# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001645113
**File Stem:** 0001645113-25-000042
**Filing Date:** 2025-10
**Character Count:** 137292
**Document Hash:** 1472bdceda3fe72a81366af26a1cad8d
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001645113-25-000042.hdr.sgml**: 20251030

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001645113-25-000042

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 65

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250930

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251030

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20251030

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** NovoCure Ltd
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001645113
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SURGICAL & MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS & APPARATUS [3841]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 08 Industrial Applications and Services
- **EIN:** 000000000
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-37565
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251432128

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **ADDRESS IS A NON US LOCATION:** YES
- **STREET 1:** NO. 4 THE FORUM
- **STREET 2:** GRENVILLE STREET
- **CITY:** ST. HELIER
- **PROVINCE COUNTRY:** Y9
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 44 (0)15 3475 6700

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **ADDRESS IS A NON US LOCATION:** YES
- **STREET 1:** NO. 4 THE FORUM
- **STREET 2:** GRENVILLE STREET
- **CITY:** ST. HELIER
- **PROVINCE COUNTRY:** Y9

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Novocure Ltd
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20150615

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? nvcr-20250930

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**_______________________________________________________**

**FORM 10-Q**

**(Mark One)**

☒ **QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025** 

**or**

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to**

**Commission File Number 001-37565**

**NovoCure Limited**

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Jersey** | **98-1057807** |
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
| Incorporation or Organization) | Identification No.) |

---

**No. 4 The Forum**

**Grenville Street**

**St. Helier, Jersey JE2 4UF**

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

**+44 (0) 15 3475 6700**

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

**Not Applicable**

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, If Changed Since Last Report)

**_______________________________________________________**

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered <br> <u>Ordinary Shares, no par value</u> <u>NVCR</u> <u>The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC</u>

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☒&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |
| | | Emerging growth company | ☐ |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ☒.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Class** | **Outstanding as of October 24, 2025** |
| Ordinary shares, no par value | 111,981,981 Shares |

---

------

**CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

In addition to historical facts or statements of current condition, this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements contained in this report are based on our current plans, expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies concerning future developments and their impact on us. Forward-looking statements contained in this report constitute our expectations or forecasts of future events as of the date this report was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not statements of historical fact. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Such statements may include words such as "anticipate," "will," "estimate," "expect," "project," "intend," "should," "plan," "believe," "hope," and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with any discussion of, among other things, future operating or financial performance, strategic initiatives and business strategies, regulatory or competitive environments, our intellectual property and research and development related to our Tumor Treating Fields ("TTFields") devices marketed under various brand names, including "Optune Gio," "Optune Lua," and software, tools and other items to support and optimize the delivery of TTFields therapy (collectively, the "Products"). In particular, these forward-looking statements include, among others, statements about:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our research and development, clinical study and commercialization activities and projected expenditures;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the further commercialization of our Products for current and future indications;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our business strategies and the expansion of our sales and marketing efforts in the United States ("U.S.") and in other countries;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the market acceptance of our Products for current and future indications by patients, physicians, third-party payers and others in the healthcare and scientific community;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our plans to pursue the use of our Products for the treatment of indications other than glioblastoma ("GBM"), non-small cell lung cancer ("NSCLC") and malignant pleural mesothelioma ("MPM");

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our estimates regarding revenues, expenses, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to obtain regulatory approvals for the use of our Products in indications other than GBM, NSCLC and MPM;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to acquire from third-party suppliers the supplies needed to manufacture our Products;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to manufacture adequate supply of our Products;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to secure and maintain adequate coverage from third-party payers to reimburse us for our Products for current and future indications;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to receive payment from third-party payers for use of our Products for current and future indications;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to maintain, develop, protect, defend or enforce our intellectual property position;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to manage the risks associated with business disruptions caused by natural disasters, extreme weather events, pandemics such as COVID-19 (coronavirus), international conflict, a prolonged failure of U.S. lawmakers to agree on a budget or appropriation legislation to fund the federal government's operations (also known as a government shutdown), which could have an adverse effect on regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (e.g. PMA processing) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (e.g. payment processing), to perform their duties the impact our operations and the financial markets' and other businesses' reactions to any such failure, or other disruptions outside of our control;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our cash needs; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. Factors which may cause such differences to occur include those risks and uncertainties set forth under Part I, Item 1A., "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed on February 27, 2025, as well as other risks and uncertainties set

i

------

forth from time to time in the reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). In our prior filings, references to Optune now refer to Optune Gio® and NovoTTF-100L refer to Optune Lua®. We do not intend to update publicly any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

TRADEMARKS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes trademarks of NovoCure Limited and other persons. All trademarks or trade names referred to herein are the property of their respective owners.

ii

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_13)</u>

**Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **Page** |
| <u>[Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_7)</u> | <u>[Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_7)</u> | [i](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_7) |
| <u>[Trademarks](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_10)</u> | <u>[Trademarks](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_10)</u> | [ii](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_10) |
| **<u>[PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_16)</u>** | **<u>[PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_16)</u>** | **<u>[PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_16)</u>** |
| **[Item 1.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_19)** | <u>[Financial Statements](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_19)</u> | [2](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_19) |
| **[Item 2.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_76)** | <u>[Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_76)</u> | [19](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_76) |
| **[Item 3.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_100)** | <u>[Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_100)</u> | [30](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_100) |
| **[Item 4.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_103)** | <u>[Controls and Procedures](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_103)</u> | [30](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_103) |
| **<u>[PART II—OTHER INFORMATION](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_106)</u>** | **<u>[PART II—OTHER INFORMATION](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_106)</u>** | **<u>[PART II—OTHER INFORMATION](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_106)</u>** |
| **[Item 1.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_109)** | <u>[Legal Proceedings](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_109)</u> | [31](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_109) |
| **[Item 1A.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_112)** | <u>[Risk Factors](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_112)</u> | [31](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_112) |
| **[Item 2.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_115)** | <u>[Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_115)</u> | [31](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_115) |
| **[Item 3.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_118)** | <u>[Defaults Upon Senior Securities](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_118)</u> | [31](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_118) |
| **[Item 4.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_121)** | <u>[Mine Safety Disclosures](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_121)</u> | [31](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_121) |
| **[Item 5.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_124)** | <u>[Other Information](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_124)</u> | [31](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_124) |
| **[Item 6.](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_127)** | <u>[Exhibits](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_127)</u> | [32](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_127) |
|  | <u>[Signatures](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_130)</u> | [33](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_130) |

---

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_13)</u>

**PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

**Item 1. Financial Statements**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS** |
| **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data)** | **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data)** | **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data)** |
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| ASSETS |  |  |
| CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $342119 | $163767 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term investments | 691382 | 796106 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted cash | 2519 | 2327 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trade receivables, net | 85230 | 74226 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Receivables and prepaid expenses | 39500 | 35063 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories | 39104 | 35086 |
| Total current assets | 1199854 | 1106575 |
| LONG-TERM ASSETS: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Property and equipment, net | 79976 | 77660 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Field equipment, net | 20549 | 14811 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right-of-use assets | 48402 | 27120 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other long-term assets | 12413 | 14618 |
| Total long-term assets | 161340 | 134209 |
| **TOTAL ASSETS** | $1361194 | $1240784 |
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements. | The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements. | The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements. |

---

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_13)</u>

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS** |
| **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data)** | **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data)** | **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data)** |
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
| CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Convertible note | $560620 | $558160 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Trade payables | 118922 | 105086 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other payables, lease liabilities and accrued expenses | 96464 | 93130 |
| Total current liabilities | 776006 | 756376 |
| LONG-TERM LIABILITIES: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Senior secured credit facility, net | 194639 | 97300 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term leases | 42682 | 19971 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Employee benefit liabilities | 6515 | 6940 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other long-term liabilities | 19 | 18 |
| Total long-term liabilities | 243855 | 124229 |
| **TOTAL LIABILITIES** | 1019861 | 880605 |
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |  |  |
| SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Share capital - |  |  |
| Ordinary shares no par value, unlimited shares authorized; issued and outstanding:<br>111,979,981 shares and 108,516,819 shares at September 30, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024, respectively |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in capital | 1612997 | 1519809 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (5806) | (5500) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | (1265858) | (1154130) |
| **TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | 341333 | 360179 |
| **TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | $1361194 | $1240784 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_13)</u>

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS** |
| **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)** | **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)** | **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)** | **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)** | **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)** | **U.S. dollars in thousands (except share and per share data)** |
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| Net revenues | $167204 | $155095 | $481003 | $443954 | $605220 |
| Cost of revenues | 44729 | 35372 | 124722 | 103715 | 137181 |
| Gross profit | 122475 | 119723 | 356281 | 340239 | 468039 |
| Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research, development and clinical studies | 54029 | 51882 | 163639 | 158435 | 209645 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 58546 | 59830 | 171404 | 171652 | 239063 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 45921 | 40103 | 134645 | 117344 | 189827 |
| Total operating costs and expenses | 158496 | 151815 | 469688 | 447431 | 638535 |
| Operating income (loss) | (36021) | (32092) | (113407) | (107192) | (170496) |
| Financial income (expenses), net | 5999 | 10507 | 18111 | 31236 | 39334 |
| Income (loss) before income tax | (30022) | (21585) | (95296) | (75956) | (131162) |
| Income tax | 7248 | 8985 | 16432 | 26749 | 37465 |
| Net income (loss) | $(37270) | $(30570) | $(111728) | $(102705) | $(168627) |
| Basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share | $(0.33) | $(0.28) | $(1.00) | $(0.95) | $(1.56) |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share | 111908252 | 108247716 | 111259532 | 107679501 | 107834368 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ic22c22e730eb4c638fed4c11a99b246b_13)</u>

