# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001318342
**File Stem:** 0001398344-23-005253
**Filing Date:** 2023-3
**Character Count:** 569007
**Document Hash:** ee7429919d2c168ab1aaf9e16351d6bf
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001398344-23-005253.hdr.sgml**: 20230301

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001398344-23-005253

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 485APOS

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 5

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230301

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230301

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Investment Managers Series Trust
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001318342
- **IRS NUMBER:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 485APOS
- **SEC ACT:** 1940 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 811-21719
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23691704

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 235 WEST GALENA STREET
- **CITY:** MILWAUKEE
- **STATE:** WI
- **ZIP:** 53212
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 626-914-4141

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 235 WEST GALENA STREET
- **CITY:** MILWAUKEE
- **STATE:** WI
- **ZIP:** 53212

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Claymore Trust
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20050603

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Claymore Equity Trust
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20050218
**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Investment Managers Series Trust
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001318342
- **IRS NUMBER:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 485APOS
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-122901
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23691703

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 235 WEST GALENA STREET
- **CITY:** MILWAUKEE
- **STATE:** WI
- **ZIP:** 53212
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 626-914-4141

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 235 WEST GALENA STREET
- **CITY:** MILWAUKEE
- **STATE:** WI
- **ZIP:** 53212

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Claymore Trust
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20050603

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Claymore Equity Trust
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20050218

## Series and Classes Contracts Data

### AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund (Series ID: S000062618)

| Class ID   | Class Name     | Ticker Symbol   |
|:---|:---|:---|
| C000203106 | Class A Shares | APRAX           |
| C000203107 | Class C Shares | APRCX           |
| C000203108 | Class I Shares | APRIX           |

AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON MARCH 1, 2023

REGISTRATION NOS. 333-122901

811-21719

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549**

**FORM N-1A**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | [ ] |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PRE-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. | [ ] |
| POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT <u>NO. 1201</u> | [X] |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AND/OR |  |

---

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 [ ] <br> AMENDMENT <u>NO. 1214</u> [X]

**<u>INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST</u>**

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

235 W. Galena Street

Milwaukee, WI 53212

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)

Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (626) 385-5777

Diane J. Drake

Mutual Fund Administration, LLC

2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226

Glendora, CA 91740

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

COPIES TO:

Laurie Anne Dee

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP

600 Anton Boulevard, Suite 1800

Costa Mesa, CA 92626

*It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):*

[ ] immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485; or

[ ] on **__________** pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485; or

[ ] 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485;

[X] on May 1, 2023 pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485; or

[ ] 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485; or

[ ] on __________ pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485; or

[ ] on __________ pursuant to paragraph (a)(3) of Rule 485.

If appropriate, check the following box:

[ ] This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

![](fp0082430_01.jpg)

**AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund**

Class A (Ticker Symbol: APRAX)

Class C (Ticker Symbol: APRCX)

Class I (Ticker Symbol: APRIX)

**PROSPECTUS**

**May 1, 2023**

**The Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

**AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund**

*A series of Investment Managers Series Trust (the "Trust")*

**Table of Contents**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Summary Section** | **1** |
| **More About the Fund's Investment Objective, Principal Investment Strategies and Risks** | **7** |
| **Management of the Fund** | **12** |
| **Distribution and Shareholder Service Plan** | **13** |
| **Your Account with the Fund** | **14** |
| **Dividends and Distributions** | **29** |
| **Federal Income Tax Consequences** | **30** |
| **Financial Highlights** | **32** |
| **Appendix A – Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries** | **33** |
| **For More Information** | **39** |

---

**This Prospectus sets forth basic information about the Fund that you should know before investing. It should be read and retained for future reference.**

**The date of this Prospectus is May 1, 2023.**

**SUMMARY SECTION - AAM/PHOCAS REAL ESTATE FUND**

**Investment Objective**

The investment objective of the AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund (the "Fund") is to seek long-term total investment return through a combination of capital appreciation and current income.

**Fees and Expenses of the Fund**

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Class A Shares of the Fund. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in the sections titled "YOUR ACCOUNT WITH THE FUND - Class A Shares" on page [17] of this Prospectus and in "APPENDIX A – Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries" of the Prospectus.

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Class A**<br> **Shares** |  | **Class C**<br> **Shares** |  | **Class I**<br> **Shares** |
| **Shareholder Fees**<br> *(fees paid directly from your investment)* | **Shareholder Fees**<br> *(fees paid directly from your investment)* | **Shareholder Fees**<br> *(fees paid directly from your investment)* | **Shareholder Fees**<br> *(fees paid directly from your investment)* | **Shareholder Fees**<br> *(fees paid directly from your investment)* | **Shareholder Fees**<br> *(fees paid directly from your investment)* | **Shareholder Fees**<br> *(fees paid directly from your investment)* |
|  Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases (as a percentage of offering price) |  | 5.50% |  |  |  |  |
|  Maximum deferred sales charge (load) (as a percentage of the lesser of the value redeemed or the amount invested) |  | 1.00%<sup>1</sup> |  | 1.00%<sup>1</sup> |  |  |
|  Redemption fee if redeemed within 90 days of purchase (as a percentage of amount redeemed) |  | 2.00% |  | 2.00% |  | 2.00% |
| Wire fee |  | $20 |  | $20 |  | $20 |
| Overnight check delivery fee |  | $25 |  | $25 |  | $25 |
|  Retirement account fees (annual maintenance fee)  |  | $15 |  | $15 |  | $15 |
| **Annual Fund Operating Expenses**<br> *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* | **Annual Fund Operating Expenses**<br> *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* | **Annual Fund Operating Expenses**<br> *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* | **Annual Fund Operating Expenses**<br> *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* | **Annual Fund Operating Expenses**<br> *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* | **Annual Fund Operating Expenses**<br> *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* | **Annual Fund Operating Expenses**<br> *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* |
| Management fees |  | 0.65% |  | 0.65% |  | 0.65% |
| Distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees |  | 0.25% |  | 1.00% |  |  |
| Other expenses |  | [ ]% |  | [ ]% |  | [ ]% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Shareholder service fees | [ ]% |  | [ ]% |  | [ ]% |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; All other expenses | [ ]% |  | [ ]% |  | [ ]% |  |
| **Total annual fund operating expenses** |  | **[ ]%** |  | **[ ]%** |  | **[ ]%** |
|  Fees waived and/or expenses reimbursed<sup>2</sup> |  | ([ ]%) |  | ([ ]%) |  | ([ ]%) |
|  **Total annual fund operating expenses after waiving fees and/or reimbursing expenses**<sup>2</sup> |  | **[ ]%** |  | **[ ]%** |  | **[ ]%** |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | For Class A Shares, no sales charge applies on investments of $1 million or more, but a contingent deferred sales charge ("CDSC") of 1.00% will be imposed to the extent a finder's fee was paid on certain redemptions of such shares within 18 months of the date of purchase. Class C Shares of the Fund are subject to a CDSC of 1.00% on any shares sold within 12 months of the date of purchase. |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 2 | The Fund's advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Fund to ensure that total annual fund operating expenses (excluding, as applicable, any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with SEC Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed 1.15%, 1.90%, and 0.90% of the average daily net assets of the Class A, Class C and Class I Shares of the Fund, respectively. This agreement is in effect until April 30, 2033, and it may be terminated before that date only by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Fund's advisor is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Fund, subject to certain limitations, of fees waived or payments made to the Fund for a period ending three full years after the date of the waiver or payment. This reimbursement may be requested from the Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Fund's annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. |

---

***<u>Example</u>***

This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. The example reflects the Fund's contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement only for the term of the contractual fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement.

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **One Year** | **Three Years** | **Five Years** | **Ten Years** |
| Class A Shares | $[ ] | $[ ] | $[ ] | $[ ] |
| Class C Shares | $[ ] | $[ ] | $[ ] | $[ ] |
| Class I Shares | $[ ] | $[ ] | $[ ] | $[ ] |

---

You would pay the following expenses on Class C Shares if you did not redeem your shares:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **One Year** | **Three Years** | **Five Years** | **Ten Years** |
| Class C Shares | $[ ] | $[ ] | $[ ] | $[ ] |

---

**Portfolio Turnover**

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the portfolio turnover rate of the Fund was [ ]% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of equity real estate investment trusts ("REITs") and companies of any size market capitalization which primarily own, manage and invest in underlying real estate assets. Therefore, the Fund invests at least 25% of its net assets (i.e., concentrates) in the real estate industry. The Fund seeks to maintain a portfolio with continuous exposure to most of the following real estate sectors: offices, industrial properties, retail, malls, shopping centers, apartments, lodging, storage and specialty and health care facilities. The Fund may invest in securities of non-U.S. issuers that trade on U.S. or foreign exchanges, including foreign securities from emerging markets. The Fund invests primarily in common and preferred stock.

In selecting securities for the Fund's portfolio, the Fund's sub-advisor, Phocas Financial Corporation (the "Sub-Advisor"), uses a disciplined process that focuses on the following factors: asset valuation, management quality, prospective growth rates, quality and location of the real estate held, debt leverage and overall balance sheet quality, quality of income streams, conflicts of interest, insider stock ownership, and other factors.

The Sub-Advisor will consider selling a security given one or more of the following circumstances: loss of management focus, management's inability to increase shareholder value, balance sheet deterioration, exorbitant pricing relative to underlying value, or the Fund requires cash to meet redemption requests.

The Fund is "non-diversified" under the 1940 Act, which means that it may invest more of its assets in fewer issuers than "diversified" mutual funds.

**Principal Risks of Investing**

Risk is inherent in all investing and you could lose money by investing in the Fund. A summary description of certain principal risks of investing in the Fund is set forth below. Before you decide whether to invest in the Fund, carefully consider these risk factors associated with investing in the Fund, which may cause investors to lose money. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives.

**Real Estate Industry Risk.** Because the Fund concentrates its net assets in the real estate industry (by investing in REITs and other companies that invest in real estate assets), it is particularly vulnerable to the risks of the real estate industry. Declines in real estate values, changes in interest rates, economic downturns, overbuilding and changes in zoning laws and government regulations can have a significant negative effect on companies in the real estate industry. The Fund's investments in non-U.S. REITs are subject to the risks associated with foreign investments and emerging markets generally including different legal and accounting standards than U.S. companies, less regulations, less liquid securities markets, and volatility in the prices of securities due to economic and social conditions abroad, political developments, and changes in the regulatory environments of foreign countries.

**Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) Risk.** In addition to the risks associated with securities of companies participating in the real estate industry, such as declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, decreases in property revenues, and increases in prevailing interest rates, property taxes and operating expenses, REITs are subject to certain other risks related to their structure and focus. REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. A REIT could possibly fail to qualify for favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment and so become subject to additional income tax liability that could cause to liquidate investments, borrow funds under adverse conditions or fail, or to maintain its exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940 ("1940 Act"). Various factors including the above may also adversely affect a borrower's or a lessee's ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In addition, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. By investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, in addition to bearing a proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, shareholders of the Fund will also indirectly bear similar expenses of the REITs in which the Fund invests.

**Market Risk.** The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or other events could have a significant impact on a security or instrument. The market value of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry.

**Non-Diversification Risk.** The Fund is classified as "non-diversified," which means the Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. Investment in securities of a limited number of issuers exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potential losses than if its assets were diversified among the securities of a greater number of issuers.

**Equity Securities Risk.** The value of the equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific companies in which the Fund invests.

**Management and Strategy Risk.** The value of your investment depends on the judgment of the Sub-Advisor about the quality, relative yield, value or market trends affecting a particular security, industry, sector or region, which may prove to be incorrect.

**Market Capitalization Risk.** Larger, more established companies may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies during periods of economic expansion. The securities of small, mid- and micro-capitalization companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements and may have lower trading volumes or more erratic trading than securities of larger, more established companies or market averages in general. In addition, such companies typically are more likely to be adversely affected than large capitalization companies by changes in earning results, business prospects, investor expectations or poor economic or market conditions.

**Preferred Stock Risk.** Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stock, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation of the company. The market value of preferred stock is subject to company-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities and is also sensitive to changes in the company's creditworthiness, the ability of the company to make payments on the preferred stock, and changes in interest rates, typically declining in value if interest rates rise.

**Foreign Investment Risk.** The prices of foreign securities may be more volatile than the prices of securities of U.S. issuers because of economic and social conditions abroad, political developments, and changes in the regulatory environments of foreign countries. Changes in exchange rates and interest rates, and the imposition of sanctions, confiscations, trade restrictions (including tariffs) and other government restrictions by the United States and/or other governments may adversely affect the values of the Fund's foreign investments. Foreign companies are generally subject to different legal and accounting standards than U.S. companies, and foreign financial intermediaries may be subject to less supervision and regulation than U.S. financial firms.

**Emerging Markets Risk.** Many of the risks with respect to foreign investments are more pronounced for investments in issuers in developing or emerging market countries. Emerging market countries tend to have more government exchange controls, more volatile interest and currency exchange rates, less market regulation, and less developed and less stable economic, political and legal systems than those of more developed countries. There may be less publicly available and reliable information about issuers in emerging markets than is available about issuers in more developed markets. In addition, emerging market countries may experience high levels of inflation and may have less liquid securities markets and less efficient trading and settlement systems.

**Recent Market Events.** Periods of market volatility may occur in response to market events and other economic, political, and global macro factors. For example, in recent years the COVID-19 pandemic, the large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and the rise of inflation have resulted in extreme volatility in the global economy and in global financial markets. These and other similar events could be prolonged and could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund's investments, impair the Fund's ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the Fund's performance.

**Cybersecurity Risk.** Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, and/or other service providers (including custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality. In an extreme case, a shareholder's ability to exchange or redeem Fund shares may be affected. Issuers of securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks, and the value of those securities could decline if the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents.

**Performance**

The bar chart and table below provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund's performance from year to year for Class I Shares and by showing how the average annual total returns of Class I Shares and Class A Shares of the Fund compare with the average annual total returns of a broad-based market index. As of the date of this Prospectus, Class C Shares of the Fund are not offered and therefore have no performance information to report. Class C Shares of the Fund would have substantially similar performance as Class I Shares because the shares are invested in the same portfolio of securities and the annual returns would generally differ only to the extent that the expenses of Class C Shares are higher. Updated performance information is available at the Fund's website, <u>www.aamlive.com/publicsite/mutual-funds</u> or by calling the Fund at 1-888-966-9661.

The Fund commenced operations and acquired the assets and liabilities of the Phocas Real Estate Fund (the "Predecessor Fund"), a series of Forum Funds II, on August 24, 2018. As a result of the acquisition, the Fund is the accounting successor of the Predecessor Fund. Performance results shown in the bar chart and the performance table below prior to August 24, 2018, reflect the performance of the Predecessor Fund. The Fund's past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

**Calendar-Year Total Return (before taxes) for Class I Shares**

For each calendar year at NAV

**[Bar chart to be provided by amendment.]**

The year-to-date return as of March 31, 2023 was [ ]%.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Class I Shares** | | |
| Highest Calendar Quarter Return at NAV | [18.85]% | Quarter Ended [12/31/2021] |
| Lowest Calendar Quarter Return at NAV | [(22.65)]% | Quarter Ended [3/31/2020] |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Average Annual Total Returns** <br> ***(for periods ended December 31, 2022)***  | **1 Year** | **5 Years** | **10 Years** |
| Class I Shares – Return Before Taxes | [ ]% | [ ]% | [ ]% |
| Class I Shares – Return After Taxes on Distributions\* | [ ]% | [ ]% | [ ]% |
| Class I Shares – Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares\* | [ ]% | [ ]% | [ ]% |
| Class A Shares – Return Before Taxes\*\* | [ ]% | [ ]% | [ ]% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&P US REIT TR (USD) Index <br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)  | [ ]% | [ ]% | [ ]% |

---

\* After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After–tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown for Class I Shares only and after-tax returns for classes other than Class I will vary from returns shown for Class I.

\*\* Class A Shares were first offered on August 27, 2018. The performance figures for Class A Shares include the performance for Class I Shares for the period prior to August 27, 2018, adjusted for Class A Shares' expenses, which are higher than the expenses of Class I Shares.

**Investment Advisor and Sub-Advisor**

Advisors Asset Management, Inc. (the "Advisor" or "AAM") is the Fund's investment advisor. Phocas Financial Corporation (the "Sub-Advisor" or "Phocas") is the Fund's sub-advisor.

**Portfolio Managers**

William Schaff, CFA, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Sub-Advisor, and James Murray, CFA, Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Advisor, are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio and have served as portfolio managers since the Predecessor Fund's inception in September 2006.

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

To purchase shares of the Fund, you must invest at least the minimum amount. Currently, Class C Shares are not available for purchase.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Minimum Investments** | **To Open** <br> **Your Account** | **To Add to** <br> **Your Account** |
| **Class A and C Shares** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Direct Regular Accounts | $2500 | $500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Direct Retirement Accounts | $2500 | $500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Automatic Investment Plan | $2500 | $100 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gift Account For Minors | $2500 | $500 |
| **Class I Shares** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All Accounts | $25000 | $5000 |

---

Fund shares are redeemable on any business day the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") is open for business, by written request or by telephone.

Class I Shares' minimum initial investment, additional investment and account size requirements will be waived for shareholders who were shareholders of the Predecessor Fund as of August 24, 2018.

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions are generally taxable, and will ordinarily be taxed as ordinary income, qualified dividend income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax- advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Shareholders investing through such tax- advantaged arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.

**Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries**

If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.

**MORE ABOUT THE FUND'S INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund's investment objective is to seek long-term total investment return through a combination of capital appreciation and current income. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The Fund's investment objective is non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval, upon at least 60 days' prior written notice to shareholders. The Fund's investment strategies and policies may be changed from time to time without shareholder approval or prior written notice, unless specifically stated otherwise in this Prospectus or the SAI.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

Under normal market conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of equity REITs and companies of any size market capitalization which primarily own, manage and invest in underlying real estate assets. An equity REIT invests primarily in the fee ownership of land and buildings. An equity REIT derives its income primarily from rental income and may also realize capital gains or losses by selling real estate properties in its portfolio that have appreciated or depreciated in value. The Fund seeks to maintain a portfolio with continuous exposure to most of the following real estate sectors: offices, industrial properties, retail, malls, shopping centers, apartments, lodging, storage, specialty and health care facilities. The Fund's policy of investing 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in equity REITs and other companies that invest in underlying real estate assets may only be changed with 60 days' prior written notice to shareholders. The Fund may invest in securities of non-U.S. issuers that trade on U.S. or foreign exchanges, including foreign securities from emerging markets. The Fund invests primarily in common and preferred stock.

*Portfolio Selection Process*

In selecting securities for the Fund's portfolio, the Sub-Advisor uses a disciplined process that focuses on the following factors: asset valuation, management quality, prospective growth rates, quality and location of real estate held, debt leverage and overall balance sheet quality, quality of income streams, conflicts of interest, insider stock ownership, and other factors.

When selecting securities for the Fund's portfolio, the Sub-Advisor seeks a balance of quality and growth at attractive risk-adjusted valuations. The Sub-Advisor utilizes investment models that are designed to prevent the Fund from overpaying for securities. The Sub-Advisor seeks to have continuous exposure to most real estate sectors and to minimize exposure to what it considers the riskiest real estate sectors. The Sub-Advisor believes that this approach may sacrifice performance at times but is consistent with the preservation of capital.

The Sub-Advisor may sell all or a portion of a position of the Fund's portfolio holding when in its opinion one or more of the following occurs, among other reasons: (1) loss of management focus; (2) management's inability to increase shareholder value; (3) balance sheet deterioration; (4) exorbitant pricing relative to underlying value and excessive position overweighting; or (5) the Fund requires cash to meet redemption requests.

The Fund is "non-diversified" under the 1940 Act, which means that it may invest more of its assets in fewer issuers than "diversified" mutual funds.

*Real Estate Investment Trusts*

The real estate companies in which the Fund invests include REITs. The REITs in which the Fund invests are primarily Equity REITs. Equity REITs, which invest the majority of their assets directly in real property, derive their income primarily from rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. A REIT is generally not taxed on income distributed to shareholders so long as it meets certain tax-related requirements, including the requirement that it distribute substantially all of its taxable income to such shareholders (other than net capital gains for each taxable year). REITs tend to pay relatively higher dividends than other types of companies.

*Cash and Temporary Defensive Positions*

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will stay fully invested according to its principal investment strategies as noted above. When the Sub-Advisor believes that current market, economic, political or other conditions are unsuitable and would impair the pursuit of the Fund's investment objectives, the Fund may invest some or all of its assets in cash or cash equivalents, including but not limited to obligations of the U.S. government, money market fund shares, commercial paper, certificates of deposit and/or bankers acceptances, as well as other interest bearing or discount obligations or debt instruments that carry an investment grade rating by a national rating agency. When the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective.

**Principal Risks of Investing**

The Fund's principal risks are set forth below. Before you decide whether to invest in the Fund, carefully consider these risk factors and special considerations associated with investing in the Fund, which may cause you to lose money.

● **Real Estate Industry Risk.** Because the Fund concentrates its net assets in the real estate industry (by investing in REITs and other companies that invest in real estate assets), it is particularly vulnerable to the risks of the real estate industry. Declines in real estate values, changes in interest rates, economic downturns, overbuilding and changes in zoning laws and government regulations can have a significant negative effect on companies in the real estate industry. Extended vacancies, a decline in rental income, failure to collect rents, increased competition from other properties and poor management can also affect the value and performance of companies that invest in real estate assets. The Fund's investments in non-U.S. REITs are subject to the risks associated with foreign investments and emerging markets generally including different legal and accounting standards than U.S. companies, less regulations, less liquid securities markets, and volatility in the prices of securities due to economic and social conditions abroad, political developments, and changes in the regulatory environments of foreign countries.

● **REIT Risk.** In addition to the risks of securities linked to the real estate industry, REITs are subject to certain other risks related to their structure and focus. REITs are dependent upon management skills and generally may not be diversified. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, REITs could possibly fail to (i) qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally available to them under applicable tax law, or (ii) maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower's or a lessee's ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments.

○ Equity REITs will be affected by changes in the values of and incomes from the properties they own. REITs are subject to other risks as well, including the fact that REITs are dependent on specialized management skills which may affect their ability to generate cash flow for operating purposes and to make distributions to shareholders or unitholders. REITs may have limited diversification and are subject to the risks associated with obtaining financing for real property.

○ A U.S. domestic REIT can pass its income through to shareholders or unitholders without any tax on the REIT level if it complies with various requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. There is the risk that a REIT held by the Fund will fail to qualify for this tax-free pass-through treatment of its income. Similarly, REITs formed under the laws of non-U.S. countries may fail to qualify for corporate tax benefits made available by the governments of such countries.

○ By investing in REITs indirectly through the Fund, in addition to bearing a proportionate share of the expenses of the Fund, shareholders of the Fund will also indirectly bear similar expenses of the REITs in which the Fund invests.

● **Market Risk.** The market price of a security or instrument may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic or political conditions throughout the world, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. The market value of a security or instrument also may decline because of factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, acts of terrorism, the spread of infectious illness or other public health issues, or other events could have a significant impact on a security or instrument. For example, the financial crisis that began in 2007 caused a significant decline in the value and liquidity of many securities; in particular, the values of some sovereign debt and of securities of issuers that invest in sovereign debt and related investments fell, credit became more scarce worldwide and there was significant uncertainty in the markets. More recently, Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the COVID-19 pandemic have negatively affected the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, the financial health of individual companies and the market in general in significant and unforeseen ways. Such environments could make identifying investment risks and opportunities especially difficult for the Sub-Advisor. In response to these crises, the United States and other governments have taken steps to support financial markets. The withdrawal of this support or failure of efforts in response to a crisis could negatively affect financial markets generally as well as the value and liquidity of certain securities. In addition, policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries are changing many aspects of financial regulation. The impact of these changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time.

● **Non-Diversification Risk.** The Fund is classified as "non-diversified," which means the Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. Investment in securities of a limited number of issuers exposes the Fund to greater market risk and potential losses than if its assets were diversified among the securities of a greater number of issuers.

● **Equity Securities Risk.** The value of equity securities held by the Fund may fall due to general market and economic conditions, perceptions regarding the industries in which the issuers of securities held by the Fund participate, or factors relating to specific companies in which the Fund invests. The price of common stock of an issuer in the Fund's portfolio may decline if the issuer fails to make anticipated dividend payments because, among other reasons, the financial condition of the issuer declines. Common stock is subordinated to preferred stocks, bonds and other debt instruments in a company's capital structure in terms of priority with respect to corporate income, and therefore will be subject to greater dividend risk than preferred stocks or debt instruments of such issuers. In addition, while broad market measures of common stocks have historically generated higher average returns than fixed income securities, common stocks have also experienced significantly more volatility in those returns.

● **Management and Strategy Risk.** The value of your investment depends on the judgment of the Sub-Advisor about the quality, relative yield, value or market trends affecting a particular security, industry, sector or region, which may prove to be incorrect. Investment strategies employed by the Sub-Advisor in selecting investments for the Fund may not result in an increase in the value of your investment or in overall performance equal to other investments.

● **Market Capitalization Risk.** Larger, more established companies may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies during periods of economic expansion. In addition, large-capitalization companies may be unable to respond quickly to new competitive challenges, such as changes in technology and consumer tastes, and may be more prone to global economic risks. Investing in small-capitalization, mid-capitalization and micro-capitalization companies generally involves greater risks than investing in large-capitalization companies. Small-, mid-, or micro-cap companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources or may depend on the expertise of a few people and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than securities of larger, more established companies or market averages in general. Many small capitalization companies may be in the early stages of development. Since equity securities of smaller companies may lack sufficient market liquidity and may not be regularly traded, it may be difficult or impossible to sell securities at an advantageous time or a desirable price.

● **Preferred Stock Risk.** Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation of the company. Preferred stocks may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return. The market value of preferred stock is subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities and is sensitive to changes in the issuer's creditworthiness, the ability of the issuer to make payments on the preferred stock and changes in interest rates, typically declining in value if interest rates rise. In addition, a company's preferred stock generally pays dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt. Therefore, the value of preferred stock will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the company's financial condition or prospects.

● **Foreign Investment Risk.** Investments in foreign securities are affected by risk factors generally not thought to be present in the United States. The prices of foreign securities may be more volatile than the prices of securities of U.S. issuers because of economic and social conditions abroad, political developments, and changes in the regulatory environments of foreign countries. Special risks associated with investments in foreign markets include less liquidity, less developed or less efficient trading markets, lack of comprehensive company information, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, greater risks associated with counterparties and settlement, and difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations. Changes in exchange rates and interest rates, and the imposition of foreign taxes, sanctions, confiscations, trade restrictions (including tariffs) and other government restrictions by the United States and/or other governments may adversely affect the values of the Fund's foreign investments. Foreign companies are generally subject to different legal and accounting standards than U.S. companies, and foreign financial intermediaries may be subject to less supervision and regulation than U.S. financial firms.

● **Emerging Market Risk.** Many of the risks with respect to foreign investments are more pronounced for investments in issuers in developing or emerging market countries. Emerging market countries tend to have more government exchange controls, more volatile interest and currency exchange rates, less market regulation, and less developed and less stable economic, political and legal systems than those of more developed countries. There may be less publicly available and reliable information about issuers in emerging markets than is available about issuers in more developed capital markets, and such issuers may not be subject to regulatory, accounting, auditing, and financial reporting and recordkeeping standards comparable to those to which U.S. companies are subject. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB"), which regulates auditors of U.S. public companies, for example, is unable to inspect audit work and practices in certain countries, such as China. In addition, emerging market countries may experience high levels of inflation and may have less liquid securities markets and less efficient trading and settlement systems. Their economies also depend heavily upon international trade and may be adversely affected by protective trade barriers and the economic conditions of their trading partners. Emerging market countries may have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar and may not be traded internationally. Some countries with emerging securities markets have experienced high rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain countries. Emerging markets typically have substantially less volume than U.S. markets, securities in these markets are less liquid, and their prices often are more volatile than those of comparable U.S. companies. Securities markets in emerging markets may also be susceptible to manipulation or other fraudulent trade practices, which could disrupt the functioning of these markets or adversely affect the value of investments traded in these markets, including investments of the Fund. The Fund's rights with respect to its investments in emerging markets, if any, will generally be governed by local law, which may make it difficult or impossible for the Fund to pursue legal remedies or to obtain and enforce judgments in local courts. Delays may occur in settling securities transactions in emerging market countries, which could adversely affect the Fund's ability to make or liquidate investments in those markets in a timely fashion. In addition, it may not be possible for the Fund to find satisfactory custodial services in an emerging market country, which could increase the Fund's costs and cause delays in the transportation and custody of its investments. There may also be restrictions on imports from certain countries, such as Russia, and dealings with certain state-sponsored entities. For example, following Russia's large-scale invasion of Ukraine, the President of the United States signed an Executive Order in February 2022 prohibiting U.S. persons from entering transactions with the Central Bank of Russia, and Executive Orders in March 2022 prohibiting U.S. persons from importing oil and gas from Russia as well as other popular Russian exports, such as diamonds, seafood and vodka. There may also be restrictions on investments in Chinese companies. For example, the President of the United States signed an Executive Order in June 2021 affirming and expanding the U.S. policy prohibiting U.S. persons from purchasing or investing in publicly-traded securities of companies identified by the U.S. Government as "Communist Chinese military companies." The list of such companies can change from time to time, and as a result of forced selling or an inability to participate in an investment the Advisor otherwise believes is attractive, the Fund may incur losses. Any of these factors may adversely affect the Fund's performance or the Fund's ability to pursue its investment objective.

● **Recent Market Events.** Periods of market volatility may occur in response to market events and other economic, political, and global macro factors. The COVID-19 pandemic, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and higher inflation have resulted in extreme volatility in the financial markets, economic downturns around the world, and severe losses, particularly to some sectors of the economy and individual issuers, and reduced liquidity of certain instruments. These events have caused significant disruptions to business operations, including business closures; strained healthcare systems; disruptions to supply chains and employee availability; large fluctuations in consumer demand; large expansion of government deficits and debt as a result of government actions to mitigate the effects of such events; and widespread uncertainty regarding the long-term effects of such events.

Governments and central banks, including the Federal Reserve in the United States, took extraordinary and unprecedented actions to support local and global economies and the financial markets in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including by keeping interest rates at historically low levels for an extended period. The Federal Reserve concluded its market support activities in 2022 and began to raise interest rates in an effort to fight inflation. The Federal Reserve may determine to raise interest rates further. This and other government intervention into the economy and financial markets to address the pandemic, inflation, or other significant events in the future, may not work as intended, particularly if the efforts are perceived by investors as being unlikely to achieve the desired results.

Such events could be prolonged and could adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Fund's investments, impair the Fund's ability to satisfy redemption requests, and negatively impact the Fund's performance. Other market events may cause similar disruptions and effects.

● **Cybersecurity Risk.** Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets, customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, and/or other service providers (including custodians, sub-custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches, data corruption or loss of operational functionality. A cybersecurity incident may disrupt the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund's ability to calculate its net asset values, and prevent shareholders from redeeming their shares. Issuers of securities in which the Fund invests are also subject to cybersecurity risks, and the value of those securities could decline if the issuers experience cybersecurity incidents.

**Portfolio Holdings Information**

A description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund's portfolio securities is available in the Fund's SAI. Currently, disclosure of the Fund's holdings is required to be made quarterly within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter, in the Fund's Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report to Fund shareholders, and in the Fund's monthly holdings report on Form N-PORT.

**MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND**

**Investment Advisor and Sub-Advisor**

The Advisor, Advisors Asset Management, Inc., 18925 Base Camp Road, Suite 203, Monument, Colorado 80132, is registered as an investment advisor with the SEC. As the Fund's investment advisor, pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Trust (the "Advisory Agreement"), AAM provides investment advisory services to the Fund, including: (i) the selection, oversight, termination and replacement of sub-advisors; (ii) ensuring quality control of the Sub-Advisor's investment process; and (iii) monitoring and measuring the Fund's risk and return against appropriate benchmarks and peers. The Advisor provides investment advice to high-net worth and retail investors. As of December 31, 2022, the Advisor had approximately $3.7 billion in assets under management.

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Fund pays the Advisor an annual advisory fee of 0.65% of the Fund's average daily net assets for the services and facilities it provides, payable on a monthly basis. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Advisor received advisory fees of 0.13% of the Fund's average daily net assets, after waiving fees pursuant to its expense limitation agreement with the Trust on behalf of the Fund.

The Fund's Sub-Advisor, Phocas Financial Corporation, 1080 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 520, Alameda, California 94501, is registered as an investment advisor with the SEC, and, pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement with the Advisor (the "Sub-Advisory Agreement"), is responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio, selection of the Fund's portfolio investments and supervision of its portfolio transactions subject to the general oversight of the Board and the Advisor. Phocas has provided investment advisory services to individual and institutional accounts since 2005. As of December 31, 2022, Phocas had approximately $790 million in assets under management.

[A discussion regarding the basis for the Board's approval of the Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement will be included in the Fund's Annual Report to shareholders dated as of December 31, 2022.]

**Portfolio Managers**

William Schaff and James Murray are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's portfolio.

**William Schaff, CFA.** Mr. Schaff founded Phocas in June 2005 and has served as a portfolio manager since the Predecessor Fund's inception in September 2006. From 1986 to 2005, Mr. Schaff managed institutional equity portfolios and mutual funds for Bay Isle Financial LLC, Janus Capital Group, Berger LLC, and the Undiscovered Managers organization. Mr. Schaff was President and Chief Investment Officer of Bay Isle Financial LLC before it became a fully-owned subsidiary of Janus Capital Management. Mr. Schaff was the lead portfolio manager of the Undiscovered Managers REIT Fund from January 1998 through December 31, 2003. Mr. Schaff was the sole manager of the Janus World Funds Plc US REIT Fund from September 2003 through February 2005. Mr. Schaff was also the lead portfolio manager of the Janus Adviser Small Company Value Fund (formerly named Janus Adviser Small Cap Value Fund) from April 2002 to February 2005. Mr. Schaff holds a Masters degree in Engineering from the University of California, Davis. He also holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a member of the Security Analysts of San Francisco. Formerly, Mr. Schaff served as Trustee and Chairperson of the Investment Committee of Alameda County Employee's Retirement Association from 1998 to 2003.

**James Murray, CFA.** Mr. Murray was one of three original partners at Phocas starting in June 2005 and has served as a portfolio manager since the Predecessor Fund's inception in September 2006. Prior to this, Mr. Murray was the Senior REIT Analyst for Bay Isle Financial Institutional REIT portfolios and a mutual fund and institutional trader from 1999 to 2005. Mr. Murray earned a B.A. degree in economics from Kenyon College. He holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a member of the Security Analysts of San Francisco.

The SAI provides additional information about each portfolio manager's method of compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio manager's ownership of securities in the Fund.

**Other Service Providers**

IMST Distributors, LLC (the "Distributor") is the Trust's principal underwriter and acts as the Trust's distributor in connection with the offering of Fund shares. The Distributor may enter into agreements with banks, broker-dealers, or other financial intermediaries through which investors may purchase or redeem shares. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust, the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor or any other service provider for the Fund.

**Fund Expenses**

The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses (all of which will be borne directly or indirectly by the Fund's shareholders), including among others, legal fees and expenses of counsel to the Fund and the Fund's Independent Trustees; insurance (including Trustees' and officers' errors and omissions insurance); auditing and accounting expenses; taxes and governmental fees; listing fees; fees and expenses of the Fund's custodians, administrators, transfer agents, registrars and other service providers; expenses for portfolio pricing services by a pricing agent, if any; expenses in connection with the issuance and offering of shares; brokerage commissions and other costs of acquiring or disposing of any portfolio holding of the Fund; and any litigation expenses.

The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Fund to ensure that the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed the percentage stated below:

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|:---|:---|:---|
| **Expense Limit as a Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets** | **Expense Limit as a Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets** | **Expense Limit as a Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets** |
| **Class A** | **Class C** | **Class I** |
| 1.15% | 1.90% | 0.90% |

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The agreement is in effect until April 30, 2033, and it may be terminated before that date only by the Trust's Board of Trustees.

Any reduction in advisory fees or payment of the Fund's expenses made by the Advisor in a fiscal year may be reimbursed by the Fund for a period ending three full years after the date of reduction or payment if the Advisor so requests. This reimbursement may be requested from the Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Fund's annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. However, the reimbursement amount may not exceed the total amount of fees waived and/or Fund expenses paid by the Advisor and will not include any amounts previously reimbursed to the Advisor by the Fund. Any such reimbursement is contingent upon the Board's subsequent review of the reimbursed amounts. The Fund must pay current ordinary operating expenses with respect to a class before the Advisor is entitled to any reimbursement of fees and/or Fund expenses.

**DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICE PLAN**

**Distribution and Service (Rule 12b-1) Fees**

The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has adopted a Rule 12b-1 plan (the "12b-1 Plan") with respect to the Fund's Class A Shares and Class C Shares. Under the 12b-1 Plan, the Fund pays to the Distributor distribution fees in connection with the sale and distribution of the Fund's Class A and Class C Shares and/or shareholder liaison service fees in connection with the provision of personal services to shareholders of each such Class and the maintenance of their shareholder accounts.

For Class A Shares, the maximum annual fee payable to the Distributor for such distribution and/or shareholder liaison services is 0.25% of the average daily net assets of such shares. For Class C Shares, the maximum annual fees payable to the Distributor for distribution services and shareholder liaison services are 0.75% and 0.25%, respectively, of the average daily net assets attributable to such shares. The Distributor may pay any or all amounts received under the 12b-1 Plan to other persons for any distribution or shareholder liaison services provided by such persons to the Fund. Payments under the 12b-1 Plan are not tied exclusively to distribution expenses actually incurred by the Distributor or others and the payments may exceed or be less than the amount of expenses actually incurred.

To promote the sale of the Fund's Class C Shares and to pay for certain shareholder liaison services, the Distributor may pay broker-dealers up to 1.00% of the amount invested by their clients in the Class C Shares of the Fund at the time the shares are purchased (which includes prepayment of the first year's 0.25% shareholder liaison service fee). These up-front payments to broker-dealers are financed solely by the Advisor. However, the Distributor receives and can pay as reimbursement to the Advisor all of the 12b-1 fees with respect to such shares. During the first 12 months, the Advisor may retain the full 1.00% 12b-1 fee to recoup the up-front payment advanced at the time of purchase. After the Distributor has reimbursed the Advisor for the amounts that the Advisor has financed, the broker-dealers will receive the ongoing 12b-1 fees associated with their clients' investments.

Because the Fund pays distribution fees on an ongoing basis, your investment cost over time will increase and may be higher than paying other types of sales charges.

To assist investors in comparing classes of shares, the table under the Prospectus heading "Fees and Expenses of the Fund" provides a summary of expenses and an example of the sales charges and expenses of the Fund applicable to each class of shares offered in this Prospectus.

Class I Shares are not subject to any distribution or service fees under the 12b-1 Plan.

**Shareholder Service Fee**

The Fund may pay a fee at an annual rate of up to 0.15% of its average daily net assets to shareholder servicing agents. Shareholder servicing agents provide non-distribution administrative and support services to their customers, which may include establishing and maintaining accounts and records relating to shareholders, processing dividend and distribution payments from the Fund on behalf of shareholders, forwarding communications from the Fund, providing sub-accounting with respect to Fund shares, and other similar services.

**Additional Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries**

The Advisor may pay service fees to intermediaries such as banks, broker-dealers, financial advisors or other financial institutions, some of which may be affiliates, for sub-administration, sub-transfer agency and other shareholder services associated with shareholders whose shares are held of record in omnibus accounts, other group accounts or accounts traded through registered securities clearing agents.

The Advisor, out of its own resources, and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide additional cash payments or non-cash compensation to broker-dealers or intermediaries that sell shares of the Fund. These additional cash payments are generally made to intermediaries that provide shareholder servicing, marketing support and/or access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the intermediary. The Advisor may pay cash compensation for inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, or in other sales programs, or may pay an expense reimbursement in cases where the intermediary provides shareholder services to the Fund's shareholders. The Advisor may also pay cash compensation in the form of finder's fees that vary depending on the dollar amount of the shares sold.

These additional payments may give your financial intermediary an incentive to sell and recommend the Fund over other products for which it may receive less compensation. You may contact your financial intermediary if you want information regarding the payments it receives.

**YOUR ACCOUNT WITH THE FUND**

**Share Price**

The offering price of each class of the Fund's shares is the NAV of that class (plus any sales charges, as applicable). The difference among the classes' NAVs reflects the daily expense accruals of the distribution fees applicable to Class A Shares and Class C Shares. The Fund's NAVs are calculated as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, the normal close of regular trading on the NYSE, on each day the NYSE is open for trading. If for example, the NYSE closes at 1:00 p.m. New York time, the Fund's NAVs would still be determined as of 4:00 p.m. New York time. In this example, portfolio securities traded on the NYSE would be valued at their closing prices unless the Advisor determines that a "fair value" adjustment is appropriate due to subsequent events. The NAV for each class is determined by dividing the value of the Fund's portfolio securities, cash and other assets (including accrued interest) allocable to such class, less all liabilities (including accrued expenses) allocable to such class, by the total number of outstanding shares of such class. The Fund's NAVs may be calculated earlier if permitted by the SEC. The NYSE is closed on weekends and most U.S. national holidays. However, foreign securities listed primarily on non-U.S. markets may trade on weekends or other days on which the Fund does not value its shares, which may significantly affect the Fund's NAVs on days when you are not able to buy or sell Fund shares.

The Fund's securities generally are valued at market price. Securities are valued at fair value when market quotations are not readily available. The Board has designated the Advisor as the Fund's valuation designee (the "Valuation Designee") to make all fair value determinations with respect to the Fund's portfolio investments, subject to the Board's oversight. As the Valuation Designee, the Advisor adopted and implemented policies and procedures to be followed when the Fund must utilize fair value pricing, including when reliable market quotations are not readily available, when the Fund's pricing service does not provide a valuation (or provides a valuation that, in the judgment of the Advisor, does not represent the security's fair value), or when, in the judgment of the Advisor, events have rendered the market value unreliable (see, for example, the discussion of fair value pricing of foreign securities in the paragraph below). Valuing securities at fair value involves reliance on the judgment of the Advisor, and may result in a different price being used in the calculation of the Fund's NAVs from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Fair value determinations are made by the Advisor, in good faith, in accordance with procedures approved by the Board. There can be no assurance that the Fund will obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it sells the security.

In certain circumstances, the Advisor employs fair value pricing to ensure greater accuracy in determining daily the Fund's NAVs and to prevent dilution by frequent traders or market timers who seek to exploit temporary market anomalies. Fair value pricing may be applied to foreign securities held by the Fund upon the occurrence of an event after the close of trading on non-U.S. markets but before the close of trading on the NYSE when the Fund's NAVs are determined. If the event may result in a material adjustment to the price of the Fund's foreign securities once non-U.S. markets open on the following business day (such as, for example, a significant surge or decline in the U.S. market), the Advisor may value such foreign securities at fair value, taking into account the effect of such event, in order to calculate the Fund's NAVs.

