# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001023459
**File Stem:** 0001023459-26-000006
**Filing Date:** 2026-1
**Character Count:** 130040
**Document Hash:** 19798ae043e2147705dbcffc40ef5ae2
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001023459-26-000006.hdr.sgml**: 20260109

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001023459-26-000006

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 64

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20251130

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260109

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260109

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Simulations Plus, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001023459
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SERVICES-COMPUTER INTEGRATED SYSTEMS DESIGN [7373]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 06 Technology
- **EIN:** 954595609
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 0831

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-32046
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26523125

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 800 PARK OFFICES DRIVE, SUITE 401
- **CITY:** RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
- **STATE:** NC
- **ZIP:** 27709
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 661-723-7723

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 800 PARK OFFICES DRIVE, SUITE 401
- **CITY:** RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
- **STATE:** NC
- **ZIP:** 27709

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** SIMULATIONS PLUS INC
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19960923

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? simu-20251130

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_7)</u>

**UNITED STATES** 

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, DC 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ⌧ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended November 30, 2025 |
| OR | OR |
| □ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from ______ to ______ |

---

Commission file number: **001-32046**

![SLP_TopLogo.gif](simu-20251130_g1.gif)

**Simulations Plus, Inc.**

(Name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **California** | **95-4595609** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |

---

**800 Park Offices Drive, Suite 401**

**Research Triangle Park, NC 27709**

(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)

**(661) 723-7723**

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Title of Each Class</u><br>**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | <u>Trading Symbol</u><br>SLP | <u>Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered</u><br>**NASDAQ Stock Market LLC** |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):

□ Large accelerated Filer □ Accelerated Filer

⌧ Non-accelerated Filer ⌧ Smaller reporting company

□ Emerging Growth Company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes □ No ⌧

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of December 31, 2025, was 20,146,585.

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_7)</u>

**Simulations Plus, Inc.**

**FORM 10-Q**

**For the Quarterly Period Ended November 30, 2025**

**Table of Contents**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **<u>[PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_139)</u>** | |
| | |<br>Page |
| [Item 1.](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_139) | [C](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_244)[ondensed Consolidated Financial Statements](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_244) |  |
|  | <u>[Unaudited C](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_16)[ondensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_16)[November 30](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_16)[, 2025 and August 31, 202](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_16)[5](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_16)</u> | [3](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_16) |
|  | <u>[Unaudited](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_19)[C](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_19)[ondensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_19)[Income for the three months](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_19)[ended](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_19)[November 30](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_19)[, 2025](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_19)[and](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_19)[November 30, 2024](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_19)</u> | [4](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_19) |
|  | <u>[Unaudited](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_22)[C](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_22)[ondensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_22)[months](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_22)[ended](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_22)[November 30, 2025](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_22)[and](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_22)[November 30,](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_22)[2024](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_22)</u> | [5](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_22) |
|  | <u>[Unaudited](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25)[C](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25)[ondensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25)[three](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25)[months ended](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25)[November 30](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25)[, 2025 and](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25)[Novem](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25)[ber 30,](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25)[2024](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25)</u> | [6](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_25) |
|  | <u>[Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_28)</u> | [7](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_28) |
| [Item 2.](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_70) | <u>[Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_70)</u> | [24](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_70) |
| [Item 3.](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_88) | <u>[Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_88)</u> | [31](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_88) |
| [Item 4.](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_91) | <u>[Controls and Procedures](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_91)</u> | [31](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_91) |
|  | **<u>[PART II. OTHER INFORMATION](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_94)</u>** |  |
| [Item 1.](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_97) | <u>[Legal Proceedings](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_97)</u> | [31](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_97) |
| [Item 1A](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_100). | <u>[Risk Factors](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_100)</u> | [32](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_100) |
| [Item 2.](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_103) | <u>[Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_103)</u> | [32](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_103) |
| [Item 3.](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_106) | <u>[Defaults upon Senior Securities](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_106)</u> | [32](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_106) |
| [Item 4.](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_109) | <u>[Mine Safety Disclosures](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_109)</u> | [32](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_109) |
| [Item 5.](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_115) | <u>[Other Information](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_112)</u> | [32](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_112) |
| [Item 6.](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_118) | <u>[Exhibits](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_118)</u> | [33](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_118) |
|  | <u>[Signatures](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_121)</u> | [34](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_121) |

---

**<u>PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION</u>**

Item 1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_7)</u>

**SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

(Unaudited)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands, except per common share and common share data) | **November 30, 2025** | **August 31, 2025** |
| **ASSETS** |  |  |
| **Current assets** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $30189 | $30853 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $93 and $187 | 12154 | 9717 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid income taxes | 1745 | 1777 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 8552 | 7702 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term investments | 5500 | 1500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current assets | 58140 | 51549 |
| **Long-term assets** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Capitalized computer software development costs, net of accumulated amortization of $22,604 and $21,863 | 11290 | 11117 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Property and equipment, net | 793 | 880 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease right-of-use assets | 390 | 407 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Intellectual property, net of accumulated amortization of $9,287 and $9,021 | 5931 | 6197 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $4,651 and $4,399 | 11580 | 11896 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill | 43717 | 43717 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred tax assets, net | 4606 | 4774 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other assets | 1384 | 1399 |
| **Total assets** | $**137831** | $**131936** |
| **LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** |  |  |
| **Current liabilities** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | $863 | $470 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued compensation | 2657 | 2010 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses | 922 | 1343 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liability - current portion | 179 | 206 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue | 5719 | 2696 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current liabilities | 10340 | 6725 |
| **Long-term liabilities** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liability - net of current portion | 378 | 410 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities | 10718 | 7135 |
| Commitments and contingencies - Note 4 |  |  |
| Shareholders' equity |  |  |
| Preferred stock, $0.001 par value — 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized, 20,146,585 and 20,137,480 shares issued and outstanding as of November 30, 2025 and August 31, 2025 | 20 | 20 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in capital | 161058 | 159416 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated deficit | (33688) | (34364) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (277) | (271) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total shareholders' equity | 127113 | 124801 |
| **Total liabilities and shareholders' equity** | $**137831** | **131936** |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_7)</u>

**SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME**

(Unaudited)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|<br>(in thousands, except per common share and common share data) | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2024** |
| **Revenues** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Software | $8883 | $10715 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 9538 | 8209 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total revenues** | 18421 | 18924 |
| **Cost of revenues** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Software | 1412 | 2638 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 6118 | 6068 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total cost of revenues** | 7530 | 8706 |
| **Gross profit** | 10891 | 10218 |
| **Operating expenses** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 2980 | 1848 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 3179 | 2851 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 4019 | 5393 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 10178 | 10092 |
| **Income from operations** | 713 | 126 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income, net | 257 | 144 |
| **Income before income taxes** | 970 | 270 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax expense | (294) | (64) |
| **Net income** | $**676** | $**206** |
| **Earnings per share** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $0.03 | $0.01 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $0.03 | $0.01 |
| **Weighted-average common shares outstanding** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 20140 | 20068 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 20220 | 20266 |
| **Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign currency translation adjustments | (6) | (42) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities |  | 4 |
| **Comprehensive income** | $670 | $168 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_7)</u>

**SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY**

(Unaudited)

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands, except common share data) | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | **Additional Paid-In Capital** | **Accumulated Deficit** | **Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss** | **Total Stockholders' Equity** |
|  | Shares | Amount | Amount | Amount | Amount | Amount |
| **Balance as of September 1, 2025** | **20137480** | $**20** | $**159416** | $**(34364)** | $**(271)** | $**124801** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise of stock options | 250 |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation |  |  | 1490 |  |  | 1490 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued to Directors for services | 8855 |  | 150 |  |  | 150 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income |  |  |  | 676 |  | 676 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  | (6) | (6) |
| **Balance as of November 30, 2025** | **20146585** | $**20** | $**161058** | $**(33688)** | $**(277)** | $**127113** |

---

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands, except common share data) | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | **Additional Paid-In Capital** | **Retained Earnings** | **Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss** | **Total Stockholders' Equity** |
|  | Shares | Amount | Amount | Amount | Amount | Amount |
| **Balance as of September 1, 2024** | **20051134** | $**20** | $**152308** | $**30354** | $**(251)** | $**182431** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise of stock options | 28920 |  | 288 |  |  | 288 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation |  |  | 1673 |  |  | 1673 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued to Directors for services | 4960 |  | 135 |  |  | 135 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income |  |  |  | 206 |  | 206 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  | (38) | (38) |
| **Balance as of November 30, 2024** | **20085014** | $**20** | $**154404** | $**30560** | $**(289)** | $**184695** |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_7)</u>

**SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS**

(Unaudited)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|<br>(in thousands) | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2024** |
| **Cash flows from operating activities** |  |  |
| Net income | $676 | $206 |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 1346 | 2265 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of investment discounts |  | (39) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 1615 | 1724 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred income taxes | 168 | 40 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss from disposal of assets | 75 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities |  | 4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Currency translation adjustments | (6) | (42) |
| **(Increase) decrease in** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | (2437) | (3668) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid income taxes | 32 | (130) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other assets | (835) | 708 |
| **Increase (decrease) in** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | 393 | 518 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other liabilities | 184 | (4095) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue | 3023 | 1235 |
| **Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities** | **4234** | **(1274)** |
| **Cash flows from investing activities** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of property and equipment |  | (86) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of short-term investments | (5500) | (3500) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments | 1500 | 1500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchased intangibles | (11) | (186) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net working capital & excess cash settlement - Pro-ficiency acquisition |  | (227) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Capitalized computer software development costs | (889) | (639) |
| **Net cash used in investing activities** | **(4900)** | **(3138)** |
| **Cash flows from financing activities** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from the exercise of stock options | 2 | 288 |
| **Net cash provided by financing activities** | **2** | **288** |
| **Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents** | (664) | (4124) |
| **Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period** | $30853 | $10311 |
| **Cash and cash equivalents, end of period** | $**30189** | $**6187** |
| **Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income taxes paid | $144 | $112 |
| **Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right of use assets capitalized | $— | $451 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_7)</u>

**Simulations Plus, Inc.**

**Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements**

**For the three months ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024**

**NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS**

Simulations Plus, Inc. (the "Company", "we", "our") was incorporated in California on July 17, 1996. The Company is a global leader and premier provider in the biopharma sector, offering advanced software and consulting services that enhance drug discovery and development, clinical trial operations, and commercialization. The Company supports its clients across the drug development lifecycle from the early discovery through all phases of clinical research and development ("R&D"), including clinical operations, to product commercialization. The Company serves clients as a strategic partner throughout the entire drug development lifecycle, offering solutions that integrate scientific software platforms, artificial intelligence-augmented insights, and expert consulting. This optimizes efficiency, costs, and time-to-market for our clients and enhances our competitive position.

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#id8fbf7a25c59450fb196a598fd4dc4cf_7)</u>

**NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**

<u>Principles of Consolidation</u>

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

<u>Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates</u>

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include, among other estimates, assumptions used in the allocation of the transaction price to separate performance obligations, estimates towards the measure of progress of completion on fixed-price service contracts, the determination of fair values and useful lives of both long-lived assets and intangible assets, goodwill, allowance for credit losses for accounts receivable, recoverability of deferred tax assets, recognition of deferred revenue, determination of fair value of equity-based awards, and assumptions used in testing for impairment of long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). These rules and regulations permit some of the information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements, prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, to be condensed or omitted. In management's opinion, the unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations and financial position of the Company for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the interim period ended November 30, 2025, and 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, and the notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.

<u>Revenue Recognition</u>

We generate revenue primarily from the sale of software licenses and by providing consulting services to the pharmaceutical industry for drug development and commercialization.

In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, we determine revenue recognition through the following steps:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i.Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii.Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iii.Determination of the transaction price

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iv.Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;v.Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation

*Components of Revenue*

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates revenue. As part of the accounting for these arrangements, the Company must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the standalone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract. Standalone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells its services or goods.

<u>Software Revenues:</u>

Software revenues are primarily derived from the sale of software licenses, which are recognized at the time the software is unlocked and the license term begins. Most licenses are for a duration of one year or less.

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In addition to the software license, we provide a minimal level of customer support to assist customers with software usage. If customers require more extensive support, they may enter into a separate agreement for additional training services and maintenance.

The majority of the software is installed on customers' servers, and the Company does not maintain control over the software post-sale, except through licensing parameters that govern the number of users, accessible modules, and license expiration dates.

The Pro-ficiency platform includes software customization by incorporating content tailored to specific needs. Following customization, it generates a recurring revenue stream throughout the duration of a clinical trial. Revenue is recognized over time.

Payments are generally due upon invoicing on a net-30 basis, unless alternative payment terms are negotiated with the customer based on their payment history. Standard industry practices apply.

For certain software arrangements, the Company hosts the licenses on servers maintained by the Company. Revenue for those arrangements is accounted as Software as a Service over the life of the contract. These arrangements account for less than 10% of software revenues of the Company.

<u>Services Revenue:</u>

Consulting services provided to our customers are generally recognized over time as the contracts are performed and the services are rendered. The Company measures its consulting revenue based on time expended compared to total estimated hours to complete a project. The Company believes the method chosen for its contract revenue best depicts the transfer of benefits to the customer under the contracts. Payments are generally due upon invoicing on a net-30 basis, unless other payment terms are negotiated with the customer based on customer history. Typical industry standards apply.

<u>Grant revenue:</u>

The Company receives government awards in the form of cash grants that vary in size, duration, and conditions from domestic governmental agencies. Accounting for grant revenue does not fall under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. For government awards in which no specific US GAAP applies, the Company accounts for such transactions as revenue and by analogy to a grant model. The grant revenue is recognized on a gross basis. The grant revenue is recognized over the duration of the program when the conditions attached to the grant are achieved. If conditions are not satisfied, the grants are often subject to reduction, repayment, or termination. The Company classifies the impact of government assistance on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as services revenue.

The Company received assistance from domestic governmental agencies to provide reimbursement for various costs incurred for research and development. These include direct grant awards and subawards. The grants awarded are currently set to expire at various dates through 2026. The Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively within Services revenues on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income related to such assistance. Amounts that have been earned but not yet funded are included in accounts receivable. Computer equipment allowable by the grants is classified under fixed assets. Subawards due to unrelated entities are classified under accrued expenses.

*Remaining Performance Obligations*

As of November 30, 2025, remaining performance obligations were $15.2 million; 97% of the remaining performance obligations are expected to be recognized over the next twelve months, with the remainder expected to be recognized thereafter.

*Disaggregation of Revenues*

The components of revenue for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively, were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|<br>(in thousands) | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2024** |
| ***Software licenses*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Point in time | $8258 | $10119 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Over time | 625 | 596 |
| ***Services*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Over time | 9538 | 8209 |
| **Total revenues** | $18421 | $18924 |

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*Contract Balances*

Contract assets excluding accounts receivable balances as of November 30, 2025, and August 31, 2025, were $6.2 million and $4.9 million, respectively. This balance is included in Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

During the three months ended November 30, 2025, the Company recognized $1.7 million of revenue, that was included in contract liabilities as of August 31, 2025, and during the three months ended November 30, 2024, the Company recognized $1.5 million of revenue that was included in contract liabilities as of August 31, 2024.

*Deferred Commissions*

Sales commissions earned by our sales force and our commissioned sales representatives are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. We apply the practical expedient as described in ASC 340-40-25-4 to expense costs as incurred for sales commissions, since the amortization period of the asset that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. This expense is included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as sales and marketing expense.

<u>Cash and Cash Equivalents</u>

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

<u>Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses</u>

The Company extends credit to its customers in the normal course of business. The Company evaluates its allowance for credit losses based on its estimate of the collectability of its trade accounts receivable. As part of this assessment, the Company considers various factors including the financial condition of the individual companies with which it does business, the aging of receivable balances, historical experience, changes in customer payment terms, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. In times of economic turmoil, the Company's estimates and judgments with respect to the collectability of its receivables are subject to greater uncertainty than in more stable periods. Accounts receivable balances will be charged off against the allowance for credit losses after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

The activity in the allowance for credit losses related to our accounts receivable is summarized as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|<br>(in thousands) | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2024** |
| Balance, beginning of period | $187 | $149 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Provision for credit losses | (94) | 4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Write-offs |  | (8) |
| Balance, end of period | $93 | $145 |

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<u>Investments</u>

The Company may invest excess cash balances in short-term and long-term marketable debt securities. Investments may consist of certificates of deposit, money market accounts, government-sponsored enterprise securities, corporate bonds, and/or commercial paper within the parameters of our investment policy and guidelines. The Company accounts for its investments in marketable debt securities in accordance with ASC 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities. This statement requires debt securities to be classified into three categories:

Held-to-maturity—Debt securities that the entity has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are measured at amortized cost and are presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Any change in the allowance for credit losses during the period is reflected in earnings. Discounts and premiums to par value of the debt securities are amortized to interest income/expense over the term of the security.