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)** | **CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)** |
| **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** |
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| Net income (loss) | $(37270) | $(30570) | $(111728) | $(102705) | $(168627) |
| <u>Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:</u> |  |  |  |  |  |
| Change in foreign currency translation adjustments | (198) | 64 | 121 | (161) | (1200) |
| Pension benefit plan | (499) | (1927) | (427) | 252 | 1169 |
| Total comprehensive income (loss) | $(37967) | $(32433) | $(112034) | $(102614) | $(168658) |

---

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY** |
| U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data) | U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data) | U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data) | U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data) | U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data) | U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data) |
|  | **Ordinary shares** | **Additional<br>paid-in<br>capital** | **Accumulated**<br>**other**<br>**comprehensive**<br>**income (loss)** | **Retained earnings (accumulated<br>deficit)** | **Total shareholders'<br>equity** |
|  | **Ordinary shares** | **Additional<br>paid-in<br>capital** | **Accumulated**<br>**other**<br>**comprehensive**<br>**income (loss)** | **Retained earnings (accumulated<br>deficit)** | **Total shareholders'<br>equity** |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 (audited) | 108516819 | $1519809 | $(5500) | $(1154130) | $360179 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation to employees |  | 29552 |  |  | 29552 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise of options and vested RSUs | 2965781 | 5247 |  |  | 5247 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit of $0 |  |  | 1299 |  | 1299 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income (loss) |  |  |  | (34319) | (34319) |
| Balance as of March 31, 2025 (Unaudited) | 111482600 | $1554608 | $(4201) | $(1188449) | $361958 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation to employees |  | 26143 |  |  | 26143 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from issuance of shares | 141192 | 2136 |  |  | 2136 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise of options and vested RSUs | 174898 | 251 |  |  | 251 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit of $0 |  |  | (908) |  | (908) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income (loss) |  |  |  | (40139) | (40139) |
| Balance as of June 30, 2025 (Unaudited) | 111798690 | $1583138 | $(5109) | $(1228588) | $349441 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation to employees |  | 29321 |  |  | 29321 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise of options and vested RSUs | 181291 | 538 |  |  | 538 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit of $0 |  |  | (697) |  | (697) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income (loss) |  |  |  | (37270) | (37270) |
| Balance as of September 30, 2025 (Unaudited) | 111979981 | $1612997 | $(5806) | $(1265858) | $341333 |

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Ordinary shares** | **Additional<br>paid-in<br>capital** | **Accumulated<br>other<br>comprehensive<br>loss** | **Retained earnings (accumulated<br>deficit)** | **Total shareholders'<br>equity** |
| | **Ordinary shares** | **Additional<br>paid-in<br>capital** | **Accumulated<br>other<br>comprehensive<br>loss** | **Retained earnings (accumulated<br>deficit)** | **Total shareholders'<br>equity** |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 (audited) | 107075754 | $1353468 | $(5469) | $(985503) | $362496 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation to employees |  | 34084 |  |  | 34084 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise of options and vested RSUs | 528020 | 213 |  |  | 213 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit of $0 |  |  | 1322 |  | 1322 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income (loss) |  |  |  | (38760) | (38760) |
| Balance as of March 31, 2024 (Unaudited) | 107603774 | $1387765 | $(4147) | $(1024263) | $359355 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation to employees |  | 31830 |  |  | 31830 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from issuance of shares | 178668 | 2187 |  |  | 2187 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise of options and vested RSUs | 231388 | 1121 |  |  | 1121 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit of $0 |  |  | 632 |  | 632 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income (loss) |  |  |  | (33375) | (33375) |
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 (Unaudited) | 108013830 | $1422903 | $(3515) | $(1057638) | $361750 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation to employees |  | 31364 |  |  | 31364 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise of options and vested RSUs | 86562 | 100 |  |  | 100 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax benefit of $0 |  |  | (1863) |  | (1863) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income (loss) |  |  |  | (30570) | (30570) |
| Balance as of September 30, 2024 (Unaudited) | 108100392 | $1454367 | $(5378) | $(1088208) | $360781 |

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** |
| **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** |
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income (loss) | $(37270) | $(30570) | $(111728) | $(102705) | $(168627) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 3663 | 2458 | 10432 | 8131 | 11235 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued Interest | 789 | (1213) | 4436 | 60 | (651) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Asset write-downs and impairment of field equipment | 230 | 450 | 2915 | 784 | 1159 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation | 29321 | 31364 | 85016 | 97278 | 160035 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign currency remeasurement loss (gain) | 890 | (503) | 2212 | 763 | (227) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Decrease (increase) in accounts receivables and prepaid expenses | 3577 | 5411 | (15476) | (8983) | (26358) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of discount (premium) | (6402) | (6737) | (19516) | (18972) | (25644) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Decrease (increase) in inventories | 886 | 1895 | (3684) | (867) | 2568 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Decrease (increase) in other long-term assets | 2490 | 1906 | 6480 | 7969 | 7395 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase (decrease) in accounts payables and accrued expenses | 24830 | 7452 | 10517 | (1245) | 19106 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase (decrease) in other long-term liabilities | (2430) | (1537) | (2631) | (5131) | (6360) |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $20574 | $10376 | (31027) | (22918) | (26369) |
| Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of property, equipment and field equipment | $(5655) | $(10683) | (21752) | (33913) | (42855) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from maturity of short-term investments | 185000 | 190000 | 725000 | 608000 | 778000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of short-term investments | (107909) | (169124) | (602298) | (692118) | (875387) |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | $71436 | $10193 | 100950 | (118031) | (140242) |
| Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from issuance of shares, net | $— | $— | 2136 | 2187 | 4150 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from senior secured credit facility, net | 99979 |  | 99979 | 96922 | 96922 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment and redemption of long-term debt |  |  |  | (12913) | (12913) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise of options | 538 | 100 | 6036 | 1434 | 2156 |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $100517 | $100 | 108151 | 87630 | 90315 |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $(22) | $87 | 470 | (46) | (174) |
| Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 192505 | 20756 | 178544 | (53365) | (76470) |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period | 152133 | 168443 | 166094 | 242564 | 242564 |

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** | **NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES<br>CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS** |
| **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** | **U.S. dollars in thousands** |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period | $344638 | $189199 | $344638 | $189199 | $166094 |
| <u>Supplemental cash flow activities:</u> |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income taxes paid (refunded), net | $3430 | $6637 | $22239 | $17053 | $23463 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest paid | $2843 | $2964 | $8162 | $4934 | $7714 |
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $342119 | $185422 | $342119 | $185422 | $163767 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted cash | 2519 | 3777 | 2519 | 3777 | 2327 |
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $344638 | $189199 | $344638 | $189199 | $166094 |
| Non-cash activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right-of-use assets obtained (disposed) in exchange for lease liabilities | $2678 | $757 | $27788 | $(610) | $494 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of property incurred but unpaid at period end | $370 | $201 | $370 | $201 | $1619 |

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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**NOVOCURE LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

U.S. dollars in thousands (except share data)

**NOTE 1: ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION**

*Organization*. NovoCure Limited (including its consolidated subsidiaries, the "Company") was incorporated in the Bailiwick of Jersey and is principally engaged in the development, manufacture and commercialization of Tumor Treating Fields ("TTFields") devices, including Optune Gio and Optune Lua (collectively, our "Products"), for the treatment of solid tumor cancers. The Company markets Optune Gio and Optune Lua in multiple countries around the globe with the majority of revenues coming from the use of Optune Gio in the U.S., Germany, France and Japan. The Company also has a License and Collaboration Agreement (the "Zai Agreement") with Zai Lab (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. ("Zai") to market Optune in China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan ("Greater China").

*Financial statement preparation*. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of the Company's management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation for the periods presented. The preparation of these unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. These unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Company's annual consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the "2024 10-K") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2025.

The significant accounting policies applied in the audited annual consolidated financial statements of the Company as disclosed in the 2024 10-K are applied consistently in these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

*Concentration Risks.* The Company's cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade receivables are potentially subject to a concentration of risk. Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments are invested at top tier financial institutions globally and the total value invested at any one institution is limited pursuant to the Company's investment policy. These investments may be in excess of insured limitations or not insured in certain jurisdictions. Generally, these investments may be redeemed upon demand according to the terms of the securities.

The Company's trade receivables are due from numerous governments and federal and state agencies that are paid from their respective budgets, and from hundreds of health insurance companies. The Company does not believe that there are significant default risks associated with these governments, agencies and health insurance companies based upon the Company's historical experience.

The Company has no off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements.

**Recently announced accounting pronouncements**

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities, on an annual basis, to provide disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation, as well as disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-09 and will adopt it for fiscal year ending December 31, 2025.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, requiring public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2024-03.

