was appointed as Chief Operating Officer. There are also no family relationships between any of the Company's directors or officers and Mr. Gasik. There are no related party transactions between Mr. Gasik and the Company that would require disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K.

Mr. Gasik is a partner and co-founder of Abundia Financial, an asset investment acquisition and venture capital development company that established and provided all seed funding for Abundia Global Impact Group. He has served as Partner and Managing Member of Abundia Financial since March 2019. As a strategic and operational leader, Mr. Gasik is experienced in developing and executing corporate business plans with a longstanding track record of delivering large-scale programs to drive growth. He has held leading execution roles in substantial transactions, such as mergers, acquisitions, and divestitures, distinguished by the ability to achieve clear, measurable goals for integration and expansion activities. Since February 2021, Mr. Gasik has served as the COO of Abundia Global Impact Group, the flagship company of Abundia Financial, at which he has overseen scale-up operations, co-led fundraising, executed commercial agreements, and led growth initiatives including strategic partnerships and asset development. Prior to becoming COO of Abundia Global Impact Group, Mr. Gasik served as Program Manager and Governance Leader on the $8 billion GEO Transportation—Wabtec merger from 2019 to 2021, where he designed and implemented the governance framework for over 200 integration projects. From 2009 to 2018, Mr. Gasik was Head of the Strategy and Performance at Musanada, an Emirati state-owned holding company, where he helped scale the organization from 30 to over 500 employees and grew its asset portfolio from $6 billion to over $27 billion. Earlier in this career, Mr. Gasik also consulted at the Ministry of Interior in Saudi Arabia and worked at UBS Wealth Management in the United States. He has an MBA from Notre Dame, an MS from Stevens Institute of Technology, and a BBA from the University of Delaware.

Effective July 1, 2025, the Board, pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement and its powers under the Company's amended and restated by-laws, appointed Matthew Henninger as a member of the Board. Mr. Henninger will serve as a director until the next annual meeting of the Company's stockholders, at which time he will stand for election until the annual meeting of the Company's stockholders following his election, or his earlier resignation, retirement or other termination of service. Mr. Henninger will receive standard board compensation for his service as a director.

Mr. Henninger has over 35 years of experience that encompasses corporate finance, marketing, brand development, and operational management. Mr. Henninger is currently the Managing Partner of BRM Holdings, a private family office that has investments in biotech, healthcare services, consumer products, data access technology, and investment funds. Since March of 2015, he has managed the day-to-day operations of the business including the evaluation of prospective business opportunities and investments. In April of 2023, Mr. Henninger became the CEO of Exotropin, a BRM Holdings portfolio company. Exotropin is an exosome platform technology company that has developed a portfolio of intellectual property around processing and use of the proprietary exosomes. The company also produces and sells consumer products predominately in the United States and the Middle East. In addition to his duties as the company's CEO, he is also responsible for the manufacturing of the company's products. The businesses have no affiliation with HUSA and Mr. Henninger has not held any other public company directorships in the last five years. His experience at board and executive level makes him duly qualified to serve as a board member.

There are no arrangements or understandings between Mr. Henninger and any other persons pursuant to which he was named as a director of the Company. There are no related party transactions between Mr. Henninger and the Company that would require disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. Mr. Henninger will serve on the Board's audit committee and the Board's compensation committee.

In connection with the appointments, the Company and Mr. Gillespie, Ms. Harwood, Mr. Gasik and Mr. Henninger entered into an Indemnification Agreement (the "Indemnification Agreement"), a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.1. The Indemnification Agreement requires the Company to indemnify the directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law against liability that may arise by reason of their service to the Company, and to advance certain expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against an officer or a director as to which such officer or director could be indemnified.

The foregoing description of the Indemnification Agreement is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the form Indemnification Agreement, which is attached as Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated into this Item 5.02 by reference.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 8.01** | **Other Events.** |

---

On July 1, 2025, the Company issued a press release (the "Closing Press Release") announcing the Closing, and another press release (the "Director Press Release") announcing Matthew Henninger's appointment to the Board. A copy of the Closing Press Release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and a copy of the Director Press Release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.2, and both press releases are incorporated by reference herein.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 9.01** | **Financial Statements and Exhibits.** |

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(a) Financial Statements of Businesses Acquired.

As permitted by Item 9.01 of Form 8-K, the financial statements required by this Item will be filed by amendment to this Form 8-K within 71 days following the date on which this Form 8-K is required to be filed.

**(b)**  **Pro Forma Financial Information.** 

As permitted by Item 9.01 Form 8-K, the pro forma financial statements required by this Item will be filed by amendment to this Form 8-K within 71 days following the date on which this Form 8-K is required to be filed.

