# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001657642
**File Stem:** 0001437749-23-008206
**Filing Date:** 2023-3
**Character Count:** 439743
**Document Hash:** 2773977079869b332a37b507b12ce4a1
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001437749-23-008206.hdr.sgml**: 20230328

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001437749-23-008206

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 122

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20221231

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230328

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230328

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Skyline Bankshares, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001657642
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** STATE COMMERCIAL BANKS [6022]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 475486027
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** VA
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-209052
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23770108

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 101 JACKSONVILLE CIRCLE
- **CITY:** FLOYD
- **STATE:** VA
- **ZIP:** 24091
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 540-745-4191

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 101 JACKSONVILLE CIRCLE
- **CITY:** FLOYD
- **STATE:** VA
- **ZIP:** 24091

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Parkway Acquisition Corp.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20151104

pkkw20221231_10k.htm

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-K**

**☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

**☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number: 333-209052

**SKYLINE BANKSHARES, INC.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Virginia**<br> (State or other jurisdiction<br> of incorporation or organization) | **47-5486027**<br> (I.R.S. Employer<br> Identification No.) |
| **101 Jacksonville Circle**<br> **Floyd, Virginia**<br> (Address of principal executive offices) | **24091**<br> (Zip Code) |

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**(540) 745-4191**

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading<br> Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange<br> on which registered |

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer ☑ | Smaller reporting company ☑ |
|  | Emerging growth company ☐ |

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicated by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. **$64,203,200**

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. **5,607,416 shares of Common Stock as of March 27, 2023**

**DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE**

None

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**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Page Number** |
| **Part I** |  |  |
| Item 1. | Business | 1 |
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 13 |
| Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 21 |
| Item 2. | Properties | 21 |
| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 21 |
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 21 |
| **Part II** |  |  |
| Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 22 |
| Item 6. | [Reserved] | 23 |
| Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 24 |
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 46 |
| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 46 |
| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 98 |
| Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 98 |
| Item 9B. | Other Information | 99 |
| Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 99 |
| **Part III** |  |  |
| Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 99 |
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 104 |
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 110 |
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 112 |
| Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 113 |
| **Part IV** |  |  |
| Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 114 |
| Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 115 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i

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**<u>PART I</u>**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 1.** | **Business.** |

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***General***

Skyline Bankshares, Inc. (formerly Parkway Acquisition Corp.) (the "Company"), is a bank holding company headquartered in Floyd, Virginia. The Company offers a wide range of retail and commercial banking services through its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Skyline National Bank (the "Bank"). On January 1, 2023, the Company changed its name from Parkway Acquisition Corp. to Skyline Bankshares, Inc. to align its brand across the entire organization.

The Company was incorporated as a Virginia corporation on November 2, 2015. The Company was formed as a business combination shell company for the purpose of completing a business combination transaction between Grayson Bankshares, Inc. ("Grayson") and Cardinal Bankshares Corporation ("Cardinal"). On November 6, 2015, Grayson, Cardinal and the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which Grayson and Cardinal merged with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving corporation (the "Cardinal merger"). The merger agreement established exchange ratios under which each share of Grayson common stock was converted to the right to receive 1.76 shares of common stock of the Company, while each share of Cardinal common stock was converted to the right to receive 1.30 shares of common stock of the Company. The exchange ratios resulted in Grayson shareholders receiving approximately 60% of the newly issued shares of the Company and Cardinal shareholders receiving approximately 40% of the newly issued shares of the Company. The Cardinal merger was completed on July 1, 2016. Grayson was considered the acquiror and Cardinal was considered the acquiree in the transaction for accounting purposes. Upon completion of the Cardinal merger, the Bank of Floyd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cardinal, was merged with and into the Bank (formerly Grayson National Bank), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Grayson. Effective March 13, 2017, the Bank changed its name to Skyline National Bank.

On March 1, 2018, the Company entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which the Company acquired Great State Bank ("Great State"), based in Wilkesboro, North Carolina. The agreement provided for the merger of Great State with and into the Bank, with the Bank as the surviving bank (the "Great State merger"). The transaction closed and the merger became effective on July 1, 2018. Each share of Great State common stock was converted into the right to receive 1.21 shares of the Company's common stock. The Company issued 1,191,899 shares and recognized $15.5 million in surplus in the Great State merger. The Company was considered the acquiror and Great State was considered the acquiree in the transaction for accounting purposes.

The Bank was organized under the laws of the United States in 1900 and now serves the Virginia counties of Grayson, Floyd, Carroll, Wythe, Pulaski, Montgomery and Roanoke, and the North Carolina counties of Alleghany, Ashe, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Cleveland, Davie, Watauga, Wilkes, and Yadkin, and the surrounding areas through twenty five full-service banking offices. As a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") insured national banking association, the Bank is subject to regulation by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the "OCC") and the FDIC. The Company is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve").

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***Lending Activities***

The Bank's lending services include real estate, commercial, agricultural, and consumer loans. The loan portfolio constituted 83.53% of the interest earning assets of the Bank at December 31, 2022, and has historically produced the highest interest rate spread above the cost of funds. The Bank's loan personnel have the authority to extend credit under guidelines established and approved by the Bank's Board of Directors. The Officers Loan Committee has the authority to approve loans from $1.5 million up to $2.5 million of total indebtedness to a single customer. The Directors' Loan Committee has the authority to approve loans from $2.5 million up to $4.0 million of total indebtedness to a single customer. All loans in excess $4.0 million must be presented to the full Board of Directors of the Bank for ultimate approval or denial.

The Bank has in the past and intends to continue to make most types of real estate loans, including, but not limited to, single and multi-family housing, farm loans, residential and commercial construction loans, and loans for commercial real estate. At December 31, 2022, the Bank had 47.49% of the loan portfolio in single and multi-family housing, 34.93% in non-farm, non-residential real estate loans, 3.14% in farm related real estate loans, and 6.59% in real estate construction and development loans.

The Bank's loan portfolio includes commercial and agricultural production loans totaling 5.23% of the portfolio at December 31, 2022. Consumer and other loans make up approximately 2.62% of the total loan portfolio. Consumer loans include loans for household expenditures, car loans, and other loans to individuals. While this category has historically experienced a greater percentage of charge-offs than the other classifications, the Bank is committed to continue to make this type of loan to fulfill the needs of the Bank's customer base.

All loans in the Bank's portfolio are subject to risk from the state of the economy in the Bank's service area and also that of the nation. The Bank has used and continues to use conservative loan-to-value ratios and thorough credit evaluation to lessen the risk on all types of loans. The use of conservative appraisals has also reduced exposure on real estate loans. Thorough credit checks and evaluation of past internal credit history has helped reduce the amount of risk related to consumer loans. Government guarantees of loans are used when appropriate, but apply to a minimal percentage of the portfolio. Commercial loans are evaluated by collateral value and ability to service debt. Businesses seeking loans must have a good product line and sales, responsible management, and demonstrated cash flows sufficient to service the debt.

***Investments***

The Bank invests a portion of its assets in U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agency, and U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprise securities, state, county and local obligations, corporate and equity securities. The Bank's investment portfolio is managed in relation to loan demand and deposit growth, and are generally used to provide for the investment of excess funds at reduced yields and risks relative to increases in loan demand or to offset fluctuations in deposits.

***Deposit Activities***

Deposits are the major source of funds for lending and other investment activities. The Bank considers the majority of its regular savings, demand, NOW, money market deposits, individual retirement accounts and certificates of deposit in denominations of $250,000 or less to be core deposits. These accounts comprised approximately 94.86% of the Bank's total deposits at December 31, 2022. Certificates of deposit in excess of the FDIC insured limit of $250,000 represented the remaining 5.14% of deposits at December 31, 2022.

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***Market Area***

The Bank's primary market area consists of:

● all of Grayson County, Virginia

● all of Floyd County, Virginia

● all of Carroll County, Virginia

● all of Wythe County, Virginia

● all of Pulaski County, Virginia

● all of Montgomery County, Virginia

● portions of Roanoke County, Virginia

● all of Alleghany County, North Carolina

● all of Ashe County, North Carolina

● all of Burke County, North Carolina

● all of Caldwell County, North Carolina

● all of Catawba County, North Carolina

● all of Cleveland County, North Carolina

● all of Davie County, North Carolina

● all of Watauga County, North Carolina

● all of Wilkes County, North Carolina

● all of Yadkin County, North Carolina

● the City of Galax, Virginia

● the City of Radford, Virginia

● the City of Salem, Virginia

● the City of Roanoke, Virginia

Grayson, Carroll, Alleghany, Ashe, Wilkes, and Yadkin Counties, as well as the City of Galax, are rural in nature and employment in these areas was once dominated by furniture and textile manufacturing. As those industries have declined, employment has shifted to healthcare, retail and service, light manufacturing, tourism, and agriculture. Median household income in these markets ranged from a low of $35,184 in the City of Galax, to a high of $46,954 in Yadkin County, based upon 2020 census data. Montgomery, Pulaski, Floyd, Wythe, Burke, Davie, Caldwell, Catawba, Cleveland and Watauga counties, as well as the City of Radford, while largely rural, are more economically diverse. Montgomery County is home to Virginia Tech, Watauga County is home to Appalachian State University, the City of Radford is home to Radford University, and community colleges are located in both Wythe County and Pulaski County. The university presence has led to the development of several technology related companies in the region. Manufacturing, agriculture, tourism, retail, healthcare and service industries are also prevalent in these markets. The increased economic diversity of these markets is reflected in the median household incomes which range from a low of $34,576 in the City of Radford, to a high of $62,028 in Davie County, according to the 2020 census data. The Bank has a lesser presence in Roanoke County and the Cities of Roanoke and Salem where median household incomes ranged from a low of $45,664 in Roanoke City, to a high of $70,076 in Roanoke County, based on 2020 census data.

***Competition***

The Bank encounters strong competition both in making loans and attracting deposits. The deregulation of the banking industry and the widespread enactment of state laws that permit multi-bank holding companies as well as an increasing level of interstate banking have created a highly competitive environment for commercial banking. In one or more aspects of its business, the Bank competes with other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, brokerage and investment banking companies, and other financial intermediaries, as well as marketplace lenders and other financial technology firms. Many of these competitors have substantially greater resources and lending limits and may offer certain services that the Bank does not currently provide. In addition, many of the Bank's competitors are not subject to the same extensive federal regulations that govern bank holding companies and federally insured banks. Recent federal and state legislation has heightened the competitive environment in which financial institutions must conduct their business, and the potential for competition among financial institutions of all types has increased significantly.

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To compete, the Bank relies upon specialized services, responsive handling of customer needs, and personal contacts by its officers, directors, and staff. Large multi-state banking competitors tend to compete primarily by rate and the number and location of branches, while smaller, independent financial institutions tend to compete primarily by rate and personal service.

***Employees***

At December 31, 2022, the Company had 227 total employees representing 223 full time equivalents, none of whom are represented by a union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. The Company's management considers employee relations to be good.

***Internet Site***

The Company maintains an internet website at www.skylinenationalbank.bank. Shareholders of the Company and the public may access, free of charge, the Company's periodic and current reports (including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports) filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), through the "Investor Relations" section of the Company's website. The reports are made available on this website as soon as practicable following the filing of the reports with the SEC. The information is free of charge and may be reviewed, downloaded and printed from the website at any time.

***Government Supervision and Regulation***

The Company and the Bank are extensively regulated under federal and state law. The following information describes certain aspects of that regulation applicable to the Company and the Bank and does not purport to be complete. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the banking industry are frequently raised in U.S. Congress, in state legislatures, and before the various bank regulatory agencies. The likelihood and timing of any changes and the impact such changes might have on the Company and the Bank are impossible to determine with any certainty. A change in applicable laws or regulations, or a change in the way such laws or regulations are interpreted by regulatory agencies or courts, may have a material impact on the business, operations, and earnings of the Company and the Bank.

*Skyline Bankshares, Inc. (Formerly Known as Parkway Acquisition Corp*.)

The Company is a bank holding company ("BHC") within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the "BHC Act"), and is registered as such with the Federal Reserve. As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to supervision, regulation and examination by the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and is required to file various reports and additional information with the Federal Reserve. The Company is also registered under the bank holding company laws of Virginia and is subject to supervision, regulation and examination by the Virginia State Corporation Commission (the "SCC").

*Skyline National Bank*

The Bank is a federally chartered national bank. It is subject to federal regulation by the OCC and the FDIC.

The OCC conducts regular examinations of the Bank, reviewing such matters as the adequacy of loan loss reserves, quality of loans and investments, management practices, compliance with laws, and other aspects of its operations. In addition to these regular examinations, the Bank must furnish the OCC with periodic reports containing a full and accurate statement of its affairs. Supervision, regulation and examination of banks by these agencies are intended primarily for the protection of depositors rather than shareholders.

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The regulations of the OCC, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve govern most aspects of the Company's and the Bank's business, including deposit reserve requirements, investments, loans, certain check clearing activities, issuance of securities, payment of dividends, branching, deposit interest rate ceilings, and numerous other matters. The OCC, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve have adopted guidelines and released interpretative materials that establish operational and managerial standards to promote the safe and sound operation of banks and bank holding companies. These standards relate to the institution's key operating functions, including but not limited to capital management, internal controls, internal audit system, information systems and data and cybersecurity, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure and risk management, vendor management, executive management and its compensation, asset growth, asset quality, earnings, liquidity and risk management.

*Dodd-Frank Act*

On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act"). The Dodd-Frank Act significantly restructured the financial regulatory regime in the United States and continues to have a broad impact on the financial services industry as a result of the significant regulatory and compliance changes required under the act. While significant rulemaking under the Dodd-Frank Act has occurred, certain of the act's provisions require additional rulemaking by the federal bank regulatory agencies. The Dodd-Frank Act has increased our operations and compliance costs in the short-term; however, the ultimate impact of the Dodd-Frank Act remains dependent on the regulatory environment and future regulatory rulemaking and interpretations.

In May 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the "Economic Growth Act"), was enacted to modify or remove certain regulatory financial reform rules and regulations, including some of those implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act. While the Economic Growth Act maintains most of the regulatory structure established by the Dodd-Frank Act, it amends certain aspects of the regulatory framework for small depository institutions with assets of less than $10 billion, such as the Bank, and for large banks with assets of more than $50 billion.

Among other matters, the Economic Growth Act expands the definition of qualified mortgages which may be held by a financial institution with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion, exempts community banks from the Volcker Rule, and includes additional regulatory relief regarding regulatory examination cycles, call reports, mortgage disclosures and risk weights for certain high-risk commercial real estate loans.

In addition, the Economic Growth Act simplifies the regulatory capital rules for financial institutions and their holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion by instructing the federal banking regulators to establish a single "Community Bank Leverage Ratio" ("CBLR") of between 8 and 10 percent. On September 17, 2019, the FDIC finalized a rule that introduced the CBLR framework for community banks with a Tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 9 percent, less than $10 billion in total assets, and limited amounts of off-balance sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. The Economic Growth Act also expands the category of holding companies that may rely on the "Small Bank Holding Company and Savings and Loan Holding Company Policy Statement" (the "HC Policy Statement") by raising the maximum amount of assets a qualifying holding company may have from $1 billion to $3 billion. This expansion also excludes such holding companies from the minimum capital requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act.

*Deposit Insurance*

The deposits of the Bank are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund ("DIF") up to applicable limits and are subject to FDIC deposit insurance assessments to maintain the DIF.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the "FDIA"), as amended by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act and the Dodd-Frank Act, requires the FDIC to set a ratio of deposit insurance reserves to estimated insured deposits of at least 1.35%. The FDIC uses a risk-based system to calculate assessment rates and revised its methodology in April 2016 to calculate assessment rates for banks with under $10 billion in assets based upon certain financial measures of the bank and its supervisory ratings. Initial base assessment rates currently range from 5 to 32 basis points, subject to a decrease for certain unsecured debt. Progressively lower assessment rate schedules will take effect once the reserve ratio reaches 2.0% or greater and again once the reserve ratio reaches 2.5% or greater.

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*Capital Requirements*

The Federal Reserve, the OCC and the FDIC have issued substantially similar risk-based and leverage capital guidelines applicable to banks and bank holding companies. In addition, those regulatory agencies may from time to time require that a banking organization maintain capital above the minimum levels because of its financial condition or actual or anticipated growth. Pursuant to the HC Policy Statement, qualifying bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $3 billion, such as the Company, are not subject to consolidated regulatory capital requirements.

Federal banking regulators have adopted rules effective January 1, 2015, to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rules required the Bank to comply with the following minimum capital ratios: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% of risk-weighted assets; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8% of risk-weighted assets; and (iv) a leverage ratio of 4% of total assets. As fully phased in effective January 1, 2019, these rules require the Bank to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% "capital conservation buffer" (which is added to the 4.5% common equity Tier 1 ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%), (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% Tier 1 capital ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%), (iii) a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5%), and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets.

The capital conservation buffer requirement has been phased in beginning January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, increasing by the same amount each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall.

The rules also revised the prompt corrective action framework, which is designed to place restrictions on insured depository institutions if their capital levels begin to show signs of weakness. Under the prompt corrective action requirements, which are designed to complement the capital conservation buffer, insured depository institutions are required to meet the following capital level requirements in order to qualify as "well capitalized:" a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%; a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8%; a total capital ratio of 10%; and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5%.

Based on management's understanding and interpretation of the capital rules, it believes that, as of December 31, 2022, the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements under such rules on a fully phased-in basis.

In December 2017, the Basel Committee published standards that it described as the finalization of the Basel III post-crisis regulatory reforms (the standards are commonly referred to as "Basel IV"). Among other things, these standards revise the Basel Committee's standardized approach for credit risk (including by recalibrating risk weights and introducing new capital requirements for certain "unconditionally cancellable commitments," such as unused credit card lines of credit) and provide a new standardized approach for operational risk capital. Under the proposed framework, these standards will generally be effective on January 1, 2023, with an aggregate output floor phasing-in through January 1, 2027. Under the current capital rules, operational risk capital requirements and a capital floor apply only to advanced approaches institutions, and not to the Company. The impact of Basel IV on the Company and the Bank will depend on the manner in which it is implemented by the federal bank regulatory agencies.

As directed by the Economic Growth Act, on September 17, 2019, the FDIC finalized a rule that introduces an optional simplified measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banking organizations (i.e., the community bank leverage ratio ("CBLR") framework). The CBLR framework is designed to reduce burden by removing the requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the framework.

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In order to qualify for the CBLR framework, a community banking organization must have a Tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 9.00%, less than $10.0 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. A qualifying community banking organization that opts into the CBLR framework and meets all requirements under the framework will be considered to have met the "well-capitalized" ratio requirements under the prompt corrective action regulations and will not be required to report or calculated risk-based capital.

The CBLR framework was available for banks to use in their December 31, 2022, Call Report. At this time the Company has elected not to opt into the CLBR framework for the Bank, but may opt into the CBLR framework in the future.

*Dividends*

The Company's ability to distribute cash dividends depends primarily on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to it. The Company is a legal entity, separate and distinct from its subsidiaries. A significant portion of the Company's revenues result from dividends paid to it by the Bank. There are various legal limitations applicable to the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company and to the payment of dividends by the Company to its shareholders. As a national bank, the Bank is subject to certain restrictions on its reserves and capital imposed by federal banking statutes and regulations. Under OCC regulations, a national bank may not declare a dividend in excess of its undivided profits. Additionally, a national bank may not declare a dividend if the total amount of all dividends, including the proposed dividend, declared by the national bank in any calendar year exceeds the total of the national bank's retained net income of that year to date, combined with its retained net income of the two preceding years, unless the dividend is approved by the OCC. A national bank may not declare or pay any dividend if, after making the dividend, the national bank would be "undercapitalized," as defined in regulations of the OCC.

In addition, under the current supervisory practices of the Federal Reserve, the Company should inform and consult with its regulators reasonably in advance of declaring or paying a dividend that exceeds earnings for the period (e.g., quarter) for which the dividend is being paid or that could result in a material adverse change to the Company's capital structure.

*Permitted Activities*

As a bank holding company, the Company is limited to managing or controlling banks, furnishing services to or performing services for its subsidiaries, and engaging in other activities that the Federal Reserve determines by regulation or order to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. In determining whether a particular activity is permissible, the Federal Reserve must consider whether the performance of such an activity reasonably can be expected to produce benefits to the public that outweigh possible adverse effects. Possible benefits include greater convenience, increased competition, and gains in efficiency. Possible adverse effects include undue concentration of resources, decreased or unfair competition, conflicts of interest, and unsound banking practices. Despite prior approval, the Federal Reserve may order a bank holding company or its subsidiaries to terminate any activity or to terminate ownership or control of any subsidiary when the Federal Reserve has reasonable cause to believe that a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of any bank subsidiary of that bank holding company may result from such an activity.

*Banking Acquisitions; Changes in Control*

The BHC Act requires, among other things, the prior approval of the Federal Reserve in any case where a bank holding company proposes to (i) acquire direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the outstanding voting stock of any bank or bank holding company (unless it already owns a majority of such voting shares), (ii) acquire all or substantially all of the assets of another bank or bank holding company, or (iii) merge or consolidate with any other bank holding company. In determining whether to approve a proposed bank acquisition, the Federal Reserve will consider, among other factors, the effect of the acquisition on competition, the public benefits expected to be received from the acquisition, the projected capital ratios and levels on a post-acquisition basis, and the acquiring institution's performance under the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (the "CRA") and its compliance with fair housing and other consumer protection laws.

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Subject to certain exceptions, the BHC Act and the Change in Bank Control Act, together with the applicable regulations, require Federal Reserve approval (or, depending on the circumstances, no notice of disapproval) prior to any person or company acquiring "control" of a bank or bank holding company. A conclusive presumption of control exists if an individual or company acquires the power, directly or indirectly, to direct the management or policies of an insured depository institution or to vote 25% or more of any class of voting securities of any insured depository institution. A rebuttable presumption of control exists if a person or company acquires 10% or more but less than 25% of any class of voting securities of an insured depository institution and either the institution has registered its securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") or no other person will own a greater percentage of that class of voting securities immediately after the acquisition. The Company's common stock currently is not registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.

In addition, Virginia law requires the prior approval of the SCC for (i) the acquisition of more than 5% of the voting shares of a Virginia bank or any holding company that controls a Virginia bank, or (ii) the acquisition by a Virginia bank holding company of a bank or its holding company domiciled outside Virginia.

*Source of Strength*

Federal Reserve policy has historically required bank holding companies to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to their subsidiary banks. The Dodd-Frank Act codified this policy as a statutory requirement. Under this requirement, the Company is expected to commit resources to support the Bank, including at times when the Company may not be in a financial position to provide such resources. Any capital loans by a bank holding company to any of its subsidiary banks are subordinate in right of payment to depositors and to certain other indebtedness of such subsidiary banks. In the event of a bank holding company's bankruptcy, any commitment by the bank holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment.

*Safety and Soundness*

There are a number of obligations and restrictions imposed on bank holding companies and their subsidiary banks by law and regulatory policy that are designed to minimize potential loss to the depositors of such depository institutions and the FDIC insurance fund in the event of a depository institution default. For example, under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, to avoid receivership of an insured depository institution subsidiary, a bank holding company is required to guarantee the compliance of any subsidiary bank that may become "undercapitalized" with the terms of any capital restoration plan filed by such subsidiary with its appropriate federal bank regulatory agency up to the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 5% of the institution's total assets at the time the institution became undercapitalized or (ii) the amount that is necessary (or would have been necessary) to bring the institution into compliance with all applicable capital standards as of the time the institution fails to comply with such capital restoration plan.

Under the FDIA, the federal bank regulatory agencies have adopted guidelines prescribing safety and soundness standards. These guidelines establish general standards relating to internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth and compensation, fees and benefits. In general, the guidelines require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risk and exposures specified in the guidelines.

*The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act*

Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 ("FDICIA"), the federal bank regulatory agencies possess broad powers to take prompt corrective action to resolve problems of insured depository institutions. The extent of these powers depends upon whether the institution is "well capitalized," "adequately capitalized," "undercapitalized," "significantly undercapitalized," or "critically undercapitalized," as defined by the law.

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Reflecting changes under the Basel III capital requirements, the relevant capital measures that became effective on January 1, 2015 for prompt corrective action are the total capital ratio, the common equity Tier 1 capital ratio, the Tier 1 capital ratio and the leverage ratio. A bank will be (i) "well capitalized" if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, and a leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater, and is not subject to any capital directive order; (ii) "adequately capitalized" if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater, and a leverage ratio of 4.0% or greater and is not "well capitalized"; (iii) "undercapitalized" if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 8.0%, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio less than 4.5%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0% or a leverage ratio of less than 4.0%; (iv) "significantly undercapitalized" if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio less than 3.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0% or a leverage ratio of less than 3.0%; and (v) "critically undercapitalized" if the institution's tangible equity is equal to or less than 2.0% of average quarterly tangible assets. An institution may be downgraded to, or deemed to be in, a capital category that is lower than indicated by its capital ratios if it is determined to be in an unsafe or unsound condition or if it receives an unsatisfactory examination rating with respect to certain matters. A bank's capital category is determined solely for the purpose of applying prompt corrective action regulations, and the capital category may not constitute an accurate representation of the bank's overall financial condition or prospects for other purposes. Management believes, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company met the requirements for being classified as "well capitalized."

As discussed under "Capital Requirements" above, federal banking regulators have issued a final rule that permits qualifying banks that have less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets to elect to be subject to a 9% "community bank leverage ratio," in which case a bank that has chosen such proposed framework would be considered to have met the capital ratio requirements to be "well capitalized" under prompt corrective action rules, provided it has a community bank leverage ratio greater than 9%.

As required by FDICIA, the federal bank regulatory agencies also have adopted guidelines prescribing safety and soundness standards relating to, among other things, internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, and interest rate exposure. In general, the guidelines require appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risks and exposures specified in the guidelines. In addition, the agencies adopted regulations that authorize, but do not require, an institution which has been notified that it is not in compliance with safety and soundness standard to submit a compliance plan. If, after being so notified, an institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan, the agency must issue an order directing action to correct the deficiency and may issue an order directing other actions of the types to which an undercapitalized institution is subject under the prompt corrective action provisions described above.

*Branching*

The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994, as amended (the "Interstate Banking Act"), generally permits well capitalized bank holding companies to acquire banks in any state, and preempts all state laws restricting the ownership by a bank holding company of banks in more than one state. The Interstate Banking Act also permits a bank to merge with an out-of-state bank and convert any offices into branches of the resulting bank if both states have not opted out of interstate branching; and permits a bank to acquire branches from an out-of-state bank if the law of the state where the branches are located permits the interstate branch acquisition. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, a bank holding company or bank must be well capitalized and well managed to engage in an interstate acquisition. Bank holding companies and banks are required to obtain prior Federal Reserve approval to acquire more than 5% of a class of voting securities, or substantially all of the assets, of a bank holding company, bank or savings association. The Interstate Banking Act and the Dodd-Frank Act permit banks to establish and operate de novo interstate branches to the same extent a bank chartered by the host state may establish branches.

*Transactions with Affiliates*

Pursuant to Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation W, the authority of the Bank to engage in transactions with related parties or "affiliates" or to make loans to insiders is limited. Loan transactions with an affiliate generally must be collateralized and certain transactions between the Bank and its affiliates, including the sale of assets, the payment of money or the provision of services, must be on terms and conditions that are substantially the same, or at least as favorable to the Bank, as those prevailing for comparable nonaffiliated transactions. In addition, the Bank generally may not purchase securities issued or underwritten by affiliates.

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Loans to executive officers, directors or to any person who directly or indirectly, or acting through or in concert with one or more persons, owns, controls or has the power to vote more than 10% of any class of voting securities of a bank (a "10% Shareholders"), are subject to Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and their corresponding regulations (Regulation O) and Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act relating to the prohibition on personal loans to executives (which exempts financial institutions in compliance with the insider lending restrictions of Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act). Among other things, these loans must be made on terms substantially the same as those prevailing on transactions made to unaffiliated individuals and certain extensions of credit to those persons must first be approved in advance by a disinterested majority of the entire board of directors. Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act prohibits loans to any of those individuals where the aggregate amount exceeds an amount equal to 15% of an institution's unimpaired capital and surplus plus an additional 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus in the case of loans that are fully secured by readily marketable collateral, or when the aggregate amount on all of the extensions of credit outstanding to all of these persons would exceed the Bank's unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus. Section 22(g) of the Federal Reserve Act identifies limited circumstances in which the Bank is permitted to extend credit to executive officers.

*Consumer Financial Protection*

The Company is subject to a number of federal and state consumer protection laws that extensively govern its relationship with its customers. These laws include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Service Members Civil Relief Act, laws governing flood insurance, federal and state laws prohibiting unfair and deceptive business practices, foreclosure laws, and various regulations that implement some or all of the foregoing. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits, making loans, collecting loans and providing other services. If the Company fails to comply with these laws and regulations, it may be subject to various penalties. Failure to comply with consumer protection requirements may also result in failure to obtain any required bank regulatory approval for merger or acquisition transactions the Company may wish to pursue or being prohibited from engaging in such transactions even if approval is not required.

The Dodd-Frank Act centralized responsibility for consumer financial protection by creating a new agency, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB"), and giving it responsibility for implementing, examining, and enforcing compliance with federal consumer protection laws. The CFPB focuses on (i) risks to consumers and compliance with the federal consumer financial laws, (ii) the markets in which firms operate and risks to consumers posed by activities in those markets, (iii) depository institutions that offer a wide variety of consumer financial products and services, and (iv) non-depository companies that offer one or more consumer financial products or services. The CFPB has broad rule making authority for a wide range of consumer financial laws that apply to all banks, including, among other things, the authority to prohibit "unfair, deceptive or abusive" acts and practices. Abusive acts or practices are defined as those that materially interfere with a consumer's ability to understand a term or condition of a consumer financial product or service or take unreasonable advantage of a consumer's (i) lack of financial savvy, (ii) inability to protect himself in the selection or use of consumer financial products or services, or (iii) reasonable reliance on a covered entity to act in the consumer's interests. The CFPB can issue cease-and-desist orders against banks and other entities that violate consumer financial laws. The CFPB may also institute a civil action against an entity in violation of federal consumer financial law in order to impose a civil penalty or injunction.

*Community Reinvestment Act*

The CRA requires the appropriate federal banking agency, in connection with its examination of a bank, to assess the bank's record in meeting the credit needs of the communities served by the bank, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. Furthermore, such assessment is also required of banks that have applied, among other things, to merge or consolidate with or acquire the assets or assume the liabilities of an insured depository institution, or to open or relocate a branch. In the case of a BHC applying for approval to acquire a bank or BHC, the record of each subsidiary bank of the applicant BHC is subject to assessment in considering the application. Under the CRA, institutions are assigned a rating of "outstanding," "satisfactory," "needs to improve," or "substantial non-compliance." The Company was rated "outstanding" in its most recent CRA evaluation.

In May 2022, the federal bank regulatory agencies jointly issued a proposed rule intended to strengthen and modernize the CRA regulatory framework. If implemented, the rule would, among other things, (i) expand access to credit, investment and basic banking services in low- and moderate-income communities, (ii) adapt to changes in the banking industry, including internet and mobile banking, (iii) provide greater clarity, consistency and transparency in the application of the regulations and (iv) tailor performance standards to account for differences in bank size, business model, and local conditions.

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*Anti-Money Laundering Laws and Regulations*

The Bank is subject to several federal laws that are designed to combat money laundering, terrorist financing, and transactions with persons, companies or foreign governments designated by U.S. authorities ("AML laws"). This category of laws includes the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986, the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, and the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020. The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, the most sweeping anti-money laundering legislation in 20 years, requires various federal agencies to promulgate regulations implementing a number of its provisions.

The AML laws and their implementing regulations require insured depository institutions, broker-dealers, and certain other financial institutions to have policies, procedures, and controls to detect, prevent, and report money laundering and terrorist financing. The AML laws and their regulations also provide for information sharing, subject to conditions, between federal law enforcement agencies and financial institutions, as well as among financial institutions, for counter-terrorism purposes. Federal banking regulators are required, when reviewing bank holding company acquisition and bank merger applications, to take into account the effectiveness of the anti-money laundering activities of the applicants. To comply with these obligations, the Company has implemented appropriate internal practices, procedures, and controls.

*Privacy Legislation*

Several recent laws, including the Right to Financial Privacy Act, and related regulations issued by the federal bank regulatory agencies, also provide new protections against the transfer and use of customer information by financial institutions. A financial institution must provide to its customers information regarding its policies and procedures with respect to the handling of customers' personal information. Each institution must conduct an internal risk assessment of its ability to protect customer information. These privacy provisions generally prohibit a financial institution from providing a customer's personal financial information to unaffiliated parties without prior notice and approval from the customer.

*Incentive Compensation*

In June 2010, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued comprehensive final guidance on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of financial institutions do not undermine the safety and soundness of such institutions by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The Interagency Guidance on Sound Incentive Compensation Policies, which covers all employees that have the ability to materially affect the risk profile of a financial institutions, either individually or as part of a group, is based upon the key principles that a financial institution's incentive compensation arrangements should (i) provide incentives that do not encourage risk-taking beyond the institution's ability to effectively identify and manage risks, (ii) be compatible with effective internal controls and risk management, and (iii) be supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective oversight by the financial institution's board of directors.

The OCC will review, as part of the regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of financial institutions, such as the Bank, that are not "large, complex banking organizations." These reviews will be tailored to each financial institution based on the scope and complexity of the institution's activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. The findings of the supervisory initiatives will be included in reports of examination. Deficiencies will be incorporated into the institution's supervisory ratings, which can affect the institution's ability to make acquisitions and take other actions. Enforcement actions may be taken against a financial institution if its incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk-management control or governance processes, pose a risk to the institution's safety and soundness and the financial institution is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies. At December 31, 2022, the Company had not been made aware of any instances of non-compliance with the final guidance.

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*Cybersecurity*

The federal banking agencies have adopted guidelines for establishing information security standards and cybersecurity programs for implementing safeguards under the supervision of a financial institution's board of directors. These guidelines, along with related regulatory materials, increasingly focus on risk management and processes related to information technology and the use of third parties in the provision of financial products and services. The federal banking agencies expect financial institutions to establish lines of defense and ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, and also expect financial institutions to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the institution's operations after a cyber-attack. If the Bank fails to meet the expectations set forth in this regulatory guidance, it could be subject to various regulatory actions and any remediation efforts may require significant resources of the Bank. In addition, all federal and state bank regulatory agencies continue to increase focus on cybersecurity programs and risks as part of regular supervisory exams.

In November 2021, the federal banking agencies approved a final rule that, among other things, requires banking organizations to notify their primary regulator within 36 hours of becoming aware of a "computer-security incident" that rises to the level of a "notification incident." The rule also requires bank service providers to notify their banking organization customers as soon as possible after becoming aware of similar incidents.

*Effect of Governmental Monetary Policies*

The Company's operations are affected not only by general economic conditions, but also by the policies of various regulatory authorities. In particular, the Federal Reserve regulates money and credit conditions and interest rates to influence general economic conditions. These policies have a significant impact on overall growth and distribution of loans, investments and deposits; they affect interest rates charged on loans or paid for time and savings deposits. Federal Reserve monetary policies have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks, including the Company, in the past and are expected to do so in the future. As a result, it is difficult for the Company to predict the potential effects of possible changes in monetary policies upon its future operating results.