Other types of portfolio securities that the Advisor may fair value include, but are not limited to: (1) investments that are illiquid or traded infrequently, including "restricted" securities and private placements for which there is no public market; (2) investments for which, in the judgment of the Advisor, the market price is stale; (3) securities of an issuer that has entered into a restructuring; (4) securities for which trading has been halted or suspended; and (5) fixed income securities for which there is no current market value quotation.

Pricing services generally value debt securities assuming orderly transactions of an institutional round lot size, but such securities may be held or transactions may be conducted in such securities in smaller, odd lot sizes. Odd lots often trade at lower prices than institutional round lots.

**Purchase of Shares**

This Prospectus offers three classes of shares of the Fund, designated as Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares. Currently, Class C Shares are not available for purchase.

● Class A Shares generally incur sales loads at the time of purchase and are subject to annual distribution and shareholder service fees.

● Class C Shares generally incur contingent deferred sales loads ("CDSC") on any shares sold within 12 months of purchase and are subject to annual distribution and shareholder service fees.

● Class I Shares are not subject to any sales loads or distribution fees but are subject to shareholder service fees.

By offering multiple classes of shares, the Fund permits each investor to choose the class of shares that is most beneficial given the type of investor, the amount to be invested and the length of time the investor expects to hold the shares.

Before you invest, you should compare the features of each share class, so that you can choose the class that is right for you. When selecting a share class, you should consider the following:

● which shares classes are available to you;

● how long you expect to own your shares;

● how much you intend to invest;

● total costs and expenses associated with a particular share class; and

● whether you qualify for any reduction or waiver of sales charges.

Class A and Class C Shares are generally available to all investors; however, share class availability depends upon your financial intermediary's policies and procedures. Class I Shares are subject to different eligibility requirements, fees and expenses, and may have different minimum investment requirements. For eligible investors, Class I Shares may be more suitable than Class A or Class C Shares. You should consult with your financial advisor for more information to determine which share class is most appropriate for your situation.

Each class of shares generally has the same rights, except for the differing sales loads, distribution fees, and related expenses associated with each class of shares, and the exclusive voting rights by each class with respect to any distribution plan or service plan for such class of shares. Please see the specific features available to each class of shares as discussed below.

To purchase shares of the Fund, you must invest at least the minimum amount indicated in the following table.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Minimum Investments** | **To Open** <br> **Your Account** | **To Add to** <br> **Your Account** |
| **Class A and C Shares** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Direct Regular Accounts | $2500 | $500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Direct Retirement Accounts | $2500 | $500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Automatic Investment Plan | $2500 | $100 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gift Account For Minors | $2500 | $500 |
| **Class I Shares** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All Accounts | $25000 | $5000 |

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Class I Shares' minimum initial investment, additional investment and account size requirements will be waived for shareholders who were shareholders of the Predecessor Fund as of August 24, 2018.

Shares of the Fund may be purchased by check, by wire transfer of funds via a bank or through an approved financial intermediary (i.e., a supermarket, investment advisor, financial planner or consultant, broker, dealer or other investment professional and their agents) authorized by the Fund to receive purchase orders. Financial intermediaries may provide varying arrangements for their clients to purchase and redeem shares, which may include different sales charges as described in this Prospectus, additional fees and different investment minimums. In addition, from time to time, a financial intermediary may modify or waive the initial and subsequent investment minimums. Your financial intermediary may receive different compensation for selling Class A and Class C Shares due to different sales charges among the share classes. Please see "Class A Shares – Sales Charge Schedule" on page [17], "Class C Shares – Class C Shares Purchase Programs" on page [20], and "Appendix A – Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries." The share classes your financial intermediary sells may depend on, among other things, the type of investor account and the policies, procedures and practices adopted by your financial intermediary. You should review these arrangements with your financial intermediary.

You may make an initial investment in an amount greater than the minimum amounts shown in the preceding table and the Fund may, from time to time, reduce or waive the minimum initial investment amounts. The minimum initial investment amount is automatically waived for Fund shares purchased by Trustees of the Trust and current or retired directors and employees of the Advisor and its affiliates.

To the extent allowed by applicable law, the Fund reserves the right to discontinue offering shares at any time or to cease operating entirely.

**Class A Shares**

Class A Shares of the Fund are sold at the public offering price, which is the NAV plus an initial maximum sales charge which varies with the amount you invest as shown in the following chart. This means that part of your investment in the Fund will be used to pay the sales charge.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Class A Shares—Sales Charge Schedule** | **Class A Shares—Sales Charge Schedule** | **Class A Shares—Sales Charge Schedule** | **Class A Shares—Sales Charge Schedule** |
| **Your Investment** | **Front-End Sales Charge**<br> **as a % of Offering Price\*** | **Front-End Sales Charge**<br> **as a % of Net Investment** | **Dealer Reallowance <br> as a % of Offering Price** |
| Up to $49,999 | 5.50% | 5.82% | 5.00% |
| $50000-$99999 | 4.75% | 4.99% | 4.25% |
| $100000-$249999 | 3.75% | 3.90% | 3.25% |
| $250000-$499999 | 2.75% | 2.83% | 2.50% |
| $500000-$999999 | 2.00% | 2.04% | 1.75% |
| $1 million or more | See below\*\* | See below\*\* | See below\*\* |

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\* The offering price includes the sales charge.

\*\* There is no initial sales charge on purchases of Class A Shares in an account or accounts with an accumulated value of $1 million or more, but a CDSC of 1.00% will be imposed to the extent a finder's fee was paid on certain redemptions within 18 months of the date of purchase. See the "Large Order Net Asset Value Purchase Privilege" section on page [19].

Because of rounding in the calculation of front-end sales charges, the actual front-end sales charge paid by an investor may be higher or lower than the percentages noted above. No sales charge is imposed on Class A Shares received from reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions.

**Class A Shares Purchase Programs**

Eligible purchasers of Class A Shares also may be entitled to reduced sales charges through the *Quantity Discount* programs offered by the Fund as discussed below. Eligible purchasers of Class A Shares also may be entitled to waived sales charges as discussed below under "*Net Asset Value Purchases"* and "*Large Order Net Asset Value Purchase Privilege"*. The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts will depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. As described in Appendix A to this Prospectus, financial intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or CDSC waivers. In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts. Please see "Appendix A – Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries" of the Prospectus for a description of waivers or discounts available through certain intermediaries.

***Quantity Discounts***

When purchasing Class A Shares, if the dollar amount of your purchase reaches a specified level, known as a *breakpoint*, you are entitled to pay a discounted initial sales charge. For example, a purchase of up to $49,999 of Class A Shares of the Fund would pay an initial charge of 5.50%, while a purchase of $50,000 would pay an initial charge of 4.75%. There are several breakpoints for the Fund, as shown in the "Class A Shares - Sales Charge Schedule" table above. The greater the investment, the greater the sales charge discount. Investments above $1,000,000 have no front-end sales charge but may be subject to a CDSC (please see *Large Order Net Asset Value Purchase Privilege* below for more information).

You may lower your Class A sales charges for the Fund if:

● you assure the Fund in writing that you intend to invest at least $50,000 in Class A Shares of the Fund over the next 13 months in exchange for a reduced sales charge ("Letter of Intent") (see below); or

● the amount of Class A Shares you already own in the Fund plus the amount you intend to invest in Class A Shares is at least $50,000 in the Fund ("Cumulative Discount") (see below).

By signing a Letter of Intent you can purchase shares of the Fund at a lower sales charge level. Your individual purchases will be made at the applicable sales charge based on the amount you intend to invest over a 13-month period as stated in the Letter of Intent. Purchases resulting from the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains do not apply toward fulfillment of the Letter of Intent. Shares equal to 5.50% with respect to Fund of the amount stated in the Letter of Intent will be held in escrow during the 13-month period. If, at the end of the period, the total net amount invested is less than the amount stated in the Letter of Intent, you will be required to pay the difference between the reduced sales charge and the sales charge applicable to the individual net amounts invested had the Letter of Intent not been in effect. This amount will be obtained from redemption of the escrowed shares. Any remaining escrowed shares after payment to the Fund of the difference in applicable sales charges will be released to you. If you establish a Letter of Intent with the Fund, you can aggregate your accounts as well as the accounts of your immediate family members. You will need to provide written instructions with respect to the other accounts whose purchases should be considered in fulfillment of the Letter of Intent.

You may qualify for a reduced initial sales charge on purchases of Class A Shares under rights of accumulation ("ROA"). For ROA, you may take into account accumulated holdings in all Class A Shares and Class C Shares of the Fund and any other fund managed by the Advisor that were purchased previously for accounts (a) (i) in your name, (ii) in the name of your spouse, (iii) in the name of you and your spouse, or (iv) in the name of your minor child under the age of 21, and (b) sharing the same mailing address ("Accounts"). Subject to your financial institution's capabilities, your accumulated holdings will be calculated as the higher of (a) the current value of your existing holdings (as of the day prior to your additional Fund investment) or (b) the amount you invested (including reinvested dividends and capital gains, but excluding capital appreciation) less any withdrawals. The transaction processing procedures maintained by certain financial institutions through which you can purchase Fund shares may restrict the universe of Accounts considered for purposes of calculating a reduced sales charge under ROA. For example, the processing procedures of a financial institution may limit Accounts to those that share the same tax identification number or mailing address and that are maintained only with that financial institution. The Fund permits financial institutions to calculate ROA based on the financial institution's transaction processing procedures. Please contact your financial institution before investing to determine the process used to identify Accounts for ROA purposes. The Fund may amend or terminate this right of accumulation at any time.

The Letter of Intent, Cumulative Discount and Rights of Accumulation are intended to let you combine investments made at other times for purposes of calculating your present sales charge. Any time you can use any of these quantity discounts to "move" your investment into a lower sales charge level, it is generally beneficial for you to do so.

For purposes of determining whether you are eligible for a reduced Class A sales charge, you and your immediate family members (i.e., your spouse or domestic partner, your children or stepchildren age 21 or younger and your siblings) may aggregate your investments in the Fund. This includes, for example, investments held in a retirement account, an employee benefit plan, or through a financial advisor other than the one handling your current purchase. These combined investments will be valued at their current offering price to determine whether your current investment amount qualifies for a reduced sales charge.

You must notify the Fund or an approved financial intermediary at the time of purchase whenever a quantity discount is applicable to purchases and you may be required to provide the Fund, or an approved financial intermediary, with certain information or records to verify your eligibility for a quantity discount. Such information or records may include account statements or other records regarding the shares of the Fund held in all accounts (*e.g.*, retirement accounts) by you and other eligible persons, which may include accounts held at the Fund or at other approved financial intermediaries. Upon such notification, you will pay the sales charge at the lowest applicable sales charge level. You should retain any records necessary to substantiate the purchase price of the Fund's shares, as the Fund and approved financial intermediaries may not retain this information.

Information about sales charges can be found on the Fund's website <u>www.aamlive.com/publicsite/mutual-funds</u>, obtained by calling the Fund at 1-888-966-9661 or you can consult with your financial representative*.***

***Net Asset Value Purchases***. Class A Shares are available for purchase without a sales charge if you are:

● reinvesting dividends or distributions;

● participating in a fee-based program (such as a wrap account) under which you pay advisory fees to a broker-dealer or other financial institution;

● a broker-dealer or other financial institution that has entered into an agreement with the Fund's Distributor to offer Fund shares in self-directed investment brokerage accounts (please see Appendix A for a list of financial institutions that have these arrangements);

● a financial intermediary purchasing on behalf of its clients that: (i) is compensated by clients on a fee-only basis, including but not limited to investment advisors, financial planners, and bank trust departments; or (ii) has entered into an agreement with the Fund to offer Class A Shares through a no-load network or platform (please see Appendix A for a list of financial intermediaries that have these arrangements);

● a current Trustee of the Trust; or

● an employee (including the employee's spouse, domestic partner, children, grandchildren, parents, grandparents, siblings and any dependent of the employee, as defined in Section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) of the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and their affiliates or of a broker-dealer authorized to sell shares of the Fund.

Your financial advisor or the Fund's transfer agent (the "Transfer Agent") can answer your questions and help you determine if you are eligible.

***Large Order Net Asset Value Purchase Privilege***

There is no initial sales charge on purchases of Class A Shares in an account or accounts with an accumulated value of $1 million or more, but a CDSC of 1.00% will be imposed to the extent a finder's fee was paid in the event of certain redemptions within 18 months of the date of purchase. From its own profits and resources, the Advisor may pay a finder's fee to authorized dealers that initiate or are responsible for purchases of $1 million or more of Class A Shares of the Fund, in accordance with the following fee schedule: 1.00% on amounts less than $3 million, 0.50% of the next $2 million, and 0.25% thereafter. Please see Appendix A for a list of authorized dealers that have these arrangements. If a dealer is not listed in Appendix A, such dealer has agreed to waive its receipt of the finder's fee described above, and the CDSC on Class A Shares generally will be waived.

A CDSC will be waived in the following circumstances:

● if you are a current Trustee of the Trust; or

● if you are an employee (including the employee's spouse, domestic partner, children, grandchildren, parents, grandparents, siblings and any dependent of the employee, as defined in Section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) of the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and their affiliates or of a broker-dealer authorized to sell shares of the Fund.

Your financial advisor or the Transfer Agent can answer your questions and help you determine if you are eligible.

**Class C Shares**

Class C Shares are designed for retail investors and are available for purchase only through an approved broker-dealer or financial intermediary. Under the 12b-1 Plan, a distribution fee at an annual rate of 0.75% of average daily net assets and an administrative services fee at an annual rate of 0.25% of average daily net assets are deducted from the assets of the Fund's Class C Shares.

Class C Shares of the Fund are sold at NAV and are subject to a CDSC of 1.00% on any shares you sell within 12 months of purchasing them.

The CDSC is assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the then current market value of the shares or the historical cost of the shares (which is the amount actually paid for the shares at the time of purchase) being redeemed. Accordingly, no CDSC is imposed on increases in the NAV above the initial purchase price. You should retain any records necessary to substantiate the historical cost of your shares, as the Fund and authorized dealers may not retain this information. In addition, no CDSC is assessed on shares received from reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions. The Fund will not accept a purchase order for Class C Shares in the amount of $1 million or more.

In determining whether a CDSC applies to a redemption, the Fund assumes that the shares being redeemed first are any shares in your account that are not subject to a CDSC, followed by shares held the longest in your account.

Information on sales charges can also be found on the Fund's website at <u>www.aamlive.com/publicsite/mutual-funds</u>, or obtained by calling the Fund at 1-888-966-9661, or consulting with your financial advisor.

**Class C Shares Purchase Programs**

The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts will depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. As described in Appendix A to this Prospectus, financial intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of CDSC waivers. In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts. Please see "Appendix A – Waivers and Discounts Available from Intermediaries" of the Prospectus for a description of waivers or discounts available through certain intermediaries.

As described below, eligible purchasers of Class C Shares may be entitled to the elimination of CDSC. You may be required to provide the Fund, or its authorized dealer, with certain information or records to verify your eligibility.

A CDSC will not be applied in the following cases:

● upon the conversion of Class C Shares into another class of shares of the Fund;

● upon distributions from an account of a redemption resulting from the death or disability (as defined in Section 72(t)(2)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended) of a registered owner or a registered joint owner occurring after the purchase of the shares being redeemed. In the case of accounts established under the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act or Uniform Transfers to Minors Act or trust accounts, the waiver applies upon the death of all beneficial owners;

● upon returns of excess contributions; or

● upon the following types of transactions, provided such withdrawals do not exceed 12% of the account annually:

● redemptions due to receiving required minimum distributions upon reaching age 70 ½ (required minimum distributions that continue to be taken by the beneficiary(ies) after the account owner is deceased also qualify for the waiver); and

● redemptions through an automatic withdrawal plan (including any dividends and/or capital gain distributions taken in cash).

Your financial advisor or the Transfer Agent can answer questions and help determine if you are eligible.

Currently, Class C Shares are not available for purchase.

**Class I Shares**

To purchase Class I Shares of the Fund, you generally must invest at least $25,000. Class I Shares are not subject to any initial sales charge. No CDSC is imposed on redemptions of Class I Shares, and you do not pay any ongoing distribution fees.

Class I Shares are available for purchase by clients of financial intermediaries who charge such clients an ongoing fee for advisory, investment, consulting or similar services. Such clients may include individuals, corporations, endowments and foundations.

**Additional Share Purchase Programs**

Listed below are some of the shareholder services the Fund offer to investors. For a more complete description of the Fund's shareholder services, such as investment accounts, retirement plans, automated clearing house deposits, dividend diversification and the systematic withdrawal plan, please contact your authorized dealer.

***Purchases by Telephone***. Investors may purchase additional shares from the Fund by calling 1-888-966-9661. If elected on your account application, telephone orders will be accepted via electronic funds transfer from your bank account through the Automated Clearing House ("ACH") network. You must have banking information established on your account prior to making a purchase. Your shares will be purchased at the public offering price (the NAV next calculated after receipt of your purchase order plus any applicable sales charge).

***Dividend Reinvestment***. You may reinvest dividends and capital gains distributions in shares of the Fund. Such shares are acquired at NAV (without a sales charge) on the applicable payable date of the dividend or capital gain distribution. Unless the shareholder instructs otherwise, dividends and distributions are automatically reinvested in shares of the same class of the Fund paying the dividend or distribution. Dividends and distributions are subject to federal income tax regardless of whether received in cash or invested in additional shares. This instruction may be made by writing to the Transfer Agent or by telephone by calling 1-888-966-9661. The investor may, on the account application form or prior to any declaration, instruct that dividends and/or capital gain distributions be paid in cash or be reinvested in the Fund at the next determined NAV. If you elect to receive dividends and/or capital gain distributions in cash and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver the check, or if a check remains outstanding for six months or more, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account at the Fund's current NAV and to reinvest all subsequent distributions.

***In-Kind Purchases and Redemptions***

The Fund reserves the right to accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Fund. The Fund also reserves the right to pay redemptions by an "in-kind" distribution of portfolio securities (instead of cash) from the Fund. In-kind purchases and redemptions are generally taxable events and may result in the recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. See the SAI for further information about the terms of these purchases and redemptions.

***Additional Investments***

Additional subscriptions in the Fund generally may be made by investing at least the minimum amount shown in the table above. Exceptions may be made at the Fund's discretion. You may purchase additional shares of the Fund by sending a check together with the investment stub from your most recent account statement to the Fund at the applicable address listed in the table below. Please ensure that you include your account number on the check. If you do not have the investment stub from your account statement, list your name, address and account number on a separate sheet of paper and include it with your check. You may also make additional investments in the Fund by wire transfer of funds or through an approved financial intermediary. The minimum additional investment amount is automatically waived for shares purchased by Trustees of the Trust and current or retired directors and employees of the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and their affiliates. Please follow the procedures described in this Prospectus.

**Customer Identification Information**

To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. When you open an account, you will be asked for your name, date of birth (for a natural person), your residential address or principal place of business, and mailing address, if different, as well as your Social Security Number or Taxpayer Identification Number. Additional information is required for corporations, partnerships and other entities, including the name, residential address, date of birth and Social Security Number of the underlying beneficial owners and authorized control persons of entity owners. Applications without such information will not be considered in good order. The Fund reserves the right to deny any application if the application is not in good order.

This Prospectus should not be considered a solicitation to purchase or as an offer to sell shares of the Fund in any jurisdiction where it would be unlawful to do so under the laws of that jurisdiction. Please note that the value of your account may be transferred to the appropriate state if no activity occurs in the account within the time period specified by state law.

**Automatic Investment Plan**

If you intend to use the Automatic Investment Plan ("AIP"), you may open your account with the initial minimum investment amount. Once an account has been opened, you may make additional investments in the Fund at regular intervals through the AIP. If elected on your account application, funds can be automatically transferred from your checking or savings account on the 5<sup>th</sup>, 10<sup>th</sup>, 15<sup>th</sup>, 20<sup>th</sup> or 25<sup>th</sup> of each month. In order to participate in the AIP, each additional subscription must be at least $100, and your financial institution must be a member of the ACH network. The first AIP purchase will be made 15 days after the Transfer Agent receives your request in good order. The Transfer Agent will charge a $25 fee for any ACH payment that is rejected by your bank. Your AIP will be terminated if two successive mailings we send to you are returned by the U.S. Postal Service as undeliverable. You may terminate your participation in the AIP at any time by notifying the Transfer Agent at 1-888-966-9661, at least five days prior to the date of the next AIP transfer. The Fund may modify or terminate the AIP at any time without notice.

**Timing and Nature of Requests**

The purchase price you will pay for the Fund's shares will be the next NAV (plus any sales charge, as applicable) calculated after the Transfer Agent or your authorized financial intermediary receives your request in good order. "Good order" means that your purchase request includes: (1) the name of the Fund, (2) the dollar amount of shares to be purchased, (3) your purchase application or investment stub, and (4) a check payable to **AAM Funds**. All requests received in good order before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on any business day will be processed on that same day. Requests received at or after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) will be transacted at the next business day's NAV. All purchases must be made in U.S. dollars and drawn on U.S. financial institutions.

**Methods of Buying**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| ***Through a broker-*** <br> ***dealer or other*** <br> ***financial*** <br> ***intermediary***  | The Fund is offered through certain approved financial intermediaries (and their agents). The Fund is also offered directly. A purchase order placed with a financial intermediary or its authorized agent is treated as if such order were placed directly with the Fund, and will be deemed to have been received by the Fund when the financial intermediary or its authorized agent receives the order and executed at the next NAV (plus any sales charge, as applicable) calculated by the Fund. Your financial intermediary will hold your shares in a pooled account in its (or its agent's) name. The Fund or the Advisor may pay your financial intermediary (or its agent) to maintain your individual ownership information, maintain required records, and provide other shareholder services. A financial intermediary which offers shares may charge its individual clients transaction fees which may be in addition to those described in this Prospectus. If you invest through your financial intermediary, its policies and fees may be different than those described in this Prospectus. For example, the financial intermediary may charge transaction fees or set different minimum investments. Your financial intermediary is responsible for processing your order correctly and promptly, keeping you advised of the status of your account, confirming your transactions and ensuring that you receive copies of the Fund's Prospectus. Please contact your financial intermediary to determine whether it is an approved financial intermediary of the Fund or for additional information. | The Fund is offered through certain approved financial intermediaries (and their agents). The Fund is also offered directly. A purchase order placed with a financial intermediary or its authorized agent is treated as if such order were placed directly with the Fund, and will be deemed to have been received by the Fund when the financial intermediary or its authorized agent receives the order and executed at the next NAV (plus any sales charge, as applicable) calculated by the Fund. Your financial intermediary will hold your shares in a pooled account in its (or its agent's) name. The Fund or the Advisor may pay your financial intermediary (or its agent) to maintain your individual ownership information, maintain required records, and provide other shareholder services. A financial intermediary which offers shares may charge its individual clients transaction fees which may be in addition to those described in this Prospectus. If you invest through your financial intermediary, its policies and fees may be different than those described in this Prospectus. For example, the financial intermediary may charge transaction fees or set different minimum investments. Your financial intermediary is responsible for processing your order correctly and promptly, keeping you advised of the status of your account, confirming your transactions and ensuring that you receive copies of the Fund's Prospectus. Please contact your financial intermediary to determine whether it is an approved financial intermediary of the Fund or for additional information. |
| ***By mail*** | The Fund will not accept payment in cash, including cashier's checks. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept third party checks, Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler's checks, money orders or starter checks for the purchase of shares. All checks must be made in U.S. dollars and drawn on U.S. financial institutions. | The Fund will not accept payment in cash, including cashier's checks. Also, to prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept third party checks, Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler's checks, money orders or starter checks for the purchase of shares. All checks must be made in U.S. dollars and drawn on U.S. financial institutions. |
|  | To buy shares directly from the Fund by mail, complete an account application and send it together with your check for the amount you wish to invest to the Fund at the address indicated below. To make additional investments once you have opened your account, write your account number on the check and send it to the Fund together with the most recent confirmation statement received from the Transfer Agent. If your check is returned for insufficient funds, your purchase will be canceled and a $25 fee will be assessed against your account by the Transfer Agent. | To buy shares directly from the Fund by mail, complete an account application and send it together with your check for the amount you wish to invest to the Fund at the address indicated below. To make additional investments once you have opened your account, write your account number on the check and send it to the Fund together with the most recent confirmation statement received from the Transfer Agent. If your check is returned for insufficient funds, your purchase will be canceled and a $25 fee will be assessed against your account by the Transfer Agent. |
|  | **Regular Mail**<br> **AAM Funds**<br> P.O. Box 2175<br> Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 | **Overnight Delivery**<br> **AAM Funds**<br> 235 West Galena Street<br> Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 |
|  | ***The Fund does not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be its agents.*** | ***The Fund does not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be its agents.*** |
| ***By telephone*** | To make additional investments by telephone, you must authorize telephone purchases on your account application. If you have given authorization for telephone transactions and your account has been open for at least 15 days, call the Transfer Agent toll-free at 1-888-966-9661 and you will be allowed to move money in amounts of at least $500 from your bank account to the Fund account upon request. Only bank accounts held at U.S. institutions that are ACH members may be used for telephone transactions. If your order is placed before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day shares will be purchased in your account at the NAV (plus any sales charge, applicable) as calculated on that day. Orders received at or after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) will be transacted at the next business day's NAV. For security reasons, requests by telephone will be recorded. | To make additional investments by telephone, you must authorize telephone purchases on your account application. If you have given authorization for telephone transactions and your account has been open for at least 15 days, call the Transfer Agent toll-free at 1-888-966-9661 and you will be allowed to move money in amounts of at least $500 from your bank account to the Fund account upon request. Only bank accounts held at U.S. institutions that are ACH members may be used for telephone transactions. If your order is placed before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day shares will be purchased in your account at the NAV (plus any sales charge, applicable) as calculated on that day. Orders received at or after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) will be transacted at the next business day's NAV. For security reasons, requests by telephone will be recorded. |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| ***By wire*** | To open an account by wire, a completed account application form must be received by the Fund before your wire can be accepted. You may mail or send by overnight delivery your account application form to the Transfer Agent. Upon receipt of your completed account application form, an account will be established for you. The account number assigned to you will be required as part of the wiring instruction that should be provided to your bank to send the wire. Your bank must include the name of the Fund, the account number, and your name so that monies can be correctly applied. Your bank should transmit monies by wire to: |
|  | **UMB Bank, n.a.** <br> ABA Number 101000695 <br> **For credit to AAM Funds** <br> A/C # 987 201 3735 <br> **For further credit to:** <br> Your account number <br> [Fund Name] <br> Name(s) of investor(s) <br> Social Security Number or Taxpayer Identification Number  |
|  | Before sending your wire, please contact the Transfer Agent at 1-888-966-9661 to notify it of your intention to wire funds. This will ensure prompt and accurate credit upon receipt of your wire. Your bank may charge a fee for its wiring service. |
|  | Wired funds must be received prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day to be eligible for same day pricing. **The Fund and UMB Bank, n.a. are not responsible for the consequences of delays resulting from the banking or Federal Reserve wire system, or from incomplete wiring instructions.** |

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**Selling (Redeeming) Fund Shares**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| ***Through a broker-*** <br> ***dealer or other*** <br> ***financial*** <br> ***intermediary***  | If you purchased your shares through an approved financial intermediary, your redemption order must be placed through the same financial intermediary. Such financial intermediaries are authorized to designate other financial intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Fund's behalf. The Fund will be deemed to have received a redemption order when a financial intermediary (or its authorized agent) receives the order. The financial intermediary must receive your redemption order prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day for the redemption to be processed at the current day's NAV. Orders received at or after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day or on a day when the Fund does not value its shares will be transacted at the next business day's NAV. Please keep in mind that your financial intermediary may charge additional fees for its services. In the event your approved financial intermediary is no longer available or in operation, you may place your redemption order directly with the Fund as described below. | If you purchased your shares through an approved financial intermediary, your redemption order must be placed through the same financial intermediary. Such financial intermediaries are authorized to designate other financial intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Fund's behalf. The Fund will be deemed to have received a redemption order when a financial intermediary (or its authorized agent) receives the order. The financial intermediary must receive your redemption order prior to 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day for the redemption to be processed at the current day's NAV. Orders received at or after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on a business day or on a day when the Fund does not value its shares will be transacted at the next business day's NAV. Please keep in mind that your financial intermediary may charge additional fees for its services. In the event your approved financial intermediary is no longer available or in operation, you may place your redemption order directly with the Fund as described below. |
| ***By mail*** | You may redeem shares purchased directly from the Fund by mail. Send your written redemption request to AAM Funds at the address indicated below. Your request must be in good order and contain the Fund's name, the name(s) on the account, your account number and the dollar amount or the number of shares to be redeemed. The redemption request must be signed by all shareholders listed on the account. Additional documents are required for certain types of shareholders, such as corporations, partnerships, executors, trustees, administrators, or guardians (i.e., corporate resolutions dated within 60 days, or trust documents indicating proper authorization). | You may redeem shares purchased directly from the Fund by mail. Send your written redemption request to AAM Funds at the address indicated below. Your request must be in good order and contain the Fund's name, the name(s) on the account, your account number and the dollar amount or the number of shares to be redeemed. The redemption request must be signed by all shareholders listed on the account. Additional documents are required for certain types of shareholders, such as corporations, partnerships, executors, trustees, administrators, or guardians (i.e., corporate resolutions dated within 60 days, or trust documents indicating proper authorization). |
|  | **Regular Mail** <br> **AAM Funds** <br> P.O. Box 2175 <br> Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201  | **Overnight Delivery** <br> **AAM Funds** <br> 235 West Galena Street <br> Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212  |

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|:---|:---|
| | A Medallion signature guarantee must be included if any of the following situations apply:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● You wish to redeem more than $50,000 worth of shares; <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● When redemption proceeds are sent to any person, address or bank account not on record; <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● If a change of address was received by the Transfer Agent within the last 15 days; <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● If ownership is changed on your account; or <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● When establishing or modifying certain services on your account.  |
| ***By telephone*** | To redeem shares by telephone, call the Fund at 1-888-966-9661 and specify the amount of money you wish to redeem. You may have a check sent to the address of record, or, if previously established on your account, you may have proceeds sent by wire or electronic funds transfer through the ACH network directly to your bank account. Wire transfers are subject to a $20 fee paid by the shareholder and your bank may charge a fee to receive wired funds. Checks sent via overnight delivery are subject to a $25 charge. You do not incur any charge when proceeds are sent via the ACH network; however, credit may not be available for two to three business days. |
|  | If you are authorized to perform telephone transactions (either through your account application form or by subsequent arrangement in writing with the Fund), you may redeem shares worth up to $50,000, by instructing the Fund by phone at 1-888-966-9661. Unless noted on the initial account application, a Medallion signature guarantee is required of all shareholders in order to qualify for or to change telephone redemption privileges. |
|  | Note: The Fund and all of their service providers will not be liable for any loss or expense in acting upon instructions that are reasonably believed to be genuine. To confirm that all telephone instructions are genuine, the caller must verify the following: |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● The Fund account number; <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● The name in which his or her account is registered; <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● The Social Security Number or Taxpayer Identification Number under which the account is registered; and <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● The address of the account holder, as stated in the account application form.  |

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**Medallion Signature Guarantee**

In addition to the situations described above, the Fund reserves the right to require a Medallion signature guarantee in other instances based on the circumstances relative to the particular situation.

Shareholders redeeming more than $50,000 worth of shares by mail should submit written instructions with a Medallion signature guarantee from an eligible institution acceptable to the Transfer Agent, such as a domestic bank or trust company, broker, dealer, clearing agency or savings association, or from any participant in a Medallion program recognized by the Securities Transfer Association. The three currently recognized Medallion programs are Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, Stock Exchanges Medallion Program and New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Medallion Signature Program. Signature guarantees that are not part of these programs will not be accepted. Participants in Medallion programs are subject to dollar limitations which must be considered when requesting their guarantee. The Transfer Agent may reject any signature guarantee if it believes the transaction would otherwise be improper. *A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee.*

**Systematic Withdrawal Plan**

You may request that a predetermined dollar amount be sent to you on a monthly or quarterly basis. Your account must maintain a value of at least $2,500 for you to be eligible to participate in the Systematic Withdrawal Plan ("SWP"). The minimum withdrawal amount is $1,000. If you elect to receive redemptions through the SWP, the Fund will send a check to your address of record, or will send the payment via electronic funds transfer through the ACH network, directly to your bank account on record. You may request an application for the SWP by calling the Transfer Agent toll-free at 1-888-966-9661. The Fund may modify or terminate the SWP at any time. You may terminate your participation in the SWP by calling the Transfer Agent at least five business days before the next withdrawal.

**Payment of Redemption Proceeds**

You may redeem shares of the Fund at a price equal to the NAV next determined after the Transfer Agent and/or authorized agent receives your redemption request in good order. Generally, your redemption request cannot be processed on days the NYSE is closed. Redemption proceeds for requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent and/or authorized agent before the close of the regular trading session of the NYSE (generally, 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) will usually be sent to the address of record or the bank you indicate, or wired using the wire instructions on record, on the following business day. Payment of redemption proceeds may take longer than typically expected, but will be sent within seven calendar days after the Fund receives your redemption request, except as specified below.

If you purchase shares using a check and request a redemption before the check has cleared, the Fund may postpone payment of your redemption proceeds up to 15 calendar days while the Fund waits for the check to clear. Furthermore, the Fund may suspend the right to redeem shares or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more than seven calendar days: (1) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings) or trading on the NYSE is restricted; (2) for any period during which an emergency exists affecting the sale of the Fund's securities or making such sale or the fair determination of the value of the Fund's net assets not reasonably practicable; or (3) for such other periods as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund's shareholders.

**Other Redemption Information**

IRA and retirement plan redemptions from accounts for which UMB Bank, n.a. is the custodian must be completed on an IRA Distribution Form or other acceptable form approved by UMB Bank, n.a. Shareholders who hold shares of the Fund through an IRA or other retirement plan must indicate on their redemption requests whether to withhold federal income tax. Such redemption requests will generally be subject to a 10% federal income tax withholding unless a shareholder elects not to have taxes withheld. An IRA owner with a foreign residential address may not elect to forgo the 10% withholding. In addition, if you are a resident of certain states, state income tax also applies to non-Roth IRA distributions when federal withholding applies. Please consult with your tax professional.

The Fund generally pays sale (redemption) proceeds in cash. The Fund typically expects to satisfy redemption requests by selling portfolio assets or by using holdings of cash or cash equivalents. On a less regular basis, the Fund may utilize a temporary overdraft facility offered through its custodian, UMB Bank, n.a., in order to assist the Fund in meeting redemption requests. The Fund uses these methods during both normal and stressed market conditions. During conditions that make the payment of cash unwise and/or in order to protect the interests of the Fund's remaining shareholders, the Fund may pay all or part of a shareholder's redemption proceeds in portfolio securities with a market value equal to the redemption price (redemption-in-kind) in lieu of cash. Generally, in-kind redemptions will be effected through a pro rata distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities. The Fund may redeem shares in kind during both normal and stressed market conditions. If the Fund redeems your shares in kind, you will bear any market risks associated with investment in these securities, and you will be responsible for the costs (including brokerage charges) of converting the securities to cash.

The Fund may redeem all of the shares held in your account if your balance falls below the Fund's minimum initial investment amount due to your redemption activity. In these circumstances, the Fund will notify you in writing and request that you increase your balance above the minimum initial investment amount within 30 days of the date of the notice. If, within 30 days of the Fund's written request, you have not increased your account balance, your shares will be automatically redeemed at the current NAV. The Fund will not require that your shares be redeemed if the value of your account drops below the investment minimum due to fluctuations of the Fund's NAV.

**Cost Basis Information**

Federal tax law requires that regulated investment companies such as the Fund, report their shareholders' cost basis, gain or loss, and holding period to the IRS on their shareholders' Consolidated Form 1099s when "covered" shares of the regulated investment companies are sold. Covered shares are any shares acquired (including pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan) on or after January 1, 2012.

The Fund has chosen "first-in, first-out" ("FIFO") as its standing (default) tax lot identification method for all shareholders, which means this is the method the Fund will use to determine which specific shares are deemed to be sold when there are multiple purchases on different dates at differing net asset values, and the entire position is not sold at one time. The Fund's standing tax lot identification method is the method it will use to report the sale of covered shares on your Consolidated Form 1099 if you do not select a specific tax lot identification method. Redemptions are taxable and you may realize a gain or a loss upon the sale of your shares. Certain shareholders may be subject to backup withholding.

Subject to certain limitations, you may choose a method other than the Fund's standing method at the time of your purchase or upon the sale of covered shares. Please refer to the appropriate Treasury regulations or consult your tax advisor with regard to your personal circumstances.

**Tools to Combat Frequent Transactions**

The Trust's Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures with respect to frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares by Fund shareholders. The Trust discourages excessive, short-term trading and other abusive trading practices that may disrupt portfolio management strategies and harm the Fund's performance. The Trust takes steps to reduce the frequency and effect of these activities on the Fund. These steps may include monitoring trading activity and using fair value pricing. In addition, the Trust may take action, which may include using its best efforts to restrict a shareholder from making additional purchases in the Fund, if that shareholder has engaged in four or more "round trips" in the Fund during a 12-month period. Although these efforts (which are described in more detail below) are designed to discourage abusive trading practices, these tools cannot eliminate the possibility that such activity may occur. Further, while the Trust makes efforts to identify and restrict frequent trading, the Trust receives purchase and sale orders through financial intermediaries and cannot always know or detect frequent trading that may be facilitated by the use of intermediaries or the use of group or omnibus accounts by those intermediaries. The Trust seeks to exercise its judgment in implementing these tools to the best of its ability in a manner that the Trust believes is consistent with the interests of Fund shareholders.

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|:---|:---|
| ***Redemption Fee*** | You will be charged a redemption fee of 2.00% of the value of the shares being redeemed if you redeem your shares of the Fund within 90 days of purchase. The FIFO method is used to determine the holding period; this means that if you bought shares on different days, the shares purchased first will be redeemed first for the purpose of determining whether the redemption fee applies. The redemption fee is deducted from the sale proceeds and is retained by the Fund for the benefit of its remaining shareholders. The fee will not apply to redemptions (i) due to a shareholder's death or disability, (ii) from certain omnibus accounts with systematic or contractual limitations, (iii) of shares acquired through reinvestments of dividends or capital gains distributions, (iv) through certain employer-sponsored retirement plans or employee benefit plans or, with respect to any such plan, to comply with minimum distribution requirements, (v) effected pursuant to an automatic non-discretionary rebalancing program, (vi) effected pursuant to the SWP, (vii) effected pursuant to asset allocation programs, wrap fee programs, and other investment programs offered by financial institutions where investment decisions are made on a discretionary basis by investment professionals, or (viii) by the Fund with respect to accounts falling below the minimum initial investment amount. The Trust reserves the right to waive this fee in other circumstances if the Advisor determines that doing so is in the best interests of the Fund. |
| ***Monitoring Trading Practices*** | The Trust may monitor trades in Fund shares in an effort to detect short-term trading activities. If, as a result of this monitoring, the Trust believes that a shareholder has engaged in excessive short-term trading, it may, in its discretion, ask the shareholder to stop such activities or refuse to process purchases in the shareholder's accounts. In making such judgments, the Trust seeks to act in a manner that it believes is consistent with the best interest of Fund shareholders. Due to the complexity and subjectivity involved in identifying abusive trading activity, there can be no assurance that the Trust's efforts will identify all trades or trading practices that may be considered abusive. |

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**General Transaction Policies**

Some of the following policies are mentioned above. In general, the Fund reserves the right to:

● vary or waive any minimum investment requirement;

● refuse, change, discontinue, or temporarily suspend account services, including purchase or telephone redemption privileges (if redemption by telephone is not available, you may send your redemption order to the Fund via regular or overnight delivery), for any reason;

● reject any purchase request for any reason (generally, the Fund does this if the purchase is disruptive to the efficient management of the Fund due to the timing of the investment or an investor's history of excessive trading);

● delay paying redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days after receiving a request, if an earlier payment could adversely affect the Fund;

● reject any purchase or redemption request that does not contain all required documentation; and

● subject to applicable law and with prior notice, adopt other policies from time to time requiring mandatory redemption of shares in certain circumstances.

If you elect telephone privileges on the account application or in a letter to the Fund, you may be responsible for any fraudulent telephone orders as long as the Fund and/or its service providers have taken reasonable precautions to verify your identity. In addition, once you place a telephone transaction request, it cannot be canceled or modified.

During periods of significant economic or market change, telephone transactions may be difficult to complete. If you are unable to contact the Fund by telephone, you may also mail your request to the Fund at the address listed under "Methods of Buying."

Your broker or other financial intermediary may establish policies that differ from those of the Fund. For example, the organization may charge transaction fees, set higher minimum investments, or impose certain limitations on buying or selling shares in addition to those identified in this Prospectus. Contact your broker or other financial intermediary for details.

Please note that the value of your account may be transferred to the appropriate state if no activity occurs in the account within the time period specified by state law.

**Exchange Privilege**

You may exchange Class A, Class C and Class I Shares of the Fund for the same class of shares of the other funds managed by the Advisor, including funds which are offered in separate prospectuses (Please contact the Fund at 1-888-966-9661 to receive the prospectus for another fund). The amount of the exchange must be equal to or greater than the required minimum initial investment of the other fund, as stated in that fund's prospectus. You may realize either a gain or loss on those shares and will be responsible for paying any applicable taxes. If you exchange shares through a broker, the broker may charge you a transaction fee. You may exchange shares by sending a written request to the Fund or by telephone. Be sure that your written request includes the dollar amount or number of shares to be exchanged, the name(s) on the account, the account number(s), and signed by all shareholders on the account. In order to limit expenses, the Fund reserves the right to limit the total number of exchanges you can make in any year. There are no sales charges for exchanges of Class A, Class C and Class I Shares.

**Conversion of Shares**

A share conversion is a transaction in which shares of one class of the Fund are exchanged for shares of another class of the Fund. Share conversions can occur between Class A, Class C and Class I Shares of the Fund. Generally, share conversions occur when a shareholder becomes eligible for another share class of the Fund or no longer meets the eligibility criteria of the share class owned by the shareholder (and another class exists for which the shareholder would be eligible). Please note that a share conversion is generally a non-taxable event, but you should consult with your personal tax advisor on your particular circumstances. Please also note, all share conversion requests must be approved by the Advisor.