Trading Securities—Debt securities that are bought and held primarily for the purpose of selling in the near term are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.

Available-for-Sale ("AFS")—Debt securities not classified as either securities held-to-maturity or trading securities are reported at fair value. For AFS debt securities in an unrealized-loss position, we evaluate as of the balance sheet date whether the unrealized losses are attributable to a credit loss or other factors. The portion of unrealized losses related to a credit loss is recognized in earnings, and the portion of unrealized loss not related to a credit loss is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). For AFS debt securities, the unrealized gains and losses are included in other comprehensive income until realized, at which time they are reported through net income.

We classify our investments in marketable debt securities based on the facts and circumstances present at the time of purchase of the securities. We reassess the appropriateness of that classification at each reporting date. During the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, we had no AFS debt investments.

<u>Research & Development ("R&D") Capitalized Software Development Costs</u>

R&D activities include both enhancement of existing products and development of new products. Development of new products and adding functionality to existing products are capitalized in accordance with FASB ASC 985-20, "Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed." R&D expenditures, which primarily relate to both capitalized and expensed salaries, R&D supplies, and R&D consulting, were $3.9 million during the three months ended November 30, 2025, of which $0.9 million were capitalized. R&D expenditures during the three months ended November 30, 2024, were $2.6 million of which $0.7 million were capitalized.

Software development costs are capitalized in accordance with ASC 985-20. Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and is discontinued when the product is available for sale.

The establishment of technological feasibility and the ongoing assessment for recoverability of capitalized software development costs require considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors including, but not limited to, technological feasibility, anticipated future gross revenue, estimated economic life, and changes in software and hardware technologies. Capitalized software development costs are comprised primarily of salaries and direct payroll-related costs and the purchase of existing software to be used in our software products.

Amortization of capitalized software development costs is calculated on a product-by-product basis on the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the products (not to exceed five years). Amortization of software development costs amounted to $0.7 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively. We expect future amortization expense to vary due to increases in capitalized computer software development costs.

The Company assesses capitalized computer software development costs for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

No impairment losses were recorded during the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively.

<u>Property and Equipment</u>

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Property and equipment are recorded at cost, or fair market value for property and equipment acquired in business combinations, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Equipment | 5 years |
| Computer equipment | 3 to 7 years |
| Furniture and fixtures | 5 to 7 years |
| Leasehold improvements | Shorter of the asset life or lease term |

---

Maintenance and minor replacements are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses on disposals are included in the results of operations.

Depreciation expense for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, was $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

<u>Internal use Software</u>

We have capitalized certain internal use software costs in accordance with ASC 350-40, which are included in intangible assets. The amortization of such costs is classified as general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Maintenance of and minor upgrades to internal use software are also classified as general and administrative expenses as incurred.

<u>Intangible Assets, Goodwill and Impairments</u>

We perform valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on each acquisition accounted for as a business combination and recognize the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair value. Acquired intangible assets include customer relationships, software, trade names, and noncompete agreements. We determine the appropriate useful life of intangible assets by performing an analysis of expected cash flows based on historical experience of the acquired businesses. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, which approximates the pattern in which the majority of the economic benefits are expected to be consumed. Finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of the acquired net assets. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment on the last day of the fiscal year or when events or circumstances change that would indicate that they might be impaired. Events or circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends, or significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is one level below or the same as an operating segment.

Below is a reconciliation of the changes in Goodwill carrying value per reportable segment for the three months ended November 30, 2025:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands) | **Software** | **Services** | **Total** |
| **Balance, August 31, 2025** | $21801 | $21916 | $43717 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Addition |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Impairments |  |  |  |
| **Balance, November 30, 2025** | $21801 | $21916 | $43717 |

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The following table summarizes other intangible assets as of November 30, 2025:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands) | **Amortization<br>Period** | **Gross Carrying Value** | **Accumulated<br>Amortization** | **Net Book Value** |
| Trade names | Indefinite | $6950 | $— | $6950 |
| Covenants not to compete | Straight line 2 to 3 years | 53 | 53 |  |
| Other internal use software | Straight line 3 to 13 years | 655 | 124 | 531 |
| Customer relationships | Straight line 8 to 14 years | 6668 | 3898 | 2768 |
| ERP | Straight line 15 years | 1907 | 576 | 1331 |
|  |  | $**16233** | $**4651** | $**11580** |

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The Company reviews indefinite-lived intangible assets, consisting of trade names in accordance with ASC 350 Intangibles - Goodwill and other, for impairment annually or when an event occurs that may indicate potential impairment.

The Company accounts for the impairment and disposition of long-lived assets in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for events or changes in circumstances that indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. The Company measures recoverability by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the expected future undiscounted net cash flows generated by the asset. If the Company determines that the asset may not be recoverable, or if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, it recognizes an impairment charge to the extent of the difference between the fair value and the asset's carrying amount.

The following table summarizes other intangible assets as of August 31, 2025:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands) | **Amortization<br>Period** | **Gross Carrying Value** | **Accumulated<br>Amortization** | **Net Book Value** |
| Trade names | Indefinite | $6950 | $— | $6950 |
| Covenants not to compete | Straight line 2 years to 3 years | 53 | 53 |  |
| Other internal use software | Straight line 3 years to 13 years | 718 | 110 | 608 |
| Customer relationships | Straight line 8 years to 14 years | 6667 | 3693 | 2974 |
| ERP | Straight line 15 years | 1907 | 543 | 1364 |
|  |  | $**16295** | $**4399** | $**11896** |

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Total amortization expense for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

The weighted-average amortization period for covenants not to compete is zero, other internal use software is 11.0 years, customer relationships is 7.4 years, and ERP is 11.1 years.

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Estimated future amortization of finite-lived intangible assets for the next five fiscal years are as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| (in thousands) |  |
| **Years Ending August 31,** | **Amount** |
| Remainder of 2026 | $723 |
| 2027 | $840 |
| 2028 | $693 |
| 2029 | $372 |
| 2030 | $372 |

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<u>Fair Value of Financial Instruments</u>

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. The categories are as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Level Input:** | **Input Definition:** |
| Level I | Inputs that are unadjusted, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date. |
| Level II | Inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level I, that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data at the measurement date. |
| Level III | Unobservable inputs that reflect management's best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. |

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For certain of the Company's financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued compensation and other accrued expenses, the carrying amounts are representative of their fair values due to their short maturities.

The Company may also invest excess cash in certificates of deposit, money market accounts, government-sponsored enterprise securities, and/or commercial paper. In addition, under the fair-value hierarchy, the fair market values of the Company's cash equivalents and investments are Level I. As of November 30, 2025, all investments were classified short-term investments and cash equivalents.

The following tables summarize our short-term investments and cash equivalents as of November 30, 2025, and August 31, 2025:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2025** |
|<br>(in thousands) | **Amortized cost** | **Unrealized gains** | **Unrealized losses** | **Fair value** |
| **Level 1:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Term deposits (due within one year) | $5500 | $— | $— | $5500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Money Market | 13294 |  |  | 13294 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Level 1 | 18794 |  |  | 18794 |
| **Level 2:** |  |  |  |  |
| **Level 3:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total securities | $18794 | $— | $— | $18794 |

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **August 31, 2025** | **August 31, 2025** | **August 31, 2025** | **August 31, 2025** |
|<br>(in thousands) | **Amortized cost** | **Unrealized gains** | **Unrealized losses** | **Fair value** |
| **Level 1:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Term deposits (due within one year) | $3500 | $— | $— | $3500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Money Market | 13159 |  |  | 13159 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Level 1 | 16659 |  |  | 16659 |
| **Level 2:** |  |  |  |  |
| **Level 3:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total securities | 16659 |  |  | 16659 |

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<u>Business Combination</u>

The acquisition method of accounting for business combinations requires us to use significant estimates and assumptions, including fair-value estimates, as of the business combination date and to refine those estimates as necessary during the measurement period (defined as the period, not to exceed one year, in which we may adjust the provisional amounts recognized for a business combination).

Under the acquisition method of accounting, we recognize separately from goodwill the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interests in an acquiree, generally at the acquisition-date fair value. We measure goodwill as of the acquisition date as the excess of consideration transferred, which we also measure at fair value, over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Costs that we incur to complete the business combination, such as investment banking, legal, and other professional fees, are not considered part of consideration, and we recognize such costs as general and administrative expenses as they are incurred. We also account for acquired-company restructuring activities that we initiate separately from the business combination.