*CARES Act*

On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security ("CARES") Act into law. The CARES Act established several new temporary U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") loan programs to assist U.S. small businesses through the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the new loan programs is the Small Business Paycheck Protection Program ("SBA-PPP"), an expansion of the SBA's 7(a) loan program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program. Many of the provisions of the CARES Act, including the availability of PPP loans, were renewed or extended by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act on December 21, 2020.

The SBA-PPP provides loans to small businesses who were affected by economic conditions as a result of COVID-19 to provide cash-flow assistance to employers who maintain their payroll (including healthcare and certain related expenses), mortgage interest, rent, leases, utilities and interest on existing debt during this emergency. Eligible borrowers need to make a good faith certification that the uncertainty of current economic conditions make requesting assistance necessary to support ongoing operations. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 1106 of the CARES Act, borrowers may apply to the Bank for loan forgiveness of all or a portion of the loan, subject to certain eligibility requirements and conditions. The Bank is an SBA lender and began accepting applications under the CARES Act via its online application process on April 3, 2020. As of December 31, 2022, the Bank had outstanding seven SBA-PPP loans totaling $71 thousand.

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| **Item 1A.** | **Risk Factors.** |

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**Risks Related to Macroeconomic and Political Conditions**

*We may be adversely affected by economic conditions in our market area.*

We are located in southwestern Virginia and northwestern North Carolina, and our local economy is heavily influenced by the furniture and textile industries, both of which have been in decline in recent years. Further changes in the economy may influence the growth rate of our loans and deposits, the quality of the loan portfolio and loan and deposit pricing. Higher unemployment rates may lead to future increases in past-due and nonperforming loans thus having a negative impact on the earnings of the Bank. An additional, significant decline in general economic conditions caused by inflation, recession, unemployment or other factors beyond our control, would impact these local economic conditions and the demand for banking products and services generally, which could negatively affect our financial condition and performance.

*We may be adversely impacted by changes in market conditions.*

We are directly and indirectly affected by fluctuations in market conditions, which are subject to rapid or unpredictable change. Market risk generally represents the risk that values of assets and liabilities or revenues will be adversely affected by changes in market conditions. As a financial institution, market risk is inherent in the financial instruments associated with our operations and activities, including loans, deposits, securities, short-term borrowings, long-term debt and trading account assets and liabilities. A few of the market conditions that may shift from time to time, thereby exposing us to market risk, include fluctuations in interest rates, inflation, equity and futures prices, and price deterioration or changes in value due to changes in market perception or actual credit quality of issuers. Our investment securities portfolio, in particular, may be impacted by market conditions beyond our control, including rating agency downgrades of the securities, defaults of the issuers of the securities, lack of market pricing of the securities, and inactivity or instability in the credit markets, and changes in market interest rates. Any changes in these conditions, in current accounting principles or interpretations of these principles could have negative impacts on our investment securities portfolio, including on our returns, unrealized gains or unrealized losses, or our assessment of fair value and thus the determination of other-than-temporary impairment, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our net interest income or our results of operations.

*The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and measures intended to prevent its spread may adversely affect our business, financial condition and operations.*

Global health and economic concerns relating to the COVID-19 outbreak and government actions taken to reduce the spread of the virus have significantly disrupted the macroeconomic environment in the United States, and the outbreak significantly increased economic uncertainty. Although the domestic and global economies have largely recovered from the COVID-19 pandemic as many health and safety restrictions have been lifted and vaccine distribution has increased, certain adverse consequences of the pandemic continue to impact the macroeconomic environment and may persist for some time, including labor shortages and disruptions of global supply chains. The growth in economic activity and in the demand for goods and services, coupled with labor shortages and supply chain disruptions, has also contributed to rising inflationary pressures and the risk of recession. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic could have long-lasting impacts on consumer behavior and business practices, including on remote work and business travel.

The extent to which the pandemic impacts our business, liquidity, financial condition and operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, if and when the virus can be fully controlled and abated and the extent of its lasting impacts on economic and operating conditions. The impact of the removal of most pandemic related economic stimulus programs is also unknown. To the extent any of the foregoing risks or other factors that develop as a result of COVID-19 and related economic consequences materialize, it could exacerbate the risk factors discussed above, or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business, liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

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*As a participating lender in SBA-PPP loans, the Company and the Bank are subject to additional risks regarding the Bank*'*s processing of SBA-PPP loans and risks that the SBA may not fund some or all SBA-PPP loan guarantees.*

On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the CARES Act, which included a $349 billion loan program administered through the SBA referred to as SBA-PPP. Under the SBA-PPP, small businesses and other entities and individuals can apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. The Bank participated as a lender in the SBA-PPP. The SBA-PPP opened on April 3, 2020; however, because of the short timeframe between the passing of the CARES Act and the opening of the SBA-PPP, there is some ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the operation of the SBA-PPP, which exposes us to potential risks relating to noncompliance with the SBA-PPP. Since then, the SBA and the U.S. Department of Treasury have provided additional guidance and clarity on the SBA-PPP through the issuance of over 20 interim final rules implementing the SBA-PPP. On or about April 16, 2020, the SBA notified lenders that the $349 billion earmarked for the SBA-PPP was exhausted. The SBA-PPP was then expanded by the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act in late April 2020, adding an additional $310 billion in funding while the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act made certain changes to the SBA-PPP, by allowing for more time to spend the funds, and making it easier to get a loan fully forgiven. Many of the provisions of the CARES Act, including the availability of SBA-PPP loans, were renewed or extended by the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act on December 21, 2020. As of December 31, 2022, we had seven SBA-PPP loans outstanding with an outstanding principal balance of $79 thousand, less unearned net fees of $8 thousand.

Since the initiation of the SBA-PPP, several larger banks have been subject to litigation regarding the protocols and procedures that they used in processing applications for the SBA-PPP. We may be exposed to the risk of similar litigation, from both customers and non-customers that approached us regarding the SBA-PPP loans, regarding our policies and procedures used in processing applications for the SBA-PPP. If any such litigation is filed against the Company or the Bank and is not resolved in a manner favorable to us, it could result in financial liability or adversely affect our reputation. In addition, litigation can be costly regardless of outcome. Any financial liability, litigation costs or reputation damage caused by SBA-PPP related litigation could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

**Risks Related to Credit Risks**

*Our concentration in loans secured by real estate may increase our credit losses, which would negatively affect our financial results.*

We offer a variety of secured loans, including commercial lines of credit, commercial term loans, real estate, construction, home equity, consumer and other loans. Many of our loans are secured by real estate (both residential and commercial) in our market area. At December 31, 2022, the Company had $695.6 million of such loans outstanding, or 92.15% of its total loans. A major change in the real estate market, such as deterioration in the value of this collateral, or in the local or national economy, could adversely affect our customers' ability to pay these loans, which in turn could impact us. Risk of loan defaults and foreclosures are unavoidable in the banking industry, and we try to limit our exposure to this risk by monitoring our extensions of credit carefully. We cannot fully eliminate credit risk, and as a result credit losses may occur in the future.

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*Should our loan quality deteriorate, and our allowance for loan losses becomes inadequate, our results of operations may be adversely affected.*

Our earnings are significantly affected by our ability to properly originate, underwrite and service loans. In addition, we maintain an allowance for loan losses that we believe is a reasonable estimate of known and inherent losses within our loan portfolio. We could sustain losses if we incorrectly assess the creditworthiness of our borrowers or fail to detect or respond to deterioration in asset quality in a timely manner. Through a periodic review and consideration of the loan portfolio, management determines the amount of the allowance for loan losses by considering general market conditions, credit quality of the loan portfolio, the collateral supporting the loans and performance of customers relative to their financial obligations.

The amount of future loan losses will be influenced by changes in economic, operating and other conditions, including changes in interest rates, which may be beyond our control, and these losses may exceed current estimates. Although we believe the allowance for loan losses is a reasonable estimate of known and inherent losses in the loan portfolio, we cannot precisely predict such losses or be certain that the loan loss allowance will be adequate in the future. While the risk of nonpayment is inherent in banking, we could experience greater nonpayment levels than we anticipate. Further deterioration in the quality of our loan portfolio could cause our interest income and net interest margin to decrease and our provisions for loan losses to increase further, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Federal and state regulators periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require us to increase our provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of management. Any increase in the amount of the provision or loans charged-off as required by these regulatory agencies could have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition.

*Our small-to-medium sized business target market may have fewer financial resources to weather a downturn in the economy.*

We target our business development and marketing strategy primarily to serve the banking and financial services needs of small and medium sized businesses. These businesses generally have less capital or borrowing capacity than larger entities. If general economic conditions adversely affect this major economic sector in our markets, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

**Risks Related to Liquidity and Interest Rate Risk**

*Our ability to maintain adequate sources of liquidity may be negatively impacted by the economic environment which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.*

In managing our consolidated balance sheet, we depend on cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, loan and investment security payments, core deposits, lines of credit with correspondent banks and lines of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank to provide sufficient liquidity to meet our commitments and business needs, and to accommodate the transaction and cash management needs of clients. Deposit levels may be affected by a number of factors, including interest rates paid by competitors, general interest rate levels, returns available to customers on alternative investments, changes in the liquidity needs of our depositors and general economic conditions that affect savings levels and the amount of liquidity in the economy, including government stimulus efforts in response to economic crises. If market interest rates rise or our competitors raise the rates they pay on deposits, our funding costs may increase, either because we raise our rates to avoid losing deposits or because we lose deposits and must rely on more expensive sources of funding. Further, the availability of these funding sources is highly dependent upon the perception of the liquidity and creditworthiness of the financial institution, and such perception can change quickly in response to market conditions or circumstances unique to a particular company. Any event that limits our access to these sources, such as a decline in the confidence of debt purchasers, or our depositors or counterparties, may adversely affect our liquidity, financial position, and results of operations.

*We may incur losses if we are unable to successfully manage interest rate risk.*

Our profitability will depend in substantial part upon the spread between the interest rates earned on investments and loans and interest rates paid on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, will affect our operating performance and financial condition in diverse ways including the pricing of securities, loans and deposits and the volume of loan originations in our mortgage-origination office. We attempt to minimize our exposure to interest rate risk, but we will be unable to eliminate it. Our net interest spread will depend on many factors that are partly or entirely outside our control, including competition, federal economic, monetary and fiscal policies, and economic conditions generally.

In addition, changes in interest rates may negatively affect both the returns on and market value of our investment securities. As we experienced due to rising interest rates in 2022, interest rate changes can reduce unrealized gains or increase unrealized losses in our portfolio and thereby negatively impact our accumulated other comprehensive income and equity levels. Further, such losses could be realized into earnings should liquidity and/or business strategy necessitate the sales of securities in a loss position. Additionally, actual investment income and cash flows from investment securities that carry prepayment risk, such as mortgage-backed securities and callable securities, may materially differ from those anticipated at the time of investment or subsequently as a result of changes in interest rates and market conditions. These occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our net interest income or our results of operations.

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**Risks Related to Our Business and Industry**

*Our future success is dependent on our ability to compete effectively in the highly competitive banking industry.*

We face vigorous competition from other banks and other financial institutions, including savings and loan associations, savings banks, finance companies and credit unions for deposits, loans and other financial services in our market area. A number of these banks and other financial institutions are significantly larger than we are and have substantially greater access to capital and other resources, as well as larger lending limits and branch systems, and offer a wider array of banking services. In addition, credit unions have been able to increasingly expand their membership definition and, because they enjoy a favorable tax status, may be able to offer more attractive loan and deposit pricing. To a limited extent, we also compete with other providers of financial services, such as money market mutual funds, brokerage firms, consumer finance companies, marketplace lenders and other financial technology firms, insurance companies and governmental organizations which may offer more favorable financing than we can. Many of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations that govern us. As a result, these non-bank competitors have advantages over us in providing certain services. This competition may reduce or limit our margins and our market share and may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

*Our ability to operate profitably may be dependent on our ability to implement various technologies into our operations.*

The market for financial services, including banking and consumer finance services, is increasingly affected by advances in technology, including developments in telecommunications, data processing, computers, automation, online banking and tele-banking. The pace of technological change has increased in the "fintech" environment, in which industry-changing technology-driven products and services are often introduced and adopted, including innovative ways that customers can make payments, access products, and manage accounts. Our ability to compete successfully in our market may depend on the extent to which we are able to exploit such technological changes. If we are not able to afford such technologies, properly or timely anticipate or implement such technologies, or effectively train our staff to use such technologies, our business, financial condition or operating results could be adversely affected.

*Consumers may decide not to use banks to complete their financial transactions*.***

Technology and other changes are allowing parties to complete financial transactions through alternative methods that historically have involved banks. The activity and prominence of so-called marketplace lenders and other technological financial service companies have grown significantly over recent years and are expected to continue growing. In addition, consumers can now maintain funds that would have historically been held as bank deposits in brokerage accounts, mutual funds or general-purpose reloadable prepaid cards. Consumers can also complete transactions, such as paying bills and/or transferring funds directly without the assistance of banks. The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as "disintermediation," could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. If we are unable to address the competitive pressures that we face, we could lose market share, which could result in reduced net revenue and profitability and lower returns. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost of deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

*Our exposure to operational risk may adversely affect our business.*

We are exposed to many types of operational risk, including reputational risk, legal and compliance risk, the risk of fraud or theft by employees or outsiders, unauthorized transactions by employees or operational errors, including clerical or record-keeping errors or those resulting from faulty or disabled computer or telecommunications systems. Reputational risk, or the risk to our earnings and capital from negative public opinion, could result from our actual alleged conduct in any number of activities, including lending practices, corporate governance, regulatory compliance or the occurrence of any of the events or instances mentioned below, or from actions taken by government regulators or community organizations in response to that conduct. Negative public opinion could also result from adverse news or publicity that impairs the reputation of the financial services industry generally.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 16

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Further, if any of our financial, accounting, or other data processing systems fail or have other significant shortcomings, we could be adversely affected. We depend on internal systems and outsourced technology to support these data storage and processing operations. Our inability to use or access these information systems at critical points in time could unfavorably impact the timeliness and efficiency of our business operations. We could be adversely affected if one of our employees causes a significant operational break-down or failure, either as a result of human error or where an individual purposefully sabotages or fraudulently manipulates our operations or systems. We are also at risk of the impact of business disruptions resulting from natural disasters, pandemic, terrorism and international hostilities, including effects on our workforce or systems or for the effects of outages or other failures involving power or communications systems operated by others.

Misconduct by employees could include fraudulent, improper or unauthorized activities on behalf of clients or improper use of confidential information. We may not be able to prevent employee errors or misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect this type of activity might not be effective in all cases. Employee errors or misconduct could subject us to civil claims for negligence or regulatory enforcement actions, including fines and restrictions on our business. In addition, there have been instances where financial institutions have been victims of fraudulent activity in which criminals pose as customers to initiate wire and automated clearinghouse transactions out of customer accounts. Although we have policies and procedures in place to verify the authenticity of our customers, we cannot assure that such policies and procedures will prevent all fraudulent transfers. Such activity can result in financial liability and harm to our reputation.

If any of the foregoing risks materialize, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

*Natural disasters, severe weather events, acts of war or terrorism, pandemics or endemics, climate change and other external events could significantly impact our business.*

Natural disasters, including severe weather events of increasing strength and frequency due to climate change, acts of war or terrorism, pandemics or endemics and other adverse external events could have a significant adverse impact on business operations of the Company, third parties who perform operational services for the Company or the Company's borrowers and customers. Such events could affect the stability of the Company's deposit base, create economic or market uncertainty, negatively impact consumer confidence, impair the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding loans, impair the value of collateral securing loans, cause significant property damage, result in lost revenue or cause the Company to incur additional expenses. Although the Company's management has established disaster recovery policies and procedures, the occurrence of any such event could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

*Our operations depend upon third party vendors that perform services for us.*

We are reliant upon certain external vendors to provide products and services necessary to maintain our day-to-day operations, including data processing and interchange and transmission services for the ATM network. Accordingly, our success depends on the services provided by these vendors, and our operations are exposed to risk that these vendors will not perform in accordance with the contracted service agreements. Although we maintain a system of policies and procedures designed to monitor and mitigate vendor risks, the failure of an external vendor to perform in accordance with the contracted arrangements under service agreements could disrupt our operations, which could have a material adverse impact on our business and, in turn, our financial condition and results of operations.

*Our operations may be adversely affected by cybersecurity risks.*

In the ordinary course of business, we collect and store sensitive data, including proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our customers and employees, in systems and on networks. The secure processing, maintenance and use of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. We have invested in accepted technologies and review processes and practices that are designed to protect our networks, computers and data from damage or unauthorized access. Despite these security measures, our computer systems and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. The Bank has experienced fraudulent online banking enrollments to gain access to home equity lines of credit in the past. Risks and exposures related to cybersecurity attacks are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these threats, as well as due to the expanding use of Internet banking, mobile banking and other technology-based products and services by the Bank and its customers. A breach of any kind could compromise systems and the information stored there could be accessed, damaged or disclosed. A breach in security could result in legal claims, regulatory penalties, reimbursement of fraudulent transfers, disruption in operations and damage to our reputation, which could adversely affect our business.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 17

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*Our inability to successfully manage growth or implement our growth strategy may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.*

A key aspect of our long-term business strategy is our continued growth and expansion. We may not be able to successfully implement this strategy if we are unable to identify attractive expansion locations or opportunities in the future. In addition, our successful implementation and management of growth will be contingent upon whether we can maintain appropriate levels of capital to support our growth, maintain control over expenses, maintain adequate asset quality, attract talented bankers and successfully integrate into the organization any branches or businesses acquired. As we continue to implement our growth strategy, we expect to incur increased personnel, occupancy and other operating expenses. In many cases, our expenses will increase prior to the income we expect to generate from the growth. For instance, in the case of new branches, we must absorb these expenses prior to or as we begin to generate new deposits, and there is a further time lag involved in redeploying the new deposits into attractively priced loans and other higher yielding earning assets. Thus, our plans to branch or expand loan or mortgage operations could depress earnings in the short run, even if we are able to efficiently execute our strategy.

In addition, our business strategy involves branch expansion in North Carolina, with several branches opening in new markets in western North Carolina in 2020 and 2022. The banking business in western North Carolina is competitive, and the level of competition may increase further. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully compete in this competitive market, or that we will be able to successfully manage additional growth in western North Carolina. Because of our limited participation in these new markets, there may be unexpected challenges and difficulties that could adversely affect our operations.

**Risks Related to the Regulatory Environment**

*An inability to maintain our regulatory capital position could adversely affect our operations.*

As of December 31, 2022, the Bank was classified as "well capitalized" for regulatory capital purposes. If we do not maintain the expected levels of regulatory capital in the future, it could increase the regulatory scrutiny on the Company and the Bank, and the OCC could establish individual minimum capital ratios or take other regulatory actions against us. Further, if the Bank were no longer "well capitalized" for regulatory capital purposes, it would not be able to offer interest rates on deposit accounts that are significantly higher than the average rates in its market area. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to increase deposits. If we are not able to attract new deposits, our ability to fund our loan portfolio may be adversely affected. In addition, the Bank is subject to a capital conservation buffer designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum capital requirements but below the conservation buffer will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. We also could be required to pay higher insurance premiums to the FDIC if our capital position declines, which would reduce our earnings. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial condition.

*Our profitability may suffer because of rapid and unpredictable changes in the highly regulated environment in which we operate.*

We are subject to extensive supervision by several governmental regulatory agencies at the federal and state levels. Recently enacted, proposed and future banking legislation and regulations have had, and will continue to have, a significant impact on the financial services industry. These regulations, which are intended to protect depositors and not our shareholders, and the interpretation and application of them by federal and state regulators, are beyond our control, may change rapidly and unpredictably and can be expected to influence our earnings and growth. Our success depends on our continued ability to comply with these regulations.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 18

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*We are subject to stringent capital requirements, which could adversely affect our results of operations and future growth.*

In 2013, the Federal Reserve, the FDIC and the OCC approved a new rule that substantially amended the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to us. The final rule implemented the "Basel III" regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rule included new minimum risk-based capital and leverage ratios that became effective for us on January 1, 2015, and refined the definition of what constitutes "capital" for purposes of calculating these ratios. These minimum capital requirements are: (i) a new common equity Tier 1 ("CET1") capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 6%; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8%; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. The final rule also established a "capital conservation buffer" of 2.5% above the new regulatory minimum capital ratios, and when fully effective on January 1, 2019, resulted in the following minimum ratios: (a) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%; (b) a Tier 1 to risk-based assets capital ratio of 8.5%; and (c) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations will establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that can be utilized for such activities. In addition, the final rule provides for a number of new deductions from and adjustments to capital and prescribes a revised approach for risk weightings that could result in higher risk weights for a variety of asset categories.

While the Economic Growth Act provided some relief through the establishment of a simplified leverage capital framework for smaller banks, these more stringent capital requirements for us could, among other things, result in lower returns on equity, require the raising of additional capital, adversely affect our future growth opportunities, and result in regulatory actions such as a prohibition on the payment of dividends or on the repurchase shares if we were unable to comply with such requirements.

*Government measures to regulate the financial industry could materially affect our businesses, financial condition or results of operations.*

As a financial institution, we are heavily regulated at the state and federal levels. Banking regulations generally are intended to protect depositors, not investors, and regulators have broad interpretive and enforcement powers beyond our control that may change rapidly and unpredictably and could influence our earnings and growth. Our success depends on our continued ability to comply with these regulations. Future changes in the laws or regulations or their interpretations or enforcement could be materially adverse to us and our shareholders.

Further, as a result of the financial crisis and related global economic downturn that began in 2008, we have faced, and expect to continue to face, increased public and legislative scrutiny as well as stricter and more comprehensive regulation of our financial services practices. In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act was signed into law and has increased our compliance costs in the short term. We expect that financial institutions will remain heavily regulated in the near future and that additional laws or regulations may be adopted further regulating specific banking practices. The ultimate impact of current or future legislation on our businesses and results of operations, will depend on regulatory interpretation and rulemaking, as well as the success of our actions to mitigate the negative earnings impact of certain provisions.

*The Bank may be required to transition from the use of the London Interbank Offered Rate (*"*LIBOR*"*) index in the future.*

The Bank has certain variable-rate loans indexed to LIBOR to calculate the loan interest rate. In 2017, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority announced that after 2021 it would no longer compel banks to submit the rates required to calculate LIBOR. In November 2020, the administrator of LIBOR announced it will consult on its intention to extend the retirement date of certain offered rates whereby the publication of the one-week and two-month LIBOR offered rates will cease after December 31, 2021, but the publication of the remaining LIBOR offered rates will continue until June 30, 2023. Given consumer protection, litigation, and reputation risks, federal bank regulators have indicated that entering into new contracts that use LIBOR as a reference rate after December 31, 2021 would create safety and soundness risks and that they will examine bank practices accordingly. Therefore, the agencies encouraged banks to cease entering into new contracts that use LIBOR as a reference rate as soon as practicable and in any event by December 31, 2021. Regulators, industry groups, and certain committees (e.g., the Alternative Reference Rates Committee) have, among other things, published recommended fall-back language for LIBOR-linked financial instruments, identified recommended alternatives for certain LIBOR rates (e.g., SOFR, as the recommended alternative to U.S. Dollar LIBOR), and proposed implementations of the recommended alternatives in floating rate instruments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 19

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The Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act (the "LIBOR Act"), enacted in March 2022, provides a statutory framework to replace LIBOR with a benchmark rate based on SOFR for contracts governed by U.S. law that have no or ineffective fallbacks. Although governmental authorities have endeavored to facilitate an orderly discontinuation of LIBOR, no assurance can be provided that this aim will be achieved or that the use, level, and volatility of LIBOR or other interest rates or the value of LIBOR-based securities will not be adversely affected. For example, SOFR is a relatively new reference rate, has a very limited history, and differs fundamentally from U.S. Dollar LIBOR. SOFR is a broad U.S. Treasury repo financing rate that represents overnight secured funding transactions, whereas U.S. Dollar LIBOR is an unsecured rate that represents interbank funding over different maturities. As a result, there can be no assurance that SOFR will perform in the same way as U.S. Dollar LIBOR would have done at any time, and there is no guarantee that it is a comparable substitute for U.S. Dollar LIBOR.

The transition to alternative reference rate for new contracts, or the implementation of a substitute index or indices for the calculation of interest rates under the Bank's existing loan agreements with borrowers or other financial arrangements, could change the Bank's market risk profile, interest margin, interest spread and pricing models, may cause the Bank to incur significant expenses in effecting the transition, may result in reduced loan balances if borrowers do not accept a substitute index or indices, and may result in disputes or litigation with customers or other counter-parties over the appropriateness or comparability to LIBOR of the substitute index or indices, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Bank's results of operations.

*Changes in accounting standards could impact reported earnings and capital.*

The authorities that promulgate accounting standards, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB"), the SEC, and other regulatory authorities, periodically change the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements. These changes are difficult to predict and can materially impact how the Company records and reports its financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, the Company could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in the restatement of financial statements for prior periods. Such changes could also impact the capital levels of the Company and the Bank, or require the Company to incur additional personnel or technology costs. Most notably, new guidance on the calculation of credit reserves using current expected credit losses, referred to as CECL, was finalized in June, 2016. The CECL model will estimate lifetime "expected credit losses" and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the financial assets. The CECL framework is expected to result in earlier recognition of credit losses and is expected to be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of the Company's loan portfolio, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts. The Company will initially apply the impact of the new guidance through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption, which, for the Company, is January 1, 2023. Future adjustments to credit loss expectations will be recorded through the income statement as charges or credits to earnings. The Company has substantially completed its CECL model and continues to make enhancements to its estimate of expected credit losses as of January 1, 2023 based on internal analysis and consultations with third-party vendors. At this time the company expects its allowance for loan losses will decrease to $6.1 million upon adoption compared to its allowance for loan losses of $6.3 million at December 31, 2022. In addition, the Company expects to recognize a liability for unfunded commitments of approximately $286 thousand upon adoption. The impact of the initial adoption will be reflected in the Company's financial statements included in its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2023.

*Increasing scrutiny and evolving expectations from customers, regulators, investors, and other stakeholders with respect to environmental, social and governance (*"*ESG*"*) practices may impose additional costs on the Company or expose it to new or additional risks.*

Companies are facing increasing scrutiny from customers, regulators, investors, and other stakeholders related to ESG practices and disclosure. Investor advocacy groups, investment funds, and influential investors are also increasingly focused on these practices, especially as they relate to climate risk, hiring practices, the diversity of the work force, and racial and social justice issues. Increased ESG related compliance costs could result in increases to the Company's overall operational costs. Failure to adapt to or comply with regulatory requirements or investor or stakeholder expectations and standards could negatively impact the Company's reputation, ability to do business with certain partners, and the Company's stock price. New government regulations could also result in new or more stringent forms of ESG oversight and expanding mandatory and voluntary reporting, diligence, and disclosure.

*Climate change and related legislative and regulatory initiatives may result in operational changes and expenditures that could significantly impact the Company*'*s business.*

The current and anticipated effects of climate change are creating an increasing level of concern for the state of the global environment. As a result, political and social attention to the issue of climate change has increased. Federal and state legislatures and regulatory agencies have continued to propose and advance numerous legislative and regulatory initiatives seeking to mitigate the effects of climate change. The federal banking agencies have emphasized that climate-related risks are faced by banking organizations of all types and sizes and are in the process of enhancing supervisory expectations regarding banks' risk management practices. In December 2021, the OCC published proposed principles for climate risk management by banking organizations with more than $100 billion in assets. The OCC also has appointed its first ever Climate Change Risk Officer and established an internal climate risk implementation committee in order to assist with these initiatives and to support the agency's efforts to enhance its supervision of climate change risk management. Similar and even more expansive initiatives are expected, including potentially increasing supervisory expectations with respect to banks' risk management practices, accounting for the effects of climate change in stress testing scenarios and systemic risk assessments, revising expectations for credit portfolio concentrations based on climate-related factors and encouraging investment by banks in climate-related initiatives and lending to communities disproportionately impacted by the effects of climate change. To the extent that these initiatives lead to the promulgation of new regulations or supervisory guidance applicable to the Company, the Company would likely experience increased compliance costs and other compliance-related risks.

The lack of empirical data surrounding the credit and other financial risks posed by climate change render it impossible to predict how specifically climate change may impact the Company's financial condition and results of operations; however, the physical effects of climate change may also directly impact the Company. Specifically, unpredictable and more frequent weather disasters may adversely impact the value of real property securing the loans in the Bank's loan portfolio. Additionally, if insurance obtained by borrowers is insufficient to cover any losses sustained to the collateral, or if insurance coverage is otherwise unavailable to borrowers, the collateral securing loans may be negatively impacted by climate change, which could impact the Company's financial condition and results of operations. Further, the effects of climate change may negatively impact regional and local economic activity, which could lead to an adverse effect on customers and impact the communities in which the Company operates. Overall, climate change, its effects and the resulting, unknown impact could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 20

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 1B.** | **Unresolved Staff Comments.** |

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None.

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|:---|:---|
| **Item 2.** | **Properties.** |

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The Company is headquartered at 101 Jacksonville Circle, Floyd, Virginia. The Bank is headquartered in the Main Office at 113 West Main Street, Independence, Virginia. The Bank operates branches at the following locations, all of which are owned by the Bank, except for the offices in Boone, Mocksville, and Willis, which are leased facilities:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| East Independence Office – 802 East Main St., Independence, VA | 276-773-2821 | Full service |
| Elk Creek Office – 60 Comers Rock Rd., Elk Creek, VA | 276-655-4011 | Full service |
| Galax Office – 209 West Grayson St., Galax, VA | 276-238-2411 | Full service |
| Troutdale Office – 101 Ripshin Rd., Troutdale, VA | 276-677-3722 | Full service |
| Carroll Office – 8351 Carrollton Pike, Galax, VA | 276-238-8112 | Full service |
| Sparta Office – 98 South Grayson Street, Sparta NC | 336-372-2811 | Full service |
| Hillsville Office – 419 South Main Street, Hillsville, VA | 276-728-2810 | Full service |
| Whitetop Office – 16303 Highlands Parkway, Whitetop, VA | 276-388-3811 | Full service |
| Wytheville Office – 420 North 4<sup>th</sup> Street, Wytheville, VA | 276-228-6050 | Full service |
| Floyd Office - 101 Jacksonville Circle, Floyd, VA | 540-745-4191 | Full service |
| Cave Spring Office - 4094 Postal Drive, Roanoke, VA | 540-774-1111 | Full service |
| Christiansburg Office – 2681 Market Street NE, Christiansburg, VA | 540-381-8121 | Full service |
| Fairlawn Office - 7349 Peppers Ferry Blvd., Radford, VA | 540-633-1680 | Full service |
| Roanoke Office – 3850 Keagy Rd., Roanoke, VA | 540-387-4533 | Full service |
| West Jefferson Office – 1055 Mount Jefferson Road, West Jefferson, NC | 336-489-7811 | Full service |
| Boone Office – 189 Boone Heights Drive, Boone, NC | 828-264-4260 | Full service |
| Wilkesboro Office – 1422 US Highway 421, Wilkesboro, NC | 336-903-4948 | Full service |
| Yadkinville Office – 532 East Main Street, Yadkinville, NC | 336-849-4194 | Full service |
| Mocksville Office – 119 Gaither Street, Mocksville, NC | 336-477-7010 | Full service |
| Lenoir Office – 509 Wilkesboro Blvd. NE, Lenoir, NC | 828-750-6100 | Full service |
| Hickory – Mountain View Office – 2900 Hwy 127 South, Hickory, NC | 828-578-7400 | Full service |
| Hudson Office – 537 Main Street, Hudson, NC | 828-750-6076 | Full service |
| Hickory – Viewmont Office – 1625 North Center Street, Hickory, NC | 828-578-7499 | Full service |
| Willis Office - 5598 B Floyd Highway South, Willis, VA | 540-745-4191 | Limited service/conducts normal teller transactions |

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The Bank has a conference center located at 203 E. Oxford Street, Floyd, Virginia, which is used for various board and committee meetings, as well as continuing education and training programs for bank employees. The Bank owns an operations center adjacent to the main office in Independence, Virginia. The Bank also leases an administrative office in the town of Wilkesboro, North Carolina. The Bank purchased an existing vacant building in Blacksburg, Virginia in August of 2021. The Bank is currently renovating the building and anticipates opening this building as a full service branch facility in the second quarter of 2023.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 3.** | **Legal Proceedings.** |

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There are no material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, to which the Company is a party or of which any of its property is subject.

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|:---|:---|
| **Item 4.** | **Mine Safety Disclosures.** |

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Not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 21

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**<u>PART II</u>**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 5.** | **Market for Registrant**'**s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchasers of Equity Securities.** |

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The Company's common stock is quoted on the OTC Markets Group's OTCQX tier under the symbol "PKKW." As of March 27, 2023, there were 5,607,416 shares of the Company's common stock outstanding, held by 1,334 shareholders of record.

The Company's common stock began quotation on the OTC Market on or about August 31, 2016, before which there was no trading market and no market price for the Company's common stock. Any over-the-counter market quotations in the Company's common stock reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not represent actual transactions. The Company was incorporated under Virginia law on November 2, 2015, solely to facilitate the merger between Cardinal and Grayson that was completed on July 1, 2016.

***Dividend Policy***

The Company historically has paid dividends on its common stock on a semi-annual basis. The final determination of the timing, amount and payment of dividends on the Company's common stock is at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will depend upon the earnings of the Company and its subsidiaries, principally the Bank, the financial condition of the Company and other factors, including general economic conditions and applicable governmental regulations and policies as discussed in "Item 1., Business – Government Supervision and Regulation – Dividends," above.

The Company's ability to distribute cash dividends will depend primarily on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to it. As a national bank, the Bank is subject to certain restrictions on our reserves and capital imposed by federal banking statutes and regulations. Furthermore, under Virginia law, the Company may not declare or pay a cash dividend on its capital stock if it is insolvent or if the payment of the dividend would render it insolvent or unable to pay its obligations as they become due in the ordinary course of business. For additional information on these limitations, see "Item 1., Business – Government Supervision and Regulation – Dividends," above.

***Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans***

The following table summarizes information, as of December 31, 2022, relating to the Company's stock-based compensation plans under which shares of common stock are authorized for issuance. During 2022, 14,500 restricted stock awards were issued and 8,700 stock awards were issued.

