# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001997859
**File Stem:** 0001997859-25-000115
**Filing Date:** 2025-11
**Character Count:** 182147
**Document Hash:** 8f6a679e1a2f1e01473c3c551e945a5b
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001997859-25-000115.hdr.sgml**: 20251113

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001997859-25-000115

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 86

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250930

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251113

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20251113

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001997859
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** MISCELLANEOUS PUBLISHING [2741]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 04 Manufacturing
- **EIN:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-42144
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251478502

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 5700 WILSHIRE BLVD, SUITE 220
- **CITY:** LOS ANGELES
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 90036
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 213-347-4841

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 5700 WILSHIRE BLVD, SUITE 220
- **CITY:** LOS ANGELES
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 90036

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? wbtn-20250930

**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, DC 20549**

_________________________________________________________________________

**FORM 10-Q**

_________________________________________________________________________

⌧ **QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025**

**OR**

□ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from ___________ to ___________**

**Commission File Number: 001-42144**

_________________________________________________________________________

**WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.**

**(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)**

_________________________________________________________________________

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **81-3830533** |
| **(State or other jurisdiction of<br>incorporation or organization)** | **(I.R.S. Employer<br>Identification No.)** |
| **5700 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 220**<br>**Los Angeles, CA** | **90036**<br>**(Zip Code)** |
| **(Address of principal executive offices)** | |

---

**Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (323) 424-3795**

_________________________________________________________________________

**Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading<br>Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange<br>on which registered** |
| **Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share** | **WBTN** | **Nasdaq Global Select Market** |

---

_________________________________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | □ | Accelerated filer | □ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ⌧ | Smaller reporting company | □ |
| | | Emerging growth company | □ |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes □ No ⌧

As of November 7, 2025, the registrant had 130,765,676 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding.

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

**Table of Contents**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **Page** |
| **<u>[Glossary](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_10)</u>** | **[ii](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_10)** |
| **<u>[Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_13)</u>** | **[iii](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_13)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**<u>[PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_16)</u>** | **[1](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_16)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_19)</u> | [1](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_19) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_22)</u> | [1](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_22) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_25)</u> | [3](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_25) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_28)</u> | [4](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_28) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_31)</u> | [6](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_31) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_34)</u> | [8](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_34) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_115)</u> | [24](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_115) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_151)</u> | [36](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_151) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 4. Controls and Procedures.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_154)</u> | [36](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_154) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**<u>[PART II-OTHER INFORMATION](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_157)</u>** | **[38](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_157)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 1. Legal Proceedings.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_160)</u> | [38](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_160) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 1A. Risk Factors.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_169)</u> | [38](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_166) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_172)</u> | [38](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_172) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_175)</u> | [38](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_175) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_178)</u> | [38](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_178) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 5. Other Information.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_181)</u> | [38](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_181) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 6. Exhibits.](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_187)</u> | [39](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_187) |
| **<u>[Signatures](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_190)</u>** | **[40](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_190)** |

---

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

**GLOSSARY**

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Report"), unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*amateur creator(s)*" means creators who do not currently monetize their content as Paid Content on our platform as they are subject to our standard terms and conditions without Paid Content revenue sharing provisions. Amateur creators may monetize through other methods, including advertising if they meet certain viewership and subscriber thresholds.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*Coins*" means our in-app currency, which our users can purchase, earn by completing certain advertisement-associated actions or receive during in-app promotional events.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*creators*" means individuals who upload content to our platform and whose content remains available on our platform. Total creators include both amateur and professional creators.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*Daily Pass*" means a digital pass that provides users with access to locked episodes primarily from a series that is no longer publishing new episodes.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*eBookJapan*" means our eBook (including digital manga, which is manga in a digital format), web-comic and web-novel offering in Japan dedicated to professional creators.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*episode*" means a periodically uploaded chapter or installment of a web-comic or web-novel title.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*Fast Pass*" means a digital pass that provides users with early access to upcoming episodes for ongoing series of content on our platform, which must be purchased with Coins.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*IP Adaptations*" means adaptations of certain content on our offerings into other media formats such as film, streaming series, games and merchandise.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*LINE MANGA*" means our web-comic and digital manga offering in Japan dedicated to both amateur and professional creators.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*manga*" means a style of Japanese comic books and graphic novels typically presented in print format.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*MAU*" or "*monthly active users*" means users who visited our offerings at least once in the applicable calendar month, averaged over each month in the given period.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*MPU*" or "*monthly paying users*" means users who have paid to access Paid Content in the applicable calendar month, averaged over each month in the given period.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*Munpia*" means, as context requires, Munpia Inc., one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries in Korea, or Munpia, the namesake web-novel offering and web-novel creator community in Korea run by Munpia Inc.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*NAVER*" means NAVER Corporation, a global information communications technology (ICT) company and our parent, and its subsidiaries and affiliates, excluding WEBTOON, unless context otherwise requires.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*NAVER SERIES*" means our eBook, web-comic and web-novel offering in Korea dedicated to professional creators.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*NAVER WEBTOON*" means NAVER WEBTOON Ltd., one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries in Korea that operates our offerings including WEBTOON and WEBTOON Korea.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*offering*" means our mobile applications, websites or specific sections within such applications and websites where our creators post content, including WEBTOON, WEBTOON Korea, LINE MANGA, NAVER SERIES, eBookJapan, Munpia and Wattpad.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*Paid Content*" means content on our offerings that our users need to pay to access, including through the use of Coins.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*Paid Content Average Revenue per Paying User"* or "*ARPPU"* means the average Paid Content revenue in a given month divided by the number of monthly paying users for such month, averaged over each month in the given period.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*Paying ratio*" means, with respect to a given period, the ratio of MPU divided by MAU.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*Paying user*" means, with respect to a given period, a user who has paid to access Paid Content on our platform.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*professional creator(s)*" means creators who monetize through Paid Content on our platform under formal creator agreements with Paid Content revenue sharing provisions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*title*" means a sequential web-comic or web-novel story that is comprised of episodes.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*Wattpad*" means, as context requires, Wattpad Corp., one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries in Canada which was acquired by NAVER in May 2021 and subsequently acquired by us from NAVER in June 2023, or Wattpad, the namesake global web-novel offering with a global community of creators who are mostly amateur creators that is run by Wattpad Corp.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*web-comics*" means digitally created and serialized stories expressed through vertical, continuous and graphical content.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*web-novels*" means digitally created, serialized and text-based stories.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*WEBTOON*" means, as context requires, WEBTOON Entertainment Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries, or WEBTOON, the namesake global web-comic offering run by NAVER WEBTOON.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "*WEBTOON Korea*" means NAVER WEBTOON, our web-comic offering in Korea

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

**CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and reflect management's assumptions, views, plans, objectives and projections about the future. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "goal," "seek," "believe," "project," "estimate," "expect," "strategy," "future," "likely," "may," "should," "will" and similar references to future periods. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• expected operating results, such as revenue growth and earnings;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• economic and industry trends;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the demand for our platform in general;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to continue to attract and empower creators to create engaging content;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to grow and retain our user base and strengthen our brand;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to increase engagement with users and strengthen our community;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to attract and retain our senior management team or key personnel;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to continue to innovate and expand our advertising business;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to increase paying ratio and strengthen our monetization capability;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to increase revenues from our intellectual property operations;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our beliefs about and objectives for future operation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• future acquisitions or investments;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to continue to grow across our current markets and expand into new markets;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to continue to innovate and enhance our offerings;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the impact of our product development initiatives, including our use of AI;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the functionality and economics of our platform on mobile operating systems;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to maintain the security and availability of our platform;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the increased expenses associated with being a public company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our business model and expectations and management of future growth, including expansion in international markets and expenditures associated with such growth; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to compete with existing and new competitors in existing and new markets.

Because forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding future events, they are subject to risks, uncertainties and changes that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. You should realize that if underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, or known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, our actual results and financial condition could vary materially from expectations and projections expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements.

More information on factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ from those expressed in forward-looking statements is included from time to time in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025 (the "Annual Report"), particularly under Part I. Item 1A, "Risk Factors." Investors should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors and should not consider the risks described above and under Part I. Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties.

All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Report and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in or incorporated by reference into this Report. Except as is required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly release any revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events after the date of this Report.

iii

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

**PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

**Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements.**

**WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.**

**Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets**

**(unaudited)**

(in thousands of USD, except share and per share data)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As of** | **As of** |
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| **Assets** | | |
| **Current assets:** | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $584575 | $572402 |
| Receivables<sup>1</sup>, net of allowance for credit losses of $3,405 and $3,418 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 177493 | 169187 |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net<sup>2</sup> | 80346 | 94783 |
| **Total current assets** | **842414** | **836372** |
| Property and equipment, net | 8651 | 3782 |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 25944 | 16649 |
| Debt and equity securities | 75513 | 70178 |
| Intangible assets, net | 168085 | 180912 |
| Goodwill, net | 678118 | 665275 |
| Equity method investments | 83128 | 78668 |
| Deferred tax assets | 22725 | 17592 |
| Other non-current assets, net<sup>3</sup> | 73293 | 65906 |
| **Total assets** | $**1977871** | $**1935334** |
| **Liabilities and equity** |  |  |
| **Current liabilities:** |  |  |
| Accounts payable<sup>4</sup> | $140971 | $127306 |
| Accrued expenses<sup>5</sup> | 71521 | 62209 |
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities<sup>6</sup> | 9563 | 6053 |
| Contract liabilities<sup>7</sup> | 88215 | 85860 |
| Income tax payables - corporate tax | 4743 | 10093 |
| Consumption taxes payables | 3625 | 8339 |
| Provisions and defined pension benefits | 13367 | 11133 |
| Other current liabilities | 2255 | 2231 |
| **Total current liabilities** | **334260** | **313224** |
| **Non-current liabilities:** |  |  |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities<sup>8</sup> | 16733 | 11187 |
| Defined severance benefits | 22613 | 22030 |
| Deferred tax liabilities | 25932 | 30271 |
| Other non-current liabilities | 3397 | 2161 |
| **Total liabilities** | $**402935** | $**378873** |
| Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7) |  |  |
| **Redeemable non-controlling interest in subsidiary** | $37632 | $36580 |
| **Stockholders' equity:** |  |  |
| Common stock, $0.0001 par value (2,000,000,000 authorized, 130,727,747 shares and 128,587,944 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively) | $13 | $13 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 2131518 | 2103931 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (98247) | (124620) |

---

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Accumulated deficit | (545559) | (507197) |
| **Total stockholders' equity attributable to WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.** | **1487725** | **1472127** |
| Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries | 49579 | 47754 |
| **Total equity** | **1537304** | **1519881** |
| **Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest, and equity** | $**1977871** | $**1935334** |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.Includes amounts due from related parties of $55,054 and $59,495 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Includes amounts due from related parties of $5,500 and $9,258 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Includes amounts due from related parties of $34,046 and $32,072 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.Includes amounts due to related parties of $18,986 and $17,173 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.Includes amounts due to related parties of $6,622 and $5,562 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.Includes amounts due to related parties of $5,360 and $3,506 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.Includes amounts due to related parties of $107 and $— as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.Includes amounts due to related parties of $6,734 and $9,519 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

**WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.**

**Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(unaudited)**

(in thousands of USD, except share and per share data)