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. This amendment introduces a practical expedient for the application of the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model to current accounts receivable and contract assets. ASU 2025-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods

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within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption and impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

**NOTE 2: CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS**

Cash equivalents include items almost as liquid as cash, with maturity periods of three months or less when purchased, and short-term investments include items with maturity dates between three months and one year when purchased. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company's cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were composed of:

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** |
| | **Fair value level** | **Adjusted cost basis** | **Unrealized gains** | **Unrealized losses** | **Fair market value** | **Recorded basis** | **Cash and cash equivalents** | **Short-term investments (2)** |
| Cash |  | $14780 | $— | $— | $14780 | $14780 | $14780 | $— |
| Money market funds | Level 1 | 256410 |  |  | 256410 | 256410 | 256410 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Certificate of deposits and term deposits | Level 2 | 86718 |  |  | 86718 | 86718 | 31034 | 55684 |
| HTM securities (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. Treasury bills | Level 1 | $119302 | $45 | $— | 119347 | 119302 | $39895 | $79407 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate debt securities | Level 2 | $556291 | $195 | $(34) | 556452 | 556291 | $— | $556291 |
|  |  | $675593 | $240 | $(34) | $675799 | $675593 | $39895 | $635698 |
| Total |  | $1033501 | $240 | $(34) | $1033707 | $1033501 | $342119 | $691382 |

---

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| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | **Audited** | **Audited** | **Audited** | **Audited** | **Audited** | **Audited** | **Audited** | **Audited** |
| | **Fair value level** | **Adjusted cost basis** | **Unrealized gains** | **Unrealized losses** | **Fair market value** | **Recorded basis** | **Cash and cash equivalents** | **Short-term investments (2)** |
| Cash |  | $11848 | $— | $— | $11848 | $11848 | $11848 | $— |
| Money market funds | Level 1 | 151919 |  |  | 151919 | 151919 | 151919 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Certificate of deposits and term deposits | Level 2 | 170120 |  |  | 170120 | 170120 |  | 170120 |
| HTM securities (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. Treasury bills | Level 1 | $118618 | $93 | $(1) | 118710 | 118618 | $— | $118618 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Government and governmental agencies | Level 2 | $— | $— | $— |  |  | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate debt securities | Level 2 | $507368 | $920 | $(119) | 508169 | 507368 | $— | $507368 |
|  |  | $625986 | $1013 | $(120) | $626879 | $625986 | $— | $625986 |
| Total |  | $959873 | $1013 | $(120) | $960766 | $959873 | $163767 | $796106 |

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(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in fair value of held-to-maturity ("HTM") securities are presented for disclosure purposes as required by ASC 320 "Investments — Debt Securities" and are recorded as finance expenses only if the unrealized loss is identified as a credit loss.

(2)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to a bank guaranty agreement, $17,605 of short-term investments are pledged. See Note 4.

In accordance with ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures," the Company measures its money market funds at fair value. The fair value of the money market funds and HTM securities, which is presented for disclosure purposes, is classified within Level 1 or Level 2. This is because these assets are valued using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all investments mature in one year or less.

Unrealized losses from debt securities are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates. The Company does not believe any remaining unrealized losses represent impairments based on the evaluation of available evidence.

**NOTE 3: INVENTORIES**

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The weighted average methodology is applied to determine cost. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company's inventories were composed of:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| Raw materials | $4598 | $4004 |
| Work in progress | 4805 | 7969 |
| Finished products | 29701 | 23113 |
| Total | $39104 | $35086 |

---

**NOTE 4: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES**

*Operating Leases.* The facilities of the Company are leased under various operating lease agreements for periods, including options for extensions, ending no later than 2044. The Company also leases motor vehicles under various operating leases, which expire on various dates, the latest of which is in 2028.

*Pledged deposits and bank guarantees.* As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company pledged bank deposits of $5,098 and $4,909, respectively, to cover bank guarantees in respect of its leases of operating facilities and obtained bank guarantees for the fulfillment of the Company's lease and other contractual commitments of $5,524 and $5,285, respectively. In addition, €15,000 ($17,605) of the Company's short term investments are pledged to a bank as guarantee for the Company's due execution of cash concentration agreements.

**NOTE 5: LONG-TERM DEBT, NET**

**a.Convertible notes**

On November 5, 2020, the Company issued $575,000 aggregate principal amount of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the "Notes").

The Notes mature on November 1, 2025, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted as set forth in the Notes.

In June 2024 the Company redeemed $14,055 of Notes in consideration of $12,913. The gain from redemption was reported as finance income in accordance with ASC 470 "Debt with Conversion and Other Options".

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The net carrying amount of the liability of the Notes as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| **Liability component, net:** | | |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Principal amount | $560945 | $560945 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unamortized issuance costs | (325) | (2785) |
| Net carrying amount of liability component (1) | $560620 | $558160 |
| Presented as: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term liability (2) | $560620 | $558160 |

---

(1) An effective interest rate determines the fair value of the Notes, therefore they are categorized as Level 3 in accordance with ASC 820. The estimated fair value of the net carrying amount of liability component of the Notes as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $556,179 and $526,434, respectively.

The net carrying amount of the liability is represented by the principal amount of the Notes, less total issuance costs plus any amortization of issuance costs. The total issuance costs upon issuance of the Notes were $16,561 and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the contractual term of the Notes. Interest expense is recognized at an annual effective interest rate of 0.59% over the contractual term of the Notes.

(2) In January 2021, the Company elected to settle all conversions of Notes by a combination of cash and its ordinary shares and the cash portion per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for all conversion settlements shall be $1,000. Holders have the right to convert Notes beginning in August 2025. Since any conversion will result in the payment of cash as described above, the liability has been reclassified as current.

Finance expense related to the Notes was as follows:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Year ended December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** | **Year ended December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| Gain from redemption of Notes |  |  |  | (1142) | (1142) |
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | 830 | 825 | 2460 | 2566 | 3393 |
| Total finance expenses (income) recognized | $830 | $825 | $2460 | $1424 | $2251 |

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**b. Senior secured credit facility, net**

On May 1, 2024 Novocure Luxembourg S.a.r.l. ("Borrower"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a new five-year senior secured credit facility of up to $400,000 (the "Facility") with BPCR Limited Partnership and BioPharma Credit Investments V (Master) LP (collectively, the "Lenders"), BioPharma Credit PLC, as collateral agent for the Lenders, and the guarantors party to such agreement (the "Loan Agreement"). The Facility may be drawn in up to four drawings. The Loan Agreement provides for an initial term loan in the principal amount of $100,000 (the "Tranche A Loan"), which was funded to the Borrower on May 1, 2024 (the "Tranche A Funding Date"). Under the Loan Agreement, the Borrower is required to give notice of its intent to draw $100,000 on the Facility on or before June 30, 2025 (the "Tranche B Loan"), subject to customary conditions precedent as set forth in the Loan Agreement. Not later than December 31, 2025, the Borrower has the option to give notice of its intent to draw an additional $100,000 of the Facility (the "Tranche C Loan") if (i) (A) the Company has received positive results from its PANOVA-3 phase 3 clinical trial or (B) the Company's trailing net revenues for the most recently completed four quarters as reported by the Company in its financial statements filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("Trailing Four Quarters of Net Revenue") are greater than $575,000 and (ii) the Notes are extinguished in full and are no longer outstanding. Not later than March 31, 2026, the Borrower has the option to give notice of its intent to draw an additional $100,000 of the Facility (the "Tranche D Loan") if (i) the Company receives an approval or clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the Company's Tumor Treating Fields device for a pancreatic cancer indication or (ii) Trailing Four Quarters of Net Revenue is greater than $625,000. The closing date of each of the Tranche B Loan, Tranche C Loan and Tranche D Loan is ninety (90) days

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after the Company gives the respective notice of its intent to draw. The obligations under the Loan Agreement are guaranteed by certain of the Company's subsidiaries and secured by a first lien on the Borrower's and certain of the Company's other subsidiaries' assets. Outstanding term loans under the Loan Agreement will bear interest at an annual rate equal to 6.25% plus the three-month SOFR (subject to a 3.25% floor), payable quarterly in arrears and calculated on the basis of actual days elapsed in a 360-day year. The Borrower must pay 2.5% of additional consideration on each principal draw, with payment for the Tranche A Loan and the Tranche B Loan paid on the Tranche A Funding Date, and payments for the Tranche C Loan and the Tranche D Loan on their respective funding dates. Principal under the Facility will be repaid in eight equal quarterly repayments commencing with the third quarter of 2027 and continuing each quarter thereafter, with the final payment of outstanding principal due on the fifth anniversary of the Tranche A Funding Date. Voluntary prepayment of all, but not less than all, of the term loans outstanding is permitted at any time, subject to make-whole and prepayment premiums as set forth in the Loan Agreement. Prepayment of all term loans outstanding, subject to make-whole and prepayment premiums, is due and payable upon a change-in-control as defined in the Loan Agreement. Make-whole and prepayment premiums are due and payable for the Tranche B Loans for any voluntary prepayment of the term loans outstanding, upon a change-in-control (as defined in the Loan Agreement), and upon any acceleration of the maturity date, in each case regardless of whether the Tranche B Loan is drawn. The Loan Agreement contains a financial covenant only if the Tranche C Loan and/or Tranche D Loan are funded, in which case the Company is required to maintain at least Trailing Four Quarters of Net Revenue of at least $500,000, calculated on a trailing twelve-month basis as of the end of each fiscal quarter, beginning with the first quarter of 2027 based on year-end 2026 audited financial statements.

