# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001646188
**File Stem:** 0001213900-25-109604
**Filing Date:** 2025-11
**Character Count:** 290571
**Document Hash:** c493fe727cfced002b0d04e1f82fb6e6
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001213900-25-109604.hdr.sgml**: 20251113

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001213900-25-109604

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 92

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250930

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251113

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20251113

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Ondas Holdings Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001646188
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** RADIO & TV BROADCASTING & COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT [3663]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 04 Manufacturing
- **EIN:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** NV
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-39761
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251475585

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1 MARINA PARK DRIVE
- **STREET 2:** UNIT 1410
- **CITY:** BOSTON
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 02210
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 6314187044

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1 MARINA PARK DRIVE
- **STREET 2:** UNIT 1410
- **CITY:** BOSTON
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 02210

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** ZEV VENTURES INC.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20150624

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

(Mark One)

☒ **QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

or

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

For the transition period from________ to ___________

Commission File Number: **<u>001-39761</u>**

**<u>ONDAS HOLDINGS INC.</u>**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Nevada** | **47-2615102** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of<br> incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer<br> Identification No.) |

---

**<u>One Marina Park Drive, Suite 1410, Boston, MA 02210</u>**

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

**<u>(888) 657-2377</u>**

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

**N/A**

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange on which registered** |
| Common Stock par value $0.0001 | ONDS | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ <br> Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ <br> Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares outstanding of the issuer's common stock as of November 10, 2025 was 368,459,664.

**ONDAS HOLDINGS INC.**

**INDEX TO FORM 10-Q**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Page** |
| **PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION** | **PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION** |  |
| **Item 1.** | **Financial Statements** |  |
|  | [Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2024](#a_001) | 1 |
|  | [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)](#a_002) | 2 |
|  | [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)](#a_003) | 3 |
|  | [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited)](#a_004) | 4 |
|  | [Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements](#a_005) | 5 |
| **Item 2.** | [**Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations**](#a_006) | 48 |
| **Item 3.** | [**Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk**](#a_007) | 60 |
| **Item 4.** | [**Controls and Procedures**](#a_008) | 60 |
| [**PART II - OTHER INFORMATION**](#a_009) | [**PART II - OTHER INFORMATION**](#a_009) | 61 |
| **Item 1.** | [**Legal Proceedings**](#a_010) | 61 |
| **Item 1A.** | [**Risk Factors**](#a_011) | 61 |
| **Item 2.** | [**Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds**](#a_012) | 61 |
| **Item 3.** | [**Defaults Upon Senior Securities**](#a_013) | 61 |
| **Item 4.** | [**Mine Safety Disclosures**](#a_014) | 61 |
| **Item 5.** | [**Other Information**](#a_015) | 61 |
| **Item 6.** | **[Exhibits](#a_016)** | 62 |

---

i

**ONDAS HOLDINGS INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **September 30,**<br>**2025** | **December 31,**<br>**2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | |
| ASSETS |  |  |
| Current Assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash | $432816982 | $29958106 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted cash | 576575 | 41215 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certificates of deposit | 917570 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investments in marketable equity securities | 17893276 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net | 5222547 | 5223182 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventory, net | 12522999 | 9821692 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other current assets | 8926036 | 2476356 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current assets | 478875985 | 47520551 |
| Property and equipment, net | 2595499 | 2586691 |
| Other Assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill, net of accumulated impairment charges | 34773934 | 27751921 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Intangible assets, net | 28120281 | 27178057 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term equity investments | 587250 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposits and other assets | 663043 | 663073 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease right of use assets | 4534577 | 3921995 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other assets | 68679085 | 59515046 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets | $550150569 | $109622288 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
| Current Liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | $8377187 | $5659643 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities | 1635116 | 1121565 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 7368895 | 4719214 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes payable, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $0 and $226,785, respectively, related party | 1500000 | 1273215 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Convertible notes payable, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance cost of $55,439 and $362,237, respectively, related party | 5414561 | 5137763 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Convertible notes payable, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance cost of $121,124 and $5,236,362, respectively | 4108876 | 31947445 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue | 2097848 | 329025 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Government grant liability | 805390 | 388752 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current liabilities | 31307873 | 50576622 |
| Long-Term Liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Notes payable | 300000 | 300000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Convertible notes payable, net of current, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance cost of $0 and $1,681,784, respectively | - | 15568216 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued interest | 23171 | 20041 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Government grant liability, net of current | 2165785 | 2168430 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities, net of current | 5011647 | 4961967 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred tax liability | 867483 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other liabilities | 99884 | 82500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total long-term liabilities | 8467970 | 23101154 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities | 39775843 | 73677776 |
| Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |
| Temporary Equity |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Redeemable noncontrolling interest | 23151014 | 19361205 |
| Stockholders' Equity |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock - par value $0.0001; 5,000,000 shares authorized and none issued or outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | - | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock, Series A - par value $0.0001; 5,000,000 shares authorized and none issued or outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | - | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common Stock - par value $0.0001; 400,000,000 and 300,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; 329,515,817 and 93,173,191 issued and outstanding, respectively September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 32951 | 9317 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid in capital | 754767458 | 252941813 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated deficit | (268722540) | (236367823) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Ondas Holdings stockholders' equity | 486077869 | 16583307 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Noncontrolling interest | 1145843 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total stockholders' equity | 487223712 | 16583307 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $550150569 | $109622288 |

---

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

**ONDAS HOLDINGS INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS**

(Unaudited)

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
|  | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Revenues, net | $10098310 | $1480792 | $20619880 | $3063652 |
| Cost of goods sold | 7493915 | 1433232 | 13194865 | 3601969 |
| Gross profit (loss) | 2604395 | 47560 | 7425015 | (538317) |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 10595469 | 4114986 | 22583398 | 12177062 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 2999720 | 1410944 | 7695545 | 4040798 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 4512756 | 3182345 | 12209164 | 9335323 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 18107945 | 8708275 | 42488107 | 25553183 |
| Operating loss | (15503550) | (8660715) | (35063092) | (26091500) |
| Other income (expense), net |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income (expense), net | 31479 | (1786) | 13113 | (3853) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in fair value of government grant liability | (87186) | (86307) | (354560) | 462710 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest and dividend income | 1992274 | 121608 | 2443420 | 306385 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized gain on investments | 6893277 | - | 6893277 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | (444449) | (871335) | (5872818) | (2357497) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign exchange gain (loss), net | (55245) | (27733) | (119240) | 11667 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other income (expense), net | 8330150 | (865553) | 3003192 | (1580588) |
| Loss before income taxes | (7173400) | (9526268) | (32059900) | (27672088) |
| Provision for income taxes | 307456 | - | 307456 | - |
| Net loss | (7480856) | (9526268) | (32367356) | (27672088) |
| Less preferred dividends attributable to noncontrolling interest | 390000 | 390000 | 1170000 | 1114138 |
| Less deemed dividends attributable to accretion of redemption value | 924202 | 755644 | 2619809 | 2112784 |
| Less net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | (12639) | - | (12639) | - |
| Net loss attributable to common stockholders | $(8782419) | $(10671912) | $(36144526) | $(30899010) |
| Net loss per share - basic and diluted | $(0.03) | $(0.15) | $(0.21) | $(0.46) |
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted | 259909415 | 70741662 | 172423160 | 66732781 |

---

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

**ONDAS HOLDINGS INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY** 

**FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025 AND 2024**

(Unaudited)

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | | | **Ondas Holdings Inc. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)** | **Ondas Holdings Inc. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)** | **Ondas Holdings Inc. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)** | **Ondas Holdings Inc. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)** | | |
|  | **Redeemable <br> Noncontrolling<br> Interest** | **Redeemable <br> Noncontrolling<br> Interest** | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | | | | |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional**<br>**paid in capital** | **Accumulated**<br>**deficit** |<br>**Noncontrolling**<br>**Interest** |<br>**Total <br> Stockholders'<br> Equity**<br>**(Deficit)** |
| **Balance, January 1, 2024** | **429123** | $**11920694** | **61940878** | $**6194** | $**231488999** | $**(198360066)** | $**-**  | $**33135127** |
| Sale of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks, net of issuance costs | 108925 | 3028806 |  | - | (124965) | - | - | (124965) |
| Issuance of warrants in connection with the sale of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks |  | - |  | - | 1471194 | - | - | 1471194 |
| Preferred dividends atrributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest |  | 334138 |  | - | (334138) | - | - | (334138) |
| Accretion of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks |  | 638646 |  | - | (638646) | - | - | (638646) |
| Sale of common stock, net of issuance costs |  | - | 3616071 | 362 | 2904295 | - | - | 2904657 |
| Issuance of warrants in Ondas Autonomous Systems, in connection with sale of common stock |  | - |  | - | 954737 | - | - | 954737 |
| Issuance of shares upon exercise of options |  | - | 4535 | - | 2217 | - | - | 2217 |
| Delivery of shares for restricted stock units |  | - | 3000 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Stock-based compensation |  | - |  | - | 269553 | - | - | 269553 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (9876084) | - | (9876084) |
| **Balance, March 31, 2024** | **538048** | $**15922284** | **65564484** | $**6556** | $**235993246** | $**(208236150)** | $**-**  | $**27763652** |
| Issuance of shares for payment on convertible debt |  | - | 340855 | 34 | 250153 | - | - | 250187 |
| Preferred dividends attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest |  | 390000 |  | - | (390000) | - | - | (390000) |
| Accretion of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks |  | 718494 |  | - | (718494) | - | - | (718494) |
| Settlement of development agreement |  | - | 320026 | 32 | 342396 | - | - | 342428 |
| Warrant conversion |  | - | 46893 | 5 | 1402 | - | - | 1407 |
| Issuance of shares upon exercise of options |  | - | 9660 | 1 | 5077 | - | - | 5078 |
| Delivery of shares for restricted stock units |  | - | 268794 | 27 | (27) | - | - | - |
| Stock-based compensation |  | - |  | - | 407997 | - | - | 407997 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (8269736) | - | (8269736) |
| **Balance, June 30, 2024** | **538048** | $**17030778** | **66550712** | $**6655** | $**235891750** | $**(216505886)** | $**-**  | $**19392519** |
| Issuance of shares for payment on convertible debt |  | - | 3367431 | 337 | 1828851 | - | - | 1829188 |
| Preferred dividends attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest |  | 390000 |  | - | (390000) | - | - | (390000) |
| Accretion of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks |  | 755644 |  | - | (755644) | - | - | (755644) |
| Sale of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs |  | - | 5333334 | 533 | 3467407 | - | - | 3467940 |
| Issuance of warrants in Ondas Networks, in connection with note payable |  | - |  | - | 589924 | - | - | 589924 |
| Delivery of shares for restricted stock units |  | - | 45834 | 5 | (5) | - | - | - |
| Stock-based compensation |  | - |  | - | 311133 | - | - | 311133 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (9526268) | - | (9526268) |
| **Balance, September 30, 2024** | **538048** | $**18176422** | **75297311** | $**7530** | $**240943416** | $**(226032154)** | $**-**  | $**14918792** |
| **Balance, January 1, 2025** | **538048** | **19361205** | **93173191** | $**9317** | $**252941813** | $**(236367823)** | $**-**  | $**16583307** |
| Issuance of warrants in Ondas Networks, in connection with convertible note payable |  | - |  | - | 345403 | - | - | 345403 |
| Preferred dividends attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest |  | 390000 |  | - | (390000) | - | - | (390000) |
| Accretion of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks |  | 817127 |  | - | (817127) | - | - | (817127) |
| Issuance of shares for payment on convertible debt |  | - | 33322397 | 3332 | 21936182 | - | - | 21939514 |
| Issuance of shares upon exercise of options and warrants |  | - | 1105500 | 111 | 983784 | - | - | 983895 |
| Delivery of shares for restricted stock units |  | - | 123711 | 12 | (12) | - | - | - |
| Stock-based compensation |  | - |  | - | 1572645 | - | - | 1572645 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (14136350) | - | (14136350) |
| **Balance, March 31, 2025** | **538048** | $**20568332** | **127724799** | $**12772** | $**276572688** | $**(250504173)** | $**-**  | $**26081287** |
| Preferred dividends attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest |  | 390000 |  | - | (390000) | - | - | (390000) |
| Accretion of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks |  | 878480 |  | - | (878480) | - | - | (878480) |
| Issuance of shares and pre-funded warrants from June 2025 Public Offering, net of costs |  | - | 27200000 | 2720 | 42674363 | - | - | 42677083 |
| Issuance of shares for payment on convertible debt |  | - | 33584247 | 3358 | 22920691 | - | - | 22924049 |
| Issuance of shares upon exercise of options and warrants |  | - | 17888750 | 1789 | 8976913 | - | - | 8978702 |
| Delivery of shares for restricted stock units |  | - | 334870 | 34 | (34) | - | - | - |
| Stock-based compensation |  | - |  | - | 2178693 | - | - | 2178693 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (10750150) | - | (10750150) |
| **Balance, June 30, 2025** | **538048** | $**21836812** | **206732666** | $**20673** | $**352054834** | $**(261254323)** | $**-**  | $**90821184** |
| Preferred dividends attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest |  | 390000 |  | - | (390000) | - | - | (390000) |
| Accretion of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks |  | 924202 |  | - | (924202) | - | - | (924202) |
| Exercise of warrants in Ondas Autonomous Systems by noncontrolling interests |  | - |  | - | - | - | 1158482 | 1158482 |
| Issuance of shares from August 2025 Public Offering, net of costs |  | - | 53084000 | 5308 | 162630902 | - | - | 162636210 |
| Issuance of shares from September 2025 Offering, net of costs |  | - | 46000000 | 4600 | 216990805 | - | - | 216995405 |
| Issuance of shares for payment on convertible debt |  | - | 6950574 | 695 | 5360607 | - | - | 5361302 |
| Issuance of shares upon exercise of options and warrants |  | - | 16001937 | 1600 | 13585012 | - | - | 13586612 |
| Delivery of shares for restricted stock units |  | - | 746640 | 75 | (75) | - | - | - |
| Stock-based compensation |  | - |  | - | 5459575 | - | - | 5459575 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (7468217) | (12639) | (7480856) |
| **Balance, September 30, 2025** | **538048** | $**23151014** | **329515817** | $**32951** | $**754767458** | $**(268722540)** | $**1145843** | $**487223712** |

---

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

**ONDAS HOLDINGS INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS**

(Unaudited)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
|  | **September 30,** | **September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| **CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss | $(32367356) | $(27672088) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows used in operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investment gains | (6893277) | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 565643 | 424637 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | 4690079 | 1502657 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of intangible assets | 3203867 | 3161729 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of right of use asset | 845168 | 902851 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Retirement of assets | - | 1578 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss on intellectual property | 15704 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in fair value of government grant liability | 198260 | (605889) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 9210913 | 988683 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | 19615 | 553887 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventory | (2641942) | (4402549) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other current assets | (5761619) | 426879 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposits and other assets | 30 | 117125 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | 1177340 | (482249) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 3964336 | (71933) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue | (1339559) | 170776 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liability | (894519) | (459243) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred tax liability | (11356) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other liabilities | 1048 | 82500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash flows used in operating activities | (26017625) | (25360649) |
| **CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Patent costs | (44812) | (22030) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of equipment | (437298) | (1606358) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from sale of equipment | - | 1700 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of software intangible | (15615) | (32678) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of long-term equity investment | (587250) | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of equity securities | (10999999) | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for asset acquisition, net of cash acquired | (169724) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for business acquisition, net of cash acquired | (6488921) | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash flows used in investing activities | (18743619) | (1659366) |
| **CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from sale of noncontrolling interest in Ondas Networks, net of issuance costs | - | 4375035 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs | 422308698 | 7327334 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of options and warrants | 23549209 | 8702 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of warrants in OAS | 1158482 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from convertible notes payable, net of issuance costs, related party | - | 1482868 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from convertible notes payable, net of issuance costs | 923358 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from notes payable, net of issuance costs, related party | - | 1377524 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from government grant | 364683 | 299838 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payments on government grant liability | (148950) | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash flows provided by financing activities | 448155480 | 14871301 |
| Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 403394236 | (12148714) |
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period | 29999321 | 15022000 |
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | $433393557 | $2873286 |
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: |  |  |
| Cash paid for interest | $8120 | $16845 |
| Cash paid for income taxes | $9662 | $- |
| SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred dividends attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest | $1170000 | $1114138 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accretion of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks | $2619809 | $2112784 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock issued in exchange for debt repayment | $53218418 | $2079375 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Noncash consideration for settlement of development agreement payable | $- | $342428 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Warrants in Ondas Autonomous Systems, in relation to sale of common stock | $- | $954737 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Warrants in Ondas Holdings, in relation to sale of common stock | $- | $2198559 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Warrants in relation to sale of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks | $- | $1471194 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Warrants in Ondas Networks, in relation to notes payable and convertible notes payable | $345403 | $589924 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transfer of equipment into inventory | $- | $2289539 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating leases right-of-use assets obtained in exchange of lease liabilities | $1457750 | $- |

---

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

**ONDAS HOLDINGS INC.**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**<u>NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION</u>**

<u>The Company</u>

Ondas Holdings Inc. ("Ondas Holdings", "Ondas", the "Company," "we," or "our") was originally incorporated in Nevada on December 22, 2014, under the name of Zev Ventures Incorporated. On September 28, 2018, we acquired Ondas Networks Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Delaware Networks"), and changed our name to Ondas Holdings Inc. On August 5, 2021, we acquired American Robotics, Inc. ("American Robotics" or "AR"), a Delaware corporation. On January 23, 2023, we acquired Airobotics, Ltd. ("Airobotics"), an Israeli-based developer of autonomous drone systems. On December 6, 2023, the Company formed Ondas Autonomous Holdings Inc., a Nevada corporation, as an intermediate holding company which now wholly-owns American Robotics and Airobotics. On August 8, 2024, the Company filed a certificate of amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada, amending Ondas Autonomous Holdings Inc.'s name to Ondas Autonomous Systems Inc. ("OAS"). On August 7, 2024, the Company formed Ondas Networks Texas Inc., a Texas corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("Texas Networks"). Pursuant to a certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 19, 2024, Delaware Networks merged with and into Texas Networks (the "Merger") with Texas Networks being the surviving entity resulting from the Merger and shall continuing to exist and being governed by the laws of the State of Texas under the corporate name "Ondas Networks Inc." ("Ondas Networks"). On August 31, 2025, we acquired Apeiro Motion Ltd. ("Apeiro"), an Israeli-based developer of advanced ground robotics, fiber optic communications systems and mission-critical automation technologies. On September 10, 2025, the Company formed Ondas Capital Inc. ("Ondas Capital"), a Nevada corporation, as an intermediate holding company focused on combining advisory services and strategic investment management services to accelerate the rapid scaling and global deployment of unmanned and autonomous systems to Allied defense and security markets.

As a result, Ondas Networks, Ondas Capital, OAS, American Robotics, Airobotics and Apeiro became our subsidiaries. Ondas' corporate headquarters are located in Boston, Massachusetts. Ondas Networks has offices and facilities in Sunnyvale, California, American Robotics' offices and facilities are located in Sparks, Maryland, Airobotics' offices and facilities are located in Petah Tikva, Israel, and Apeiro offices and facilities are located in Kokhav Yaʼir, Israel.

*<u>Business Activity</u>*

Ondas is a leading provider of private wireless, drone, and automated data solutions through its subsidiaries Ondas Networks, Ondas Capital, OAS, Airobotics, Apeiro, and American Robotics. Ondas Networks provides wireless connectivity solutions. OAS provides autonomous aerial, ground robotics, and automated data solutions through its subsidiaries Airobotics, Apeiro and American Robotics. Ondas Networks and OAS together provide users in defense, homeland security, and critical infrastructure markets with improved connectivity and data collection and information processing capabilities. We operate Ondas Networks and OAS as separate business segments, and the following is a discussion of each segment.

*Ondas Networks* 

Ondas Networks provides wireless connectivity solutions enabling mission-critical Industrial Internet applications and services. We refer to these applications as the Mission-Critical Internet of Things ("MC-IoT"). Our wireless networking products are applicable to a wide range of MC-IoT applications, which are most often located at the very edge of large industrial networks. These applications require secure, real-time connectivity with the ability to process large amounts of data at the edge of large industrial networks. Such applications are required in all of the major critical infrastructure markets, including rail, electric grids, drone operations, oil and gas, and public safety, homeland security and government, where secure, reliable and fast operational decisions are required in order to improve efficiency and ensure a high degree of safety and security. Our MC-IoT intellectual property has been adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ("IEEE"), the leading worldwide standards body in data networking protocols, and forms the core of the IEEE 802.16 standard. Because standards-based communications solutions are preferred by our mission-critical customers and ecosystem partners, we continue to take a leadership position in IEEE as it relates to wireless networking for industrial markets.

We design, develop, manufacture, sell and support FullMAX, our patented, Software Defined Radio ("SDR") platform for secure, private, wide-area broadband networks. Our customers install FullMAX systems in order to upgrade and expand their legacy wide-area network infrastructure. By upgrading their legacy systems, customers benefit from significant increases in data throughput which enables new applications. We have targeted the North American freight rail operators for the initial adoption of our FullMAX platform. These rail operators currently operate legacy communications systems utilizing dated narrowband wireless technologies for voice and data communications. These legacy wireless networks have limited data capacity and are unable to support the adoption of new, intelligent train control and management systems. The freight rail operators through the Association of American Railroads ("AAR"), its advisory subsidiary MxV Rail, as well as the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance Association ("AREMA"), have adopted the IEEE 802.16 standard for future private wireless networks. The IEEE 802.16t Direct Peer-to-Peer ("DPP") protocol has been selected by the AAR as the new standard for Next Generation head-of-train / end-of-train ("HOT-EOT") communications or "NGHE Gen4." This new protocol for train telemetry operations enables new safety and operational improvements to existing HOT-EOT applications.

Our software-based FullMAX platform is an important and timely upgrade solution for privately-owned and operated wireless wide-area networks, leveraging Internet Protocol-based communications to provide security, more reliability and significant data throughput for our mission-critical infrastructure customers. We believe industrial and critical infrastructure markets throughout the globe have reached an inflection point where legacy serial and analog based protocols no longer meet industry needs. In addition to offering enhanced data throughput, FullMAX is an intelligent networking platform enabling the adoption of sophisticated operating systems and equipment supporting next-generation MC-IoT applications over wide field areas. These new MC-IoT applications and related equipment require more processing power at the edge of large industrial networks and the efficient utilization of network capacity and scarce bandwidth.

