# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000889132
**File Stem:** 0001193125-23-069571
**Filing Date:** 2023-3
**Character Count:** 276539
**Document Hash:** 2add1de00f768ffd66f4dd782c151df4
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001193125-23-069571.hdr.sgml**: 20230314

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001193125-23-069571

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 6-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 4

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20230314

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230314

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230314

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** POSCO HOLDINGS INC.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000889132
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** STEEL WORKS, BLAST FURNACES  ROLLING MILLS (COKE OVENS) [3312]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 000000000
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 6-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-13368
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23729132

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** POSCO CENTER
- **STREET 2:** 440 TEHERAN-RO
- **CITY:** GANGNAM-GU, SEOUL
- **STATE:** M5
- **ZIP:** 06194
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 02-3457-0114

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** POSCO CENTER
- **STREET 2:** 440 TEHERAN-RO
- **CITY:** GANGNAM-GU, SEOUL
- **STATE:** M5
- **ZIP:** 06194

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** POSCO
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20020517

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** POHANG IRON & STEEL CO LTD
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19930607

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**UNITED STATES** 

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION** 

**Washington, D.C. 20549** 

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**Form 6-K** 

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**REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER** 

**PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15D-16** 

**UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934** 

**For the month of March, 2023** 

**Commission File Number: 1-13368** 

## POSCO HOLDINGS INC.
**(Translation of registrant's name into English)** 

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**POSCO Center, 440 Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea, 06194** 

**(Address of principal executive office)** 

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☒ Form 40-F ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): ☐

**Note**: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submitted solely to provide an attached annual report to security holders.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): ☐

**Note**: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submitted to furnish a report or other document that the registrant foreign private issuer must furnish and make public under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the registrant is incorporated, domiciled or legally organized (the registrant's "home country"), or under the rules of the home country exchange on which the registrant's securities are traded, as long as the report or other document is not a press release, is not required to be and has not been distributed to the registrant's security holders, and, if discussing a material event, has already been the subject of a Form 6-K submission or other Commission filing on EDGAR.

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POSCO HOLDINGS INC. is furnishing under cover of Form 6-K:

**Exhibit 99.1:** An English-language translated documents of Separate Financial Statements audited by independent auditors

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

<u>POSCO HOLDINGS INC.</u> 

(Registrant)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| <u>Date: March 14, 2023</u> | By <u>/s/ Han, Young-Ah</u> | By <u>/s/ Han, Young-Ah</u> |
|  | (Signature) | (Signature) |
|  | Name: | Han, Young-Ah |
|  | Title: | Senior Vice President |

---

## Exhibit 99.1

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**Exhibit 99.1** 

**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Separate Financial Statements** 

**December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

**(With Independent Auditors' Report Thereon)** 

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**Table of Contents** 

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page** |
|  [**Independent Auditors' Report**](#ex99_1469094_1) | 1 |
|  **Separate Financial Statements** |  |
|  [Separate Statements of Financial Position](#ex99_1469094_2) | 6 |
|  [Separate Statements of Comprehensive Income](#ex99_1469094_3) | 8 |
|  [Separate Statements of Changes in Equity](#ex99_1469094_4) | 9 |
|  [Separate Statements of Cash Flows](#ex99_1469094_5) | 10 |
|  [Notes to the Separate Financial Statements](#ex99_1469094_6) | 12 |
|  [**Independent Auditors' Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting**](#ex99_1469094_7) | 99 |
|  [**Report on the Operating Status of Internal Control over Financial Reporting**](#ex99_1469094_8) | 101 |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**Independent Auditors' Report** 

<u>Based on a report originally issued in Korean</u> 

The Board of Directors and Shareholders

POSCO HOLDINGS INC.:

**Opinion** 

We have audited the separate financial statements of POSCO HOLDINGS INC.(the "Company"), which comprise the separate statements of financial position as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the separate statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes, comprising significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.

In our opinion, the accompanying separate financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the separate financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and its separate financial performance and its separate cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards ("K-IFRS").

We also have audited, in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing ("KSAs"), the Company's Internal Control over Financial Reporting ("ICFR") as of December 31, 2022 based on the criteria established in Conceptual Framework for Designing and Operating Internal Control over Financial Reporting issued by the Operating Committee of Internal Control over Financial Reporting in the Republic of Korea, and our report dated March 9, 2023 expressed an unmodified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

**Basis for Opinion** 

We conducted our audits in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing ("KSAs"). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the separate financial statements in Republic of Korea, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**Emphasis of matter** 

We draw attention to Note 1 and Note 40 to the separate financial statements, which describes the spin-off by the former POSCO, the controlling company on March 1, 2022. Upon completion of the spin-off, the surviving company was renamed as POSCO HOLDINGS INC., and a new subsidiary, POSCO, was established. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.

**Key Audit Matters** 

The key audit matter communicated below is a matter that, in our professional judgment, was of most significance in our audit of the separate financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. This matter was addressed in the context of our audit of the separate financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on this matter.

<u>Assessment of impairment on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures</u>

As described in notes 3, 11 and 33 to the separate financial statements, the carrying amount of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures is W45,187,627 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company recognized impairment loss on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of W263,263 million during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company identifies whether there is any indication for impairment at the end of each reporting period and performs impairment test over investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures when impairment indicator exists. The Company measures the impairment loss as the difference between the recoverable amount and the carrying amount, if the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is the greater of value-in-use and fair value less costs to sell. In estimating the value-in-use, management's judgment is involved in determining the key assumptions such as estimated sales, discount rate and terminal growth rate each has a significant impact on the estimated value-in-use. Considering significant degree of management's judgements required in estimating value-in-use and likelihood of existence of management bias, we identified assessment of impairment on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures as a key audit matter.

The primary procedures we performed to address this key audit matter included the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Testing certain internal controls over the Company's impairment assessment process of investments in
subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Assessing whether the impairment tests have been completely performed on investments of which indication of
impairment exists;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Evaluating the key assumptions (including estimated sales) used to determine the value-in-use by comparison with the latest financial budgets approved by the Board of Directors, historical performance and industry reports;

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Comparing the estimated sales prepared in prior year with the current year's performance to assess the
Company's ability to accurately forecast;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Assessing the terminal growth rates by comparison with observable market information;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Performing sensitivity analysis on the discount rates and terminal growth rates applied to assess the impact of
changes in these key assumptions on the results of management's impairment assessments; and,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Engaging our valuation specialists to assist us in evaluating the discount rates used in the valuation by
comparing it against discount rates that were independently developed using observable information.

**Other Matter** 

The procedures and practices utilized in the Republic of Korea to audit such separate financial statements may differ from those generally accepted and applied in other countries.

**Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Separate Financial Statements** 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the separate financial statements in accordance with K-IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of separate financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the separate financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company's financial reporting process.

**Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Separate Financial Statements** 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the separate financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with KSAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these separate financial statements.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
As part of an audit in accordance with KSAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the separate financial statements, whether due to fraud
or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is
higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are
appropriate in the circumstances.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used in the preparation of the separate financial statements
and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on
the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we
are required to draw attention in our auditors' report to the related disclosures in the separate financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to
the date of our auditors' report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the separate financial statements, including the
disclosures, and whether the separate financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the separate financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditors' report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditors' report is Yang Ki Jung.

Seoul, Korea

March 9, 2023

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This report is effective as of March 9, 2023, the audit report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances, which may occur between the audit report date and the time of reading this report, could have a material impact on the accompanying separate financial statements and notes thereto. Accordingly, the readers of the audit report should understand that the above audit report has not been updated to reflect the impact of such subsequent events or circumstances, if any.<br>

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Separate Statements of Financial Position** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Notes** | **December 31,<br>2022** | **December 31,<br>2022** | **December 31,<br>2021** |
|  **Assets** |  |  |  |  |
|  Cash and cash equivalents | 4522 | W | 1415201 | 2042274 |
|  Trade accounts and notes receivable, net | 62237 |  | 128991 | 6017508 |
|  Other receivables, net | 72237 |  | 40288 | 545341 |
|  Other short-term financial assets | 822 |  | 2515375 | 9605522 |
|  Inventories | 934 |  |  | 7623202 |
|  Assets held for sale | 10 |  |  | 29789 |
|  Current income tax assets | 35 |  | 203263 |  |
|  Other current assets | 15 |  | 5172 | 55244 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total current assets** |  |  | 4308290 | 25918880 |
|  Long-term trade accounts and notes receivable, net | 622 |  |  | 5675 |
|  Other receivables, net | 722 |  | 209057 | 274253 |
|  Other long-term financial assets | 822 |  | 1062530 | 1326565 |
|  Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures | 1133 |  | 45187627 | 16002640 |
|  Investment property, net | 12 |  | 220699 | 144140 |
|  Property, plant and equipment, net | 1333 |  | 145006 | 19772299 |
|  Intangible assets, net | 14 |  | 15902 | 551410 |
|  Defined benefit assets, net | 20 |  |  | 212531 |
|  Other non-current assets | 15 |  | 8 | 34366 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total non-current assets** |  |  | 46840829 | 38323879 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total assets** |  | W | 51149119 | 64242759 |

---

*See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.* 

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Separate Statements of Financial Position, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Notes** | **December 31,<br>2022** | **December 31,<br>2022** | **December 31,<br>2021** |
|  **Liabilities** |  |  |  |  |
|  Trade accounts and notes payable | 2237 | W |  | 2453068 |
|  Short-term borrowings and current installments of long-term borrowings | 4162239 |  |  | 2072354 |
|  Other payables | 17223739 |  | 64597 | 1267459 |
|  Other short-term financial liabilities | 182239 |  | 5815 | 13755 |
|  Current income tax liabilities | 35 |  |  | 1832078 |
|  Liabilities directly associated with the assets held for sale | 10 |  |  | 185 |
|  Provisions | 19 |  | 45388 | 84409 |
|  Other current liabilities | 21 |  | 3193 | 144961 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total current liabilities** |  |  | 118993 | 7868269 |
|  Long-term borrowings, excluding current installments | 4162239 |  | 1359587 | 6129778 |
|  Other payables | 172239 |  |  | 399144 |
|  Other long-term financial liabilities | 182239 |  | 3668 | 21991 |
|  Defined benefit liabilities, net | 20 |  | 3761 |  |
|  Deferred tax liabilities | 35 |  | 2480379 | 747653 |
|  Long-term provisions | 19 |  | 10868 | 36755 |
|  Other non-current liabilities | 21 |  |  | 3744 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total non-current liabilities** |  |  | 3858263 | 7339065 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total liabilities** |  |  | 3977256 | 15207334 |
|  **Equity** |  |  |  |  |
|  Share capital | 23 |  | 482403 | 482403 |
|  Capital surplus | 2327 |  | 1360894 | 1339289 |
|  Hybrid bonds | 24 |  |  | 199384 |
|  Reserves | 25 |  | (188801) | (211849) |
|  Treasury shares | 26 |  | (1892308) | (2508294) |
|  Retained earnings | 28 |  | 47409675 | 49734492 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total equity** |  |  | 47171863 | 49035425 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total liabilities and equity** |  | W | 51149119 | 64242759 |

---

*See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.* 

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Separate Statements of Comprehensive Income** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won, except per share informations)* | **Notes** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Operating revenue** | 2937 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Revenue |  | W | 8589819 | 39920201 |
|  **Operating expenses** | 93437 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cost of sales | 3134 |  | (6463246) | (32136439) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on trade accounts and notes receivable |  |  |  | (10) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other administrative expenses | 2730 |  | (414086) | (911841) |
|  Selling expenses | 30 |  | (37594) | (222311) |
|  |  |  | (6914926) | (33270601) |
|  **Operating profit** |  |  | 1674893 | 6649600 |
|  Finance income and costs | 2232 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Finance income |  |  | 392984 | 1694175 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Finance costs |  |  | (434963) | (925649) |
|  Other non-operating income and expenses |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on other receivables |  |  | (128) | (363) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other non-operating income | 33 |  | 33699 | 227008 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other non-operating expenses | 3334 |  | (347002) | (661071) |
|  **Profit before income tax** |  |  | 1319483 | 6983700 |
|  Income tax expense | 35 |  | (1787336) | (1802473) |
|  **Profit (loss)** |  |  | (467853) | 5181227 |
|  **Other comprehensive income (loss)** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Remeasurements of defined benefit plans | 20 |  | (75271) | 32426 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income | 82225 |  | (37054) | 83110 |
|  **Total comprehensive income (loss)** |  | W | (580178) | 5296763 |
|  **Earnings (loss) per share (in Won)** | 36 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Basic earnings (loss) per share (in Won) |  |  | (6185) | 68360 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Diluted earnings (loss) per share (in Won) |  | W | (6649) | 66651 |

---

*See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.* 

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Separate Statements of Changes in Equity** 

**For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Share**<br>**capital** | **Share**<br>**capital** | **Capital<br>surplus** | **Hybrid<br>bonds** | **Reserves** | **Treasury**<br>**shares** | **Retained<br>earnings** | **Total** |
|  **Balance as of January 1, 2021** | W | 482403 | 1339289 | 199384 | (296626) | (2391523) | 45781777 | 45114704 |
|  **Comprehensive income:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Profit |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5181227 | 5181227 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Remeasurements of defined benefit plans, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32426 | 32426 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  | 84777 |  | (1667) | 83110 |
|  **Transactions with owners of the Company, recognized directly in equity:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Year-end dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  | (342564) | (342564) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interim dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  | (907507) | (907507) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest of hybrid bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9200) | (9200) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Acquisition of treasury shares |  |  |  |  |  | (116771) |  | (116771) |
|  **Balance as of December 31, 2021** | W | 482403 | 1339289 | 199384 | (211849) | (2508294) | 49734492 | 49035425 |
|  **Balance as of January 1, 2022** | W | 482403 | 1339289 | 199384 | (211849) | (2508294) | 49734492 | 49035425 |
|  **Comprehensive income:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss |  |  |  |  |  |  | (467853) | (467853) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Remeasurements of defined benefit plans, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  | (75271) | (75271) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  | 23048 |  | (60102) | (37054) |
|  **Transactions with owners of the Company, recognized directly in equity:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Year-end dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  | (378128) | (378128) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interim dividends |  |  |  |  |  |  | (758491) | (758491) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest of hybrid bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1486) | (1486) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Disposal of treasury shares |  |  | 9491 |  |  | 48512 |  | 58003 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Retirement of treasury shares |  |  |  |  |  | 567474 | (583486) | (16012) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Changes from spin-off |  |  |  | (199384) |  |  |  | (199384) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Share-based payment |  |  | 12114 |  |  |  |  | 12114 |
|  **Balance as of December 31, 2022** | W | 482403 | 1360894 |  | (188801) | (1892308) | 47409675 | 47171863 |

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*See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.* 

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Separate Statements of Cash Flows** 

**For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Notes** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Cash flows from operating activities** |  |  |  |  |
|  Profit (loss) |  | W | (467853) | 5181227 |
|  Adjustments for : |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Expenses related to post-employment benefit |  |  | 22082 | 121059 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Depreciation |  |  | 393121 | 2289507 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Amortization |  |  | 17180 | 107465 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on trade and other receivables |  |  | 128 | 373 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Finance income |  |  | (346942) | (577419) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dividend income |  |  | (909846) | (698592) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Finance costs |  |  | 369038 | 514904 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss on valuation of inventories |  |  | 1722 | 4854 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (5464) | (30359) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 20211 | 111955 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment |  |  | 3 | 228171 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on intangible assets |  |  |  | 7180 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on disposal of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  |  | (13933) | (56121) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  |  | 263263 | 208732 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on disposal of assets held for sale |  |  | (2706) | (48018) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss on disposal of emission rights |  |  |  | 5843 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Increase to provisions |  |  | 55196 | 42655 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Income tax expense |  |  | 1787336 | 1802473 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Employee benefits |  |  | 61603 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  |  | 3042 | 16436 |
|  Changes in operating assets and liabilities | 39 |  | (808142) | (4980364) |
|  Interest received |  |  | 44615 | 144368 |
|  Interest paid |  |  | (50424) | (180743) |
|  Dividends received |  |  | 891019 | 716640 |
|  Income taxes paid |  |  | (2054488) | (151888) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | W | (730237) | 4780338 |

---

*See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.* 

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Separate Statements of Cash Flows, Continued** 

**For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Notes** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Cash flows from investing activities** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Decrease in deposits |  | W | 450017 | 2464819 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of short-term financial instruments |  |  | 28806313 | 35801788 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of long-term financial instruments |  |  | 5 | 6 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Collection of short-term loans |  |  | 1416 | 7430 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of debt securities |  |  | 151100 | 150070 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of long-term debt securities |  |  |  | 1739 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of equity securities |  |  | 166358 | 14066 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of other securities |  |  | 49961 | 6049 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of derivatives |  |  |  | 1482 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  |  | 804754 | 3896 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of intangible assets |  |  |  | 727 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of assets held for sale |  |  | 3074 | 67264 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from disposal of emission rights |  |  |  | 5503 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Increase in deposits |  |  | (550571) | (2563854) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Acquisition of short-term financial instruments |  |  | (25457214) | (35426439) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Acquisition of long-term financial instruments |  |  |  | (272824) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Increase in long-term loans |  |  | (3618) | (196101) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Acquisition of debt securities |  |  | (50000) | (150033) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Acquisition of other securities |  |  | (104197) | (44867) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Acquisition of investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  |  | (1042298) | (1206424) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Acquisition of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (359532) | (1968289) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Payment for disposal of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (14447) | (59806) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Acquisition of intangible asstes |  |  | (10195) | (49478) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cash outflow for spin-off |  |  | (1910211) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  | W | 930715 | (3413276) |
|  **Cash flows from financing activities** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Proceeds from borrowings |  |  | 537165 | 5553432 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Increase in long-term financial liabilities |  |  | 15515 | 1396 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Receipt of government grants |  |  |  | 431 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Repayment of borrowings |  |  | (232977) | (5272719) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Decrease in long-term financial liabilities |  |  | (279) | (1318) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Repayment of lease liabilities |  |  | (7493) | (46756) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Payment for disposal of derivatives |  |  | (7102) | (9103) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Payment of cash dividends |  |  | (1136298) | (1248689) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Acquisition of treasury shares |  |  |  | (116771) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Payment of interest of hybrid bonds |  |  |  | (9200) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net cash used in financing activities | 39 | W | (831469) | (1149297) |
|  **Effect of exchange rate fluctuation on cash held** |  |  | 3918 | 1849 |
|  **Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents** |  |  | (627073) | 219614 |
|  **Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period** | **5** |  | 2042274 | 1822660 |
|  **Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period** | **5** | W | 1415201 | 2042274 |

---

*See accompanying notes to the separate financial statements.* 

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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**1. Reporting Entity** 

POSCO HOLDINGS INC., the controlling company, was established on April 1, 1968, under the Commercial Code of the Republic of Korea. The shares of the Company have been listed on the Korea Exchange since June 10, 1988. The Company operates an investment business that controls and manages through ownership of shares of subsidiaries etc.

On March 2, 2022, the Company established a new subsidiary, POSCO, by a vertical spin-off of its steel business (The surviving company owns 100% of shares) on March 1, 2022, and changed the name of the surviving company to POSCO HOLDINGS INC..

As of December 31, 2022, major shareholders are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Shareholder's name** | **Number of shares** | **Ownership (%)** |
|  National Pension Service | 7706725 | 9.11 |
|  BlackRock Fund Advisors(\*1) | 4390734 | 5.19 |
|  The Government of Singapore | 3336926 | 3.95 |
|  Nippon Steel Corporation | 2894712 | 3.42 |
|  FMR LLC (Fidelity Management&Research) | 2783481 | 3.29 |
|  Others | 63458652 | 75.04 |
|  | 84571230 | 100.00 |

---

(\*1) Includes shares held by subsidiaries and others.

