# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001396009
**File Stem:** 0001396009-25-000021
**Filing Date:** 2025-7
**Character Count:** 278984
**Document Hash:** 9e7433d90365fffb6298ffca1085c699
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001396009-25-000021.hdr.sgml**: 20250731

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001396009-25-000021

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 102

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250630

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250731

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250731

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Vulcan Materials CO
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001396009
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** MINING, QUARRYING OF NONMETALLIC MINERALS (NO FUELS) [1400]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 01 Energy & Transportation
- **EIN:** 208579133
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** NJ
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-33841
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251170405

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1200 URBAN CENTER DRIVE
- **CITY:** BIRMINGHAM
- **STATE:** AL
- **ZIP:** 35242
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** (205) 298-3000

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1200 URBAN CENTER DRIVE
- **CITY:** BIRMINGHAM
- **STATE:** AL
- **ZIP:** 35242

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Virginia Holdco, Inc.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20070409

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? vmc-20250630

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

(Mark One)

🗹 QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended **June 30, 2025**

OR

□ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to

Commission File Number **001-33841**

![VMC (280) JPG (1).jpg](vmc-20250630_g1.jpg)

**VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **New Jersey** <br>(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | **20-8579133**<br>(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| **1200 Urban Center Drive, Birmingham, Alabama**<br>(Address of principal executive offices)  | **35242** <br>(zip code) |
| **(205) 298-3000**<br>(Registrant's telephone number including area code) | **(205) 298-3000**<br>(Registrant's telephone number including area code) |

---

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| **Common Stock, $1 par value** | **VMC** | **New York Stock Exchange**  |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes 🗹 No □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes 🗹 No □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer 🗹 Accelerated filer □ Smaller reporting company □ <br> Non-accelerated filer □ Emerging growth company □

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes □ No 🗹

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Class | Shares Outstanding at July 23, 2025 |
| Common Stock, $1 Par Value | 132124158 |

---

------

VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY

FORM 10-Q

QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2025

**CONTENTS**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **[PART I](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_10)** | **[FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_10)** | **[FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_10)** | |
|  | <u>[Item 1.](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_13)</u> | <u>[Financial Statements](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_13)</u> |  |
|  |  | <u>[Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_16)</u> | [2](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_16) |
|  |  | <u>[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_19)</u> | [3](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_19) |
|  |  | <u>[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_22)</u> | [4](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_22) |
|  |  | <u>[Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_25)</u> | [5](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_25) |
|  | <u>[Item 2.](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_100)</u> | <u>[Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_100)</u> | [26](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_100) |
|  | <u>[Item 3.](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_163)</u> | <u>[Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_163)</u> | [43](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_163) |
|  | <u>[Item 4.](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_166)</u> | <u>[Controls and Procedures](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_166)</u> | [43](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_166) |
| **[PART II](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_169)** | **[OTHER INFORMATION](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_169)** | **[OTHER INFORMATION](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_169)** |  |
|  | <u>[Item 1.](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_172)</u> | <u>[Legal Proceedings](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_172)</u> | [44](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_172) |
|  | <u>[Item 1A.](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_175)</u> | <u>[Risk Factors](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_175)</u> | [44](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_175) |
|  | <u>[Item 2.](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_178)</u> | <u>[Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_178)</u> | [44](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_178) |
|  | <u>[Item 4.](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_181)</u> | <u>[Mine Safety Disclosures](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_181)</u> | [44](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_181) |
|  | <u>[Item 5.](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_184)</u> | <u>[Other Information](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_184)</u> | [44](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_184) |
|  | <u>[Item 6.](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_193)</u> | <u>[Exhibits](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_193)</u> | [45](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_193) |
|  |  | <u>[Signatures](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_196)</u> | [46](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_196) |

---

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, references in this report to "Vulcan," the "Company," "we," "our," or "us" refer to Vulcan Materials Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

------

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

---

| |
|:---|
| ITEM 1 |
| **FINANCIAL STATEMENTS** |

---

**VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES**

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *Unaudited* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| *in millions* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| **Assets** |  |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $347.4 | $559.7 | $111.0 |
| Restricted cash | 3.6 | 41.1 | 0.6 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts and notes receivable, gross | 1092.2 | 905.5 | 1075.5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Allowance for credit losses | (13.3) | (13.2) | (14.3) |
| Accounts and notes receivable, net | 1078.9 | 892.3 | 1061.2 |
| Inventories | 725.5 | 681.8 | 650.3 |
| Other current assets | 88.1 | 90.8 | 153.4 |
| Total current assets | 2243.5 | 2265.7 | 1976.5 |
| Investments and long-term receivables | 32.9 | 31.3 | 31.4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Property, plant & equipment, cost | 14558.8 | 14516.8 | 12240.8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Allowances for depreciation, depletion & amortization | (6222.0) | (6055.3) | (5825.0) |
| Property, plant & equipment, net | 8336.8 | 8461.5 | 6415.8 |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 546.1 | 526.4 | 511.8 |
| Goodwill | 3831.8 | 3788.1 | 3536.6 |
| Other intangible assets, net | 1831.6 | 1883.0 | 1623.3 |
| Other noncurrent assets | 152.0 | 148.8 | 121.0 |
| Total assets | $16974.7 | $17104.8 | $14216.4 |
| **Liabilities** |  |  |  |
| Current maturities of long-term debt | $0.5 | $400.5 | $0.5 |
| Short-term debt | 550.0 | 0.0 | 95.0 |
| Trade payables and accruals | 383.5 | 407.0 | 326.6 |
| Other current liabilities | 407.9 | 431.6 | 374.7 |
| Total current liabilities | 1341.9 | 1239.1 | 796.8 |
| Long-term debt | 4359.2 | 4906.9 | 3331.7 |
| Deferred income taxes, net | 1323.6 | 1336.5 | 1011.5 |
| Deferred revenue | 134.3 | 137.8 | 141.4 |
| Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 536.1 | 521.4 | 507.5 |
| Other noncurrent liabilities | 849.9 | 820.6 | 697.1 |
| Total liabilities | $8545.0 | $8962.3 | $6486.0 |
| Other commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |  |  |  |
| **Equity** |  |  |  |
| Common stock, $1 par value, Authorized 480.0 shares,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Outstanding 132.0, 132.1 and 132.1 shares, respectively | $132.0 | $132.1 | $132.1 |
| Capital in excess of par value | 2904.5 | 2900.1 | 2879.9 |
| Retained earnings | 5494.9 | 5213.8 | 4833.9 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (124.5) | (127.4) | (140.6) |
| Total shareholders' equity | 8406.9 | 8118.6 | 7705.3 |
| Noncontrolling interest | 22.8 | 23.9 | 25.1 |
| Total equity | $8429.7 | $8142.5 | $7730.4 |
| Total liabilities and equity | $16974.7 | $17104.8 | $14216.4 |

---

*The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.*

------

**VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES**

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *Unaudited* | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions, except per share data* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Total revenues | $2102.4 | $2014.4 | $3737.0 | $3560.1 |
| Cost of revenues | (1477.2) | (1422.2) | (2746.5) | (2662.9) |
| Gross profit | 625.2 | 592.2 | 990.5 | 897.2 |
| Selling, administrative and general expenses | (144.5) | (134.1) | (282.7) | (263.8) |
| Gain on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses | 1.2 | 3.8 | 8.6 | 4.4 |
| Other operating expense, net | (10.9) | (8.3) | (19.0) | (11.3) |
| Operating earnings | 471.0 | 453.6 | 697.4 | 626.5 |
| Other nonoperating income (expense), net | 2.4 | (8.7) | (0.2) | (8.9) |
| Interest expense, net | (59.2) | (40.2) | (118.9) | (79.3) |
| Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | 414.2 | 404.7 | 578.3 | 538.3 |
| Income tax expense | (91.3) | (94.4) | (125.0) | (123.4) |
| Earnings from continuing operations | 322.9 | 310.3 | 453.3 | 414.9 |
| Loss on discontinued operations, net of tax | (2.1) | (2.0) | (3.1) | (3.7) |
| Net earnings | 320.8 | 308.3 | 450.2 | 411.2 |
| (Earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | 0.1 | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.6) |
| Net earnings attributable to Vulcan | $320.9 | $308.0 | $449.8 | $410.6 |
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of accumulated cash flow hedge losses | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of accumulated benefit plan costs | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 2.4 |
| Other comprehensive income | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 3.2 |
| Comprehensive income | 322.3 | 309.9 | 453.1 | 414.4 |
| Comprehensive (earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | 0.1 | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.6) |
| Comprehensive income attributable to Vulcan | $322.4 | $309.6 | $452.7 | $413.8 |
| Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Vulcan |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Continuing operations | $2.44 | $2.34 | $3.42 | $3.13 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Discontinued operations | (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.03) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net earnings | $2.43 | $2.33 | $3.40 | $3.10 |
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Vulcan |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Continuing operations | $2.43 | $2.33 | $3.41 | $3.11 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Discontinued operations | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.03) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net earnings | $2.42 | $2.31 | $3.38 | $3.08 |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 132.2 | 132.4 | 132.3 | 132.4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Assuming dilution | 132.9 | 133.1 | 132.9 | 133.1 |
| Effective tax rate from continuing operations | 22.0% | 23.3% | 21.6% | 22.9% |

---

*The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.*

------

**VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES**

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *Unaudited* | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Operating Activities** |  |  |
| Net earnings | $450.2 | $411.2 |
| Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization | 371.8 | 307.7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Noncash operating lease expense | 26.7 | 25.7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net gain on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses | (8.6) | (4.4) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contributions to pension plans | (3.4) | (3.4) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation expense | 33.0 | 24.5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred income taxes, net | (11.3) | (18.5) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in assets and liabilities before initial effects of business acquisitions and dispositions | (273.0) | (375.8) |
| Other, net | 7.8 | 7.5 |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $593.2 | $374.5 |
| **Investing Activities** |  |  |
| Purchases of property, plant & equipment | (270.9) | (344.2) |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant & equipment | 19.2 | 3.6 |
| Proceeds from sale of businesses | 19.0 | 0.2 |
| Payment for businesses acquired, net of acquired cash and adjustments | (5.2) | (193.4) |
| Other, net | 1.0 | 0.0 |
| Net cash used for investing activities | $(236.9) | $(533.8) |
| **Financing Activities** |  |  |
| Proceeds from short-term debt | 0.0 | 103.0 |
| Payment of short-term debt | 0.0 | (8.0) |
| Payment of current maturities and long-term debt | (400.4) | (550.4) |
| Payment of finance leases | (5.8) | (7.0) |
| Purchases of common stock | (38.1) | (68.8) |
| Dividends paid | (130.7) | (122.8) |
| Share-based compensation, shares withheld for taxes | (29.3) | (24.3) |
| Distribution to noncontrolling interest | (1.5) | 0.0 |
| Other, net | (0.3) | 0.0 |
| Net cash used for financing activities | $(606.1) | $(678.3) |
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (249.8) | (837.6) |
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year | 600.8 | 949.2 |
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $351.0 | $111.6 |

---

*The accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.*

------

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

**NOTE 1: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**

**NATURE OF OPERATIONS** 

Vulcan Materials Company (the "Company," "Vulcan," "we," "our"), a New Jersey corporation, is the nation's largest supplier of construction aggregates (primarily crushed stone, sand and gravel) and a major producer of aggregates-intensive downstream products such as asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete.