*Ondas Autonomous Systems (OAS)*

Our OAS business unit develops, integrates, and deploys multi-domain autonomous solutions spanning air, ground, and communication systems for high-performance applications in defense, homeland security, and industrial markets. OAS delivers a unified technology ecosystem that combines autonomous drones, ground robotics, and secure tethered communications to enhance operational intelligence, safety, and resilience across mission-critical environments.

OAS' portfolio includes the Optimus System™, a fully autonomous drone platform designed for persistent aerial intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), and the Iron Drone Raider™, a fully autonomous interceptor drone engineered to detect, track, and neutralize small hostile drones. Complementing these aerial platforms, Apeiro's advanced ground robots and fiber-spool communication systems extend mission reach, enabling autonomous and resilient operations across complex terrain, underground environments, and communications-denied areas.

Our multi-domain autonomy architecture serves customers across defense, homeland security, public safety, and critical industrial sectors, including smart cities, airports, seaports, oil and gas, mining, heavy construction, data centers, and semiconductor manufacturing. OAS solutions are built for persistent operations in the most demanding conditions — urban areas, sensitive facilities, and remote field deployments — providing unmatched situational awareness, security, and operational continuity.

In addition to our core platforms, OAS provides a wide suite of enabling services to ensure successful deployment and sustainment, including AI-driven data analytics, automation and IT integration, safety and regulatory certification, training, and lifecycle maintenance. These capabilities empower customers to fully harness the benefits of autonomous technology while ensuring compliance and operational safety.

OAS and its portfolio companies — American Robotics, Airobotics, and Apeiro — represent a powerful and synergistic combination of aerospace, robotics, and data technologies. Together, they deliver a comprehensive end-to-end platform that addresses every phase of the product lifecycle, from research and development through manufacturing, certification, and field sustainment.

OAS has achieved multiple industry-leading milestones, including the FAA Type Certification of the Optimus 1-EX UAV on September 25, 2023 — the first autonomous security data-capture UAV to receive this distinction. This certification, the highest echelon of FAA airworthiness recognition, enables broad beyond-visual-line-of-sight (BVLOS) operations over people and infrastructure and validates the system's safety and reliability within the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS).

**<u>NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</u>**

<u>Basis of Presentation</u>

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial statements for interim periods in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 ("2024 Form 10-K"). The Company's accounting policies are described in the "*Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements*" in the 2024 Form 10-K and are updated, as necessary, in this Form 10-Q. The December 31, 2024 consolidated balance sheet data presented for comparative purposes was derived from the audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year or for any other subsequent interim period.

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries, Ondas Networks, Ondas Capital, OAS, American Robotics, Apeiro and Airobotics. All inter-company accounts and transactions between these entities have been eliminated in these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The functional currency of the Company and all of our subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar.

<u>Business Combinations</u>

We utilize the purchase method of accounting for business combinations. This method requires, among other things, that results of operations of acquired companies are included in Ondas' results of operations beginning on the respective acquisition dates and that assets acquired, and liabilities assumed are recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date. Any excess of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair values of the net assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. Contingent consideration liabilities are recognized at the estimated fair value on the acquisition date; these are recorded in either other accruals within current liabilities (for expected payments in less than a year) or other non-current liabilities (for expected payments in greater than a year), both on our consolidated balance sheets. Subsequent changes to the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities are recognized in other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Contingent consideration payments made soon after the acquisition date are classified as investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Contingent consideration payments not made soon after the acquisition date that are related to the acquisition date fair value are reported as financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows, and amounts paid in excess of the original acquisition date fair value are reported as operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The fair value of assets acquired, and liabilities assumed in certain cases, may be subject to revision based on the final determination of fair value during a period of time not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date. Legal costs, due diligence costs, business valuation costs and all other business acquisition costs are expensed when incurred.

<u>Goodwill and Intangible Assets</u>

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair values of the underlying net assets of an acquired business. The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year, or immediately if conditions indicate that such impairment could exist. The Company evaluates qualitative factors to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value and whether it is necessary to perform goodwill impairment process.

Intangible assets represent patents, licenses, software and allocation of purchase price to identifiable intangible assets of an acquired business. The Company estimates the fair value of its reporting units using the fair market value measurement requirement. Intangible assets are evaluated for impairment when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable.

We amortize our intangible assets with a finite life on a straight-line basis, over 3 years for software; 10 years for patents; 3-10 years for developed technology, 10 years for licenses, trademarks, marketing-related assets and the FAA waiver; 5 years for customer relationships; and 1 year for non-compete agreements.

<u>Segment Information</u>

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") in making decisions regarding resource allocation and performance assessment. The Company's CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company determined it has two reportable segments: Ondas Networks and OAS as the CODM reviews financial information for these two businesses separately. The Company has no inter-segment sales.

<u>Use of Estimates</u>

The process of preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Such management estimates include those relating to allocation of consideration for business combinations to identifiable tangible and intangible assets, revenue recognition, allowance for credit losses, inventory write-downs to reflect net realizable value, assumptions used in the valuation of stock-based awards and valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

<u>Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash</u>

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had no cash equivalents. Restricted cash includes cash that is not readily available for use in the Company's operating activities. At September 30, 2025, $398,841 of our restricted cash balance relates to minimum cash reserves required to be maintained to cover bank guarantees issued related to new customer orders at OAS. The bank guarantees are valid through June 30, 2026, unless earlier canceled. At September 30, 2025, $123,695 of our restricted cash balance relates to minimum cash reserves required to be maintained to cover bank guarantees issued related to operating leases at OAS and are valid through the respective lease terms. The remaining restricted cash balance at September 30, 2025 and at December 31, 2024, is attributable to minimum cash reserve requirements for Apeiro and Airobotics' credit cards. The Company periodically monitors its positions with, and the credit quality of, the financial institutions with which it invests. Periodically, throughout the nine months ended, and as of September 30, 2025, the Company has maintained balances in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insurance limits. As of September 30, 2025, the Company was $431,090,868 in excess of FDIC insured limits.

<u>Accounts Receivable</u>

Accounts receivable are stated at a gross invoice amount less an allowance for credit losses as well as net of any discounts or other forms of variable consideration. We estimate allowance for credit losses by evaluating specific accounts where information indicates our customers may have an inability to meet financial obligations, such as customer payment history, credit worthiness and receivable amounts outstanding for an extended period beyond contractual terms. We use assumptions and judgment, based on the best available facts and circumstances, to record an allowance to reduce the receivable to the amount expected to be collected. These allowances are evaluated and adjusted as additional information is received. We had an allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 of $6,279 and $0, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we recognized $0 of expense related to credit losses.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had $597,000 of trade receivables pledged under a factoring arrangement. The proceeds received of $537,416 are recorded as a liability for factored receivables within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The factor has recourse to the Company for uncollected amounts. The borrowings bear interest at approximately 4% and mature within 30 days of the transfer. The borrowing was repaid in October 2025.

<u>Investments in marketable equity securities</u>

The Company's investments in marketable equity securities are measured at fair value at each reporting date, with unrealized gains and losses recognized in Other income (expense), net in the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Realized gains and losses on sales of marketable equity securities are determined using the specific identification method and are included in Other income (expense), net in the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Dividend income is recognized on the ex-dividend date.

<u>Inventory</u>

Inventories, which consist solely of raw materials, work in process and finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value, net of reserves for obsolete inventory. We continually analyze our slow-moving and excess inventories. Based on historical and projected sales volumes and anticipated selling prices, we established reserves. Inventory that is in excess of current and projected use is reduced by an allowance to a level that approximates its estimate of future demand. Products that are determined to be obsolete are written down to net realizable value. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 such reserves were $221,044.

Inventory consists of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **September 30, <br> 2025** | **December 31, <br> 2024** |
| Raw Material | $6025644 | $4354121 |
| Work in Process | 1765494 | 306016 |
| Finished Goods | 4952905 | 5382599 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Less Inventory Reserves | (221044) | (221044) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Inventory, net | $12522999 | $9821692 |

---

<u>Property and Equipment</u>

All additions, including improvements to existing facilities, are recorded at cost. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation of property and equipment is principally recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives typically are (i) 3 years for computer equipment, (ii) 5 years for vehicles and base stations and drones, (iii) 7 - 17 years for furniture and fixtures, (iv) 3 to 7 years for development equipment and machinery and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Upon the disposal of property, the asset and related accumulated depreciation accounts are relieved of the amounts recorded therein for such items, and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in operating expenses in the year of disposition.

<u>Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</u>

Long-lived assets are evaluated whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable or the useful life has changed. Such indicators include significant technological changes, adverse changes in market conditions and/or poor operating results. The carrying value of a long-lived asset group is considered impaired when the projected undiscounted future cash flows are less than its carrying value. The amount of impairment loss recognized is the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of the asset or asset group. Fair market value is determined primarily using the projected future cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. There was no impairment of long-lived assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

<u>Research and Development</u>

Costs for research and development are expensed as incurred except for research and development equipment with alternative future use. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, salary related expenses and costs of contractors and materials.

<u>Government Grants</u>

The government grant liability was assumed through the acquisition of Airobotics and asset purchase of Iron Drone. Airobotics and Iron Drone receive government grants from the Israel Innovation Authority (formerly: the Office of the Chief Scientist in Israel, "the IIA"), and the grant funds are repayable to the extent that future economic benefits are expected from the research project that will result in royalty-bearing sales. A liability for grants received is first measured at fair value using a discount rate that reflects a market rate of interest. The difference between the amount of the grant received and the fair value of the liability is accounted for as a government grant and recognized as a reduction of research and development expenses.

At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether there is reasonable assurance that the liability recognized, in whole or in part, will not be repaid (since the Company will not be required to pay royalties) based on the best estimate of future sales and using the original effective interest method, which is 17-19%, and if so, the appropriate amount of the liability is derecognized through other income (expense). Amounts paid as royalties are treated as a reduction of the liability. Royalty payments are due every nine months. There is no maturity date. The liability exists until it is paid in full through royalty payments or the Company reports to the IIA there will be no further sales.

<u>Fair Value of Financial Instruments</u>

Our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist primarily of receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses and short- and long-term debt. The carrying amount of receivables, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate our fair value because of the short-term maturity of such instruments. Our financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include right of use assets, goodwill and intangibles, which are adjusted to fair value whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable or the useful life has changed. Our estimate of the fair value of right of use assets, goodwill and intangibles is based on expected future cash flows and actual results may differ from those estimates.

We have categorized our assets and liabilities that are valued at fair value on a recurring basis into a three-level fair value hierarchy in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).

Assets and liabilities recorded in the balance sheets at fair value are categorized based on a hierarchy of inputs, as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Level 1** -- | Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
| **Level 2** -- | Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. |
| **Level 3** -- | Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. |

---

The Company had no Level 3 assets that are required to be valued at fair value as of December 31, 2024. The Company had Level 3 assets that are required to be valued at fair value as of September 30, 2025. The fair value of the Company's investment in warrants in a publicly traded company was determined using a Black-Scholes Model. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the key assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Model are as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months <br> Ended <br> September 30,<br> 2025** |
| Stock price | $7.02 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 3.61% |
| Expected volatility | 96.85% |
| Remaining contractual life in years | 2.89 |
| Dividend yield | 0.00% |

---

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the Level 3 warrant assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Warrants** |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Warrants purchased, adjusted to fair value | 705862 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net gain on change in fair value | 1547701 |
| Balance as of September 30, 2025 | $2253563 |

---

The Company had Level 3 liabilities that are required to be valued at fair value as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The fair value of the government grant liability is determined as the sum of 3% royalty payments on forecasted future sales, discounted using the effective interest method. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company made the following assumptions: (i) royalty payments will be made on future sales through 2027, and (ii) the effective interest rate is a range of 17-19%. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the Level 3 government grant liability measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Government<br> Grant<br> Liability** |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $2557182 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment on liability | (148950) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Government grant proceeds received, adjusted to fair value | 208383 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss on change in fair value of liability | 354560 |
| Balance as of September 30, 2025 | $2971175 |

---

<u>Deferred Offering Costs</u>

The Company capitalizes certain legal, professional accounting and other third-party fees that are directly associated with in-process equity financing as deferred offering costs until such financing is consummated. After consummation of equity financing, these costs are recorded in stockholders' equity as a reduction of additional paid-in capital generated as a result of the offering. Should the planned equity financing be abandoned, the deferred offering costs are expensed immediately as a charge to other income (expense) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

<u>Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests</u>

In 2023 and 2024, Ondas Networks Inc. entered into multiple agreements with a third party for the sale of redeemable preferred stock in Ondas Networks (see Note 12 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest). The preferred stock accrues dividends at the rate per annum of eight percent (8%) of the original issue price and can be redeemed at the request of the Holder at any time after the fifth anniversary as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) In respect of the 2023
 investments, for the greater of two times the initial investment plus accrued dividends or the amount that would be due if the Preferred
 Stock was converted into Common Stock.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) In respect of the 2024
 investment, for the greater of one times the initial investment plus accrued dividends or the amount that would be due if the Preferred
 Stock was converted into Common Stock.

The applicable accounting guidance requires an equity instrument that is redeemable for cash or other assets to be classified outside of permanent equity if it is redeemable (a) at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date, (b) at the option of the holder, or (c) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of the issuer. As a result, the Company recorded the noncontrolling interest as redeemable noncontrolling interest and classified it in temporary equity within its consolidated balance sheet initially at its acquisition-date estimated redemption value or fair value. In addition, the Company has elected to accrete the redeemable noncontrolling interest to the full redemption value as of the earliest redemption date by accruing dividends at 8% per annum and accreting the redemption value to two and one times the initial investment, respectively, using the effective interest rate method.

<u>Income Taxes</u>

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the related temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized when the rate change is enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we recognize the effect of uncertain income tax positions only if the positions are more likely than not of being sustained in an audit, based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized uncertain income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which those changes in judgment occur. We recognize both interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of the income tax provision.

<u>Stock-based Compensation</u>

We calculate stock-based compensation expense for option awards ("Stock-based Award(s)") based on the estimated grant/issue date fair value using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model ("Black-Scholes Model") and recognize the expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. We account for forfeitures as they occur.

The Black-Scholes Model requires the use of a number of assumptions including volatility of the stock price, the weighted average risk-free interest rate, and the vesting period in determining the fair value of Stock-based Awards. The expected term is based on the "simplified method", due to the Company's limited option exercise history. Under this method, the term is estimated using the weighted average of the service vesting period and contractual term of the option award. As the Company does not yet have sufficient history of its own volatility, the Company has identified several public entities of similar size, complexities and industry and calculates historical volatility based on the volatilities of these companies. Although we believe our assumptions used to calculate stock-based compensation expense are reasonable, these assumptions can involve complex judgments about future events, which are open to interpretation and inherent uncertainty. In addition, significant changes to our assumptions could significantly impact the amount of expense recorded in a given period.

We recognize restricted stock unit expense over the period of vesting or period that services will be provided. Compensation associated with shares of Common Stock, issued or to be issued to consultants and other non-employees is recognized over the expected service period beginning on the measurement date, which is generally the time the Company and the service provider enter into a commitment whereby the Company agrees to grant shares in exchange for the services to be provided.

<u>Shipping and Handling</u>

We expense all shipping and handling costs as incurred. These costs are included in Cost of goods sold on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

<u>Advertising and Promotional Expenses</u>

We expense advertising and promotional costs as incurred. We recognized expense of $102,917 and $19,542 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and expense of $210,906 and $61,303 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. These costs are included in Sales and marketing on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

<u>Post-Retirement Benefits:</u>

We have one 401(k) Savings Plan that qualifies as a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under this 401(k) Plan, matching contributions are based upon the amount of the employees' contributions subject to certain limitations. We recognized expense of $95,842 and $56,325 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $215,013 and $199,811 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Apeiro and Airobotics' post-employment benefits are usually funded by deposits with insurance companies and are classified as defined deposit plans or defined benefit plans. Apeiro and Airobotics' have defined deposit plans, in accordance with Section 14 of Severance Compensation Israeli Law, 1963, according to which Apeiro and Airobotics regularly makes its payments without having a legal or implied obligation to make additional payments even if the fund has not accumulated sufficient amounts to pay all employee benefits, in the current period and in previous periods. Deposits to a defined benefit plan for severance pay or benefits, are recognized as an expense when deposited with the plan in parallel with receiving work services from the employee. All of Apeiro and Airobotics' employees in Israel are subject to Section 14 of Severance Compensation Israeli Law. We recognized expense of $388,191 and $211,392 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $955,004 and $583,890 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to these post-employment benefits.

<u>Revenue Recognition</u>

We derive our revenue from product sales, services, and development arrangements. We determine revenue recognition in accordance with *ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers* through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract (where revenue is allocated on a relative standalone selling price basis by maximizing the use of observable inputs to determine the standalone selling price for each performance obligation); and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the products or services it transfers to the customer.

Ondas has two business segments that generate revenue: Ondas Networks and OAS. Ondas Networks is engaged in the development, marketing, and sale of wireless radio systems for secure, wide area mission-critical, business-to-business networks. Ondas Networks generates revenue primarily from the sale of our FullMAX System and the delivery of related services, along with non-recurring engineering ("NRE") development projects with certain customers. OAS generates revenue through the sales of their Optimus System™, the Iron Drone Raider™, and separately priced support, maintenance and ancillary services directly related to the sale of the Optimus System™ and the Iron Drone Raider™.

*<u>Product Sales Revenue</u>*

 

Product revenue is generally recognized when the customer obtains control of our product, which occurs at a point in time, and may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual shipping terms of a contract, or upon installation when the combined performance obligation is not distinct within the context of the contract.

Ondas Networks' software and hardware, and OAS' Optimus System™ and Iron Drone Raider™, are sold with a limited one-year basic warranty included in the price. The limited one-year basic warranty is an assurance-type warranty, is not a separate performance obligation, and thus no transaction price is allocated to it. The nature of tasks under the limited one-year basic warranty only provides for remedying defective product(s) covered by the warranty.

 

 

*<u>Service and Subscription Revenue</u>*

 

Service revenue is comprised of separately priced support and maintenance sales, as well as ancillary services, directly related to product sales, including product training, installation, and onsite support. Ancillary service revenues are recognized at the point in time when those services have been provided to the customer and the performance obligation has been satisfied. The Company allocates the transaction price to the service based on the stand-alone selling prices of these performance obligations which are stated in our contracts.

OAS also generates service revenue by selling a data subscription service to its customers based on the information collected by their autonomous systems. The customer pays for a monthly, annual, or multi-annual subscription service to remotely access the data collected by their autonomous systems. Data subscription service revenue is recognized on straight line basis over the length of the customer subscription agreement. If a subscription payment is received prior to installation and operation of their autonomous systems, it is held in deferred revenue and recognized after operation commences over the length of the subscription service.

 

*<u>Development Revenue</u>*

Development revenue is comprised primarily of non-recurring engineering service contracts to develop software and hardware applications for various customers. For Ondas Networks, in 2025 and 2024, a significant portion of this revenue is generated from one parent customer whereby Ondas Networks is to develop such applications to interoperate within the customers infrastructure. For these contracts, Ondas Networks and the customers work cooperatively, whereby the customers' involvement is to provide technical specifications for the product design, as well as to review and approve the project progress at various markers based on predetermined milestones. The products developed are not able to be sold to any other customer and are based in part upon existing Ondas Networks and customer technology. Development revenue is typically recognized over time using a percentage of completion input method, whereby revenues are recorded on the basis of the Company's estimates of satisfaction of the performance obligation based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs. The input method is utilized because management considers it to be the best available measure of progress as the performance obligations are completed.

Revenue and cost estimates are regularly monitored and revised based on changes in circumstances. Impacts from changes in estimates of revenue and cost of revenue are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis, which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on the performance completed to date.

*<u>Payment Terms</u>*

Ondas Networks' payment terms are Net 30 days from the date of the invoices for product and services related revenue. OAS's payment terms vary and range from Net 30 days to Net 60 days from the date of the invoices for product and services related revenue. Payment terms for the majority of development related revenue carry milestone-related payment obligations which span the contract life. For milestone-based development contracts, the customer reviews the completed milestone and once approved, makes payment pursuant to the applicable contract.

*<u>Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations</u>*

Our contracts may contain more than one of the products and services listed above, each of which is separately accounted for as a distinct performance obligation. We account for multiple agreements with a single customer as a single contract if the contractual terms and/or substance of those agreements indicate that they may be so closely related that they are, in effect, parts of a single contract. We allocate the total transaction price to each distinct performance obligation in a multiple performance obligations arrangement on a relative standalone selling price basis. The standalone selling price reflects the price we would charge for a specific product or service if it were sold separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, we estimate the standalone selling price considering available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. If a contract contains a single performance obligation, no allocation is required.

 

 

*<u>Contract Modification</u>*

Contracts that are modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements are assessed to determine if the modification either creates new or changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. Generally, contract modifications are for products or services that are not distinct from the existing contract due to the inability to use, consume or sell the products or services on their own to generate economic benefits and are accounted for as if they were part of that existing contract. The effect of a contract modification on the transaction price and measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates is recognized as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, there were no modifications to contract specifications.