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** |
| Revenue<sup>1</sup> | $378041 | $347915 | $1052019 | $995631 |
| Cost of revenue<sup>2</sup> | (295267) | (256534) | (810355) | (738834) |
| Marketing<sup>3</sup> | (35166) | (32719) | (97779) | (75645) |
| General and administrative expenses<sup>4</sup> | (62486) | (66747) | (194160) | (254145) |
| **Operating income (loss)** | **(14878)** | **(8085)** | **(50275)** | **(72993)** |
| Interest income | 4638 | 6512 | 14661 | 9790 |
| Interest expense | (2) |  | (6) | (44) |
| Income (loss) on equity method investments, net | 1709 | (138) | 1647 | (1070) |
| Other income (loss), net<sup>5</sup> | (1891) | 11798 | (588) | 12644 |
| **Income (loss) before income tax** | **(10424)** | **10087** | **(34561)** | **(51673)** |
| Income tax benefit (expense) | (626) | 9899 | (2341) | 1324 |
| **Net income (loss)** | $**(11050)** | $**19986** | $**(36902)** | $**(50349)** |
| Net income (loss) attributable to WEBTOON Entertainment Inc. | (11647) | 19753 | (38362) | (50940) |
| Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests and redeemable non-controlling interests | 597 | 233 | 1460 | 591 |
| **Other comprehensive income (loss):** |  |  |  |  |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax | (21116) | 39570 | 26576 | (9605) |
| Share of other comprehensive income (loss) of equity method investments, net of tax | 274 | (140) | 699 | (149) |
| **Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax** | **(20842)** | **39430** | **27275** | **(9754)** |
| **Total comprehensive income (loss)** | $**(31892)** | $**59416** | $**(9627)** | $**(60103)** |
| Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to WEBTOON Entertainment Inc. | (31792) | 59183 | (11989) | (60694) |
| Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests and redeemable non-controlling interests | (100) | 233 | 2362 | 591 |
| **Weighted average shares outstanding** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 130644101 | 128327971 | 130204411 | 116023733 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 130644101 | 130817876 | 130204411 | 116023733 |
| **Income (loss) per share attributable to WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $(0.09) | $0.15 | $(0.30) | $(0.44) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $(0.09) | $0.15 | $(0.30) | $(0.44) |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.Includes amounts earned from related parties of $17,029 and $21,744 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively, and $53,020 and $55,911 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Includes amounts incurred from related parties of $28,207 and $27,318 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively, and $84,737 and $67,780 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Includes amounts incurred from related parties of $(2,089) and $(1,920) for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively, and $(7,540) and $(4,861) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.Includes amounts incurred from related parties of $7,629 and $9,285 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively, and $21,565 and $23,666 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.Includes amounts earned from related parties of $433 and $456 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively, and $1,268 and $3,135 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively. (See Note 13. *Related Party Transactions*)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

**WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.**

**Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity**

**(unaudited)**

(in thousands of USD, except share and per share data)

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | **Additional <br>paid-in<br>capital** | **Accumulated<br>other<br>comprehensive<br>loss** | **Accumulated<br>deficit** | **Total stockholders' equity<br>attributable to<br>WEBTOON Entertainment<br>Inc.** | **Non-<br>controlling<br>interests in<br>consolidated<br>subsidiaries** | **Total equity** |
| | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional <br>paid-in<br>capital** | **Accumulated<br>other<br>comprehensive<br>loss** | **Accumulated<br>deficit** | **Total stockholders' equity<br>attributable to<br>WEBTOON Entertainment<br>Inc.** | **Non-<br>controlling<br>interests in<br>consolidated<br>subsidiaries** | **Total equity** |
| **Balance as of January 1, 2024** | **109505150** | $**11** | $**1667246** | $**(54824)** | $**(363292)** | $**1249141** | $**56906** | $**1306047** |
| Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | 6192 | 6192 | (56) | 6136 |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  | (28689) |  | (28689) |  | (28689) |
| Equity in income of equity method investees |  |  |  | (9) |  | (9) |  | (9) |
| Equity-based compensation and others |  |  | 1121 |  |  | 1121 | 472 | 1593 |
| Changes in scope of consolidation |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3861) | (3861) |
| **Balance as of March 31, 2024** | **109505150** | $**11** | $**1668367** | $**(83522)** | $**(357100)** | $**1227756** | $**53461** | $**1281217** |
| Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | (76885) | (76885) | 137 | (76748) |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  | (20486) |  | (20486) |  | (20486) |
| Equity-based compensation and others<sup>1</sup> |  |  | 53224 |  |  | 53224 | 225 | 53449 |
| Issuance of common stock through initial public offering | 15000000 | 2 | 281735 |  |  | 281737 |  | 281737 |
| Issuance of common stock through private placement | 2380952 |  | 50000 |  |  | 50000 |  | 50000 |
| **Balance as of June 30, 2024** | **126886102** | $**13** | $**2053326** | $**(104008)** | $**(433985)** | $**1515346** | $**53823** | $**1569169** |
| Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | 19753 | 19753 | 89 | 19842 |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  | 39570 |  | 39570 |  | 39570 |
| Equity in income of equity method investees |  |  |  | (140) |  | (140) |  | (140) |
| Equity-based compensation and others<sup>1</sup> | 55493 |  | 13609 |  |  | 13609 | 234 | 13843 |
| Issuance of common stock for exercise of over-allotment | 1371549 |  | 26576 |  |  | 26576 |  | 26576 |
| **Balance as of September 30, 2024** | **128313144** | $**13** | $**2093511** | $**(64578)** | $**(414232)** | $**1614714** | $**54146** | $**1668860** |
| **Balance as of January 1, 2025** | 128587944 | $**13** | $**2103931** | $**(124620)** | $**(507197)** | $**1472127** | $**47754** | $**1519881** |
| Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | (22389) | (22389) | 233 | (22156) |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  | 6533 |  | 6533 | 22 | 6555 |
| Equity in income of equity method investees |  |  |  | (143) |  | (143) |  | (143) |
| Equity-based compensation and others | 1584337 |  | 11419 |  |  | 11419 | 212 | 11631 |
| **Balance as of March 31, 2025** | **130172281** | $**13** | $**2115350** | $**(118230)** | $**(529586)** | $**1467547** | $**48221** | $**1515768** |
| Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | (4326) | (4326) | 245 | (4081) |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  | 39560 |  | 39560 | 865 | 40425 |
| Equity in income of equity method investees |  |  |  | 568 |  | 568 |  | 568 |
| Equity-based compensation and others | 420395 |  | 7376 |  |  | 7376 | 224 | 7600 |
| **Balance as of June 30, 2025** | **130592676** | $**13** | $**2122726** | $**(78102)** | $**(533912)** | $**1510725** | $**49555** | $**1560280** |
| Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | (11647) | (11647) | 331 | (11316) |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  |  |  | (20419) |  | (20419) | (386) | (20805) |
| Equity in income of equity method investees |  |  |  | 274 |  | 274 |  | 274 |
| Equity-based compensation and others | 135071 |  | 8792 |  |  | 8792 | 79 | 8871 |
| **Balance as of September 30, 2025** | **130727747** | $**13** | $**2131518** | $**(98247)** | $**(545559)** | $**1487725** | $**49579** | $**1537304** |

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a dividend of $17.3 million as a reduction in additional paid-in capital for stock options granted to NAVER's employees who did not provide services to the Company.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

**WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.**

**Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows**

**(unaudited)**

(in thousands of USD)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Nine Months Ended**  | **For the Nine Months Ended**  |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** |
| **Operating activities:** | | |
| Net income (loss) | $(36902) | $(50349) |
| **Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:** |  |  |
| Allowance for credit losses | 274 | 2482 |
| Depreciation and amortization | 24784 | 27953 |
| Operating lease expense | 7209 | 8013 |
| Loss (gain) on foreign currency, net | (2540) | (616) |
| Deferred tax expense (benefit) | (8697) | (23698) |
| Loss (gain) on debt and equity securities, net | 4016 | (5143) |
| Change in severance benefit, net | 1764 | (2415) |
| Loss (gain) on equity method investments, net | (1647) | 1069 |
| Contingent consideration liability |  | (3713) |
| Stock-based compensation | 35123 | 72114 |
| Gain on disposal of right-of-use assets |  | (1883) |
| Other non-cash items | (7) | 2751 |
| **Changes in operating assets and liabilities** |  |  |
| Changes in receivables | 995 | (25706) |
| Changes in other assets | 230 | (46334) |
| Changes in accounts payable | 2764 | 2109 |
| Changes in accrued expenses | (15388) | 30299 |
| Changes in contract liabilities | (1856) | 34348 |
| Changes in other liabilities | (2599) | 12256 |
| Changes in operating lease liabilities | (5507) | (7318) |
| Payment of severance benefits, net of cash transferred | 1878 | 320 |
| Other operating activities | (316) |  |
| **Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities** | $**3578** | $**26539** |
| **Investing activities:** |  |  |
| Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments | 32515 | 63205 |
| Proceeds from sale of debt and equity securities |  | 2975 |
| Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 253 | 124 |
| Purchases of property and equipment | (6984) | (1313) |
| Purchases of debt and equity securities | (6664) |  |
| Proceeds from sale of equity method investments |  | 5963 |
| Payment made for short-term investments | (17423) | (68369) |
| Payment made for loan receivable | (909) | (178) |
| Purchases of intangible assets | (7168) | (7678) |
| Purchases of equity method investments |  | (5792) |
| Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash | (148) |  |
| Disposal of businesses, net of cash disposed |  | (361) |
| Proceeds from loan receivable | 1379 | 192 |
| Other investing activities | 120 | 2 |
| **Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities** | $**(5029)** | $**(11230)** |

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Financing activities:** | | |
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions |  | 292950 |
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock related to private placement |  | 50000 |
| Proceeds from stock option exercise | 1264 | 574 |
| Proceeds from exercise of over-allotment, net of underwriting discounts and commissions |  | 26786 |
| Proceeds from short-term borrowings | 143 |  |
| Payments of initial public offering costs |  | (11154) |
| Repayments of short-term borrowings |  | (3639) |
| Payment of contingent consideration related to business acquisition |  | (1849) |
| **Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities** | $**1407** | $**353668** |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 12217 | (15206) |
| **Cash and cash equivalents:** |  |  |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 12173 | 353771 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year | 572402 | 231745 |
| **Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year** | $**584575** | $**585516** |
| **Supplemental disclosure:** |  |  |
| Income taxes paid | $18097 | $23683 |
| Interest paid | 1 | 85 |
| Increase in right-of-use assets recognized from new lease agreements | 13410 | 11910 |
| Reclassification of deferred offering costs to additional paid-in capital upon IPO |  | 11215 |
| Deferred offering costs not yet paid |  | 270 |
| Reclassification of debt and equity securities to equity method investments |  | 19422 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

**WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.**

**Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements**

**(unaudited)**

**Note 1.** *Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies*

***Organization and Description of Business***

WEBTOON Entertainment Inc. (the "Parent"), together with its subsidiaries, (the "Company," "we," "us" or "our"), is a majority-owned subsidiary of NAVER Corporation ("NAVER"), who is a leading online and web-comic platform service company. We provide hosting services for compact web-comics through both web and mobile applications and offer thousands of titles with episodes that are updated on a daily basis. We offer extensive and diverse genres of content, including fantasy, romance, and science fiction, on our platform. Platform refers to the various offerings through which we engage with users across diverse geographical markets including Korea, the United States, Japan, Southeast Asia, and Europe.

On March 27, 2024, the Company's board of directors approved a merger between Line Digital Frontier Corporation ("LDF") and eBOOK Initiative Japan Co., Ltd. ("eBIJ"), to integrate the Company's two wholly owned subsidiaries' business and operations, with LDF as the surviving company (the "LDF-eBIJ Merger"). The effective date of the LDF-eBIJ Merger was September 1, 2024, and eBIJ was dissolved through an absorption-type merger under the applicable corporate laws in Japan.

***Basis of Presentation***

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for fair statement of the results of the interim period. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.

***Reclassifications***

Certain amounts reported for prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

***Concentrations of Credit Risk***

Cash and cash equivalents, receivables and loan receivables are potentially subject to concentration of credit risk. Cash and cash equivalents are placed with several financial institutions that management believes are of high credit quality. The Company's receivables include amounts concentrated with three payment gateway companies representing 57.7% and 54.9% of the total receivables balance as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Three borrowers represent 89.1% and 89.0% of the total loan receivables balance as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

***Forward Stock Split, Change in Par Value***

On June 26, 2024, the Company filed an Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation which effectuated a 30-for-1 forward stock split of its common stock and adjusted the par value of its common stock from $0.01 to $0.0001 on such date. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts presented in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock split and change in par value for all periods presented.