The draw of the Tranche B Loan closed on September 26, 2025. As of September 30, 2025 the Company had borrowed the Tranche A Loan and the Tranche B Loans in the aggregate principal amount of $200,000.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| **Liability component, net:** | | |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Principal amount | $200000 | $100000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unamortized issuance costs | (5361) | (2700) |
| Net carrying amount of liability component (1) | $194639 | $97300 |

---

(1) An effective interest rate determines the fair value of the Notes, therefore they are categorized as Level 3 in accordance with ASC 820. The estimated fair value of the net carrying amount of liability component of the Notes as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $213,649 and $112,836, respectively.

The net carrying amount of the liability is represented by the principal amount of the Notes, less total issuance costs plus any amortization of issuance costs. The total issuance costs upon issuance of the Notes were $6,156 and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest rate method over the contractual term of the Notes. For purposes of calculating the net carrying amount, the annual effective interest rate is assumed to be 12.4% over the remaining contractual term of the Notes.

Finance expense related to the Facility was as follows:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Year ended December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** | **Year ended December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| Interest | 2837 | 2960 | 8143 | 4922 | 7693 |
| Amortization of debt issuance costs | 129 | 187 | 438 | 227 | 378 |
| Total finance expense recognized | $2966 | $3147 | $8581 | $5149 | $8071 |

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**NOTE 6: REVENUE RECOGNITION**

**a. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net revenues**

The Company's net revenues by geographic region, based on the patient's location are summarized as follows:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
| United States | $96609 | $98345 | $284024 | $284599 | $391801 |
| International markets: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Germany | 20286 | 16990 | 58078 | 47834 | 65263 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;France | 19620 | 15243 | 55895 | 39998 | 55730 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Japan | 9385 | 8581 | 27578 | 24062 | 32569 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other international markets | 15706 | 11311 | 40622 | 32053 | 42471 |
| International markets - Total | 64997 | 52125 | 182173 | 143947 | 196033 |
| Greater China (1) | 5598 | 4625 | 14806 | 15408 | 17386 |
| Total net revenues | $167204 | $155095 | $481003 | $443954 | $605220 |

---

(1) For additional information, see Notes 12 and 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 10-K.

The Company's net revenues by performance period are as follows:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Year ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
| Net revenues recognized in the reporting period from performance obligations satisfied in: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Reporting period | $157509 | $142960 | $461641 | $417023 | $568819 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Previous periods | 9695 | 12135 | 19362 | 26931 | 36401 |
| Total net revenues | $167204 | $155095 | $481003 | $443954 | $605220 |

---

**b. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract balances**

The following table provides information about trade receivables, unbilled receivables and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Trade receivables | $77984 | $68501 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unbilled receivables | $7246 | $5725 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenues (short-term contract liabilities) | $(15700) | $(14225) |

---

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2024 the Company recognized $14,225, $16,224 and $16,224, respectively, which were included in the deferred revenues (short-term contract liability) balance at January 1, 2025 and 2024.

**NOTE 7: SHARE OPTION PLANS AND ESPP**

In April 2024, the Company adopted the 2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2024 Plan"), which replaced the 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2015 Plan"), effective June 5, 2024 (the "Effective Date") following approval from the

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Company's shareholders. Under the 2024 Plan, the Company can issue various types of equity compensation awards such as share options, restricted shares, performance shares, restricted share units ("RSUs"), performance-based share units ("PSUs"), long-term cash awards and other share-based awards. The total number of shares of the Company's ordinary shares that may be granted under the 2024 Plan consists of (i) up to 9,000,000 ordinary shares (reduced by 433,018 shares subject to awards granted under the 2015 Plan after April 2, 2024), all of which were available under the 2015 Plan and which ceased to be available for future awards under the 2015 Plan as of the Effective Date and (ii) the number of undelivered shares subject to outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan that become available for future awards under the 2024 Plan as provided for in the 2024 Plan.

Options granted under the 2024 Plan generally will have a two-year or four-year vesting period and expire ten years after the date of grant. Options granted under the 2015 Plan and 2024 Plan that are canceled or forfeited before expiration become available for future grants under the 2024 Plan. RSUs granted under the 2024 Plan generally will vest over a three-year period. PSUs granted under the 2024 Plan generally will vest between a three - and six-year period as performance targets are attained. RSUs and PSUs granted under the 2015 Plan and 2024 Plan that are canceled before expiration become available for future grants under the 2024 Plan.

As of September 30, 2025, 6,111,636 ordinary shares were available for grant under the 2024 Plan.

A summary of the status of the Company's option plans as of September 30, 2025 and changes during the period then ended is presented below:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine months ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine months ended September 30, 2025** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** |
| | **Number<br>of options** | **Weighted<br>average<br>exercise<br>price** |
| Outstanding at beginning of year | 11315468 | $31.41 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 944888 | 17.96 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercised | (422673) | 14.28 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Forfeited and canceled | (843581) | 45.34 |
| Outstanding as of September 30, 2025 | 10994102 | $29.84 |
| Exercisable options | 6997079 | $34.38 |

---

A summary of the status of the Company's RSUs and PSUs as of September 30, 2025 and changes during the period then ended is presented below.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine months ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine months ended September 30, 2025** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** |
| | **Number<br>of RSU/PSUs** | **Weighted<br>average<br>grant date fair value** |
| Unvested at beginning of year | 12066515 | $27.19 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 5444389 | 18.62 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vested | (2899297) | 24.59 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Forfeited and cancelled | (1005508) | 34.56 |
| Unvested as of September 30, 2025 (1) | 13606099 | 23.77 |

---

(1) Includes PSUs that have a mix of service, market and other milestone performance vesting conditions which are vested upon achievements of performance milestones that are not probable as of September 30, 2025, in accordance with ASC 718 "Compensation — Stock Compensation" as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** |
| **Number of<br>PSUs** | **Fair value at grant date per PSU** | **Total fair value at grant date** |
| 704493 | $16.30 | $11483 |
| 907280 | 18.19 | 16503 |
| 21653 | 19.44 | 421 |
| 901284 | 48.16 | 43406 |
| 73186 | 76.97 | 5633 |
| 2607896 |  | $77446 |

---

These PSUs will be expensed over the performance period when the vesting conditions become probable in accordance with ASC 718.

In February 2025, the Company adopted the 2025 Novocure Employee Share Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), effective June 4, 2025 (the "ESPP Effective Date"), following approval from the Company's shareholders. The ESPP replaced the Company's expiring prior employee share purchase plan, which was adopted in 2015 (the "Prior ESPP"). The purpose of the ESPP is to encourage and enable eligible employees to acquire ownership of the Company's ordinary shares purchased through accumulated payroll deductions on an after-tax basis. The total number of shares of the Company's ordinary shares that may be issued under the ESPP consists of 6,366,651 Ordinary Shares, less 141,192 Ordinary Shares which were issued on the last "Purchase Date" pursuant to the Prior ESPP, all of which were available under the Prior ESPP and which ceased to be available for future awards under the Prior ESPP as of the ESPP Effective Date. In the United States, the ESPP is intended to be an "employee stock purchase plan" within the meaning of Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code and the provisions of the ESPP are construed in a manner consistent with the requirements of such section. As of September 30, 2025, 6,366,651 ordinary shares were available to be purchased by eligible employees under the ESPP.

The fair value of share-based awards was estimated using the Black-Scholes model for all equity grants. For market condition awards, the Company also applied the Monte-Carlo simulation model. The Company assessed fair value using the following underlying assumptions:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Year ended December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **Year ended December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| **<u>Stock Option Plans</u>** |  |  |  |
| Expected term (years) | 5.50-5.79 | 5.50-5.73 | 5.50-5.73 |
| Expected volatility | 75%-77% | 71%-73% | 71%-73% |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.01%-4.02% | 3.88%-4.43% | 3.88%-4.43% |
| Dividend yield | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| **<u>ESPP</u>** |  |  |  |
| Expected term (years) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Expected volatility | 56%-89% | 73%-90% | 73%-90% |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.16%-4.20% | 5.13%-5.23% | 5.13%-5.23% |
| Dividend yield | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |

---

The total non-cash share-based compensation expense related to all of the Company's equity-based awards recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the year ended December 31, 2024 was:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Year ended December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** | **Year ended December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| Cost of revenues | $929 | $1834 | $3004 | $5280 | $6873 |
| Research, development and clinical studies | 6166 | 7294 | 18154 | 25421 | 32716 |
| Sales and marketing | 7663 | 10276 | 21538 | 31220 | 43097 |
| General and administrative | 14563 | 11960 | 42320 | 35357 | 77349 |
| Total share-based compensation expense | $29321 | $31364 | $85016 | $97278 | $160035 |

---

**NOTE 8: Basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share**

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, plus potential dilutive shares (deriving from options, RSUs, PSUs, Notes and the ESPP) considered outstanding during the period, in accordance with ASC 260-10 "Earnings Per Share", as determined under the treasury stock or if-converted method, as applicable.