We operate primarily in the United States, and our principal product — aggregates — is used in most types of public and private construction projects and in the production of asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete. Our primary focus is serving metropolitan markets in the United States that are expected to experience the most significant growth in population, households and employment. These three demographic factors are significant drivers of demand for aggregates. While aggregates is our focus and primary business, we produce and sell aggregates-intensive asphalt mix and/or ready-mixed concrete products in certain markets.

**BASIS OF PRESENTATION**

Our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in compliance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and thus do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for complete financial statements. We prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements on the same basis as our annual financial statements, except for the adoption of new accounting standards, if any, as described in <u>[Note 17](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_97)</u>. Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from the audited financial statement, but it does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. In the opinion of our management, the statements reflect all adjustments, including those of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the results of the reported interim periods. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Operating results for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025.

Our condensed consolidated financial statements reflect estimates and assumptions made by management that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The most significant estimates and assumptions included in the preparation of these financial statements are related to goodwill and long-lived asset impairments, business combinations and purchase price allocation, pension and other postretirement benefits, environmental compliance, claims and litigation including self-insurance, and income taxes (refer to the Critical Accounting Policies included in Item 7 of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K). Events that relate to conditions arising after June 30, 2025 will be reflected in management's estimates for future periods.

**NONCONTROLLING INTEREST**

We own an 88% controlling interest in the Orca Sand and Gravel Limited Partnership (Orca) which was formed to develop the Orca quarry in British Columbia, Canada. The remaining 12% noncontrolling interest is held by the Namgis First Nation (Namgis). This noncontrolling interest consists of the Namgis' share of the fair value equity in the partnership. Our condensed consolidated financial statements recognize the full fair value of all of the subsidiary's assets and liabilities offset by the noncontrolling interest in total equity.

**RESTRICTED CASH**

Restricted cash primarily consists of cash proceeds from the sale of property held in escrow for the acquisition of replacement property under like-kind exchange agreements. The escrow accounts are administered by an intermediary. Cash restricted pursuant to like-kind exchange agreements remains restricted for a maximum of 180 days from the date of the property sale pending the acquisition of replacement property. Restricted cash may also include cash reserved by other contractual agreements (such as asset purchase agreements) for a specified purpose and therefore is not available for use for other purposes. Restricted cash is included with cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

**INVENTORIES**

Inventories and supplies are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventories are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| Finished products | $574.4 | $534.6 | $514.2 |
| Raw materials | 57.8 | 69.7 | 58.8 |
| Products in process | 10.9 | 9.0 | 8.8 |
| Operating supplies and other | 82.4 | 68.5 | 68.5 |
| Total inventories | $725.5 | $681.8 | $650.3 |

---

------

**DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS**

In 2005, we sold substantially all the assets of our Chemicals business to a subsidiary of Occidental Chemical Corporation. The financial results of the Chemicals business are classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for all periods presented. Results from discontinued operations are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Pretax loss | $(2.8) | $(2.7) | $(4.1) | $(5.0) |
| Income tax benefit | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
| Loss on discontinued operations, net of tax | $(2.1) | $(2.0) | $(3.1) | $(3.7) |

---

Our discontinued operations include charges related to general and product liability costs, including legal defense costs, and environmental remediation costs associated with our former Chemicals business (including certain matters as discussed in <u>[Note 8](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_61)</u>). There were no revenues from discontinued operations for the periods presented.

**EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)**

Earnings per share are computed by dividing net earnings by the weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic EPS) or weighted-average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (diluted EPS), as set forth below:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 132.2 | 132.4 | 132.3 | 132.4 |
| Dilutive effect of |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-Only Stock Appreciation Rights | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other stock compensation awards | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution | 132.9 | 133.1 | 132.9 | 133.1 |

---

All dilutive common stock equivalents are reflected in our earnings per share calculations. In periods of loss, shares that otherwise would have been included in our diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding computation would be excluded.

Antidilutive common stock equivalents are not included in our earnings per share calculations. The number of antidilutive common stock equivalents for which the exercise price exceeds the weighted-average market price is as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Antidilutive common stock equivalents | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |

---

**RECLASSIFICATIONS**

Capitalized quarry development costs of $160.6 million and $168.3 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were reclassified from Other noncurrent assets to Other intangible assets, net in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet to conform to our current presentation.

------

**NOTE 2: LEASES**

Our portfolio of nonmineral leases is composed of leases for real estate (including office buildings, aggregates sales yards and terminals, and concrete and asphalt sites) and equipment (including railcars and rail track, barges, and office, plant and mobile equipment).

Lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and liabilities and the weighted-average lease terms and discount rates are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *dollars in millions* | *Classification on the Balance Sheet* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| **Assets** | **Assets** |  |  |  |
| Operating lease ROU assets |  | $700.4 | $673.2 | $646.9 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated amortization |  | (154.3) | (146.8) | (135.1) |
| Operating leases, net | Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 546.1 | 526.4 | 511.8 |
| Finance lease ROU assets |  | 52.2 | 54.7 | 59.0 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated depreciation |  | (25.8) | (24.3) | (22.2) |
| Finance leases, net | Property, plant & equipment, net | 26.4 | 30.4 | 36.8 |
| Total lease assets |  | $572.5 | $556.8 | $548.6 |
| **Liabilities** | **Liabilities** |  |  |  |
| Current | Current |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating | Other current liabilities | $51.0 | $49.3 | $47.9 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Finance | Other current liabilities | 9.2 | 10.7 | 11.7 |
| Noncurrent | Noncurrent |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating | Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 536.1 | 521.4 | 507.5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Finance | Other noncurrent liabilities | 5.7 | 9.7 | 13.6 |
| Total lease liabilities |  | $602.0 | $591.1 | $580.7 |
| **Lease Term and Discount Rate** | **Lease Term and Discount Rate** |  |  |  |
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Operating leases | &nbsp;&nbsp;Operating leases | 18.8 | 18.9 | 19.2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Finance leases | &nbsp;&nbsp;Finance leases | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.4 |
| Weighted-average discount rate | Weighted-average discount rate |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Operating leases | &nbsp;&nbsp;Operating leases | 4.7% | 4.5% | 4.4% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Finance leases | &nbsp;&nbsp;Finance leases | 3.5% | 3.2% | 2.9% |

---

Our lease agreements do not contain material residual value guarantees, restrictive covenants or early termination options. In addition to the lease assets and liabilities presented in the table above, we entered into an agreement to lease a terminal in California and expect to have all permits in place associated with all lease commencement options by the end of the current year.

The components of lease expense are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Finance lease cost |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation of right-of-use assets | $2.1 | $2.4 | $4.2 | $4.9 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest on lease liabilities | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Operating lease cost | 20.2 | 18.9 | 40.6 | 37.7 |
| Short-term lease cost <sup>1</sup> | 12.0 | 11.6 | 24.1 | 22.7 |
| Variable lease cost | 4.6 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 9.7 |
| Sublease income | (0.8) | (0.8) | (1.6) | (1.6) |
| Sale and leaseback gain | 0.0 | 0.0 | (4.6) | 0.0 |
| Total lease expense | $38.2 | $36.7 | $71.6 | $73.8 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*Includes the cost of leases with an initial term of one year or less (including those with terms of one month or less).* 

Cash paid for operating leases was $40.2 million and $36.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Cash paid for finance leases (principal and interest) was $6.1 million and $7.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

------

**NOTE 3: INCOME TAXES**

Our estimated annual effective tax rate (EAETR) is based on full-year expectations of pretax earnings, statutory tax rates and permanent differences between book and tax accounting such as percentage depletion. For interim financial reporting, we calculate our quarterly income tax provision in accordance with the EAETR. Each quarter, we update our EAETR based on our revised full-year expectation of pretax earnings and calculate the income tax provision so that the year-to-date income tax provision reflects the EAETR. Significant judgment is required in determining our EAETR. Certain taxes may be computed outside of the EAETR and recognized when the event occurs, such as payments of share-based awards and significant, unusual, or infrequently occurring events.

In the second quarter of 2025, we recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of $91.3 million compared to $94.4 million in the second quarter of 2024. The decrease in tax expense was primarily due to the release of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets of a Canadian subsidiary resulting from a restructuring completed in the second quarter of 2025, partially offset by an increase in pretax earnings.

For the first six months of 2025, we recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of $125.0 million compared to $123.4 million for the first six months of 2024. The increase in tax expense was primarily due to an increase in pretax earnings, partially offset by an increase in the statutory depletion deduction and the release of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets of a Canadian subsidiary.

As discussed in <u>[Note 8](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_61)</u>, in May 2022, Mexican government officials unexpectedly and arbitrarily shut down our Calica operations in Mexico. In 2024, Calica had deferred tax assets (including net operating losses) of $27.5 million against which we have a full valuation allowance recorded. In 2025, we project an $8.2 million increase in deferred tax assets against which we have recorded a valuation allowance. A majority of the deferred tax assets relate to a net operating loss (NOL) carryforward which would expire between 2032 and 2035 if not utilized. Should the Mexican government lift the shutdown and/or if we are successful in our North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) claim, we will reevaluate the need for a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets.

We project Alabama NOL carryforward deferred tax assets at December 31, 2025 of $57.6 million against which we have a valuation allowance of $42.7 million. We expect $7.4 million of the Alabama NOL carryforward to expire in 2025 resulting in a tax benefit of $0.7 million (recorded as a component of the EAETR) over the previous amount of valuation allowance recorded. Almost all of the Alabama NOL carryforward would expire between 2025 and 2029 if not utilized.