***Phantom Units***

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company granted awards in the form of "Phantom Units," which provide recipients with the right to receive cash payments, less applicable withholding, equivalent to the fair market value of one share of the Company's common stock on the applicable vesting date, multiplied by the number of Phantom Units that vest. While these Phantom Units do not confer ownership rights, they are also entitled to dividends, if declared, equivalent in an amount in cash and form equal to the dividend that would have been paid on the shares underlying the Phantom Unit had such shares been outstanding on such record date. Any such dividend equivalents shall be subject to the same vesting conditions applicable to the underlying Phantom Unit with respect to which they accrue.

Phantom Units are recorded as an expense based on the fair value of the units on the balance sheet date. The fair value of these awards is updated at each balance sheet date and changes in the fair value of the vested portions of the

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

awards are recorded as increases or decreases to compensation expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. All of the outstanding Phantom Units at September 30, 2025, met the criteria to be treated under liability classification in accordance with ASC 718, given that these awards will settle in cash on the vesting date. See *Note* 8*. Stock-Based Compensation* for more information on the Company's Phantom Units.

***Recent Accounting Pronouncements Yet to Be Adopted***

In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2025-05, "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets," which provides an expedient for measuring expected credit losses on current trade receivables and contract assets by assuming that current conditions remain unchanged over the life of the asset, and for non-public business entities, an accounting policy election to consider subsequent cash collections. The amendments are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2025-06, "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software," which modernizes the accounting for software costs by removing all references to prescriptive and sequential software development stages (referred to as "project stages") throughout Subtopic 350-40. The amendments are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements.

**Note 2.** *Revenue*

***Disaggregation of Revenue***

The following table shows revenues disaggregated by revenue stream for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
|  | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** |
| | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** |
| Paid Content | $286814 | $285228 | $821953 | $812791 |
| Advertising | 39367 | 43384 | 124485 | 120800 |
| IP Adaptations | 51860 | 19303 | 105581 | 62040 |
| **Total** | $**378041** | $**347915** | $**1052019** | $**995631** |

---

The revenue stream disaggregation above takes into consideration how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Paid content revenue is generated from the provision of platform services that enable users to access content. Paid content revenue also includes $2.8 million and $2.8 million of physical book sales through the platform for three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $8.3 million and $8.0 million of physical book sales through the platform for nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Advertising revenue represents amounts earned for the display of advertisements on our offerings or product placement within content.

IP Adaptations include the internal development of film, streaming series, or other rich media format adaptations commissioned by third party studios or streaming platforms. The license fees generated from sub-licensing content to third parties were $3.8 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and $9.9 million and $10.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. We also had $1.8 million and $1.8 million of merchandise sales generated through external platforms, IP royalties, and pop-up stores for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively and $3.8 million and $10.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

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The following table shows disaggregation of revenue by geography for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** |
| | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** |
| Korea | $152827 | $127761 | $396314 | $372628 |
| Japan | 179624 | 174213 | 521763 | 484861 |
| Rest of World | 45590 | 45941 | 133942 | 138142 |
| **Total** | $**378041** | $**347915** | $**1052019** | $**995631** |

---

***Contract Liabilities***

Contract liabilities primarily include payments received for virtual currency prior to the Company satisfying its performance obligation to deliver content to the customer.

We recognized revenues of $77.0 million and $72.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and $80.1 million and $70.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, that were included within Contract liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the beginning of the respective period.

Our remaining performance obligations were $88.2 million and $85.9 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and we expect to recognize the entire amounts within one year of the respective dates.

**Note 3.** *Earnings (loss) per share*

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock during the period, including vested restricted stock units ("RSUs"). Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of outstanding shares of common stock and, potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Potentially dilutive common shares consist of incremental shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of unvested RSUs. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company's Korean subsidiaries and equity method investees each had outstanding stock options that will be settled in each respective subsidiary or equity method investee's common shares. The numerator of the Company's earnings (loss) per share include the Parent's proportionate share of the diluted earnings or loss per share impact of outstanding subsidiaries and equity method investees' stock options.

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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share, as adjusted on a retrospective basis to reflect the Stock Split as discussed in Note 1. *Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies*, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively (in thousands of USD, except share and per share amounts):

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** |
| **Basic earnings (loss) per share:** | | | | |
| Net income (loss) attributable to WEBTOON Entertainment Inc. | $(11647) | $19753 | $(38362) | $(50940) |
| Add: allocation to subsidiary / equity method investee participating security<sup>1</sup> | (40) |  | (165) | 123 |
| Net income (loss) available to WEBTOON Entertainment Inc. | $(11687) | $19753 | $(38527) | $(50817) |
| Shares used in computation: |  |  |  |  |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 130644101 | 128327971 | 130204411 | 116023733 |
| **Basic earnings (loss) per share:** | $**(0.09)** | $**0.15** | $**(0.30)** | $**(0.44)** |
| **Diluted earnings (loss) per share:** |  |  |  |  |
| Net income (loss) attributable to WEBTOON Entertainment Inc. | $(11687) | $19753 | $(38527) | $(50817) |
| Add: dilutive impact of subsidiary / equity method investee stock options | (3) | (2) | (8) | (6) |
| Diluted net income (loss) available to WEBTOON Entertainment Inc. | $(11690) | $19751 | $(38535) | $(50823) |
| Shares used in computation: |  |  |  |  |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 130644101 | 128327971 | 130204411 | 116023733 |
| Dilutive effect of stock options and unvested RSUs |  | 2489905 |  |  |
| Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding | 130644101 | 130817876 | 130204411 | 116023733 |
| **Diluted earnings (loss) per share** | $**(0.09)** | $**0.15** | $**(0.30)** | $**(0.44)** |

---

___________________________________________________________________________

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.Represents net income (loss) allocable to Jakga Company Inc. ("Jakga") redeemable convertible preferred stock which is a participating security per ASC 260. Jakga became an equity method investee from a subsidiary when it was deconsolidated on March 28, 2024 (Refer to Note 14. *Disposition* for additional information for Jakga disposition).

The following potentially dilutive outstanding securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net earnings (loss) per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented, or issuance of such shares is contingent upon the satisfaction of certain conditions which were not satisfied by the end of the period:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** |
| Stock options | 10605958 | 2755529 | 10605958 | 10987180 |
| Unvested RSUs | 3369705 | 1620028 | 3369705 | 2539868 |
| Subsidiary / equity method investee stock options | 332017 | 332597 | 332017 | 332597 |
| **Total** | **14307680** | **4708154** | **14307680** | **13859645** |

---

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

**Note** 4**.** *Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets, net*

***Other Current Assets, net***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As of** | **As of** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** |
| Advance payments, net | $40120 | $47545 |
| Term deposits | 12461 | 26328 |
| Prepaid expenses | 17612 | 14008 |
| Other current assets, net | 10153 | 6902 |
| **Total other current assets, net** | $**80346** | $**94783** |

---

Advance payments are primarily comprised of the advance payments for production of film contents and the payment of minimum guarantees to creators or publishers for their provision of content, such as web-comics, on the Company's platform.

The advance payments for production of film contents are directly related to the contract that will be used to satisfy a future performance obligation and are expected to be recovered. These costs are amortized on a systematic basis consistent with the transfer of services to the customer to which the asset relates. The Company's balance of advance payments due to film production contracts were $30.1 million and $35.1 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The advance payments for minimum guarantee are amortized as associated commission expenses payable to creators or publishers are incurred. When the Company determines the estimated future commission expenses payable are less than the carrying amount of such advance payments, the remaining portion of that advance payment is charged to expense in the period in which such determination is made. The Company charged advance payments to expense due to such determination in the amounts of $0.5 million and $0.2 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $8.9 million and $8.0 million of the term deposit balance was pledged to Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation as a compensating balance deposit on contract liabilities of the Company's subsidiary in accordance with the *Payment Services Act* in Japan, respectively.

***Other Non-Current Assets, net***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As of** | **As of** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** |
| Advance payments, net | $31965 | $29222 |
| Long-term loans, net | 31838 | 31859 |
| Other non-current assets, net | 9490 | 4825 |
| **Total other non-current assets, net** | $**73293** | $**65906** |

---

Long-term advance payments represent the portion of advance payments expected to remain on the balance sheet beyond one year. When the Company determines the estimated future commission expenses payable are less than the carrying amount of the long-term advance payments, the remaining portion of that long-term advance payment is charged to expense in the period in which such determination is made. The Company's balance of advance payments due to film production contracts were $10.2 million and $8.5 million, and charged long-term advance payments to expense due to such determination in the amounts of $7.3 million and $6.9 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

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**Note 5**. *Property and Equipment, net*

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As of** | **As of** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** |
| Equipment | $16693 | $10457 |
| Others | 969 | 1012 |
| Property and equipment | $17662 | $11469 |
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (9011) | (7687) |
| **Property and equipment, net** | $**8651** | $**3782** |

---

**Note 6.** *Leases*

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information related to operating leases is as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** |
| | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $5507 | $7318 |
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $13410 | $11910 |

---

In March 2025, Line Digital Frontier entered into two lease agreements for office space. The leases commenced in March 2025, and expire in February 2030, with monthly payments of $0.1 million each, at a discount rate of 2.9%. Upon commencement, each of the two leases was recognized as a right-of-use asset in the amounts of $6.0 million and $6.0 million, respectively.

The Company subleases a portion of the operating lease right-of-use assets for buildings. Total other income generated from subleases was $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and is included within Other income (loss), net of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

**Note** 7**.** *Commitments and Contingencies*

***Contingencies***

The Company records a loss contingency, consistent with ASC 450, when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company also discloses material contingencies when it believes a loss is not probable but reasonably possible. Accounting for contingencies requires us to use judgment related to both the likelihood of a loss and the estimate of the amount or range of loss.

***Legal Proceedings***

The Company is involved in a number of claims pending with various courts, or otherwise unresolved as of September 30, 2025. Adverse results in these claims may include awards of damages and may also result in, or even compel a change in the Company's business practices, which could materially impact the Company's future financial results. The Company cannot determine the potential loss or a range of possible losses for cases in their initial stages or where there is an unclear and inconsistent interpretation of laws related to the industry-specific grievances across various jurisdictions. The outcome of pending lawsuits and claims cannot be anticipated with certainty and the timing and outcome of ongoing legal proceedings are uncertain by nature. Therefore, the resolution of one or more of these legal matters against the Company during the same reporting period in excess of management's projections could negatively impact the Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for that reporting period.

***Securities Litigation***

On September 5, 2024, a purported stockholder filed a putative class action lawsuit against the Company, its directors, and the underwriters of the Company's initial public offering completed on June 28, 2024 (the "IPO") in the federal court for the Central District of California, purportedly on behalf of all purchasers of shares of the Company's

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common stock pursuant or traceable to the IPO Prospectus and the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-279863) relating to our IPO (the "Registration Statement"). The complaint alleges that the Registration Statement was materially false and misleading in violation of Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933. On October 10, 2024, the court ordered that the defendants are not required to answer or otherwise respond to the complaint, deferring any response until after the court rules on any motion by a purported class member to serve as lead plaintiff. On December 12, 2024, the court appointed a lead plaintiff and lead counsel. On February 3, 2025, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint, and on March 4, 2025, the Company, its directors, and the underwriters of the IPO moved to dismiss the amended complaint. On March 11, 2025, the lead plaintiff filed an opposition to this motion to dismiss, and on March 18, 2025, the Company, its directors, and the underwriters filed a reply in support of the motion to dismiss. The Company intends to defend this case vigorously. At this early stage of the proceedings, the Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the litigation nor estimate any range of possible losses.

On November 15, 2024, a purported stockholder filed a shareholder derivative lawsuit against the Company's directors, naming the Company as a nominal defendant, in the federal court for the Central District of California. The complaint focuses on the same allegations as the putative securities class action described above, including that the Company's Registration Statement was materially false or misleading. The complaint includes claims for violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duties, and unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and contribution under Section 11(f) of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 31D of the Exchange Act of 1934. On January 13, 2025, by stipulation of the parties, the court ordered the shareholder derivative lawsuit stayed pending resolution of the Company's motion to dismiss in the putative securities class action. At this early stage of the proceedings, the Company can neither predict the ultimate outcome of the litigation nor estimate any range of possible losses.