Should the initial accounting for a business combination be incomplete by the end of a reporting period that falls within the measurement period, we report provisional amounts in our condensed consolidated financial statements. During the measurement period, we adjust the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date, and we record those adjustments to our financial statements. We apply those measurement-period adjustments that we determine to be material retrospectively to comparative information in our financial statements, including adjustments to depreciation and amortization expense.

Under the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations, if we identify changes to acquired deferred-tax asset valuation allowances or liabilities related to uncertain tax positions during the measurement period, and they relate to new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, those changes are considered a measurement-period adjustment and we record the offset to goodwill. We record all other changes to deferred-tax asset valuation allowances and liabilities related to uncertain tax positions in current-period income tax expense. This accounting applies to all our acquisitions regardless of acquisition date.

During the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, the Company recognized a mergers and acquisitions expense of zero and $0.3 million, respectively. The Company records mergers and acquisition expenses in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

<u>Research and Development Costs</u>

R&D costs are charged to expense as incurred until technological feasibility has been established. These costs include salaries and purchased software that was developed by other companies and incorporated into, or used in the development of, our final products.

<u>Income Taxes</u>

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the condensed consolidated financial statements or tax returns.

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Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The provision for income taxes represents the tax payable for the period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

<u>Intellectual property</u>

In June 2017, as part of the acquisition of DILIsym, the Company acquired certain developed technologies associated with drug-induced liver disease ("DILI"). These technologies were valued at $2.9 million and are being amortized over 9 years under the straight-line method.

In September 2018, we purchased certain intellectual property rights of Entelos Holding Company. The cost of $0.1 million is being amortized over 10 years under the straight-line method.

In April 2020, as part of the acquisition of Lixoft, the Company acquired certain developed technologies associated with the Lixoft scientific software. These technologies were valued at $8.0 million and are being amortized over 16 years under the straight-line method.

In June 2023, we purchased certain developed technology of Immunetrics. The cost of $1.1 million is being amortized over 5 years under the straight-line method.

In June 2024, we purchased certain developed technology of Pro-ficiency. The cost of $16.6 million is being amortized over 5 years under the straight-line method. This was subsequently impaired in May, 2025 for the remaining net book value.

The following table summarizes intellectual property as of November 30, 2025:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands) | **Amortization<br>Period** | **Gross Carrying Value** | **Accumulated<br>Amortization** | **Net Book <br>Value** |
| Developed technologies–DILIsym acquisition | Straight line 9 years | $2850 | $2690 | $160 |
| Intellectual rights of Entelos Holding Company | Straight line 10 years | 50 | 37 | 13 |
| Developed technologies–Lixoft acquisition | Straight line 16 years | 8010 | 2801 | 5209 |
| Developed technologies–Immunetrics acquisition | Straight line 5 years | 1080 | 531 | 549 |
| Developed technologies–Pro-ficiency acquisition | Straight line 5 years | 3228 | 3228 |  |
|  |  | $**15218** | $**9287** | $**5931** |

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The following table summarizes intellectual property as of August 31, 2025:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands) | **Amortization<br>Period** | **Gross Carrying Value** | **Accumulated<br>Amortization** | **Net Book <br>Value** |
| Developed technologies–DILIsym acquisition | Straight line 9 years | $2850 | $2610 | $240 |
| Intellectual rights of Entelos Holding Company | Straight line 10 years | 50 | 36 | 14 |
| Developed technologies–Lixoft acquisition | Straight line 16 years | 8010 | 2670 | 5340 |
| Developed technologies–Immunetrics acquisition | Straight line 5 years | 1080 | 477 | 603 |
| Developed technologies–Pro-ficiency acquisition | Straight line 5 years | 3228 | 3228 |  |
|  |  | $**15218** | $**9021** | $**6197** |

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Total amortization expense for intellectual property agreements was $0.3 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively. The Company records these in Cost of revenues - software on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

Estimated future amortization of intellectual property for the next five fiscal years are as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| (in thousands) |  |
| **Years Ending August 31,** | **Amount** |
| Remainder of 2026 | $718 |
| 2027 | $744 |
| 2028 | $699 |
| 2029 | $526 |
| 2030 | $524 |

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<u>Earnings per Share</u>

We report earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed similarly to basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. The components of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|<br>(in thousands) | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2024** |
| Numerator |  |  |
| Net income attributable to common shareholders | $**676** | $**206** |
| Denominator |  |  |
| Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period | 20140 | 20068 |
| Dilutive effect of stock options | 80 | 198 |
| Common stock and common-stock equivalents used for diluted earnings per share | **20220** | **20266** |

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<u>Stock-Based Compensation</u>

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Compensation costs related to stock options are determined in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. Compensation cost is calculated based on the grant-date fair value estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Stock-based compensation costs related to stock options, not including shares issued to directors for services, was $1.5 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively.

For the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, 190,748 and zero shares, respectively, were not considered in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because their inclusion would result in an anti-dilutive effect on per-share amounts.

<u>Recently Issued Accounting Standards</u>

In October 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-06 - Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative ("ASU 2023-06"). ASU 2023-06 incorporates 14 of the 27 disclosure requirements published in SEC Release No. 33-10532 - Disclosure Update and Simplification into various topics within the ASC. ASU 2023-06's amendments represent clarifications to, or technical corrections of, current requirements. For SEC registrants, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company does not expect ASU 2023-06 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements as the updates are incremental to existing disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued a new standard (ASU 2023-09) to improve income tax disclosures. The guidance requires disclosure of disaggregated income taxes paid, prescribes standardized categories for the components of the effective tax rate reconciliation, and modifies other income-tax-related disclosures. The amendments will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company does not expect ASU 2023-09 to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements as the additional incremental disclosures information is available to the Company.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, "Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40)" which eliminates all references to project stages and requires capitalization of software costs when: (i) management authorizes and commits to funding the software project, and (ii) it is probable the software project will be completed and used as intended, known as the "probable-to-completion recognition threshold." Entities must consider whether there is significant uncertainty associated with the development activities of the software in determining if the threshold is met. In addition, the amendments in the update specify that property, plant and equipment disclosure requirements are required for capitalized internal-use software costs, regardless of financial statement presentation and also incorporate the recognition requirements for website-specific development costs. This ASU will be effective for the Company for our fiscal year 2029 annual reporting period with the guidance applied either prospectively, retrospectively, or via a modified prospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on our interim and consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832), to provide guidance on how business entities should recognize, measure, and present government grants received. The effective date for this standard is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2028, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU may be applied using a modified prospective, modified retrospective, or retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this ASU will have on our interim and consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11 to amend the guidance in "Interim Reporting" (Topic 270). The update provides clarifications intended to improve the consistency and usability of interim disclosure requirements, including a comprehensive listing of required interim disclosures and a new disclosure principle for reporting material events occurring after the most recent annual period. The amendments do not change the underlying objectives of interim reporting but are designed to enhance clarity in application. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company will adopt this guidance in fiscal 2029 and has not yet determined the impact on its consolidated financial statements.

<u>Recently Adopted Accounting Standards</u>

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In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires companies to enhance the disclosures about segment expenses. The new standard requires the disclosure of the Company's Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), expanded incremental line-item disclosures of significant segment expenses used by the CODM for decision-making, and the inclusion of previous annual-only segment disclosure requirements on a quarterly basis. This ASU should be applied retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance for annual disclosures for the year ended August 31, 2025, and interim periods thereafter. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

**NOTE 3 – OTHER INCOME**

The components of other income for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|<br>(in thousands) | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2024** |
| Interest income | $267 | $159 |
| Gain (loss) on currency exchange | (10) | (15) |
| **Total other income** | $**257** | $**144** |

---

**NOTE 4 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES**

<u>Income Taxes</u>

We follow guidance issued by the FASB regarding our accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements. Such guidance prescribes a recognition threshold of more-likely-than-not and a measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. In making this assessment, a company must determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination, based solely on the technical merits of the position, and must assume that the tax position will be examined by taxing authorities. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to income tax expense. We file income tax returns with the IRS and various state jurisdictions as well as with the countries of France and India. Our federal income tax returns for fiscal years 2022 through 2025 are open for audit, and our state tax returns for fiscal years 2019 through 2024 remain open for audit.

Our review of prior-year tax positions using the criteria and provisions presented in guidance issued by FASB did not result in a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

We recorded an income tax expense of $0.3 million related to income before taxes of $1.0 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025. We recorded an income tax expense of $0.1 million related to income before taxes of $0.3 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. The income tax rate for the three months ended November 30, 2025, was 30.3%. The income tax rate for the three months ended November 30, 2024, was 23.7%. The increase in the tax rate was primarily the result of a favorable discrete item in the prior year that did not recur in the current year.