 

*<u>Disaggregation of Revenue</u>*

The following tables present our disaggregated revenues by type of revenue, timing of revenue, and revenue by country:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended <br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended <br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Type of Revenue: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Product revenue | $5444398 | $150668 | $12273391 | $175426 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Service and subscription revenue | 4591346 | 887747 | 7896114 | 1495887 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Development revenue | 62566 | 442377 | 450375 | 1392339 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue | $10098310 | $1480792 | $20619880 | $3063652 |

---

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Timing of Revenue: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revenue recognized point in time | $9446562 | $881004 | $19451210 | $1172969 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Revenue recognized over time | 651748 | 599788 | 1168670 | 1890683 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue | $10098310 | $1480792 | $20619880 | $3063652 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Geographic Region of Revenue, based on location services were provided or product was shipped to: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;United States | $172594 | $567838 | $528047 | $1319585 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;United Arab Emirates | 551476 | 346438 | 3808291 | 598525 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Europe | 2832 | 45323 | 3114220 | 311206 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Israel | 9358317 | 521193 | 13105159 | 824336 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;India | 13091 | - | 64163 | 10000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue | $10098310 | $1480792 | $20619880 | $3063652 |

---

*<u>Contract Assets and Liabilities</u>*

We recognize a receivable or contract asset when we perform a service or transfer a good in advance of receiving consideration. A receivable is recorded when our right to consideration is unconditional and only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due. A contract asset is recorded when we have recognized revenue over time in accordance with meeting our performance obligation but are unable to invoice the customer yet based on the contractual invoicing terms. The contract asset is reclassified to a receivable when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract assets are recorded at gross revenue recognized less an allowance for credit losses (see Accounts Receivable above). The table below details the activity in our contract assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024. Contract assets are included in Other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months<br> Ended<br> September 30,<br> 2025** | **Year Ended <br> December 31, <br> 2024** |
| Balance at beginning of period | $205911 | $819107 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract assets recognized | 5551023 | 322888 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reclassification to Accounts receivable, net | (2019527) | (936084) |
| Balance at end of period | $3737407 | $205911 |

---

We recognize a contract liability (deferred revenue) when we receive consideration from a customer, or if we have the unconditional right to consideration (i.e., a receivable), prior to satisfying the performance obligation. A contract liability is our obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which we have received consideration, or an amount of consideration is due from the customer. The table below details the activity in our contract liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended <br> September 30,<br> 2025** | **Year Ended <br> December 31, <br> 2024** |
| Balance at beginning of period | $329025 | $276944 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additions | 7987855 | 1596155 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transfer to revenue | (6219032) | (1439074) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transfer to general and administrative expense | - | (105000) |
| Balance at end of period | $2097848 | $329025 |

---

Revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 that was included in the contract liability opening balance was $21,056 and $159,400, respectively.

 

*<u>Warranty Reserve</u>*

For our software and hardware products, we provide a limited one-year assurance-type warranty and for our development service, we provide no warranties. The assurance-type warranty covers defects in material and workmanship only. If a software or hardware component is determined to be defective after being tested by the Company within the one-year, the Company will repair, replace or refund the price of the covered hardware and/or software to the customer (not including any shipping, handling, delivery or installation charges). We estimate, based upon a review of historical warranty claim experience, the costs that may be incurred under our warranties and record a liability in the amount of such estimate at the time a product is sold. Factors that affect our warranty liability include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and cost per claim. We periodically assess the adequacy of our recorded warranty liability and adjust the accrual as claims data and historical experience warrants. The Company has assessed the costs of fulfilling its existing assurance-type warranties and has determined that the estimated outstanding warranty obligation on September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are immaterial to the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

<u>Leases</u>

Under Topic 842, operating lease expense is generally recognized evenly over the term of the lease. As of March 31, 2025, the Company's operating leases consisted of office spaces in Sunnyvale, CA (the "Oakmead Lease"), Sparks, MD, Waltham, MA (the "Waltham Lease"), and Petah Tikva, Israel (the "Airobotics Leases").

On January 22, 2021, we entered into a 24-month lease (effective April 1, 2021) with the owner and landlord (the "2021 Gibraltar Lease"), wherein the base rate was $45,000 per month, with a security deposit in the amount of $90,000. On April 1, 2023, the Company amended the 2021 Gibraltar Lease to extend the lease through September 30, 2023, wherein the base rate was $65,676 per month. On November 6, 2023, the Company amended the 2021 Gibraltar Lease, as amended to further extend the lease through June 30, 2024, wherein the base rate was $68,959 per month. As of July 1, 2024, the lease was terminated.

On August 7, 2023, Ondas Networks entered into a 72-month lease agreement with the owner and landlord of office space in Sunnyvale, CA (the "Oakmead Lease"). The Oakmead Lease commenced on October 1, 2023, and is an operating lease through September 30, 2029. Base rent is $77,533 per month, increasing approximately 3% annually, with a security deposit due in the amount of $269,428. Base rent was abated during the first twelve months of the term of the lease.

On August 5, 2021, the Company acquired American Robotics and the American Robotics Lease, located in Marlborough, Massachusetts, wherein the base rate was $15,469 per month, with an annual increase of 3% through January 2024, with a security deposit of $24,166. On August 19, 2021, American Robotics amended the American Robotics Lease to reduce their space to approximately 10,450 square feet. The amendment reduced their annual base rent to $8,802 per month, with an annual increase of 3% through January 31, 2024. On November 10, 2023, American Robotics amended the American Robotics Lease, as amended to extend the existing lease term from January 31, 2024 to January 31, 2026 and to relinquish a portion of the leased outdoor space. The annual base rent was $14,586 per month starting February 1, 2024, with an annual increase of 3.5% through January 2026. As of September 30, 2024, the lease was terminated.

On October 8, 2021, American Robotics entered into an 86-month operating lease for space in Waltham, Massachusetts. The Waltham Lease commenced on March 1, 2022, and is scheduled to terminate on April 30, 2029, wherein the base rate is $39,375 per month, increasing 3% annually, with a security deposit due in the amount of $104,040.

On January 15, 2024, American Robotics entered into an agreement to sublet their full leased space, leasehold improvements, and remaining furniture and fixtures in Waltham, Massachusetts through April 30, 2029, the remaining lease term, for $22,920 per month from May 1, 2024 through April 30, 2025, then $41,250 per month from May 1, 2025 through April 30, 2029. The sublease is an operating lease.

On January 1, 2025, American Robotics entered into a 48-month operating lease agreement for office space in Sparks, Maryland through December 31, 2028, wherein base rent is $90,590 per year starting January 1, 2025, with an annual increase of 2% through December 31, 2028.

On January 23, 2023, the Company acquired Airobotics and the Airobotics Leases, which includes office space in Petah Tikva, Israel leased according to three different lease agreements. These agreements are with respect to different sections of the entire leased area and were in effect through December 31, 2023, February 28, 2024, and November 30, 2024 wherein the base rate of the entire leased area was approximately $20,500 per month. The expired leases were being accounted for on a month-to-month basis. On May 22, 2025, Airobotics entered into a new operating lease agreement for the office space in Petah Tikva, Israel effective through April 30, 2029, wherein base rent is approximately $22,000 per month.

On November 25, 2024, Airobotics entered into a 24-month lease agreement with the owner and landlord of office space in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (the "Dubai Office Lease"). The Dubai Office Lease commenced on December 1, 2024, and is an operating lease through December 2, 2026. Base rent for the full lease term is $272,262, which was paid in full in December 2024.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at the inception of the arrangement. If we determine that the arrangement is a lease, or contains a lease, at lease inception, we then determine whether the lease is an operating lease or finance lease. Operating and finance leases result in recording a right of use ("ROU") asset and lease liability on our consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. For purposes of calculating operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities, we use the non-cancellable lease term plus options to extend that we are reasonably certain to take. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Our leases generally do not provide an implicit rate. As such, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. This rate is generally consistent with the interest rate we pay on borrowings under our credit facilities, as this rate approximates our collateralized borrowing capabilities over a similar term of the lease payments. We have elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities that arise from short-term (12 months or less) leases for any class of underlying assets. We have elected not to separate lease and non-lease components for any class of underlying asset.

*Lease Costs*

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Components of total lease costs: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease expense | $324411 | $263714 | $886935 | $803026 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common area maintenance expense | 118071 | 106013 | 265372 | 401296 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term lease costs <sup>(1)</sup> | 35920 | 152504 | 73328 | 719826 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total lease costs | $478402 | $522231 | $1225635 | $1924148 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Represents short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months or less, which are immaterial.

*Lease Positions as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024*

ROU lease assets and lease liabilities for our operating leases were recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **September 30, <br> 2025** | **December 31,<br> 2024** |
| Assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease assets | $4534577 | $3921995 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total lease assets | $4534577 | $3921995 |
| Liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities, current | $1635116 | $1121565 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities, net of current | 5011647 | 4961967 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total lease liabilities | $6646763 | $6083532 |

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*Other Leases Information*

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended <br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended <br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Operating cash flows for operating leases | $1414064 | $684668 |
| Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) – operating lease | 3.51 | 4.72 |
| Weighted average discount rate – operating lease | 8.82% | 9.93% |

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*Undiscounted Leases Cash Flows*

Future lease payments included in the measurement of lease liabilities on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025, for the following five years and thereafter are as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Years ending December 31, <sup>(1)</sup>** | |
| 2025 (3 months) | $528658 |
| 2026 | 2107943 |
| 2027 | 2020884 |
| 2028 | 2041808 |
| 2029 | 1099753 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total future minimum lease payments | $7799046 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Less imputed interest | (1152283) |
| Total | $6646763 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Remaining non-cancellable sublease proceeds for the years ending December 31, 2025, 2026 - 2028, and 2029 of $123,750, $495,000, and $144,375, respectively, are not included in the table above.

<u>Net Loss Per Common Share</u>

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders (the numerator) by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding for each period (the denominator). Income available to common stockholders shall be computed by deducting the dividends accumulated for the period on cumulative preferred stock (whether or not earned) from net income.

The computation of diluted net loss per share is similar to the computation of basic net loss per share except that the numerator may have to adjust for any dividends and income or loss associated with potentially dilutive securities that are assumed to have resulted in the issuance of shares of Common Stock, and the denominator may have to adjust to include the number of additional shares of Common Stock that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential shares of Common Stock had been issued during the period to reflect the potential dilution that could occur from shares of Common Stock issuable through stock options, warrants, restricted stock units, or convertible preferred stock. For purposes of determining diluted earnings per common share, the treasury stock method is used for stock options, warrants, and restricted stock units, and the if-converted method is used for convertible preferred stock as prescribed in ASC Topic 260. Because of the net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the impact of including this in our computation of diluted net loss per share was anti-dilutive.

The following potentially dilutive securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three and Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three and Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Warrants to purchase Common Stock | 2603120 | 26490210 |
| Options to purchase Common Stock | 17360603 | 4687865 |
| Potential shares issuable under 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes | - | 56958660 |
| Potential shares issuable under 2023 Additional Notes | - | 29787651 |
| Restricted stock units | 4864101 | 118419 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total potentially dilutive securities | 24827824 | 118042805 |

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<u>Concentrations of Credit Risk</u>

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and accounts receivable. Cash is deposited with a limited number of financial institutions. The balances held at any one financial institution may be in excess of FDIC insurance limits. As of September 30, 2025, the Company was $431,090,868 in excess of FDIC insured limits.

Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. We generally do not require collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and maintain an allowance for credit losses.

<u>Concentration of Customers</u>

Because we have only recently invested in our customer service and support organization, a small number of customers have accounted for a substantial amount of our revenue. Revenue from significant customers, those representing 10% or more of total revenue, was composed of one customer accounting for 90% of the Company's revenue for the three-month period ended September 30, 2025. Revenue from significant customers was composed of three customers accounting for 59%, 18% and 15% of the Company's revenue for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, respectively. Revenue was composed of three customers accounting for 30%, 27% and 23% of the Company's revenue for the three-month period ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Revenue from significant customers was composed of four customers accounting for 45%, 19%, 13% and 12% of the Company's revenue for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Accounts receivable from significant customers, those representing 10% or more of the total accounts receivable, were composed of two customers accounting for 67%, and 11%, respectively, of the Company's accounts receivable balance as of September 30, 2025. Two customers accounted for 78% and 10%, respectively, of the Company's accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2024.

<u>Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements</u>

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-08, "Accounting for and Disclosure of Crypto Assets", which amends and enhances the disclosure requirements for crypto assets. The new requirements will be effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this pronouncement as of January 1, 2025 had no impact on our accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, as the Company has no crypto assets.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-04, "Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20): Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments". The amendments in ASU No. 2024-04 clarify the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion, applicable only to conversions that include the issuance of all equity securities issuable pursuant to the conversion privileges provided in the terms of the debt at issuance, and make additional clarifications to assist stakeholders in applying the guidance. For all entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The adoption of this pronouncement as of January 1, 2025 had no impact on our accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, as the Company's convertible debt instruments' conversion privileges were not changed to induce conversion.

<u>Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted</u>

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, which incorporates 14 of the 27 disclosures referred to by the SEC in their SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, issued on August 17, 2018. The amendments in this ASU modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of Topics in the Codification and apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected Topics unless otherwise indicated. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively. For public business entities, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC's removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. The Company has evaluated the effects of the adoption of ASU No. 2022-03, and it is not expected to have an impact on the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures", which requires companies to provide disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. The new requirements will be effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)". The amendments in ASU No. 2024-03 require disclosure, in the notes to financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses. The amendments require that at each interim and annual reporting period an entity: 1. Disclose the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory, (b) employee compensation, (c) depreciation, (d) intangible asset amortization, and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil and gas-producing activities (DD&A) (or other amounts of depletion expense) included in each relevant expense caption. A relevant expense caption is an expense caption presented on the face of the income statement within continuing operations that contains any of the expense categories listed in (a)–(e). 2. Include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under U.S. GAAP in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements. 3. Disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. 4. Disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity's definition of selling expenses. For all public business entities, the amendments in ASU No. 2024-03 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, which clarified the above effective dates for ASU No. 2024-03. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-03, "Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity", which require an entity involved in an acquisition transaction effected primarily by exchanging equity interests when the legal acquiree is a variable interest entity (VIE) that meets the definition of a business to consider the factors in paragraphs 805-10-55-12 through 55-15 to determine which entity is the accounting acquirer. The amendments in ASU No. 2025-03 replace the requirement that the primary beneficiary always is the acquirer with an assessment that requires an entity to consider the factors to determine which entity is the accounting acquirer. The amendments in ASU No. 2025-03 are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets", which provides all entities, including public business entities, with a practical expedient, which allows the entity to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset when developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses. The amendments in ASU No. 2025-05 should be applied prospectively and are effective for all entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted in both interim and annual reporting periods in which financial statements have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

**<u>NOTE 3 – INVESTMENTS IN MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES</u>**

Investments in marketable equity securities consist of publicly traded common stock and warrants exercisable for publicly traded common stock. Our investments in marketable equity securities are concentrated in three publicly traded companies, representing 32%, 32%, and 36% of total investments in equity securities as of September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, our beneficial ownership in each of the three publicly traded companies is less than 5%. The Company classifies its warrants within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because it uses unobservable inputs related to volatility to determine fair value. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 3 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The following table summarize the Company's investments in marketable equity securities:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **As of September 30, 2025** | **As of September 30, 2025** | **As of September 30, 2025** | **As of September 30, 2025** |
|  | **Fair Value<br> Hierarchy** | **Cost Basis** | **Gross<br> Unrealized<br> Gains** | **Fair Value** |
| Publicly traded stock | Level 1 | $10294137 | $5345576 | $15639713 |
| Warrants exercisable for publicly traded stock  | Level 3 | 705862 | 1547701 | 2253563 |
| Total |  | $10999999 | $6893277 | $17893276 |

---

The Company's investment in warrants exercisable for publicly traded stock allow us to purchase up to 500,000 shares of publicly traded common stock at an exercise price of $6.00 per share. The warrants are exercisable in whole or in part until August 20, 2028.

**<u>NOTE 4 – OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</u>**

Other current assets consist of the following:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **September 30, <br> 2025** | **December 31, <br> 2024** |
| Prepaid insurance | $562755 | $871856 |
| Prepaid income tax | 384979 | - |
| Dividend income receivable | 989161 | - |
| Advance to vendors | 1656328 | 1001818 |
| Contract asset | 3737407 | 205911 |
| VAT input credit | 570184 | 52375 |
| Prepaid software subscriptions | 470681 | 85441 |
| Other prepaid expenses and current assets | 554541 | 258955 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other current assets | $8926036 | $2476356 |

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**<u>NOTE 5 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT</u>**

Property and equipment consist of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **September 30, <br> 2025** | **December 31, <br> 2024** |
| Vehicles | $149916 | $149916 |
| Computer equipment | 828850 | 464661 |
| Furniture and fixtures | 422520 | 336682 |
| Leasehold improvements | 3784374 | 3612176 |
| Development equipment | 456686 | 456686 |
| Drones and base stations | 1012946 | 1012946 |
| Machinery and equipment | 166258 | 67821 |
| Total property and equipment | 6821550 | 6100888 |
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (4226051) | (3514197) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net property and equipment | $2595499 | $2586691 |

---

Depreciation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $195,954 and $190,332, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $565,643 and $424,637, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized no gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized no gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment and a loss on disposal of Computer equipment of $1,578, respectively. Gain or loss on disposal of property and equipment is included in Other income (expense), net in the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of September 30, 2025, there was $900,830 of net property and equipment located in Israel.

**<u>NOTE 6 – GOODWILL AND BUSINESS ACQUISITION</u>**

We account for acquisitions in accordance with FASB ASC 805, "Business Combinations" ("ASC 805"), and goodwill in accordance with ASC 350, "Intangibles — Goodwill and Other" ("ASC 350"). The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination is recorded as goodwill.

<u>Apeiro Transaction</u>

On August 31, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of Apeiro, pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement (the "Apeiro Acquisition Agreement"), by and among the Company, Apeiro, and the Apeiro shareholders. Pursuant to the Apeiro Acquisition Agreement, the Company acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding share capital of Apeiro.

The following table summarizes the consideration paid for Apeiro and the preliminary allocation of the purchase consideration to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Purchase price consideration:** | |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash | $12024896 |
| **<u>Estimated fair value of assets acquired:</u>** |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $5535975 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Certificates of deposit | 907229 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other current assets | 644854 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Property and equipment | 78494 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Intangible assets | 3982000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total estimated fair value of assets acquired | 11148552 |
| **<u>Estimated fair value of liabilities assumed:</u>** |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | 1534122 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Customer Prepayments | 3108382 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other payables | 624326 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred tax liability | 878839 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total estimated fair value of liabilities assumed | 6145669 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net Assets Acquired | $5002883 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill | $7022013 |

---

The intangible assets acquired include the developed technology (see Note 7 – Intangible Assets). The final purchase price allocation will be determined when the Company has completed the detailed valuations and necessary calculations. The final allocation could differ materially from the preliminary allocation. The final allocation may include (1) changes in fair values of property, plant and equipment, (2) changes in valuation of intangible assets such as developed technology, as well as goodwill and (3) other changes to assets and liabilities.

Goodwill represents the assembled workforce, acquired capabilities, and future economic benefits resulting from the acquisition. No portion of the goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.

Our results for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 include results from Apeiro between September 1, 2025 and September 30, 2025. The following unaudited pro forma information presents the Company's results of operations as if the acquisition of Apeiro had occurred on January 1, 2024. The pro forma results do not purport to represent what the Company's results of operations actually would have been if the transactions had occurred on January 1, 2024 or what the Company's operating results will be in future periods.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** |
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Revenue, net | $11495560 | $2449292 | $26208880 | $5969152 |
| Net loss attributable to common stockholders | $(8803649) | $(10678382) | $(36229446) | $(30918420) |
| Net loss per share – basic and diluted | $(0.03) | $(0.15) | $(0.21) | $(0.46) |

---

<u>Goodwill</u>

The Company has recognized goodwill primarily as part of the American Robotics acquisition in 2021, the Airobotics acquisition in 2023, and the Apeiro acquisition in August 2025. In December 2024, the Company bypassed the qualitative analysis and proceeded directly to a quantitative analysis. The Company engaged a third-party service provider to carry out a valuation of the OAS reporting unit. Using a discounted cash flow model and market approach model with updated forecasts for revenue and cash flows, it was determined that the fair value of the OAS reporting unit was higher than the carrying value as of December 31, 2024 and no impairment was necessary.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 are as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **OAS** |
| Balance as of January 1, 2024 and 2025 | $27751921 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill acquired | 7022013 |
| Balance as of September 30, 2025 | $34773934 |

---

**<u>NOTE 7 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS</u>**

The components of intangible assets, all of which are finite lived, were as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | |
|  | **Gross<br> Carrying<br> Amount** | **Accumulated<br> Amortization** | **Net<br> Carrying<br> Amount** | **Gross<br> Carrying<br> Amount** | **Accumulated<br> Amortization** | **Net<br> Carrying<br> Amount** | <br>**Useful<br> Life** |
| Patents | $185940 | $(76704) | $109236 | $165106 | $(58808) | $106298 | 10 |
| Patents in process | 112087 | - | 112087 | 103813 | - | 103813 | N/A |
| Licenses | 241909 | (132192) | 109717 | 241909 | (114048) | 127861 | 10 |
| Software | 332165 | (235523) | 96642 | 271852 | (208699) | 63153 | 3 |
| Trademarks | 3230000 | (1341469) | 1888531 | 3230000 | (1099226) | 2130774 | 10 |
| FAA waiver | 5930000 | (2462821) | 3467179 | 5930000 | (2018084) | 3911916 | 10 |
| Developed technology | 31959331 | (10796542) | 21162789 | 27977331 | (8564502) | 19412829 | 3 - 10 |
| Non-compete agreements | 840000 | (840000) | - | 840000 | (840000) | - | 1 |
| Marketing-related assets | 890000 | (238290) | 651710 | 890000 | (171540) | 718460 | 10 |
| Customer relationships | 1084670 | (562280) | 522390 | 1010000 | (407047) | 602953 | 5 |
|  | $44806102 | (16685821) | 28120281 | $40660011 | $(13481954) | $27178057 |  |

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Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $1,086,692 and $1,056,141, respectively. Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $3,203,867 and $3,161,729, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for the next five years for the intangible assets currently being amortized is as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Year Ending December 31,** | **Estimated<br> Amortization** |
| 2025 (3 months) | $1166740 |
| 2026 | 4619177 |
| 2027 | 4608009 |
| 2028 | 4318574 |
| 2029 | 4270960 |
| Thereafter | 9136821 |
| Total | $28120281 |

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**<u>NOTE 8 – LONG-TERM EQUITY INVESTMENT</u>**

On August 12, 2025, the Company purchased a non-controlling interest in Rift Dynamics AS ("Rift"), a Norway-based defense technology company specializing in affordable, mass-producible combat drone systems, for the aggregate price of $587,250 representing approximately 10% ownership in Rift at the time of the investment.