As of December 31, 2022, the shares of the Company are listed on the Korea Exchange, while its ADRs are listed on the New York Stock Exchanges.

**2. Statement of Compliance** 

**Statement of compliance** 

The separate financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards ("K-IFRS"), as prescribed in the *Act on External Audit of Stock Companies, Etc.* in the Republic of Korea.

These financial statements are separate financial statements prepared in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1027 "Separate Financial Statements" presented by a parent, an investor with joint control of, or significant influence over, an investee, in which the investments are accounted for at cost.

The separate financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on January 27, 2023, and are expected to be submitted for approval at the shareholders' meeting to be held on March 17, 2023.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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**Basis of measurement** 

The separate financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the following material items in the statement of financial position, as described in the accounting policy below.

(a) Derivatives instruments measured at fair value

(b) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss

(c) Financial instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

(d) Defined benefit liabilities measured at the present value of the defined benefit obligation less the fair value
of the plan assets

**Functional and presentation currency** 

These separate financial statements are presented in Korean Won, which is the Company's functional currency which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.

**Use of estimates and judgments** 

The preparation of the separate financial statements in conformity with K-IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period prospectively.

(a) Judgments

Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the separate financial statements is included in the following notes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note 11—Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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(b) Assumptions and estimation uncertainties

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next fiscal year is included in the following notes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note 11—Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note 19—Provisions

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note 20—Employee benefits

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note 22—Financial Instruments

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note 35—Income taxes

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note 38—Commitments and contingencies

(c) Measurement of fair value

The Company's accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. The Company has an established control framework with respect to the measurement of fair values. This includes a valuation team that has overall responsibility for overseeing all significant fair value measurements, including Level 3 fair values, and reports directly to the financial officer.

The valuation team regularly reviews significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, then the valuation team assesses the evidence obtained from the third parties to support the conclusion that such valuations meet the requirements of K-IFRS including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which such valuation techniques should be classified.

Significant valuation issues are reported to the Company's Audit Committee.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company uses market observable data as far as possible. Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Level 1 – unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the assets
or liability, either directly or indirectly.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Level 3 – inputs for the assets or liability that are not based on observable market data.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability might be categorized in different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

Information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following note:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note 22 – Financial instruments

**Changes in Accounting Policies** 

Except for the standards and amendments applied for the first time for the reporting period commenced January 1, 2022 described below, the accounting policies applied by the Company in these financial statements are the same as those applied by the Company in its financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The Company has applied 'Phase 2 Interest Rate Benchmark Reform'(K-IFRS No. 1109 "Financial Instruments", K-IFRS No. 1039 "Financial Instruments : Recognition and Measurement" , K-IFRS No. 1107 "Financial Instruments : Disclosures" , K-IFRS No. 1116 "Lease") for the first time for the reporting period commenced January 1, 2021. The Company believes that the effect of the other standards and amendments applied for the initial time for the reporting period commenced January 1, 2022 is not significant.

In relation to 'Phase 2 Interest Rate Benchmark Reform', the amendments provide practical expedients to account for modification in Financial Instruments, lease and hedging relationship.

Information about the accounting policy is included in the following note:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note 3 Non-derivative financial assets – (f) Interest Rate Benchmark
Reform

The Company believes that the effect of the amendments to the financial statements is not significant.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies** 

The significant accounting policies applied by the Company in preparation of its separate financial statements are included below. The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these financial statements, except for those as disclosed in note 2.

**Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures** 

These separate financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1027 "Separate Financial Statements". The Company applied the cost method to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1027. Dividends from a subsidiary, associate or joint venture are recognized in profit or loss when the right to receive the dividend is established.

**Foreign currency transactions and translation** 

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded using the spot exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the transaction. At the end of each reporting period, foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the original transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date fair value is initially determined.

Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. When gains or losses on non-monetary items are recognized in other comprehensive income, exchange components of those gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Conversely, when gains or losses on non-monetary items are recognized in profit or loss, exchange components of those gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss.

**Cash and cash equivalents** 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, demand deposits, and short-term investments in highly liquid securities that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Equity investments are excluded from cash and cash equivalents.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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**Non-derivative financial assets** 

Trade receivables and debt securities issued are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets are initially recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at amortized cost, debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, or financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Company changes its business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the reporting period following the change in the business model.

(a) Financial assets measured at amortized cost

A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at fair value through profit or loss.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows, and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and
interest on the principal amount outstanding

Financial assets measured at amortized cost are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, gains and losses on foreign currency translation and impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in profit or loss.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(b) Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

A debt instrument is measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at fair value through profit or loss.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collection contractual cash flows and
selling financial assets and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and
interest on the principal amount outstanding

Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income which is calculated using the effective interest method, gains and losses from foreign currency translation and impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss and other net profit or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. At the time of elimination, other accumulated comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss.

(c) Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held for trading, the Company may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment's fair value in other comprehensive income. This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.

Equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognized as income in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income and never reclassified to profit or loss.

(d) Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost of fair value through other comprehensive income as described above are measured at fair value through profit or loss. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Company may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at fair value through other comprehensive income as at fair value through profit or loss if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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(e) Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been transferred and the Company has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. If a transfer does not result in derecognition because the Company has retained substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the transferred asset, the Company continues to recognize the transferred asset in its entirety and recognizes a financial liability for the consideration received.

(f) Interest rate benchmark reform

The Company reflects the changes in the basis for determining contractual cash flows of financial assets and financial liabilities as a result of interest rate benchmark reform by updating the effective interest rate.

A change in the basis for determining the contractual cash flows is required by the interest rate benchmark reform if the folloWing conditions are met:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) the change is necessary as a direct consequence of the reform; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the new basis for determining the contractual cash flows is economically equivalent to the previous basis – i.e. the basis immediately before the change.

When changes were made to a financial asset or financial liability in addition to changes to the basis for determining the contractual cash flows required by interest rate benchmark reform, the Company first updates the effective interest rate, and then applies the policies on accounting for modifications to the additional changes.

(g) Offsetting a financial asset and a financial liability

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the separate statement of financial position only when the Company currently has a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts, and there is the intention to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

**Inventories** 

Inventory costs, except materials-in-transit in which costs are determined by using specific identification method, are determined by using the moving-weighted average method. The cost of inventories comprise all costs of purchase, costs of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. The allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of finished goods or work in progress are based on the normal capacity of the production facilities.

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realizable value and all losses of inventories are recognized as an expense in the period, the write-down or loss occurs. The amount of any reversal of any write-down of inventories arising from an increase in net realizable value is recognized as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognized as a cost of goods sold in the period in which the reversal occurs.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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The carrying amount of those inventories is recognized as cost of goods sold in the period in which the related revenue is recognized.

**Non-current assets held for sale** 

Non-current assets or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities that are expected to be recovered primarily through sale rather than through continuing use are classified as held for sale. In order to be classified as held for sale, the assets or disposal groups must be available for immediate sale in their present condition and their sale must be highly probable. The assets or disposal groups that are classified as non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less cost to sell.

The Company recognizes an impairment loss for any initial or subsequent write-down of an asset or disposal group to fair value less costs to sell, and a gain for any subsequent increase in fair value less costs to sell, up to the cumulative impairment loss previously recognized.

A non-current asset that is classified as held for sale or part of a disposal group classified as held for sale is not depreciated (or amortized).

**Investment property** 

Property held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both is classified as investment property. Investment property is measured initially at its cost. Transaction costs are included in the initial measurement. Subsequently, investment property is carried at depreciated cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

Subsequent costs are recognized in the carrying amount of investment property at cost or, if appropriate, as separate items if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each reporting date and adjusted, if appropriate. The change is accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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**Property, plant and equipment** 

Property, plant and equipment are initially measured at cost and after initial recognition, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. The cost of property, plant and equipment includes expenditures arising directly from the construction or acquisition of the asset, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management and, when the Company has an obligation to remove the asset or restore the site, an estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

The cost of replacing a part of an item is recognized in the carrying amount of the item of property, plant and equipment, if the following recognition criteria are met:

(a) it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and

(b) the cost can be measured reliably.

The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized at the time the replacement part is recognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of the item are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Items of property, plant and equipment are depreciated from the date they are available for use or, in respect of self-constructed assets, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use. Other than land, the costs of an asset less its estimated residual value are depreciated. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis, which most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits embodied in the asset, over the estimated useful lives of each component of an item of property, plant and equipment.

Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately.

The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is included in profit or loss when the item is derecognized.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  Buildings | 5-40 years |
|  Structures | 5-40 years |
|  Machinery and equipment | 15 years |
|  Vehicles | 4 years |
|  Tools | 4 years |
|  Furniture and fixtures | 4 years |
|  Lease assets | 4-20 years |

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The estimated residual value, useful lives and the depreciation method are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

**Borrowing costs** 

The Company capitalizes borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognized in expense as incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. Financial assets and inventories that are manufactured or otherwise produced over a short period of time are not qualifying assets. Assets that are ready for their intended use or sale when acquired are not qualifying assets.

To the extent that the Company borrows funds specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Company determines the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization as the actual borrowing costs incurred on that borrowing during the period less any investment income on the temporary investment of those borrowings. The Company immediately recognizes other borrowing costs as an expense. To the extent that the Company borrows funds generally and uses them for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Company shall determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization by applying a capitalization rate to the expenditures on that asset. The capitalization rate shall be the weighted average of the borrowing costs applicable to the borrowings of the Company that are outstanding during the period, other than borrowings made specifically for the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset. The amount of borrowing costs that the Company capitalizes during a period shall not exceed the amount of borrowing costs incurred during that period.

**Intangible assets** 

Intangible assets are measured initially at cost and, subsequently, are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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Amortization of intangible assets except for goodwill is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets from the date that they are available for use. The residual value of intangible assets is zero. However, as there are no foreseeable limits to the periods over which club memberships are expected to be available for use, this intangible asset is determined as an having an indefinite useful life and not amortized.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Intellectual property rights | 5-7 years |
| Development expense | 4 years |
| Port facilities usage rights | 4-75 years |
| Other intangible assets | 4 years |

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Amortization periods and the amortization methods for intangible assets with finite useful lives are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. The useful lives of intangible assets that are not being amortized are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support indefinite useful life assessments for those assets. Changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

Expenditures on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Development expenditures are capitalized only if development costs can be measured reliably, the product or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Company intends to and has sufficient resources to complete development and to use or sell the asset. Other development expenditures are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific asset to which they relate. All other expenditures, including expenditures on internally generated goodwill and brands, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

**Government grants** 

Government grants are not recognized unless there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the grant's conditions and that the grant will be received.

(a) Grants related to assets

Government grants whose primary condition is that the Company purchase, construct or otherwise acquire long-term assets are deducted from the carrying amount of the assets and recognized in profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis over the life of the depreciable assets.

(b) Grants related to income

Government grants which are intended to compensate the Company for expenses incurred are deducted from the related expenses.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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**Leases** 

A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for considerations.

1) As a lessee

At inception or reassessment of a contract that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of their relative stand-alone prices.

The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset of to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated on a straight-line basis from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Company by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Company will exercise a purchase option. In that case the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as that of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the followings:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• fixed payments

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the exercise price under a purchase option that the Company's is reasonably certain to exercise, lease
payments in an optional renewal period if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Company is reasonably certain not to terminate early.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit of loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero. The lease liability is remeasured when there is:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a revised in-substance fixed lease payment,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a change in the Company's estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a change in the Company's assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option

The Company presents right-of-use assets in the same line item as is presents underlying assets of the same nature that it owns, and lease liabilities are included in other payables on the separate statement of financial position.

The Company has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases, including IT equipment. The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

2) As a lessor

At inception or the effective date of a modification that contains a lease component, the Company allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of their relative stand-alone prices.

When the Company acts as a lessor, it determines at lease inception whether each lease is a finance lease or an operating lease. The classify each lease, the Company makes an overall assessment of whether the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset. If this is the case, then the lease is a finance lease; if not, then it is an operating lease. As part of this assessment, the Company considers certain indicators such as whether the lease is for the major part of the economic life of the asset.

The Company leases out its investment properties. The Company classified these leases as operating leases.

**Impairment for financial assets** 

The Company recognizes loss allowances for expected credit losses on:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• financial assets measured at amortized cost

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• lease receivables, contractual assets, loan commitments, and financial guarantee contracts

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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If credit risk has increased significantly since the initial recognition, a loss allowance for lifetime expected credit loss is required to be measured at the end of every reporting period. If credit risk has not increased significantly since the initial recognition, a loss allowance is measured based on 12-month expected credit loss.

If the financial instrument has low credit risk at the end of the reporting period, the Company may assume that the credit risk has not increased significantly since initial recognition. However, a loss allowance for lifetime expected credit losses is required for contract assets or trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component.

(a) Judgments on credit risk

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating expected credit losses, the Company considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effect. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Company's historical experience and informed credit assessment and including forward-looking information.

The Company assumes that the credit risk on a financial asset has increased significantly if it is more than 30 days past due. The Company considers a financial asset to be in default when the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Company in full, without recourse by the Company to actions such as realizing security (if any is held). The Company considers a debt security to have low credit risk when its credit risk rating is equivalent to investment grade defined by reliable credit rating agencies.

(b) Measurement of expected credit losses

Lifetime expected credit losses are the expected credit losses that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument. 12-month expected credit losses are the portion of lifetime expected credit losses that result from default that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date. The maximum period considered when estimating expected credit losses is the maximum contractual period over which the Company is exposed to credit risk.

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured as the present value of all cash shortfalls such as the difference between the cash flows due to the entity in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Company expects to receive.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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Expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost are recognized in profit or loss. Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from carrying amount of the assets. For debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, the loss allowance is charged to profit or loss and is recognized in other comprehensive income.

(c) Credit-impaired financial assets

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether financial assets measured at amortized cost and debt instrument measured at fair value through other comprehensive income are credit-impaired. A financial asset is 'credit-impaired' when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets are impaired includes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• significant financial difficulty of the issuer or borrower

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the lender, for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower's financial difficulty, granting to the
borrower a concession that the lender would not otherwise consider

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties

(d) Write-off

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off when the Company has no reasonable expectations of recovering a financial asset in entirety or a portion. The Company individually makes an assessment with respect to the timing and amount of write-off based on whether there is a reasonable expectation of recovery based on continuous payments and extinct prescriptions. The Company expects no significant recovery from the amount written off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Company's procedures for recovery of amounts due.

**Impairment for non-financial assets** 

The carrying amounts of the Company's non-financial assets, other than assets arising from contract assets, contract assets recognized in accordance with revenue from contracts with customers, employee benefits, inventories, deferred tax assets and non-current assets held for sale, are reviewed at the end of each reporting period to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, the asset's recoverable amount is estimated. Intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, are tested for impairment annually by comparing their recoverable amount to their carrying amount.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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Management estimates the recoverable amount of individual assets. If it is not feasible to measure the recoverable amount of an individual asset, management then estimates the recoverable amount of a cash-generating unit ("CGU"). A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. To estimate the value in use, the Company applies a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU in question, without adjusting the estimated future cash flows. The estimated future cash flows are based on the expected cashflows to be generated by the asset or CGU.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or a CGU exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss.

Any impairment identified at the CGU level is used to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

**Derivative financial instruments** 

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives that is not designated as a hedging instrument are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss.

**Non-derivative financial liabilities** 

The Company classifies non-derivative financial liabilities into financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss or financial liabilities measured at amortized cost in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of financial liabilities. The Company recognizes financial liabilities in the separate statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial liability.

(a) Financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss

A financial liability is classified as at fair value through profit or loss if it is classified as held-for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss. Upon initial recognition, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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(b) Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

Non-derivative financial liabilities other than financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss are classified as financial liabilities measured at amortized cost. At the date of initial recognition, financial liabilities measured at amortized cost are measured at fair value after deducting transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition. Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method subsequently to initial recognition.

(c) Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire. The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value. On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid (including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognized in profit or loss.

**Employee benefits** 

(a) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits are employee benefits that are due to be settled within 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service. When an employee has rendered service to the Company during an accounting period, the Company recognizes the undiscounted amount of short-term employee benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service as profit or loss. If the Company has a legal or constructive obligation which can be reliably measured, the Company recognizes the amount of expected payment for profit-sharing and bonuses payable as liabilities.

(b) Other long-term employee benefits

Other long-term employee benefits include employee benefits that are settled beyond 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service, and are calculated at the present value of the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods, less the fair value of any related assets. The present value is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows using the interest rate of corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company's obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. Any actuarial gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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(c) Retirement benefits: Defined contribution plans

For defined contribution plans, when an employee has rendered service to the Company during a period, the Company recognizes the contribution payable to a defined contribution plan in exchange for that service as an accrued expense, after deducting any contributions already paid. If the contributions already paid exceed the contribution due for service before the end of the reporting period, the Company recognizes that excess as an asset (prepaid expense) to the extent that the prepayment will lead to a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.

(d) Retirement benefits: Defined benefit plans

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. The Company's net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The fair value of plan assets is deducted. The calculation is performed annually by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method.

The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company's obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. The Company recognizes all actuarial gains and losses arising from actuarial assumption changes and experiential adjustments in other comprehensive income when incurred.

When the fair value of plan assets exceeds the present value of the defined benefit obligation, the Company recognizes an asset, to the extent of the total of cumulative unrecognized past service cost and present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plan or reduction in the future contributions to the plan.

Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities, which comprise actuarial gains and losses, the return on plan assets (excluding interest) and the effect of the asset ceiling (if any, excluding interest), are recognized immediately in other comprehensive income. The Company determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments, net interest expense and other expenses related to defined benefit plans are recognized in profit or loss.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss in curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The Company recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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**Provisions** 

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround many events and circumstances are taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined at the present value of the expected future cash flows.

Where some or all of the expenditures required to settle a provision are expected to be reimbursed by another party, the reimbursement shall be recognized when, and only when, it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the entity settles the obligation. The reimbursement shall be treated as a separate asset.

Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.

A provision for warranties is recognized when the underlying products or services are sold, based on historical warranty data and a weighting of possible outcomes against their associated probabilities.

Provision for restoration related to contaminated area is recognized when the area meets the Company's policy and legal standards of contamination.

A provision is used only for expenditures for which the provision was originally recognized.

**Emission Rights** 

The Company accounts for greenhouse gases emission right and the relevant liability as follows pursuant to *the Act on Allocation and Trading of Greenhouse Gas Emission* which became effective in Korea in 2015.

(a) Greenhouse Gases Emission Right

Greenhouse Gases Emission Right consists of emission allowances which are allocated from the government free of charge and those purchased from the market. The cost includes any directly attributable costs incurred during the normal course of business.

Emission rights held for the purpose of performing the obligation are classified as intangible asset. They are initially measured at cost and subsequently carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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The Company derecognizes an emission right asset when the emission allowance become unusable, is disposed of or submitted to government and where future economic benefits are no longer expected to be probable.

(b) Emission liability

Emission liability is a present obligation to submit emission rights to the government for the emission of greenhouse gas. It is recognized when there is a high possibility of outflows of resources in performing the obligation and the associated costs can be estimated reliably. The emission liability represents the estimated obligation for submission of emission rights to the government during the performance period. It is measured based on the expected quantity of emission during the performance period in excess of the available emission allowance, and the market unit price of such emission rights as of the end of the reporting period. The emission liability is derecognized when the emissions rights are submitted to the government.

**Equity instruments** 

(a) Share capital

Common stock is classified as equity and the incremental costs arising directly attributable to the issuance of common stock less their tax effects are deducted from equity.