A request for a share conversion will not be processed until it is received in "good order" (as defined above) by the Fund or your financial intermediary. To receive the NAV of the new class calculated that day, conversion requests must be received in good order by the Fund or your financial intermediary before 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time or the financial intermediary's earlier applicable deadline. Please note that, because the NAV of the class of the Fund will generally vary from the NAVs of the other classes due to differences in expenses, you will receive a number of shares of the new class that is different from the number of shares that you held of the old class, but the total value of your holdings will remain the same.

The Fund's frequent trading policies will not be applicable to share conversions. If you hold your shares through a financial intermediary, please contact the financial intermediary for more information on share conversions. Please note that certain financial intermediaries may not permit all types of share conversions. The Fund reserves the right to terminate, suspend or modify the share conversion privilege for any shareholder or group of shareholders.

The Fund reserves the right to automatically convert shareholders from one class to another if they either no longer qualify as eligible for their existing class or if they become eligible for another class. Such mandatory conversions may be as a result of a change in value of an account due to market movements, exchanges or redemptions. The Fund will notify affected shareholders in writing prior to any mandatory conversion.

**Availability of Information**

Information regarding sales charges of the Fund and the applicability and availability of discounts from sales charges is available free of charge by calling 1-888-966-9661 or through your authorized dealer.

**Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings**

In order to reduce the amount of mail you receive and to help reduce expenses, we generally send a single copy of any shareholder report and Prospectus to each household. If you do not want the mailing of these documents to be combined with those of other members of your household, please contact your authorized dealer or the Transfer Agent.

**Additional Information**

The Fund enters into contractual arrangements with various parties, including among others the Advisor and Sub-Advisor, who provide services to the Fund. Shareholders are not parties to, or intended (or "third party") beneficiaries of, those contractual arrangements.

The Prospectus and the SAI provide information concerning the Fund that you should consider in determining whether to purchase shares of the Fund. The Fund may make changes to this information from time to time. Neither this prospectus nor the SAI is intended to give rise to any contract rights or other rights in any shareholder, other than any rights conferred by federal or state securities laws that may not be waived.

**DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS**

The Fund will make distributions of net investment income quarterly and net capital gains, if any, at least annually, typically in December. The Fund may make additional payments of dividends or distributions if it deems it desirable at any other time during the year.

All dividends and distributions will be reinvested in Fund shares unless you choose one of the following options: (1) to receive net investment income dividends in cash, while reinvesting capital gain distributions in additional Fund shares; or (2) to receive all dividends and distributions in cash. If you wish to change your distribution option, please write to the Transfer Agent before the payment date of the distribution.

If you elect to receive distributions in cash and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver your check, or if your distribution check has not been cashed for six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account at the Fund's then current NAV and to reinvest all subsequent distributions.

**FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES**

The following discussion is very general and does not address investors subject to special rules, such as investors who hold Fund shares through an IRA, 401(k) plan or other tax-advantaged account. The SAI contains further information about taxes. Because each shareholder's circumstances are different and special tax rules may apply, you should consult your tax advisor about your investment in the Fund.

You will generally have to pay federal income taxes, as well as any state or local taxes, on distributions received from the Fund, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares. If you sell Fund shares, it is generally considered a taxable event. If you exchange shares of the Fund for shares of another fund, the exchange will generally be treated as a sale of the Fund's shares and any gain on the transaction may be subject to federal income tax.

Distributions of net investment income, other than distributions the Fund reports as "qualified dividend income," are taxable for federal income tax purposes at ordinary income tax rates. Distributions of net short-term capital gains are also generally taxable at ordinary income tax rates. Distributions from the Fund's net capital gain (*i.e*., the excess of its net long-term capital gain over its net short-term capital loss) are taxable for federal income tax purposes as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long the shareholder has held Fund shares.

Dividends paid by the Fund (but none of the Fund's capital gain distributions) may qualify in part for the dividends-received deduction available to corporate shareholders, provided certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. Dividends received by the Fund from REITs generally are not expected to qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income or for the dividends-received deduction. Distributions that the Fund reports as "qualified dividend income" may be eligible to be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at the reduced rates applicable to long-term capital gain if derived from the Fund's qualified dividend income and/or if certain other requirements are satisfied. "Qualified dividend income" generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that the Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market.

You may want to avoid buying shares of the Fund just before it declares a distribution (on or before the record date), because such a distribution will be taxable to you even though it may effectively be a return of a portion of your investment.

Although distributions are generally taxable when received, dividends declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record as of a date in such month and paid during the following January are treated as if received on December 31 of the calendar year when the dividends were declared.

Information on the federal income tax status of dividends and distributions is provided annually.

Dividends and distributions from the Fund and net gain from redemptions of Fund shares will generally be taken into account in determining a shareholder's "net investment income" for purposes of the Medicare contribution tax applicable to certain individuals, estates and trusts.

If you do not provide the Fund with your correct taxpayer identification number and any required certifications, you will be subject to backup withholding on your redemption proceeds, dividends and other distributions. The backup withholding rate is currently 24%.

Dividends and certain other payments made by the Fund to a non-U.S. shareholder are subject to withholding of federal income tax at the rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be determined in accordance with any applicable treaty). Dividends that are reported by the Fund as "interest-related dividends" or "short-term capital gain dividends" are generally exempt from such withholding. In general, the Fund may report interest-related dividends to the extent of its net income derived from U.S.-source interest and the Fund may report short-term capital gain dividends to the extent its net short-term capital gain for the taxable year exceeds its net long-term capital loss. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax described in this paragraph.

Under legislation commonly referred to as "FATCA," unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to dividends payable to such entities. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of the agreement.

Some of the Fund's investment income may be subject to foreign income taxes that are withheld at the country of origin. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes, but there can be no assurance that the Fund will qualify for treaty benefits.

**FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS**

The following table is intended to help you understand the Fund's financial performance. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total return figures represent the percentage that an investor in the Fund would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund class (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The information for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, December 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is from the Fund's financial statements, which have been audited by [ ], an independent registered public accounting firm. [ ]'s report and the Fund's financial statements are included in the Fund's [annual report](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834422005757/fp0073829_ncsr.htm), which is available upon request. The information for prior fiscal periods is from the financial statements audited by the Predecessor Fund's independent registered public accounting firm.

**[Updated FiHis to be provided by amendment.]**

**APPENDIX A – WAIVERS AND DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE FROM INTERMEDIARIES**

The availability of certain sales charge waivers and discounts will depend on whether you purchase your shares directly from the Fund or through a financial intermediary. Intermediaries may have different policies and procedures regarding the availability of front-end sales load waivers or contingent deferred (back-end) sales load ("CDSC") waivers than those discussed below, which have been provided by the respective intermediaries. In all instances, it is the purchaser's responsibility to notify the Fund or the purchaser's financial intermediary at the time of purchase of any relationship or other facts qualifying the purchaser for sales charge waivers or discounts. **For waivers and discounts not available through a particular intermediary, shareholders will have to purchase Fund shares directly from the Fund or through another intermediary to receive these waivers or discounts.** Please contact the applicable intermediary with any questions regarding how the intermediary applies the policies described below and to ensure that you understand what steps you must take to qualify for any available waivers or discounts.

**<u>Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. ("OPCO")</u>**

Effective February 26, 2020, shareholders purchasing Fund shares through an OPCO platform or account are eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Fund's prospectus or SAI.

**Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares available at OPCO**

● Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan

● Shares purchased by or through a 529 Plan

● Shares purchased through a OPCO affiliated investment advisory program

● Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family)

● Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same amount, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Restatement).

● A shareholder in the Fund's Class C Shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A Shares (or the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of OPCO

● Employees and registered representatives of OPCO or its affiliates and their family members

● Directors or Trustees of the Fund, and employees of the Fund's investment adviser or any of its affiliates, as described in this prospectus

**CDSC Waivers on A and C Shares available at OPCO**

● Death or disability of the shareholder

● Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Fund's prospectus

● Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account

● Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½ as described in the prospectus

● Shares sold to pay OPCO fees but only if the transaction is initiated by OPCO

● Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement

**Front-end load Discounts Available at OPCO: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent**

● Breakpoints as described in this prospectus.

● Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at OPCO. Eligible fund family assets not held at OPCO may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets

**<u>Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. & each entity's affiliates ("Raymond James"):</u>**

Effective March 1, 2019, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Raymond James platform or account, or through an introducing broker-dealer or independent registered investment adviser for which Raymond James provides trade execution, clearance, and/or custody services, will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-ended, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Fund's Prospectus or SAI.

**Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares Available at Raymond James**

● Shares purchased in an investment advisory program.

● Shares purchased within the same fund family through a systematic reinvestment of capital gains and dividend distributions.

● Employees and registered representatives of Raymond James or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Raymond James.

● Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement).

● A shareholder in the Fund's Class C Shares will have their shares converted at net asset value to Class A Shares (or shares of the appropriate share class) of the Fund if the shares are no longer subject to a CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Raymond James.

**CDSC Waivers on Classes A and C Shares Available at Raymond James**

● Death or disability of the shareholder.

● Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund's prospectus.

● Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account.

● Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching the qualified age based on applicable IRS regulations as described in the fund's prospectus.

● Shares sold to pay Raymond James fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Raymond James.

● Shares acquired through a Right of Reinstatement.

**Front-end Load Discounts Available at Raymond James: Breakpoints and/or Rights of Accumulation**

● Breakpoint as described in this prospectus.

● Rights of accumulation which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at Raymond James. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of rights of accumulation only of the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

● Letters of intent which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, over a 13-month time period. Eligible fund family assets not held at Raymond James may be included in the calculation of letters of intent only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

**<u>Merrill Lynch:</u>**

Shareholders purchasing Fund shares through a Merrill Lynch platform or account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this Fund's prospectus or SAI.

**Front-end Sales Load Waivers on Class A Shares available at Merrill Lynch**

● Employer-sponsored retirement, deferred compensation and employee benefit plans (including health savings accounts) and trusts used to fund those plans, provided that the shares are not held in a commission-based brokerage account and shares are held for the benefit of the plan

● Shares purchased by a 529 Plan (does not include 529 Plan units or 529-specific share classes or equivalents)

● Shares purchased through a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program

● Shares exchanged due to the holdings moving from a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program to a Merrill Lynch brokerage (non-advisory) account pursuant to Merrill Lynch's policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers

● Shares purchased by third party investment advisors on behalf of their advisory clients through Merrill Lynch's platform

● Shares of funds purchased through the Merrill Edge Self-Directed platform (if applicable)

● Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family)

● Shares exchanged from Class C (i.e. level-load) Shares of the same fund pursuant to Merrill Lynch's policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers

● Employees and registered representatives of Merrill Lynch or its affiliates and their family members

● Directors or Trustees of the Fund, and employees of the Advisor or any of its affiliates, as described in this Prospectus

● Eligible shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (known as Rights of Reinstatement). Automated transactions (i.e. systematic purchases and withdrawals) and purchases made after shares are automatically sold to pay Merrill Lynch's account maintenance fees are not eligible for reinstatement

**CDSC Waivers on Class A and C Shares available at Merrill Lynch** 

● Death or disability of the shareholder

● Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Fund's prospectus

● Return of excess contributions from an IRA Account

● Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code

● Shares sold to pay Merrill Lynch fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Merrill Lynch

● Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement

● Shares held in retirement brokerage accounts, that are exchanged for a lower cost share class due to transfer to certain fee based accounts or platforms (applicable to A and C Shares only)

● Shares received through an exchange due to the holdings moving from a Merrill Lynch affiliated investment advisory program to a Merrill Lynch brokerage (non-advisory) account pursuant to Merrill Lynch's policies relating to sales load discounts and waivers

**Front-end load Discounts Available at Merrill Lynch: Breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation & Letters of Intent** 

● Breakpoints as described in this Prospectus.

● Rights of Accumulation (ROA) which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts as described in this Prospectus will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts (including 529 program holdings, where applicable) within the purchaser's household at Merrill Lynch. Eligible fund family assets not held at Merrill Lynch may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

● Letters of Intent (LOI) which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, through Merrill Lynch, over a 13-month period of time (if applicable).

**<u>Janney Montgomery Scott LLC:</u>**

Effective May 1, 2020, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Janney Montgomery Scott LLC ("Janney") account will be eligible only for the following load waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and contingent deferred, or back-end, sales charge waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this fund's Prospectus or SAI.

**Front-end sales charge\* waivers on Class A Shares available at Janney**

● Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing shares of the same fund (but not any other fund within the fund family).

● Shares purchased by employees and registered representatives of Janney or its affiliates and their family members as designated by Janney.

● Shares purchased from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within ninety (90) days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same account, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales load (i.e., right of reinstatement).

● Employer-sponsored retirement plans (e.g., 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans). For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs, SAR-SEPs or Keogh plans.

● Shares acquire through a right of reinstatement.

● Class C Shares that are no longer subject to a contingent deferred sales charge and are converted to Class A Shares of the same fund pursuant to Janney's policies and procedures.

**CDSC waivers on Class A and C Shares available at Janney**

● Shares sold upon the death or disability of the shareholder.

● Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the fund's Prospectus.

● Shares purchased in connection with a return of excess contributions from an IRA account.

● Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and other retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 70½ as described in the fund's Prospectus.

● Shares sold to pay Janney fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Janney.

● Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement.

● Shares exchanges into the same share class of a different fund.

**Front-end load discounts available at Janney: breakpoints, and/or rights of accumulation**

● Breakpoints as described in the fund's Prospectus.

● Rights of accumulation ("ROA"), which entitle shareholders to breakpoint discounts, will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at Janney. Eligible fund family assets not held at Janney may be included in the ROA calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

● Letters of intent which allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within a fund family, over a 13-month time period. Eligible fund family assets not held at Janney Montgomery Scott may be included in the calculation of letters of intent only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets.

\* Also referred to as an "initial sales charge"

**<u>Baird</u>**:

Effective June 15, 2020, shareholders purchasing fund shares through a Baird platform or account will only be eligible for the following sales charge waivers (front-end sales charge waivers and CDSC waivers) and discounts, which may differ from those disclosed elsewhere in this prospectus or the SAI.

**Front-End Sales Charge Waivers on Investors A-Shares Available at Baird**

● Shares purchased through reinvestment of capital gains distributions and dividend reinvestment when purchasing share of the same fund

● Share purchase by employees and registers representatives of Baird or its affiliate and their family members as designated by Baird

● Shares purchase from the proceeds of redemptions within the same fund family, provided (1) the repurchase occurs within 90 days following the redemption, (2) the redemption and purchase occur in the same accounts, and (3) redeemed shares were subject to a front-end or deferred sales charge (known as rights of reinstatement)

● A shareholder in the Funds Investor C Shares will have their share converted at net asset value to Investor A shares of the fund if the shares are no longer subject to CDSC and the conversion is in line with the policies and procedures of Baird

● Employer-sponsored retirement plans or charitable accounts in a transactional brokerage account at Baird, including 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit sharing and money purchase pension plans and defined benefit plans. For purposes of this provision, employer-sponsored retirement plans do not include SEP IRAs, Simple IRAs or SAR-SEPs

**CDSC Waivers on Investor A and C Shares Available at Baird**

● Shares sold due to death or disability of the shareholder

● Shares sold as part of a systematic withdrawal plan as described in the Fund's Prospectus

● Shares bought due to returns of excess contributions from an IRA Account

● Shares sold as part of a required minimum distribution for IRA and retirement accounts due to the shareholder reaching age 72 as described in the Fund's prospectus

● Shares sold to pay Baird fees but only if the transaction is initiated by Baird

● Shares acquired through a right of reinstatement

**Front-End Sales Charge Discounts Available at Baird: Breakpoints and/or Rights of Accumulations**

● Breakpoints as described in this prospectus

● Rights of accumulations which entitles shareholders to breakpoint discounts will be automatically calculated based on the aggregated holding of Fund family assets held by accounts within the purchaser's household at Baird. Eligible Fund family assets not held at Baird may be included in the rights of accumulations calculation only if the shareholder notifies his or her financial advisor about such assets

● Letters of Intent (LOI) allow for breakpoint discounts based on anticipated purchases within the Fund family through Baird, over a 13-month period of time

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

**<u>Large Order Net Asset Value Purchase Privilege – Authorized Dealers</u>**

From its own profits and resources, the Advisor may pay a finder's fee to the following authorized dealers that initiate or are responsible for purchases of $1 million or more of Class A Shares of the Fund:

Charles Schwab & Co

Matrix Trust Company

Pershing LLC

***Investment Advisor***

Advisors Asset Management, Inc.

18925 Base Camp Road, Suite 203

Monument, Colorado 80132

***Sub-Advisor***

Phocas Financial Corporation

1080 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 520

Alameda, California 94501

***Fund Co-Administrator***

Mutual Fund Administration, LLC

2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226

Glendora, California 91740

***Fund Co-Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant***

UMB Fund Services, Inc.

235 West Galena Street

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212

***Custodian***

UMB Bank, n.a.

928 Grand Boulevard, 5<sup>th</sup> Floor

Kansas City, Missouri 64106

***Distributor***

IMST Distributors, LLC

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100

Portland, Maine 04101

<u>www.foreside.com</u>

***Counsel to the Trust***

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP

600 Anton Boulevard, Suite 1800

Costa Mesa, California 92626

***Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm***

[ ]

**AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund**

**A series of Investment Managers Series Trust**

**FOR MORE INFORMATION**

**Statement of Additional Information (SAI)**

The SAI provides additional details about the investments and techniques of the Fund and certain other additional information. The SAI is on file with the SEC and is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference. This means that the SAI is legally considered a part of this Prospectus even though it is not physically within this Prospectus.

**Shareholder Reports**

Additional information about the Fund's investments is available in the Fund's annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. In the Fund's annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund' performance during its most recent fiscal year.

The Fund's SAI and annual and semi-annual reports are available, free of charge, on the Fund's website at <u>www.aamlive.com/publicsite/mutual-funds</u>. You can also obtain a free copy of the Fund's SAI or annual and semi-annual reports, request other information, or inquire about the Fund by contacting a broker that sells shares of the Fund or by calling the Fund (toll-free) at 1-888-966-9661 or by writing to:

**AAM Funds**

P.O. Box 2175

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201

Reports and other information about the Fund is also available:

● Free of charge on the SEC's EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov; or

● For a duplication fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: <u>publicinfo@sec.gov.</u> 

(Investment Company Act file no. 811- 21719.)

![](fp0082430_01.jpg)

**Statement of Additional Information**

**May 1, 2023**

**AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund**

Class A (Ticker Symbol: APRAX)

Class C (Ticker Symbol: APRCX)

Class I (Ticker Symbol: APRIX)

*A series of Investment Managers Series Trust*

This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus, and it should be read in conjunction with the prospectus for the AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund (the "Fund") dated May 1, 2023, as may be amended from time to time (the "Prospectus"). The Fund is a series of Investment Managers Series Trust (the "Trust"). Advisors Asset Management, Inc. (the "Advisor") is the investment advisor to the Fund. Phocas Financial Corporation (the "Sub-Advisor") is the sub-advisor for the Fund. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained by contacting the Fund at the address or telephone number specified below. The Fund's Annual Report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, is incorporated by reference herein. A copy of the Fund's Annual Report can be obtained by contacting the Fund at the address or telephone number specified below.

**AAM Funds**

**P.O. Box 2175**

**Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201**

**1-888-966-9661**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| THE TRUST AND THE FUND | B-1 |
| INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS | B-1 |
| MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND | B-27 |
| PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE | B-40 |
| PORTFOLIO TURNOVER | B-42 |
| PROXY VOTING POLICY | B-42 |
| ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM | B-42 |
| PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION | B-43 |
| DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | B-44 |
| PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF FUND SHARES | B-46 |
| FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS | B-47 |
| DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS | B-53 |
| GENERAL INFORMATION | B-54 |
| FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | B-55 |
| APPENDIX A - DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS | B-56 |
| APPENDIX B - PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE TRUST, ADVISOR AND SUB-ADVISOR | B-62 |

---

 **THE TRUST AND THE FUND**

The Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 15, 2005. The Trust currently consists of several other series of shares of beneficial interest. This SAI relates only to the Fund and not to the other series of the Trust. The Trust is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as an open-end management investment company. Such a registration does not involve supervision of the management or policies of the Fund. The Prospectus of the Fund and this SAI omit certain of the information contained in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC. Copies of such information may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the prescribed fee.

On August 24, 2018, the Fund acquired all the assets and liabilities of the Phocas Real Estate Fund, a series of Forum Funds II (the "Predecessor Fund"). The Fund adopted the prior performance and financial history of the Predecessor Fund.

The Fund is a non-diversified fund, which means it is not subject to the diversification requirements under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"). Under the 1940 Act, a diversified fund may not, with respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of one issuer (and in not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer), excluding cash, Government securities, and securities of other investment companies. Although the Fund is not required to comply with the above requirement, the Fund intends to diversify its assets to the extent necessary to qualify for tax treatment as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code").

The Fund offers three classes of shares: Class A, Class C and Class I. Currently, Class C shares are not available for purchase. Other classes may be established from time to time in accordance with the provisions of the Trust's Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the "Declaration of Trust"). Each class of shares of the Fund generally is identical in all respects except that each class of shares is subject to its own distribution expenses and minimum investments. Each class of shares also has exclusive voting rights with respect to its distribution fees.

**INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS**

The discussion below supplements information contained in the Fund's Prospectus pertaining to the investment policies of the Fund.

***PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS***

**Market Conditions**

Events in certain sectors historically have resulted, and may in the future result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestic and foreign. These events have included, but are not limited to: bankruptcies, corporate restructurings, and other events related to the sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2008; governmental efforts to limit short selling and high frequency trading; measures to address U.S. federal and state budget deficits; social, political, and economic instability in Europe; economic stimulus by the Japanese central bank; steep declines in oil prices; dramatic changes in currency exchange rates; China's economic slowdown; Russia's invasion of Ukraine; and more recently, higher inflation. Interconnected global economies and financial markets increase the possibility that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. Such events may cause significant declines in the values and liquidity of many securities and other instruments. It is impossible to predict whether such conditions will recur. Because such situations may be widespread, it may be difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of such events.

An outbreak of an infectious respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19 was first detected in China in December 2019 and then was detected globally. This coronavirus has resulted in certain travel restrictions, closed international borders, enhanced health screenings at ports of entry and elsewhere, disruption of and delays in healthcare service preparation and delivery, prolonged quarantines, cancellations, supply chain disruptions, and lower consumer demand, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact of COVID-19, and other infectious illness outbreaks that may arise in the future, could adversely affect the economies of many nations or the entire global economy, individual issuers and capital markets in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen. In addition, the impact of infectious illnesses in emerging market countries may be greater due to generally less established healthcare systems. Public health crises caused by the COVID-19 outbreak may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries or globally. The duration of the COVID-19 outbreak and its effects cannot be determined with certainty.

**Equity Securities**

**Common Stock**

The Fund may invest in common stock. Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price.

The fundamental risk of investing in common stock is that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. While common stocks have historically provided greater long-term returns than preferred stocks, fixed-income and money market investments, common stocks have also experienced significantly more volatility than the returns from those other investments.

**Small-, Mid- and Micro-Cap Stocks**

The Fund may invest in stock of companies with market capitalizations that are small compared to other publicly traded companies. Investments in larger companies present certain advantages in that such companies generally have greater financial resources, more extensive research and development, manufacturing, marketing and service capabilities, and more stability and greater depth of management and personnel. Investments in smaller, less seasoned companies may present greater opportunities for growth but also may involve greater risks than customarily are associated with more established companies. The securities of smaller companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than larger, more established companies. These companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources, or they may be dependent upon a limited management group. Their securities may be traded in the over-the-counter ("OTC") market or on a regional exchange, or may otherwise have limited liquidity. As a result of owning large positions in this type of security, the Fund is subject to the additional risk of possibly having to sell portfolio securities at disadvantageous times and prices if redemptions require the Fund to liquidate its securities positions. In addition, it may be prudent for the Fund, as its asset size grows, to limit the number of relatively small positions it holds in securities having limited liquidity in order to minimize its exposure to such risks, to minimize transaction costs, and to maximize the benefits of research. As a consequence, as the Fund's asset size increases, the Fund may reduce its exposure to illiquid small capitalization securities, which could adversely affect performance. These risks may be greater for securities of micro-capitalization companies. In addition, some U.S. micro-cap companies are followed by few, if any, securities analysts, and there tends to be less publicly available information about such companies. Their securities generally have even more limited trading volumes and are subject to even more abrupt or erratic market price movements than are small-cap securities, and the Fund may be able to deal with only a few market-makers when purchasing and selling micro-cap securities.

The Fund may also invest in stocks of companies with medium market capitalizations (i.e., mid-cap companies). Such investments share some of the risk characteristics of investments in stocks of companies with small market capitalizations described above, although mid cap companies tend to have longer operating histories, broader product lines and greater financial resources and their stocks tend to be more liquid and less volatile than those of smaller capitalization issuers.

**Preferred Stock**

The Fund may invest in preferred stock. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and a share of the proceeds resulting from the issuer's liquidation although preferred stock is usually subordinate to the debt securities of the issuer. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as the holders of the issuer's common stock. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of preferred stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as call/redemption provisions prior to maturity, a negative feature when interest rates decline. In addition, the Fund may receive stocks or warrants as a result of an exchange or tender of fixed income securities. Preference stock, which is more common in emerging markets than in developed markets, is a special type of common stock that shares in the earnings of an issuer, has limited voting rights, may have a dividend preference, and may also have a liquidation preference. Depending on the features of the particular security, holders of preferred and preference stock may bear the risks regarding common stock or fixed income securities.

**Real Estate Investment Trusts** **("REITs")**

The Fund may invest in REITs. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in income producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs, or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of principal and interest payments. Similar to regulated investment companies such as the Fund, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with certain requirements of the Code. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of expenses incurred by REITs in which the Fund invests in addition to the expenses incurred directly by the Fund.

Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers and self-liquidation.

Investing in REITs involves risks similar to those associated with investing in small capitalization companies. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities. Historically, small capitalization stocks, such as REITs, have had more price volatility than larger capitalization stocks.

REITs may fail to qualify for the favorable federal income tax treatment generally available to them under the Code and may fail to maintain their exemptions from registration under the 1940 Act. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) also are subject to interest rate risks. When interest rates decline, the value of a REIT's investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of a REIT's investment in fixed-rate obligations can be expected to decline. In contrast, as interest rates on adjustable rate mortgage loans are reset periodically, yields on a REIT's investments in such loans will gradually align themselves to reflect changes in market interest rates, causing the value of such investments to fluctuate less dramatically in response to interest rate fluctuations than would investments in fixed-rate obligations.

**Foreign Investments**

The Fund may make foreign investments. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers and other non-U.S. investments may involve risks in addition to those normally associated with investments in the securities of U.S. issuers or other U.S. investments. All foreign investments are subject to risks of foreign political and economic instability, adverse movements in foreign exchange rates, and the imposition or tightening of exchange controls and limitations on the repatriation of foreign capital. Other risks stem from potential changes in governmental attitude or policy toward private investment, which in turn raises the risk of nationalization, increased taxation or confiscation of foreign investors' assets. Additionally, the imposition of sanctions, trade restrictions (including tariffs) and other government restrictions by the United States and/or other governments may adversely affect the values of the Fund's foreign investments.

The financial problems in global economies over the past several years, including the European sovereign debt crisis, may continue to cause high volatility in global financial markets. In addition, global economies are increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact a different country or region. The severity or duration of these conditions may also be affected if one or more countries leave the Euro currency or by other policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations.

Additional non-U.S. taxes and expenses may also adversely affect the Fund's performance, including foreign withholding taxes on foreign securities' dividends. Brokerage commissions and other transaction costs on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than in the United States. Foreign companies may be subject to different accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards. To the extent foreign securities held by the Fund are not registered with the SEC, or with any other U.S. regulator, the issuers thereof will not be subject to the reporting requirements of the SEC or any other U.S. regulator. Accordingly, less information may be available about foreign companies and other investments than is generally available on issuers of comparable securities and other investments in the United States. Foreign securities and other investments may also trade less frequently and with lower volume and may exhibit greater price volatility than U.S. securities and other investments.

Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value in U.S. dollars of any foreign currency-denominated securities and other investments held by the Fund. Exchange rates are influenced generally by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign currency markets and by numerous other political and economic events occurring outside the United States, many of which may be difficult, if not impossible, to predict.

Income from any foreign securities and other investments will be received and realized in foreign currencies, and the Fund is required to compute and distribute income in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, a decline in the value of a particular foreign currency against the U.S. dollar occurring after the Fund's income has been earned and computed in U.S. dollars may require the Fund to liquidate portfolio securities or other investments to acquire sufficient U.S. dollars to make a distribution. Similarly, if the exchange rate declines between the time the Fund incurs expenses in U.S. dollars and the time such expenses are paid, the Fund may be required to liquidate additional portfolio securities or other investments to purchase the U.S. dollars required to meet such expenses.

The Fund may purchase foreign bank obligations. In addition to the risks described above that are generally applicable to foreign investments, the investments that the Fund makes in obligations of foreign banks, branches or subsidiaries may involve further risks, including differences between foreign banks and U.S. banks in applicable accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, and the possible establishment of exchange controls or other foreign government laws or restrictions applicable to the payment of certificates of deposit or time deposits that may affect adversely the payment of principal and interest on the securities and other investments held by the Fund.

**Emerging Markets**

The Fund may invest in companies organized or doing substantial business in emerging market countries or developing countries as defined by the World Bank, International Financial Corporation, or the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) emerging market indices or other comparable indices. Investing in emerging markets involves additional risks and special considerations not typically associated with investing in other more established economies or markets. Such risks may include (i) increased risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; (ii) greater social, economic and political uncertainty, including war; (iii) higher dependence on exports and the corresponding importance of international trade; (iv) greater volatility, less liquidity and smaller capitalization of markets; (v) greater volatility in currency exchange rates; (vi) greater risk of inflation; (vii) greater controls on foreign investment and limitations on realization of investments, repatriation of invested capital and on the ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (viii) increased likelihood of governmental involvement in and control over the economy; (ix) governmental decisions to cease support of economic reform programs or to impose centrally planned economies; (x) differences in regulatory, accounting, auditing, and financial reporting and recordkeeping standards, which may result in the unavailability of material information about issuers; (xi) less extensive regulation of the markets; (xii) longer settlement periods for transactions and less reliable clearance and custody arrangements; (xiii) less developed corporate laws regarding fiduciary duties of officers and directors and the protection of investors; (xiv) certain considerations regarding the maintenance of the Fund's securities with local brokers and securities depositories and (xv) the imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividends, interest, capital gains, other income or gross sale or disposition proceeds.

Repatriation of investment income, assets and the proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some emerging market countries. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in or a refusal to grant any required governmental registration or approval for such repatriation, or by withholding taxes imposed by emerging market countries on interest or dividends paid on securities held by the Fund or gains from the disposition of such securities.

In emerging markets, there is often less government supervision and regulation of business and industry practices, stock exchanges, over-the-counter markets, brokers, dealers, counterparties and issuers than in other more established markets. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board ("PCAOB"), which regulates auditors of U.S. public companies, for example, is unable to inspect audit work and practices in certain countries, such as China. The PCAOB's limited ability to oversee the operations of accounting firms in such countries means that inaccurate or incomplete financial records of an issuer's operations may not be detected, which could negatively impact the Fund's investments in such companies. Any regulatory supervision that is in place may be subject to manipulation or control. Some emerging market countries do not have mature legal systems comparable to those of more developed countries. Moreover, the process of legal and regulatory reform may not be proceeding at the same pace as market developments, which could result in investment risk. Legislation to safeguard the rights of private ownership may not yet be in place in certain areas, and there may be the risk of conflict among local, regional and national requirements. In certain cases, the laws and regulations governing investments in securities may not exist or may be subject to inconsistent or arbitrary appreciation or interpretation. Both the independence of judicial systems and their immunity from economic, political or nationalistic influences remain largely untested in many countries. It may also be difficult or impossible for the Fund to pursue legal remedies or to obtain and enforce judgments in local courts.

Many Chinese companies have created variable interest entities ("VIEs") as a means to circumvent limits on foreign ownership of equity in Chinese companies. Investments in companies that use a VIE structure may pose additional risks because the investment is made through an intermediary entity that exerts control of the underlying operating business through contractual means rather than equity ownership and, as a result, may limit the rights of an investor. Although VIEs are a longstanding industry practice and well known to officials and regulators in China, VIE structures are not formally recognized under Chinese law. Investors face uncertainty about future actions by the government of China that could significantly affect an operating company's financial performance and the enforceability of the VIE's contractual arrangements. It is uncertain whether Chinese officials or regulators will withdraw their implicit acceptance of the VIE structure, or whether any new laws, rules, or regulations relating to VIE structures will be adopted or, if adopted, what impact they would have on the interests of foreign shareholders. Under extreme circumstances, China might prohibit the existence of VIEs, or sever their ability to transmit economic and governance rights to foreign individuals and entities; if so, the market value of the Funds' associated portfolio holdings would likely suffer significant, detrimental, and possibly permanent effects, which could result in substantial investment losses.

There may also be restrictions on imports from certain countries, such as Russia, and dealings with certain state-sponsored entities. For example, following Russia's large-scale invasion of Ukraine, the President of the United States signed an Executive Order in February 2022 prohibiting U.S. persons from entering transactions with the Central Bank of Russia, and Executive Orders in March 2022 prohibiting U.S. persons from importing oil and gas from Russia as well as other popular Russian exports, such as diamonds, seafood and vodka. There may also be restrictions on investments in Chinese companies. For example, the President of the United States signed an Executive Order in June 2021 affirming and expanding the U.S. policy prohibiting U.S. persons from purchasing or investing in publicly-traded securities of companies identified by the U.S. Government as "Communist Chinese military companies." The list of such companies can change from time to time, and as a result of forced selling or an inability to participate in an investment the Advisor otherwise believes is attractive, the Fund may incur losses.

**Developments in the China Region**

After nearly 30 years of unprecedented growth, the People's Republic of China now faces a slowing economy. The real estate market, which many observers believed to be inflated, has begun to decline. Local governments, which had borrowed heavily to bolster growth, face high debt burdens and limited revenue sources. As a result, demand for Chinese exports by the United States and countries in Europe, and demands for Chinese imports from such countries, may weaken due to the effects of more limited economic growth. Additionally, Chinese actions to lay claim to disputed islands have caused relations with China's regional trading partners to suffer, and could cause further disruption to regional and international trade. From time to time, China has experienced outbreaks of infectious illnesses, and the country may be subject to other public health threats, infectious illnesses, diseases or similar issues in the future. Any spread of an infectious illness, public health threat or similar issue could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, travel restrictions or quarantines, and generally have a significant impact on the Chinese economy. In the long run, China's ability to develop and sustain a credible legal, regulatory, monetary, and socioeconomic system could influence the course of outside investment.

**Europe – Recent Events**

A number of countries in Europe have experienced severe economic and financial difficulties. Many non-governmental issuers, and even certain governments, have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts; many other issuers have faced difficulties obtaining credit or refinancing existing obligations; financial institutions have in many cases required government or central bank support, have needed to raise capital, and/or have been impaired in their ability to extend credit; and financial markets in Europe and elsewhere have experienced extreme volatility and declines in asset values and liquidity. These difficulties may continue, worsen or spread within or outside Europe. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world.

The European Union (the "EU") currently faces major issues involving its membership, structure, procedures and policies, including the successful political, economic and social integration of new member states, the EU's resettlement and distribution of refugees, and resolution of the EU's problematic fiscal and democratic accountability. In addition, one or more countries may abandon the Euro, the common currency of the EU, and/or withdraw from the EU. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.

***United Kingdom Exit from the EU.*** On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (the "UK") formally withdrew from the EU (commonly referred to as "Brexit") and, after a transition period, left the EU single market and customs union under the terms of a new trade agreement, effective January 1, 2021. The agreement governs the relationship between the UK and EU with respect to trading goods and services, but certain aspects of the relationship remain unresolved and subject to further negotiation and agreement. The effects of Brexit are also being shaped by the trade agreements that the UK negotiates with other countries. Although the longer term political, regulatory, and economic consequences of Brexit are uncertain, Brexit has caused volatility in UK, EU, and global markets. The potential negative effects of Brexit on the UK and EU economies and the broader global economy could include, among others, business and trade disruptions, increased volatility and illiquidity, currency fluctuations, and potentially lower economic growth of markets in the UK, EU, and globally, which could negatively impact the value of the Fund's investments. Brexit could also lead to legal uncertainty and politically divergent national laws and regulations while the relationship between the UK and EU is continues to be defined and the UK determines which EU laws to replace or replicate.

***Russia's Invasion of Ukraine.*** Russia has attempted to assert its influence in Eastern Europe in the recent past through economic and military measures, including military incursions into Georgia in 2008 and eastern Ukraine in 2014, heightening geopolitical risk in the region and tensions with the West. On February 24, 2022, Russia initiated a large-scale invasion of Ukraine resulting in the displacement of millions of Ukrainians from their homes, a substantial loss of life, and the widespread destruction of property and infrastructure throughout Ukraine. In response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the governments of the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and many other nations joined together to impose heavy economic sanctions on certain Russian individuals, including its political leaders, as well as Russian corporate and banking entities and other Russian industries and businesses. The sanctions restrict companies from doing business with Russia and Russian companies, prohibit transactions with the Russian central bank and other key Russian financial institutions and entities, ban Russian airlines and ships from using many other countries' airspace and ports, respectively, and place a freeze on certain Russian assets. The sanctions also removed some Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT), the electronic network that connects banks globally to facilitate cross-border payments. In addition, the United States has banned oil and other energy imports from Russia, and the United Kingdom made a commitment to phase out oil imports from Russia by the end of 2022. The United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and their global allies may impose additional sanctions or other intergovernmental actions against Russia in the future, but Russia may respond in kind by imposing retaliatory economic sanctions or countermeasures. The extent and duration of the war in Ukraine and the longevity and severity of sanctions remain unknown, but they could have a significant adverse impact on the European economy as well as the price and availability of certain commodities, including oil and natural gas, throughout the world. Further, an escalation of the military conflict beyond Ukraine's borders could result in significant, long-lasting damage to the economies of Eastern and Western Europe as well as the global economy.

***General.*** Whether or not the Fund invests in securities of issuers located in Europe or with significant exposure to European issuers or countries, these events could negatively affect the value and liquidity of the Fund's investments due to the interconnected nature of the global economy and capital markets. The Fund may also be susceptible to these events to the extent that the Fund invests in municipal obligations with credit support by non-U.S. financial institutions.

***NON-PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES, POLICIES AND RISKS***

**Equity Securities**

**Convertible Securities**

The Fund may invest in convertible securities. A convertible security is a preferred stock, warrant or other security that may be converted or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock or other security of the same or a different issuer or into cash within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive the dividend or interest until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities generally have characteristics similar to both fixed income and equity securities. Although to a lesser extent than with fixed income securities generally, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, tends to increase as interest rates decline. In addition, because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to vary with fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common stocks and, therefore, also will react to variations in the general market for equity securities. A significant feature of convertible securities is that as the market price of the underlying common stock declines, convertible securities tend to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and so they may not experience market value declines to the same extent as the underlying common stock. When the market price of the underlying common stock increases, the prices of the convertible securities tend to rise as a reflection of the value of the underlying common stock. While no securities investments are without risk, investments in convertible securities generally entail less risk than investments in common stock of the same issuer.

**Warrants and Rights**

The Fund may invest in warrants or rights (including those acquired in units or attached to other securities) that entitle (but do not obligate) the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time but will do so only if such equity securities are deemed appropriate by the Sub-Advisor. Rights are similar to warrants but typically have a shorter duration and are issued by a company to existing stockholders to provide those holders the right to purchase additional shares of stock at a later date. Warrants and rights do not have voting rights, do not earn dividends, and do not entitle the holder to any rights with respect to the assets of the company that has issued them. They do not represent ownership of the underlying companies but only the right to purchase shares of those companies at a specified price on or before a specified exercise date. Warrants and rights tend to be more volatile than the underlying stock, and if at a warrant's expiration date the stock is trading at a price below the price set in the warrant, the warrant will expire worthless. Conversely, if at the expiration date the stock is trading at a price higher than the price set in the warrant or right, the Fund can acquire the stock at a price below its market value. The prices of warrants and rights do not necessarily parallel the prices of the underlying securities. An investment in warrants or rights may be considered speculative.

**Foreign Securities**

**Depositary Receipts**

The Fund may invest in depositary receipts. American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") are negotiable receipts issued by a U.S. bank or trust company that evidence ownership of securities in a foreign company which have been deposited with such bank or trust company's office or agent in a foreign country. European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs") are negotiable certificates held in the bank of one country representing a specific number of shares of a stock traded on an exchange of another country. Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") are negotiable certificates held in the bank of one country representing a specific number of shares of a stock traded on an exchange of another country. Canadian Depositary Receipts ("CDRs") are negotiable receipts issued by a Canadian bank or trust company that evidence ownership of securities in a foreign company which have been deposited with such bank or trust company's office or agent in a foreign country.

Investing in ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs presents risks that may not be equal to the risk inherent in holding the equivalent shares of the same companies that are traded in the local markets even though the Fund will purchase, sell and be paid dividends on ADRs in U.S. dollars. These risks include fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which are affected by international balances of payments and other economic and financial conditions; government intervention; speculation; and other factors. With respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political and social upheaval, and economic instability. The Fund may be required to pay foreign withholding or other taxes on certain ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, or CDRs that it owns, but investors may or may not be able to deduct their pro-rata share of such taxes in computing their taxable income, or take such shares as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax. See "Federal Income Tax Matters." ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs may be sponsored by the foreign issuer or may be unsponsored. Unsponsored ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs are organized independently and without the cooperation of the foreign issuer of the underlying securities. Unsponsored ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs are offered by companies which are not prepared to meet either the reporting or accounting standards of the United States. While readily exchangeable with stock in local markets, unsponsored ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs may be less liquid than sponsored ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs. Additionally, there generally is less publicly available information with respect to unsponsored ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and CDRs.

**Debt Securities**

The Fund may invest in debt securities. Debt securities are used by issuers to borrow money. Generally, issuers pay investors periodic interest and repay the amount borrowed either periodically during the life of the security and/or at maturity. Some debt securities, such as zero coupon bonds, do not pay current interest, but are purchased at a discount from their face values and accrue interest at the applicable coupon rate over a specified time period. Some debt securities pay a periodic coupon that is not fixed; instead payments "float" relative to a reference rate, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR").. This "floating rate" debt may pay interest at levels above or below the previous interest payment. The market prices of debt securities fluctuate depending on such factors as interest rates, credit quality and maturity. In general, market prices of debt securities decline when interest rates rise and increase when interest rates fall.

