# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001861657
**File Stem:** 0001641172-25-026303
**Filing Date:** 2025-9
**Character Count:** 32764
**Document Hash:** 235f6d800c46632185070c43508e8e08
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001641172-25-026303.hdr.sgml**: 20250903

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001641172-25-026303

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: S-3/A

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 3

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250903

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250903

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Tharimmune, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001861657
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 03 Life Sciences
- **EIN:** 842642541
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** S-3/A
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-289869
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251287679

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1200 ROUTE 22 EAST
- **CITY:** BRIDGEWATER
- **STATE:** NJ
- **ZIP:** 08807
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 302-743-2995

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 245 MAIN STREET
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 204
- **CITY:** CHESTER
- **STATE:** NJ
- **ZIP:** 07930

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Tharimmune, Inc
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20230925

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Hillstream BioPharma Inc.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20210511

**As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on September 3, 2025**

**Registration No. 333-289869**

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**Amendment No. 1**

**to**

**FORM S-3**

**REGISTRATION STATEMENT**

**UNDER**

**THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933**

**THARIMMUNE, INC.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **84-2642541** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification Number) |

---

**34 Shrewsbury Avenue, Suite 1C**

**Red Bank, NJ 07701**

**(732) 889-3111**

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)

**Sireesh Appajosyula**

**Chief Executive Officer**

**Tharimmune, Inc.**

**34 Shrewsbury Avenue**

**Red Bank, NJ 07701**

**(732) 889-3111**

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

*Copies to:*

**Joseph M. Lucosky**

**Scott E. Linsky**

**Lucosky Brookman LLP**

**101 Wood Avenue South, 5<sup>th</sup> Floor**

**Iselin, New Jersey 08830**

**(732) 395-4400**

**Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time, after the effective date of this registration statement.**

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462I under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462I under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ <br> Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ <br> Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐

**The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.**

**EXPLANATORY NOTE**

**This Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333- 289869) is filed solely to amend Item 16 of Part II thereof and to file certain exhibits thereto. This Amendment No. 1 does not modify any provision of the preliminary prospectus contained in Part I. Accordingly, the preliminary prospectus has been omitted.**

**PART II**

**INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS**

**Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.**

The following table sets forth an estimate of the fees and expenses relating to the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered hereby, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, all of which shall be borne by the selling stockholders. All of such fees and expenses, except for the SEC Registration Fee, are estimated:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| SEC registration fee | $1819.88 |
| Legal fees and expenses | $40000.00 |
| Printing fees and expenses | $2500.00 |
| Accounting fees and expenses | $42500.00 |
| Miscellaneous fees and expenses | $4000.00 |
| Total | $90819.88 |

---

**Item 15. Indemnification of Officers and Directors.**

Section 102 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL") permits a corporation to eliminate the personal liability of directors of a corporation to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for a breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except where the director breached his duty of loyalty, failed to act in good faith, engaged in intentional misconduct or knowingly violated a law, authorized the payment of a dividend or approved a stock repurchase in violation of Delaware corporate law or obtained an improper personal benefit. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, provides that no director of the Company shall be personally liable to it or its stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duty as a director, notwithstanding any provision of law imposing such liability, except to the extent that the DGCL prohibits the elimination or limitation of liability of directors for breaches of fiduciary duty.

Section 145 of the DGCL provides that a corporation has the power to indemnify a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, or a person serving at the request of the corporation for another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise in related capacities against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with an action, suit or proceeding to which he was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, ending or completed action, suit or proceeding by reason of such position, if such person acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, in any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, except that, in the case of actions brought by or in the right of the corporation, no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or other adjudicating court determines that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all of the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws will provide indemnification for our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. We will indemnify each person who was or is a party or threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending action by or in the right of us by reason of the fact that he or she is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at our request as a director, officer, partner, employee or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (all such persons being referred to as an "Indemnitee"), or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom, if such Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, our best interests, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, he or she had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, and bylaws provide that we will indemnify any Indemnitee who was or is a party to an action or suit by or in the right of us to procure a judgment in our favor by reason of the fact that the Indemnitee is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at our request as a director, officer, partner, employee or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys' fees) and, to the extent permitted by law, amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, and any appeal therefrom, if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, our best interests, except that no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to us, unless a court determines that, despite such adjudication but in view of all of the circumstances, he or she is entitled to indemnification of such expenses. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that any Indemnitee has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, he or she will be indemnified by us against all expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred in connection therewith. Expenses must be advanced to an Indemnitee under certain circumstances.