If the Company reacquires its own equity instruments, the amount of those instruments ("treasury shares") are presented as a contra equity account. No gain or loss is recognized in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issuance or cancellation of its own equity instruments. When treasury shares are sold or reissued subsequently, the amount received is recognized as an increase to equity, and the resulting surplus or deficit on the transaction is recorded in capital surplus.

(b) Hybrid bonds

Debt and equity instruments issued by the Company are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangements and the definitions of financial liability and an equity instrument. When the Company has an unconditional right to avoid delivering cash or another financial asset to settle a contractual obligation, the instruments are classified as equity instruments.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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**Revenue from contracts with customers** 

As the Company vertically spun off its steel business at the spin-off date on March 1, 2022, the Company's main business has changed from manufacturing and sales of steel, rolled products, and plates to investment business that controls and manages through ownership of shares of subsidiaries etc., and rental business for real estate, etc.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration promised in the contract with the customer. The Company recognizes revenue when the control over a good or service is transferred to the customer. The following are the revenue recognition policies for performance obligations in the contracts with customers in accordance with K-IFRS No. 1115.

(a) Accounting policies applied from March 1, 2022

1) Dividend income

Dividend income from subsidiaries and others is recognized as revenue when the Company's right to receive the dividend is established.

2) Rental income

Rental income from the Company's real estate is recognized as revenue over the service offering period.

3) Trademark usage income

Trademark usage income is recognized in accordance with the related arrangements over the term of use of trademark.

(b) Accounting policies applied before March 1, 2022

1) Steel products

For domestic sales, the control of the product is usually transferred to the customer when the product is delivered to the customer, at which point in time revenue is recognized. Invoices are generally due within 10 to 90 days. When a customer makes payment prior to the due date, they are offered a discount at certain percentage of the invoice amount. Only when the price discount period has passed, only the amount of the cumulative revenue that has already been recognized, income recognized including income.

For export sales, revenue is recognized at the time when control of the product is transferred to the customer based on the "International Incoterms for Interpretation of Trade Terms" in the respective contracts. The Company's export contracts typically stipulate transfer of control to the customer at the shipment of the products. Invoices are usually issued on the date of bill of lading and revenues are recognized based on the terms of Letter of Credit (L / C), Acceptance Condition (D / A), Payment Condition (D / P), Telegraphic Transfer (T / T) and others.

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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2) Transportation services

Revenue for the transportation services performance included in the Company's product sales contracts, is recognized over the period when the services are provided. Revenue is measured by reference to the degree to which the service has been completed so far. The billing date and payment terms for the service charge are the same as those for the sale of steel products.

**Finance income and finance costs** 

The Company's finance income and finance costs include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• interest income;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• interest expense;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• dividend income;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the foreign currency gain or loss on financial assets and financial liabilities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the net gain or loss on financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the net gain or loss on the disposal of investments in debt securities measured at fair value through other
comprehensive income.

Interest income or expense is recognized using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss on the date on which the Company's right to receive payment is established. The 'effective interest rate' is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the amortized cost of the financial liability.

In calculating interest income and expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortized cost of the liability. However, for financial assets that have become credit-impaired subsequent to initial recognition, interest income is calculated by applying the effective interest rate to the amortized cost of the financial asset. If the asset is no longer credit-impaired, then the calculation of interest income reverts to the gross basis.

**Income tax** 

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to corporate tax as if it is applicable to the income taxes, the Company applies K-IFRS 1012 "Income Taxes", if it is not applicable to the income taxes, the Company applies K-IFRS 1037 "Provisions Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets".

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**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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(a) Current tax

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable profit or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. The taxable profit is different from the accounting profit for the period since the taxable profit is calculated excluding the temporary differences, which will be taxable or deductible in determining taxable profit of future periods, and non-taxable or non-deductible items from the accounting profit.

The Company offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities if, and only if, the Company:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

(b) Deferred tax

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. The Company recognizes a deferred tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures, except to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The Company recognizes a deferred tax asset for deductible temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, to the extent that it is probable that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized. However, deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill, or the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting profit or loss nor taxable income.

A deferred tax asset is recognized for the carryforward of unused tax losses tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences can be utilized. The future taxable profit depends on reversing taxable temporary differences. When there are insufficient taxable temporary differences, the probability of future taxable profit (including the reversal of temporary differences) should be considered.

The carrying amount of a deferred tax asset is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and is reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow the benefit of part or all of that deferred tax asset to be utilized.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to offset the related current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority and they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis.

**Earnings per share** 

Management calculates basic earnings per share ("EPS") data for the Company's common shares, which is presented at the end of the statement of comprehensive income. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing profit attributable to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for own shares held. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting basic EPS and weighted average number of common shares, concerning the effect of all dilutive potential common shares.

**Share-based payments** 

For share based payment transactions in which shares or stock options are granted to employees in exchange for goods or services received, if the fair value of the goods or services received cannot be measured reliably, The fair value of goods or services received is indirectly measured based on the fair value of equity instruments, and the amount is recognized as employee benefits (current expense) and equity during the vesting period. If the vesting condition of a stock option is other than service condition or market condition, the recognized employee benefits are adjusted to be determined based on the actual quantity of the stock option to be totally vested.

**New standards and interpretations not yet adopted** 

A number of new standards are effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2022 and earlier application is permitted but the Company has not early adopted the new or amended standards in preparing these financial statements.

(a) K-IFRS No. 1012 "Income Tax" – Deferred Tax related
to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction

The amendment clarifies the coverage of initial recognition exemptions accounting for deferred tax related to both assets and liabilities arising from a single transaction. A transaction that is not a business combination may lead to the initial recognition of deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability, and at the time of the transaction, affect neither accounting profit nor tax profit. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Early application is permitted. The Company does not expect the effect of the amendments to the financial statements to be significant.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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(b) K-IFRS No. 1001 "Presentation of Financial Statements" -
Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current

The amendment clarifies that the classification of current and non-current liabilities is determined by the right to defer settlement of the liability for more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period, and in order for the debtor to have the "right to defer settlement of the liability", the condition of complying with the contract must be met at the end of the reporting period. In addition, the classification of liabilities is not affected by the possibility of exercising the right to defer settlement of the liability for more than 12 months after the end of the reporting period, and the amendment clarifies that settlement of a liability includes transferring a company's own equity instruments to the counterparty. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. However, the International Accounting Standards Board has published an amendment that postpones the effective date of this amendment to fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2024, and the Korea Accounting Standards Board is also planning to revise the K-IFRS to reflect this. The Company expects that an exchangeable bond (W1,358,294 million as of December 31, 2022) will be reclassified from non-current liabilities to current liabilities upon the adoption of the amendments.

(c) K-IFRS No. 1001 "Presentation of Financial Statements" -
Disclosure of Accounting Policies

Material accounting policy information considering with other information included in financial statements is expected to influence the decisions of primary users of financial statements, and is required to be disclosed. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Early application is permitted. The Company is analyzing the effect of the amendments to the financial statements.

(d) K-IFRS No. 1008 "Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting
Estimates and Errors" – Definition of Accounting Estimates

For accounting estimates defined as monetary amounts in the financial statements, a change in measurement methods or inputs are clarified as changes in accounting estimates unless they result from the correction of prior period errors. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Early application is permitted. The Company does not expect the effect of the amendments to the financial statements to be significant.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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(e) K-IFRS No. 1001 "Presentation of Financial Statements" -
Disclosure of gains and losses on valuation of financial liabilities with exercise price adjustment conditions

When all or part of a financial instrument subject to the condition in which the exercise price is adjusted according to changes of the issuer's stock price, is classified as a financial liability, the carrying amount of the financial liability and related gains and losses are required to be disclosed. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Early application is permitted. The Company does not expect the effect of the amendments to the financial statements to be significant.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**4. Financial Risk Management** 

The Company has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Credit risk

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Liquidity risk

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Market risk

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Capital risk

This note presents information about the Company's exposure to each of the above risks, the Company's objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk, and the Company's management of capital. Further quantitative disclosures are included throughout these separate financial statements.

(a) Financial risk management

1) Risk management framework

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company's risk management framework. The Company's risk management policies are established to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company's activities.

The Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to develop a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

2) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Company's receivables from customers and investment securities. In addition, credit risk arises from finance guarantees.

The Company implements a credit risk management policy under which the Company only transacts business with counterparties that have a certain level of credit rate evaluated based on financial condition, historical experience, and other factors. The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The default risk of a nation or an industry in which a customer operates its business does not have a significant influence on credit risk. The Company has established a credit policy under which each new customer is analyzed individually for creditworthiness.

The Company establishes an allowance for impairment that represents its estimate of expected losses in respect of trade and other receivables. The main components of this allowance are a specific loss component that relates to individually significant exposures, and a collective loss component established for companies of similar assets in respect of losses that have been incurred.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

Credit risk also arises from transactions with financial institutions, and such transactions include transactions of cash and cash equivalents, various deposits, and financial instruments such as derivative contracts. The Company manages its exposure to this credit risk by only entering into transactions with banks that have high international credit ratings. The Company's treasury department authorizes, manages, and overseas new transactions with financial institutions with whom the Company has no previous relationship.

Furthermore, the Company limits its exposure to credit risk of financial guarantee contracts by strictly evaluating their necessity based on internal decision making processes, such as the approval of the Board of Directors.

3) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company's reputation.

The Company's cash flow from business, borrowing or financing is sufficient to meet the cash requirements for the Company's strategic investments. Management believes that the Company is capable of raising funds by borrowing or financing if the Company is not able to generate cash flow requirements from its operations. The Company has committed borrowing facilities with various banks.

4) Market risk

Market risk means that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. The goal of market risk management is optimization of profit and controlling the exposure to market risk within acceptable limits.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;① Interest rate benchmark reform risk

A fundamental reform of major interest rate benchmark is being undertaken globally, including the replacement of some interbank offered rates (IBORs) with alternative nearly risk-free rates (referred to as "IBOR reform"). The publication of overnight and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months USD LIBOR will cease on June 30, 2023 and all other LIBOR publication has ceased on December 31, 2021.

As of the year ended December 31, 2022, no financial instrument is exposed to interest rate benchmark reform.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;② Currency risk

The Company is exposed to currency risk on sales, purchases and borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company, Korean Won. The Company's policy in respect of foreign currency risks is a natural hedge whereby foreign currency income is offset with foreign currency expenditures. The remaining net exposures after the natural hedge have been hedged using derivative contracts such as forward exchange contracts. In addition, the Company's derivative transactions are limited to hedging actual foreign currency transactions and speculative hedging is not permitted. The Company reduces the foreign currency exposure by repayment of foreign currency borrowings subjected to investment in overseas when its maturities come.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③ Interest rate risk

The Company manages the exposure to interest rate risk by adjusting of borrowing structure ratio between borrowings at fixed interest rate and variable interest rate. The Company monitors interest rate risks regularly in order to avoid exposure to interest rate risk on borrowings at variable interest rate.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;④ Other market price risk

Equity price risk arises from fluctuation of market price of listed equity securities. Management of the Company measures regularly the fair value of listed equity securities and the risk of variance in future cash flow caused by market price fluctuations. Significant investments are managed separately and all buy and sell decisions are approved by management of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Management of capital

The fundamental goal of capital management is the maximization of shareholders' value by means of the stable dividend policy and the retirement of treasury shares. The capital structure of the Company consists of equity and net borrowings (after deducting cash and cash equivalents) and current financial instruments from borrowings. The Company applied the same capital risk management strategy that was applied in the previous period.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

Net borrowing-to-equity ratio as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Total borrowings | W | 1359587 | 8202132 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Less: Cash and cash equivalents |  | 1415201 | 2042274 |
|  Net borrowings |  | (55614) | 6159858 |
|  Total equity | W | 47171863 | 49035425 |
|  Net borrowings-to-equity ratio(\*1) |  | 0% | 12.56% |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | As of December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents exceeded the borrowing amount, so the net borrowings-to-equity ratio is disclosed as 0%.  |

---

**5. Cash and Cash Equivalents** 

Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Demand deposits and checking accounts(\*1) | W | 56664 |  | 372915 |
|  Time deposits |  | 1070000 |  | 713015 |
|  Other cash equivalents |  | 288537 |  | 956344 |
|  | W1,415,201 | W1,415,201 | 2,042,274 | 2,042,274 |

---

(\*1) As of December 31, 2022, W990 million of cash and cash equivalents is restricted for use in relation to government assigned project.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**6. Trade Accounts and Notes Receivable** 

Trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Current** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trade accounts and notes receivable | W | 128991 | 6031878 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | (14370) |
|  | W | 128991 | 6017508 |
|  **Non-current** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trade accounts and notes receivable | W |  | 7901 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Less: Present value discount |  |  | (1555) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | (671) |
|  | W |  | 5675 |

---

The Company sold trade accounts and notes receivable with recourse to financial institutions. These trade accounts and notes receivable have not been derecognized from the statement of financial position because the Company retains substantially all of the risks and rewards associated with the transferred assets. The amounts received on transfer have been recognized as secured borrowings. The carrying amounts of such secured borrowings are none as of December 31, 2022 and W214,465 million as of December 31, 2021, which are presented in the statements of financial position as short-term borrowings.

**7. Other Receivables** 

Other receivables as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Current** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other accounts receivable | W | 38676 | 506040 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 1612 | 41361 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | (2060) |
|  | W | 40288 | 545341 |
|  **Non-current** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loans | W | 205379 | 244895 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Long-term other accounts receivable |  | 3668 | 34260 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 10 | 4185 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | (9087) |
|  | W | 209057 | 274253 |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**8. Other Financial Assets** 

(a) Other financial assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Current** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Debt securities | W |  | 154750 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deposit instruments |  |  | 1436915 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Short-term financial instruments |  | 2515375 | 8013857 |
|  | W | 2515375 | 9605522 |
|  **Non-current** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Long-term derivative assets | W |  | 170471 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equity securities |  | 885942 | 1084574 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other securities |  | 176588 | 71492 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deposit instruments |  |  | 28 |
|  | W | 1062530 | 1326565 |

---

(b) Equity securities and available-for-sale securities (equity instruments) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  | **Number**<br>**of**<br>**shares** | **Ownership<br>(%)** | **Acquisition**<br>**cost** | **Acquisition**<br>**cost** | **Fair**<br>**value** | **Net changes in**<br>**fair value of**<br>**equity securities** | **Book**<br>**value** | **Book**<br>**value** |
|  **Marketable equity securities** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nippon Steel Corporation | 15698500 | 1.65 | W | 473962 | 342963 | (130999) | 342963 | 303814 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; KB Financial group Inc. | 3863520 | 0.94 |  | 178839 | 187381 | 8542 | 187381 | 212493 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Woori Financial Group Inc. | 20280000 | 2.79 |  | 244447 | 234234 | (10213) | 234234 | 257556 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CSN Mineracao S.A. | 102186675 | 1.86 |  | 206265 | 99945 | (106320) | 99945 | 146550 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SAMWONSTEEL Co., Ltd. (\*1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18041 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DONGKUK INDUSTRIES COMPANY (\*1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9260 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others (\*1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51717 |
|  |  |  |  | 1103513 | 864523 | (238990) | 864523 | 999431 |
|  **Non-marketable equity securities** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO PLANTEC Co., Ltd. | 18337912 | 10.99 |  | 19437 | 19437 |  | 19437 | 19437 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Korea Nickel CO.LTD (\*2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10194 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Poongsan Special Metal Corp. (\*1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7657 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HANKUM.CO.LTD (\*1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4599 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Core-Industry Co., Ltd. (\*1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4214 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others(4 companies) (\*1) |  |  |  | 8356 | 1982 | (6374) | 1982 | 39042 |
|  |  |  |  | 27793 | 21419 | (6374) | 21419 | 85143 |
|  |  |  | W | 1131306 | 885942 | (245364) | 885942 | 1084574 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company disposed of the equity securities of 11 listed equity securities including SAMWONSTEEL Co., Ltd., DONGKUK INDUSTRIES COMPANY, Kyeong Nam Steel Co., LTD., and 22 unlisted equity securities such as Poongsan Special Metal Corp., HANKUM.CO.LTD, Core-Industry Co., Ltd. to the subsidiary POSCO.  |

---

(\*2) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company disposed of Korea Nickel CO.LTD.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**9. Inventories** 

(a) Inventories as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Finished goods | W – | 1164685 |
|  Semi-finished goods | – | 2227433 |
|  By-products | – | 19317 |
|  Raw materials | – | 1682946 |
|  Fuel and materials | – | 459784 |
|  Materials-in-transit | – | 2073218 |
|  Others | – | 673 |
|  | – | 7628056 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Less: Allowance for inventories valuation | – | (4854) |
|  | W – | 7623202 |

---

During the year ended December 31, 2022, inventories were transferred to the newly established company (POSCO) upon a vertical spin-off.

(b) The changes of allowance for inventories valuation for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as
follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Beginning | W | 4854 | 4735 |
|  Loss on Valuation of inventories |  | 1722 | 4854 |
|  Utilization on sale of inventories, and spin-off |  | (6576) | (4735) |
|  Ending | W |  | 4854 |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**10. Assets Held for Sale** 

Assets held for sale as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022(\*2)** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  **Aessets** |  |  |  |
|  Property, plant and equipment(\*1) | W |  | 29236 |
|  Intangible assets |  |  | 553 |
|  Investment in joint ventures(\*3) |  |  |  |
|  | W |  | 29789 |
|  **Liabilities** |  |  |  |
|  Others | W |  | 185 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company decided to dispose Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) facility for which use was discontinued, and classified as asset held for sale. Meanwhile, the facility was transferred to the newly established company (POSCO) through spin-off during the year ended December 31, 2022.  |

---

(\*2) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company decided to dispose Korea Nickel CO.LTD, and classified as assets held for sale for W13,910 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, these equity securities have all been disposed.

(\*3) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company decided to dispose of interests of CSP-Compania Siderurgica do Pecem which was previously classified investment in joint ventures and fully impaired. It was classified as held-for-sale assets as of December 31, 2022.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**11. Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint ventures** 

(a) Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as
follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Investment in subsidiaries | W | 42483262 |  | 13097043 |
|  Investment in associates |  | 716213 |  | 859032 |
|  Investment in joint ventures |  | 1988152 |  | 2046565 |
|  | W | 45187627 |  | 16002640 |

---

There are no significant restrictions on the ability of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures to transfer funds to the controlling company, such as in the forms of cash dividends and repayment of loans or payment of advances.