(d) Exhibits.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit No.** | **Description** |
| 10.1 | [Form Indemnification Agreement](ex10-1.htm) |
| 99.1 | [Closing Press Release dated July 1, 2025.](ex99-1.htm) |
| 99.2 | [Director Press Release, dated July 1, 2025.](ex99-2.htm) |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive File (the cover page tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |

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**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **HOUSTON AMERICAN ENERGY CORP.** | **HOUSTON AMERICAN ENERGY CORP.** |
| Dated: July 1, 2025 |  |  |
|  | By: | */s/ Edward Gillespie* |
|  | Name: | Edward Gillespie |
|  | Title: | Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 10.1

**Exhibit 10.1**

**<u>INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT</u>**

This Indemnification Agreement (this "<u>Agreement</u>") is made as of [●], 2025 by and between Houston American Energy Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "<u>Company</u>"), and [●] ("<u>Indemnitee</u>").

<u>RECITALS</u>

WHEREAS, the Company desires to attract and retain the services of highly qualified directors, officers, legal counsel, employees, fiduciaries and other agents, such as Indemnitee, to serve the Company, any of its direct or indirect subsidiaries (collectively referred to herein as "<u>Company Group</u>") or an Enterprise (as herein defined);

WHEREAS, to induce Indemnitee to provide services to the Company Group or an Enterprise, the Company wishes to provide Indemnitee with protection against liability and expenses incurred while acting in such capacity to the maximum extent permitted by law;

WHEREAS, the Company's Certificate of Incorporation (the "<u>Charter</u>") and Bylaws (the "<u>Bylaws</u>") require indemnification of the officers and directors of the Company and Indemnitee may also be entitled to indemnification pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "<u>DGCL</u>");

WHEREAS, the Bylaws and the DGCL expressly provide that the indemnification provisions set forth therein are not exclusive, and thereby contemplate that contracts may be entered into between the Company and members of the board of directors, officers, legal counsel, employees and other agents of the Company Group, which contracts may provide greater protection than is afforded by the Bylaws and DGCL;

WHEREAS, the Company and Indemnitee recognize the continued difficulty in obtaining liability insurance for directors, officers, legal counsel, employees, agents and fiduciaries of the Company Group or an Enterprise, the significant and continual increases in the cost of such insurance and the general trend of insurance companies to reduce the scope of coverage of such insurance;

WHEREAS, the Company and Indemnitee further recognize the substantial increase in corporate litigation in general, subjecting directors, officers, legal counsel, employees, agents and fiduciaries to expensive litigation risks at the same time as the availability and scope of coverage of liability insurance provide increasing challenges for the Company;

WHEREAS, Indemnitee does not regard the protection currently provided by applicable law, the Company's governing documents and available insurance as adequate under the present circumstances, and Indemnitee may not be willing to continue to serve in such capacity without additional protection;

WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company (the "<u>Board</u>") has determined that the increased difficulty in attracting and retaining highly qualified persons such as Indemnitee is detrimental to the best interests of the Company's stockholders and that the Company should act to assure Indemnitee that there will be increased certainty of such protection in the future;

WHEREAS, it is reasonable, prudent and necessary for the Company contractually to obligate itself to indemnify, and to advance expenses on behalf of, Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, regardless of any amendment or revocation of the Charter or Bylaws, so that Indemnitee will serve or continue to serve the Company Group or an Enterprise, free from undue concern that Indemnitee will not be so indemnified; and

WHEREAS, this Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the indemnification provided in the Charter, Bylaws and any resolutions adopted pursuant thereto, and shall not be deemed a substitute therefor, nor to diminish or abrogate any rights of Indemnitee thereunder.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants contained herein, the Company and Indemnitee do hereby covenant and agree as follows:

Section 1. <u>Services</u>. Indemnitee agrees to serve as an officer, director, legal counsel, employee, fiduciary or other agent of the Company Group or an Enterprise. Indemnitee may at any time and for any reason resign from such position (subject to any other contractual obligation or any obligation imposed by law), in which event no member of the Company Group shall have any obligation under this Agreement to continue Indemnitee in such position. This Agreement shall not be deemed an employment contract between the Company (or the Company Group or any Enterprise) and Indemnitee. The foregoing notwithstanding and subject to Section 16 of this Agreement, this Agreement shall continue in force after Indemnitee has ceased to serve as an officer, director, legal counsel, employee, fiduciary or other agent of the Company Group or an Enterprise, and will continue to provide coverage, to the extent provided for in this Agreement, for matters that occurred while Indemnitee served in such capacity.