We have entered into separate indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. Each indemnification agreement provides, among other things, for indemnification to the fullest extent permitted by law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, and bylaws against any and all expenses, judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement of any claim. The indemnification agreements will provide for the advancement or payment of all expenses to the indemnitee and for the reimbursement to us if it is found that such indemnitee is not entitled to such indemnification under applicable law and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws.

We maintain a general liability insurance policy that covers certain liabilities of directors and officers of our corporation arising out of claims based on acts or omissions in their capacities as directors or officers.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

**Item 16. Exhibits.**

a) Exhibits.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit Numbers** | **Exhibit Description** |
| 3.1+ | [Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on September 27, 2021)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000149315221023881/ex3-1.htm) |
| 3.2+ | [Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation dated August 7, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on September 27, 2021)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000149315221023881/ex3-2.htm) |
| 3.3+ | [Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation dated September 16, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on September 27, 2021)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000149315221023881/ex3-3.htm) |
| 3.4+ | [Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation dated October 11, 2021 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on October 15, 2021)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000149315221025555/ex3-5.htm) |
| 3.5+ | [Bylaws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC on September 27, 2021)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000149315221023881/ex3-4.htm) |
| 3.6+ | [Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation dated September 21, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 25, 2023)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000149315223033591/ex3-1.htm) |
| 3.7+ | [Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, as amended dated November 17, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 17, 2023)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000149315223033591/ex3-1.htm) |
| 3.8+ | [Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, as amended dated May 22, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 22, 2024)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000149315224021014/ex3-1.htm) |
| 4.1+ | [Form of RD Common Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2025)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000164117225021118/ex4-2.htm) |
| 4.2+ | [Form of PIPE Pre-Funded Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2025)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000164117225021772/ex4-1.htm) |
| 4.3+ | [Form of PIPE Common Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2025)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000164117225021772/ex4-2.htm) |
| 5.1\* | [Opinion of Lucosky Brookman LLP as to the legality of the securities being registered](ex5-1.htm) |
| 10.1+ | [Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (related to the RD Offering), dated July 23, 2025, by and between Tharimmune, Inc. and the purchasers named therein (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2025)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000164117225021118/ex10-1.htm) |
| 10.2+ | [Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (related to the Private Placement), dated July 25, 2025, by and between Tharimmune, Inc. and the purchasers named therein (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2025)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000164117225021772/ex10-1.htm) |
| 23.1+ | [Consent of Rosenberg Rich Baker Berman, P.A.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000164117225025588/ex23-1.htm) |
| 23.2\* | [Consent of Lucosky Brookman LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)](ex5-1.htm) |
| 24.1+ | [Power of Attorney (included on signature pages to the registration statement)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000164117225025588/forms-3.htm#a_014) |
| 107+ | [Filing Fee Table](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1861657/000164117225025588/ex107.htm) |

---

\* Filed herewith. <br> + Previously Filed

**Item 17. Undertakings.**

(a) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:

(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Filing Fee" table in the effective Registration Statement; and

(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement;

provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement;.