The following table sets forth the computation of the Company's basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Year ended December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** | **Year ended December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| Net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shares as reported used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share | $(37270) | $(30570) | $(111728) | $(102705) | $(168627) |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing diluted net income (loss) per share | 111908252 | 108247716 | 111259532 | 107679501 | 107834368 |
| Potentially anti-dilutive shares that were excluded from the computation of basic net income (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Options | 9522315 | 9887237 | 8968363 | 9392376 | 9558506 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;RSUs and PSUs | 4995367 | 4651689 | 4828118 | 3880895 | 4560415 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;ESPP | 91218 | 79887 | 185346 | 198999 | 222451 |
| Weighted anti-dilutive shares outstanding which were not included in the diluted calculation | 14608900 | 14618813 | 13981827 | 13472270 | 14341372 |
| Basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share | $(0.33) | $(0.28) | $(1.00) | $(0.95) | $(1.56) |

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**NOTE 9: SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION**

The Company operates in a single reportable segment.

The following table presents long-lived assets by location:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Audited** |
| United States | $65593 | $62897 |
| Switzerland | 49895 | 27014 |
| Israel | 14363 | 16120 |
| Others | 19076 | 13560 |
| Total long lived assets | $148927 | $119591 |

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**Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations**

*Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is intended to provide information to assist you in better understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations. We encourage you to read this MD&A in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the period ended September 30, 2025 included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please refer to the information under the heading "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" elsewhere in this report. References to the words "we," "our," "us," and the "Company" in this report refer to NovoCure Limited, including its consolidated subsidiaries.*

**<u>Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates</u>**

In accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), in preparing our financial statements, we must make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We develop and periodically change these estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The critical accounting policies requiring estimates, assumptions and judgments that we believe have the most significant impact on our consolidated financial statements can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the "2024 10-K"). For additional information, see Note 1 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report. There were no other material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates described in our 2024 10-K.

**<u>Overview</u>**

We are a global oncology company with a proprietary platform technology called Tumor Treating Fields ("TTFields"), which are electric fields that exert physical forces to kill cancer cells via a variety of mechanisms. Our key priorities are to drive commercial adoption of Optune Gio<sup>®</sup> and Optune Lua<sup>®</sup>, our commercial TTFields therapy devices, and to advance clinical and product development programs intended to extend overall survival in some of the most aggressive forms of cancer. Our therapy is delivered through a medical device and we continue to advance our Products with the intention to extend survival and maintain quality of life for patients.

Optune Gio is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") under the Premarket Approval ("PMA") pathway for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma ("GBM") together with temozolomide, a chemotherapy drug, and for adult patients with GBM following confirmed recurrence after chemotherapy as monotherapy treatment. We also have a CE certificate to market Optune Gio for the treatment of GBM in the European Union ("EU"), as well as approval or local registration in the United Kingdom ("UK"), Japan, Canada and certain other countries.

Optune Lua is approved by the FDA under the PMA pathway for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer ("NSCLC") concurrent with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors or docetaxel following progression on or after a platinum-based regimen. We also have a CE certificate to market Optune Lua concurrent with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors or docetaxel following progression on or after a platinum-based regimen for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC in the EU and have launched in Germany. In addition, we received regulatory approval for Optune Lua for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced/recurrent NSCLC concurrent with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors following progression on or after a platinum-based regimen in Japan.

Optune Lua is also approved by the FDA under the Humanitarian Device Exemption ("HDE") pathway for the treatment of adult patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma or pleural mesothelioma (together, "MPM") together with standard chemotherapies. We have also received CE certification in the EU and approval or local registration to market Optune Lua in certain other countries for the treatment of MPM.

We market Optune Gio and Optune Lua in multiple countries around the globe with the majority of our revenues coming from the use of Optune Gio in the U.S., Germany, France and Japan. In August, we announced coverage of TTFields therapy for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed GBM in Spain. We are actively evaluating opportunities to expand our international footprint.

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We are actively pursuing coverage policies with payers to expand access to Optune Lua for patients with NSCLC and MPM and in the meantime we will bill and seek reimbursement from payers on an individual case basis, as applicable.

In May, we presented positive results from the phase 3 PANOVA-3 clinical trial ("PANOVA-3") evaluating the use of TTFields therapy with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel ("GnP") for locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma at the 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Patients treated with TTFields therapy concomitantly with GnP exhibited a median overall survival of 16.2 months compared to 14.2 months in the control arm. Patients treated with TTFields therapy concomitantly with GnP also demonstrated greater median pain-free survival of 15.2 months compared to 9.1 months in the control arm. In July, we presented additional quality of life data at the 2025 European Society for Medical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Congress. Patients treated with TTFields therapy concomitantly with GnP exhibited statistically significant improvements across numerous quality of life measures including, but not limited to, time to deterioration in global health status, delay in time to deterioration due to pain and delay in time to deterioration due to pancreatic pain. In May, the full results of the PANOVA-3 trial were published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. In August, we filed a PMA application with the FDA seeking approval for the use of TTFields therapy together with GnP for the treatment of locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer under the brand name Optune Pax<sup>®</sup>.

In September, we presented final data from the Phase 3 METIS clinical trial evaluating the use of TTFields therapy and best supportive care for the treatment of adult patients (n=298) with 1-10 brain metastases from NSCLC following stereotactic radiosurgery ("METIS") at the 2025 American Society for Radiation Oncology Annual Meeting. The METIS trial met its primary endpoint, demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in time to intracranial progression for patients treated with TTFields therapy and supportive care compared to patients treated with supportive care alone. Patients treated with TTFields therapy and supportive care exhibited a risk reduction of 28% (HR 0.72, p=0.044), with median time to intracranial progression of 15.0 months compared to 7.5 months in patients treated with supportive care alone. Intracranial progression rates at months 2, 6, 12, and 24 were 13.6% vs 22.1% (p=0.034), 33.7% vs 46.4% (p=0.018), 46.9% vs 59.4% (p=0.023), and 53.6% vs. 65.2% (p=0.031; post hoc), respectively.

Our modular PMA shell for the METIS application has been approved by the FDA and we have filed the first two of three modules under the brand name Optune Mya<sup>®</sup>. We have received questions from the FDA regarding our second module and are prepared to file the third and final module once those questions are resolved. We anticipate filing the third module before the end of 2025; however, we cannot assure that the FDA will accept the filing before the end of 2025.

We believe the physical mechanisms of action behind TTFields therapy may be broadly applicable to solid tumor cancers. We have several ongoing clinical trials which further explore the use of TTFields therapy in these solid tumor cancers, including the Phase 3 TRIDENT and KEYNOTE D58 trials in GBM, the Phase 3 LUNAR-2 trial in NSCLC, and the Phase 2 PANOVA-4 trial in pancreatic cancer. We anticipate expanding our clinical pipeline over time to study the safety and efficacy of TTFields therapy for additional solid tumor indications and for use together with other cancer treatment modalities.

In August, we terminated the Phase 2 LUNAR-4 trial. LUNAR-4 was a phase 2, single arm, open-label, multinational evaluating the use of TTFields concomitant with pembrolizumab for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC in patients previously treated with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and platinum-based chemotherapy. The availability of real-world evidence will enable Novocure to achieve the objectives of LUNAR-4 without the need for an interventional clinical study. This decision was not related to any safety concerns.

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The table below presents the current status of the ongoing clinical trials in our pipeline and anticipated timing of data.

![Q3 2025 Pipeline v2.jpg](nvcr-20250930_g1.jpg)

We have several product development programs underway that are designed to optimize the delivery of TTFields to the target tumor and enhance patient ease of use. Our intellectual property portfolio contains hundreds of issued patents and numerous patent applications pending worldwide. We believe we possess global commercialization rights to our Products in oncology and are well-positioned to extend those rights into the future as we continue to find innovative ways to improve our Products.

In 2018, we granted Zai Lab (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. ("Zai") a license to commercialize our Products in China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan ("Greater China") under a License and Collaboration Agreement (the "Zai Agreement"). The Zai Agreement also establishes a development partnership intended to accelerate the development of TTFields therapy in multiple solid tumor cancer indications. For additional information, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

We view our operations and manage our business in one operating segment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, our net revenues were $167.2 million and $481.0 million. Our net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $37.3 million and $111.7 million. As of September 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,265.9 million.

**<u>Impact of Current Events</u>**

*Conflict in Israel*

Since October 2023, the State of Israel has been in a state of war. As of the date of this filing, we believe that there is no immediate risk to our business facilities or operations. Our supply chain teams have increased stock levels to mitigate distribution and service risks from our suppliers in Israel, some of whom are single-source suppliers. Pursuant to our policy to seek and maintain second-source suppliers wherever possible, we are in the process of obtaining second-source suppliers outside of Israel; however we can provide no assurance that we will secure or maintain such suppliers on a timely basis.

*Recent Changes to U.S. Tariff Rates*

Throughout 2025, the U.S. has increased tariff rates on imported goods from numerous countries. The manufacturing of our Products and associated accessories is fully outsourced to third parties across multiple countries. In recent years, in anticipation of active patient growth and new indication launches, we began onboarding additional suppliers and/or supply nodes to increase the resilience of our network. As an example, we are in the final steps of adding production capacity in Mexico and Ireland. This also helps us now to provide optionality around supply routes to optimize our cost structure, including the emerging tariff landscape. Our current analysis of the global tariff environment leads us to estimate that import duties related to these new tariff rates could increase by approximately $5 million in 2025.