Lower rated debt securities, those rated Ba or below by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") and/or BB or below by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("S&P") or unrated but determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality, are described by the rating agencies as speculative and involve greater risk of default or price changes than higher rated debt securities due to changes in the issuer's creditworthiness or the fact that the issuer may already be in default. The market prices of these securities may fluctuate more than higher quality securities and may decline significantly in periods of general economic difficulty. It may be more difficult to sell or to determine the value of lower rated debt securities. Certain additional risk factors related to debt securities are discussed below:

<u>Sensitivity to interest rate and economic changes</u>. Debt securities may be sensitive to economic changes, political and corporate developments, and interest rate changes. In addition, during an economic downturn or periods of rising interest rates, issuers that are highly leveraged may experience increased financial stress that could adversely affect their ability to meet projected business goals, obtain additional financing, and service their principal and interest payment obligations. Furthermore, periods of economic change and uncertainty can be expected to result in increased volatility of market prices and yields of certain debt securities. For example, prices of these securities can be affected by financial contracts held by the issuer or third parties (such as derivatives) related to the security or other assets or indices.

<u>Payment expectations</u>. Debt securities may contain redemption or call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a lower interest rate environment, the Fund would have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in decreased income to investors. If the issuer of a debt security defaults on its obligations to pay interest or principal or is the subject of bankruptcy proceedings, the Fund may incur losses or expenses in seeking recovery of amounts owed to it.

<u>Liquidity</u>. Liquidity risk may result from the lack of an active market, or reduced number and capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in fixed income securities, and may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment or other circumstances where investor redemptions from fixed income mutual funds may be higher than normal, causing increased supply in the market due to selling activity. In such cases, the Fund, due to limitations on investments in illiquid securities and the difficulty in purchasing and selling such securities or instruments, may be unable to achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector. To the extent that the Fund's principal investment strategies involve investments in securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, foreign non-U.S. securities, Rule 144A securities, illiquid sectors of fixed income securities, derivatives or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk, the Fund will tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Further, fixed income securities with longer durations until maturity face heightened levels of liquidity risk as compared to fixed income securities with shorter durations until maturity. Finally, liquidity risk also refers to the risk of unusually high redemption requests or other unusual market conditions that may make it difficult for the Fund to fully honor redemption requests within the allowable time period. Meeting such redemption requests could require the Fund to sell securities at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions, which would reduce the value of the Fund. It may also be the case that other market participants may be attempting to liquidate fixed income holdings at the same time as the Fund, causing increased supply in the market and contributing to liquidity risk and downward pricing pressure.

The Sub-Advisor attempts to reduce the risks described above through diversification of the Fund's portfolio, credit analysis of each issuer, and by monitoring broad economic trends as well as corporate and legislative developments, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so. Credit ratings of debt securities provided by rating agencies indicate a measure of the safety of principal and interest payments, not market value risk. The rating of an issuer is a rating agency's view of past and future potential developments related to the issuer and may not necessarily reflect actual outcomes. There can be a lag between corporate developments and the time a rating is assigned and updated.

<u>Changing Fixed Income Market Conditions</u>. Following the financial crisis that began in 2007, the U.S. government and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve") as well as certain foreign governments and central banks, took steps to support financial markets, including by keeping interest rates at historically low levels and by purchasing large quantities of securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities on the open market ("Quantitative Easing"). Similar steps were taken again in 2020 in an effort to support the economy during the coronavirus pandemic. In 2022, when the Federal Reserve began to unwind its balance sheet by not replacing existing bond holdings as they mature (" Quantitative Tightening"). Also in 2022, the Federal Reserve began raising the federal funds rate in an effort to help fight inflation. Such policy changes may expose fixed-income and related markets to heightened volatility and may reduce liquidity for certain Fund investments, which could cause the value of the Fund's investments and share price to decline. If the Fund invests in derivatives tied to fixed income markets it may be more substantially exposed to these risks than a fund that does not invest in derivatives. Government interventions such as those described above may not work as intended, particularly if the efforts are perceived by investors as being unlikely to achieve the desired results.

Bond markets have consistently grown over the past three decades while the capacity for traditional dealer counterparties to engage in fixed income trading has not kept pace and in some cases has decreased. As a result, dealer inventories of corporate bonds, which provide a core indication of the ability of financial intermediaries to "make markets," are at or near historic lows in relation to market size. Because market makers provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, the significant reduction in dealer inventories could potentially lead to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets. Such issues may be exacerbated during periods of economic uncertainty.

<u>Bond Ratings</u>. Bond rating agencies may assign modifiers (such as +/–) to ratings categories to signify the relative position of a credit within the rating category. Investment policies that are based on ratings categories should be read to include any security within that category, without considering the modifier. Please refer to Appendix A for more information about credit ratings.

**Lower-Rated Debt Securities**

The Fund may invest in lower-rated fixed-income securities (commonly known as "junk bonds"). The lower ratings reflect a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer or in general economic conditions, or both, or an unanticipated rise in interest rates, may impair the ability of the issuer to make payments of interest and principal. The inability (or perceived inability) of issuers to make timely payment of interest and principal would likely make the values of securities held by the Fund more volatile and could limit the Fund's ability to sell its securities at prices approximating the values the Fund had placed on such securities. In the absence of a liquid trading market for securities held by it, the Fund at times may be unable to establish the fair value of such securities. Securities ratings are based largely on the issuer's historical financial condition and the rating agencies' analysis at the time of rating. Consequently, the rating assigned to any particular security is not necessarily a reflection of the issuer's current financial condition, which may be better or worse than the rating would indicate. In addition, the rating assigned to a security by Moody's or S&P (or by any other nationally recognized securities rating agency) does not reflect an assessment of the volatility of the security's market value or the liquidity of an investment in the security.

Like those of other fixed-income securities, the values of lower-rated securities fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates. A decrease in interest rates will generally result in an increase in the value of the Fund's fixed-income assets. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of the Fund's fixed-income assets will generally decline. The values of lower-rated securities may often be affected to a greater extent by changes in general economic conditions and business conditions affecting the issuers of such securities and their industries. Negative publicity or investor perceptions may also adversely affect the values of lower-rated securities. Changes by nationally recognized securities rating agencies in their ratings of any fixed-income security and changes in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of portfolio securities generally will not affect income derived from these securities, but will affect the Fund's net asset value. The Fund will not necessarily dispose of a security when its rating is reduced below its rating at the time of purchase. However, the Advisor will monitor the investment to determine whether its retention will assist in meeting the Fund's investment objective. Issuers of lower-rated securities are often highly leveraged, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired. Such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them and may be unable to repay outstanding obligations at maturity by refinancing.

The risk of loss due to default in payment of interest or repayment of principal by such issuers is significantly greater because such securities frequently are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. It is possible that, under adverse market or economic conditions or in the event of adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities when the Advisor believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell the securities only at prices lower than if they were more widely held. Under these circumstances, it may also be more difficult to determine the fair value of such securities for purposes of computing the Fund's net asset value. In order to enforce its rights in the event of a default, the Fund may be required to participate in various legal proceedings or take possession of and manage assets securing the issuer's obligations on such securities. This could increase the Fund's operating expenses and adversely affect the Fund's net asset value. The ability of a holder of a tax-exempt security to enforce the terms of that security in a bankruptcy proceeding may be more limited than would be the case with respect to securities of private issuers. In addition, the Fund's intention to qualify as a "regulated investment company" under the Code. The Code may limit the extent to which the Fund may exercise its rights by taking possession of such assets. To the extent the Fund invests in securities in the lower rating categories, the achievement of the Fund's investment objective is more dependent on the Advisor's investment analysis than would be the case if the Fund were investing in securities in the higher rating categories.

**Over-the-Counter Transactions – Fixed Income Securities**

The Fund may enter into OTC transactions involving fixed income securities. OTC transactions differ from exchange-traded transactions in several respects. OTC transactions are transacted directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation. Without the availability of a clearing corporation, OTC transaction pricing is normally done by reference to information from market makers, which information is carefully monitored by the Sub-Advisor and verified in appropriate cases. As OTC transactions are transacted directly with dealers, there is a risk of nonperformance by the dealer as a result of the insolvency of such dealer or otherwise. The Fund intends to enter into OTC transactions only with dealers which agree to, and which are expected to be capable of, entering into closing transactions with the Fund. There is also no assurance that the Fund will be able to liquidate an OTC transaction at any time prior to expiration.

**Investment Company Securities**

The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies (each, an "Underlying Fund"), including open-end funds, closed-end funds, unit investment trusts ("UITs") and exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), to the extent permitted by applicable law and subject to certain restrictions set forth in this SAI.

Under Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act, the Fund may acquire securities of an Underlying Fund in amounts which, as determined immediately after the acquisition is made, do not exceed (i) 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of such Underlying Fund, (ii) 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets, and (iii) 10% of the value of the Fund's total assets when combined with all other Underlying Fund securities held by the Fund. The Fund may exceed these statutory limits when permitted by SEC order or other applicable law or regulatory guidance, such as is the case with many ETFs. In October 2020, the SEC adopted certain regulatory changes and took other actions related to the ability of an investment company to invest in the securities of another investment company. These changes include, in part, the rescission of certain SEC exemptive orders permitting investments in excess of the statutory limits, the withdrawal of certain related SEC staff no-action letters, and the adoption of Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act, which permits the Fund to invest in other investment companies beyond the statutory limits, subject to certain conditions. Rule 12d1-4, among other things, (1) applies to both "acquired funds" and "acquiring funds," each as defined under the rule; (2) includes limits on control and voting of acquired funds' shares; (3) requires that the investment advisers of acquired funds and acquiring funds relying on the rule make certain specified findings based on their evaluation of the relevant fund of funds structure; (4) requires acquired funds and acquiring funds that are relying on the rule, and which do not have the same investment adviser, to enter into fund of funds investment agreements, which must include specific terms; and (5) includes certain limits on complex fund of funds structures.

Generally, under Sections 12(d)(1)(F) and 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act and SEC rules adopted pursuant to the 1940 Act, the Fund may acquire the securities of affiliated and unaffiliated Underlying Funds subject to the following guidelines and restrictions:

● The Fund may own an unlimited amount of the securities of any registered open-end fund or registered unit investment trust that is affiliated with the Fund, so long as any such Underlying Fund has a policy that prohibits it from acquiring any securities of registered open-end funds or registered UITs in reliance on certain sections of the 1940 Act.

● The Fund and its "affiliated persons" may own up to 3% of the outstanding stock of any fund, subject to the following restrictions:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i. the
 Fund and each Underlying Fund, in the aggregate, may not charge a sales load greater
 than the limits set forth in Rule 2830(d)(3) of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry
 Regulatory Authority ("FINRA") applicable to funds of funds;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii. each
 Underlying Fund is not obligated to redeem more than 1% of its total outstanding securities
 during any period less than 30 days; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iii. the
 Fund is obligated either to (i) seek instructions from its shareholders with regard to
 the voting of all proxies with respect to the Underlying Fund and to vote in accordance
 with such instructions, or (ii) to vote the shares of the Underlying Fund held by the
 Fund in the same proportion as the vote of all other shareholders of the Underlying Fund.

Underlying Funds typically incur fees that are separate from those fees incurred directly by the Fund. The Fund's purchase of such investment company securities results in the layering of expenses as Fund shareholders would indirectly bear a proportionate share of the operating expenses of such investment companies, including advisory fees, in addition to paying Fund expenses. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to certain leverage risks. The net asset value and market value of leveraged securities will be more volatile and the yield to shareholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged securities. Investment companies may have investment policies that differ from those of the Fund.

Under certain circumstances an open-end investment company in which the Fund invests may determine to make payment of a redemption by the Fund wholly or in part by a distribution in kind of securities from its portfolio, instead of in cash. As a result, the Fund may hold such securities until the Advisor determines it is appropriate to dispose of them. Such disposition will impose additional costs on the Fund.

Investment decisions by the investment advisors to the registered investment companies in which the Fund invests are made independently of the Fund. At any particular time, one Underlying Fund may be purchasing shares of an issuer whose shares are being sold by another Underlying Fund. As a result, under these circumstances the Fund indirectly would incur certain transactional costs without accomplishing any investment purpose.

**Exchange-Traded Funds ("ETFs")**

The Fund may invest in ETFs. ETFs are pooled investment vehicles that generally seek to track the performance of specific indices. ETFs may be organized as open-end funds or as UITs. Their shares are listed on stock exchanges and can be traded throughout the day at market-determined prices.

An ETF generally issues index-based investments in large aggregations of shares known as "Creation Units" in exchange for a "Portfolio Deposit" consisting of (a) a portfolio of securities designated by the ETF, (b) a cash payment equal to a pro rata portion of the dividends accrued on the ETF's portfolio securities since the last dividend payment by the ETF, net of expenses and liabilities, and (c) a cash payment or credit ("Balancing Amount") designed to equalize the net asset value of the shares and the net asset value of a Portfolio Deposit.

Shares of ETFs are not individually redeemable, except upon the reorganization, merger, conversion or liquidation of the ETF. To redeem shares of an ETF, an investor must accumulate enough shares of the ETF to reconstitute a Creation Unit. The liquidity of small holdings of ETF shares, therefore, will depend upon the existence of a secondary market for such shares. Upon redemption of a Creation Unit, the investor will receive securities designated by the ETF ("Redemption Securities") and a cash payment in an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value of the shares being redeemed and the net asset value of the Redemption Securities.

The price of ETF shares is based upon (but not necessarily identical to) the value of the securities held by the ETF. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of ETF shares is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for ETF shares is based on a basket of stocks. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying ETF shares purchased or sold by the Fund could result in losses on such shares. There is no assurance that the requirements of the national securities exchanges necessary to maintain the listing of shares of any ETF will continue to be met.

**Derivatives**

The Fund may utilize a variety of derivatives contracts, such as futures, options, swaps and forward contracts, both for investment purposes and for hedging purposes. Hedging involves special risks including the possible default by the other party to the transaction, illiquidity and, to the extent the Sub-Advisor's assessment of certain market movements is incorrect, the risk that the use of hedging could result in losses greater than if hedging had not been used. Nonetheless, with respect to certain investment positions, the Fund may not be sufficiently hedged against market fluctuations, in which case an investment position could result in a loss greater than if the Sub-Advisor had been sufficiently hedged with respect to such position.

The Sub-Advisor will not, in general, attempt to hedge all market or other risks inherent in the Fund's positions, and may hedge certain risks, if at all, only partially. Specifically, the Sub-Advisor may choose not, or may determine that it is economically unattractive, to hedge certain risks, either in respect of particular positions or in respect of the Fund's overall portfolio. Moreover, it should be noted that the Fund's portfolio always will be exposed to unidentified systematic risk factors and to certain risks that cannot be completely hedged, such as credit risk (relating both to particular securities and to counterparties). The Fund's portfolio composition may result in various directional market risks remaining unhedged, although the Sub-Advisor may rely on diversification to control such risks to the extent that the Sub-Advisor believes it is desirable to do so.

The regulation of derivatives markets in the United States is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act"), signed into law in 2010, granted significant authority to the SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") to impose comprehensive regulations on the over-the-counter and cleared derivatives markets. These regulations include, but are not limited to, mandatory clearing of certain derivatives and requirements relating to disclosure, margin and trade reporting. New regulations could adversely affect the value, availability and performance of certain derivative instruments, may make them more costly, and may limit or restrict their use by the Fund.

In October 2020, the SEC adopted Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act (the "Derivatives Rule"), which provides an updated, comprehensive framework for registered investment companies' use of derivatives. Effective August 19, 2022, the Fund began operating under the Derivatives Rule which, among other things, governs the use of derivative investments and certain financing transactions (e.g., reverse repurchase agreements) by registered investment companies. The Derivatives Rule requires investment companies that enter into derivatives transactions and certain other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations to, among other things, (i) comply with a value-at-risk ("VaR") leverage limit, and (ii) adopt and implement a comprehensive written derivatives risk management program. These and other requirements apply unless the Fund qualifies as a "limited derivatives user," which the Derivatives Rule defines as a fund that limits its derivatives exposure to 10% of its net assets. In connection with the adoption of the Derivatives Rule, the Fund is no longer required to comply with the asset segregation framework arising from prior SEC guidance for covering certain derivative instruments and related transactions. Complying with the Derivatives Rule may increase the cost of the Fund's investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors. The Derivatives Rule may not be effective to limit the Fund's risk of loss. In particular, measurements of VaR rely on historical data and may not accurately measure the degree of risk reflected in the Fund's derivatives or other investments. Other potentially adverse regulatory obligations can develop suddenly and without notice.

Certain additional risk factors related to derivatives are discussed below:

<u>Derivatives Risk</u>. Under recently adopted rules by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"), transactions in some types of interest rate swaps and index credit default swaps on North American and European indices will be required to be cleared. In a cleared derivatives transaction, the Fund's counterparty is a clearing house (such as CME Clearing, ICE Clearing or LCH.Clearnet), rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members, who are futures commission merchants that are members of the clearing houses and who have the appropriate regulatory approvals to engage in swap transactions. The Fund will make and receive payments owed under cleared derivatives transactions (including margin payments) through its accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients' obligations to the clearing house. In contrast to bilateral derivatives transactions, following a period of advance notice to the Fund, clearing members generally can require termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions at any time and increases in margin above the margin that it required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing transactions and to terminate transactions. Any such increase or termination could interfere with the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Also, the Fund is subject to execution risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that the Sub-Advisor expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Fund's behalf. While the documentation in place between the Fund and its clearing members generally provides that the clearing members will accept for clearing all transactions submitted for clearing that are within credit limits specified by the clearing members in advance, the Fund could be subject to this execution risk if the Fund submits for clearing transactions that exceed such credit limits, if the clearing house does not accept the transactions for clearing, or if the clearing members do not comply with their agreement to clear such transactions. In that case, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of any increase in the value of the transaction after the time of the transaction. In addition, new regulations could, among other things, restrict the Fund's ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund or increasing margin or capital requirements. If the Fund is not able to enter into a particular derivatives transaction, the Fund's investment performance and risk profile could be adversely affected as a result.

<u>Counterparty Risk</u>. Counterparty risk with respect to OTC derivatives may be affected by new regulations promulgated by the CFTC and SEC affecting the derivatives market. As described under "Derivatives Risk" above, some derivatives transactions will be required to be cleared, and a party to a cleared derivatives transaction is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position, rather than the credit risk of its original counterparty to the derivative transaction. Clearing members are required to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to cleared derivatives transactions from the clearing member's proprietary assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing broker from its customers are generally held by the clearing broker on a commingled basis in an omnibus account, which may also invest those funds in certain instruments permitted under the applicable regulations. The assets of the Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the Fund's clearing member because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing broker's customers for a relevant account class. Also, the clearing member transfers to the clearing house the amount of margin required by the clearing house for cleared derivatives transactions, which amounts are generally held in an omnibus account at the clearing house for all customers of the clearing member. For commodities futures positions, the clearing house may use all of the collateral held in the clearing member's omnibus account to meet a loss in that account, without regard to which customer in fact supplied that collateral. Accordingly, in addition to bearing the credit risk of its clearing member, each customer to a futures transaction also bears "fellow customer" risk from other customers of the clearing member. However, with respect to cleared swaps positions, recent regulations promulgated by the CFTC require that the clearing member notify the clearing house of the amount of initial margin provided by the clearing member to the clearing house that is attributable to each customer. Because margin in respect of cleared swaps must be earmarked for specific clearing member customers, the clearing house may not use the collateral of one customer to cover the obligations of another customer. However, if the clearing member does not provide accurate reporting, the Fund is subject to the risk that a clearing house will use the Fund's assets held in an omnibus account at the clearing house to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the clearing member to the clearing house. In addition, a clearing member may generally choose to provide to the clearing house the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of the clearing member's customers in the aggregate, rather than the gross amount of each customer. The Fund is therefore subject to the risk that a clearing house will not make variation margin payments owed to the Fund if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default.

**Options on Securities and Securities Indices**

The Fund may invest in options on securities and stock indices. A call option entitles the purchaser, in return for the premium paid, to purchase specified securities at a specified price during the option period. A put option entitles the purchaser, in return for the premium paid, to sell specified securities during the option period. The Fund may invest in both European-style or American-style options. A European-style option is only exercisable immediately prior to its expiration. American-style options are exercisable at any time prior to the expiration date of the option.

***Selling Call and Put Options*.** The Fund may sell options to obtain, through receipt of premiums, a greater current return than would be realized on the underlying securities alone. Such current return could be expected to fluctuate because premiums earned from an option selling program and dividend or interest income yields on portfolio securities vary as economic and market conditions change. Selling options on portfolio securities is likely to result in a higher portfolio turnover rate. The purchaser of a call option pays a premium to the seller (i.e., the writer) for the right to buy the underlying security from the seller at a specified price during a certain period. The purchaser of a put option pays a premium to the seller (i.e., the writer) for the right to sell the underlying security to the writer at a specified price during a certain period.

To terminate its position as a writer of a call or put option, the Fund could enter into a "closing purchase transaction," which is the purchase of a call (put) on the same underlying security and having the same exercise price and expiration date as the call (put) previously sold by the Fund. The Fund would realize a gain (loss) if the premium plus commission paid in the closing purchase transaction is less (greater) than the premium it received on the sale of the option. The Fund would also realize a gain if an option it has written lapses unexercised.

***Purchasing Call or Put Options***. The Fund may purchase call options to protect against anticipated increases in the prices of securities. Alternatively, the Fund may purchase call options for capital appreciation. Since the premium paid for a call option is typically a small fraction of the price of the underlying security, a given amount of funds will purchase call options covering a much larger quantity of such security than could be purchased directly. By purchasing call options, the Fund could benefit from any significant increase in the price of the underlying security to a greater extent than had it invested the same amount in the security directly. However, because of the very high volatility of option premiums, the Fund would bear a significant risk of losing the entire premium if the price of the underlying security did not rise sufficiently, or if it did not do so before the option expired.

Put options may be purchased to protect against anticipated declines in the market value of either specific securities or of the Fund's assets generally. Alternatively, put options may be purchased for capital appreciation in anticipation of a price decline in the underlying security and a corresponding increase in the value of the put option. The purchase of put options for capital appreciation involves the same significant risk of loss as described above for call options.

In any case, the purchase of options for capital appreciation would increase the Fund's volatility by increasing the impact of changes in the market price of the underlying securities on the Fund's net asset value per share.

<u>Writing Call Options</u>. The Fund may write covered call options. A call option is "covered" if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in such amounts as held in a segregated account by the Fund's custodian. The writer of a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a "closing purchase transaction." This is accomplished by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.

Effecting a closing transaction in a written call option will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior to or concurrent with the sale of the security.

The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.

If the Fund were assigned an exercise notice on a call it has written, it would be required to liquidate portfolio securities in order to satisfy the exercise, unless it has other liquid assets that are sufficient to satisfy the exercise of the call. If the Fund has written a call, there is also a risk that the market may decline between the time the Fund has a call exercised against it, at a price which is fixed as of the closing level of the index on the date of exercise, and the time it is able to sell securities in its portfolio.

In addition to covered call options, the Fund may write uncovered (or "naked") call options on securities, including shares of ETFs, and indices.

<u>Writing Covered Index Call Options</u>. The Fund may sell index call options. The Fund may also execute a closing purchase transaction with respect to the option it has sold and then sell another option with either a different exercise price and/or expiration date. The Fund's objective in entering into such closing transactions is to increase option premium income, to limit losses or to protect anticipated gains in the underlying stocks. The cost of a closing transaction, while reducing the premium income realized from the sale of the option, should be offset, at least in part, by the appreciation in the value of the underlying index, and by the opportunity to realize additional premium income from selling a new option.

When the Fund sells an index call option, it does not deliver the underlying stocks or cash to the broker through whom the transaction is effected. In the case of an exchange-traded option, the Fund establishes an escrow account. The Fund's custodian (or a securities depository acting for the custodian) acts as the Fund's escrow agent. The escrow agent enters into documents known as escrow receipts with respect to the stocks included in the Fund (or escrow receipts with respect to other acceptable securities). The escrow agent releases the stocks from the escrow account when the call option expires or the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction. Until such release, the underlying stocks cannot be sold by the Fund. The Fund may enter into similar collateral arrangements with the counterparty when it sells over-the-counter index call options.

The purchaser of an index call option sold by the Fund may exercise the option at a price fixed as of the closing level of the index on exercise date. Unless the Fund has liquid assets sufficient to satisfy the exercise of the index call option, the Fund would be required to liquidate portfolio securities to satisfy the exercise. The market value of such securities may decline between the time the option is exercised and the time the Fund is able to sell the securities. For example, even if an index call which the Fund has written is "covered" by an index call held by the Fund with the same strike price, it will bear the risk that the level of the index may decline between the close of trading on the date the exercise notice is filed with the Options Clearing Corporation and the close of trading on the date the Fund exercises the call it holds or the time it sells the call, which in either case would occur no earlier than the day following the day the exercise notice was filed. If the Fund fails to anticipate an exercise, it may have to borrow from a bank (in amounts not exceeding 5% of the Fund's total assets) pending settlement of the sale of the portfolio securities and thereby incur interest charges. If trading is interrupted on the index, the Fund would not be able to close out its option positions.

<u>Risks of Transactions in Options</u>**.** There are several risks associated with transactions in options on securities and indices. Options may be more volatile than the underlying securities and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation in value than an investment in the underlying securities themselves. There are also significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objective. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or clearing corporation may not be adequate to handle current trading volume at all times; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The extent to which the Fund may enter into options transactions may be limited by the requirements of the Code for qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company.

<u>OTC Options</u>**.** The Fund may engage in transactions involving OTC options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are specific to over-the-counter options. The Fund may engage a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, but if the Fund purchased an over-the-counter option, it must then rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option if the option is exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.

Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while over-the-counter options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize the value of an over-the-counter option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes an over-the-counter option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter into over-the-counter options only with dealers who will agree to and are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate an over-the-counter option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a covered over-the-counter call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate an over-the-counter option. With respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Fund.

The SEC has taken the position that purchased over-the-counter options are illiquid securities. The Fund may treat the cover used for written over-the-counter options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the over-the-counter option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the over-the-counter option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Fund will treat over-the-counter options as subject to the Fund's limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of over-the-counter options, the Fund will change the treatment of such instruments accordingly.

<u>Stock Index Options.</u> The Fund may invest in options on indices, including broad-based security indices. Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on other investments except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities. When a fund writes a call on an index, it receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the call times a specified multiple ("multiplier"), which determines the total dollar value for each point of such difference. When a fund buys a call on an index, it pays a premium and has the same rights as to such call as are indicated above. When a fund buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon the fund's exercise of the put, to deliver to the fund an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put, which amount of cash is determined by the multiplier, as described above for calls. When a fund writes a put on an index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the fund to deliver to it an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and exercise price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise price.

The risks of investment in options on indices may be greater than options on securities. Because index options are settled in cash, if a fund writes a call on an index it cannot provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying index. A fund can offset some of the risk of writing a call index option by holding a diversified portfolio of securities or instruments similar to those on which the underlying index is based. However, a fund cannot, as a practical matter, acquire and hold a portfolio containing exactly the same securities or instruments as underlie the index and, as a result, bears a risk that the value of the securities or instruments held will vary from the value of the index.

Even if the Fund could assemble a portfolio that exactly reproduced the composition of the underlying index, it still would not be fully covered from a risk standpoint because of the "timing risk" inherent in writing index options. When an index option is exercised, the amount of cash that the holder is entitled to receive is determined by the difference between the exercise price and the closing index level on the date when the option is exercised. As with other kinds of options, a fund as the call writer will not learn of the assignment until the next business day at the earliest. The time lag between exercise and notice of assignment poses no risk for the writer of a covered call on a specific underlying security or instrument, such as common stock, because there the writer's obligation is to deliver the underlying security or instrument, not to pay its value as of a fixed time in the past. So long as the writer already owns the underlying security or instrument, it can satisfy its settlement obligations by simply delivering it, and the risk that its value may have declined since the exercise date is borne by the exercising holder. In contrast, even if the writer of an index call holds investments that exactly match the composition of the underlying index, it will not be able to satisfy its assignment obligations by delivering those investments against payment of the exercise price. Instead, it will be required to pay cash in an amount based on the closing index value on the exercise date. By the time it learns that it has been assigned, the index may have declined, with a corresponding decline in the value of its portfolio. This "timing risk" is an inherent limitation on the ability of index call writers to cover their risk exposure by holding security or instrument positions.

If the Fund has purchased an index option and exercises it before the closing index value for that day is available, it runs the risk that the level of the underlying index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised option to fall out-of-the-money, the Fund will be required to pay the difference between the closing index value and the exercise price of the option (times the applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.

**Futures and Options on Futures**

The Fund may use interest rate, foreign currency, index and other futures contracts. The Fund may use options on futures contracts. A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified quantity of the security or other financial instrument at a specified price and time. A futures contract on an index is an agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract originally was written. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, physical delivery of these securities is not always made. A public market exists in futures contracts covering a number of indexes, as well as financial instruments, including, without limitation: U.S. Treasury bonds; U.S. Treasury notes; GNMA Certificates; three-month U.S. Treasury bills; 90-day commercial paper; bank certificates of deposit; Eurodollar certificates of deposit; the Australian dollar; the Canadian dollar; the British Pound; the Japanese Yen; the Swiss Franc; the Mexican Peso; and certain multinational currencies, such as the Euro. It is expected that other futures contracts will be developed and traded in the future.

The Fund may purchase and write (sell) call and put futures options. Futures options possess many of the same characteristics as options on securities and indexes (discussed above). A futures option gives the holder the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price upon expiration of, or at any time during the period of, the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the opposite is true. When a purchase or sale of a futures contract is made by the Fund, the Fund is required to deposit with its futures commission merchant a specified amount of liquid assets ("initial margin"). The margin required for a futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be modified during the term of the contract. The initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the futures contract that is returned to the Fund upon termination of the contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. The Fund expects to earn taxable interest income on its initial margin deposits. The Fund, as a writer of an option, may have no control over whether the underlying futures contracts may be sold (call) or purchased (put) and as a result, bears the market risk of an unfavorable change in the valuation of the futures contracts underlying the written option. The Fund, as a purchaser of an option, bears the risk that the counterparties to the option may not have the ability to meet the terms of the option contract.

The Fund invests in futures, options on futures and other instruments subject to regulation by the CFTC in reliance upon and in accordance with CFTC Regulation 4.5. Under Regulation 4.5, if the Fund uses futures, options on futures, or swaps other than for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined by the CFTC), the aggregate initial margin and premiums on these positions (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions and excluding the amount by which options are "in-the-money" at the time of purchase of a new position) may not exceed 5% of the Fund's liquidation value, or alternatively, the aggregate net notional value of those positions at the time may not exceed 100% of the Fund's liquidation value (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). The Advisor, on behalf of the Fund, has filed a notice of eligibility for exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" in accordance with CFTC Regulation 4.5. As of the date of this SAI, the Fund is not deemed to be a "commodity pool" or "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act ("CEA"), and it is not subject to registration or regulation as such under the CEA. In addition, as of the date of this SAI, the Advisor is not deemed to be a "commodity pool operator" or "commodity trading adviser" with respect to the advisory services it provides to the Fund. In the future, if the Fund's use of futures, options on futures, or swaps requires the Advisor to register as a commodity pool operator with the CFTC with respect to the Fund, the Advisor will do so at that time.

A futures contract held by the Fund is valued daily at the official settlement price of the exchange on which it is traded. Each day the Fund pays or receives cash, called "variation margin", equal to the daily change in value of the futures contract. This process is known as "marking to market". Variation margin does not represent a borrowing or loan by the Fund but is instead a settlement between the Fund and the broker of the amount one would owe the other if the futures contract expired. In computing daily net asset value, the Fund will mark to market its open futures positions. The Fund also is required to deposit and to maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits will vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option and other futures positions held by the Fund. Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, generally these obligations are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (involving the same exchange, underlying security or index and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is more, the Fund realizes a capital loss. Conversely, if an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a capital gain, or if it is less, the Fund realizes a capital loss. The transaction costs also must be included in these calculations.

The Fund may write covered straddles consisting of a call and a put written on the same underlying futures contract. A straddle will be covered when sufficient assets are deposited to meet the Fund's immediate obligations. The Fund may use the same liquid assets to cover both the call and put options if the exercise price of the call and put are the same, or if the exercise price of the call is higher than that of the put.

**Stock Index Futures**

The Fund may invest in stock index futures only as a substitute for a comparable market position in the underlying securities. A stock index future obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to accept), effectively, an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount times the difference between the value of a specific stock index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made. No physical delivery of the underlying stocks in the index is made. With respect to stock indices that are permitted investments, the Fund intends to purchase and sell futures contracts on the stock index for which it can obtain the best price with consideration also given to liquidity.

**Swap Transactions**

The Fund may enter into interest rate, currency and index swaps and the purchase or sale of related caps, floors and collars. The Fund may enter into these transactions to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio, to protect against currency fluctuations or to protect against any increase in the price of securities it anticipates purchasing at a later date. Swaps may be used in conjunction with other instruments to offset interest rate, currency or other underlying risks. For example, interest rate swaps may be offset with "caps," "floors" or "collars". A "cap" is essentially a call option which places a limit on the amount of floating rate interest that must be paid on a certain principal amount. A "floor" is essentially a put option which places a limit on the minimum amount that would be paid on a certain principal amount. A "collar" is essentially a combination of a long cap and a short floor where the limits are set at different levels.

The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis; that is, the two payment streams will be netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments.

<u>Total Return Swaps</u>. The Fund may enter into total return swap contracts for investment purposes. Total return swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments based on the change in market value of the underlying assets, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or security indexes during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate of the total return from other underlying assets. Total return swaps may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or market, including in cases in which there may be disadvantages associated with direct ownership of a particular security. In a typical total return equity swap, payments made by the Fund or the counterparty are based on the total return of a particular reference asset or assets (such as an equity security, a combination of such securities, or an index). That is, one party agrees to pay another party the return on a stock, basket of stocks, or stock index in return for a specified interest rate. By entering into an equity index swap, for example, the index receiver can gain exposure to stocks making up the index of securities without actually purchasing those stocks. Total return swaps involve not only the risk associated with the investment in the underlying securities, but also the risk of the counterparty not fulfilling its obligations under the agreement.

<u>Credit Default Swaps</u>. The Fund may enter into credit default swap transactions for investment purposes. A credit default swap may have as reference obligations one or more securities that are not currently held by the Fund. The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in the transaction. Credit default swaps may also be structured based on the debt of a basket of issuers, rather than a single issuer, and may be customized with respect to the default event that triggers purchase or other factors. As a seller, the Fund would generally receive an upfront payment or a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the swap, which typically is between six months and three years, provided that there is no credit event. If a credit event occurs, generally the seller must pay the buyer the full face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference obligations that may have little or no value. If the Fund were a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund would recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference obligation that may have little or no value. The use of swap transactions by the Fund entails certain risks, which may be different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities and other investments that are the referenced asset for the swap transaction. Swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of a swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index, but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all the possible market conditions. Because some swap transactions have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself. Certain swaps have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment.

The Fund may also purchase credit default swap contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of the debt of a particular issuer or basket of issuers, in which case the Fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. This would involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer(s) of the underlying obligation(s) (or, as applicable, a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve the risk that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Fund in the event of a default. The purchase of credit default swaps involves costs, which will reduce the Fund's return.

<u>Currency Swaps</u>. The Fund may enter into currency swap transactions for investment purposes. Currency swaps are similar to interest rate swaps, except that they involve multiple currencies. The Fund may enter into a currency swap when it has exposure to one currency and desires exposure to a different currency. Typically the interest rates that determine the currency swap payments are fixed, although occasionally one or both parties may pay a floating rate of interest. Unlike an interest rate swap, however, the principal amounts are exchanged at the beginning of the contract and returned at the end of the contract. In addition to paying and receiving amounts at the beginning and termination of the agreements, both sides will also have to pay in full periodically based upon the currency they have borrowed. Change in foreign exchange rates and changes in interest rates, as described above, may negatively affect currency swaps.

<u>Interest Rate Swaps</u>. The Fund may enter into an interest rate swap in an effort to protect against declines in the value of fixed income securities held by the Fund. In such an instance, the Fund may agree to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) while a counterparty agrees to pay a floating rate (multiplied by the same notional amount). If interest rates rise, resulting in a diminution in the value of the Fund's portfolio, the fund would receive payments under the swap that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value.

<u>Options on Swaps</u>. The Fund may enter into options on swap agreements. An option on a swap agreement, or a "swaption," is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement, at some designated future time on specified terms. In return, the purchaser pays a "premium" to the seller of the contract. The seller of the contract receives the premium and bears the risk of unfavorable changes on the underlying swap. The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions. The Fund may also enter into swaptions on either an asset-based or liability-based basis, depending on whether the Fund is hedging its assets or its liabilities. The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions to the same extent it may make use of standard options on securities or other instruments. The Fund may enter into these transactions primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its holdings, as a duration management technique, to protect against an increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date, or for any other purposes, such as for speculation to increase returns. Swaptions are generally subject to the same risks involved in the Fund's use of options.

Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, the Fund will generally incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swaption than it will incur when it purchases a swaption. When the Fund purchases a swaption, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the Fund writes a swaption, upon exercise of the option the Fund will become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.

**OTC Derivatives Transactions**

The Fund may enter into OTC derivatives transactions. The Dodd-Frank Act established a new statutory framework that comprehensively regulated the OTC derivatives markets for the first time. Key Dodd-Frank Act provisions relating to OTC derivatives require rulemaking by the SEC and the CFTC, not all of which has been proposed or finalized as at the date of this SAI. Prior to the Dodd-Frank Act, the OTC derivatives markets were traditionally traded on a bilateral basis (so-called "bilateral OTC transactions"). Now certain OTC derivatives contracts are required to be centrally cleared and traded on exchanges or electronic trading platforms called swap execution facilities ("SEFs").

Bilateral OTC transactions differ from exchange-traded or cleared derivatives transactions in several respects. Bilateral OTC transactions are transacted directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation. Without the availability of a clearing corporation, bilateral OTC transaction pricing is normally done by reference to information from market makers, which information is carefully monitored by the Advisor and verified in appropriate cases. As bilateral OTC transactions are entered into directly with a dealer, there is a risk of nonperformance by the dealer as a result of its insolvency or otherwise. Under recently-adopted CFTC regulations, counterparties of registered swap dealers and major swap participants have the right to elect segregation of initial margin in respect of uncleared swaps. If a counterparty makes such an election, any initial margin that is posted to the swap dealer or major swap participant must be segregated in individual customer accounts held at an independent third-party custodian. In addition, the collateral may only be invested in certain categories of instruments identified in the CFTC's regulations. Agreements covering these segregation arrangements must generally provide for consent by both the counterparty and the swap dealer or major swap participant to withdraw margin from the segregated account. Given these limitations on the use of uncleared swaps collateral, there is some likelihood that the electing counterparty will experience an increase in the costs associated with trading swaps with the relevant swap dealer or major swap participant. Certain other protections apply to a counterparty to uncleared swaps under the CFTC's regulations even if the counterparty does not elect segregation of its initial margin. These regulations are newly adopted, and it remains unclear whether they will be effective in protecting initial margin in the manner intended in the event of significant market stress or the insolvency of a swap dealer or major swap participant.

Furthermore, a bilateral OTC transaction may only be terminated voluntarily by entering into a closing transaction with the dealer with which the Fund originally dealt. Any such cancellation may require the Fund to pay a premium to that dealer. In those cases in which the Fund has entered into a covered transaction and cannot voluntarily terminate the transaction, the Fund will not be able to sell the underlying security until the transaction expires or is exercised or different cover is substituted. The Fund will seek to enter into OTC transactions only with dealers which agree to, and which are expected to be capable of, entering into closing transactions with the Fund. There is also no assurance that the Fund will be able to liquidate an OTC transaction at any time prior to expiration.

The requirement to execute certain OTC derivatives contracts on SEFs may offer certain advantages over traditional bilateral OTC trading, such as ease of execution, price transparency, increased liquidity and/or favorable pricing. However, SEF trading may make it more difficult and costly for the Fund to enter into highly tailored or customized transactions and may result in additional costs and risks. Market participants such as the Fund that execute derivatives contracts through a SEF, whether directly or through a broker intermediary, are required to submit to the jurisdiction of the SEF and comply with SEF and CFTC rules and regulations which impose, among other things disclosure and recordkeeping obligations. In addition, the Fund will generally incur SEF or broker intermediary fees when it trades on a SEF. The Fund may also be required to indemnify the SEF or broker intermediary for any losses or costs that may result from the Fund's transactions on the SEF.

**Short-Term Investments**

The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:

<u>Certificates of Deposit, Bankers' Acceptances and Time Deposits.</u> The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time deposits in U.S. dollar or foreign currencies. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against monies deposited in a commercial bank, or savings and loan association for a definite period of time that earn a specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate. The Fund may only acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, and time deposits issued by commercial banks or savings and loan associations that, at the time of the Fund's investment, have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such obligations are fully insured by the U.S. government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are different in some respects from those incurred if the Fund invests only in debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" above. Such risks include future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is located, the possible confiscation or nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange controls, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which may adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.

Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans that may be made and interest rates that may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds and the interest income generated from lending operations. General economic conditions and the quality of loan portfolios affect the banking industry.

As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks are required to maintain specified levels of reserves, are limited in the amount that they can loan to a single borrower, and are subject to regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws and regulations may not necessarily apply to foreign banks, thereby affecting the risk involved in bank obligations that the Fund may acquire.

<u>Commercial Paper, Short-Term Notes and Other Corporate Obligations.</u> The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such instruments may have maturities of up to one year.

The Fund's investment in commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's, or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor to be of comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in Appendix A.

Corporate debt obligations are subject to the risk of an issuer's inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligations, i.e., credit risk. The Advisor or the Sub-Advisor may actively expose the Fund to credit risk. However, there can be no guarantee that the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor will be successful in making the right selections and thus fully mitigate the impact of credit risk changes on the Fund.

**Government Obligations**

The Fund may invest in U.S. government obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of indebtedness, notes and bonds. U.S. government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government securities, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis. U.S. government obligations include securities issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored enterprises.

Payment of principal and interest on U.S. government obligations may be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States or may be backed solely by the issuing or guaranteeing agency or instrumentality itself. In the latter case, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment, which agency or instrumentality may be privately owned. There can be no assurance that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities, including government-sponsored enterprises, where it is not obligated to do so. In addition, U.S. government obligations are subject to fluctuations in market value due to fluctuations in market interest rates. As a general matter, the value of debt instruments, including U.S. government obligations, declines when market interest rates increase and rises when market interest rates decrease. Certain types of U.S. government obligations are subject to fluctuations in yield or value due to their structure or contract terms.

**Illiquid and Restricted Securities**

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are securities that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the securities. Illiquid securities may be difficult to value, and the Fund may have difficulty or be unable to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices.

