# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000862831
**File Stem:** 0000950170-23-001372
**Filing Date:** 2023-1
**Character Count:** 59843
**Document Hash:** 1887208e13b4bde32248fd7d169cfbfb
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0000950170-23-001372.hdr.sgml**: 20230130

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0000950170-23-001372

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 14

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20230130

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Regulation FD Disclosure

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Financial Statements and Exhibits

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230130

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230130

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000862831
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANKS [6021]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 160816610
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** NY
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 000-26481
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23567784

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 220 LIBERTY STREET
- **CITY:** WARSAW
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 14569
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 5857861100

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 220 LIBERTY STREET
- **CITY:** WARSAW
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 14569

?xml version="1.0" encoding="ASCII"? 8-K

**UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549**

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**FORM** 8-K

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**CURRENT REPORT**

**Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934**

**Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported):** January 30, 2023<br>

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Financial Institutions, Inc.

**(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| New York | 0-26481 | 16-0816610 |
| **(State or Other Jurisdiction<br>of Incorporation)** | **(Commission File Number)** | **(IRS Employer<br>Identification No.)** |
| 220 Liberty Street |  |  |
| Warsaw**,** New York |  | 14569 |
| **(Address of Principal Executive Offices)** |  | **(Zip Code)** |

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**Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code:** 585 786-1100<br>

Not Applicable

**(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)**

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Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instructions A.2. below):

☐Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange on which registered** |
| Common stock, par value $0.01 per share | FISI | NASDAQ Global Select Market |

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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**Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.**

On January 30, 2023, Financial Institutions, Inc. (the "Company") issued a press release to report financial results for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2022. The press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.

**Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure.**

The Company published an investor presentation with data for the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2022. The presentation is available on the Company's website at <u>www.fiiwarsaw.com</u> under "News & Events/Presentations". Investors should note that the Company announces material information in SEC filings and press releases. Based on guidance from the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Company may also use the Investor Relations section of its corporate website, <u>www.fiiwarsaw.com</u>, to communicate with investors about the Company. It is possible that the information posted there could be deemed to be material information. The information on the Company's website is not incorporated by reference into this Current Report on Form 8-K.

This information is furnished pursuant to Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and shall not be deemed to be "filed" for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"), as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date of this report, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

**Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.**

d) <u>Exhibits</u>.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br>**Number** | <br>**Description**  | <br>**Location** |
| 99.1 | [<u>Press Release issued by Financial Institutions, Inc. on January 30, 2023</u>](fisi-ex99_1.htm) | Filed Herewith |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |  |

---

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**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | Financial Institutions, Inc. |
| Date: | January 30, 2023 | By:  | /s/ W. Jack Plants II |
|  |  |  | W. Jack Plants II<br>Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and Treasurer |

---

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## Exhibit 99.1

**<u>Exhibit 99.1</u>**

![img145321324_0.jpg](img145321324_0.jpg)

**FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE**<br>

**FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC. ANNOUNCES FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 2022 RESULTS**

**WARSAW, N.Y., January 30, 2023** – Financial Institutions, Inc. (NASDAQ:FISI) (the "Company," "we" or "us"), parent company of Five Star Bank (the "Bank"), SDN Insurance Agency, LLC ("SDN"), Courier Capital, LLC ("Courier Capital") and HNP Capital, LLC ("HNP Capital"), today reported financial and operational results for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2022.

**Results for the Fourth Quarter of 2022**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Net income was $12.1 million compared to $19.6 million in 2021. After preferred dividends, net income available to common shareholders was $11.7 million, or $0.76 per diluted share, compared to $19.2 million, or $1.21 per diluted share, in 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Net income reflects the impact of a $6.1 million provision for credit losses as compared to a benefit of $1.2 million in 2021. Loan loss provision returned to a more normalized level in 2022, and increased in the fourth quarter, as a result of a higher national unemployment forecast and qualitative factors reflecting economic uncertainty associated with higher interest rates, inflation, and global political unrest. Provision also increased due to the impact of strong loan growth and higher unfunded loan commitments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Net interest income of $43.1 million was $2.3 million higher than the fourth quarter of 2021 as a result of loan growth and net interest margin expansion, partially offset by a $2.7 million decrease in interest and fee income accretion in connection with Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans ("revenue related to PPP loans").

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Salaries and employee benefits expense included $440 thousand of non-recurring severance expense in the current quarter related to a restructuring that eliminated approximately 20 positions throughout the organization.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Non-recurring restructuring charges of $350 thousand were recognized in the current quarter related to the 2020 closure of five locations. The charges related to the write-down of real estate assets to fair market value based upon current market conditions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Pre-tax pre-provision income<sup>(1)</sup>was $20.6 million, down $2.1 million, or 9.1%, from the fourth quarter of 2021. Excluding restructuring charges and revenue related to PPP loans from both periods of comparison, pre-PPP adjusted pre-tax pre-provision income<sup>(1)</sup> increased by $865 thousand, or 4.3%, from the fourth quarter of 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Total loans were $4.05 billion at December 31, 2022, an increase of $183.6 million, or 4.7%, from September 30, 2022.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•The Company continues to report strong credit quality metrics, including non-performing loans to total loans of 0.25% and non-performing assets to total assets of 0.18% as of December 31, 2022.

**Results for the Full Year 2022:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Net income was $56.6 million compared to $77.7 million in 2021. After preferred dividends, net income available to common shareholders was $55.1 million, or $3.56 per diluted share, compared to $76.2 million, or $4.78 per diluted share, in 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•2022 net income reflects the impact of a $13.3 million provision for credit losses as compared to a benefit of $8.3 million in 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Net interest income of $167.4 million was $12.6 million higher than 2021 as a result of loan growth and net interest margin expansion, partially offset by a $7.6 million decrease in revenue related to PPP loans.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Non-recurring restructuring charges related to the 2020 closure of five locations totaled $1.6 million in 2022 compared to $111 thousand in 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Pre-tax pre-provision income<sup>(1)</sup>was $84.3 million, down $4.6 million, or 5.2%, from 2021. Excluding a third quarter 2022 non-recurring $2.0 million enhancement from the surrender and redeployment of $25.5 million in cash surrender value of company owned life insurance, as well as restructuring charges and revenue related to PPP loans from both periods of comparison, pre-PPP adjusted pre-tax pre-provision income<sup>(1)</sup>increased by $2.5 million, or 3.2% from 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Total loan growth was $371.0 million, or 10.1%, from December 31, 2021.