This long-term equity investment consists of an equity investment in a private company through common stock that is accounted for at cost, with adjustments for observable changes in prices or impairments, and is classified as long-term equity investment on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets with adjustments recognized in Other (expense) income, net on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has determined that the equity investment does not have a readily determinable fair value and elected the measurement alternative. Therefore, the equity investment's carrying amount will be adjusted to fair value at the time of the next observable price change for the identical or similar investment of the same issuer or when an impairment is recognized. Each reporting period, the Company performs a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether the investment is impaired. The assessment includes a review of recent operating results and trends, recent sales/acquisitions of the investee securities, and other publicly available data. If the investment is impaired, the Company writes it down to its estimated fair value. As of September 30, 2025 the long-term equity investment had a carrying value of $587,250.

**<u>NOTE 9 – ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES</u>**

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **September 30,<br> 2025** | **December 31,<br> 2024** |
| Accrued payroll and other benefits | $3607229 | $1907175 |
| D&O insurance financing payable | 61586 | 326716 |
| Accrued professional fees | 631638 | 191152 |
| VAT payable | 324890 | 385279 |
| Accrued interest | 711873 | 1673627 |
| Accrued purchases | 639362 | 82841 |
| Accrued income tax | 549493 | - |
| Liability for factored receivables | 537416 | - |
| Other accrued expenses and payables | 305408 | 152424 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $7368895 | $4719214 |

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**<u>NOTE 10 – NOTES PAYABLE</u>**

<u>2017 Convertible Promissory Note</u>

On September 14, 2017, the Company and an individual entered into a convertible promissory note with unilateral conversion preferences by the individual (the "2017 Convertible Promissory Note"). On July 11, 2018, the Company's Board approved certain changes to the 2017 Convertible Promissory Note wherein the conversion feature was changed from unilateral to mutual between the individual and the Company.

The Company may at any time on or after a qualified public offering convert any unpaid repayment at the IPO conversion price. The conversion price is the lesser of the (i) price per share of Common Stock sold in the Qualified Public Offering, discounted by 20%, and (ii) the price per share of Common Stock based on a pre-money Company valuation of $50 million on a Fully Diluted Basis.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the total outstanding balance of the 2017 Convertible Promissory Note was $300,000. The maturity date of the 2017 Convertible Promissory Note is based on the payment of 0.6% of quarterly gross revenue until 1.5 times the amount of the 2017 Convertible Promissory Note is paid. Accrued interest on September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 was $23,171 and $20,041, respectively. Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $7,500 and $11,250, respectively.

<u>2022 Convertible Exchange Notes</u>

On October 28, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with certain investors pursuant to which we issued convertible notes ("2022 Convertible Promissory Notes") in the principal amount of $34.5 million, with a debt discount of $4.5 million and issuance costs of $2.3 million. The net amount of proceeds to us from the 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes after deducting the placement agent's fees and transaction expenses (issuance costs) were approximately $27,703,000. The Company has used the net proceeds of the 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes for general corporate purposes, including funding capital, expenditures, or the expansion of its business and providing working capital.

On January 20, 2023, the Company entered into an Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement ("Amended SPA"). The Amended SPA amends the notes as described below and was accounted for as a modification of the Purchase Agreement.

Pursuant to the terms of the Amended SPA, on January 20, 2023, the Company exchanged the 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, into 3% Senior Convertible Notes Due 2024 (the "2022 Convertible Exchange Notes").

The 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes are identical in all material respects to the 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes, except that they (i) are issued pursuant to the Base Indenture (as defined below) and the First Supplemental Indenture (as defined below); (ii) have a maturity date of October 28, 2024; (iii) allow for the Acceleration of Installment Amounts (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes) not to exceed eight (8) times the Installment Amount (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes) with respect to the Installment Date (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes) related to the Current Acceleration (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes); and (iv) modify the Acceleration Conversion Price (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes).

The 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes were issued pursuant to the first supplemental indenture (the "First Supplemental Indenture"), dated as of January 20, 2023, between the Company and Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as trustee (the "Trustee"). The First Supplemental Indenture supplements the indenture entered into by and between the Company and the Trustee, dated as of January 20, 2023 (the "Base Indenture" and, together with the First Supplemental Indenture, the "Initial Indenture"). The Initial Indenture has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, and the terms of the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes include those set forth in the Initial Indenture and those made part of the Initial Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act.

On July 21, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement and waiver with the holder of the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes (the "Agreement and Waiver," together with the Purchase Agreement and Amended SPA, the "SPA") that included (i) extending the Maturity Date to from October 28, 2024 to April 28, 2025; (ii) waive the last sentence of Section 8(e) of the Notes (such that last sentence of Section 8(e) of the Notes shall have no further force and effect) (the "Acceleration Waiver"); (iii) reduce the Conversion Price of the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes to the lower of (A) the Conversion Price then in effect and (B) the greater of (x) the Floor Price (as defined in the Notes) then in effect and (y) 125% of the lowest volume weighted average price ("VWAP") of the Common Stock during the five (5) consecutive Trading Day period ending and including the Trading Day immediately prior to the effective date; provided, that, in addition, during the period commencing on the effective date through and including September 30, 2023, the conversion price of the Notes, solely with respect to voluntary conversions of such aggregate Conversion Amount of the Notes not in excess of such aggregate Current Installment Amounts of such applicable period (or otherwise eligible to be converted in one or more Accelerations during such applicable period), shall be further lowered to the Installment Conversion Price (as defined in the Existing Note) in effect for the Installment Date (as defined in the Existing Note) of the Existing Note of July 3, 2023; (iv) to extend the Additional Closing Expiration Date to April 28, 2026; and (v) increase the aggregate principal amount of Notes issuable in one or more Additional Closings to $46,000,000. This agreement was accounted for as a modification.

The 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes bear interest at the rate of 3% per annum. The 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes are payable in monthly installments beginning on November 1, 2022 through the maturity date of April 28, 2025 (each such date, an "Installment Date"). On each Installment Date, we will make monthly payments by converting the applicable "Installment Amount" (as defined below) into shares of our Common Stock (an "Installment Conversion"), subject to satisfaction of certain equity conditions, including a minimum $1.50 share price, $500,000 minimum daily volume, and maintaining continued Nasdaq listing requirements among other conditions. If these conditions are not met, installments can be requested in cash. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we made no cash payments, and we issued 8,956,644 and 340,855 common shares as a result of Installment Conversion, respectively. At each Installment Date the note holder may defer some or all of the amount due until the subsequent Installment Date. In between Installment Dates, the note holder also has the option to accelerate certain portions of principal due. At each Installment Date the price used to exchange outstanding notes into Common Stock is based on the lower of (A) 92% of the lowest VWAP of the respective previous five trading days; and (B) the Floor Price ($0.32 as of December 31, 2024). The maximum conversion price is $1.50 per share.

The "Installment Amount" will equal:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) for all Installment Dates other than the maturity date, the lesser of (x) the Holder Pro Rata Amount of $1,437,500 and (y) the principal amount then outstanding under the Note; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) on the maturity date, the principal amount then outstanding under the Note.

Each month, the note holders may accelerate a portion of the note due up to eight times the minimum Installment Amount of $1,437,500.

As of September 30, 2025, the 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes have been repaid in full, and the remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $33,863 was taken to additional paid in capital.

<u>2023 Additional Notes</u>

On July 24, 2023, pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, as amended, an Investor elected to purchase 3% Series B-2 Senior Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $11.5 million (the "2023 Additional Notes"), which 2023 Additional Notes are convertible into shares of Common Stock under certain conditions more fully described in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes discussed above. The 2023 Additional Notes have an original issue discount of approximately thirteen percent (13%) resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $10.0 million. The Company currently intends to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which includes funding capital expenditures and working capital. The 2023 Additional Notes have a maturity date of July 25, 2025. The 2023 Additional Notes were issued pursuant to the second supplemental indenture, dated as of July 25, 2023, between the Company and the Trustee (the "Second Supplemental Indenture," and together with the Base Indenture, the "Second Indenture"). The Second Supplemental Indenture supplements the Base Indenture. The Second Indenture has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, and the terms of the Additional Notes include those set forth in the Second Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act.

The 2023 Additional Notes bear interest at the rate of 3% per annum. The 2023 Additional Notes are payable in monthly installments beginning on August 1, 2023 through the maturity date of July 24, 2025 (each such date, an "2023 Installment Date"). On each 2023 Installment Date, we will make monthly payments by converting the applicable 2023 Installment Amount (as defined above under the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes) into shares of our Common Stock (a "2023 Installment Conversion"), subject to satisfaction of certain equity conditions, including a minimum $1.50 share price, $500,000 minimum daily volume, and maintaining continued Nasdaq listing requirements among other conditions. If these conditions are not met, installments can be requested in cash. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we made no cash payments, and we issued 15,636,297 common shares as a result of Installment Conversion. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we made no cash payments and issued no common shares as a result of the note holder deferring all 2023 Installment Conversions. At each Installment Date the note holder may defer some or all of the amount due until the subsequent Installment Date. In between Installment Dates, the note holder also has the option to accelerate certain portions of principal due. At each Installment Date the price used to exchange outstanding notes into Common Stock is based on the greater of (x) the Floor Price ($0.40 as of December 31, 2024) and (y) 92% of the lowest VWAP of the prospective five trading days. The maximum conversion price is $1.45 per share.

As of September 30, 2025, the 2023 Additional Notes have been repaid in full, and the remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $174,415 was taken to additional paid in capital.

<u>2024 Additional Notes</u>

On December 3, 17, and 31, 2024, pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, as amended, an Investor elected to purchase 3% Series B-2 Senior Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $4.1 million, $11.5 million, and $18.9 million, respectively, (the "2024 Additional Notes," together with the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes and 2023 Additional Notes, the "Notes"), which 2024 Additional Notes are convertible into shares of Common Stock under certain conditions more fully described in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes discussed above. The 2024 Additional Notes have an original issue discount of approximately thirteen percent (13%) resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $30.1 million. The Company currently intends to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes and will be primarily allocated to supporting the growth of our drone business at OAS. The 2024 Additional Notes have a maturity date of December 3, 17, and 31, 2026, respectively. The 2024 Additional Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture entered into by and between the Company and the Trustee, dated as of December 3, 2024 (the "2024 Base Indenture"). The 2024 Base Indenture was supplemented by three supplemental indentures (the "2024 Indentures", dated as of December 3, 17 and 31, 2024, between the Company and the Trustee. The 2024 Indentures have been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, and the terms of the 2024 Additional Notes include those set forth in the 2024 Indentures and those made part of the 2024 Indentures by reference to the Trust Indenture Act.

The 2024 Additional Notes bear interest at the rate of 3% per annum. The 2024 Additional Notes are payable in monthly installments beginning on January 1, 2025, through the maturity date of December 3, 17, and 31, 2026, respectively, (each such date, an "2024 Installment Date"). On each 2024 Installment Date, we will make monthly payments by converting the applicable 2024 Installment Amount (as defined above under the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes) into shares of our Common Stock (an "2024 Installment Conversion"), subject to satisfaction of certain equity conditions, including a minimum $1.50 share price, $500,000 minimum daily volume, and maintaining continued Nasdaq listing requirements among other conditions. If these conditions are not met, installments can be requested in cash. At each 2024 Installment Date the note holder may defer some or all of the amount due until the subsequent 2024 Installment Date. In between 2024 Installment Dates, the note holder also has the option to accelerate certain portions of principal due. At each 2024 Installment Date the price used to exchange outstanding notes into Common Stock is based on the greater of (x) the Floor Price ($0.17, $0.20, and $0.50, respectively, as of December 31, 2024) and (y) 92% of the lowest VWAP of the prospective five trading days. The maximum conversion price is $0.80, $0.88, and $1.60 per share, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we made no cash payments, and we issued 42,313,703 common shares as a result of Installment Conversion. As of September 30, 2025, the December 3, 2024 note with original principal amount of $4.1 million and the December 31, 2024 note with original principal amount of $18.9 million were repaid in full, and the remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $2,030,073 was taken to additional paid in capital.

As of September 30, 2025, the 2024 Additional Notes have been repaid in full, and the remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $755,201 was taken to additional paid in capital.

As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes, 2023 Additional Notes, and 2024 Additional Notes was $44,617,229, net of unamortized debt discount of $4,746,547 and unamortized issuance costs of $1,801,013. Accrued interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $0 and $1,558,615, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $6,623 and amortization expense of $0 related to the debt discount and issuance costs for the 2024 Additional Notes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $495,014 and amortization expense of $3,554,007 related to the debt discount and issuance costs for the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes, 2023 Additional Notes, and 2024 Additional Notes. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized interest expense of $229,125 and amortization expense of $400,358 related to the debt discount and issuance costs for the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes and 2023 Additional Notes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized interest expense of $703,786 and amortization expense of $1,395,063 related to the debt discount and issuance costs for the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes and 2023 Additional Notes. Interest expense and amortization expense of the debt discount and issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

<u>Ondas Networks Convertible Notes</u>

On July 8, 2024 and July 23, 2024, Charles & Potomac Capital, LLC, ("C&P"), an entity affiliated with Joseph Popolo, a former director of the Company, elected to purchase Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $700,000 and $800,000, respectively, (the "July Networks Convertible Notes"). The July Networks Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of Common Stock of Ondas Networks, $0.00001 par value per share (the "Networks Common Stock") or preferred stock of Networks, $0.00001 par value per share ("Networks Preferred Stock") under certain conditions. The Company used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which includes funding capital expenditures and working capital. The July Networks Convertible Notes bear interest at the rate of 6% per annum.

On November 13, 2024, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 13, 2024, by and between Networks and a private investor group (the "November Networks SPA"), multiple investors elected to purchase Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $2,069,017 (the "November Networks Convertible Notes"), of which $1,000,000 was purchased by C&P. The November Networks Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of Networks Common Stock or Networks Preferred Stock under certain conditions. The Company used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which includes funding capital expenditures and working capital.

On January 15, 2025, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 15, 2025, by and between Networks, the Company, and a private investor group (the "January Networks SPA," together with the November Networks SPA, the "Networks SPA"), multiple investors elected to purchase Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $2,930,983 (the "January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes," together with the July Networks Convertible Notes and November Networks Convertible Notes, the "Ondas Networks Convertible Notes"), of which $2,000,000 is from the Company. The November Networks Convertible Notes and January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes will (i) bear an interest rate of 10% per annum, (ii) have an amended maturity date of December 31, 2025, (iii) be secured by all assets of Networks, provided however such secured obligation shall be subordinate to that certain secured note, dated September 3, 2024, by and between Networks and C&P, and (iv) at the option of C&P be convertible into equity securities of Networks upon the closing (a) a Corporate Transaction (as defined in the November Networks Convertible Notes and January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes) or (b) a subsequent offering of securities of Networks. The $2,000,000 in Convertible Notes held by the Company has been eliminated in the consolidated financials.

On November 13, 2024 and January 15, 2025, in connection with the November Networks Convertible Notes and January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes, respectively, Networks issued the investors warrants to purchase $2,069,017 and $2,930,983, respectively, in shares of Networks Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $20.65 per share, of which $2,000,000 is to the Company and has been eliminated in the consolidated financials. The number of warrants exercisable under the Networks SPA is calculated by $5,000,000 divided by the Conversion Price, which is the amount equal to the price per share of the most senior series of Networks Preferred Stock issued to investors in Networks' next equity financing date, or if none, then $41.3104. The warrants are exercisable commencing November 13, 2024 through November 13, 2029 and January 15, 2025 through January 15, 2030, respectively. The Company engaged a third-party service provider to carry out an appraisal of the warrants, who ran a Black-Scholes Model to determine the fair value of the warrants as of November 13, 2024 and January 15, 2025, which was $1,220,498 and $549,154, respectively. The initial valuation was assigned to the November Networks Convertible Notes and January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes and the warrants based on their relative fair values, resulting in a total relative fair value of $1,113,063 for the warrants, which was recorded as debt discount.

In the event Ondas Networks consummates an additional equity financing prior to the maturity date, the principal balance and unpaid accrued interest on the Ondas Networks Convertible Notes will be convertible at the option of the Investor into conversion shares upon closing of the next round of equity financing.

On July 3, 2025, the Company amended the Ondas Networks Convertible Notes to extend the maturity date to December 31, 2025. The amendment was accounted for as a debt modification under ASC 470-50.

As of September 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the Ondas Networks Convertible Notes was $4,323,437, net of unamortized debt discount of $169,133 and unamortized issuance costs of $7,430. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the July Networks Convertible Notes and November Networks Convertible Notes was $2,873,625, net of unamortized debt discount of $650,843 and unamortized issuance costs of $44,549. Accrued interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $357,575 and $40,932, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $98,301, and amortization expense of $180,575 related to debt discount and issuance costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $316,643 and amortization expense of $871,856 related to debt discount and issuance costs. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized interest expense of $18,493 and amortization expense of $3,979 related to the issuance costs. The remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs will be amortized straight line over the extended term of the loan, as there was no material difference when compared to amortization via the effective interest method under ASC 835. Interest expense and amortization expense related to issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

<u>OAS Convertible Notes</u>

In October and December 2024, multiple investors elected to purchase Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $5,200,000, (the "OAS Convertible Notes"), of which $2,000,000 was purchased by C&P and $1,000,000 was purchased by Privet Ventures LLC, an entity affiliated with Eric Brock, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and OAS. The OAS Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of OAS common stock, par value per share $0.0001, or OAS preferred stock under certain conditions. The Company currently intends to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which includes funding capital expenditures and working capital. The OAS Convertible Notes bear interest at the rate of 5% per annum. On September 29, 2025, the Company amended the OAS Convertible Notes to extend the maturity date from September 30, 2025 to January 1, 2026. The amendment was accounted for as a debt modification under ASC 470-50.

In the event OAS consummates the next round of equity financing prior to the maturity date, the principal balance and unpaid accrued interest on the OAS Convertible Notes will be automatically converted into conversion shares upon closing of the next round of equity financing.

As of September 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the OAS Convertible Notes was $5,200,000, net of unamortized issuance costs of $0. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the OAS Convertible Notes was $5,162,570, net of unamortized issuance costs of $37,430. Accrued interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $228,753 and $36,973, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $64,110 and amortization expense of $12,908 related to the issuance costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $191,781 and amortization expense of $37,430 related to the issuance costs. Interest expense and amortization expense related to issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

<u>Ondas Networks Secured Note</u>

On September 3, 2024, Networks entered into a Security Note Agreement (the "C&P Security Agreement") with C&P, in which, Networks may draw, and C&P shall loan Networks, up to $1,500,000 (the "Networks Secured Loan"). Pursuant to the C&P Security Agreement, Networks issued C&P a secured note in the amount of $1,500,000, which amount may be increased or decreased by the mutual written agreement of the parties thereto (the "Networks Secured Note"). The Networks Secured Note (i) bears interest at a rate of 8% per annum, (ii) has an amended maturity date of December 31, 2025, and (iii) is secured by all assets of Networks. As of December 31, 2024, Networks has drawn a total of $1,500,000 on the Networks Secured Note.

On September 3, 2024 and October 7, 2024, pursuant to the C&P Security Agreement, Networks issued C&P warrants to purchase $1,000,000 and $500,000, respectively, in shares of Networks Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of $20.65 per share. The number of warrants exercisable under the C&P Security Agreement is calculated by $1,500,000 divided by the Conversion Price, which is the amount equal to the price per share of the most senior series of Networks Preferred Stock issued to investors in Networks' next equity financing date, or if none, then $41.3104. The warrants are exercisable commencing September 3, 2024 through September 3, 2029 and October 7, 2024 through October 7, 2029, respectively. The Company engaged a third-party service provider to carry out an appraisal of the warrants, who ran a Black-Scholes Model to determine the fair value of the warrants as of September 3, 2024 and October 7, 2024, which was $589,924 and $294,950, respectively. The initial valuation was assigned to the Networks Secured Note and the warrants based on their relative fair values, resulting in a total relative fair value of $556,554 for the warrants, which was recorded as debt discount.

As of September 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the Networks Secured Note was $1,500,000. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the Networks Secured Note was $1,273,215, net of unamortized debt discount of $201,136 and unamortized issuance costs of $25,649. Accrued interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $125,545 and $37,107, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $29,589 and amortization expense of $0 related to the debt discount and issuance costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $88,438 and amortization expense of $226,784 related to the debt discount and issuance costs. Interest expense and amortization expense related to issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

<u>Government Grant Liability</u>

Airobotics has received grants from the Israel Innovation Authority ("IIA") to finance its research and development programs in Israel, through which Airobotics received IIA participation payments in the aggregate amount of approximately $4.0 million through September 30, 2025. All of these are royalty-bearing grants. In return, Airobotics is committed to pay IIA royalties at a rate of 3% of future sales of the developed products, up to 100% of the amounts of grants received plus interest at LIBOR. Through September 30, 2025, approximately $880,000 in royalties have been paid to the IIA. The Company made royalty payments of $148,950 and $0 during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company's royalty liability to the IIA as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, including grants received by Airobotics and the associated LIBOR interest on all such grants, was $2,971,175 and $2,557,182, respectively. The increase (decrease) in fair value of the government grant liability, including LIBOR interest expense accrued, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $354,560 and $(462,710), respectively, which is included in Change in fair value of government grant liability on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

**<u>NOTE 11 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY</u>**

<u>Common Stock</u>

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had 400,000,000 and 300,000,000 shares of Common Stock authorized for issuance, respectively, of which 329,515,817 and 93,173,191 shares of our Common Stock were issued and outstanding, respectively.

<u>Preferred Stock</u>

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001, authorized, of which 5,000,000 shares are designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series A Preferred") and 5,000,000 shares are non-designated ("blank check," together with the Series A Preferred, the "Preferred Shares") shares. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no preferred stock outstanding.

*Form S-3*

On February 2, 2024, the Company initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") a new shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 for up to $175,000,000, which represents $150,000,000 under the Prior Form S-3 and an additional $25,000,000 (the "Form S-3"), for shares of its Common Stock; shares of its preferred stock, which the Company may issue in one or more series or classes; debt securities, which the company may issue in one or more series; warrants to purchase its Common Stock, preferred stock or debt securities; and units. The Form S-3 was declared effective by the SEC on February 15, 2024.