**Equity Compensation Plan Information**

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Number of Shares To Be** <br> **Issued Upon Exercise of** <br> **Outstanding Options,** <br> **Warrants and Rights** | **Weighted-Average** <br> **Exercise Price of** <br> **Outstanding Options,** <br> **Warrants and Rights** | **Number of Shares** <br> **Remaining** <br> **Available for** <br> **Future Issuance** <br> **Under Equity** <br> **Compensation** <br> **Plans** |
| Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders: |  |  |  |
| 2020 Equity Incentive Plan |  | $- | 253600 |
| Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders <sup>(1)</sup> |  |  |  |
| Total |  | $- | 253600 |

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|:---|
| _______________ |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <sup>(1)</sup> <sup>The Company does not have any equity compensation plans that have not been approved by shareholders.</sup> |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22

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***Stock Repurchases***

In January 2019, the Board of Directors ("Board") of the Company approved a stock repurchase plan. The Board has authorized an initial repurchase of up to 200,000 shares of its common stock from time to time for a period of two years ending in January 2021. In May 2020 the Board amended the plan to increase the shares by 150,000, bringing the aggregate total to 350,000 shares of common stock. In January 2021, the Board authorized the extension of the plan to January 2023. In January 2023, the Board authorized the extension of the 91,325 shares remaining in the plan to January 2025. The Company intends to purchase shares periodically through privately negotiated transactions or in the open market in accordance with SEC rules. The actual timing, number and value of shares repurchased under the plan will be determined by management in its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including the market price of the shares, general market and economic conditions, applicable legal requirements and other conditions. During 2021, we repurchased 79,175 shares of our common stock under our stock repurchase program at an average cost per share of $12.07 and a total cost of $956 thousand. During 2022, we repurchased 12,000 shares of our common stock under our stock repurchase program at an average cost per share of $12.85 and a total cost of $154 thousand.

The following table details the Company's purchase of its common stock during the fourth quarter of 2022.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Total number** <br> **of shares** <br> **purchased** | **Maximum number** <br> **of shares that may** <br> **yet be purchased** <br> **under the plan** |
| Purchased 10/1 through 10/31 | – $– – | 91325 |
| Purchased 11/1 through 11/30 | – $– – | 91325 |
| Purchased 12/1 through 12/31 | – $– – | 91325 |
| Total | – $– – |  |

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|:---|:---|
| **Item 6.**  | **[Reserved]** |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 23

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 7.** | **Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.** |

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis of Operations**

**Overview**

Management's Discussion and Analysis is provided to assist in the understanding and evaluation of Skyline Bankshares, Inc's. financial condition and its results of operations. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Skyline Bankshares, Inc. (formerly Parkway Acquisition Corp.) (the "Company"), is a bank holding company headquartered in Floyd, Virginia. The Company offers a wide range of retail and commercial banking services through its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Skyline National Bank (the "Bank"). On January 1, 2023, the Company changed its name from Parkway Acquisition Corp. to Skyline Bankshares, Inc. to align its brand across the entire organization.

The Company was incorporated as a Virginia corporation on November 2, 2015. The Company was formed as a business combination shell company for the purpose of completing a business combination transaction between Grayson Bankshares, Inc. ("Grayson") and Cardinal Bankshares Corporation ("Cardinal"). On November 6, 2015, Grayson, Cardinal and the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which Grayson and Cardinal merged with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving corporation (the "Cardinal merger"). The merger agreement established exchange ratios under which each share of Grayson common stock was converted to the right to receive 1.76 shares of common stock of the Company, while each share of Cardinal common stock was converted to the right to receive 1.30 shares of common stock of the Company. The exchange ratios resulted in Grayson shareholders receiving approximately 60% of the newly issued shares of the Company and Cardinal shareholders receiving approximately 40% of the newly issued shares of the Company. The Cardinal merger was completed on July 1, 2016. Grayson was considered the acquiror and Cardinal was considered the acquiree in the transaction for accounting purposes. Upon completion of the Cardinal merger, the Bank of Floyd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cardinal, was merged with and into the Bank (formerly Grayson National Bank), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Grayson. Effective March 13, 2017, the Bank changed its name to Skyline National Bank.

On March 1, 2018, the Company entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which the Company acquired Great State Bank ("Great State"), based in Wilkesboro, North Carolina. The agreement provided for the merger of Great State with and into the Bank, with the Bank as the surviving bank (the "Great State merger"). The transaction closed and the merger became effective on July 1, 2018. Each share of Great State common stock was converted into the right to receive 1.21 shares of the Company's common stock. The Company issued 1,191,899 shares and recognized $15.5 million in surplus in the Great State merger. The Company was considered the acquiror and Great State was considered the acquiree in the transaction for accounting purposes.

The Bank was organized under the laws of the United States in 1900 and now serves the Virginia counties of Grayson, Floyd, Carroll, Wythe, Montgomery and Roanoke, and the North Carolina counties of Alleghany, Ashe, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Cleveland, Davie, Watauga, Wilkes, and Yadkin, and the surrounding areas, through twenty-five full-service banking offices. As a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured national banking association, the Bank is subject to regulation by the Comptroller of the Currency and the FDIC. The Company is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

The Company had net earnings of $10.3 million for 2022 compared to $9.5 million for 2021. Our strong financial performance in 2022 can be attributed in part to our team's efforts that resulted in solid growth in the Bank's core loan portfolio of $97.1 million, or 14.84%, during 2022. Earnings for the year ended December 31, 2022 represented a return on average assets of 1.01% and a return on average equity of 13.35%, compared to 1.01% and 10.98%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021. The net interest margin was 3.68% in 2022, compared to 3.74% in 2021. As we look to 2023, competition for deposits has led to increased interest expense in recent months and we expect this trend to continue throughout 2023, and because of this we expect to see some near-term pressure on our net interest margin. The lagging effect of historic interest rate increases and continued inflationary pressures are also likely to dampen the overall economic activity in 2023 and may impact our operating costs.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 24

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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**Forward Looking Statements**

From time to time, the Company and its senior managers have made and will make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements may be contained in this report and in other documents that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such statements may also be made by the Company and its senior managers in oral or written presentations to analysts, investors, the media and others. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Also, forward-looking statements can generally be identified by words such as "may," "could," "should," "would," "believe," "anticipate," "estimate," "seek," "expect," "intend," "plan" and similar expressions.

Forward-looking statements provide management's expectations or predictions of future conditions, events or results. They are not guarantees of future performance. By their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. These statements speak only as of the date they are made. The Company does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statements were made. There are a number of factors, many of which are beyond the Company's control that could cause actual conditions, events or results to differ significantly from those described in the forward-looking statements. These factors, some of which are discussed elsewhere in this report, include:

● any required increase in our regulatory capital ratios;

● inflation, interest rate levels and market and monetary fluctuations;

● the difficult market conditions in our industry;

● trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the federal government;

● applicable laws and regulations and legislative or regulatory changes;

● the timely development and acceptance of new products and services of the Company;

● the willingness of customers to substitute competitors' products and services for the Company's products and services;

● the financial condition of the Company's borrowers and lenders;

● the Company's success in gaining regulatory approvals, when required;

● technological and management changes;

● the Company's ability to implement its growth and acquisition strategies;

● the Company's critical accounting policies and the implementation of such policies;

● lower-than-expected revenue or cost savings or other issues in connection with mergers and acquisitions and branch expansion;

● changes in consumer spending and saving habits;

● deposit flows;

● the strength of the United States economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which the Company conducts its operations;

● the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the Company's credit quality and business operations, as well as its impact on general economic and financial market conditions;

● geopolitical conditions, including acts or threats of terrorism, international hostilities, or actions taken by the U.S. or other governments in response to acts or threats of terrorism and/or military conflicts, which could impact business and economic conditions in the U.S. and abroad;

● the Company's potential exposure to fraud, negligence, computer theft, and cyber-crime;

● the Company's success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing; and,

● other factors identified in Item 1A. "Risk Factors" above.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 25

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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**Critical Accounting Policies**

The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). The notes to the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2022 contain a summary of its significant accounting policies. Management believes the Company's policies with respect to the methodology for the determination of the allowance for loan losses, and asset impairment judgments, such as the recoverability of intangible assets and other-than-temporary impairment of investment securities, involve a higher degree of complexity and require management to make difficult and subjective judgments that often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. Accordingly, management considers the policies related to those areas as critical.

The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of the losses that may be sustained in the loan portfolio. The allowance is based on two basic principles of accounting: the first of which requires that losses be accrued when they are probable of occurring and estimable, and the second, which requires that losses be accrued based on the differences between the value of collateral, present value of future cash flows or values that are observable in the secondary market, and the loan balance.

The allowance for loan losses has three basic components: (**i**) the formula allowance, (**ii**) the specific allowance, and (**iii**) the unallocated allowance. Each of these components is determined based upon estimates that can and do change when the actual events occur. The formula allowance uses a historical loss view as an indicator of future losses and, as a result, could differ from the loss incurred in the future. However, since this history is updated with the most recent loss information, the errors that might otherwise occur are mitigated. The specific allowance uses various techniques to arrive at an estimate of loss. Historical loss information, expected cash flows and fair market value of collateral are used to estimate these losses. The use of these techniques is inherently subjective and our actual losses could be greater or less than the estimates. The unallocated allowance captures losses that are attributable to various economic events, industry or geographic sectors whose impact on the portfolio have occurred but have yet to be recognized in either the formula or specific allowance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 26

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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**Table 1. Net Interest Income and Average Balances (dollars in thousands)**

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---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022** | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  |  | **Interest** |  |  | **Interest** |  |
|  | **Average** | **Income/** | **Yield/** | **Average** | **Income/** | **Yield/** |
|  | **Balance** | **Expense** | **Cost** | **Balance** | **Expense** | **Cost** |
| ***Interest-earning assets:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest-bearing deposits | $55635 | $788 | 1.42% | $44227 | $88 | 0.20% |
| Federal funds sold | 8307 | 29 | 0.35% | 37365 | 44 | 0.12% |
| Investment securities | 159196 | 3063 | 1.92% | 96020 | 1535 | 1.60% |
| Loans <sup>1, 2</sup> | 717326 | 32687 | 4.56% | 687587 | 33089 | 4.81% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total | 940464 | 36567 |  | 865199 | 34756 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yield on average interest-earning assets |  |  | 3.89% |  |  | 4.02% |
| ***Non interest-earning assets:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cash and due from banks | 18992 |  |  | 12634 |  |  |
| Premises and equipment | 32261 |  |  | 28342 |  |  |
| Interest receivable and other | 46775 |  |  | 39299 |  |  |
| Allowance for loan losses | (5985) |  |  | (5296) |  |  |
| Unrealized gain/(loss) on securities | (17028) |  |  | (569) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total | 75015 |  |  | 74410 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total assets | $1015479 |  |  | $939609 |  |  |
| ***Interest-bearing liabilities:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Demand deposits | $242751 | 365 | 0.15% | $197835 | 298 | 0.15% |
| Savings deposits | 195976 | 196 | 0.10% | 172847 | 198 | 0.11% |
| Time deposits | 179839 | 1181 | 0.66% | 195008 | 1847 | 0.95% |
| Borrowings | 4188 | 188 | 4.49% | 9862 | 86 | 0.87% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total | 622754 | 1930 |  | 575552 | 2429 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cost on average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 0.31% |  |  | 0.42% |
| ***Non interest-bearing liabilities:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Demand deposits | 311032 |  |  | 273393 |  |  |
| Interest payable and other | 4663 |  |  | 4298 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total | 315695 |  |  | 277691 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total liabilities | 938449 |  |  | 853243 |  |  |
| ***Stockholder's equity:*** | 77030 |  |  | 86366 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total liabilities and stockholder's equity | $1015479 |  |  | $939609 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net interest income |  | $34637 |  |  | $32327 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net yield on interest-earning assets |  |  | 3.68% |  |  | 3.74% |

---

---

| |
|:---|
| <sup>1</sup> Includes nonaccural loans |
| <sup>2</sup> Interest income includes loan fees |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 27

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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**Table 2. Rate/Volume Variance Analysis (dollars in thousands)**

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---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022 Compared to 2021** | **2022 Compared to 2021** | **2022 Compared to 2021** | **2021 Compared to 2020** | **2021 Compared to 2020** | **2021 Compared to 2020** |
|  | **Interest**<br> **Income/** | **Variance**<br> **Attributable To<sup>(1)</sup>** | **Variance**<br> **Attributable To<sup>(1)</sup>** | **Interest**<br> **Income/** | **Variance**<br> **Attributable To<sup>(1)</sup>** | **Variance**<br> **Attributable To<sup>(1)</sup>** |
|  | **Expense**<br> **Variance** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Rate** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Volume** | **Expense**<br> **Variance** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Rate** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Volume** |
| ***Interest-earning assets:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest bearing deposits | $700 | $671 | $29 | $(126) | $(119) | $(7) |
| Federal funds sold | (15) | (25) | 10 | 41 |  | 41 |
| Investment securities | 1528 | 361 | 1167 | 778 | (147) | 925 |
| Loans | (402) | (2167) | 1765 | 2319 | (221) | 2540 |
| Total | 1811 | (1160) | 2971 | 3012 | (487) | 3499 |
| ***Interest-bearing liabilities:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Demand deposits | 67 | (1) | 68 | (30) | 334 | (364) |
| Savings deposits | (2) | 37 | (39) | (217) | (364) | 147 |
| Time deposits | (666) | (531) | (135) | (757) | (791) | 34 |
| Borrowings | 102 | 118 | (16) | (7) | 56 | (63) |
| Total | (499) | (377) | (122) | (1011) | (765) | (246) |
| **Net interest income** | $2310 | $(783) | $3093 | $4023 | $278 | $3745 |

---

(1) The variance in interest attributed to both volume and rate has been allocated to variance attributed to volume and variance attributed to rate in proportion to the absolute value of the change in each.

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**Net Interest Income**

Net interest income, the principal source of the Company's earnings, is the amount of income generated by earning assets (primarily loans and investment securities) less the interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities (primarily deposits used to fund earning assets). Table 1 summarizes the major components of net interest income for the past three years and also provides yields and average balances.

For the year ended December 31, 2022 total interest income increased by $1.8 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in interest income in 2022 was primarily due to an increase of $1.5 million in interest income on securities and an increase of $700 thousand in interest income on interest-bearing deposits in banks, which offset a decrease in loan interest income of $402 thousand in the year over year comparison. Interest income on loans decreased primarily due to a decrease in SBA-PPP related interest and fees of $2.5 million from the year ago period. Excluding SBA-PPP related interest and fees of $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, interest income on loans would have increased $2.1 million, reflecting our core loan growth as well as the current rate environment. The increases in interest income on investment securities was due to the $63.2 million increase in average investment securities due to investment purchases during 2022. Interest expense on deposits decreased by $601 thousand in the year over year comparison. This is a reflection of the reduced rates for the majority of 2022, as well as a reduction in time deposit balances from a year ago. However, in the fourth quarter of 2022, due to competitive pressures on deposits, rates were increased on deposit offerings. Management anticipates that interest expense will increase in the near term as competitive pressures for deposits continue. Amortization of premiums on acquired time deposits, which reduces interest expense, totaled $50 thousand in 2022, compared to $108 thousand in 2021, representing a decrease of $58 thousand. The effects of changes in volumes and rates on net interest income in 2022 compared to 2021, and 2021 compared to 2020 are shown in Table 2.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 28

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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The aforementioned factors led to an increase in net interest income of $2.3 million or 7.15% for 2022 as compared to 2021. The net yield on interest-earning assets decreased by 6 basis points to 3.68% in 2022 compared to 3.74% in 2021.

**Provision for Loan Losses**

The allowance for loan losses is established to provide for expected losses in the Company's loan portfolio. Management determines the provision for loan losses required to maintain an allowance adequate to provide for probable losses. Some of the factors considered in making this decision are the levels and collectability of past due loans, volume of new loans, composition of the loan portfolio, and general economic outlook.

The provision for loan losses was $606 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $723 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in loan loss provisions from 2021 to 2022 despite the overall growth in the loan portfolio was due to the improvement in credit quality on the loan portfolio and the reduction of past due loans and nonperforming loans from 2021 to 2022.

The allowance for loan losses for SBA-PPP loans remaining at December 31, 2022 were separately evaluated given the explicit government guarantee. This analysis, which incorporated historical experience with similar SBA guarantees and underwriting, concluded the likelihood of loss was remote and therefore these loans were assigned a zero expected credit loss in the allowance for loan losses.

The reserve for loan losses was approximately 0.83% of total loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Management's estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the acquired Great State and Cardinal loan portfolios was reflected as a purchase discount which will continue to be accreted into income over the remaining life of the acquired loans. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the remaining unaccreted discount on the acquired loan portfolios totaled $672 thousand and $1.0 million, respectively. Management believes the provision and the resulting allowance for loan losses are adequate. Additional information is contained in Tables 12 and 13, and is discussed in Nonperforming and Problem Assets.

**Other Income**

The major components of noninterest income for the past two years are illustrated in Table 3.

For the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, noninterest income was $6.3 million and $6.6 million, respectively. Included in noninterest income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was nonrecurring income from life insurance contracts of $217 thousand and a $10 thousand loss on the sales of securities. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, there was nonrecurring income of $200 thousand from a one-time lease termination fee, $193 thousand from a one-time incentive bonus on a contract renegotiation with a service provider, and $265 thousand from net realized gains on the sale of securities. Excluding these items, noninterest income increased $140 thousand in the year over year comparison, primarily as a result of increased income from service charges on deposit accounts of $365 thousand and an increase of ATM, credit and debit card income of $551 thousand, partially offset by a decrease of $662 thousand in mortgage origination income. The mortgage department closed approximately $23.0 million of mortgage loans for the secondary market during 2022 compared to $57.0 million in 2021. The decrease in loan volume is due to the increase in interest rates during 2022.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 29

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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**Table 3. Sources of Noninterest Income (dollars in thousands)**

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---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **2022** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **2021** |
| Service charges on deposit accounts | $1906 | $1541 |
| Increase in cash value of life insurance | 513 | 446 |
| Life insurance income | 217 |  |
| Mortgage originations fees | 399 | 1061 |
| Safe deposit box rental | 86 | 88 |
| Gain (loss) on securities | (10) | 265 |
| ATM, credit and debit card income | 2624 | 2073 |
| Merchant services income | 222 | 182 |
| Investment services income | 56 | 60 |
| Exchange income | 183 | 203 |
| Other income | 61 | 649 |
| Total noninterest income | $6257 | $6568 |

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**Other Expense** 

The major components of noninterest expense for the past two years are illustrated in Table 4.

Total noninterest expenses increased by $1.2 million, or 4.65% for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily due to employee and branch costs associated with branch expansion. Salary and benefit cost increased by $143 thousand from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022. Occupancy and equipment expenses increased by $347 thousand, due to the branch expansion. Data processing expenses remained comparable at $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. ATM/EFT expenses increased by $445 thousand due to increased debit card usage. There was a decrease in core deposit intangible amortization of $117 thousand in the year-over-year comparison, which was offset by an increase in professional fees of $45 thousand and an increase in telephone expense of $92 thousand.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 30

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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**Table 4. Sources of Noninterest Expense (dollars in thousands)**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022** | **2021** |
| Salaries & wages | $11526 | $11251 |
| Share-based compensation | 179 | 155 |
| Employee benefits | 3118 | 3274 |
| Total personnel expense | 14823 | 14680 |
| Director fees | 354 | 368 |
| Occupancy expense | 1891 | 1676 |
| Data processing expense | 1971 | 2026 |
| Other equipment expense | 1307 | 1175 |
| FDIC/OCC assessments | 628 | 609 |
| Insurance | 172 | 156 |
| Professional fees | 684 | 639 |
| Advertising | 657 | 702 |
| Postage & freight | 536 | 458 |
| Supplies | 228 | 196 |
| Franchise tax | 506 | 499 |
| Telephone | 482 | 390 |
| Travel, dues & meetings | 579 | 435 |
| ATM/EFT expense | 1212 | 767 |
| Other real estate owned expenses | 71 |  |
| Core deposit intangible amortization | 478 | 595 |
| Other expense | 909 | 896 |
| Total noninterest expense | $27488 | $26267 |

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The overhead efficiency ratio of noninterest expense to adjusted total revenue (net interest income plus noninterest income) was 67.22% in 2022 and 67.53% in 2021.

**Income Taxes**

Income tax expense is based on amounts reported in the statements of income (after adjustments for non-taxable income and non-deductible expenses) and consists of taxes currently due plus deferred taxes on temporary differences in the recognition of income and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. The deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future Federal income tax return consequences of those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled.

Income tax expense (substantially all Federal) was $2.5 million in 2022 and $2.4 million in 2021, resulting in effective tax rates of 19.7% and 20.4%, respectively. The increase in income tax expense of $96 thousand in 2022 was primarily due to the increase in income before taxes of $895 thousand in 2022 compared to 2021.

Net deferred tax assets of $5.7 million, and $1.1 million existed at December 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively. At December 31, 2022, net deferred tax assets included $5.6 million of deferred tax assets applicable to unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale, and $522 thousand of deferred tax assets applicable to funded projected pension benefit obligations. Accordingly, these amounts were not charged to income but recorded directly to the related stockholders' equity account.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 31

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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**Analysis of Financial Condition**

Average earning assets increased $75.3 million, or 8.70%, from 2021 to 2022 due to asset growth primarily reflected in increased loans and investment securities, which was funded by average deposit growth of $90.5 million. Total earning assets represented 92.61% of total average assets in 2022 and 92.08% in 2021. The mix of average earning assets changed from 2021 to 2022 as average loans increased by $29.7 million, or 4.33%, and average investment securities increased by $63.2 million, or 65.79%. Average federal funds sold and average deposits in banks decreased by $17.6 million, or 21.63%, from 2021 to 2022.

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**Table 5. Average Asset Mix (dollars in thousands)**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **2022** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
|  | **Average**<br> **Balance** | <br> **%** | <br> **Average**<br> **Balance** | <br> **%** |
| **Earning assets:** |  |  |  |  |
| Loans | $717326 | 70.64% | $687587 | 73.18% |
| Investment securities | 159196 | 15.67% | 96020 | 10.22% |
| Federal funds sold | 8307 | 0.82% | 37365 | 3.97% |
| Deposits in other banks | 55635 | 5.48% | 44227 | 4.71% |
| Total earning assets | 940464 | 92.61% | 865199 | 92.08% |
| **Non earning assets:** |  |  |  |  |
| Cash and due from banks | 18992 | 1.87% | 12634 | 1.34% |
| Premises and equipment | 32261 | 3.18% | 28342 | 3.02% |
| Other assets | 46775 | 4.61% | 39299 | 4.18% |
| Allowance for loan losses | (5985) | -0.59% | (5296) | -0.56% |
| Unrealized loss on securities | (17028) | -1.68% | (569) | -0.06% |
| Total nonearning assets | 75015 | 7.39% | 74410 | 7.92% |
| Total assets | $1015479 | 100.00% | $939609 | 100.00% |

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Average loans for 2022 represented 70.64% of total average assets compared to 73.18% in 2021. Average federal funds sold decreased from 3.97% to 0.82% of total average assets while deposits in other banks increased from 4.71% to 5.48% of total average assets over the same time period. Average investment securities increased from 10.22% in 2021 to 15.67% of total average assets in 2022. The balances of nonearning assets to total average assets decreased from 7.92% to 7.39% in the annual comparison.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 32

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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**Loans**

Average loans totaled $717.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This represents an increase of $29.7 million, or 4.33%, from the average of $687.6 million for 2021. The increase was primarily due to organic core loan growth of $97.1 million during 2022.

The loan portfolio consists primarily of real estate and commercial loans, including SBA-PPP loans. These loans accounted for 97.07% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2022. This is up from the 96.31% that the categories maintained at December 31, 2021. The amount of loans outstanding by type at December 31, 2022 and 2021 and the maturity distribution for variable and fixed rate loans as of December 31, 2022 are presented in Tables 6 and 7, respectively.

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**Table 6. Loan Portfolio Summary (dollars in thousands)**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** |
|  | **Amount** | **%** | **Amount** | **%** |
| Construction and development | $49728 | 6.59% | $44252 | 6.48% |
| Residential, 1-4 families | 292318 | 38.72% | 240359 | 35.16% |
| Residential, 5 or more families | 66208 | 8.77% | 58054 | 8.49% |
| Farmland | 23688 | 3.14% | 25026 | 3.66% |
| Nonfarm, nonresidential | 263664 | 34.93% | 230071 | 33.66% |
| Total real estate | 695606 | 92.15% | 597762 | 87.45% |
| Agricultural | 2380 | 0.31% | 2420 | 0.35% |
| Commercial | 37054 | 4.91% | 36022 | 5.27% |
| SBA-PPP | 71 | 0.01% | 24528 | 3.59% |
| Consumer | 7902 | 1.05% | 7292 | 1.07% |
| Other | 11859 | 1.57% | 15508 | 2.27% |
| Total | $754872 | 100.00% | $683532 | 100.00% |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 33

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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**Table 7. Maturity Schedule of Loans, as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in thousands)**

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Commercial,** |  |  |  |
|  | **Real** | **Agricultural &** | **Consumer** | **Total** | **Total** |
|  | **Estate** | **SBA-PPP** | **& Other** | **Amount** | **%** |
| **Fixed rate loans:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| One year or less | $12723 | $2248 | $3892 | $18863 | 2.50% |
| Over one to five years | 66002 | 18791 | 8709 | 93502 | 12.38% |
| Over five years to 15 years | 38200 | 2761 | 2577 | 43538 | 5.77% |
| Over 15 years | 2990 | 2 | 11 | 3003 | 0.40% |
| Total fixed rate loans | $119915 | $23802 | $15189 | $158906 | 21.05% |
| **Variable rate loans:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| One year or less | $12980 | $6358 | $2134 | $21472 | 2.84% |
| Over one to five years | 18158 | 673 | 173 | 19004 | 2.52% |
| Over five years to 15 years | 139337 | 8325 | 1255 | 148917 | 19.73% |
| Over 15 years | 405216 | 347 | 1010 | 406573 | 53.86% |
| Total variable rate loans | $575691 | $15703 | $4572 | $595966 | 78.95% |
| **Total loans:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| One year or less | $25703 | $8606 | $6026 | $40335 | 5.34% |
| Over one to five years | 84160 | 19464 | 8882 | 112506 | 14.90% |
| Over five years to 15 years | 177537 | 11086 | 3832 | 192455 | 25.50% |
| Over 15 years | 408206 | 349 | 1021 | 409576 | 54.26% |
| Total loans | $695606 | $39505 | $19761 | $754872 | 100.00% |

---

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Interest rates charged on loans vary with the degree of risk, maturity and amount of the loan. Competitive pressures, money market rates, availability of funds, and government regulations also influence interest rates. On average, loans yielded 4.56% in 2022 compared to an average yield of 4.81% in 2021. The decrease in loan yields was due to a decrease in SBA-PPP related interest and fees of $2.5 million from the year ago period. Excluding SBA-PPP related interest and fees of $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, interest income on loans would have increased $2.1 million, reflecting our core loan growth of $97.1 million as well as the current rate environment. Management anticipates that this loan growth, in addition to higher rates in the current year, will have a positive impact on both earning assets and loan yields.

**Investment Securities**

The Company uses its investment portfolio to provide liquidity for unexpected deposit decreases or loan generation, to meet the Bank's interest rate sensitivity goals, and to generate income.

Management of the investment portfolio has always been conservative with the majority of investments taking the form of purchases of U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government Agencies, U.S. Government Sponsored Enterprises and State and Municipal bonds, as well as investment grade corporate bond issues. Management views the investment portfolio as a source of income, and purchases securities with the intent of retaining them until maturity. However, adjustments are necessary in the portfolio to provide an adequate source of liquidity which can be used to meet funding requirements for loan demand and deposit fluctuations and to control interest rate risk. Therefore, from time to time, management may sell certain securities prior to their maturity. Table 8 presents the investment portfolio at the end of 2022 by major types of investments and contractual maturity ranges. Investment securities in Table 8 may have repricing or call options that are earlier than the contractual maturity date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 34

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

------

The total amortized cost of investment securities increased by approximately $30.1 million from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022, while the average balance of investment securities carried throughout the year increased by approximately $63.2 million from 2021 to 2022. The average yield of the investment portfolio increase to 1.92% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 1.60% for 2021.

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**Table 8. Investment Securities - Maturity/Yield Schedule (dollars in thousands)**

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---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2022**  | **December 31, 2022**  | **December 31, 2022**  | **December 31, 2022**  | **December 31, 2022**  | **December 31, 2022**  |  |  |
|  | **In One**<br> **Year or**<br> **Less**  | **After One**<br> **Through**<br> **Five Years**  | **After Five**<br> **Through**<br> **Ten Years**  | **After**<br> **Ten**<br> **Years**  | **Book**<br> **Value**<br> **12/31/22**  | **Market**<br> **Value**<br> **12/31/22** | **Book**<br> **Value**<br> **12/31/21**  | **Book**<br> **Value**<br> **12/31/20**  |
| **Investment securities:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S. Treasury securities | $- | $4980 | $- | $- | $4980 | $4834 | $- | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S. Government agencies |  | 4658 | 20367 |  | 25025 | 20846 | 20333 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mortgage-backed securities | 78 | 1015 | 34118 | 43544 | 78755 | 67270 | 64437 | 15212 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Corporate securities |  | 1500 |  |  | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; State and municipal securities |  | 1506 | 19656 | 30238 | 51400 | 40701 | 45314 | 16059 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total | $78 | $13659 | $74141 | $73782 | $161660 | $135151 | $131584 | $32771 |
| **Weighted average yields <sup>(1)</sup>:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S. Treasury securities | 0.00% | 2.95% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 2.95% |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S. Government agencies | 0.00% | 3.08% | 1.68% | 0.00% | 1.94% |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mortgage-backed securities | 2.18% | 2.01% | 2.19% | 1.45% | 1.78% |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Corporate securities | 0.00% | 4.11% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 4.11% |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; State and municipal securities | 0.00% | 2.95% | 2.03% | 2.56% | 2.37% |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total | 2.18% | 3.05% | 2.01% | 1.90% | 2.05% |  |  |  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> <br><sup>Weighted average yields on investment securities are based on amortized cost and are calculated on a tax equivalent basis.</sup> <br>

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**Deposits**

The Company relies on deposits generated in its market area to provide the majority of funds needed to support lending activities and for investments in liquid assets. More specifically, core deposits (total deposits less certificates of deposit in denominations of more than $250,000) are the primary funding source. The Company's balance sheet growth is largely determined by the availability of deposits in its markets, the cost of attracting the deposits, and the prospects of profitably utilizing the available deposits by increasing the loan or investment portfolios. The Company's management must continuously monitor market pricing, competitor's rates, and the internal interest rate spreads to maintain the Company's growth and profitability. The Company attempts to structure rates so as to promote deposit and asset growth while at the same time increasing overall profitability of the Company.

Average total deposits for the year ended December 31, 2022 amounted to $929.6 million, which was an increase of $90.5 million, or 10.79% from 2021. Average core deposits totaled $893.4 million in 2022 representing a 11.53% increase over the $801.0 million in 2021. The percentage of the Company's average deposits that are interest-bearing decreased to 66.5% in 2022 compared to 67.4% in 2021. This decrease is due to the average demand deposits, which earn no interest, increasing 13.77% from $273.4 million in 2021 to $311.0 million in 2022. Average deposits for the periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are summarized in Table 9.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 35

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

------

**Table 9. Deposit Mix (dollars in thousands)**

------

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2022**  | **December 31, 2022**  | **December 31, 2022**  | **December 31, 2021**  | **December 31, 2021**  | **December 31, 2021**  |
|  | **Average**<br> **Balance**  | **% of Total**<br> **Deposits**  | **Average**<br> **Rate Paid**  | **Average**<br> **Balance**  | **% of Total**<br> **Deposits**  | **Average**<br> **Rate Paid**  |
| Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest-bearing DDA accounts | $133854 | 14.4% | 0.09% | $113840 | 13.6% | 0.09% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Money market | 108897 | 11.7% | 0.22% | 83995 | 10.0% | 0.23% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Savings | 195976 | 21.1% | 0.10% | 172847 | 20.6% | 0.11% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Individual retirement accounts | 44165 | 4.7% | 0.88% | 46088 | 5.5% | 1.04% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CD's $250,000 or less | 99443 | 10.7% | 0.55% | 110825 | 13.2% | 0.94% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CD's greater than $250,000 | 36231 | 3.9% | 0.68% | 38095 | 4.5% | 0.87% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total interest-bearing deposits | 618566 | 66.5% | 0.28% | 565690 | 67.4% | 0.41% |
| Noninterest-bearing deposits | 311032 | 33.5% | 0.00% | 273393 | 32.6% | 0.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total deposits | $929598 | 100.0% | 0.19% | $839083 | 100.0% | 0.28% |

---

------

The average balance of certificates of deposit issued in denominations of more than $250,000 decreased by $1.9 million, or 4.89%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021. The strategy of management has been to support loan and investment growth with core deposits and not to aggressively solicit the more volatile, large denomination certificates of deposit. Loan and investment securities growth in 2022 was primarily funded through core deposit growth, thus reducing management's reliance on large denomination certificates of deposit for funding purposes.

Estimated uninsured deposits totaled $295.0 million and $279.3 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Uninsured amounts are estimated based on the portion of account balance in excess of FDIC insurance limits. Table 10 provides maturity information relating to uninsured time deposits at December 31, 2022.

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**Table 10. Estimated Uninsured Time Deposits Maturities (dollars in thousands)**

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---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Estimated Uninsured Time Deposits at December 31, 2022:** | **Estimated Uninsured Time Deposits at December 31, 2022:** |
| Remaining maturity of three months or less | $6565 |
| Remaining maturity over three months through six months | 3480 |
| Remaining maturity over six months through twelve months | 34874 |
| Remaining maturity over twelve months | 4537 |
| Total estimated uninsured time deposits | $49456 |

---

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 36

------

**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

------

**Equity**

Stockholders' equity totaled $72.9 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $85.2 million at December 31, 2021. The decrease of $12.3 million, or 14.39%, was due to earnings of $10.3 million, plus share-based compensation of $179 thousand, less common stock repurchases of $154 thousand, payment of dividends of $1.8 million, and less other comprehensive losses of $20.8 million primarily due to an increase in the unrealized losses on the value of the securities portfolio as a result of increased interest rates in 2022. Book value decreased from $15.20 per share at December 31, 2021 to $12.98 per share at December 31, 2022.

Effective January 1, 2015, the federal banking regulators adopted rules to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rules required the Bank to comply with the following minimum capital ratios: (i) a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% of risk-weighted assets; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8% of risk-weighted assets; and (iv) a leverage ratio of 4% of total assets. As fully phased in on January 1, 2019, the rules require the Bank to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% "capital conservation buffer" (which is added to the 4.5% common equity Tier 1 ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%), (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% Tier 1 capital ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%), (iii) a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5%), and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets.

Under Basel III Capital requirements, a capital conservation buffer of 0.625% became effective beginning on January 1, 2016. The capital conservation buffer was gradually increased through January 1, 2019 to 2.50%. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banks are now required to maintain levels that meet the required minimum plus the capital conservation buffer in order to make distributions, such as dividends, or discretionary bonus payments. The Banks's capital conservation buffer is 4.42% as of December 31, 2022.