(b) Details of subsidiaries and carrying amounts as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  | **Country** | **Principal operations** | **Number of<br>shares** | **Ownership<br>(%)** | **Net asset<br>value** | **Net asset<br>value** | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Book<br>value** | **Book<br>value** |
|  **[Domestic]** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO(\*1) | Korea | Steel, rolled products, and plates manufacturing and sales | 96480625 | 100.00 | W | 32496625 | 29699590 | 29699590 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation(\*2) | Korea | Trading and natural resources exploration | 77616018 | 62.91 |  | 3349400 | 3610502 | 3081933 | 3156434 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO.,LTD. | Korea | Engineering and construction | 22073568 | 52.80 |  | 3251704 | 1014314 | 1014314 | 1014314 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. | Korea | Power generation, fuel cell manufacturing and sales | 40234508 | 89.02 |  | 1659886 | 658176 | 658176 | 658176 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO STEELEON (formerly, POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.)(\*3,6) | Korea | Coated Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | 108421 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Venture Capital Co.,Ltd | Korea | Investment in venture companies | 19700000 | 95.00 |  | 189040 | 103780 | 103780 | 103780 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO CHEMICAL CO., LTD | Korea | Refractory and anode/cathode material manufacturing and sales | 46261601 | 59.72 |  | 2427124 | 985020 | 895707 | 895707 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO O&M Co., Ltd(\*4) | Korea | Business facility maintenance | 902946 | 47.17 |  | 262846 | 73374 | 73374 | 73374 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ICT | Korea | Computer hardware and software distribution | 99403282 | 65.38 |  | 407071 | 70990 | 70990 | 70990 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO M-TECH(\*3) | Korea | Packing materials and manufacturing and sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | 107278 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Busan E&E Co., Ltd. | Korea | Municipal solid waste fuel and power generation | 6029660 | 70.00 |  | 56803 | 30148 | 30148 | 30148 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO-Pilbara LITHIUM SOLUTION (formerly, POSCO Lithium Solution Co., Ltd.)(\*7) | Korea | Lithium manufacturing and sales | 62946316 | 82.00 |  | 373920 | 314940 | 314940 | 150000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others (13 companies) (\*3,8,9,10,11,12) |  |  |  |  |  | 933829 | 828991 | 743443 | 384735 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 45408248 | 37389825 | 36686395 | 6753357 |
|  **[Foreign]** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PT. KRAKATAU POSCO | Indonesia | Steel manufacturing and sales | 739900 | 50.00 |  | 651879 | 813431 | 633421 | 633421 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO WA PTY LTD | Australia | Iron ore sales and mine development | 631160435 | 100.00 |  | 549451 | 646574 | 646574 | 646574 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited | India | Steel manufacturing and sales | 361789957 | 100.00 |  | 464546 | 722569 | 722569 | 722569 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Canada Ltd. | Canada | Coal sales | 1099885 | 100.00 |  | 890122 | 560879 | 560879 | 560879 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO AUSTRALIA PTY LTD | Australia | Iron ore sales and mine development | 761775 | 100.00 |  | 998181 | 330623 | 330623 | 330623 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO (Zhangjiagang) Stainless Steel Co.,Ltd. | China | Stainless steel manufacturing and sales | 2285407454 | 58.60 |  | 646503 | 283845 | 283845 | 283845 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited(\*9) | Thailand | Cold rolled STS manufacturing and sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | 178785 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO-China Holding Corp. | China | Holding company |  | 100.00 |  | 494436 | 593841 | 593841 | 593841 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO-India Private Limited(\*9) | India | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75567 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. | Mexico | Plate steel manufacturing and sales | 2686745772 | 83.28 |  | 229934 | 180072 | 180072 | 180072 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO America Corporation | USA | Researching and consulting | 437941 | 99.45 |  | 127206 | 192156 | 192156 | 192156 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd.(\*9) | Vietnam | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | 160572 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO VST CO., LTD. | Vietnam | Stainless steel manufacturing and sales |  | 95.65 |  | 89830 | 144573 | 144573 | 144573 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD.(\*9) | Thailand | Plate steel manufacturing and sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | 121592 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. | Hong<br>Kong | Activities Auxiliary to financial service | 9360000 | 100.00 |  | 253389 | 117710 | 117710 | 117710 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY | Turkiye | Steel manufacturing and sales | 144579160 | 60.00 |  | 84777 | 92800 | 71707 | 71707 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd. | Japan | Steel marketing, demand development, and technology research | 90438 | 100.00 |  | 196688 | 68436 | 68436 | 68436 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. | China | Stainless steel manufacturing and sales |  | 70.00 |  | 118872 | 65982 | 65982 | 65982 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO(Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. | China | Steel manufacturing and sales |  | 90.00 |  | 167592 | 62494 | 62494 | 62494 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO AFRICA (PROPRIETARY) LIMITED | South<br>Africa | Mine development | 1390 | 100.00 |  | 29740 | 50297 | 50297 | 50297 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO-Malaysia SDN. BHD.(\*9) | Malaysia | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | 45479 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Argentina S.A.U.(\*5) | Argentina | Mineral exploration, manufacturing and sale | 4717335 | 100.00 |  | 750625 | 715414 | 715414 | 376906 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO YAMATO VINA STEEL JOINT STOCK COMPANY(\*9) | Vietnam | Steel manufacturing and sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | 130526 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others (20 companies)(\*9) |  |  |  |  |  | 938551 | 369453 | 356274 | 529080 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 7682322 | 6011149 | 5796867 | 6343686 |
|  |  |  |  |  | W | 53090570 | 43400974 | 42483262 | 13097043 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company acquired the shares of the newly established company (POSCO) by a vertical spin-off of its steel business. The acquisition cost of the investments in subsidiary was calculated by deducting the book value of liabilities and hybrid bonds from the assets succeeded to the newly established company (POSCO) by a vertical spin-off. Acquisition cost excluding the effect of (\*9) below is W29,441,678 million.  |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*2) | As of December 31, 2022, the Company performed the impairment test on investment in POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation due to evidences of impairment such as continuous decline in fair value. The recoverable amount was determined based on its value in use, which is estimated from the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at 8.97%. As a result of the impairment test, the Company has recognized W74,500 million of impairment loss.  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*3) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the shares of POSCO STEELEON Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.), POSCO M-TECH, POSCO Humans and POSCO NIPPON STEEL RHF JOINT VENTURE.CO., Ltd. were transferred to the newly established company(POSCO) by a vertical spin-off.  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*4) | The Company classified POSCO O&M Co., Ltd. as the investments in a subsidiary, considering additional facts and circumstances, such as the relative size of the voting rights held by the Company and the degree of diversification of other voting rights holders, although the Company holds less than half of the voting rights of POSCO O&M Co., Ltd..  |

---

(\*5) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company acquired W338,508 million in additional subsidiary investment shares by participating in POSCO Argentina S.A.U's capital increase to invest in an Argentine brine lithium commercialization plant.

(\*6) During the year ended December 31, 2022, POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd. changed the name to POSCO STEELEON Co., Ltd..

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*7) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, POSCO Lithium Solution Co., Ltd. changed the name to POSCO-Pilbara LITHIUM SOLUTION. Meanwhile, the Company acquired W164,732 million in additional subsidiary investment shares by participating in POSCO-Pilbara LITHIUM SOLUTION's paid-in capital increase during the year ended December 31, 2022.  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*8) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company acquired 100% shares of POSCO Silicon Solution Co., Ltd (formerly, TERA TECHNOS CO., Ltd.) for W52,864 million and classified as investments in subsidiaries.  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*9) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company dispose of 15 domestic and foreign subsidiaries, including POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited, POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd., POSCO COATED STEEL (THAILAND) CO., LTD., POSCO-Malaysia SDN. BHD. and POSCO YAMATO VINA STEEL JOINT STOCK COMPANY to POSCO, a subsidiary, and dispose of POSCO EUROPE STEEL DISTRIBUTION CENTER to POSCO FLOW Co., Ltd., a subsidiary. The Company views this transaction as a transfer of assets under common control and accounts for it by applying the exchange value method. Meanwhile, the Company recognized W276,881 million of gain on disposal from the transaction as dividend income, and W257,912 million of loss on disposal were added to the acquisition cost of the POSCO.  |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*10) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company acquired 100% equity interest in POSCO LITHIUM SOLUTION for W287,550 million and classified it as investments in subsidiaries.  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*11) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company established POSCO GS Eco Materials Co., Ltd. through investment in kind 65% interests POSCO-HY Clean Metal Co., Ltd. and recognized W78,000 million as investment in subsidiaries for its 100% shares.  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*12) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company decided to liquidate PT.POSCO INDONESIA INTI and recognized an impairment loss for the difference between the recoverable amount and the remaining carrying amount of W12,773 million.  |

---

(c) Details of associates and carrying amounts as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | |  | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  | **Country** | **Principal operations** | **Number of<br>shares** | **Ownership<br>(%)** | **Net asset<br>value** | **Net asset<br>value** | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Book<br>value** | **Book<br>value** |
|  **[Domestic]** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EQP POSCO Global NO1 Natural Resources Private Equity Fund(\*4) | Korea | Foreign investments in mining | 17116 | 25.80 | W | 8991 |  |  | 169316 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SNNC | Korea | STS material manufacturing and sales | 18130000 | 49.00 |  | 392639 | 100655 | 100655 | 100655 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; QSONE Co.,Ltd. | Korea | Real estate rental and facility management | 200000 | 50.00 |  | 172756 | 85550 | 85550 | 85550 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others (5 companies)(\*3) |  |  |  |  |  | 53611 | 38743 | 37916 | 21331 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 627997 | 224948 | 224121 | 376852 |
|  **[Foreign]** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nickel Mining Company SAS | New<br>Caledonia | Raw material manufacturing and sales | 3234698 | 49.00 |  | 260027 | 189197 | 189197 | 189197 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9404-5515 Quebec Inc.(\*1) | Canada | Investments in venture companies | 145666182 | 13.24 |  | 1397061 | 156194 | 156194 | 124341 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Zhongyue POSCO (Qinhuangdao) Tinplate Industrial Co., Ltd(\*2) | China | Tinplate manufacturing and sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11003 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FQM Australia Holdings Pty Ltd | Australia | Non ferrous metal mining | 186000030 | 30.00 |  | 326690 | 109568 | 109568 | 109568 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others (4 companies)(\*3) |  |  |  |  |  | 322913 | 37133 | 37133 | 48071 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2306691 | 492092 | 492092 | 482180 |
|  |  |  |  |  | W | 2934688 | 717040 | 716213 | 859032 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | As of December 31, 2022, it was classified as an associate even though the Company's ownership is less than 20% since the Company has significant influence over the investee when considering the structure of its Board of Directors and others. Meanwhile, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the number of shares held increased by 31,214,182 due to the commodity dividend from EQP POSCO Global NO1 Natural Resources Private Equity Fund.  |

---

(\*2) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company disposed of investments in associates of Zhongyue POSCO (Qinhuangdao)Tinplate Industrial Co., Ltd, and recognized W510 million of gain on disposal.

(\*3) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold 6 associates, including LLP POSUK TITANIUM, to POSCO, a subsidiary, recognizing W5,048 million of gain on disposal and W1,095 million of loss on disposal.

(\*4) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the ratio of shareholding and book value of EQP POSCO Global NO.1 Natural Resources Private Equity Fund decreased due to capital reduction with refund and dividends.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(d) Details of joint ventures and carrying amounts as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | | | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  | **Country** | **Principal<br>operations** | **Number of<br>shares** | **Ownership<br>(%)** | **Net asset**<br>**value** | **Net asset**<br>**value** | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Book value** | **Book value** |
| Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd(\*1) | Australia | Natural<br>resources<br>exploration | 10494377 | 10.00 | W | 7707460 | 1225464 | 1225464 | 1225464 |
| CSP—Compania Siderurgica do Pecem(\*2) | Brazil | Steel<br>manufacturing<br>and sales | 1578377432 | 20.00 |  | 743796 | 676060 |  | 175990 |
| POSCO-NPS Niobium LLC | USA | Foreign<br>investments in<br>mining |  | 50.00 |  | 823800 | 364609 | 364609 | 364609 |
| KOBRASCO | Brazil | Steel<br>materials<br>manufacturing<br>and sales | 2010719185 | 50.00 |  | 205482 | 98962 | 98962 | 98962 |
| HBIS-POSCO Automotive Steel Co., Ltd | China | Steel<br>manufacturing<br>and sales |  | 50.00 |  | 441965 | 235251 | 235251 | 109057 |
|  Others(1 companies)(\*3) |  |  |  |  |  | 418010 | 63866 | 63866 | 72483 |
|  |  |  |  |  | W | 10340513 | 2664212 | 1988152 | 2046565 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the investments in joint ventures amounting to W1,225,464 million were provided as collateral in relation to revolving loan of Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd.  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*2) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company decided to dispose CSP—Compania Siderurgica do Pecem and recognized full impairment loss of W175,990 million, which is the difference between carrying amount and recoverable amount. The Company reclassified the investment to assets held for sale.  |

---

(\*3) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company dispose of POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center, a joint venture, to POSCO, a subsidiary, recognizing W4,136 million of gain on disposal.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**12. Investment Property, Net** 

(a) Investment property as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Accumulated<br>depreciation** | **Accumulated<br>impairment** | **Book<br>value** | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Accumulated<br>depreciation** | **Accumulated<br>impairment** | **Book<br>value** |
|  Land | W | 132533 |  | (1464) | 131069 | 89033 |  | (1465) | 87568 |
|  Buildings |  | 239489 | (155961) |  | 83528 | 157218 | (108206) | (23) | 48989 |
|  Structures |  | 15895 | (9793) |  | 6102 | 22507 | (14924) |  | 7583 |
|  | W | 387917 | (165754) | (1464) | 220699 | 268758 | (123130) | (1488) | 144140 |

---

The fair value of investment property as of December 31, 2022 is W1,467,480 million.

(b) Changes in the carrying amount of investment property for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were
as follows:

1) For the year ended December 31, 2022

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Beginning** | **Beginning** | **Depreciation(\*1)** | **Spin-off** | **Transfer(\*2)** | **Ending** |
|  Land | W | 87568 |  | (3639) | 47140 | 131069 |
|  Buildings |  | 48989 | (5823) | (4990) | 45352 | 83528 |
|  Structures |  | 7583 | (395) | (4304) | 3218 | 6102 |
|  | W | 144140 | (6218) | (12933) | 95710 | 220699 |

---

(\*1) The useful life and depreciation method of investment property are identical to those of property, plant and equipment.

(\*2) Mainly includes assets transferred from property, plant and equipment in relation to changes in rental ratio and the purpose of use.

2) For the year ended December 31, 2021

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Beginning** | **Beginning** | **Depreciation(\*1)** | **Transfer(\*2)** | **Ending** |
|  Land | W | 89848 |  | (2280) | 87568 |
|  Buildings |  | 51417 | (3998) | 1570 | 48989 |
|  Structures |  | 8352 | (598) | (171) | 7583 |
|  | W | 149617 | (4596) | (881) | 144140 |

---

(\*1) The useful life and depreciation method of investment property are identical to those of property, plant and equipment

(\*2) Mainly includes assets transferred from property, plant and equipment in relation to changes in rental ratio and the purpose of use.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**13. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net** 

(a) Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** |  |
|  | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Accumulated**<br>**depreciation** | **Accumulated**<br>**impairment** | **Government**<br>**grants** | **Book<br>value** | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Accumulated**<br>**depreciation** | **Accumulated**<br>**impairment** | **Government<br>grants** | **Book value** |
|  Land | W | 51310 |  |  |  | 51310 | 1349266 |  |  |  | 1349266 |
|  Buildings |  | 88845 | (41433) | (7865) | (270) | 39277 | 6579253 | (4384940) | (15249) | (3773) | 2175291 |
|  Structures |  | 11459 | (4824) | (599) |  | 6036 | 5003881 | (2904479) | (2740) |  | 2096662 |
|  Machinery and equipment |  | 20024 | (6785) | (2735) |  | 10504 | 40618619 | (28273986) | (45021) |  | 12299612 |
|  Vehicles |  | 27 | (16) |  |  | 11 | 219191 | (200370) |  | (464) | 18357 |
|  Tools |  |  |  |  |  |  | 215682 | (190791) |  |  | 24891 |
|  Furniture and fixtures |  | 24098 | (11525) |  |  | 12573 | 322407 | (233794) | (5) | (84) | 88524 |
|  Lease assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | 616302 | (167974) |  |  | 448328 |
|  Construction-in-progress |  | 30296 |  |  | (5001) | 25295 | 1376352 |  | (99983) | (5001) | 1271368 |
|  | W | 226059 | (64583) | (11199) | (5271) | 145006 | 56300953 | (36356334) | (162998) | (9322) | 19772299 |

---

(b) Changes in the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and
2021 were as follows:

1) For the year ended December 31, 2022

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Beginning** | **Beginning** | **Acquisitions** | **Disposals** | **Depreciation** | **Spin-off** | **Others(\*1)** | **Ending** |
|  Land | W | 1349266 |  |  |  | (1250818) | (47138) | 51310 |
|  Buildings |  | 2175291 |  | (2964) | (36112) | (2079343) | (17595) | 39277 |
|  Structures |  | 2096662 |  | (117) | (31656) | (2075346) | 16493 | 6036 |
|  Machinery and equipment |  | 12299612 | 2178 | (1110) | (302940) | (12046595) | 59359 | 10504 |
|  Vehicles |  | 18357 | 622 | (17) | (1548) | (17410) | 7 | 11 |
|  Tools |  | 24891 | 102 |  | (1923) | (23763) | 693 |  |
|  Furniture and fixtures |  | 88524 | 16 | (1) | (5122) | (72237) | 1393 | 12573 |
|  Lease assets |  | 448328 | 966 |  | (7602) | (440464) | (1228) |  |
|  Construction-in-progress |  | 1271368 | 271769 |  |  | (1403761) | (114081) | 25295 |
|  | W | 19772299 | 275653 | (4209) | (386903) | (19409737) | (102097) | 145006 |

---

(\*1) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible assets and other property, plant and equipment, assets transferred from investment properties, and others.

2) For the year ended December 31, 2021

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Beginning** | **Beginning** | **Acquisitions** | **Disposals** | **Depreciation** | **Impairment(\*1,2)** | **Others(\*3)** | **Ending** |
|  Land | W | 1401605 |  | (49131) |  |  | (3208) | 1349266 |
|  Buildings |  | 2080843 | 5870 | (514) | (206062) | (17406) | 312560 | 2175291 |
|  Structures |  | 2073097 | 1287 | (14384) | (182926) | (3733) | 223321 | 2096662 |
|  Machinery and equipment |  | 12651431 | 52534 | (27432) | (1812571) | (42126) | 1477776 | 12299612 |
|  Vehicles |  | 14486 | 3290 | (5) | (7670) |  | 8256 | 18357 |
|  Tools |  | 24333 | 4652 | (14) | (11283) |  | 7203 | 24891 |
|  Furniture and fixtures |  | 44426 | 8126 | (159) | (17745) |  | 53876 | 88524 |
|  Lease assets |  | 331588 | 130610 |  | (46654) |  | 32784 | 448328 |
|  Construction-in-progress |  | 1595123 | 1987316 | (6027) |  | (164906) | (2140138) | 1271368 |
|  | W | 20216932 | 2193685 | (97666) | (2284911) | (228171) | (27570) | 19772299 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | The Company estimated the recoverable amount of individual assets that it ceased their use due to the disposal plan and others at fair value less costs to sell based on sale price or scrap value, and recognized an impairment loss since recoverable amounts are less than their carrying amounts for the year ended December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized impairment losses on damaged assets caused by the fire.  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*2) | The Company decided to stop the intended use for Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) facility and sell the related assets. The Company estimated the recoverable amount based on expected sale price and recognized W223,273 million of impairment loss in 2021.  |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(\*3) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible assets and other property, plant and equipment, assets transferred from investment properties, assets transferred to assets held for sale, and others.

