# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001855485
**File Stem:** 0001493152-26-009037
**Filing Date:** 2026-3
**Character Count:** 30236
**Document Hash:** c3e1e3a43d2212d0f56b733850e4cf42
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001493152-26-009037.hdr.sgml**: 20260305

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001493152-26-009037

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: S-3MEF

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 15

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260305

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260305

**EFFECTIVENESS DATE**: 20260305

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001855485
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS (NO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES) [2836]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 03 Life Sciences
- **EIN:** 862967193
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** S-3MEF
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-294074
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26728356

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 4475 EXECUTIVE DRIVE
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 200
- **CITY:** SAN DIEGO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 92121
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 858-794-9600

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 4475 EXECUTIVE DRIVE
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 200
- **CITY:** SAN DIEGO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 92121

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** First Light Acquisition Group, Inc.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20210406

**As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 5, 2026**

**Registration No. 333-284229**

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM S-3**

**REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER**

**THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933**

**CALIDI BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **86-2967193** |
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of<br> Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer<br> Identification Number) |

---

**4475 Executive Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121**

**Telephone: (858) 794-9600**

(*Address, including zip code, and telephone number,*

*including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices*)

**Dr. Eric Poma**

**Chief Executive Officer**

**Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.**

**4475 Executive Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121**

**Telephone: (858) 794-9600**

(*Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)*

***Copies of all communications to:***

 ****

**Marcelle Balcombe**

**Rohini Sud**

**Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP**

**1185 Avenue of the Americas**

**New York, NY 10036**

**(212) 653-8700**

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: **From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.**

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☒

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ <br> Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ <br> Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐

**EXPLANATORY NOTE AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE**

This registration statement is being filed to register an additional $4,200,000 of securities, including common stock, preferred stock, warrants and units comprised of same, of Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc. (the "Company"), pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and General Instruction IV of Form S-3 (the "Prior Registration Statement"). This registration statement incorporates by reference the contents of the registrant's registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-284229), which was declared effective by the Commission on February 7, 2025, including all amendments and exhibits thereto and all information incorporated by reference therein, other than the exhibits filed herewith. The Company is filing this Registration Statement for the sole purpose of increasing the maximum aggregate offering amount of securities registered under the Prior Registration Statement by $4,200,000.

The required opinion and consents are listed on an Exhibit Index attached hereto and filed herewith.

**Item 16. Exhibits.**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br>**Number** | <br>**Description of Exhibit** |
| 5.1 | [Opinion of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP.](ex5-1.htm) |
| 23.1 | [Consent of CBIZ](ex23-1.htm) |
| 23.2 | [Consent of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1).](ex5-1.htm) |
| 24.1\* | [Power of Attorney](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1855485/000149315225001755/forms-3.htm) |
| 107 | [Filing Fee Table.](ex107.htm) |

---

\* Previously filed and included on signature page

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Diego, State of California, on March 5, 2026.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.** | **Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.** |
| By: | */s/ Eric Poma* |
| Name: | Eric Poma |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
|  | (Principal Executive Officer) |
| By: | */s/ Andrew Jackson* |
| Name: | Andrew Jackson |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer |
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| */s/ Eric Poma* | March 5, 2026 |
| Eric Poma |  |
| Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |  |
| */s/ Andrew Jackson* | March 5, 2026 |
| Andrew Jackson |  |
| Chief Financial Officer<br> (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |  |
| */s/ \** | March 5, 2026 |
| Alan Stewart |  |
| Director |  |
| */s/ \** | March 5, 2026 |
| James Schoeneck |  |
| Director |  |
| */s/ \** | March 5, 2026 |
| Scott Leftwich |  |
| Director |  |
| */s/ \** | March 5, 2026 |
| George Peoples |  |
| Director |  |
| */s/ \** | March 5, 2026 |
| Allan J. Camaisa |  |
| Director |  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| \* | */s/ Andrew Jackson* |
|  | Andrew Jackson |
|  | Attorney-in-Fact |

---

## Exhibit 5.1

**Exhibit 5.1**

![](ex5-1_001.jpg)

March 5, 2026

**VIA ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION** 

Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.