Subsequent to quarter end, in July 2025, President Trump signed into law H.R.1 - One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"). The OBBBA makes permanent key elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, including 100% bonus depreciation, domestic research cost expensing and an increased business interest expense limitation, as well as certain modifications to the international tax framework. Changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances are recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. Consequently, we are in the process of evaluating all deferred tax balances under the newly enacted tax law and other changes required to our financial statements as a result of the OBBBA. We anticipate an increase to our deferred tax liability and a reduction to income taxes payable, primarily related to the provisions for 100% bonus depreciation and full expensing of domestic research expenditures. We do not expect any material change to our effective tax rate as a result of the OBBBA.

A summary of our deferred tax assets and liabilities is included in Note 9 "Income Taxes" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

------

**NOTE 4: REVENUES**

Revenues are measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Sales taxes and other taxes we collect are recorded as liabilities until remitted and thus are excluded from revenues. Costs to obtain and fulfill contracts (primarily asphalt construction paving contracts) are immaterial and are expensed as incurred when the expected amortization period is one year or less.

Our segment total revenues by geographic market for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are disaggregated as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 | Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 |
| *in millions* | Aggregates | Asphalt | Concrete | Total |
| East revenues | $525.1 | $58.3 | $84.3 | $667.7 |
| Gulf Coast revenues | 853.3 | 91.0 | 1.8 | 946.1 |
| West revenues | 271.2 | 219.6 | 134.5 | 625.3 |
| Segment sales | $1649.6 | $368.9 | $220.6 | $2239.1 |
| Intersegment sales | (136.7) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (136.7) |
| Total revenues <sup>1</sup> | $1512.9 | $368.9 | $220.6 | $2102.4 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 | Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 | Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 | Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |
| *in millions* | Aggregates | Asphalt | Concrete | Total |
| East revenues | $461.7 | $63.0 | $82.4 | $607.1 |
| Gulf Coast revenues | 885.6 | 64.6 | 2.5 | 952.7 |
| West revenues | 266.2 | 223.6 | 82.4 | 572.2 |
| Segment sales | $1613.5 | $351.2 | $167.3 | $2132.0 |
| Intersegment sales | (117.6) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (117.6) |
| Total revenues <sup>1</sup> | $1495.9 | $351.2 | $167.3 | $2014.4 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 | Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 |
| *in millions* | Aggregates | Asphalt | Concrete | Total |
| East revenues | $920.8 | $82.6 | $154.7 | $1158.1 |
| Gulf Coast revenues | 1591.9 | 143.3 | 3.4 | 1738.6 |
| West revenues | 472.7 | 351.7 | 239.6 | 1064.0 |
| Segment sales | $2985.4 | $577.6 | $397.7 | $3960.7 |
| Intersegment sales | (223.7) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (223.7) |
| Total revenues <sup>1</sup> | $2761.7 | $577.6 | $397.7 | $3737.0 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 | Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 | Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 | Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 |
| *in millions* | Aggregates | Asphalt | Concrete | Total |
| East revenues | $800.6 | $85.7 | $158.3 | $1044.6 |
| Gulf Coast revenues | 1642.0 | 107.1 | 4.5 | 1753.6 |
| West revenues | 462.3 | 344.6 | 152.7 | 959.6 |
| Segment sales | $2904.9 | $537.4 | $315.5 | $3757.8 |
| Intersegment sales | (197.7) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (197.7) |
| Total revenues <sup>1</sup> | $2707.2 | $537.4 | $315.5 | $3560.1 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*The geographic markets are defined by states/countries as follows:*

*East market — Arkansas, Delaware, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and Washington D.C.*

*Gulf Coast market — Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Freeport (Bahamas), Puerto Cortés (Honduras) and Quintana Roo (Mexico)*

*West market — Arizona, California, Hawaii, New Mexico and British Columbia (Canada)* 

------

Total revenues are primarily derived from our product sales of aggregates (crushed stone, sand and gravel, sand and other aggregates), asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete, and include freight & delivery costs that we pass along to our customers to deliver these products. We also generate service revenues from our asphalt construction paving business and service revenues related to our aggregates business, such as landfill tipping fees. Our total service revenues were $87.9 million (4.2% of total revenues) and $70.2 million (3.5% of total revenues) for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $132.7 million (3.6% of total revenues) and $106.7 million (3.0% of total revenues) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Our products typically are sold to private industry and not directly to governmental entities. Although approximately 40% to 55% of our aggregates shipments have historically been used in publicly funded construction (such as highways, airports and government buildings), a relatively small portion of our sales are made directly to federal, state, county or municipal governments/agencies. Therefore, although reductions in state and federal funding can curtail publicly funded construction, the vast majority of our business is not directly subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts with local, state or federal governments.

**PRODUCT REVENUES**

Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with our customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs at a point in time when our aggregates, asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete are shipped/delivered and control passes to the customer. Revenue for our products is recorded at the fixed invoice amount, and payment is due by the 15<sup>th</sup> day of the following month. We do not offer discounts for early payment.

Freight & delivery generally represents pass-through transportation costs we incur (including our administrative costs) and pay to third-party carriers to deliver our products to customers and are accounted for as a fulfillment activity. Likewise, the costs related to freight & delivery are included in cost of revenues.

Freight & delivery revenues are as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Total revenues | $2102.4 | $2014.4 | $3737.0 | $3560.1 |
| Freight & delivery revenues <sup>1</sup> | (260.2) | (258.5) | (480.0) | (480.3) |
| Total revenues excluding freight & delivery | $1842.2 | $1755.9 | $3257.0 | $3079.8 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*Includes freight & delivery to remote distribution sites.*

**CONSTRUCTION PAVING SERVICE REVENUES**

Revenue from our asphalt construction paving business is recognized over time using the percentage-of-completion method under the cost approach. The percentage of completion is determined by costs incurred to date as a percentage of total costs estimated for the project. Under this approach, recognized contract revenue equals the total estimated contract revenue multiplied by the percentage of completion. Future revenues from unsatisfied performance obligations (including contracts with an expected duration of 1 year or less) at June 30, 2025 and 2024 were $320.4 million and $271.6 million, respectively. The remaining period to complete the obligations at June 30, 2025 ranged from 1 month to 42 months.

Our construction contracts are unit priced, and an account receivable is recorded for amounts invoiced based on actual units produced. Contract assets for estimated earnings in excess of billings, contract assets related to retainage provisions and contract liabilities for billings in excess of costs are immaterial. Variable consideration in our construction paving contracts is immaterial and consists of incentives and penalties based on the quality of work performed. Our construction paving contracts may contain warranty provisions covering defects in equipment, materials, design or workmanship that generally run from nine months to one year after project completion. Due to the nature of our construction paving projects, including contract owner inspections of the work during construction and prior to acceptance, we have not experienced material warranty costs for these short-term warranties.

**VOLUMETRIC PRODUCTION PAYMENT DEFERRED REVENUES**

In 2013 and 2012, we sold a percentage interest in certain future aggregates production for net cash proceeds of $226.9 million. These transactions, structured as volumetric production payments (VPPs):

▪ relate to eight quarries in Georgia and South Carolina

▪ provide the purchaser solely with a nonoperating percentage interest in the subject quarries' future aggregates production

▪ contain no minimum annual or cumulative guarantees by us for production or sales volume, nor minimum sales price

▪ are both volume and time limited

We are the exclusive sales agent for, and transmit quarterly to the purchaser the proceeds from the sale of, the purchaser's share of aggregates production. Our consolidated total revenues exclude the revenue from the sale of the purchaser's share of aggregates.

The proceeds we received from the sale of the percentage interest were recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet. We recognize revenue on a unit-of-sales basis (as we sell the purchaser's share of production) relative to the volume limitations of the transactions. Given the nature of the risks and potential rewards assumed by the buyer, the transactions do not reflect financing activities.

------

Changes in our deferred revenue balances (current and noncurrent) are as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Deferred revenue balance at beginning of period | $143.7 | $151.1 | $145.3 | $152.8 |
| Revenue recognized from deferred revenue | (1.9) | (2.2) | (3.5) | (3.9) |
| Deferred revenue balance at end of period | $141.8 | $148.9 | $141.8 | $148.9 |

---

Based on expected sales from the specified quarries, we expect to recognize $7.5 million of VPP deferred revenue as income during the twelve-month period ending June 30, 2026 (reflected in other current liabilities in our June 30, 2025 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet).

**NOTE 5: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS**

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels as described below:

**Level 1:** Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

**Level 2:** Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data

**Level 3:** Inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement

Our assets subject to fair value measurement on a recurring basis are summarized below:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| **Level 1 Fair Value** |  |  |  |
| Rabbi Trust |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Mutual funds | $39.4 | $31.1 | $31.5 |
| Total | $39.4 | $31.1 | $31.5 |
| **Level 2 Fair Value** |  |  |  |
| Rabbi Trust |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Money market mutual fund | $1.9 | $0.3 | $0.8 |
| Total | $1.9 | $0.3 | $0.8 |

---

We have two Rabbi Trusts for the purpose of providing a level of security for the employee nonqualified retirement and deferred compensation plans and for the directors' nonqualified deferred compensation plans. The fair values of these investments are estimated using a market approach. The Level 1 investments include mutual funds for which quoted prices in active markets are available. Level 2 investments are stated at estimated fair value based on the underlying investments in the fund (high-quality, short-term, U.S. dollar-denominated money market instruments).

Net gains of the Rabbi Trusts' investments were $1.5 million and $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The portions of the net gains related to investments still held by the Rabbi Trusts at June 30, 2025 and 2024 were a loss of $1.9 million and a gain of $0.9 million, respectively.

The carrying values of our cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts and notes receivable, short-term debt, trade payables and accruals, and all other current liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Additional disclosures for derivative instruments and interest-bearing debt are presented in <u>[Note 6](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_55)</u> and <u>[Note 7](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_58)</u>, respectively.

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**NOTE 6: DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS**

During the normal course of operations, we are exposed to market risks including interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. From time to time, we use derivative instruments to balance the cost and risk of such expenses. We do not use derivative instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

In prior periods, we entered into interest rate locks of future debt issuances to hedge the risk of higher interest rates. These interest rate locks were designated as cash flow hedges. The gain/loss upon settlement of these cash flow hedges is deferred (recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI)) and amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt.

This amortization was reflected in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as follows:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | *Income Statement<br>Location* | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | *Income Statement<br>Location* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Cash Flow Hedges** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Loss reclassified from AOCI | Interest expense | $(0.6) | $(0.6) | $(1.2) | $(1.1) |

---

For the twelve-month period ending June 30, 2026, we estimate that $2.4 million of the $16.8 million net of tax loss in AOCI will be reclassified to interest expense.