(c) Borrowing costs capitalized and the capitalized interest rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and
2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Weighted average expenditure | W | 106688 | 929976 |
|  Borrowing costs capitalized |  | 2554 | 24465 |
|  Capitalization rate |  | 2.39% | 2.63% |

---

(d) Information on lease agreements for which the Company is a lessee is as follows:

1) Right-of-use assets

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;① Changes in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets presented as property, plant and

equipment for the year ended December 31, 2022 were as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Beginning** | **Beginning** | **Acquisitions** | **Depreciation** | **Spin-off** | **Others** | **Ending** |
|  Land | W | 8402 |  | (49) | (7874) | (479) |  |
|  Buildings |  | 67658 |  | (1207) | (66451) |  |  |
|  Structures |  | 54009 |  | (869) | (53140) |  |  |
|  Machinery and equipment |  | 83290 |  | (1592) | (81698) |  |  |
|  Vehicles |  | 5755 |  | (83) | (5672) |  |  |
|  Ships |  | 210058 |  | (2781) | (207277) |  |  |
|  Furniture and fixtures |  | 19156 | 966 | (1021) | (18352) | (749) |  |
|  | W | 448328 | 966 | (7602) | (440464) | (1228) |  |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;② Changes in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets presented as property, plant and equipment for year ended December 31, 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Beginning** | **Beginning** | **Acquisitions** | **Depreciation** | **Others(\*1)** | **Ending** |
|  Land | W | 8703 |  | (301) |  | 8402 |
|  Buildings |  | 71431 | 3471 | (7244) |  | 67658 |
|  Structures |  | 59221 |  | (5212) |  | 54009 |
|  Machinery and equipment |  | 54698 |  | (8532) | 37124 | 83290 |
|  Vehicles |  | 6255 |  | (500) |  | 5755 |
|  Ships |  | 106555 | 120217 | (16714) |  | 210058 |
|  Furniture and fixtures |  | 24725 | 6922 | (8151) | (4340) | 19156 |
|  | W | 331588 | 130610 | (46654) | 32784 | 448328 |

---

(\*1) Increased due to the revised lease term of machinery and equipment

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

2) Amount recognized in profit or loss 

The amount recognized in profit or loss related to leases for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Interest on lease liabilities | W | 1969 |  | 12353 |
|  Expenses relating to short-term leases |  | 836 |  | 3394 |
|  Expenses relating to leases of low-value assets |  | 2502 |  | 6017 |
|  | W | 5307 |  | 21764 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**14. Intangible Assets, Net** 

(a) Intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Accumulated<br>amortization** | **Accumulated<br>impairment** | **Book<br>value** | **Acquisition<br>cost** | **Accumulated<br>amortization** | **Accumulated<br>impairment** | **Book<br>value** |
|  Intellectual property rights | W | 1705 | (1201) |  | 504 | 52011 | (29165) |  | 22846 |
|  Membership |  | 11618 |  |  | 11618 | 87423 |  | (2665) | 84758 |
|  Development expense |  | 5232 | (3832) |  | 1400 | 647848 | (471036) |  | 176812 |
|  Port facilities usage rights |  |  |  |  |  | 682305 | (469497) |  | 212808 |
|  Construction-in-progress |  | 1476 |  |  | 1476 | 32392 |  |  | 32392 |
|  Other intangible assets |  | 923 | (19) |  | 904 | 312359 | (271552) | (19013) | 21794 |
|  | W | 20954 | (5052) |  | 15902 | 1814338 | (1241250) | (21678) | 551410 |

---

(b) Changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as
follows:

1) For the year ended December 31, 2022

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Beginning** | **Beginning** | **Acquisitions** | **Disposals** | **Amortization** | **Impairment** | **Spin-off** | **Others(\*2)** | **Ending** |
|  Intellectual property rights | W | 22846 |  | (525) | (1262) |  | (24180) | 3625 | 504 |
|  Membership(\*1) |  | 84758 |  |  |  | 828 | (73968) |  | 11618 |
|  Development expense |  | 176812 |  |  | (12892) |  | (164135) | 1615 | 1400 |
|  Port facilities usage rights |  | 212808 |  |  | (2476) |  | (210332) |  |  |
|  Construction-in-progress |  | 32392 | 9835 |  |  |  | (33497) | (7254) | 1476 |
|  Other intangible assets |  | 21794 | 726 |  | (550) |  | (21288) | 222 | 904 |
|  | W | 551410 | 10561 | (525) | (17180) | 828 | (527400) | (1792) | 15902 |

---

(\*1) Economic useful life of membership is indefinite.

(\*2) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible assets and assets transferred from property, plant and equipment, and others.

2) For the year ended December 31, 2021

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Beginning** | **Beginning** | **Acquisitions** | **Disposals** | **Amortization** | **Impairment(\*2)** | **Others(\*3)** | **Ending** |
|  Intellectual property rights | W | 22758 |  | (573) | (6145) |  | 6806 | 22846 |
|  Membership(\*1) |  | 81795 | 3690 | (727) |  |  |  | 84758 |
|  Development expense |  | 224854 | 2000 |  | (76588) |  | 26546 | 176812 |
|  Port facilities usage rights |  | 233447 |  |  | (20639) |  |  | 212808 |
|  Construction-in-progress |  | 34924 | 28590 | (4770) |  |  | (26352) | 32392 |
|  Other intangible assets |  | 24148 | 15775 | (10030) | (4093) | (7180) | 3174 | 21794 |
|  | W | 621926 | 50055 | (16100) | (107465) | (7180) | 10174 | 551410 |

---

(\*1) Economic useful life of membership is indefinite.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*2) | During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company decided to sell a portion of purchased emission rights and recognized impairment loss which is the difference between carrying amount and net fair value.  |

---

(\*3) Represents assets transferred from construction-in-progress to intangible assets and assets transferred from property, plant and equipment, and others.

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**15. Other Assets** 

Other current assets and other long-term assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Current** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Advance payments | W | 5165 | 17398 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Prepaid expenses |  | 6 | 25406 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Emission rights purchased from the market |  |  | 12440 |
|  | W | 5171 | 55244 |
|  **Non-current** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Long-term prepaid expenses | W |  | 3659 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 8 | 30707 |
|  | W | 8 | 34366 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**16. Borrowings** 

(a) Borrowings as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Short-term borrowings** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Short-term borrowings | W |  | 672303 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Current portion of debentures |  |  | 1402750 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Less: Current portion of discount on debentures issued |  |  | (2699) |
|  | W |  | 2072354 |
|  **Long-term borrowings** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Long-term borrowings | W | 1293 | 1210 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Debentures |  | 1358294 | 6146233 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Less: Discount on debentures issued |  |  | (17665) |
|  | W | 1359587 | 6129778 |

---

(b) Short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Lenders** | **Issuance<br>date** | **Maturity<br>date** | **Annual<br>interest rate (%)** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Transfers of account receivables that do not qualify for derecognition |  |  |  |  | W – | 214465 |
|  Borrowings in foreign trade |  |  |  |  | – | 457838 |
|  |  |  |  |  | W – | 672303 |

---

(c) Current portion of debentures as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Lenders** | **Issuance<br>date** | **Maturity<br>date** | **Annual<br>interest rate (%)** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Debentures |  |  |  |  | W – | 809447 |
|  Foreign debentures |  |  |  |  | – | 590604 |
|  |  |  |  |  | W – | 1400051 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(d) Long-term borrowings and others excluding current portion, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as
follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Lenders** | **Issuance date** | **Maturity<br>date** | **Annual<br>interest rate (%)** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Foreign borrowings | KOREA ENERGY AGENCY | 2011.12.27. | 2026.12.26. | 3 year<br>Government bond | W | 1293 | 1210 |
|  Debentures |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1736868 |
|  Foreign debentures |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2956507 |
|  Exchangeable bonds(\*1) | Foreign currency<br>exchangeable bonds | 2021.09.01 | 2026.09.01 |  |  | 1358294 | 1435193 |
|  |  |  |  |  | W | 1359587 | 6129778 |

---

(\*1) The issuance conditions of the exchangeable bonds issued by the Company are as follows :

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Foreign currency exchangeable bonds** |
| Type of bond | Exchangeable bonds |
| Aggregate principal amount | EUR 1,065,900,000 |
| Interest rate | - Coupon rate : - |
|  | - Yield to maturity : (0.78%) |
| Maturity date | September 1, 2026 |
| Redemption | - Redemption at maturity : Outstanding bond principal, which is not repaid early or which call option is not excercised on, is repaid at maturity as a lump sum |
|  | - Prepayment : The issuer has call option and the bondholders have put option |
| Exchange rate | 100% |
| Exchange price |  |
| (Won/share) | 463,438(\*1) |
| Underlying shares | Registered common shares(treasury shares) |
| Exchange period | From October 12, 2021 to August 22, 2026 |
| Adjustments for<br>exchange price | Adjusting the exchange price according to the terms and conditions of the bond in the events of reason for adjusting the exchange price such as, bonus issue, share split, share consolidation, change of share type, issuance of options or warranties to shareholders, share dividend, cash dividend, issuance of new shares under the market price. |
| Put option by<br>bondholders | - 3 years(September 1, 2024) from the closing date |
|  | - In the event of a change of control of the Company |
|  | - Where the shares issued by the Company are delisted (or suspended for more than 30 consecutive trading days) |
| Call option by the issuer | - Share price(based on closing price) is higher than 130% of exchange price for more than 20 trading days during 30 consecutive trading days in a row, after 3 years (September 1, 2024) from the closing day to 30 business days before the maturity of bonds |
|  | - When the outstanding balance of outstanding bonds is less than 10% of the total issuance (Clean Up Call) |
|  | - Where additional reasons for tax burden arise due to the amendment of relevant laws and regulations, etc |

---

(\*1) The exchange value has changed due to cash dividends during the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company has designated exchangeable bonds listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange as financial liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss. The quoted transaction price is used in fair value measurement, and changes in fair value are recognized in profit or loss.

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**17. Other Payables** 

Other payables as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Current** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accounts payable | W | 23033 | 727844 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accrued expenses |  | 12304 | 475056 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dividend payable |  | 3079 | 3237 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lease liabilities |  |  | 48062 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Withholdings |  | 26181 | 13260 |
|  | W | 64597 | 1267459 |
|  **Non-current** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Long-term accrued expenses | W |  | 27 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lease liabilities |  |  | 398513 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Long-term withholdings |  |  | 604 |
|  | W |  | 399144 |

---

**18. Other Financial Liabilities** 

Other financial liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  **Current** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Derivative liabilities | W |  |  | 3429 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Financial guarantee liabilities |  | 5815 |  | 10326 |
|  | W | 5815 |  | 13755 |
|  **Non-current** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Financial guarantee liabilities | W | 3668 |  | 21991 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**19. Provisions** 

(a) Provisions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **Current** | **Current** | **Non-current** | **Current** | **Non-current** |
|  Provision for bonus payments(\*1,2) | W | 5667 |  | 21365 | 25155 |
|  Provision for restoration(\*3) |  | 4997 | 10868 | 5902 | 6601 |
|  Emission liabilities(\*4) |  |  |  | 34059 |  |
|  Provision for product warranties(\*5) |  |  |  | 23083 | 4999 |
|  Others(\*6) |  | 34724 |  |  |  |
|  | W | 45388 | 10868 | 84409 | 36755 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | Represents the provision for bonuses limited to 100% of annual salaries for executives.  |

---

(\*2) The Company estimated the present value of estimated future cash payments about the long-term service award, based on actuarial measurement.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*3) | Due to contamination of land near the Company's magnesium smelting plant located in Gangneung province, the Company recognized present values of estimated costs for recovery as provisions for restoration as of December 31, 2022. In order to determine the estimated costs, the Company has assumed that it would use all of technologies and materials available for now to recover the land. In addition, the Company has applied discount rates of 5.10% to assess present value of these costs.  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*4) | The Company has recognized emission liabilities for greenhouse gas emissions exceeding the quantity of free quota emission rights expected to be submitted as of December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022, it was transferred to a newly established company(POSCO) upon a vertical spin-off.  |

---

(\*5) As of December 31, 2021, the Company recognized the expected claim cost to be charged as a provision. During the year ended December 31, 2022, it was transferred to a newly established company(POSCO) upon a vertical spin-off.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*6) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company decided to dispose of CSP-Compania Siderurgica do Pecem, an investment in joint venture. Meanwhile, upon sale, shareholders, including the Company, have an obligation to repay part of the borrowings held by the investee company in proportion to their respective ownership. The Company recognized the expected repayment of borrowings to be borne by disposal as a provision.  |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(b) Changes in provisions for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

1) For the year ended December 31, 2022

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Beginning** | **Beginning** | **Increase** | **Reversal** | **Utilization** | **Spin-off** | **Ending** |
|  Provision for bonus payments | W | 46520 | 24770 | (579) | (33431) | (31613) | 5667 |
|  Provision for restoration |  | 12503 | 16054 | (489) | (3359) | (8844) | 15865 |
|  Provision for legal contingencies and claims |  |  | 417 |  |  | (417) |  |
|  Emission liability |  | 34059 | 1510 |  |  | (35569) |  |
|  Provision for product warranties |  | 28082 | 2980 |  |  | (31062) |  |
|  Others |  |  | 39600 | (4876) |  |  | 34724 |
|  | W | 121164 | 85331 | (5944) | (36790) | (107505) | 56256 |

---

2) For the year ended December 31, 2021

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Beginning** | **Beginning** | **Increase** | **Reversal** | **Utilization** | **Ending** |
|  Provision for bonus payments | W | 48979 | 74240 |  | (76699) | 46520 |
|  Provision for restoration |  | 17561 | 291 | (186) | (5163) | 12503 |
|  Provision for legal contingencies and claims |  | 6989 | 2500 | (2052) | (7437) |  |
|  Emission liability |  | 20224 | 34059 | (19391) | (833) | 34059 |
|  Provision for product warranties |  | 22453 | 27434 |  | (21805) | 28082 |
|  | W | 116206 | 138524 | (21629) | (111937) | 121164 |

---

**20. Employee Benefits** 

(a) Defined contribution plans

The expense related to post-employment benefit plans under defined contribution plans for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Expense related to post-employment benefit plans under defined contribution plans | W | 6176 |  | 39686 |

---

(b) Defined benefit plans

1) The amounts recognized in relation to net defined benefit liabilities (assets) in the statements of financial position as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Present value of funded obligations | W | 27503 | 1330938 |
|  Fair value of plan assets |  | (23742) | (1543469) |
|  Net defined benefit liabilities | W | 3761 | (212531) |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

2) Changes in present value of defined benefit obligations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Defined benefit obligation at the beginning of period | W | 1330938 | 1378597 |
|  Current service costs |  | 23366 | 123312 |
|  Interest costs |  | 5882 | 28892 |
|  Remeasurement : |  | 104564 | (49259) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Loss (gain) from change in financial assumptions |  | (40010) | (103452) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Loss (gain) from change in demographic assumptions |  | (10) | 91 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Loss from change in others |  | 144584 | 54102 |
|  Amount transferred from associate |  | 730 |  |
|  Reclassification to liabilities directly related to assets held for sale |  |  | (5675) |
|  Benefits paid |  | (59335) | (144929) |
|  Spin-off |  | (1378642) |  |
|  Defined benefit obligation at the end of period | W | 27503 | 1330938 |

---

3) Changes in the fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of period | W | 1543469 | 1455098 |
|  Interest on plan assets |  | 7166 | 31145 |
|  Remeasurement of plan assets |  | (3100) | (4534) |
|  Contributions to plan assets |  | 2000 | 200000 |
|  Amount transferred from associate |  | 3515 |  |
|  Reclassification to liabilities directly related to assets held for sale |  |  | (5490) |
|  Benefits paid |  | (52346) | (132750) |
|  Spin-off |  | (1476962) |  |
|  Fair value of plan assets at the end of period | W | 23742 | 1543469 |

---

The Company expects to make an estimated contribution of W2,399 million to the defined benefit plan assets in 2022.

4) The fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Debt instruments | W | 102 |  | 496936 |
|  Deposits |  | 23635 |  | 1024370 |
|  Others |  | 5 |  | 22163 |
|  | W | 23742 |  | 1543469 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

5) The amounts recognized in the statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Current service costs | W | 23366 | 123312 |
|  Net interest costs(\*1) |  | (1284) | (2253) |
|  | W | 22082 | 121059 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | The actual return on plan assets amounted to W4,066 million and W26,611 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  |

---

The above expenses by function were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Cost of sales | W | 12174 |  | 89775 |
|  Selling and administrative expenses |  | 9904 |  | 30734 |
|  Others |  | 4 |  | 550 |
|  | W | 22082 |  | 121059 |

---

6) Remeasurements of defined benefit plans, net of tax recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Beginning | W | (282940) | (315366) |
|  Remeasurements of defined benefit plans |  | (104880) | 44725 |
|  Tax effects |  | 29608 | (12299) |
|  Ending | W | (358212) | (282940) |

---

7) The principal actuarial assumptions as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Discount rate | 5.32% | 2.96% |
|  Expected future increases in salaries(\*1) | 3.90% | 3.90% |

---

(\*1) The expected future increases in salaries are based on the average salary increase rate for the past five years.

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

All assumptions are reviewed at the end of the reporting period. Additionally, the total estimated defined benefit obligation includes actuarial assumptions associated with the long-term characteristics of the defined benefit plan.

8) Reasonably possible changes at the reporting date to one of the relevant actuarial assumption, holding the other assumptions constant, would have affected the defined benefit obligation by the amounts shown below: 

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **1% Increase** | **1% Increase** | **1% Increase** | **1% Decrease** | **1% Decrease** |
|  | **Amount** | **Amount** | **Percentage (%)** | **Amount** | **Percentage (%)** |
|  Discount rate | W | (1138) | (4.1) | 1280 | 4.7 |
|  Expected future increases in salaries |  | 1280 | 4.7 | (1150) | (4.2) |

---

9) As of December 31, 2022 the maturity of the expected benefit payments are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Within**<br>**1 year** | **Within**<br>**1 year** | **1 year<br>-5 years** | **5 years**<br>**- 10 years** | **10 years<br>- 20 years** | **After<br>20 years** | **Total** |
|  Benefits to be paid | W | 872 | 15876 | 7783 | 11034 | 1012 | 36577 |

---

The maturity analysis of the defined benefit obligation was nominal amounts of defined benefit obligations using expected remaining period of service of employees.

**21. Other Liabilities** 

Other liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  **Current** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Advances received | W | 379 |  | 24807 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Withholdings |  | 1028 |  | 60535 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unearned revenue |  | 1786 |  | 59619 |
|  | W | 3193 |  | 144961 |
| **Non-current** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unearned revenue | W |  |  | 3744 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**22. Financial Instruments** 

(a) Classification and fair value of financial instruments

1) The carrying amount and the fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities by fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;① December 31, 2022

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | | | **Fair value** | **Fair value** | **Fair value** | **Fair value** |
|  | **Book value** | **Book value** | **Level 1** | **Level 2** | **Level 3** | **Total** |
|  **Financial assets** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  Fair value through profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Short term financial instruments | W | 2515375 |  | 2515375 |  | 2515375 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other securities |  | 176588 |  |  | 176588 | 176588 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other receivables |  | 2000 |  |  | 2000 | 2000 |
|  Fair value through other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equity securities |  | 885942 | 864523 |  | 21419 | 885942 |
|  Financial assets measured at amortized cost(\*1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cash and cash Equivalents |  | 1415201 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trade accounts and notes receivable |  | 30049 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other receivables |  | 243273 |  |  |  |  |
|  | W | 5268428 | 864523 | 2515375 | 200007 | 3579905 |
|  **Financial liabilities** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  Fair value through profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Borriwings | W | 1358294 | 1358294 |  |  | 1358294 |
|  Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost(\*1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Borrowings |  | 1293 |  | 1293 |  | 1293 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Financial guarantee liabilities |  | 9483 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 63245 |  |  |  |  |
|  | W | 1432315 | 1358294 | 1293 |  | 1359587 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | Fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost approximates their carrying amounts.  |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;② December 31, 2021

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | | | **Fair value** | **Fair value** | **Fair value** | **Fair value** |
|  | **Book value** | **Book value** | **Level 1** | **Level 2** | **Level 3** | **Total** |
|  **Financial assets** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  Fair value through profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Derivate assets | W | 170471 |  | 170471 |  | 170471 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Short-term financial instruments |  | 8013857 |  | 8013857 |  | 8013857 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Debt securities |  | 4750 |  |  | 4750 | 4750 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other securities |  | 71492 |  |  | 71492 | 71492 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other receivables |  | 2000 |  |  | 2000 | 2000 |
|  Fair value through other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equity securities |  | 1084574 | 999431 |  | 85143 | 1084574 |
|  Financial assets measured at amortized cost(\*1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cash and cash Equivalents |  | 2042274 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trade accounts and notes receivable |  | 6005022 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Debt securities |  | 150000 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other receivables |  | 495306 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deposit instruments |  | 1436943 |  |  |  |  |
|  | W | 19476689 | 999431 | 8184328 | 163385 | 9347144 |
|  **Financial liabilities** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  Fair value through profit or loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Derivative liabilities | W | 3429 |  | 3429 |  | 3429 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Borrowings |  | 1435193 | 1435193 |  |  | 1435193 |
|  Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost(\*1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trade accounts and notes payable |  | 2453068 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Borrowings |  | 6766939 |  | 6875206 |  | 6875206 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Financial guarantee liabilities |  | 32317 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 1546986 |  |  |  |  |
|  | W | 12237932 | 1435193 | 6878635 |  | 8313828 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | Fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost excluding borrowings for which the carrying amounts is a reasonable approximation of their fair value.  |

---

2) Financial assets and financial liabilities classified as fair value hierarchy Level 2

Fair values of financial instruments are calculated based on the derivatives instrument valuation model such as market approach method and discounted cash flow method. Inputs of the financial instrument valuation model include interest rate, exchange rate, spot price of underlying assets, volatility and others. It may change depending on the type of derivatives and the nature of the underlying assets.