On April 18, 2025, the Company initially filed with the SEC a new shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 for up to $225,000,000 (the "New Form S-3"), for shares of its Common Stock; shares of its preferred stock, which the Company may issue in one or more series or classes; debt securities, which the company may issue in one or more series; warrants to purchase its Common Stock, preferred stock or debt securities; and units. The New Form S-3 was declared effective by the SEC on April 25, 2025.

 

On September 9, 2025, the Company filed with the SEC an automatic shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3ASR (the "Form S-3ASR") and was automatically effective upon filing on September 9, 2025, for shares of its Common Stock; shares of its preferred stock, which the Company may issue in one or more series or classes; debt securities, which the company may issue in one or more series; warrants to purchase its Common Stock, preferred stock or debt securities; and units.

 

*Stock Issued for Convertible Debt*

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company issued 73,857,218 shares of its Common Stock to the lenders in lieu of cash payments for $2,053,628 of interest and $51,164,790 of outstanding principal on the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes, 2023 Additional Notes, and 2024 Additional Notes (See Note 10 – Notes Payable for further details).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued 3,708,286 shares of its Common Stock to the lenders in lieu of cash payments for $4,375 of outstanding interest and $2,075,000 of outstanding principal on the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes (See Note 10 – Notes Payable for further details).

<u>June 2025 Public Offering</u>

On June 9, 2025, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the "June 2025 Underwriting Agreement") with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., as sole underwriter (the "June Underwriter"), relating to the Company's underwritten public offering (the "June 2025 Public Offering") of 22,400,000 shares (the "June 2025 Firm Shares") of its Common Stock and pre-funded warrants (the "June Pre-Funded Warrants") to purchase up to 9,600,000 shares of Common Stock (the "June Pre-Funded Warrant Shares"). Pursuant to the June 2025 Underwriting Agreement, the Company also granted the Underwriter a 30-day option (the "June Option") to purchase an additional 4,800,000 shares of Common Stock (the "June Option Shares," and together with the June Firm Shares, the "June Shares").

On June 10, 2025, the June Underwriter exercised the June Option in full. The June Shares and June Pre-Funded Warrants were offered, issued, and sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus that form part of the New Form S-3.

On June 11, 2025, the Company closed the June 2025 Public Offering and issued the June Shares and June Pre-Funded Warrants. The public offering price for each June Share was $1.25 and the public offering price for each June Pre-Funded Warrant was $1.2499. The June Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.0001 per share, are immediately exercisable and will expire three years from the date of issuance. As of September 30, 2025, the June Pre-Funded Warrants have been exercised in full. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $42,677,000 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company.

The table below details the net proceeds of the June 2025 Public Offering.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Gross Proceeds: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Initial Closing | $39999040 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Option Closing | 6000000 |
|  | 45999040 |
| Offering Costs: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Underwriting discounts and commissions | (2500000) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other offering costs | (821957) |
| Net Proceeds | $42677083 |

---

The Company will use the net proceeds of the June 2025 Public Offering for general corporate purposes, including funding capital expenditures and providing working capital.

<u>August 2025 Public Offering</u>

On August 13, 2025, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the "August 2025 Underwriting Agreement") with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., as representative of the several underwriters (the "August Underwriters"), relating to the Company's underwritten public offering (the "August 2025 Public Offering") of 46,160,000 shares (the "August Firm Shares") of its Common Stock. Pursuant to the August 2025 Underwriting Agreement, the Company also granted the August Underwriters a 30-day option (the "August Option") to purchase an additional 6,924,000 shares of Common Stock (the "August Option Shares," and together with the August Firm Shares, the "August Shares").

On August 14, 2025, the August Underwriters exercised the August Option in full, and the Company closed the August 2025 Public Offering and issued the August Shares. The August Shares were offered, issued, and sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus that form part of the New Form S-3. The public offering price for each August Share was $3.25. The net proceeds to the Company from the August 2025 Public Offering are approximately $162,636,000, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

The table below details the net proceeds of the August 2025 Public Offering.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Gross Proceeds: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Initial Closing | $150020000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Option Closing | 22503000 |
|  | 172523000 |
| Offering Costs: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Underwriting discounts and commissions | (9488765) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other offering costs | (398025) |
| Net Proceeds | $162636210 |

---

The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the August 2025 Public Offering for working capital, general corporate purposes and potential strategic transactions, including acquisitions of businesses or assets, joint ventures or investments in businesses, products or technologies.

<u>September 2025 Offering</u>

On September 9, 2025, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the "September 2025 Underwriting Agreement") with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., as representative of the several underwriters (the "September Underwriters"), relating to the Company's underwritten offering (the "September 2025 Offering") of 40,000,000 shares (the "September Firm Shares") of its Common Stock. Pursuant to the September 2025 Underwriting Agreement, the Company also granted the September Underwriters a 30-day option (the "September Option") to purchase an additional 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock (the "September Option Shares," and together with the September Firm Shares, the "September Shares"). On September 9, 2025, the Underwriters exercised the September Option in full.

On September 10, 2025, the Company closed the September 2025 Offering and issued the September Shares. The September Shares were offered, issued, and sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus that form part of the Form S-3ASR. The offering price for each September Share was $5.00. The net proceeds to the Company from the September 2025 Offering are approximately $216,995,000, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company.

The table below details the net proceeds of the September 2025 Offering.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Gross Proceeds: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Initial Closing | $200000000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Option Closing | 30000000 |
|  | 230000000 |
| Offering Costs: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Underwriting discounts and commissions | (12650000) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other offering costs | (354595) |
| Net Proceeds | $216995405 |

---

The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the September 2025 Offering for corporate development and strategic growth, including acquisitions, joint ventures, and investments.

<u>Sale of Common Stock in Ondas Holdings and Warrants to Purchase Common Stock of OAS</u>

On February 26, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the "Ondas Agreement") with certain purchasers named therein (the "Ondas Purchasers") for the purchase and sale of (i) an aggregate of 3,616,071 shares (the "2024 Holdings Shares") of Common Stock and (ii) warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,616,071 shares of OAS' common stock $0.0001 par value per share, at an exercise price of 80% of the lowest price of common stock of OAS issued in a subsequent financing of at least $10,000,000 to OAS, and exercisable commencing ninety days following the date of issuance through the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance (the "OAS Warrants," and together with the 2024 Holdings Shares, the "Ondas Offering Securities"), for gross proceeds of $4,050,000 (the "2024 Ondas Offering"). The purchase price paid by the Ondas Purchasers for the 2024 Holdings Shares was $1.12 per share.

The Company engaged a third-party service provider to carry out an appraisal of the OAS Warrants, who ran a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the fair value of the OAS Warrants as of February 26, 2024, which is $1,561,532. The initial valuation was assigned to the 2024 Holdings Shares and the OAS Warrants based on their relative fair values, with the initial valuation of the 2024 Holdings Shares being $3,095,263 and OAS Warrants being $954,737. As of September 30, 2025, there were 2,946,428 OAS Warrants outstanding, with a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.41 years.

<u>Noncontrolling interest in OAS</u>

On September 11, 2025, certain OAS warrant holders exercised their warrants for 669,643 common stock in OAS for exercise proceeds of $1,158,482, representing an ownership interest approximately 0.77% in OAS. The Company retained a controlling interest of approximately 99.23% in OAS. The transaction was accounted for as an equity transaction in accordance with ASC 810-10-45-23, with no gain or loss recognized in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company attributed $12,639 of OAS' Net Loss to the noncontrolling interest in OAS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the carrying value of the noncontrolling interest in OAS was $1,145,843.

<u>Sale of Common Stock and Warrants in Ondas Holdings</u> 

On August 28, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement, (the "August 2024 Purchase Agreement") with an institutional investor (the "August 2024 Investor"), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, in a registered direct offering by the Company directly to the August 2024 Investor an aggregate of 5,333,334 shares of Common Stock (the "August 2024 Holdings Shares"), together with Series A warrants ("Series A Warrants") to purchase up to 5,333,334 shares of Common Stock and Series B warrants ("Series B Warrants," and together with the Series A Warrants, the "August 2024 Warrants") to purchase up to 5,333,334 shares of Common Stock. The Series A Warrants have an exercise price of $0.8073 per share and are exercisable at any time from February 28, 2025 through March 1, 2027. The Series B Warrants have an exercise price of $0.8073 per share and are exercisable at any time from February 28, 2025 through February 28, 2030.

Each share of Common Stock and accompanying Series A Warrant and Series B Warrant were sold together at a combined offering price of $0.75, for gross proceeds of $4,000,000 before deducting the placement agent's fees and related offering expenses, which totaled $555,060. The offering closed on August 30, 2024.

The Company used the Black-Scholes Model to determine the fair value of warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company, which is $4,881,775. See the table below for the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes Model. The initial valuation was assigned to the August 2024 Holdings Shares and the August 2024 Warrants based on their relative fair values, with the initial valuation of the August 2024 Holdings Shares being $1,801,442 and August 2024 Warrants being $2,198,559.

<u>Warrants to Purchase Preferred Stock of Networks</u>

On September 3, 2024 and October 7, 2024, in connection with the Networks Secured Note, Networks issued C&P warrants to purchase $1,000,000 and $500,000, respectively, in shares of Networks Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of $20.65 per share. (See Note 10 – Notes Payable for further details).

On November 13, 2024 and January 15, 2025, in connection with the November Networks Convertible Notes and January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes, Networks issued the investors warrants to purchase $2,069,017 and $2,930,983, respectively, in shares of Networks Preferred Stock, at an exercise price of $20.65 per share, of which $2,000,000 is to the Company and has been eliminated in consolidation. (See Note 10 – Notes Payable for further details).

As of September 30, 2025, there were 157,339 warrants for shares of Networks Preferred Stock outstanding based on a Conversion Price of $41.3104, with a weighted average exercise price of $20.65 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 4.17 years.

<u>Warrants to Purchase Common Stock of Networks</u>

On June 3, 2024, the Company issued warrants to purchase 15,391 shares of Networks Common Stock, at an exercise price of $2.75 per share, with a fair value of $303,052, in consideration of consulting services for the Company. The warrants vest over a one-year period. The Company engaged a third-party service provider to carry out a valuation of Networks Common Stock to determine its fair value as of May 31, 2024. The Company recorded stock-based compensation of $0 and $101,523 in General and administrative expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, based on the valuation. The Company recorded stock-based compensation of $65,776 and $150,768 in General and administrative expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, based on the valuation.

As of September 30, 2025, there were 15,391 fully vested warrants for shares Networks Common Stock outstanding, with a weighted average exercise price of $2.75 and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 3.68 years.

<u>Warrants to Purchase Common Stock of the Company</u>

We use the Black-Scholes Model to determine the fair value of warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company. The Black-Scholes Model is an acceptable model in accordance with U.S GAAP. The Black-Scholes Model requires the use of a number of assumptions including volatility of the stock price, the weighted average risk-free interest rate, and the weighted average term of the warrant.

The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates on zero coupon U.S. Treasury bonds whose maturity period is appropriate for the term of the warrants. Estimated volatility is a measure of the amount by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate each year during the expected life of the award. Our estimated volatility is an average of the historical volatility of peer entities whose stock prices were publicly available over a period equal to the expected life of the awards. We used the historical volatility of peer entities due to the lack of sufficient historical data of our stock price.

A summary of our Warrants activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and related information follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Number of<br> Shares<br> Under<br> Warrant** | **Weighted<br> Average<br> Exercise<br> Price** | **Weighted <br> Average <br> Remaining <br> Contractual<br> Life** |
| Balance as of January 1, 2025 | 26490110 | $1.70 | 3.84 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 9600000 | 0.00 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised | (33224290) | 0.63 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cancelled | (262700) | 7.01 |  |
| Balance as of September 30, 2025 | 2603120 | $5.30 | 5.26 |
| Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2025 | 2576567 | $5.23 | 4.85 |

---

Total stock-based compensation expense for warrants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $0 and $80,317, respectively, and is recorded in General and administrative expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Total stock-based compensation expense for warrants for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $105,934 and $254,699, respectively, and is recorded in General and administrative expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

*Stock Options to Purchase Common Stock*

The Company awards stock options to certain employees, directors, and consultants, which represent the right to purchase Common Stock on the date of exercise at a stated exercise price. Stock options granted to employees generally vest over a two to four-year period and are contingent on ongoing employment. Compensation expenses related to these awards is recognized straight-line over the applicable vesting period. Stock options granted to consultants are subject to the attainment of pre-established performance conditions. The actual number of shares subject to the award is determined at the end of the performance period and may range from zero to 100% of the target shares granted depending upon the terms of the award. Compensation expenses related to these awards is recognized when the performance conditions are satisfied.

On January 7, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted Ron Stern stock options to purchase an aggregate of 2,876,944 shares of Common Stock in connection with his Directorship Agreement. The options have an exercise price of $2.69, a term of 5 years and are contingent on ongoing employment. 1,918,059 options vest upon the earlier of: (a) on a quarterly basis over a two-year period following the grant date, or (b) the expiration of a 30-day period in which the average price per share of the Company in the applicable stock exchange is five dollars (or more) per share (the "Valuation Milestone"). 958,885 options vest upon the Valuation Milestone. The Company engaged a third-party service provider to carry out an appraisal of the options, who ran a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the fair value and the period over which the related expense shall be recognized as of January 7, 2025, which is $4,125,352, to be recognized straight-line through November 25, 2026. As of September 30, 2025, the Valuation Milestone was met, the stock options vested, and the Company recognized the remaining unrecognized compensation expense, which is included in compensation expenses.

Also in January 2025, the Compensation Committee granted an aggregate of 2,213,550 stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock to certain employees, with an exercise price range of $2.37 - $2.24 and a term of 10 years. The stock options vest over a range of two to three-year period and are contingent on ongoing employment. They are included in compensation expenses.

In May 2025, the Compensation Committee granted an aggregate of 8,111,450 stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock to certain employees, with an exercise price range of $0.77 - $0.86 and a term of 10 years. The stock options vest over a three-year period and are contingent on ongoing employment. They are included in compensation expenses.

On June 23, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted 100,000 stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock to a certain employee, with an exercise price of $1.58 and a term of 10 years. The stock options vest over a two-year period and are contingent on ongoing employment. They are included in compensation expenses.

On July 8, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted an aggregate of 150,000 stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock to certain employees and consultants, with an exercise price of $1.75 and a term of 10 years. The stock options vest over a three-year period and are contingent on ongoing employment. They are included in compensation expenses.

In August, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted an aggregate of 1,510,000 stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock to certain employees and advisors, with an exercise price range of $2.20 - $3.59 and a term of 10 years. The stock options vest over a range of five months to four-years and are contingent on ongoing employment. They are included in compensation expenses.

On September 18, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted 30,000 stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock to a certain employee, with an exercise price of $6.10 and a term of 10 years. The stock options vest over a three-year period and are contingent on ongoing employment. They are included in compensation expenses.

The assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation and Black-Scholes Model are set forth in the table below.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months<br> Ended <br> September 30,<br> 2025** |
| Stock price | $0.77-6.60 |
| Risk-free interest rate | 3.77-4.65% |
| Volatility | 59.05-88.69% |
| Expected life in years | 5.00-6.27 |
| Dividend yield | 0.00% |

---

A summary of our Option activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and related information follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Number of<br> Shares<br> Under<br> Option** | **Weighted<br> Average<br> Exercise<br> Price** | **Weighted <br> Average <br> Remaining <br> Contractual <br> Life** |
| Balance as of January 1, 2025 | 4289359 | $3.70 | 7.59 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 14991944 | 1.68 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised | (1771897) | 1.50 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Forfeited | (135012) | 1.00 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Canceled | (13791) | 18.85 |  |
| Balance as of September 30, 2025 | 17360603 | $2.19 | 8.24 |
| Vested and Exercisable as of September 30, 2025 | 5730527 | $3.66 | 5.84 |

---

As of September 30, 2025, total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock options was $11,862,687 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.46 years.

Total stock-based compensation expense for stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| General and administrative | $3684991 | $67656 | $5349054 | $207016 |
| Sales and marketing | 174652 | 40021 | 309043 | 191987 |
| Research and development | 198386 | 30219 | 403583 | 109717 |
| Cost of goods sold | 174862 | 18293 | 368855 | 55341 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total stock-based expense related to options | $4232891 | $156189 | $6430535 | $564061 |

---

*Restricted Stock Units*

The Company awards Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") to certain employees and directors, which represent a right to receive Common Stock for each RSU that vests. Compensation expenses related to these awards is recognized straight-line over the applicable vesting period.

On January 11, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted an aggregate of 1,415,700 RSUs to certain employees. The RSUs vest in eight to twelve successive equal quarterly installments on March 16th, May 16th, August 16th and November 16th and are contingent on ongoing employment. They are included in compensation expenses.

On February 21, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted 60,606 fully vested RSUs in consideration of consulting services for the Company. They are included in compensation expenses.

On May 12, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted an aggregate of 2,406,800 RSUs to certain employees. The RSUs vest in eight to twelve successive equal quarterly installments on August 16<sup>th</sup>, November 16th March 16th, and May 16th and are contingent on ongoing employment. They are included in compensation expenses.

On May 12, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted an aggregate of 235,293 RSUs to directors. The RSUs vest in four successive equal quarterly installments with the first vesting date commencing on the first day of the next calendar quarter. They are included in compensation expenses.

On June 23, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted 100,000 RSUs to a certain employee. The RSUs vest in eight successive equal quarterly installments with the first vesting date commencing on September 23, 2025. They are included in compensation expenses.

On August 4, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted 250,000 RSUs to a certain employee. The RSUs vest in twelve successive equal quarterly installments with the first vesting date commencing on November 4, 2025. They are included in compensation expenses.

On August 11, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted 46,935 RSUs to directors. The RSUs vest in six successive quarterly installments with the first vesting date commencing in the third quarter of 2025. They are included in compensation expenses.

Also on August 11, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted 550,000 RSUs to certain employees. The RSUs vest in twelve successive equal quarterly installments with the first vesting date commencing on November 11, 2025. They are included in compensation expenses.

On September 4, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted 250,000 RSUs to a certain employee. The RSUs vest in twelve successive equal quarterly installments with the first vesting date commencing on December 4, 2025. They are included in compensation expenses.

On September 5, 2025, the Compensation Committee granted 600,000 RSUs to a certain employee. The RSUs vest in eight successive equal quarterly installments with the first vesting date commencing on December 5, 2025. They are included in compensation expenses.

A summary of our RSUs activity and related information is as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **RSUs** | **Weighted<br> Average<br> Grant Date<br> Fair Value** | **Weighted <br> Average <br> Vesting<br> Period<br> (Years)** |
| Unvested balance at January 1, 2025 | 252417 | $0.68 | 0.75 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 5915334 | $2.20 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vested | (1303650) | $1.33 |  |
| Unvested balance at September 30, 2025 | 4864101 | $2.36 | 1.87 |

---

As of September 30, 2025, there were 134,429 restricted stock units that were vested but not yet released due to administrative timing. As of September 30, 2025, the unrecognized compensation expense for RSUs was $10,818,997.

Total stock-based compensation expense for RSUs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| General and administrative | $1075516 | $49010 | $1999702 | $155644 |
| Sales and marketing | 48245 | - | 259203 | 13564 |
| Research and development | 45029 | - | 148590 | 715 |
| Cost of goods sold | 57894 | - | 191043 | - |
| Total stock-based expense related to restricted stock units | $1226684 | $49010 | $2598538 | $169923 |

---

<u>Equity Incentive Plan</u>

In 2018, our stockholders adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2018 Plan") pursuant to which 3,333,334 shares of our Common Stock have been reserved for issuance to employees, including officers, directors and consultants. The 2018 Plan is administered by the Board, provided however, that the Board may delegate such administration to the compensation committee of the Board of the Company (the "Compensation Committee"). Subject to the provisions of the 2018 Plan, the Board and/or the Compensation Committee has the authority to grant, in its discretion, incentive stock options, or non-statutory options, stock awards or restricted stock purchase offers ("Equity Awards"). As of September 30, 2025, the balance available to be issued under the 2018 Plan was 14,216.

In 2021, our stockholders adopted the Ondas Holdings Inc. 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan"). The purpose of the 2021 Plan is to enable the Company to attract, retain, reward, and motivate eligible individuals by providing them with an opportunity to acquire or increase a proprietary interest in the Company and to incentivize them to expend maximum efforts for the growth and success of the Company, so as to strengthen the mutuality of the interests between the eligible individuals and the shareholders of the Company. The 2021 Plan provides for the issuance of awards including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and performance awards. On November 18, 2024, stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 2021 Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company's Common Stock authorized for issuance under the 2021 Plan from 8,000,000 to 11,000,000 shares. On May 12, 2025, stockholders of the Company approved an amendment to the 2021 Plan to increase the number of shares of the Company's Common Stock authorized for issuance under the 2021 Plan from 11,000,000 to 26,000,000 shares. As of September 30, 2025, the balance available to be issued under the 2021 Plan was 1,971,465.

**<u>NOTE 12 – REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST</u>**

*Series A-1 Preferred Stock*

On July 9, 2023, Ondas Networks entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Original Networks Agreement") with an initial purchaser named therein (the "2023 Initial Purchaser") to purchase Networks Preferred Stock and the issuance of warrants to purchase 10,200,000 shares of Ondas Holdings (the "2023 Networks Offering").

The Preferred Stock accrues dividends at the rate per annum of eight percent (8%) of the original issue price, of $34.955 per share (the "2023 Original Issue Price"). Such dividends are payable in cash or additional shares of Networks Preferred Stock, with such valuation based on the 2023 Original Issue Price. Each share of Networks Preferred Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, into such number of fully paid and non-assessable shares of Networks Common Stock as is determined by dividing the 2023 Original Issue Price by the conversion price in effect at the time of conversion, which initially is set at $34.955. In lieu of any fractional shares to which the holder would otherwise be entitled, the number of shares of Networks Common Stock to be issued upon conversion of the Networks Preferred Stock shall be rounded to the nearest whole share. The Networks Preferred Stock can be redeemed at the request of the holder at any time after the fifth anniversary for the greater of two times the initial investment plus accrued dividends or the amount that would be due if the Networks Preferred Stock was converted into Networks Common Stock as described above.