The global tariff environment is changing rapidly, and we cannot be assured that we will not ultimately be negatively impacted further by these changes.

*U.S. Government Shutdown*

As of the date of this report, the U.S. Congress has failed to agree on a budget or appropriation legislation to fund the federal government's operations (also known as a government shutdown). As a result, federal agencies, including the FDA, have placed workers on furlough and scaled back their operations. It is possible that a prolonged shutdown will cause delays with respect to the FDA's review and approval of our Optune Pax and Optune Mya PMA applications, as well as with respect to reviews and other actions by the FDA and other federal agencies that impact our business. In addition to delays at the FDA, we could be impacted by delays in claims processing by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, which could delay our receipt of Medicare reimbursements.

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**<u>Commentary on Results of Operations</u>**

***Net revenues***. Our revenues are primarily derived from patients using our Products in our active markets. We charge for treatment with our Products on a monthly basis. Our potential net revenues per patient are determined by our ability to secure payment, the monthly fee we collect and the number of months that the patient remains on therapy. In the case of a new indication launch such as Optune Lua, it can take time for us to generate the claims history needed for a reasonable estimate of collections that will enable us to recognize revenues upon billing without waiting for a final collection of the claim. Until that time, our revenue from NSCLC claims will be recognized in the period of cash collection.

We also recognize revenues pursuant to the Zai Agreement. For additional information regarding the Zai Agreement, see Note 13 to the annual Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 10-K.

***Cost of revenues.*** We contract with third parties to manufacture our Products. Our cost of revenues is primarily comprised of the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• disposable arrays;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• depreciation expense for the field equipment, including the electric field generator used by patients;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• patient support and other personnel costs; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• overhead costs, such as facilities, freight and depreciation of property, plant and equipment associated with managing our inventory, warehousing and order fulfillment functions.

***Operating expenses.*** Our operating expenses consist of research, development and clinical studies, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. Personnel costs are a significant component for each category of operating expenses and consist of wages, benefits and bonuses. Personnel costs also include share-based compensation.

***Financial income (expenses), net*.** Financial income (expenses), net primarily consists of interest income from cash balances and short-term investments, credit facility interest expense and related debt issuance costs, and gains (losses) from foreign currency transactions. Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. We have historically held substantially all of our cash balances in U.S. dollar denominated accounts to minimize the risk of translational currency exposure.

**<u>Results of Operations</u>**

The following discussion provides an analysis of our results of operations and reasons for material changes therein for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. The tables contained in this section report U.S. dollars in thousands (except share, patient, and prescription data). The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations data:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** |
| Net revenues | $167204 | $155095 | $481003 | $443954 |
| Cost of revenues | 44729 | 35372 | 124722 | 103715 |
| Gross profit | 122475 | 119723 | 356281 | 340239 |
| Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |
| Research, development and clinical studies | 54029 | 51882 | 163639 | 158435 |
| Sales and marketing | 58546 | 59830 | 171404 | 171652 |
| General and administrative | 45921 | 40103 | 134645 | 117344 |
| Total operating costs and expenses | 158496 | 151815 | 469688 | 447431 |
| Operating income (loss) | (36021) | (32092) | (113407) | (107192) |
| Financial income (expenses), net | 5999 | 10507 | 18111 | 31236 |
| Income (loss) before income taxes | (30022) | (21585) | (95296) | (75956) |
| Income taxes | 7248 | 8985 | 16432 | 26749 |
| Net income (loss) | $(37270) | $(30570) | $(111728) | $(102705) |
| Basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share | $(0.33) | $(0.28) | $(1.00) | $(0.95) |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing basic and diluted net income (loss) per share | 111908252 | 108247716 | 111259532 | 107679501 |

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The following table details the share-based compensation expense included in costs and expenses:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** | **Unaudited** |
| Cost of revenues | $929 | $1834 | $3004 | $5280 |
| Research, development and clinical studies | 6166 | 7294 | 18154 | 25421 |
| Sales and marketing | 7663 | 10276 | 21538 | 31220 |
| General and administrative | 14563 | 11960 | 42320 | 35357 |
| Total share-based compensation expense | $29321 | $31364 | $85016 | $97278 |

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***Key performance indicators***

We believe certain commercial operating statistics are useful to investors in evaluating our commercial business as they help our management team and investors evaluate and compare the adoption of our Products from period to period. The number of active patients on therapy is our principal revenue driver. An "active patient" is a patient who is receiving treatment under a commercial prescription order as of the measurement date, including patients who may be on a temporary break from treatment and who plan to resume treatment in less than 60 days. Prescriptions are a leading indicator of demand. A "prescription received" is a commercial order for Optune Gio or Optune Lua that is received from a physician certified to treat patients with our Products for a patient not previously on Optune Gio or Optune Lua. Orders to renew or extend treatment are not included in this total.

The following table includes certain commercial operating statistics for and as of the end of the periods presented.

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** | **September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** |
| | **Optune Gio** | **Optune Lua** | **Total** | **Optune Gio** | | **Optune Lua** | **Total** |
| Active patients at period end (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| United States | 2176 | 104 | 2280 | 2186 |  | 14 | 2200 |
| International markets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Germany | 595 | 31 | 626 | 558 | 520 | 12 | 570 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;France | 499 |  | 499 | 393 |  |  | 393 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Japan | 474 |  | 474 | 437 |  |  | 437 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other international | 533 | 4 | 537 | 506 |  | 7 | 513 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;International markets - Total | 2101 | 35 | 2136 | 1894 |  | 19 | 1913 |
|  | 4277 | 139 | 4416 | 4080 |  | 33 | 4113 |

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** |
| | **Optune Gio** | **Optune Lua** | **Total** | **Optune Gio** | **Optune Lua** | **Total** |
| Prescriptions received in period (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| United States | 954 | 104 | 1058 | 927 | 7 | 934 |
| International markets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Germany | 227 | 24 | 251 | 211 | 6 | 217 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;France | 191 |  | 191 | 171 |  | 171 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Japan | 130 |  | 130 | 99 |  | 99 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other international | 173 | 2 | 175 | 160 | 5 | 165 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;International markets - Total | 721 | 26 | 747 | 641 | 11 | 652 |
|  | 1675 | 130 | 1805 | 1568 | 18 | 1586 |

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** |
| | **Optune GIo** | **Optune Lua** | **Total** | **Optune Gio** | **Optune Lua** | **Total** |
| Prescriptions received in period (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| United States | 2825 | 311 | 3136 | 2860 | 21 | 2881 |
| International markets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Germany | 624 | 82 | 706 | 599 | 30 | 629 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;France | 577 |  | 577 | 533 |  | 533 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Japan | 349 |  | 349 | 298 |  | 298 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other international | 506 | 7 | 513 | 510 | 12 | 522 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;International markets - Total | 2056 | 89 | 2145 | 1940 | 42 | 1982 |
|  | 4881 | 400 | 5281 | 4800 | 63 | 4863 |

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(1) Optune Lua includes both active patients in NSCLC and MPM. Worldwide, there were 39 and 32 active MPM patients on therapy as of as of September 30, 2025 and 2024 and 100 and 1 active NSCLC patient(s) on therapy as of as of September 30, 2025 and 2024.

(2) Optune Lua includes both prescriptions for NSCLC and MPM. Worldwide, 21**,** 78**,** 18 and 61 MPM prescriptions were received in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and 109**,** 322**,** 0 and 2 NSCLC prescriptions were received in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

***Three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to three and nine months ended September 30, 2024***

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Net revenues | $167204 | $155095 | 8% | $481003 | $443954 | 8% |

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***Net revenues.*** Net revenues increased 8% to $167.2 million for the three months ending September 30, 2025 from $155.1 million for the same period in 2024. For the three months ended September 30, 2025 the net revenue increase primarily resulted from a $4.4 million increase from continued growth in France and a $3.3 million increase in Germany from active patient growth and reimbursement improvements. This increase also includes a $4.4 million increase from other international markets, driven by active patient growth in Sweden, aged accounts receivable in the UK, and early commercialization efforts in Spain. The overall increase includes $3.3 million of exchange rate benefits. This increase was partially offset by $1.7 million less revenue in the United States related to a reduction in one-time benefits for prior period claims. Recognized revenue from Optune Lua in the quarter was $3.1 million, including $1.6 million from NSCLC, and $1.5 million from MPM.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increase primarily resulted from a $15.9 million increase from continued growth in France, a $10.2 million increase in Germany from active patient growth and reimbursement improvements, and a $12.1 million increase from the remaining international markets driven by active patient growth. The overall increase for the nine-month period includes $5.7 million of exchange rate benefits.

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Cost of revenues | $44729 | $35372 | 26% | $124722 | $103715 | 20% |

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***Cost of revenues.*** For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the increase in cost of revenues was primarily due to 7% growth in active patients, $1.3 million higher array costs driven by the new array roll-out and the NSCLC launch, and $1.5 million in higher tariffs. In addition, the Company recognized a $2.9 million expense in the third quarter of 2025 related to an inventory obsolescence provision for Optune Lua arrays.

