# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001403708
**File Stem:** 0001193125-25-321801
**Filing Date:** 2025-12
**Character Count:** 71366
**Document Hash:** 451c1634c88f1eb8ced7f4e2f841cca9
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001193125-25-321801.hdr.sgml**: 20251217

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001193125-25-321801

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 14

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20251217

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard; Transfer of Listing

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Material Modifications to Rights of Security Holders

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Changes in Control of Registrant

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Financial Statements and Exhibits

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251217

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20251217

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Evoke Pharma Inc
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001403708
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 03 Life Sciences
- **EIN:** 208447886
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-36075
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251577387

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 420 STEVENS AVENUE
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 230
- **CITY:** SOLANA BEACH
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 92075
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 858-345-1494

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 420 STEVENS AVENUE
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 230
- **CITY:** SOLANA BEACH
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 92075

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? 8-K

### UNITED STATES

### SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

#### Washington, D.C. 20549

### FORM 8-K

#### CURRENT REPORT

#### Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

#### of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

#### Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): December 17, 2025

## EVOKE PHARMA, INC.

#### (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **001-36075** | **20-8447886** |
| **(State or other jurisdiction of**<br> **incorporation or organization)** | **(Commission**<br> **File Number)** | **(IRS Employer**<br> **Identification No.)** |

---

#### 420 Stevens Avenue, Suite 230

#### Solana Beach, California 92075

#### (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(858) 345-1494

#### (Registrant's telephone number, include area code)

#### N/A

#### (Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading**<br> **Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange**<br> **on which registered** |
| Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share | EVOK | The Nasdaq Stock Market |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 2.01** | **Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets.**  |

---

As previously disclosed, Evoke Pharma, Inc. (the "Company") entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement"), with QOL Medical, LLC ("Parent") and Parent's wholly owned subsidiary, QOL-EOS Merger Sub, Inc. ("Merger Sub"), on November 3, 2025.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, and upon the terms and subject to the conditions thereof, on November 17, 2025, Merger Sub commenced a tender offer (the "Offer") to purchase all of the outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the "Company Shares"), for $11.00 in cash per Company Share, without interest and subject to any withholding of taxes required by applicable legal requirements (the "Offer Price").

The Offer and related withdrawal rights expired as scheduled at one minute after 11:59 p.m., New York time, on December 15, 2025 (such date and time, the "Expiration Time"), and the Offer was not extended. Parent and Merger Sub were advised by Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, LLC, the depositary for the Offer, that, as of the Expiration Time, a total of 1,164,862 Company Shares had been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn pursuant to the Offer, representing approximately 67.63% of the outstanding Company Shares as of the Expiration Time. As of the Expiration Time, the number of Company Shares validly tendered and not validly withdrawn pursuant to the Offer satisfied the Minimum Condition (as defined in the Merger Agreement), and all other conditions to the Offer were satisfied. Promptly after the expiration of the Offer, Parent and Merger Sub accepted all Company Shares validly tendered and not validly withdrawn pursuant to the Offer and will promptly pay for all Company Shares accepted pursuant to the Offer. Parent completed the acquisition of the Company on December 17, 2025, by causing Merger Sub to merge with and into the Company (the "Merger") pursuant to the Merger Agreement without a vote of the Company stockholders in accordance with Section 251(h) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"). At the effective time of the Merger (the "Effective Time"), Merger Sub was merged with and into the Company, the separate existence of Merger Sub ceased and the Company continued as a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (the "Surviving Corporation"). At the Effective Time, each Company Share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than Company Shares (i) owned by the Company, Parent, Merger Sub or any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Parent or Merger Sub prior to the Effective Time, (ii) irrevocably accepted for payment pursuant to the Offer, or (iii) held by any stockholder who is entitled to demand and has properly and validly demanded their statutory right of appraisal of such Company Shares in accordance with, and in compliance in all respects with, Section 262 of the DGCL) was automatically cancelled and extinguished and converted into the right to receive an amount in cash equal to the Offer Price, without interest and subject to any applicable withholding tax.

In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, each option to purchase Company Shares (each, a "Company Option") that was outstanding as of immediately prior to the Effective Time, accelerated and became fully vested, and each Company Option that was outstanding and unexercised immediately prior to the Effective Time was by virtue of the Merger automatically canceled and terminated and converted into the right to receive from the Surviving Corporation an amount in cash (without interest), if any, equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) the aggregate number of Company Shares underlying such Company Option immediately prior to the Effective Time, by (ii) an amount equal to the Offer Price, less the per share exercise price of such Company Option.

