# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000316253
**File Stem:** 0001213900-25-078736
**Filing Date:** 2025-8
**Character Count:** 56439
**Document Hash:** d05471fde092d33dda3039cc16a10d72
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001213900-25-078736.hdr.sgml**: 20250820

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001213900-25-078736

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 14

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250820

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard; Transfer of Listing

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Material Modifications to Rights of Security Holders

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Changes in Control of Registrant

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Financial Statements and Exhibits

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250820

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250820

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** ENZO BIOCHEM INC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000316253
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS (NO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES) [2836]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 03 Life Sciences
- **EIN:** 132866202
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** NY
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 0731

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-09974
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251233986

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 60 EXECUTIVE BLVD
- **CITY:** FARMINGDALE
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 11735
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 5167555500

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** ENZO BIOCHEM INC
- **STREET 2:** 60 EXECUTIVE BLVD
- **CITY:** FARMINGDALE
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 11735

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 8-K**

**CURRENT REPORT**

**PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): **August 20, 2025**

**ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **New York** | **001-09974** | **13-2866202** |
| (State or other jurisdiction<br> of incorporation) | (Commission File Number) | (IRS Employer<br> Identification No.) |

---

**21 Executive Blvd.** 

**Farmingdale, New York 11735**

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: **(631) 755-5500**

**N/A**

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange on which registered** |
| Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | ENZB | OTC Markets OTCQX |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

**Introductory Note**

This Current Report on Form 8-K is being filed in connection with the completion of the previously announced Merger (as defined below) pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 23, 2025 (the "Merger Agreement"), by and among Enzo Biochem, Inc., a New York corporation (the "Company"), Bethpage Parent, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Parent"), and Bethpage Merger Sub, Inc., a New York corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent ("Merger Sub").

On August 20, 2025 (the "Closing Date"), pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into the Company (the "Merger"), with the Company surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent.

The foregoing description of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby contained in this Introductory Note, including the Merger, does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Merger Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 2.1 hereto and is incorporated by reference herein.

**Item 2.01 Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets.**

The information set forth in the Introductory Note and under Items 3.01, 5.01, 5.02 and 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.01.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Merger (the "Effective Time"), each share of the common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock"), that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (each, a "Share", and collectively, the "Shares"), subject to certain customary exceptions specified in the Merger Agreement, was automatically converted into the right to receive $0.70 in cash, without interest (the "Merger Consideration") and subject to applicable withholding taxes.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, (i) each Company restricted stock unit (a "Company RSU") that was outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time and was either (A) held by a member of the Board (whether vested or unvested) or (B) vested in accordance with its terms but not yet settled as of the Effective Time (each, a "Vested Company RSU") was automatically cancelled and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash, without interest, equal to the product obtained by multiplying (A) the total number of Shares underlying such Company RSU, by (B) the Merger Consideration, subject to applicable withholding taxes, (ii) each Company RSU that was outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time and not a Vested Company RSU was automatically canceled without any consideration payable therefor and (iii) each option to purchase Shares that was outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time was automatically canceled without any consideration payable therefor.

Further, at the Effective Time, each warrant to acquire Shares ("Company Warrant") was cancelled, terminated and extinguished as of the Effective Time, and in exchange for and upon such cancellation thereof, each such Company Warrant that was outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time was converted into the right to receive, without interest, an amount set forth in the applicable Warrant Cancellation Agreement executed by the holder of each such Company Warrant and the Company concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement. The description of the Warrant Cancellation Agreements set forth in this Item 1.01 is qualified in its entirety by reference to the content of the Form of Warrant Cancellation Agreement filed herewith as Exhibit 10.1, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The foregoing description of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby contained in this Item 2.01, including the Merger, does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Merger Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 2.1 hereto and is incorporated by reference herein.

**Item 3.01 Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard; Transfer of Listing.**

The information set forth in the Introductory Note and under Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.01.

As a result of the Merger, the Shares no longer trade on the OTCQX tier of the OTC Markets or any other over-the-counter market. The Common Stock ceased trading on the OTCX prior to the opening of trading on August 20, 2025. In addition, in connection with the consummation of the Merger, the Company intends to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") a Certification and Notice of Termination of Registration on Form 15 with respect to the Common Stock, requesting that the Common Stock be deregistered under Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and that the reporting obligations of the Company with respect to the Common Stock under Section 13(a) and Section 15(d) of Exchange Act be suspended.