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"Our total loan portfolio grew a robust 4.7% in the fourth quarter and 10.1% year-over-year," said President and Chief Executive Officer Martin K. Birmingham. "The early 2022 addition of our Mid-Atlantic commercial lending team significantly fueled back-end-weighted full year growth, with an increase of approximately $75 million in loans outstanding in this region during the fourth quarter. The fourth quarter also benefitted from a high level of commercial loans in the pipeline awaiting closing at September 30, 2022. Our commercial loan pipeline remains sizable, at $750 million, down slightly from the end of the third quarter. Approximately $200 million of the pipeline is attributable to the Mid-Atlantic region.

"Our long-term track record of credit-disciplined loan growth and well-defined strategic and risk frameworks has resulted in a high-quality loan portfolio that is well-positioned for success in a challenging economy. This is exemplified by strong year-end metrics including fourth quarter net charge-offs of 34 basis points, non-performing loans to total loans of 25 basis points, and zero delinquencies in our large commercial loan portfolios."

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer W. Jack Plants II added, "Net interest margin decreased by five basis points from the linked quarter, primarily as a result of repricing and seasonality within our public deposit portfolio. Managing an appropriate balance between net interest margin and net interest income remains a key consideration for the Company. We are modeling cash flow of approximately $1.0 billion from our loan and securities portfolios in 2023, which will benefit future net interest margin as this liquidity is deployed into new loan originations at market rates."

**Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin**

Net interest income was $43.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2022, an increase of $81 thousand from the third quarter of 2022 and an increase of $2.3 million from the fourth quarter of 2021.

Average interest-earning assets for the current quarter were $5.33 billion, an increase of $99.4 million from the third quarter of 2022 due to a $128.9 million increase in average loans and a $6.9 million increase in the average balance of Federal Reserve interest-earning cash, partially offset by a $36.4 million decrease in the average balance of investment securities. Average interest-earning assets for the current quarter were $151.2 million higher than the fourth quarter of 2021 due to a $279.6 million increase in average loans, partially offset by a $29.1 million decrease in the average balance of investment securities and a $99.2 million decrease in the average balance of Federal Reserve interest-earning cash.

Net interest margin was 3.23% in the current quarter as compared to 3.28% in the third quarter of 2022 and 3.15% in the fourth quarter of 2021. Excluding the impact of PPP loans and revenue related to PPP loans, net interest margin was 3.22% in the fourth quarter of 2022, 3.26% in the third quarter of 2022 and 2.98% in the fourth quarter of 2021. Our net interest margin improved from the fourth quarter of 2021 primarily due to the impact of 2022 interest rate increases. Net interest margin decreased from the third quarter of 2022 as we experienced repricing in our public deposit portfolio, coupled with a shift in mix from lower cost transaction deposit accounts to higher cost time deposits.

Net interest income was $167.4 million for the full year 2022, $12.6 million higher than 2021. Net interest margin was 3.20% for the full year 2022, an increase of six basis points from 2021. Excluding the impact of PPP loans and revenue related to PPP loans, net interest margin was 3.17% for the full year 2022, up 12 basis points from 3.05% in 2021.

**Noninterest Income**

Noninterest income was $10.9 million for the fourth quarter of 2022, a decrease of $1.7 million from the third quarter of 2022 and a decrease of $737 thousand from the fourth quarter of 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Company owned life insurance income of $875 thousand was $2.1 million lower than the third quarter of 2022 and $54 thousand higher than the fourth quarter of 2021. The decline from the linked period reflects a non-recurring $2.0 million third quarter 2022 enhancement related to the surrender and redeployment of $25.5 million in cash surrender value of company owned life insurance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Income from derivative instruments, net was $656 thousand in the current quarter, $557 thousand higher than the third quarter of 2022 and $379 thousand lower than the fourth quarter of 2021. Income from derivative instruments, net is based on the number and value of interest rate swap transactions executed during the quarter combined with the impact of changes in the fair market value of borrower-facing trades.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•A net loss of $111 thousand on tax credit investments was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2022 as compared to a $385 thousand loss in the third quarter of 2022 and a $493 thousand loss in the fourth quarter of 2021. Net loss on tax credit investments represents the amortization of tax credit investments, partially offset by New York investment tax credits that are refundable and recorded in noninterest income.

Noninterest income was $46.3 million for the full year 2022, $635 thousand lower than 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Insurance income of $6.4 million was $614 thousand higher than 2021, driven by new business growth within the Company's markets.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Investment advisory income was $11.5 million as compared to $11.7 million in 2021. The positive impact of new and increased client accounts was offset by the impact of the 2022 global stock market decline on the value of assets under management.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Company owned life insurance income of $5.5 million was $2.6 million higher than 2021, primarily as a result of the third quarter 2022 transaction previously described.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Income from investments in limited partnerships of $1.3 million was $788 thousand lower than 2021. The Company has made several investments in limited partnerships, primarily small business investment companies, and accounts for these investments under the equity method. Income from these investments fluctuates based on the maturity and performance of the underlying investments as they mature.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Income from derivative instruments, net of $1.9 million was $776 thousand lower than 2021 as a result of the number and value of interest rate swap transactions combined with the impact of changes in the fair market value of borrower-facing trades.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Net gain on sale of loans held for sale was $1.2 million as compared to $3.0 million in 2021. Sales volumes and margins for residential loans moderated significantly in 2022 primarily as a result of inflation, higher interest rates, and tight housing inventory.