In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, at the Effective Time, each warrant to purchase or otherwise acquire Company Shares (each, a "Company Warrant) that was outstanding and unexercised as of immediately prior to the Effective Time with a per share exercise price less than the Offer Price ceased to represent a right to acquire Company Shares and converted into an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying (i) the aggregate number of Company Shares underlying such Company Warrant immediately prior to the Effective Time, by (ii) an amount equal to the Offer Price, *less* the exercise price payable per Company Share under such Company Warrant. The foregoing did not apply to any holders of Company Warrants that elected to receive the Black Scholes Value (as defined in the applicable Company Warrants) in accordance with their Company Warrants or to any Company Warrant that elected a cashless exercise of such Company Warrant prior to the Effective Time. Each holder of a Company Warrant with an exercise price equal to or greater than the Offer Price did not receive any consideration with respect to such Company Warrant.

------

The foregoing description of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Merger Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") by the Company on November 4, 2025 and is incorporated by reference herein.

The information set forth in Items 5.01 and 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.01.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 3.01** | **Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard; Transfer of Listing.**  |

---

The information set forth in Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.01.

In connection with the consummation of the Offer and the Merger, the Company notified The Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") of the consummation of the Merger and requested that Nasdaq file with the SEC a notification of removal from listing and/or registration on Form 25 to effect the delisting of all Company Shares from Nasdaq and the deregistration of such Company Shares under Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Nasdaq is expected to file the Form 25 with the SEC on December 17, 2025 and trading of Company Shares is expected to be suspended effective prior to the open of trading on December 17, 2025. The Company intends to file a certification and notice of termination of registration on Form 15 with the SEC requesting the termination of registration of the Company Shares under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act and the suspension of reporting obligations under Section 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act with respect to the Company Shares.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 3.03** | **Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders.**  |

---

The information set forth under Items 2.01, 3.01, 5.01, and 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.03.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 5.01** | **Changes in Control of Registrant.**  |

---

The information set forth under Items 2.01, 5.02, and 5.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.01.

As a result of the completion of the Offer and the subsequent completion of the Merger, a change of control of the Company occurred and the Company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent. Parent obtained the funds necessary to fund the acquisition through a variety of sources, including cash on hand.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 5.02** | **Departure of Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.**  |

---

The information set forth in Item 2.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.02.

In connection with the consummation of the Merger, each of Cam L. Garner, Matthew J. D'Onofrio, Todd C. Brady, M.D., Ph.D., Malcolm R. Hill, Pharm.D., Greg Pyszczymuka, Vickie W. Reed, Benjamin Smeal and Kenneth J. Widder, M.D. ceased to be members of the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Company Board") and ceased to be members of any committees of the Company Board on which such directors served, effective as of the Effective Time. On December 17, 2025, in connection with the consummation of the Merger, the directors of Merger Sub became the directors of the Surviving Corporation in lieu of the Company's existing directors.

In connection with the consummation of the Merger, each of Matthew J. D'Onofrio, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, Mark Kowieski, the Company's Chief Financial Officer, and Marilyn R. Carlson, D.M.D., M.D., the Company's Chief Medical Officer, ceased serving in their respective officer positions and their employment with the Company will terminate effective December 18, 2025.

------

On November 3, 2025, concurrently with the signing of the Merger Agreement, each of Matthew J. D'Onofrio, Mark Kowieski, and Marilyn R. Carlson, D.M.D., M.D. (each, an "Executive") entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with the Company (collectively, the "A&R Employment Agreements"). In connection with such cessation of employment and in exchange for the execution of a general release of claims in favor of the Company, each Executive is eligible to receive the severance described in their A&R Employment Agreements, subject to any cutback provided thereunder to avoid the imposition of excise taxes Section 280G of the Code. As previously disclosed, each Executive will continue to provide transition services to the Company pursuant to his or her Transition Services Agreement previously entered into with the Company.

Also in connection with the consummation of the Merger, each officer of the Merger Sub immediately prior to the Effective Time became an officer of the Surviving Corporation.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 5.03** | **Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.**  |

---

Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, on December 17, 2025, the Company's certificate of incorporation and bylaws were each amended and restated in their entirety and became the certificate of incorporation and bylaws of the Surviving Corporation. Copies of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws are attached as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2, respectively, to this Current Report on Form 8-K and are incorporated herein by reference.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 9.01** | **Financial Statements and Exhibits.**  |

---

(d) Exhibits.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit<br>No.** | **Description of Exhibit** |
| 2.1 | [Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated November 3, 2025, by and among QOL Medical, LLC, QOL-EOS Merger Sub, Inc. and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 on the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 4, 2025).\*](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1403708/000119312525263544/d48107dex21.htm) |
| 3.1 | [Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Evoke Pharma, Inc. (filed herewith).](d81175dex31.htm) |
| 3.2 | [Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Evoke Pharma, Inc. (filed herewith).](d81175dex32.htm) |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |

---

\* Certain exhibits, annexes and schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the omitted exhibits, annexes and schedules upon request by the SEC; provided, however, that the Company may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Exchange Act for any annexes or schedules so furnished. 