**Item 3.03 Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders.**

The information set forth in the Introductory Note and under Item 2.01, Item 3.01 and Item 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.03.

Except as described in Item 2.01, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, each Share, subject to certain customary exceptions specified in the Merger Agreement, was automatically converted into the right to receive the Merger Consideration.

**Item 5.01 Changes in Control of Registrant.**

The information set forth in the Introductory Note and under Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.01.

As a result of the Merger, at the Effective Time, a change in control of the Company occurred, and the Company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent.

**Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.**

In connection with the consummation of the Merger (and not as a result of any disagreement with the Company), and in accordance with the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, Steven J. Pully, Bradley L. Radoff, Jonathan Couchman, and Kara Cannon, each of whom was a director of the Company as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, ceased to be a director of the Company and a member of any committee of the Company's Board of Directors.

**Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.**

The information set forth in the Introductory Note and under Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.03.

At the Effective Time, the certificate of incorporation of the Company, as in effect immediately prior to the Merger, was amended and restated, in accordance with the Merger Agreement and the New York Business Corporation Law (the "NYBCL"), to be in the form of the certificate of incorporation attached as Exhibit 3.1 hereto. Such exhibit is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.03.

At the Effective Time, the bylaws of the Company, as in effect immediately prior to the Merger, were amended and restated, in accordance with the Merger Agreement and the NYBCL, to be in the form of the bylaws attached as Exhibit 3.2 hereto. Such exhibit is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.03.

**Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.**

**(d) Exhibits**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit No.** | **Exhibit Description** |
| 2.1\* | [Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 23, 2025, by and among Enzo Biochem, Inc., Bethpage Parent, Inc. and Bethpage Merger Sub, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2025)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/316253/000121390025056897/ea024646001ex2-1_enzo.htm) |
| 3.1 | [Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Enzo Biochem, Inc.](ea025369702ex3-1_enzo.htm) |
| 3.2 | [Amended and Restated Bylaws of Enzo Biochem, Inc.](ea025369702ex3-2_enzo.htm) |
| 10.1 | [Form of Warrant Cancellation Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 24, 2025)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/316253/000121390025056897/ea024646001ex10-1_enzo.htm) |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |

---

\* Exhibits and/or schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The registrant hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally copies of any of the omitted exhibits and schedules upon request by the SEC; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that the registrant may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Exchange Act for any exhibits or schedules so furnished.

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.** | **ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.** |
|  | By: | /s/ Patricia Eckert |
|  | Name: | Patricia Eckert |
|  | Title: | Chief Financial Officer |
| Date: August 20, 2025 |  |  |

---

## Exhibit 3.1

**Exhibit 3.1**

**FORM OF**

**CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT**

**OF THE**

**CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION**

**OF ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.**

**ARTICLE I**

The name of the corporation is "Enzo Biochem, Inc." (the "***Corporation***").

**ARTICLE II**

The purpose for which the Corporation is formed is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the New York Business Corporation Law, provided that the Corporation is not formed to engage in any act or activity which requires the consent or approval of any state official, department, board, agency or other body, without such consent or approval first being obtained. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the "***Board***").

**ARTICLE III**

The office of the Corporation is to be located in County of Suffolk, State of New York.

**ARTICLE IV**

The Corporation is authorized to issue one class of capital stock to be designated Common Stock. The total number of shares of Common Stock authorized to be issued is two hundred (200) shares without par value.

**ARTICLE V**

The Secretary of State of New York is designated as the agent of the Corporation upon whom process against the Corporation may be served. The post office address to which the Secretary of State shall mail a copy of any process against the Corporation served upon the Secretary of State is: 81 Executive Blvd, Suite 3, Farmingdale NY 11735.

**ARTICLE VI**

The name and address of the registered agent which is to be the agent of the Corporation upon whom process against it may be served, are CT Corporation System, 28 Liberty Street, New York, NY 10005.

**ARTICLE VII**

The Bylaws of the Corporation may fix and alter, or provide the manner for fixing and altering, the number of directors constituting the whole Board. Unless and except to the extent that the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so require, the election of directors of the Corporation need not be by written ballot, and directors need not be shareholders of the Corporation

**ARTICLE VIII**

In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by law, the Board is expressly authorized and empowered to make, alter and repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation by a majority vote at any regular or special meeting of the Board or by written consent, subject to the power of the shareholders of the Corporation to alter or repeal any Bylaws made by the Board.