Section 2. <u>Definitions</u>. As used in this Agreement:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) "<u>Corporate Status</u>" describes the status of a person as a current or former director, officer, legal counsel, employee, agent, trustee or consultant of the Company Group or of any other Enterprise which such person is or was serving at the request of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) "<u>Enforcement Expenses</u>" shall include all reasonable attorneys' fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with an action to enforce indemnification or advancement rights, or an appeal from such action, including, without limitation, the premium, security for and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersedes bond or other appeal bond or its equivalent.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) "<u>Enterprise</u>" means any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other legal entity (other than an entity within the Company Group) of which Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, legal counsel, employee, agent, trustee, consultant or fiduciary.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) "<u>Expenses</u>" shall include all reasonable attorneys' fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in, or otherwise participating in, a Proceeding (hereinafter defined) or an appeal resulting from a Proceeding, including, without limitation, the premium, security for and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersedes bond or other appeal bond or its equivalent. Expenses, however, shall not include amounts paid in settlement by Indemnitee or the amount of judgments or fines against Indemnitee.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) "<u>Independent Counsel</u>" means a law firm, or a partner (or, if applicable, member) of such a law firm, that is experienced in matters of Delaware corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the past two years has been, retained to represent: (i) any member of the Company Group, any Enterprise or Indemnitee in any matter material to any such party (other than with respect to matters concerning the Indemnitee under this Agreement, or of other indemnitees under similar indemnification agreements), or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term "Independent Counsel" shall not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either any member of the Company Group or Indemnitee in an action to determine Indemnitee's rights under this Agreement. The Company agrees to pay the reasonable fees and expenses of the Independent Counsel and to fully indemnify such counsel against any and all expenses, claims, liabilities and damages arising out of or relating to this Agreement or Independent Counsel's engagement pursuant to this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) The term "<u>Proceeding</u>" shall include any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing or any other actual, threatened or completed proceeding, whether brought in the right of the Company Group or otherwise and whether of a civil, criminal, administrative legislative, or investigative (formal or informal) nature, including any and all appeals therefrom, in which Indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a party, potential party, non-party witness or otherwise by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director, consultant, legal counsel, employee, fiduciary, agent or officer of the Company or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, legal counsel, employee, agent, consultant or trustee of any direct or indirect subsidiary or any Enterprise or by reason of any action taken by Indemnitee (including, without limitation, in the case of legal counsel, any error or omission in giving legal advice) or of any action taken on Indemnitee's part while acting as director, legal counsel, employee, agent, trustee, consultant or officer of the Company, or while serving at the request of the Company as a director, consultant, legal counsel, officer, employee, agent or trustee of any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company or any Enterprise, in each case whether or not serving in such capacity at the time any liability or expense is incurred for which indemnification, reimbursement, or advancement of expenses can be provided under this Agreement. If the Indemnitee believes in good faith that a given situation may lead to or culminate in the institution of a Proceeding, such situation shall be considered a Proceeding under this paragraph. The term "Proceeding" shall not include any action, suit or arbitration, or part thereof, initiated by Indemnitee to enforce Indemnitee's rights under this Agreement as provided for in Section 14(e) of this Agreement.

Section 3. <u>Indemnity in Third-Party Proceedings</u>. The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3 if Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant in any Proceeding, other than a Proceeding by or in the right of any member of the Company Group to procure a judgment in its favor (which is covered by Section 4 of this Agreement). Pursuant to this Section 3, Indemnitee shall be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by law against all Expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee's behalf in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of any member of the Company Group and, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that Indemnitee's conduct was unlawful. Indemnitee shall not enter into any settlement in connection with a Proceeding without 10 days' prior notice to the Company.

Section 4. <u>Indemnity in Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company</u>. The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 4 if Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant in any Proceeding by or in the right of any member of the Company Group to procure a judgment in its favor. Pursuant to this Section 4, Indemnitee shall be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by law against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee's behalf in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of any member of the Company Group. No indemnification for Expenses shall be made under this Section 4 in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which Indemnitee shall have been finally adjudged by a court to be liable to any member of the Company Group, unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery (the "<u>Delaware Court</u>") or any court in which the Proceeding was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification for such expenses as the Delaware Court or such other court shall deem proper.

Section 5. <u>Indemnification for Expenses of a Party Who is Wholly or Partly Successful</u>. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement and except as provided in Section 9, to the extent that Indemnitee is a party to or a participant in and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee's behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter. For purposes of this Section and without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or matter. Nothing in this Section 5 is intended to limit Indemnitee's rights provided for in Sections 3 and 4.

Section 6. <u>Indemnification For Expenses of a Witness</u>. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee is, by reason of Indemnitee's Corporate Status, a witness or otherwise asked to participate in any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is not a party and is not threatened to be made a party, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee's behalf in connection therewith. Nothing in this Section 6 is intended to limit Indemnitee's rights provided for in Sections 3 and 4.

Section 7. <u>Partial Indemnification</u>. If Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some or a portion of expenses, but not, however, for the total amount thereof, the Company shall nevertheless indemnify Indemnitee for the portion thereof to which Indemnitee is entitled.