**NOTE 7: DEBT**

Debt is detailed as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | *Effective<br>Interest Rates* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| Bank line of credit expires 2029 |  | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Commercial paper expires 2029 |  | 550.0 | 0.0 | 95.0 |
| Total short-term debt |  | $550 | $0 | $95 |
| Bank line of credit expires 2029 <sup>1</sup> |  | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Commercial paper expires 2029 <sup>1</sup> |  | 0.0 | 550.0 | 550.0 |
| 4.50% notes due 2025 |  | 0.0 | 400.0 | 400.0 |
| 3.90% notes due 2027 | *4.00%* | 400.0 | 400.0 | 400.0 |
| 4.95% notes due 2029 | *5.17%* | 500.0 | 500.0 | 0.0 |
| 3.50% notes due 2030 | *3.94%* | 750.0 | 750.0 | 750.0 |
| 5.35% notes due 2034 | *5.48%* | 750.0 | 750.0 | 0.0 |
| 7.15% notes due 2037 | *8.05%* | 129.2 | 129.2 | 129.2 |
| 4.50% notes due 2047 | *4.59%* | 700.0 | 700.0 | 700.0 |
| 4.70% notes due 2048 | *5.42%* | 460.9 | 460.9 | 460.9 |
| 5.70% notes due 2054 | *5.82%* | 750.0 | 750.0 | 0.0 |
| Other notes |  | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Total long-term debt - face value |  | $4440.7 | $5391.1 | $3391.1 |
| Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs |  | (81.0) | (83.7) | (58.9) |
| Total long-term debt - book value |  | $4359.7 | $5307.4 | $3332.2 |
| Current maturities |  | (0.5) | (400.5) | (0.5) |
| Total long-term debt - reported value |  | $4359.2 | $4906.9 | $3331.7 |
| Estimated fair value of long-term debt |  | $4280.8 | $4762.6 | $3158.6 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*Borrowings on the bank line of credit and commercial paper are classified as long-term if we have the intent and ability to extend payment beyond twelve months.*

Discounts and debt issuance costs are amortized using the effective interest method over the terms of the respective notes resulting in $2.6 million and $4.5 million of net interest expense for these items for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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**LINE OF CREDIT AND COMMERCIAL PAPER PROGRAM**

Our $1,600.0 million unsecured commercial paper program was established in August 2022 and matures in November 2029. Our commercial paper is fully back-stopped by our line of credit and contains covenants customary for an unsecured investment-grade facility. As of June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with the commercial paper covenants. Commercial paper borrowings bear interest at rates determined at the time of borrowing and as agreed between us and the commercial paper investors. As of June 30, 2025, we had $550.0 million in commercial paper borrowings with a 4.66% effective interest rate.

Our $1,600.0 million unsecured line of credit was amended in November 2024 to extend the maturity date from August 2027 to November 2029. Our line of credit contains covenants customary for an unsecured investment-grade facility. As of June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with the line of credit covenants. Borrowings on the line of credit bear interest, at our option, at either SOFR plus a margin or Truist Bank's base rate plus a margin. The margins are determined by our credit ratings. Standby letters of credit, which are issued under the line of credit and reduce availability, are charged a fee equal to the margin for SOFR borrowings plus 0.175%. We also pay a commitment fee on the daily average unused amount of the line of credit that ranges from 0.090% to 0.225% determined by our credit ratings. As of June 30, 2025, the margin for SOFR borrowings was 1.125%, the margin for base rate borrowings was 0.125% and the commitment fee for the unused amount was 0.100%.

As of June 30, 2025, our available borrowing capacity under the line of credit was $1,575.3 million. Utilization of the borrowing capacity was as follows:

▪ None was borrowed

▪ $24.7 million was used to support standby letters of credit

**TERM DEBT**

All of our $4,440.7 million (face value) of term debt is unsecured. All of the covenants in the debt agreements are customary for investment-grade facilities. As of June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with all term debt covenants.

In November 2024, we issued $500.0 million of 4.95% senior notes due 2029, $750.0 million of 5.35% senior notes due 2034 and $750.0 million of 5.70% senior notes due 2054. Total proceeds of $1,975.0 million (net of discounts and transaction costs), together with cash on hand, were used to provide liquidity for acquisitions in 2024 and debt maturing in 2025.

In March 2025, we redeemed the $400.0 million senior notes due April 2025 using cash on hand.

**STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT**

We provide, in the normal course of business, certain third-party beneficiaries with standby letters of credit to support our obligations to pay or perform according to the requirements of an underlying agreement. Such letters of credit typically have an initial term of one year, renew automatically and can only be modified or canceled with the approval of the beneficiary. Except for $5.9 million of letters of credit related to acquisitions completed in 2024, our standby letters of credit are issued by banks that participate in our $1,600.0 million line of credit and reduce the borrowing capacity thereunder. Our standby letters of credit as of June 30, 2025 are summarized by purpose in the table below:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| *in millions* |  |
| Risk management insurance | $9.8 |
| Reclamation/restoration requirements | 20.8 |
| Total standby letters of credit | $30.6 |

---

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**NOTE 8: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES** 

Certain of our aggregates reserves are burdened by volumetric production payments (nonoperating interest) as described in <u>[Note 4](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_43)</u>. As the holder of the operating interest, we have responsibility to bear the cost of mining and producing the reserves attributable to this nonoperating interest.

As stated in <u>[Note 2](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_31)</u>, our lease liabilities totaled $602.0 million as of June 30, 2025.

As summarized by purpose in <u>[Note 7](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_58)</u>, our standby letters of credit totaled $30.6 million as of June 30, 2025.

As described in <u>[Note 9](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_64)</u>, our asset retirement obligations totaled $447.8 million as of June 30, 2025.

**LITIGATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS**

We are subject to occasional governmental proceedings and orders pertaining to occupational safety and health or to protection of the environment, such as proceedings or orders relating to noise abatement, air emissions or water discharges. As part of our continuing program of stewardship in safety, health and environmental matters, we have been able to resolve such proceedings and to comply with such orders without any material adverse effects on our business.

We have received notices from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or similar state or local agencies that we are considered a potentially responsible party (PRP) at a limited number of sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) or similar state and local environmental laws. Generally, we share the cost of remediation at these sites with other PRPs or alleged PRPs in accordance with negotiated or prescribed allocations. There is inherent uncertainty in determining the potential cost of remediating a given site and in determining any individual party's share in that cost. As a result, estimates can change substantially as additional information becomes available regarding the nature or extent of site contamination, remediation methods, other PRPs and their probable level of involvement, and actions by or against governmental agencies or private parties.

We have reviewed the nature and extent of our involvement at each Superfund site, as well as potential obligations arising under other federal, state and local environmental laws. While ultimate resolution and financial liability is uncertain at a number of the sites, in our opinion, based on information currently available, the ultimate resolution of claims and assessments related to these sites will not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows, although amounts recorded in a given period could be material to our results of operations or cash flows for that period. Amounts accrued for environmental matters (measured on an undiscounted basis) are presented below:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| Continuing operations | $47.5 | $47.9 | $33.7 |
| Retained from former Chemicals business | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 |
| Total accrued environmental remediation costs | $55.8 | $56.2 | $42.0 |

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We are a defendant in various lawsuits in the ordinary course of business. It is not possible to determine with precision the outcome, or the amount of liability, if any, under these lawsuits, especially where the cases involve possible jury trials with as yet undetermined jury panels.

In addition to these lawsuits in which we are involved in the ordinary course of business, certain other material legal proceedings are more specifically described below:

▪ LOWER PASSAIC RIVER STUDY AREA (DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS and SUPERFUND SITE) — The Lower Passaic River Study Area is part of the Diamond Shamrock Superfund Site in New Jersey. Vulcan and approximately 70 other companies are parties (collectively the Cooperating Parties Group, CPG) to a May 2007 Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) with the EPA to perform a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (draft RI/FS) of the lower 17 miles of the Passaic River (River). The draft RI/FS was submitted recommending a targeted hot spot remedy; however, the EPA issued a record of decision (ROD) in March 2016 that calls for a bank-to-bank dredging remedy for the lower 8 miles of the River. The EPA estimates that the cost of implementing this proposal is $1.38 billion. In September 2016, the EPA entered into an Administrative Settlement Agreement and Order on Consent with Occidental Chemical Corporation (Occidental) in which Occidental agreed to undertake the remedial design for this bank-to-bank dredging remedy and to reimburse the United States for certain response costs.

Efforts to investigate and remediate the River have been underway for many years and have involved hundreds of entities that have had operations on or near the River at some point during the past several decades. We formerly owned a chemicals operation near the mouth of the River, which was sold in 1974. The major risk drivers in the River have been identified to include dioxins, PCBs, DDx and mercury. We did not manufacture any of these risk drivers and have no evidence that any of these were discharged into the River by Vulcan.

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In August 2017, the EPA informed certain members of the CPG, including Vulcan and others, that it planned to use the services of a third-party allocator with the expectation of offering cash-out settlements to some parties in connection with the bank-to-bank remedy identified in the ROD. This voluntary allocation process established an impartial third-party expert recommendation for use by the government and the participants as the basis of possible settlements, including settlements related to future remediation actions. The final allocation recommendations, which are subject to confidentiality provisions, were submitted to the EPA for its review and consideration in late December 2020. Certain PRPs, including Vulcan, thereafter received a joint confidential settlement demand from the EPA/Department of Justice (DOJ). Vulcan and certain of the other PRPs that received the joint confidential settlement demand (the Settling Defendants) reached an agreement to settle with the EPA/DOJ and negotiated a Consent Decree. The court granted the motion to enter the Consent Decree in December 2024. Occidental thereafter filed an appeal challenging the entry of the Consent Decree. The appeal remains pending. Vulcan's portion of the settlement is within the immaterial loss recorded for this matter in 2015.

In July 2018, Vulcan, along with more than 100 other defendants, was sued by Occidental in United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, Newark Vicinage. Occidental is seeking cost recovery and contribution under CERCLA for costs related to the River. This lawsuit is currently stayed. In another related proceeding, Occidental filed a lawsuit in March 2023 against Vulcan and 39 other defendants in United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, Newark Vicinage seeking cost recovery and contribution under CERCLA for costs related to the upper 9 miles of the River. It is unknown at this time how the settlement and approval of the Consent Decree with the EPA/DOJ would affect the Occidental lawsuits.