**ARTICLE IX**

Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those shareholders who have not consented in writing.

**ARTICLE X**

The Corporation reserves the right at any time and from time to time to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, and any other provisions authorized by the laws of the State of New York at the time in force that may be added or inserted, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by law, and all rights, preferences and privileges of whatsoever nature conferred upon shareholders, directors or any other persons whomsoever by and pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject to the right reserved in this Article.

**ARTICLE XI**

The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by the Business Corporation Law of the State of New York, indemnify any and all persons whom it shall have power to indemnify from and against any and all of the expenses, liabilities or other matter as provided under Article Seven of the Business Corporation Law of the State of New York.

## Exhibit 3.2

**Exhibit 3.2**

**AMENDED AND RESTATED**<br> **BY-LAWS OF**<br> **ENZO BIOCHEM, INC.**

**ARTICLE I<br> OFFICES**

**Section 1.01 Principal Office.** The principal office of the corporation shall be located at such place within or without the State of New York as the board of directors may from time to time determine.

**Section 1.02 Other Offices.** The corporation may also have offices and places of business at such other places within and without the State of New York as the board of directors may from time to time determine.

**ARTICLE II**<br> **SHAREHOLDERS**

**Section 2.01 Annual Meeting.** The annual meeting of the shareholders of the corporation, for the election of directors and for the transaction of other business, shall be held each year at such time and such place within or without the State of New York as the board of directors shall determine. The board of directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the annual meeting be held solely by means of electronic communication, the platform or service of which shall be the place of the meeting. If the annual meeting is to be held at a physical location, the board of directors may, in its discretion, authorize shareholders not physically present to participate and/or vote in the proceedings of such meeting by means of electronic communication, as more fully set forth in Section 2.03.

**Section 2.02 Special Meetings.** Special meetings of the shareholders for any purpose or purposes may be called by the board of directors and shall be held on such date, at such time and place, either within or without the State of New York, as shall be determined by the board of directors. The only business which may be conducted at a special meeting, other than procedural matters and matters relating to the conduct of the meeting, shall be the matter or matters described in the notice of such meeting. The board of directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting be held solely by means of electronic communication, the platform or service of which shall be the place of the meeting. If the meeting is to be held at a physical location, the board of directors may, in its discretion, authorize shareholders not physically present to participate and/or vote in the proceedings of such meeting by means of electronic communication, as more fully set forth in Section 2.03.

**Section 2.03 Electronic Communication.** The board of directors may, in its discretion, authorize shareholders not physically present, in person or proxy, at a meeting of shareholders to participate in the proceedings of such meeting and/or vote or grant proxies with respect to matters submitted to the shareholders at such meeting by means of electronic communication. A shareholder participating in a shareholders' meeting by such means is deemed to be present in person at the meeting.

**Section 2.04 Notice of Meetings.** Written or electronic notice of each meeting of the shareholders shall be given, personally or by mail or electronic transmission, not fewer than ten nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting; provided, however, that such notice may be given by third class mail not fewer than 24 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting, to each shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deposited in the United States mail, with postage thereon prepaid, directed to the shareholder at such shareholder's address as it appears on the record of shareholders or, if a shareholder shall have filed with the Secretary of the corporation a written request that notices to such shareholder be mailed to some other address, then directed to such shareholder at such other address. If transmitted electronically, such notice shall be directed to the shareholder's electronic address supplied to the Secretary of the corporation or as otherwise directed pursuant to the shareholder's authorization or instructions. The notice shall state (i) the place, date and hour of the meeting, (ii) the means of electronic communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxyholders may participate in the proceedings of the meeting and vote or grant proxies at such meeting and (iii) unless it is the annual meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called and indicate that the notice is being issued by or at the direction of the person or persons calling the meeting. The notice need not refer to the approval of minutes or to other matters normally incident to the conduct of the meeting.

**Section 2.05 Waiver of Notice.** Notice of a meeting need not be given to any shareholder who submits a waiver of notice. Waivers of notice may be written or electronic and may be submitted before or after the meeting. The attendance of any shareholder at a meeting, in person or by proxy, without protesting prior to the conclusion of the meeting the lack of notice of such meeting, shall constitute a waiver of such notice by such shareholder.