------

#### SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Date: December 17, 2025

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| EEVOKE PHARMA, INC. | EEVOKE PHARMA, INC. |
| By: | /s/ Matthew J. D'Onofrio |
|  | Name: Matthew J. D'Onofrio |
|  | Title: Chief Executive Officer and Director |

---

## Exhibit 3.1

**Exhibit 3.1** 

**THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED** 

**CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION** 

**OF** 

**Evoke Pharma, Inc.** 

**<u>ARTICLE I</u>.** 

The name of the corporation is Evoke Pharma, Inc. (the "<u>Corporation</u>").

**<u>ARTICLE II</u>.** 

The address of the Corporation's registered office in the State of Delaware is Brandywine Plaza, 1521 Concord Pike, Suite 201, Wilmington, Delaware 19803 in the County of New Castle. The name of its registered agent at such address is Corporate Creations Network, Inc.

**<u>ARTICLE III</u>.** 

The nature of the business or purposes to be conducted or promoted is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the "<u>DGCL</u>").

**<u>ARTICLE IV</u>.** 

The total number of shares of all classes of stock that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 10,000, which shall be designated common stock, par value $0.001 per share.

**<u>ARTICLE V</u>.** 

In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the board of directors of the Corporation (the "<u>Board of Directors</u>") is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal the by-laws of the Corporation; <u>provided</u> <u>that</u> any by-law adopted or amended by the Board of Directors, and any powers thereby conferred, may be amended, altered or repealed by the stockholders.

**<u>ARTICLE VI</u>.** 

Meetings of stockholders may be held within or outside of the State of Delaware, as the by-laws of the Corporation may provide. The books of the Corporation may be kept outside the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or in the by-laws of the Corporation. Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the by-laws of the Corporation so provide.

**<u>ARTICLE VII</u>.** 

The Corporation shall have the right, subject to any express provisions or restrictions contained in this Certificate of Incorporation or the by-laws of the Corporation, from time to time, to amend or amend and restate this Certificate of Incorporation or any provision hereof in any manner now or hereafter provided by law, and all rights and powers of any kind conferred upon a director or stockholder of the Corporation by this Certificate of Incorporation or any amendment or amendment

------

and restatement thereof are conferred subject to such right.

**<u>ARTICLE VIII</u>.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) To the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL, as the same exists or as may hereafter be amended, a director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. If the DGCL is amended after approval by the stockholders of this Article VIII to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors, then the liability of a director of the Corporation shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL as so amended.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) The Corporation may indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law any person made or threatened to be made a party to an action or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he or she, or his or her testator or intestate is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or any predecessor of the Corporation, or serves or served at any other enterprise as a director, officer, employee or agent at the request of the Corporation or any predecessor to the Corporation.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) Neither any amendment nor repeal of this Article VIII, nor the adoption of any provision of the Corporation's certificate of incorporation inconsistent with this Article VIII, shall eliminate or reduce the effect of this Article VIII in respect of any matter occurring, or any action or proceeding accruing or arising or that, but for this Article VIII, would accrue or arise, prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption of an inconsistent provision.

## Exhibit 3.2

**Exhibit 3.2** 

**SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS** 

**OF** 

**Evoke Pharma, Inc.** 

**a Delaware Corporation** 

*(Adopted as of December 17, 2025)* 

<u>ARTICLE I.</u> 

<u>OFFICES</u> 

<u>Section</u> <u>1.</u> <u>Registered Office</u>. The registered office of the corporation in the State of Delaware shall be located at Brandywine Plaza, 1521 Concord Pike, Suite 201, Wilmington, Delaware 19803 in the County of New Castle. The name of the corporation's registered agent at such address shall be Corporate Creations Network, Inc. The registered office and/or registered agent of the corporation may be changed from time to time by action of the board of directors.

<u>Section</u> <u>2.</u> <u>Other Offices</u>. The corporation may also have offices at such other places, both within and outside of the State of Delaware, as the board of directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.