▪ TEXAS BRINE MATTER (DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS) — During operation of its former Chemicals Division, Vulcan leased the right to mine salt out of an underground salt dome formation in Assumption Parish, Louisiana from 1976 - 2005. Throughout that period, Texas Brine Company (Texas Brine) was the operator contracted by Vulcan to mine and deliver the salt as brine. We sold our Chemicals Division in 2005 and transferred our rights and interests related to the salt and mining operations to the purchaser, a subsidiary of Occidental Chemical Company (Occidental), and we have had no association with the leased premises or Texas Brine since that time. In August 2012, a sinkhole developed in the vicinity of the Texas Brine mining operations. Numerous lawsuits were filed thereafter in state court in Assumption Parish, Louisiana. Other lawsuits, including class action litigation, were filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana in New Orleans.

In these lawsuits, the main plaintiffs sued numerous defendants, including Texas Brine, Occidental and Vulcan, alleging various damages including, but not limited to, property damages; a claim by the State of Louisiana for response costs and civil penalties; physical damages to oil and gas pipelines and storage facilities (pipelines); and business interruption losses. All such claims have been settled except for the claims by the State of Louisiana. Our insurers to date have funded these settlements in excess of our self-insured retention amount.

Additionally, Texas Brine, Occidental and Vulcan sued each other in various state and federal court forums. Vulcan and Occidental have since dismissed all of their claims against one another; Texas Brine and Occidental have settled their claims against each other; and Texas Brine's and Vulcan's claims against each other are pending in state and federal court. In general, Texas Brine alleges that the sinkhole was caused, in whole or in part, by our negligent or fraudulent actions or failure to act; that we breached the salt lease with Occidental, as well as an operating agreement and related contracts with Texas Brine; that we were strictly liable for certain property damages in our capacity as a former lessee of the salt lease; and that we violated the agreement under which we sold our Chemicals Division to Occidental. Texas Brine's claims against Vulcan include claims for past and future response costs, lost profits and investment costs, indemnity payments, attorneys' fees, other litigation costs, and judicial interests. Texas Brine also recently filed a lawsuit against Vulcan seeking indemnity for potential exposure Texas Brine may have to Occidental in the related arbitration, the State of Louisiana, and for ongoing and future Louisiana regulatory matters. In August 2022, we removed the lawsuit to federal court.

The state court held a joint bench trial (judge only) in 2017 in three cases brought by pipeline companies claiming damages to their facilities as a result of the sinkhole. This "Phase 1" trial was limited in scope to comparative fault and liability for causing the sinkhole. In December 2017, the trial court issued a ruling allocating fault as follows: Occidental 50%, Texas Brine (and its wholly-owned subsidiary) 35% and Vulcan 15%. In December 2020, the Louisiana Court of Appeal, First Circuit reversed the judgment in part in one of the three jointly tried cases, allocating 55% of the fault to Texas Brine (and its wholly-owned subsidiary); 30% to Occidental; and affirming the 15% fault allocation to Vulcan. In May 2021 and April 2022, the Court of Appeal issued judgments in the other two pipeline cases, adopting the same fault allocation. The Louisiana Supreme Court has declined to review the judgments, resulting in final judgments regarding fault allocations in those matters.

In August 2022, Vulcan and Texas Brine commenced a joint "Phase 2" bench trial in the same three pipeline cases where fault was allocated. Prior to trial, the trial court granted various motions by Vulcan seeking dismissal of Texas Brine's contract-based claims and hundreds of millions of dollars in alleged damages. Thus, the Phase 2 trial addressed the claims that remained pending between Texas Brine and Vulcan after that motion practice. During the Phase 2 trial, Texas Brine and Vulcan reached a negotiated joint stipulation as to the amount of Texas Brine's damages for its surviving tort claims at issue in the trial. In December 2022, the trial court entered a judgment in the pipeline cases reflecting this stipulation.

The December 2022 Phase 2 judgment did not address numerous of Texas Brine's claims seeking hundreds of millions of dollars in damages that were dismissed prior to trial. Texas Brine appealed those judgments. In December 2024, the Court of Appeal affirmed dismissal of most of those damage claims, but remanded the dispute to the District Court for further proceedings based on an indemnity claim under one of the agreements. That decision is now final, following writ denials from the Louisiana Supreme Court. Vulcan and Texas Brine are pursuing court-sponsored mediation in an attempt to bring all remaining disputed matters between them to final resolution, failing which a trial is contemplated for early fall. The estimated loss from Texas Brine's remaining claim and the State of Louisiana's potential claims is within the range of the immaterial loss previously recorded in the second quarter of 2022.

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▪ 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE LITIGATION (DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS) — During the operation of our former Chemicals Division, which was divested to Occidental in 2005, Vulcan manufactured a chlorinated solvent known as 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Vulcan faces liabilities related to 1,1,1-trichloroethane stabilized with 1,4-dioxane ("TCA"). We are one of the defendants in cases filed in both state and federal courts, including one case filed by the State of New Jersey. According to the various complaints, the plaintiffs seek damages including, but not limited to, unspecified compensatory damages associated with the remediation of water wells allegedly contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, natural resource damages, disgorgement of profits from the sale of TCA, punitive damages, as well as penalties and attorney's fees under various statutes. We will vigorously defend these cases on substantive and procedural grounds. At this time, we cannot determine the likelihood of loss, or reasonably estimate a range of loss, if any, pertaining to the above-referenced cases.

▪ HEWITT LANDFILL MATTER (SUPERFUND SITE) — In September 2015, the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) issued a Cleanup and Abatement Order directing Calmat Co., a Vulcan subsidiary (hereinafter Vulcan) to assess, monitor, cleanup, and abate wastes that have been discharged to soil, soil vapor, and/or groundwater at the former Hewitt Landfill in Los Angeles.

Following an onsite and offsite investigation and pilot scale testing, the RWQCB approved a corrective action under a Cleanup and Abatement Order (CAO) to include leachate recovery, storm water capture and conveyance improvements, and a groundwater pump, treat and reinjection system. Certain on-site source control measures have been implemented, and the treatment system is fully operational. In October 2024, the RWQCB made a request under the CAO for a work plan to install additional monitoring wells and optimize and expand the existing on-site remediation system. This request complements expansion discussions with the EPA and other stakeholders, as part of an anticipated Alternative Design Plan (ADP). Currently-anticipated costs of these on-site source control activities, including those associated with this work plan, have been fully accrued.

We are also engaged in an ongoing dialogue with the EPA, Honeywell, and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) regarding the potential contribution of the Hewitt Landfill to groundwater contamination in the North Hollywood Operable Unit (NHOU) of the San Fernando Valley Superfund Site.

The EPA and Vulcan entered into an AOC and Statement of Work having an effective date of September 2017 for the design of two extraction wells south of the Hewitt Landfill to protect the North Hollywood West (NHW) well field located within the NHOU. In November 2017, we submitted a Pre-Design Investigation (PDI) Work Plan to the EPA, which sets forth the activities and schedule for collection of data in support of our evaluation of the need for an offsite remedy. In addition, this evaluation was expanded as part of the PDI to include the evaluation of a remedy in light of LADWP's Rinaldi-Toluca (RT) wellfield project. PDI investigative activities were completed between the first and third quarters of 2018, and in December 2018 we submitted a Draft PDI Evaluation Report to the EPA. The Draft PDI Evaluation Report summarizes data collection activities conducted pursuant to the Draft PDI Work Plan and provides model updates and evaluation of remediation alternatives for offsite areas. The EPA provided a final set of comments to the Draft PDI Evaluation Report in October 2020. The final set of comments included a request that Vulcan revise and develop a final PDI Evaluation Report. The final comments further provided a proposal for an alternative approach for offsite remediation (as opposed to installation of offsite extraction wells) and development of a Supplemental PDI Evaluation Report (Supplemental Report) that would require the EPA to modify the remedy in the record of decision as it relates to the Hewitt Landfill. In December 2020, we submitted the Final PDI Evaluation Report, which included responses to the EPA's comments.

At the EPA's request, we submitted a draft Supplemental Report in March 2023 and a draft Alternative Design Work Plan (ADWP) in May 2023. Similar to the PDI Evaluation Report, the draft Supplemental Report and draft ADWP identified expansion of the onsite Hewitt remedy in conjunction with the offsite treatment being performed by LADWP as the preferred option for addressing contamination in offsite areas, instead of the two wells proposed by the EPA. In conjunction with its review of the draft Supplemental Report, the EPA held an initial meeting with stakeholders, including LADWP, in November 2023. Since that time, Vulcan has participated in several additional meetings and responded to several rounds of comments. After receiving final comments from the LADWP, EPA and the RWQCB, Vulcan submitted a final Supplemental Report to the EPA in April 2025 and an ADWP in June 2025. The EPA has requested additional information related to the ADWP, which Vulcan anticipates providing in the third quarter of 2025.

In December 2019, Honeywell agreed with LADWP to build a water treatment system (often referred to as the Cooperative Containment Concept or CCC or the second interim remedy) that will provide treated groundwater in the NHOU to LADWP for public water supply purposes. Honeywell contends that some of the contamination to be remediated by the treatment system it is building originated from the Hewitt Landfill and that Vulcan should fund some portion of the costs that Honeywell has incurred and will incur in developing and implementing the second interim remedy. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed a partial settlement with Honeywell related to certain costs that Honeywell has incurred for an immaterial amount. In March 2023, Honeywell filed a lawsuit against Vulcan and a third party alleging that Honeywell has incurred more than $11 million in costs to resolve its liability to the EPA and that it estimates that it will spend in excess of $100 million to construct and operate its water treatment system. Honeywell seeks an "equitable share of necessary response costs" from Vulcan and the third party, which claims indemnity from Vulcan. The Court stayed the lawsuit until February 2025, and Vulcan has since answered the lawsuit in the first quarter of 2025. Vulcan remains in discussions with Honeywell regarding the reasonable costs Honeywell has incurred. We are also gathering and analyzing data and developing technical information to determine the extent of possible contribution by the Hewitt Landfill to the groundwater contamination in the area. Based on this technical information and recent settlement discussions, we have accrued an immaterial amount for our contribution of costs anticipated to be incurred by Honeywell. This work is also intended to assist in identification of other PRPs that may have contributed to groundwater contamination in the area.