**Section 2.06 Procedure.** At each meeting of shareholders, the order of business and all other matters of procedure shall be determined by the person presiding at the meeting.

**Section 2.07 List of Shareholders.** A list of shareholders as of the record date, certified by the corporate officer responsible for its preparation or by a transfer agent, shall be produced at any meeting of shareholders upon the request thereat, or prior thereto, by any shareholder. If the right to vote at any meeting is challenged, the inspectors of election, or person presiding thereat, shall require such list of shareholders to be produced as evidence of the right of the persons challenged to vote at such meeting, and all persons who appear from such list to be shareholders entitled to vote thereat may vote at such meeting.

**Section 2.08 Quorum.** At each meeting of shareholders for the transaction of any business, a quorum must be present to organize such meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, a quorum shall consist of the holders of a majority of the votes of shares of the corporation entitled to vote at such meeting, present either in person or by proxy. When a quorum is once present to organize a meeting of the shareholders, it is not broken by the subsequent withdrawal of any shareholders.

**Section 2.09 Adjournments.** The shareholders entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at any meeting of shareholders, whether or not a quorum shall be present at the meeting, shall have power by a majority vote to adjourn the meeting from time to time without notice other than announcement at the meeting of the time and place to which the meeting is adjourned. At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted on the original date of the meeting, and the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting on the original date (whether or not they were present thereat), and no others, shall be entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting. However, if after the adjournment the board fixes a new record date for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record on the new record date entitled to such notice.

**Section 2.10 Voting; Proxies.** Each shareholder of record shall be entitled at every meeting of shareholders to one vote for each share having voting power standing in the shareholder's name on the record of shareholders of the corporation on the record date fixed pursuant to Section 7.03 of these by-laws, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation of the corporation. Each shareholder entitled to vote at a meeting of shareholders may vote in person or, if authorized by the board of directors, by electronic communication, or may authorize another person or persons to act for the shareholder by proxy. Any proxy shall be signed by the shareholder or the shareholder's duly authorized officer, director, employee or agent and shall be delivered to the secretary of the meeting. The signature of a shareholder or the shareholder's duly authorized officer, director, employee or agent on any proxy may be affixed by any reasonable means, including facsimile signature. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of 11 months from the date of its execution unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the shareholder executing it, except as otherwise provided by law.

Directors shall, except as otherwise provided by applicable law or the certificate of incorporation, be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the holders of shares entitled to vote in the election. All other corporate action to be taken by vote of the shareholders shall, except as otherwise provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, be authorized by a majority of the votes cast in favor of such action at a meeting of the shareholders. The vote for directors, or upon any corporate action coming before a meeting of shareholders, shall not be by ballot unless the person presiding at such meeting shall so direct or any shareholder, present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote thereon, shall so demand. Except as otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, an abstention shall not constitute a vote cast.

**Section 2.11 Appointment of Inspectors at Meetings.** The board of directors may, in advance of any meeting of the shareholders, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting (or any adjournment thereof) and make a written report thereof, and shall do so if the corporation has a class of voting shares that is listed on a national securities exchange or authorized for quotation on an interdealer quotation system of a registered national securities association. If inspectors are required and not so appointed in advance of the meeting, the person presiding at such meeting may, and on the request of any shareholder entitled to vote thereat shall, appoint one or more inspectors. In case any inspector appointed fails to appear or act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made by the board of directors in advance of the meeting or at the meeting by the person presiding thereat. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of such inspector's duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of such inspector's ability. No person who is a candidate for the office of director of the corporation shall act as an inspector at any meeting of the shareholders at which directors are elected.

**Section 2.12 Duties of Inspectors of Election.** Whenever one or more inspectors of election is appointed as provided in these by-laws, such inspector or inspectors shall determine the number of shares outstanding and entitled to vote, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, and the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all votes, ballots, or consents, determine the result, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all shareholders.

**Section 2.13 Written Consent of Shareholders Without a Meeting.** Whenever by law shareholders are required or permitted to take any action by vote, such action may be taken without a meeting on written consent, setting forth the action so taken, signed by the holders of all outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon. Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each shareholder who signs the consent, and no written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within 60 days of the earliest dated consent delivered in the manner required by this Section 2.13, written consents signed by the requisite shareholders needed to take action are delivered to the corporation. Written consent thus given by the holders of all such number of shares as is required under this Section 2.13 shall have the same effect as a valid vote of holders of such number of shares.