<u>ARTICLE II.</u> 

<u>MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS</u> 

<u>Section</u> <u>1.</u> <u>Place and Time of Meetings</u>. An annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held each year, within or outside of the State of Delaware, after the close of the immediately preceding fiscal year of the corporation for the purpose of electing directors and conducting such other proper business as may come before the meeting. The date, time and place, if any, and/or the means of remote communication, of the annual meeting shall be determined by the board of directors.

<u>Section</u> <u>2.</u> <u>Special Meetings</u>. Special meetings of stockholders may be called for any purpose and may be held at such time and place, within or outside of the State of Delaware, and/or by means of remote communication, as shall be stated in a notice of meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof. Such meetings may be called at any time by the board of directors and shall be called by the secretary upon the written request of holders of shares entitled to cast not less than fifty percent of the votes at the meeting, such written request shall state the purpose or purposes of the meeting, be signed and dated by such holders requesting such special meeting, and shall be delivered to the secretary. On such written request, the secretary shall fix a date, time, and place for such meeting.

<u>Section</u> <u>3.</u> <u>Place of Meetings</u>. The board of directors may designate any place, either within or without the State of Delaware, and/or by means of remote communication, as the place of meeting for any annual meeting or for any special meeting called by the board of directors. If no designation is made, or if a special meeting be otherwise called, the place of meeting shall be the principal executive office of the corporation.

<u>Section</u> <u>4.</u> <u>Notice; Waiver</u>. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, written or printed notice stating the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to

------

be present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in the case of special meetings, the purpose or purposes, of such meeting, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting. All such notices shall be delivered, either personally, by mail, or by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given, by or at the direction of the board of directors or the secretary, and if mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the stockholder at his, her or its address as the same appears on the records of the corporation. If given by electronic transmission, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered (a) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (b) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented to receive notice; (c) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (1) such posting and (2) the giving of such separate notice; and (3) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (a) the corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given by the corporation in accordance with such consent and (b) such inability becomes known to the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation or to the transfer agent. A stockholder of the corporation may waive any notice required by law or under these bylaws or the certificate of incorporation before or after the date and time stated in the notice, if any, by delivering to the secretary a written waiver signed by the stockholder entitled to that notice. The secretary shall file the written waiver with the minutes of the meeting of stockholders, to which the stockholder waived notice, or in the corporation's records, as to any other notice to which the stockholder waived notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

<u>Section</u> <u>5.</u> <u>Stockholders List</u>. The officer having charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall make, at least 10 days before every meeting of the stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, for a period of at least 10 days prior to the meeting: (b) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, and/or (b) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the corporation. In the event that the corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network, the corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of the corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.

<u>Section</u> <u>6.</u> <u>Quorum</u>. The holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of capital stock, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation. If a quorum is not present, the holders of a majority of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting, and entitled to vote at the meeting, may adjourn the meeting to another time and/or place. When a quorum

------

is once present to commence a meeting of stockholders, it is not broken by the subsequent withdrawal of any stockholders or their proxies.

<u>Section</u> <u>7.</u> <u>Adjourned Meetings</u>. When a meeting is adjourned to another time and place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

<u>Section</u> <u>8.</u> <u>Vote Required</u>. When a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders, unless the question is one upon which by express provisions of an applicable law or of the certificate of incorporation a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question.

<u>Section</u> <u>9.</u> <u>Voting Rights</u>. Except as otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or by the certificate of incorporation of the corporation or any amendments thereto and subject to <u>Section</u> <u>3</u> of <u>Article VI</u> hereof, every stockholder shall, at every meeting of the stockholders, be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of common stock held by such stockholder.

<u>Section</u> <u>10.</u> <u>Proxies.</u> Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period.

<u>Section</u> <u>11.</u> <u>Action by Written Consent</u>. Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken and bearing the dates of signature of the stockholders who signed the consent or consents, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, or the corporation's principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book or books in which proceedings of meetings of the stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. All consents properly delivered in accordance with this section shall be deemed to be recorded when so delivered. No written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty days of the earliest dated consent delivered to the corporation as required by this section, written consents signed by the holders of a sufficient number of shares to take such corporate action are so recorded. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing; <u>provided</u> <u>that</u> the failure to give such notice or the failure to give such notice promptly shall not have any effect on the validity of the action so taken. Any action taken pursuant to such written consent or

------

consents of the stockholders shall have the same force and effect as if taken by the stockholders at a meeting thereof.

Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used.