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**Table 11. Bank**'**s Year-end Risk-Based Capital (dollars in thousands)**

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---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022** | **2021** |
| Tier 1 Capital | $90878 | $84900 |
| Qualifying allowance for loan losses (limited to 1.25% of risk-weighted assets) | 6294 | 5717 |
| Total regulatory capital | $97172 | $90617 |
| Total risk-weighted assets | $782401 | $740706 |
| Tier 1 capital as a percentage of |  |  |
| risk-weighted assets | 11.6% | 11.5% |
| Common Equity Tier 1 capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets | 11.6% | 11.5% |
| Total regulatory capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets | 12.4% | 12.2% |
| Leverage ratio\* | 8.8% | 8.6% |

---

\* Tier 1 capital divided by average total assets for the quarter ended December 31 of each year.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 37

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

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**Nonperforming and Problem Assets**

Certain credit risks are inherent in making loans, particularly commercial and consumer loans. Management prudently assesses these risks and attempts to manage them effectively. The Bank attempts to use shorter-term loans and, although a portion of the loans have been made based upon the value of collateral, the underwriting decision is generally based on the cash flow of the borrower as the source of repayment rather than the value of the collateral. The Bank also attempts to reduce repayment risk by adhering to internal credit policies and procedures. These policies and procedures include officer and customer limits, periodic loan documentation review and follow up on exceptions to credit policies.

Table 12 provides information about the allowance for loan losses, nonperforming assets and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

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**Table 12. Loan Loss Data (dollars in thousands)**

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---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022**  | **2021**  |
| Allowance for loan losses | $6248 | $5677 |
| Total loans | $754872 | $683532 |
| Allowance for loan losses to total loans | 0.83% | 0.83% |
| Nonperforming loans: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nonaccrual loans | $1634 | $1320 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Restructured loans | 2330 | 3167 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Purchased credit-impaired loans on accrual status | 89 | 103 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total nonperforming loans | 4053 | 4590 |
| Other real estate owned | 235 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total nonperforming assets | $4288 | $4590 |
| Total nonperforming loans as a percentage to total loans | 0.54% | 0.67% |
| Total allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans | 154.16% | 123.68% |
| Total nonperforming assets as a percentage to total assets | 0.43% | 0.46% |
| Total nonaccrual loans as a percentage to total loans | 0.22% | 0.19% |
| Total allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans | 382.37% | 430.08% |

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------

Total nonperforming loans were 0.54% and 0.67% of total outstanding loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The majority of the increase in nonaccrual loans from 2022 to 2021 came in the "commercial mortgage" category as a result of one large credit of $381 thousand being placed in nonaccrual status in 2022. Nonaccrual loans in this category increased by $501 thousand. Loans are placed in nonaccrual status when, in management's opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Loans are removed from nonaccrual status when they are deemed a loss and charged to the allowance, transferred to foreclosed assets, or returned to accrual status based upon performance consistent with the original terms of the loan or a subsequent restructuring thereof. Management's ability to ultimately resolve these loans either with or without significant loss will be determined, to a great extent, by general economic and real estate market conditions.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, interest income recognized on loans in nonaccrual status was approximately $62 thousand and $39 thousand, respectively. Had these credits been current in accordance with their original terms, the gross interest income for these credits would have been approximately $88 thousand and $104 thousand, respectively for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 38

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

------

Restructured loans represent troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") that have returned to accrual status after a period of performance in accordance with their modified terms. The decrease in restructured loans from 2021 to 2022 came primarily in the form of four TDRs going into nonaccrual status during 2022. A TDR is considered to be successful if the borrower maintains adequate payment performance under the modified terms and is financially stable.

There was $235 thousand in other real estate owned at December 31, 2022, compared to no other real estate owned at December 31, 2021. During the fourth quarter of 2022, a former full service branch facility was transferred to other real estate owned at a value of $235 thousand. A write-down of $72 thousand was taken on the property as a result of this transfer based on the contract to sell, less estimated selling costs, in place as of December 31, 2022. Subsequent to December 31, 2022, the sale of the property settled on March 1, 2023.

More information on nonperforming assets and loan modifications in response to COVID-19 can be found in Note 5 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" found in Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021 we had loans with a current principal balance of $5.0 million and $10.9 million rated "Watch" or "Special Mention". The "Watch" classification is utilized by us when we have an initial concern about the financial health of a borrower that indicate above average risk. We then gather current financial information about the borrower and evaluate our current risk in the credit. After this review we will either move the loan to a higher risk rating category or move it back to its original risk rating. Loans may be left rated "Watch" for a longer period of time if, in management's opinion, there are risks that cannot be fully evaluated without the passage of time, and we want to review it on a more regular basis. Assets that do not currently expose the Bank to sufficient risk to warrant a classification such as "Substandard" or "Doubtful" but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated "Special Mention". Loans rated as "Watch" or "Special Mention" are not considered "potential problem loans" until they are determined by management to be classified as "Substandard". As of December 31, 2022, potential problem loans classified as substandard totaled $4.3 million compared to $6.0 million at December 31, 2021. Past due loans are often regarded as a precursor to further credit problems which would lead to future increases in nonaccrual loans or other real estate owned. As of December 31, 2022 loans past due 30-89 days and still accruing totaled $236 thousand compared to $346 thousand at December 31, 2021.

Certain types of loans, such as option ARM products, subprime loans and loans with initial teaser rates, can have a greater risk of non-collection than other loans. The Bank has not offered these types of loans in the past and does not offer them currently. Junior-lien mortgages can also be considered higher risk loans. Our junior-lien portfolio at December 31, 2022 totaled $2.6 million, or 0.34% of total loans. The charge-off rates in this category do not vary significantly from other real estate secured loans in the current year.

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level adequate to absorb potential losses. Some of the factors which management considers in determining the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses are: past loss experience, an evaluation of the current loan portfolio, identified loan problems, the loan volume outstanding, the present and expected economic conditions in general, and in particular, how such conditions relate to the market area that the Bank serves. Bank regulators also periodically review the Bank's loans and other assets to assess their quality. Loans deemed uncollectible are charged to the allowance. Provisions for loan losses and recoveries on loans previously charged off are added to the allowance. The reserve for loan losses was approximately 0.83% of total loans as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Management's estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the acquired Cardinal Bankshares Corporation and Great State loan portfolios was reflected as a purchase discount which will continue to be accreted into income over the remaining life of the acquired loans. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the remaining unaccreted discount on the acquired loan portfolios totaled $672 thousand and $1.0 million, respectively. This remaining discount can be used for credit losses if a loss occurs on individual loans in the purchased portfolios.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 39

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

------

To quantify the specific elements of the allowance for loan losses, the Bank begins by establishing a specific reserve for larger-balance, non-homogeneous loans, which have been identified as being impaired. This reserve is determined by comparing the principal balance of the loan with the net present value of the future anticipated cash flows or the fair market value of the related collateral. If the impaired loan is collateral dependent, then any excess in the recorded investment in the loan over the fair value of the collateral that is identified as uncollectible in the near term is charged off against the allowance for loan losses at that time. The bank also collectively evaluates for impairment smaller-balance TDRs. The specific component of the allowance for smaller-balance TDR loans is calculated on a pooled basis considering historical experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The bank then reviews certain loans in the portfolio and assigns grades to loans which have been reviewed. Loans which are adversely classified are given a specific allowance based on the historical loss experience of similar type loans in each adverse grade with further adjustments for external factors. The remaining portfolio is segregated into loan pools consistent with regulatory guidelines. An allocation is then made to the reserve for these loan pools based on the bank's historical loss experience with further adjustments for external factors. The allowance is allocated according to the amount deemed to be reasonably necessary to provide for the possibility of losses being incurred within the respective categories of loans, although the entire allowance is available to absorb any actual charge-offs that may occur.

Table 13 shows net charge-offs, average loan balances and the percentage of charge-offs to average loan balances. The allocation of the allowance for loan losses is detailed in Table 14.

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**Table 13. Analysis of Net Charge-Offs (dollars in thousands)**

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---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** |
|  |  |  | **Percentage of Net** |
|  |  |  | **(Charge-Offs)** |
|  | **Net** |  | **Recoveries to** |
|  | **(Charge-Offs)** | **Average** | **Average** |
|  | **Recoveries** | **Loans** | **Loans** |
| Construction & development | $3 | $45934 | 0.01% |
| Farmland |  | 24188 | 0.00% |
| Residential | 12 | 329779 | 0.00% |
| Commercial mortgage | 8 | 247350 | 0.00% |
| Commercial & agriculture | 16 | 39288 | 0.04% |
| SBA-PPP |  | 8504 | 0.00% |
| Consumer & other | (74) | 22283 | (0.33%) |
| Total | $(35) | $717326 | 0.00% |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** |
|  |  |  | **Percentage of Net** |
|  |  |  | **(Charge-Offs)** |
|  | **Net** |  | **Recoveries to** |
|  | **(Charge-Offs)** | **Average** | **Average** |
|  | **Recoveries** | **Loans** | **Loans** |
| Construction & development | $5 | $44437 | 0.01% |
| Farmland |  | 29766 | 0.00% |
| Residential | 2 | 289445 | 0.00% |
| Commercial mortgage | 61 | 220897 | 0.03% |
| Commercial & agriculture | 45 | 34457 | 0.13% |
| SBA-PPP |  | 49438 | 0.00% |
| Consumer & other | (59) | 19147 | (0.31%) |
| Total | $54 | $687587 | 0.01% |

---

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 40

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

------

**Table 14. Allocation of the Allowance for Loan Losses (dollars in thousands)**

------

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** |
| **Balance at the end of the period applicable to:** | **Amount** | **% of**<br> **ALL to**<br> **Loans** | **% of**<br> **Loans to**<br> **Total Loans** | **Amount** | **% of**<br> **ALL to**<br> **Loans** | **% of**<br> **Loans to**<br> **Total Loans** |
| Construction & development | $526 | 1.06% | 6.59% | $484 | 1.09% | 6.48% |
| Farmland | 259 | 1.09% | 3.14% | 315 | 1.26% | 3.66% |
| Residential | 2820 | 0.79% | 47.49% | 2521 | 0.84% | 43.65% |
| Commercial mortgage | 2197 | 0.83% | 34.93% | 1908 | 0.83% | 33.66% |
| Commercial & agriculture | 312 | 0.79% | 5.22% | 321 | 0.84% | 5.62% |
| SBA-PPP |  | 0.00% | 0.01% |  | 0.00% | 3.59% |
| Consumer and other | 134 | 0.68% | 2.62% | 128 | 0.56% | 3.34% |
| Total | $6248 | 0.83% | 100.00% | $5677 | 0.83% | 100.00% |

---

------

**Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk**

The Bank is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Bank's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as for on-balance sheet instruments. A summary of the Bank's commitments at December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022** | **2021** |
| Commitments to extend credit | $163250 | $140526 |
| Standby letters of credit | 833 | 1161 |
|  | $164083 | $141687 |

---

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of credit, is based on management's credit evaluation of the party. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing commercial properties.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Collateral held varies as specified above and is required in instances which the Bank deems necessary.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 41

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**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

------

**Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk**

The principal goals of the Bank's asset and liability management strategy are the maintenance of adequate liquidity and the management of interest rate risk. Liquidity is the ability to convert assets to cash to fund depositors' withdrawals or borrowers' loans without significant loss. Interest rate risk management balances the effects of interest rate changes on assets that earn interest or liabilities on which interest is paid, to protect the Bank from wide fluctuations in its net interest income which could result from interest rate changes.

Management must ensure that adequate funds are available at all times to meet the needs of its customers. On the asset side of the balance sheet, maturing investments, loan payments, maturing loans, federal funds sold, and unpledged investment securities are principal sources of liquidity. On the liability side of the balance sheet, liquidity sources include core deposits, the ability to increase large denomination certificates, federal fund lines from correspondent banks, borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank, as well as the ability to generate funds through the issuance of long-term debt and equity.

The liquidity ratio (the level of liquid assets divided by total deposits plus short-term liabilities) was 14.4% at December 31, 2022 compared to 23.1% at December 31, 2021. These ratios are considered to be adequate by management.

The Bank uses cash and federal funds sold to meet its daily funding needs. If funding needs are met through holdings of excess cash and federal funds, then profits might be sacrificed as higher-yielding investments are foregone in the interest of liquidity. Therefore, management determines, based on such items as loan demand and deposit activity, an appropriate level of cash and federal funds and seeks to maintain that level.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 42

------

**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

------

The primary goals of the investment portfolio are liquidity management and maturity gap management. As investment securities mature the proceeds are reinvested in federal funds sold if the federal funds level needs to be increased, otherwise the proceeds are reinvested in similar investment securities. The majority of investment security transactions consist of replacing securities that have been called or matured. The Bank keeps a portion of its investment portfolio in unpledged assets that are less than 60 months to maturity or next repricing date. These investments are a preferred source of funds in that they can be disposed of in most interest rate environments without causing significant damage to that quarter's profits.

Interest rate risk is the effect that changes in interest rates would have on interest income and interest expense as interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities either reprice or mature. Management attempts to maintain the portfolios of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities with maturities or repricing opportunities at levels that will afford protection from erosion of net interest margin, to the extent practical, from changes in interest rates. Table 15 shows the sensitivity of the Bank's balance sheet on December 31, 2022. This table reflects the sensitivity of the balance sheet as of that specific date and is not necessarily indicative of the position on other dates. At December 31, 2022 the Bank appeared to be cumulatively asset-sensitive (interest-earning assets subject to interest rate changes exceeding interest-bearing liabilities subject to changes in interest rates). However, in the one year window liabilities subject to changes in interest rates exceed assets subject to interest rate changes (non asset-sensitive).

Matching sensitive positions alone does not ensure the Bank has no interest rate risk. The repricing characteristics of assets are different from the repricing characteristics of funding sources. Thus, net interest income can be impacted by changes in interest rates even if the repricing opportunities of assets and liabilities are perfectly matched.

------

**Table 15. Interest Rate Sensitivity (dollars in thousands)**

------

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2022**<br> **Maturities/Repricing**  | **December 31, 2022**<br> **Maturities/Repricing**  | **December 31, 2022**<br> **Maturities/Repricing**  | **December 31, 2022**<br> **Maturities/Repricing**  | **December 31, 2022**<br> **Maturities/Repricing**  |
|  | **1 to 3**<br> **Months**  | **4 to 12**<br> **Months**  | **13 to 60**<br> **Months**  | **Over 60**<br> **Months**  | **Total**  |
| **Interest-Earning Assets:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest bearing deposits | $10802 | $- | $- | $- | $10802 |
| Federal funds sold | 960 |  |  |  | 960 |
| Investments | 1584 |  | 11609 | 121958 | 135151 |
| Loans | 115340 | 30365 | 443208 | 165959 | 754872 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total | $128686 | $30365 | $454817 | $287917 | $901785 |
| **Interest-Bearing Liabilities:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest-bearing DDA accounts | $144540 | $- | $- | $- | $144540 |
| Money market | 87012 |  |  |  | 87012 |
| Savings | 194723 |  |  |  | 194723 |
| Time deposits | 21772 | 98842 | 62928 |  | 183542 |
| Borrowings |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total | $448047 | $98842 | $62928 | $- | $609817 |
| Interest sensitivity gap | $(319361) | $(68477) | $391889 | $287917 | $291968 |
| Cumulative interest sensitivity gap | $(319361) | $(387838) | $4501 | $291968 | $291968 |
| Ratio of sensitivity gap to total earning assets | -35.4% | -7.6% | 43.5% | 31.9% | 32.4% |
| Cumulative ratio of sensitivity gap to total earning assets | -35.4% | -43.0% | 0.5% | 32.4% | 32.4% |

---

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 43

------

**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

------

The Company uses a number of tools to monitor its interest rate risk, including simulating net interest income under various scenarios, monitoring the present value change in equity under the same scenarios, and monitoring the difference or gap between rate sensitive assets and rate sensitive liabilities over various time periods (as displayed in Table 15).

The earnings simulation model forecasts annual net income under a variety of scenarios that incorporate changes in the absolute level of interest rates, changes in the shape of the yield curve, and changes in interest rate relationships. Management evaluates the effect on net interest income and present value equity from gradual changes in rates of up to 400 basis points up or down over a 12-month period. Table 16 presents the Bank's twelve-month forecasts for changes in net interest income and market value of equity resulting from changes in rates of up to 400 basis points up or down, as of December 31, 2022.

------

**Table 16. Interest Rate Risk (dollars in thousands)**

------

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Rate Shocked Net Interest Income and Market Value of Equity** | **Rate Shocked Net Interest Income and Market Value of Equity** | **Rate Shocked Net Interest Income and Market Value of Equity** | **Rate Shocked Net Interest Income and Market Value of Equity** |  |
|  |  | **Change** | **% Change** |  |
|  | **Net** | **in Net** | **in Net** | **Market** |
| **Change in Interest Rates** | **Interest** | **Interest** | **Interest** | **Value** |
| **(Basis Points)** | **Income** | **Income** | **Income** | **of Equity** |
| +400 | $35300 | $(3204) | (8.32%) | $141647 |
| +300 | 36082 | (2422) | (6.29%) | 154418 |
| +200 | 36874 | (1630) | (4.23%) | 168139 |
| +100 | 37726 | (788) | (2.02%) | 182983 |
| 0 | 38504 |  |  | 193651 |
| -100 | 37198 | (1306) | (3.39%) | 194269 |
| -200 | 35395 | (3109) | (8.07%) | 185750 |
| -300 | 33554 | (4950) | (12.86%) | 174555 |
| -400 | 31827 | (6677) | (17.34%) | 160483 |

---

------

**Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices**

The consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes presented elsewhere in this document have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering the change in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all Company assets and liabilities are monetary in nature, therefore the impact of inflation is reflected primarily in the increased cost of operations. As a result, interest rates have a greater impact on performance than do the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 44

------

**Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis**

------

**Table 17. Financial Highlights<sup>1</sup>**

------

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022**  | **2021**  | **2020**  | **2019**  | **2018**  |
| **Summary of Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest income | $36567 | $34756 | $31744 | $30802 | $26186 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest expense | 1930 | 2429 | 3440 | 2869 | 1901 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net interest income | 34637 | 32327 | 28304 | 27933 | 24285 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Provision for loan losses | 606 | 723 | 1189 | 655 | 325 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other income | 6257 | 6568 | 5297 | 4915 | 4637 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other expense | 27488 | 26267 | 25098 | 23258 | 22857 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Income taxes | 2519 | 2423 | 1445 | 1780 | 1214 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net income | $10281 | $9482 | $5869 | $7155 | $4526 |
| **Per Share Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net income | $1.84 | $1.59 | $0.97 | $1.16 | $0.81 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cash dividends declared | 0.32 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.20 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Book value | 12.98 | 15.20 | 14.08 | 13.27 | 12.17 |
| **Year-end Balance Sheet Summary** |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loans, net | $748624 | $677855 | $659195 | $566460 | $532970 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Investment securities | 135151 | 129715 | 33507 | 32881 | 45428 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total assets | 997734 | 995848 | 855387 | 706290 | 680284 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deposits | 920327 | 898226 | 755528 | 611211 | 601868 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Stockholders' equity | 72936 | 85194 | 85106 | 81428 | 75622 |
| **Selected Ratios** |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Return on average assets | 1.01% | 1.01% | 0.75% | 1.05% | 0.75% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Return on average equity | 13.35% | 10.98% | 7.06% | 9.10% | 7.02% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dividend payout ratio | 17.48% | 17.13% | 26.96% | 20.74% | 24.81% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Average equity to average assets | 7.59% | 9.19% | 10.60% | 11.51% | 10.66% |

---

------

<sup>1</sup> In thousands of dollars, except per share data.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 45

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 7A.** | **Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.** |

---

Not applicable.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 8.** | **Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.** |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 46

------

![a1.jpg](a1.jpg)

**Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

To the stockholders and the board of directors of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. and Subsidiary:

**Opinion on the Financial Statements**

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. and Subsidiary (formerly Parkway Acquisition Corp. and Subsidiary) (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of income, other comprehensive income, changes in stockholders' equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

**Basis for Opinion**

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

**elliottdavis.com**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 47

------

**Critical Audit Matters**

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

*Allowance for Loan Losses* – *Qualitative Factors*

As described in Note 4 and Note 5 to the Company's financial statements, the Company's loan portfolio and associated allowance for loan losses (the "Allowance") totaled $754.9 million and $6.3 million, respectively, at December 31, 2022. As described in Note 1 and Note 5 to the financial statements, the Company's Allowance is an estimate of probable credit losses as of the balance sheet date and considers both unimpaired and impaired loans. Management's determination of the allowance for loan losses related to the Company's loan portfolio segment is generally based on the credit risk ratings and historical loss experience of individual borrowers, supplemented, as necessary, by credit judgment to address observed changes in trends and conditions, and other relevant environmental and economic factors such as concentrations of credit risk (geographic, large borrower, and industry), economic trends and conditions, changes in underwriting standards, experience and depth of lending staff, trends in delinquencies, and the level of net charge-offs (qualitative factor adjustments).

Auditing the Company's Allowance involved a high degree of subjectivity due to the judgment involved in management's identification and measurement of qualitative factor adjustments included in the estimate of the allowance for loan losses.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following, among others:

● We evaluated the relevance and the reasonableness of assumptions related to evaluation of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions, and other risk factors used in development of the qualitative factors for collectively evaluated loans.

● We evaluated the reasonableness of assumptions and data used by the Company in developing the qualitative factors by comparing these data points to internally developed and third-party sources, and other audit evidence gathered.

● We performed analytical procedures to evaluate changes that occurred in the allowance for loan losses for loans collectively evaluated for impairment.

/s/ Elliott Davis, PLLC

We have served as the Company's auditor since 1995.

Charlotte, North Carolina

March 28, 2023

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 48

------

**Consolidated Balance Sheets**

***December 31, 2022 and 2021***

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| **Assets** |  |  |
| Cash and due from banks | $19299 | $14349 |
| Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 10802 | 5986 |
| Federal funds sold | 960 | 95311 |
| Investment securities available for sale | 135151 | 129715 |
| Restricted equity securities | 1950 | 1971 |
| Loans, net of allowance for loan losses of $6,248 at December 31, 2022 and $5,677 at December 31, 2021 | 748624 | 677855 |
| Cash value of life insurance | 22484 | 18750 |
| Other real estate owned | 235 |  |
| Properties and equipment, net | 31753 | 30856 |
| Accrued interest receivable | 2979 | 2363 |
| Core deposit intangible | 1286 | 1764 |
| Goodwill | 3257 | 3257 |
| Deferred tax assets, net | 5744 | 1122 |
| Other assets | 13210 | 12549 |
|  | $997734 | $995848 |
| **Liabilities and Stockholders**' **Equity** |  |  |
| ***Liabilities*** |  |  |
| Deposits |  |  |
| Noninterest-bearing | $310510 | $298107 |
| Interest-bearing | 609817 | 600119 |
| Total deposits | 920327 | 898226 |
| Borrowings |  | 8200 |
| Accrued interest payable | 95 | 73 |
| Other liabilities | 4376 | 4155 |
|  | 924798 | 910654 |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 18) |  |  |
| ***Stockholders***' ***Equity*** |  |  |
| Preferred stock, no par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued |  |  |
| Common stock, no par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized, 5,617,416 and 5,606,216 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively |  |  |
| Surplus | 33613 | 33588 |
| Retained earnings | 62229 | 53745 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (22906) | (2139) |
|  | 72936 | 85194 |
|  | $997734 | $995848 |

---

***See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 49

------

**Consolidated Statements of Income**

***Years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021***

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands except share amounts)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| ***Interest income*** |  |  |
| Loans and fees on loans | $32687 | $33089 |
| Interest-bearing deposits with banks | 788 | 88 |
| Federal funds sold | 29 | 44 |
| Interest on taxable securities | 2716 | 1372 |
| Interest on nontaxable securities | 242 | 53 |
| Dividends | 105 | 110 |
|  | 36567 | 34756 |
| ***Interest expense***  |  |  |
| Deposits | 1742 | 2343 |
| Interest on borrowings | 188 | 86 |
|  | 1930 | 2429 |
| Net interest income | 34637 | 32327 |
| ***Provision for loan losses*** | 606 | 723 |
| Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 34031 | 31604 |
| ***Noninterest income*** |  |  |
| Service charges on deposit accounts | 1906 | 1541 |
| Other service charges and fees | 3171 | 2606 |
| Net realized gains (losses) on securities | (10) | 265 |
| Mortgage origination fees | 399 | 1061 |
| Increase in cash value of life insurance | 513 | 446 |
| Life insurance income | 217 |  |
| Other income | 61 | 649 |
|  | 6257 | 6568 |
| ***Noninterest expenses*** |  |  |
| Salaries and employee benefits | 14823 | 14680 |
| Occupancy and equipment | 4410 | 3618 |
| Data processing expense | 1971 | 2026 |
| FDIC Assessments | 430 | 430 |
| Advertising | 657 | 702 |
| Bank franchise tax | 506 | 499 |
| Director fees | 354 | 368 |
| Professional fees | 684 | 639 |
| Telephone expense | 482 | 390 |
| Core deposit intangible amortization | 478 | 595 |
| Other expense | 2693 | 2320 |
|  | 27488 | 26267 |
| Income before income taxes | 12800 | 11905 |
| ***Income tax expense*** | 2519 | 2423 |
| ***Net income*** | $10281 | $9482 |
| ***Basic earnings per share*** | $1.84 | $1.59 |
| ***Weighted average shares outstanding*** | 5588394 | 5967751 |
| ***Dividends declared per share*** | $0.32 | $0.27 |

---

***See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 50

------

**Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income** 

***Years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021***

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022**  | **2021**  |
| **Net Income** | $10281 | $9482 |
| **Other comprehensive income** |  |  |
| Net change in pension reserve: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Change in pension reserve during the year | (1648) | 558 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tax related to change in pension reserve | 346 | (117) |
| Unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unrealized losses arising during the year | (24650) | (2340) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tax related to unrealized losses | 5177 | 490 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Reclassification of net realized (gains) losses during the year | 10 | (265) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tax related to net realized gains (losses) | (2) | 56 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total other comprehensive loss** | (20767) | (1618) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total comprehensive income (loss)** | $(10486) | $7864 |

---

***See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 51

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**Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders**' **Equity**

***Years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021***

------

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands except share amounts)** | **(dollars in thousands except share amounts)** |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | **Accumulated** |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | **Other** |  |
|  | ***Common Stock***  | ***Common Stock***  |  | ***Retained*** | ***Comprehensive*** |  |
|  | ***Shares***  | ***Amount***  | ***Surplus***  | ***Earnings***  | ***Loss***  | ***Total***  |
| ***Balance, December 31, 2020*** | 6045775 | $- | $39740 | $45887 | $(521) | $85106 |
| Net income | *-* |  |  | 9482 |  | 9482 |
| Other comprehensive loss | *-* |  |  |  | (1618) | (1618) |
| Dividends paid ($0.27 per share) | *-* |  |  | (1624) |  | (1624) |
| Restricted stock Issued | 14500 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Stock awards Issued | 8700 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Share-based compensation | *-* |  | 155 |  |  | 155 |
| Common stock repurchased | (462759) |  | (6307) |  |  | (6307) |
| ***Balance, December 31, 2021*** | 5606216 | $- | $33588 | $53745 | $(2139) | $85194 |
| Net income | *-* |  |  | 10281 |  | 10281 |
| Other comprehensive loss | *-* |  |  |  | (20767) | (20767) |
| Dividends paid ($0.32 per share) | *-* |  |  | (1797) |  | (1797) |
| Restricted stock Issued | 14500 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Stock awards Issued | 8700 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Share-based compensation | *-* |  | 179 |  |  | 179 |
| Common stock repurchased | (12000) |  | (154) |  |  | (154) |
| ***Balance, December 31, 2022*** | 5617416 | $- | $33613 | $62229 | $(22906) | $72936 |

---

***See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 52

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**Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows**

***Years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021***

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| ***Cash flows from operating activities*** |  |  |
| Net income | $10281 | $9482 |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations: |  |  |
| Depreciation | 1690 | 1492 |
| Amortization of core deposit intangible | 478 | 595 |
| Accretion of loan discount and deposit premium, net | (415) | (1048) |
| Provision for loan loss | 606 | 723 |
| Deferred income taxes | 899 | 327 |
| Net realized losses (gains) on securities | 10 | (265) |
| Accretion of discount on securities, net of amortization of premiums | 236 | 360 |
| Deferred compensation | 166 | 16 |
| Share-based compensation | 179 | 155 |
| Adjustment of carrying value of other real estate owned | 72 |  |
| Losses on sale of properties and equipment | 6 | 8 |
| Life insurance income | (217) |  |
| Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| Cash value of life insurance | (513) | (446) |
| Accrued interest receivable | (616) | (8) |
| Other assets | (2123) | (1424) |
| Accrued interest payable | 22 | (51) |
| Other liabilities | (131) | (363) |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 10630 | 9553 |
| ***Cash flows from investing activities*** |  |  |
| Activity in available for sale securities: |  |  |
| Purchases | (45181) | (117526) |
| Sales | 2507 | 8619 |
| Maturities/calls/paydowns | 12352 | 9999 |
| Redemption of restricted equity securities | 21 | 445 |
| Net increase in loans | (71010) | (18443) |
| Purchases of life insurance contracts | (3500) |  |
| Proceeds from life insurance contracts | 496 |  |
| Purchases of property and equipment | (3795) | (5825) |
| Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 895 | 60 |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (107215) | (122671) |
| ***Cash flows from financing activities*** |  |  |
| Net increase in deposits | 22151 | 142806 |
| Repayment of FHLB advances | (5000) | (5000) |
| Advance on short-term line of credit | 150 | 3200 |
| Payment on short-term line of credit | (3350) |  |
| Common stock repurchased | (154) | (6307) |
| Dividends paid | (1797) | (1624) |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 12000 | 133075 |
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (84585) | 19957 |
| ***Cash and cash equivalents, beginning*** | 115646 | 95689 |
| ***Cash and cash equivalents, ending*** | $31061 | $115646 |

---

***See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 53

------

**Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows**

***Years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021***

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022**  | **2021**  |
| ***Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest paid | $1908 | $2480 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Taxes paid | $1218 | $2273 |
| ***Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing activities*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Effect on equity of change in net unrealized loss on available for sale securities | $(19465) | $(2059) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Effect on equity of change in funded pension liability | $(1302) | $441 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transfer of bank property to other real estate owned | $307 | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $327 | $11 |

---

***See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 54

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**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

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**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies**

***Organization***

Skyline Bankshares, Inc. (formerly Parkway Acquisition Corp.) (the "Company"), is a bank holding company headquartered in Floyd, Virginia. The Company offers a wide range of retail and commercial banking services through its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Skyline National Bank (the "Bank"). On *January 1, 2023,* the Company changed its name from Parkway Acquisition Corp. to Skyline Bankshares, Inc. to align its brand across the entire organization.

The Company was incorporated as a Virginia corporation on *November 2, 2015.* The Company was formed as a business combination shell company for the purpose of completing a business combination transaction between Grayson Bankshares, Inc. ("Grayson") and Cardinal Bankshares Corporation ("Cardinal"). On *November 6, 2015,* Grayson, Cardinal and the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which Grayson and Cardinal merged with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving corporation (the "Cardinal merger"). The merger agreement established exchange ratios under which each share of Grayson common stock was converted to the right to receive 1.76 shares of common stock of the Company, while each share of Cardinal common stock was converted to the right to receive 1.30 shares of common stock of the Company. The exchange ratios resulted in Grayson shareholders receiving approximately 60% of the newly issued shares of the Company and Cardinal shareholders receiving approximately 40% of the newly issued shares of the Company. The Cardinal merger was completed on *July 1, 2016.* Grayson was considered the acquiror and Cardinal was considered the acquiree in the transaction for accounting purposes. Upon completion of the Cardinal merger, the Bank of Floyd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cardinal, was merged with and into the Bank (formerly Grayson National Bank), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Grayson. Effective *March 13, 2017,* the Bank changed its name to Skyline National Bank.

On *March 1, 2018,* the Company entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which the Company acquired Great State Bank ("Great State"), based in Wilkesboro, North Carolina. The agreement provided for the merger of Great State with and into the Bank, with the Bank as the surviving bank (the "Great State merger"). The transaction closed and the merger became effective on *July 1, 2018.* Each share of Great State common stock was converted into the right to receive 1.21 shares of the Company's common stock. The Company issued 1,191,899 shares and recognized $15.5 million in surplus in the Great State merger. The Company was considered the acquiror and Great State was considered the acquiree in the transaction for accounting purposes.

The Bank was organized under the laws of the United States in *1900* and now serves the Virginia counties of Grayson, Floyd, Carroll, Wythe, Pulaski, Montgomery and Roanoke, and the North Carolina counties of Alleghany, Ashe, Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Cleveland, Davie, Watauga, Wilkes, and Yadkin, and the surrounding areas, through *twenty-five* full-service banking offices. As a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured national banking association, the Bank is subject to regulation by the Comptroller of the Currency and the FDIC. The Company is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

***Critical Accounting Policies***

Management believes the policies with respect to the methodology for the determination of the allowance for loan losses, and asset impairment judgments, such as the recoverability of intangible assets and other-than-temporary impairment of investment securities, involve a higher degree of complexity and require management to make difficult and subjective judgments that often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. Changes in these judgments, assumptions or estimates could cause reported results to differ materially. These critical policies and their application are periodically reviewed with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors.

***Principles of Consolidation***

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Bank, which is wholly owned. All significant, intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

***Business Segments***

The Company reports its activities as a single business segment. In determining the appropriateness of segment definition, the Company considers components of the business about which financial information is available and regularly evaluated relative to resource allocation and performance assessment.

*55*

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**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

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**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Business Combinations***

Generally, acquisitions are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") *805,* Business Combinations. A business combination occurs when the Company acquires net assets that constitute a business, or acquires equity interests in *one* or more other entities that are businesses and obtains control over those entities. Business combinations are effected through the transfer of consideration consisting of cash and/or common stock and are accounted for using the acquisition method. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the acquired entity are recorded at their respective fair values as of the closing date of the acquisition. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities, especially the loan portfolio, is a complicated process involving significant judgment regarding methods and assumptions used to calculate estimated fair values. Fair values are subject to refinement for up to *one* year after the closing date of the acquisition as information relative to closing date fair values becomes available. The results of operations of an acquired entity are included in our consolidated results from the closing date of the merger, and prior periods are *not* restated. *No* allowance for loan losses related to the acquired loans is recorded on the acquisition date because the fair value of the loans acquired incorporates assumptions regarding future credit losses. The fair value estimates associated with the acquired loans include estimates related to expected prepayments and the amount and timing of expected principal, interest and other cash flows.

***Use of Estimates***

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans. In connection with the determination of the allowances for loan and foreclosed real estate losses, management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties.

Substantially all of the Bank's loan portfolio consists of loans in its market area. Accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the Bank's loan portfolio and the recovery of a substantial portion of the carrying amount of foreclosed real estate are susceptible to changes in local market conditions. The regional economy is diverse, but influenced to an extent by the manufacturing and agricultural segments.

While management uses available information to recognize loan and foreclosed real estate losses, future additions to the allowances *may* be necessary based on changes in local economic conditions. In addition, regulatory agencies, as a part of their routine examination process, periodically review the Bank's allowances for loan and foreclosed real estate losses. Such agencies *may* require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowances based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examinations. Because of these factors, it is reasonably possible that the allowances for loan and foreclosed real estate losses *may* change materially in the near term.