**ARTICLE III**<br> **Directors**

**Section 3.01 Number and Qualifications.** The board of directors shall consist of one or more members. Subject to any provision as to the number of directors contained in the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, the exact number of directors shall be fixed from time to time by action of the shareholders or by vote of a majority of the entire board of directors, provided that no decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. If the number of directors is increased at any time, the vacancy or vacancies in the board arising from such increase shall be filled as provided in Section 3.06. If the number of directors is not otherwise fixed as provided above, it shall be one. Each of the directors shall be at least 18 years of age.

**Section 3.02 Powers.** The business of the corporation shall be managed under the direction of the board of directors, which shall have and may exercise all of the powers of the corporation, except such as are expressly conferred upon the shareholders by law, by the certificate of incorporation or by these by-laws.

**Section 3.03 Election and Term of Office.** Except as otherwise provided by law or these by-laws, each director of the corporation shall be elected at an annual meeting of shareholders, and shall hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until such director's successor has been elected and qualified.

**Section 3.04 Resignation.** Any director of the corporation may resign at any time by giving such director's resignation to the President or any Vice President or the Secretary. Such resignation shall take effect at the later of the date of receipt of the notice or the time specified therein. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

**Section 3.05 Removal of Directors.** Any or all of the directors may be removed with or without cause by vote of the shareholders.

**Section 3.06 Vacancies.** Except as otherwise provided by law or these by-laws, newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors and vacancies occurring in the board of directors for any reason, except the removal of directors without cause, may be filled by vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum exists. Any such newly created directorships and vacancies occurring in the board of directors for any reason may also be filled by vote of the shareholders at any meeting of shareholders and notice of which shall have referred to the proposed election. If any such newly created directorships or vacancies occurring in the board of directors for any reason shall not be filled prior to the next annual meeting of shareholders, they shall be filled by vote of the shareholders at such annual meeting. A director elected to fill a vacancy, unless elected by the shareholders, shall hold office until the next meeting of shareholders at which the election of directors is in the regular order of business, and until such director's successor has been elected and qualified.

**Section 3.07 Directors' Fees.** Directors may receive a fee for their services as directors and travelling and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending any regular or special meeting of the board. The fee may be a fixed sum to be paid for attending each meeting of the board of directors or a fixed sum to be paid monthly, quarterly or semi-annually, irrespective of the number of meetings attended or not attended. The amount of the fee, if any, and the basis on which it shall be paid shall be determined by the board of directors. Nothing herein contained shall preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation for such services.

**Section 3.08 First Meeting of Newly Elected Directors.** The first meeting of each newly elected board of directors (other than the initial board of directors elected by the incorporator) shall be held immediately after the annual meeting of shareholders and at the same place as such annual meeting of shareholders, provided a quorum be present, and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary. In the event such first meeting of a newly elected board of directors is not held at said time and place, the same shall be held as provided in Section 3.09.

**Section 3.09 Other Meetings of Directors.** Subject to Section 3.08, regular and special meetings of the board of directors may be held at such times and at such places, within or without the State of New York, as the board of directors may determine.

**Section 3.10 Notice of Meetings.** Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without notice if the times and places of such meetings are fixed by the board or these by-laws. Except as provided in the preceding sentence, notice of each regular or special meeting of the board of directors to be held in accordance with Section 3.09, stating the time and place thereof, shall be given by the President, the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary or any member of the board to each member of the board (a) by depositing the notice not less than three days before the meeting in the United States mail, with first-class postage thereon prepaid, directed to such member of the board at the address designated by such member for such purpose (or, if none is designated, at such member's last known address), or (b) not less than 24 hours before the meeting by either (i) delivering the same to such member of the board personally or (ii) transmitting the same by telephone, electronic mail or other electronic transmission method to the address or contact information designated by such member for such purposes (or, if none is designated, to such member's last known address or other contact information). Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director who submits a signed waiver of notice whether before or after the meeting. The notice of any meeting of the board of directors need not specify the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, except as provided in Section 3.06.