<u>Litigation</u>

We are not a party to any legal proceedings and are not aware of any pending or threatened legal proceedings of any kind.

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**NOTE 5 – SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY**

<u>Shares Outstanding</u>

Shares of Company's common stock outstanding for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|<br>(in thousands) | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2024** |
| Common stock outstanding, beginning of period | 20137 | 20051 |
| Common stock issued during the period | 9 | 34 |
| **Common stock outstanding, end of period** | **20146** | **20085** |

---

**NOTE 6 – STOCK OWNERSHIP PLANS**

The following table summarizes information about stock options:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands, except per share and weighted-average amounts) |  |  |  |
| **Activity for the three months ended November 30, 2025** | **Number of<br>Options** | **Weighted-Average<br>Exercise Price <br>Per Share** | **Weighted-Average<br>Remaining<br>Contractual Life** |
| Outstanding, August 31, 2025 | 1924 | $36.98 | 6.52 years |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 692 | 16.02 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Canceled/Forfeited | (47) | 39.66 |  |
| Outstanding, November 30, 2025 | 2569 | $31.29 | 7.23 years |
| Vested and Exercisable, November 30, 2025 | 1188 | $36.11 | 5.22 years |
| Vested and Expected to Vest, November 30, 2025 | 2390 | $31.93 | 7.06 years |

---

The total grant-date fair value of nonvested stock options as of November 30, 2025, was $19.0 million and is amortizable over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.

The fair value of these options was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes option-valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of stock options, which do not have vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option-valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the options, including both ISOs and NQSOs, granted during the three months ended November 30, 2025, and for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands, except weighted-average amounts) | **Three Months Ended November 30, 2025** | **Fiscal Year 2025** |
| Estimated fair value of awards granted | $6187 | $6597 |
| Unvested forfeiture rate | 6.94% | 6.29% |
| Weighted-average grant price | $16.02 | $32.01 |
| Weighted-average market price | $16.02 | $32.01 |
| Weighted-average volatility | 52.29% | 47.03% |
| Weighted-average risk-free rate | 3.67% | 3.95% |
| Weighted-average dividend yield | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Weighted-average expected life | 6.60 years | 6.61 years |

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The exercise prices for the options outstanding at November 30, 2025, ranged from $6.85 to $66.14 per share, and the information relating to these options is as follows:

(in thousands except prices and weighted-average amounts)

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Exercise Price Per Share** | **Exercise Price Per Share** | **Awards Outstanding** | **Awards Outstanding** | **Awards Outstanding** | **Awards Exercisable** | **Awards Exercisable** | **Awards Exercisable** |
| **Low** | **High** | **Quantity** | **Weighted - Average<br>Remaining<br>Contractual<br>Life** | **Weighted-Average<br>Exercise<br>Price** | **Quantity** | **Weighted-Average<br>Remaining<br>Contractual <br>Life** | **Weighted-Average<br>Exercise<br>Price** |
| $6.85 | $9.77 | 89 | 0.24 years | $9.71 | 89 | 0.24 years | $9.71 |
| $9.78 | $18.76 | 828 | 8.62 years | $15.18 | 120 | 1.24 years | $10.08 |
| $18.77 | $33.40 | 454 | 7.28 years | $30.75 | 203 | 5.26 years | $28.48 |
| $33.41 | $47.63 | 964 | 7.09 years | $41.35 | 586 | 6.79 years | $41.30 |
| $47.64 | $66.14 | 234 | 5.41 years | $56.24 | 190 | 5.20 years | $57.12 |
|  |  | 2569 | 7.23 years | $31.29 | 1188 | 5.22 years | $36.11 |

---

During the three months ended November 30, 2025, we issued 8,855 shares of stock valued at $0.2 million to our nonmanagement directors as compensation for board-related duties. During the three months ended November 30, 2024, we issued 4,960 shares of stock valued at $0.1 million to our nonmanagement directors as compensation for board-related duties.

**NOTE 7 – CONCENTRATIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES**

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, and short-term investments. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents with balances that exceed FDIC-insured limits. Cash maintained in excess of these limits is on deposit with a large, national bank. Accordingly, the Company does not have depository exposure to regional banks. In addition, the Company holds cash at a bank in France that is not FDIC-insured. Historically, the Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts, and management believes that the financial institutions at which its cash is held are stable; however, no assurances can be provided.

Revenue concentration shows that international sales accounted for 27% and 24% of revenue for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively. Our three largest customers in terms of revenue accounted for 11%, 4%, and 3% of total revenues, respectively, for the three months ended November 30, 2025. Our three largest customers in terms of revenue accounted for 7%, 6%, and 5% of total revenues, respectively, for the three months ended November 30, 2024.

Accounts-receivable concentrations show that our three largest customers in terms of accounts receivable each comprised between 6% and 7% of accounts receivable as of November 30, 2025; our three largest customers in terms of accounts receivable comprised between 4% and 14% of accounts receivable as of November 30, 2024.

We operate in biosimulation, simulation-enabled performance and intelligence solutions, and medical communications to the biopharma industry, which is highly competitive and changes rapidly. Our operating results could be significantly affected by our ability to develop new products and find new distribution channels for new and existing products.

**NOTE 8 – SEGMENT REPORTING**

The Company applies ASC 280, Segment Reporting, in determining reportable segments. We define our reportable segments based on the way the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), which is our Chief Executive Officer, manages the operations for purposes of allocating resources and assessing segment performance. Our reportable segments include the following:

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Software: Supports pharmaceutical research, development, and commercialization through simulation, modeling, and AI-driven prediction. Its main products include GastroPlus®, ADMET Predictor®, MonolixSuite™, and others for disease modeling and training, as well as Pro-ficiency® for clinical operations. The company also advances partnerships with institutions like the FDA, NIEHS, PAS, and SACF to drive innovation in virtual drug testing, chemical safety, and AI-enabled discovery.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Services: Advanced consulting services across the entire drug development lifecycle. Its scientists and engineers specialize in drug discovery, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug modeling, clinical trial data analysis, regulatory strategy, and medical communications.

The CODM reviews revenue and gross profit to evaluate current-period performance versus budget and prior periods at each reportable segment and assesses management performance for purposes of annual incentive compensation. Gross profit is defined as revenue less cost of revenue incurred by the segment.

No operating segments have been aggregated to form the reportable segments. The Company does not allocate assets at the reportable segment level, as these are managed on an entity-wide group basis and, accordingly, the Company does not report asset information by segment. The Company does not allocate operating expenses (R&D, S&M, and G&A) that are managed on an entity-wide group basis and, accordingly, the Company does not allocate and report operating expenses at a segment level. There are no intersegment revenue transactions between the Company's segments. Other segment items for each segment primarily include depreciation, income tax expense, and other income not reviewed by the CODM at the segment level. These are not allocated to segments and are presented below segment gross profit.

There are no differences in measurement between the segment profit measure used by CODM and condensed consolidated income before income taxes. The following schedule reconciles the total of reportable segments' gross profit and significant expenses to consolidated income before income taxes for the three months ended November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, respectively.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended November 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended November 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended November 30, 2025** |
| (in thousands) | **Software** | **Services** | **Total** |
| **Revenue** | $8883 | $9538 | $18421 |
| Less: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of revenue (1) | 1412 | 6118 | 7530 |
| **Gross Profit** | 7471 | 3420 | 10891 |
| **Gross Margin** | 84% | 36% | 59% |
| Less: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Research and Development |  |  | 2980 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and Marketing |  |  | 3179 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative (2) |  |  | 4019 |
| **Income from operations** |  |  | 713 |
| Add: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income and other, net |  |  | 267 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Income (loss) on currency exchange |  |  | (10) |
| **Income before income taxes** |  |  | $970 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Cost of revenue includes $1.0 million of amortization within our Software reportable segment.

<sup>(2)</sup> General and administrative includes $0.1 million of depreciation and $0.3 million of amortization, respectively.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended November 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended November 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended November 30, 2024** |
| (in thousands) | **Software** | **Services** | **Total** |
| **Revenue** | $10715 | $8209 | $18924 |
| Less: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of revenue (1) | 2638 | 6068 | 8706 |
| **Gross Profit** | 8077 | 2141 | 10218 |
| **Gross Margin** | 75% | 26% | 54% |
| Less: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Research and Development |  |  | 1848 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and Marketing |  |  | 2851 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative (2) |  |  | 5393 |
| Income from operations |  |  | 126 |
| **Add:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income and other, net |  |  | 159 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Income (loss) on currency exchange |  |  | (15) |
| **Income before income taxes** |  |  | $270 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Cost of revenue includes $1.9 million of amortization within our Software reportable segment.