**Note 8.** *Stock-Based Compensation*

***Restricted Stock Units***

The table below summarizes the Company's RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Number of RSUs** | **Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value** |
| Balance as of January 1, 2025 | 2635775 | $22.00 |
| Granted | 3225189 | 9.05 |
| Forfeited | (157654) | 10.95 |
| Vested | (2333605) | 16.79 |
| **Balance as of September 30, 2025** | **3369705** | $**13.71** |

---

As of September 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was $31.9 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average service period of 1.5 years using the straight-line method and graded-vesting methods, as appropriate, net of estimated forfeitures.

The following table presents the effects of all stock-based compensation in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** |
| | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** |
| Cost of revenue | $2134 | $2492 | $8108 | $8109 |
| Marketing | 330 | 357 | 1355 | 1112 |
| General and administrative expenses | 7161 | 11609 | 25660 | 62893 |
| **Total** | $**9625** | $**14458** | $**35123** | $**72114** |

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

The following table summarizes the Company's Phantom Unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Number of Phantom Units** | **Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value** |
| Balance as of January 1, 2025 |  | $— |
| Granted | 557180 | 9.04 |
| Forfeited | (7728) | 9.04 |
| Vested | (207033) | 9.04 |
| **Balance as of September 30, 2025** | **342419** | $**9.04** |

---

As of September 30, 2025, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to the Phantom Units of $4.3 million. Compensation expense for the Phantom Units is based on the fair value of the units as of the balance sheet date, as further discussed in Note 1. *Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies*, and such costs are recognized ratably over the service period of the awards. As the fair value of liability awards is required to be re-measured each period end, stock compensation expense amounts recognized in future periods for these awards will vary. The estimated future cash payments of these awards are presented within accrued expenses on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested Phantom Units is $4.3 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average service period of 1.2 years using the straight-line method, net of estimated forfeitures.

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**Note 9.** *Income Taxes*

The Company is subject to U.S. federal and various state corporate income taxes as well as taxes in foreign jurisdictions where foreign subsidiaries have been established.

The Company recorded an income tax expense/(benefit) of $0.6 million and $(9.9) million in the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and $2.3 million and $(1.3) million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The effective tax rate was (6.0)% and (6.8)% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized a net discrete tax expense of $1.1 million, primarily due to return-to-provision true up adjustments in Korea and Japan tax return filings. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized a net discrete tax (benefit) of $(12.1) million primarily due to the change in valuation allowance upon completion of the LDF-eBIJ merger.

The Company's income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, is determined using an estimate of the Company's annual effective tax rate, adjusted for any discrete items reflected in the relevant period. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 was (6.8)% and 2.6%, respectively. The change in effective tax rate is primarily driven by the change in jurisdictional profits and losses. The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax computed by applying the U.S. statutory federal tax rate of 21% to the loss before income taxes primarily attributable to state income taxes, foreign income taxes including foreign withholding taxes, and non-recognition deferred tax assets as the Company established a full valuation allowance against U.S. deferred tax assets and deferred tax assets for the majority of its subsidiaries that generated taxable losses.

On July 4, 2025, the United States enacted tax reform legislation through the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"), which contains several changes to key U.S. federal income tax laws, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatments for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with some provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company has reviewed the provisions of the OBBBA to determine the potential impact on the Company's financial statements. Based on this review, the Company does not expect the OBBBA to have a material impact on its income taxes, including current and deferred tax balances and the effective tax rate. As of September 30, 2025, the Company is still in the process of evaluating the full impact of the OBBBA, and any material changes to the Company's assessment will be disclosed in future filings as required.

**Note** 10**.** *Retirement Benefits*

***Defined severance benefits***

The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit costs (income):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended**  | **Nine Months Ended**  |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** |
| | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** |
| Current service costs | $1248 | $1337 | $3669 | $4021 |
| Interest expense | 281 | 323 | 826 | 979 |
| Actuarial gain | (930) | (2449) | (2731) | (7419) |
| **Net periodic benefit costs (income)** | $**599** | $**(789)** | $**1764** | $**(2419)** |

---

***Defined severance contribution***

Defined severance expense was $0.5 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $1.5 million and $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

**Note 11.** *Segment and Geographic Information*

***Segment Information***

The Company operates as one reportable segment, which derives its revenue from paid content, advertising, and IP adaptations revenue streams. Our chief operating decision maker ("CODM") is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM

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reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The CODM manages the Company as a consolidated ecosystem because the revenue streams are interrelated, and resources are shared.

The CODM uses net income (loss) as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss to assess performance and allocate resources such as employees and capital expenditures. Additionally, the net income (loss) is used to monitor trends in year-over-year or quarter-over-quarter performance comparisons and to compare actual results to forecasts.

The CODM receives and reviews expenses included in segment operating performance regularly. However, the CODM reviews general and administrative expenses on a more disaggregated basis to ensure the resources are in line with its business and operating needs.

The measure of segment revenue and assets are reported on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as total sales and the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as total assets, respectively.

All intercompany and intra-entity transactions and balances have been eliminated.

The following table presents reportable segment profit and loss, including significant expense categories, attributable to the Company's reportable segment for the periods presented:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **September 30,<br>2024** | **September 30,<br>2025** | **September 30,<br>2024** |
|  | *(in thousands of USD)* | *(in thousands of USD)* | *(in thousands of USD)* | *(in thousands of USD)* |
| Revenue | $378041 | $347915 | $1052019 | $995631 |
| Cost of revenue | 295267 | 256534 | 810355 | 738834 |
| Marketing | 35166 | 32719 | 97779 | 75645 |
| General and administrative expenses - labor related | 17865 | 15257 | 66807 | 88252 |
| General and administrative expenses - non-labor related | 44621 | 51490 | 127353 | 165893 |
| Interest income | (4638) | (6512) | (14661) | (9790) |
| Interest expense | 2 |  | 6 | 44 |
| Loss (income) on equity method investment, net | (1709) | 138 | (1647) | 1070 |
| Other loss (income), net | 1891 | (11798) | 588 | (12644) |
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 626 | (9899) | 2341 | (1324) |
| **Net Income (Loss)** | $(11050) | $19986 | $(36902) | $(50349) |
| *The following non-cash expense items are also included in the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the CODM:* | *The following non-cash expense items are also included in the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the CODM:* | *The following non-cash expense items are also included in the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the CODM:* |  |  |
| *Stock-based compensation* | $7915 | $13177 | $30842 | $68305 |
| *Depreciation and amortization* | $7940 | $10003 | $24784 | $27953 |

---

***Geographic Information***

Refer to Note 2. *Revenue* for revenues by location. The Company's long-lived tangible assets as well as the Company's operating lease right-of-use assets recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, were located as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As of** | **As of** |
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
|  | *(in thousands of USD)* | *(in thousands of USD)* |
| Korea | $15842 | $17465 |
| Japan | 17090 | 182 |
| Rest of World | 1663 | 2784 |
| **Total long-lived tangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets** | $**34595** | $**20431** |

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**Note** 12**.** *Fair Value Measurements*

A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The table below presents the valuation techniques and the nature of significant inputs generally used in determining the fair value of Level 3 Instruments.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Level 3 Instruments** | **Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs** |
| **Debt and Equity Securities** | |
| **Debt and Equity Securities** | Recent third-party investments or pending transactions are<br>considered to be the best evidence for any change in fair value.<br>When these are not available, the following valuation methodologies<br>are used, as appropriate and available (i) Transactions in similar instruments;<br>(ii) discounted cash flow techniques; (iii) third party appraisals; (iv) binomial<br>option pricing models; and (v) industry multiples and public comparables. |
| **Debt and Equity Securities** |  |
| **Debt and Equity Securities** | Evidence of value in investees includes recent or pending<br>reorganizations (for example, merger proposals, tender offers and debt<br>restructurings) and significant changes in financial metrics, including<br>(i) current financial performance as compared to projected performance;<br>(ii) capitalization rates and multiples; and (iii) market yields implied by<br>transactions of similar or related assets. |

---

The tables below present the ranges of significant unobservable inputs used to value the Company's Level 3 assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. These ranges do not represent a range of values for any single instrument. For example, the lowest discount rate for a particular redeemable convertible preferred stock investment may be appropriate for valuing that specific debt security but may not be appropriate for valuing any other debt securities in this asset class. Accordingly, the ranges of inputs presented below do not represent uncertainty in, or possible ranges of, fair value measurements of the Company's Level 3 assets.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Level 3 Instruments** | **Amount** | **Valuation Techniques** | **Significant <br>Unobservable Inputs** | **Range of<br>Significant<br>Unobservable Inputs** |
| ***As of September 30, 2025*** | | | | |
| **Debt Securities** | | | | |
| Redeemable convertible preferred stock | $52247 | Option pricing model | Discount rate | 8.25%-28.11% |
|  |  |  | Volatility | 45.45%-66.30% |
| **Total** | $**52247** |  |  |  |
| **Equity Securities** |  |  |  |  |
| Redeemable convertible preferred stock | $15000 | Measurement alternative |  |  |
| Contribution to investment fund | 514 | Measurement alternative |  |  |
| Private equity securities | 752 | Measurement alternative |  |  |
| Convertible preferred stock | 6000 | Option pricing model | Discount rate | 2.77%-16.71% |
|  |  |  | Volatility | 44.96%-50.40% |
| Simple Agreement For Future Equity (SAFE) | 1000 | Measurement alternative |  |  |
| **Total** | $**23266** |  |  |  |

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---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| ***As of December 31, 2024*** | | | | |
| **Debt Securities** | | | | |
| Redeemable convertible preferred stock | $48142 | Option pricing model | Discount rate | 9.01%-21.94% |
|  |  |  | Volatility | 41.6%-66.30% |
| **Total** | $**48142** |  |  |  |
| **Equity Securities** |  |  |  |  |
| Redeemable convertible preferred stock | $15000 | Measurement alternative |  |  |
| Contribution to investment fund | 506 | Measurement alternative |  |  |
| Private equity securities | 51 | Measurement alternative |  |  |
| Convertible preferred stock | 5477 | Option pricing model | Discount rate | 3.00%-16.71% |
|  |  |  | Volatility | 44.96%-50.60% |
| Simple Agreement For Future Equity (SAFE) | 1000 | Measurement alternative |  |  |
| **Total** | $**22034** |  |  |  |

---

As noted above, either the binomial optional pricing model or market approach were used in the determination of fair value of *Level 3* assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The significant unobservable inputs used in the binomial option pricing model are the discount rate or market yield used to discount the estimated future cash flows expected to be received from the underlying investment, which include both future principal and interest payments. An increase in the discount rate or market yield would result in a decrease in the fair value. Included in the consideration and selection of discount rates or market yields is risk of default, rating of the investment, call provisions and comparable company investments. The significant unobservable inputs used in the market approach are based on market comparable transactions and market multiples of publicly traded comparable companies. Increases or decreases in market comparable transactions or market multiples would result in an increase or decrease in the fair value.

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The below tables present a summary of changes in fair value of Level 1 and Level 3 assets, included within Debt and equity securities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, by investment type (in thousands of USD):

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** |
| | **Level 1** | **Level 3** | **Level 3** | **Total** |
| | **Equity<br>Securities** | **Equity<br>Securities** | **Debt<br>Securities** | **Debt &<br>Equity<br>Securities** |
| **Beginning balance, January 1** | $**3** | $**22034** | $**48142** | $**70179** |
| Purchases | - | - | 3790 | 3790 |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) | - | 225 | (1169) | (944) |
| Currency translation differences | - | 12 | 87 | 99 |
| **Ending balance, March 31** | $**3** | $**22271** | $**50850** | $**73124** |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) | - | (6) | (1440) | (1446) |
| Currency translation differences | - | 509 | 4078 | 4587 |
| **Ending balance, June 30** | **3** | **22774** | **53488** | **76265** |
| Purchases |  | 708 | 2166 | 2874 |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) | (2) | 15 | (1654) | (1641) |
| Currency translation differences |  | (231) | (1753) | (1984) |
| **Ending balance September 30,** | $**1** | $**23266** | $**52247** | $**75514** |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024** |
| | **Level 1** | **Level 3** | **Level 3** | **Total** |
| | **Equity<br>Securities** | **Equity<br>Securities** | **Debt<br>Securities** | **Debt &<br>Equity<br>Securities** |
| **Beginning balance, January 1** | $**16109** | $**26847** | $**48277** | $**91233** |
| Business disposition | - | (776) | 6522 | 5746 |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) | 3352 | 19 | - | 3371 |
| Sales and settlement | - | (4) | - | (4) |
| Reclassification | (18701) | - | - | (18701) |
| Currency translation differences | (757) | (398) | (2148) | (3303) |
| **Ending balance, March 31** | $**3** | $**25688** | $**52651** | $**78342** |
| Net unrealized gain (loss) | - | 1852 | - | 1852 |
| Sales and settlement | - | (2709) | (19) | (2728) |
| Currency translation differences | - | (535) | (1607) | (2142) |
| **Ending balance, June 30** | **3** | **24296** | **51025** | **75324** |
| Currency translation differences |  | 491 | 2692 | 3183 |
| **Ending balance, September 30** | $**3** | $**24787** | $**53717** | $**78507** |

---

The Level 1 equity securities relate to investments in public equity securities that have readily determinable fair values.