**Section 3.11 Quorum and Action by the Board.** At all meetings of the board of directors, except as otherwise provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, a quorum shall be required for the transaction of business and shall consist of not less than a majority of the entire board, and the vote of a majority of the directors present shall decide any question that may come before the meeting. A majority of the directors present, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn any meeting to another time or place without notice other than announcement at the meeting of the time and place to which the meeting is adjourned.

**Section 3.12 Procedure.** The order of business and all other matters of procedure at every meeting of directors may be determined by the person presiding at the meeting.

**Section 3.13 Action Without a Meeting.** Any action required or permitted to be taken by the board or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or the committee consent in writing to the adoption of a resolution authorizing the action. The written consent of a member may be made electronically, where such consent is submitted via email, text, or other secured platform for electronic communications, along with information from which it can be reasonably determined that the transmission was authorized by such member. The resolution and the written consents thereto by the members of the board or committee shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the board or committee.

**Section 3.14 Presence at a Meeting by Telephone.** Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation, members of the board of directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of such board or committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment allowing all persons participating in the meeting to hear each other at the same time. Participation by a director in a board or committee meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

**ARTICLE IV**<br> **Committees of directors**

**Section 4.01 Designation of Committees.** The board of directors, by resolution or resolutions adopted by a majority of the entire board, may designate from among its members an executive committee and other committees, each consisting of one or more directors, and may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any such committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member or members at any meeting of such committee. In the interim between meetings of the board of directors, the executive committee, if and to the extent permitted in the resolution designating such committee, shall have all the authority of the board of directors except as otherwise provided by law and shall serve at the pleasure of the board of directors. Each other committee so designated shall have such name as may be provided from time to time in the resolution or resolutions, shall serve at the pleasure of the board of directors and shall have, to the extent provided in such resolution or resolutions, all the authority of the board of directors except as otherwise provided by law.

**Section 4.02 Acts and Proceedings.** All acts done and power and authority conferred by the executive committee from time to time within the scope of its authority shall be, and may be deemed to be, and may be specified as being, the act and under the authority of the board of directors. The executive committee and each other committee shall keep minutes of its proceedings and report its actions to the board of directors when required.

**Section 4.03 Compensation.** Members of the executive committee or of any other committee may receive such compensation for their services as the board of directors shall from time to time determine.

**ARTICLE V**<br> **Officers**

**Section 5.01 Officers.** The board of directors may appoint or elect a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The board of directors may from time to time appoint or elect such additional officers as it may determine. Such additional officers shall have such titles and such authority and perform such duties as the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.

**Section 5.02 Term of Office.** The President, each Vice President, the Secretary and the Treasurer shall, unless otherwise determined by the board of directors, hold office until the first meeting of the board following the next annual meeting of shareholders and until their successors have been appointed or elected and qualified. Each additional officer appointed or elected by the board of directors shall hold office for such term as shall be determined from time to time by the board of directors and until such officer's successor has been appointed or elected and qualified. Any officer, however, may be removed or have its authority suspended by the board of directors at any time, with or without cause. If the office of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the board of directors shall have the power to fill such vacancy.

**Section 5.03 The President.** The President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation. The President shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the board of directors. The President shall have the general powers and duties of supervision and management of the corporation which usually pertain to such office, and shall perform all such other duties as are properly required of the President by the board of directors.

**Section 5.04 The Vice Presidents.** Each Vice President may be designated by such title as the board of directors may determine, and each such Vice President in such order of seniority as may be determined by the board shall, in the absence or disability of the President, or at the request of the President, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the President. Each Vice President also shall have such powers and perform such duties as usually pertain to such office or as are properly required of such Vice President by the board of directors.

**Section 5.05 The Secretary and Assistant Secretaries.** The Secretary shall issue notices of all meetings of shareholders and directors where notices of such meetings are required by law or these by-laws. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of shareholders and of the board of directors and keep the minutes thereof. The Secretary shall affix the corporate seal (if one is adopted pursuant to Section 9.01) to and sign such instruments as require the seal and the signature of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties as usually pertain to such office or as are properly required of the Secretary by the board of directors.

Each Assistant Secretary may, in the absence or disability of the Secretary, or at the request of the Secretary or the President, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary, and shall perform such other duties as the board of directors shall prescribe.