The Fund may invest in restricted securities. Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold freely to the public absent registration under the 1933 Act, or an exemption from registration. While restricted securities are generally presumed to be illiquid, it may be determined that a particular restricted security is liquid. Rule 144A under the 1933 Act establishes a safe harbor from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act for resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Institutional markets for restricted securities sold pursuant to Rule 144A in many cases provide both readily ascertainable values for restricted securities and the ability to liquidate an investment to satisfy share redemption orders. Such markets might include automated systems for the trading, clearance and settlement of unregistered securities of domestic and foreign issuers, such as the PORTAL System sponsored by NASDAQ. An insufficient number of qualified buyers interested in purchasing Rule 144A eligible restricted securities, however, could adversely affect the marketability of such portfolio securities and result in the Fund's inability to dispose of such securities promptly or at favorable prices.

The Fund may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. 4(a)(2) commercial paper typically has the same price and liquidity characteristics as commercial paper, except that the resale of 4(a)(2) commercial paper is limited to the institutional investor marketplace. Such a restriction on resale makes 4(a)(2) commercial paper technically a restricted security under the 1933 Act. In practice, however, 4(a)(2) commercial paper can be resold as easily as any other unrestricted security held by the Fund.

Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act requires, among other things, that the Fund establish a liquidity risk management program ("LRMP") that is reasonably designed to assess and manage liquidity risk. Rule 22e-4 defines "liquidity risk" as the risk that a fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the fund without significant dilution of the remaining investors' interests in the fund. The Fund has implemented a LRMP to meet the relevant requirements. Additionally, the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, approved the designation of the Advisor as the Fund's LRMP administrator to administer such program, and will review no less frequently than annually a written report prepared by the Advisor that addresses the operation of the LRMP and assesses its adequacy and effectiveness of implementation. Among other things, the LRMP provides for the classification of the Fund investment as a "highly liquid investment," "moderately liquid investment," "less liquid investment" or "illiquid investment." The liquidity risk classifications of the Fund's investments are determined after reasonable inquiry and taking into account relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations. To the extent that the Fund investment is deemed to be an "illiquid investment" or a "less liquid investment," the Fund can expect to be exposed to greater liquidity risk. There is no guarantee the LRMP will be effective in its operations, and complying with Rule 22e-4, including bearing related costs, could impact the Fund's performance and its ability to seek its investment objective.

The Fund will not purchase illiquid securities if, as a result of the purchase, more than 15% of the Fund's net assets are invested in such securities. If at any time a portfolio manager and/or the Advisor determines that the value of illiquid securities held by the Fund exceeds 15% of the Fund's net assets, the Fund's portfolio managers and the Advisor will take such steps as they consider appropriate to reduce the percentage as soon as reasonably practicable.

**Short Sales**

The Fund may seek to hedge investments or realize additional gains through the use of short sales. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss will be increased, by the transaction costs incurred by the Fund, including the costs associated with providing collateral to the broker-dealer (usually cash and liquid securities) and the maintenance of collateral with its custodian. The Fund also may be required to pay a premium to borrow a security, which would increase the cost of the security sold short. Although the Fund's gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited.

The broker-dealer will retain the net proceeds of the short sale to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements until the short position is closed out.

When the Sub-Advisor believes that the price of a particular security held by the Fund may decline, it may make "short sales against the box" to hedge the unrealized gain on such security. Selling short against the box involves selling a security which the Fund owns for delivery at a specified date in the future. The Fund will incur transaction costs to open, maintain and close short sales against the box.

**Lending Portfolio Securities**

Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements and the Fund's investment restrictions, the Fund may lend portfolio securities to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions, provided that such loans are callable at any time by the Fund (subject to notice provisions described below), and are at all times secured by cash or cash equivalents, which are maintained in a segregated account pursuant to applicable regulations and that are at least equal to the market value, determined daily, of the loaned securities. The advantage of such loans is that the Fund continues to receive the income on the loaned securities while at the same time earns interest on the cash amounts deposited as collateral, which will be invested in short-term obligations. The Fund will not lend portfolio securities if such loans are not permitted by the laws or regulations of any state in which its shares are qualified for sale. The Fund's loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements and no loan will cause the value of all loaned securities to exceed 33 1/3% of the value of the Fund's total assets.

A loan may generally be terminated by the borrower on one business day's notice, or by the Fund on five business days' notice. If the borrower fails to deliver the loaned securities within five days after receipt of notice or fails to maintain the requisite amount of collateral, the Fund could use the collateral to replace the securities while holding the borrower liable for any excess of replacement cost over collateral. As with any extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery and in some cases even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially. However, these loans of portfolio securities will only be made to firms deemed by the Fund's management to be creditworthy and when the income that can be earned from such loans justifies the attendant risks. Upon termination of the loan, the borrower is required to return the securities to the Fund. Any gain or loss in the market price during the loan period would inure to the Fund. The risks associated with loans of portfolio securities are substantially similar to those associated with repurchase agreements. Thus, if the counterparty to the loan petitions for bankruptcy or becomes subject to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, the law regarding the rights of the Fund is unsettled. As a result, under extreme circumstances, there may be a restriction on the Fund's ability to sell the collateral, and the Fund would suffer a loss. When voting or consent rights that accompany loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund will follow the policy of calling the loaned securities, to be delivered within one day after notice, to permit the exercise of such rights if the matters involved would have a material effect on the Fund's investment in such loaned securities. The Fund will pay reasonable finder's, administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan of its securities.

**Borrowing**

The Fund may engage in limited borrowing activities. Borrowing creates an opportunity for increased return, but, at the same time, creates special risks. Furthermore, if the Fund were to engage in borrowing, an increase in interest rates could reduce the value of the Fund's shares by increasing the Fund's interest expense. Subject to the limitations described under "Investment Limitations" below, the Fund may be permitted to borrow for temporary purposes and/or for investment purposes. Such a practice will result in leveraging of the Fund's assets and may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so. This borrowing may be secured or unsecured. Provisions of the 1940 Act require the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund's total assets made for temporary administrative purposes. Any borrowings for temporary administrative purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund's total assets will count against this asset coverage requirement. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint if the Fund sells securities at that time. Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund's portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest charges which may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased, if any. The Fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowings or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

**Temporary Investments**

The Fund may take temporary defensive measures that are inconsistent with the Fund's normal fundamental or non-fundamental investment policies and strategies in response to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions as determined by the Sub-Advisor. Such measures could include, but are not limited to, investments in (1) highly liquid short-term fixed income securities issued by or on behalf of municipal or corporate issuers, obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit; (2) repurchase agreements involving any such securities; and (3) other money market instruments. The Fund also may invest in shares of money market mutual funds to the extent permitted under applicable law. Money market mutual funds are investment companies, and the investments in those companies by the Fund are in some cases subject to certain fundamental investment restrictions. As a shareholder in a mutual fund, the Fund will bear its ratable share of its expenses, including management fees, and will remain subject to payment of the fees to the Sub-Advisor, with respect to assets so invested. The Fund may not achieve its investment objectives during temporary defensive periods.

**Cybersecurity Risk**

Investment companies, such as the Fund, and its service providers may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among other behaviors, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, denial of service attacks on websites, the unauthorized release of confidential information or various other forms of cybersecurity breaches. Cyber attacks affecting the Fund or the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, the Fund's custodian or transfer agent, or intermediaries or other third-party service providers may adversely impact the Fund. For instance, cyber-attacks may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact the Fund's ability to calculate its net asset value, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential company information, impede trading, subject the Fund to regulatory fines or financial losses, and cause reputational damage. The Fund may also incur additional costs for cybersecurity risk management purposes. While the Fund and its service providers have established business continuity plans and risk management systems designed to prevent or reduce the impact of cybersecurity attacks, such plans and systems have inherent limitations due in part to the ever-changing nature of technology and cybersecurity attack tactics, and there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control any cybersecurity plans or systems implemented by its service providers.

Similar types of cybersecurity risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund's investment in such portfolio companies to lose value.

**LIBOR Risk**

Many financial instruments, financings or other transactions to which the Fund may be a party use or may use a floating rate based on LIBOR. In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority, the United Kingdom's financial regulatory body, announced that after 2021 it would cease its active encouragement of banks to provide the quotations needed to sustain LIBOR. The publication of LIBOR on a representative basis ceased for the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings immediately after December 31, 2021, and it is expected to cease for the remaining U.S. dollar LIBOR settings immediately after June 30, 2023. Actions by regulators have resulted in the establishment of alternative reference rates to LIBOR in most major currencies. The U.S. Federal Reserve, based on the recommendations of the New York Federal Reserve's Alternative Reference Rate Committee, is now publishing SOFR, which is intended to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR. Alternative reference rates for other currencies have also been announced or have begun publication. Markets are slowly developing in response to these new rates. Any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or on certain instruments in which the Fund invests can be difficult to determine, and they may vary depending on factors that include, but are not limited to, (i) existing fallback or termination provisions in individual contracts and (ii) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products and instruments. The transition process may involve, among other things, increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR, and there may be a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund.

In March 2022, the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act (the "LIBOR Act") was signed into law. The LIBOR Act provides a statutory fallback mechanism on a nationwide basis to replace LIBOR with a benchmark rate that is selected by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and based on SOFR for certain contracts that reference LIBOR and contain no, or insufficient, fallback provisions. The LIBOR Act is not self-executing, and thus implementing regulations are expected soon.

**INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS**

The Fund has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the favorable "vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" of the Fund means the vote of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The Fund's investment objective is a non-fundamental policy and may be changed without shareholder approval.

The Fund may not:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. Issue
 senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that (i) the Fund may borrow
 from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of its net assets (including the amount
 borrowed); and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options
 transactions or short sales or investing in financial futures, swaps, when-issued or
 delayed delivery securities, or reverse repurchase agreements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Act
 as underwriter, except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection
 with the sale of securities in its investment portfolio;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Invest
 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in any one industry
 (other than securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities),
 except that the Fund will concentrate (i.e., invest more than 25% of its total assets)
 in the real estate industry (which for purposes of this policy includes REITs);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. Purchase
 or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real estate limited partnerships (although
 the Fund may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate and securities
 of companies which invest or deal in real estate such as REITs);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. Make
 loans of money, except (a) for purchases of debt securities consistent with the investment
 policies of the Fund, (b) by engaging in repurchase agreements or, (c) through the loan
 of portfolio securities in an amount up to 33 1/3% of the Fund's net assets; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. Purchase
 or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities
 or other instruments. This limitation shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing, selling
 or entering into futures contracts, or acquiring securities or other instruments, and
 options thereon backed by, or related to, physical commodities.

The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory authorities:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. The
 Fund may not make any changes in its investment policy of investing at least 80% of its
 net assets under normal circumstances in the investments suggested by the Fund's
 name without first providing the Fund's shareholders with at least 60 days'
 prior notice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. The
 Fund may not invest, in the aggregate, more than 15% of the Fund's net assets in
 securities that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current
 market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly
 changing the market value of the securities.

Except with respect to borrowing, if a percentage or rating restriction on investment or use of assets set forth herein or in the Prospectus is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from any cause other than actions by the Fund will not be considered a violation.

**MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND**

**Trustees and Officers**

The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including the agreements with the Advisor, Sub-Advisor, co-administrators, distributor, custodian and transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, except that the Advisor and Sub-Advisor are responsible for making day-to-day investment decisions in accordance with the Fund's investment objectives, strategies, and policies, all of which are subject to general supervision by the Board.

The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their years of birth and positions with the Trust, term of office with the Trust and length of time served, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past five years and other directorships held during the past five years are listed in the table below. Unless noted otherwise, each person has held the position listed for a minimum of five years. Charles H. Miller, Ashley Toomey Rabun, William H. Young and James E. Ross are all of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (collectively, the "Independent Trustees").

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| **Name, Address,** <br> **Year of Birth** <br> **and Position(s)** <br> **held with Trust**  | **Term of** <br> **Office<sup>c</sup>** <br> **and** <br> **Length of** <br> **Time Served**  | **Principal Occupation During the** <br> **Past Five Years and** <br> **Other Affiliations**  | **Number of Portfolios** <br> **in the Fund** <br> **Complex** <br> **Overseen by** <br> **Trustee<sup>d</sup>**  | **Other** <br> **Directorships** <br> **Held by the** <br> **Trustee<sup>e</sup>**  |
| **"Independent" Trustees:** | **"Independent" Trustees:** | **"Independent" Trustees:** | **"Independent" Trustees:** | **"Independent" Trustees:** |
| Charles H. Miller <sup>a</sup> <br> (born 1947) <br> Trustee  | Since November 2007 | Retired (2013 – present); Executive Vice President, Client Management and Development, Access Data, a Broadridge company, a provider of technology and services to asset management firms (1997 – 2012). | 4 | None. |
| Ashley Toomey Rabun <sup>a</sup> <br> (born 1952) <br> Trustee and Chairperson of the Board  | Since November 2007 | Retired (2016 – present); President and Founder, InvestorReach, Inc. a financial services consulting firm (1996 – 2015). | 4 | Select Sector SPDR Trust, a registered investment company (includes 11 portfolios). |
| William H. Young <sup>a</sup> <br> (born 1950) <br> Trustee  | Since November 2007 | Retired (2014 – present); Independent financial services consultant (1996 – 2014); Interim CEO, Unified Fund Services Inc. (now Huntington Fund Services), a mutual fund service provider (2003 – 2006); Senior Vice President, Oppenheimer Management Company (1983 – 1996). Chairman, NICSA, an investment management trade association (1993 – 1996). | 4 | None. |
| James E. Ross <sup>a</sup> <br> (born 1965) <br> Trustee  | Since December 2022 | Non-Executive Chairman and Director, Fusion Acquisition Corp. II, a special purpose acquisition company (March 2021 – present); Non-Executive Chairman and Director, Fusion Acquisition Corp., a special purpose acquisition company (June 2020 – September 2021); Executive Vice President, State Street Global Advisors, a global asset management firm (2012 – March 2020); Chairman and Director, SSGA Funds Management, Inc., a registered investment advisor (2005 – March 2020); Chief Executive Officer, Manager and Director, SSGA Funds Distributor, LLC, a broker-dealer (2017 – March 2020). | 4 | SPDR Series Trust, a registered investment company (includes 125 portfolios); Select Sector SPDR Trust, a registered investment company (includes 11 portfolios); Fusion Acquisition Corp II. |

---

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name, Address,** <br> **Year of Birth** <br> **and Position(s)** <br> **held with Trust**  | **Term of** <br> **Office<sup>c</sup>** <br> **and** <br> **Length of** <br> **Time Served**  | **Principal Occupation During the** <br> **Past Five Years** <br> **and Other Affiliations**  | **Number of Portfolios** <br> **in the Fund** <br> **Complex** <br> **Overseen by** <br> **Trustee<sup>d</sup>**  | **Other** <br> **Directorships** <br> **Held by the** <br> **Trustee<sup>e</sup>**  |
| **Interested Trustees:** | **Interested Trustees:** | **Interested Trustees:** | **Interested Trustees:** | **Interested Trustees:** |
| Maureen Quill <sup>a\*</sup> <br> (born 1963) <br> Trustee and President <br>| Since June 2019 <br>| President, Investment Managers Series Trust (June 2014 – present); EVP/Executive Director Registered Funds (January 2018 – present), Chief Operating Officer (June 2014 – January 2018), and Executive Vice President (January 2007 – June 2014), UMB Fund Services, Inc.; President, UMB Distribution Services (March 2013 – December 2020); Vice President, Investment Managers Series Trust (December 2013 - June 2014). | 4 | None. |
| **Officers of the Trust:** |  |  |  |  |
| Rita Dam <sup>b</sup> <br> (born 1966) <br> Treasurer and Assistant Secretary  | Since December 2007 | Co-Chief Executive Officer (2016 – present), and Vice President (2006 – 2015), Mutual Fund Administration, LLC; Co-President, Foothill Capital Management, LLC, a registered investment advisor (2018 – 2022). | N/A | N/A |
| Joy Ausili <sup>b</sup> <br> (born 1966) <br> Vice President, Assistant Secretary and Assistant Treasurer  | Since March 2016 | Co-Chief Executive Officer (2016 – present), and Vice President (2006 – 2015), Mutual Fund Administration, LLC; Co-President, Foothill Capital Management, LLC, a registered investment advisor (2018 – 2022); Secretary and Assistant Treasurer, Investment Managers Series Trust (December 2007 – March 2016). | N/A | N/A |
| Diane Drake <sup>b</sup> <br> (born 1967) <br> Secretary  | Since March 2016 | Senior Counsel, Mutual Fund Administration, LLC (October 2015 – present); Chief Compliance Officer, Foothill Capital Management, LLC, a registered investment advisor (2018 – 2019). | N/A | N/A |
| Martin Dziura <sup>b</sup> <br> (born 1959) <br> Chief Compliance Officer  | Since June 2014 | Principal, Dziura Compliance Consulting, LLC (October 2014 - present); Managing Director, Cipperman Compliance Services (2010 – September 2014); Chief Compliance Officer, Hanlon Investment Management (2009-2010); and Vice President - Compliance, Morgan Stanley Investment Management (2000 - 2009). | N/A | N/A |

---

a Address for certain Trustees and certain officers: 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212.

b Address for Ms. Ausili, Ms. Dam and Ms. Drake: 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740.

Address for Mr. Dziura: 309 Woodridge Lane, Media, Pennsylvania 19063.

c Trustees and officers serve until their successors have been duly elected.

d The Trust is comprised of 49 series managed by unaffiliated investment advisors. Each Trustee serves as Trustee of each series of the Trust. The term "Fund Complex" applies only to the series managed by the same investment advisor. The Advisor also serves as investment advisor to the AAM/ Bahl & Gaynor Income Growth Fund, AAM/Insight Select Income Fund, and AAM/HIMCO Short Duration Fund which are offered in separate prospectuses. The Fund does not hold itself out as related to any other series within the Trust, for purposes of investment and investor service.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| e | "Other Directorships Held" includes only directorships of companies required to register or file reports with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (that is, "public companies"), or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |

---

\* Ms. Quill is an "interested person" of the Trust by virtue of her position with UMB Fund Services, Inc.

Effective June 16, 2022, Eric M. Banhazl, who served as a Trustee of the Trust from January 2008 to June 14, 2022, is serving as a Trustee Emeritus of the Trust. As a Trustee Emeritus, Mr. Banhazl may attend the meetings of the Board of Trustees or any of its committees, but has no duties, powers or responsibilities with respect to the Trust.

**Compensation**

Effective January 1, 2023, each Independent Trustee receives a quarterly retainer of $40,000; $4,000 for each special in-person meeting attended, or any special meeting attended by videoconference or teleconference in lieu of in-person attendance in accordance with SEC exemptive relief or to address particularly complex matters or matters requiring review of significant materials in advance of the meeting; and $1,500 for any special meeting attended by teleconference or videoconference at which action is taken and/or materials are prepared for review. Each Independent Trustee also receives an additional annual retainer of $5,000 for serving on any committee of the Board of Trustees. In addition, Ms. Rabun receives an additional annual retainer of $35,000 for serving as Chairperson of the Board; Mr. Young receives an additional annual retainer of $15,000 for serving as Chairperson of the Audit Committee; and Mr. Miller receives an additional annual retainer of $15,000 for serving as Chairperson of the Nominating, Governance and Regulatory Review Committee. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.

Prior to January 1, 2023, each Independent Trustee received a quarterly retainer of $35,000; $4,000 for each special in-person meeting attended, or any special meeting attended by videoconference or teleconference in lieu of in-person attendance in accordance with SEC exemptive relief; and $1,500 for any special meeting attended by teleconference or videoconference at which action is taken and/or materials are prepared for review. Ms. Rabun received an additional annual retainer of $25,000 for serving as Chairperson of the Board; Mr. Young received an additional annual retainer of $10,000 for serving as Chairperson of the Audit Committee; and Mr. Miller received an additional annual retainer of $10,000 for serving as Chairperson of the Nominating, Governance and Regulatory Review Committee.

The Trustees may elect to defer payment of their compensation from the Fund pursuant to the Trust's non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for Trustees which permits the Trustees to defer receipt of all or part of their compensation from the Trust. Amounts deferred are deemed invested in shares of one or more series of the Trust, as selected by the Trustee from time to time. A Trustee's deferred compensation account will be paid in cash at such times as elected by the Trustee, subject to certain mandatory payment provisions in the Deferred Compensation Plan. Deferral and payment elections under the Deferred Compensation Plan are subject to strict requirements for modification.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  **Name of Person/Position** | **AAM/Phocas** <br> **Real Estate** <br> **Fund<sup>1, 3</sup>**  | **Pension or** <br> **Retirement** <br> **Benefits** <br> **Accrued as** <br> **Part of Fund's** <br> **Expenses**  | **Estimated** <br> **Annual** <br> **Benefits** <br> **Upon** <br> **Retirement**  | **Total** <br> **Compensation** <br> **from Fund and** <br> **Fund Complex** <br> **Paid to** <br> **Trustees<sup>1,2,3</sup>**  |
| **Independent Trustees:** | **Independent Trustees:** | **Independent Trustees:** | **Independent Trustees:** | **Independent Trustees:** |
|  Charles H. Miller, Trustee, Nominating, Governance and Regulatory Review Committee Chair | $[ ] |  |  | $[ ] |
|  Ashley Toomey Rabun, Trustee and Chairperson | $[ ] |  |  | $[ ] |
|  William H. Young, Trustee, Audit Committee Chair | $[ ] |  |  | $[ ] |
|  James E. Ross, Trustee<sup>4</sup> | $[ ] |  |  | $[ ] |
|  **Interested Trustee:** |  |  |  |  |
|  John P. Zader, Trustee<sup>5</sup> | $[ ] |  |  | $[ ] |

---

1 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 2 | There are currently numerous portfolios comprising the Trust. The term "Fund Complex" applies only to the series managed by the same investment advisor. The Advisor also serves as investment advisor to the AAM/Bahl & Gaynor Income Growth Fund, AAM/Insight Select Income Fund, and AAM/HIMCO Short Duration Fund which are offered in separate prospectuses. The Fund does not hold itself out as related to any other series within the Trust, for purposes of investment and investor service. For the Fund's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the aggregate Independent Trustees' fees for the Trust were $[ ]. |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 3 | Ms. Rabun, Mr. Miller, Mr. Young and Mr. Zader elected to defer payment of their compensation from the Fund under the non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for Trustees under which Trustees may defer receipt of all or part of their compensation from the Funds. As of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the total amount of deferred compensation payable to Ms. Rabun, Mr. Miller, Mr. Young and Mr. Zader was $[ ], $[ ], $[ ] and $[ ], respectively. |

---

4 Mr. Ross was appointed as an Independent Trustee of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, effective December 1, 2022. Compensation for the period of December 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022.

5 Mr. Zader resigned from the Board of Trustees of the Trust, effective December 31, 2022.

Ms. Quill is not compensated for her service as Trustee because of her affiliation with the Trust. Officers of the Trust are not compensated by the Fund for their services.

As a Trustee Emeritus of the Trust, Mr. Banhazl does not receive any compensation from the Trust; however, he is entitled to reimbursement of expenses related to his attendance at any meetings of the Board of Trustees or its committees.

**Additional Information Concerning the Board and the Trustees**

The current Trustees were selected in November 2007 (June 2019 for Ms. Quill and December 2022 for Mr. Ross) with a view towards establishing a Board that would have the broad experience needed to oversee a registered investment company comprised of multiple series employing a variety of different investment strategies. As a group, the Board has extensive experience in many different aspects of the financial services and asset management industries.

The Trustees were selected to join the Board based upon the following factors, among others: character and integrity; willingness to serve and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Trustee; as to each Trustee other than Ms. Quill, satisfying the criteria for not being classified as an "interested person" of the Trust as defined in the 1940 Act; and, as to Ms. Quill, her position with UMB Fund Services, Inc., one of the Trust's co-administrators. In addition, the Trustees have the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills relevant to the operations of the Trust:

● Ms. Rabun has substantial senior executive experience in mutual fund marketing and distribution and serving in senior executive and board positions with mutual funds, including multiple series trusts similar to the Trust.

● Mr. Miller has significant senior executive experience with respect to marketing and distribution of mutual funds, including multiple series trusts similar to the Trust.

● Mr. Young has broad senior executive experience with respect to the operations and management of mutual funds and administrative service providers, including multiple series trusts similar to the Trust.

● Mr. Ross has significant senior executive experience with respect to marketing and distribution of mutual funds, including exchange-traded funds.

● Ms. Quill has substantial experience serving in senior executive positions at mutual fund administrative service providers.

In its periodic self-assessment of the effectiveness of the Board, the Board considers the complementary individual skills and experience of the individual Trustees primarily in the broader context of the Board's overall composition so that the Board, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the Fund. The summaries set forth above as to the qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees are required by the registration form adopted by the SEC, do not constitute holding out the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and do not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board as a whole than would otherwise be the case.

The Board of Trustees has two standing committees: the Audit Committee and the Nominating, Governance and Regulatory Review Committee (the "Nominating Committee").

● The function of the Audit Committee, with respect to each series of the Trust, is to review the scope and results of the series' annual audit and any matters bearing on the audit or the series' financial statements and to assist the Board's oversight of the integrity of the series' pricing and financial reporting. The Audit Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees and is chaired by Mr. Young. It does not include any Interested Trustees. The Audit Committee is expected to meet at least twice a year with respect to each series of the Trust. The Audit Committee met [twice] during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 with respect to the Fund.

The Audit Committee also serves as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee for the Trust for the purpose of compliance with Rules 205.2(k) and 205.3(c) of the Code of Federal Regulations regarding alternative reporting procedures for attorneys retained or employed by an issuer who appear and practice before the SEC on behalf of the issuer.

● The Nominating Committee is responsible for reviewing matters pertaining to composition, committees, and operations of the Board, as well as assisting the Board in overseeing matters related to certain regulatory issues. The Nominating Committee meets from time to time as needed. The Nominating Committee will consider trustee nominees properly recommended by the Trust's shareholders. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send nominations that include, among other things, biographical data and the qualifications of the proposed nominee to the Trust's Secretary. The Independent Trustees comprise the Nominating Committee, and the Committee is chaired by Mr. Miller. The Nominating Committee met [twice] during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Independent Trustees comprise 80% of the Board and Ashley Toomey Rabun, an Independent Trustee, serves as Chairperson of the Board. The Chairperson serves as a key point person for dealings between the Trust's management and the other Independent Trustees. As noted above, through the committees of the Board the Independent Trustees consider and address important matters involving each series of the Trust, including those presenting conflicts or potential conflicts of interest. The Independent Trustees also regularly meet outside the presence of management and are advised by independent legal counsel. The Board has determined that its organization and leadership structure are appropriate in light of its fiduciary and oversight obligations, the special obligations of the Independent Trustees, and the relationship between the Interested Trustees and the Trust's co-administrators. The Board also believes that its structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from management.

Consistent with its responsibility for oversight of the Fund in the interests of shareholders, the Board among other things oversees risk management of the Fund's investment programs and business affairs directly and through the Audit Committee. The Board has emphasized to the Advisor the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management programs and procedures.

The Fund faces a number of risks, such as investment risk, valuation risk, reputational risk, risk of operational failure or lack of business continuity, and legal, compliance and regulatory risk. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the Fund. Under the overall supervision of the Board, the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor and other service providers to the Fund employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various of those possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Various personnel, including the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer (the "CCO"), the Advisor's and Sub-Advisor's management, and other service providers (such as the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm) make periodic reports to the Board or to the Audit Committee with respect to various aspects of risk management. The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund's investment objective, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board's risk management oversight is subject to substantial limitations.

**Fund Shares Beneficially Owned by Trustees.** Certain information regarding ownership by the Trustees of the Fund and other series of the Trust, as of December 31, 2022, is set forth in the following table.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name of Trustee** | **Dollar Range of Equity** <br> **Securities in the Fund** <br> **(None, $1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000,** <br> **$50,001-$100,000, Over $100,000)**  | **Aggregate Dollar Range of** <br> **Equity Securities in all** <br> **Registered Investment** <br> **Companies Overseen by** <br> **Trustee in Family of** <br> **Investment Companies**  |
| Charles H. Miller, Independent Trustee |  |  |
| Ashley Toomey Rabun, Independent Trustee |  |  |
| William H. Young, Independent Trustee |  |  |
| James E. Ross, Independent Trustee |  |  |
| Maureen Quill, Interested Trustee |  |  |

---

**Control Persons, Principal Shareholders, and Management Ownership**

The following table lists the control persons of the Fund as of [ ], 2023. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of the Fund or acknowledges the existence of control.<sup>1</sup> Shareholders with a controlling interest could affect the outcome of voting or the direction of management of the Fund.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Control Persons** | **Percentage of Total Outstanding Shares** <br> **of the Fund as of [ ], 2023**  |
| [ ] | [ ]% |

---

 

<sup>1</sup> The Fund has no information regarding the beneficial owners of Fund shares owned through accounts with financial intermediaries.

The following table lists the principal shareholders of the Fund as of [ ], 2023. The principal shareholders are holders of record of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the indicated classes of the Fund, including the listed shareholders that are financial intermediaries.<sup>1</sup>

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Principal Shareholders** | **Percentage of Total Outstanding Shares** <br> **of the Class as of [ ], 2023**  |
| **Class A** | |
| [ ] | [ ]% |
| **Class I** |  |
| [ ] | [ ]% |

---

<sup>1</sup> The Fund has no information regarding the beneficial owners of Fund shares owned through accounts with financial intermediaries.

As of [ ], 2023, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group did not own more than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Furthermore, neither the Independent Trustees, nor members of their immediate families, own securities beneficially or of record in the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, the Fund's distributor, IMST Distributors, LLC (the "Distributor"), or any of their respective affiliates.

**The Advisor**

Advisors Asset Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation, serves as the investment adviser to the Fund pursuant to an investment advisory agreement with the Fund (the "Advisory Agreement"), effective February 1, 2023. The Advisor's headquarters are located at 18925 Base Camp Road, Suite 203, Monument, Colorado 80132. The Advisor is a registered broker-dealer, a member FINRA and SIPC, and an SEC-registered investment adviser. The Advisor is a wholly-owned subsidiary of AAM Holdings, Inc. Sun Life Financial Inc. holds an indirect majority interest in AAM Holdings, Inc. Sun Life Financial Inc. is a leading international financial services organization providing asset management, wealth, insurance and health solutions to individual and institutional clients. Sun Life Financial Inc. trades on the Toronto (TSX), New York (NYSE) and Philippine (PSE) stock exchanges under the ticker symbol SLF.

Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor provides the Fund with investment advice, makes recommendations with respect to the selection and continued employment of sub-advisors to manage the Fund's assets, performs diligence on and monitors the Sub-Advisor, investment performance and adherence to compliance procedures, and oversees the investments made by the Sub-Advisor. The Advisor also continuously monitors the Sub-Advisor's compliance with the Fund's investment objectives, policies and restrictions. Subject to such policies as the Board of Trustees may determine, the Advisor is ultimately responsible for investment decisions for the Fund.

The Advisory Agreement was approved by shareholders of the Fund at a special meeting held on January 6, 2023 and will remain in effect for an initial two-year period. After the initial two-year period, the Advisory Agreement will continue in effect with respect to the Fund from year to year only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities and by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or interested persons of any such party, at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Advisory Agreement. The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund, upon giving the Advisor 60 days' notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund's shareholders or by a vote of a majority of the Board, or by the Advisor on 60 days' written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its "assignment" (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Advisory Agreement provides that the Advisor shall not be liable for any error of judgment or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the Advisory Agreement, except for a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty, or for a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or from reckless disregard by the Advisor of its duties under the Advisory Agreement.

In consideration of the services to be provided by the Advisor pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is entitled to receive from the Fund an investment advisory fee computed daily and paid monthly based on an annual rate equal to a percentage of the Fund's average daily net assets specified in the Prospectus.

**The Sub-Advisor**

The Advisor has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Phocas Financial Corporation with respect to the Fund (the "Sub-Advisory Agreement"), effective February 1, 2023. Phocas Financial Corporation is located at 1080 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 520, Alameda, California 94501. Mr. William Schaff, a portfolio manager for the Fund, is a control person of the Sub-Advisor due to his 57.95% ownership of the Sub-Advisor.

The Advisor compensates the Sub-Advisor out of the investment advisory fees it receives from the Fund. The Sub-Advisor makes investment decisions for the assets it has been allocated to manage, subject to the overall supervision of the Advisor.

The Sub-Advisory Agreement was approved by shareholders of the Fund at a special meeting held on January 6, 2023 and will remain in effect for an initial two-year period. After the initial two-year period, the Sub-Advisory Agreement for the Fund will continue in effect from year to year only as long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by (i) the Board of Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of the Fund and (ii) the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Sub-Advisory Agreement or interested persons of the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor or the Trust. The Sub-Advisory Agreement provides that the Sub-Advisor is not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund's in the absence of a disqualifying act. The Sub-Advisory Agreement may be terminated at any time without the payment of any penalty by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of the Fund, or by the Sub-Advisor or the Advisor, upon 60 days' written notice to the other party. Additionally, the Sub-Advisory Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its "assignment" (as defined in the 1940 Act) or termination of the Advisory Agreement.

**Fund Expenses**

The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses (all of which will be borne directly or indirectly by the Fund's shareholders), including among others, legal fees and expenses of counsel to the Fund and the Independent Trustees; insurance (including Trustees' and officers' errors and omissions insurance); auditing and accounting expenses; taxes and governmental fees; listing fees; dues and expenses incurred in connection with membership in investment company organizations; fees and expenses of the Fund's custodian, administrators, transfer agents, registrars and other service providers; expenses for portfolio pricing services by a pricing agent, if any; expenses in connection with the issuance and offering of shares; expenses relating to investor and public relations; expenses of registering or qualifying securities of the Fund for public sale; brokerage commissions and other costs of acquiring or disposing of any portfolio holding of the Fund; expenses of preparation and distribution of reports, notices and dividends to shareholders; expenses of the dividend reinvestment plan; compensation and expenses of Trustees; any litigation expenses; and costs of shareholders' and other meetings.

The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or pay for operating expenses of the Fund to ensure that the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding, as applicable, any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined in accordance with Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation expenses) do not exceed the percentage stated below:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Expense Limit as a Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets** | **Expense Limit as a Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets** | **Expense Limit as a Percentage of Average Daily Net Assets** |
| **Class A** | **Class C** | **Class I** |
| 1.15% | 1.90% | 0.90% |

---

The agreement is effective until April 30, 2033, and it may be terminated before that date only by the Trust's Board of Trustees.

Any reduction in advisory fees or payment of the Fund's expenses made by the Advisor in a fiscal year may be reimbursed by the Fund for a period ending three full years after the date of reduction or payment if the Advisor so requests. This reimbursement may be requested from the Fund if the reimbursement will not cause the Fund's annual expense ratio to exceed the lesser of (a) the expense limitation in effect at the time such fees were waived or payments made, or (b) the expense limitation in effect at the time of the reimbursement. However, the reimbursement amount may not exceed the total amount of fees waived and/or Fund expenses paid by the Advisor and will not include any amounts previously reimbursed to the Advisor by the Fund. Any such reimbursement is contingent upon the Board's subsequent review of the reimbursed amounts. The Fund must pay current ordinary operating expenses before the Advisor is entitled to any reimbursement of fees and/or Fund expenses.

The following table shows that dollar amount of fees accrued with respect to the Fund, the amount of fees waived and/or expenses reimbursed by the Advisor, and the actual fees retained by the Advisor's advisor for the last three fiscal years.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Advisory Fees** <br> **Accrued**  | **Advisory Fees Waived** <br> **and/or Expenses** <br> **Reimbursed**  | **Advisory Fees** <br> **Retained**  |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 | $207573 | $(169869) | $37704 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 | $185621 | $(169988) | $15633 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 | $145488 | $(145488) | $0 |

---

The Advisor paid the following sub-advisory fees to Phocas Financial Corporation for the periods indicated:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **Sub-Advisory Fees** |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 | $18872 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 | $10759 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 | $1329 |

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**Portfolio Managers**

**<u>Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers</u>.** As of December 31, 2022, certain information on other accounts managed by the Fund's portfolio managers is set forth below.

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Registered Investment Companies** | **Registered Investment Companies** | **Other Pooled Investment Vehicles** | **Other Pooled Investment Vehicles** | **Other Accounts** | **Other Accounts** |
| **Portfolio Managers** | **Number of Accounts** | **Total Assets** | **Number of Accounts** | **Total Assets** | **Number of Accounts** | **Total Assets** |
| James Murray, CFA | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 | 26 | $11678021 |
| William Schaff, CFA | 0 | $0 | 1 | $37617115 | 39 | $528134642 |

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Number of Accounts with Advisory Fee Based on Performance** | **Number of Accounts with Advisory Fee Based on Performance** | **Number of Accounts with Advisory Fee Based on Performance** | **Number of Accounts with Advisory Fee Based on Performance** | **Number of Accounts with Advisory Fee Based on Performance** | **Number of Accounts with Advisory Fee Based on Performance** |
| | **Registered Investment Companies** | **Registered Investment Companies** | **Other Pooled Investment Vehicles** | **Other Pooled Investment Vehicles** | **Other Accounts** | **Other Accounts** |
| **Portfolio Managers** | **Number of Accounts** | **Total Assets** | **Number of Accounts** | **Total Assets** | **Number of Accounts** | **Total Assets** |
| James Murray, CFA | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| William Schaff, CFA | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |

---

**<u>Material Conflicts of Interest</u>.** Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one fund or other account. Where conflicts of interest arise between the Fund and other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, the Sub-Advisor will proceed in a manner that ensures that the Fund will not be treated less favorably. There may be instances where similar portfolio transactions may be executed for the same security for numerous accounts managed by the portfolio managers. In such instances, securities will be allocated in accordance with the Sub-Advisor's trade allocation policy.

**<u>Compensation</u>.** The portfolio managers of the Fund are compensated with a salary and bonus package. Phocas' bonus pool is determined by Phocas' profits and distributed equitably after payments to Phocas' employees who are not principals of the firm. Phocas' revenue is based in part on the performance and asset size of the Fund. The portfolio managers participate in a company-sponsored retirement plan, and receive standard benefits commensurate with the other employees of the firm. Portfolio managers do not receive deferred compensation.

**<u>Ownership of the Fund by the Portfolio Managers</u>.** The following chart sets forth the dollar range of shares owned by each portfolio manager in the Fund as of December 31, 2022.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Name of Portfolio Manager** | **Dollar Range of Fund Shares Owned** |
| James Murray, CFA | $1 – $10000 |
| William Schaff, CFA | $500001 – $100000 |

---

**Service Providers**

Pursuant to a co-administration agreement (the "Co-Administration Agreement"), UMB Fund Services, Inc. ("UMBFS"), 235 West Galena Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, and Mutual Fund Administration, LLC ("MFAC"), 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740 (collectively the "Co-Administrators"), act as co-administrators for the Fund. The Co-Administrators provide certain administrative services to the Fund, including, among other responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billing of, the Fund's independent contractors and agents; preparing for signature by an officer of the Trust of all documents required to be filed for compliance with applicable laws and regulations including those of the securities laws of various states; arranging for the computation of performance data, including net asset value and yield; arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund; and providing, at their own expense, office facilities, equipment and personnel necessary to carry out their duties. In this capacity, the Co-Administrators do not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund, the determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Fund shares. The Co-Administration Agreement provides that neither Co-Administrator shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust or its series, except for losses resulting from a Co-Administrator's willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the Agreement.

Pursuant to the Co-Administration Agreement, the Fund pays the Co-Administrators a fee for administration services. The fee is payable monthly based on the Fund's average daily net assets.

The following table shows the dollar amount of fees accrued with respect to the Co-Administration for the last three fiscal years.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund** | **Co-Administration Fees\*** |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 | $[ ] |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 | $60283 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 | $57577 |

---

\* Incudes fund administration and accounting fees.

UMBFS also acts as the Trust's fund accountant, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent pursuant to separate agreements.

UMB Bank, n.a. (the "Custodian"), an affiliate of UMBFS, is the custodian of the assets of the Fund pursuant to a custody agreement between the Custodian and the Trust, whereby the Custodian provides services for fees on a transactional basis plus out-of-pocket expenses. The Custodian's address is 928 Grand Boulevard, Kansas City, Missouri 64106. The Custodian does not participate in decisions pertaining to the purchase and sale of securities by the Fund.

[ ], ("[ ]"), [ ], is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund. Its services include auditing the Fund's financial statements and the performance of related tax services.

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP ("Morgan Lewis"), 600 Anton Boulevard, Suite 1800, Costa Mesa, California 92626, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.

Paul Hastings LLP ("Paul Hastings"), 101 California Street, 48<sup>th</sup> Floor San Francisco, California 94111, serves as legal counsel to the Independent Trustees.

**Distributor and the Distribution Agreement**

IMST Distributors, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC (d/b/a ACA Group), is the distributor (also known as the principal underwriter) of the shares of the Fund, and is located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and is a member of FINRA. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust, the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor or any other service provider for the Fund.

Under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust dated September 30, 2021 (the "Distribution Agreement"), the Distributor acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Fund. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Fund on a best efforts basis. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.

The Distributor may enter into agreements with selected broker-dealers, banks or other financial intermediaries for distribution of shares of the Fund. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund "supermarket" platform arrangements, the Fund and/or the Advisor, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services and may receive shareholder service or other fees from parties other than the Distributor. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Fund.

Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary's procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although customers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the financial intermediary. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Fund for its distribution services except the distribution/service fees with respect to the shares of those classes for which a Rule 12b-1 distribution plan is effective. The Advisor pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related services.

The Distribution Agreement will continue in effect only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities in accordance with the 1940 Act. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on no less than 60 days' written notice when authorized either by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or by vote of a majority of the members of the Board who are not "interested persons" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Agreement, or by the Distributor, and will automatically terminate in the event of its "assignment" (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Distribution Agreement provides that the Distributor shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the performance of the Distributor's obligations and duties under the Distribution Agreement, except a loss resulting from the Distributor's willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of such duties and obligations, or by reason of its reckless disregard thereof.

The following table shows the aggregate amount of commissions and amounts received by the Distributor with respect to Class A shares for the periods indicated:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Amount of** <br> **Commissions**  | **Amount** <br> **Received**  |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 | $[ ] | $[ ] |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 | $3200 | $425 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 | $6693 | $833 |

---

The Distributor does not retain sales charges for the sale of the Fund's Class A Shares. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, should any amounts be retained by the Distributor, such amounts would not be held for profit by the Distributor, but instead would be used solely for distribution-related expenditures.

**Rule 12b-1 Plan**

The Trust has adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the "12b-1 Plan") that provides for Fund assets to be used for the payment for distribution services for Class A shares and Class C shares. The 12b-1 Plan provides alternative methods for paying sales charges and may help the Fund grow or maintain asset levels to provide operational efficiencies and economies of scale. The 12b-1 Plan also provides for the payment of service fees in connection with the provision of post-sales shareholder liaison services to holders of Class A and Class C, as defined in FINRA regulations, including personal services such as responding to customer inquiries, and services related to the maintenance of shareholder accounts. Because 12b-1 fees are paid out of the Fund's assets attributable to Class A and Class C shares on an ongoing basis, they will, over time, increase the cost of an investment and may cost more than other types of sales charges.