The Level 3 equity securities relate to the Company's investments in privately held companies through the purchase of convertible preferred stock, private equity securities, contribution to investment fund and redeemable convertible preferred stock. For these equity securities, the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence on the investee, and therefore accounts for them as equity securities under ASC Topic 321, *Investments in Equity Securities*.

The Level 3 debt securities relate to the Company's investments in privately held companies through the purchase of redeemable convertible preferred stock that meet the definition of a debt security.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not recognize any realized gain or loss on its Level 3 equity or debt securities.

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 **Note 13.** *Related Party Transactions*

***The Company's Related Parties***

NAVER and LY Corporation ("LY," formerly named Z Holdings Corporation) are the primary shareholders of the Parent. Related parties include NAVER's controlled affiliates, Company's management, Company directors, and stakeholders that hold significant influence over the Company. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company provided advertising services to NAVER group companies and LY giving rise to related party receivables as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, the Company received brand-usage and outsourcing services from NAVER and LY, which resulted in the Company recognizing related party payables as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

In addition to the transactions mentioned above, the Company has a history of renting facilities from its parent, NAVER. Related party operating lease expenses were $1.3 million and $1.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and $2.9 million and $4.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, with related lease obligations of $12.1 million and $13.0 million as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively (Refer to Note 6. *Leases* for additional information).

The Company also subleases part of its office space to other related parties and the total other income generated from subleases was $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

***Related Party Transactions and Balances***

The Company entered into the following significant related party transactions during the periods presented:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** | **Nine Months Ended** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** | **September 30, 2025** | **September 30, 2024** |
| | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** |
| Revenue generated | $17029 | $21744 | $53020 | $55911 |
| Cost of revenue incurred | 28207 | 27318 | 84737 | 67780 |
| Marketing expenses incurred (cost reimbursed) | (2089) | (1920) | (7540) | (4861) |
| General and administrative expenses incurred | 7629 | 9285 | 21565 | 23666 |
| Other income, net | 433 | 456 | 1268 | 3135 |

---

\*all expenses are net amounts including reimbursement from its related parties

The Company had the following significant balances due from and due to related parties as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As of** | **As of** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| **Due from related parties** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** | ***(in thousands of USD)*** |
| Receivables | $55054 | $59495 |
| Other current assets | 5500 | 9258 |
| Other non-current assets | 4699 | 3569 |
| Loan receivables | 29347 | 28503 |
| **Due to related parties** |  |  |
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 5360 | 3506 |
| Operating lease liabilities | 6734 | 9519 |
| Accounts payable | 18986 | 17173 |
| Accrued expenses | 6622 | 5562 |
| Contract liabilities | 107 |  |
| Other | 2 | 3 |

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**Note 14.** *Disposition*

***Jakga***

On March 28, 2024, the Company entered into a stock transfer agreement with a third party (the "Buyer"), pursuant to which the Buyer agreed to acquire 0.3% of Jakga voting interests from the Company. The Company completed the sale for consideration of $0.1 million in cash. On the same day, Jakga entered into a share investment agreement with another third party, pursuant to which Jakga issued new shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock representing 3.5% of the voting equity interest of Jakga. Following the completion of the stock transfer agreement and the share investment agreement, the Company entered into a shareholder's agreement to forgo its ability to appoint a member on Jakga's board of directors to divest Jakga. The stock transfer agreement, share investment agreement, and shareholder's agreement (collectively, the "Jakga Transactions") resulted in a dilution of the Company's ownership to 49.2% and losing controlling financial interest in Jakga. The Company deconsolidated Jakga on March 28, 2024 and accounted for the retained common stock as an equity method investment and the retained redeemable convertible preferred stock as a debt security (see additional details related to the redeemable preferred stock in Note 12. *Fair Value Measurements*). Jakga became a related party of the Company after the deconsolidation. As of the disposition date, the retained common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock in Jakga were measured at fair value using a discounted cash flow model applying a discount rate of 15.1% and a terminal growth rate of 1.0% incorporating historical financial information, business plans of Jakga, and market outlook information. The Company recorded a $2.5 million loss on disposition of Jakga in Other income (loss), net in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The loss includes the accounting for assets sold, liabilities transferred upon sale and the loss of $2.1 million relating to the remeasurement of the retained interest in Jakga.

The Company has accounted for the transaction as follows (in thousands of USD):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Cash consideration received | $149 |
| Fair value of retained common stock of Jakga by the Company | 3075 |
| Fair value of retained redeemable convertible preferred stock of Jakga by the Company | 6432 |
| Carrying value of non-controlling interest in Jakga held by other than the Company | 3861 |
| Carrying amount of net assets of Jakga including goodwill, identified intangibles and deferred tax liabilities | (15998) |
| **Loss on disposal of Jakga** | $**(2481)** |

---

**Note 15.** *Equity Method Investments*

The Company accounts for investments using the equity method when the Company can exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, but does not hold a controlling interest in the investee.

Due to the Jakga Transactions entered by the Company on March 28, 2024, the Company's voting equity interest in Jakga reduced to 49.2%, and the Company no longer held a controlling financial interest. The Company deconsolidated Jakga and recognized the retained common stock of Jakga as an equity method investment (see additional details in Note 14. *Disposition*).

In March 2024, the Company began to exercise significant influence over CELSYS, Inc. ("CELSYS") due to its appointment of a director to CELSYS's board of directors. Accordingly, it reclassified its $18.3 million investment in shares of common stock of CELSYS from equity securities to an equity method investment.

In March 2024, the Company acquired 33,593 shares of common stock of Namooactors Entertainment ("Namooactors"), which represents 20.0% voting interest, for $4.6 million in cash. The Company accounted for the investment in Namooactors using the equity method.

In March 2024, the Company invested in STUDIO WHITE Limited Liability Partnership ("STUDIO WHITE"), which represents 40.0% partnership interest, for $0.8 million in cash. The Company accounted for the investment in STUDIO WHITE using the equity method.

In May 2024, the Company sold 15,000 shares of common stock of Studio Dragon Japan CO., LTD. ("SDJ"), which represents the Company's entire voting interest in SDJ, for $5.7 million in cash. As a result of the sale, the Company no longer retained any interest nor had the ability to exercise significant influence over SDJ.

In June 2025, the Company acquired an additional 300 shares of common stock of Purple Duck Co., which represented 23.1% of remaining equity interest, for $0.3 million in cash. This increased the Company's ownership to 100%. The Company began consolidating the financial statements from the date of acquisition. The Company initially

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acquired a majority stake during the six months ended June 30, 2024; however, continued to apply the equity method due to contractual limitations on significant influence. The Company's previously held equity interest was remeasured to its fair value as of the acquisition date, and the resulting gain was recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

**Note 16.** *Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Subsidiary*

The following table summarizes the activity related to the redeemable non-controlling interest in the subsidiary for the periods indicated below (in thousands of USD):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Balance as of January 1** | $36580 | $41429 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | 204 | 96 |
| **Balance as of March 31** | $**36784** | $**41525** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | 893 | 181 |
| **Balance as of June 30** | $**37677** | $**41706** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest | (45) | 143 |
| **Balance as of September 30** | $**37632** | $**41849** |

---

**Note 17.** *Non-Controlling Interest in Subsidiaries*

The Company has non-controlling interests in several of its subsidiaries. The balances of non-controlling interest as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are as follows (in thousands of USD):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As of** | **As of** |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Munpia<sup>1</sup> | $48442 | $46593 |
| Bootcamp<sup>2</sup> | 1137 | 1161 |
| **Total** | $**49579** | $**47754** |

---

___________________________________________________________________________

1. The Munpia non-controlling interest balance excludes redeemable non-controlling interest (See Note 16. *Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest in Subsidiary* for detail).

2. The portion of net assets in Bootcamp attributable to the LP represents a non-controlling interest.

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**Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.**

*This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation should be read in conjunction with our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes to those statements included in this Report and our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes and the discussion under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in the Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under the sections entitled "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in this Report.* 

**Overview**

WEBTOON is a global storytelling platform where a vibrant community of creators and users discover, create and share new content. We have pioneered a cultural movement by revolutionizing the storytelling format and democratizing content creation and publication. WEBTOON empowers creators, by enabling them to participate economically in their own creation, and users, by offering an endless library of content.

**Content** on our platform tells stories, across formats. On our platform, creators tell long-form stories through serialized narratives in the form of short-form, bite-sized episodes, creating a habitual behavior with an engaged user base. These stories are primarily told in two ways—web-comics, a graphical comic-like medium, and web-novels, which are text-based stories. The web-comic medium tells stories using a continuous vertical-scroll format that is easily read on mobile devices. We are able to extend the reach, impact and monetization of our content by adapting it into other media formats such as film, streaming series, games, merchandise and print books.

**Creators** power our content engine by authoring immersive visual stories, developing imaginative new characters and inspiring fandoms. Our creator base ranges from the individual enthusiast with a love of storytelling to the professional author building a brand and an enterprise on our platform. WEBTOON provides creators with an opportunity to monetize their creativity through various means, including Paid Content, advertising and IP Adaptations.

**Users** come to our platform to discover and consume engaging and immersive content. Our creators tell stories that are relatable to global audiences, attracting users across age groups, geographies and genders. Our primary user base is Gen Z and millennials. WEBTOON helps fans discover engaging content across genres, with fresh, weekly releases.

**Community** reinforces the benefits to creators and users on our platform. We help users and creators build relationships and engage with one another over content. As users, or "fans," often develop a personal connection to the titles on our platform, they relish the direct engagement with creators through both our comments section at the end of each episode and the "Creator Profile" section, where creators can post messages and users can respond directly. Fans also appreciate the ability to potentially influence how stories unfold and how their favorite characters evolve, as creators may choose to incorporate fans' feedback. This enables a positive feedback loop for content creation and user engagement. This community engagement powers a flywheel of user engagement and creator readership, which in turn drives WEBTOON's success.

Our platform continuously empowers and incentivizes creators to drive creation of unique long-form stories. These stories are enjoyed on our platform by a growing base of loyal fans and importantly, enable us to expand the audience base off-platform over time. This continuous cycle results in successful and durable franchises within our ever-growing content library, empowering us with a multitude of monetization opportunities through IP Adaptations.

**Key Business Metrics**

We believe our performance is dependent upon many factors, including the key metrics described below that we track and review to measure our performance, identify trends, formulate financial projections, and make strategic decisions.

Our offerings include WEBTOON, LINE MANGA, NAVER SERIES, eBookJapan, Munpia and Wattpad. We manage our business by tracking several operating metrics, including: monthly active users, or MAU; monthly paying users, or MPU; and Paid Content Average Revenue per Paying User, or ARPPU. For a definition of these operating metrics, please see the "Glossary." As a management team, we believe each of these operating metrics provides useful information to investors and others.