3) Financial assets and financial liabilities classified as fair value hierarchy Level 3

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;① Value measurement method and significant but not observable inputs for the financial assets classified as fair
value hierarchy Level 3 as of December 31, 2022 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Fair value** | **Fair value** | **Valuation technique** | **Valuation technique** | **Inputs** | **Range of inputs** | **Effect on fair value assessment**<br>**with unobservable input** |
|  Financial assets at fair value | W | 200007 |  | Asset value approach |  |  |  |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;② Changes in fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities classified as Level 3 for the years
ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Beginning | W | 163385 | 414988 |
|  Acquisition |  | 104197 | 44908 |
|  Gain or loss on valuation of financial assets |  | 45156 | (36880) |
|  Other comprehensive income |  | 98156 |  |
|  Disposal and others(\*1,2) |  | (210887) | (259631) |
|  Ending | W | 200007 | 163385 |

---

(\*1) During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company disposed W202,435 million of unlisted equity securities and other securities classified as fair value hierarchy level 3 to POSCO, a subsidiary.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*2) | The Company owns equity securities of CSN Mineracao S.A. which are listed and traded in the active market during the year ended December 31, 2021. Since the quoted price exists at the end of the prior period, W250,323 million was moved from Level 3 to Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.  |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

4) Financial liabilities were recognized in connection with financial guarantee contracts as of December 31, 2022. The details of the amount of guarantees provided are as follows: 

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(***in millions of Won***)** | | **Guarantee limit** | **Guarantee limit** | **Guarantee limit** | **Guarantee amount** | **Guarantee amount** |
|  | | **Foreign** | **Foreign** | | | |
| **Guarantee beneficiary** |<br>**Financial institution** | **currency** | **currency** | **Won**<br>**equivalent** | **Foreign**<br>**currency** | **Won**<br>**equivalent** |
|  **Subsidiaries** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited | BNP | USD | 30000000 | 38019 | 23561495 | 29860 |
|  | CITI | USD | 20000000 | 25346 | 15707663 | 19906 |
|  | DBS | USD | 35000000 | 44356 | 27488411 | 34836 |
|  | SC | USD | 19784000 | 25072 | 15538020 | 19691 |
|  | SMBC | USD | 35000000 | 44356 | 27488411 | 34836 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY | BNP | USD | 22074750 | 27976 | 22074750 | 27976 |
|  | CITI | USD | 36000000 | 45623 | 36000000 | 45623 |
|  | ING | USD | 36000000 | 45623 | 36000000 | 45623 |
|  | SOCIETE GENERALE | USD | 37800000 | 47904 | 37800000 | 47904 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. | Credit Agricole | USD | 50000000 | 63365 |  |  |
|  | ING | USD | 55000000 | 69702 |  |  |
|  | Mizuho | USD | 50000000 | 63365 |  |  |
|  | Shinhan | USD | 50000000 | 63365 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PT. KRAKATAU POSCO | ANZ | USD | 103500000 | 131166 | 56100261 | 71096 |
|  | BOA | USD | 105000000 | 133067 | 82052174 | 103985 |
|  | BTMU | USD | 119000000 | 150809 | 40977391 | 51931 |
|  | Credit Suisse | USD | 91000000 | 115324 | 31335652 | 39712 |
|  | HSBC | USD | 221000000 | 280073 | 161335652 | 204461 |
|  | Export-Import Bank of Korea | USD | 771000000 | 977088 | 368144435 | 466549 |
|  | Mizuho | USD | 165000000 | 209105 | 96156522 | 121859 |
|  | MUFG | USD | 60000000 | 76038 | 60000000 | 76038 |
|  | SC | USD | 110000000 | 139403 | 110000000 | 139403 |
|  | SCB | USD | 107800000 | 136615 | 37911391 | 48045 |
|  | SMBC | USD | 290000000 | 367517 | 198999391 | 252192 |
|  | The Tokyo Star Bank | USD | 21000000 | 26613 | 7231304 | 9164 |
|  **Associates** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nickel Mining Company SAS | SMBC | EUR | 46000000 | 62155 | 46000000 | 62155 |
|  **Joint ventures** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CSP—Compania | BBVA Seoul | USD | 17600000 | 22304 | 14905400 | 18890 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Siderurgica do Pecem | BNDES | BRL | 464060000 | 111244 | 464060000 | 111244 |
|  | BNP | USD | 47600000 | 60323 | 40312358 | 51088 |
|  | Credit Agricole | USD | 20000000 | 25346 | 16937972 | 21465 |
|  | ING | USD | 17600000 | 22304 | 14905400 | 18890 |
|  | Export-Import Bank of Korea | USD | 182000000 | 230649 | 156704224 | 198591 |
|  | Kfw | USD | 20000000 | 25346 | 16937972 | 21465 |
|  | MIZUHO | USD | 47600000 | 60323 | 40312358 | 51088 |
|  | Santander | USD | 47600000 | 60323 | 40312358 | 51088 |
|  | SOCIETE GENERALE | USD | 20000000 | 25346 | 16937972 | 21465 |
|  |  | USD | 3060958750 | 3879154 | 1850168937 | 2344720 |
|  |  | EUR | 46000000 | 62155 | 46000000 | 62155 |
|  |  | BRL | 464060000 | 111244 | 464060000 | 111244 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

5) Finance income and costs by category of financial instrument for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows :

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;① For the year ended December 31, 2022

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** |
|  | **Interest income<br>(expense)** | **Interest income<br>(expense)** | **Gain and loss<br>on foreign<br>currency** | **Gain and loss<br>on disposal** | **Gain and loss<br>on valuation** | **Others** | **Total** | **Other<br>comprehensive<br>income (loss)** |
|  Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | W | 20 | 45 | 94331 | (183242) |  | (88846) |  |
|  Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (37054) |
|  Financial assets measured at amortized cost |  | 22534 | 59373 |  |  |  | 81907 |  |
|  Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  |  | (9707) | (4178) | 80914 |  | 67029 |  |
|  Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost |  | (24469) | (84675) |  |  | 7075 | (102069) |  |
|  | W | (1915) | (34964) | 90153 | (102328) | 7075 | (41979) | (37054) |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;② For the year ended December 31, 2021

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)*  | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | **Finance income and costs** | |
|  | **Interest income<br>(expense)** | **Interest income<br>(expense)** | **Dividend<br>income(\*1)** | **Gain and loss<br>on foreign<br>currency** | **Gain and loss<br>on disposal** | **Impairment loss** | **Others** | **Total** | **Other<br>comprehensive<br>income (loss)** |
|  Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss | W | 132129 |  |  | 1913 | 115674 |  | 249716 |  |
|  Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income |  |  | 89633 |  | 89 |  |  | 89722 | 83110 |
|  Financial assets measured at amortized cost |  | 21283 |  | 249744 |  |  |  | 271027 |  |
|  Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  |  |  | (1218) | (2626) | 161519 | (15876) | 141799 |  |
|  Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost |  | (159192) |  | (439967) |  |  | 6461 | (592698) |  |
|  | W | (5780) | 89633 | (191441) | (624) | 277193 | (9415) | 159566 | 83110 |

---

(\*1) Finance income in the statement of comprehensive income includes the dividends from subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures of W608,959 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(b) Credit risk

1) Credit risk exposure

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the Company's maximum exposure to credit risk. The maximum exposure to credit risk as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Cash and cash equivalents | W | 1415201 | 2042274 |
|  Derivative assets |  |  | 170471 |
|  Short-term financial instrument |  | 2515375 | 8013857 |
|  Debt securities |  |  | 154750 |
|  Other securities |  | 176588 | 71492 |
|  Other receivables |  | 245273 | 497306 |
|  Trade accounts and notes receivable |  | 128991 | 6005022 |
|  Deposit instruments |  |  | 1436943 |
|  | W | 4481428 | 18392115 |

---

The Company provided financial guarantee for the repayment of loans of subsidiaries, associates, and joint ventures. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the maximum exposure to credit risk caused by financial guarantee amounted to W2,518,119 million and W3,090,014 million, respectively.

2) Impairment losses on financial assets

The Company assesses the expected credit loss on trade accounts and notes receivable, and other receivables by estimating the default rates based on the following three years of credit loss experience and overdue conditions. The Company assesses the credit loss individually for credit-impaired assets and some other receivables.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;① Allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Trade accounts and notes receivable | W |  | 15041 |
|  Other accounts receivable |  |  | 2330 |
|  Loans |  |  | 8817 |
|  | W |  | 26188 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;② Impairment losses on financial assets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Bad debt expenses | W | 128 |  | 373 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;③ The aging and allowance for doubtful accounts of trade accounts and notes receivable as of December 31,
2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **Trade<br>accounts<br>and notes<br>receivable** | **Trade<br>accounts<br>and notes<br>receivable** | **Allowance<br>for<br>doubtful<br>accounts** | **Trade<br>accounts<br>and notes<br>receivable** | **Allowance<br>for<br>doubtful<br>accounts** |
|  Not due | W | 128991 |  | 5993635 | 725 |
|  Over due less than 1 month |  |  |  | 3403 |  |
|  1 month—3 months |  |  |  | 3326 |  |
|  3 months—12 months |  |  |  |  |  |
|  Over 12 months |  |  |  | 19699 | 14316 |
|  | W | 128991 |  | 6020063 | 15041 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;④ The aging and allowance for doubtful accounts of loans and other account receivable as of December 31,
2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **Loans and other<br>account<br>receivable** | **Loans and other<br>account<br>receivable** | **Allowance for<br>doubtful<br>accounts** | **Loans and other<br>account<br>receivable** | **Allowance for<br>doubtful<br>accounts** |
|  Not due | W | 243434 |  | 460213 | 8817 |
|  Over due less than 1 month |  | 218 |  | 243 |  |
|  1 month—3 months |  |  |  | 10 |  |
|  3 months—12 months |  |  |  | 59 |  |
|  Over 12 months |  |  |  | 2382 | 2330 |
|  | W | 243652 |  | 462907 | 11147 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;⑤ Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as
follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Beginning | W | 26188 | 28935 |
|  Bad debt expenses |  | 128 | 373 |
|  Spin-off |  | (26316) |  |
|  Others |  |  | (3120) |
|  Ending | W |  | 26188 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(c) Liquidity risk

Contractual maturities for non-derivative financial liabilities, including estimated interest, are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | | | **Contractual** | **Within** | **3 months** | **6 months** | **1 year** | **After** |
|  | **Book value** | **Book value** | **cash flow** | **3 months** | **- 6 months** | **- 1 year** | **- 5 years** | **5 years** |
|  Account payable | W | 22409 | 22409 | 22409 |  |  |  |  |
|  Borrowings |  | 1359587 | 1499147 |  |  |  |  | 1499147 |
|  Financial guarantee liabilities(\*1) |  | 9483 | 2518119 | 2518119 |  |  |  |  |
|  Others |  | 40836 | 40836 | 14655 | 150 | 26031 |  |  |
|  | W | 1432315 | 4080511 | 2555183 | 150 | 26031 |  | 1499147 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | For issued financial guarantee contracts, the maximum amount of the guarantee is allocated to the earliest period in which the guarantee could be called.  |

---

(d) Currency risk

1) The Company has exposure to the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of the changes in foreign exchange rates. The exposure to currency risk as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **Assets** | **Assets** | **Liabilities** | **Assets** | **Liabilities** |
|  USD | W | 270586 | 10297 | 2015066 | 4933339 |
|  JPY |  |  |  | 113393 | 12838 |
|  CNY |  | 2 |  | 530204 | 187 |
|  INR |  |  |  | 662232 |  |
|  EUR |  | 556 | 1358773 | 30277 | 2116332 |
|  Others |  | 23939 |  | 567861 | 50689 |
|  | W295,083 | W295,083 | 1369070 | 3919033 | 7113385 |

---

2) As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, provided that functional currency against foreign currencies other than functional currency hypothetically strengthens or weakens by 10%, the changes in gain or loss for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: 

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **10% increase** | **10% increase** | **10% decrease** | **10% increase** | **10% decrease** |
|  USD | W | 26029 | (26029) | (291827) | 291827 |
|  JPY |  |  |  | 10056 | (10056) |
|  CNY |  |  |  | 53002 | (53002) |
|  INR |  |  |  | 66223 | (66223) |
|  EUR |  | (135822) | 135822 | (208606) | 208606 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(e) Interest rate risk

1) The carrying amount of interest-bearing financial instruments as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows: 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Fixed rate** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Financial assets | W | 4135956 | 11881352 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Financial liabilities |  |  | (7212305) |
|  | W | 4135956 | 4669047 |
|  **Variable rate** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Financial liabilities | W | (1293) | (1210) |

---

2) Sensitivity analysis on the cash flows of financial instruments with variable interest rate

The Company's interest rate risk mainly arises from borrowings with variable interest rate. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, provided that other factors remain the same and the interest rate of borrowings with floating rates increases or decreases by 1%, the changes in interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **1% increase** | **1% increase** | **1% decrease** | **1% increase** | **1% decrease** |
|  Variable rate financial instruments | W | (13) | 13 | (12) | 12 |

---

**23. Share Capital and Capital Surplus** 

(a) Share capital as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in Won, except share information)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Authorized shares |  | 200000000 |  | 200000000 |
|  Par value | W | 5000 |  | 5000 |
|  Issued shares(\*1) |  | 84571230 |  | 87186835 |
|  Shared capital(\*2) | W | 482403125000 |  | 482403125000 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | As of December 31, 2022, total number of ADRs of 24,779,936 are equivalent to 6,194,984 shares of common stock.  |

---

(\*2) As of December 31, 2022, the difference between the ending balance of common stock and the par value of issued common stock is W59,547 million due to retirement of 11,909,395 treasury stocks.

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(b) The changes in issued common stock for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(Share)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **Issued shares** | **Treasury shares** | **Number of<br>outstanding<br>shares** | **Issued<br>shares** | **Treasury<br>shares** | **Number of<br>outstanding<br>shares** |
|  Beginning | 87186835 | (11561263) | 75625572 | 87186835 | (11171363) | 76015472 |
|  Acqusition of treasury shares |  |  |  |  | (389900) | (389900) |
|  Disposal of treasury shares |  | 223605 | 223605 |  |  |  |
|  Retirement of treasury shares | (2615605) | 2615605 |  |  |  |  |
|  Ending | 84571230 | (8722053) | 75849177 | 87186835 | (11561263) | 75625572 |

---

(c) Capital surplus as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Share premium | W | 463825 | 463825 |
|  Gain on disposal of treasury shares |  | 806114 | 796623 |
|  Gain from merger |  | 80627 | 80628 |
|  Loss on disposal of hybrid bonds |  | (1787) | (1787) |
|  Share-based payment |  | 12115 |  |
|  | W | 1360894 | 1339289 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**24. Hybrid Bonds** 

Hybrid bonds classified as equity as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Date of issue** | **Date of<br>maturity** | **Rate of<br>interest (%)** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Hybrid bond 1-2(\*1) | 2013-06-13 | 2043-06-13 | 4.60 | W – | 200000 |
|  Issuance cost |  |  |  | – | (616) |
|  |  |  |  | W – | 199384 |

---

(\*1) During the year ended December 31, 2022, it was transferred to a new subsidiary (POSCO) which was established through a vertical spin-off. Details of hybrid bonds are as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Hybrid bond 1-2** |
| Maturity date | 30 years (The Company has a right to extend the maturity date) |
| Interest rate | Issue date ~ 2023 -06 -12 : 4.60% |
|  | Reset every 10 years as follows; |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· After 10 years: return on government bond of the Republic of Korea (10 years) + 1.40% |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· After 10 years: additionally + 0.25% according to Step-up clauses |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· After 30 years : additionally + 0.75% |
| Interest payments<br>condition | Quarterly (Optional deferral of interest payment is available to the Company) |
| Others | The Company can call the hybrid bond at 10th anniversary of issuance and interest payment date afterwards |

---

**25. Reserves** 

(a) Reserves as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income | W | (188801) | (211849) |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(b) Changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income and changes in
unrealized fair value of available-for-sale investments for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Beginning balance | W | (211849) | (296626) |
|  Changes in fair value of equity investments |  | (35595) | 114634 |
|  Reclassification to profit or loss upon disposal |  | 82436 | 2300 |
|  Tax effects |  | (23793) | (32157) |
|  Ending balance | W | (188801) | (211849) |

---

**26. Treasury Shares** 

Based on the Board of Director's resolution, the Company holds treasury shares for the business purposes including price stabilization. The changes in treasury shares for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(shares, in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **Number of<br>shares** | **Amount** | **Amount** | **Number of<br>shares** | **Amount** | **Amount** |
|  Beginning | 11561263 | W | 2508294 | 11171363 | W | 2391523 |
|  Acqusition of treasury shares |  |  |  | 389900 |  | 116771 |
|  Disposal of treasury shares | (223605) |  | (48512) |  |  |  |
|  Retirement of teasury shares | (2615605) |  | (567474) |  |  |  |
|  Ending | 8722053 | W | 1892308 | 11561263 | W | 2508294 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**27. Share-Based Payments** 

During the year ended December 31, 2022, pursuant to the board of director's resolution, the Company decided to implement the Stock Grant program, under which the Company will grant treasury shares to executives based on performance evaluation. As of December 31, 2022, detailed information of the Company's Stock Grant program is as follows:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in Won, except share information)* | *(in Won, except share information)* |  |  |  |  |
|  | **Grant** | **Affiliated company of the<br>executive subject to grant** | **Total quantity of treasury<br>shares to be granted** | **Fair value of common shares<br>per share as of date of grant** | **Fair value of common shares<br>per share as of date of grant** |
|  Granted in 2022 | 2022-12-31 | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. | 15888 | W | 276500 |
|  |  | Subsidiaries | 27926 |  |  |

---

The fair value of the treasury shares expected to be granted to the Company's executives as of the date of grant is accounted for as other administrative expenses and other receivables for executives of subsidiaries, and the counter account is accounted for as other capital surplus.