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Excluding sales to Zai, cost of revenues per active patient per month was $3,159 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of 16% from $2,713 for the same period in 2024, primarily due to the Optune Lua inventory obsolescence provision. Cost of revenues per active patient is calculated by dividing the cost of revenues for the quarter less equipment sales to Zai for the quarter by the average of the active patients at the end of the prior quarter and the ending active patients in the current quarter. This quarterly figure is then divided by three to estimate the monthly cost of revenues per active patient. Sales to Zai are deducted because they are sold at cost and in anticipation of future royalties from Zai, and Zai patient counts are not included in our active patient population. Cost of products sold to Zai totaled $3.3 million and $9.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $2.5 million and $8.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Gross margin was 73% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to 77% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The reduction in gross margin is primarily due to the aforementioned increase in cost of revenues. We expect that our gross margins will continue to be impacted by current and future product enhancements, such as the launch of our new arrays in the U.S. and our launch in NSCLC, as well as by the changing tariff landscape. We continue to focus on opportunities to increase efficiencies and scale within our supply chain. This includes evaluating new materials, manufacturers, and processes that could lead to lower costs.

***Operating Expenses.***

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Research, development and clinical studies | $54029 | $51882 | 4% | $163639 | $158435 | 3% |
| Sales and marketing | 58546 | 59830 | (2)% | 171404 | 171652 | —% |
| General and administrative | 45921 | 40103 | 15% | 134645 | 117344 | 15% |
| Total operating expenses | $158496 | $151815 | 4% | $469688 | $447431 | 5% |

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*Research, development and clinical study expenses.* Research, development and clinical study expenses increased 4% to $54.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $51.9 million for the same period in 2024. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the change was primarily due to a $2.6 million increase in product development costs and a $1.8 million increase in regulatory expenses related to the PANOVA-3 and METIS PMA filings, partially offset by $2.0 million in a reduction in direct clinical expenses due to the completion of the PANOVA-3 and METIS trials. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the change was primarily due to a $4.5 million increase in engineering costs, $2.2 million in regulatory expenses, and $1.9 million in direct clinical trial expenses related to the ramp up of the LUNAR-2 and KEYNOTE D58 trials, partially offset by $7.3 million lower share-based compensation expenses. Total research and development expenses can fluctuate quarter-to-quarter dependent upon the amount of clinical research organization services delivered, clinical materials procured and the number of trials actively underway within a given quarter.

*Sales and marketing expenses.* Sales and marketing expenses decreased 2% to $58.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $59.8 million for the same period in 2024. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the change was primarily driven by $2.6 million in lower share-based compensation expenses, partially offset by a $1.8 million increase in marketing expenses related to the Optune Lua for NSCLC launch and prelaunch activities for potential future indications in pancreatic cancer and brain metastases from NSCLC. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the change was primarily driven by $9.7 million lower share-based compensation expenses, partially offset by $6.6 million higher costs associated with the expansion of the sales force for Optune Lua for NSCLC, $2.1 million in higher market access and reimbursement expenses, and $1.6 million in higher marketing expenses.

*General and administrative expenses.* General and administrative expenses increased 15% to $45.9 million for the three-month period ended September 30, 2025 from $40.1 million for the same period in 2024. For the three months ended September 30, 2025, these changes were primarily due to $2.6 million higher share-based compensation expenses and higher personnel and professional service expenses to support the greater company build-out, particularly in enterprise technology as we invest in our digital infrastructure to enable scale. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the change was primarily due to $7.0 million of higher share-based

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compensation expenses, a $2.3 million one-time expense to retire a production line related to supply chain optimization efforts, and higher personnel and professional service expenses.

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Financial income (expenses), net | $5999 | $10507 | (43)% | $18111 | $31236 | (42)% |

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***Financial income (expenses), net.*** Financial income decreased $4.5 million or 43%, to $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $10.5 million in income for the same period in 2024, primarily due to a $2.7 million decrease in interest income on our investments and an increase of $2.0 million of foreign exchange expenses. Financial income decreased $13.1 million or 42%, to $18.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $31.2 million in income for the same period in 2024, primarily due to a $5.9 million decrease in interest income on our investments, $3.2 million in higher interest expenses related to our senior secured credit facility, an increase of $1.7 million of foreign exchange expenses and the non-recurring gain of $1.1 million in 2024 from the early redemption of our convertible note described above.

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Income taxes | $7248 | $8985 | (19)% | $16432 | $26749 | (39)% |

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***Income taxes***. Income taxes decreased 19% to $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from $9.0 million for the same period in 2024 primarily due to a $1.9 million increase in tax benefits from share-based compensation deductions and $1.3 million resulting from tax law changes in the U.S. Income taxes decreased 39% to $16.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from $26.7 million for the same period in 2024 primarily due to a $9.9 million increase in tax benefits from share-based compensation and $1.8 million resulting from tax law changes in the U.S.

***Non-GAAP financial measures***

We also measure our performance using a non-GAAP measurement of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and shared-based compensation ("Adjusted EBITDA"). We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors in evaluating our operating performance because it helps investors evaluate and compare the results of our operations from period to period by removing the impact of earnings attributable to our capital structure, tax rate and material non-cash items, specifically share-based compensation.

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as operating income before financial expenses and income taxes, net of depreciation, amortization and share-based compensation. The following table reconciles net income (loss), which is the most directly comparable GAAP operating performance measure, to Adjusted EBITDA.

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Net income (loss) | $(37270) | $(30570) | 22% | $(111728) | $(102705) | 9% |
| Add: Income tax | 7248 | 8985 | (19)% | 16432 | 26749 | (39)% |
| Add: Financial expenses (income), net | (5999) | (10507) | (43)% | (18111) | (31236) | (42)% |
| Add: Depreciation and amortization | 3663 | 2458 | 49% | 10432 | 8131 | 28% |
| EBITDA | $(32358) | $(29634) | 9% | $(102975) | $(99061) | 4% |
| Add: Share-based compensation | 29321 | 31364 | (7)% | 85016 | 97278 | (13)% |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $(3037) | $1730 | (276)% | $(17959) | $(1783) | 907% |

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Adjusted EBITDA decreased to a loss of $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 from profit of $1.7 million for the same period in 2024. For three months ended September 30, 2025, the change in adjusted EBITDA was primarily driven by revenue growth offset by increasing costs for new indications. The revenue increase drove a $2.8 million increase in gross profit. The gross profit increase was offset by increased operating expenses, primarily due to our launch in NSCLC and prelaunch activities for potential new indications. We intend to

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take actions that prioritize growth and maintain financial health and flexibility as we position our company for future profitability.

**<u>Liquidity and Capital Resources</u>**

We have incurred significant losses and cumulative negative cash flows from operations since our founding in 2000. As of September 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,265.9 million. To date, we have primarily financed our operations through the exercise of options, issuance and sale of equity and the proceeds from long-term loans.

At September 30, 2025, we had $1,033.5 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, an increase of $73.6 million compared to $959.9 million at December 31, 2024, primarily attributable to the proceeds of Tranche B of our Senior secured debt offset by net cash used in operations. We believe our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of September 30, 2025 are sufficient for our operations for at least the next 12 months based on our existing business plan and our ability to control the timing of significant expense commitments. We expect that our operating expenses will continue to increase over the next several years and may outpace our gross profit as we prepare to expand into additional indications beyond CNS and Lung. As a result, we may need to raise additional capital to fund our operations.

On November 1, 2025, we will pay at maturity our Convertible Notes in the amount of $560.9 million.

The following summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated has been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | | |
| | **2025** | **2024** |<br>**Change** |<br>**% Change** |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $(31027) | $(22918) | $(8109) | 35% |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 100950 | (118031) | 218981 | (186)% |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 108151 | 87630 | 20521 | 23% |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 470 | (46) | 516 | (1122)% |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $178544 | $(53365) | $231909 | (435)% |

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*Operating activities.* Net cash used in or provided by operating activities represents our net income (loss) for the periods presented, share-based compensation and depreciation and amortization. Operating cash flows are also impacted by changes in working capital as a result of collections from trade receivables and payments of accounts payables.

Net cash used in operating activities increased by $8.1 million from $22.9 million net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $31.0 million net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. This was primarily the result of a $9.0 million increase in net loss. Other factors generally have offset one another, including a $12.2 million decrease of share-based compensation, a $11.8 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses, a $6.5 million decrease in accounts receivable and a $4.4 million increase of accrued interest.

*Investing activities.* Our investing activities consist primarily of investments in and redemptions of our short-term investments as well as investments in property and equipment.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $100.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $118.0 million used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The $100.9 million net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to $122.7 million of net proceeds of short term investments and the purchase of $21.8 million of property and equipment. The $118.0 million net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to $84.1 million of net purchase of short-term investments and by the purchase of $33.9 million of property and equipment.

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*Financing activities.* Net cash provided by financing activities was $108.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to $87.6 million provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The $108.2 million net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily attributable to $100.0 million proceeds from the closing of Tranche B of our senior secured debt and to the exercise of options under our share option plan. The $87.6 million provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was attributable to $96.9 million of proceeds from Tranche A of the senior secured debt, offset by $12.9 million from the partial repayment of the convertible loan and to the the exercise of options under the Company's share option plan.