Our year-over-year activity and quarter-over-quarter growth trends may fluctuate subject to various internal and external factors including (i) seasonality of our business where we see increased activity during holiday season, (ii) magnitude of our marketing campaigns, (iii) hiatus/return of creators and key titles on our platforms, (iv) TV shows, films, and/or gaming release based on our content as part of our IP Adaptation business, (v) our strategic decision to direct traffic

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to our mobile application may lead to fluctuations in trends as web users who view in both mediums may choose to continue to consume on our mobile application only and (vi) external factors impacting the global economy, our industry and our company.

***Geographic Tracking***

We review each metric by geography where our products are available and accessible. We categorize geographies into Korea, Japan, and Rest of World ("ROW") based on the location of our users:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Korea** includes WEBTOON Korea, NAVER SERIES, and Munpia where our content is in Korean and targeted at Korean speaking users.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Japan** includes LINE MANGA and eBookJapan where our content is in Japanese and targeted at Japanese speaking users.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Rest of World** includes WEBTOON in all other languages including English, Spanish, and more, as well as Wattpad, where our content is targeted at global users outside of Korea and Japan.

In particular, as a proxy for tracking our performance in North America, which we consider to be a key market, amongst Rest of World, we track users who consume WEBTOON offered in English in the U.S. and Canada based on such user's Internet Protocol (IP) addresses (collectively "WEBTOON North America"). For clarity, the following cases are not counted as part of WEBTOON North America but counted as part of Rest of World: (i) where users consume non-English (e.g., Spanish) WEBTOON content while they are physically based in North America and (ii) where users consume non-WEBTOON products (e.g., Wattpad) while they are physically based in North America.

Our methodology of geographic tracking may include an immaterial number of users not geographically located within the above segmentation. For instance, where users consume WEBTOON Korea content while they are physically based outside of Korea, the users will be counted as part of Korea. While we believe that these metrics are reasonable estimates of our user base for the applicable period of measurement, and that the methodologies we employ and update from time-to-time to create these metrics are reasonable bases to identify trends in user behavior, the preparation of each of such metrics involves the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions, and our metrics may be materially affected if such estimates, judgments or good faith assumptions prove to be inaccurate. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and Operations—Our user metrics and other estimates are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in those metrics could adversely affect our business and reputation."

***Trends in Monthly Active Users (MAU)***

We define MAU as users based on each device logged in and each offering accessed from a single device and may include the same individual user multiple times if the user is logged in from multiple devices or if the user accesses multiple offerings from one device.

We track MAU as an indicator of the scale of our active user base, user engagement and adoption. We also break out MAU by geographic region to help us understand the global engagement.

Starting January 1, 2025, NAVER adjusted their methodology for measuring MAU in Korea. Korea is the only region where NAVER serves as a source of our MAU data. NAVER adjusted their methodology for identifying and counting web users for all of their services. This change only affected MAU in Korea. All the other regions are continuing to report their metrics in the same way as previous quarters. A table reconciling previously reported MAU in Korea for fiscal quarters in 2024 to MAU in Korea using the new methodology was provided in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 14, 2025. This Report compares MAU in Korea to the prior period applying the new methodology for all reported periods.

As of the quarter ended September 30, 2025, our global MAU was approximately 155.4 million. The global MAU decreased by approximately 8.5% compared to September 30, 2024, primarily due to declines of MAU in Korea and ROW.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• In Korea, our MAU was approximately 24.6 million as of the quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to MAU of 28.1 million as of the same quarter of 2024.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• In Japan, our MAU have reached 25.3 million as of the quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to MAU of 22.5 million as of the same quarter of 2024, largely attributable to growth in eBookJapan and increased investments in marketing.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• In Rest of World, our MAU was 105.5 million as of the quarter ended September 30, 2025, which declined from 119.3 million as of the comparable prior year period. The decrease was primarily attributable to government bans on Wattpad in certain countries, as well as the impact of a Wattpad security upgrade which unintentionally affected

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search engine indexing, causing a dip in search traffic. We fully resolved the search engine indexing issue during the quarter and saw sequential stability in Wattpad MAU in the second half of the quarter as a result.

***Trends in Monthly Paying Users (MPU)***

We define MPU as users who have paid to access Paid Content in the applicable calendar month, averaged over each month in the given period. We define paying ratio as the ratio of MPU divided by MAU for the respective periods.

We view MPU and paying ratio to be indicators of the strength of our monetization.

As of the quarter ended September 30, 2025, our global MPU was 7.7 million with a paying ratio of 5.0%, which is an increase of 0.3% compared to the paying ratio for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, of 4.6%. By geographic regions, Korea, Japan, and Rest of World contributed 47.8%, 30.1% and 22.1% of global MPU, respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• In Korea, our MPU have decreased to around 3.7 million with a paying ratio of 14.9%, compared to MPU of approximately 3.9 million and a paying ratio of 13.8% as of the quarter ended September 30, 2024. While our MPU decreased from the comparable quarter of 2024, our paying ratio increased approximately 1.2% from the comparable quarter of 2024.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• In Japan, our MPU have reached 2.3 million with a paying ratio of 9.1%, compared to MPU of 2.3 million and a paying ratio of 10.3% as of the quarter ended September 30, 2024.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• In Rest of World, our MPU is 1.7 million with a paying ratio of 1.6% compared to MPU of 1.7 million and a paying ratio of 1.4% in the prior year's comparable quarter.

***Trends in Paid Content Average Revenue per Paying User (ARPPU)***

We define ARPPU as average Paid Content revenue in a given month divided by the number of MPU for such month, averaged over each month in the given period.

We view ARPPU to be an indicator of both the strength of engagement and Paid Content monetization on our platform. Units are in U.S. dollars.

Engagement is a key aspect to drive our monetization. Our ARPPU has increased over time as our users explored more titles and purchased more episodes behind our paywall. For the quarter ended September 30, 2025, our ARPPU has increased to $12.4, or 2.8% growth compared to the same quarter of 2024. The growth in ARPPU was driven primarily by our strategic effort to shift users from web to the app, as app users are more engaged and present better monetization opportunities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• In Korea, our ARPPU for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 has increased to $8.0, or 1.3% increase compared to the same quarter of 2024.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• In Japan, our ARPPU for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 has increased to $23.6, or 2.4% increase compared to the same quarter of 2024.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• In Rest of World, our ARPPU for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 has increased to $6.8, or 1.4% growth compared to the same quarter of 2024.

**Seasonality**

Historically, while the magnitude and timing varies across regions, we experience higher levels of user engagement and monetization in the third quarter of the calendar year primarily as a result of increased use of our platform during the global vacation and holiday schedules of our users. In addition, many advertisers allocate the largest portion of their budgets to the fourth quarter of the calendar year to coincide with increased holiday purchasing. As we continue to diversify our sources of revenue, and in particular increase revenue from advertising, the seasonal impacts may be more pronounced in the fourth quarter in the future or different altogether.

**Components of Results of Operations** 

***Revenue***

Our revenue is derived from three distinct revenue streams: Paid Content, Advertising and IP Adaptations.

Our Paid Content revenue represents revenue generated from the sale of content on our platform to users. Advertising revenue represents revenue earned for the display of advertisements on our platform, including in-stream placement within content. Our IP Adaptations revenue comprises of revenue generated from adaptations of certain content on our offerings into other media formats such as films, streaming series, games and merchandise, which may take the form of fixed licensing fees or other arrangements where we participate in the upside of such productions, or sales of

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merchandise. See Note 2. *Revenue* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information.

***Cost of Revenue***

Cost of revenue consists of Paid Content creator revenue shared with creators, app store fees and other variable costs. Creator revenue share includes commissions payable to creators or publishers based on revenue generated from Paid Content. App store fees include platform fees payable to companies that provide users with the ability to download the mobile application through application stores and make purchases directly through such applications (such as Google and Apple) and certain other payment-related costs. These expenses are lower in Korea where more people buy Coins through our website as opposed to purchases made through mobile applications. Other variable costs include, among other things, costs directly associated with our IP Adaptations business, including payroll and related personal expenses, amortization and production costs.

***Marketing***

Marketing expenses consist of expenses incurred for the promotion of our brand, costs associated with user acquisition and costs associated with loyalty marketing campaigns where we give away free Coins. Marketing expenses also include compensation costs related to sales and marketing personnel.

***General and Administrative Expenses***

General and administrative expenses consist of all our operating costs, excluding cost of revenue and marketing, and include costs related to operating and maintaining our platform, general corporate function costs, stock-based compensation expense (benefit) and depreciation and amortization of non-operating assets. See Note 8. *Stock-Based Compensation* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information.

***Interest Income***

Interest income primarily consists of interest earned on our short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, which are mainly comprised of bank deposits, and interest income from loan receivables.

***Income (Loss) on Equity Method Investment, Net***

Income (loss) on equity method investment, net, includes recognized income (loss) associated with our investments accounted for using the equity method. See Note 15. *Equity Method Investments* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information.

***Other Income (Loss), Net***

Other income, net, primarily consists of gains or losses on valuation of debt and equity securities, net, income or loss on foreign currency, net, retirement benefit, net, and other non-operating income or loss, net.

***Income Tax Expense***

Income tax expense primarily includes income taxes in certain federal, state, local, and foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct our business, primarily in the U.S., Korea, Japan and Canada. Foreign jurisdictions have different statutory tax rates from those in the U.S. Additionally, certain of our foreign earnings may also be taxable in the U.S. Accordingly, our effective tax rate will vary depending on the relative proportion of foreign to domestic income, use of tax credits, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in tax laws. See Note 9. *Income Taxes* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information.

**Results of Operations** 

***Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss***

The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We have derived this data from our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The information for each of the periods presented has been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflects all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessary for the fair statement of the results of operations for the period. This data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report, and

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future.

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended<br>September 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br>September 30,** | | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **%**<br>**Change**  | **2025** | **2024** | **%**<br>**Change**  |
| Revenue | $378041 | $347915 | 8.7% | $1052019 | $995631 | 5.7% |
| Cost of revenue | (295267) | (256534) | 15.1% | (810355) | (738834) | 9.7% |
| Marketing | (35166) | (32719) | 7.5% | (97779) | (75645) | 29.3% |
| General and administrative expenses | (62486) | (66747) | (6.4%) | (194160) | (254145) | (23.6%) |
| Operating income (loss) | (14878) | (8085) | 84.0% | (50275) | (72993) | (31.1%) |
| Interest income | 4638 | 6512 | (28.8%) | 14661 | 9790 | 49.8% |
| Interest expense | (2) |  | N/A | (6) | (44) | (86.4%) |
| Income (loss) on equity method investments, net | 1709 | (138) | (1338.4%) | 1647 | (1070) | (253.9%) |
| Other income (loss), net | (1891) | 11798 | (116.0%) | (588) | 12644 | (104.7%) |
| Income (loss) before income tax | (10424) | 10087 | (203.3%) | (34561) | (51673) | (33.1%) |
| Income tax benefit (expense) | (626) | 9899 | (106.3%) | (2341) | 1324 | (276.8%) |
| Net income (loss) | (11050) | 19986 | (155.3%) | (36902) | (50349) | (26.7%) |
| Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests and redeemable non-controlling interests | 597 | 233 | 156.2% | 1460 | 591 | 147.0% |
| Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to WEBTOON Entertainment Inc. | $(11647) | $19753 | (159.0)% | $(38362) | $(50940) | (24.7%) |

---

***Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024***

***Revenue***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Revenue | $378041 | $347915 | 8.7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paid Content | 286814 | 285228 | 0.6% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advertising | 39367 | 43384 | (9.3%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IP Adaptations | 51860 | 19303 | 168.7% |

---

Revenue increased 8.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The primary driver of the increase was the success of the IP Adaptation *My Daughter is a Zombie,* which was offset by a decrease in advertising revenue due to declines in the volume of ads from an ecommerce advertising partner.

***Cost of Revenue***

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| **Cost of revenue** | (295267) | (256534) | 15.1% |

---

Our cost of revenue increased by $38.7 million, or 15.1%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. Our cost of revenue, as a percentage of revenue, has increased due to the higher attribution of free coins to cost of revenue. In addition, we have invested in labor to further improve our platform and drive growth.