The Company seeks strategies that minimize the tax effect of implementing their business strategies. As such, judgments are made regarding the ultimate consequence of long-term tax planning strategies, including the likelihood of future recognition of deferred tax benefits. The Company's tax returns are subject to examination by both Federal and State authorities. Such examinations *may* result in the assessment of additional taxes, interest and penalties. As a result, the ultimate outcome, and the corresponding financial statement impact, can be difficult to predict with accuracy.

Accounting for pension benefits, costs and related liabilities are developed using actuarial valuations. These valuations include key assumptions determined by management, including the discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. Material changes in pension costs *may* occur in the future due to changes in these assumptions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *56*

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**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

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**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Cash and Cash Equivalents***

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash and amounts due from banks (including cash items in process of collection), interest-bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold.

***Trading Securities***

The Company does *not* hold securities for short-term resale and therefore does *not* maintain a trading securities portfolio.

***Securities Held to Maturity***

Bonds, notes, and debentures for which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are reported at amortized cost. The Company does *not* currently hold any securities classified as held to maturity.

***Securities Available for Sale***

Available for sale securities are reported at fair value and consist of mortgage-backed, U.S. government agencies, corporate, and state and municipal securities *not* classified as trading securities or as held to maturity securities.

Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of tax, on available for sale securities are reported as a net amount in a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses on the sale of available for sale securities are determined using the specific-identification method. The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using the effective interest method over the period to maturity for discounts and the earlier of call date or maturity for premiums.

Declines in the fair value of individual held to maturity and available for sale securities below cost that are other than temporary are reflected as write-downs of the individual securities to fair value. Related write-downs are included in earnings as realized losses.

***Loans Receivable***

Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or pay-off are reported at their outstanding principal amount adjusted for any charge-offs and the allowance for loan losses. Loan origination costs are capitalized and recognized as an adjustment to yield over the life of the related loan.

Interest is accrued and credited to income based on the principal amount outstanding. The accrual of interest on impaired loans is discontinued when, in management's opinion, the borrower *may* be unable to meet payments as they become due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. Payments received are *first* applied to principal, and any remaining funds are then applied to interest. When facts and circumstances indicate the borrower has regained the ability to meet the required payments, the loan is returned to accrual status. Past due status of loans is determined based on contractual terms.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *57*

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**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

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**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Loans Receivable, continued***

*Purchased Performing Loans* – The Company accounts for performing loans acquired in business combinations using the contractual cash flows method of recognizing discount accretion based on the acquired loans' contractual cash flows. Purchased performing loans are recorded at fair value, including a credit discount. The fair value discount is accreted as an adjustment to yield over the estimated lives of the loans. There is *no* allowance for loan losses established at the acquisition date for purchased performing loans. A provision for loan losses is recorded for any further deterioration in these loans subsequent to the acquisition.

*Purchased Credit-Impaired (*"*PCI*"*) Loans* – Loans purchased with evidence of credit deterioration since origination, and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will *not* be collected, are considered credit impaired. Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of the purchase date *may* include statistics such as internal risk grade and past due and nonaccrual status. Purchased impaired loans generally meet the Company's definition for nonaccrual status. PCI loans are initially measured at fair value, which reflects estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Accordingly, the associated allowance for credit losses related to these loans is *not* carried over at the acquisition date. Any excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan when there is a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of such cash flows. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable difference, and is available to absorb credit losses on those loans. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses. Subsequent significant increases in cash flows result in a reversal of the provision for loan losses to the extent of prior charges, or a reclassification of the nonaccretable difference with a positive impact on future interest income.

***Allowance for Loan Losses***

The allowance for loan losses is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance, or portion thereof, is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management's periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that *may* affect the borrower's ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component is calculated on an individual basis for larger-balance, non-homogeneous loans, which are considered impaired. A specific allowance is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value (less disposal costs), or observable market price of the impaired loan is lower than its carrying value. The specific component of the allowance for smaller- balance loans whose terms have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") is calculated on a pooled basis considering historical experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The general component covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management's estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *58*

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**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

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**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Allowance for Loan Losses, continued***

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are *not* classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis for all loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's obtainable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Bank does *not* separately identify individual consumer and residential loans for impairment disclosures, unless such loans are the subject of a restructuring agreement.

***Troubled Debt Restructurings***

Under GAAP, the Bank is required to account for certain loan modifications or restructurings as "troubled debt restructurings" or "troubled debt restructured loans." In general, the modification or restructuring of a debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring if the Bank for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties grants a concession to the borrower that the Bank would *not* otherwise consider. Debt restructuring or loan modifications for a borrower do *not* necessarily always constitute a troubled debt restructuring, however, and troubled debt restructurings do *not* necessarily result in non-accrual loans.

***Operating, Accounting and Reporting Considerations related to COVID-*19***

The COVID-*19* pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, including our market area. In response to this crisis, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act was passed by Congress and signed into law on *March 27, 2020.* The CARES Act provided an estimated *$2.2* trillion to fight the COVID-*19* pandemic and stimulate the economy by supporting individuals and businesses through loans, grants, tax changes, and other types of relief. Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are *not* limited to:

*Accounting for Loan Modifications* – Section *4013* of the CARES Act provides that a financial institution *may* elect to suspend (*1*) the requirements under GAAP for certain loan modifications that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR and (*2*) any determination that such loan modifications would be considered a TDR, including the related impairment for accounting purposes. See Note *5* Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans for more information.

*Paycheck Protection Program* - The CARES Act established the Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program ("SBA-PPP"), an expansion of the Small Business Administration's ("SBA") *7*(a) loan program and the Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program, administered directly by the SBA. On *December 27, 2020* the Consolidated Appropriations Act ("CAA"), *2021* was signed into law. The CAA provided several amendments to the SBA-PPP, including additional funding for *first* and *second* draws of SBA-PPP loans up to *May 31, 2021.* The Company is a participant in the SBA-PPP. See Note *4* Loans Receivable for more information.

*59*

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**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

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**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Operating, Accounting and Reporting Considerations related to COVID-*19,* continued***

Also, in response to the COVID-*19* pandemic, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("FRB"), the FDIC, the National Credit Union Administration, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency ("OCC"), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, in consultation with the state financial regulators (collectively, the "agencies") issued a joint interagency statement (issued *March 22, 2020;* revised statement issued *April 7, 2020).* Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are *not* limited to:

*Accounting for Loan Modifications* - Loan modifications that do *not* meet the conditions of the CARES Act *may* still qualify as a modification that does *not* need to be accounted for as a TDR. The agencies confirmed with FASB staff that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-*19* to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are *not* TDRs. This includes short-term modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or insignificant delays in payment. See Note *5* Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans for more information.

*Past Due Reporting* - With regard to loans *not* otherwise reportable as past due, financial institutions are *not* expected to designate loans with deferrals granted due to COVID-*19* as past due because of the deferrals. A loan's payment date is governed by the due date stipulated in the legal agreement. If a financial institution agrees to a payment deferral, these loans would *not* be considered past due during the period of the deferral.

*Nonaccrual Status and Charge-offs* - During short-term COVID-*19* modifications, these loans generally should *not* be reported as nonaccrual or as classified.

The Company offered short-term loan modifications to assist borrowers during the COVID-*19* pandemic. These modifications generally involved principal and/or interest payment deferrals for up to *six* months. These modifications generally meet the criteria of both Section *4013* of the CARES Act and the joint interagency statement, and therefore, the Company did *not* account for such loan modifications as TDRs. As the COVID-*19* pandemic persisted in negatively impacting the economy, the Company offered additional loan modifications to borrowers struggling as a result of COVID-*19.* Similar to the initial modifications granted, the additional round of loan modifications were granted specifically under Section *4013* of the CARES Act and generally involved principal and/or interest payment deferrals for up to an additional *six* months for commercial and consumer loans, and principal-only deferrals for up to an additional *12* months for selected commercial loans. On *August 3, 2020,* the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council ("FFIEC") on behalf of its members issued a joint statement on additional loan accommodations related to COVID-*19.* The joint statement clarified that for loan modifications in which Section *4013* is being applied, subsequent modifications could also be eligible under Section *4013.* To be eligible, each loan modification had to be (*1*) related to the COVID-*19* event; (*2*) executed on a loan that was *not* more than *30* days past due as of *December 31, 2019;* and (*3*) executed between *March 1, 2020,* and the earlier of (A) *60* days after the date of termination of the National Emergency or (B) *December 31, 2020.* The *December 31, 2020* deadline was subsequently extended to *January 1, 2022* by the CAA. Substantially all of the Company's additional round of loan modifications granted under Section *4013* of the CARES Act are in compliance with the aforementioned FFIEC requirements. Accordingly, the Company did *not* account for such loan modifications as TDRs.

*60*

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**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

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**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program***

The SBA-PPP is *one* of the centerpieces of the CARES Act. Overseen by the U.S. Treasury Department, the SBA-PPP offered cash-flow assistance to nonprofit and small business employers through guaranteed loans for expenses incurred between *February 15, 2020,* and *August 8, 2020.* Borrowers are eligible for forgiveness of principal and accrued interest on SBA-PPP loans to the extent that the proceeds are used to cover eligible payroll costs, interest costs, rent, and utility costs over a period between *eight* and *24*-weeks after the loan is made as long as the borrower retains its employees and their compensation levels. The CARES Act authorized the SBA to temporarily guarantee these loans.

As a qualified SBA lender, we were automatically authorized to originate SBA-PPP loans and began taking applications on *April 3, 2020.* An eligible business could apply for a SBA-PPP loan up to the lesser of: (*1*) *2.5* times its average monthly "payroll costs;" or (*2*) *$10.0* million. SBA-PPP loans have: (a) an interest rate of *1.0%,* (b) a *two*-year or *five*-year term to maturity; and (c) principal and interest payments deferred for *six* months from the date of disbursement. The SBA will guarantee *100%* of the SBA-PPP loans made to eligible borrowers. The entire principal amount of the borrower's SBA-PPP loan, including any accrued interest, is eligible to be reduced by the loan forgiveness amount under the SBA-PPP, subject to certain eligibility requirements and conditions.

Due to the unique nature of these provisions, SBA-PPP loans have been disclosed as a separate loan class. Origination fees received by the SBA are capitalized into the carrying amount of the loans. The deferred fee income, net of origination costs, is recognized over the life of the loan as an adjustment to yield using the straight-line method.

The allowance for loan losses for SBA-PPP loans originated during *2021* and *2020* were separately evaluated given the explicit government guarantee. This analysis, which incorporated historical experience with similar SBA guarantees and underwriting, concluded the likelihood of loss was remote and therefore these loans were assigned a *zero* expected credit loss in the allowance for loan losses.

***Property and Equipment***

Land is carried at cost. Bank premises, furniture and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization computed principally by the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Years | Years | Years | Years |
| Buildings and improvements |  | 10 | *-* | 40 |
| Furniture and equipment |  | 5 | *-* | 12 |

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***Other Real Estate Owned***

Other real estate owned represents properties acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure and former branch sites that have been closed and for which there are *no* intentions to re-open or otherwise use the location. These properties are to be sold and are initially recorded at fair value less anticipated cost to sell, establishing a new cost basis. After acquisition, valuations are periodically performed by management and the other real estate owned is carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in other expenses on the consolidated statements of income.

*61*

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**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

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**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Share-Based Compensation***

The Parkway Acquisition Corp. *2020* Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan") was adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company on *March 17, 2020* and approved by the Company's shareholders on *August 18, 2020.* The Plan permits the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, and stock awards to key employees and non-employee directors of the Company or its subsidiaries.

As of *December 31, 2022,* only restricted stock awards have been issued to key employees and stock awards have been issued to non-employee directors. The fair value of the stock awards or restricted stock is determined based on the closing price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense related to restricted stock on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for service-based awards. See additional discussion of share-based compensation in Note *15* to the consolidated financial statements.  ****

***Pension Plan***

Prior to the Cardinal merger, both Grayson National Bank ("Grayson") and Bank of Floyd ("Floyd") had qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plans in place which covered substantially all of each bank's employees. The benefits in each plan are primarily based on years of service and earnings. Both Grayson and Floyd plans were amended to freeze benefit accruals for all eligible employees prior to the effective date of the Cardinal merger. Grayson's plan is a single-employer plan, the funded status of which is measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation. Floyd's plan is a multi-employer plan for accounting purposes and is a multiple-employer plan under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of *1974* and the Internal Revenue Code.

***Transfers of Financial Assets***

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (*1*) the assets have been isolated from the Bank; (*2*) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets; and (*3*) the Bank does *not* maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets.

***Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets***

Goodwill arises from business combinations and is generally determined as the excess of fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquire, over the fair value of the nets assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are *not* amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently in events and circumstances exists that indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. The Company has selected *November 1* as the date to perform the annual impairment test. The annual impairment test was performed for *November 1, 2022,* with *no* impairment found on the goodwill. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on our balance sheet.

Other intangible assets consist of core deposit intangibles that represent the value of long-term deposit relationships acquired in a business combination. Core deposit intangibles are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the deposit accounts acquired. The core deposit intangible as a result of the Cardinal merger, is amortized over an estimated useful life of twenty years on an accelerated basis. For the core deposit intangible as a result of the Great State merger, we used an estimated useful life of seven years on an accelerated basis for the amortization.

***Cash Value of Life Insurance***

The Bank is owner and beneficiary of life insurance policies on certain current and former employees and directors. The Company records these policies in the consolidated balance sheets at cash surrender value, with changes recorded in noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income.

*62*

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**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

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**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Revenue Recognition***

*Service Charges on Deposit Accounts -* Service charges on deposit accounts consist of monthly service fees, overdraft and nonsufficient funds fees, wire transfer fees and other deposit account related fees. The Company's performance obligation for monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers' accounts. Wire transfer fees, overdraft and nonsufficient funds fees, and other deposit account related fees are transactional based, and therefore, the Company's performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Fees for these services for the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021* amounted to $1.9 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

*Mortgage Origination Fees* – Mortgage origination fees consist of commissions received on mortgage loans closed in the secondary market. The Company acts as an intermediary between the Company's customer and companies that specialize in mortgage lending in the secondary market. The Company's performance obligation is generally satisfied when the mortgage loan is closed and funded and the Company receives its commission at that time. Fees for these services for the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021* amounted to $399 thousand and $1.1 million, respectively.

*Other Service Charges and Fees -* Other service charges include safety deposit box rental fees, check ordering charges, and other service charges. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Company determined that since rentals and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of the performance obligation. Check ordering charges are transactional based, and therefore, the Company's performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. In addition, the following items are also included in other service charges and fees on the consolidated statements of income:

● ATM, Credit and Debit Card Fees *-* ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Credit and debit card fees are primarily comprised of interchange fee income and merchant services income. Interchange fees are earned whenever the Company's debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa or Mastercard. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees. The Company's performance obligation for ATM fees, interchange fee income, and merchant services income are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month. Fees for these services for the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021* amounted to $2.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively.

● Insurance and Investment *-* Insurance income primarily consists of commissions received on insurance product sales. The Company acts as an intermediary between the Company's customer and the insurance carrier. The Company's performance obligation is generally satisfied upon the issuance of the insurance policy. Shortly after the insurance policy is issued, the carrier remits the commission payment to the Company, and the Company recognizes the revenue. Investment income consists of recurring revenue streams such as commissions from sales of mutual funds and other investments. Commissions from the sale of mutual funds and other investments are recognized on trade date, which is when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation. The Company also receives periodic service fees (i.e., trailers) from mutual fund companies typically based on a percentage of net asset value. Trailer revenue is recorded over time, usually monthly or quarterly, as net asset value is determined. For the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021* the Company received $56 thousand and $60 thousand, respectively in income from these services.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *63*

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**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

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**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Leases***

We have performed an evaluation of our leasing contracts and activities. We have developed our methodology to estimate the right-of use assets and lease liabilities, which is based on the present value of lease payments. There was *not* a material change to the timing of expense recognition. See additional discussion of leases in Note *8* to the consolidated financial statements.

***Income Taxes***

Provision for income taxes is based on amounts reported in the statements of income (after exclusion of non-taxable income such as interest on state and municipal securities) and consists of taxes currently due plus deferred taxes on temporary differences in the recognition of income and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in the financial statements at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.

Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are recognized if it is more likely than *not,* based on the technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term more likely than *not* means a likelihood of more than *50* percent; the terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more likely than *not* recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than *50* percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or *not* a tax position has met the more likely than *not* recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management's judgment. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more likely than *not* that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will *not* be realized.

**Advertising Expense**

The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021* amounted to $657 thousand and $702 thousand, respectively.

***Basic Earnings per Share***

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, after giving retroactive effect to stock splits and dividends. For the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* there were *no* dilutive instruments.

*64*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Comprehensive Income***

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale and changes in the funded status of the pension plan which are also recognized as separate components of equity. The accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Unrealized Gains**<br> **And Losses**<br> **On Available for**<br> **Sale Securities** | **Defined Benefit**<br> **Pension Items** | **Total** |
| **Balance, December 31, 2020** | $582 | $(1103) | $(521) |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before Reclassifications | (1850) | 441 | (1409) |
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | (209) |  | (209) |
| **Balance, December 31, 2021** | $(1477) | $(662) | $(2139) |
| **Balance, December 31, 2021** | $(1477) | $(662) | $(2139) |
| Other comprehensive loss before Reclassifications | (19473) | (1302) | (20775) |
| Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 8 |  | 8 |
| **Balance, December 31, 2022** | $(20942) | $(1964) | $(22906) |

---

***Off-Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments***

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit, including commitments under line of credit arrangements, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

***Fair Value of Financial Instruments***

Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note *12.* Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.

***Reclassification***

Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years' financial statements to place them on a comparable basis with the current presentation. Net income and stockholders' equity previously reported were *not* affected by these reclassifications.

*65*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Recent Accounting Pronouncements***

The following accounting standards *may* affect the future financial reporting by the Company:

In *June 2016,* the FASB issued ASU *No. 2016*-*13, Financial Instruments*—*Credit Losses (Topic *326*): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,* to change the accounting for credit losses to a current expected credit losses ("CECL") model and modify the impairment model for certain debt securities. The CECL model will estimate lifetime "expected credit losses" and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the financial assets. The CECL framework is expected to result in earlier recognition of credit losses and is expected to be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of the Company's loan portfolio, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts. The Company will initially apply the impact of the new guidance through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption, which, for the Company, is *January 1, 2023.* Future adjustments to credit loss expectations will be recorded through the income statement as charges or credits to earnings. The Company has substantially completed its CECL model and continues to make enhancements to its estimate of expected credit losses as of *January 1, 2023* based on internal analysis and consultations with *third*-party vendors. At this time the company expects its allowance for loan losses will decrease to $6.1 million upon adoption compared to its allowance for loan losses of $6.3 million at *December 31, 2022.* In addition, the Company expects to recognize a liability for unfunded commitments of approximately $286 thousand upon adoption. The impact of the initial adoption will be reflected in the Company's financial statements included in its quarterly report on Form *10*-Q for the period ending *March 31, 2023.*

In *January 2017,* the FASB amended the Goodwill and Other Topic of the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment for public business entities and other entities that have goodwill reported in their financial statements and have *not* elected the private company alternative for the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The amendment removes Step *2* of the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, *not* to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The effective date and transition requirements for the technical corrections will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after *December 15, 2022.* Early adoption is permitted for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after *January 1, 2017.*

In *May 2019,* the FASB issued guidance to provide entities with an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option, applied on an instrument-by-instrument basis for eligible instruments, upon adoption of ASU *2016*-*13,* Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The amendments will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after *December 15, 2022.* The Company does *not* expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In *November 2019,* the FASB issued guidance that addresses issues raised by stakeholders during the implementation of ASU *2016*-*13.* The amendments affect a variety of Topics in the ASC. For entities that have *not* yet adopted the amendments in ASU *2016*-*13,* the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after *December 15, 2022,* including interim periods within those fiscal. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period as long as an entity has adopted the amendments in ASU *2016*-*13.* The Company does *not* expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In *November 2019,* the FASB issued guidance to defer the effective dates for private companies, *not*-for-profit organizations, and certain smaller reporting companies applying standards on CECL. Since the Company is a smaller reporting company, the new effect date for CECL will be fiscal years beginning after *December 15, 2022,* including interim periods within those fiscal years.

In *March 2020,* the FASB issued guidance to provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The amendments are effective as of *March 12, 2020* through *December 31, 2022.* The Company does *not* expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

*66*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *1.* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, continued**

***Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued***

In *August 2021,* the FASB issued amendments to update SEC paragraphs in the ASC to reflect the issuance of SEC Release *No. 33*-*10786,* Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses, and *No. 33*-*10835,* Update of Statistical Disclosures for Bank and Savings and Loan Registrants. The amendments are effective upon issuance. The Company does *not* expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In *March 2022,* the FASB issued ASU *No. 2022*-*02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic *326*), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.* ASU *2022*-*02* addresses areas identified by the FASB as part of its post-implementation review of the credit losses standard (ASU *2016*-*13*) that introduced the CECL model. The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted the CECL model and enhance the disclosure requirements for loan refinancings and restructurings made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require a public business entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively, except for the transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, an entity has the option to apply a modified retrospective transition method, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. For entities that have adopted ASU *2016*-*13,* ASU *2022*-*02* is effective for fiscal years beginning after *December 15, 2022,* including interim periods within those fiscal years. For entities that have *not* yet adopted ASU *2016*-*13,* the effective dates for ASU *2022*-*02* are the same as the effective dates in ASU *2016*-*13.* Early adoption is permitted if an entity has adopted ASU *2016*-*13.* An entity *may* elect to early adopt the amendments about TDRs and related disclosure enhancements separately from the amendments related to vintage disclosures. The Company does *not* expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In *June 2022,* the FASB issued amendments to clarify the guidance on the fair value measurement of an equity security that is subject to a contractual sale restriction and require specific disclosures related to such an equity security. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after *December 15, 2023,* including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does *not* expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In *December 2022,* the FASB issued amendments to extend the period of time preparers can use the reference rate reform relief guidance under ASC Topic *848* from *December 31, 2022,* to *December 31, 2024,* to address the fact that all London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") tenors were *not* discontinued as of *December 31, 2021,* and some tenors will be published until *June 2023.* The amendments are effective immediately for all entities and applied prospectively. The Company does *not* expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are *not* expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

**Note *2.* Restrictions on Cash**

The Bank is required to maintain vault cash on hand or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank based on the amount of certain customer deposits, mainly checking accounts. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve lowered the reserve requirement ratios on transaction accounts to zero percent effective *March 26, 2020,* therefore, there were no required reserve balances as of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021.*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 67

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *3.* Investment Securities**

Investment securities have been classified in the consolidated balance sheets according to management's intent. The amortized cost of securities and their approximate fair values at *December 31* follow:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Amortized**<br> **Cost** | **Unrealized**<br> **Gains** | **Unrealized**<br> **Losses** | **Fair**<br> **Value** |
| <u>**2022**</u> |  |  |  |  |
| ***Available for sale:*** |  |  |  |  |
| U.S. Treasury securities | $4980 | $- | $(146) | $4834 |
| U.S. Government agencies | 25025 |  | (4179) | 20846 |
| Mortgage-backed securities | 78755 |  | (11485) | 67270 |
| Corporate securities | 1500 |  |  | 1500 |
| State and municipal securities | 51400 | 16 | (10715) | 40701 |
|  | $161660 | $16 | $(26525) | $135151 |
| **<u>2021</u>** |  |  |  |  |
| ***Available for sale:*** |  |  |  |  |
| U.S. Government agencies | $20333 | $7 | $(191) | $20149 |
| Mortgage-backed securities | 64437 | 208 | (1334) | 63311 |
| Corporate securities | 1500 |  |  | 1500 |
| State and municipal securities | 45314 | 189 | (748) | 44755 |
|  | $131584 | $404 | $(2273) | $129715 |

---

Restricted equity securities totaled $2.0 million at *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* respectively. Restricted equity securities consist of investments in stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB"), CBB Financial Corp., Pacific Coast Bankers Bank, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, all of which are carried at cost. All of these entities are upstream correspondents of the Bank. The FHLB requires financial institutions to make equity investments in the FHLB in order to borrow money. The Bank is required to hold that stock so long as it borrows from the FHLB. The Federal Reserve requires Banks to purchase stock as a condition for membership in the Federal Reserve System. The Bank's stock in CBB Financial Corp. and Pacific Coast Bankers Bank is restricted only in the fact that the stock *may* only be repurchased by the respective banks.

The following tables details unrealized losses and related fair values in the Company's available for sale investment securities portfolios. This information is aggregated by the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of *December 31, 2022* and *2021.*

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Less Than 12 Months** | **Less Than 12 Months** | **12 Months or More** | **12 Months or More** | **Total** | **Total** |
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Fair**<br> **Value** | **Unrealized**<br> **Losses** | **Fair**<br> **Value** | **Unrealized**<br> **Losses** | **Fair**<br> **Value** | **Unrealized**<br> **Losses** |
| **<u>2022</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ***Available for sale:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| U.S. Treasury securities | $4834 | $(146) | $- | $- | $4834 | $(146) |
| U.S. Government agencies | 8563 | (1227) | 12282 | (2952) | 20845 | (4179) |
| Mortgage-backed securities | 27796 | (2756) | 39467 | (8729) | 67263 | (11485) |
| State and municipal securities | 15234 | (2633) | 24492 | (8082) | 39726 | (10715) |
| Total securities available for sale | $56427 | $(6762) | $76241 | $(19763) | $132668 | $(26525) |
| **<u>2021</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ***Available for sale:*** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| U.S. Government agencies | $15091 | $(191) | $- | $- | $15091 | $(191) |
| Mortgage-backed securities | 51990 | (1334) |  |  | 51990 | (1334) |
| State and municipal securities | 28305 | (589) | 3560 | (159) | 31865 | (748) |
| Total securities available for sale | $95386 | $(2114) | $3560 | $(159) | $98946 | $(2273) |

---

*68*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *3.* Investment Securities, continued**

At *December 31, 2022,* 82 investment securities with unrealized losses had depreciated 16.66 percent from their total amortized cost basis. Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. The relative significance of these and other factors will vary on a case-by-case basis. In analyzing an issuer's financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, the results of reviews of the issuer's financial condition and the issuer's anticipated ability to pay the contractual cash flows of the investments. Since the Company intends to hold all of its investment securities until maturity, and it is more likely than *not* that the Company will *not* have to sell any of its investment securities before unrealized losses have been recovered, and the Company expects to recover the entire amount of the amortized cost basis of all its securities, *none* of the securities are deemed other than temporarily impaired at *December 31, 2022.* Management continues to monitor all of these securities with a high degree of scrutiny. There can be *no* assurance that the Company will *not* conclude in future periods that conditions existing at that time indicate some or all of these securities are other than temporarily impaired, which could require a charge to earnings in such periods.

Proceeds from the sales of investment securities available for sale were $2.5 million and $8.6 million for the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* respectively. Proceeds from called securities totaled $1.7 million and $500 thousand for the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* respectively. Gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method. Gross realized gains and losses for the years ended *December 31* are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| Realized gains | $- | $265 |
| Realized losses | (10) |  |
|  | $(10) | $265 |

---

There were *no* securities transferred between the available for sale and held to maturity portfolios or other sales of held to maturity securities during the periods presented. In the future management *may* elect to classify securities as held to maturity based upon such considerations as the nature of the security, the Bank's ability to hold the security until maturity, and general economic conditions.

The scheduled maturities of securities available for sale at *December 31, 2022,* were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Amortized**<br> **Cost** | **Fair**<br> **Value** |
| Due in one year or less | $78 | $78 |
| Due after one year through five years | 13659 | 13114 |
| Due after five years through ten years | 74141 | 62775 |
| Due after ten years | 73782 | 59184 |
|  | $161660 | $135151 |

---

Maturities of mortgage-backed securities are based on contractual amounts. Actual maturity will vary as loans underlying the securities are prepaid.

Investment securities with amortized cost of approximately $33.7 million and $32.0 million at *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* respectively, were pledged as collateral on public deposits and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *69*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *4.* Loans Receivable**

The major components of loans in the consolidated balance sheets at *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021* are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022**  | **2021**  |
| Construction & development | $49728 | $44252 |
| Farmland | 23688 | 25026 |
| Residential | 358526 | 298413 |
| Commercial mortgage | 263664 | 230071 |
| Commercial & agricultural | 39434 | 38442 |
| SBA-PPP | 71 | 24528 |
| Consumer & other | 19761 | 22800 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total loans, net of deferred fees and costs | 754872 | 683532 |
| Allowance for loan losses | (6248) | (5677) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Loans, net of allowance for loan losses | $748624 | $677855 |

---

Included in total loans above are deferred loan fees of $1.1 million and $2.7 million at *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021,* respectively. Deferred loan costs were $4.1 million and $3.3 million, at *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021,* respectively. Income from net deferred fees and costs is recognized over the lives of the respective loans as a yield adjustment. If loans repay prior to schedule maturities and unamortized fee or cost is recognized at that time.

As of *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* substantially all of the Bank's residential *1*-*4* family loans were pledged as collateral toward borrowings with the Federal Home Loan Bank.

***Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program***

Gross SBA-PPP loans totaling $79 thousand with net deferred fees of $8 thousand remained on the balance sheet as of *December 31, 2022.* Gross SBA-PPP loans totaling $26.3 million with net deferred fees of $1.8 million remained on the balance sheet at *December 31, 2021.* These fees, net of direct costs relating to the origination of these loans, have been deferred and are being amortized over the life of the loans. Loan forgiveness payments will be treated as prepayments and recognized as they occur. A summary of our SBA-PPP loans as of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021* by SBA tier is as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** |  |  |  |  |
| **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** |
|  | **# of SBA** |  | **Balance Less** |  |
| **SBA Tier** | **Approved** | **Mix** | **Unearned Fees** | **Mix** |
| $2 million to $10 million |  | -% | $- | -% |
| Over $350,000 to less than $2 million |  | -% |  | -% |
| Up to $350,000 | 7 | 100.00% | 71 | 100.00% |
| Total | 7 | 100.00% | $71 | 100.00% |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** |  |  |  |  |
| **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** |
|  | **# of SBA** |  | **Balance Less** |  |
| **SBA Tier** | **Approved** | **Mix** | **Unearned Fees** | **Mix** |
| $2 million to $10 million | 1 | 0.12% | $1950 | 7.95% |
| Over $350,000 to less than $2 million | 11 | 1.36% | 5018 | 20.46% |
| Up to $350,000 | 797 | 98.52% | 17560 | 71.59% |
| Total | 809 | 100.00% | $24528 | 100.00% |

---

*70*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *4.* Loans Receivable, continued**

***Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program, continued***

A summary of our SBA-PPP loans as of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021* by industry is as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** |  |  |  |  |
| **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** | **December 31, 2022** |
|  | **# of SBA** |  | **Balance Less** |  |
| **Industry** | **Approved** | **Mix** | **Unearned Fees** | **Mix** |
| Manufacturing |  | -% | $- | -% |
| Retail Trade | 1 | 14.29% | 20 | 28.17% |
| Construction | 1 | 14.29% | 4 | 5.63% |
| Health Care & Social Assistance | 1 | 14.29% | 4 | 5.63% |
| Accommodation & Retail Services | 1 | 14.29% | 27 | 38.03% |
| Educational Services |  | -% |  | -% |
| General & Other | 3 | 42.84% | 16 | 22.54% |
| Total | 7 | 100.00% | $71 | 100.00% |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** |  |  |  |  |
| **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** | **December 31, 2021** |
|  | **# of SBA** |  | **Balance Less** |  |
| **Industry** | **Approved** | **Mix** | **Unearned Fees** | **Mix** |
| Manufacturing | 26 | 3.21% | $2067 | 8.43% |
| Retail Trade | 61 | 7.54% | 1124 | 4.58% |
| Construction | 127 | 15.70% | 2855 | 11.64% |
| Health Care & Social Assistance | 18 | 2.23% | 1300 | 5.30% |
| Accommodation & Retail Services | 58 | 7.17% | 4235 | 17.27% |
| Educational Services | 4 | 0.49% | 2424 | 9.88% |
| General & Other | 515 | 63.66% | 10523 | 42.90% |
| Total | 809 | 100.00% | $24528 | 100.00% |

---

**Note *5.* Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans**

***Allowance for Loan Losses***

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed to be sufficient to provide for estimated loan losses based on evaluating known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The allowance is provided based upon management's comprehensive analysis of the pertinent factors underlying the quality of the loan portfolio. These factors include changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency levels, actual loss experience, current economic conditions, and detailed analysis of individual loans for which the full collectability *may not* be assured. The detailed analysis includes methods to estimate the fair value of loan collateral and the existence of potential alternative sources of repayment. The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component is calculated on an individual basis for larger-balance, non-homogeneous loans, which are considered impaired. A specific allowance is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value (less disposal costs), or observable market price of the impaired loan is lower than its carrying value. The specific component of the allowance for smaller-balance loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR is calculated on a pooled basis considering historical experience adjusted for qualitative factors. These smaller-balance TDRs were collectively evaluated for impairment. The general component covers the remaining loan portfolio, and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. The appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses on loans is estimated based upon these factors and trends identified by management at the time financial statements are prepared.

*71*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *5.* Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans, continued**

***Allowance for Loan Losses, continued***

A provision for loan losses is charged against operations and is added to the allowance for loan losses based on quarterly comprehensive analyses of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is allocated to certain loan categories based on the relative risk characteristics, asset classifications and actual loss experience of the loan portfolio. While management has allocated the allowance for loan losses to various loan portfolio segments, the allowance is general in nature and is available for the loan portfolio in its entirety.