**Noninterest Expense**

Noninterest expense was $33.5 million for the fourth quarter of 2022 compared to $32.8 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $29.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Salaries and employee benefits expense of $18.1 million was $151 thousand higher than the third quarter of 2022 and $2.0 million higher than the fourth quarter of 2021. The increase from the linked quarter was primarily the result of $440 thousand of non-recurring severance expense in the current quarter partially offset by lower medical claim activity. The increase from the prior year quarter was primarily due to investments in personnel and hourly wage pressures driven by the current competitive labor market.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Computer and data processing expense of $4.7 million was $272 thousand higher than the third quarter of 2022 and $727 thousand higher than the fourth quarter of 2021 due to timing of the Company's strategic investments in technology, including digital banking initiatives, a customer relationship management solution implemented across all lines of business, and Banking-as-a-Service, or BaaS, initiatives.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•The Company recognized restructuring charges in the fourth quarter of 2022 totaling $350 thousand in connection with five locations that were closed in the second half of 2020. The charges related to the write-down of real estate assets to fair market value based upon current market conditions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Other expense of $3.5 million was relatively unchanged from the third quarter of 2022 and $863 thousand higher than the fourth quarter of 2021. The year-over-year increase was the result of a combination of factors including interest charges related to collateral held for derivative transactions, higher travel and entertainment expense as we exited pandemic business practices, higher insurance costs and the impact of inflationary pressures.

Noninterest expense was $129.4 million for the full year 2022, $16.6 million higher than 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Salaries and employee benefits expense of $69.6 million was $8.7 million higher than 2021. The increase is primarily the result of investments in personnel and wage pressures driven by the current competitive labor market.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Professional services expense of $5.6 million was $943 thousand lower than 2021 primarily as a result of higher expense incurred in the prior year for enterprise standardization expense and miscellaneous consulting fees.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Computer and data processing expense of $17.6 million was $3.5 million higher than 2021 as a result of the Company's strategic investments in technology, primarily driven by a new customer relationship management system implemented in the latter part of 2021 and other initiatives.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Restructuring charges related to the 2020 closing of five branches totaled $1.6 million in 2022 as compared to $111 thousand in 2021 due to the previously described write-down of real estate assets.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Other expense of $12.4 million was $2.8 million higher than 2021, primarily due to interest charges related to collateral held for derivative transactions, higher travel and entertainment expense, higher insurance costs and the impact of inflationary pressures.

**Income Taxes**

Income tax expense was $2.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2022 compared to $4.7 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $4.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Third quarter 2022 income tax expense included approximately $1.5 million of incremental taxes associated with the company owned life insurance surrender and redeployment strategy, partially offset by a $2.0 million non-recurring enhancement recorded as noninterest income.

The Company recognized federal and state tax benefits related to tax credit investments placed in service and/or amortized during the fourth quarter of 2022, third quarter of 2022, and fourth quarter of 2021, resulting in income tax expense reductions of approximately $1.4 million, $511 thousand, and $1.7 million, respectively.

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The effective tax rate was 16.4% for the fourth quarter of 2022, 25.4% for the third quarter of 2022 and 17.7% for the fourth quarter of 2021. The effective tax rate fluctuates on a quarterly basis primarily due to the level of pre-tax earnings and, in the third quarter of 2022, was impacted by the company owned life insurance transaction. The Company's effective tax rates differ from statutory rates because of interest income from tax-exempt securities, earnings on company owned life insurance and the impact of tax credit investments.

**Balance Sheet and Capital Management**

Total assets were $5.80 billion at December 31, 2022, up $172.8 million from September 30, 2022, and up $276.5 million from December 31, 2021.

Investment securities were $1.14 billion at December 31, 2022, down $19.7 million from September 30, 2022, and down $240.8 million from December 31, 2021. The portfolio decline from September 30, 2022, was driven by the use of portfolio cash flow to fund loan originations. The decrease from December 31, 2021, was primarily the result of a decrease in the market value of the portfolio due to rising interest rates combined with the use of portfolio cash flow to fund loan originations.

Total loans were $4.05 billion at December 31, 2022, up $183.6 million, or 4.7%, from September 30, 2022, and up $371.0 million, or 10.1%, from December 31, 2021. Total loans, excluding PPP loans net of deferred fees, were $4.05 billion at December 31, 2022, up $185.2 million, or 4.8%, from September 30, 2022, and up $425.2 million, or 11.7%, from December 31, 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Commercial business loans totaled $664.2 million, up $30.4 million, or 4.8%, from September 30, 2022, and up $26.0 million, or 4.1%, from December 31, 2021. PPP loans net of deferred fees are included in commercial business loans and were $1.2 million at December 31, 2022, $2.8 million at September 30, 2022, and $55.3 million at December 31, 2021. Accordingly, commercial business loans excluding the impact of PPP loans increased 5.1% from September 30, 2022, and increased 13.7% from December 31, 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Commercial mortgage loans totaled $1.68 billion, up $115.3 million, or 7.4%, from September 30, 2022, and up $267.1 million, or 18.9%, from December 31, 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Residential real estate loans totaled $590.0 million, up $12.1 million, or 2.1%, from September 30, 2022, and up $12.7 million, or 2.2%, from December 31, 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Consumer indirect loans totaled $1.02 billion, up $26.2 million, or 2.6%, from September 30, 2022, and up $65.6 million, or 6.8%, from December 31, 2021.

Total deposits were $4.93 billion at December 31, 2022, $24.3 million higher than September 30, 2022, and $102.3 million higher than December 31, 2021. The increase for both periods was primarily attributable to growth in brokered deposits. Public deposit balances represented 23% of total deposits at December 31, 2022, September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.

Short-term borrowings were $205.0 million at December 31, 2022, compared to $69.0 million at September 30, 2022, and $30.0 million at December 31, 2021. Short-term borrowings and brokered deposits have historically been utilized to manage the seasonality of public deposits.

Shareholders' equity was $405.6 million at December 31, 2022, compared to $394.0 million at September 30, 2022, and $505.1 million at December 31, 2021. Shareholders' equity has been negatively impacted in 2022 by an increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with unrealized losses in the available for sale securities portfolio. Management believes the unrealized losses are temporary in nature, as the losses are associated with the increase in interest rates. The securities portfolio continues to generate cash flow and given the high quality of our agency mortgage-backed securities portfolio, management expects the bonds to ultimately mature at a terminal value equivalent to par.