Section 8. <u>Additional Indemnification</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Except as provided in Section 9, and notwithstanding any limitation in Sections 3, 4, or 5, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by law if Indemnitee is a party to or is threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding (including a Proceeding by or in the right of any member of the Company Group to procure a judgment in its favor) against all Expenses, judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the Proceeding.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) For purposes of Section 8(a), the meaning of the phrase "to the fullest extent permitted by law" shall include, but not be limited to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) the fullest extent permitted by the provision of the DGCL that authorizes or contemplates additional indemnification by agreement, or the corresponding provision of any amendment to or replacement of the DGCL or such provision thereof; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) the fullest extent authorized or permitted by any amendments to or replacements of the DGCL adopted after the date of this Agreement that increase the extent to which a corporation may indemnify its directors.

Section 9. <u>Exclusions</u>. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall not be obligated under this Agreement:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) to make any indemnity for amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder (or for which advancement is provided hereunder) if and to the extent that Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such amounts under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) to make any indemnity for an accounting of profits made from the purchase and sale (or sale and purchase) by Indemnitee of securities of the Company within the meaning of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or similar provisions of state statutory law or common law; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) to make any indemnity or advancement that is prohibited by applicable law.

Section 10. <u>Advances of Expenses</u>. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall advance, to the extent not prohibited by law, all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of Indemnitee (or which Indemnitee determines are reasonably likely to be paid or incurred by Indemnitee within three months) in connection with any Proceeding, and such advancement shall be made within 20 days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements requesting such advances (which shall include invoices received by Indemnitee in connection with such Expenses but, in the case of invoices in connection with legal services, any references to legal work performed or to expenditures made that would cause Indemnitee to waive any privilege accorded by applicable law shall not be included with the invoice) from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of any Proceeding. Advances shall be unsecured and interest free. Advances shall be made without regard to Indemnitee's ability to repay the expenses and without regard to Indemnitee's ultimate entitlement to indemnification under the other provisions of this Agreement. The Indemnitee shall qualify for advances upon the execution and delivery to the Company of this Agreement, which shall constitute an undertaking providing that the Indemnitee undertakes to the fullest extent required by law to repay the amounts advanced (without interest) if and to the extent that it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final judgment, not subject to appeal, that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. No other form of undertaking shall be required other than the execution of this Agreement. The right to advances under this paragraph shall in all events continue until final disposition of any Proceeding. Nothing in this Section 10 shall limit Indemnitee's right to advancement pursuant to Section 14(e) of this Agreement. The parties agree that for the purposes of any advancement of Expenses for which Indemnitee has made written demand to the Company in accordance with this Agreement, all Expenses included in such demand that are certified by affidavit of Indemnitee's legal counsel as being reasonable shall be presumed conclusively to be reasonable.

Section 11. <u>Procedure for Notification and Defense of Claim</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) To obtain indemnification under this Agreement, Indemnitee shall submit to the Company a written request therefor, and, if Indemnitee so chooses pursuant to Section 12 of this Agreement, such written request shall also include a request for Indemnitee to have the right to indemnification determined by Independent Counsel. The omission by Indemnitee to notify the Company hereunder will not relieve the Company from any liability which it may have to Indemnitee hereunder, under the Charter, the Bylaws, any resolution of the Board providing for indemnification or otherwise, and any delay in so notifying the Company shall not constitute a waiver by Indemnitee of any rights under this Agreement. The Secretary of the Company shall, promptly upon receipt of such a request for indemnification, advise the Board in writing that Indemnitee has requested indemnification.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The Company will be entitled to participate in any Proceeding at its own expense.

Section 12. <u>Procedure Upon Application for Indemnification.</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Upon written request by Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to Section 11(a), a determination, if such determination is required by applicable law, with respect to Indemnitee's entitlement thereto shall be made in the specific case: (i) by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board if Indemnitee so requests in such written request for indemnification pursuant to Section 11(a), or (ii) by the Company in accordance with applicable law if Indemnitee does not so request such determination be made by Independent Counsel. In the case that such determination is made by Independent Counsel, a copy of Independent Counsel's written opinion shall be delivered to Indemnitee and, if it is so determined that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, payment to Indemnitee shall be made within 10 days after such determination. Indemnitee shall cooperate with the Independent Counsel, or the Company, as applicable, making such determination with respect to Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification, including providing to such counsel or the Company upon reasonable advance request any reasonable documentation or information which is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any costs or expenses (including attorneys' fees and disbursements) incurred by Indemnitee in so cooperating with the Independent Counsel or the Company shall be borne by the Company (irrespective of the determination as to Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification) and the Company hereby indemnifies and agrees to hold Indemnitee harmless therefrom.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) In the event that Indemnitee exercises Indemnitee's right to have Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification determined by Independent Counsel pursuant to Sections 11(a) and 12(a)(i), the Independent Counsel shall be selected by Indemnitee, and Indemnitee shall give written notice to the Company advising it of the identity of the Independent Counsel so selected. The Company may, within 10 days after such written notice of Indemnitee's selection shall have been given, deliver to the Indemnitee a written objection to such selection; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that such objection may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of "Independent Counsel" as defined in Section 2 of this Agreement, and the objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis of such assertion. Absent a proper and timely objection, the person or firm so selected shall act as Independent Counsel. If such written objection is so made and substantiated, the Independent Counsel so selected may not serve as Independent Counsel unless and until such objection is withdrawn or a court has determined that such objection is without merit. If, within 20 days after the later of (i) submission by Indemnitee of a written request for indemnification and Independent Counsel pursuant to Sections 11(a) and 12(a)(i) hereof, respectively, and (ii) the final disposition of the Proceeding, including any appeal therein, no Independent Counsel shall have been selected and not objected to, the Indemnitee may petition a court of competent jurisdiction for resolution of any objection which shall have been made by the Company to the selection of Independent Counsel and/or for the appointment as Independent Counsel of a person selected by the court or by such other person as the court shall designate. The person with respect to whom all objections are so resolved or the person so appointed shall act as Independent Counsel under Section 12(a) hereof. Upon the due commencement of any judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to Section 14(a) of this Agreement, Independent Counsel shall be discharged and relieved of any further responsibility in such capacity (subject to the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing).