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**28. Retained Earnings** 

(a) Retained earnings as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are summarized as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Legal reserve | W | 241202 | 241202 |
|  Reserve for business rationalization |  | 918300 | 918300 |
|  Appropriated retained earnings for business expansion |  | 47580500 | 43680500 |
|  Unappropriated retained earnings |  | (1330327) | 4894490 |
|  | W | 47409675 | 49734492 |

---

(b) Statements of appropriation of retained earnings as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Retained earnings before appropriation** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unappropriated retained earnings (Deficit) carried over from prior year | W | 616362 | 599211 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Remeasurements of defined benefit plans |  | (75271) | 32426 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss on disposal of equity securities |  | (60102) | (1667) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interests of hybrid bonds |  | (1486) | (9200) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Retirement of treasury stocks |  | (583486) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interim dividends |  | (758492) | (907507) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Dividends (ratio) per share |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; W10,000 (200%) in 2022 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; W12,500 (240%) in 2021) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Profit for the period |  | (467852) | 5181227 |
|  |  | (1330327) | 4894490 |
|  **Transfer from discretionary reserve** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Appropriated retained earnings for business expansion |  | 2500000 |  |
|  |  | 2500000 |  |
|  **Appropriation of retained earnings** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dividends |  | 151698 | 378128 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Dividends (ratio) per share |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; W2,000 (40%) in 2022 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; W5,000 (100%) in 2021) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Appropriated retained earnings for business expansion |  |  | 3900000 |
|  |  | 151698 | 4278128 |
|  **Unappropriated retained earnings carried forward to subsequent year** | W | 1017975 | 616362 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**29. Revenue** 

(a) Details of revenue disaggregated by types of revenue and timing of revenue recognition for the years ended
December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Types of revenue** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sales of steel product | W | 7262347 | 38282416 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transportation services |  | 241733 | 1384939 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dividend income |  | 909846 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 175893 | 252846 |
|  | W | 8589819 | 39920201 |
|  **Timing of revenue recognition** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Revenue recognized at a point in time | W | 8197502 | 38458289 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Revenue recognized over time |  | 392317 | 1461912 |
|  | W | 8589819 | 39920201 |

---

(b) Details of contract assets and liabilities from contracts with customers as of December 31, 2022 and 2021
are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Receivables** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Account receivables | W | 30049 | 6005022 |
|  **Contract assets** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Account receivables |  | 98942 | 18161 |
|  **Contract liabilities** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Advance received |  | 379 | 24807 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unearned income |  | 1786 | 63363 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**30. Selling and Administrative Expenses** 

(a) Other administrative expenses

Other administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Wages and salaries | W | 107763 | 274993 |
|  Expenses related to post-employment benefits |  | 11925 | 37268 |
|  Other employee benefits |  | 23047 | 56626 |
|  Travel |  | 5005 | 7739 |
|  Depreciation |  | 15039 | 28789 |
|  Amortization |  | 5688 | 32449 |
|  Rental |  | 14043 | 50412 |
|  Repairs |  | 1394 | 9329 |
|  Advertising |  | 33609 | 66088 |
|  Research & development |  | 80936 | 79894 |
|  Service fees |  | 75908 | 191772 |
|  Supplies |  | 260 | 1246 |
|  Vehicles maintenance |  | 2031 | 4950 |
|  Industry association fee |  | 2453 | 5518 |
|  Training |  | 1780 | 23790 |
|  Conference |  | 2559 | 5100 |
|  Others |  | 30646 | 35878 |
|  | W | 414086 | 911841 |

---

(b) Selling expenses

Selling expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Freight and custody | W | 20724 |  | 119776 |
|  Operating expenses for distribution center |  | 935 |  | 6211 |
|  Sales commissions |  | 14486 |  | 84175 |
|  Sales advertising |  | 29 |  | 3327 |
|  Sales promotion |  | 201 |  | 1529 |
|  Sample |  | 133 |  | 881 |
|  Sales insurance premium |  | 1086 |  | 6413 |
|  | W | 37594 |  | 222312 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**31. Research and Development Expenditures Recognized as Expenses** 

Research and development expenditures recognized as expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Selling and administrative expenses | W | 78011 |  | 79894 |
|  Cost of sales |  | 60277 |  | 340409 |
|  | W | 138288 |  | 420303 |

---

**32. Finance Income and Costs** 

Details of finance income and costs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Finance income** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest income(\*1) | W | 22554 | 153413 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dividend income |  |  | 698592 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on foreign currency transactions |  | 63704 | 415244 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on foreign currency translations |  | 41567 | 71529 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on valuation of derivatives |  | 21631 | 263446 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on transactions of derivatives |  | 194 | 20731 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on disposal of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss |  | 102920 | 2487 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on valuation of financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss |  | 85790 | 54057 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 54624 | 14676 |
|  | W | 392984 | 1694175 |
|  **Finance costs** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest expenses | W | 24469 | 159192 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss on foreign currency transactions |  | 63991 | 392031 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss on foreign currency translations |  | 76244 | 286183 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss on valuation of derivatives |  | 4877 | 3430 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss on transactions of derivatives |  | 4178 | 23836 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss on valuation of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss |  | 250477 | 42266 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 10727 | 18711 |
|  | W | 434963 | 925649 |

---

(\*1) Interest income calculated using the effective interest method for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were W22,534 million and W21,283 million, respectively.

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**33. Other Non-Operating Income and Expenses** 

Details of other non-operating income and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  **Other non-operating income** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on disposals of property, plant and equipment | W | 5464 | 30359 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on disposals of investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  | 13933 | 56121 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain on disposals of assets held for sale |  | 2706 | 48018 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Reversal of other provisions |  | 489 | 2052 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Premium income |  | 8 | 13272 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others(\*1) |  | 11099 | 77186 |
|  | W33,699 | W33,699 | 227008 |
|  **Other non-operating expenses** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment | W | 20211 | 111955 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment |  | 3 | 228171 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  | 263263 | 208732 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Donations |  | 290 | 45895 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on intangible assets |  |  | 7180 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transfer from other provisions |  | 50117 | 50 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 13118 | 59088 |
|  | W347,002 | W347,002 | 661071 |

---

(\*1) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized W46,283 million of non-operating income for refund of taxes other than income tax as a result of administrative litigation for tax audits.

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**34. Expenses by Nature** 

Expenses that are recorded by nature as cost of sales, selling and administrative expenses, impairment loss on other receivables and other non-operating expenses in the statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (excluding finance costs and income tax expenses):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Changes in inventories(\*1) | W | (3222) | (1531203) |
|  Raw materials and consumables used |  | 4881888 | 24376769 |
|  Employee benefits expenses(\*3) |  | 398784 | 2011936 |
|  Outsourced processing cost |  | 429841 | 2685313 |
|  Depreciation(\*2) |  | 393121 | 2289507 |
|  Amortization |  | 17180 | 107465 |
|  Electricity and water expenses |  | 80912 | 343581 |
|  Service fees |  | 84462 | 271241 |
|  Rental |  | 20931 | 90459 |
|  Advertising |  | 33609 | 66088 |
|  Freight and custody expenses |  | 207320 | 1026224 |
|  Sales commissions |  | 14486 | 84174 |
|  Loss on disposals of property, plant and equipment |  | 20211 | 111955 |
|  Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment |  | 3 | 228171 |
|  Impairment loss on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  | 263263 | 208732 |
|  Other expenses |  | 419267 | 1562005 |
|  | W | 7262056 | 33932417 |

---

(\*1) Changes in inventories are the changes in products, semi-finished products and by-products.

(\*2) Includes depreciation of investment property.

(\*3) The details of employee benefits expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Wages and salaries | W | 366396 |  | 1846623 |
|  Expenses related to post-employment benefits |  | 32388 |  | 165313 |
|  | W398,784 | W398,784 | 2,011,936 | 2,011,936 |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**35. Income Taxes** 

(a) Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Current income taxes(\*1) | W | 46074 | 1946960 |
|  Deferred income taxes |  | 1732726 | (100664) |
|  Items credited directly to equity |  | 8536 | (43824) |
|  Income tax expense | W | 1787336 | 1802472 |

---

(\*1) Refund (additional payment) of income taxes when filing a final corporation tax return credited (charged) directly to current income taxes.

(b) The income taxes credited (charged) directly to equity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were
as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income(\*1) | W | (1460) | (31525) |
|  Remeasurements of defined benefit plans(\*1) |  | 29608 | (12299) |
|  Gain on disposal of treasury shares |  | (3600) |  |
|  Unappropriated retained earnings |  | (16012) |  |
|  | W | 8536 | (43824) |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | Those amounts were recognized in other comprehensive income.  |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(c) The calculated income tax expense based on statutory rate to the actual amount of taxes recorded by the Company
for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021 were as follows :

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Profit before income tax expense | W | 1319483 | 6983700 |
|  Income tax expense computed at statutory rate |  | 352496 | 1910155 |
|  Adjustments: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tax credit |  | (83711) | (191183) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Additional Income tax expense for prior years (refund related to prior years) |  | 121 | (20654) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Investment in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures(\*1) |  | (446148) | 57772 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Effect of spin-off |  | 2276594 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tax effect due to permanent differences |  | (10294) | 36927 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Effect of tax rate change |  | (297602) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | (4120) | 9455 |
|  |  | 1434840 | (107683) |
|  Income tax expense | W | 1787336 | 1802472 |
|  Effective tax rate (%) |  | 135.5% | 25.8% |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (\*1) | During the year ended December 31, 2022, the company sold certain of its subsidiaries and associates to POSCO, a subsidiary of POSCO Holdings, and classified CSP-Compania Siderurgica do Pecem, an investment in joint venture as assets held for sale. This amount includes W402,334 million related to recognition of deferred tax assets which were previously not recognized.  |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(d) The movements in deferred tax assets (liabilities) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as
follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **December 31,<br>2021** | **December 31,<br>2021** | **Increase<br>(decrease)** | **December 31,<br>2022** | **December 31,<br>2020** | **Increase<br>(decrease)** | **December 31,<br>2021** |
|  **Deferred income tax due to temporary differences** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Reserve for special repairs | W | (36) | 36 |  | (10856) | 10820 | (36) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PPE—Depreciation |  | 10639 | (10551) | 88 | 10160 | 479 | 10639 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on investments |  | 90149 | (17118) | 73031 | 92427 | (2278) | 90149 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Prepaid expenses |  | 19603 | (13685) | 5918 | 19738 | (135) | 19603 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PPE—Revaluation |  | (1630460) | 1632993 | 2533 | (1747944) | 117484 | (1630460) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain or loss on foreign currency translation |  | 1066 | (40384) | (39318) | (47468) | 48534 | 1066 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Defined benefit liabilities |  | (116060) | 116163 | 103 | (134470) | 18410 | (116060) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accrued revenue |  | (6819) | 5903 | (916) | (10632) | 3813 | (6819) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PPE—Impairment loss |  | 445330 | (442680) | 2650 | 383308 | 62022 | 445330 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Provision for accelerated depreciation |  |  | (2728370) | (2728370) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 251257 | (104738) | 146519 | 355832 | (104575) | 251257 |
|  | (935331) | (935331) | (1602431) | (2537762) | (1089905) | 154574 | (935331) |
|  **Deferred tax from deficit and tax credit** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deficit carried over |  |  |  |  | 9454 | (9454) |  |
|  **Deferred income taxes recognized directly to equity** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | 80356 | (23793) | 56563 | 112513 | (32157) | 80356 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Remeasurements of defined benefit plans |  | 107322 | (106502) | 820 | 119621 | (12299) | 107322 |
|  | 187678 | 187678 | (130295) | 57383 | 232134 | (44456) | 187678 |
|  | W(747653) | W(747653) | (1732726) | (2480379) | (848317) | 100664 | (747653) |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(e) Deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **Assets** | **Assets** | **Liabilities** | **Net** | **Assets** | **Liabilities** | **Net** |
|  **Deferred income tax due to temporary differences** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Reserve for special repairs | W |  |  |  |  | (36) | (36) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PPE—Depreciation |  | 88 |  | 88 | 17386 | (6747) | 10639 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impairment loss on investments |  | 73031 |  | 73031 | 90149 |  | 90149 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Prepaid expenses |  | 5918 |  | 5918 | 19603 |  | 19603 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PPE—Revaluation |  | 2533 |  | 2533 |  | (1630460) | (1630460) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gain or loss on foreign currency translation |  | 2742 | (42060) | (39318) | 87242 | (86176) | 1066 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Defined benefit liabilities |  | 5611 | (5508) | 103 | 258686 | (374746) | (116060) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accrued revenue |  |  | (916) | (916) |  | (6819) | (6819) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PPE—Impairment loss |  | 2650 |  | 2650 | 445330 |  | 445330 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Provision for accelerated depreciation |  |  | (2728370) | (2728370) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 182803 | (36284) | 146519 | 473910 | (222653) | 251257 |
|  |  | 275376 | (2813138) | (2537762) | 1392306 | (2327637) | (935331) |
|  **Deferred income taxes recognized directly to equity** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net changes in fair value of equity investments at fair value through other comprehensive income |  | 58545 | (1982) | 56563 | 98582 | (18226) | 80356 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Remeasurements of defined benefit plans |  | 820 |  | 820 | 107322 |  | 107322 |
|  |  | 59365 | (1982) | 57383 | 205904 | (18226) | 187678 |
|  | W | 334741 | (2815120) | (2480379) | 1598210 | (2345863) | (747653) |

---

As of December 31, 2022, deductible temporary differences of W10,469,637 million related to impairment losses on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures were not recognized as deferred tax assets, because it is not probable they will reverse in the foreseeable future.

(f) The Company recognized current tax payable or receivable at the amount expected to be paid or received that
reflects uncertainly related to income taxes.

(g) The Company's vertical spin-off meets the requirements for
qualified spin-off under the Corporate Tax Act. Accordingly, transfer gains of W 8,452,339 million under the Corporate Tax Act were incurred for the asset and liabilities transferred to
the newly established company (POSCO), and the Company simultaneously set a Corporate Tax Act based provision for accelerated depreciation on the transfer gains and recognized deferred tax liabilities of W 2,284,103 million.
Deductible temporary differences related to the investment in newly established company (POSCO) which is caused by transfer gains under the Corporate Tax Act were not recognized as deferred tax assets, since it is not probable they will reverse
through disposal or liquidation. The effect of our estimation and accounting for the recoverability of temporary differences on the increase in corporate tax expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 is W 2,284,103 million.

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**36. Earnings Per Share** 

(a) Basic earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in Won, except share information)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Profit for the period | W | (467852286299) | 5181227349434 |
|  Interests of hybrid bonds, net of tax |  | (1078164383) | (6669999999) |
|  Weighted-average number |  | 75814870 | 75696150 |
|  of common shares outstanding(\*1) |  |  |  |
|  Basic earnings (losses) per share | W | (6185) | 68360 |

---

(\*1) The weighted-average number of common shares used to calculate basic earnings per share are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *(shares)* | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Total number of common shares issued | 84571230 | 87186835 |
|  Weighted-average number of treasury shares | (8756360) | (11490685) |
|  Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding | 75814870 | 75696150 |

---

(b) Diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in Won, except share information)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Profit for the period | W | (467852286299) | 5181227349434 |
|  Interests of hybrid bonds, net of tax |  | (1078164383) | (6669999999) |
|  Gain or loss from exchange rate on and revaluation of exchangeable bonds |  | (55751463819) | (63166690813) |
|  Adjusted weighted-average number of common shares(\*1) |  | 78906375 | 76688340 |
|  Diluted earnings(losses) per share | W | (6649) | 66651 |

---

(\*1) The weighted-average number of common shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(shares)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding |  | 75814870 |  | 75696150 |
|  Weighted-average number of potential common share |  | 3091505 |  | 992190 |
|  Adjusted weighted-average number of common shares |  | 78906375 |  | 76688340 |

---

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

The Company has potentially issuable common shares due to its exchangeable bonds and Stock Grant program as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. When considering the Stock Grant program, the issuable shares have an anti-dilution effect, the effect from the Stock Grant program was excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.

**37. Related Party Transactions** 

(a) Significant transactions with related companies for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as
follows:

1) For the year ended December 31, 2022

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Sales and others(\*1)** | **Sales and others(\*1)** | **Sales and others(\*1)** | **Sales and others(\*1)** | **Purchase and others(\*2)** | **Purchase and others(\*2)** | **Purchase and others(\*2)** | **Purchase and others(\*2)** |
|  | **Sales** | **Sales** | **Dividends** | **Others** | **Purchase<br>of material** | **Purchase of<br>fixed assets** | **Outsourced<br>processing cost** | **Others** |
|  **Subsidiaries(\*3)** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO | W | 87165 |  | 2 |  |  |  | 10446 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO.,LTD. |  | 7502 | 16555 | 7 |  | 80306 |  | 13086 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO STEELEON Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.) |  | 133743 |  | 215 |  |  | 7656 | 18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ICT(\*4) |  | 1760 | 4970 | 18 |  | 39932 | 10190 | 34724 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; eNtoB Corporation |  | 3 | 24 |  | 60649 | 9706 | 32 | 3453 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO CHEMICAL CO., LTD |  | 89535 | 13878 | 44 | 84301 | 4757 | 56325 | 908 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. |  | 4331 |  |  | 6682 |  |  | 3925 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO MOBILITY SOLUTION |  | 176534 |  |  |  |  | 8802 | 28 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  | 2102356 | 62093 |  | 244230 |  | 768 | 1049 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited |  | 49359 | 22867 |  |  |  |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Canada Ltd. |  |  |  |  | 77225 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. |  | 32584 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd. |  | 28790 |  |  | 835 |  |  | 16 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd. |  | 44840 |  | 513 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. |  | 102776 |  | 562 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited |  | 171806 |  | 1130 |  |  |  | 120 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO(Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  | 42320 |  |  |  |  |  | 15 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO VST CO., LTD. |  | 28475 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE LTD. |  |  |  | 179 | 379823 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY |  | 47335 |  | 537 |  |  |  | 8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 203869 | 2452 | 6574 | 61457 | 18844 | 53139 | 223222 |
|  |  | 3355083 | 122839 | 9781 | 915202 | 153545 | 136912 | 291019 |
|  **Associates and joint ventures(\*3)** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SNNC |  | 3242 | 5348 | 8 | 148239 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center |  | 25614 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd |  |  | 186813 |  | 210455 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 78048 | 209457 | 14704 | 14015 |  |  | 197 |
|  |  | 106904 | 401618 | 14712 | 372709 |  |  | 197 |
|  | W | 3461987 | 524457 | 24493 | 1287911 | 153545 | 136912 | 291216 |

---

(\*1) Sales and others mainly consist of sales of steel products (before spin-off), trademark usage income, rental income and dividend income to subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures.

(\*2) Purchases and others are mainly consist of subsidiaries' purchases of construction services and purchases of raw materials to manufacture steel products.

(\*3) As of December 31, 2022, the Company provided guarantees to related parties (Note 22).

(\*4) Others (purchase) mainly consist of service fees related to maintenance and repair of ERP System.