Common book value per share was $25.31 at December 31, 2022, an increase of $0.74, or 3.0%, from $24.57 at September 30, 2022, and a decrease of $5.67, or 18.3%, from $30.98 at December 31, 2021. Tangible common book value per share<sup>(1)</sup> was $20.53 at December 31, 2022, an increase of $0.76, or 3.9%, from $19.77 at September 30, 2022, and a decrease of $5.73, or 21.8%, from $26.26 at December 31, 2021. The common equity to assets ratio was 6.70% at December 31, 2022, unchanged from September 30, 2022, and 8.84% at December 31, 2021. Tangible common equity to tangible assets<sup>(1)</sup>, or the TCE ratio, was 5.50%, 5.46% and 7.59% at December 31, 2022, September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. The primary driver of declines in all four measures was the previously described increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company declared a common stock dividend of $0.29 per common share, consistent with the linked quarter and representing an increase of 7.4% over the prior year quarter. The dividend returned 38.2% of fourth quarter net income to common shareholders.

The Company's regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2022, compared to September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Leverage Ratio was 8.33% compared to 8.35% and 8.23% at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio was 9.42% compared to 9.75% and 10.28% at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Tier 1 Capital Ratio was 9.78% compared to 10.12% and 10.68% at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio was 12.13% compared to 12.53% and 13.12% at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively.

**Credit Quality**

Non-performing loans were $10.2 million, or 0.25% of total loans, at December 31, 2022, as compared to $8.5 million, or 0.22% of total loans, at September 30, 2022, and $12.2 million, or 0.33% of total loans, at December 31, 2021. Net charge-offs were $3.3 million in the current quarter as compared to $2.2 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $4.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. The ratio of annualized net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans was 0.34% in the current quarter, 0.22% in the third quarter of 2022 and 0.51% in the fourth quarter of 2021.

At December 31, 2022, the allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans ratio was 1.12%, compared to 1.14% at September 30, 2022, and 1.08% at December 31, 2021. The allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans ratio excluding PPP loans<sup>(1)</sup>was 1.12%, compared to 1.14% at September 30, 2022, and 1.09% at December 31, 2021.

Provision for credit losses on loans was $4.6 million in the current quarter compared to a provision of $3.8 million in the third quarter of 2022 and a benefit of $1.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. The allowance for unfunded commitments, also included in provision (benefit) for credit losses as required by the current expected credit loss standard ("CECL"), increased by $1.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2022 and $507 thousand in the third quarter of 2022, and decreased by $105 thousand in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Provision for credit losses was $13.3 million for the full year 2022 compared to a benefit of $8.3 million in 2021. The Company recorded a benefit for credit losses in each quarter of 2021 as a result of improvement in the national unemployment forecast, the designated loss driver for the Company's current expected credit loss standard model, and positive trends in qualitative factors, resulting in the release of credit loss reserves. Loan loss provision returned to a more normalized level in 2022, excluding a $2.0 million commercial loan recovery recognized in the second quarter, due to the impact of strong loan growth and an increase in the national unemployment forecast and qualitative factors reflecting economic uncertainty associated with higher interest rates, inflation, and global political unrest, partially offset by a reduction in overall specific reserve levels.

The Company has remained strategically focused on the importance of credit discipline, allocating what it believes are the necessary resources to credit and risk management functions as the loan portfolio has grown. The ratio of allowance for credit losses on loans to non-performing loans was 445% at December 31, 2022, 517% at September 30, 2022, and 326% at December 31, 2021.

**Subsequent Events**

The Company is required, under generally accepted accounting principles, to evaluate subsequent events through the filing of its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, in its Annual Report on Form 10-K. As a result, the Company will continue to evaluate the impact of any subsequent events on critical accounting assumptions and estimates made as of December 31, 2022, and will adjust amounts preliminarily reported, if necessary.

**Conference Call** 

The Company will host an earnings conference call and audio webcast on January 31, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time. The call will be hosted by Martin K. Birmingham, President and Chief Executive Officer, and W. Jack Plants II, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. The live webcast will be available in listen-only mode on the Company's website at www.fiiwarsaw.com. Within the United States, listeners may also access the call by dialing 1-844-200-6205 and providing the access code 502255. The webcast replay will be available on the Company's website for at least 30 days.

**About Financial Institutions, Inc.**

Financial Institutions, Inc. (NASDAQ: FISI) is an innovative financial holding company with approximately $5.8 billion in assets offering banking, insurance and wealth management products and services through a network of subsidiaries. Its Five Star Bank subsidiary provides consumer and commercial banking and lending services to individuals, municipalities and businesses through its Western and Central New York branch network and its Mid-Atlantic commercial loan production office serving the Baltimore and Washington, D.C. region. SDN Insurance Agency, LLC provides a broad range of insurance services to personal and business clients, while Courier Capital, LLC and HNP Capital, LLC offer customized investment management, consulting and retirement plan services to individuals, businesses, institutions, foundations and retirement plans. Learn more at five-starbank.com and fiiwarsaw.com.

**Non-GAAP Financial Information** 

In addition to results presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), this press release contains certain non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to GAAP measures is included in Appendix A to this document.

The Company believes that providing certain non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with information useful in understanding our financial performance, performance trends and financial position. Our management uses these measures for internal planning and forecasting

------

purposes and we believe that our presentation and discussion, together with the accompanying reconciliations, allows investors, security analysts and other interested parties to view our performance and the factors and trends affecting our business in a manner similar to management. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered a substitute for GAAP measures, and we strongly encourage investors to review our consolidated financial statements in their entirety and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate the Company. Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not uniformly applied and are not audited. Because non-GAAP financial measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare these financial measures with other companies' non-GAAP financial measures having the same or similar names.