Section 13. <u>Presumptions and Effect of Certain Proceedings.</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) In making a determination with respect to entitlement to indemnification hereunder, it shall be presumed that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under this Agreement if Indemnitee has submitted a request for indemnification in accordance with Section 11(a) of this Agreement, and the Company shall have the burden of proof to overcome that presumption in connection with the making of any determination contrary to that presumption. Neither (i) the failure of the Company or of Independent Counsel to have made a determination prior to the commencement of any action pursuant to this Agreement that indemnification is proper in the circumstances because Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct, nor (ii) an actual determination by the Company or by Independent Counsel that Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of guilty, <u>nolo contendere</u> or its equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement) of itself adversely affect the right of Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company or, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that Indemnitee's conduct was unlawful.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) For purposes of any determination of good faith, Indemnitee shall be deemed to have acted in good faith if Indemnitee's action is based on the records or books of account of the Enterprise, including financial statements, or on information supplied to Indemnitee by the officers of the Enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Enterprise or the Board or counsel selected by any committee of the Board or on information or records given or reports made to the Enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser, investment banker or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Company or the Board or any committee of the Board. The provisions of this Section 13(c) shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the other circumstances in which the Indemnitee may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) The knowledge and/or actions, or failure to act, of any director, consultant, officer, agent or employee of any member of the Company Group or any Enterprise shall not be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining the right to indemnification under this Agreement.

Section 14. <u>Remedies of Indemnitee.</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Subject to Section 14(f), in the event that (i) a determination is made pursuant to Section 12 of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 10 of this Agreement, (iii) no determination of entitlement to indemnification shall have been made pursuant to Section 12(a) of this Agreement within 60 days after receipt by the Company of the request for indemnification that does not include a request for Independent Counsel, (iv) payment of indemnification is not made pursuant to Section 5, 6 or 7 or the last sentence of Section 12(a) of this Agreement within 10 days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor, (v) payment of indemnification pursuant to Section 3, 4 or 8 of this Agreement is not made within 10 days after a determination has been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, or (vi) in the event that the Company or any other person takes or threatens to take any action to declare this Agreement void or unenforceable, or institutes any litigation or other action or Proceeding designed to deny, or to recover from, the Indemnitee the benefits provided or intended to be provided to the Indemnitee hereunder, Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication by a court of Indemnitee's entitlement to such indemnification and/or advancement. Alternatively, Indemnitee, at Indemnitee's option, may seek an award in arbitration to be conducted by a single arbitrator pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association. Indemnitee shall commence such proceeding seeking an adjudication or an award in arbitration within 180 days following the date on which Indemnitee first has the right to commence such proceeding pursuant to this Section 14(a); <u>provided</u>, that the foregoing time limitation shall not apply in respect of a proceeding brought by Indemnitee to enforce Indemnitee's rights under Section 5 of this Agreement. The Company shall not oppose Indemnitee's right to seek any such adjudication or award in arbitration.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) In the event that a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 12(a) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 14 shall be conducted in all respects as a de novo trial, or arbitration, on the merits and Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of that adverse determination. In any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 14, the Company shall have the burden of proving Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement, as the case may be.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) If a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 12(a) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 14, absent a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitee's statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) The Company shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 14 that the procedures and presumptions of this Agreement are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in any such court or before any such arbitrator that the Company is bound by all the provisions of this Agreement. It is the intent of the Company that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Indemnitee not be required to incur legal fees or other expenses associated with the interpretation, enforcement or defense of Indemnitee's rights under this Agreement by litigation or otherwise because the cost and expense thereof would substantially detract from the benefits intended to be extended to the Indemnitee hereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against any and all Enforcement Expenses and, if requested by Indemnitee, shall (within 10 days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor) advance, to the extent not prohibited by law, such Enforcement Expenses to Indemnitee, which are incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any action brought by Indemnitee for indemnification or advancement from the Company under this Agreement or under any directors' and officers' liability insurance policies maintained by the Company, regardless of whether Indemnitee ultimately is determined to be entitled to such indemnification, advancement or insurance recovery, as the case may be, in the suit for which indemnification or advancement is being sought. The parties agree that for the purposes of any advancement of Enforcement Expenses for which Indemnitee has made written demand to the Company in accordance with this Agreement, all Enforcement Expenses included in such demand that are certified by affidavit of Indemnitee's counsel as being reasonable shall be presumed conclusively to be reasonable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, no determination as to entitlement of Indemnitee to indemnification under this Agreement shall be required to be made prior to the final disposition of the Proceeding, including any appeal therein.