------

##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

2) For the year ended December 31, 2021

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Sales and others** | **Sales and others** | **Sales and others** | **Sales and others** | **Purchase and others** | **Purchase and others** | **Purchase and others** | **Purchase and others** |
|  | **Sales** | **Sales** | **Dividends** | **Others** | **Purchase<br>of<br>material** | **Purchase of**<br>**fixed assets** | **Outsourced<br>processing cost** | **Others** |
|  **Subsidiaries** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO.,LTD. | W | 5859 | 11037 | 76 |  | 491624 | 158 | 32328 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO STEELEON Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.) |  | 695451 | 1706 | 896 |  |  | 39014 | 627 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ICT |  | 1605 | 4970 | 26 |  | 324275 | 46037 | 181221 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; eNtoB Corporation |  | 14 |  |  | 381633 | 65254 | 115 | 25242 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO CHEMICAL CO., LTD |  | 318808 | 11208 | 20709 | 462013 | 14358 | 298431 | 3724 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. |  | 5207 |  | 1450 | 11271 |  |  | 26137 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO MOBILITY SOLUTION |  | 807925 |  |  |  |  | 45758 | 914 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  | 9750636 | 54331 |  | 1299561 |  | 988 | 8968 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited |  | 309295 |  |  |  |  |  | 69 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Canada Ltd. |  |  |  | 1372 | 202523 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Asia Co., Ltd. |  | 19142 |  | 426 | 417 |  |  | 1648 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. |  | 188470 |  | 8 |  |  |  | 83 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO JAPAN Co., Ltd. |  | 1613634 |  | 1 | 27937 | 1726 |  | 4894 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO-VIETNAM Co., Ltd. |  | 441758 |  | 975 |  |  |  | 46 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. |  | 460773 |  | 548 |  |  |  | 1494 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited |  | 899675 |  | 903 |  |  |  | 229 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO(Suzhou) Automotive Processing Center Co., Ltd. |  | 161808 |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO VST CO., LTD. |  | 201517 |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE LTD. |  |  |  | 1453 | 1704193 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY |  | 278749 |  | 734 | 8 |  |  | 24 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 1337458 | 49872 | 6289 | 220000 | 63116 | 276202 | 153677 |
|  |  | 17497784 | 133124 | 35866 | 4309556 | 960353 | 706703 | 441347 |
|  **Associates and joint ventures** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SNNC |  | 72797 | 2514 |  | 736441 |  |  | 107 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO-SAMSUNG-Slovakia Processing Center |  | 72342 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd |  |  | 418044 |  | 2338625 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 37410 | 63298 |  | 107637 |  |  | 49741 |
|  |  | 182549 | 483856 |  | 3182703 |  |  | 49848 |
|  | W | 17680333 | 616980 | 35866 | 7492259 | 960353 | 706703 | 491195 |

---

(b) The related account balances of significant transactions with related companies as of December 31, 2022
and 2021 are as follows:

1) December 31, 2022

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Receivables** | **Receivables** | **Receivables** | **Receivables** | **Payables** | **Payables** | **Payables** |
|  | **Trade accounts and<br>notes receivable** | **Trade accounts and<br>notes receivable** | **Others** | **Total** | **Accounts payable** | **Others** | **Total** |
|  **Subsidiaries** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO | W | 75343 | 6600 | 81943 | 5678 | 14663 | 20341 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO.,LTD. |  | 3808 | 660 | 4468 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO STEELEON Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.) |  | 818 |  | 818 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ICT |  | 687 |  | 687 | 859 | 705 | 1564 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; eNtoB Corporation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO CHEMICAL CO., LTD |  | 8550 |  | 8550 |  | 5086 | 5086 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. |  | 3400 | 462 | 3862 |  | 1593 | 1593 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO MOBILITY SOLUTION |  | 489 |  | 489 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  | 2002 |  | 2002 |  | 502 | 502 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. |  |  |  |  | 122 |  | 122 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited |  |  | 466 | 466 | 486 |  | 486 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY |  |  | 513 | 513 | 104 |  | 104 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PT. KRAKATAU POSCO |  |  | 8967 | 8967 | 391 |  | 391 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 1918 | 5618 | 7536 | 11874 | 3335 | 15209 |
|  |  | 97015 | 23286 | 120301 | 19514 | 25884 | 45398 |
|  **Associates and joint ventures** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SNNC |  | 94 |  | 94 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd |  | 23400 |  | 23400 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FQM Australia Holdings Pty Ltd |  |  | 202562 | 202562 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 190 | 761 | 951 | 74 |  | 74 |
|  |  | 23684 | 203323 | 227007 | 74 |  | 74 |
|  | W | 120699 | 226609 | 347308 | 19588 | 25884 | 45472 |

---

(\*1) FQM Australia Holdings Pty Ltd's other receivable consists of long-term loans. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company provided additional loan to its associates by W12,116 million.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

2) December 31, 2021

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Receivables** | **Receivables** | **Receivables** | **Receivables** | **Payables** | **Payables** | **Payables** | **Payables** |
|  | **Trade accounts and<br>notes receivable** | **Trade accounts and<br>notes receivable** | **Others** | **Total** | **Trade accounts and<br>notes payable** | **Accounts payable** | **Others** | **Total** |
|  **Subsidiaries** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION CO., LTD. | W | 5692 | 10 | 5702 |  | 97007 | 507 | 97514 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO STEELEON Co., Ltd. (formerly, POSCO COATED & COLOR STEEL Co., Ltd.) |  | 95001 |  | 95001 |  | 154 | 5082 | 5236 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ICT |  | 221 | 3 | 224 | 3736 | 155064 | 27562 | 186362 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; eNtoB Corporation |  |  |  |  | 1683 | 23851 |  | 25534 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO CHEMICAL CO., LTD |  | 35895 | 3664 | 39559 | 12969 | 57498 | 17990 | 88457 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD. |  | 1485 | 292 | 1777 |  | 6169 | 10066 | 16235 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO MOBILITY SOLUTION |  | 133608 |  | 133608 | 71 | 2232 | 5104 | 7407 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO INTERNATIONAL Corporation |  | 1279463 | 4 | 1279467 | 4831 | 483 | 502 | 5816 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Thainox Public Company Limited |  | 54804 |  | 54804 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Qingdao Pohang Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. |  | 35423 |  | 35423 |  | 83 |  | 83 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO MEXICO S.A. DE C.V. |  | 179428 | 251 | 179679 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO Maharashtra Steel Private Limited |  | 530693 | 1048 | 531741 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO INTERNATIONAL SINGAPORE PTE LTD. |  |  | 14 | 14 | 169565 | 90 |  | 169655 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; POSCO ASSAN TST STEEL INDUSTRY |  | 220481 | 951 | 221432 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PT. KRAKATAU POSCO |  | 1395 | 14750 | 16145 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 366857 | 7011 | 373868 | 22583 | 48274 | 84778 | 155635 |
|  |  | 2940446 | 27998 | 2968444 | 215438 | 390905 | 151591 | 757934 |
|  **Associates and joint ventures** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SNNC |  | 420 | 65 | 485 | 52396 |  |  | 52396 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Roy Hill Holdings Pty Ltd |  |  | 34356 | 34356 | 436774 |  |  | 436774 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; FQM Australia Holdings Pty Ltd |  |  | 181122 | 181122 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Others |  | 168167 | 15895 | 184062 | 5549 | 187 |  | 5736 |
|  |  | 168587 | 231438 | 400025 | 494719 | 187 |  | 494906 |
|  | W | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3109033 | 259436 | 3368469 | 710157 | 391092 | 151591 | 1252840 |

---

(\*1) During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company made a new loan of W181,122 million to FQM Australia Holdings Pty Ltd, an associate, and recognized it as a long-term loan.

(c) For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, details of compensation to key management officers were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  Short-term benefits | W | 46101 |  | 44317 |
|  Long-term benefits |  | 525 |  | 6104 |
|  Retirement benefits |  | 6508 |  | 14626 |
|  | W | 53134 |  | 65047 |

---

Key management officers include directors (including non-standing directors), executive officials and fellow officials who have significant influence and responsibilities in the Company's business and operations.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**38. Commitments and Contingencies** 

(a) Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities may develop in a way not initially expected. Therefore, management continuously assesses contingent liabilities to determine whether an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits has become probable. If it becomes probable that an outflow of future economic benefits will be required for an item previously dealt with as a contingent liability, a provision is recognized in the financial statements of the period in which the change in probability occurs (except in the extremely rare circumstances where no reliable estimate can be made).

The management makes estimates and assumptions that affect disclosures of commitments and contingencies. All estimates and assumptions are based on the evaluation of current circumstances and appraisals with the supports of internal specialists or external consultants.

The management regularly analyzes current information about these matters and provides for probable contingent losses including the estimate of legal expense to resolve the matters. Internal and external lawyers are used for these assessments. In making the decision regarding the need for provisions, management considers whether the Company has an obligation as a result of a past event, whether it is probable that an outflow or cash or other resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and the ability to make a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(b) Commitments

1) As of December 31, 2022, the Company entered into commitments with KOREA ENERGY AGENCY for long-term foreign currency borrowing, which is limited up to the amount of USD 4.12 million. The borrowing is related to the exploration of gas hydrates in Western Fergana-Chinabad. The repayment of the borrowing depends on the success of the project. The Company is not liable for the repayment of full or part of the money borrowed if the respective project fail. The Company has agreed to pay a certain portion of its profits under certain conditions, as defined by the borrowing agreements. As of December 31, 2022, the ending balance of the borrowing amounts to USD 1.02 million. 

2) The Company has provided a supplemental funding agreement, as the largest shareholder, as requested from the creditors, including Norddeutsche Landesbank, for seamless funding to the construction of new power plant by POSCO ENERGY CO., LTD.

3) The Company has deposited 3,128,714 treasury shares for exchange with the Korea Securities Depository in relation to foreign currency exchangeable bonds as of December 31, 2022.

(c) As of December 31, 2022, the Company has provided three blank checks to KOREA ENERGY AGENCY as collateral
for long-term foreign currency borrowings.

(d) Litigation in progress

The Company is involved in 2 lawsuits for compensatory damage amounted to W9.4 billion as defendant as of December 31, 2022. However, the Company has not recognized any provisions for the lawsuit since the Company does not believe it has a present obligation as of December 31, 2022.

(e) The Company is jointly liable for guarantees of indebtedness (including financial guarantee contracts) before
the spin-off date of POSCO.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**39.** **Statements of Cash Flows** 

(a) Changes in operating assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as
follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** |
|  Trade accounts and notes receivable, net | W | (504860) | (2317361) |
|  Other accounts receivable |  | 5745 | (289356) |
|  Accrued revenues |  | (14265) | 17294 |
|  Inventories |  | 354262 | (3522757) |
|  Prepaid expenses |  | (40853) | 367 |
|  Other current assets |  | (12493) | (13142) |
|  Long-term guarantee deposits |  | 22 | (182) |
|  Derivative assets |  | 5781 | 632 |
|  Other non-current assets |  | 129 | (27403) |
|  Trade accounts and notes payable |  | (417714) | 1192693 |
|  Other accounts payable |  | (87252) | 55248 |
|  Accrued expenses |  | (63648) | 70061 |
|  Advances received |  | (3226) | 4678 |
|  Withholdings |  | (5754) | 36282 |
|  Unearned revenue |  | (945) | 44490 |
|  Other current liabilities |  | (13798) | (37648) |
|  Derivative liabliities |  |  | 17136 |
|  Payments of severance benefits |  | (59329) | (144929) |
|  Plan assets |  | 50346 | (67250) |
|  Other non-current liabilities |  | (290) | 783 |
|  | W | (808142) | (4980364) |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(b) Changes in liabilities arising from financial activities for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
were as follows:

1) December 31, 2022

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** | |
|  | **Short-term<br>borrowings** | **Short-term<br>borrowings** | **Long-term<br>borrowings** | **Dividend<br>payable** | **Lease<br>liabilities** | **Long-term<br>financial<br>liabilities** | **Derivatives that<br>hedge long-term<br>borrowings** |
|  **Beginning** | W | 672303 | 7529829 | 3237 | 446575 | 12327 | (120056) |
|  Changes from financing cash flows |  | 304188 |  | (1136299) | (7493) | 15236 |  |
|  The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates |  | 8972 | 50633 |  | 2980 |  |  |
|  Changes in fair values |  |  | (85790) |  |  |  | (268) |
|  Other changes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Decrease in retained earnings |  |  |  | 1138107 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest expense |  |  | 1781 |  | 4 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Increase in lease assets |  |  |  |  | 217 |  |  |
|  Spin-off |  | (985463) | (6136866) | (1966) | (442283) | (1382) | 120324 |
|  **Ending** | W |  | 1359587 | 3079 |  | 26181 |  |

---

2) December 31, 2021

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** | |
|  | **Short-term<br>borrowings** | **Short-term<br>borrowings** | **Long-term<br>borrowings** | **Dividend<br>payable** | **Lease<br>liabilities** | **Long-term<br>financial<br>liabilities** | **Derivatives that<br>hedge long-term<br>borrowings** |
|  **Beginning** | W | 1029363 | 6725973 | 1854 | 312362 | 12249 | 127017 |
|  Changes from financing cash flows |  | (360489) | 641203 | (1257889) | (46756) | 78 | (9103) |
|  The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates |  | 3429 | 205810 |  | 17553 |  |  |
|  Changes in fair values |  |  | (54057) |  |  |  | (237970) |
|  Other changes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Decrease in retained earnings |  |  |  | 1259272 |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest expense |  |  | 10900 |  | 22 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Increase in lease assets |  |  |  |  | 163394 |  |  |
|  **Ending** | W | 672303 | 7529829 | 3237 | 446575 | 12327 | (120056) |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

**40. Spin-off** 

(a) On March 1, 2022, the Company executed the spin-off for the
purpose of production and sales of steel rolled products and plates, and established a new wholly owned subsidiary with the name of POSCO.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Details** |
| **Method** | Vertical Spin-off |
| **Related Entities** | POSCO HOLDINGS INC. (surviving company after the spin-off) |
|  | POSCO (newly established entity for the spin-off) |
| **Board of Directors date** | December 10, 2021 |
| **Approval of shareholders' meeting** | January 28, 2022 |
| **Effective spin-off date** | March 1, 2022 |

---

(b) Assets and liabilities transferred to the newly established company through spin-off and its value

Assets and liabilities were carried over to the newly established company as specified in the spin-off plan approved by the shareholders on January 28, 2022. Changes in assets and liabilities related to the division, which occur as a result of operations until the spin-off date, were adjusted.

(c) Accounting of spin-off

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;① Assets and liabilities transferred to the newly established company were measured at their carrying amount
prior to the spin-off.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;② Among the deferred tax assets (liabilities) related to the transferred assets and liabilities, only those items
that can be transferred under the Corporate Tax Act were transferred to the newly established company.

(d) Rights and obligations transferred to the newly established company

Active and passive assets, other rights and obligations including rights and obligations under public law, and factual relations with monetary value (including licensing, labor relations, contract relations, litigation and others), which are related to the business subject to divide, are carried over to the newly established company. Otherwise, it is carried over to the surviving company.

(e) Obligations of the Company as a result of the spin-off

Pursuant to Article 530-3(1) of the Commercial Code of the Republic of Korea, the spin-off shall be approved by the special resolution at the shareholders' meeting. The surviving company and the newly established company are jointly liable for the liabilities of the Company before the spin-off date under Article 530(9)(1) of the Commercial Code of the Republic of Korea.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**POSCO HOLDINGS INC.** 

**Notes to the Separate Financial Statements, Continued** 

**As of December 31, 2022 and 2021** 

------

(f) Details of assets and liabilities transferred to the newly established company as of the spin-off date are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *(in millions of Won)* | **March 1, 2022** | **March 1, 2022** |
|  **Assets** |  |  |
|  Cash and cash equivalents | W | 1910211 |
|  Trade accounts and notes receivable, net |  | 6469413 |
|  Other receivables, net |  | 477252 |
|  Other short-term financial assets |  | 3589789 |
|  Inventories |  | 7268929 |
|  Assets held for sale |  | 24250 |
|  Other current assets |  | 96266 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total current assets** |  | 19836110 |
|  Long-term trade accounts and notes receivable, net |  | 5374 |
|  Other receivables, net |  | 81731 |
|  Other long-term financial assets |  | 184487 |
|  Investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures |  | 236174 |
|  Investment property, net |  | 12933 |
|  Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 19409737 |
|  Intangible assets, net |  | 527400 |
|  Defined benefit assets, net |  | 98320 |
|  Other non-current assets |  | 34232 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total non-current assets** |  | 20590388 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total assets** | W | 40426498 |
|  **Liabilities** |  |  |
|  Trade accounts and notes payable | W | 2042473 |
|  Short-term borrowings and current installments of long-term borrowings |  | 2994566 |
|  Other payables |  | 956789 |
|  Other short-term financial liabilities |  | 3534 |
|  Provisions |  | 70000 |
|  Other current liabilities |  | 126904 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total current liabilities** |  | 6194266 |
|  Long-term borrowings, excluding current installments |  | 4127763 |
|  Other payables |  | 395278 |
|  Long-term provisions |  | 37505 |
|  Deferred tax liabilities |  | 26926 |
|  Other non-current liabilities |  | 3698 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total non-current liabilities** |  | 4591170 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total liabilities** |  | 10785436 |
|  **Equity** |  |  |
|  Hybrid bonds |  | 199384 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total equity** |  | 199384 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total liabilities and equity** | W | 10984820 |
|  **Net assets transferred** |  |  |
|  **(Investment in subsidiary)** | W | 29441678 |

---

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
<u>Notice to Readers</u> 

This report is annexed in relation to the audit of the separate financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and the audit of internal accounting control system pursuant to Article 8-7 of the Act on External Audit for Joint-stock Companies of the Republic of Korea.

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##### [**Table of Contents**](#toc)
**<u>Independent Auditors' Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting</u>**

<u>English Translation of a Report Originally Issued in Korean</u> 

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

POSCO HOLDINGS INC.:

**Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting** 

We have audited POSCO HOLDINGS INC.'s (the "Company") internal control over financial reporting ("ICFR") as of December 31, 2022 based on the criteria established in the Conceptual Framework for Designing and Operating ICFR ("ICFR Design and Operation Framework") issued by the Operating Committee of Internal Control over Financial Reporting in the Republic of Korea (the "ICFR Committee").

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on ICFR Design and Operation Framework.

We also have audited, in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing ("KSAs"), the separate financial statements of the Company, which comprise the separate statements of financial position as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the separate statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and notes, comprising significant accounting policies and other explanatory information, and our report dated March 9, 2023 expressed an unmodified opinion on those separate financial statements.

**Basis for Opinion** 

We conducted our audit in accordance with KSAs. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Internal Control over Financial Reporting section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the internal control over financial reporting in Republic of Korea, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

**Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Internal Control over Financial Reporting** 

The Company's management is responsible for designing, operating and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report on Operating Status of Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

**Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Internal Control over Financial Reporting** 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with KSAs. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

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Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk.

**Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting** 

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards ("K-IFRS"). A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with K-IFRS, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditors' report is Yang Ki Jung.

Seoul, Korea

March 9, 2023

This report is effective as of March 9, 2023, the audit report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances, which may occur between the audit report date and the time of reading this report, could have a material impact on the internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, the readers of the audit report should understand that the above audit report has not been updated to reflect the impact of such subsequent events or circumstances, if any.

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**<u>Report on Operating Status of Internal Control over Financial Reporting</u>**

<u>English Translation of a Report Originally Issued in Korean</u> 

To the Shareholders. Board of Directors and Audit Committee of POSCO HOLDINGS

We, as the Chief Executive Officer and the Internal Control Officer of the Company, assessed operating status of the Company's Internal Control over Financial Reporting(" lCFR") for the year ending December 31, 2022.

Design and operation of lCFR is the responsibility of the Company's management. including the Chief Executive Officer and the Internal Control Officer (collectively, "We").

We evaluated whether the Company effectively designed and operated its ICFR to prevent and detect errors or frauds which may cause a misstatement in financial statements to ensure preparation and disclosure of reliable financial information.

We used the' Guidelines for Internal Control over Financial Reporting'for evaluating design and operation of the Company's lCFR, established by the Operating Committee of Internal Control over Financial Reporting in Korea (the"ICFR Committee").

Based on our assessment, we concluded that the Company's ICFR is designed and operated effectively as of December 31, 2022. in all material respects, in accordance with the'Guidelines for Internal Control over Financial Reporting'.

We certify that this report does not contain any untrue statement of a fact, or omit to state a fact necessary to be presented herein. We also certify that this report does not contain or present any statements which might cause material misunderstandings of the readers, and we have reviewed and verified this report with sufficient care.

*January 27, 2023*![LOGO](g469094g00h01.jpg)

Chon. Jung-Son, Chief Executive Officer

![LOGO](g469094g00h02.jpg)

Kim, Seung-Jun, Internal Control Officer