As noted in Note *1,* the Company determined that SBA-PPP loans have zero expected credit losses and as such are excluded from the disclosures included in the following table. The following table presents activity in the allowance by loan category and information on the loans evaluated individually for impairment and collectively evaluated for impairment as of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021:*

**Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Construction**<br> **&**<br> **Development** | **Farmland** | **Residential** | **Commercial**<br> **Mortgage** | **Commercial**<br> **&**<br> **Agricultural** | **Consumer**<br> **& Other** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Total** |
| <u>**December 31, 2022**</u> |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Allowance for loan losses:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Beginning Balance | $484 | $315 | $2521 | $1908 | $321 | $128 | $5677 |
| Charge-offs | *-* | *-* | *-* | *-* | (14) | (114) | (128) |
| Recoveries | 3 | *-* | 12 | 8 | 30 | 40 | 93 |
| Provision | 39 | (56) | 287 | 281 | (25) | 80 | 606 |
| Ending Balance | $526 | $259 | $2820 | $2197 | $312 | $134 | $6248 |
| Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment | $4 | $- | $*-* | $*-* | $*-* | $*-* | $4 |
| Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | $522 | $259 | $2820 | $2197 | $312 | $134 | $6244 |
| **Loans outstanding:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Ending Balance | $49728 | $23688 | $358526 | $263664 | $39434 | $19761 | $754801 |
| Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment | $313 | $- | $*-* | $382 | $*-* | $*-* | $695 |
| Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | $49415 | $23688 | $358410 | $263194 | $39434 | $19761 | $753902 |
| Ending balance: purchased credit impaired loans | $- | $- | $116 | $88 | $- | $- | $204 |
| **<u>December 31, 2021</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Allowance for loan losses:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Beginning Balance | $499 | $406 | $2167 | $1421 | $293 | $114 | $4900 |
| Charge-offs |  |  |  |  | (8) | (102) | (110) |
| Recoveries | 5 |  | 2 | 61 | 53 | 43 | 164 |
| Provision | (20) | (91) | 352 | 426 | (17) | 73 | 723 |
| Ending Balance | $484 | $315 | $2521 | $1908 | $321 | $128 | $5677 |
| Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment | $- | $8 | $- | $- | $- | $- | $8 |
| Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | $484 | $307 | $2521 | $1908 | $321 | $128 | $5669 |
| **Loans outstanding:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Ending Balance | $44252 | $25026 | $298413 | $230071 | $38442 | $22800 | $659004 |
| Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment | $712 | $283 | $- | $- | $- | $- | $995 |
| Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment | $43540 | $24743 | $298279 | $229970 | $38396 | $22800 | $657728 |
| Ending balance: purchased credit impaired loans | $*-* | $*-* | $134 | $101 | $46 | $*-* | $281 |

---

As of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021,* the Bank had no unallocated reserves included in the allowance for loan losses.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *72*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *5.* Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans, continued**

***Allowance for Loan Losses, continued***

Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality of the Bank's loan portfolio. The Bank's loan ratings coincide with the "Substandard," "Doubtful" and "Loss" classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are *not* corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible, and of such little value that its continuance on the books is *not* warranted. Assets that do *not* currently expose the insured financial institutions to sufficient risk to warrant classification in *one* of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated "Special Mention." Management also maintains a listing of loans designated "Watch". These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk. As of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021,* respectively, the Bank had no loans graded "Doubtful" or "Loss" included in the balance of total loans outstanding.

The following table lists the loan grades utilized by the Bank and the corresponding total of outstanding loans in each category as of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021:*

**Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grades**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Loan Grades** | **Loan Grades** | **Loan Grades** | **Loan Grades** |  |
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Pass** | **Watch** | **Special**<br> **Mention** | **Substandard** | **Total** |
| <u>**December 31, 2022**</u> |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate Secured: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | $49384 | $- | $- | $344 | $49728 |
| Farmland | 21156 | 814 | 468 | 1250 | 23688 |
| Residential | 356327 | 947 | 499 | 753 | 358526 |
| Commercial mortgage | 259529 | 2130 | 153 | 1852 | 263664 |
| Non-Real Estate Secured: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial & agricultural | 39339 | 13 |  | 82 | 39434 |
| SBA-PPP | 71 |  |  |  | 71 |
| Consumer & other | 19761 |  |  |  | 19761 |
| Total | $745567 | $3904 | $1120 | $4281 | $754872 |
| **<u>December 31, 2021</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate Secured: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | $43423 | $- | $- | $829 | $44252 |
| Farmland | 21430 | 831 | 480 | 2285 | 25026 |
| Residential | 296160 | 356 | 582 | 1315 | 298413 |
| Commercial mortgage | 220061 | 5036 | 3607 | 1367 | 230071 |
| Non-Real Estate Secured: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial & agricultural | 38254 | 20 |  | 168 | 38442 |
| SBA-PPP | 24528 |  |  |  | 24528 |
| Consumer & other | 22800 |  |  |  | 22800 |
| Total | $666656 | $6243 | $4669 | $5964 | $683532 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *73*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *5.* Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans, continued**

***Allowance for Loan Losses, continued***

Loans *may* be placed in nonaccrual status when, in management's opinion, the borrower *may* be unable to meet payments as they become due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. Payments received are *first* applied to principal, and any remaining funds are then applied to interest. Loans are removed from nonaccrual status when they are deemed a loss and charged to the allowance, transferred to foreclosed assets, or returned to accrual status based upon performance consistent with the original terms of the loan or a subsequent restructuring thereof.

The following table presents an age analysis of nonaccrual and past due loans by category as of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021:*

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **30-59 Days**<br> **Past Due** | **60-89 Days**<br> **Past Due** | **90 Days**<br> **or More**<br> **Past Due** | **Total**<br> **Past Due** | **Current** | **Total**<br> **Loans** | **90+ Days**<br> **Past Due**<br> **and Still**<br> **Accruing** | **Nonaccrual**<br> **Loans** |
| <u>**December 31, 2022**</u> |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate Secured: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | $- | $30 | $313 | $343 | $49385 | $49728 | $- | $344 |
| Farmland | 4 |  |  | 4 | 23684 | 23688 |  | 94 |
| Residential | 94 | 315 | 240 | 649 | 357877 | 358526 |  | 565 |
| Commercial mortgage | 44 | 86 | 46 | 176 | 263488 | 263664 |  | 622 |
| Non-Real Estate Secured: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial & agricultural |  |  | 9 | 9 | 39425 | 39434 |  | 9 |
| SBA-PPP |  |  |  |  | 71 | 71 |  |  |
| Consumer & other | 5 |  |  | 5 | 19756 | 19761 |  |  |
| Total | $147 | $431 | $608 | $1186 | $753686 | $754872 | $- | $1634 |
| **<u>December 31, 2021</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Real Estate Secured: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | $- | $- | $426 | $426 | $43826 | $44252 | $- | $426 |
| Farmland |  |  | 117 | 117 | 24909 | 25026 |  | 117 |
| Residential | 246 | 163 | 285 | 694 | 297719 | 298413 |  | 596 |
| Commercial mortgage |  |  | 46 | 46 | 230025 | 230071 |  | 121 |
| Non-Real Estate Secured: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Commercial & agricultural | 58 |  | 46 | 104 | 38338 | 38442 |  | 60 |
| SBA-PPP |  |  |  |  | 24528 | 24528 |  |  |
| Consumer & other | 11 |  |  | 11 | 22789 | 22800 |  |  |
| Total | $315 | $163 | $920 | $1398 | $682134 | $683532 | $- | $1320 |

---

***Impaired Loans***

A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all contractual principal and interest payments due in accordance with the original or modified terms of the loan agreement. Smaller balance homogenous loans *may* be collectively evaluated for impairment. Non-homogenous impaired loans are either measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated cost to sell if the loan is considered collateral dependent, or measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows if *not* collateral dependent. The valuation of real estate collateral is subjective in nature and *may* be adjusted in future periods because of changes in economic conditions. Management considers *third*-party appraisals, as well as independent fair market value assessments in determining the estimated fair value of particular properties. In addition, as certain of these *third*-party appraisals and independent fair market value assessments are only updated periodically, changes in the values of specific properties *may* have occurred subsequent to the most recent appraisals. Accordingly, the amounts of any such potential changes and any related adjustments are generally recorded at the time such information is received. When the measurement of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized by creating or adjusting an allocation of the allowance for loan losses and uncollected accrued interest is reversed against interest income. If ultimate collection of principal is in doubt, all cash receipts on impaired loans are applied to reduce the principal balance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *74*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *5.* Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans, continued**

***Impaired Loans, continued***

As of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021,* the recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $3.0 million and $3.6 million, respectively. The total amount of collateral-dependent impaired loans at *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021,* respectively, was $695 thousand and $995 thousand. As of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021,* $584 thousand and $713 thousand, respectively, of the recorded investment in impaired loans did *not* have a related allowance. The Bank had $3.0 million and $3.2 million in troubled debt restructured loans included in impaired loans at *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021,* respectively.

The categories of non-accrual loans and impaired loans overlap, although they are *not* coextensive. The Bank considers all circumstances regarding the loan and borrower on an individual basis when determining whether an impaired loan should be placed on non-accrual status, such as the financial strength of the borrower, the estimated collateral value, reasons for the delay, payment record, the amount past due and the number of days past due.

Management collectively evaluates performing TDRs with a loan balance of *$250,000* or less for impairment. As of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021,* respectively, $2.3 million and $2.6 million of TDRs included in the following table were evaluated collectively for impairment and were deemed to have $115 thousand and $142 thousand of related allowance.

The following table is a summary of information related to impaired loans as of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021:*

**Impaired Loans**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Recorded**<br> **Investment<sup>1</sup>**  | **Unpaid**<br> **Principal**<br> **Balance** | **Related**<br> **Allowance** |
| <u>**December 31, 2022**</u> |  |  |  |
| With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | $203 | $203 | $*-* |
| Farmland | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Residential | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Commercial mortgage | 381 | 395 | *-* |
| Commercial & agricultural | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Consumer & other | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Subtotal | 584 | 598 | *-* |
| With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | 119 | 119 | 4 |
| Farmland | 355 | 371 | 15 |
| Residential | 1885 | 2043 | 96 |
| Commercial mortgage | 66 | 66 | 3 |
| Commercial & agricultural | 24 | 24 | 1 |
| Consumer & other | *-* |  | *-* |
| Subtotal | 2449 | 2623 | 119 |
| Totals: |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | 322 | 322 | 4 |
| Farmland | 355 | 371 | 15 |
| Residential | 1885 | 2043 | 96 |
| Commercial mortgage | 447 | 461 | 3 |
| Commercial & agricultural | 24 | 24 | 1 |
| Consumer & other | *-* |  | *-* |
| Total | $3033 | $3221 | $119 |

---

<sup>*1*</sup> Recorded investment is the loan balance, net of any charge-offs

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *75*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *5.* Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans, continued**

***Impaired Loans, continued***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Recorded**<br> **Investment<sup>1</sup>**  | **Unpaid**<br> **Principal**<br> **Balance** | **Related**<br> **Allowance** |
| <u>**December 31, 2021**</u> |  |  |  |
| With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | $713 | $712 | $*-* |
| Farmland | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Residential | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Commercial mortgage | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Commercial & agricultural | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Consumer & other | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Subtotal | 713 | 712 | *-* |
| With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | 136 | 136 | 8 |
| Farmland | 394 | 410 | 9 |
| Residential | 2248 | 2425 | 127 |
| Commercial mortgage | 70 | 70 | 4 |
| Commercial & agricultural | 32 | 32 | 2 |
| Consumer & other | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Subtotal | 2880 | 3073 | 150 |
| Totals: |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | 849 | 848 | 8 |
| Farmland | 394 | 410 | 9 |
| Residential | 2248 | 2425 | 127 |
| Commercial mortgage | 70 | 70 | 4 |
| Commercial & agricultural | 32 | 32 | 2 |
| Consumer & other | *-* | *-* | *-* |
| Total | $3593 | $3785 | $150 |

---

<sup>*1*</sup> Recorded investment is the loan balance, net of any charge-offs

The following table shows the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for impaired loans for the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021:*

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
|  | **2022** | **2022** | **2021** | **2021** |
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Average**<br> **Recorded**<br> **Investment** | **Interest**<br> **Income**<br> **Recognized** | **Average**<br> **Recorded**<br> **Investment** | **Interest**<br> **Income**<br> **Recognized** |
| Construction & development | $645 | $55 | $807 | $22 |
| Farmland | 372 | 23 | 2137 | 895 |
| Residential | 2124 | 133 | 2577 | 191 |
| Commercial mortgage | 464 | 21 | 46 | 6 |
| Commercial & agricultural | 28 | *2* | 40 | 2 |
| Consumer & other | *-* | *-* |  | *-* |
| Total | $3633 | $234 | $5607 | $1116 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *76*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *5.* Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans, continued**

***Troubled Debt Restructuring***

A troubled debt restructured loan is a loan for which the Bank, for reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Bank would *not* otherwise consider.

The loan terms which have been modified or restructured due to a borrower's financial difficulty, include but are *not* limited to: a reduction in the stated interest rate; an extension of the maturity at an interest rate below current market; a reduction in the face amount of the debt; a reduction in the accrued interest; or re-aging, extensions, deferrals and renewals.

The following table sets forth information with respect to the Bank's troubled debt restructurings as of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021:*

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **TDRs identified during the period** | **TDRs identified during the period** | **TDRs identified during the period** | **TDRs identified in the last twelve**<br> **months that subsequently defaulted<sup>(1)</sup>**  | **TDRs identified in the last twelve**<br> **months that subsequently defaulted<sup>(1)</sup>**  | **TDRs identified in the last twelve**<br> **months that subsequently defaulted<sup>(1)</sup>**  |
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Number**<br> **of**<br> **contracts** | **Pre-**<br> **modification**<br> **outstanding**<br> **recorded**<br> **investment** | **Post-**<br> **modification**<br> **outstanding**<br> **recorded**<br> **investment** | **Number**<br> **of**<br> **contracts** | **Pre-**<br> **modification**<br> **outstanding**<br> **recorded**<br> **investment** | **Post-**<br> **modification**<br> **outstanding**<br> **recorded**<br> **investment** |
| <u>**December 31, 2022**</u> |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | *-* | $*-* | $*-* |  | $- | $- |
| Farmland | *-* | *-* | *-* |  |  |  |
| Residential | 2 | 79 | 79 |  |  |  |
| Commercial mortgage | 1 | 403 | 381 |  |  |  |
| Commercial & agricultural | *-* | *-* | *-* |  |  |  |
| Consumer & other | *-* | *-* | *-* |  |  |  |
| Total | 3 | $482 | $460 |  | $- | $- |

---

During the *twelve* months ended *December 31, 2022, three* loans were modified that were considered to be TDRs. One residential loan had term concessions granted and additional funds advanced for insurance. The other residential loan had the principal and interest payments modified, interest rate lowered, and maturity date extended. The commercial mortgage loan had the principal and interest payments modified; however, the maturity date remained the same. No TDRs identified in the last *twelve* months subsequently defaulted in the year ended *December 31, 2022.*

**<sup>(*1*)</sup>** Loans past due *30* days or more are considered to be in default.

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **TDRs identified during the period** | **TDRs identified during the period** | **TDRs identified during the period** | **TDRs identified in the last twelve**<br> **months that subsequently defaulted<sup>(1)</sup>**  | **TDRs identified in the last twelve**<br> **months that subsequently defaulted<sup>(1)</sup>**  | **TDRs identified in the last twelve**<br> **months that subsequently defaulted<sup>(1)</sup>**  |
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Number**<br> **of**<br> **contracts** | **Pre-**<br> **modification**<br> **outstanding**<br> **recorded**<br> **investment** | **Post-**<br> **modification**<br> **outstanding**<br> **recorded**<br> **investment** | **Number**<br> **of**<br> **contracts** | **Pre-**<br> **modification**<br> **outstanding**<br> **recorded**<br> **investment** | **Post-**<br> **modification**<br> **outstanding**<br> **recorded**<br> **investment** |
| <u>**December 31, 2021**</u> |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Construction & development | *-* | $*-* | $*-* |  | $*-* | $*-* |
| Farmland | *-* | *-* | *-* |  | *-* | *-* |
| Residential |  |  |  |  | *-* | *-* |
| Commercial mortgage | 1 | 73 | 70 |  | *-* | *-* |
| Commercial & agricultural | *-* | *-* | *-* |  | *-* | *-* |
| Consumer & other | *-* | *-* | *-* |  | *-* | *-* |
| Total | 1 | $73 | $70 |  | $*-* | $*-* |

---

During the *twelve* months ended *December 31, 2021,* one loan was modified that was considered to be a TDR. Term concessions were granted on the loan and the loan had additional funds advanced for insurance. No TDRs identified in the last *twelve* months subsequently defaulted in the year ended *December 31, 2021.*

**<sup>(*1*)</sup>** Loans past due *30* days or more are considered to be in default.

*77*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *5.* Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans, continued**

***Modifications in response to COVID-*19***

The Company offered short-term loan modifications to assist borrowers during the COVID-*19* pandemic. These modifications generally involved principal and/or interest payment deferrals for up to *six* months. As the COVID-*19* pandemic persisted in negatively impacting the economy, the Company offered additional loan modifications to borrowers struggling as a result of COVID-*19.* Similar to the initial modifications granted, the additional round of loan modifications generally involved principal and/or interest payment deferrals for up to an additional *six* months for commercial and consumer loans, and principal-only deferrals for up to an additional *12* months for selected commercial loans. The Company generally accrued and recognized interest income during the forbearance period. The Company offered several repayment options such as immediate repayment, repayment over a designated time period or as a balloon payment at maturity, or by extending the loan term. These modifications generally did *not* involve forgiveness or interest rate reductions. The CARES Act, along with a joint agency statement issued by banking agencies, provided that modifications made in response to COVID-*19* to borrowers who qualified were *not* required to be accounted for as a TDR. Accordingly, the Company did *not* account for such qualifying as TDRs. The relief offered under the CARES Act ended on *December 31, 2021.* See Note *1* Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information.

The Bank began receiving requests for loan deferments on *March 23, 2020* and through *December 31, 2021,* the Bank approved approximately *250* requests for loan payment deferment of approximately $66.5 million in loans, all of which have resumed payment. There were *no* loans with deferments remaining as of *December 31, 2022* or *December 31, 2021.*

***Purchased Credit Impaired Loans***

During *2018,* the Company acquired loans as a result of the Great State merger, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would *not* be collected. The carrying amount of those loans at *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021* are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| Residential | $116 | $134 |
| Commercial mortgage | 88 | 101 |
| Commercial & agricultural |  | 46 |
| Outstanding balance | $204 | $281 |
| Carrying amount | $204 | $281 |

---

There was *no* accretable yield on purchased credit impaired loans for the periods presented.

There were no purchased credit impaired loans acquired during the year ended *December 31, 2022* and during the year ended *December 31, 2021.* Income is *not* recognized on purchased credit impaired loans if the Company cannot reasonably estimate cash flows expected to be collected.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 78

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *6.* Property and Equipment**

Components of property and equipment and total accumulated depreciation at *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| Land | $8429 | $9178 |
| Buildings and improvements | 25835 | 24170 |
| Furniture and equipment | 13221 | 11619 |
|  | 47485 | 44967 |
| Less accumulated depreciation | (15732) | (14111) |
|  | $31753 | $30856 |

---

Depreciation expense for the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021* amounted to $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

**Note *7.* Goodwill and Intangible Assets**

An analysis of goodwill during the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021* is as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| Beginning of year | $3257 | $3257 |
| Impairment |  |  |
| End of the period | $3257 | $3257 |

---

***Intangible Assets***

The following table presents the activity for the Company's core deposit intangible assets, which are the only identifiable intangible assets subject to amortization. Core deposit intangibles at *December 31, 2022* and *2021* are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| Balance at beginning of year, net | $1764 | $2359 |
| Amortization expense | (478) | (595) |
| Net book value | $1286 | $1764 |

---

The following table presents the estimated amortization expense of the core deposit intangible over the remaining useful life:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** |  |
| For the year ended December 31, 2023 | $369.0 |
| For the year ended December 31, 2024 | 262.0 |
| For the year ended December 31, 2025 | 154.0 |
| For the year ended December 31, 2026 | 97.0 |
| For the year ended December 31, 2027 | 81.0 |
| Thereafter | 323.0 |
| Total | $1286.0 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *79*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *8.* Leases**

The Company's leases are recorded under ASC Topic *842,* "*Leases*". We have performed an evaluation of our leasing contracts and activities. We have developed our methodology to estimate the right-of use assets and lease liabilities, which is based on the present value of lease payments.

Contracts are evaluated to determine whether they are or contain a lease in accordance with Topic *842.* The Company has elected the practical expedient provided by Topic *842 not* to allocate consideration in a contract between lease and non-lease components. The Company also elected, as provided by the standard, *not* to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases, defined by the standard as leases with terms of *12* months or less. The Company renewed an operating lease during *2021* and renewed an operating lease during *2022* and recognized right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on each renewal.

Lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments and are presented at each reporting date as the net present value of the remaining contractual cash flows. Cash flows are discounted at the Company's incremental borrowing rate in effect at the commencement date of the lease. For our incremental borrowing rate, we used the Federal Home Loan Bank rate available at the time of lease inception. The right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and are calculated as the sum of the lease liability and if applicable, prepaid rent, initial direct costs and any incentives received from the lessor. The contracts in which the Company is lessee are with parties external to the Company and *not* related parties. The Company's lease right-of-use assets are included in other assets and the lease liabilities are included in other liabilities. The following tables present information about leases:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| Lease liabilities | $739 | $553 |
| Right-of-use assets | $739 | $553 |
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) | 5.59 | 6.70 |
| Weighted average discount rate | 2.75% | 2.45% |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| **Lease Expense** |  |  |
| Operating lease expense | $158 | $153 |
| Short-term lease expense | 8 | 29 |
| Total lease expense | $166 | $182 |
| Cash paid for amounts included in lease liabilities | $158 | $153 |

---

The following table presents a maturity schedule of undiscounted cash flows that contribute to the lease liabilities:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** |  |
| Twelve months ending December 31, 2023 | $153 |
| Twelve months ending December 31, 2024 | 139 |
| Twelve months ending December 31, 2025 | 143 |
| Twelve months ending December 31, 2026 | 143 |
| Twelve months ending December 31, 2027 | 107 |
| Thereafter | 114 |
| Total undiscounted cash flows | $799 |
| Less discount | (60) |
| Lease liabilities | $739 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *80*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *9.* Deposits**

The following table presents the composition of deposits at *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021:*

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022**  | **2021**  |
| Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest-bearing demand deposit accounts | $144540 | $119320 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Money market | 87012 | 103217 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Savings | 194723 | 187248 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Time deposits | 183542 | 190334 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total interest-bearing deposits | 609817 | 600119 |
| Noninterest-bearing deposits | 310510 | 298107 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total deposits | $920327 | $898226 |

---

The aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of more than *$250* thousand at *December 31, 2022* and *2021* was $49.5 million, and $41.3 million, respectively. At *December 31, 2022,* the scheduled maturities of all time deposits are as follows:

**(dollars in thousands)**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 2023 | $120614 |
| 2024 | 21892 |
| 2025 | 18556 |
| 2026 | 13951 |
| 2027 | 8529 |
| After Five Years |  |
| **Total** | $183542 |

---

**Note *10.* Short-Term Borrowings**

At *December 31, 2022* the Company had no borrowings outstanding classified as short-term.

On *December 21, 2021,* the Company entered into a $5.0 million unsecured revolving line of credit, with a maturity date of *December 21, 2022.* Interest on the line of credit is variable and is set at prime plus 1.00%. At *December 31, 2021,* $3.2 million was outstanding under this revolving line of credit at a rate of 4.25 percent and was classified as short-term debt. During *2022,* $150 thousand was advanced on the line of credit and in *December 2022,* the $3.35 million outstanding on the line of credit was repaid, and the line of credit was *not* renewed.

At *December 31, 2022,* the Bank had established unsecured lines of credit of approximately $73.0 million with correspondent banks to provide additional liquidity if, and as needed. In addition, the Bank has the ability to borrow up to approximately $255.9 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB"), subject to the pledging of collateral.

**Note *11.* Long-Term Borrowings**

At *December 31, 2022,* the Bank had no borrowings outstanding classified as long-term and at *December 31, 2021,* the Bank's long-term borrowings consisted of a $5.0 million advance from FHLB. During *2022,* the Bank prepaid the $5.0 million advance and incurred a prepayment penalty of $8 thousand. During *2021,* the Bank prepaid $5.0 million of the $10.0 million advance outstanding at *December 31, 2020* and incurred a prepayment penalty of $44 thousand.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 81

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *12.* Financial Instruments**

FASB ASC *825,* "Financial Instruments", requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or *not* recognized in the balance sheet. In cases where quoted market prices are *not* available, fair values are based on estimates using present value of future cash flows or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. In that regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could *not* be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. FASB ASC *825* excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do *not* represent the underlying value of the Company.

The following presents the carrying amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the Company's financial instruments as of *December 31, 2022* and *December 31, 2021.* This table excludes financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value. For short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For non-marketable equity securities such as Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of the fair value as these securities can only be redeemed or sold at their par value and only to the respective issuing government supported institution or to another member institution. For financial liabilities such as noninterest-bearing demand, interest-bearing demand, and savings deposits, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to these products having *no* stated maturity.

For loans, the carrying amount is net of unearned income and the allowance for loan losses. In accordance with the prospective adoption of ASU *No. 2016*-*01,* the fair value of loans as of *December 31, 2022* and *2021* was measured using an exit price notion.

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | **Fair Value Measurements** | **Fair Value Measurements** | **Fair Value Measurements** |
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Carrying**<br> **Amount** | **Fair**<br> **Value** | **Quoted Prices in**<br> **Active Markets**<br> **for Identical**<br> **Assets or**<br> **Liabilities**<br> **(Level 1)** | **Significant**<br> **Other**<br> **Observable**<br> **Inputs**<br> **(Level 2)** | **Significant**<br> **Unobservable**<br> **Inputs**<br> **(Level 3)** |
| <u>**December 31, 2022**</u> |  |  |  |  |  |
| Financial Instruments – Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Loans | $748624 | $702549 | $*-* | $- | $702549 |
| Financial Instruments – Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
| Time Deposits | 183542 | 181525 | *-* | 181525 | *-* |
| **<u>December 31, 2021</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Financial Instruments – Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Loans | $677855 | $671826 | $*-* | $- | $671826 |
| Financial Instruments – Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
| Time Deposits | 190334 | 191464 | *-* | 191464 | *-* |
| FHLB Advances | 5000 | 4951 |  | 4951 |  |

---

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Securities available for sale and derivatives are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company *may* be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans or foreclosed assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

*82*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *12.* Financial Instruments, continued**

***Fair Value Hierarchy***

Under FASB ASC *820,* "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures", the Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in *three* levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level *1* – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

Level *2* – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are *not* active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level *3* – Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least *one* significant assumption *not* observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques *may* include the use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.

***Investment Securities Available for Sale***

Investment securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are *not* available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security's credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level *1* securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level *2* securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities, municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. Securities classified as Level *3* include asset-backed securities in less liquid markets.

***Loans***

The Company does *not* record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses is established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will *not* be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. If a loan is identified as individually impaired, management measures impairment in accordance with applicable accounting guidance. The fair value of impaired loans is estimated using *one* of several methods, including collateral value, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Those impaired loans *not* requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans. At *December 31, 2022,* a small percentage of the total impaired loans were evaluated based on the fair value of the collateral. In accordance with accounting standards, impaired loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price the Company records the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level *2.* When the fair value is based on either an external or internal appraisal and there is *no* observable market price, the Company records the impaired loan as nonrecurring Level *3.*

***Derivative Assets and Liabilities***

Derivative instruments held or issued by the Company for risk management purposes are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are *not* readily available. Management engages *third*-party intermediaries to determine the fair market value of these derivative instruments and classifies these instruments as Level *2.* Examples of Level *2* derivatives are interest rate swaps, caps and floors. No derivative instruments were held during the years ended *December 31, 2022* or *2021.*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *83*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *12.* Financial Instruments, continued**

***Other Real Estate Owned***

Other real estate owned is adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the loans, or former bank premises, to other real estate owned. Subsequently, other reals estate owned is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management's estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price the Company records the other real estate owned as nonrecurring Level *2.* When the fair value of the collateral is based on either an external or internal appraisal and there is *no* observable market price, the Company records the other real estate owned as nonrecurring Level *3.* There was a former bank premise valued at $235 thousand in other real estate owned at *December 31, 2022* and there was no other real estate owned held as of *December 31, 2021.*

***Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis***

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Total**  | **Level 1**  | **Level 2**  | **Level 3**  |
| <u>**December 31, 2022**</u> |  |  |  |  |
| ***Investment securities available for sale*** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S. Treasury securities | $4834 | $*-* | $4834 | $*-* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S. Government agencies | 20846 | *-* | 20846 | *-* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mortgage-backed securities | 67270 | *-* | 67270 | *-* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Corporate securities | 1500 | *-* | 1500 | *-* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; State and municipal securities | 40701 | *-* | 40701 | *-* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total assets at fair value | $135151 | $*-* | $135151 | $*-* |
| **<u>December 31, 2021</u>** |  |  |  |  |
| ***Investment securities available for sale*** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S. Government agencies | $20149 | $*-* | $20149 | $*-* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mortgage-backed securities | 63311 | *-* | 63311 | *-* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Corporate securities | 1500 | *-* | 1500 | *-* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; State and municipal securities | 44755 | *-* | 44755 | *-* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total assets at fair value | $129715 | $*-* | $129715 | $*-* |

---

No liabilities were recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of *December 31, 2022* or *2021.* There were *no* significant transfers between levels during the years ended *December 31, 2022* or *2021.*

***Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis***

The Company *may* be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These include assets and liabilities that are measured at the lower of cost or market that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. No liabilities were recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at *December 31, 2022* or *2021.* Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are included in the table below.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Total** | **Level 1** | **Level 2** | **Level 3** |
| <u>**December 31, 2022**</u> |  |  |  |  |
| Impaired loans | $173 | $- | $- | $173 |
| Other real estate owned | 235 |  |  | 235 |
| Total assets at fair value | $408 | $- | $- | $408 |
| **<u>December 31, 2021</u>** |  |  |  |  |
| Impaired loans | $189 | $- | $- | $189 |
| Other real estate owned |  |  |  |  |
| Total assets at fair value | $189 | $- | $- | $189 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *84*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *12.* Financial Instruments, continued**

***Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis, continued***

For Level *3* assets measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Fair Value at<br> December 31, 2022 | Fair Value at<br> December 31, 2021 | Valuation Technique | Significant<br> Unobservable Inputs | General Range of Significant Unobservable Input Values |
| Impaired Loans | $173 | $189 | *Appraised Value/Discounted Cash Flows/Market Value of Note* | *Discounts to reflect current market conditions, ultimate collectability, and estimated costs to sell* | 0 – 10% |
| Other Real Estate Owned | $235 | $- | *Appraised Value/Comparable Sales/Other Estimates from Independent Sources* | *Discounts to reflect current market conditions and estimated costs to sell* | 0 – 10% |

---

**Note *13.* Employee Benefit Plans**

Prior to the merger, both Grayson and Floyd had qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plans in place which covered substantially all of each bank's employees. The benefits in each plan are primarily based on years of service and earnings. Both Grayson and Floyd plans were amended to freeze benefit accruals for all eligible employees prior to the effective date of the merger. A summary of each plan follows:

***Grayson Plan***

The following is a summary of the plan's funded status as of *December 31:*

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022**  | **2021**  |
| ***Change in benefit obligation*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $5830 | $6083 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest cost | 147 | 143 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Actuarial gain | (1327) | (212) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Benefits paid | (1499) | (158) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Settlement (gain) loss | 36 | (26) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Benefit obligation at end of year | 3187 | 5830 |
| ***Change in plan assets*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 11081 | 10291 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Actual return on plan assets | (2414) | 948 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Benefits paid | (1499) | (158) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 7168 | 11081 |
| ***Funded status at the end of the year*** | $3981 | $5251 |

---

*85*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *13.* Employee Benefit Plans, continued**

***Grayson Plan, continued***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022**  | **2021**  |
| ***Amounts recognized in the Balance Sheet*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Prepaid benefit cost | $6467 | $6089 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unrecognized net actuarial loss | (2486) | (838) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Amount recognized in other assets | $3981 | $5251 |
| ***Amounts recognized in accumulated comprehensive loss*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unrecognized net actuarial loss | $(2486) | $(838) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deferred taxes | 522 | 176 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Amount recognized in accumulated comprehensive loss, net | $(1964) | $(662) |
| ***Prepaid benefit detail*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Benefit obligation | $(3187) | $(5830) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fair value of assets | 7168 | 11081 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Unrecognized net actuarial loss | 2486 | 838 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Prepaid benefit cost | $6467 | $6089 |
| ***Components of net periodic pension cost*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest cost | $147 | $143 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Expected return on plan assets | (741) | (694) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Recognized net loss due to settlement | 216 | 32 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Recognized net actuarial loss |  | 35 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net periodic benefit expense | $(378) | $(484) |
| ***Additional disclosure information*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accumulated benefit obligation | $3187 | $5830 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vested benefit obligation | $3187 | $5830 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Discount rate used for net periodic pension cost | 2.75% | 2.50% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Discount rate used for disclosure | 5.00% | 2.75% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Expected return on plan assets | 7.00% | 7.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Rate of compensation increase | *N/A* | *N/A* |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Average remaining service (years) | 9 | 9 |

---

Using the same fair value hierarchy described in Note *12,* the fair values of the Company's pension plan assets, by asset category, are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **Total** | **Level 1** | **Level 2** | **Level 3** |
| <u>**December 31, 2022**</u> |  |  |  |  |
| Mutual funds – equities | $3727 | $3727 | $- | $- |
| Mutual funds – fixed income | 3441 | 3441 |  |  |
| Total assets at fair value | $7168 | $7168 | $- | $- |
| **<u>December 31, 2021</u>** |  |  |  |  |
| Mutual funds – equities | $5762 | $5762 | $- | $- |
| Mutual funds – fixed income | 5319 | 5319 |  |  |
| Total assets at fair value | $11081 | $11081 | $- | $- |

---

*86*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *13.* Employee Benefit Plans, continued**

***Grayson Plan, continued***

***Estimated Future Benefit Payments***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **(dollars in thousands)** | **Pension**<br> **Benefits** |
| *2023* | *2023* | $693 |
| *2024* | *2024* | 334 |
| *2025* | *2025* | 58 |
| *2026* | *2026* | 281 |
| *2027* | *2027* | 299 |
| 2028 | *2032* | 1043 |
|  |  | $2708 |

---

***Funding Policy***

It has been Bank practice to contribute the maximum tax-deductible amount each year as determined by the plan administrator. As a result of prior year contributions exceeding the minimum requirements, a Prefunding Balance existed as of *December 31, 2022* and there is *no* required contribution for *2023.* Based on this we do *not* anticipate making a contribution to the plan in *2023.*

***Long-Term Rate of Return***

The plan sponsor selects the expected long-term rate-of-return-on-assets assumption in consultation with their investment advisors and actuary. This rate is intended to reflect the average rate of earnings expected to be earned on the funds invested or to be invested to provide plan benefits. Historical performance is reviewed – especially with respect to real rates of return (net of inflation) – for the major asset classes held, or anticipated to be held by the trust, and for the trust itself. Undue weight is *not* given to recent experience – that *may not* continue over the measurement period – with higher significance placed on current forecasts of future long-term economic conditions.

Because assets are held in a qualified trust, anticipated returns are *not* reduced for taxes. Further – solely for this purpose the plan is assumed to continue in force and *not* terminate during the period during which the assets are invested. However, consideration is given to the potential impact of current and future investment policy, cash flow into and out of the trust, and expenses (both investment and non-investment) typically paid from plan assets (to the extent such expenses are *not* explicitly estimated within periodic cost).