Section 15. <u>Non-exclusivity; Survival of Rights; Insurance; Subrogation.</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The rights of indemnification and to receive advancement as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Charter, the Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or a resolution of directors, or otherwise. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Agreement or of any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any right of Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in Indemnitee's Corporate Status prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal. To the extent that a change in Delaware law, whether by statute or judicial decision, permits greater indemnification or advancement than would be afforded currently under the Charter, the Bylaws and this Agreement, it is the intent of the parties hereto that Indemnitee shall enjoy by this Agreement the greater benefits so afforded by such change. No right or remedy herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every other right and remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) To the extent that the Company maintains an insurance policy or policies providing liability insurance for directors, consultants, officers, legal counsel, employees, trustees or agents of any member of the Company Group or of any Enterprise, Indemnitee shall be covered by such policy or policies in accordance with its or their terms to the maximum extent of the coverage available for any such director, consultant, officer, legal counsel, employee, trustee or agent under such policy or policies. If, at the time of the receipt of a notice of a claim pursuant to the terms hereof, any member of the Company Group has director and officer liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of such claim or of the commencement of a proceeding, as the case may be, to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies. The Company shall thereafter take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of the Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) The Company's obligation to provide indemnification or advancement hereunder to Indemnitee who is or was serving at the request of any member of the Company Group as a director, consultant, officer, employee, legal counsel, trustee or agent of any member of the Company Group or other Enterprise shall be reduced by any amount Indemnitee has actually received as indemnification or advancement from such member of the Company Group or such other Enterprise.

Section 16. <u>Duration of Agreement</u>. This Agreement shall continue until and terminate upon the later of: (a) 10 years after the date that Indemnitee shall have ceased to serve as an officer, director, legal counsel, employee, fiduciary or agent of any member of the Company Group or an Enterprise, or (b) one year after the final termination of any Proceeding, including any appeal, then pending in respect of which Indemnitee is granted rights of indemnification or advancement hereunder and of any proceeding, including any appeal, commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 14 of this Agreement relating thereto. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of Indemnitee and Indemnitee's heirs, executors and administrators. The Company shall require and cause any successor, and any direct or indirect parent of any successor, whether direct or indirect by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise, to all, substantially all or a substantial part, of the business and/or assets of the Company, by written agreement in form and substance satisfactory to the Indemnitee, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.

Section 17. <u>Severability</u>. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any section of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall remain enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law; (b) such provision or provisions shall be deemed reformed to the extent necessary to conform to applicable law and to give the maximum effect to the intent of the parties hereto; and (c) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any section of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested thereby.

Section 18. <u>Enforcement</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The Company expressly confirms and agrees that it has entered into this Agreement and assumed the obligations imposed on it hereby to induce Indemnitee to serve as an officer, director, legal counsel, employee, fiduciary or agent of a member or members of the Company Group or an Enterprise, and the Company acknowledges that Indemnitee is relying upon this Agreement in serving as an officer, director, legal counsel, employee, fiduciary or agent of a member or members of the Company Group or an Enterprise.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, oral, written and implied, between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that this Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the Charter, the Bylaws, any resolution of the Board providing for indemnification and applicable law, and shall not be deemed a substitute therefor, nor to diminish or abrogate any rights of Indemnitee thereunder.

Section 19. <u>Modification and Waiver</u>. No supplement, modification or amendment, or waiver of any provision, of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the parties thereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions of this Agreement nor shall any waiver constitute a continuing waiver.

Section 20. <u>Notice by Indemnitee</u>. Indemnitee agrees promptly to notify the Company in writing upon being served with any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, information or other document relating to any Proceeding or matter which may be subject to indemnification or advancement as provided hereunder. The failure of Indemnitee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of any obligation which it may have to the Indemnitee under this Agreement or otherwise.

Section 21. <u>Notices</u>. All notices, requests, demands and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if (a) delivered by hand and receipted for by the party to whom said notice or other communication shall have been directed, (b) mailed by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date on which it is so mailed, (c) mailed by reputable overnight courier and receipted for by the party to whom said notice or other communication shall have been directed or (d) sent by facsimile transmission, with receipt of oral confirmation that such transmission has been received:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) If to Indemnitee, at the address indicated on the signature page of this Agreement, or such other address as Indemnitee shall provide to the Company.