<u>Section</u> <u>12.</u> <u>Action by Telegram, Cablegram or Other Electronic Transmission Consent</u>. A telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission consenting to an action to be taken and transmitted by a stockholder or proxyholder, or by a person or persons authorized to act for a stockholder or proxyholder, shall be deemed to be written, signed and dated for the purposes of this section; provided that any such telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission sets forth or is delivered with information from which the corporation can determine (A) that the telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was transmitted by the stockholder or proxyholder or by a person or persons authorized to act for the stockholder or proxyholder and (B) the date on which such stockholder or proxyholder or authorized person or persons transmitted such telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission. The date on which such telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission is transmitted shall be deemed to be the date on which such consent was signed. If required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, no consent given by telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been delivered until such consent is reproduced in paper form and until such paper form shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded if, to the extent and in the manner provided by resolution of the board of directors of the corporation.

<u>ARTICLE III.</u> 

<u>DIRECTORS</u> 

<u>Section</u> <u>1.</u> <u>General Powers</u>. The business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the board of directors.

<u>Section</u> <u>2.</u> <u>Number, Election and Term of Office</u>. The number of directors which shall constitute the first board shall be three (3) directors. Thereafter, the number of directors shall be established from time to time by resolution of the board. The directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote in the election of directors. The directors shall be elected in this manner at the annual meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in <u>Section</u> <u>4</u> of this <u>Article III</u>. Each director elected shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

<u>Section</u> <u>3.</u> <u>Removal and Resignation</u>. Any director or the entire board of directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors. Whenever the holders of any class or series are entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of the corporation's certificate of incorporation, the provisions of this section shall apply, in respect to the removal without cause of a director or directors so elected, to the vote of the holders of the outstanding shares of that class or series and not to the vote of the outstanding shares as a whole. Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission to the corporation.

------

<u>Section</u> <u>4.</u> <u>Vacancies</u>. Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Each director so chosen shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as herein provided.

<u>Section</u> <u>5.</u> <u>Annual Meetings</u>. The annual meeting of each newly elected board of directors shall be held without other notice than this bylaw immediately after, and at the same place, if any, as the annual meeting of stockholders.

<u>Section</u> <u>6.</u> <u>Other Meetings and Notice</u>. Regular meetings, other than the annual meeting, of the board of directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place, if any, as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the board. Special meetings of the board of directors may be called by or at the request of the chairman, president or at least three directors on at least 24 hours notice to each director, either personally, by telephone, by mail, telegraph, and/or by electronic transmission; in like manner and on like notice the ranking officer must call a special meeting on the written request of at least two of the directors.

<u>Section</u> <u>7.</u> <u>Quorum, Required Vote and Adjournment</u>. A majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The vote of a majority of directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board of directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the board of directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

<u>Section</u> <u>8.</u> <u>Committees</u>. The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation, which to the extent provided in such resolution or these bylaws shall have and may exercise the powers of the board of directors in the management and affairs of the corporation, except as otherwise limited by law. The board of directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. Such committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the board of directors. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors when required.

<u>Section</u> <u>9.</u> <u>Committee Rules</u>. Each committee of the board of directors may fix its own rules of procedure and shall hold its meetings as provided by such rules, except as may otherwise be provided by a resolution of the board of directors designating such committee. In the event that a member and that member's alternate (if any as designated by the board of directors as provided in <u>Section</u> <u>8</u> of this <u>Article III)</u>, of such committee is absent or disqualified, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member.

<u>Section</u> <u>10.</u> <u>Communications Equipment</u>. Members of the board of directors or any committee thereof may participate in and act at any meeting of such board or committee by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in the meeting pursuant to this section shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

------

<u>Section</u> <u>11.</u> <u>Waiver of Notice and Presumption of Assent</u>. Any member of the board of directors or any committee thereof who is present at a meeting shall be conclusively presumed to have waived notice of such meeting except when such member attends for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Such member shall be conclusively presumed to have assented to any action taken unless his or her dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless his or her written dissent to such action shall be filed with the person acting as the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall be forwarded by registered mail to the secretary of the corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to any member who voted in favor of such action.

<u>Section</u> <u>12.</u> <u>Action by Written Consent</u>. Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board, or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

<u>ARTICLE IV.</u> 

<u>OFFICERS</u> 

<u>Section</u> <u>1.</u> <u>Number</u>. The officers of the corporation shall be elected by the board of directors. Unless otherwise determined by the board of directors, the officers shall consist of at least a president and secretary, and may consist of any number of vice presidents, a chief financial officer, treasurer, any number of assistant secretaries and such other officers and assistant officers as may be deemed necessary or desirable by the board of directors. Any number of offices may be held by the same person. In its discretion, the board of directors may choose not to fill any office for any period as it may deem advisable.