<sup>(2)</sup> General and administrative includes $0.1 million of depreciation and $0.3 million of amortization, respectively.

Revenue by lifecycle solution area and offering type (Software and Services):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the three months ended** | **For the three months ended** | **For the three months ended** | **For the three months ended** |
| (in thousands) | **November 30, 2025** | **% of total** | **November 30, 2024** | **% of total** |
| Discovery | $1322 | 15% | $1284 | 12% |
| Development | 7231 | 82% | 7678 | 71% |
| Clinical Operations | 300 | 3% | 1685 | 16% |
| Commercialization | 30 | —% | 68 | 1% |
| **Total Software** | 8883 | 100% | 10715 | 100% |
| Discovery | 35 | —% | 21 | —% |
| Development | 6741 | 71% | 6243 | 76% |
| Commercialization | 2762 | 29% | 1945 | 24% |
| **Total Services** | 9538 | 100% | 8209 | 100% |
| **Total** | $18421 | 100% | $18924 | 100% |

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The Company allocates revenues to geographic areas based on the locations of its customers. Geographical revenues for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands) | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|  | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2024** |
|  | $**% of total** | $**% of total** |
| Americas | 73% | 76% |
| EMEA | 17% | 14% |
| Asia Pacific | 10% | 10% |
| **Total** | **100%** | **100%** |

---

*\*Percentages may not add due to rounding*

As of November 30, 2025 and November 30, 2024, substantially all of the Company's long-lived assets were located in the United States; long-lived assets located in any individual foreign country were not material.

**NOTE 9 – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN**

We maintain a 401(k) Plan for eligible employees. We make matching contributions equal to 100% of the employee's elective deferral, not to exceed 4% of the employee's gross salary. We contributed $0.2 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively.

**NOTE 10 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS**

Effective December 22, 2025, Dr. Lisa LaVange resigned from her position as a Director of the Board and Chair of the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee. Dr. LaVange's resignation was not a result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to its operations, policies or practices.

On December 20, 2025, Dr. Daniel Weiner notified the Company of his intention resign from the Company's Board of Directors effective as of December 31, 2025. His resignation was not a result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to its operation, policies, or practices. He withdrew his resignation from the Board and the committees on which he serves on December 22, 2025, effective immediately. Accordingly, Dr. Weiner will continue to serve as Chair of the Board and as a member of both the Compensation Committee and the Audit Committee.

**ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS**

**Executive Overview**

Our clients face many challenges. Developing new therapies is time-consuming and expensive, requiring an average of 10-15 years and an average cost of approximately $2.2 billion to develop a single drug. Drug sponsors must prioritize not only efficacy and safety of the drug, but also issues like drug-drug interactions, inclusion of patients representative of the indicated population, regulatory approvals, minimization of animal testing, safety and compliance during clinical trials, and commercial success. Our clients face many macro-economic issues including the current attention on global drug pricing resulting in temporary reduction in R&D spending on the part of pharmaceutical and biotech companies.

Our MIDD software and services allow clients to use modeling and simulation to accelerate drug development, reduce the costs of R&D, comply with regulatory guidance and best practices, and increase confidence in the safety and efficacy of their drugs and biologics. Our adaptive learning solutions support the success of clinical trials by accelerating recruitment of an appropriate patient population, increasing retention of participants, and by driving competency and compliance with trial protocols, while our medical communications solutions provide support in obtaining regulatory approval and commercialization of drugs.

The Company is headquartered in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and has a European office in Paris, France. The Company has a remote work culture that supports employee work-life balance and minimizes its carbon footprint.

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**Forward-Looking Statements**

This document and the documents incorporated in this document by reference contain forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this document and the materials accompanying this document are forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of our management, as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to our management. Frequently, but not always, forward-looking statements are identified by the use of the future tense and by words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "will," "may," "could," "would," "projects," "continues," "estimates," or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results could differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our or our industry's actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

Among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements are the risks and uncertainties described under "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on December 1, 2025, and elsewhere in this document and in our other filings with the SEC.

Forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. The forward-looking statements included in this document are made as of the date of this document and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect new information, subsequent events, or otherwise.

Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.

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**Results of Operations** 

***<u>Comparison of Three Months Ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024</u>***

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| (in thousands) | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **% of Revenue** | **% of Revenue** |  |  |
|  | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2024** | **November 30, 2025** | **November 30, 2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Software | $8883 | $10715 | 48% | 57% | $(1832) | -17% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 9538 | 8209 | 52% | 43% | 1329 | 16% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenues | 18421 | 18924 | 100% | 100% | (503) | -3% |
| Cost of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Software | 1412 | 2638 | 8% | 14% | (1226) | -46% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Services | 6118 | 6068 | 33% | 32% | 50 | 1% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total cost of revenues | 7530 | 8706 | 41% | 46% | (1176) | -14% |
| Gross profit | 10891 | 10218 | 59% | 54% | 673 | 7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 2980 | 1848 | 16% | 10% | 1132 | 61% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 3179 | 2851 | 17% | 15% | 328 | 12% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 4019 | 5393 | 22% | 28% | (1374) | -25% |
| Total operating expenses | 10178 | 10092 | 55% | 53% | 86 | 1% |
| Income from operations | 713 | 126 | 4% | 1% | 587 | 466% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other income, net | 257 | 144 | 1% | 1% | 113 | 78% |
| Income before income taxes | 970 | 270 | 5% | 1% | 700 | 259% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax expense | (294) | (64) | -2% | 0% | (230) | -359% |
| Net income | $676 | $206 | 4% | 1% | $470 | 228% |

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*<u>Revenues</u>*

Revenues decreased by $0.5 million, or 3%, to $18.4 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to $18.9 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. This decrease is primarily due to a $1.8 million, or 17% decrease, in software-related revenue and a $1.3 million, or 16%, increase in service-related revenue when compared to the three months ended November 30, 2024. The software-related revenue decrease of $1.8 million, or 17%, compared to the three months ended November 30, 2024, was primarily due to a $1.4 million decline in revenue from Clinical Operations and a $0.4 million decline in revenue from Development. The service-related revenue increase of $1.3 million, or 16%, compared to the three months ended November 30, 2024, was primarily due to organic revenue growth of $0.8 million from Commercialization and $0.5 million from Development.

*<u>Cost of revenues</u>*

Cost of revenues decreased by $1.2 million, or 14%, for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended November 30, 2024. This decrease is primarily due to a $1.2 million, or 46%, decrease in software-related cost and a $0.1 million, or 1%, decrease in service-related costs. The decrease reflects lower software-related costs, partially offset by higher services-related costs, consistent with the period's revenue mix and delivery activity.

The software-related costs decrease of $1.2 million, or 46%, compared to the three months ended November 30, 2024, was primarily due to less amortization of $0.8 million as a result the of Pro-ficiency developed technology being impaired in the third quarter of fiscal year 2025 and lower capitalized software amortization costs of $0.1 million.

The service-related costs decreased $0.1 million, or 1%, compared to the three months ended November 30, 2024, was primarily due to a $0.3 million reclassification of certain costs from general, and administrative ("G&A") to cost of revenues to better align expenses with service delivery, and higher pass-through costs billed to a customer of $0.7 million associated with specific client engagements. These increases were partially offset by lower compensation-related costs as a result of the approximately 11% headcount reduction implemented in the third quarter of fiscal year 2025.

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*<u>Gross profit</u>*

Gross profit increased $1.5 million, or 15% to $10.9 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to $10.2 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024.

Software gross profit decreased by $0.6 million primarily due to lower software revenue, particularly in Clinical Operations and Development solutions, offset by lower software-related costs, including reduced amortization.

Services gross profit increased by $1.4 million, primarily due to higher services revenue driven by increased client services activity and headcount reduction implemented in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, partially offset by higher delivery costs, and higher pass-through costs on customer engagements.

Overall gross margin was 59% for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to 54% for the three months ended November 30, 2024, primarily from a decrease in software amortization and by the effect of pass-through costs associated with certain services engagements.

*<u>Research and development</u>*

We incurred $3.9 million of research and development costs during the three months ended November 30, 2025. Of this amount, $0.9 million was capitalized as part of capitalized software development costs, and $3.0 million was expensed. We incurred $2.6 million of research and development costs during the three months ended November 30, 2024. Of this amount, $0.7 million was capitalized, and $1.8 million was expensed. Research and development spend increased by $1.3 million, or 51%, for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended November 30, 2024, reflecting higher investment in product and platform development activities, including continued enhancement and expansion of our software offerings and related capabilities. The increase was primarily attributable to higher personnel-related costs, consistent with increased efforts to support these development initiatives.