**Section 5.06 The Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers.** The Treasurer shall have the care and custody of all the moneys and securities of the corporation. The Treasurer shall cause to be entered in books of the corporation to be kept for that purpose full and accurate accounts of all moneys received by the Treasurer and paid by the Treasurer on account of the corporation. The Treasurer shall make and sign such reports, statements and instruments as may be required of the Treasurer by the board of directors or by the laws of the United States or by any state, country or other jurisdiction in which the corporation transacts business, and shall perform such other duties as usually pertain to such office or as are properly required of the Treasurer by the board of directors.

Each Assistant Treasurer may, in the absence or disability of the Treasurer, or at the request of the Treasurer or the President, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties as the board of directors shall prescribe.

**Section 5.07 Execution Authority of Officers.** All agreements of the corporation shall be executed on behalf of the corporation by (a) the President or Vice President of Assurance, (b) such other officer or employee of the corporation authorized in writing by the President, with such limitations or restrictions on such authority as the President deems appropriate or (c) such other person as may be authorized by the board of directors.

**Section 5.08 Officers Holding Two or More Offices.** Any two or more offices may be held by the same person. When all the issued and outstanding shares of the corporation are held by one individual, such individual may hold all or any combination of offices.

**Section 5.09 Duties of Officers May be Delegated.** In case of the absence or disability of any officer of the corporation or in case of a vacancy in any office or for any other reason that the board of directors may deem sufficient, the board of directors, except as otherwise provided by law, may temporarily delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officer or to any director.

**Section 5.10 Compensation.** The compensation of each officer shall be determined by the board of directors. The compensation of all other employees shall be fixed by the President or the President's designees within such limits as may be prescribed by the board of directors.

**Section 5.11 Security.** The board of directors may require any officer, agent or employee of the corporation to give security for the faithful performance of the duties of such officer, agent or employee, in such amount as may be satisfactory to the board. Such security may be in the form of a fidelity bond obtained by the corporation at its expense.

**ARTICLE VI**<br> **Indemnification of directors and officers**

**Section 6.01 Right of Indemnification.** The corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of the State of incorporation, indemnify any and all persons whom it shall have power to indemnify against any and all of the costs, expenses, liabilities or other matters incurred by them by reason of having been officers or directors of the corporation, any subsidiary of the corporation or of any other corporation for which he acted as officer or director at the request of the corporation.

**ARTICLE VII**<br> **Shares**

**Section 7.01 Certificate of Shares.** The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, or will be uncertificated. Certificates, if any, shall be numbered and shall be entered in the records of the corporation as they are issued. Each share certificate shall when issued state upon the face thereof that the corporation is formed under the laws of the State of New York, the name of the person or persons to whom issued, and the number and class of shares and the designation of the series, if any, which such certificate represents and shall be signed by the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and may be sealed with the seal of the corporation, if any, or a facsimile thereof. The signatures of the officers upon a certificate may be facsimiles if: (a) the certificate is countersigned by a transfer agent or registered by a registrar other than the corporation itself or its employee; or (b) the corporation's shares are listed on a registered national securities exchange. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if the officer were such officer at the date of issue. No certificate shall be valid until countersigned by a transfer agent if the corporation has a transfer agent, or until registered by a registrar if the corporation has a registrar.

**Section 7.02 Transfers of Shares.** Shares of the corporation shall be transferable on the books of the corporation by the holder thereof, in person or by duly authorized attorney, upon the surrender of the certificate representing the shares to be transferred, properly endorsed. Except as otherwise provided by law, the corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share as the owner thereof and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof. The board of directors, to the extent permitted by law, shall have power and authority to make all rules and regulations as it may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration of share certificates and may appoint one or more transfer agents and registrars of the shares of the corporation.

**Section 7.03 Fixing of Record Date and Time.** The board of directors may fix, in advance, a day and hour not more than 60 days nor less than ten days before the date on which any meeting of the shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting and at all adjournments thereof shall be determined and, in the event such record date and time are fixed by the board of directors, no one other than the holders of record on such date and time of shares entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting shall be entitled to notice of or to vote at such meeting or any adjournment thereof. If a record date and time shall not be fixed by the board of directors for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting of the shareholders, shareholders of record at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice of such meeting is given, and no others, shall be entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting or any adjournment thereof; provided, however, that if no notice of such meeting is given, shareholders of record on the day such meeting is held, and no others, shall be entitled to vote at such meeting or any adjournment thereof.