The 12b-1 Plan provides that the distribution fees paid by Class A or Class C shares of the Fund may be used to pay for any expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of shares of such Class, including, but not limited to: (a) costs of payments, including incentive compensation, made to agents for and consultants to the Distributor or the Trust, including pension administration firms that provide distribution services and broker–dealers that engage in the distribution of the shares of such Class of the Fund; (b) payments made to, and expenses of, persons who provide support services in connection with the distribution of shares of such Class of the Fund; (c) payments made pursuant to any dealer agreements between the Distributor and certain broker-dealers, financial institutions and other service providers with respect to such Class of the Fund; (d) costs relating to the formulation and implementation of marketing and promotional activities; (e) costs of printing and distributing prospectuses, statements of additional information and reports of the Fund to prospective shareholders of such Class of the Fund; (f) costs involved in preparing, printing and distributing sales literature pertaining to such Class of the Fund; (g) costs involved in obtaining such information, analyses and reports with respect to marketing and promotional activities that the Trust may deem advisable with respect to such Class of the Fund; and (h) reimbursement to the Advisor for expenses advanced on behalf of the Fund or Class with respect to such activities. The 12b-1 Plan is a compensation plan, which means that the Distributor is compensated regardless of its expenses, as opposed to a reimbursement plan which reimburses only for expenses incurred. The Distributor does not retain any 12b-1 fees for profit. All 12b-1 fees are held in a retention account by the Distributor to pay for and/or reimburse the Advisor for distribution-related expenditures.

The 12b-1 Plan may not be amended to materially increase the amount to be paid by the Fund's Class A shares and Class C shares for distribution services without the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such shares. The 12b-1 Plan shall continue in effect indefinitely with respect to a class, provided that such continuance is approved at least annually by a vote of a majority of the Trustees, including the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose or by vote of at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such Class. The 12b-1 Plan may be terminated with respect to the Fund's Class A shares or Class C shares at any time without penalty by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund's Class A shares or Class C shares, respectively.

If the 12b-1 Plan is terminated for the Fund's Class A shares and Class C shares in accordance with its terms, the obligation of the Fund to make payments pursuant to the 12b-1 Plan will cease and the Fund will not be required to make any payments past the termination date. Thus, there is no legal obligation for the Fund to pay any expenses incurred by the Distributor other than fees already payable under the 12b-1 Plan, if the 12b-1 Plan is terminated in accordance with its terms for any reason.

The following table shows the 12b-1 fees paid to the Fund's distributor pursuant to the 12b-1 Plan for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **Total Dollars Allocated** |
| Advertising/Marketing | $0 |
| Printing/Postage | $0 |
| Payment to distributor | $[ ] |
| Payment to dealers | $0 |
| Compensation to sales personnel | $0 |
| Interest, carrying, or other financing charges | $0 |
| Other | $0 |
| **Total** | $[ ] |

---

**Shareholder Service Plan**

The Board has adopted, on behalf of the Fund, a Shareholder Service Plan (the "Service Plan") under which the Advisor will provide, or arrange for others (such as banks, trust companies, broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries (each, a "Service Organization") to provide, certain specified non-distribution shareholder servicing functions for Fund shares owned by its respective customers, including but not limited to (a) establishing and maintaining accounts and records relating to customers who invest in the Fund; (b) aggregating and processing orders involving Fund shares; (c) processing dividend and other distribution payments from the Fund on behalf of customers; (d) preparing tax reports or forms on behalf of customers; (e) forwarding communications from the Fund; (f) providing sub-accounting with respect to Fund shares; (g) providing customers with a service that invests the assets of their accounts in Fund shares pursuant to specific or pre-authorized instructions; and (h) providing such other similar services as the Advisor may reasonably request to the extent it or a Service Organization is permitted to do so under applicable statutes, rules or regulations. The Fund pays the Advisor or Service Organizations, as applicable, at an annual rate of up to 0.15% of the Fund's average daily net assets, payable monthly. The amount paid by the Fund to any Service Organization may be expressed in terms of a dollar amount per shareholder account in the Fund held by clients of the Service Organization agent, and/or in terms of percentage of the net assets of such accounts. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Fund paid $[ ] in shareholder servicing fees.

**Dealer Reallowances**

The Fund's shares are subject to a sales charge that includes a dealer reallowance, which varies depending on how much the shareholder invests. The Distributor pays the appropriate dealer reallowance to dealers who have entered into an agreement with the Distributor to sell shares of the Fund. The Advisor, a registered broker-dealer, may receive sales charges from the Fund's Distributor for activities relating to the marketing of the Fund's shares pursuant to an agreement with the Fund's Distributor. More detailed information on the sales charge and its application is contained in the Prospectus.

**Marketing and Support Payments**

The Advisor, out of its own resources and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide cash payments or other compensation to certain financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund. These payments are in addition to other fees described in the Fund's Prospectus and this SAI, and are generally provided for shareholder services or marketing support. Payments for marketing support are typically for inclusion of the Fund on sales lists, including electronic sales platforms. Investors may wish to take these payments into account when considering and evaluating recommendations to purchase shares of the Fund.

**PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE**

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement, the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor determine which securities are to be purchased and sold by the Fund and which broker-dealers are eligible to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. The purchases and sales of securities in the OTC market will generally be executed by using a broker for the transaction.

Purchases of portfolio securities for the Fund also may be made directly from issuers or from underwriters. Where possible, purchase and sale transactions will be effected through dealers (including banks) that specialize in the types of securities which the Fund will be holding unless better executions are available elsewhere. Dealers and underwriters usually act as principals for their own accounts. Purchases from underwriters will include a concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter and purchases from dealers will include the spread between the bid and the asked price. If the execution and price offered by more than one dealer or underwriter are comparable, the order may be allocated to a dealer or underwriter that has provided research or other services as discussed below.

In placing portfolio transactions, the Advisor and Sub-Advisor will use reasonable efforts to choose broker-dealers capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable price and execution available. The full range and quality of services available will be considered in making these determinations, such as the size of the order, the difficulty of execution, the operational facilities of the broker-dealer involved, the risk in positioning the block of securities, and other factors. In those instances where it is reasonably determined that more than one broker-dealer can offer the services needed to obtain the most favorable price and execution available, consideration may be given to those broker-dealers which furnish or supply research and statistical information to the Advisor and Sub-Advisor that they may lawfully and appropriately use in their investment advisory capacities, as well as provide other services in addition to execution services. The Advisor and the Sub-Advisor consider such information, which is in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by it under its Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement with the Fund, to be useful in varying degrees, but of indeterminable value.

While it is the Fund's general policy to seek to obtain the most favorable price and execution available in selecting a broker-dealer to execute portfolio transactions for the Fund, weight is also given to the ability of a broker-dealer to furnish brokerage and research services as defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to the Fund or to the Sub-Advisor, even if the specific services are not directly useful to the Fund and may be useful to the Sub-Advisor in advising other clients. In negotiating commissions with a broker or evaluating the spread to be paid to a dealer, the Fund may therefore pay a higher commission or spread than would be the case if no weight were given to the furnishing of these supplemental services, provided that the amount of such commission or spread has been determined in good faith by the Sub-Advisor to be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided by such broker-dealer. The standard of reasonableness is to be measured in light of the Sub-Advisor's overall responsibilities to the Fund.

Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other client accounts that may be managed or advised by the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor. Nevertheless, it is possible that at times, identical securities will be acceptable for both the Fund and one or more of such client accounts. In such event, the position of the Fund and such client accounts in the same issuer may vary and the holding period may likewise vary. However, to the extent any of these client accounts seek to acquire the same security as the Fund at the same time, the Fund may not be able to acquire as large a position in such security as it desires, or it may have to pay a higher price or obtain a lower yield for such security. Similarly, the Fund may not be able to obtain as high a price for, or as large an execution of, an order to sell any particular security at the same time as the Advisor's or the Sub-Advisor's other client accounts.

The Fund does not effect securities transactions through brokers in accordance with any formula, nor do the Fund effect securities transactions through brokers for selling shares of the Fund. However, broker-dealers who execute brokerage transactions may affect the purchase of the Fund's shares for their customers.

The Fund paid the following brokerage commissions for the periods indicated.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **Aggregate Brokerage Commissions ($) Paid** |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 | $3652 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 | $3648 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 | $5833 |

---

**Holdings of Securities of the Fund's Regular Brokers or Dealers**

From time to time, the Fund may acquire and hold securities issued by its "regular brokers or dealers" or the parents of those brokers or dealers. "Regular brokers or dealers" (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund are the ten brokers or dealers that, during the most recent fiscal year, (i) received the greatest dollar amounts of brokerage commissions from the Fund's portfolio transactions, (ii) engaged as principal in the largest dollar amounts of the portfolio transactions of the Fund, or (iii) sold the largest dollar amounts of the Fund's shares.

[The Fund did not hold any securities of its "regular brokers or dealers" during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022].

**PORTFOLIO TURNOVER**

Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of time they have been held when, in the opinion of the Sub-Advisor, investment considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (2) the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Fund's portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally leads to higher transaction costs and may result in a greater number of taxable transactions. To the extent net short-term capital gains are realized, any distributions resulting from such gains will generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates for federal income tax purposes. The Fund's portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, was [ ]% and 22%, respectively.

**PROXY VOTING POLICY**

The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the "Trust Policies") on behalf of the Trust, which delegates the responsibility for voting the Fund's proxies to the Advisor and/or Sub-Advisor, as applicable, subject to the Board's continuing oversight. The Trust Policies require that the Advisor and Sub-Advisor vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Fund. The Trust Policies also require the Advisor and Sub-Advisor to present to the Board, at least annually, the Advisor's Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the "Advisor Policies"), the Sub-Advisor's Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures ("Sub-Advisor Policies") and a record of each proxy voted by the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor on behalf of the Fund, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Advisor and Sub-Advisor as involving a conflict of interest. See Appendix B for the Trust Policies and Advisor Policies, the Sub-Advisor Policies. The Trust Policies and the Advisor Policies are intended to serve as guidelines and to further the economic value of each security held by the Fund. The Trust's CCO will review the Trust Policies and Advisor Policies annually. Each proxy will be considered individually, taking into account the relevant circumstances at the time of each vote.

If a proxy proposal raises a material conflict between the Advisor's interests, the Sub-Advisor's interests and the Fund's interests, the Advisor and Sub-Advisor will resolve the conflict by following the Advisor's or Sub-Advisor's policy guidelines or the recommendation of an independent third party.

The Fund is required to annually file Form N-PX, which lists the Fund's complete proxy voting record for the 12-month period ended June 30 of each year. Once filed, the Fund's proxy voting record will be available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free 1-888-966-9661 and on the SEC's web site at <u>www.sec.gov</u>.

**ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM**

The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the "Program") as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 ("USA PATRIOT Act"). In order to ensure compliance with this law, the Program provides for the development and implementation of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program.

Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Distributor and the Fund's transfer agent have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity, checking shareholder names against designated government lists, including Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC"), and a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.

**PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION**

The Trust has adopted policies and procedures regarding disclosure of portfolio holdings information (the "Disclosure Policy"). The Board of Trustees determined that the adoption of the Disclosure Policy, including the disclosure permitted therein, was in the best interests of the Trust. The Disclosure Policy applies to the Fund, the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, and other internal parties involved in the administration, operation or custody of the Fund, including, but not limited to UMBFS, MFAC, the Board of Trustees, counsel to the Trust, Morgan Lewis, counsel to the Independent Trustees, Paul Hastings, and the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, [ ] (collectively, the "Service Providers"). Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, non-public information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings may be disclosed to its Service Providers only if such disclosure is consistent with the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and the fiduciary duties owed by the Fund and the Advisor to the Fund's shareholders. The Fund and the Service Providers may not receive compensation or any other consideration (which includes any agreement to maintain assets in the Fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the Advisor, Sub-Advisor or any affiliated person of the Advisor or Sub-Advisor) in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information of the Fund. The Fund's Disclosure Policy is implemented and overseen by the CCO of the Trust, subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees. Periodic reports regarding these procedures will be provided to the Trust's Board.

Portfolio holdings information will be deemed public when it has been (1) posted to the Fund's public website (<u>www.aamlive.com/publicsite/mutual-funds</u>) or (2) disclosed in periodic regulatory filings on the SEC's website (www.sec.gov). Management of the Fund may make publicly available the Fund's top ten portfolio holdings as of the most recent calendar quarter end on the Fund's public website no earlier than five days after the date of such information (e.g., information as of January 31 may be made available no earlier than February 5).

***Non-Public Portfolio Holdings Information Policy***. All portfolio holdings information that has not been disseminated in a manner making it available to investors generally as described above is considered non-public portfolio holdings information for the purposes of the Disclosure Policy. Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, the Fund or its Service Providers may disclose non-public portfolio holdings information to certain third parties who fall within pre-authorized categories on a daily basis, with no lag time unless otherwise specified below. These third parties include: (i) the Fund's Service Providers and others who need access to such information in the performance of their contractual or other duties and responsibilities to the Fund (e.g., custodians, accountants, the Advisor, Sub-Advisor, administrators, attorneys, officers and Trustees) and who are subject to duties of confidentiality imposed by law or contract, (ii) brokers who execute trades for the Fund, (iii) evaluation service providers (as described below) and (iv) shareholders receiving in-kind redemptions (as described below).

***Evaluation Service Providers***. These third parties include mutual fund evaluation services, such as Morningstar, Inc. and Lipper, Inc., if the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for disclosing the information, provided that the third party expressly agrees to maintain the non-public portfolio holdings information in confidence and not to trade portfolio securities based on the non-public portfolio holdings information. Subject to the terms and conditions of any agreement between the Fund or its authorized Service Providers and the third party, if these conditions for disclosure are satisfied, there shall be no restriction on the frequency with which the Fund's non-public portfolio holdings information is released, and no lag period shall apply. In addition, persons who owe a duty of trust or confidence to the Fund or their Service Providers (such as legal counsel) may receive non-public portfolio holdings information without entering into a non-disclosure agreement.

***Shareholder In-Kind Distributions***. The Fund may, in certain circumstances, pay redemption proceeds to a shareholder by an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities (instead of cash). In such circumstances, pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, Fund shareholders may receive a complete listing of the portfolio holdings of the Fund up to seven (7) calendar days prior to making the redemption request provided that they represent orally or in writing that they agree to maintain the confidentiality of the portfolio holdings information and not to trade portfolio securities based on the non-public holdings information.

***Other Entities***. Pursuant to the Disclosure Policy, the Fund or the Advisor may disclose non-public portfolio holdings information to a third party who does not fall within the pre-approved categories, and who are not executing broker-dealers; however, prior to the receipt of any non-public portfolio holdings information by such third party, the recipient must have entered into a non-disclosure agreement and the disclosure arrangement must have been approved by the CCO of the Trust. The CCO will report to the Board of Trustees on a quarterly basis regarding any recipients of non-public portfolio holdings information approved pursuant to this paragraph. There are no other ongoing arrangements as of the date of this SAI.

The Advisor, Sub-Advisor, and their affiliates may provide investment advice to clients other than the Fund that have investment objectives that may be substantially similar to those of the Fund. These clients also may have portfolios consisting of holdings substantially similar to those of the Fund and generally have access to current portfolio holdings information for their accounts. These clients do not owe the Advisor, Sub-Advisor, or the Fund a duty of confidentiality with respect to disclosure of their portfolio holdings.

***Current Arrangements Regarding Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings.*** As of the date of this SAI, the Trust or the Fund has ongoing business arrangements with the following entities which involve making portfolio holdings information available to such entities as an incidental part of the services they provide to the Trust: (i) the Advisor, the Sub-Advisor, the Co-Administrators and the Custodian pursuant to investment management, administration and custody agreements, respectively, under which the Trust's portfolio holdings information is provided daily on a real-time basis (i.e., with no time lag); (ii) [ ] (independent registered public accounting firm), Morgan Lewis and Paul Hastings (attorneys) to which the Trust provides portfolio holdings information on a regular basis with varying lag times after the date of the information; (iii) Practical Computer Application, to which MFAC provides the Trust's portfolio holdings information on a daily basis for programming and database hosting services in connection with MFAC's administrative services to the Trust; (iv) Donnelley Financial Solutions, to which the Trust provides portfolio holdings information on a monthly basis in connection with filings of Form N-PORT; (v) FilePoint, to which MFAC provides the Fund's portfolio holdings on a monthly basis in connection with filings of Form N-PORT; (vi) ICE Data Services, which assists the Fund with classifying its holdings pursuant to its liquidity risk management program, and to which the Trust provides portfolio holdings information on a monthly basis with a one- to ten-day time lag; and (vii) Morningstar, Inc., Lipper Inc., Refinitiv, Thomson Financial, FactSet Research Systems Inc., Vickers Stock Research Corporation, and Bloomberg L.P., to which the Fund's portfolio holdings information is provided quarterly after the end of the previous fiscal quarter, with a 60-day time lag and no earlier than the date such information is filed on the SEC's EDGAR system on Form N-PORT (for the first and third fiscal quarters) or the Annual or Semi-Annual Report is mailed to shareholders (for the second and fourth fiscal quarters), as applicable.

Portfolio holdings are disclosed on a daily basis to BlackRock Solutions, TerraNua/MyComplianceOffice, Glass Lewis & Co., Markit Group (Quantitative Services Group LLC), Advent, and Institutional Shareholder Services. Portfolio holdings are disclosed to J.P. Morgan Securities on a monthly basis, with a lag time of five calendar days. Portfolio holdings are disclosed to Barclays Capital Inc. (POINT software), CADIS Software Limited, Citigroup (Yield Book software) and TATA Consulting periodically, as needed, with no delay. Cognizant Technology Solutions and SS&C Technologies are information technology consultants that may access daily holdings information as needed.

**DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE**

The net asset values per share (the "NAVs") of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and are determined as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, the normal close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE"), on each day the NYSE is open for trading. If, for example, the NYSE closes at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time, the Fund's NAVs would still be determined as of 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. In this example, portfolio securities traded on the NYSE would be valued at their closing prices unless the Trust's Valuation Committee determines that a "fair value" adjustment is appropriate due to subsequent events. The NAVs may be calculated earlier if permitted by the SEC. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent announcement indicates that the NYSE will not be open for the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However, the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.

The NAV of each class of the Fund is computed by dividing (a) the difference between the value of the Fund's securities, cash and other assets and the amount of the Fund's expenses and liabilities attributable to the class by (b) the number of shares outstanding in that class (assets – liabilities / # of shares = NAV). Each NAV takes into account all of the expenses and fees of that class of the Fund, including management fees and administration fees, which are accrued daily.

<u>Net Assets</u> = NAV <br> Shares Outstanding

Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the Advisor pursuant to procedures approved by or under the direction of the Board. Pursuant to those procedures, the Board has designated the Advisor as the Fund's valuation designee (the "Valuation Designee") responsible for determining whether market quotations are readily available and reliable, and making good faith determinations of fair value when appropriate. The Valuation Designee carries out its responsibilities with respect to fair value determinations through its Valuation Committee. As the Valuation Designee, the Advisor is responsible for the establishment and application, in a consistent manner, of appropriate methodologies for determining the fair value of investments, periodically reviewing the selected methodologies used for continuing appropriateness and accuracy, and making any changes or adjustments to the methodologies as appropriate. The Valuation Designee is also responsible for the identification, periodic assessment, and management of material risks, including material conflicts of interest, associated with fair value determinations, taking into account the Fund's investments, significant changes in the Fund's investment strategies or policies, market events, and other relevant factors. The Valuation Designee is subject to the general oversight of the Board.

The Fund's securities which are traded on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between the last available bid and ask prices.

Pricing services generally value debt securities assuming orderly transactions of an institutional round lot size, but such securities may be held or transactions may be conducted in such securities in smaller, odd lot sizes. Odd lots often trade at lower prices than institutional round lots.

Securities that are traded on more than one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the primary market. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation ("NASDAQ"), National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price ("NOCP"). If the NOCP is not available, such securities shall be valued at the last sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has not been any sale on such day, at the mean between the bid and ask prices. OTC securities which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System are valued at the most recent trade price.

Stocks that are "thinly traded" or events occurring when a foreign market is closed but the NYSE is open (for example, the value of a security held by the Fund has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the exchange or market on which the security is principally traded) may create a situation where a market quote would not be readily available. When a market quote is not readily available, the security's value is based on "fair value" as determined by the Advisor's procedures, which have been approved by the Board. The Advisor will periodically test the appropriateness and accuracy of the fair value methodologies that have been selected for the Fund. The Fund may hold portfolio securities, such as those traded on foreign securities exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund's shares are not priced. Therefore, the value of the Fund's shares may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem shares.

Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60 days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60<sup>th</sup> day, based on the value determined on the 61<sup>st</sup> day.

All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Advisor, in good faith, deems appropriate to reflect as their fair value.

**PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF FUND SHARES**

Detailed information on the purchase and redemption of shares is included in the Fund's Prospectus. Shares of the Fund are sold at the next offering price calculated after receipt of an order for purchase. In order to purchase shares of the Fund, you must invest the initial minimum investment for the relevant class of shares. However, the Fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to waive the minimum initial investment amount for certain investors, or to waive or reduce the minimum initial investment for 401(k) plans or other tax-deferred retirement plans. You may purchase shares on any day that the NYSE is open for business by placing orders with the Fund.

The Fund reserves the right to refuse any purchase requests, particularly those that would not be in the best interests of the Fund or its shareholders and could adversely affect the Fund or its operations. This includes those from any individual or group who, in the Fund's view, is likely to engage in or has a history of excessive trading (usually defined as more than four round-trip transactions out of the Fund within a calendar year). Furthermore, the Fund may suspend the right to redeem its shares or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more than seven calendar days (i) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings) or trading on the NYSE is restricted; (ii) for any period during which an emergency exists affecting the sale of the Fund's securities or making such sale or the fair determination of the value of the Fund's net assets not reasonably practicable; or (iii) for such other periods as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund's shareholders. In addition, if shares are purchased using a check and a redemption is requested before the check has cleared, the Fund may postpone payment of the redemption proceeds up to 15 days while the Fund waits for the check to clear.

**Redemptions In Kind**

The Trust has filed an election under SEC Rule 18f-1 committing to pay in cash all redemptions by a shareholder of record up to amounts specified by the rule (the lesser of (i) $250,000 or (ii) 1% of the Fund's assets). The Fund has reserved the right to pay the redemption price of its shares in excess of the amounts specified by the rule, either totally or partially, by an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities (instead of cash). The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amounts as those assigned to them in calculating the NAV for the Fund shares being redeemed. If a shareholder receives an in-kind distribution, the shareholder could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash.

The Fund does not intend to hold any significant percentage of its portfolio in illiquid securities, although the Fund, like virtually all mutual funds, may from time to time hold a small percentage of securities that are illiquid. In the unlikely event the Fund were to elect to make an in-kind redemption, the Fund expects that it would follow the normal protocol of making such distribution by way of a pro rata distribution based on its entire portfolio. If the Fund held illiquid securities, such distribution may contain a pro rata portion of such illiquid securities or the Fund may determine, based on a materiality assessment, not to include illiquid securities in the in-kind redemption. The Fund does not anticipate that it would ever selectively distribute a greater than pro rata portion of any illiquid securities to satisfy a redemption request. If such securities are included in the distribution, shareholders may not be able to liquidate such securities and may be required to hold such securities indefinitely. Shareholders' ability to liquidate such securities distributed in-kind may be restricted by resale limitations or substantial restrictions on transfer imposed by the issuers of the securities or by law. Shareholders may only be able to liquidate such securities distributed in-kind at a substantial discount from their value, and there may be higher brokerage costs associated with any subsequent disposition of these securities by the recipient.

**FEDERAL INCOME TAX MATTERS**

The following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal (and, where noted, state and local) income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders. The discussion is very general. Current and prospective shareholders are therefore urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the specific federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of investing in the Fund. The summary is based on the laws in effect on the date of this SAI and existing judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.

The Fund is treated as a separate entity from other series of the Trust for federal income tax purposes. The Fund has elected (or intends to elect) to be, and intends to qualify each year for treatment as, a "regulated investment company" under Subchapter M of the Code by complying with all applicable requirements of the Code, including, among other things, requirements as to the sources of the Fund's income, diversification of the Fund's assets and timing of Fund distributions. To so qualify, the Fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income in each taxable year from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in "qualified publicly traded partnerships" (i.e., partnerships that are traded on an established securities market or tradable on a secondary market, other than partnerships that derive 90% of their income from interest, dividends, capital gains, and other traditionally permitted mutual fund income); (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund's taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Fund's assets is represented by cash, securities of other regulated investment companies, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the Fund's assets and not greater than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, in the securities (other than the securities of other regulated investment companies) of any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses, or in the securities of one or more "qualified publicly traded partnerships;" and (c) distribute an amount equal to the sum of at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction) and 90% of its net tax-exempt income, if any, for the tax year (including, for purposes of satisfying this distribution requirement, certain distributions made by the Fund after the close of its taxable year that are treated as made during such taxable year).

As a regulated investment company, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its taxable investment income and capital gains that it distributes to its shareholders provided that it satisfies a minimum distribution requirement. In order to also avoid liability for a non-deductible federal excise tax, the Fund must distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income for such year, (ii) 98.2% of the excess of its realized capital gains over its realized capital losses for the 12-month period generally ending on October 31 during such year and (iii) any amounts from the prior calendar year that were not distributed and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax. The Fund will be subject to income tax at the applicable corporate tax rate on any taxable income or gains that it does not distribute to its shareholders. The Fund's policy is to distribute to its shareholders all investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and any net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to any federal income or excise taxes.

If, for any taxable year, the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company or were to fail to meet certain minimum distribution requirements under the Code, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to its shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income. In addition, in the event of a failure to qualify, the Fund's distributions, to the extent derived from the Fund's current or accumulated earnings and profits, including any distributions of net capital gain would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary dividend income for federal income tax purposes. However, such dividends would be eligible, subject to any generally applicable limitations, (i) to be treated as qualified dividend income in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals and (ii) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders. Moreover, if the Fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company in any year, it would be required to pay out its earnings and profits accumulated in that year in order to qualify again as a regulated investment company. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may be able to cure a failure to qualify as a regulated investment company, but in order to do so the Fund might incur significant Fund-level taxes and might be forced to dispose of certain assets. If the Fund failed to qualify as a regulated investment company for a period greater than two taxable years, the Fund would generally be required to recognize any net built-in gains with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a regulated investment company in a subsequent year.

Shareholders generally will be subject to federal income taxes on distributions made by the Fund whether paid in cash or additional shares. Distributions of net investment income (including interest, dividend income and net short-term capital gain in excess of any net long-term capital loss, less certain expenses), other than qualified dividend income, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of qualified dividend income generally will be taxed to non-corporate shareholders at the federal income tax rates applicable to net capital gain, provided the Fund reports the amount distributed as qualified dividend income.

In general, dividends may be reported by the Fund as qualified dividend income if they are attributable to qualified dividend income received by the Fund. Qualified dividend income generally means dividend income received from the Fund's investments in common and preferred stock of U.S. companies and stock of certain qualified foreign corporations, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and its shareholders. If 95% or more of the Fund's gross income (calculated without taking into account net capital gain derived from sales or other dispositions of stock or securities) consists of qualified dividend income, the Fund may report all distributions of such income as qualified dividend income.

A foreign corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation for this purpose if it is incorporated in a possession of the United States or it is eligible for the benefits of certain income tax treaties with the United States and meets certain additional requirements. Certain foreign corporations that are not otherwise qualified foreign corporations will be treated as qualified foreign corporations with respect to dividends paid by them if the stock with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Passive foreign investment companies are not qualified foreign corporations for this purpose. Dividends received by the Fund from REITs generally do not qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income.

Dividends paid by the Fund may qualify in part for the dividends-received deduction available to corporate shareholders, provided the Fund reports the amount distributed as a qualifying dividend and certain holding period and other requirements under the Code are satisfied. The reported amount, however, cannot exceed the aggregate amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund for its taxable year. Eligibility for qualified dividend income treatment and the dividends-received deduction may be reduced or eliminated if, among other things, (i) the shareholder is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property or (ii) certain holding period requirements are not satisfied at both the Fund and shareholder levels. In addition, qualified dividend income treatment is not available if a shareholder elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest.

If the Fund receives a dividend (other than a capital gain dividend) in respect of any share of REIT stock with a tax holding period of at least 46 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date that is 45 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend, then Fund dividends attributable to that REIT dividend income (as reduced by certain Fund expenses) may be reported by the Fund as eligible for the 20% deduction for "qualified REIT dividends" generally available to noncorporate shareholders under the Code. In order to qualify for this deduction, noncorporate shareholders must meet minimum holding period requirements with respect to their Fund shares.

Under Section 163(j) of the Code, a taxpayer's business interest expense is generally deductible to the extent of the taxpayer's business interest income plus certain other amounts. If the Fund earns business interest income, it may report a portion of its dividends as "Section 163(j) interest dividends," which its shareholders may be able to treat as business interest income for purposes of Section 163(j) of the Code. The Fund's "Section 163(j) interest dividend" for a tax year will be limited to the excess of its business interest income over the sum of its business interest expense and other deductions properly allocable to its business interest income. In general, the Fund's shareholders may treat a distribution reported as a Section 163(j) interest dividend as interest income only to the extent the distribution exceeds the sum of the portions of the distribution reported as other types of tax-favored income. To be eligible to treat a Section 163(j) interest dividend as interest income, a shareholder may need to meet certain holding period requirements in respect of the Fund shares and must not have hedged its position in the Fund shares in certain ways.

Distributions of net capital gain, if any, that the Fund reports as capital gain dividends will be taxable to non-corporate shareholders as long-term capital gain without regard to how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. The Fund may retain certain amounts of capital gains and designate them as undistributed net capital gain in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amounts so designated, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on those undistributed amounts against their federal income tax liabilities and to claim refunds to the extent such credits exceed their liabilities and (iii) will be entitled to increase their federal income tax basis in their shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amounts of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund is permitted to carry forward indefinitely a net capital loss from any taxable year to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the Fund and may not be distributed as capital gains to shareholders. Generally, the Fund may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may elect to treat certain losses as though they were incurred on the first day of the taxable year immediately following the taxable year in which they were actually incurred.

Distributions in excess of earnings and profits will, as to each shareholder, be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the shareholder's basis in his or her Fund shares. A distribution treated as a return of capital will reduce the shareholder's basis in his or her shares, which will result in an increase in the amount of gain (or a decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the shareholder for tax purposes on a later sale of such shares. After the shareholder's basis is reduced to zero, any distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as a capital gain, assuming the shareholder holds his or her shares as capital assets.

A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a "surviving spouse" for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts. For these purposes, interest, dividends and certain capital gains (among other categories of income) are generally taken into account in computing a shareholder's net investment income.

Certain tax-exempt educational institutions are subject to a 1.4% tax on net investment income. For these purposes, certain dividends and capital gain distributions, and certain gains from the disposition of Fund shares (among other categories of income), are generally taken into account in computing a shareholder's net investment income.

Distributions are generally taxable when received. However, distributions declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in such a month and paid the following January are taxable for federal income tax purposes as if received on December 31 of the calendar year in which declared. In addition, certain distributions made after the close of a taxable year of the Fund may be "spilled back" and treated for certain purposes as paid by the Fund during such taxable year. In such case, shareholders generally will be treated as having received such dividends in the taxable year in which the distributions were actually made. For purposes of calculating the amount of a regulated investment company's undistributed income and gain subject to the 4% excise tax described above, such "spilled back" dividends are treated as paid by the regulated investment company when they are actually paid.

A redemption of Fund shares may result in recognition of a taxable gain or loss. The gain or loss will generally be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for more than one year, and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares are held for one year or less. Any loss realized upon redemption or exchange of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gains during such six-month period. Any loss realized upon a redemption may be disallowed under certain wash sale rules to the extent shares of the Fund or substantially identical stock or securities are purchased (through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the redemption.

If a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Fund's shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not exempted. The fact that a loss is so reportable does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper.

The Fund's transactions in options and other similar transactions, such as futures, may be subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other things, affect the character of any income realized by the Fund from such investments, accelerate recognition of income to the Fund, defer Fund losses, affect the holding period of the Fund's securities, affect whether distributions will be eligible for the dividends received deduction or be treated as qualified dividend income and affect the determination of whether capital gain and loss is characterized as long-term or short-term capital gain or loss. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions may also require the Fund to "mark-to-market" certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out), which may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding U.S. federal income and excise taxes. The Fund will monitor these transactions and will make the appropriate entries in its books and records, and if the Fund deems it advisable, will make appropriate elections if available in order to mitigate the effect of these rules, prevent disqualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company and minimize the imposition of U.S. federal income and excise taxes.

The Fund's transactions in broad based equity index futures contracts, exchange-traded options on such indices and certain other futures contracts are generally considered "Section 1256 contracts" for federal income tax purposes. Any unrealized gains or losses on such Section 1256 contracts are treated as though they were realized at the end of each taxable year. The resulting gain or loss is treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Gain or loss recognized on actual sales of Section 1256 contracts is treated in the same manner. As noted above, distributions of net short-term capital gain are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income while distributions of net long-term capital gain are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long the shareholder has held shares of the Fund.

The Fund's entry into a short sale transaction, an option or certain other contracts, such as futures, could be treated as the constructive sale of an appreciated financial position, causing the Fund to realize gain, but not loss, on the position.

If the Fund invests in certain pay-in-kind securities, zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities or, in general, any other securities with original issue discount (or with market discount if the Fund elects to include market discount in income currently), the Fund must accrue income on such investments for each taxable year, which generally will be prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payments. However, the Fund must distribute, at least annually, all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), including such accrued income to shareholders to avoid federal income and excise taxes. Therefore, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities (potentially under disadvantageous circumstances) to generate cash, or may have to undertake leverage by borrowing cash, to satisfy these distribution requirements. Dispositions of portfolio securities may result in additional gains and additional distribution requirements.

If the Fund invests in a market discount bond, it will be required to treat any gain recognized on the disposition of such market discount bond as ordinary income (instead of capital gain) to the extent of the accrued market discount, unless the Fund elects to include the market discount in income as it accrues as discussed above. A market discount bond is a security acquired in the secondary market at a price below its redemption value (or its adjusted issue price if it is also an original issue discount bond).

The Fund may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries, including taxes on interest, dividends and capital gains with respect to its investments in those countries, which would, if imposed, reduce the yield on or return from those investments. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases. So long as the Fund qualifies for treatment as a regulated investment company and incurs "qualified foreign taxes," if more than 50% of its net assets at the close of its taxable year consist of stock or securities of foreign corporations, which for this purpose may include obligations of foreign governmental issuers, the Fund may elect to "pass through" to its shareholders the amount of such foreign taxes paid. If this election is made, information with respect to the amount of the foreign income taxes that are allocated to the Fund's shareholders will be provided to them and any shareholder subject to tax on dividends will be required (i) to include in ordinary gross income (in addition to the amount of the taxable dividends actually received) his/her proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid that are attributable to such dividends; and (ii) either to deduct his/her proportionate share of such foreign taxes in computing his/her taxable income or to claim that amount as a foreign tax credit (subject to applicable limitations) against U.S. income taxes.

Shareholders who do not itemize deductions for U.S. federal income tax purposes will not be able to deduct their pro rata portion of qualified foreign taxes paid by the Fund, although such shareholders will be required to include their shares of such taxes in gross income if the Fund makes the election described above. Qualified foreign taxes generally include taxes that would be treated as income taxes under U.S. tax regulations but do not include most other taxes, such as stamp taxes, securities transaction taxes, and similar taxes. No deduction for such taxes will be permitted to individuals in computing their alternative minimum tax liability.

If the Fund makes the election to pass through qualified foreign taxes and a shareholder chooses to take a credit for the foreign taxes deemed paid by such shareholder, the amount of the credit that may be claimed in any year may not exceed the same proportion of the U.S. tax against which such credit is taken that the shareholder's taxable income from foreign sources (but not in excess of the shareholder's entire taxable income) bears to his entire taxable income. For this purpose, long-term and short-term capital gains the Fund realizes and distributes to shareholders will generally not be treated as income from foreign sources in their hands, nor will distributions of certain foreign currency gains subject to Section 988 of the Code or of any other income realized by the Fund that is deemed, under the Code, to be U.S.-source income in the hands of the Fund. This foreign tax credit limitation may also be applied separately to certain specific categories of foreign-source income and the related foreign taxes. As a result of these rules, which may have different effects depending upon each shareholder's particular tax situation, certain shareholders may not be able to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund. Shareholders who are not liable for U.S. federal income taxes, including tax-exempt shareholders, will ordinarily not benefit from this election. If the Fund does make the election, it will provide required tax information to shareholders. The Fund generally may deduct any foreign taxes that are not passed through to its shareholders in computing its income available for distribution to shareholders to satisfy applicable tax distribution requirements. Under certain circumstances, if the Fund receives a refund of foreign taxes paid in respect of a prior year, the value of the Fund's shares could be affected, or any foreign tax credits or deductions passed through to shareholders in respect of the Fund's foreign taxes for the current year could be reduced.

Foreign exchange gains or losses realized by the Fund in connection with certain transactions involving foreign currency-denominated debt securities, certain options and futures contracts relating to foreign currency, foreign currency forward contracts, foreign currencies, or payables or receivables denominated in a foreign currency are subject to Section 988 of the Code, which generally causes such gains or losses to be treated as ordinary gain or loss and may affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.

The Fund may purchase the securities of certain foreign companies treated as passive foreign investment companies for federal income tax purposes ("PFICs"). PFICs may be the only or primary means by which the Fund may invest in some countries. If the Fund invests in equity securities of PFICs, it may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any "excess distribution" or gain from the disposition of such securities even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend to shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund with respect to deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains. Capital gains on the sale of such holdings will be deemed to be ordinary income regardless of how long such PFICs are held. A "qualified electing fund" election or a "mark to market" election may generally be available that would ameliorate these adverse tax consequences, but such elections could require the Fund to recognize taxable income or gain (subject to the distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies, as described above) without the concurrent receipt of cash. In order to satisfy the distribution requirements and avoid a tax on the Fund, the Fund may be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss to the Fund. In order for the Fund to make a qualified electing fund election with respect to a PFIC, the PFIC would have to agree to provide certain tax information to the Fund on an annual basis, which it might not agree to do. The Fund may limit and/or manage its holdings in PFICs to limit its tax liability or maximize its return from these investments.

If a sufficient percentage of the equity interests in a foreign issuer that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes are held by the Fund, independently or together with certain other U.S. persons, that issuer may be treated as a "controlled foreign corporation" (a "CFC") with respect to the Fund, in which case the Fund will be required to take into account each year, as ordinary income, its share of certain portions of that issuer's income, whether or not such amounts are distributed. The Fund may have to dispose of its portfolio securities (potentially resulting in the recognition of taxable gain or loss, and potentially under disadvantageous circumstances) to generate cash, or may have to borrow the cash, to meet its distribution requirements and avoid Fund-level taxes. In addition, some Fund gains on the disposition of interests in such an issuer may be treated as ordinary income. The Fund may limit and/or manage its holdings in issuers that could be treated as CFCs in order to limit its tax liability or maximize its after-tax return from these investments.

In addition, if the Fund owned 10% or more of the voting power of a foreign entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes for the last tax year of the foreign entity beginning before January 1, 2018, the Fund may have been required to include in its income its share of certain deferred foreign income of that foreign entity. Under those circumstances, the Fund may have been able to make an election to pay tax liability in respect of its share of any such income over eight years. It is possible that these deferred payments could affect the value of shares, even though all or some of the Fund's shareholders at the time of any deferred payment may have derived no economic benefit from the foreign entity's deferred income.

Non-U.S. persons are subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a "United States real property interest" (a "USRPI"). Gain on such a disposition is sometimes referred to as "FIRPTA gain." The Code provides a look-through rule for distributions of "FIRPTA gain" if certain requirements are met. If the look-through rule applies, certain distributions attributable to income received by the Fund, e.g., from REITs, may be treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing distributions to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at rates of up to 21%, and require non-U.S. shareholders to file nonresident U.S. income tax returns.

The Fund is required to withhold (as "backup withholding") a portion of reportable payments, including dividends, capital gain distributions and the proceeds of redemptions and exchanges or repurchases of Fund shares, paid to shareholders who have not complied with certain IRS regulations. The backup withholding rate is currently 24%. In order to avoid this withholding requirement, shareholders, other than certain exempt entities, must certify on IRS Forms W-9 or on certain other documents, that the Social Security Numbers or other Taxpayer Identification Numbers they provide are their correct numbers and that they are not currently subject to backup withholding, or that they are exempt from backup withholding. The Fund may nevertheless be required to backup withhold if it receives notice from the IRS or a broker that a number provided is incorrect or that backup withholding is applicable as a result of previous underreporting of interest or dividend income.

Ordinary dividends and certain other payments made by the Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate (or a lower rate as may be determined in accordance with any applicable treaty). In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or similar form certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides an IRS Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder's conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional "branch profits tax" imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate).

The 30% withholding tax described in the preceding paragraph generally will not apply to distributions of net capital gain, to redemption proceeds, or to dividends that the Fund reports as (a) interest-related dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from the Fund's "qualified net interest income," or (b) short-term capital gain dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from the Fund's "qualified short-term gain." "Qualified net interest income" is the Fund's net income derived from U.S.-source interest and original issue discount, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. "Qualified short-term gain" generally means the excess of the net short-term capital gain of the Fund for the taxable year over its net long-term capital loss, if any. In order to qualify for an exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will need to comply with applicable certification requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN or other applicable form). Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that are subject to this 30% withholding tax.

Unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold Fund shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to the Fund's dividends payable to such entities. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the United States and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

This discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus have been prepared by management of the Fund, and counsel to the Trust has expressed no opinion in respect thereof.

Shareholders and prospective shareholders of the Fund should consult their own tax advisors concerning the effect of owning shares of the Fund in light of their particular tax situations.

**DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS**

The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.

The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an investment in its shares.

The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund may realize from transactions involving investments held for less than the period required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any available carryover of capital losses), although a distribution from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of the income dividends paid by the Fund and will generally be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. If during any year the Fund realizes a net gain on transactions involving investments held for more than the period required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses available to be carried over) generally will be distributed and treated as long-term capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time the Fund's shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.

Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's NAVs on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly after a purchase of shares by a shareholder will generally be taxable, even if it effectively represents a partial return of the shareholder's capital.

Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated. Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the transfer agent in writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the transfer agent has received the written request.

The Fund's investments in partnerships, if any, including in qualified publicly traded partnerships, may result in that Fund being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.

**GENERAL INFORMATION**

Investment Managers Series Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as a Delaware statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on February 15, 2005. The Trust has a number of outstanding series of shares of beneficial interest, each of which represents interests in a separate portfolio of securities.