------

**Safe Harbor Statement** 

This press release may contain forward-looking statements as defined by Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that involve significant risks and uncertainties. In this context, forward-looking statements often address our expected future business and financial performance and financial condition, and often contain words such as "believe," "continue," "estimate," "expect," "forecast," "intend," "plan," "preliminary," "should," or "will." Statements herein are based on certain assumptions and analyses by the Company and factors it believes are appropriate in the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in or implied by such statements for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to: the macroeconomic volatility related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and global political unrest; changes in interest rates; inflation; the Company's ability to implement its strategic plan, including by expanding its commercial lending footprint and integrating its acquisitions; whether the Company experiences greater credit losses than expected; whether the Company experiences breaches of its, or third party, information systems; the attitudes and preferences of the Company's customers; legal and regulatory proceedings and related matters, such as the action described in our reports filed with the SEC, could adversely affect us and the banking industry in general; the competitive environment; fluctuations in the fair value of securities in its investment portfolio; changes in the regulatory environment and the Company's compliance with regulatory requirements; and general economic and credit market conditions nationally and regionally. Consequently, all forward-looking statements made herein are qualified by these cautionary statements and the cautionary language in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other documents filed with the SEC. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to revise these statements following the date of this press release.

<sup>(1)</sup> See Appendix A — Reconciliation to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the computation of this non-GAAP measure.

\*\*\*\*\*

**<u>For additional information contact:</u>**

W. Jack Plants II

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

(585) 498-2919

wjplants@five-starbank.com

Pamela Kennard

Investor Relations Analyst

(585) 584-1549

pakennard@five-starbank.com<br>

------

**FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC.<br>Selected Financial Information (Unaudited)**<br>(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  | **December 31,** | **September 30,** | **June 30,** | **March 31,** | **December 31,** |
| **SELECTED BALANCE SHEET DATA:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $130466 | $118581 | $109705 | $170404 | $79112 |
| Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Available for sale | 954371 | 965531 | 1057018 | 1119362 | 1178515 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Held-to-maturity, net | 188975 | 197538 | 204933 | 211173 | 205581 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total investment securities | 1143346 | 1163069 | 1261951 | 1330535 | 1384096 |
| Loans held for sale | 550 | 2074 | 4265 | 5544 | 6202 |
| Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial business | 664249 | 633894 | 611102 | 625141 | 638293 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial mortgage | 1679840 | 1564545 | 1448152 | 1434759 | 1412788 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Residential real estate loans | 589960 | 577821 | 574784 | 574895 | 577299 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Residential real estate lines | 77670 | 77336 | 76108 | 76860 | 78531 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Consumer indirect | 1023620 | 997423 | 1039251 | 1007404 | 958048 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other consumer | 15110 | 15832 | 14621 | 14589 | 14477 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total loans | 4050449 | 3866851 | 3764018 | 3733648 | 3679436 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Allowance for credit losses - loans | 45413 | 44106 | 42452 | 40966 | 39676 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total loans, net | 4005036 | 3822745 | 3721566 | 3692682 | 3639760 |
| Total interest-earning assets | 5428533 | 5073983 | 5206795 | 5266351 | 5105608 |
| Goodwill and other intangible assets, net | 73414 | 73653 | 73897 | 74146 | 74400 |
| Total assets | 5797272 | 5624482 | 5568198 | 5630498 | 5520779 |
| Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Noninterest-bearing demand | 1139214 | 1135125 | 1114460 | 1079949 | 1107561 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest-bearing demand | 863822 | 946431 | 877661 | 990404 | 864528 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Savings and money market | 1643516 | 1800321 | 1845186 | 2015384 | 1933047 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Time deposits | 1282872 | 1023277 | 983209 | 917195 | 921954 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total deposits | 4929424 | 4905154 | 4820516 | 5002932 | 4827090 |
| Short-term borrowings | 205000 | 69000 | 109000 | - | 30000 |
| Long-term borrowings, net | 74222 | 74144 | 74067 | 73989 | 73911 |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 4069432 | 3913173 | 3889123 | 3996972 | 3823440 |
| Shareholders' equity | 405605 | 394048 | 425801 | 446846 | 505142 |
| Common shareholders' equity | 388313 | 376756 | 408509 | 429554 | 487850 |
| Tangible common equity (1) | 314899 | 303103 | 334612 | 355408 | 413450 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | $(137487) | $(141183) | $(99724) | $(67094) | $(13207) |
| Common shares outstanding | 15340 | 15334 | 15334 | 15299 | 15745 |
| Treasury shares | 760 | 765 | 765 | 800 | 354 |
| **CAPITAL RATIOS AND PER SHARE DATA:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Leverage ratio | 8.33% | 8.35% | 8.20% | 8.13% | 8.23% |
| Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio | 9.42% | 9.75% | 9.91% | 9.85% | 10.28% |
| Tier 1 capital ratio | 9.78% | 10.12% | 10.29% | 10.24% | 10.68% |
| Total risk-based capital ratio | 12.13% | 12.53% | 12.75% | 12.72% | 13.12% |
| Common equity to assets | 6.70% | 6.70% | 7.34% | 7.63% | 8.84% |
| Tangible common equity to tangible assets (1) | 5.50% | 5.46% | 6.09% | 6.40% | 7.59% |
| Common book value per share | $25.31 | $24.57 | $26.64 | $28.08 | $30.98 |
| Tangible common book value per share (1) | $20.53 | $19.77 | $21.82 | $23.23 | $26.26 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> See Appendix A — Reconciliation to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the computation of this non-GAAP measure.