4475 Executive Drive, Suite 200

San Diego, CA 92121

Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-284229)

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc. a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), in connection with in connection with the preparation and filing on the date hereof with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") of a registration statement on Form S-3 (the "462(b) Registration Statement") pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"). The 462(b) Registration Statement incorporates by reference the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-284229) initially filed with the Commission on January 10, 2025 under the Act, which was declared effective by the Commission on February 7, 2025 (the "Initial Registration Statement" and, together with the 462(b) Registration Statement, the "Registration Statement"). This opinion is furnished in connection with the filing of the 462(b) Registration Statement, which is registering the offering by the Company of up to an additional $4,200,000 of Securities, as defined below.

The 462(b) Registration Statement relates to the proposed issuance and sale from time to time, pursuant to Rule 415 and Rule 462(b) of the rules and regulations promulgated under the Act, as set forth in the prospectus which forms a part of the Registration Statement (the "Prospectus") and as to be set forth in one more supplements to the Prospectus, free-writing prospectuses or term sheets (each, a "Prospectus Supplement") of up to an additional $4,200,000 consisting of (i) shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Common Stock"), (ii) shares of the Company's preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Preferred Stock"), (iii) warrants ("Warrants") to purchase Common Stock or Preferred Stock, or (iv) units consisting of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, or Warrants, or any combination thereof, in one or more series (the "Units"). The Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants and Units are collectively referred to herein as the "Securities."

We have examined originals or certified copies of such corporate records of the Company and other certificates and documents of officials of the Company, public officials and others as we have deemed appropriate for purposes of this letter. We have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of each natural person signing any document reviewed by us, the authority of each person signing in a representative capacity (other than the Company) any document reviewed by us, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity to authentic original documents of all copies submitted to us or filed with the Commission as conformed and certified or reproduced copies. As to any facts material to our opinion, we have made no independent investigation of such facts and have relied, to the extent that we deem such reliance proper, upon certificates of public officials and officers or other representatives of the Company.

Based upon the foregoing and subject to the assumptions, exceptions, qualifications and limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. With respect to Securities constituting Common Stock to be sold by the Company, when (i) the Company has taken all necessary action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Common Stock, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters and (ii) such Common Stock has been issued and delivered, with certificates representing such Common Stock having been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered or, if uncertificated, valid book-entry notations therefor having been made in the share register of the Company, in accordance with the terms of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement or, if such Common Stock is issuable upon the exercise of Warrants, the applicable warrant agreement therefor, against payment (or delivery) of the consideration therefor provided for therein, such Common Stock (including any Common Stock duly issued upon exercise of Warrants that are exercisable to purchase Common Stock) will have been duly authorized and validly issued and will be fully paid and non-assessable.

1185 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS \| 31ST FLOOR \| NEW YORK, NY \| 10036