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

***Marketing***

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Marketing | $(35166) | $(32719) | 7.5% |

---

Marketing expense increased by $2.4 million, or 7.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, as we continue to invest in marketing to drive growth.

***General and Administrative Expenses***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| General and administrative expenses | $(62486) | $(66747) | (6.4%) |

---

General and administrative expenses decreased by $4.3 million, or 6.4%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was largely driven by a decrease of approximately $4.4 million in stock compensation expense during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024.

***Interest Income***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Interest income | $4638 | $6512 | (28.8%) |

---

Interest income decreased by $1.9 million, or (28.8%), for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to lower interest rates.

***Income (Loss) on Equity Method Investment, Net***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Income (loss) on equity method investments, net | $1709 | (138) | (1338.4%) |

---

Income (loss) on equity method investment, net, increased by $1.8 million, or 1338.4%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. See Note 15. *Equity Method Investments* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information on the Company's equity method investments.

***Other Income (Loss), Net***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Other income (loss), net | $(1891) | $11798 | (116.0)% |

---

Other income (loss), net, decreased by $13.7 million, or (116.0%), for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This decrease was driven by losses on certain transactions due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

***Income Tax Benefit (Expense)***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Income tax benefit (expense) | $(626) | $9899 | (106.3%) |

---

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

Income tax benefit (expense) decreased by $10.5 million, or 106.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by the LDF valuation allowance release in the prior year due to the LDF-eBIJ Merger. See Note 9. *Income Taxes* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information on our taxes.

***Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024***

***Revenue***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Revenue | $1052019 | $995631 | 5.7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paid Content | 821953 | 812791 | 1.1% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advertising | 124485 | 120800 | 3.1% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IP Adaptations | 105581 | $62040 | 70.2% |

---

Revenue increased by $56.4 million, or 5.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The primary driver was an increase in IP Adaptations revenue of $43.5 million, or 70.2%, followed by increases of $9.2 million and $3.7 million in Paid Content and Advertising, respectively.

***Cost of Revenue***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Cost of revenue | $(810355) | $(738834) | 9.7% |

---

Our cost of revenue increased by $71.5 million, or 9.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, due to the higher attribution of free coins to cost of revenue, investments in labor to further improve our platform to drive growth, and overall increases in commissions and fees paid to creators, primarily associated with higher revenues.

***Marketing***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Marketing | $(97779) | $(75645) | 29.3% |

---

Marketing expenses increased by $22.1 million, or 29.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. These increases were a result of our continued investment in marketing to drive growth.

***General and Administrative Expenses***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| General and administrative expenses | $(194160) | $(254145) | (23.6%) |

---

General and administrative expenses decreased by $60.0 million, or 23.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was largely driven by a decrease in stock compensation expense of approximately $37.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and a one-time bonus of $30.0 million granted to the CEO for a successful IPO during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which did not occur during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

***Interest Income***

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Interest income | $14661 | $9790 | 49.8% |

---

Interest income increased by $4.9 million, or 49.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by higher balances due to proceeds from the IPO and higher interest rates compared to the prior year.

***Income (Loss) on Equity Method Investment, Net***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Income (loss) on equity method investments, net | $1647 | $(1070) | (253.9%) |

---

Income (loss) on equity method investment, net, increased by $2.7 million, or 253.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. See Note 15. *Equity Method Investments* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information on the Company's equity method investments.

***Other Income (Loss), Net***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Other income (loss), net | $(588) | $12644 | (104.7%) |

---

Other income (loss), net, increased by $13.2 million, or (104.7%), for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was attributable to gains related to certain transactions due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

***Income Tax Benefit (Expense)***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| Income tax benefit (expense) | $(2341) | $1324 | (276.8%) |

---

Income tax expense increased by $3.7 million, or 276.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by the LDF valuation allowance release during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to the LDF-eBIJ Merger and offset by the change in jurisdictional profits and losses. See Note 9. *Income Taxes* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information on our taxes.

**Non-GAAP Financial Measures**

In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, our management and our board of directors also consider EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, revenue on a constant currency basis, and revenue growth on a constant currency basis, ARPPU on a constant currency basis and ARPPU growth on a constant currency basis. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide investors with additional useful information in evaluating our performance. Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation, or as substitutes for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP measures have limitations as they do not reflect all the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP, and should only be used to evaluate our results of operations in conjunction with the corresponding GAAP measures.

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

***EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin***

We define EBITDA as net income(loss) before interest income, interest expense, income tax expense and depreciation and amortization. Starting with the third quarter of 2024, our calculation of EBITDA has been revised to adjust for interest income in addition to interest expense. In prior periods, we only adjusted for interest expense because interest income amounts were insignificant. Prior comparable periods have now been recast to conform to the current presentation. Likewise, EBITDA margin is calculated by adjusting for interest income in addition to interest expense and prior comparable periods have been recast to conform to the current presentation. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA with further adjustments to eliminate the effects of loss on equity method investments, effect of applying the valuation method of fair value through profit or loss ("FVPL"), impairment of goodwill, non-cash stock-based compensation and certain other non-recurring costs. We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provide useful information to investors regarding our performance, as it removes the impact of certain items that are not representative of our ongoing business, such as certain non-cash charges and variable charges. We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are non-GAAP financial measures and are not intended to be substitutes for any GAAP financial measures. They should be considered in addition to, not as substitutes for, or in isolation from, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, such as consolidated net income (loss) or consolidated net income (loss) margin.

Using EBITDA as a performance measure has material limitations as compared to consolidated net income (loss), or other financial measures as defined under GAAP, as it excludes certain recurring items, which may be meaningful to investors. EBITDA excludes interest expense and interest income; however, as we have borrowed money to finance transactions and operations, or invested available cash to generate interest income, interest expense and interest income are elements of our cost structure and can affect our ability to generate revenue and returns for our stockholders. Further, EBITDA excludes depreciation and amortization; however, as we use capital and intangible assets to generate revenue, depreciation and amortization are necessary elements of our costs and ability to generate revenue. Finally, EBITDA excludes income taxes; however, as we are organized as a corporation, the payment of taxes is a necessary element of our operations. Any measure, including EBITDA, that excludes interest expense, depreciation and amortization and income taxes has material limitations as compared to net income. When using EBITDA as a performance measure, management compensates for these limitations by comparing EBITDA to net loss in each period, to allow for the comparison of the performance of the underlying core operations with the overall performance of the company on a full-cost, after-tax basis.

You are also encouraged to evaluate our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, and the reasons we consider these adjustments appropriate for supplemental analysis. In evaluating these measures, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments in our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. There can be no assurance that we will not modify the presentation of these measures in the future, and any such modification may be material. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin have their limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Adjusted EBITDA does not include the interest expense and the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash requirements for replacement of assets that are being depreciated or amortized;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Adjusted EBITDA excludes the impact of charges and receipts resulting from matters we do not find indicative of our ongoing operations; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin differently than we do.

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**<u>[Table of](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)[Contents](#ic25de06044104f078f6251a99a5592f0_7)</u>**

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss to EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin for each of the periods presented.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
| *(in thousands of USD, except percentages)* | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Net income (loss)** | $(11050) | $19986 | $(36902) | $(50349) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest income | (4638) | (6512) | (14661) | (9790) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | 2 |  | 6 | 44 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax expense (benefit) | 626 | (9899) | 2341 | (1324) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 7940 | 10003 | 24784 | 27953 |
| **EBITDA** | $(7120) | $13578 | $(24432) | $(33466) |
| Stock-based compensation expense<sup>(1)</sup> | 9625 | 12262 | 35123 | 68305 |
| Restructuring and IPO-related costs<sup>(2)</sup> | 2684 | 2925 | 5802 | 40645 |
| Loss (gain) on fair value instruments, net<sup>(3)</sup> | 1640 |  | 4016 | (5143) |
| Loss (income) on equity method investments, net<sup>(4)</sup> | (1709) | 138 | (1647) | 1070 |
| **Adjusted EBITDA**<sup>(5)</sup> | $5120 | $28903 | $18862 | $71411 |
| Net income (loss) margin | (2.9)% | 5.7% | (3.5)% | (5.1)% |
| Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 1.4% | 8.3% | 1.8% | 7.2% |

---

___________________________________________________________________________

(1)Represents non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to WEBTOON's equity incentive plan and stock-based compensation plans of NAVER and Munpia, including amounts which are cash settled. See Note 8. *Stock-Based Compensation* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report for further details on the amounts included within.

(2)Represents non-recurring expenses that we do not consider representative of the operating performance of the business. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, these amounts include legal fees and advisory fees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, these amounts were comprised of a $30.0 million one-time CEO bonus and legal and advisory fees related to the IPO.

(3)Represents unrealized net loss (gain) of financial assets measured at FVPL, which include the Company's equity investments.

(4)Represents our proportionate share of recognized losses associated with our investments accounted for using the equity method. See Note 15. *Equity Method Investments* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

(5)Totals may not foot due to rounding.

***Use of Constant Currency***

We provide revenue, including period-over-period growth rates, adjusted to remove the impact of foreign currency rate fluctuations and the impact of deconsolidated and transferred operations, which we refer to as revenue on a constant currency basis. We calculate revenue on a constant currency basis in a given period by applying the average currency exchange rates in the comparable period of the prior year to the local currency revenue in the current period. We calculate revenue growth (as a percentage) on a constant currency basis by determining the increase in current period revenue over prior period revenue, where current period foreign currency revenue is translated using prior period average currency exchange rates. In addition to adjustments for foreign currency exchange fluctuations, we have also adjusted revenue to exclude the impact of deconsolidation of Jakga to improve comparability between the two periods. We calculate revenue (including growth rates) on a constant currency basis in each of our revenue streams - Paid Content, Advertising and IP Adaptations - using the same method as laid out herein. See Note 14. *Disposition* in the accompanying notes to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information.

We provide ARPPU, including period-over-period growth rates, on a constant currency basis for our Paid Content revenue streams as average Paid Content revenue on a constant currency basis in a given month divided by the number of MPU for such month, averaged over each month in the given period. As discussed above, we calculate revenue on a constant currency basis in a given period by applying the average currency exchange rates in the comparable period of the prior year to the local currency revenue in the current period and excluding deconsolidated and transferred operations. We calculate ARPPU growth rates (as a percentage) on a constant currency basis as the increase in current period ARPPU over prior period ARPPU, with current period foreign currency ARPPU translated using prior period average currency exchange rates and excluding deconsolidated and transferred operations.

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We believe providing revenue, revenue growth rates, ARPPU and ARPPU growth rates on a constant currency basis helps our investors better understand our underlying performance because they exclude the effects of foreign currency volatility and impacts of deconsolidated and transferred operations that are not indicative of our actual results of operations. Adjusting revenue or ARPPU to remove the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations, deconsolidation, and transfer of operations results in non-GAAP measures that management uses to help make informed decisions by removing the volatility caused by foreign currency rate fluctuations and the impact of deconsolidated and transferred operations, allowing us to assess whether the business is fundamentally healthy and growing. Additionally, these metrics support management in efficiently allocating resources and determining priorities by providing a basis for evaluating the competitiveness and growth potential of the business itself. It is for these reasons that management believes these non-GAAP metrics add value, but they have their limitations as analytical tools for not reflecting all the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP, and you should not consider them in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.

The following table presents a reconciliation of revenue to revenue on a constant currency basis, and ARPPU to ARPPU on a constant currency basis, respectively, for each of the periods presented.