<u>Section</u> <u>2.</u> <u>Election and Term of Office</u>. The officers of the corporation shall be elected annually by the board of directors at its first meeting held after each annual meeting of stockholders or as soon thereafter as conveniently may be. Vacancies may be filled or new offices created and filled at any meeting of the board of directors. Each officer shall hold office until a successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal as hereinafter provided.

<u>Section</u> <u>3.</u> <u>Removal</u>. Any officer or agent elected by the board of directors may be removed by the board of directors whenever in its judgment the best interests of the corporation would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed.

<u>Section</u> <u>4.</u> <u>Vacancies</u>. Any vacancy occurring in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled by the board of directors for the unexpired portion of the term by the board of directors then in office.

<u>Section</u> <u>5.</u> <u>Compensation</u>. Compensation of all officers shall be fixed by the board of directors, and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by virtue of his or her also being a director of the corporation.

------

<u>Section</u> <u>6.</u> <u>President</u>. The president shall have general management and supervision of the business, affairs and property of the corporation, and control over its officers, agents and employees; and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board of directors are carried into effect. The president may execute and deliver in the name of the corporation powers of attorney, contracts, bonds and other obligations and instruments. The president shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or as may be provided in these bylaws.

<u>Section</u> <u>7.</u> <u>Chief Financial Officer</u>. The chief financial officer of the corporation shall, under the direction of the president, be responsible for all financial and accounting matters and for the direction of the offices of treasurer and controller. The chief financial officer shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or the president or as may be provided in these bylaws.

<u>Section</u> <u>8.</u> <u>Vice-Presidents</u>. The vice president, or if there shall be more than one, the vice presidents in the order determined by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the president, if any, act with all of the powers and be subject to all the restrictions of the president. The vice presidents shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president or these bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe. Unless the board of directors otherwise provides, any vice president may sign bonds, deeds, and contracts for the corporation.

<u>Section</u> <u>9.</u> <u>Secretary and Assistant Secretaries</u>. The secretary shall attend all meetings of the board of directors, all meetings of the committees thereof and all meetings of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of the meetings in a book or books to be kept for that purpose. Under the president's supervision, the secretary shall give, or cause to be given, all notices required to be given by these bylaws or by law; shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors, the president or these bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe; and shall have custody of the corporate seal of the corporation. The secretary, or an assistant secretary, shall have authority to affix the corporate seal to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of such assistant secretary. The board of directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the affixing by his or her signature. The assistant secretary, or if there be more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president, or secretary may, from time to time, prescribe.

<u>Section</u> <u>10.</u> <u>Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer</u>. The treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities; shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the corporation; shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors; shall cause the funds of the corporation to be disbursed when such disbursements have been duly authorized, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements; shall render to the president and the board of directors, at its regular meeting or when the board of directors so requires, an account of the corporation and shall have such powers and perform such duties as the board of directors, the president or these bylaws may, from time to time, prescribe. If required by the board of directors, the treasurer shall give the corporation a bond (which shall be rendered every six years) in such sums and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the board of directors for the faithful performance of the duties of the office of treasurer and for the restoration to the corporation, in case of death, resignation, retirement, or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money, and other property of whatever kind in the possession or under the control of the treasurer belonging to the corporation. The assistant treasurer, or if there shall

------

be more than one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer. The assistant treasurers shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors, the president or treasurer may, from time to time, prescribe.

<u>Section</u> <u>11.</u> <u>Other Officers, Assistant Officers and Agents</u>. Officers, assistant officers and agents, if any, other than those whose duties are provided for in these bylaws, shall have such authority and perform such duties as may from time to time be prescribed by resolution of the board of directors.

<u>Section</u> <u>12.</u> <u>Absence or Disability of Officers</u>. In the case of the absence or disability of any officer of the corporation and of any person hereby authorized to act in such officer's place during such officer's absence or disability, the board of directors may by resolution delegate the powers and duties of such officer to any other officer or to any director, or to any other person whom it may select.

<u>ARTICLE V.</u> 

<u>INDEMNIFICATION</u> 

<u>Section</u> <u>1.</u> <u>Indemnification of Directors and Officers</u>. The corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended (the "<u>DGCL</u>") as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any director or officer of the corporation who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a "<u>Proceeding</u>") by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys' fees) reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in this <u>Article V</u>, the corporation shall be required to indemnify a person in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such person only if the Proceeding was authorized in the specific case by the board of directors.