On July 21, 2023, Ondas Networks entered into a certain Amendment to Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the "2023 Networks Amendment," together with the Original Networks Agreement, the "2023 Networks Agreement"). Pursuant to the 2023 Networks Amendment, in exchange for an initial sale of shares of Networks Preferred Stock, the 2023 Initial Purchaser acquired the following (the "Initial Networks Closing"), for gross proceeds to Networks of $11,508,517: (i) 329,238 shares of Networks Preferred Stock, at a purchase price of $34.955 per share (the "Per Share Price"), convertible into shares of Networks Common Stock and (ii) warrants to purchase 7,825,792 shares of Common Stock, at an exercise price of $0.89 per share, exercisable commencing ninety days following the date of issuance through the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance (the "2023 Initial Warrants"). Also, pursuant to the 2023 Networks Amendment, the 2023 Initial Purchaser agreed to purchase, and Networks agreed to sell and issue to the 2023 Initial Purchaser, an additional 99,885 shares of Networks Preferred Stock, at the Per Share Price (the "Second Initial Purchaser Closing") and warrants to purchase 2,374,208 shares of Common Stock, at an exercise price of $0.89 per share, exercisable commencing ninety days following the date of issuance through the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance (the "Second Initial Purchaser Warrants"), within thirty days of the Initial Networks Closing.

Networks will use the proceeds from the sale of the Networks Preferred Stock for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including fees related to the transactions contemplated by the 2023 Networks Agreement. No portion of the proceeds will be distributed to the Company.

Also on July 21, 2023, Networks completed the Initial Networks Closing. In connection with the Initial Networks Closing, the Company issued the 2023 Initial Warrants. Also, in connection with the Initial Networks Closing, the parties entered into an indemnification agreement, investors' rights agreement, right of first refusal agreement, and voting agreement. Forms of each of these agreements are attached to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2023.

On August 11, 2023, Networks completed the Second Initial Purchaser Closing. In connection with the Second Initial Purchaser Closing, the Company issued Second Initial Purchaser Warrants. Following the Second Initial Purchaser Closing, the 2023 Initial Purchaser has invested an aggregate of $15.0 million and owns a minority interest of approximately 28% of Ondas Networks.

The Company assessed the Networks Preferred Stock in accordance with ASC 480 and determined that it should be recorded as temporary equity and not as a liability. The initial valuation was assigned to the Networks Preferred Stock and the 2023 Initial Warrants and Second Initial Purchaser Warrants on relative fair values, with the initial valuation of the noncontrolling interest being $10,406,949 and warrants being $4,593,051. It is being accreted using the effective interest rate method over the five-year period to achieve the redemption value of $30,000,000 plus accrued dividends.

*Networks Series A-2 Preferred Stock*

On February 26, 2024, Ondas Networks entered into a second Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the "2024 Networks Agreement") for an investment of $4.50 million in Networks (the "2024 Networks Offering"). The 2024 Networks Agreement was entered into with purchaser named therein (the "2024 Networks Purchasers")for the sale (i) 108,925 shares of Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock (the "Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock"), at a purchase price of $41.3104 per share (the "2024 Per Share Price"), convertible into shares of Networks Common Stock and (ii) warrants to purchase 3,015,000 shares of Common Stock, at an exercise price of $1.26 per share, exercisable commencing ninety days following the date of issuance through the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance (the "2024 Holdings Warrants," and together with the Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock, the "2024 Networks Offering Securities"). The 2024 Networks Offering was consummated on February 26, 2024.

The Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock accrues dividends at the rate per annum of eight percent (8%) of the original issue price, of $41.3104 per share (the "2024 Original Issue Price"). Dividends shall be payable only when, as, and if declared by the board of directors of Networks and Networks shall be under no obligation to pay such dividends. Such dividends are payable in cash or additional shares of Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock, with such valuation based on the Original Issue Price. Each share of Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder thereof, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, into such number of fully paid and non-assessable shares of Networks Common Stock as is determined by dividing the 2024 Original Issue Price by the conversion price in effect at the time of conversion, which initially is set at $41.3104. In lieu of any fractional shares to which the holder would otherwise be entitled, the number of shares of Networks Common Stock to be issued upon conversion of the Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock shall be rounded to the nearest whole share. The Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock can be redeemed at the request of the Holder at any time after the fifth anniversary for the greater of the initial investment plus accrued dividends or the amount that would be due if the Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock was converted into Networks Common Stock as described above.

Pursuant to the Networks Agreement, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with the 2024 Networks Purchasers to register the resale of the Common Stock underlying the 2024 Holdings Warrants pursuant to a registration statement to be filed no later 180 days following the closing of the 2024 Networks Offering. Also, pursuant to the 2024 Networks Agreement, the 2024 Networks Purchasers became parties to those certain investors' rights agreement, right of first refusal agreement, and voting agreement, dated July 21, 2023.

Networks used the proceeds from the sale of the 2024 Networks Offering Securities to immediately redeem an amount of shares of Networks Common Stock at the 2024 Per Share Price held by the Company that was equivalent to the amount of proceeds raised in the sale of the 2024 Networks Offering Securities.

The issuance of the 2024 Networks Offering Securities was exempt from registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2) of such Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder based upon the representations of each of the 2024 Networks Purchasers that it was an "accredited investor" (as defined under Rule 501 of Regulation D) and that it was purchasing such securities without a present view toward a distribution of the securities. In addition, there was no general advertisement conducted in connection with the sale of the 2024 Networks Offering Securities. See the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2024 for further details.

The Company assessed the Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock in accordance with ASC 480 and determined that it should be recorded as temporary equity and not as a liability. The initial valuation was assigned to the Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock and the 2024 Holdings Warrants based on relative fair values, with the initial valuation of the noncontrolling interest being $3,028,806 and warrants being $1,471,194. It is being accreted using the effective interest rate method over the five-year period to achieve the redemption value of $4,500,000 plus accrued dividends.

The Company recorded accrued dividends of $1,170,000 and accretion of $2,619,809 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, in aggregate. The Company recorded accrued dividends of $1,114,138 and accretion of $2,112,784 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, in aggregate.

**<u>NOTE 13 – SEGMENT INFORMATION</u>**

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") in making decisions regarding resource allocation and performance assessment. The Company's CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. Segment operating loss and segment loss before provision for income taxes are the measures of profit and loss used by the CODM to assess performance and to decide how to allocate resources for each of the Company's reportable segments. Segment operating loss and segment loss before provision for income taxes are used to monitor actual results versus planned and prior period results for each segment based on their respective profitability objectives and business models. Segment operating loss and segment loss before provision for income taxes are also used to allocate human and capital resources among the reportable segments. The Company determined it has two reportable segments, Networks and OAS, as the CODM reviews financial information for these two businesses separately. The Company has no inter-segment sales. The Company's revenue and significant expenses by segment regularly reviewed by the CODM, and other segment items for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2024** |
|  | **Ondas<br> Networks** | **OAS** | **Total** | **Ondas<br> Networks** | **OAS** | **Total** |
| Product revenue | $16611 | $5427787 | $5444398 | $924 | $149744 | $150668 |
| Service and subscription revenue | 2340 | 4589006 | 4591346 | 1987 | 885760 | 887747 |
| Development revenue | 62566 | - | 62566 | 442377 | - | 442377 |
| Revenue, net | 81517 | 10016793 | 10098310 | 445288 | 1035504 | 1480792 |
| Cost of goods sold | 408242 | 7085673 | 7493915 | 525673 | 907559 | 1433232 |
| Gross profit (loss) | (326725) | 2931120 | 2604395 | (80385) | 127945 | 47560 |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| General and administrative | 376173 | 3788092 | 4164265 | 1329241 | 2540452 | 3869693 |
| Sales and marketing | 834051 | 2037162 | 2871213 | 537169 | 873775 | 1410944 |
| Research and development | 1290435 | 3222321 | 4512756 | 1293661 | 1888684 | 3182345 |
| Segment operating loss | (2827384) | (6116455) | (8943839) | (3240456) | (5174966) | (8415422) |
| Interest income | 12511 | 3211 | 15722 | 49 | 95609 | 95658 |
| Interest expense | (1319806) | (123387) | (1443193) | (137092) | (296517) | (433609) |
| Other segment items | (3446) | (107506) | (110952) | (2067) | (113759) | (115826) |
| Segment loss before provision for income taxes | $(4138125) | $(6344137) | $(10482262) | $(3379566) | $(5489633) | $(8869199) |
| Corporate operating expenses | - | - | (6559711) | - | - | (245293) |
| Elimination of intercompany interest | - | - | 1007590 | - | - | 191757 |
| Corporate unrealized gain on investments | - | - | 6893277 | - | - | - |
| Corporate interest income | - | - | 1976552 | - | - | 25950 |
| Corporate interest expense | - | - | (8846) | - | - | (629483) |
| Loss before income taxes | - | - | $(7173400) | - | - | $(9526268) |

---

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** |
|  | **Ondas<br> Networks** | **OAS** | **Total** | **Ondas<br> Networks** | **OAS** | **Total** |
| Product revenue | $16611 | $12256780 | $12273391 | $25682 | $149744 | $175426 |
| Service and subscription revenue | 21056 | 7875058 | 7896114 | 16397 | 1479490 | 1495887 |
| Development revenue | 450375 | - | 450375 | 1374339 | 18000 | 1392339 |
| Revenue, net | 488042 | 20131838 | 20619880 | 1416418 | 1647234 | 3063652 |
| Cost of goods sold | 1236132 | 11958733 | 13194865 | 1515774 | 2086195 | 3601969 |
| Gross profit (loss) | (748090) | 8173105 | 7425015 | (99356) | (438961) | (538317) |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| General and administrative | 2003034 | 10939710 | 12942744 | 4172995 | 7093882 | 11266877 |
| Sales and marketing | 2267231 | 5299807 | 7567038 | 1689454 | 2327775 | 4017229 |
| Research and development | 3681104 | 8528060 | 12209164 | 4845521 | 4489802 | 9335323 |
| Segment operating loss | (8699459) | (16594472) | (25293931) | (10807326) | (14350420) | (25157746) |
| Interest income | 14429 | 3211 | 17640 | 74972 | 95609 | 170581 |
| Interest expense | (4052714) | (295695) | (4348409) | (144592) | (723776) | (868368) |
| Other segment items | (22412) | (438275) | (460687) | (2100) | 472624 | 470524 |
| Segment loss before provision for income taxes | $(12760156) | $(17325231) | $(30085387) | $(10879046) | $(14505963) | $(25385009) |
| Corporate operating expenses | - | - | (9769161) | - | - | (933754) |
| Elimination of intercompany interest | - | - | 2537742 | - | - | 609720 |
| Corporate unrealized gain on investments |  |  | 6893277 |  |  | - |
| Corporate interest income | - | - | 2425780 | - | - | 135804 |
| Corporate interest expense | - | - | (4062151) | - | - | (2098849) |
| Loss before income taxes | - | - | $(32059900) | - | - | $(27672088) |

---

Additional segment information is set forth below as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2024** |
|  | **Ondas<br> Networks** | **OAS** | **Corporate** | **Total** | **Ondas<br> Networks** | **OAS** | **Corporate** | **Total** |
| Depreciation and amortization | $66485 | $1216161 | $- | $1282646 | $78462 | $1168011 | $- | $1246473 |
| Stock-based compensation | $28739 | $1856777 | $3574059 | $5459575 | $94513 | $106488 | $110132 | $311133 |
| Capital expenditures | $4189 | $166403 | $- | $170592 | $100650 | $158736 | $- | $259386 |

---

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| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** |
|  | **Ondas<br> Networks** | **OAS** | **Corporate** | **Total** | **Ondas<br> Networks** | **OAS** | **Corporate** | **Total** |
| Total assets | $10255727 | $98814143 | $441080699 | $550150569 | $10207221 | $67709703 | $2241732 | $80158656 |
| Goodwill | $- | $34773934 | $- | $34773934 | $- | $27751921 | $- | $27751921 |
| Depreciation and amortization | $211188 | $3558322 | $- | $3769510 | $136193 | $3450173 | $- | $3586366 |
| Stock-based compensation | $186801 | $4048938 | $4975174 | $9210913 | $317241 | $350578 | $320864 | $988683 |
| Capital expenditures | $4189 | $433109 | $- | $437298 | $1058032 | $548326 | $- | $1606358 |

---

**<u>NOTE 14 – INCOME TAXES</u>**

The Company had a net deferred tax liability of $0.9 million as of September 30, 2025 and a provision for income taxes of $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, reflecting an estimated annual effective Israeli tax rate of 24% for Apeiro.

The Company had a net deferred tax asset of $77.5 million as of December 31, 2024, including a tax benefit of $69.4 million from net operating loss carry-forwards. A valuation allowance of $77.5 million was provided against this asset resulting in deferred assets, net of valuation allowance of $0.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company and Networks, respectively, had Federal net operating loss carryforwards ("NOLs") of approximately $1 million and $15 million generated in 2007 to 2017 which will begin to expire in 2027 through 2037. Additionally, as of December 31, 2024, the Company and Networks had Federal NOLs of $73 million and $59 million, respectively, generated in 2018 through 2024 that have no expiration. As of December 31, 2024, the Company and Networks had State NOLs available to offset future taxable income of $49 million and $93 million, respectively, expiring from 2038 through 2044. As of December 31, 2024, the Company and Networks had approximately $0 and $752,000, respectively, of Federal research and development credits available to offset future tax liability expiring from 2038 through 2040. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $134 million and $127 million of Israeli NOL's. The Company's Federal income tax returns for the 2021 to 2023 tax years remain open to examination by the IRS. Upon utilization of Federal NOLs in the future, the IRS may examine records from the year the loss occurred, even if outside the three-year statute of limitations. The Company's State tax returns also remain open to examination. The Company's Israeli income tax returns for the 2020 to 2023 tax years remain open to examination.

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, including the NOLs, the Company assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to utilize its existing deferred tax assets. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period when those temporary differences become deductible. Based on its assessment, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets as their future utilization remains uncertain at this time.

In accordance with Section 382 of the Internal Revenue code, the usage of the Company's Federal Carryforwards could be limited in the event of a change in ownership. As of December 31, 2021, the Company completed an analysis and determined that there were multiple ownership changes. Provided sufficient taxable income is generated the annual base limitation plus increased limitation calculated pursuant to IRS Notice 2003-65 will allow the Company to utilize all existing losses within the carryover periods.

The Company applies the FASB's provisions for uncertain tax positions. The Company utilizes the two-step process to determine the amount of recognized tax benefit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, management does not believe the Company has any material uncertain tax positions that would require it to measure and reflect the potential lack of sustainability of a position on audit in its financial statements. The Company will continue to evaluate its uncertain tax positions in future periods to determine if measurement and recognition in its financial statements is necessary. The Company does not believe there will be any material changes in its unrecognized tax positions over the next year.

**<u>NOTE 15 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</u>**

<u>Legal Proceedings</u>

We may be involved in legal proceedings, claims and assessments arising in the ordinary course of business. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties, and outcomes are not predictable with assurance. There are no such loss contingencies that are included in the financial statements as of September 30, 2025.

On October 27, 2023, the Company reached a settlement agreement for legal proceedings related to Ardenna in which the Company is entitled to receive $600,000 in reimbursements for legal fees related to the proceedings. As of September 30, 2025, the Company received $550,000 from the settlement agreement, of which $0 and $550,000 is recorded in General and administrative expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

On June 6, 2024, Airobotics filed a Notice of Non-Payment with the Abu Dhabi Civil Courts in connection with a customer's lack of payment relating to a purchase order and breach of a settlement agreement in relation to such purchase order. A performance order was filed on July 11, 2024, and rejected on July 17, 2024 by the Abu Dhabi Civil Courts. On July 30, 2024, Airobotics appealed the rejection of the performance order. On August 28, 2024, the Abu Dhabi Civil Court of Appeals accepted the appeal and appointed an expert to review the case. On October 9, 2024, the Abu Dhabi Civil Court of Appeals ruled in favor of Airobotics for the full amount of the initial purchase order less amounts paid to date by the customer (without taking into consideration the terms of the settlement agreement breached by the customer), which resulted in a total award of $2,138,945 plus interest and expenses. Subsequently, on June 17, 2025, Airobotics entered into a second settlement agreement pursuant to which the company agreed to waive the remaining balance owed by the customer in consideration for the return of the related inventory. The inventory was duly returned, and all obligations under the settlement agreement were fully performed. Accordingly, inventory with an aggregate value of approximately $1 million was recognized by Airobotics.

<u>War in Israel</u>

On October 7, 2023, the State of Israel, where Airobotics' main offices and facilities are located, suffered a surprise attack by hostile forces from the Gaza Strip, which led to the Security Cabinet of the State of Israel declaring a state of war in Israel. This military operation and related activities are on-going as of the date of this filing.

The Company is closely monitoring how the military operation and related activities could adversely affect its anticipated milestones and its Israel-based activities to support future operations, including the Company's ability to import materials that are required to construct the Optimus System™ and to ship them outside of Israel. Although there have been disruptions in our business and operations, the Company has determined that there have not been any materially adverse effects on its business or operations. The Company does not believe the disruptions in its business and operations will have an enduring impact on its business and operations, but it continues to monitor the situation, as any future escalation or change could result in a material adverse effect on the ability of the Company's Israeli office to support the Company's activities. The Company does not have any specific contingency plans in the event of any such escalation or change.

**<u>NOTE 16 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS</u>**

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owed $515,000 and $37,500 to independent directors, respectively, related to accrued compensation, which is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

<u>Networks Convertible Notes (See Note 10 – Notes Payable)</u>

On July 8, 2024, July 23, 2024, and November 13, 2024 C&P elected to purchase Convertible Notes in Networks in the aggregate original principal amount of $700,000, $800,000, and $1,000,000, respectively, (the "C&P Networks Convertible Notes"). Joseph Popolo, a former director of the Company, is the sole control person of C&P.

Along with the November 13, 2024 Networks Convertible Notes, Networks issued C&P warrants to purchase $1,000,000 in shares of Networks Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $20.65 per share (the "C&P Warrants). The number of C&P warrants exercisable under the Networks SPA is calculated by $1,000,000 divided by the Conversion Price, which is the amount equal to the price per share of Networks' most senior series of Preferred Stock issued to investors in Networks' next equity financing date, or if none, then $41.3104. The warrants are exercisable commencing November 13, 2024 through November 13, 2029. The C&P Warrants have a relative fair value of $371,031, which was recorded as debt discount.

As of September 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the C&P Networks Convertible Notes was $2,444,561, net of unamortized debt discount of $52,422 and unamortized issuance costs of $3,017. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the C&P Networks Convertible Notes was $2,159,328, net of unamortized debt discount of $314,570 and unamortized issuance costs of $26,102. Accrued interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $197,205 and $54,356, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $47,890 and amortization expense of $56,759 related to debt discount and issuance costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $142,849 and amortization expense of $285,233 related to debt discount and issuance costs. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized interest expense of $18,493 and amortization expense of $3,979 related to the issuance costs. Interest expense and amortization expense related to debt discount and issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. No principal or interest has been paid since the C&P Networks Convertible Notes were issued.

<u>OAS Convertible Notes (See Note 10 – Notes Payable)</u>

In October and December 2024, C&P elected to purchase OAS Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $2,000,000 (the "C&P OAS Convertible Notes"). Joseph Popolo, a former director of the Company, was the sole control person of C&P. On May 26, 2025, C&P assigned $30,000 of the C&P OAS Convertible Notes to a non-related party. As of September 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the C&P OAS Convertible Notes was $1,970,000. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the C&P OAS Convertible Notes was $1,985,624, net of unamortized issuance costs of $14,376. Accrued interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $85,167 and $12,808, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $24,288 and amortization expense of $4,890 related to the issuance costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $72,359 and amortization expense of $14,376 related to the issuance costs. Interest expense and amortization expense related to issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. No principal or interest has been paid since the C&P OAS Convertible Notes were issued.

On October 10, 2024, Privet Ventures LLC, an entity affiliated with Eric Brock, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and OAS, elected to purchase OAS Convertible Notes in the original principal amount of $1,000,000 (the "Privet OAS Convertible Note"). As of September 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the Privet OAS Convertible Note was $1,000,000. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the Privet OAS Convertible Note was $992,812, net of unamortized issuance costs of $7,188. Accrued interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $48,082 and $11,233, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $12,328 and amortization expense of $2,482 related to the issuance costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $36,849 and amortization expense of $7,188 related to the issuance costs. Interest expense and amortization expense related to issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. No principal or interest has been paid since the Privet OAS Convertible Note was issued.

<u>Networks Secured Note (See Note 10 – Notes Payable)</u>

On September 3, 2024, Networks entered into the C&P Security Agreement, in which Networks may draw, and C&P shall loan Networks, up to $1,500,000. Pursuant to the C&P Security Agreement, Networks issued C&P the Networks Secured Note. As of December 31, 2024, Networks has drawn a total of $1,500,000 on the Networks Secured Note.

On September 3, 2024 and October 7, 2024, pursuant to the C&P Security Agreement, Networks issued C&P warrants to purchase $1,000,000 and $500,000, respectively, in shares of Networks Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $20.65 per share. The number of warrants exercisable under the C&P Security Agreement is calculated by $1,500,000 divided by the Conversion Price, which is the amount equal to the price per share of the most senior series of Networks Preferred Stock issued to investors in Networks' next equity financing date, or if none, then $41.3104. The C&P Warrants are exercisable commencing September 3, 2024 through September 3, 2029 and October 7, 2024 through October 7, 2029, respectively. The C&P Warrants have a total relative fair value of $556,554, which was recorded as debt discount. Joseph Popolo, a former director of the Company, was the sole control person of C&P.

As of September 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the Networks Secured Note was $1,500,000. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the Networks Secured Note was $1,273,216, net of unamortized debt discount of $201,135 and unamortized issuance costs of $25,649. Accrued interest as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $125,545 and $37,107, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $29,589 and amortization expense of $0 related to the debt discount and issuance costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $88,438 and amortization expense of $226,784 related to the debt discount and issuance costs. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized interest expense of $7,255 and amortization expense of $103,615 related to the debt discount and issuance costs. No principal or interest has been paid since the Networks Secured Note was issued.