The Trust's Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to create additional series of shares, to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of each series, including the Fund, and to divide or combine the shares of any series into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the series. The assets belonging to a series are charged with the liabilities in respect of that series and all expenses, costs, charges and reserves attributable to that series only. Therefore, any creditor of any series may look only to the assets belonging to that series to satisfy the creditor's debt. Any general liabilities, expenses, costs, charges or reserves of the Trust which are not readily identifiable as pertaining to any particular series are allocated and charged by the Trustees to and among the existing series in the sole discretion of the Trustees. Each share of the Fund represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Fund's liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders.

The Trust may offer more than one class of shares of any series. With respect to the Fund, the Trust offers three classes of shares: Class A, Class C and Class I. Currently, Class C shares are not available for purchase. The Trust has reserved the right to create and issue additional series or classes. Each share of a series or class represents an equal proportionate interest in that series or class with each other share of that series or class.

The shares of each series or class participate equally in the earnings, dividends and assets of the particular series or class. Expenses of the Trust which are not attributable to a specific series or class, are allocated among all the series in a manner believed by management of the Trust to be fair and equitable. Shares issued do not have pre-emptive or conversion rights. Shares when issued are fully paid and non-assessable, except as set forth below. Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each share held. Shares of each series or class generally vote together, except when required under federal securities laws to vote separately on matters that only affect a particular series or class, such as the approval of distribution plans for a particular class.

The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders but will hold special meetings of shareholders of a series or class when, in the judgment of the Board, it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for a shareholder vote. Shareholders have, under certain circumstances, the right to communicate with other shareholders in connection with requesting a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of removing one or more Trustees. Shareholders also have, in certain circumstances, the right to remove one or more Trustees without a meeting. No material amendment may be made to the Trust's Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each portfolio affected by the amendment.

The Trust's Declaration of Trust provides that, at any meeting of shareholders of the Trust or of any series or class, a shareholder servicing agent may vote any shares as to which such shareholder servicing agent is the agent of record for shareholders who are not represented in person or by proxy at the meeting, proportionately in accordance with the votes cast by holders of all shares of that portfolio otherwise represented at the meeting in person or by proxy as to which such shareholder servicing agent is the agent of record.

Any shares so voted by a shareholder servicing agent will be deemed represented at the meeting for purposes of quorum requirements. Any series or class may be terminated (i) upon the merger or consolidation with, or the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of its assets to, another entity, if approved by the vote of the holders of two-thirds of its outstanding shares, except that if the Board recommends such merger, consolidation or sale or disposition of assets, the approval by vote of the holders of a majority of the series' or class' outstanding shares will be sufficient, or (ii) by the vote of the holders of a majority of its outstanding shares, or (iii) by the Board by written notice to the series' or class' shareholders. Unless each series and class is so terminated, the Trust will continue indefinitely.

Shareholders may send communications to the Board. Shareholders should send communications intended for the Board by addressing the communications to the Board, in care of the Secretary of the Trust and sending the communication to 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226, Glendora, California 91740. A shareholder communication must (i) be in writing and be signed by the shareholder, (ii) provide contact information for the shareholder, (iii) identify the Fund to which it relates, and (iv) identify the class and number of shares held by the shareholder. The Secretary of the Trust may, in good faith, determine that a shareholder communication should not be provided to the Board because it does not reasonably relate to the Trust or its operations, management, activities, policies, Service Providers, Board, officers, shareholders or other matters relating to an investment in the Fund or is otherwise immaterial in nature. Other shareholder communications received by the Fund not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be reviewed and generally responded to by management, and will be forwarded to the Board only at management's discretion based on the matters contained therein.

The Declaration of Trust provides that no Trustee or officer of the Trust shall be subject to any personal liability in connection with the assets or affairs of the Trust or any of its series except for losses in connection with his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties. The Trust has also entered into an indemnification agreement with each Trustee which provides that the Trust shall advance expenses and indemnify and hold harmless the Trustee in certain circumstances against any expenses incurred by the Trustee in any proceeding arising out of or in connection with the Trustee's service to the Trust, to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, the 1933 Act and the 1940 Act, and which provides for certain procedures in connection with such advancement of expenses and indemnification

The Trust's Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall maintain appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and omissions insurance) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents covering possible tort and other liabilities.

The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by such certificates.

Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as defined in the rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.

The Trust, the Advisor and the Sub-Advisor have adopted Codes of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics permit, subject to certain conditions, personnel of each of those entities to invest in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.

**FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

Incorporated by reference herein is the Funds' Annual Report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, which includes the "Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm", "Schedule of Investments", Statement of Assets and Liabilities", "Statement of Operations", "Statements of Changes in Net Assets", "Financial Highlights" and "Notes to Financial Statements". The Fund has adopted the financial statements of the Predecessor Fund. Those financial statements were audited by the Predecessor Fund's registered public accounting firm and are incorporated by reference herein. A copy of the Funds' Annual Report can be obtained at no charge by calling 1-888-966-9661 or writing the Fund.

**APPENDIX A<br> DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS**

**<u>Standard & Poor's Corporation</u>**

A brief description of the applicable Standard & Poor's Corporation ("S&P") rating symbols and their meanings (as published by S&P) follows:

**Long-Term Debt**

An S&P corporate or municipal debt rating is a current assessment of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific obligation. This assessment may take into consideration obligors such as guarantors, insurers or lessees. The debt rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable. S&P does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances. The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. Likelihood
 of default-capacity and willingness of the obligor as to the timely payment of interest
 and repayment of principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Nature
 of and provisions of the obligation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Protection
 afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization,
 or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors'
 rights.

**Investment Grade**

AAA Debt rated "AAA" has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.

AA Debt rated "AA" has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the highest rated issues only in small degree.

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|:---|:---|
| A | Debt rated "A" has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories. |

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|:---|:---|
| BBB | Debt rated "BBB" is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories. |

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**Speculative Grade Rating**

Debt rated "BB", "B", "CCC", "CC" and "C" is regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. "BB" indicates the least degree of speculation and "C" the highest. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics these are outweighed by major uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.

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|:---|:---|
| BB | Debt rated "BB" has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The "BB" rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied "BBB" rating. |

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|:---|:---|
| B | Debt rated "B" has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The "B" rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied "BB" or "BB" rating. |

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CCC Debt rated "CCC" has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The "CCC" rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied "B" or "B" rating.

CC The rating "CC" typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied "CCC" debt rating.

C The rating "C" typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which is assigned an actual or implied "CCC" debt rating. The "C" rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued.

CI The rating "CI" is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.

D Debt rated "D" is in payment default. The "D" rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The "D" rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized.

Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

Provisional Ratings: The letter "p" indicates that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of, or the risk of default upon failure of, such completion. The investor should exercise judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.

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|:---|:---|
| r | The letter "r" is attached to highlight derivative, hybrid, and certain other obligations that S&P believes may experience high volatility or high variability in expected returns due to non-credit risks. Examples of such obligations are: securities whose principal or interest return is indexed to equities, commodities, or currencies; certain swaps and options; and interest only and principal only mortgage securities. The absence of an "r" symbol should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will exhibit no volatility or variability in total return. |

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L The letter "L" indicates that the rating pertains to the principal amount of those bonds to the extent that the underlying deposit collateral is Federally insured by the Federal Savings & Loan Insurance Corporation or the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation\* In the case of certificates of deposit the letter "L" indicates that the deposit, combined with other deposits being held in the same right and capacity will be honored for principal and accrued pre-default interest up to the Federal insurance limits within 30 days after closing of the insured institution or, in the event that the deposit is assumed by a successor insured institution, upon maturity.

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|:---|:---|
| NR | Indicates no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular type of obligation as a matter of policy. |

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**Commercial Paper**

An S&P commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Ratings are graded into several categories, ranging from "A-1" for the highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest. These categories are as follows:

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|:---|:---|
| A-1 | This highest category indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus sign (+) designation. |

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A-2 Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated "A-1."

\* Continuance of the rating is contingent upon S&P's receipt of an executed copy of the escrow agreement or closing documentation confirming investments and cash flow.

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|:---|:---|
| A-3 | Issues carrying this designation have adequate capacity for timely payment. They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations. |

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B Issues rated "B" are regarded as having only speculative capacity for timely payment.

C This rating is assigned to short-term debt obligations with a doubtful capacity for payment.

D Debt rated "D" is in payment default. The "D" rating category is used when interest payments or principal Payments are not made on the date due, even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period.

A commercial rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell or hold a security inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The ratings are based on current information furnished to S&P by the issuer or obtained by S&P from other sources it considers reliable.

S&P does not perform an audit in connection with any rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in or unavailability of such information or based on other circumstances.

**Preferred Securities**

AAA This is the highest rating that may be assigned to a preferred stock issue and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay the preferred stock obligations.

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|:---|:---|
| AA | A Preferred stock issue rated AA also qualifies as a high quality fixed income security. The capacity to pay preferred stock obligations is very strong, although not as overwhelming as for issues rated AAA. |

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|:---|:---|
| A | An issue rated A is backed by a sound capacity to pay the preferred stock obligations, although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions. |

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|:---|:---|
| BBB | An issue rated BBB is regarded as backed by an adequate capacity to pay preferred stock obligations. Although it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make payments for preferred stock in this category for issues in the A category. |

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|:---|:---|
| BB | As issue rated BB is regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay the preferred stock obligation. While such issues will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, they are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions. |

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**Moody's Investors Service, Inc.**

A brief description of the applicable Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") rating symbols and their meanings (as published by Moody's) follows:

**Long-Term Debt**

The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody's for corporate and municipal long-term debt:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Aaa | Bonds are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt edged." Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the Fundamentally strong position of such issuer. |

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|:---|:---|
| Aa | Bonds are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the "Aaa" group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in "Aaa" securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in "Aaa" securities. |

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|:---|:---|
| A | Bonds possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future. |

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|:---|:---|
| Baa | Bonds considered medium-grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well. |

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|:---|:---|
| Ba, B, Caa, Ca, and C | Bonds that possess one of these ratings provide questionable protection of interest and principal ("Ba" indicates some speculative elements; "B" indicates a general lack of characteristics of desirable investment; "Caa" represents a poor standing; "Ca" represents obligations which are speculative in a high degree; and "C" represents the lowest rated class of bonds). "Caa," "Ca" and "C" bonds may be in default. |

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|:---|:---|
| Con. (---) | Bonds for which the security depends upon the completion of some act or the fulfillment of some condition are rated conditionally. These are bonds secured by (a) earnings of projects under construction, (b) earnings of projects unseasoned in operation experience, (c) rentals which begin when facilities are completed, or (d) payments to which some other limiting condition attaches. Parenthetical rating denotes probable credit stature upon completion of construction or elimination of basis of condition. |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(P) When
 applied to forward delivery bonds, indicates that the rating is provisional pending delivery
 of the bonds. The rating may be revised prior to delivery if changes occur in the legal
 documents or the underlying credit quality of the bonds.

Note: Those bonds in the Aa, A, Baa, Ba and B groups which Moody's believes possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the symbols, Aa1, A1, Ba1 and B1.

**Short-Term Loans**

MIG 1/VMIG 1 This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad based access to the market for refinancing.

MIG 2/VMIG 2 This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.

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|:---|:---|
| MIG 3/VMIG 3 | This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established. |

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MIG 4/VMIG 4 This designation denotes adequate quality. Protection commonly regarded as required of an investment security is present and although not distinctly or predominantly speculative, there is specific risk.

S.G. This designation denotes speculative quality. Debt instruments in this category lack margins of protection.

**Commercial Paper**

Issuers rated Prime-1 (or related supporting institutions) have a superior capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. Prime-1 repayment capacity will normally be evidenced by the following characteristics:

- Leading market positions in well-established industries.

- High rates of return on Funds employed.

- Conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection.

- Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation.

- Well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

Issuers rated Prime-2 (or related supporting institutions) have a strong capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained. Issuers rated Prime-3 (or related supporting institutions) have an acceptable capacity for repayment of short-term promissory obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market composition may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and the requirement for relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.

Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

**Preferred Securities Ratings**

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|:---|:---|
| aaa | Preferred stocks which are rated "aaa" are considered to be top quality. This rating indicates good asset protection and the least risk of dividend impairment within the universe of preferred stocks. |

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|:---|:---|
| aa | Preferred stocks which are rated "aa" are considered to be high grade. This rating indicates that there is reasonable assurance that earnings and asset protection will remain relatively well maintained in the foreseeable future. |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| a | Preferred stocks which are rated "a" are considered to be upper-medium grade. While risks are judged to be somewhat greater than in the "aaa" and "aa" classifications, earnings and asset protection are, nevertheless, expected to be maintained at adequate levels. |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| baa | Preferred stocks which are rated "baa" are judged lover-medium grade, neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Earnings and asset protection appear adequate at present but may be questionable over any great length of time. |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| ba | Preferred stocks which are rated "ba" are considered to have speculative elements and their future cannot be considered well assured. Earnings and asset protection may be very moderate and not well safeguarded during adverse periods. Uncertainty of position characterizes preferred stocks in this class. |

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**APPENDIX B<br> PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND GUIDELINES FOR THE TRUST,<br> ADVISOR AND SUB-ADVISOR**

**INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST**

**PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES**

Investment Managers Series Trust (the "Trust") is registered as an open-end investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended ("1940 Act"). The Trust offers multiple series (each a "Fund" and, collectively, the "Funds"). Consistent with its fiduciary duties and pursuant to Rule 30b1-4 under the 1940 Act (the "Proxy Rule"), the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the "Board") has adopted this proxy voting policy on behalf of the Trust (the "Policy") to reflect its commitment to ensure that proxies are voted in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Funds' shareholders.

**<u>Delegation of Proxy Voting Authority to Fund Advisors</u>**

The Board believes that the investment advisor of each Fund (each an "Advisor" and, collectively, the "Advisors"), as the entity that selects the individual securities that comprise its Fund's portfolio, is the most knowledgeable and best-suited to make decisions on how to vote proxies of portfolio companies held by that Fund. The Trust will therefore defer to, and rely on, the Advisor of each Fund to make decisions on how to cast proxy votes on behalf of such Fund. An Advisor may delegate this responsibility to a Fund's Sub-Advisor(s).

The Trust hereby designates the Advisor of each Fund as the entity responsible for exercising proxy voting authority with regard to securities held in the Fund's investment portfolio. Consistent with its duties under this Policy, each Advisor shall monitor and review corporate transactions of corporations in which the Fund has invested, obtain all information sufficient to allow an informed vote on all proxy solicitations, ensure that all proxy votes are cast in a timely fashion, and maintain all records required to be maintained by the Fund under the Proxy Rule and the 1940 Act. Each Advisor will perform these duties in accordance with the Advisor's proxy voting policy, a copy of which will be presented to the Board for its review. Each Advisor will promptly provide to the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer ("CCO") updates to its proxy voting policy as they are adopted and implemented, and the Trust's CCO will then report such updates to the Board.

**<u>Availability of Proxy Voting Policy and Records Available to Fund Shareholders</u>**

If a Fund or an Advisor has a website, a copy of the Advisor's proxy voting policy and this Policy may be posted on such website. A copy of such policies and of each Fund's proxy voting record shall also be made available, without charge, upon request of any shareholder of the Fund, by calling the applicable Fund's toll-free telephone number as printed in the Fund's prospectus. The Trust's transfer agent will notify the Advisor of any such request of proxy voting procedures. The Advisor shall reply to any Fund shareholder request within three (3) business days of receipt of the request, by first-class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery.

Each Advisor will provide a complete annual voting record, as required by the Proxy Rule, for each series of the Trust for which it acts as advisor, to the Trust's co-administrator no later than July 31 of each year. The Trust's co-administrator, MFAC, will file a report based on such record on Form N-PX on an annual basis with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than August 31<sup>st</sup> of each year.

Each advisor is responsible for providing its current proxy voting policies and procedures and any subsequent amendments to the Trust's CCO. SEC Form N-PX is filed with respect to each Fund by MFAC (acting as filing agent), by no later than August 31<sup>st</sup> of each year. Each such filing details all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund for the prior twelve months ended June 30<sup>th</sup>. In connection with each filing on behalf of the Fund, the Advisor's CCO must sign and return to MFAC no later than July 30<sup>th</sup> a Form N-PX Certification stating that the Advisor has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures in compliance with the SEC's Proxy Voting Rule.

**Advisors Asset Management, Inc.**

**Proxy Voting Policy**

Advisors Asset Management, Inc., as a matter of policy and as a fiduciary to our clients, has responsibility for voting proxies for portfolio securities consistent with the best economic interests of the clients. Our firm maintains written policies and procedures as to the handling, research, voting and reporting of proxy voting and makes appropriate disclosures about our firm's proxy policies and practices. Our policy and practice includes the responsibility to monitor corporate actions, receive and vote client proxies and disclose any potential conflicts of interest as well as making information available to clients about the voting of proxies for their portfolio securities and maintaining relevant and required records.

Our firm votes Proxies for primary accounts and may vote for Sub-Advised accounts if so contracted for by the primary advisor, including some ERISA accounts. That is, unless the authority to vote has been expressly (and properly) reserved or delegated to another fiduciary in accordance with ERISA, the fiduciary who is responsible for the management of securities held by a plan will also be responsible for voting those securities.

**Background**

Proxy voting is an important right of shareholders and reasonable care and diligence must be undertaken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely exercised.

Investment advisers registered with the SEC, and which exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act to (a) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between an adviser's interests and those of its clients; (b) to disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to its clients; and (d) maintain certain records relating to the adviser's proxy voting activities when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.

**Responsibility**

Sr. Executive Vice President, Asset Management (see Schedule X), has the responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of our proxy voting policy, practices, disclosures and record keeping, including outlining our voting guidelines in our procedures.

**Procedure**

Advisors Asset Management, Inc. has adopted procedures to implement the department's policy and conducts reviews to monitor and ensure the department's policy is observed, implemented properly and amended or updated, as appropriate, which include the following:

***Voting Procedures***

● All employees will forward any proxy materials received on behalf of clients to Sr. Executive Vice President, Asset Management;

● Sr. Executive Vice President, Asset Management will determine which client accounts hold the security to which the proxy relates;

● Absent material conflicts, Sr. Executive Vice President, Asset Management, or designee, will determine how Advisors Asset Management, Inc. should vote the proxy in accordance with applicable voting guidelines, complete the proxy and vote the proxy in a timely and appropriate manner.

***Disclosure***

● Advisors Asset Management, Inc. will provide required disclosures in response to Item 17 of Form ADV Part 2A summarizing this proxy voting policy and procedures, including a statement that clients may request information regarding how Advisors Asset Management, Inc. voted a client's proxies, and that clients may request a copy of the firm's proxy policies and procedures.

● Advisors Asset Management, Inc. uses ProxyEdge, a third party proxy voting platform, to aid in the voting process as well as record maintenance. Votes are submitted through the platform in accordance with Advisors Asset Management, Inc. written voting policies and procedures. Voting records are maintained through the platform in accordance with Advisors Asset Management, Inc. written policies and procedures.

● Advisors Asset Management, Inc. or designee, will also send a copy of this summary to all existing clients who have previously received Advisors Asset Management, Inc. Form ADV Part 2; or Sr. Executive Vice President or designee, Asset Management, may send each client the amended Form ADV Part 2.

***Client Requests for Information***

● All client requests for information regarding proxy votes, or policies and procedures, received by any employee should be forwarded to Sr. Executive Vice President, Asset Management or Designee.

● In response to any request Sr. Executive Vice President, Asset Management, or designee, will prepare a written response to the client with the information requested, and as applicable will include the name of the issuer, the proposal voted upon, and how Advisors Asset Management, Inc. voted the client's proxy with respect to each proposal about which client inquired.

***Voting Guidelines***

● In the absence of specific voting guidelines from the client, Advisors Asset Management, Inc. will vote proxies in the best interests of each particular client. Advisors Asset Management, Inc.'s policy is to vote all proxies from a specific issuer the same way for each client absent qualifying restrictions from a client. Clients are permitted to place reasonable restrictions on Advisors Asset Management, Inc.'s voting authority in the same manner that they may place such restrictions on the actual selection of account securities.

● Advisors Asset Management, Inc. will generally vote in favor of routine corporate housekeeping proposals such as the election of directors and selection of auditors absent conflicts of interest raised by an auditors non-audit services.

● Advisors Asset Management, Inc. will generally vote against proposals that cause board members to become entrenched or cause unequal voting rights.

● In reviewing proposals, Advisors Asset Management, Inc. will further consider the opinion of management and the effect on management, and the effect on shareholder value and the issuer's business practices.

***Conflicts of Interest***

● Advisors Asset Management, Inc. will identify any conflicts that exist between the interests of the adviser and the client by reviewing the relationship of Advisors Asset Management, Inc. with the issuer of each security to determine if Advisors Asset Management, Inc. or any of its employees has any financial, business or personal relationship with the issuer.

● If a material conflict of interest exists, Sr. Executive Vice President, Asset Management will determine whether it is appropriate to disclose the conflict to the affected clients, to give the clients an opportunity to vote the proxies themselves, or to address the voting issue through other objective means such as voting in a manner consistent with a predetermined voting policy or receiving an independent third party voting recommendation.

● Advisors Asset Management, Inc. will maintain a record of the voting resolution of any conflict of interest.

***Recordkeeping***

Sr. Executive Vice President, Asset Management shall retain the following proxy records in accordance with the SEC's five-year retention requirement.

● These policies and procedures and any amendments;

● Each proxy statement that Advisors Asset Management, Inc. receives;

● A record of each vote that Advisors Asset Management, Inc. casts;

● Any document Advisors Asset Management, Inc. created that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies, or that memorializes that decision including periodic reports to Sr. Executive Vice President, Asset Management or proxy committee, if applicable.

● A copy of each written request from a client for information on how Advisors Asset Management, Inc. voted such client's proxies, and a copy of any written response.

**Phocas Financial Corporation**

**Proxy Voting Policy**

In general, Phocas Financial Corporation (the "Company") will vote client proxies based on Institutional Shareholder Services ("ISS") proxy voting guidelines (available at https://www.issgovernance.com/file/policy/active/americas/US-Voting-Guidelines.pdf). ISS evaluates proxies and recommends proxy voting guidelines to large institutional shareholders. It is our reasonable judgment that voting proxies consistent with ISS guidelines will be in our client's best interests and will result in a vote most likely to produce favorable financial results for our clients. Proxy votes generally will be cast in favor of proposals that maintain or strengthen the shared interests of shareholders and management, increase shareholder value, maintain or increase shareholder influence over the issuer's board of directors and management, and maintain or increase the rights of shareholders; proxy votes generally will be cast against proposals having the opposite effect. For those proxy issues of which ISS has no opinion, the Company will consider both sides of each proxy issue and make a vote consistent with the aforementioned goals favoring the financial results for our clients. Consistent with the Company's paramount commitment to the financial investment goals of its clients, social considerations will not be considered absent contrary instructions by a client.

Conflicts of interest between the Company or a principal of the Company and the Company's clients in respect of a proxy issue conceivably may arise, for example, from personal or professional relationships with a company or with the directors, candidates for director, or senior executives of a company that is the issuer of client securities.

If the CCO determines that a material conflict of interest exists, the following procedures shall be followed:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The
 Company may disclose the existence and nature of the conflict to the client(s) owning
 the client securities, and seek directions on how to vote the proxies;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The
 Company may abstain from voting, particularly if there are conflicting client interests
 (for example, where client accounts hold different client securities in a competitive
 merger situation); or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) The
 Company may follow the recommendations of an independent proxy voting service in voting
 the proxies.

In instances where a conflict of interest is determined for the Fund, the advisor will, engage the services of the independent proxy voting service (ISS) who will provide an independent recommendation on the direction in which the advisor should vote on the proposal.

**PART C: OTHER INFORMATION**

***AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund***

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 28.** | **EXHIBITS** |

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[(a)](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834422014111/fp0077971_ex9928a1.htm) [(1) Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Registrant dated June 16, 2022 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(1) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1182 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed with the Commission on July 26, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834422014111/fp0077971_ex9928a1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(2) Certificate of Trust of the Registrant dated February 15, 2005 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 filed with the Commission on March 31, 2006.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000089180406001227/file004.txt)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(3) Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust of the Registrant dated May 31, 2005 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(3) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 filed with the Commission on March 31, 2006.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000089180406001227/file005.txt)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(4) Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust of the Registrant dated December 3, 2007 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(3) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 29 filed with the Commission on December 5, 2007.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000114420407065963/v096410_ex-99a3.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(5) Certificate of Correction to Certificate of Trust dated November 23, 2009 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(5) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 73 filed with the Commission on December 30, 2009.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000114420409066831/v170077_ex99-a5.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(6) Certificate of Designation of AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(15) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 954 filed with the Commission on May 18, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834418007787/fp0033418_ex9928a15.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(b) By-Laws of Registrant as amended on January 9, 2008, March 25, 2009, December 5, 2013, March 10, 2016, and June 16, 2022 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (b) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1182 filed with the Commission on July 26, 2022](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834422014111/fp0077971_ex9928b.htm)<u>.</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders is incorporated by reference to Registrant's [Agreement and Declaration of Trust](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834422014111/fp0077971_ex9928a1.htm) and [Bylaws](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834422014111/fp0077971_ex9928b.htm).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(d) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement – **filed herewith**.](fp0082430-1_ex9928d.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(1) Form of Sub-Advisory Agreement with Phocas Financial Corporation – **filed herewith**.](fp0082430-1_ex9928d1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(e) Distribution Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 297 filed with the Commission on December 26, 2012.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834412003877/fp0005988_ex9928e.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(1) Novated Distribution Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(1) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1162 filed with the Commission on October 26, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834421020354/fp0069354_ex9928e1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(i) Form of Amendment to Novated Distribution Agreement dated September 30, 2021 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(1) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1196 filed with the Commission on January 23, 2023.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834423000897/fp0081567-1_ex9928e1i.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts is not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(g) Custody Agreement dated January 14, 2008 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 filed with the Commission on February 1, 2008](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000114420408005751/v101564_ex99-g.htm).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(1) Amendment to Custody Agreement dated March 31, 2021 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(1) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1145 filed with the Commission on March 29, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834421007167/fp0063500_ex9928g1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) Other Material Contracts

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>(1)</u> [Amended and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement dated March 25, 2009 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 filed with the Commission on April 1, 2009.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000114420409018296/v144606_ex99h-1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(i) Amended and Restated Schedule B to the Amended and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement dated March 25, 2009 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(1)(i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 571 filed with the Commission on October 24, 2014.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834414005424/fp0011980_ex9928h1i.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(2) Amended and Restated Fund Accounting Agreement dated March 5, 2014 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(2)(i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 490 filed with the Commission on March 28, 2014.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834414001875/fp0010023_ex9928h2i.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(3) Amended and Restated Co-Administration Agreement dated March 5, 2014 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(3)(i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 490 filed with the Commission on March 28, 2014.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834414001875/fp0010023_ex9928h3i.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(i) Amendment to Co-Administration Agreement dated August 4, 2014 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(3)(ii) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 571 filed with the Commission on October 24, 2014.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834414005424/fp0011980_ex9928h3ii.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(4) Form of Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement – **filed herewith**.](fp0082430-1_ex9928h4.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(5) Amended and Restated Shareholder Service is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(5) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1192 filed with the Commission on November 1, 2022](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834422021179/fp0080377-1_ex9928h5.htm)<u>.</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) Opinion and Consent of Legal Counsel

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(1) Opinion and Consent of Legal Counsel for AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 959 filed with the Commission on August 1, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834418011007/fp0034761_ex9928i.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – **to be filed by amendment.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) Not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) Initial Subscription Agreement

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(1) Form of Initial Subscription Agreement for AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (i) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 959 filed with the Commission on August 1, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834418011007/fp0034761_ex9928l6.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(m) Amended and Restated Rule 12b-1 Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1192 Filed with the Commission on November 1, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834422021179/fp0080377-1_ex9928m.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(n) Amended Multiple Class Plan Pursuant to Rule 18f-3 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 959 filed with the Commission on August 1, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834418011007/fp0034761_ex9928n.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) Power of Attorney

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(1) Power of Attorney dated December 9, 2021 for Ashley Rabun, Charles Miller, William Young, John Zader, Eric Banhazl and Maureen Quill is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (o) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1165 filed with the Commission on December 22, 2021.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834421024301/fp0070228_ex9928o.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(2) Power of Attorney dated January 12, 2023 for James E. Ross is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (o)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1196 filed with the Commission on January 23, 2023.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834423000897/fp0081567-1_ex9928o2.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(p) Code of Ethics

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(1) Code of Ethics of the Trust is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(1) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 998 filed with the Commission on February 26, 2019.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834419003381/fp0039977_ex9928p1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(2) Code of Ethics of the Advisor is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 1042 filed with the Commission on October 28, 2019.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834419018606/fp0045619_ex9928p2.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[(3) Code of Ethics of the Sub-Advisor (Phocas Financial Corporation) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(3) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 959 filed with the Commission on August 1, 2018.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1318342/000139834418011007/fp0034761_ex9928p3iv.htm)

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 29.** | **PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE FUND** |

---

See the Statement of Additional Information.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 30.** | **INDEMNIFICATION** |

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Pursuant to Del. Code Ann. Title 12 Section 3817, a Delaware statutory trust may provide in its governing instrument for the indemnification of its officers and Trustees from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever.

Reference is made to Article 8, Section 8.4 of the Registrant's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, which provides:

Subject to the limitations, if applicable, hereinafter set forth in this Section 8.4, the Trust shall indemnify (from the assets of the Series or Series to which the conduct in question relates) each of its Trustees, officers, employees and agents (including Persons who serve at the Trust's request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (hereinafter, together with such Person's heirs, executors, administrators or personal representative, referred to as a "Covered Person")) against all liabilities, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and expenses, including reasonable accountants' and counsel fees, incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Covered Person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or having been such a Trustee or officer, director or trustee, except with respect to any matter as to which it has been determined that such Covered Person (i) did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that such Covered Person's action was in or not opposed to the best interests of the Trust; (ii) had acted with willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person's office (iii) for a criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful (the conduct described in (i), (ii) and (iii) being referred to hereafter as "Disabling Conduct"). A determination that the Covered Person is entitled to indemnification may be made by (i) a final decision on the merits by a court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought that the Covered Person to be indemnified was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct, (ii) dismissal of a court action or an administrative proceeding against a Covered Person for insufficiency of evidence of Disabling Conduct, or (iii) a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that the indemnity was not liable by reason of Disabling Conduct by (a) a vote of a majority of a quorum of Trustees who are neither "interested persons" of the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act nor parties to the proceeding (the "Disinterested Trustees"), or (b) an independent legal counsel in a written opinion. Expenses, including accountants' and counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), may be paid from time to time by one or more Series to which the conduct in question related in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding; provided that the Covered Person shall have undertaken to repay the amounts so paid to such Series if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article 8 and (i) the Covered Person shall have provided security for such undertaking, (ii) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of the disinterested Trustees, or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the Covered Person ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.

Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

The Registrant has also entered into Indemnification Agreements with each of its trustees which provide that the Registrant shall advance expenses and indemnify and hold harmless each trustee in certain circumstances against any expenses incurred by a trustee in any proceeding arising out of or in connection with the trustee's service to the Registrant, to the maximum extent permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, and which provide for certain procedures in connection with such advancement of expenses and indemnification.

Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement between the Trust and IMST Distributors, LLC (the "Distributor"), the Trust has agreed to indemnify, defend and hold the Distributor, and each of its present or former directors, members, officers, employees, representatives and any person who controls or previously controlled the Distributor within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act ("Distributor Indemnitees"), free and harmless (a) from and against any and all losses, claims, demands, liabilities, damages, charges, payments, costs and expenses (including the costs of investigating or defending any alleged losses, claims, demands, liabilities, damages, charges, payments, costs or expenses and any counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) of any and every nature ("Losses") which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act, any other statute (including Blue Sky laws) or any rule or regulation thereunder, or under common law or otherwise, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement, or alleged untrue statement, of a material fact contained in the registration statement or any prospectus, an annual or interim report to shareholders or sales literature, or any amendments or supplements thereto, or arising out of or based upon any omission, or alleged omission, to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that the Trust's obligation to indemnify Distributor and any of the Distributor Indemnitees shall not be deemed to cover any Losses arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Distributor and furnished to the Trust or its counsel by Distributor in writing for the purpose of, and used in, the preparation thereof; (b) from and against any and all Losses which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur in connection with this Agreement or the Distributor's performance hereunder, except to the extent the Losses result from the Distributor's willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, (c) from and against any and all Losses which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur resulting from the actions or inactions of any prior service provider to the Trust or any Funds in existence prior to, and added to Schedule A after, the date of this Agreement, or (d) from and against any and all Losses which Distributor and/or each of the Distributor Indemnitees may incur when acting in accordance with instructions from the Trust or its representatives; and provided further that to the extent this agreement of indemnity may require indemnity of any Distributor Indemnitee who is also a trustee or officer of the Trust, no such indemnity shall inure to the benefit of such trustee or officer if to do so would be against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act or the 1940 Act.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 31.** | **BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER** |

---

With respect to the Advisor, the response to this Item is incorporated by reference to the Advisor's Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (Form ADV) on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The Advisor's Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC's website at <u>www.adviserinfo.sec.gov</u>.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 32.** | **IMST DISTRIBUTORS, LLC** |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) IMST
 Distributors, LLC (the "Distributor") serves as principal underwriter for
 the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940,
 as amended:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. Investment Managers Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Investment Managers Series Trust II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The
 following are the Officers and Manager of the Distributor. The Distributor's
 main business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  Name | Address | Position with<br> Underwriter  | Position with<br> Registrant |
| Teresa Cowan | 111 E. Kilbourn Avenue, Suite 2200<br> Milwaukee, WI 53202 | President/Manager |  |
| Chris Lanza | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 <br> Portland, ME 04101  | Vice President |  |
| Kate Macchia | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 <br> Portland, ME 04101  | Vice President |  |
| Susan K. Moscaritolo | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 <br> Portland, ME 04101  | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer |  |
| Kelly B. Whetstone | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 <br> Portland, ME 04101  | Secretary |  |
| Susan L. LaFond | 111 E. Kilbourn Ave, Suite 2200<br> Milwaukee, WI 53202 | Treasurer |  |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Not
 applicable.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 33.** | **LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS.** |

---

The books and records required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are maintained at the following locations:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ***Records Relating to:*** | ***Are located at:*** |
| Registrant's Transfer Agent, Fund Accountant and Co-Administrator | UMB Fund Services, Inc.<br> 235 W. Galena Street<br> Milwaukee, WI 53212  |
| Registrant's Co-Administrator | Mutual Fund Administration LLC <br> 2220 E. Route 66, Suite 226 <br> Glendora, California 91740  |
| Registrant's Custodian | UMB Bank, n.a. <br> 928 Grand Boulevard, 5<sup>th</sup> Floor <br> Kansas City, Missouri, 64106  |
| Registrant's Investment Adviser | Advisors Asset Management, Inc. <br> 18925 Base Camp Road, Suite 203 <br> Monument, Colorado 80132  |
| Registrant's Sub-Adviser<br>| Phocas Financial Corporation <br> 980 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 106 <br> Alameda, California 94501  |
| Registrant's Distributor | IMST Distributors, LLC <br> Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100<br> Portland, Maine 04101  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 34.** | **MANAGEMENT SERVICES** |

---

Not applicable.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 35.** | **UNDERTAKINGS** |

---

Not applicable.

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, on the **<u>1<sup>st</sup> day of March, 2023</u>**.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST** | **INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST** |
| By: | /s/ Maureen Quill |
| Maureen Quill, President and Principal Executive Officer | Maureen Quill, President and Principal Executive Officer |

---

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed on the **<u>1<sup>st</sup> day of March, 2023</u>**, by the following persons in the capacities set forth below.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Signature** | **Title** |
| **†** |  |
| Ashley Toomey Rabun | Trustee |
| **†** |  |
| William H. Young | Trustee |
| **†** |  |
| Charles H. Miller | Trustee |
| **†** |  |
| James E. Ross | Trustee |
| /s/ Maureen Quill | Trustee, President and Principal Executive Officer |
| Maureen Quill |  |
| /s/ Rita Dam | Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer |
| Rita Dam |  |
| **†** By /s/ Rita Dam |  |
| Attorney-in-fact, pursuant to power of attorney previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 1165 on December 22, 2021; and the power of attorney dated January 12, 2023 previously filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 1196 on January 23, 2023.  |  |

---

**EXHIBIT INDEX**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit** | **Exhibit No.** |
| [Form of Investment Advisory Agreement](fp0082430-1_ex9928d.htm) | [EX99.28(d)](fp0082430-1_ex9928d.htm) |
| [Form of Sub-Advisory Agreement](fp0082430-1_ex9928d1.htm) | [EX99.28(d)(1)](fp0082430-1_ex9928d1.htm) |
| [Form of Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement](fp0082430-1_ex9928h4.htm) | [EX99.28(h)(4)](fp0082430-1_ex9928h4.htm) |

---

## Ex-99

**INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT<br> BETWEEN<br> INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST**

**AND**

 **Advisors Asset Management, INC.**

THIS INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT (the "Agreement"), dated as of __________________, is entered into by and between **Investment Managers Series Trust**, a Delaware statutory trust (the "Trust"), on behalf of its series listed in Appendix A, as amended from time to time (each a "Fund"), and Advisors Asset Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Advisor").

WHEREAS, the Advisor has agreed to furnish investment advisory services to each Fund, each of which is a series of the Trust and an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act");

WHEREAS, this Agreement has been approved by the Trust in accordance with the provisions of the 1940 Act, and the Advisor is willing to furnish such services upon the terms and conditions herein set forth;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual premises and covenants herein contained and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Prior Agreement is hereby amended and restated in full as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1. In General.** The Advisor agrees, all as more fully set forth herein, to act as investment advisor to each Fund with respect to the investment of each Fund's assets and to administer the affairs of each Fund (other than such services which will be provided by such Fund's co-administrator) subject to the supervision of the Trust's Board of Trustees for the period and upon the terms herein set forth.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2. Duties and Obligations of the Advisor with Respect to Investment of Assets of each Fund.** (a) Subject to the succeeding provisions of this section and subject to the direction and control of the Trust's Board of Trustees, the Advisor shall (i) act as investment advisor for and supervise and manage the investment and reinvestment of each Fund's assets and, in connection therewith, have complete discretion in purchasing and selling securities and other assets for the Fund and in voting, exercising consents and exercising all other rights appertaining to such securities and other assets on behalf of each Fund; (ii) supervise the investment program of a Fund and the composition of its investment portfolio; and (iii) arrange, subject to the provisions of Section 3 hereof, for the purchase and sale of securities and other assets held in the investment portfolio of each Fund; (iv) keep the Trust fully informed with regard to each Fund's investment performance and investment mandate compliance; and (v) furnish the Trust with such other documents and information as the Trust may from time to time reasonably request. (b) In performing its duties under this Section 2 with respect to a Fund, the Advisor may choose to delegate some or all of its duties and obligations under this Agreement to one or more investment sub-advisors. If the Advisor chooses to do so, such delegation may include but is not limited to delegating the voting of proxies relating to each Fund's portfolio securities in accordance with the proxy voting policies and procedures of such investment sub-advisor; provided, however, that any such delegation shall be pursuant to an agreement with terms agreed upon by the Trust and approved in a manner consistent with the 1940 Act; and provided, further, that no such delegation shall relieve the Advisor from its duties and obligations of management and supervision of the management of each Fund's assets pursuant to this Agreement and to applicable law. If the Advisor delegates any of its duties and obligations under this Agreement with respect to a Fund to one or more investment sub-advisors, then subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act the Advisor shall have (i) overall supervisory responsibility for the general management and investment of each Fund's assets; (ii) full discretion to select new or additional investment sub-advisors for each Fund; (iii) full discretion to enter into and materially modify existing sub-advisory agreements with investment sub-advisors; (iv) full discretion to terminate and replace any investment sub-advisor; and (v) full investment discretion to make all determinations with respect to the investment of each Fund's assets not then managed by an investment sub-advisor. In connection with the Advisor's responsibilities with respect to any sub-advised Fund, the Advisor shall (x) assess each Fund's investment focus and investment strategy for each sub-advised portfolio of each Fund; (y) perform diligence on and monitor the investment performance and adherence to compliance procedures of each investment sub-advisor providing services to each Fund; and (z) seek to implement decisions with respect to the allocation and reallocation of each Fund's assets among one or more current or additional investment sub-advisors from time to time, as the Advisor deems appropriate, to enable each Fund to achieve its investment goals. In addition, the Advisor shall monitor compliance by each investment sub-advisor of a Fund with the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of each Fund, and review and periodically report to the Board of Trustees of the Trust on the performance of each investment sub-advisor.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**3. Covenants.** In the performance of its duties under this Agreement, the Advisor:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) shall in all material respects with respect to its obligations to each Fund pursuant to this Agreement, conform to, and act in accordance with, any requirements imposed by: (i) the provisions of the 1940 Act and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the "Advisers Act"), and all applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"); (ii) any other applicable provision of law pertaining to Advisor's investment advisory activities provided hereunder; (iii) the provisions of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws of the Trust as such documents are amended from time to time to the extent such documents and provisions are provided to Advisor by the Trust's management in writing; (iv) the investment objectives and policies of each Fund as set forth in its Registration Statement on Form N-1A; and (v) compliance policies and procedures of the Trust adopted by the Board of Trustees of the Trust to the extent such compliance policies and procedures are provided to Advisor by the Trust's management in writing;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) will place orders for securities and other investments for a Fund either directly with the issuer or with any broker or dealer. Subject to the other provisions of this Section, in placing orders with brokers and dealers, the Advisor will attempt to obtain the best price and most favorable execution of its orders. In placing orders, the Advisor will consider the full range of a broker-dealer's services including, but not limited to, experience and skill of the firm's securities traders as well as the firm's financial responsibility and administrative efficiency. Consistent with this obligation, the Advisor may select brokers on the basis of the research, statistical and pricing services they provide to a Fund and other clients of the Advisor. Information and research received from such brokers will be in addition to, and not in lieu of, the services required to be performed by the Advisor hereunder. It is understood that the Advisor will not be deemed to have acted unlawfully, or to have breached a fiduciary duty to a Fund, or be in breach of any obligation owing to a Fund under this Agreement, or otherwise, solely by reason of its having caused a Fund to pay a member of a securities exchange, a broker or a dealer a commission for effecting a securities transaction for a Fund in excess of the amount of commission another member of an exchange, broker or dealer would have charged if the Advisor determines in good faith that the commission paid was reasonable in relation to the brokerage or research services provided by such member, broker or dealer, viewed in terms of that particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to its accounts, including the Fund, as to which it exercises investment discretion. In no instance, however, will a Fund's securities be purchased from or sold to the Advisor, or any affiliated person thereof, except to the extent permitted by the SEC or by applicable law.