***Convertible Notes***

On November 5, 2020, we issued $575.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations. The Notes do not bear regular interest, and the principal amount of the Notes will not accrete. The Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 5.9439 ordinary shares per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $168.24 per ordinary share. The Notes are convertible at the option of the holders upon the satisfaction of certain other conditions and during certain periods, and if the Company exercises its right to redeem the Notes as permitted or required by the indenture. On or after August 1, 2025 until the close of the business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their Notes at the conversion rate at any time irrespective of the foregoing conditions.

In January 2021, we irrevocably elected to settle all conversions of Notes by a combination of cash and our ordinary shares and that the cash portion per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for all conversion settlements shall be $1,000. Accordingly, from and after the date of the election, upon conversion of any Notes, holders of Notes will receive, with respect to each $1,000 principal amount of Notes converted, cash in an amount up to $1,000 and the balance of the conversion value, if any, in our ordinary shares.

For more information, see Note 10a. to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 10-K.

***Senior Secured Term Loan Credit Facility***

On May 1, 2024 Novocure Luxembourg S.a.r.l. ("Borrower"), our wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into a new five-year senior secured credit facility of up to $400.0 million (the "Facility") with BPCR Limited Partnership and BioPharma Credit Investments V (Master) LP (collectively, the "Lenders"), BioPharma Credit PLC, as collateral agent for the Lenders, and the guarantors party to such agreement (the "Loan Agreement"). The Facility may be drawn in up to four drawings. The Loan Agreement provides for an initial term loan in the principal amount of $100.0 million (the "Tranche A Loan"), which was funded to the Borrower on May 1, 2024 (the "Tranche A Funding Date"). Under the Loan Agreement, the Borrower is required to give notice of its intent to draw $100.0 million on the Facility on or before June 30, 2025 (the "Tranche B Loan"), subject to customary conditions precedent as set forth in the Loan Agreement. Not later than December 31, 2025, the Borrower has the option to give notice of its intent to draw an additional $100.0 million of the Facility (the "Tranche C Loan") if (i) (A) we have received positive results from our PANOVA-3 phase 3 clinical trial or (B) our trailing net revenues for the most recently completed four quarters as reported in our financial statements filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("Trailing Four Quarters of Net Revenue") are greater than $575.0 million and (ii) the Notes are extinguished in full and are no longer outstanding. Not later than March 31, 2026, the Borrower has the option give notice of its intent to to draw an additional $100.0 million of the Facility (the "Tranche D Loan") if (i) we receive an approval or clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for our Tumor Treating Fields device for a pancreatic cancer indication or (ii) Trailing Four Quarters of Net Revenue is greater than $625.0 million. The closing date of each of the Tranche B Loan, Tranche C Loan and Tranche D Loan is ninety (90) days after we give the respective notice of our intent to draw. The obligations under the Loan Agreement are guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries and secured by a first lien on the Borrower's and certain of our other subsidiaries' assets. Outstanding term loans under the Loan Agreement will bear interest at an annual rate equal to 6.25% plus the three-month SOFR (subject to a 3.25% floor), payable quarterly in arrears and calculated on the basis of actual days elapsed in a 360-day year. The Borrower must pay 2.5% of additional consideration on each principal draw, with payment for the Tranche A Loan and the Tranche B Loan paid on the Tranche A Funding Date, and payments for the Tranche C Loan and the Tranche D Loan on their respective funding dates. Principal under the Facility will be repaid in eight equal quarterly repayments commencing with the third quarter of 2027 and continuing each quarter thereafter, with the final payment of outstanding principal due on the fifth anniversary of the Tranche A Funding Date. Voluntary prepayment of all, but not less than all, of the term loans outstanding is permitted at any time, subject to make-whole and prepayment premiums as set forth in the Loan Agreement. Prepayment of all term loans outstanding, subject to make-whole and

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prepayment premiums, is due and payable upon a change-in-control as defined in the Loan Agreement. Make-whole and prepayment premiums are due and payable for the Tranche B Loans for any voluntary prepayment of the term loans outstanding, upon a change-in-control (as defined in the Loan Agreement), and upon any acceleration of the maturity date, in each case regardless of whether the Tranche B Loan is drawn. The Loan Agreement contains a financial covenant only if the Tranche C Loan and/or Tranche D Loan are funded, in which case we are required to maintain at least Trailing Four Quarters of Net Revenue of at least $500.0 million, calculated on a trailing twelve-month basis as of the end of each fiscal quarter, beginning with the first quarter of 2027 based on year-end 2026 audited financial statements.

The draw of the Tranche B Loan closed on September 26, 2025. As of September 30, 2025 the Company had borrowed the Tranche A Loan and the Tranche B Loans in the aggregate principal amount of $200.0 million.

**<u>Contractual Obligations and Commitments</u>**

There have been no material changes from the information disclosed in our 2024 10-K.

**<u>Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements</u>**

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined under U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules.

**Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk**

There have been no material changes from the information disclosed in our 2024 10-K.

**Item 4. Controls and Procedures**

**Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2025. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2025, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

**Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting**

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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**PART II—OTHER INFORMATION**

**Item 1. Legal Proceedings**

From time to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings, claims, investigations and litigation that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Litigation is inherently uncertain. Accordingly, we cannot predict with certainty the outcome of these matters. After considering a number of factors, including (but not limited to) the views of legal counsel, the nature of contingencies to which the Company is subject and prior experience, management believes that the ultimate disposition of these legal actions will not materially affect its consolidated financial position or results of operations.

**Item 1A. Risk Factors**

There have been no material changes to our risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A "Risk Factors" in the 2024 10-K.

**Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds**

None.

**Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities**

None.

**Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures**

Not applicable.

**Item 5. Other Information**

<u>Securities Trading Plans of Executive Officers and Directors</u>

Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act provides an affirmative defense that enables prearranged transactions in securities in a manner that avoids concerns about initiating transactions at a future date while possibly in possession of material nonpublic information. Our Insider Trading Policy permits our executive officers and directors to enter into trading plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1.

The following table describes contracts, instructions or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities that are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5–1(c) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (each a "Rule 10b5-1 Plan") adopted by our executive officers and directors during the three month period ending September 30, 2025:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Name and Title | Title | Date of Adoption | Duration of Rule 10b5-1 Plan | Aggregate Number of Securities to be Purchased Pursuant to the Rule 10b5-1 Plan | Aggregate Number of Securities to be Sold Pursuant to the Rule 10b5-1 Plan |
| Mukund Paravasthu | Chief Operating Officer | July 29, 2025 | 11/4/2025-9/30/2026 | 87894 | 102334 |
| Kinyip Gabriel Leung | Director | August 19, 2025 | 11/18/2025-8/31/2026 | 24413 | 88410 |

---

During the three-month period ending September 30, 2025, Mr. Paravasthu terminated the plan referenced above on September 11, 2025 and none of our other executive officers or directors terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan or adopted or terminated a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K).

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**Item 6. Exhibits**

**EXHIBIT INDEX**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit<br>Number** | | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Filed<br>Herewith** |
| **Exhibit<br>Number** | **Exhibit Description** | **Form** | **Date** | **Number** | **Filed<br>Herewith** |
| 31.1 | <u>[Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended](nvcr-20250930xexx311.htm)</u> |  |  |  | X |
| 31.2 | <u>[Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended](nvcr-20250930xexx312.htm)</u> |  |  |  | X |
| 32.1\* | <u>[Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. §1350](nvcr-20250930xexx321.htm)</u> |  |  |  | X |
| 32.2\* | <u>[Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. §1350](nvcr-20250930xexx322.htm)</u> |  |  |  | X |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document |  |  |  | X |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  | X |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  | X |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  | X |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  | X |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  | X |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Date File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  | X |

---

____________________________________________

#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Compensation plans and arrangements for executive officers and others.

\*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The certifications attached as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of NovoCure Limited under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **NovoCure Limited** |
| Date: October 30, 2025 | /s/ Christoph Brackmann |
| | Christoph Brackmann<br>Chief Financial Officer<br>(principal financial and accounting officer<br>and duly authorized officer) |

---

## Exhibit 31.1

**<u>Exhibit 31.1</u>**

**<u>CERTIFICATIONS</u>**

I, Ashley Cordova certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NovoCure Limited;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting.

---

| |
|:---|
| Date: October 30, 2025 |
| /s/ Ashley Cordova |
| Ashley Cordova |
| Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**<u>Exhibit 31.2</u>**

**<u>CERTIFICATIONS</u>**

I, Christoph Brackmann, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NovoCure Limited;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting.

---

| |
|:---|
| Date: October 30, 2025 |
| /s/ Christoph Brackmann |
| Christoph Brackmann |
| Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**<u>Exhibit 32.1</u>**

**NOVOCURE LIMITED**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of NovoCure Limited (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Ashley Cordova, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Ashley Cordova |
| Ashley Cordova |
| Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

Date: October 30, 2025

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff on request.

This certification accompanies the Report to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of NovoCure Limited under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

## Exhibit 32.2

**<u>Exhibit 32.2</u>**

**NOVOCURE LIMITED**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of NovoCure Limited (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Christoph Brackmann, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Christoph Brackmann |
| Christoph Brackmann |
| Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

Date: October 30, 2025

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff on request.

This certification accompanies the Report to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of NovoCure Limited under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Report), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

<br>