<u>Sale of Common Stock in Ondas Holdings and Warrants to Purchase Common Stock of OAS (See Note 11 – Stockholders' Equity)</u>

On February 26, 2024, the Company completed the 2024 Ondas Offering with respect to the sale of (i) an aggregate of 3,616,071 shares Common Stock and (ii) the OAS Warrants for gross proceeds of $4,050,000. See Note 11 – Stockholders' Equity, Sale of Common Stock in Ondas Holdings and Warrants to Purchase Common Stock of OAS, for further details. In connection with the 2024 Ondas Offering, C&P paid $2,000,000 for 1,785,714 shares of Common Stock of the Company and OAS Warrants to purchase 1,785,714 shares of OAS common stock. Joseph Popolo, a former director of the Company, was the sole control person of C&P.

<u>Networks Series A-1 Preferred Stock (See Note 12 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest)</u>

On July 21, 2023 and August 11, 2023, Networks completed the 2023 Networks Offering. See Note 12 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Networks Series A-1 Preferred Stock, for further details.

C&P is the proxy for the members of the 2023 Initial Purchaser, and the manager of the 2023 Initial Purchaser must act in accordance with C&P's direction with respect to exercise and voting of the issuer's securities and derivative securities held by the 2023 Initial Purchaser. Joseph Popolo, a former director of the Company, was the sole control person of C&P.

<u>Networks Series A-2 Preferred Stock (See Note 12 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest)</u>

On February 26, 2024, Ondas Networks completed a private placement with certain purchasers with respect to the sale of (i) the Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock and (ii) 2024 Holdings Warrants. See Note 12 – Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest, Networks Series A-2 Preferred Stock, for further details. In connection with the 2024 Networks Offering, C&P paid $250,000 for 6,051 shares of Series A-2 Networks Preferred Stock and 2024 Holdings Warrants to purchase 167,500 shares of Common Stock. Joseph Popolo, a former director of the Company, was the sole control person of C&P.

**<u>NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</u>**

Management has evaluated subsequent events as of November 13, 2025, the date the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements were issued according to the requirements of ASC topic 855.

<u>SPO Transaction</u>

On October 1, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of Smart Precision Optics S.P.O LTD., a company organized under the laws of the State of Israel ("SPO"), pursuant to (i) the Share Purchase Agreement, dated August 20, 2025 (the "SPA"), by and among the Company, SPO, Shamir Investment Entrepreneurship ACS LTD., an agricultural cooperative society organized under the laws of the State of Israel ("Shamir") and (ii) the Side Letter, dated August 20, 2025, by and among the Company, SPO and Shamir (the "Side Letter," together with the SPA, the "Agreement"). In accordance with the terms of the Agreement, the Company acquired (i) 51% of the issued and outstanding share capital of SPO for an aggregate purchase amount of approximately $5,946,805 and (ii) 51% of the outstanding capital notes of SPO for an aggregate purchase amount of approximately $0.30 plus the Contingent Consideration, as defined below (the "Acquisition").

Additionally, if SPO obtains or receives Qualified Grants (as defined in the Agreement) between the closing of the Acquisition and December 31, 2026, the Company shall be required to make payment to Shamir in an amount equal to 10% of the amount of any such Qualified Grants received by SPO, up to an aggregate amount of approximately $11,893,611 of Qualified Grants received ("Contingent Consideration") (i.e. the maximum Contingent Consideration paid by the Company to Shamir shall be approximately $1,189,361. The Contingent Consideration shall be paid in cash, provided however, that the Company may choose, in its sole discretion, to pay the Contingent Consideration in shares of the Company's Common Stock.

Subject to the terms of the SPO Agreement, Shamir has the right (the "First Put Option") to cause the Company to purchase all (but not less than all) of the remaining issued and outstanding share capital of SPO held by Shamir, which acquisition shall be accompanied with sale for no additional consideration of any and all capital notes of SPO then held by Shamir (such shares and capital notes, jointly, the "Put Shares"), at a purchase price of approximately $220.69 per share. Shamir may exercise the First Put Option during the period commencing on October 15, 2025 and ending June 30, 2026.

Subject to the terms of the SPO Agreement, to the extent that the First Put Opinion was not exercised, Shamir has the right to appoint a third-party evaluator to determine SPO's valuation and after receiving such valuation, Shamir may offer to the Company to purchase the Put Shares at such evaluated price (the "Second Put Option," together with the First Put Option, the "SPO Options"). If the Company declines, the Company may make a counter-offer to purchase the Put Shares. If Shamir rejects the Company's counter-offer, Shamir can initiate a "Forced Sale" process to sell 100% of SPO to a third party during a limited period of nine months. Alternatively, if no Forced Sale occurs, Shamir can request an updated evaluation for SPO and either sell to the Company pursuant to Company's offer, or buy all of the Company's securities in SPO at the updated valuation. Shamir may exercise the foregoing during the period commencing on the second anniversary of the closing of the SPO Acquisition and ending June 30, 2029. The consideration payable by the Company to Shamir upon the consummation of either the First Put Option or the Second Put Option shall be paid in cash, provided however, that the Company may choose, in its sole discretion, to pay Shamir in Common Stock.

Additionally, subject to the terms of the SPO Agreement, in the event that the Second Put Option is exhausted without being exercised, the Company shall have the right (the "Call Option") to require Shamir to sell all (and not less than all) of the remaining issued and outstanding share capital of SPO held by Shamir in consideration for the amount reflecting SPO's valuation on a cash free-debt free basis of approximately $59,468,058, which acquisition shall be accompanied with sale for no additional consideration of any and all capital notes of SPO then held by Shamir, payable in cash. The Company may exercise the Call Option during the period commencing on the end of the Second Put Option Period and ending 18 months later. All US Dollar amounts in this SPO Transaction section are as of August 26, 2025. For further information see the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on August 26, 2025.

<u>4M Transaction</u>

On October 29, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of a controlling interest in 4M Defense Ltd., a company registered in the State of Israel ("4M"), pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement, dated October 24, 2025 (the "4M Agreement"), by and among the Company, 4M, Chirokka Holding Ltd., a company registered in the State of Israel ("HoldCo"), Mr. Itzik Malka ("Itzik"), and Mr. Nir Cohen ("Nir", and jointly with Itzik, the "Shareholders"). HoldCo held 100% of the share capital of 4M. In accordance with the terms of the 4M Agreement, the Company acquired 70% of the issued and outstanding share capital of HoldCo ("HoldCo Shares"), for a purchase price of (i) $2,400,000 in cash and (ii) 801,068 shares of Common Stock, in exchange for the HoldCo Shares (the "4M Acquisition"). Pursuant to the 4M Agreement, Itzik has agreed, subject to certain customary exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of 480,641 shares of Common Stock for a period of twelve (12) months after the closing of the 4M Acquisition, at which time Itzik shall be permitted to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, on a calendar quarterly basis, up to twelve and one-half percent (12.5%) of such shares of Common Stock, until all such shares have been released from the lock-up restrictions. For further information see the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on October 29, 2025.

<u>Sentry Transaction</u>

On November 3, 2025, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the "Sentry Agreement"), by and among the Company, Sentry CS Ltd, a company organized under the laws of the State of Israel ("Sentry"), Sentry's shareholders, (the "Sentry Major Shareholders"), and Sagitta Holdco SARL, a private limited liability company organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Sentry Agreement, the Company will acquire 100% of the issued and outstanding share capital ("Sentry Shares") of Sentry (the "Sentry Acquisition"). At the closing of the Sentry Acquisition, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Sentry Agreement, the Company shall pay an aggregate amount of (i) $125,000,000 of which $117,500,000 shall be paid on the closing of the Sentry Acquisition, and the remaining $7,500,000, shall be paid so that an amount of $2,500,000 shall be paid on each of the (a) expiration of a 45-day period commencing at the closing of the Sentry Acquisition (the "Second Payment Date"), (b) expiration of a 60-day period commencing at the closing of the Sentry Acquisition (the "Third Payment Date"), and (c) expiration of a 120-day period commencing at the closing of the Sentry Acquisition (the "Fourth Payment Date"), and (ii) $100,000,000 of shares of Common Stock to be issued as follows: (a) $32,500,000 on the closing of the Sentry Acquisition, (ii) $22,500,000 on the Second Payment Date, (iii) $22,500,000 on the Third Payment Date, and (iv) $22,500,000 on the Fourth Payment Date (collectively, the "Sentry Stock Consideration"). The Company may choose, in its sole discretion, to pay any portion of the Sentry Stock Consideration in cash. The Sentry Acquisition is expected to close in November 2025. For further information see the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on November 4, 2025.

<u>October 2025 Offering</u>

On October 6, 2025, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the "October 2025 Underwriting Agreement") with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., as representative of the several underwriters (the "October Underwriters"), relating to the Company's underwritten offering (the "October 2025 Offering") of (i) 19,560,000 shares (the "October Shares") of Common Stock, or (ii) in lieu of Common Stock, pre-funded warrants (the "October Pre-Funded Warrants," together with the October Shares, the "October Common Stock Equivalents") to purchase up to 17,400,000 shares of Common Stock (the "October Pre-Funded Warrant Shares"). The October Common Stock Equivalents were accompanied by warrants (the "October Common Warrants," together with the October Pre-Funded Warrants, the "October Warrants") to purchase a total of 73,920,000 shares of Common Stock (the "October Common Warrant Shares," together with the October Pre-Funded Warrant Shares, the "October Warrant Shares").

The October Shares and October Warrants were offered, issued, and sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus that form part of the Form S-3ASR.

On October 7, 2025, the Company closed the October 2025 Offering and issued the October Shares and October Warrants. The offering price for (i) each October Share and accompanying October Common Warrant to purchase two (2) shares of Common Stock was $11.50 and (ii) each October Pre-Funded Warrant and accompanying October Common Warrant to purchase two (2) shares of Common Stock was $11.50 (with a nominal exercise price of $0.0001 per share remaining unpaid as of the issuance date). The October Pre-Funded Warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire seven years from the date of issuance.

The October Common Warrants have an exercise price of $20.00 per share, are exercisable upon the Company's receipt of stockholder approval to increase its authorized shares of Common Stock and will expire seven years from the date of issuance. The Company has not reserved shares of Common Stock underlying the October Common Warrants and does not expect to effect any exercise of the October Common Warrants unless and until the Company's receipt of stockholder approval to increase its authorized shares of Common Stock. The October Common Warrants may be cash settled after January 31, 2026, if Common Stock is not then available to satisfy exercises.

The net proceeds to the Company from the October Offering were approximately $407.2 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company and excluding any proceeds that may be received from the exercise of the October Warrants. If the October Common Warrants are fully exercised on a cash basis, the Company has the potential to raise approximately $1.5 billion in additional gross proceeds. No assurance can be given that any of the October Common Warrants will be exercised. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the October 2025 Offering for corporate development and strategic growth, including acquisitions, joint ventures and investments.

**Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.**

The following discussion and analysis provide information which our management believes to be relevant to an assessment and understanding of the results of operations and financial condition of Ondas Holdings Inc. ("Ondas Holdings," "we," "our," or the "Company"). This discussion should be read together with our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes included therein, which are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the "Report"). This information should also be read in conjunction with the information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 12, 2025, including the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included therein as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 ("2024 Form 10-K"). This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. For a description of factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, please refer to the below section of this Report titled "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements." The reported results will not necessarily reflect future results of operations or financial condition.

**<u>Overview</u>**

Ondas Holdings is a leading provider of private wireless, drone, and automated data solutions through its subsidiaries Ondas Networks Inc., a Texas corporation ("Ondas Networks"), Apeiro Motion Ltd., an Israeli company ("Apeiro"), Ondas Capital Inc., a Nevada corporation ("Ondas Capital"), Ondas Autonomous Systems Inc., a Nevada corporation ("OAS"), which wholly-owns Airobotics Ltd., an Israeli company ("Airobotics"), and American Robotics, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("American Robotics").

Ondas Networks provides wireless connectivity solutions. OAS provides drone, ground robotics and automated data solutions through its subsidiaries Airobotics and American Robotics and Ondas Holdings' subsidiary Apeiro. Ondas Networks and OAS together provide users in defense, homeland security, and critical infrastructure markets with improved connectivity and data collection and information processing capabilities. We operate Ondas Networks and OAS as separate business segments, and the following is a discussion of each segment. See Note 1, Note 2, and Note 13 of the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding our segments.

**<u>Ondas Networks Segment</u>**

Ondas Networks provides wireless connectivity solutions enabling mission-critical Industrial Internet applications and services. We refer to these applications as the Mission-Critical Internet of Things ("MC-IoT"). Our wireless networking products are applicable to a wide range of MC-IoT applications, which are most often located at the very edge of large industrial networks. These applications require secure, real-time connectivity with the ability to process large amounts of data at the edge of large industrial networks. Such applications are required in all of the major critical infrastructure markets, including rail, electric grids, drone operations, oil and gas, and public safety, homeland security and government, where secure, reliable and fast operational decisions are required in order to improve efficiency and ensure a high degree of safety and security. Our MC-IoT intellectual property has been adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ("IEEE"), the leading worldwide standards body in data networking protocols, and forms the core of the IEEE 802.16 standard. Because standards-based communications solutions are preferred by our mission-critical customers and ecosystem partners, we continue to take a leadership position in IEEE as it relates to wireless networking for industrial markets.

We design, develop, manufacture, sell and support FullMAX, our patented, Software Defined Radio platform for secure, private, wide-area broadband networks. Our customers install FullMAX systems in order to upgrade and expand their legacy wide-area network infrastructure. By upgrading their legacy systems, customers benefit from significant increases in data throughput which enables new applications. We have targeted the North American freight rail operators for the initial adoption of our FullMAX platform. These rail operators currently operate legacy communications systems utilizing dated narrowband wireless technologies for voice and data communications. These legacy wireless networks have limited data capacity and are unable to support the adoption of new, intelligent train control and management systems. The freight rail operators through the Association of American Railroads ("AAR"), its advisory subsidiary MxV Rail, as well as the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance Association, have adopted the IEEE 802.16 standard for future private wireless networks. The IEEE 802.16t Direct Peer-to-Peer protocol has been selected by the AAR as the new standard for Next Generation head-of-train / end-of-train ("HOT-EOT") communications or "NGHE Gen4." This new protocol for train telemetry operations enables new safety and operational improvements to existing HOT-EOT applications.

Our software-based FullMAX platform is an important and timely upgrade solution for privately-owned and operated wireless wide-area networks, leveraging Internet Protocol-based communications to provide security, more reliability and significant data throughput for our mission-critical infrastructure customers. We believe industrial and critical infrastructure markets throughout the globe have reached an inflection point where legacy serial and analog based protocols no longer meet industry needs. In addition to offering enhanced data throughput, FullMAX is an intelligent networking platform enabling the adoption of sophisticated operating systems and equipment supporting next-generation MC-IoT applications over wide field areas. These new MC-IoT applications and related equipment require more processing power at the edge of large industrial networks and the efficient utilization of network capacity and scarce bandwidth.

<u>Industry Partnerships</u>

Ondas Networks continues to develop partnerships in the rail space to develop and market wireless communications products and services based on Ondas Networks' technology. Our partnership with Siemens Mobility ("Siemens") is geared to market our FullMAX-based networking technology and services and to jointly develop certain wireless communications products for the North American Rail Industry based on Siemens' Advanced Train Control System protocol and our FullMAX MC-IoT platform. We are working with other industry partners to commercialize our platform technologies for specific use cases and to drive broad industry adoption of dot16 applications.

**<u>OAS Segment</u>**

Our OAS business unit develops, integrates, and deploys multi-domain autonomous solutions spanning air, ground, and communication systems for high-performance applications in defense, homeland security, and industrial markets. OAS delivers a unified technology ecosystem that combines autonomous drones, ground robotics, and secure tethered communications to enhance operational intelligence, safety, and resilience across mission-critical environments.

OAS' portfolio includes the Optimus System™, a fully autonomous drone platform designed for persistent aerial intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), and the Iron Drone Raider™, a fully autonomous interceptor drone engineered to detect, track, and neutralize small hostile drones. Complementing these aerial platforms, Apeiro's advanced ground robots and fiber-spool communication systems extend mission reach, enabling autonomous and resilient operations across complex terrain, underground environments, and communications-denied areas.

Our multi-domain autonomy architecture serves customers across defense, homeland security, public safety, and critical industrial sectors, including smart cities, airports, seaports, oil and gas, mining, heavy construction, data centers, and semiconductor manufacturing. OAS solutions are built for persistent operations in the most demanding conditions — urban areas, sensitive facilities, and remote field deployments — providing unmatched situational awareness, security, and operational continuity.

In addition to our core platforms, OAS provides a wide suite of enabling services to ensure successful deployment and sustainment, including AI-driven data analytics, automation and IT integration, safety and regulatory certification, training, and lifecycle maintenance. These capabilities empower customers to fully harness the benefits of autonomous technology while ensuring compliance and operational safety.

OAS and its portfolio companies — American Robotics, Airobotics, and Apeiro — represent a powerful and synergistic combination of aerospace, robotics, and data technologies. Together, they deliver a comprehensive end-to-end platform that addresses every phase of the product lifecycle, from research and development through manufacturing, certification, and field sustainment.

OAS has achieved multiple industry-leading milestones, including the FAA Type Certification of the Optimus 1-EX UAV on September 25, 2023 — the first autonomous security data-capture UAV to receive this distinction. This certification, the highest echelon of FAA airworthiness recognition, enables broad beyond-visual-line-of-sight (BVLOS) operations over people and infrastructure and validates the system's safety and reliability within the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS).

<u>War in Israel</u>

On October 7, 2023, the State of Israel, where Airobotics' main offices and facilities are located, suffered a surprise attack by hostile forces from the Gaza Strip, which led to the Security Cabinet of the State of Israel declaring a state of war in Israel. This military operation and related activities are on-going as of the date of this filing.

The Company is closely monitoring how the military operation and related activities could adversely affect its anticipated milestones and its Israel-based activities to support future operations, including the Company's ability to import materials that are required to construct the Optimus System™ and to ship them outside of Israel. Although there have been disruptions in our business and operations, the Company has determined that there have not been any materially adverse effects on its business or operations. The Company does not believe the disruptions in its business and operations will have an enduring impact on its business and operations, but it continues to monitor the situation, as any future escalation or change could result in a material adverse effect on the ability of the Company's Israeli office to support the Company's activities. The Company does not have any specific contingency plans in the event of any such escalation or change.

**<u>Results of Operations</u>**

<u>Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to three months ended September 30, 2024</u>

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase**<br>**(Decrease)** |
| Revenue, net | $10098310 | $1480792 | $8617518 |
| Cost of goods sold | 7493915 | 1433232 | 6060683 |
| Gross profit | 2604395 | 47560 | 2556835 |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 10595469 | 4114986 | 6480483 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 2999720 | 1410944 | 1588776 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 4512756 | 3182345 | 1330411 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 18107945 | 8708275 | 9399670 |
| Operating loss | (15503550) | (8660715) | (6842835) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other income (expense), net | 8330150 | (865553) | 9195703 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss before provision for income taxes | (7173400) | (9526268) | 2352868 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Provision for income taxes | 307456 | - | 307456 |
| Net loss | $(7480856) | $(9526268) | $2045412 |

---

*Revenues*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase (Decrease)** |
| Revenue, net |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ondas Networks | $81517 | $445288 | $(363771) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OAS | 10016793 | 1035504 | 8981289 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $10098310 | $1480792 | $8617518 |

---

Our revenues increased by $8,617,518 to $10,098,310 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $1,480,792 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Revenues during the three months ended September 30, 2025, included $5,444,398 for products, $4,591,346 for service and subscriptions, and $62,566 for development agreements. Revenues during the three months ended September 30, 2024, included $150,668 for products, $887,747 for service and subscriptions, and $442,377 for development agreements. The increase in our revenues were primarily the result of approximately $5,294,000 in increased product sales and approximately $3,704,000 in increased service and subscription revenue at OAS from sales of our Optimus System™, Iron Drone Raider™, and Apeiro ground robots with associated services in the three months ended September 30, 2025, but no comparable sales in the three months ended September 30, 2024. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $380,000 in development revenue at Ondas Networks.

*Cost of goods sold*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase (Decrease)** |
| Cost of goods sold |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ondas Networks | $408242 | $525673 | $(117431) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OAS | 7085673 | 907559 | 6178114 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $7493915 | $1433232 | $6060683 |

---

Our cost of goods sold increased by $6,060,683 to $7,493,915 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $1,433,232 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily a result of increased revenue at OAS for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of goods sold at OAS did not increase in the same ratio as revenue due to the increase in product revenue at OAS, which included sales of our Optimus System™ and Iron Drone Raider™, which have higher margins compared to the service and non-recurring engineering development revenue recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2024, which was also adversely impacted by fixed service delivery costs at OAS.

*Gross profit (loss)*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase (Decrease)** |
| Gross profit (loss) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ondas Networks | $(326725) | $(80385) | $(246340) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OAS | 2931120 | 127945 | 2803175 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $2604395 | $47560 | $2556835 |

---

Our gross profit increased by $2,556,835 to $2,604,395 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to a gross profit of $47,560 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 26% and 3%, respectively. The increase in gross profit of 23% is primarily related to the increase in product revenue at OAS, which has higher gross profit margins as compared to the service and non-recurring engineering development revenue recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2024, which was also adversely impacted by fixed service delivery costs at OAS.