------

**FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC.<br>Selected Financial Information (Unaudited)**<br>(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Twelve Months Ended** | **Twelve Months Ended** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **Fourth** | **Third** | **Second** | **First** | **Fourth** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** |
| **SELECTED INCOME STATEMENT** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**DATA:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest income | $196107 | $167205 | $57805 | $50675 | $45276 | $42351 | $43753 |
| Interest expense | 28735 | 12475 | 14656 | 7607 | 3679 | 2793 | 2885 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net interest income | 167372 | 154730 | 43149 | 43068 | 41597 | 39558 | 40868 |
| Provision (benefit) for credit losses | 13311 | (8336) | 6115 | 4314 | 563 | 2319 | (1192) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net interest income after provision <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(benefit) for credit losses | 154061 | 163066 | 37034 | 38754 | 41034 | 37239 | 42060 |
| Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Service charges on deposits | 5889 | 5571 | 1486 | 1597 | 1437 | 1369 | 1490 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Insurance income | 6364 | 5750 | 1462 | 1571 | 1234 | 2097 | 1343 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Card interchange income | 8205 | 8498 | 2074 | 2076 | 2103 | 1952 | 2228 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investment advisory | 11493 | 11672 | 2824 | 2722 | 2906 | 3041 | 3045 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Company owned life insurance | 5542 | 2947 | 875 | 2965 | 869 | 833 | 821 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investments in limited partnerships | 1293 | 2081 | 191 | 65 | 242 | 795 | 294 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Loan servicing | 507 | 415 | 124 | 139 | 135 | 109 | 122 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Income from derivative instruments, net | 1919 | 2695 | 656 | 99 | 645 | 519 | 1035 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net gain (loss) on sale of loans held for sale | 1227 | 2950 | 182 | 308 | 828 | (91) | 482 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net (loss) gain on investment securities | (15) | 71 | - | - | (15) | - | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net (loss) gain on other assets | (16) | 441 | (1) | (22) | 7 | - | 155 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss on tax credit investments | (815) | (431) | (111) | (385) | (92) | (227) | (493) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 4678 | 4246 | 1175 | 1517 | 1061 | 925 | 1152 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total noninterest income | 46271 | 46906 | 10937 | 12652 | 11360 | 11322 | 11674 |
| Noninterest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Salaries and employee benefits | 69633 | 60893 | 18101 | 17950 | 16966 | 16616 | 16111 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Occupancy and equipment | 15103 | 14371 | 3539 | 3793 | 4015 | 3756 | 3869 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Professional services | 5592 | 6535 | 1420 | 1247 | 1269 | 1656 | 1437 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Computer and data processing | 17638 | 14112 | 4679 | 4407 | 4573 | 3979 | 3952 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Supplies and postage | 1943 | 1769 | 493 | 440 | 469 | 541 | 408 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;FDIC assessments | 2440 | 2624 | 655 | 651 | 621 | 513 | 682 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Advertising and promotions | 2013 | 1704 | 576 | 651 | 406 | 380 | 470 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of intangibles | 986 | 1060 | 239 | 244 | 249 | 254 | 259 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Restructuring charges | 1619 | 111 | 350 | - | 1269 | - | 111 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 12395 | 9571 | 3461 | 3444 | 3050 | 2440 | 2598 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total noninterest expense | 129362 | 112750 | 33513 | 32827 | 32887 | 30135 | 29897 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income before income taxes | 70970 | 97222 | 14458 | 18579 | 19507 | 18426 | 23837 |
| Income tax expense | 14397 | 19525 | 2370 | 4725 | 3859 | 3443 | 4225 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | 56573 | 77697 | 12088 | 13854 | 15648 | 14983 | 19612 |
| Preferred stock dividends | 1459 | 1460 | 364 | 365 | 365 | 365 | 365 |
| Net income available to common |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shareholders | $55114 | $76237 | $11724 | $13489 | $15283 | $14618 | $19247 |
| **FINANCIAL RATIOS:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Earnings per share – basic | $3.58 | $4.81 | $0.76 | $0.88 | $1.00 | $0.94 | $1.22 |
| Earnings per share – diluted | $3.56 | $4.78 | $0.76 | $0.88 | $0.99 | $0.93 | $1.21 |
| Cash dividends declared on common stock | $1.16 | $1.08 | $0.29 | $0.29 | $0.29 | $0.29 | $0.27 |
| Common dividend payout ratio | 32.40% | 22.45% | 38.16% | 32.95% | 29.00% | 30.85% | 22.13% |
| Dividend yield (annualized) | 4.76% | 3.40% | 4.72% | 4.78% | 4.47% | 3.90% | 3.37% |
| Return on average assets (annualized) | 1.01% | 1.46% | 0.85% | 0.98% | 1.12% | 1.09% | 1.39% |
| Return on average equity (annualized) | 12.81% | 16.01% | 11.92% | 12.55% | 14.40% | 12.35% | 15.55% |
| Return on average common equity (annualized) | 12.99% | 16.29% | 12.08% | 12.72% | 14.64% | 12.49% | 15.81% |
| Return on average tangible common |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;equity (annualized) (1) | 15.72% | 19.37% | 14.94% | 15.43% | 17.79% | 14.81% | 18.69% |
| Efficiency ratio (2) | 60.39% | 55.76% | 61.82% | 58.78% | 61.91% | 59.06% | 56.76% |
| Effective tax rate | 20.3% | 20.1% | 16.4% | 25.4% | 19.8% | 18.7% | 17.7% |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> See Appendix A – Reconciliation to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the computation of this non-GAAP measure.

<sup>(2)</sup> The efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing noninterest expense by net revenue, i.e., the sum of net interest income (fully taxable equivalent) and noninterest income before net gains on investment securities. This is a banking industry measure not required by GAAP.

------

**FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC.<br>Selected Financial Information (Unaudited)**

(Amounts in thousands)