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Further, LADWP is constructing two new production and treatment facilities at city wellfields located near the Hewitt Landfill — the NHW wellfield and the RT wellfield (also referred to as the NHW treatment system and North Hollywood Central (NHC) treatment system, respectively). LADWP has alleged that the Hewitt Landfill is one of the primary sources of contamination at the NHW treatment system and one of the sources of contamination at the NHC treatment system. According to information available on the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) website, the capital cost of the NHW treatment system is estimated at $92 million, and the capital cost of the NHC treatment system is estimated at $245 million. LADWP initially started operation of the NHW treatment system in the third quarter of 2024 but subsequently discontinued startup. Currently, LADWP plans to re-commence operation in late 2025. Both systems will incur costs for operation and maintenance. LADWP has applied for and received substantial funding to contribute to both treatment systems from grants of Proposition 1 bond funding from the SWRCB. According to information available on the SWRCB website, the bond money obtained for the NHW treatment system is $46 million, and the bond money obtained for the NHC treatment system is $95 million.

We anticipate continued discussions with LADWP regarding its potential claims. In conjunction with those discussions, we are engaging in further efforts to gather and analyze records and data in order to assess the extent of possible contribution by the Hewitt Landfill to the groundwater contamination in the area, consistent with the parallel request by the EPA, and the reasonableness of LADWP's remediation efforts. This work is also intended to assist in identification of other PRPs that may have contributed to groundwater contamination in the area of the NHW and RT wellfields. Together, these efforts will allow us to analyze our anticipated equitable contribution to LADWP's remediation efforts. Among other factors, we anticipate that any equitable contribution should take into account the on-site source control and other measures implemented by Vulcan at the former Hewitt Landfill, the relative contribution and duration of any contaminants originating from the Hewitt Landfill to the LADWP systems, and the cost effectiveness of the LADWP systems. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of a loss to Vulcan pertaining to LADWP's potential contribution claim.

▪ NAFTA ARBITRATION — In September 2018, our subsidiary Legacy Vulcan, LLC (Legacy Vulcan), on its own behalf, and on behalf of our Mexican subsidiary Calizas Industriales del Carmen, S.A. de C.V. (Calica), served the United Mexican States (Mexico) a Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This NAFTA claim relates to the treatment of a portion of our quarrying operations in Quintana Roo, Mexico arising from, among other measures, Mexico's failure to comply with a legally binding zoning agreement and relates to other unfair, arbitrary and capricious actions by Mexico's environmental enforcement agency. We assert that these actions are in breach of Mexico's international obligations under NAFTA and international law.

As required by Article 1118 of NAFTA, we sought to settle this dispute with Mexico through consultations. Notwithstanding our good faith efforts to resolve the dispute amicably, we were unable to do so and filed a Request for Arbitration with the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in December 2018. In January 2019, ICSID registered our Request for Arbitration.

A hearing on the merits took place in July 2021. While we awaited the final resolution from the tribunal, we continued to engage with government officials to pursue an amicable resolution of the dispute. On May 5, 2022, Mexican government officials unexpectedly and arbitrarily shut down Calica's remaining operations in Mexico. On May 8, 2022, Legacy Vulcan filed an application in the NAFTA arbitration seeking provisional measures and leave to file an ancillary claim in connection with this latest shutdown (see <u>[Part I, Item 2 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations"](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_100)</u> under the caption "Known Trends or Uncertainties"). In July 2022, the NAFTA arbitration tribunal granted Legacy Vulcan's application and ordered Mexico not to take any action that might further aggravate the dispute between the parties or render the resolution of the dispute potentially more difficult. A hearing on the merits of the ancillary claim took place in August 2023. We expect that the NAFTA arbitration tribunal will issue a decision on the claim and ancillary claim during 2025.

At this time, there can be no assurance whether we will be successful in our NAFTA claim and ancillary claim, and we cannot quantify the amount we may recover, if any, under this arbitration proceeding if we are successful.

It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these and other legal proceedings in which we are involved, and a number of factors, including developments in ongoing discovery or adverse rulings, or the verdict of a particular jury, could cause actual losses to differ materially from accrued costs. No liability was recorded for claims and litigation for which a loss was determined to be only reasonably possible or for which a loss could not be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in defense of lawsuits are expensed as incurred. In addition, losses on certain claims and litigation described above may be subject to limitations on a per occurrence basis by excess insurance, as described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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**NOTE 9: ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS**

Asset retirement obligations (AROs) are legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets resulting from the acquisition, construction, development and/or normal use of the underlying assets, including legal obligations for land reclamation. Recognition of a liability for an ARO is required in the period in which it is incurred at its estimated fair value. The associated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the underlying asset and depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset. The ARO liability is accreted through charges to operating expenses. If the ARO liability is settled for a value other than the carrying amount of the liability, we recognize a gain or loss on settlement.

ARO operating costs related to accretion of the liabilities and depreciation of the assets are as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Accretion | $4.8 | $3.6 | $9.0 | $7.1 |
| Depreciation | 4.0 | 2.8 | 8.0 | 5.2 |
| Total ARO operating costs | $8.8 | $6.4 | $17.0 | $12.3 |

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ARO operating costs are reported in cost of revenues. ARO liabilities are reported within other noncurrent liabilities in our accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Reconciliations of the carrying amounts of our ARO liabilities are as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| ARO liability balance at beginning of period | $429.5 | $325.7 | $427.4 | $324.1 |
| Liabilities incurred | 18.2 | 0.8 | 23.2 | 0.8 |
| Liabilities settled <sup>1</sup> | (4.7) | (3.0) | (11.6) | (4.8) |
| Accretion expense | 4.8 | 3.6 | 9.0 | 7.1 |
| Revisions, net  | 0.0 | 7.0 | (0.2) | 6.9 |
| ARO liability balance at end of period | $447.8 | $334.1 | $447.8 | $334.1 |

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<sup>1</sup>*Includes $1.0 million of noncash settlements related to business dispositions in 2025.* 

The increase in ARO liabilities from the prior year primarily relates to acquisitions completed in 2024 (see <u>[Note 16](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_85)</u>) and cost adjustments for a number of aggregates properties in California that are being reclaimed for alternative uses post mining.

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**NOTE 10: BENEFIT PLANS**

**PENSION PLANS**

We sponsor two qualified, noncontributory defined benefit pension plans, the Vulcan Materials Company Pension Plan (VMC Pension Plan) and the CMG Hourly Pension Plan (CMG Pension Plan). The VMC Pension Plan has been closed to new entrants since 2007, and benefit accruals ceased in 2005 for hourly participants and in 2013 for salaried participants. The CMG Pension Plan is closed to new entrants other than through one small union, and benefits continue to accrue equal to a flat dollar amount for each year of service. In addition to these qualified plans, we sponsor three unfunded, nonqualified pension plans.

The following table sets forth the components of net periodic pension benefit cost:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Service cost | $0.4 | $0.7 | $0.9 | $1.4 |
| Interest cost | 8.3 | 8.2 | 16.6 | 16.4 |
| Expected return on plan assets | (8.0) | (7.1) | (15.8) | (14.1) |
| Amortization of prior service cost | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| Amortization of actuarial loss | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Net periodic pension benefit cost | $2.0 | $3.3 | $4.2 | $6.7 |
| Pretax amortization from AOCI | $1.3 | $1.5 | $2.5 | $3.0 |

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The contributions to pension plans for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, as reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, pertain to benefit payments under nonqualified plans for both periods and a qualified plan contribution of $1.3 million in the second quarter of 2025. We anticipate making total contributions of $9.6 million to our qualified pension plans in 2025.

**POSTRETIREMENT PLANS**

In addition to pension benefits, we provide certain healthcare and life insurance benefits for some retired employees. Substantially all of our salaried employees and, where applicable, certain of our hourly employees may become eligible for these benefits if they reach a qualifying age and meet certain service requirements. Generally, Company-provided healthcare benefits end when covered individuals become eligible for Medicare benefits, become eligible for other group insurance coverage or reach age 65 (whichever occurs first).

The following table sets forth the components of net periodic other postretirement benefit cost:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Service cost | $0.6 | $0.6 | $1.1 | $1.2 |
| Interest cost | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Amortization of prior service cost | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Amortization of actuarial gain | (0.2) | (0.2) | (0.4) | (0.4) |
| Net periodic postretirement benefit cost | $1.3 | $1.3 | $2.5 | $2.6 |
| Pretax amortization from AOCI | $0.1 | $0.2 | $0.3 | $0.3 |

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**DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS**

In addition to our pension and postretirement plans, we sponsor six defined contribution plans. Substantially all salaried and non-union hourly employees are eligible to be covered by one of these plans. Under these plans, we match employees' eligible contributions at established rates. Expense recognized in connection with these matching obligations totaled $39.6 million and $48.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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**NOTE 11: OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME**

Comprehensive income comprises two subsets: net earnings and other comprehensive income (OCI). The components of OCI are presented in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, net of applicable taxes.

Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), net of tax, are as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| Cash flow hedges | $(16.8) | $(17.7) | $(18.6) |
| Pension and postretirement plans | (107.7) | (109.7) | (122.0) |
| Total AOCI | $(124.5) | $(127.4) | $(140.6) |

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Changes in AOCI, net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | Cash Flow<br>Hedges | Pension and<br>Postretirement<br>Benefit Plans | Total |
| AOCI Balances as of December 31, 2024 | $(17.7) | $(109.7) | $(127.4) |
| Amounts reclassified from AOCI | 0.9 | 2.0 | 2.9 |
| AOCI Balances as of June 30, 2025 | $(16.8) | $(107.7) | $(124.5) |

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Amounts reclassified from AOCI to earnings are as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Amortization of Accumulated Cash Flow Hedge Losses** |  |  |  |  |
| Interest expense | $0.6 | $0.6 | $1.2 | $1.1 |
| Benefit from income taxes | (0.2) | (0.2) | (0.3) | (0.3) |
| Total | $0.4 | $0.4 | $0.9 | $0.8 |
| **Amortization of Accumulated Benefit Plan Costs** |  |  |  |  |
| Other nonoperating expense | $1.4 | $1.7 | $2.8 | $3.3 |
| Benefit from income taxes | (0.3) | (0.5) | (0.8) | (0.9) |
| Total | $1.1 | $1.2 | $2.0 | $2.4 |
| Total reclassifications from AOCI to earnings | $1.5 | $1.6 | $2.9 | $3.2 |

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**NOTE 12: EQUITY**

Our capital stock consists solely of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of which 480,000,000 shares may be issued. Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share. We may also issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, but no shares have been issued. The terms and provisions of such shares will be determined by our Board of Directors upon any issuance of preferred shares in accordance with our Certificate of Incorporation.

There were no shares held in treasury as of June 30, 2025, December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024.