***Asset Allocation***

The pension plan's weighted-average asset allocations at *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* by asset category are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022** | **2021** |
| Mutual funds – fixed income | 48% | 48% |
| Mutual funds – equity | 52% | 52% |
| Total | 100% | 100% |

---

The trust fund is sufficiently diversified to maintain a reasonable level of risk without imprudently sacrificing return, with a targeted asset allocation of 50 percent fixed income and 50 percent equities. The Investment Manager selects investment fund managers with demonstrated experience and expertise, and funds with demonstrated historical performance, for the implementation of the Plan's investment strategy. The Investment Manager will consider both actively and passively managed investment strategies and will allocate funds across the asset classes to develop an efficient investment structure.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *87*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *13.* Employee Benefit Plans, continued**

***Grayson Plan, continued***

It is the responsibility of the Trustee to administer the investments of the Trust within reasonable costs, being careful to avoid sacrificing quality. These costs include, but are *not* limited to, management and custodial fees, consulting fees, transaction costs and other administrative costs chargeable to the Trust.

***Floyd Plan***

The Company participates in the Pentegra Defined Benefit Plan for Financial Institutions ("The Pentegra DB Plan"), a tax-qualified defined-benefit pension plan. The Pentegra DB Plan operates as a multi-employer plan for accounting purposes and is a multiple-employer plan under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of *1974* and the Internal Revenue Code. There are *no* collective bargaining agreements in place that require contributions to the Pentegra DB Plan.

The Pentegra DB Plan is a single plan under Internal Revenue Code Section *413* (C) and, as a result, all of the assets stand behind all of the liabilities. Accordingly, under the Pentegra DB Plan, contributions made by a participating employer *may* be used to provide benefits to participants of other participating employers.

***Funded Status (market value of plan assets divided by funding target) as of *July 1*,**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2022 Valuation** | **2021 Valuation** |
| <u>**Source**</u> | **Report** | **Report** |
| Bank of Floyd Plan | 105.50% | 117.03% |

---

***Employer Contributions***

Plan expenses paid by the Company totaled approximately $39 thousand and $70 thousand for the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* respectively.

***VBA Defined Contribution Plan for Skyline National Bank***

The Bank has established a qualified defined contribution plan that covers all eligible employees of the Bank who have completed at least *three* months of service. The Bank makes a safe harbor matching contribution of 100% of the *first* 3% of compensation and 50% on the next 2% of compensation, up to a maximum of 5%. Additional amounts *may* be contributed at the discretion of the Bank. Participants are immediately vested in their contributions and the Bank's safe harbor matching and discretionary contributions. The Bank expensed $379 thousand and $378 thousand related to the defined contribution plan for the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 88

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *14.* Deferred Compensation and Supplemental Executive Retirement Plans**

Deferred compensation plans have been adopted for certain executive officers and members of the Board of Directors for future compensation upon retirement. Under plan provisions aggregate annual payments ranging from $4,268 to $26,791 are payable for ten years certain, generally beginning at age 65. Reduced benefits apply in cases of early retirement or death prior to the benefit date, as defined. The liability accrued for compensation deferred under the plan amounts to $103 thousand and $134 thousand at *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* respectively. Expense charged against income and included in salary and benefits expense was $9 thousand and $12 thousand in *2022* and *2021,* respectively. Charges to income are based on changes in present value of future cash payments, discounted at 8 percent, consistent with prior years.

Supplemental executive retirement plans for certain executive officers were adopted in *2017* and *2022.* The plans provide for annual payments ranging from $12,857 to $88,000, payable in monthly installments, and continuing for the life of the executive. Reduced benefits apply in cases of early retirement. The liability accrued for this obligation was $640 thousand and $399 thousand at *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* respectively. Expense charged against income and included in salary and benefits expense was $241 thousand and $92 thousand in *2022* and *2021,* respectively, for these supplemental executive retirement plans.

Prior to the Cardinal merger, the Bank of Floyd had adopted supplemental executive plans to provide benefits for two former members of management. Aggregate annual payments of $69 thousand are payable for 20 years, beginning subsequent to the executive's last day of employment. The liability is calculated by discounting the anticipated future cash flows at 4.00%. The liability accrued for this obligation was $601 thousand and $645 thousand at *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* respectively. Charges to income amounted to approximately $25 thousand and $26 thousand for *2022* and *2021,* respectively. These plans are unfunded; however, life insurance has been acquired in amounts sufficient to discharge the obligations of the agreements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 89

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *15.* Share-Based Compensation**

The Company's *2020* Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan") was adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company on *March 17, 2020* and approved by the Company's shareholders on *August 18, 2020 (*the "Effective Date"). The Plan permits the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, and stock awards to key employees and non-employee directors of the Company or its subsidiaries.

The purpose of the Plan is to promote the success of the Company and its subsidiaries by providing incentives to key employees and non-employee directors that will promote the identification of their personal interests with the long-term financial success of the Company and with growth in shareholder value, consistent with the Company's risk management practices. The Plan is designed to provide flexibility to the Company, including its subsidiaries, in its ability to attract, retain the services of, and motivate key employees and non-employee directors upon whose judgment, interest, and special effort the successful conduct of its operation is largely dependent.

The Plan was effective on the Effective Date, and *no* Award *may* be granted under the plan after *March 16, 2030.* Awards outstanding on such date shall remain valid in accordance with their terms. The Board of Directors shall have the right to terminate the Plan at any time pursuant to the terms of the Plan. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has been appointed to administer the Plan. The maximum aggregate number of shares that *may* be issued pursuant to awards made under the Plan shall *not* exceed 300,000 shares of common stock. As of *December 31, 2022,* 46,400 shares have been issued under the Equity Plan, leaving 253,600 shares available for future grants.

On *February 18, 2022,* 14,500 restricted stock awards were issued at a price of $13.00 per share. These awards vest 20% on *December 15, 2022,* 20% on *December 15, 2023,* 20% on *December 15, 2024,* 20% on *December 15, 2025,* and 20% on *December 15, 2026.* For the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* $80 thousand and $41 thousand, respectively, was recognized as compensation expense related to share-based compensation for restricted stock awards.

As of *December 31, 2022,* the unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock awards was $231 thousand. The unrecognized compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.25 years. The following table presents the activity for restricted stock:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | **Grant Date** |
|  |  |  | **Fair Value of** |
|  |  |  | **Restricted** |
|  |  |  | **Stock that** |
|  |  | ***Weighted*** | ***Vested During*** |
|  | ***Number of*** | ***Average Grant*** | ***The Year*** |
|  | ***Shares*** | ***Date Fair Value*** | ***(in thousands)*** |
| **Unvested as of December 31, 2020** |  | $- |  |
| Granted | 14500 | 11.30 |  |
| Vested | (3625) | 11.30 | $42 |
| Forfeited |  | *-* |  |
| **Unvested as of December 31, 2021** | 10875 | $11.30 |  |
| Granted | 14500 | 13.00 |  |
| Vested | (6525) | 12.13 | $80 |
| Forfeited |  | *-* |  |
| **Unvested as of December 31, 2022** | 18850 | $12.38 |  |

---

On *December 31, 2022,* 8,700 stock awards were issued at a price of $11.35 per share to non-employee directors, which immediately vested. For the year ended *December 31, 2022,* $99 thousand was recognized as compensation expense related to share-based compensation for these stock awards. On *December 31, 2021,* 8,700 stock awards were issued at a price of $13.00 per share to non-employee directors, which immediately vested. For the year ended *December 31, 2021,* $113 thousand was recognized as compensation expense related to share-based compensation for these stock awards.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 90

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *16.* Income Taxes**

***Current and Deferred Income Tax Components***

The components of income tax expense (substantially all Federal) are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| Current | $1620 | $2096 |
| Deferred | 899 | 327 |
|  | $2519 | $2423 |

---

***Rate Reconciliation***

A reconciliation of income tax expense computed at the statutory federal income tax rate to income tax expense included in the statements of income follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| Tax at statutory federal rate | $2688 | $2500 |
| Tax exempt interest income | (88) | (52) |
| Tax exempt insurance income | (153) | (93) |
| State income tax, net of federal benefit | 72 | 59 |
| Other |  | 9 |
|  | $2519 | $2423 |

---

***Deferred Income Tax Analysis***

The significant components of net deferred tax assets (all Federal) at *December 31, 2022* and *2021* are summarized as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| ***Deferred tax assets*** |  |  |
| Allowance for loan losses | $1347 | $1221 |
| Acquired loan credit mark | 145 | 223 |
| Deferred compensation | 302 | 291 |
| Investment impairment charge recorded directly to stockholders' equity as a component of other comprehensive income | 43 | 48 |
| Minimum pension liability | 522 | 176 |
| Net operating loss carryforward | 1333 | 1444 |
| Nonaccrual interest income | 324 | 352 |
| Net unrealized losses on securities available for sale | 5567 | 392 |
| Other | 11 | 28 |
|  | $9594 | $4175 |
| ***Deferred tax liabilities*** |  |  |
| Deferred loan origination costs | 642 | 121 |
| Core deposit intangible | 277 | 379 |
| Accrued pension costs | 1395 | 1310 |
| Depreciation | 1452 | 1239 |
| Other real estate owned | 51 |  |
| Accretion of discount on investment securities, net | 33 | 4 |
|  | $3850 | $3053 |
| Net deferred tax asset | $5744 | $1122 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *91*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *16.* Income Taxes, continued**

In *March* of *2020,* the CARES Act was enacted and made significant changes to federal tax laws, including certain changes that were retroactive to the *December 31, 2019* tax year. Changes in tax laws are accounted for in the period of enactment and the retroactive effects were recognized in these financial statements. There were no material income tax consequences of this enacted legislation on the reporting period of these financial statements.

The Bank has analyzed the tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax returns and concluded it has *no* liability related to uncertain tax positions in accordance with applicable regulations. Tax returns for the years subsequent to 2019 remain subject to examination by both federal and state tax authorities.

Deferred tax assets or liabilities are initially recognized for differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax basis of assets and liabilities which will result in future deductible or taxable amounts and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. A valuation allowance is then established, as applicable, to reduce the deferred tax asset to the level at which it is "more likely than *not"* that the tax benefits will be realized. Sources of taxable income that *may* allow for the realization of tax benefits include (*1*) taxable income in the current year or prior years that is available through carry-back, (*2*) future taxable income that will result from the reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, and (*3*) taxable income generated by future operations. There is no valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of *December 31, 2022* and *2021.* The net operating loss of approximately $6.3 million, if *not* utilized will begin to expire in 2031. It is management's belief that realization of the deferred tax asset is more likely than *not.*

**Note *17.* Transactions with Related Parties**

The Bank has entered into transactions with its directors, significant stockholders and their affiliates (related parties). Such transactions were made in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms and conditions, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with other customers, and did *not,* in the opinion of management, involve more than normal credit risk or present other unfavorable features.

Aggregate *2022* and *2021* loan transactions with related parties were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| ***Balance, beginning*** | $9140 | $12427 |
| New loans | 4368 | 4351 |
| Repayments | (3479) | (7607) |
| Change in relationship |  | (31) |
| ***Balance, ending*** | $10029 | $9140 |

---

The Company has accepted deposits during the ordinary course of business from certain directors and executive officers of the Company and from their affiliates and associates. The total amount of these deposits outstanding was $15.9 million, and $22.3 million at *December 31, 2022* and *2021,* respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 92

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *18.* Commitments and Contingencies**

***Litigation***

In the normal course of business, the Bank is involved in various legal proceedings. After consultation with legal counsel, management believes that any liability resulting from such proceedings will *not* be material to the consolidated financial statements.

***Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk***

The Bank is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Bank's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as for on-balance sheet instruments. A summary of the Bank's commitments at *December 31, 2022* and *2021* is as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| Commitments to extend credit | $163250 | $140526 |
| Standby letters of credit | 833 | 1161 |
|  | $164083 | $141687 |

---

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is *no* violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and *may* require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do *not* necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Bank evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon extension of credit, is based on management's credit evaluation of the party. Collateral held varies, but *may* include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing commercial properties.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a *third* party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Collateral held varies as specified above and is required in instances which the Bank deems necessary.

***Concentrations of Credit Risk***

Substantially all of the Bank's loans, commitments to extend credit, and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Bank's market area and such customers are generally depositors of the Bank. Investments in state and municipal securities involve governmental entities within and outside the Bank's market area. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note *4.* The distribution of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution of loans outstanding. Standby letters of credit are granted primarily to commercial borrowers. The Bank's primary focus is toward small business and consumer transactions, and accordingly, it does *not* have a significant number of credits to any single borrower or group of related borrowers. The Bank has cash and cash equivalents on deposit with financial institutions which exceed federally insured limits.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 93

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *19.* Regulatory Restrictions**

***Dividends***

The Company's dividend payments are generally made from dividends received from the Bank. Under applicable federal law, the Comptroller of the Currency restricts national bank total dividend payments in any calendar year to net profits of that year, as defined, combined with retained net profits for the *two* preceding years. The Comptroller also has authority under the Financial Institutions Supervisory Act to prohibit a national bank from engaging in an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting its business. It is possible, under certain circumstances, the Comptroller could assert that dividends or other payments would be an unsafe or unsound practice.

***Intercompany Transactions***

The Bank's legal lending limit on loans to the Company is governed by Federal Reserve Act *23A,* and differs from legal lending limits on loans to external customers. Generally, a bank *may* lend up to 10 percent of its capital and surplus to its Parent, if the loan is secured. If collateral is in the form of stocks, bonds, debentures or similar obligations, it must have a market value when the loan is made of at least 20 percent more than the amount of the loan, and if obligations of a state or political subdivision or agency thereof, it must have a market value of at least 10 percent more than the amount of the loan. If such loans are secured by obligations of the United States or agencies thereof, or by notes, drafts, bills of exchange or bankers' acceptances eligible for rediscount or purchase by a Federal Reserve Bank, requirements for collateral in excess of the loan amount do *not* apply. Under this definition, the legal lending limit for the Bank on loans to the Company was approximately $9.7 million at *December 31, 2022. No 23A* transactions were deemed to exist between the Company and the Bank at *December 31, 2022.*

***Capital Requirements***

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory - and possibly additional discretionary - actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

Effective *January 1, 2015,* the federal banking regulators adopted rules to implement the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The final rules required the Bank to comply with the following minimum capital ratios: (i) a common equity Tier *1* capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets; (ii) a Tier *1* capital ratio of 6% of risk-weighted assets; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8% of risk-weighted assets; and (iv) a leverage ratio of 4% of total assets. As fully phased in on *January 1, 2019,* the rules require the Bank to maintain (i) a minimum ratio of common equity Tier *1* to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% "capital conservation buffer" (which is added to the *4.5%* common equity Tier *1* ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of common equity Tier *1* to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%), (ii) a minimum ratio of Tier *1* capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the *6.0%* Tier *1* capital ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier *1* capital ratio of 8.5%), (iii) a minimum ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (which is added to the *8.0%* total capital ratio, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5%), and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4%, calculated as the ratio of Tier *1* capital to average assets.

Under Basel III Capital requirements, a capital conservation buffer of 0.625% became effective beginning on *January 1, 2016.* The capital conservation buffer was gradually increased through *January 1, 2019* to 2.50%. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banks are now required to maintain levels that meet the required minimum plus the capital conservation buffer in order to make distributions, such as dividends, or discretionary bonus payments. The Banks's capital conservation buffer is 4.42% as of *December 31, 2022.*

*94*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *19.* Regulatory Restrictions, continued**

***Capital Requirements, continued***

The rules also revised the prompt corrective action framework, which is designed to place restrictions on insured depository institutions if their capital levels begin to show signs of weakness. Under the prompt corrective action requirements, which are designed to complement the capital conservation buffer, insured depository institutions are required to meet the following capital level requirements in order to qualify as "well capitalized:" a common equity Tier *1* capital ratio of 6.5%; a Tier *1* capital ratio of 8%; a total capital ratio of 10%; and a Tier *1* leverage ratio of 5%.

The Company meets eligibility criteria of a small bank holding company in accordance with the Federal Reserve Board's Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement, and is *not* obligated to report consolidated regulatory capital. The Bank's actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table as of *December 31, 2022* and *2021.* These ratios comply with Federal Reserve rules to align with the Basel III Capital requirements effective *January 1, 2015.*

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Actual** | **Actual** | **For Capital**<br> **Adequacy Purposes** | **For Capital**<br> **Adequacy Purposes** | **To Be Well-**<br> **Capitalized** | **To Be Well-**<br> **Capitalized** |
|  | **Amount** | **Ratio** | **Amount** | **Ratio** | **Amount** | **Ratio** |
| <u>**December 31, 2022**</u> |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Capital (to risk weighted assets) | $97172 | 12.42% | $62592 | 8.00% | $78240 | 10.00% |
| Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) | $90878 | 11.62% | $46944 | 6.00% | $62592 | 8.00% |
| Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk weighted assets) | $90878 | 11.62% | $35208 | 4.50% | $50856 | 6.50% |
| Tier 1 Capital (to average total assets) | $90878 | 8.79% | $41342 | 4.00% | $51677 | 5.00% |
| **<u>December 31, 2021</u>** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Capital (to risk weighted assets) | $90617 | 12.23% | $59256 | 8.00% | $74071 | 10.00% |
| Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) | $84900 | 11.46% | $44442 | 6.00% | $59256 | 8.00% |
| Common Equity Tier 1 (to risk weighted assets) | $84900 | 11.46% | $33332 | 4.50% | $48146 | 6.50% |
| Tier 1 Capital (to average total assets) | $84900 | 8.58% | $39598 | 4.00% | $49497 | 5.00% |

---

On *September 17, 2019* the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation finalized a rule that introduces an optional simplified measure of capital adequacy for qualifying community banking organizations (i.e., the community bank leverage ratio ("CBLR") framework; as required by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act. The CBLR framework is designed to reduce burden by removing the requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the framework.

In order to qualify for the CBLR framework, a community banking organization must have a Tier *1* leverage ratio of greater than 9.00%, less than $10.0 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. A qualifying community banking organization that opts into the CBLR framework and meets all requirements under the framework will be considered to have met the well-capitalized ratio requirements under the prompt corrective action regulations and will *not* be required to report or calculated risk-based capital.

The CBLR framework was available for banks to use in their *December 31, 2022,* Call Report. At this time the Company has elected *not* to opt into the CBLR framework for the Bank, but *may* opt into the CBLR framework in the future.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 95

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *20.* Parent Company Financial Information**

Condensed financial information of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. is presented as follows:

***Balance Sheets***

 ***December 31, 2022* and *2021***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| ***Assets*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Cash and due from banks | $63 | $26 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Investment in affiliate bank | 72559 | 88049 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other assets | 359 | 357 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total assets | $72981 | $88432 |
| ***Liabilities*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Borrowings | $- | $3200 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other liabilities | 45 | 38 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total liabilities | 45 | 3238 |
| ***Stockholders***' ***Equity*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Common stock |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Surplus | 33613 | 33588 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Retained earnings | 62229 | 53745 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (22906) | (2139) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total stockholders' equity | 72936 | 85194 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $72981 | $88432 |

---

***Statements of Income***

***For the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022** | **2021** |
| ***Income*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dividends from affiliate bank | $5346 | $7995 |
|  | 5346 | 7995 |
| ***Expenses*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest on borrowings | 178 | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Share-based compensation | 179 | 155 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Management and professional fees | 68 | 60 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other expenses | 7 | 39 |
|  | 432 | 257 |
| Income before tax benefit and equity in undistributed income of affiliate | 4914 | 7738 |
| ***Federal income tax benefit*** | 90 | 55 |
| Income before equity in undistributed income of affiliate | 5004 | 7793 |
| ***Equity in undistributed income of affiliate*** | 5277 | 1689 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net income | $10281 | $9482 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *96*

------

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

------

**Note *20.* Parent Company Financial Information, continued**

***Statements of Cash Flows***

***For the years ended *December 31, 2022* and *2021***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **(dollars in thousands)** | **2022**  | **2021**  |
| ***Cash flows from operating activities*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net income | $10281 | $9482 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equity in undistributed income of affiliate | (5277) | (1689) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Share-based compensation | 179 | 155 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Change in other assets | (2) | (32) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Change in other liabilities | 7 | 10 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net cash provided by operating activities | 5188 | 7926 |
| ***Cash flows from investing activities*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Investment in affiliate |  | (3200) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net cash used by investing activities |  | (3200) |
| ***Cash flows from financing activities*** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Advance on short-term line of credit | 150 | 3200 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Repayment on short-term line of credit | (3350) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Common stock repurchased | (154) | (6307) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dividends paid | (1797) | (1624) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net cash used by financing activities | (5151) | (4731) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 37 | (5) |
| ***Cash and cash equivalents, beginning*** | 26 | 31 |
| ***Cash and cash equivalents, ending*** | $63 | $26 |

---

**Note *21.* Subsequent Events**

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Non-recognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did *not* exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date.

The Company has disclosed deposit compositions in Note *9.* In relation to current economic conditions, management has monitored deposit concentrations through the date the financial statements were issued noting *no* significant changes to compositions. In addition, there has been *no* significant deposit deterioration through the date the financial statements were issued.

The Company has disclosed its investment portfolio position in Note *3.* There has been *no* significant deterioration in the investment portfolio through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

Management has reviewed the events occurring through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued and *no* additional subsequent events occurred requiring accrual or disclosure.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 97

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 9.** | **Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.** |

---

None.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 9A.** | **Controls and Procedures.** |

---

**Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2022 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

**Internal Control over Financial Reporting**

Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over the Company's financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, management has conducted and assessment of the design and effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting based on criteria established in *Internal Control* – *Integrated Framework* issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO").

Management maintains a comprehensive system of internal control to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The system of internal control provides for appropriate division of responsibility and is documented by written policies and procedures that are communicated to employees. Those policies and procedures: 1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and disposition of the assets of the Company, 2) provide reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors, 3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control system, including the possibility of human effort and the circumvention or overriding of internal controls. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Changes in conditions will also impact the internal control effectiveness over time. The Company maintains an internal auditing program, under the supervision of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, which independently assesses the effectiveness of the system of internal control and recommends possible improvements.

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, using the *2013 Internal Control* – *Integrated Framework* issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded as of December 31, 2022, the Company's internal control over financial reporting is adequate and effective and meets the criteria of the *Internal Control* – *Integrated Framework*.

Management's assessment did not determine any material weaknesses within the Company's internal control structure. There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the Company's quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 98

------

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company's registered public accounting firm, regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by the Company's registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only management's report in this annual report.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 9B.** | **Other Information.** |

---

None.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 9C.** | **Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.** |

---

None.

**<u>PART III</u>**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 10.** | **Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.** |

---

**Directors**

The following biographical information discloses each director's age and business experience, and the year that each individual was first elected to the Board of Directors of the Company. Previous service on the boards of Grayson, Cardinal, or Great State prior to the merger with and into the Company is also disclosed, as are the specific skills or attributes that qualify each director for service on the Board of Directors.

***Thomas M. Jackson, Jr. (65)*** – Mr. Jackson has been Chairman of the Board of the Company since its inception in November 2015. Previously he was named a board member for Grayson and Grayson National Bank in 2002 and was elected Chairman in 2012. Mr. Jackson is a practicing attorney and the owner of Jackson Law Group, PLLC, with offices in Hillsville and Wytheville, Virginia. He also has a black angus beef farm at his family home place in Wythe County. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1987 and served as a 6<sup>th</sup> District Representative until 2002. Following his retirement from the General Assembly, he was appointed to the Virginia State Board of Education for a four-year term, serving as Board of Education President the last three years. Mr. Jackson's knowledge of real estate and contract law assists the Bank in its real estate and commercial lending activities. Through his service in the legislature and his current legal practice he has gained extensive knowledge of the communities served by the Company and the Bank.

***James W. Shortt (60)*** – Mr. Shortt has been a director of the Company since its inception in November 2015 and has served as Vice Chairman since June 2016. Mr. Shortt served as a director of Cardinal and the Bank of Floyd from 2012 to 2016, serving as Vice Chairman from 2012 to 2015 and Chairman from 2015 to 2016. He is a partner of Shortt & Murrell, P.C., a general practice law firm with its principal office in Floyd, Virginia. Mr. Shortt is particularly qualified to serve on the Board by virtue of his legal background, especially with regard to his knowledge of real estate law and corporate and business transactions. Mr. Shortt has been practicing law in Virginia since 1988. Mr. Shortt is a graduate of the University of Richmond School of Law and Virginia Tech.

***Jacky K. Anderson (71)*** – ****Mr. Anderson has been a director of the Company since its inception in November 2015. He served as a director of Grayson and Grayson National Bank from 1992 to 2016. Mr. Anderson retired from Grayson and Grayson National Bank in 2013 where he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Grayson and Grayson National Bank from 2000 to 2013. Mr. Anderson began working for Grayson National Bank in 1971, giving him over 49 years of experience in the banking industry. During his tenure Mr. Anderson gained in-depth knowledge of the laws and regulations applicable to the banking industry and developed extensive customer and community relationships.

***Dr. J. Howard Conduff, Jr. (64)*** – Dr. Conduff has been a director of the Company since its inception in November 2015. He served as a director of Cardinal and the Bank of Floyd for many years, representing a third-generation family member to serve on the Cardinal Board. Dr. Conduff is a private practice dentist in Floyd, Virginia. He is a community leader in the Bank's market area where he serves on numerous civic boards. Dr. Conduff has substantial banking experience due to the length of his service on the Cardinal Board. He currently serves as Chairman of the Compensation Committee for the Company. Dr. Conduff is a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute and the MCV School of Dentistry.

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***Blake M. Edwards, Jr. (57)*** – Mr. Edwards, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and the Bank since January 2019, previously served as the Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company and the Bank from November 2015 to December 2018. Prior to that he served as the Chief Financial Officer of Grayson and Grayson National Bank since 1999, and as Senior Executive Vice President since 2013. Before joining Grayson, Mr. Edwards worked with a public accounting firm where his primary focus was providing audit and advisory services to community banks. He is a graduate of Radford University and has also attended the AICPA's School of Banking at the University of Virginia and the Graduate School of Bank Investments and Financial Management at the University of South Carolina. Locally, Mr. Edwards serves as a member of the Joint Governing Board of DLP, Twin County Regional Healthcare, Inc., and as a Director of the Blue Ridge Discovery Center. He also serves as a Director of the Virginia Association of Community Banks and as a member of the Government Relations Committee of the Virginia Bankers Association.

***Bryan L. Edwards (72)*** – Mr. Edwards has been a director of the Company since its inception in November 2015. He served as a director of Grayson and Grayson National Bank from 2005 to 2016. Mr. Edwards served as the manager of the Town of Sparta, North Carolina from 2004 until his retirement in September of 2020. Prior to that he served as Human Resources/Special Projects & Purchasing Director for NAPCO, Inc., a manufacturing company, also in Sparta. He is also a North Carolina licensed real estate broker. His experience allows him to provide working knowledge of local governments and tax authorities as well as insight into local economic and real estate market conditions. Mr. Edwards also serves on the Board of Directors of Blue Ridge Energy, a rural electric cooperative based in Lenoir, North Carolina, since 2007. He is past Chairman of the Virginia-Carolina Water Authority in Independence, Virginia and also past president of the Alleghany County Chamber of Economic Development.

***T. Mauyer Gallimore (80)*** – Mr. Gallimore has been a director of the Company since its inception in November 2015. He served as a director of Cardinal and the Bank of Floyd from 2012 to 2016. Mr. Gallimore is a native of Floyd, Virginia and he has been a small business owner in Floyd County for over 40 years. Mr. Gallimore is the retired owner and founder of Blue Ridge Land and Auction Co., Inc. and has over 30 years of experience as a Certified Real Estate Appraiser. His in-depth knowledge of the real estate market in our primary service areas is a valuable resource for our board and management as the majority of the Bank's loans are secured by real estate.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;***A. Melissa Gentry (58)*** – ****Ms. Gentry has been a director of the Company since June 2016. She was appointed to the board of Cardinal in April 2016. Ms. Gentry is the Chief Financial Officer of Shelor Motor Mile, Inc., where she oversees all financial, accounting and recordkeeping functions for 31 affiliated entities. These entities include automotive sales and service, consumer finance, insurance sales, real estate investment, construction and development, restaurants, retail stores, hotels, cattle and crop farming representing approximately $425 million in annual revenues and over $200 million in inventories and properties. Her business experience gives her vast insight into economic conditions in and around the New River Valley and her accounting expertise is a significant asset for the board and management. Ms. Gentry is a graduate of Virginia Tech and is currently serving on the Board of Directors for two non-profit organizations: New River Valley Health Foundation and Friends of Calfee Park. Ms. Gentry has previously served on the Board for Carilion New River Valley Medical Center.

***R. Devereux Jarratt (81)*** – ****Mr. Jarratt has been a director of the Company since its inception in November 2015. He served as a director of Cardinal and the Bank of Floyd from 2013 to 2016. Prior to retiring on December 31, 2014, he had been the Chief Executive Officer of Physicians Care of Virginia since January 1996. Mr. Jarratt has 22 years of experience in the banking industry with various banking institutions, including First National Exchange Bank, Dominion Bankshares Corporation and First Union. Mr. Jarratt has an undergraduate degree in economics, a graduate degree in accounting and is a graduate of the Stonier Graduate School of Banking. His vast business experience, including direct banking experience, combined with his in-depth knowledge of the Cardinal legacy customers and shareholders, are significant assets to the Board. ****

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***Theresa S. Lazo (66)*** – Mrs. Lazo has been a director of the Company since its inception in November 2015. She served as a director of Grayson and Grayson National Bank from 2011 to 2016. Mrs. Lazo currently serves on the Board of Directors of Oak Hill Academy, and she previously served on the Board of Directors of the Chestnut Creek School of the Arts from 2007 to 2014. She also served six years on the Arts Council of the Twin Counties where she held the offices of treasurer, vice president and president at various times during her tenure. Mrs. Lazo served nine years on the Galax City School Board. Through her vast experience with local non-profit organizations and public institutions she has developed extensive personal relationships within the communities served by the Company and the Bank and offers a unique perspective on our markets.

***W. David McNeill (66)*** – Mr. McNeill has been a director of the Company since July 2018. He was one of the Founders of Great State Bank and served on the Board of Directors from 2008 to 2018. Mr. McNeill is owner and operator of Carolina Kia of High Point, Carolina Hyundai of High Point, McNeill Nissan of Wilkesboro and McNeill Chevrolet Buick of Wilkesboro. He is also owner of Carolina Automotive Group, which is primarily a real estate company owning the properties the dealerships do business on. Mr. McNeill is a graduate of UNC -Chapel Hill.

***Frank A. Stewart (61)*** – ****Mr. Stewart has been a director of the Company since July 2018. He served as director of Great State Bank from 2009 to 2018. Mr. Stewart currently serves on the Caromont Health Board of Directors located in Gaston County, NC. Mr. Stewart has also served in various capacities including Chairman of the Gardner-Webb University Board of Trustees for three years. He received an Honorary Doctorate Degree in Humanities from Gardner-Webb University in May 2016 and has served on the Gardner-Webb University President's Advisory Board. He was appointed by the North Carolina Speaker of the House to the Rural Infrastructure Authority and the North Carolina Ports Authority. Formerly, Mr. Stewart served on the Cleveland Community College Foundation Board of Directors, Coastal Carolina National Bank Board of Directors, on the United Way of Cleveland County Board, and the State Board of the USO of North Carolina. Appointed by the Governor, Frank completed two terms on the North Carolina Advisory Commission on Military Affairs. Mr. Stewart is President of Premier Body Armor, LLC of Gastonia, NC. He is also the owner of Stewart Realty and Stewart Property Management. Previously, he was the owner and founder of Ultra Machine and Fabricating, a sub-contractor manufacturer for several major defense contractors, from 1989 to 2015. Mr. Stewart's strong leadership and commitment to excellence is an asset to the board. Mr. Stewart was born in Barranquilla, Colombia. He moved to the United States in 1982 and received his citizenship in 1992. Mr. Stewart is a graduate of UNC Charlotte with a Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration.

***John Michael Turman (76)*** – Mr. Turman has been a director of the Company since July 2016. He is a long-time resident of Floyd County and has led a variety of businesses in southwest Virginia relating to land, lumber, real estate development, manufacturing, and retail sales. Mr. Turman has developed extensive personal and business relationships throughout the Bank's market area giving him significant knowledge of both current and potential customers as well as shareholders of the Company and the Bank. He attended the University of Virginia's College at Wise and has served on the local Industrial Development Authority.

***J. David Vaughan (55)*** – Mr. Vaughan has been a director of the Company since its inception in November 2015. He served on the board of Grayson and Grayson National Bank from 1999 to 2016. He is the managing partner of My Home Furnishings, LLC, a distributor specializing in youth furniture, located in Mt. Airy, North Carolina, and serves as President of Vaughan Furniture, Incorporated, a furniture distributor located in Galax, Virginia. The furniture industry has historically played a significant role in the local economy of many of the communities served by the Company and Skyline National Bank, and furniture manufacturing still provides a significant source of employment within those communities. Mr. Vaughan's direct knowledge of this industry combined with his financial and managerial experience makes him a valuable resource to the Board. Mr. Vaughan also serves as president of the Wytheville Community College Scholarship Foundation, and as President of Vaughan Restoration Group, which is a group that works in part with the Galax Development Corporation. Mr. Vaughan also serves on the Boards of Directors for Vaughan Furniture Company, Inc., Big "V" Wholesale Company, Inc., and the Vaughan Foundation.

**Executive Officers Who Are Not Directors** 

***Lori C. Vaught (49)*** – Mrs. Vaught, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company and the Bank since January 2019, previously served as Controller of the Bank and its predecessor Grayson National Bank from August 2012 to January 2019. She also served as Grayson National Bank's Vice President of Loan Operations from September 2002 to August 2012. Prior to those positions, she worked with two local public accounting firms with a primary focus on audit and tax services. She earned a Bachelor of Business Administration with a concentration in Accounting from Radford University. She serves as a member of the CFO Committee for the Virginia Bankers Association.

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***Beth R. Worrell (49)*** – Ms. Worrell, Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer of the Bank since January 2019, previously served as an independent consultant to community banks in Virginia and North Carolina, providing outsourced audit, credit review, and compliance services. Ms. Worrell also worked as a shareholder with a large regional public accounting firm where her work was also focused on community banks. She has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics and a Bachelor of Science degree in Business with a concentration in Accounting from Emory & Henry College. Ms. Worrell is a Certified Public Accountant and currently serves as Treasurer for the Chestnut Creek School of the Arts.

***Rodney R. Halsey (54)*** – Mr. Halsey, Executive Vice President and Chief Operations Officer of the Bank, previously worked for Grayson National Bank since 1992, when he began his career as Grayson National Bank's Loan Review Officer. From 1996 to 2001, Mr. Halsey served as Grayson National Bank's Assistant Vice President and Loan Officer. In 2002, he was promoted to Vice President of Information Systems/Loan Officer, and in 2009, Mr. Halsey was promoted to Senior Vice President of Information Systems/Commercial Loan Officer. In 2011, Mr. Halsey was named the Chief Operating Officer of Grayson National Bank. Mr. Halsey has previously served on the Alleghany Memorial Hospital Foundation and the Mount Rogers Planning District Loan Fund Board. He currently serves on the Board of Trustees for Oak Hill Academy and the Wytheville Community College Educational Foundation. Mr. Halsey graduated from Appalachian State University with a degree in Business Administration.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;***C. Greg Edwards (65)*** – Mr. Edwards, Executive Vice President and Regional President, North Carolina for the Bank, previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Great State Bank from 2008 until its acquisition by the Bank in 2018. He was a member of the organizing group of Great State Bank and was elected to the board and President & CEO positions at the time the bank incorporated and began operations during July 2008. He previously served as a senior credit officer for Northwestern National Bank (formerly Wilkes National Bank) from 1994 until that bank was acquired by Integrity Financial Corp. (the parent company of Catawba Valley Bank) in 2002. Following that transaction, he joined Bank of Granite in April 2003 where he served as Senior Vice President and County Executive in Wilkes County until he joined the Great State Bank organizing group in December 2006. Mr. Edwards has 44 years of commercial banking experience and served in loan review, credit administration and lending roles prior to the positions above with Southern National Bank, First Union National Bank and Northwestern Bank.