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Twelve Months Ended** | **Twelve Months Ended** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **Fourth** | **Third** | **Second** | **First** | **Fourth** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** |
| **SELECTED AVERAGE BALANCES:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Federal funds sold and interest-<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;earning deposits | $49055 | $169504 | $49073 | $42183 | $60429 | $44559 | $148293 |
| Investment securities (1) | 1384208 | 1129012 | 1332776 | 1369166 | 1416065 | 1419947 | 1361898 |
| Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial business | 628729 | 734748 | 636470 | 623916 | 626574 | 627915 | 649926 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial mortgage | 1502904 | 1327772 | 1633298 | 1514138 | 1429910 | 1431933 | 1392375 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Residential real estate loans | 579362 | 593375 | 582352 | 577094 | 576990 | 581021 | 586358 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Residential real estate lines | 77132 | 82210 | 77342 | 76853 | 76730 | 77610 | 78594 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Consumer indirect | 1008026 | 896769 | 1003728 | 1012787 | 1045720 | 969441 | 946551 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other consumer | 14636 | 15305 | 15175 | 14648 | 14183 | 14531 | 14997 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total loans | 3810789 | 3650179 | 3948365 | 3819436 | 3770107 | 3702451 | 3668801 |
| Total interest-earning assets | 5244052 | 4948695 | 5330214 | 5230785 | 5246601 | 5166957 | 5178992 |
| Goodwill and other intangible<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;assets, net | 73913 | 74411 | 73547 | 73791 | 74037 | 74287 | 74544 |
| Total assets | 5606733 | 5335808 | 5667331 | 5599964 | 5598217 | 5560316 | 5582987 |
| Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest-bearing demand | 909799 | 827891 | 923374 | 854015 | 938995 | 923425 | 880723 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Savings and money market | 1852571 | 1864567 | 1764230 | 1817413 | 1882998 | 1948050 | 1997508 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Time deposits | 1008092 | 907973 | 1116135 | 1031162 | 954862 | 927886 | 923080 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term borrowings | 86139 | 538 | 87783 | 136610 | 94242 | 24672 | 982 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term borrowings, net | 74059 | 73749 | 74175 | 74096 | 74019 | 73942 | 73864 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total interest-bearing liabilities | 3930660 | 3674718 | 3965697 | 3913296 | 3945116 | 3897975 | 3876157 |
| Noninterest-bearing demand deposits | 1105281 | 1105227 | 1123223 | 1115759 | 1098084 | 1083506 | 1134100 |
| Total deposits | 4875743 | 4705658 | 4926962 | 4818349 | 4874939 | 4882867 | 4935411 |
| Total liabilities | 5165020 | 4850417 | 5265134 | 5162057 | 5162293 | 5068464 | 5082583 |
| Shareholders' equity | 441713 | 485391 | 402197 | 437907 | 435924 | 491852 | 500404 |
| Common equity | 424421 | 468085 | 384905 | 420615 | 418632 | 474560 | 483112 |
| Tangible common equity (2) | $350508 | $393674 | $311358 | $346824 | $344595 | $400273 | $408568 |
| Common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 15384 | 15841 | 15330 | 15329 | 15306 | 15577 | 15815 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 15471 | 15937 | 15413 | 15393 | 15385 | 15699 | 15928 |
| **SELECTED AVERAGE YIELDS:<br>(Tax equivalent basis)** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment securities | 1.81% | 1.75% | 1.88% | 1.81% | 1.82% | 1.74% | 1.65% |
| Loans | 4.48% | 4.05% | 5.15% | 4.62% | 4.13% | 3.97% | 4.14% |
| Total interest-earning assets | 3.75% | 3.39% | 4.32% | 3.86% | 3.47% | 3.32% | 3.37% |
| Interest-bearing demand | 0.24% | 0.14% | 0.52% | 0.18% | 0.12% | 0.12% | 0.14% |
| Savings and money market | 0.53% | 0.18% | 1.20% | 0.56% | 0.23% | 0.16% | 0.16% |
| Time deposits | 1.09% | 0.40% | 2.31% | 1.12% | 0.41% | 0.28% | 0.30% |
| Short-term borrowings | 1.74% | 22.33% | 2.48% | 1.95% | 1.07% | 0.45% | 0.35% |
| Long-term borrowings, net | 5.73% | 5.75% | 5.72% | 5.72% | 5.73% | 5.74% | 5.74% |
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 0.73% | 0.34% | 1.47% | 0.77% | 0.37% | 0.29% | 0.30% |
| Net interest rate spread | 3.02% | 3.05% | 2.85% | 3.09% | 3.10% | 3.03% | 3.07% |
| Net interest margin | 3.20% | 3.14% | 3.23% | 3.28% | 3.19% | 3.11% | 3.15% |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Includes investment securities at adjusted amortized cost.

<sup>(2)</sup> See Appendix A – Reconciliation to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for the computation of this non-GAAP measure.

------

**FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC.<br>Selected Financial Information (Unaudited)**<br>(Amounts in thousands)

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Twelve Months Ended** | **Twelve Months Ended** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **Fourth** | **Third** | **Second** | **First** | **Fourth** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** |
| **ASSET QUALITY DATA:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Beginning balance | $39676 | $52420 | $44106 | $42452 | $40966 | $39676 | $45444 |
| Net loan charge-offs (recoveries): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial business | (64) | (212) | (21) | (96) | 90 | (37) | 177 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial mortgage | (853) | 3814 | 1167 | (1) | (2018) | (1) | 3618 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Residential real estate loans | 279 | 56 | 242 | (4) | 46 | (5) | 32 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Residential real estate lines | (1) | 141 | (19) | 35 | (12) | (5) | 11 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Consumer indirect | 4538 | 1256 | 1451 | 1890 | 647 | 550 | 674 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other consumer | 1339 | 705 | 518 | 329 | 207 | 285 | 168 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total net (recoveries) charge-offs | 5238 | 5760 | 3338 | 2153 | (1040) | 787 | 4680 |
| Provision (benefit) for credit losses - loans | 10975 | (6984) | 4645 | 3807 | 446 | 2077 | (1088) |
| Ending balance | $45413 | $39676 | $45413 | $44106 | $42452 | $40966 | $39676 |
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to average loans (annualized): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial business | -0.01% | -0.03% | -0.01% | -0.06% | 0.06% | -0.02% | 0.11% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial mortgage | -0.06% | 0.29% | 0.28% | 0.00% | -0.57% | 0.00% | 1.03% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Residential real estate loans | 0.05% | 0.01% | 0.16% | 0.00% | 0.03% | 0.00% | 0.02% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Residential real estate lines | 0.00% | 0.17% | -0.10% | 0.18% | -0.06% | -0.03% | 0.05% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Consumer indirect | 0.45% | 0.14% | 0.57% | 0.74% | 0.25% | 0.23% | 0.28% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other consumer | 9.15% | 4.61% | 13.57% | 8.90% | 5.86% | 7.95% | 4.43% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total loans | 0.14% | 0.16% | 0.34% | 0.22% | -0.11% | 0.09% | 0.51% |
| **Supplemental information (1)** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Non-performing loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial business | $340 | $1399 | $340 | $1358 | $422 | $990 | $1399 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial mortgage | 2564 | 6414 | 2564 | 843 | 836 | 3838 | 6414 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Residential real estate loans | 4071 | 2373 | 4071 | 3550 | 2738 | 2878 | 2373 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Residential real estate lines | 142 | 200 | 142 | 119 | 160 | 128 | 200 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Consumer indirect | 3079 | 1780 | 3079 | 2666 | 2389 | 1771 | 1780 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other consumer | 2 | - | 2 | - | 3 | 12 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total non-performing loans | 10198 | 12166 | 10198 | 8536 | 6548 | 9617 | 12166 |
| Foreclosed assets | 19 | - | 19 | - | - | - | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total non-performing assets | $10217 | $12166 | $10217 | $8536 | $6548 | $9617 | $12166 |
| Total non-performing loans<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to total loans | 0.25% | 0.33% | 0.25% | 0.22% | 0.17% | 0.26% | 0.33% |
| Total non-performing assets<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to total assets | 0.18% | 0.22% | 0.18% | 0.15% | 0.12% | 0.17% | 0.22% |
| Allowance for credit losses - loans<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to total loans | 1.12% | 1.08% | 1.12% | 1.14% | 1.13% | 1.10% | 1.08% |
| Allowance for credit losses - loans<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to non-performing loans | 445% | 326% | 445% | 517% | 648% | 426% | 326% |