Our common stock purchases (all of which were open market purchases) and subsequent retirements for the year-to-date periods ended are as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions, except average price* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| Number of shares purchased and retired | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Total purchase price <sup>1</sup> | $38.1 | $68.8 | $68.8 |
| Average price per share | $224.36 | $254.71 | $254.71 |

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<sup>1</sup>*The amount paid to purchase shares in excess of the par value and related excise taxes are recorded in retained earnings.* 

As of June 30, 2025, 6,647,118 shares may be purchased under the current authorization of our Board of Directors.

Changes in total equity are summarized below:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions, except per share data* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Total Shareholders' Equity** |  |  |  |  |
| Balance at beginning of period | $8134.1 | $7491.9 | $8118.6 | $7483.4 |
| Net earnings attributable to Vulcan | 320.9 | 308.0 | 449.8 | 410.6 |
| Share-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for taxes | (4.0) | (0.7) | (28.6) | (24.8) |
| Purchase and retirement of common stock | 0.0 | (50.0) | (38.1) | (68.8) |
| Share-based compensation expense | 19.1 | 15.4 | 33.0 | 24.5 |
| Cash dividends on common stock <br>($0.49/$0.46/$0.98/$0.92 per share, respectively) | (64.7) | (60.9) | (130.7) | (122.8) |
| Other comprehensive income | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 3.2 |
| Balance at end of period | $8406.9 | $7705.3 | $8406.9 | $7705.3 |
| **Noncontrolling Interest** |  |  |  |  |
| Balance at beginning of period | $24.4 | $24.8 | $23.9 | $24.5 |
| Distribution to noncontrolling interest | (1.5) | 0.0 | (1.5) | 0.0 |
| Earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest | (0.1) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
| Balance at end of period | $22.8 | $25.1 | $22.8 | $25.1 |
| **Total Equity** |  |  |  |  |
| Balance at end of period | $8429.7 | $7730.4 | $8429.7 | $7730.4 |

---

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**NOTE 13: SEGMENT REPORTING**

Our operating segments are based on our internal management reporting structure. Our chief operating decision maker, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, evaluates our operating results through reportable segment gross profit. This financial metric is used to review operating trends, perform analytical comparisons between periods and monitor budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis in order to assess performance and allocate resources.

We have three operating (and reportable) segments organized around our principal product lines: Aggregates, Asphalt and Concrete. The vast majority of our activities are domestic. We sell a relatively small amount of construction aggregates outside the United States. Our Asphalt and Concrete segments are primarily supplied with their aggregates requirements from our Aggregates segment. These intersegment sales are made at local market prices for the particular grade and quality of product used in the production of asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete and are excluded from total revenues.

**SEGMENT FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Total Revenues** |  |  |  |  |
| Aggregates <sup>1</sup> | $1649.6 | $1613.5 | $2985.4 | $2904.9 |
| Asphalt <sup>2</sup> | 368.9 | 351.2 | 577.6 | 537.4 |
| Concrete | 220.6 | 167.3 | 397.7 | 315.5 |
| Segment sales | $2239.1 | $2132.0 | $3960.7 | $3757.8 |
| Aggregates intersegment sales | (136.7) | (117.6) | (223.7) | (197.7) |
| Total | $2102.4 | $2014.4 | $3737.0 | $3560.1 |
| **Cost of Revenues** |  |  |  |  |
| Aggregates | $(953.4) | $(967.4) | $(1844.8) | $(1875.4) |
| Asphalt | (311.7) | (292.2) | (515.6) | (473.7) |
| Concrete | (212.1) | (162.6) | (386.1) | (313.8) |
| Total | $(1477.2) | $(1422.2) | $(2746.5) | $(2662.9) |
| **Gross Profit** |  |  |  |  |
| Aggregates | $559.5 | $528.5 | $916.9 | $831.8 |
| Asphalt | 57.2 | 59.0 | 62.0 | 63.7 |
| Concrete | 8.5 | 4.7 | 11.6 | 1.7 |
| Total | $625.2 | $592.2 | $990.5 | $897.2 |
| **Reconciliation to Pretax Earnings** |  |  |  |  |
| Selling, administrative and general expenses | $(144.5) | $(134.1) | $(282.7) | $(263.8) |
| Other operating income (expense), net | (9.7) | (4.5) | (10.4) | (6.9) |
| Other nonoperating income (expense), net | 2.4 | (8.7) | (0.2) | (8.9) |
| Interest expense, net | (59.2) | (40.2) | (118.9) | (79.3) |
| Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | $414.2 | $404.7 | $578.3 | $538.3 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*Includes product sales (crushed stone, sand and gravel, sand and other aggregates), freight & delivery costs that we pass along to our customers, and service revenues (see <u>[Note 4](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_43)</u>) related to our aggregates business.* 

<sup>2</sup>*Includes product sales as well as service revenues (see <u>[Note 4](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_43)</u>[)](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_43) from our asphalt construction paving business.*

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**SEGMENT FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE (CONTINUED)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Depreciation, Depletion, Accretion and Amortization** <sup>1</sup> |  |  |  |  |
| Aggregates | $144.3 | $128.0 | $294.7 | $251.5 |
| Asphalt | 14.0 | 11.0 | 26.0 | 19.8 |
| Concrete | 19.0 | 11.9 | 34.5 | 24.1 |
| Other | 8.2 | 5.9 | 16.6 | 12.3 |
| Total | $185.5 | $156.8 | $371.8 | $307.7 |
| **Capital Expenditures** <sup>2</sup> |  |  |  |  |
| Aggregates | $88.3 | $175.4 | $179.6 | $274.9 |
| Asphalt | 8.9 | 10.8 | 14.0 | 16.9 |
| Concrete | 0.1 | 3.6 | 6.9 | 5.7 |
| Corporate | 4.2 | 0.2 | 6.4 | 0.3 |
| Total | $101.5 | $190.0 | $206.9 | $297.8 |
| **Identifiable Assets** <sup>3</sup> |  |  |  |  |
| Aggregates |  |  | $14441.4 | $12088.2 |
| Asphalt |  |  | 830.6 | 737.6 |
| Concrete |  |  | 1025.2 | 903.6 |
| Total identifiable assets <sup>4</sup> |  |  | $16297.2 | $13729.4 |
| General corporate assets |  |  | 326.5 | 375.4 |
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 351.0 | 111.6 |
| Total |  |  | $16974.7 | $14216.4 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*Depreciation, Depletion, Accretion & Amortization (DDA&A) for each segment is included in cost of revenues.*

<sup>2</sup>*Capital expenditures include changes in accruals for purchases of property, plant & equipment. Capital expenditures exclude property, plant & equipment obtained by business acquisitions.*

<sup>3</sup>*Certain temporarily idled assets are included within a segment's Identifiable Assets, but the associated DDA&A is shown within Other in the DDA&A section above as the related DDA&A is excluded from segment gross profit.*

<sup>4</sup>*The increase in total identifiable assets is primarily due to acquisitions completed in 2024 (see <u>[Note 16](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_85)</u> for additional information).*

**NOTE 14: SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION**

Supplemental information referable to our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows is summarized below:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Cash Payments** <sup>1</sup> |  |  |
| Interest (exclusive of amount capitalized) | $134.7 | $99.3 |
| Income taxes | 113.0 | 226.7 |
| **Noncash Investing and Financing Activities** |  |  |
| Accruals for purchases of property, plant & equipment | $31.8 | $17.5 |
| Note received from sale of business | 0.0 | 0.9 |
| Recognition of new and revised lease obligations: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease right-of-use assets | 48.5 | 27.1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Finance lease right-of-use assets | 0.5 | 3.4 |
| Consideration payable to seller in business acquisitions | 0.1 | 0.0 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*Excludes changes in accruals.*

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**NOTE 15: GOODWILL**

Goodwill is recognized when the consideration paid for a business exceeds the fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is allocated to reporting units for purposes of testing goodwill for impairment. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or circumstances change in a manner that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value.

There were no charges for goodwill impairment in the six-month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Accumulated goodwill impairment losses amount to $390.2 million ($252.7 million in our former Cement segment and $137.5 million in our Concrete segment).

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025 are shown below:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | Aggregates | Asphalt | Concrete | Total |
| Goodwill at December 31, 2024 | $3673.2 | $91.6 | $23.3 | $3788.1 |
| Goodwill of acquired businesses <sup>1</sup> | 44.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 44.3 |
| Goodwill of divested businesses <sup>1</sup> | (0.6) | 0.0 | 0.0 | (0.6) |
| Goodwill at June 30, 2025 | $3716.9 | $91.6 | $23.3 | $3831.8 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*See <u>[Note 16](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_85)</u> for acquisitions and divestitures.*

**NOTE 16: ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES**

**BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS**

2025 BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS — Through the six months ended June 30, 2025, we completed no business acquisitions.

2024 BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS — Through the six months ended June 30, 2024, we acquired operations in Alabama, North Carolina and Texas for total cash consideration of $193.4 million. For the full year 2024, including adjustments made in the current year, we acquired the following operations for total consideration of $2,302.3 million ($2,271.3 million cash and $31.0 million noncash):

▪ Alabama — aggregates, asphalt mix and construction paving operations

▪ California — aggregates, asphalt and ready-mixed concrete operations

▪ North Carolina — aggregates operations

▪ South Carolina — aggregates operations

▪ Texas — asphalt mix and construction paving operations

While none of these acquisitions were individually material, our fourth quarter acquisitions of Wake Stone Corporation (Wake Stone) and Superior Ready Mix, L.P. (Superior) were collectively material. The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below summarizes the results of operations for Vulcan, Wake Stone and Superior as if they were combined as of January 1, 2023. The pro forma financial information does not reflect any cost savings, operating efficiencies or synergies as a result of these acquisitions. Consistent with the assumed acquisition date of January 1, 2023, the pro forma information excludes transactions between Vulcan, Wake Stone and Superior. The following pro forma information also includes: 1) charges directly attributable to the acquisitions, including acquisition related expenses; 2) cost of sales related to the sale of acquired inventory marked up to fair value; 3) depreciation, depletion, amortization & accretion expense related to the mark up to fair value of acquired assets; 4) interest expense reflecting the new debt structure; and 5) tax effects of the business combination:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | Three Months Ended<br>June 30, 2024 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30, 2024 |
| **Supplemental Pro Forma Results** |  |  |
| Total revenues | $2124.6 | $3768.6 |
| Net earnings attributable to Vulcan | 294.9 | 376.0 |

---

The unaudited pro forma results above may not be indicative of the results that would have been obtained had these acquisitions occurred at the beginning of 2023, nor does it intend to be a projection of future results.