(b) If to the Company to:

 Houston American Energy Corp.

 Attn: [●]

 [●]

 Facsimile: [●]

or to any other address as may have been furnished to Indemnitee by the Company.

Section 22. <u>Contribution</u>. To the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, if the indemnification provided for in this Agreement is unavailable to Indemnitee for any reason whatsoever, the Company, in lieu of indemnifying Indemnitee, shall contribute to the amount incurred by Indemnitee, whether for judgments, fines, penalties, excise taxes, amounts paid or to be paid in settlement and/or for Expenses, in connection with any Proceeding, in such proportion as is deemed fair and reasonable in light of all of the circumstances in order to reflect (i) the relative benefits received by any member of the Company Group and Indemnitee in connection with the event(s) and/or transaction(s) giving rise to such Proceeding; and/or (ii) the relative fault of any member of the Company Group (and its directors, officers, employees, legal counsel, fiduciaries and agents) and Indemnitee in connection with such event(s) and/or transaction(s).

Section 23. <u>Applicable Law and Consent to Jurisdiction</u>. This Agreement and the legal relations among the parties shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflict of laws rules. Except with respect to any arbitration commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 14(a) of this Agreement, the Company and Indemnitee hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (i) agree that any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be brought only in the Delaware Court, and not in any other state or federal court in the United States of America or any court in any other country, (ii) consent to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Court for purposes of any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, (iii) consent to service of process at such address set forth in Section 21 of this Agreement with the same legal force and validity as if served upon such party personally within the State of Delaware, (iv) waive any objection to the laying of venue of any such action or proceeding in the Delaware Court, and (v) waive, and agree not to plead or to make, any claim that any such action or proceeding brought in the Delaware Court has been brought in an improper or inconvenient forum.

Section 24. <u>Identical Counterparts</u>. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. Only one such counterpart signed by the party against whom enforceability is sought needs to be produced to evidence the existence of this Agreement.

Section 25. <u>Miscellaneous</u>. The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof.

[*signature page follows*]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be signed as of the day and year first above written.

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| COMPANY: |
| Houston American Energy Corp. |
| By: |
| [Name] |
| [Title] |
| INDEMNITEE: |
| By: |
| [Name and Address] |

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## Exhibit 99.1

**Exhibit 99.1**

**Houston American Energy Acquires Abundia Global Impact Group, Creating a Publicly Traded Innovator in Low-Carbon Fuels**

HOUSTON, TX – July 1st, 2025 – Houston American Energy Corp. (NYSE American: HUSA) ("HUSA" or the "Company") has completed its acquisition of Abundia Global Impact Group, LLC ("AGIG"), creating a leading company focused on converting waste plastics into high-value, drop-in low-carbon fuels and chemical products.

The combined company will be led by Abundia's founder, Ed Gillespie, who will serve as Chief Executive Officer and will join the Board of Directors. This strategic acquisition leverages HUSA's public market platform to accelerate Abundia's growth, scale its technology and execute on its plan to develop large-scale recycling projects, beginning with a new facility planned for the U.S. Gulf Coast.

"The completion of this acquisition represents a pivotal transformation for HUSA," said Peter Longo, Chairman of the combined company. "Abundia has a commercially ready solution for converting waste into valuable fuels and chemicals, with a backlog of development opportunities utilizing proprietary technologies and key industry partnerships. This transaction gives HUSA shareholders a ready-made platform and project pipeline for future value generation as the fuel and chemical industries accelerate their adoption of low-carbon solutions and sustainable aviation fuel."

CEO of the combined company Ed Gillespie commented, "This is a landmark moment for Abundia and a major step forward for the renewable industry. Joining forces with HUSA and entering the public capital markets positions us to accelerate growth, scale our technology and expand our influence within the renewable and recycling industries. I am proud of the hard work and determination of both the AGIG and HUSA teams to finalize this transaction. We look forward to delivering shareholder value and critical technologies to reduce carbon emissions."

**Key Highlights of the Combined Company**

● **Targeting a Multi-Billion Dollar Market:** Directly serves the growing global demand for renewable fuels, Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), and recycled chemical feedstocks

● **Proprietary, Commercially Ready Technology:** Utilizes a proven pyrolysis process to convert waste plastics into valuable, drop-in fuels and chemicals

● **Project Development:** Near-term plans to develop a large-scale project in the U.S. Gulf Coast, which is a strategic location with access to waste feedstock and downstream customers, a large workforce and multiple transportation options

**Key Highlights of the Transaction**

● **Proven Executive Leadership:** The combined company will be led by:

○ Ed Gillespie, Chief Executive Officer and Board Member

○ Peter Longo, Chairman of the Board

○ Lucie Harwood, Chief Financial Officer

○ Joseph Gasik, Chief Operating Officer

● **Structure:** Abundia Global Impact Group, a Delaware Limited Liability Company, will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of HUSA through an exchange of outstanding membership interests of AGIG for newly authorized shares of HUSA common stock.