(2) that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(i) Each
 prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the
 date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(l)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date;

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser;

(6) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof;

(7) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Red Bank, State of New Jersey, on the 3rd day of September, 2025.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **THARIMMUNE, INC.** | **THARIMMUNE, INC.** |
| By: | */s/ Sireesh Appajosyula* |
|  | Sireesh Appajosyula |
|  | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Signature** | **Title** | **Date** |
| */s/ Sireesh Appajosyula* | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | September 3, 2025 |
| Sireesh Appajosyula | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |  |
| *\** | Executive Chairman | September 3, 2025 |
| Vincent LoPriore |  |  |
| *\** | Director | September 3, 2025 |
| Sanam Parikh |  |  |
| *\** | Director | September 3, 2025 |
| Clay Kahler |  |  |
| *\** | Director | September 3, 2025 |
| Gary Stetz |  |  |
| *\** | Director | September 3, 2025 |
| James Gordon Liddy |  |  |
| *\** | Director | September 3, 2025 |
| Nancy Davis |  |  |

---

\* By:

---

| |
|:---|
| */s/ Sireesh Appajosyula* |
| Sireesh Appajosyula, Attorney-in-Fact |

---

## Exhibit 5.1

**Exhibit 5.1**

![](ex5-1_001.jpg)

September 3, 2025

Tharimmune, Inc.

34 Shrewsbury Avenue

Red Bank, NJ 07701

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **RE:** | **Registration Statement on Form S-3** |
|  | **2,463,601 Shares of Common Stock of** |
|  | **Tharimmune, Inc., par value $0.0001 per share** |

---

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are acting as counsel for Tharimmune, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), in connection with the registration for resale from time to time by certain selling shareholders (the "Selling Shareholders") named in the Prospectus (as defined below) of up to 2,463,601 shares (the "Shares") of the Company's common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the "Common Stock") consisting of (a) 974,241 shares of our Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "RD Common Warrant Shares"), issuable upon exercise of common warrants (the "RD Common Warrants") and (b) 1,489,360 shares of our Common Stock consisting of (i) 641,190 shares of our Common Stock (the "PIPE Common Shares"), (ii) 103,490 shares of our Common Stock (the "PIPE Pre-funded Warrant Shares") issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants (the "PIPE Pre-funded Warrants"), and (iii) 744,680 shares of our Common Stock (the "PIPE Common Warrant Shares") issuable upon exercise of common warrants (the "PIPE Common Warrants"). The Shares are included in a registration statement on Form S-3 (the "Registration Statement") under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), and the related prospectus included in the Registration Statement (the "Prospectus"), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") on August 26, 2025.

This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related Prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issuance of the Shares. It is understood that the opinions set forth below are to be used only in connection with the offer while the Registration Statement is in effect.

In rendering these opinions, we have examined the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, both as amended and currently in effect, the Registration Statement, and the exhibits thereto, and such other records, instruments and documents as we have deemed advisable in order to render these opinions. In such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed or photo static copies and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents. In providing these opinions, we have further relied as to certain matters on information obtained from officers of the Company. We are opining herein as to the federal laws of the United States and the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL"), and we express no opinion with respect to any other laws.

Subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. the PIPE Common Shares have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of the Company under DGCL and are validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. the PIPE Pre-funded Warrants have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of the Company under the DGCL and, when the PIPE Pre-Funded Warrant Shares are delivered and paid for in accordance with the terms of the PIPE Pre-Funded Warrants and when evidence of the issuance thereof is duly recorded in the Company's books and records, the PIPE Pre-Funded Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. the RD Common Warrants have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of the Company under the DGCL and, when the RD Common Warrant Shares s are delivered and paid for in accordance with the terms of the RD Common Warrants, and when evidence of the issuance thereof is duly recorded in the Company's books and records, the RD Common Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. the PIPE Common Warrants have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of the Company under the DGCL and, when the PIPE Common Warrant Shares are delivered and paid for in accordance with the terms of the PIPE Common Warrants, and when evidence of the issuance thereof is duly recorded in the Company's books and records, the PIPE Common Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.

This opinion is for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm in the Prospectus under the heading "Legal Matters." In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

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| Very Truly Yours, |
| */s/ Lucosky Brookman LLP* |
| Lucosky Brookman LLP |

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