T (212) 930-9700 \| F (212) 930-9725 \| WWW.SRFC.LAW

![](ex5-1_001.jpg)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. With respect to Securities constituting Preferred Stock, when (i) the Company has taken all necessary action to authorize and approve the issuance and terms of the shares of the series of such Preferred Stock, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, including the adoption of a resolution fixing the number of shares in any series of Preferred Stock and the designation of relative rights, preferences and limitations in any series of Preferred Stock and the filing of a certificate of designation with respect to the series with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware as required by the Delaware General Corporation Law and (ii) such Preferred Stock has been issued and delivered, with certificates representing such Preferred Stock having been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered or, if uncertificated, valid book-entry notations therefor having been made in the share register of the Company, in accordance with the terms of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement or, if such Preferred Stock is issuable upon the exercise of Warrants, the applicable warrant agreement therefor, against payment (or delivery) of the consideration therefor provided for therein, such Preferred Stock (including any Preferred Stock duly issued upon exercise of Warrants that are exercisable to purchase Preferred Stock) will have been duly authorized and validly issued and will be fully paid and non-assessable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. With respect to the Warrants, when (i) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the creation of and the issuance and terms of the Warrants, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters; (ii) the warrant agreement or agreements relating to the Warrants have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the warrant agent appointed by the Company; and (iii) the Warrants or certificates representing the Warrants have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered in accordance with the appropriate warrant agreement or agreements and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the Board, upon payment of the consideration therefor provided for therein, the Warrants will be validly issued and will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. With respect to Securities constituting Units, when (i) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the creation of and the issuance and terms of the Units, terms of the offering thereof and related matters; (ii) the agreement or agreements relating to the Securities comprising the Units have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company; and (iii) the certificates representing the Securities comprising the Units have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered in accordance with the appropriate agreements, the Units will be valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with the their terms.

The opinions and other matters in this letter are qualified in their entirety and subject to the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A. With respect to the opinions above, we have assumed that, in the case of each offering and sale of Securities, (i) the Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments), will have become effective under the Act and such effectiveness or qualification shall not have been terminated or rescinded; (ii) a Prospectus Supplement will have been prepared and filed with the Commission describing such Securities; (iii) such Securities will have been issued and sold in compliance with applicable United States federal and state securities Laws (hereinafter defined) and pursuant to and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the applicable Prospectus Supplement; (iv) unless such Securities constitute Common Stock or Preferred Stock issuable upon exchange or conversion of Securities constituting Common Stock or Preferred Stock, or Common Stock or Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of Warrants, a definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to the issuance and sale of such Securities will have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto; (v) at the time of the issuance of such Securities, (a) the Company will validly exist and be duly qualified and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation and (b) the Company will have the necessary corporate power and due authorization; (vi) the terms of such Securities and of their issuance and sale will have been established in conformity with and so as not to violate, or result in a default under or breach of, the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Company and any applicable law or any agreement or instrument binding upon the Company and so as to comply with any requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental or regulatory body having jurisdiction over the Company; (vii) if such Securities constitute Common Stock or Preferred Stock, (a) sufficient shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock will be authorized for issuance under the articles of incorporation of the Company that have not otherwise been issued or reserved for issuance and (b) the consideration for the issuance and sale of such Common Stock or Preferred Stock established by the Board and provided for in the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement (or, if Common Stock or Preferred Stock is issuable upon exercise of Warrants, the applicable warrant agreement) will not be less than the par value of such Common Stock or Preferred Stock; (viii) if such Securities constitute Common Stock or Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of Warrants, the action with respect to such Warrants referred to in Paragraph 3 above will have been taken; and (ix) if such Securities constitute Warrants that are exercisable for Securities constituting Common Stock or Preferred Stock, the Company will have then taken all necessary action to authorize and approve the issuance of such Common Stock or Preferred Stock upon exercise of such Warrants, the terms of such exercise and related matters and to reserve such Common Stock or Preferred Stock for issuance upon such exercise.

1185 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS \| 31ST FLOOR \| NEW YORK, NY \| 10036

T (212) 930-9700 \| F (212) 930-9725 \| WWW.SRFC.LAW

![](ex5-1_001.jpg)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B. This letter is limited to matters governed by the Delaware General Corporation Law and by the laws of the State of New York ("Laws").

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C. This letter is limited to the matters stated herein, and no opinion is implied or may be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. We assume herein no obligation, and hereby disclaim any obligation, to make any inquiry after the date hereof or to advise you of any future changes in the foregoing or of any fact or circumstance that may hereafter come to our attention.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D. The matters expressed in this letter are subject to and qualified and limited by (i) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer and conveyance, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting creditors' rights and remedies generally, and (ii) general principles of equity, including principles of commercial reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity).