**About Houston American Energy Corp.**

Houston American Energy Corp. is a renewable energy company focused on converting waste materials into valuable low-carbon fuels and chemicals. Through its proprietary pyrolysis technology, the company addresses the global plastic waste crisis while supplying high-demand products like sustainable aviation fuel and recycled feedstocks to the energy and chemical industries.

**Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information:**

This news release contains "forward-looking information" and "forward-looking statements" (collectively, "forward-looking information") within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking information generally is accompanied by words such as "believe," "may," "will," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "expect," "should," "would," "plan," "predict," "potential," "seem," "seek," "future," "outlook" and similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends or that are not statements of historical matters. Forward-looking information is based on management's current expectations and beliefs and is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking information in this news release includes, but is not limited to, statements about the future growth of the Company in the renewable energy industry and plans for new project development and facilities, the Company's expectations with respect to the completed acquisition of AGIG (the "Acquisition"), including statements regarding the benefits of the Acquisition, the implied valuation of the Company, the products offered by the Company and the markets in which it operates, and the Company's projected future results and market opportunities, as well as information with respect to the Company's future operating results and business strategy. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including, but not limited to: (i) risks and uncertainties impacting the Company's business including, risks related to its current liquidity position and the need to obtain additional financing to support ongoing operations, the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, the Company's ability to maintain the listing of its common stock on NYSE American, the Company's ability to predict its rate of growth, the Company's ability to hire, retain and motivate employees, the effects of competition on the Company's business, including price competition, technological, regulatory and legal developments, developments in the economy and financial markets, risks related to the Company's ability to realize some or all of the anticipated benefits from the Acquisition, and (iii) other risks as set forth from time to time in the Company's filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to serve as a guarantee, an assurance, a prediction or a definitive statement of fact or probability. Actual events and circumstances are beyond the control of the Company.

With respect to the forward-looking information contained in this news release, the Company has made numerous assumptions. While the Company considers these assumptions to be reasonable, these assumptions are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, market and social uncertainties and contingencies. Additionally, there are known and unknown risk factors which could cause the Company's actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking information contained herein. A complete discussion of the risks and uncertainties facing the Company's business is disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC on <u>www.sec.gov</u>.

All forward-looking information herein is qualified in its entirety by this cautionary statement, and the Company disclaims any obligation to revise or update any such forward-looking information or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to any of the forward-looking information contained herein to reflect future results, events or developments, except as required by law.

For additional information, view the company's website at <u>www.houstonamerican.com</u> or contact Houston American Energy Corp. at (713) 222-6966.

## Exhibit 99.2

**Exhibit 99.2**

**FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE**

**Houston American Energy Corp. Appoints Matthew T. Henninger to Board of Directors**

**HOUSTON, TX – July 1st, 2025** – In a move to strengthen its leadership following a strategic share exchange with Abundia Global Impact Group (AGIG), Houston American Energy Corp. (NYSE American: HUSA) ("HUSA" or the "Company") today announced the appointment of Matthew T. Henninger to its Board of Directors, effective immediately. Mr. Henninger will serve on the Audit Committee and Compensation Committees.

"We are pleased to welcome Matthew to the Company's Board of Directors," said Chairman Peter Longo. "Matthew's global business expertise and extensive background in finance and strategic planning make him well-suited to help guide the Company's growth and value creation strategies. We look forward to his contributions to the Board."

Mr. Henninger is a New York-based executive with over 35 years of investment banking, operational management and business advisory experience. He is currently a Managing Partner at BRM Holdings, a private family office and serves as the CEO of Exotropin, a BRM Holdings portfolio company. Previously, Mr. Henninger was the CEO of Cedi Global and was the President of Red Lion Partners. He has operated, advised and served on boards of directors in a range of industries including consumer products, medical chemicals, industrial manufacturing, and short-line rail transportation and others.

Concurrent with the appointment and the closing of the share exchange on [July 1], 2025, Stephen P. Hartzell has resigned from the Board of Directors. The Company extends its gratitude to him for his service. Following these changes, the Board remains composed of five directors, including three independent members.

**About Houston American Energy Corp.**

Houston American Energy Corp. (NYSE American: HUSA) is a renewable energy company focused on converting waste materials into valuable low-carbon fuels and chemicals. Through its proprietary pyrolysis technology, the company addresses the global plastic waste crisis while supplying high-demand products like sustainable aviation fuel and recycled feedstocks to the energy and chemical industries.

For additional information, view the company's website at <u>www.houstonamerican.com</u> or contact Houston American Energy Corp. at (713) 222-6966.