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** | |
| *(in thousands of USD, except percentages)* | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** |
| **Total Revenue** | $378041 | $347915 | 8.7% | $1052019 | $995631 | 5.7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Effect of deconsolidated and transferred operations | - | - | N/A | - | (145) | (100.0%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations | 1414 | - | N/A | 24024 | - | N/A |
| Revenue on a Constant Currency Basis | $379455 | $347915 | 9.1% | $1076043 | $995486 | 8.1% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Paid Content Revenue** | 286814 | 285228 | 0.6% | 821953 | 812791 | 1.1% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effect of deconsolidated and transferred operations | - | - | N/A | - | (120) | (100.0%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations | 632 | - | N/A | 13177 | - | N/A |
| Paid Content Revenue on a Constant Currency Basis | $287446 | $285228 | 0.8% | $835130 | $812671 | 2.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Advertising Revenue** | 39367 | 43384 | (9.3%) | 124485 | 120800 | 3.1% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations | 169 | - | N/A | 3190 | - | N/A |
| Advertising Revenue on a Constant Currency Basis | $39536 | $43384 | (8.9%) | $127675 | $120800 | 5.7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**IP Adaptations Revenue** | 51860 | 19303 | 168.7% | 105581 | 62040 | 70.2% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effect of deconsolidated and transferred operations | - | - | N/A | - | (26) | (100.0%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations | 613 | - | N/A | 7657 | - | N/A |
| IP Adaptations Revenue on a Constant Currency Basis | $52473 | $19303 | 171.8% | $113238 | $62014 | 82.6% |
| **Paid Content Average Revenue Per Paying User ("ARPPU")** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Korea Paid Content Revenue** | $88011 | $91401 | (3.7%) | $245682 | $266282 | (7.7%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Korea ARPPU | $8.0 | $7.9 | 1.3% | $7.8 | $7.8 | 0.3% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations | 0.2 | - | N/A | 0.7 | - | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Korea ARPPU on a Constant Currency Basis | $8.2 | $7.9 | 4.0% | $8.5 | $7.8 | 9.3% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Japan Paid Content Revenue** | 164155 | 159933 | 2.6% | 475632 | 444399 | 7.0% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Japan ARPPU | $23.6 | $23.1 | 2.4% | $23.2 | $22.2 | 4.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations | (0.2) | - | N/A | (0.4) | - | N/A |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Japan ARPPU on a Constant Currency Basis | $23.4 | $23.1 | 1.3% | $22.8 | $22.2 | 2.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Rest of World Paid Content Revenue** | 34648 | 33893 | 2.2% | 100639 | 102111 | (1.4%) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Rest of World ARPPU | 6.8 | 6.7 | 1.4% | 6.6 | 6.5 | 2.4% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rest of World ARPPU on a Constant Currency Basis | $6.8 | $6.7 | 1.4% | $6.6 | $6.5 | 2.4% |

---

**Liquidity and Capital Resources** 

On June 28, 2024, we completed our IPO in which we issued and sold 15,000,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $21.00 per share. We received net proceeds of approximately $281.7 million from the IPO, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us.

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Also, immediately subsequent to the closing of the IPO, we issued and sold 2,380,952 shares of common stock to NAVER U.Hub Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of NAVER, in a private placement at $21.00 per share and received $50 million in proceeds.

On July 26, 2024, the underwriters partially exercised the over-allotment option to purchase 1,371,549 shares of common stock at $21.00 per share, which was closed on July 30, 2024. We received net proceeds of approximately $26.8 million therefrom, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us.

Historically, we have relied primarily upon cash generated from operations and cash provided by NAVER through capital contributions to finance our operations, repay or repurchase indebtedness, finance acquisitions and fund our capital expenditures. NAVER does not have any contractual obligation to provide additional capital to us and therefore there can be no assurance that NAVER will continue to provide additional capital in the form of debt or equity investment in the future to enable us to operate our business. As of September 30, 2025, we had $584.6 million of cash and cash equivalents, which were primarily invested in short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase and are mainly comprised of bank deposits. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalent balances will be sufficient to support our working capital requirements for at least the next 12 months based on our current operating plans. However, our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, sales and marketing activities and other factors affecting our business, including those described in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in the Annual Report. Our expected primary uses of our capital on short- and long-term bases are for repayment of debt, interest payments, working capital, capital expenditures, geographic expansion and other general corporate purposes.

We may, in the future, enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products and technologies, including intellectual property rights, which may require us to seek additional financing. To the extent additional funds are necessary to meet our liquidity needs as we continue to execute our business strategy, we anticipate that they will be obtained through the incurrence of indebtedness, the issuance of additional equity or a combination of these potential sources of funds. Such financing, may however, not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. In particular, high inflation and interest rates have resulted, and may continue to result, in significant disruption of global financial markets, reducing our ability to access capital. If we are unable to raise additional funds on commercially reasonable terms or at all, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. See "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and Operations—We may require additional capital to support our business in the future, and this capital might not be available on reasonable terms, if at all." in the Annual Report.

**Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows** 

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the period presented:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** |
| *(in thousands of USD)* | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $3578 | $26539 |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (5029) | (11230) |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 1407 | 353668 |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 12217 | (15206) |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $12173 | $353771 |

---

***Operating Activities***

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash provided by operating activities was $3.6 million, which primarily consisted of net loss of $36.9 million, adjusted for certain non-cash items of $60.3 million. The non-cash items included stock-based compensation of $35.1 million, depreciation and amortization of approximately $24.8 million, and operating lease expense of $7.2 million, which was partially offset by a gain of $2.5 million on foreign currency, net, and a gain on equity method investments, net, of $1.6 million. The net cash outflow from changes in our operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in our accrued expenses, an increase in our other assets, and an increase in accounts payable, which was partially offset by an decrease in other liabilities and contract liabilities.

***Investing Activities***

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash used in investing activities was $5.0 million, consisting of proceeds from maturities of short-term investments of approximately $32.5 million, which was primarily offset by payment made for short-term investments of $17.4 million, purchases of intangible assets of $7.2 million, purchases of property and equity of $7.0 million and purchases of debt and equity securities of $6.7 million.

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***Financing Activities***

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, net cash provided by financing was minimal, and primarily related to exercise of stock options, and a small amount of proceeds from short-term borrowings.

**Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

Our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto included in this Report are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in those Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes. Although we believe that the estimates we use are reasonable, due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making those estimates, actual results reported in future periods could differ from those estimates.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as described in the Annual Report. Refer to Note 1. *Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies* in the accompanying notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for recently adopted and issued accounting pronouncements, if any, since the filing of our Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2024.

**Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.**

For a discussion of our market risks, see "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in Part II Item 7A of our Annual Report.

**Item 4. Controls and Procedures.**

***Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures***

Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, with the participation and supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting described below. However, after giving full consideration to such material weaknesses, and the additional analyses and other procedures that we performed to ensure that our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, our management has concluded that our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods disclosed in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Management has determined that the Company had the following material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Company did not design and maintain an effective control environment commensurate with its financial reporting requirements. Specifically, the Company lacked a sufficient complement of resources with an appropriate level of accounting knowledge, experience and training to appropriately analyze, record and disclose accounting matters timely and accurately.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Company did not design and maintain effective controls related to the period-end financial reporting process, including, procedures and controls to achieve complete, accurate and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures.

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***Remediation Progress***

We are continuing to remain focused on remediation of the remaining material weaknesses outlined above, and our ongoing remediation efforts include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The continued onboarding of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting specialists to enhance the financial reporting function and establish a robust financial and system control framework; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The continued strengthening of controls around our financial accounting closing, reporting and disclosure processes.

We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, and actions we may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the internal control deficiencies that led to our material weaknesses, that the material weaknesses will be remediated on a timely basis, or that additional material weaknesses will not be identified in the future.

***Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting***

We are taking actions to remediate the material weaknesses relating to our internal control over financial reporting. Except as otherwise described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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**PART II-OTHER INFORMATION**

**Item 1. Legal Proceedings.**

From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings, claims and investigations relating to intellectual property, data privacy and data protection, privacy and other torts, illegal or objectionable content, consumer protection, securities, labor and employment, contractual rights, civil rights infringement, false or misleading advertising, governmental investigations and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. This risk is enhanced in certain jurisdictions outside of the U.S. where our protection from liability for content published on our platform by third parties may be unclear and where we may be less protected under local laws than we are in the U.S. It is not possible to predict the timing and ultimate outcome of a pending or ongoing legal proceeding with certainty, and our assessment of the materiality of a legal proceeding, including any accruals taken in connection therewith, may not be consistent with the ultimate outcome of the legal proceeding. In addition, our current estimates of the potential impact of pending or ongoing legal proceedings on our business, financial condition or results of operations could change from time to time in the future. For additional information about our legal proceedings, see Note 7. *Commitments and Contingencies* to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report.

*Securities Litigation*

On September 5, 2024, a purported stockholder filed a putative class action lawsuit against the Company, its directors, and the underwriters of the IPO in the federal court for the Central District of California, purportedly on behalf of all purchasers of shares of the Company's common stock pursuant or traceable to the IPO Prospectus and the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-279863) relating to our IPO (the "Registration Statement"). The complaint alleges that the Registration Statement was materially false and misleading in violation of Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933. On October 10, 2024, the court ordered that the defendants are not required to answer or otherwise respond to the complaint, deferring any response until after the court rules on any motion by a purported class member to serve as lead plaintiff. On December 12, 2024, the court appointed a lead plaintiff and lead counsel. On February 3, 2025, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint, and on March 4, 2025, the Company, its directors, and the underwriters of the IPO moved to dismiss the amended complaint. On March 11, 2025, the lead plaintiff filed an opposition to this motion to dismiss, and on March 18, 2025, the Company, its directors, and the underwriters filed a reply in support of the motion to dismiss. The Company intends to defend this case vigorously. At this early stage of the proceedings, the Company cannot predict the ultimate outcome of the litigation nor estimate any range of possible losses.

On November 15, 2024, a purported stockholder filed a shareholder derivative lawsuit against the Company's directors, naming the Company as a nominal defendant, in the federal court for the Central District of California. The complaint focuses on the same allegations as the putative securities class action described above, including that the Company's Registration Statement was materially false or misleading. The complaint includes claims for violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, breach of fiduciary duties, and unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and contribution under Section 11(f) of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 31D of the Exchange Act of 1934. On January 13, 2025, by stipulation of the parties, the court ordered the shareholder derivative lawsuit stayed pending resolution of the Company's motion to dismiss in the putative securities class action. At this early stage of the proceedings, the Company can neither predict the ultimate outcome of the litigation nor estimate any range of possible losses.

**Item 1A. Risk Factors.**

Our risk factors are set forth in the "Risk Factors" in Part I. Item 1A of our Annual Report. There have been no material changes to our risk factors since the filing of such Annual Report.

**Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.**

None.

**Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.**

None.

**Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.**

Not Applicable.

**Item 5. Other Information.**

None.

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**Item 6. Exhibits.**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit<br>Number** | **Description** |
| 3.1 | <u>[Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2024)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1997859/000119312524173353/d841371dex31.htm)</u> |
| 3.2 | <u>[Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2024)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1997859/000119312524173353/d841371dex32.htm)</u> |
| 31.1\* | <u>[Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](wbtn-20250930xex311.htm)</u> |
| 31.2\* | <u>[Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](wbtn-20250930xex312.htm)</u> |
| 32.1\*\* | <u>[Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](wbtn-20250930xex321.htm)</u> |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |

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________________________________________________________________

\*Filed herewith

\*\*Furnished herewith

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**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.** | **WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.** |
| Date: November 13, 2025 | By: | /s/ David J. Lee |
|  |  | David J. Lee |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 31.1

**EXHIBIT 31.1**

**CERTIFICATION**

**PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 AND 15d-14**

**UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED**

I, Junkoo Kim, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.[Reserved];

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's Board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| |
|:---|
| Date: November 13, 2025 |
| <u>/s/ Junkoo Kim</u> |
| Name: Junkoo Kim |
| Title: Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**EXHIBIT 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION**

**PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 AND 15d-14**

**UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED**

I, David J. Lee, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of WEBTOON Entertainment Inc.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.[Reserved];

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's Board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

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| |
|:---|
| Date: November 13, 2025 |
| <u>/s/ David J. Lee</u> |
| Name: David J. Lee |
| Title: Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**EXHIBIT 32.1**

**CERTIFICATION**

**PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. 1350**

**(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)**

Junkoo Kim, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of WEBTOON Entertainment Inc. (the "Company"), and David J. Lee, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of the Company, each, hereby certifies, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that, to the best of his knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

---

| |
|:---|
| Date: November 13, 2025 |
| <u>/s/ Junkoo Kim</u> |
| Name: Junkoo Kim |
| Title: Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer |
| <u>/s/ David J. Lee</u> |
| Name: David J. Lee |
| Title: Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer |

---

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