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the caption "Legal Matters" in the Registration Statement and in the Prospectus and in any supplement thereto. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

Very truly yours,

**/s/ Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP**

1185 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS \| 31ST FLOOR \| NEW YORK, NY \| 10036

T (212) 930-9700 \| F (212) 930-9725 \| WWW.SRFC.LAW

## Exhibit 23.1

**Exhibit 23.1**

**<u>CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</u>**

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated March 31, 2025, with respect to the financial statements of Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc. for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.

/s/ Marcum LLP

Marcum LLP

Costa Mesa, CA

March 5, 2026

## Ex-Filing

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? EX-FILING FEES

---

| |
|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Calculation of Filing Fee Tables**  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **S-3**  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc.**  |

---

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Security Type**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Security Class Title**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Maximum Aggregate Offering Price**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Rate**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Amount of Registration Fee**  |
| **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** |
|  |  | Equity | Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share | 457(o) |  |  |  |
|  |  | Equity | Preferred Stock, par value $0.00001 per share | 457(o) |  |  |  |
|  |  | Other | Warrants | 457(o) |  |  |  |
|  |  | Other | Units | 457(o) |  |  |  |
| Fees to be Paid | 1 | Unallocated (Universal) Shelf |  | 457(o) | $4200000.00 | 0.0001381 | $580.02 |
| Fees Previously Paid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Carry Forward Securities** | **Carry Forward Securities** | **Carry Forward Securities** | **Carry Forward Securities** | **Carry Forward Securities** | **Carry Forward Securities** | **Carry Forward Securities** | **Carry Forward Securities** |
| Carry Forward Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  | Total Offering Amounts: | Total Offering Amounts: | $4200000.00  |  | $580.02  |
|  |  |  | Total Fees Previously Paid:  | Total Fees Previously Paid:  |  |  | $0.00  |
|  |  |  | Total Fee Offsets:  | Total Fee Offsets:  |  |  | $0.00  |
|  |  |  | Net Fee Due:  | Net Fee Due:  |  |  | $580.02  |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Offering Note** <br>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <sup>1</sup> (a) The registrant previously registered the offer and sale of certain securities having a proposed maximum aggregate offering price of $25,000,000 pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-284229) (the "Prior Registration Statement"), which was initially on January 10, 2025, and was declared effective by the SEC on February 7, 2025. As of the date hereof, a balance of $21,000,000 of such securities remains unsold under the Prior Registration Statement. In accordance with Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and General Instruction IV(A) of Form S-3, the registrant is hereby registering the offer and sale of an additional $4,200,000 of its securities. The additional amount of securities that is being registered for offer and sale represents no more than 20% of the maximum aggregate offering price of the remaining securities available to be sold under the Prior Registration Statement. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, this Registration Statement on Form S-3 (this "Registration Statement") shall also cover any additional shares of the registrant's Common Stock that become issuable in respect of the securities identified in the above table by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction effected without the registrant's receipt of consideration which results in an increase in the number of the outstanding shares of the registrant's Common Stock. (b) The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to Instruction 2.A.ii.b to Item 16(b) of Form S-3. (c) The maximum aggregate offering price has been estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act. No separate consideration will be received for shares of common stock that are issued upon conversion of debt securities or preferred stock or upon exercise of warrants registered hereunder. The aggregate maximum offering price of all securities issued by the registrant pursuant to this Registration Statement will not exceed $4,200,000.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | |
| **Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)** | **Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)** |
| Fee Offset Claims | N/A |
| Fee Offset Sources | N/A |
| **Rule 457(p)** | **Rule 457(p)** |
| Fee Offset Claims | N/A |
| Fee Offset Sources | N/A |

---

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Security Type**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Security Class Title**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Amount of Securities Previously Registered**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of Securities Previously Registered**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Form Type**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **File Number**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Initial Effective Date**  |
| N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |

---