<u>Section</u> <u>2.</u> <u>Indemnification of Others</u>. The corporation shall have the power to indemnify and hold harmless, to the extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any employee or agent of the corporation who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she, or a person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was an employee or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any such Proceeding.

<u>Section</u> <u>3.</u> <u>Prepayment of Expenses</u>. The corporation shall to the fullest extent not prohibited by applicable law pay the expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by any officer or director of the corporation, and may pay the expenses incurred by any employee or agent of the corporation, in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition; *provided, however*, that, to the extent required by law, such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the Proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the person to repay all amounts

------

advanced if it should be ultimately determined that the person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article V or otherwise.

<u>Section</u> <u>4.</u> <u>Determination; Claim</u>. If a claim for indemnification (following the final disposition of such Proceeding) or advancement of expenses under this Article V is not paid in full within sixty (60) days after a written claim therefor has been received by the corporation the claimant may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim to the fullest extent permitted by law. In any such action the corporation shall have the burden of proving that the claimant was not entitled to the requested indemnification or payment of expenses under applicable law.

<u>Section</u> <u>5.</u> <u>Non-Exclusivity of Rights</u>. The rights conferred on any person by this Article V shall not be exclusive of any other rights which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the certificate of incorporation, these bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

<u>Section</u> <u>6.</u> <u>Insurance</u>. The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust enterprise or non-profit entity against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of the DGCL.

<u>Section</u> <u>7.</u> <u>Other Indemnification</u>. The corporation's obligation, if any, to indemnify or advance expenses to any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit entity shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit enterprise.

<u>Section</u> <u>8.</u> <u>Continuation of Indemnification</u>. The rights to indemnification and to prepayment of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article V shall continue notwithstanding that the person has ceased to be a director or officer of the corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the estate, heirs, executors, administrators, legatees and distributees of such person.

<u>Section</u> <u>9.</u> <u>Amendment or Repeal</u>. The provisions of this Article V shall constitute a contract between the corporation, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, each individual who serves or has served as a director or officer of the corporation (whether before or after the adoption of these bylaws), in consideration of such person's performance of such services, and pursuant to this Article V the corporation intends to be legally bound to each such current or former director or officer of the corporation. With respect to current and former directors and officers of the corporation, the rights conferred under this Article V are present contractual rights and such rights are fully vested, and shall be deemed to have vested fully, immediately upon adoption of these bylaws. With respect to any directors or officers of the corporation who commence service following adoption of these bylaws, the rights conferred under this provision shall be present contractual rights and such rights shall fully vest, and be deemed to have vested fully, immediately upon such director or officer commencing service as a director or officer of the corporation. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article V shall not adversely affect any right or protection (i) hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification or (ii) under any agreement

------

providing for indemnification or advancement of expenses to an officer or director of the corporation in effect prior to the time of such repeal or modification.

<u>ARTICLE VI.</u> 

<u>CERTIFICATES OF STOCK</u> 

<u>Section</u> <u>1.</u> <u>Form</u>. Every holder of stock in the corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate, signed by, or in the name of the corporation by the chief executive officer, president or a vice-president and the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by such holder in the corporation. If such a certificate is countersigned (1) by a transfer agent or an assistant transfer agent other than the corporation or its employee or (2) by a registrar, other than the corporation or its employee, the signature of any such chief executive officer, vice-president, secretary, or assistant secretary may be facsimiles or electronically transmitted signatures. In case any officer or officers who have signed, or whose facsimile or electronically transmitted signature or signatures have been used on, any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be such officer or officers of the corporation whether because of death, resignation or otherwise before such certificate or certificates have been delivered by the corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile or electronically transmitted signature or signatures have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer or officers of the corporation. All certificates for shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified. The name of the person to whom the shares represented thereby are issued, with the number of shares and date of issue, shall be entered on the books of the corporation. Shares of stock of the corporation shall only be transferred on the books of the corporation by the holder of record thereof or by such holder's attorney duly authorized in writing, upon surrender to the corporation of the certificate or certificates for such shares endorsed by the appropriate person or persons, with such evidence of the authenticity of such endorsement, transfer, authorization, and other matters as the corporation may reasonably require, and accompanied by all necessary stock transfer stamps. In that event, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate or certificates, and record the transaction on its books. The board of directors may appoint a bank or trust company organized under the laws of the United States or any state thereof to act as its transfer agent or registrar, or both in connection with the transfer of any class or series of securities of the corporation.