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<sup>(1)</sup> At period end.

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**FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INC.<br>Appendix A — Reconciliation to Non-GAAP Financial Measures (Unaudited)**<br>(In thousands, except per share amounts)

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Twelve Months Ended** | **Twelve Months Ended** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **Fourth** | **Third** | **Second** | **First** | **Fourth** |
|  | **2022** | **2021** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** | **Quarter** |
| **Ending tangible assets:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total assets |  |  | $5797272 | $5624482 | $5568198 | $5630498 | $5520779 |
| Less: Goodwill and other intangible<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; assets, net |  |  | 73414 | 73653 | 73897 | 74146 | 74400 |
| Tangible assets |  |  | $5723858 | $5550829 | $5494301 | $5556352 | $5446379 |
| **Ending tangible common equity:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Common shareholders' equity |  |  | $388313 | $376756 | $408509 | $429554 | $487850 |
| Less: Goodwill and other intangible<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; assets, net |  |  | 73414 | 73653 | 73897 | 74146 | 74400 |
| Tangible common equity |  |  | $314899 | $303103 | $334612 | $355408 | $413450 |
| Tangible common equity to tangible<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; assets (1) |  |  | 5.50% | 5.46% | 6.09% | 6.40% | 7.59% |
| Common shares outstanding |  |  | 15340 | 15334 | 15334 | 15299 | 15745 |
| Tangible common book value per<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; share (2) |  |  | $20.53 | $19.77 | $21.82 | $23.23 | $26.26 |
| **Average tangible assets:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Average assets | $5606733 | $5335808 | $5667331 | $5599964 | $5598217 | $5560316 | $5582987 |
| Less: Average goodwill and other<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; intangible assets, net | 73913 | 74411 | 73547 | 73791 | 74037 | 74287 | 74544 |
| Average tangible assets | $5532820 | $5261397 | $5593784 | $5526173 | $5524180 | $5486029 | $5508443 |
| **Average tangible common equity:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Average common equity | $424421 | $468085 | $384905 | $420615 | $418632 | $474560 | $483112 |
| Less: Average goodwill and other<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; intangible assets, net | 73913 | 74411 | 73547 | 73791 | 74037 | 74287 | 74544 |
| Average tangible common equity | $350508 | $393674 | $311358 | $346824 | $344595 | $400273 | $408568 |
| Net income available to<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; common shareholders | $55114 | $76237 | $11724 | $13489 | $15283 | $14618 | $19247 |
| Return on average tangible common<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; equity (3) | 15.72% | 19.37% | 14.94% | 15.43% | 17.79% | 14.81% | 18.69% |
| **Pre-tax pre-provision income:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net income | $56573 | $77697 | $12088 | $13854 | $15648 | $14983 | $19612 |
| Add: Income tax expense | 14397 | 19525 | 2370 | 4725 | 3859 | 3443 | 4225 |
| Add: Provision (benefit) for credit losses | 13311 | (8336) | 6115 | 4314 | 563 | 2319 | (1192) |
| Pre-tax pre-provision income | $84281 | $88886 | $20573 | $22893 | $20070 | $20745 | $22645 |
| Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Restructuring charges | 1619 | 111 | 350 | - | 1269 | - | 111 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Enhancement from COLI surrender and redeployment | (1997) | - | - | (1997) | - | - | - |
| Adjusted pre-tax pre-provision income | $83903 | $88997 | $20923 | $20896 | $21339 | $20745 | $22756 |
| Less: PPP accretion interest income and fees | (2271) | (9863) | (78) | (312) | (809) | (1072) | (2776) |
| Pre-PPP adjusted pre-tax pre-provision income | $81632 | $79134 | $20845 | $20584 | $20530 | $19673 | $19980 |
| **Total loans excluding PPP loans:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total loans |  |  | $4050449 | $3866851 | $3764018 | $3733648 | $3679436 |
| Less: Total PPP loans |  |  | 1161 | 2783 | 8910 | 31399 | 55344 |
| Total loans excluding PPP loans |  |  | $4049288 | $3864068 | $3755108 | $3702249 | $3624092 |
| Allowance for credit losses - loans |  |  | $45413 | $44106 | $42452 | $40966 | $39676 |
| Allowance for credit losses - loans to<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; total loans excluding PPP loans (4) |  |  | 1.12% | 1.14% | 1.13% | 1.11% | 1.09% |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Tangible common equity divided by tangible assets.

<sup>(2)</sup> Tangible common equity divided by common shares outstanding.

<sup>(3)</sup> Net income available to common shareholders (annualized) divided by average tangible common equity.

<sup>(4)</sup> Allowance for credit losses – loans divided by total loans excluding PPP loans.

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