R&D spend as a percentage of revenue increased to 16% for the three months ended November 30, 2025, from 10% for the three months ended November 30, 2024 representing our continued investment in innovation for future growth. Total R&D cost (defined as capitalized R&D plus R&D expense) was 21% of revenue for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to 14% for the three months ended November 30, 2024.

*<u>Sales and marketing expenses</u>*

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.3 million, or 12%, to $3.2 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to $2.9 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. Sales and marketing as a percentage of revenue increased to 17% for the three months ended November 30, 2025, from 15% for the three months ended November 30, 2024. The increase primarily reflected higher variable selling costs and customer-facing activities to support commercial execution and demand generation across our offerings.

*<u>General, and administrative expenses</u>*

G&A expenses decreased by $1.4 million, or 25%, to $4.0 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to $5.4 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. G&A as a percentage of revenue decreased to 22% for the three months ended November 30, 2025, from 28% for the three months ended November 30, 2024. The decrease primarily reflected lower corporate support costs and reduced non-recurring spending. In addition, merger and acquisition-related costs decreased due to lower deal activity and associated professional fees in the current period. Facilities costs decreased as we continued to optimize our real estate footprint consistent with a remote-first operating model.

*<u>Other income</u>*

Total other income was $0.3 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to total other income of $0.1 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. Interest income increased by $0.1 million due to higher balances of cash invested in interest-bearing accounts.

*<u>Income tax expense</u>*

The expense for income taxes was $0.3 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to $0.1 million

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for the three months ended November 30, 2024. The Company tax rate increased to 30.3% for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to 23.7% for the three months ended November 30, 2024. The income tax rate increase is primarily due to favorable discrete items recognized for the three month ended November 30, 2024 that did not recur for the three months ended November 30, 2025.

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

Our principal sources of capital have been cash flows from our operations. We expect existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, cash generated by1 ongoing operations, and working capital will be sufficient to fund our operating activities and cash commitments for investing and financing activities and material capital expenditures for the next 12 months and beyond.

We continue to seek opportunities for strategic acquisitions, investments, and partnerships. If one or more strategic opportunities are identified, a substantial portion of our cash reserves may be required to complete the transaction. If we identify an attractive strategic opportunity that would require more cash to complete than we are willing or able to use from our cash reserves, we may consider financing options to complete the transaction, including obtaining loans or selling our securities. Additionally, our quest for strategic opportunities could result in a significant change to our liquidity position and/or our results of operations if any such transactions are completed.

Except as discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, we are not aware of any trends or demands, commitments, events, or uncertainties that are reasonably likely to result in a decrease in liquidity of our assets.

*<u>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments</u>*

At November 30, 2025, the Company had $30.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, $5.5 million in short-term investments, and net working capital of $47.8 million. Short-term investments consist of CD's and cash equivalents. The investments are U.S.-dollar-denominated securities.

*<u>Cash Flows</u>*

*Operating Activities*

Net cash provided by operating activities was $4.2 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, compared to net cash used by operating activities of $1.3 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. The $5.5 million improvement was driven primarily by a $5.8 million year-over-year improvement in working capital cash flows, largely reflecting lower variable compensation of $1.8 million in the prior period, a $2.0 million higher contribution from deferred revenue, reflecting higher billings collected in advance and timing of revenue recognition, and a $1.2 million improvement in accounts receivable cash usage due to the timing of billings and collections. These favorable changes were partially offset by a $1.7 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets and a $0.3 million decrease in cash generated from operating results before working capital changes (defined as net (loss) income adjusted for non-working capital items).

Net cash used in operating activities was $1.3 million for the three months ended November 30, 2024. While we generated cash from operating results before working capital changes, working capital was a net use of cash, driven primarily by a $3.7 million increase in accounts receivable resulting from customer invoicing that occurred closer to quarter-end and the timing of collections, and a $4.1 million decrease in other liabilities, primarily reflecting cash payments of $1.8 million for variable compensation, $1.1 million of payments of accrued expenses, and one-time reorganization costs of $0.3 million. These uses of cash were partially offset by a $1.2 million increase in deferred revenue, reflecting customer billings collected in advance and timing of revenue recognition, a $0.5 million increase in accounts payable, and a $0.7 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets.

*Investing Activities*

Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended November 30, 2025, was $4.9 million. Investing cash flows primarily reflect deployment and rebalancing of our short-term investment portfolio and capitalized software development to support product and platform enhancements. During the quarter, we invested $5.5 million in short-term investments as part of our treasury strategy to prudently invest excess cash while preserving liquidity and capital, and we incurred $0.9 million of capitalized computer software development costs to support ongoing product development and technology improvements. These uses of cash were partially offset by $1.5 million of maturities of short-term investments as securities matured in the normal course of portfolio management.

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Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended November 30, 2024, was $3.1 million. Investing cash flows primarily reflect deployment and rebalancing of our short-term investment portfolio, capitalized software development to support product and platform enhancements, and certain strategic investment and acquisition-related items. During the quarter, we invested $3.5 million in short-term investments as part of our treasury strategy to prudently invest excess cash while preserving liquidity and capital, and we incurred $0.6 million of capitalized computer software development costs to support ongoing product development and technology improvements. We also used cash for investing in intangible assets of $0.2 million, and a net working capital and excess cash settlement payment of $0.2 million related to the Pro-ficiency acquisition. These uses of cash were partially offset by $1.5 million of maturities of short-term investments as securities matured in the normal course of portfolio management.

*Financing Activities*

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended November 30, 2025, was less than $0.1 million, consisting of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended November 30, 2024, was $0.3 million, primarily due to proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

*<u>Share Repurchases</u>*

For the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively, we did not repurchase any shares of Company stock. As of November 30, 2025, $30 million remains available for additional repurchases under our authorized repurchase program. However, we are not obligated to repurchase any additional shares, and the timing, manner, price, and actual amount of further share repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including stock price, market conditions, other capital management needs and opportunities, and corporate and regulatory considerations. The share repurchase program has no expiration date but may be terminated at any time at our Board of Directors' discretion.

**Critical Accounting Estimates**

<u>Estimates</u>

Our financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with GAAP. Preparing financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by management's application of accounting policies. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Critical Accounting Estimates for us include revenue recognition, accounting for capitalized software development costs, accounting for intangible assets and goodwill, valuation of stock options, business acquisitions and accounting for income taxes.

<u>Revenue Recognition</u>

We generate revenue primarily from the sale of software licenses, providing consulting services, and customizing a software platform tailored to the pharmaceutical industry for drug development.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i.Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii.Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iii.Determination of the transaction price

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iv.Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;v.Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation

The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of consideration is probable. Contracts generally have fixed pricing terms and are not subject to variable pricing. The Company considers the nature and significance of each specific performance obligation under a contract when allocating the proceeds under each contract. Accounting for contracts includes significant judgment in the estimation of hours/cost to be incurred on consulting contracts, and the *de minimis* nature of the post-sales costs associated with software sales.

<u>Capitalized Computer Software Development Costs</u>

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Software development costs are capitalized in accordance with ASC 985-20, "Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed." Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and is discontinued when the product is available for sale. The establishment of technological feasibility and the ongoing assessment for recoverability of capitalized computer software development costs require considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors including, but not limited to, technological feasibility, anticipated future gross revenues, estimated economic life, and changes in software and hardware technologies. Capitalized software development costs are comprised primarily of salaries and direct payroll-related costs and the purchase of existing software to be used in the Company's software products. Total capitalized computer software development costs were $0.9 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively.

Amortization of capitalized computer software development costs is calculated on a product-by-product basis on the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the products, not to exceed five years. Amortization of software development costs amounted to $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively, for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively. We expect future amortization expense to vary due to variations in capitalized computer software development costs.

We test capitalized computer software development costs for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

<u>Intangible Assets and Goodwill</u>

The Company performs valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on each acquisition accounted for as a business combination and recognizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition-date fair value. Acquired intangible assets include customer relationships, software, trade names, and noncompete agreements. The Company determines the appropriate useful life by performing an analysis of expected cash flows based on historical experience of the acquired businesses. Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method, which approximates the pattern in which the majority of the economic benefits are expected to be consumed.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of the acquired net assets. Goodwill is not amortized; instead, it is tested for impairment annually or when events or circumstances change that would indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Events or circumstances that could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, significant changes in the manner of the Company's use of the acquired assets or the strategy for the Company's overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends, or significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is one level below or the same as an operating segment. As of November 30, 2025, the Company determined that it had two reporting units - Software and Services.