*Operating Expenses*

 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase** |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | $10595469 | $4114986 | $6480483 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 2999720 | 1410944 | 1588776 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 4512756 | 3182345 | 1330411 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $18107945 | $8708275 | $9399670 |

---

Our principal operating costs include the following items as a percentage of total expense.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Human resource costs, including benefits | 61% | 38% |
| Travel and entertainment | 2% | 2% |
| Other general and administrative costs: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Professional fees and consulting expenses | 8% | 11% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other expense | 6% | 10% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 8% | 15% |
| Other research and deployment costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment | 12% | 20% |
| Other sales and marketing costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment | 3% | 4% |

---

Operating expenses increased by $9,399,670, or 108%, as a result of the following items:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Human resource costs, including benefits | $7783893 |
| Travel and entertainment | 247758 |
| Other general and administrative costs: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Professional fees and consulting expenses | 467574 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other expense | 131846 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 88955 |
| Other research and development costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment | 483583 |
| Other sales and marketing costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment | 196061 |
|  | $9399670 |

---

The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) An increase of approximately $7,784,000 in human resource costs, including an increase in stock-based compensation at the Company of approximately $4,935,000 for vesting of stock options and Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs") during the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of approximately $1,192,000 in salary and benefit expense related to an increase in headcount and bonus expense in our general and administrative department as we build out our management team at OAS and Ondas Holdings, an increase of approximately $596,000 in salary and benefit expense related to an increase in headcount in our research and development department, an increase of approximately $1,061,000 in salary and benefit expense related to increased headcount in our sales and marketing department to support our growing pipeline;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) An increase of approximately $248,000 in travel and entertainment, primarily related to increased travel for sales and product demonstration opportunities and increased trade show attendance;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) An increase of approximately $468,000 in professional fees and consulting expenses, primarily related to an increase of approximately $770,000 in legal fee costs associated with acquisitions during the quarter, pending acquisitions completed in the fourth quarter, and other corporate matters and strategic initiatives, offset by a decrease of approximately $302,000 in consulting, contractor and other professional expenses as needs were filled through internal hires;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) An increase of approximately $132,000 in other expense, primarily related to company events at Ondas Capital and Airobotics;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) An increase of approximately $484,000 in other research and development costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment, which primarily relates to cloud-based software expenses as we invest in improving our current product line; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vi) An increase of approximately $196,000 in other sales and marketing costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment, which primarily relates to increased consulting expenses, and increased attendance at trade shows and other marketing events and equipment purchases and costs association with demonstrations.

*Operating Loss*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|  | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase** |
| Operating loss | $(15503550) | $(8660715) | $(6842835) |

---

As a result of the foregoing, our operating loss increased by $6,842,835, or 79%, to $15,503,550 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with $8,660,715 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Operating loss increased as a result of the increase of $9,399,670 in operating expenses described above for the three months ended September 30, 2025, partially offset by the increase of $2,556,835 in gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025.

*Total Other Income (Expense), net*

 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|  | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase** |
| Total other income (expense), net | $8330150 | $(865553) | $9195703 |

---

Total other income, net increased by $9,195,703, to $8,330,150 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with total other expense, net of $865,553 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Total other income, net increased primarily as a result of the increase of approximately $8,764,000 in interest and dividend income and unrealized gain on our equity security investments from the cash raised from our 2025 Offerings, see Note 11 – Stockholders' Equity for a summary of the cash raised from financing activities. Combined with a decrease of approximately $427,000 in interest expense, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs for the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes and 2023 Additional Notes during the three months ended September 30, 2025, which were repaid in full during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. For a summary of our outstanding Notes Payable, see Note 10 in the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

*Net Loss*

 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** |
|  | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Decrease** |
| Net loss | $(7480856) | $(9526268) | $2045412 |

---

As a result of the net effects of the foregoing, offset by an increase of approximately $307,000 in our provision for income taxes associated with Apeiro, net loss decreased by $2,045,412, or 21%, to $7,480,856 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with $9,526,268 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Net loss per share of Common Stock, basic and diluted, was $(0.03) for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with $(0.15) for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

<u>Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2024</u>

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase (Decrease)** |
| Revenue, net | $20619880 | $3063652 | $17556228 |
| Cost of goods sold | 13194865 | 3601969 | 9592896 |
| Gross profit (loss) | 7425015 | (538317) | 7963332 |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 22583398 | 12177062 | 10406336 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 7695545 | 4040798 | 3654747 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 12209164 | 9335323 | 2873841 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 42488107 | 25553183 | 16934924 |
| Operating loss | (35063092) | (26091500) | (8971592) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other income (expense), net | 3003192 | (1580588) | 4583780 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss before provision for income taxes | (32059900) | (27672088) | (4387812) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Provision for income taxes | 307456 | - | 307456 |
| Net loss | $(32367356) | $(27672088) | $(4695268) |

---

*Revenues*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase (Decrease)** |
| Revenue, net |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ondas Networks | $488042 | $1416418 | $(928376) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OAS | 20131838 | 1647234 | 18484604 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $20619880 | $3063652 | $17556228 |

---

Our revenues increased by $17,556,228 to $20,619,880 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $3,063,652 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, included $12,273,391 for products, $7,896,114 for service and subscriptions, and $450,375 for development agreements. Revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, included $175,426 for products, $1,495,887 for service and subscriptions, and $1,392,339 for development agreements. The increase in our revenues were primarily the result of approximately $12,098,000 in increased product sales and approximately $6,400,000 in increased service and subscription revenue at OAS from sales of our Optimus System™, Iron Drone Raider™, and Apeiro ground robots with associated services in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, but no comparable sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. These increases were offset by a decrease of approximately $942,000 in development revenue at Ondas Networks during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

*Cost of goods sold*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase (Decrease)** |
| Cost of goods sold: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ondas Networks | $1236132 | $1515774 | $(279642) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OAS | 11958733 | 2086195 | 9872538 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $13194865 | $3601969 | $9592896 |

---

Our cost of goods sold increased by $9,592,896 to $13,194,865 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $3,601,969 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in cost of goods sold was primarily the result of increased revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of goods sold at OAS did not increase in the same ratio as revenue due to the increase in product revenue at OAS, which included sales of our Optimus System™ and Iron Drone Raider™, which has higher margins compared to service and non-recurring engineering development revenue recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which was also adversely impacted by fixed service delivery costs at OAS.

*Gross profit (loss)*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase (Decrease)** |
| Gross profit (loss): |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ondas Networks | $(748090) | $(99356) | $(648734) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OAS | 8173105 | (438961) | 8612066 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $7425015 | $(538317) | $7963332 |

---

Our gross profit increased by $7,963,332 to $7,425,015 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to a gross loss of $538,317 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 36% and (18%), respectively. The increase in gross profit of 54% is primarily related to the increase in product revenue at OAS, which has higher gross profit margins as compared to the service and non-recurring engineering development revenue recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which was also adversely impacted by fixed service delivery costs at OAS.

*Operating Expenses*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase** |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | $22583398 | $12177062 | $10406336 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 7695545 | 4040798 | 3654747 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 12209164 | 9335323 | 2873841 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $42488107 | $25553183 | $16934924 |

---

Our principal operating costs include the following items as a percentage of total expense.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Human resource costs, including benefits | 58% | 41% |
| Travel and entertainment | 3% | 2% |
| Other general and administrative costs: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Professional fees and consulting expenses | 8% | 9% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other expense | 5% | 12% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 10% | 14% |
| Other research and deployment costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment | 13% | 19% |
| Other sales and marketing costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment | 3% | 3% |

---

Operating expenses increased by $16,934,924, or 66%, as a result of the following items:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months<br> Ended September 30,<br> 2025** |
| Human resource costs, including benefits | $14270825 |
| Travel and entertainment | 431795 |
| Other general and administrative costs: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Professional fees and consulting costs | 1280791 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other expense | (722430) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 272779 |
| Other research and development costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment | 838310 |
| Other sales and marketing costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment | 562854 |
|  | $16934924 |

---

The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) An increase of approximately $14,271,000 in human resource costs, including an increase in stock-based compensation at the Company of approximately $7,718,000 for vesting of new stock options and RSUs granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of approximately $1,928,000 related to an increase in taxable fringe benefit expense, for tax on employee benefits such as Company subsidized vehicles, meals, and other expenses, at OAS primarily as the result of an audit by the Israeli government for previous years, an increase of approximately $1,641,000 in salary and benefit expense related to an increase in headcount and bonus expense in our general and administrative department as we build out our management team at OAS and Ondas Holdings, an increase of approximately $1,460,000 in salary and benefit expense related to an increase in headcount and bonus expense in our research and development department, and an increase of approximately $1,524,000 in salary and benefit expense related to an increase in headcount and bonus expense in our sales and marketing department to support our growing pipeline;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) An increase of approximately $432,000 in travel and entertainment, primarily related to increased travel for sales and product demonstration opportunities and increased trade show attendance;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) An increase of approximately $1,281,000 in professional fees and consulting expenses, of which an increase of approximately $901,000 relates to legal fee costs associated with acquisitions during the quarter, pending acquisitions completed in the fourth quarter, debt repayments, and other corporate matters and strategic initiatives, combined with the $550,000 recovery of legal fees from the settlement agreement for legal proceedings related to Ardenna, which reduced our legal fee expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of approximately $170,000 in consulting, contractor and other professional expenses as needs were filled through internal hires;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) A decrease of approximately $722,000 in other expense, primarily related to a decrease of approximately $603,000 in rent and facilities charges primarily at Ondas Networks which was paying two office leases during the nine months ending September 30, 2024 as compared to one lease during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and a reduction in common area shared expenses under their new lease, and approximately $111,000 relates to a reduction in the Company's D&O, E&O and general liability insurance expense;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) An increase of approximately $273,000 in depreciation and amortization related to intangibles acquired in our acquisitions and additional purchases of equipment and leasehold improvements during the nine months ended September 30, 2025;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vi) An increase of approximately $838,000 in other research and development costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment, of which an increase of approximately $2,051,000 occurred at OAS related to an increase of approximately $911,000 in cloud-based software expenses, an increase of approximately $548,000 in use of third-party consultants and allocation of general expenses to research and development, and a one-time settlement of approximately $592,000 for of all amounts due to a vendor under previous development and manufacturing agreements, which reduced other research and development costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was offset by a decrease of approximately $1,213,000 at Ondas Networks primarily related to a decrease in use of third-party research and development contractors and consultants; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vii) An increase of approximately $563,000 in other sales and marketing costs, excluding human resources and travel and entertainment, of which approximately $272,000 relates to an increase in use of sales and marketing third-party contractors and consultants, and approximately $291,000 relates to increased attendance at trade shows and other marketing events and equipment purchases and costs association with demonstrations.

*Operating Loss*

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
|  | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase** |
| Operating loss | $(35063092) | $(26091500) | $(8971592) |

---

As a result of the foregoing, our operating loss increased by $8,971,592 or 34%, to $35,063,092 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with $26,091,500 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Operating loss increased as a result of the increase of $16,934,924 in operating expenses described above for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, partially offset by the increase of $7,963,332 in gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

*Total Other Income (Expense), net*

 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
|  | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase** |
| Total other income (expense), net | $3003192 | $(1580588) | $4583780 |

---

Total other income, net increased by $4,583,780, to $3,003,192 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with the other expense, net of $1,580,588 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Total other income, net increased primarily as a result of the increase of approximately $9,030,000 in interest and dividend income and unrealized gain on our equity security investments from the cash raised from our 2025 Offerings, see Note 11 – Stockholders' Equity for a summary of the cash raised from financing activities. Offset by an increase of approximately $3,515,000 in interest expense, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs for the 2024 Additional Notes, Ondas Networks Convertible Notes, OAS Convertible Notes, and Networks Secured Note. For a summary of our outstanding Notes Payable, see Note 10 in the accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Further offset by an increase in other expense of approximately $931,000 from the change in fair value of government grant liability and foreign exchange loss, net.

*Net Loss*

 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
|  | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **Increase** |
| Net loss | $(32367356) | $(27672088) | $(4695268) |

---

As a result of the net effects of the foregoing, combined with an increase of approximately $307,000 in our provision for income taxes associated with Apeiro, net loss increased by $4,695,268, or 17%, to $32,367,356 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with $27,672,088 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net loss per share of Common Stock, basic and diluted, was $(0.21) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared with $(0.46) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

**<u>Summary of (Uses) and Sources of Cash</u>**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Nine Months Ended <br> September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended <br> September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net cash flows used in operating activities | $(26017625) | $(25360649) |
| Net cash flows used in investing activities | (18743619) | (1659366) |
| Net cash flows provided by financing activities | 448155480 | 14871301 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 403394236 | (12148714) |
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period | 29999321 | 15022000 |
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | $433393557 | $2873286 |

---

 ****

The principal use of cash in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was to fund the Company's current expenses primarily related to operating activities necessary to allow us to service and support customers.

The increase in cash flows used in operating activities of approximately $657,000 was primarily due to an increase in net loss of approximately $4,695,000, of which approximately $5,460,000 related to non-cash and credits, including investment gains, depreciation, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, amortization of intangibles assets, amortization of right of use assets, change in fair value of government grant liability, and stock-based compensation, offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities resulting in a cash outflow of approximately $1,422,000.

The increase in cash flows used in investing activities of approximately $17,084,000 primarily relates to the purchase of equity securities and long-term equity investment of approximately $11,587,000 and cash paid for acquisitions of approximately $6,659,000, offset by a decrease in purchases of equipment of approximately $1,169,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The increase in cash flows provided by financing activities of approximately $433,284,000 primarily relates to the combined net proceeds of approximately $422,309,000 received from 2025 Offerings during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the net proceeds received from the sale of Common Stock in the Company of approximately of $7,327,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, combined with proceeds of approximately $1,158,000 from the exercise of warrants in OAS, the increase in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants of approximately $23,541,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2025. These increases were partially offset by the decrease in net proceeds of approximately $1,937,000 from the issuance of notes payable and convertible notes payable, a decrease in net proceeds of approximately $4,375,000 from the sale of preferred stock in Ondas Networks during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, and a decrease in proceeds, net of repayments, of approximately $85,000 from government grants.

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

We have incurred losses since inception and have funded our operations primarily through debt and the sale of capital stock. As of September 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $268,723,000. As of September 30, 2025, we had net long-term borrowings outstanding of approximately $2,489,000 and short-term borrowings outstanding of approximately $12,541,000, net of debt discount and issuance costs of approximately $177,000, including accrued interest of approximately $712,000, of which approximately $456,000 is due to related parties. As of September 30, 2025, we had cash and restricted cash of approximately $433,394,000 and working capital of approximately $447,568,000. We had approximately $26,018,000 of net cash flows used in operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

In 2024, we raised approximately $36,997,000 of net proceeds from issuance of convertible notes in Ondas Holdings, Ondas Networks, and OAS; approximately $1,422,000 of net proceeds from issuance of secured notes in Ondas Networks; approximately $7,304,000 of net proceeds from issuing Common Stock, warrants in Ondas Holdings, and warrants in OAS; and approximately $4,375,000 in net proceeds from issuing additional redeemable preference shares in Ondas Networks and warrants in Ondas Holdings.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we raised approximately $422,309,000 in proceeds, net of issuance costs, from registered offerings, $24,708,000 from the exercise of stock options and warrants, $923,000 in proceeds, net of issuance costs, from issuance of convertible notes in Ondas Networks, and $365,000 in Israeli government grants to Airobotics.

The Company's audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 included in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Form 10-Q as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025, management concluded that substantial doubt existed about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern due to recurring operating losses and limited liquidity resources.

Management believes the actions discussed above sufficiently alleviate the previously identified conditions that raised substantial doubt, and the Company will have sufficient capital resources to fund its operations for the next twelve months from the date these interim financial statements are issued.

Management has concluded that substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern no longer exists as of the issuance date of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

We expect to fund our operations for the next twelve months from the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q from the cash on hand as of September 30, 2025, gross profits generated from revenue growth, potential prepayments from customers for purchase orders, potential proceeds from warrants issued and outstanding, and additional funds that we may seek through equity or debt offerings and/or borrowings under additional notes payable, lines of credit or other sources.

Our future capital requirements will depend upon many factors, including progress with developing, manufacturing and marketing our technologies, the time and costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining and enforcing patent claims and other proprietary rights, our ability to establish collaborative arrangements, marketing activities and competing technological and market developments, including regulatory changes and overall economic conditions in our target markets. Our ability to generate revenue and achieve profitability requires us to successfully market and secure purchase orders for our products and services from customers currently identified in our sales pipeline as well as new customers. We also will be required to efficiently manufacture and deliver equipment on those purchase orders. These activities, including our planned research and development efforts, will require significant uses of working capital. There can be no assurance that we will generate revenue and cash as expected in our current business plan. We may seek additional funds through equity or debt offerings and/or borrowings under additional notes payable, lines of credit or other sources. We do not know whether additional financing will be available on commercially acceptable terms or at all, when needed. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on commercially acceptable terms, our ability to fund our operations, support the growth of our business or otherwise respond to competitive pressures could be significantly delayed or limited, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial conditions, or results of operations.

**Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements**

As of September 30, 2025, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

**Critical Accounting Estimates**

Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses, as well as related disclosures. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable at the time and under the circumstances, and we evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. Information concerning our critical accounting policies with respect to these items is available in Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," in our 2024 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies since the filing of the 2024 Form 10-K.

**Recent Accounting Pronouncements**

There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies as summarized in Note 2 of our 2024 Form 10-K. We do not expect that the adoption of any recent accounting pronouncements will have a material impact on our accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

**CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

This Report, as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us, contain statements that constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words such as "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "predicts," "projects," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. These forward-looking statements are based on our current, reasonable expectations and assumptions, which expectations and assumptions are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on March 12, 2025, and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, which was filed with the SEC on August 12, 2025. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

**Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.**

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 229.10(f)(1) and are not required to provide information under this item.

**Item 4. Controls and Procedures.**

**Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") as of September 30, 2025. Based on that evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and the Company's Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of September 30, 2025.

As permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, companies are allowed to exclude acquisitions from their assessment of internal control over financial reporting during the first year of an acquisition and management plans to exclude Apeiro from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025.

**Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting** 

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management's evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

**Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures**

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

**PART II - OTHER INFORMATION**

**Item 1. Legal Proceedings.**

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are not currently involved in any legal proceeding or investigation by a governmental agency that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. See Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies for a description of our legal proceedings.

**Item 1A. Risk Factors.**

Our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows may be impacted by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including those set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 12, 2025 (the "2024 Form 10-K"), the occurrence of any one of which could have a material adverse effect on our actual results.

There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors previously disclosed in the 2024 Form 10-K, except as disclosed under Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025.

**Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.**

None, other than those previously disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K and described below.

The shares of the Common Stock that may be issued, at the Company's sole discretion, pursuant to the SPO Agreement as consideration in connection with the SPO Contingent Consideration and SPO Options, will be exempt from registration under the Securities Act, in accordance with Regulation S thereunder. We relied on this exemption from registration based in part on the representations made by the equity holders. See Note 17. "Subsequent Events – SPO Transaction" for a description of the SPO Acquisition.

**Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.**

None.

**Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.**

Not applicable.

**Item 5. Other Information.**

None.

**Item 6. Exhibits.**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit No.** | **Name of Document** |
| 2.1+ | [Share Purchase Agreement, by and amount the Company, Apeiro Motion Ltd., and Mr. Rotem Lesher, solely in his capacity as the representatives, agents and attorneys-in-fact of the Indemnifying Parties, dated August 18, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2025).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1646188/000121390025079939/ea025420201ex2-1_ondas.htm) |
| 2.2+ | [Share Purchase Agreement, by and amount the Company, Smart Precision Optics S.P.O LTD., and Shamir Investment Entrepreneurship ACS LTD., dated August 20, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 26, 2025).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1646188/000121390025080778/ea025438201ex2-1_ondas.htm) |
| 2.3+ | [Side Letter, by and amount the Company, Smart Precision Optics S.P.O LTD., and Shamir Investment Entrepreneurship ACS LTD., dated August 20, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 26, 2025).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1646188/000121390025080778/ea025438201ex2-2_ondas.htm) |
| 2.4+ | [Share Purchase Agreement, by and among the Company, 4M Defense Ltd., Chirokka Holding Ltd., Mr. Itzik Malka, and Mr. Nir Cohen, dated October 24, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2025).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1646188/000121390025102609/ea026245201ex2-1_ondas.htm) |
| 2.5+ | [Share Purchase Agreement, by and among the Company, Sentry CS Ltd, shareholders listed on Exhibit B thereto, and Sagitta Holdco SARL, solely in its capacity as the representative, agent and attorney-in-fact of the Indemnifying Parties (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 4, 2025).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1646188/000121390025105664/ea026367501ex2-1_ondas.htm) |
| 4.1 | [Form of Common Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2025).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1646188/000121390025097080/ea026046201ex1-1_ondas.htm#exc_001) |
| 4.2 | [Form of Pre-Funded Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 7, 2025).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1646188/000121390025097080/ea026046201ex1-1_ondas.htm#exb_001) |
| 10.1 | [Form of OAS Letter Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 3, 2025).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1646188/000121390025095870/ea026010801ex10-1_ondas.htm) |
| 10.2 | [Registration Rights Agreement, dated October 29, 2025, by and among the Company, Mr. Itzik Malka and Mr. Nir Cohen (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 29, 2025).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1646188/000121390025103293/ea026283601ex10-1_ondas.htm) |
| 10.3 | [Letter Agreement, dated July 3, 2025, by and among Ondas Holdings Inc. and the signatories thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 12, 2025).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1646188/000121390025074655/ea025214201ex10-3_ondas.htm) |
| 31.1 | [Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Periodic Report pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) dated November 13, 2025\*](ea026450501ex31-1_ondas.htm) |
| 31.2 | [Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Periodic Report pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) dated November 13, 2025\*](ea026450501ex31-2_ondas.htm) |
| 32.1 | [Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 dated November 13, 2025\*\*](ea026450501ex32-1_ondas.htm) |
| 32.2 | [Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 dated November 13, 2025\*\*](ea026450501ex32-2_ondas.htm) |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document.\* |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.\* |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.\* |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.\* |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.\* |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.\* |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).\* |

---

\* Filed herewith.

\*\* This certification is being furnished and shall not be deemed "filed" with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

+ Schedules and Exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of any omitted schedule upon request.

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| DATE: November 13, 2025 | ONDAS HOLDINGS INC. | ONDAS HOLDINGS INC. |
|  | By: | /s/ Eric A. Brock |
|  |  | Eric A. Brock |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |
|  | By: | /s/ Neil J. Laird |
|  |  | Neil J. Laird |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer and<br> Principal Accounting Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Eric A. Brock, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ondas Holdings Inc.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| |
|:---|
| Date: November 13, 2025 |
| /s/ Eric A. Brock |
| Eric A. Brock |
| Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Neil J. Laird, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Ondas Holdings Inc.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| |
|:---|
| Date: November 13, 2025 |
| /s/ Neil J. Laird |
| Neil J. Laird |
| Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ondas Holdings Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Eric A. Brock, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirement of Section
13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents,
in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: November 13, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Eric A. Brock |
| Eric A. Brock |
| Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

A signed original of this certification has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

## Exhibit 32.2

**Exhibit 32.2**

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Ondas Holdings Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Neil J. Laird, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirement of Section
13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents,
in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: November 13, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Neil J. Laird |
| Neil J. Laird |
| Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

A signed original of this certification has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.