In addition, the Advisor may, to the extent permitted by applicable law and the rules and regulation thereunder, aggregate purchase and sale orders of securities with similar orders being made simultaneously for other accounts managed by the Advisor or its affiliates, if in the Advisor's reasonable judgment such aggregation shall result in an overall economic benefit to a Fund, taking into consideration the selling or purchase price, brokerage commissions and other expenses. In the event that a purchase or sale of an asset of a Fund occurs as part of any aggregate sale or purchase orders, the objective of the Advisor and any of its affiliates involved in such transaction shall be to allocate the securities so purchased or sold, as well as expenses incurred in the transaction, among the Fund and other accounts in an equitable manner. Nevertheless, the Trust acknowledges that under some circumstances, such allocation may adversely affect a Fund with respect to the price or size of the securities positions obtainable or salable. Whenever a Fund and one or more other investment advisory clients of the Advisor have available funds for investment, investments suitable and appropriate for each will be allocated in a manner believed by the Advisor to be equitable to each, although such allocation may result in a delay in one or more client accounts being fully invested that would not occur if such an allocation were not made. Moreover, it is possible that due to differing investment objectives or other reasons, the Advisor and its affiliates may purchase securities of an issuer for one client and at approximately the same time recommend selling or sell the same or similar types of securities for another client;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) will treat confidentially and as proprietary information of each Fund all records and other information relative to such Fund, and such Fund's prior, current or potential shareholders, and will not use such records and information for any purpose other than performance of its responsibilities and duties hereunder, except after prior notification to and approval in writing by such Fund, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld and may not be withheld where the Advisor may be exposed to civil or criminal contempt proceedings for failure to comply, when requested to divulge such information by duly constituted authorities, or when so requested by such Fund;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) will maintain errors and omissions insurance in an amount at least equal to that disclosed to the Board of Trustees in connection with its approval of this Agreement;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) will supply such information to each Fund's co-administrators and permit such compliance inspections by such Fund's co-administrators as shall be reasonably necessary to permit the co-administrators to satisfy their obligations and respond to the reasonable requests of the Board of Trustees;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) will use reasonable best efforts to assist the Trust and each Fund in implementing the Trust's disclosure controls and procedures, and will from time to time provide the Trust a written assessment of Advisor's compliance policies and procedures that is reasonably acceptable to the Trust to enable the Trust to fulfill its obligations under Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act.

To the extent a Fund seeks to adopt, amend or eliminate any objectives, policies, restrictions or procedures in a manner that modifies or restricts the Advisor's management of a Fund's portfolio or authority regarding the execution of such Fund's portfolio transactions, the Trust agrees to use reasonable efforts to consult with the Advisor regarding the modifications or restrictions prior to such adoption, amendment or elimination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**4. Services Not Exclusive.** The Trust acknowledges that the Advisor and sub-advisors engaged by the Advisor with respect to a Fund may now act, and in the future may act, as an investment advisor or sub-advisor to other managed accounts and as investment advisor or investment sub-advisor to one or more other investment companies that are not a series of the Trust. In addition, the Trust acknowledges that the persons employed by the Advisor and sub-advisors engaged by the Advisor with respect to a Fund to assist in the Advisor's duties and obligations under this Agreement will not devote their full time to such efforts. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Advisor or any officer, employee or affiliate thereof from acting as investment advisor for any other person, firm or corporation, or from engaging in any other lawful activity, and shall not in any way limit or restrict the Advisor or any of its officers, employees or agents from buying, selling or trading any securities for its or their own accounts or for the accounts of others for whom it or they may be acting; provided, however, that the Advisor will undertake no activities which, in its judgment, will materially adversely affect the performance of its obligations under this Agreement. It is also agreed that Advisor may use any supplemental research obtained for the benefit of the Trust in providing investment advice to its other investment advisory accounts and for managing its own accounts or for the accounts of others for whom it or they may be acting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**5. Books and Records.** In compliance with the requirements of Rule 31a-3 under the 1940 Act, the Advisor hereby agrees that all records which it maintains for each Fund are the property of the Trust and further agrees to surrender promptly to the Trust any such records upon the Trust's request. The Advisor further agrees to preserve for the periods prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act the records required to be maintained by Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, and to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Trust will not object to the Advisor maintaining copies of any such records, including the performance records of each Fund, and will not object to the Advisor using such performance records to promote its services to other accounts, including other fund accounts.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**6. Agency Cross and Rule 17a-7 Transactions.** From time to time, the Advisor or brokers or dealers affiliated with it may find themselves in a position to buy for certain of their brokerage clients (each an "Account") securities which the Advisor's investment advisory clients wish to sell, and to sell for certain of their brokerage clients securities which advisory clients wish to buy. Where one of the parties is an advisory client, the Advisor or the affiliated broker or dealer cannot participate in this type of transaction (known as a cross transaction) on behalf of an advisory client and retain commissions from one or both parties to the transaction without the advisory client's consent. This is because in a situation where the Advisor is making the investment decision (as opposed to a brokerage client who makes his own investment decisions), and the Advisor or an affiliate is receiving commissions from both sides of the transaction, there is a potential conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities on the Advisor's part regarding the advisory client. The SEC has adopted a rule under the Advisers Act which permits the Advisor or its affiliates to participate on behalf of an Account in agency cross transactions if the advisory client has given written consent in advance. By execution of this Agreement, the Trust authorizes the Advisor or its affiliates to participate in agency cross transactions involving an Account. The Advisor agrees that it will not arrange purchases or sales of securities between a Fund and an Account advised by the Advisor unless (a) the purchase or sale is in accordance with applicable law (including Rule17a-7 under the 1940 Act) and the Trust's policies and procedures, (b) the Advisor determines that the purchase or sale is in the best interests of the applicable Fund, and (c) the Trust's Board of Trustees has approved these types of transactions. The Trust may revoke its consent at any time by written notice to the Advisor.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**7. Expenses.** During the term of this Agreement, each Fund will bear all expenses not expressly assumed by the Advisor incurred in the operation of the Fund and the offering of its shares. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Each Fund shall pay (i) fees payable to the Advisor pursuant to this Agreement; (ii) the cost (including brokerage commissions, transaction fees or charges, if any) incurred in connection with purchases and sales of the Fund's portfolio securities and other investments and any losses in connection therewith; (iii) expenses of organizing the Fund; (iv) filing fees and expenses relating to registering and qualifying and maintaining the registration and qualification of the Fund's shares for sale under federal and state securities laws; (v) the Fund's share of compensation, fees and reimbursements paid to the Trust's non-interested Trustees; (vi) fees or expenses of custodians, transfer agents, registrars, independent pricing vendors or other service providers (except sub-advisors); (vii) legal and accounting expenses, including costs for local representation in the Trust's jurisdiction of organization and fees and expenses of special counsel, if any, for the Trust's non-interested Trustees; (viii) all federal, state and local taxes (including stamp, excise, income and franchise taxes) and the preparation and filing of all returns and reports in connection therewith; (ix) cost of certificates, if any, and delivery to purchasers; (x) expenses of preparing and filing reports with federal and state regulatory authorities; (xi) the Fund's share of expenses of shareholders' meetings, meetings of the Board or any committee thereof, and other meetings of the Trust; (xii) expenses of preparing, printing and distributing proxy statements (unless otherwise agreed to by the Trust and the Advisor); (xiii) costs of any liability, uncollectible items of deposit and other insurance or fidelity bonds; (xiv) any costs, expenses or losses arising out of any liability of or claim for damage or other relief asserted against the Fund for violation of any law; (xv) expenses of preparing, typesetting, printing and distributing prospectuses and statements of additional information and any supplements thereto, and reports, statements, notices and dividends to the Fund's shareholders; (xvi) shareholder servicing fees; (xvii) interest; (xviii) governmental fees; (xix) costs, including interest expenses and loan commitment fees, of borrowing money; (xx) website costs; (xxi) the Fund's share of compensation, fees and expenses of the Trust's chief compliance officer and any employees of the Trust; (xxii) audit fees; and (xxiii) the Fund's share of litigation expenses and any non-recurring or extraordinary expenses as may arise, including, without limitation, expenses relating to the Trust's obligation to indemnify others; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the Advisor shall pay all expenses incurred by it in the performance of its duties under this Agreement, including all costs and expenses of its employees and any overhead incurred in connection with its duties hereunder, and all fees of any sub-advisors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**8. Compensation of the Advisor.** Each Fund agrees to pay to the Advisor and the Advisor agrees to accept as full compensation for all investment advisory services rendered by the Advisor as such, a fee accrued daily and paid monthly in arrears at an annual rate listed in <u>Appendix A</u> with respect to such Fund's average daily net assets. For any period less than a month during which this Agreement is in effect, the fee shall be prorated according to the proportion which such period bears to a full month of 28, 29, 30 or 31 days, as the case may be. The fee payable to the Advisor under this Agreement will be reduced to the extent required by any expense limitation agreement. The Advisor may voluntarily absorb certain Fund expenses or waive all or a portion of its fee at its sole discretion. For purposes of this Agreement, brokerage commissions paid by a Fund upon the purchase or sale of such Fund's portfolio securities shall be considered a cost of securities of such Fund and shall be paid by that Fund.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**9. Advisor's Liability.** The Advisor shall have responsibility for the accuracy and completeness (and liability for the lack thereof) of the statements provided by Advisor to the Trust for use in a Fund's offering materials (including the prospectus, the statement of additional information, and advertising and sales materials). Advisor shall have no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness (or liability for lack thereof) of the statements provided by a Fund's co-administrators or the Trust or another third party for inclusion therein. Advisor will not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by Advisor or by the Trust in connection with the performance of this Agreement, except a loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation for services or a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its duties under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**10. Duration and Termination.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) This Agreement shall become effective as of the date set forth with respect to each Fund under "Effective Date" in Appendix A and, unless sooner terminated with respect to a Fund as provided herein, shall continue in effect for a period of two years as to such Fund. Thereafter, if not terminated, this Agreement shall continue in effect with respect to a Fund for successive periods of 12 months, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by both (a) the vote of a majority of the Trust's Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund at the time outstanding and entitled to vote, and (b) the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any party to this Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be terminated by either party at any time as to a Fund, without the payment of any penalty by a Trust or the Advisor, upon giving the other party 60 days' notice (which notice may be waived by the other party), provided that any such termination by the Trust shall be directed or approved by the vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust in office at the time or by the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting securities of the Fund at the time outstanding and entitled to vote, or by the Advisor on 60 days' written notice (which notice may be waived by the Trust). This Agreement will also immediately terminate in the event of its assignment. (As used in this Agreement, the terms "majority of the outstanding voting securities," "interested person" and "assignment" shall have the same meanings of such terms in the 1940 Act.)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**11. Notices.** Any notice under this Agreement shall be in writing to the other party at such address as the other party may designate from time to time for the receipt of such notice and shall be deemed to be received on the earlier of the date actually received or on the fourth day after the postmark if such notice is mailed first class postage prepaid.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**12. Amendment of this Agreement.** This Agreement may only be amended by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto. Any amendment of this Agreement shall be subject to the 1940 Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**13. Governing Law.** This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware for contracts to be performed entirely therein without reference to choice of law principles thereof and in accordance with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**14. Use of the Names of each Fund.** The Advisor has consented to the use by each Fund of the name or identifying word "AAM" in the name of such Fund. Such consent is conditioned upon the employment of the Advisor as the investment advisor to such Fund. The name or identifying word "AAM" may be used from time to time in other connections and for other purposes by the Advisor and any of its affiliates. The Advisor may require a Fund to cease using "AAM" in the name of such Fund and in connection with such Fund's operations if such Fund ceases to employ, for any reason, the Advisor, any successor thereto or any affiliate thereof as investment advisor.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**15. Additional Limitation of Liability.** The parties hereto are expressly put on notice that a Certificate of Trust, referring to the Trust's Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the "Certificate"), is on file with the Secretary of the State of Delaware. The Certificate was executed by a trustee of the Trust on behalf of the Trust as trustee, and not individually, and, as provided in the Trust's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, the obligations of the Trust are not binding on the Trust's trustees, officers or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Trust, or the particular series in question, as the case may be.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**16. Miscellaneous.** The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby. This Agreement shall be binding on, and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior oral or written agreements (including the initial agreement) with respect to the subject matter hereof.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**17. Counterparts.** This Agreement may be executed in counterparts by the parties hereto, each of which shall constitute an original counterpart, and all of which, together, shall constitute one Agreement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused the foregoing instrument to be executed by their duly authorized officers, all as of the day and the year first above written.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **THE TRUST:**<br>**INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST**<br> **on behalf of each Fund listed on Appendix A**  | **THE TRUST:**<br>**INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST**<br> **on behalf of each Fund listed on Appendix A**  |
| By: |  |
|  | Name: |
|  | Title: |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **THE ADVISOR:** <br> **Advisors Asset Management, Inc.**  | **THE ADVISOR:** <br> **Advisors Asset Management, Inc.**  |
| By: |  |
|  | Name: |
|  | Title: |

---

**Appendix A**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Fund | Advisor Fee | Effective Date |
| AAM/Bahl & Gaynor Income Growth Fund | 0.65% |  |
| AAM/Insight Select Income Fund | 0.38% |  |
| AAM/HIMCO Short Duration Fund | 0.38% |  |
| AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund | 0.65% |  |

---

## Ex-99

**SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT**

**BETWEEN**

**ADVISORS ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.**

**AND PHOCAS FINANCIAL CORPORATION**

**THIS SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT** (the "Agreement") dated as of _________________, is entered into by and between Advisors Asset Management, Inc., (the "Advisor") and Phocas Financial Corporation, a California corporation (the "Sub-advisor").

**WHEREAS**, Advisor has entered into an Investment Advisory Agreement dated February 1, 2023 (as amended from time to time, the "Advisory Agreement") with Investment Managers Series Trust, a Delaware statutory trust, with its principal office and place of business at 235 W. Galena Street, Milwaukee, WI 53212 (the "Trust");

**WHEREAS,** the Trust is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), as an open-end, management investment company and may issue its shares of beneficial interest, no par value, in separate series;

**WHEREAS**, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, and subject to the direction and control of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the "Board"), the Advisor acts as investment advisor for the series of the Trust listed on Appendix A hereto (the "Fund");

**WHEREAS**, the Advisory Agreement permits the Advisor, subject to the supervision of the Board, to delegate certain of its duties under the Advisory Agreement to other registered investment advisors subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act;

**WHEREAS,** it is intended that the Trust be a third-party beneficiary under this Agreement; and

**WHEREAS**, the Advisor desires to retain the Sub-advisor to furnish investment advisory services for the Fund and the Sub-advisor is willing to provide those services on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement;

**NOW THEREFORE**, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the Advisor and the Sub-advisor hereby agree as follows:

**SECTION 1. APPOINTMENT; DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS**

(a) The Advisor hereby appoints and employs the Sub-advisor, on a discretionary basis subject to the supervision of the Board, to manage the investment and reinvestment of the assets of all or a portion of the Fund allocated by the Advisor to the Sub-advisor from time to time (such assets, the "Portfolio") and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, to provide other services as specified herein. The Sub-advisor accepts this appointment and agrees to render its services for the compensation set forth herein.

(b) In connection therewith, the Advisor has delivered to the Sub-advisor copies of (i) the Trust's Declaration of Trust and Bylaws (collectively, as amended from time to time, the "Charter Documents"), (ii) the Trust's current prospectuses and statements of additional information for the Fund (collectively, as currently in effect and as amended or supplemented, the "Registration Statement") filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and the 1940 Act, (iii) each plan of distribution or similar document adopted by the Trust with respect to the Fund under Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (each a "Plan") and each current shareholder service plan or similar document adopted by the Trust with respect to the Fund (each a "Service Plan"); and (iv) all procedures adopted by the Trust with respect to the Fund , and shall promptly furnish the Sub-advisor with all amendments of or supplements to all of the foregoing a reasonable amount of time prior to their effectiveness. The Advisor shall deliver to the Sub-advisor: (x) a copy of the resolution of the Board appointing the Sub-advisor as a sub-advisor to the Fund and authorizing the execution and delivery of this Agreement; (y) a copy of all proxy statements and related materials relating to the Fund; and (z) any other documents, materials or information that the Sub-advisor shall reasonably request to enable it to perform its duties pursuant to this Agreement.

(c) The Sub-advisor has delivered to the Advisor and the Trust (i) a copy of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC; (ii) a copy of its code of ethics complying with the requirements of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act (the "Code"); and (iii) a copy of its compliance manual pursuant to applicable regulations, including its proxy voting policies and procedures, which proxy voting policies and procedures will be included in the Trust's registration statement. The Sub-advisor shall promptly furnish the Advisor and Trust with all amendments of and supplements to the foregoing at least annually.

**SECTION 2. DUTIES OF THE ADVISOR**

In order for the Sub-advisor to perform the services required by this Agreement, the Advisor (i) shall make reasonable efforts to cause all service providers to the Trust to furnish information to the Sub-advisor and assist the Sub-advisor as may be reasonably required and (ii) shall ensure that the Sub-advisor has reasonable access to all records and documents relevant to the Portfolio maintained by the Trust, the Advisor or any service provider to the Trust, and (iii) shall deliver to the Sub-advisor copies of all material relevant to the Sub-advisor or the Portfolio that the Advisor provides to the Board in accordance with the Advisory Agreement.

**SECTION 3. DUTIES OF THE SUB-ADVISOR**

(a) The Sub-advisor will make decisions with respect to all purchases and sales of securities and other investment assets in the Portfolio, and will vote all proxies for securities and exercise all other voting rights with respect to such securities in accordance with the Sub-Advisor's written proxy voting policies and procedures, in each case to the extent such authority is delegated by the Advisor. In making purchases and sales of securities and other investment assets for the Portfolio, the Sub-advisor will act in accordance with the policies and procedures set from time to time by the Board as well as the limitations imposed by the Charter Documents and Registration Statement, the limitations in the 1940 Act, the Securities Act, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, any other limitations as the Advisor may from time to time impose by written notice to the Sub-advisor, and other applicable laws and the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of the Fund to the extent that such investment objectives, policies and restrictions are provided to the Sub-advisor. The Advisor, the Fund and/or the Trust shall remain responsible for ensuring the Fund's and the Trust's overall compliance with the 1940 Act and all other applicable federal and state laws and regulations and the Sub-advisor only shall be obligated to comply with the foregoing with respect to the Portfolio. To carry out such decisions, the Sub-advisor is hereby authorized, as agent and attorney-in-fact for the Trust, for the account of, at the risk of and in the name of the Trust, to place orders and issue instructions with respect to those transactions of the Portfolio. In all purchases, sales and other transactions in securities and other investments for the Portfolio, the Sub-advisor is authorized to exercise full discretion and act for the Trust in the same manner and with the same force and effect as the Trust might or could do with respect to such purchases, sales or other transactions, as well as with respect to all other things necessary or incidental to the furtherance or conduct of such purchases, sales or other transactions, such as proxy voting with respect to the securities of the Portfolio. Sub-advisor shall promptly communicate to the Advisor and the Board such information relating to the portfolio transactions as are requested.

(b) Where Sub-advisor allocates brokerage on behalf of the Fund, Sub-advisor shall select broker-dealers that will implement the policy of the Fund to obtain the best price and execution for securities. Except to the extent permitted under Rule 17a-7 under the 1940 Act, or under any no-action letter or exemptive order issued to the Trust or the Fund by the SEC, Sub-advisor agrees that it will not purchase or sell securities for the Fund in any transaction in which (a) it, or any affiliated person of it is acting as principal, and (b) the Advisor or any affiliated person of the Advisor, the Trust or the Fund that has been identified as such in writing to the Sub-advisor by the Advisor is acting as principal. Sub-advisor agrees that any transactions effected under Rule 17a-7 shall comply with the then-effective procedures adopted under such rule by the Board.

(c) Sub-advisor agrees that it will not execute any portfolio transactions for the Portfolio with a broker-dealer which is an "affiliated person" of the Trust, the Fund, the Advisor or Sub-advisor or an "affiliated person" of such an "affiliated person" without the prior written consent of the Advisor, provided, however, that the foregoing prohibition only shall apply to "affiliated persons" of the Trust, the Fund or the Advisor to the extent the "affiliated person" has been identified as such in writing to the Sub-advisor by the Advisor. In effecting such transactions, the Sub-advisor shall comply with Section 17(e)(1) of the 1940 Act and the then-effective procedures adopted under such rule by the Board that have been furnished to the Sub-advisor.

(d) The Sub-advisor may allocate brokerage on behalf of the Fund and cause the Fund to pay an amount of commission to broker-dealers who provide brokerage or research services to the Sub-advisor consistent with Section 28(e) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Sub-advisor may aggregate sales and purchase orders of the assets of the Portfolio with similar orders being made simultaneously for other accounts advised by the Sub-advisor or its affiliates. Whenever the Sub-advisor simultaneously places orders to purchase or sell the same asset on behalf of the Portfolio and one or more other accounts advised by the Sub-advisor, the Sub-advisor will allocate the order as to price and amount among all such accounts in a manner believed to be equitable over time to each account.

(e) The Sub-advisor will report to the Board at each meeting thereof as requested by the Advisor or the Board all material changes in the Portfolio since the prior report and will also keep the Board and the Advisor informed of material developments affecting the Portfolio. The Sub-advisor will also furnish the Board and the Advisor with such statistical and analytical information with respect to investments of the Portfolio as the Board reasonably may request.

(f) The Sub-advisor will from time to time employ or associate with such persons as the Sub-advisor believes to be particularly fitted to assist in the execution of the Sub-advisor's duties hereunder, the cost of performance of such duties to be borne and paid by the Sub-advisor. No obligation may be incurred on the Trust's or Advisor's behalf in any such respect.

(g) The Sub-advisor will report to the Board and the Advisor all material matters related to the Sub-advisor, including without limitation full copies of all letters received by the Sub-advisor during the term of this Agreement from the staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission regarding its examination of the activities of the Sub-advisor, and any response from the Sub-advisor. On an annual basis, the Sub-advisor shall report on its compliance with its Code and its compliance policies and procedures to the Advisor and to the Board and upon the written request of the Advisor or the Trust, the Sub-advisor shall permit the Advisor and the Trust, or their respective representatives to examine the reports required to be made by or to the Sub-advisor under the Code and its compliance policies and procedures at mutually agreed upon times during its normal business hours. The Sub-advisor will notify the Advisor and the Trust in writing of any change of control of the Sub-advisor any changes in the key personnel who are either the portfolio manager(s) of the Portfolio or senior management of the Sub-advisor at least ninety (90) days prior to any such changes (or, where such information is not known to Sub-advisor ninety (90) days prior to any such changes, promptly after such information becomes known to Sub-advisor).

(h) The Sub-advisor will maintain records relating to its portfolio transactions and placing and allocation of brokerage orders as are required to be maintained by the Trust under the 1940 Act. The Sub-advisor shall prepare and maintain, or cause to be prepared and maintained, in such form, for such periods and in such locations as may be required by applicable law, all documents and records relating to the services provided by the Sub-advisor pursuant to this Agreement required to be prepared and maintained by the Sub-advisor or the Trust pursuant to applicable law. To the extent required by law, the books and records pertaining to the Trust, which are in possession of the Sub-advisor, shall be the property of the Trust; provided, however, that the Sub-advisor shall be entitled to retain and use copies of all such books and records to satisfy its obligations under applicable law. The Advisor and the Trust, or their respective representatives, shall have access to such books and records during the Sub-advisor's normal business hours upon reasonable notice. Upon the reasonable request of the Advisor or the Trust, copies of any such books and records shall be provided promptly by the Sub-advisor to the Advisor and the Trust, or their respective representatives.

(i) The Sub-advisor will cooperate with the Fund's independent public registered accounting firm and shall take reasonable action to make all necessary information available to the accounting firm for the performance of the accounting firm's duties during the Sub-advisor's normal business hours at a mutually agreed upon time.

(j) The Sub-advisor will provide the Fund's custodian and fund accountant on each business day with such information relating to all transactions concerning the Portfolio's assets under the Sub-advisor's control as the custodian and fund accountant may reasonably require. In accordance with procedures adopted by the Board, the Sub-advisor is responsible for assisting in the fair valuation of all Portfolio assets and will use its reasonable efforts to arrange for the provision of prices from parties who are not affiliated persons of the Sub-advisor for each asset for which the Fund's fund accountant does not obtain prices in the ordinary course of business.

(k) The Sub-advisor shall have no duties or obligations pursuant to this Agreement during any period in which the Fund invests all (or substantially all) of its investment assets in a registered, open-end management investment company, or separate series thereof, in accordance with Section 12(d)(1)(E) under the 1940 Act and no asset are allocated to the Sub-advisor for management, pursuant to the instruction of the Advisor and of the Trust's Board of Trustees.

(l) For the purpose of complying with Rule 10f-3, Rule 12d3-1 and Rule 17a-10 under the 1940 Act and any other applicable rule or regulation, the Sub-advisor will not, with respect to transactions in securities or other assets for the Portfolio, consult with any other sub-advisor to the Fund or any other series of the Trust.

**SECTION 4. COMPENSATION; EXPENSES**

(a) In consideration of the foregoing, the Advisor shall pay the Sub-advisor, with respect to the Fund, a fee as specified in Appendix B hereto. Such fees shall be accrued by the Advisor daily and shall be payable monthly in arrears on the first business day of each calendar month for services performed hereunder during the prior calendar month. If fees begin to accrue in the middle of a month or if this Agreement terminates before the end of any month, all fees for the period from that date to the end of that month or from the beginning of that month to the date of termination, as the case may be, shall be prorated according to the proportion that the period bears to the full month in which the effectiveness or termination occurs. Upon the termination of this Agreement with respect to the Fund, the Advisor shall pay to the Sub-advisor such compensation as shall be payable prior to the effective date of termination.

(b) During the term of this Agreement, the Sub-advisor will pay all expenses incurred by it in connection with its activities under this Agreement other than the cost of securities and other investments (including brokerage commissions and other transaction charges, if any) purchased for the Portfolio. Except as set forth in Appendix B, the Sub-advisor shall not be responsible for the Trust's, the Fund's or the Advisor's expenses, including any extraordinary and non-recurring expenses.

(c) No fee shall be payable hereunder with respect to the Fund during any period in which the Fund invests all (or substantially all) of its investment assets in a registered, open-end, management investment company, or separate series thereof, in accordance with Section 12(d)(1)(E) under the 1940 Act and no assets are allocated to the Sub-advisor for management, pursuant to the instruction of the Advisor and of the Trust's Board of Trustees.

**SECTION 5. STANDARD OF CARE**

(a) The Advisor shall expect of the Sub-advisor, and the Sub-advisor will give the Advisor and the Trust the benefit of, the Sub-advisor's best judgment and efforts in rendering its services hereunder. The Advisor understands the risk involved in the investment mandate of the Fund and further understands that there can be no assurance that the investment objectives of the Fund are achieved. The Sub-advisor shall not be liable to the Advisor or the Trust hereunder for any mistake of judgment or in any event whatsoever, provided that nothing herein shall be deemed to protect, or purport to protect, the Sub-advisor against any liability to the Advisor or the Trust to which the Sub-advisor would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of the Sub-advisor's duties hereunder, or by reason of the Sub-advisor's reckless disregard of its obligations and duties hereunder.

(b) The Sub-advisor shall not be liable to the Advisor or the Trust for any action taken or failure to act in good faith reliance upon: (i) information, instructions or requests, whether oral or written, with respect to the Fund made to the Sub-advisor by a duly authorized officer of the Advisor or the Trust; (ii) the advice of counsel to the Trust; or (iii) any written instruction or certified copy of any resolution of the Board.

(c) The Sub-advisor shall not be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in performance of its obligations under this Agreement arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its reasonable control including, without limitation, acts of civil or military authority, national emergencies, labor difficulties (other than those related to the Sub-advisor's employees), fire, mechanical breakdowns, flood or catastrophe, acts of God, insurrection, war, riots or failure of the mails, transportation, communication or power supply.

(d) The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that the Trust is a third-party beneficiary as to the covenants, obligations, representations and warranties undertaken by the Sub-advisor under this Agreement and as to the rights and privileges to which the Advisor is entitled pursuant to this Agreement, and that the Trust is entitled to all of the rights and privileges associated with such third-party-beneficiary status.

**SECTION 6. EFFECTIVENESS, DURATION AND TERMINATION**

(a) This Agreement shall become effective with respect to the Fund as of the date hereof; provided, however, that the Agreement has been approved by (i) the vote of a majority of the Trust's Board of Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, and, in either case, (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trust's Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party (other than as trustees of the Trust), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.

(b) This Agreement shall remind in effect with respect to the Fund for a period of two years from the date of its effectiveness and shall continue In effect for successive annual period with respect to the Fund; provided that which continuance is specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of a majority of the Trust's Board of Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, and, in either case, (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trust's Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party (other than as trustees of the Trust), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval

(c) This Agreement may be terminated with respect to the Fund at any time, without the payment of any penalty, (i) by the Board, by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, by the Advisor, in each case, on 60 days' written notice to the Sub-advisor or (ii) by the Sub-advisor on 60 days' written notice to the Trust. This Agreement shall terminate immediately (x) upon its assignment or (y) upon termination of the Advisory Agreement.

**SECTION 7. ACTIVITIES OF THE SUB-ADVISOR**

Except to the extent necessary to perform its obligations hereunder, nothing herein shall be deemed to limit or restrict the Sub-advisor's right, or the right of any of the Sub-advisor's directors, officers or employees to engage in any other business or to devote time and attention to the management or other aspects of any other business, whether of a similar or dissimilar nature, or to render services of any kind to any other corporation, trust, firm, individual or association.

**SECTION 8. REPRESENTATIONS OF SUB-ADVISOR AND ADVISOR.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The
Sub-advisor represents, warrants and agrees that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) It
is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the "Advisers Act")
(and will continue to be so registered for so long as this Agreement remains in effect);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) It
is not prohibited by the 1940 Act or the Advisers Act from performing the services contemplated by this Agreement;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) It
is either registered as a commodity trading advisor or duly exempt from such registration with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading
Commission ("CFTC"), and will continue to be so registered or exempt for so long as this Agreement remains in effect
or, alternatively, will become a commodity trading advisor duly registered with the CFTC and will be a member in good standing
with the National Futures Association.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) It
has met, and will seek to continue to meet for so long as this Agreement remains in effect, any other applicable federal or state
requirements, or the applicable requirements of any self-regulatory agency, necessary to be met in order to perform the services
contemplated by this Agreement;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) It
will promptly notify the Advisor and the Trust of the occurrence of any event that would disqualify the Sub-advisor from serving
as an investment adviser to an investment company pursuant to Section 9 of the 1940 Act or any other applicable statute or regulation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vi) It
will maintain, keep current and preserve on behalf of the Fund in the manner provided by the 1940 Act all records required by
the 1940 Act with respect to Sub-advisor's activities hereunder. Sub-advisor agrees that such records are the property of
the Trust and will be surrendered to the Trust promptly upon request, provided that the Sub-advisor may retain copies of such
records in order to comply with applicable law;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vii) It
will complete such reports concerning purchases or sales of securities on behalf of the Fund as the Advisor may from time to time
require to document compliance with the 1940 Act, the Advisers Act, the Internal Revenue Code and other applicable laws; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(viii) After
filing with the SEC any amendment to its Form ADV, Sub-advisor will promptly furnish a copy to the Advisor.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The
Advisor represents, warrants and agrees that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) It
is registered as an investment advisor under the Advisers Act and will continue to be registered for so long as this Agreement
remains in effect;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) It
is not prohibited by the 1940 Act of the Advisers Act from performing the services contemplated by the Agreement;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) It
has met, and will seek to continue to meet for so long as this Agreement remains in effect, any other applicable federal or state
requirements, or the applicable requirements of any self-regulatory agency, necessary to be met in order to perform the services
contemplated by this Agreement; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) It
will promptly notify the Sub-advisor and the Trust of the occurrence of any event that would disqualify the Advisor from serving
as an investment advisor to an investment company pursuant to Section 9 of the 1940 Acts or any other applicable statute or regulation.

**SECTION 9. LIMITATION OF SHAREHOLDER AND TRUSTEE LIABILITY**

The Trustees of the Trust and the shareholders of the Fund shall not be liable for any obligations of the Trust or of the Fund under this Agreement, and the Sub-advisor agrees that, in asserting any rights or claims under this Agreement, it shall look only to the assets and property of the Trust or the Fund to which the Sub-advisor's rights or claims relate in settlement of such rights or claims, and not to the Trustees of the Trust or the shareholders of the Fund.

**SECTION 10. USE OF NAME**

The Sub-advisor has consented to the use by AAM and the Fund of the name or identifying word "Phocas" in the name of the Fund. Such consent is conditioned upon the employment of the Sub-advisor as an investment adviser to the Fund. The name or identifying word "Phocas" is used for other purposes by the Sub-advisor and its affiliates. If the Fund ceases to employ, for any reason, the Sub-advisor, any successor thereto or any affiliate thereof as an investment adviser, the Fund shall cease using "Phocas" in the name of the Fund and in connection with the Fund's operations.

**SECTION 11. MISCELLANEOUS**

(a) No provisions of this Agreement may be amended or modified in any manner except by a written agreement properly authorized and executed by both parties hereto and approved by the Trust in the manner set forth in Section 6(b) hereof.

(b) Neither party to this Agreement shall be liable to the other party for consequential damages under any provision of this Agreement.

(c) This Agreement shall be governed by, and the provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and interpreted under and in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware.

(d) This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto and supersedes any prior agreement with respect to the subject matter hereof, whether oral or written.

(e) This Agreement may be executed by the parties hereto on any number of counterparts, and all of the counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.

(f) If any part, term or provision of this Agreement is held to be illegal, in conflict with any law or otherwise invalid, the remaining portion or portions shall be considered severable and shall not be affected, and the rights and obligations of the parties shall be construed and enforced as if the Agreement did not contain the particular part, term or provision held to be illegal or invalid. This Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by both the Advisor and Sub-advisor and no presumptions shall arise favoring any party by virtue of authorship of any provision of this Agreement.

(g) Section headings in this Agreement are included for convenience only and are not to be used to construe or interpret this Agreement.

(h) Notices, requests, instructions and communications received by the parties at their respective principal places of business, or at such other address as a party may have designated in writing, shall be deemed to have been properly given.

(i) No affiliated person, employee, agent, director, officer or manager of the Sub-advisor shall be liable at law or in equity for the Sub-advisor's obligations under this Agreement.

(j) The terms "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities", "interested person", "affiliated person," "control" and "assignment" shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the 1940 Act.

(k) The Sub-advisor is for all purposes herein deemed to be an independent contractor and shall, unless otherwise expressly provided herein or authorized, have no authority to act for or represent the Advisor in any way.

(l) Each of the undersigned warrants and represents that he or she has full power and authority to sign this Agreement on behalf of the party indicated and that his or her signature will bind the party indicated to the terms hereof and each party hereto warrants and represents that this Agreement, when executed and delivered, will constitute a legal, valid and binding obligation of the party, enforceable against the party in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies of creditors and secured parties.

**IN WITNESS WHEREOF,** the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.

---

| |
|:---|
| **ADVISORS ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.** |
| Name: |
| Title: |
| **PHOCAS FINANCIAL CORPORATION** |
| Name: |
| Title: |

---

**Appendix A**

**Series of the Trust:**

<u>Fund</u> <u>Effective Date</u> <br> AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund

**Appendix B**

**Fees and Expenses:**

## Ex-99

**INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST**

**OPERATING EXPENSES LIMITATION AGREEMENT**

THIS OPERATING EXPENSES LIMITATION AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") dated as of _________________, by and between **INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST**, a Delaware statutory trust (the "Trust"), on behalf of its series listed in Appendix A, as amended from time to time (each, a "Fund"), and the investment advisor of the Funds, Advisors Asset Management, Inc. (the "Advisor").

**WITNESSETH:**

WHEREAS, the Advisor renders advice and services to each Fund pursuant to the terms and provisions of an Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust and the Advisor dated _____________ (the "Investment Advisory Agreement"); and

WHEREAS, each Fund is responsible for, and has assumed the obligation for, payment of certain expenses of such Fund pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement that have not been assumed by the Advisor; and

WHEREAS, the Advisor desires to limit the Operating Expenses (as defined in Paragraph 2 herein) of each Fund (or as applicable each class of each Fund set forth in Appendix A (each a "Class")), for the Expense Limitation Period (as defined in Paragraph 2 herein) pursuant to the terms and provisions of this Agreement, and the Trust (on behalf of each Fund) desires to allow the Advisor to implement those limits;

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, the parties, intended to be legally bound hereby, mutually agree as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. <u>Limit on Operating Expenses.</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. The
Advisor hereby agrees to waive investment advisory fees payable to it by a Fund and/or absorb expenses of a Fund to the extent
the Fund's total annual expenses exceed such Fund's Annual Limit (defined below). The "Annual Limit" with
respect to each share class of each Fund shall mean the amount of Operating Expenses with respect to such shares of such Fund
expressed as a percentage of such Fund's average annual daily net asset value, listed in <u>Appendix A</u>. In the event
that the current Operating Expenses for a class of a Fund, as accrued each month, exceed such class' Annual Limit, the Advisor
will waive all or a portion of its investment advisory fee payable to it by such Fund and/or reimburse such Fund, on a monthly
basis, to the extent of any such excess expense within 30 days of being notified that such excess Operating Expenses have been
incurred.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. <u>Definition.</u> For purposes of this Agreement, with respect to each Fund (and each Class of shares thereof):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. The
term "Operating Expenses" is defined to include all expenses necessary or appropriate for the operation of the Fund
(or Class, as applicable), including the Advisor's investment advisory or management fee detailed in the Investment Advisory
Agreement and any Rule 12b-1 fees and other expenses described in the Investment Advisory Agreement, but does not include taxes,
leverage interest, brokerage commissions, dividend and interest expenses on short sales, acquired fund fees and expenses (as determined
in accordance with SEC Form N-1A), expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, or extraordinary expenses
such as litigation expenses.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. For
each Fund, the term "Expense Limitation Period" is defined as nine (9) fiscal years and four (4) months following
the Fund's current fiscal year end, as adjusted pursuant to Paragraph 4 hereof.

**Page 1**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. <u>Reimbursement of Fees and Expenses.</u> Except for AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund, any fee waivers or payments to a Fund by the Advisor (with respect to a Class, as applicable) (each a "Subsidy") pursuant to this Agreement are subject to reimbursement by the Fund (or Class, as applicable) to the Advisor for a period ending three (3) full fiscal years after the date of the Subsidy, if so requested by the Advisor. With respect to AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund, any fee waivers or payments to the Fund by the Advisor (with respect to a Class, as applicable) (each a "Subsidy") pursuant to this Agreement are subject to reimbursement by the Fund (or Class, as applicable) to the Advisor for a period ending three years after the date of the Subsidy, if so requested by the Advisor. The reimbursement may be paid by the Fund (or Class, as applicable) if the current aggregate amount of the Fund's (or Class') Operating Expenses for the fiscal year in which the request for reimbursement is made, taking into account the reimbursement, does not exceed the Annual Limit in place at the time of the Subsidy or the current limitation on the Fund's (or Class') Operating Expenses, if less. In no case will the reimbursement amount exceed the total amount of Subsidies made by the Advisor with respect to a Fund (or Class, as applicable) pursuant to this Agreement and no reimbursement will include any amounts previously reimbursed. No reimbursement may be paid prior to the Fund's payment of current Operating Expenses. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the provisions of this Paragraph 3 shall survive the termination of this Agreement, provided that the Investment Advisory Agreement has not been terminated. In such event, the Annual Limits for purposes of this Paragraph 3 shall continue to be the amounts listed in Appendix A.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. <u>Term.</u> This Agreement shall become effective with respect to each Fund (or Class, as applicable), on the date specified in Appendix A (the "Effective Date") and shall remain in effect through the end of the Expense Limitation Period; provided, however, that at the end of each fiscal year during the Expense Limitation Period, the Expense Limitation Period shall be increased by an additional one-year period; and provided further that this Agreement may be sooner terminated as provided in Paragraph 5 of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. <u>Termination.</u> This Agreement may be terminated at any time with respect to any Fund or Class, and without payment of any penalty, by the Board of Trustees of the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, upon sixty (60) days' written notice to the Advisor. This Agreement may be terminated by the Advisor with respect to any Fund or Class, effective at the end of its then current term, without payment of any penalty upon at least sixty (60) days' written notice prior to the end of any Expense Limitation Period of the Fund, subject to the consent of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This Agreement will automatically terminate with respect to any Fund listed in Appendix A, if the Investment Advisory Agreement for that Fund is terminated, with such termination effective upon the effective date of the Investment Advisory Agreement's termination for that Fund.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. <u>Assignment.</u> This Agreement and all rights and obligations hereunder may not be assigned without the written consent of the other party.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. <u>Severability.</u> If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute or rule, or shall be otherwise rendered invalid, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8. <u>Governing Law</u>. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware without giving effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof, provided that nothing herein shall be construed to preempt, or to be inconsistent with, any federal law, regulation or rule, including the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, and any rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. <u>Notice</u>. Any notice under this Agreement shall be in writing to the other party at such address as the other party may designate from time to time for the receipt of such notice and shall be deemed to be received on the earlier of the date actually received or on the fourth day after the postmark if such notice is mailed first class postage prepaid.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. <u>Miscellaneous</u>. The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delimit any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect. This Agreement shall be binding on, and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors. This agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and superseded all prior oral or written agreements (including the initial agreement) with respect to the subject matter hereof.

**Page 2**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11. <u>Counterparts</u>. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts by the parties hereto, each of which shall constitute an original counterpart, and all of which, together shall constitute one Agreement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed and attested by their duly authorized officers, all on the day and year first above written.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **INVESTMENT MANAGERS SERIES TRUST** | **ADVISORS ASSET MANAGEMENT, INC.** |
| By: | By:<u> </u> |
| Print Name: | Print Name: |
| Title:<u> </u> | Title: |

---

**Page 3**

**Appendix A** 

_______________, _________

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Fund (and Class, as applicable) | Annual Operating Expense Limit | Effective Date |
| AAM/Bahl & Gaynor Income Growth Fund |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class A | 1.08% | ______________ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class C | 1.83% | ______________ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class I | 0.83% | ______________ |
| AAM/Insight Select Income Fund |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class A | 0.85% | ______________ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class Y | 0.50% | ______________ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class C | 1.60% | ______________ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class I | 0.60% | ______________ |
| AAM/HIMCO Short Duration Fund |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class A | 0.84% | ______________ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class C | 1.59% | ______________ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class I | 0.59% | ______________ |
| AAM/Phocas Real Estate Fund |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class A | 1.15% | ______________ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class C | 1.90% | ______________ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class I | 0.90% | ______________ |

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**Page 4**