***Jonathan L. Kruckow (38)*** – Mr. Kruckow, Executive Vice President and Regional President, Virginia for the Bank, previously worked for Grayson National Bank since 2012, when he served as Senior Vice President of Commercial Lending. Prior to joining Grayson, he worked for a large regional bank in the local market where his primary focus was providing commercial banking services for small to mid-sized businesses. He is a graduate of Virginia Tech, the Virginia Bankers Association's School of Bank Management at the University of Virginia, and the Graduate School of Banking at Louisiana State University. Mr. Kruckow currently serves on the Virginia Bankers Association's Lending Executives Committee, the Virginia Bankers Association's School of Bank Management Board of Trustees and the Board of Directors for Virginia Title Center.

***Milo L. Cockerham (36)*** – ****Mr. Cockerham, Executive Vice President and Chief Retail Banking Officer of the Bank, joined the Bank as a consultant in December of 2016 to help with the systems conversion of the merger of Grayson National Bank and Bank of Floyd. He now leads our network of 25 retail branch locations. Mr. Cockerham has 14 years of experience in the banking and financial services industry. Prior to joining Skyline, he served in a managerial role assisting with branch operations in a large branch network for a community bank in North Carolina. Mr. Cockerham is a graduate of Emory & Henry College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics and a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Management. He is a graduate of the Graduate School of Banking at Louisiana State University. He also serves as a member of the Retail Banking Executives Committee for the Virginia Bankers Association and serves as a board member on the Galax Foundation for Excellence.

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**Corporate Governance**

***General***

The business and affairs of the Company are managed under the direction of the Board of Directors in accordance with the Virginia Stock Corporation Act and the Company's Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws. Members of the Board are kept informed of the Company's business through discussions with the Chairman of the Board, the President and Chief Executive Officer and other officers, by reviewing materials provided to them and by participating in meetings of the Board and its committees.

***Code of Ethics***

The Board of Directors has approved a Code of Ethics for Executive Officers and Financial Managers for the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The Code addresses such topics as protection and proper use of Company assets, compliance with applicable laws and regulations, conflicts of interest and insider trading. A copy of the Code will be provided, without charge, to any shareholder upon written request to the Secretary of the Company, whose address is 101 Jacksonville Circle, Floyd, Virginia 24091.

***Committees of the Board***

The Company has an Audit Committee and a Compensation Committee. The Company does not have a standing Nomination Committee.

***Audit Committee.*** The Audit Committee assists the Board of Directors in fulfilling the Board's oversight responsibility to the shareholders relating to the integrity of the Company's financial statements, the Company's compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, the qualifications, independence and performance of the Company's independent auditor and the performance of the internal audit function. The Audit Committee is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent auditor engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attestation services for the Company.

The members of the Audit Committee are Frank A. Stewart, Chairman, Melissa Gentry, Vice Chair, Theresa S. Lazo, John Michael Turman, and T. Mauyer Gallimore, each of whom is independent as that term is defined by the Nasdaq Stock Market.

The Company has not currently designated an "audit committee financial expert." The Company is located in a rural community where such expertise is limited; however, the Board believes that the current members of the Audit Committee have the ability to understand financial statements and generally accepted accounting principles, the ability to assess the general application of such principles in connection with the accounting for estimates, accruals and reserves, an understanding of internal controls and procedures for financial reporting and an understanding of audit committee functions. The Audit Committee met five times during the year ended December 31, 2022.

***Compensation Committee.*** The Compensation Committee reviews senior management's performance and compensation and reviews and sets guidelines for compensation of all employees. All decisions by the Compensation Committee relating to the compensation of the Company's executive officers are reported to the full Board of Directors. 

The members of the Compensation Committee are Dr. J. Howard Conduff, Jr., Chairman, Bryan L. Edwards, Vice Chair, Thomas M. Jackson, Jr., Jacky K. Anderson, and James W. Shortt. Each member, with the exception Jacky K. Anderson, is independent as that term is defined by the Nasdaq Stock Market. The Compensation Committee met three times during the year ended December 31, 2022.

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***Director Nomination Process.*** The Board does not believe it needs a separate nominating committee because the full Board is comprised predominantly of independent directors, with the exception of Messrs. Anderson and Edwards, and has the time and resources to perform the function of selecting board nominees. When the Board performs its nominating function, the Board acts in accordance with the Company's Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws but does not have a separate charter related to the nomination process.

In identifying potential nominees with desired levels of diversification, the Board of Directors takes into account such factors as it deems appropriate, including the current composition of the Board, the range of talents, experiences and skills that would best complement those that are already represented on the Board, the balance of management and independent directors, director representation in geographic areas where the Company operates, and the need for specialized expertise. The Board considers candidates for Board membership suggested by its members and by management, and the Board will consider candidates suggested informally by a shareholder of the Company.

Shareholders entitled to vote for the election of directors may submit candidates for formal consideration by the Company if the Company receives timely written notice, in proper form, for each such recommended director nominee, in accordance with the advance notice procedures contained in the Company's bylaws. If the notice is not timely and in proper form, the nominee will not be considered by the Company.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 11.** | **Executive Compensation.** |

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**Objectives of the Company**'**s Executive Compensation Program** 

The primary objective of the Company's executive compensation program is to attract and retain highly skilled and motivated executive officers who will manage the Company in a manner to promote its growth and profitability and advance the interest of its shareholders. Additional objectives of the Company's executive compensation program include the following:

• to align executive pay with shareholders' interests;

• to recognize individual initiative and achievements; and

• to unite the entire executive management team to a common objective.

**Executive Compensation Principles** 

The Company's executive compensation program is not as complex as those of many companies of similar size and nature. The Company's program consists of base salaries, cash payments in the form of annual bonuses, long-term equity incentives in the form of stock awards, and long-term benefits in the form of pension and supplemental executive retirement plans. Executive officers also participate in the Company's 401(k) plan.

During 2020, the Company's shareholders approved the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan, pursuant to which the Company may issue up to 300,000 shares of common stock in the form of stock options, stock awards, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights.

**How Executive Pay Levels are Determined** 

The Compensation Committee regularly reviews the Company's executive compensation program and its elements. All decisions by the Compensation Committee relating to the compensation of the Company's executive officers are reported to the Board. The Compensation Committee also engages Pearl Meyer & Partners, LLC, an independent, third-party compensation consulting firm to assist with the design and implementation of the Company's overall executive compensation program. Pearl Meyer & Partners, LLC also compiles the comparative industry market data that the committee uses to assess overall compensation competitiveness.

The role of the Chief Executive Officer in determining executive compensation is limited to input in the performance evaluation of the other named executive officers. The Chief Executive Officer has no input in the determination of his own compensation. Likewise, the other named executive officers have no role in the determination of their own executive compensation.

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In determining the compensation of our executive officers, the Compensation Committee evaluates total overall compensation, as well as the mix of salary, cash bonuses and other long-term compensation, using a number of factors including the following:

• The Company's financial and operating performance, measured by attainment of strategic objectives and operating results;

• the duties, responsibilities and performance of each executive officer of the Company, including the achievement of identified goals for the year as they pertain to the areas of the Company's operations for which the executive is personally responsible and accountable;

• historical cash and other compensation levels; and

• comparative industry market data to assess compensation competitiveness.

***SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE***

Immediately below is a table setting forth the compensation paid to the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, the Executive Vice President and Regional President, Virginia of Skyline National Bank and the Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer of Skyline National Bank.

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| <br> **Name and Principal Position** | **Year** | **Salary ($)** | **Bonus ($)** | **Stock**<br> **Awards ($) <sup>(1)</sup>** | **All Other**<br> **Compensation ($) <sup>(2)</sup>** | **Total ($)** |
| **Blake M. Edwards, Jr.** | 2022 | 360000 | 77500 | 32500 | 10339 | 480339 |
| President and Chief Executive Officer | 2021 | 310000 | 67950 | 28250 | 15400 | 421600 |
| **Jonathan L. Kruckow** | 2022 | 187500 | 36000 | 26000 | 7500 | 257000 |
| Executive Vice President and Regional President, Virginia | 2021 | 180000 | 30804 | 22600 | 8900 | 242304 |
| **Beth R. Worrell** | 2022 | 180000 | 35000 | 26000 | 7200 | 248200 |
| Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer | 2021 | 175000 | 30804 | 22600 | 8296 | 236700 |

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(1) The amounts reported reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of the awards for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 computed in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards Codification 718 – Compensation – Stock Compensation. Stock awards consisted of grants of restricted stock awards. For valuation and discussion of assumptions related to stock awards, please refer to "Share-based Compensation" discussion in Note 1 and Note 15 Share-based Compensation in the Company's audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

(2) Includes matching and discretionary contributions under the Company's 401(k) plan.

**Supplemental Discussion of Compensation** 

The Company has an employment agreement with Blake M. Edwards and change in control agreements with Mr. Kruckow and Ms. Worrell as described below. All compensation that the Company pays to its named executive officers is determined as described above.

***Stock Options and Equity-Based Awards***

During 2022, 2,500 restricted stock awards were issued to the President & CEO and 2,000 restricted stock awards were issued to other members of the Company's executive management team. The stock awards vested 20% on December 15, 2022, and will vest 20% on December 15, 2023, 20% on December 15, 2024, 20% on December 15, 2025, and 20% on December 15, 2026. No stock options were granted to any of the Company's employees during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and none were outstanding at December 31, 2022.

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***Pension Benefits***

Prior to the merger, both Grayson and Cardinal had qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plans which covered substantially all of their employees. The benefits are primarily based on years of service and earnings. Both Grayson and Cardinal plans were amended to freeze benefit accruals for all eligible employees prior to the effective date of the Cardinal merger.

***Nonqualified Deferred Compensation***

Deferred compensation plans have been adopted for certain executive officers and members of the Board of Directors for future compensation upon retirement. Under plan provisions aggregate annual payments ranging from $4,268 to $26,791 are payable for ten years certain, generally beginning at age 65. Reduced benefits apply in cases of early retirement or death prior to the benefit date, as defined in the plan.

In addition, the Company has adopted supplemental executive retirement plans (the "SERPs") for Blake M. Edwards, Jonathan L. Kruckow, and Beth R. Worrell. The SERPs provides for a retirement benefit (equal to $168,000 per year for Mr. Edwards, $60,000 per year for Mr. Kruckow, and $60,000 per year for Ms. Worrell) payable monthly and continuing for the executive's lifetime, beginning upon the later of the executive's separation from service with the Bank or reaching age 65, subject to the vesting schedule set forth in the SERP agreement. Reduced benefits apply in cases of early retirement. In addition, the SERP agreements provide that the executive's retirement benefit will be fully vested upon a Change in Control, as defined in the SERP agreement.

***Holdings of Stock Awards***

The following table contains information concerning unvested stock awards at December 31, 2022 for each of the named executive officers.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Outstanding Equity Awards** | **Outstanding Equity Awards** | **Outstanding Equity Awards** | **Outstanding Equity Awards** |
| **Fiscal Year End 2022** | **Fiscal Year End 2022** | **Fiscal Year End 2022** | **Fiscal Year End 2022** |
|  | **Stock Awards** | **Stock Awards** | **Stock Awards** |
| **Name** | <br>**Grant Date** | **Number of Shares**<br>**Or Units of Stock**<br>**That Have Not**<br>**Vested (#) <sup>(1)</sup>** | **Market Value of**<br>**Shares or Units of**<br>**Stock That Have**<br>**Not Vested ($) <sup>(2)</sup>** |
| Blake M. Edwards, Jr. | 03/31/2021 | 1250 | 14188 |
|  | 02/18/2022 | 2000 | 22700 |
| Jonathan L. Kruckow | 03/31/2021 | 1000 | 11350 |
|  | 02/18/2022 | 1600 | 18160 |
| Beth R. Worrell | 03/31/2021 | 1000 | 11350 |
|  | 02/18/2022 | 1600 | 18160 |

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(1) Amounts are comprised of unvested restricted stock awards at December 31, 2022. The restricted stock awards granted on March 31, 2021 vest 25% on December 31, 2021, 25% on December 15, 2022, 25% on December 15, 2023, and 25% on December 15, 2024. The restricted stock awards granted on February 18, 2022 vest 20% on December 15, 2022, 20% on December 15, 2023, 20% on December 15, 2024, 20% on December 15, 2025, and 20% on December 31, 2026.

(2) Amounts represent the fair market value of the restricted stock awards on December 31, 2022. The closing price of the Company's common stock was $11.35 on that date.

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***Payments upon Termination of Employment or a Change of Control***

*Employment Agreement of Blake M. Edwards*

On June 1, 2019, the Company entered into a new executive employment agreement with Blake M. Edwards, the Company's current President and Chief Executive Officer.

The term of Mr. Edwards's employment under Mr. Edwards's employment agreement began on June 1, 2019 and continued for an initial term of three years. After the expiration of this initial term, Mr. Edwards's employment agreement will automatically extend on June 1 of each year for successive one-year periods, unless either Mr. Edwards or the Company elects not to so extend. The employment agreement provides for an initial base salary of $285,000 per year. Mr. Edwards will be eligible to be considered for incentive compensation, if any, in an amount determined appropriate by the Company based on the recommendation of the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. He is also entitled to participate in the Company's employee benefit plans and programs for which he is or will be eligible.

Mr. Edwards's employment agreement provides for the termination of Mr. Edwards's employment by the Company without "Cause" or by him for "Good Reason" in the absence of a "Change in Control" (as those terms are defined in the employment agreement). In such cases, Mr. Edwards will be entitled to receive his then-current base salary for the lesser of the remainder of the term or 18 months. Mr. Edwards's employment agreement also provides for the termination of Mr. Edwards's employment by the Company following a "Change in Control" or by him for "Good Reason" following a "Change in Control." In such cases, Mr. Edwards will be entitled to receive, among other things, a lump sum amount equal to 2.99 times the sum of his base salary and highest annual bonus during the two years preceding the Change in Control. Mr. Edwards's entitlement to the foregoing severance payments is subject to Mr. Edwards's release and waiver of claims against the Company and his compliance with certain restrictive covenants as provided in the employment agreement.

In the event that Mr. Edwards is terminated by the Company as a result of a "Permanent Disability" (as defined in the employment agreement), Mr. Edwards will be entitled to receive a lump sum payment equal to 90 days of his then-current base salary. Mr. Edwards will not be entitled to any compensation or other benefits under his employment agreement if his employment is terminated upon his death, by the Company for "Cause," or by him in the absence of "Good Reason."

Mr. Edwards's employment agreement contains restrictive covenants relating to the protection of confidential information, non-disclosure, non-competition and non-solicitation. The non-compete and non-solicitation covenants generally continue for a period of 24 months following the last day of Mr. Edwards' employment.

*Change in Control Agreement with Jonathan L. Kruckow*

On June 1, 2019, the Company entered into a change in control agreement with Jonathan L. Kruckow, the Company's Executive Vice President and Regional President, Virginia. On May 26, 2022 the Company amended the change in control agreement to extend the term of such agreement to December 31, 2023; provided that, on December 31, 2022, and on each December 31 thereafter, the agreement will automatically be extended for an additional calendar year such that the extended term is two years, unless either Mr. Kruckow or the Company elects not to so extend.

Mr. Kruckow's change in control agreement provides that if the Mr. Kruckow's employment is terminated by the Company without "Cause" or by him for "Good Reason" within 12 months following a "Change in Control Event" (as those terms are defined in the change in control agreement), the Company will make a severance payment to Mr. Kruckow equal to his annualized base salary. Mr. Kruckow's entitlement to the foregoing severance payment is subject to Mr. Kruckow's release and waiver of claims against the Company and his compliance with certain restrictive covenants as provided in the change in control agreement.

Mr. Kruckow will not be entitled to any compensation or other benefits under his change in control agreement if (a) the Company terminates his employment for "Cause," (b) he voluntarily terminates his employment for other than "Good Reason," or (c) his employment terminates or is terminated due to his death, "Retirement" or pursuant to a "Determination of Long Term Incapacity" (as those terms are defined in the change in control agreement).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 107

------

Mr. Kruckow's change in control agreement contains restrictive covenants relating to the protection of confidential information, non-disclosure, non-competition and non-solicitation. The non-compete and non-solicitation covenants generally continue for a period of 12 months following the last day of Mr. Kruckow's employment.

*Change in Control Agreement with Beth R. Worrell*

On June 1, 2019, the Company entered into a change in control agreement with Beth R. Worrell, the Company's Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer. On May 26, 2022 the Company amended the change in control agreement to extend the term of such agreement to December 31, 2023; provided that, on December 31, 2022, and on each December 31 thereafter, the agreement will automatically be extended for an additional calendar year such that the extended term is two years, unless either Ms. Worrell or the Company elects not to so extend.

Ms. Worrell's change in control agreement provides that if Ms. Worrell's employment is terminated by the Company without "Cause" or by her for "Good Reason" within 12 months following a "Change in Control Event" (as those terms are defined in the change in control agreement), the Company will make a severance payment to Ms. Worrell equal to two times her annualized base salary. Ms. Worrell's entitlement to the foregoing severance payment is subject to Ms. Worrell's release and waiver of claims against the Company and her compliance with certain restrictive covenants as provided in the change in control agreement.

Ms. Worrell will not be entitled to any compensation or other benefits under her change in control agreement if (a) the Company terminates her employment for "Cause," (b) she voluntarily terminates her employment for other than "Good Reason," or (c) her employment terminates or is terminated due to her death, "Retirement" or pursuant to a "Determination of Long Term Incapacity" (as those terms are defined in the change in control agreement).

Ms. Worrell's change in control agreement contains restrictive covenants relating to the protection of confidential information, non-disclosure, non-competition and non-solicitation. The non-compete and non-solicitation covenants generally continue for a period of 12 months following the last day of Ms. Worrell's employment.

Following any termination of employment or a change in control, the Company's named executive officers are entitled to certain pension benefits and deferred compensation, as described above, and benefits under various health and insurance plans, which are available generally to all employees.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 108

------

**Director Compensation** 

The following table shows the compensation earned by each of the non-employee directors during 2022. On December 30, 2022, each nonemployee director received a stock award of 600 shares, except for the chairman, who received 1,500 stock awards. The stock awards immediately vested. Fees may also include reimbursement for ordinary business expenses such as lodging, meals, and mileage.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Fees Paid ($)** | **Stock**<br> **Awards ($) <sup>(1)</sup>** | **Total ($)** |
| Jacky K. Anderson | 28226 | 6810 | 35036 |
| Dr. J. Howard Conduff, Jr. | 25726 | 6810 | 32536 |
| Bryan L. Edwards | 26270 | 6810 | 33080 |
| T. Mauyer Gallimore | 27371 | 6810 | 34181 |
| A. Melissa Gentry | 26388 | 6810 | 33198 |
| Thomas M. Jackson, Jr., Chairman | 30828 | 17025 | 47853 |
| R. Devereux Jarratt | 27462 | 6810 | 34272 |
| Theresa S. Lazo | 26708 | 6810 | 33518 |
| W. David McNeill | 26271 | 6810 | 33081 |
| James W. Shortt | 29098 | 6810 | 35908 |
| Frank A. Stewart | 25562 | 6810 | 32372 |
| John Michael Turman | 25985 | 6810 | 32795 |
| J. David Vaughan | 27319 | 6810 | 34129 |
| Total | 353214 | 98745 | 451959 |

---

------

(1) The amounts reported reflect the aggregate grant date fair value of the stock awards for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 computed in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Accounting Standards Codification 718 – Compensation – Stock Compensation. The grant date fair value for these stock awards of $11.35 per share was based on the closing sales price of the Company's common stock on the grant date (December 30, 2022).

The Chairman of the Board receives fees of $1,000 per meeting and a monthly retainer of $400. The Vice Chairman of the Board receives fees of $900 per meeting and a monthly retainer of $350. All other directors receive $750 per meeting and a monthly retainer of $300. Additionally, $400 is paid to all directors for each committee meeting attended.

Blake M. Edwards, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company, did not receive any compensation for his services as a director.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 109

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 12.** | **Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.** |

---

The following table sets forth information as of March 27, 2023 regarding the number of shares of the Company's common stock beneficially owned by each director, each named executive officer and by all directors and executive officers as a group. Beneficial ownership includes shares, if any, held in the name of the spouse, minor children or other relatives of the director or executive officer living in such person's home, as well as shares, if any, held in the name of another person under an arrangement whereby the director or executive officer can vest title in himself at once or at some future time.

**Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership<sup>(1)</sup>**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name of Beneficial Owner** | **Shares of**<br> **Common**<br> **Stock** | **Unvested**<br> **Stock**<br> **Awards** | **Total** | **Percent of**<br> **Class** |
| **Directors and Named Executive Officers:** |  |  |  |  |
| Jacky K. Anderson | 3312 | - | 3312<br><sup>(2)</sup> | \* |
| Dr. J. Howard Conduff, Jr. | 132980 | - | 132980<br><sup>(3)</sup> | 2.37% |
| Bryan L. Edwards | 2608 | - | 2608 | \* |
| T. Mauyer Gallimore | 9351 | - | 9351<br><sup>(4)</sup> | \* |
| A. Melissa Gentry | 5700 | - | 5700 | \* |
| Thomas M. Jackson, Jr., Chairman | 14120 | - | 14120 | \* |
| R. Devereux Jarratt | 38151 | - | 38151 | \* |
| Theresa S. Lazo | 26402 | - | 26402<br><sup>(5)</sup> | \* |
| W. David McNeill | 25926 | - | 25926 | \* |
| James W. Shortt | 5543 | - | 5543<br><sup>(6)</sup> | \* |
| Frank A. Stewart | 119119 | - | 119119<br><sup>(7)</sup> | 2.12% |
| John Michael Turman | 14479 | - | 14479<br><sup>(8)</sup> | \* |
| J. David Vaughan | 10983 | - | 10983<br><sup>(9)</sup> | \* |
| Blake M. Edwards, Jr. | 3656 | 3250 | 6906 | \* |
| Jonathan L. Kruckow | 10 | 2600 | 2610 | \* |
| Beth R. Worrell | 2200 | 2600 | 4800<br><sup>(10)</sup> | \* |
| **All of the Company**'**s directors, executive officers, and executive officers as a group (20 individuals)** | 447924 | 18850 | 466774 | 8.32% |

---

------

(1) Based on 5,607,416 shares of the Company's common stock outstanding as of March 27, 2023

(2) Includes 2,112 shares held jointly with his children and his former spouse.

(3) Includes 11,163 shares owned jointly with his spouse and 8,297 shares owned by his sons.

(4) Includes 7,501 shares owned jointly with his spouse.

(5) Includes 2,914 shares owned jointly with her spouse.

(6) Includes 3,076 shares owned jointly with his spouse.

(7) Includes 114,340 shares owned jointly with his spouse.

(8) Includes 13,279 held jointly with his spouse.

(9) Includes 1,526 shares owned jointly with his children.

(10) Includes 800 shares held jointly with her spouse.

\* Represents less than 1% of outstanding common stock

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 110

------

**Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners**

The following table sets forth information as of March 27, 2023, unless otherwise noted, regarding the number of shares of the Company's common stock beneficially owned by all persons known by us who own, or will own under certain conditions, five percent or more of our outstanding shares of the Company's common stock.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name and Address of Beneficial Owner** | **Amount and** <br> **Nature of** <br> **Beneficial** <br> **Ownership** | **Percent of**<br> **Class <sup>(1)</sup>**  |
| Fourthstone LLC<br> 575 Maryville Centre Drive, Suite 110<br> St. Louis, MO 63141 | 311753<sup>(2)</sup> | 5.56% |

---

------

(1) Based on 5,607,416 shares of the Company's common stock outstanding as of March 27, 2023.

(2) According to a Schedule 13G filed on February 14, 2023, Fourthstone LLC ("Fourthstone"), Fourthstone Master Opportunity Fund Ltd, Fourthstone QP Opportunity Fund LP, Fourthstone Small-Cap Financials Fund LP, Fourthstone GP LLC, the general partner of Fourthstone QP Opportunity Fund LP and Fourthstone Small-Cap Financials Fund LP, and L. Phillip Stone, IV, the managing member of Fourthstone and Fourthstone GP LLC reported shared voting power and shared dispositive power over 311,753 shares of the Company's common stock.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 111

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 13.** | **Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.** |

---

Some of the directors and officers of the Company are at present, as in the past, customers of Skyline National Bank, and Skyline National Bank has had, and expects to have in the future, banking relationships in the ordinary course of its business with directors, officers, principal shareholders, and their associates, on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral on loans, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with persons not related to the Company. These transactions do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. The aggregate outstanding balance of loans to directors, executive officers, and their associates, as a group, at December 31, 2022 totaled $10.0 million or 13.75% of the Company's equity capital at that date.

There are no legal proceedings to which any director, officer, or principal shareholder, or any affiliate thereof, is a party that would be material and adverse to the Company.

The Company has not adopted a formal policy that covers the review and approval of related person transactions by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors, however, does review all such transactions that are proposed to it for approval. During such a review, the Board will consider, among other things, the related person's relationship to the Company, the facts and circumstances of the proposed transaction, the aggregate dollar amount of the transaction, the related person's relationship to the transaction, and any other material information. The Company's Audit Committee also has the responsibility to review significant conflicts of interest involving directors or executive officers.

**Independence of Directors**

The Board of Directors in its business judgment has determined that the following twelve of its fourteen members are independent as that term is defined by the Nasdaq Stock Market: Dr. J. Howard Conduff, Jr., Bryan L. Edwards, T. Mauyer Gallimore, Melissa Gentry, Thomas M. Jackson, Jr., R. Devereux Jarratt, Theresa S. Lazo, W. David McNeill, James W. Shortt, Frank A. Stewart, John Michael Turman, and J. David Vaughan.

The Board considered the following transactions between us and certain of our directors or their affiliates to determine whether such director was independent under the above standards:

● Prior to the Cardinal merger, Grayson had an advisory agreement in place with Mr. Anderson under which he was paid for various consultative and advisory services related to customer, shareholder, and employee related issues. The agreement expired in September of 2014. Mr. Anderson also served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Grayson from June 2000 until his retirement in September 2013.

Additional information about committees is included in "Corporate Governance – Committees of the Board" in Item 10.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 112

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 14.** | **Principal Accountant Fees and Services.** |

---

***Audit Fees***

The aggregate fees billed by Elliott Davis, PLLC for professional services rendered for the audit of the Company's annual financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and for the review of the financial statements included in the Company's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and services that are normally provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings and engagements, were $130,000 for 2022 and $118,000 for 2021.

***Audit Related Fees***

There were no aggregate fees billed by Elliott Davis, PLLC for professional services for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company's financial statements and not reported under the heading "Audit Fees" above for 2022 and 2021.

***Tax Fees***

The aggregate fees billed by Elliott Davis, PLLC for professional services for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning were $15,900 for 2022 and $11,850 for 2021. During 2022 and 2021, these services generally included Federal and state income tax return preparation.

***All Other Fees***

No fees for other services were billed by Elliott Davis, PLLC for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 or 2021.

**Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures**

All audit related services, tax services and other services were pre-approved by the Audit Committee, which concluded that the provision of such services by Elliott Davis, PLLC was compatible with the maintenance of that firms' independence in the conduct of their auditing functions. The Audit Committee's Charter provides for pre-approval of audit, audit-related and tax services. The Charter authorizes the Audit Committee to delegate to one or more of its members pre-approval authority with respect to permitted services.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 113

------

**<u>PART IV</u>**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 15.** | **Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.** |

---

(a) (1) The following consolidated financial statements of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. are included in Item 8 above:

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

(Elliott Davis, PLLC, Charlotte, NC, U.S. PCAOB Auditor Firm I.D.: 149)

Consolidated Balance Sheets – As of December 31, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Income – Years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity – Years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) The response to this portion of Item 15 is included in Item 8 above.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) The following documents are attached hereto or incorporated herein by reference to Exhibits:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Exhibit</u>**<br> **<u>No.</u>** | **<u>Description</u>** |
| 3.1 | [Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. (attached as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 6, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774923000651/ex_461500.htm) |
| 3.2 | [Amended and Restated Bylaws of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. (attached as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 6, 2023, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774923000651/ex_461501.htm) |
| 4.1 | [Form of Common Stock Certificate of Parkway Acquisition Corp. (attached as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on January 20, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000119312516433460/d107306dex41.htm) |
| 10.1 | [Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, dated November 22, 2017, for the benefit of Blake M. Edwards (attached as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 29, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000100210517000072/ex10-5.htm) |
| 10.2 | [Executive Employment Agreement, dated June 1, 2019, by and between Parkway Acquisition Corp. and Blake M. Edwards (attached as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 6, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000100210519000035/ex10-1.htm) |
| 10.3 | [Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, dated March 31, 2022, for the benefit of Blake M. Edwards (attached as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 6, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774922008418/ex_355628.htm) |
| 10.4 | [Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, dated March 31, 2022, for the benefit of Lori C. Vaught (attached as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 6, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774922008418/ex_355629.htm) |
| 10.5 | [Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreement, dated May 26, 2022 by and between the Company and Lorina C. Vaught (attached as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 27, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774922013774/ex_380892.htm) |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 114

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 10.6 | [Employment Agreement, dated March 1, 2018 and effective upon the merger of Great State Bank into Skyline National Bank, by and between Parkway Acquisition Corp., Skyline National Bank and C. Greg Edwards (attached as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed on April 13, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000119312518117072/d529201dex107.htm) |
| 10.7 | [Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, dated March 31, 2022, for the benefit of Jonathan L. Kruckow (attached as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 6, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774922008418/ex_355631.htm) |
| 10.8 | [Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreement, dated May 26, 2022 by and between the Company and Jonathan L. Kruckow (attached as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 27, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774922013774/ex_380894.htm) |
| 10.9 | [Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, dated March 31, 2022, for the benefit of Beth R. Worrell (attached as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 6, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774922008418/ex_355630.htm) |
| 10.10 | [Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreement, dated May 26, 2022 by and between the Company and Beth R. Worrell (attached as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 27, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774922013774/ex_380893.htm) |
| 10.11 | [Parkway Acquisition Corp. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (attached as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on 10-Q filed on November 13, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774920023815/ex_212600.htm) |
| 10.12 | [Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (attached as exhibit 10.10 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 24, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1657642/000143774921007013/ex_236282.htm) |
| 21.1 | [Subsidiaries of the Company](ex_487306.htm) |
| 23.1 | [Consent of Elliott Davis, PLLC.](ex_493060.htm) |
| 31.1 | [Rule 15(d)-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.](ex_487307.htm) |
| 31.2 | [Rule 15(d)-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.](ex_487308.htm) |
| 32.1 | [Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.](ex_487309.htm) |
| 101 | The following materials from the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |

---

(b) Exhibits

See Item 15(a)(3) above.

(c) Financial Statement Schedules

See Item 15(a)(2) above.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 16.** | **Form 10-K Summary** |

---

None

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 115

------

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **SKYLINE BANKSHARES, INC.** | **SKYLINE BANKSHARES, INC.** |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ Blake M. Edwards |
|  |  | Blake M. Edwards<br> President and Chief Executive Officer<br> (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated on March 28, 2023.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ Blake M. Edwards |
|  |  | Blake M. Edwards<br> President, Chief Executive Officer and Director<br> (Principal Executive Officer) |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ Lori C. Vaught |
|  |  | Lori C. Vaught<br> Chief Financial Officer<br> (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ Thomas M. Jackson, Jr. |
|  |  | Thomas M. Jackson, Jr.<br> Chairman of the Board |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ James W. Shortt |
|  |  | James W. Shortt<br> Vice Chairman |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ A. Melissa Gentry |
|  |  | A. Melissa Gentry<br> Director |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ Jacky K. Anderson |
|  |  | Jacky K. Anderson<br> Director |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ Bryan L. Edwards |
|  |  | Bryan L. Edwards<br> Director |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ J. David Vaughan |
|  |  | J. David Vaughan<br> Director |

---

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ Theresa S. Lazo |
|  |  | Theresa S. Lazo<br> Director |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ J. Howard Conduff, Jr. |
|  |  | J. Howard Conduff, Jr.<br> Director |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ T. Mauyer Gallimore |
|  |  | T. Mauyer Gallimore<br> Director |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ R. Devereux Jarratt |
|  |  | R. Devereux Jarratt<br> Director |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ John Michael Turman |
|  |  | John Michael Turman<br> Director |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ W. David McNeill |
|  |  | W. David McNeill<br> Director |
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By: | /s/ Frank A. Stewart |
|  |  | Frank A. Stewart<br> Director |

---

**Supplemental Information to be Furnished With Reports Filed Pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act by Registrants**

**Which Have Not Registered Securities Pursuant to Section 12 of the Act**

As of the date of this report, we have not sent any annual reports or proxy materials to our stockholders. We intend to deliver (i) our annual report to stockholders for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and (ii) our proxy materials for our 2023 Annual Meeting to our stockholders subsequent to the filing of this report. We will furnish copies of the annual report and the proxy materials to the SEC when we deliver such materials to our stockholders.

## Exhibit 21.1

**Exhibit 21.1**

**SUBSIDIARIES OF THE COMPANY**

Skyline National Bank

## Exhibit 23.1

**Exhibit 23.1**

![a1.jpg](a1.jpg)

**Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement No. 333-251436 on Form S-8 of Parkway Acquisition Corp. of our report dated March 28, 2023, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. and Subsidiary, appearing in the Annual Report to Shareholders, which is incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. and Subsidiary for the year ended December 31, 2022.

/s/ Elliott Davis, PLLC

Charlotte, North Carolina

March 28, 2023

## Exhibit 31.1

**EXHIBIT 31.1**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 15d-14(a)**

**UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

I, Blake M. Edwards, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2022;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 28, 2023  | By:  | /s/ Blake M. Edwards |
|  |  | Blake M. Edwards |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**EXHIBIT 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 15d-14(a)**

**UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

I, Lori C. Vaught, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2022;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: March 28, 2023 | By:  | /s/ Lori C. Vaught |
|  |  | Lori C. Vaught |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**STATEMENT OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND** 

**CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C.** § **1350**

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2022 (the "Form 10-K") of Skyline Bankshares, Inc. (the "Company"), we, Blake M. Edwards, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Lori C. Vaught, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to our knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) the Form 10-K fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the periods presented in the Form 10-K.

By: <u>/s/ Blake M. Edwards</u> Date: March 28, 2023

Blake M. Edwards

Chief Executive Officer

By: <u>/s/ Lori C. Vaught</u> Date: March 28, 2023

Lori C. Vaught

Chief Financial Officer