<u>Section</u> <u>2.</u> <u>Lost Certificates</u>. The board of directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates previously issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen, or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the board of directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, to give the corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the corporation against any claim that may be made against the corporation on account of the loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

<u>Section</u> <u>3.</u> <u>Fixing a Record Date for Stockholder Meetings</u>. In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting.

------

If no record date is fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be the close of business on the next day preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

<u>Section</u> <u>4.</u> <u>Fixing a Record Date for Action by Written Consent</u>. In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors, and which date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the board of directors. If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is required by statute, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date has been fixed by the board of directors and prior action by the board of directors is required by statute, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

<u>Section</u> <u>5.</u> <u>Fixing a Record Date for Other Purposes</u>. In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment or any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purposes of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not more than sixty days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

<u>Section</u> <u>6.</u> <u>Registered Stockholders</u>. Prior to the surrender to the corporation of the certificate or certificates for a share or shares of stock with a request to record the transfer of such share or shares, the corporation may treat the registered owner as the person entitled to receive dividends, to vote, to receive notifications, and otherwise to exercise all the rights and powers of an owner. The corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof.

<u>Section</u> <u>7.</u> <u>Subscriptions for Stock</u>. Unless otherwise provided for in the subscription agreement, subscriptions for shares shall be paid in full at such time, or in such installments and at such times, as shall be determined by the board of directors. Any call made by the board of directors for payment on subscriptions shall be uniform as to all shares of the same class or as to all shares of the same series. In case of default in the payment of any installment or call when such payment is due, the corporation may proceed to collect the amount due in the same manner as any debt due the corporation.

------

<u>ARTICLE VII.</u> 

<u>GENERAL PROVISIONS</u> 

<u>Section</u> <u>1.</u> <u>Dividends</u>. Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, if any, may be declared by the board of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or any other purpose and the directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

<u>Section</u> <u>2.</u> <u>Checks, Drafts or Orders</u>. All checks, drafts, or other orders for the payment of money by or to the corporation and all notes and other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the corporation, and in such manner, as shall be determined by resolution of the board of directors or a duly authorized committee thereof.

<u>Section</u> <u>3.</u> <u>Contracts</u>. The board of directors may authorize any officer or officers, or any agent or agents, of the corporation to enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

<u>Section</u> <u>4.</u> <u>Loans</u>. The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its subsidiary, including any officer or employee who is a director of the corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in the judgment of the directors, such loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or without interest, and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the board of directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the corporation. Nothing in this section contained shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at common law or under any statute.

<u>Section</u> <u>5.</u> <u>Fiscal Year</u>. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the board of directors.

<u>Section</u> <u>6.</u> <u>Corporate Seal</u>. The corporation may adopt a corporate seal, which, if adopted, may be altered by the board of directors. The corporation may use the corporate seal by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.

<u>Section</u> <u>7.</u> <u>Voting Securities Owned By Corporation</u>. Voting securities in any other corporation held by the corporation shall be voted as the board of directors specifically confers authority to vote with respect thereto, which authority may be general or confined to specific instances, upon a person or officer. Any person authorized to vote securities shall have the power to appoint proxies, with general power of substitution.

------

<u>Section</u> <u>8.</u> <u>Inspection of Books and Records</u>. Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records, and to make copies or extracts therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean any purpose reasonably related to such person's interest as a stockholder. In every instance where an attorney or other agent shall be the person who seeks the right to inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or such other writing which authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to the corporation at its registered office in the State of Delaware or at its principal place of business.

<u>Section</u> <u>9.</u> <u>Section Headings</u>. Section headings in these bylaws are for convenience of reference only and shall not be given any substantive effect in limiting or otherwise construing any provision herein.

<u>Section</u> <u>10.</u> <u>Inconsistent Provisions</u>. In the event that any provision of these bylaws is or becomes inconsistent with any provision of the certificate of incorporation, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any other applicable law, the provision of these bylaws shall not be given any effect to the extent of such inconsistency but shall otherwise be given full force and effect.

<u>ARTICLE VIII.</u> 

<u>AMENDMENTS</u> 

These bylaws may be amended, altered, or repealed and new bylaws adopted at any meeting of the board of directors by a majority vote. The fact that the power to adopt, amend, alter, or repeal the bylaws has been conferred upon the board of directors shall not divest the stockholders of the same powers.