The board of directors may fix, in advance, a day and hour not more than 60 days before the date fixed for the payment of a dividend of any kind or the allotment of any rights, as the record time for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or rights, and in such case only shareholders of record at the date and time so fixed shall be entitled to receive such dividend or rights; provided, however, that if no record date and time for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or rights are fixed, shareholders of record at the close of business on the day on which the resolution of the board of directors authorizing the payment of such dividend or the allotment of such rights is adopted shall be entitled to receive such dividend or rights.

**Section 7.04 Record of Shareholders.** The corporation shall keep at its office in the State of New York, or at the office of its transfer agent or registrar in this state, a record containing the names and addresses of all shareholders, the number and class of shares held by each and the dates when they respectively became the owners of record thereof.

**Section 7.05 Lost Share Certificates.** The board of directors may in its discretion cause a new certificate for shares to be issued by the corporation in place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost or destroyed, and the board may require the owner of the lost or destroyed certificate, or such owner's legal representatives, to give the corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the corporation against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of any such new certificate; but the board of directors may in its discretion refuse to issue such new certificate save upon the order of a court having jurisdiction in such matters.

**ARTICLE VIII**<br> **Finances**

**Section 8.01 Corporate Funds.** The funds of the corporation shall be deposited in its name with such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the board of directors or the officers may from time to time designate. All checks, notes, drafts and other negotiable instruments of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, employee or employees, agent or agents as the board of directors may from time to time designate. No officers, employees or agents of the corporation, alone or with others, shall have power to make any checks, notes, drafts or other negotiable instruments in the name of the corporation or to bind the corporation thereby, except as provided in this section.

**Section 8.02 Fiscal Year.** The fiscal year of the corporation shall be the calendar year unless otherwise provided by the board of directors.

**Section 8.03 Loans to Directors.** The corporation may not lend money to or guarantee the obligation of a director of the corporation unless (a) the particular loan or guarantee is approved by the shareholders, with the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote thereon constituting a quorum, but shares held of record or beneficially by directors who are benefited by such loan or guarantee shall not be entitled to vote or to be included in the determination of a quorum, or (b) the board determines that the loan or guarantee benefits the corporation and either approves the specific loan or guarantee or a general plan authorizing loans and guarantees. The fact that a loan or guarantee is made in violation of this section does not affect the borrower's liability on the loan.

**ARTICLE IX**<br> **MISCELLANEOUS**

**Section 9.01 Corporate Seal.** The board of directors may in its discretion adopt or alter the seal of the corporation. The seal of the corporation, if the board elects to adopt one, shall be in such form as may be determined from time to time by the board of directors. The seal on any corporate obligation for the payment of money may be facsimile.

**Section 9.02 Books and Records.** The corporation shall keep correct and complete books and records of account and shall keep minutes of the proceedings of its shareholders, board and committees, if any, and shall keep at the office of the corporation in this state or at the office of its transfer agent or registrar in this state, a record containing the names and addresses of all shareholders, the number and class of shares held by each and the dates when they respectively became the owners of record thereof. Any of the foregoing books, minutes or records may be in written form or in any other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time.

**Section 9.03 Inspection of Books and Records.** The annual balance sheet and profit and loss statement of the corporation, minutes of proceedings of the shareholders and record of shareholders of the corporation shall, to the extent provided by law, be open to the inspection of shareholders and voting trust certificate holders, in the manner provided by law.

**Section 9.04 Affidavit of Proper Purpose.** The corporation may require any shareholder or voting trust certificate holder requesting an inspection under Section 9.03 to furnish to the corporation, its transfer agent or registrar an affidavit that such inspection is not desired for a purpose which is in the interest of a business or object other than the business of the corporation and that such shareholder or holder has not within five years sold or offered for sale any list of shareholders of any corporation of any type or kind, or aided or abetted any person in procuring any such record of shareholders for any such purpose. An inspection requested under Section 9.03 may be denied to a shareholder or other person upon their refusal to furnish to the corporation, its transfer agent or registrar such an affidavit.

**Section 9.05 Amendment of By-Laws.** By-laws of the corporation may be adopted, amended or repealed at any meeting of shareholders, notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by a majority of the votes cast by the holders of the shares of the corporation at the time entitled to vote in the election of any directors, or at any meeting of the board of directors, notice of which shall have referred to the proposed action, by the vote of a majority of the entire board of directors.