As of November 30, 2025, the entire balance of goodwill was attributed to two of the Company's reporting units, Software and Services. Intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable.

No impairment losses were recorded during the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively.

<u>Business Acquisitions</u>

The Company accounted for the acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting where the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recognized based on their respective estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of certain acquired assets and liabilities is subjective in nature and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, the selection of appropriate valuation methodology, projected revenue, expenses, and cash flows, weighted-average cost of capital, discount rates, and estimates of terminal values. Business acquisitions are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements as of the date of the acquisition.

<u>Research and Development Costs</u>

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R&D costs are charged to expense as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, or when the costs are for maintenance and minor modification of existing software products that do not add significant new capabilities to the products. These costs include salaries and benefits, laboratory experiments, and purchased software that was developed by other companies and incorporated into, or used in the development of, our final products.

<u>Income Taxes</u>

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740-10, "Income Taxes," which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns.

Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The provision for income taxes represents the tax payable for the period and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

<u>Stock-Based Compensation</u>

The Company accounts for stock options in accordance with ASC 718-10, "Compensation-Stock Compensation." Under this method, compensation costs include the estimated grant-date fair value of awards amortized over the options' vesting period. Stock-based compensation costs, not including shares issued to directors for services, were $1.5 million and $1.7 million, for the three months ended November 30, 2025, and November 30, 2024, respectively.

**Item 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk</u>**

As of November 30, 2025, there has been no material change in our exposure to market risk from that described in Item 7A of our Annual Report.

**Item 4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Controls and Procedures</u>**

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of November 30, 2025. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, management concluded as of November 30, 2025, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

**Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting**

No change in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

**PART II. OTHER INFORMATION**

**Item 1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Legal Proceedings</u>**

For a description of our material pending legal proceedings, please see Note 4, Commitments and Contingencies, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report.

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**Item 1A.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Risk Factors</u>**

Please carefully consider the information set forth in this Quarterly Report and the risk factors discussed in Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2025, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report, as well as other risks and uncertainties, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition, which in turn could materially and adversely affect the trading price of shares of our common stock. There have been no material updates or changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report; however, additional risks not currently known or currently material to us may also harm our business.

**Item 2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds</u>**

*<u>Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities</u>*

None.

*<u>Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities</u>*

None.

**Item 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Defaults Upon Senior Securities</u>**

None.

**Item 4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Mine Safety Disclosures</u>**

Not applicable.

**Item 5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Other Information</u>**

<u>Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans</u>

The adoption, modification or termination of contracts, instructions, or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities by our Section 16 officers and directors for the quarter ended November 30, 2025, each of which is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act ("Rule 10b5-1 Plan"), were as follows:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Title** | **Action** | **Date Adopted** | **Expiration Date** | **Aggregate # of Securities to be Purchased/Sold** |
| Walter Woltosz <sup>(1)</sup> | Director | Termination | 07/17/2023 | 10/03/2025 | 560000 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> On October 3, 2025, the pre-arranged stock trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1, adopted by Walter Woltosz and his spouse on July 17, 2023 (the "Expired Plan"), automatically terminated pursuant to its terms. The Expired Plan provided for the potential sale of up to 560,000 shares of Company common stock until October 3, 2025.

The Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements described above were adopted and precleared in accordance with the Company's Insider Trading Policy and actual sale transactions made pursuant to such trading arrangements will be disclosed publicly in future Section 16 filings with the SEC.

Other than those disclosed above, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," in each case as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

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**Item 6.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;EXHIBITS**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| EXHIBIT NUMBER | DESCRIPTION |
| 2.1^ | <u>[Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated July 23, 2014, by and among the Company, Cognigen Corporation and the other parties thereto, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Form 8-K/A filed November 18, 2014.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1023459/000101968714004363/simulations_8ka-ex0201.htm)</u> |
| 2.2^ | <u>[Stock Purchase Agreement by and among Simulations Plus, Inc., DILIsym Services, Inc., the Shareholders' Representative and the Shareholders of DILIsym Services, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed July 10, 2017.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1023459/000168316817001747/simulations_10q-ex1013.htm)</u> |
| 2.3^ | <u>[Share Purchase and Contribution Agreement Relating to Lixoft, dated March 31, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed April 2, 2020.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1023459/000168316820001066/simulations_ex0201.htm)</u> |
| 2.4^ | <u>[Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated June 16, 2023, by and among Simulations Plus, Inc., Insight Merger Sub, Inc., Immunetrics, Inc. and LaunchCyte LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed June 20, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1023459/000102345923000074/ex21agreementandplanofme.htm)</u> |
| 2.5^+ | <u>[Stock Purchase Agreement, by and among the Company, Pro-ficiency Holdings, Inc. ("Pro-ficiency"), each of the stockholders of Pro-ficiency (collectively, the "Sellers") and WRYP Stockholders Services, LLC, solely in its capacity as the Sellers' Representative, dated June 11, 2024, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed June 12, 2024.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1023459/000102345924000078/ex21pchsredactionsslpproje.htm)</u> |
| 3.1 | <u>[Articles of Incorporation of the Company, incorporated by reference to an Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form 10-K filed November 29, 2010.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1023459/000101968710004248/simulations_10k-ex0301.htm)</u> |
| 3.2 | <u>[Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, incorporated by reference to an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K filed November 29, 2010.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1023459/000101968710004248/simulations_10k-ex0302.htm)</u> |
| 3.3 | <u>[Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Simulations Plus, Inc., incorporated by reference to Appendix](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001023459/000168316818003827/simulations_def14a.htm)[B](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001023459/000168316818003827/simulations_def14a.htm)[to the Company's Definitive Schedule 14A Proxy Statement filed December 31, 2018.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001023459/000168316818003827/simulations_def14a.htm)</u> |
| 4.1 | Form of Common Stock Certificate, incorporated by reference to the Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration No. 333-6680) filed March 25, 1997. |
| 4.2 | Share Exchange Agreement, incorporated by reference to the Company's Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration No. 333-6680) filed March 25, 1997. |
| 31.1 \* | <u>[Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](slp-20251130x10qxex311.htm)</u> |
| 31.2 \* | <u>[Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](slp-20251130x10qxex312.htm)</u> |
| 32.1 \*\* | <u>[Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](slp-20251130x10qxex321.htm)</u> |
| 101.INS\*\*\* | Inline XBRL Instance Document |
| 101.SCH\*\*\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents |
| 104\*\*\* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101 attachments). |

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_____________________________

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| \* | Filed herewith. |
| \*\* | Furnished herewith. |
| \*\*\* | The XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability of that section and shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing or other document pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing or document. |
| ^ | Schedules, exhibits, and similar supporting attachments or agreements are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish a supplemental copy of any omitted schedule or similar attachment to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request. |
| † | Refers to management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements. |
| + | Portions of the exhibit, marked by brackets, have been omitted because the omitted information (i) is not material and (ii) would likely cause competitive harm if publicly disclosed. |

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**SIGNATURE**

In accordance with Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Research Triangle Park, State of North Carolina, on January 9, 2026.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.** | **SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.** |
| Date: | January 9, 2026 | By: | /s/ Will Frederick |
|  |  |  | Will Fredrick<br>Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal financial officer) |

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## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

**CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER** 

 **PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.

a California corporation

I, Shawn O'Connor, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Report") of Simulations Plus, Inc., a California corporation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)disclosed in this Report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Dated: January 9, 2026 | By: | /s/ Shawn O'Connor |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shawn O'Connor<br>Chief Executive Officer<br>(Principal Executive Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER** 

 **PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

SIMULATIONS PLUS, INC.

a California corporation

I, Will Frederick, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Report") of Simulations Plus, Inc., a California corporation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)disclosed in this Report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Dated: January 9, 2026 | By: | /s/ Will Frederick |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Will Frederick<br>Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer<br>(Principal Financial Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**CERTIFICATIONS OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER**

 **PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

**(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)**

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Simulations Plus, Inc., a California corporation (the "Company"), for the quarter ended November 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Shawn O'Connor, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Will Frederick, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, do each hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his/her knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)The information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Shawn O'Connor |
| Shawn O'Connor |
| Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
| January 9, 2026 |

---

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Will Frederick |
| Will Frederick |
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Financial Officer) |
| January 9, 2026 |

---

(A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Simulations Plus, Inc. and will be retained by Simulations Plus, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.)

<br>