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The fair value of consideration transferred for the Wake Stone and Superior acquisitions and the preliminary amounts (pending final appraisals of intangible assets and property, plant & equipment) of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are summarized below:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | June 30<br> 2025 |
| **Fair Value of Purchase Consideration** |  |
| Cash | $2064.5 |
| Payable to seller | 31.0 |
| Total fair value of purchase consideration | $2095.5 |
| **Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed** |  |
| Inventories | $35.0 |
| Property, plant & equipment | 1929.2 |
| Identifiable intangible assets | 244.2 |
| Other assets | 61.7 |
| Asset retirement obligations | (64.6) |
| Deferred tax liabilities | (311.7) |
| Other liabilities | (176.6) |
| Net identifiable assets acquired | $1717.2 |
| Goodwill | $378.3 |

---

As a collective result of the Wake Stone and Superior acquisitions, as well as other immaterial acquisitions completed in 2024, we recognized $275.0 million of amortizable intangible assets and $387.3 million of goodwill. The amortizable intangible assets will be amortized against earnings over a weighted-average of approximately 20 years and will be deductible for income tax purposes over 15 years. The $387.3 million of goodwill primarily represents deferred tax liabilities generated from carrying over the seller's tax basis in the assets acquired as well as synergies expected to be realized from acquiring established businesses with assets that have been assembled over a long period of time; the collection of those assets combined with our assets can earn a higher rate of return than either individually. Of the total goodwill recognized, $74.8 million will be deductible for income tax purposes.

**DIVESTITURES AND PENDING DIVESTITURES**

In 2025, we sold:

▪ First quarter — non-strategic aggregates locations in rural West Texas with limited reserves resulting in an immaterial gain

We had no significant divestitures through the six months ended June 30, 2024.

No material assets met the criteria for held for sale at June 30, 2025, December 31, 2024 or June 30, 2024.

**NOTE 17: NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS**

**ACCOUNTING STANDARDS RECENTLY ADOPTED**

None

**ACCOUNTING STANDARDS PENDING ADOPTION**

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures," which requires disclosure of specific categories and disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation table and expands disclosures related to income taxes paid. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and is to be applied prospectively. We are assessing the effect of this ASU on our disclosures that will be included in our Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2025.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses," which requires disaggregated disclosure of prescribed expense categories within relevant income statement captions. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and is to be applied prospectively. We are assessing the effect of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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| |
|:---|
| ITEM 2 |
| **MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS** |

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GENERAL COMMENTS

**OVERVIEW**

We provide the basic materials for the infrastructure needed to maintain and expand the U.S. economy. We operate primarily in the U.S. and are the nation's largest supplier of construction aggregates (primarily crushed stone, sand and gravel) and a major producer of aggregates-intensive downstream products such as asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete. Our strategy and competitive advantage are based on our strength in aggregates which are used in most types of construction and in the production of asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete.

Demand for our products is dependent on construction activity and correlates positively with changes in population, employment and household formations. End uses include public construction (e.g., highways, bridges, buildings, airports, schools, prisons, sewer and waste disposal systems, water supply systems, dams, reservoirs and other public construction projects), private nonresidential construction (e.g., manufacturing, retail, offices and warehouses) and private residential construction (e.g., single-family houses, duplexes, apartment buildings and condominiums).

Aggregates have a very high weight-to-price ratio and, in most cases, must be produced near where they are used; if not, transportation can cost more than the materials, rendering them uncompetitive compared to locally produced materials. Exceptions to this typical market structure include areas along the U.S. Gulf Coast and the Eastern Seaboard where there are limited supplies of locally available, high-quality aggregates. We serve these markets from quarries that have access to cost-effective long-haul transportation, including shipping by barge, rail and our fleet of Panamax-class, self-unloading ships. Additionally, we serve markets in California and Hawaii from our quarry in British Columbia, Canada by means of a long-term marine shipping agreement with CSL Americas.

There are limited substitutes for quality aggregates. Due to zoning and permitting regulations and high transportation costs relative to the value of the product, the location of reserves is a critical factor to our long-term success.

No material part of our business depends upon any single customer whose loss would have a significant adverse effect on our business. In 2024, our five largest customers accounted for approximately 8% of our total revenues, and no single customer accounted for more than 3% of our total revenues. Although approximately 40% to 55% of our aggregates shipments have historically been used in publicly-funded construction, such as highways, airports and government buildings, a relatively small portion of our sales are made directly to federal, state, county or municipal governments/agencies. Therefore, although reductions in state and federal funding can curtail publicly-funded construction, the vast majority of our business is not directly subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts with local, state or federal governments. In addition, our sales to government entities span several hundred entities coast-to-coast, ensuring that negative changes to various government budgets would have a muted impact across such a diversified set of government customers.

While aggregates is our focus and primary business, we believe vertical integration between aggregates and downstream products, such as asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete, can be managed effectively in certain markets to generate attractive financial returns and enhance financial returns in our core Aggregates segment. We produce and sell aggregates-intensive asphalt mix and/or ready-mixed concrete products in our Alabama, Arizona, California, Maryland, New Mexico, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, U.S. Virgin Islands and Washington D.C. markets. Aggregates comprise approximately 95% of asphalt mix by weight and 80% of ready-mixed concrete by weight. In both of these downstream businesses, aggregates are primarily supplied from our operations.

**SEASONALITY AND CYCLICAL NATURE OF OUR BUSINESS**

Almost all of our products are produced and consumed outdoors. Seasonal changes and other weather-related conditions can affect the production and sales volume of our products. Therefore, the financial results for any quarter do not necessarily indicate the results expected for the year. Normally, the highest sales and earnings are in the third quarter, and the lowest are in the first quarter. Furthermore, our sales and earnings are sensitive to national, regional and local economic conditions, demographic and population fluctuations, and particularly to cyclical swings in construction spending, primarily in the private sector.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

**FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS FOR SECOND QUARTER 2025**

Compared to second quarter of 2024:

▪ Total revenues increased $88.0 million, or 4%, to $2,102.4 million

▪ Gross profit increased $33.0 million, or 6%, to $625.2 million

▪ Aggregates segment sales increased $36.1 million, or 2%, to $1,649.6 million

▪ Aggregates segment freight-adjusted revenues increased $47.5 million, or 4%, to $1,310.1 million

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ Shipments decreased 1%, or 0.8 million tons, to 59.3 million tons

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ Freight-adjusted sales price increased 5.3%, or $1.11 per ton, to $22.11

▪ Aggregates segment gross profit increased $31.0 million, or 6%, to $559.5 million

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ Unit profitability (as measured by gross profit per ton) increased 7% to $9.44 per ton

▪ Asphalt and Concrete segment gross profit increased $2.0 million to $65.7 million, collectively

▪ Selling, administrative and general (SAG) expenses increased $10.4 million (20 basis points as a percentage of total revenues)

▪ Operating earnings increased $17.4 million, or 4%, to $471.0 million

▪ Earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations were $2.43 per diluted share compared to $2.33 per diluted share

▪ Adjusted earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations were $2.45 per diluted share compared to $2.35 per diluted share

▪ Net earnings attributable to Vulcan were $320.9 million, an increase of $12.9 million, or 4%

▪ Adjusted EBITDA was $659.5 million, an increase of $56.4 million, or 9%

▪ Returned capital to shareholders via dividends of $64.7 million at $0.49 per share versus $60.9 million at $0.46 per share, an increase of 6%

Our second quarter results reflected another quarter of outstanding execution, despite weather challenges, and we carry good momentum into the remainder of the year. Our pricing discipline and excellent cost performance have led to an 11% increase in aggregates gross profit per ton (13% increase in cash gross profit per ton), a 10% improvement in net earnings attributable to Vulcan, a 16% improvement in Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin expansion of 260 basis points through the first half of the year.

Capital expenditures, including maintenance and growth projects, were $101.5 million in the second quarter and $206.9 million on a year-to-date basis.

We remain well positioned for continued growth with a strong liquidity position and balance sheet profile. As of June 30, 2025, the ratio of total debt to trailing-twelve months Adjusted EBITDA was 2.2 times (2.1 times on a net debt basis, reflecting $351.0 million of cash on hand) and within our target range of 2.0 to 2.5 times. Our weighted-average debt maturity was 13.1 years, and our total weighted-average effective interest rate was 4.99%.

Interest expense, net of interest income, was $59.2 million in the second quarter compared with $40.2 million in the prior year. The $19.0 million increase is primarily due to a higher debt level resulting from the November 2024 notes issuances.

On a trailing-twelve months basis, return on invested capital was 15.9%, a 40 basis points decrease over the prior year, primarily resulting from the fourth quarter 2024 acquisitions of Wake Stone Corporation (Wake Stone) and Superior Ready Mix Concrete, L.P. (Superior).

**OUTLOOK**

Our execution in the first half of the year, along with an acceleration in new highway construction activity in our markets, supports our full-year outlook to deliver $2,350 million to $2,550 million of Adjusted EBITDA. As always, we will remain focused on factors within our control, including pricing and operating disciplines that drive earnings growth and cash generation.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Total revenues are primarily derived from our product sales of aggregates, asphalt mix and ready-mixed concrete, and include freight & delivery costs that we pass along to our customers to deliver these products. We also generate service revenues from our asphalt construction paving business and services related to our aggregates business. We present separately our discontinued operations, which consist of our former Chemicals business.

The following table highlights significant components of our consolidated operating results including EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.

**CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS HIGHLIGHTS**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions, except per share and per unit data* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Total revenues | $2102.4 | $2014.4 | $3737.0 | $3560.1 |
| Cost of revenues | (1477.2) | (1422.2) | (2746.5) | (2662.9) |
| Gross profit | 625.2 | 592.2 | 990.5 | 897.2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;*Gross profit margin* | *29.7 %* | *29.4 %* | *26.5 %* | *25.2 %* |
| Selling, administrative and general expenses | (144.5) | (134.1) | (282.7) | (263.8) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;*SAG as a percentage of total revenues* | *6.9 %* | *6.7 %* | *7.6 %* | *7.4 %* |
| Gain on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses | 1.2 | 3.8 | 8.6 | 4.4 |
| Operating earnings | 471.0 | 453.6 | 697.4 | 626.5 |
| Interest expense, net | (59.2) | (40.2) | (118.9) | (79.3) |
| Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes | 414.2 | 404.7 | 578.3 | 538.3 |
| Income tax expense | (91.3) | (94.4) | (125.0) | (123.4) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;*Effective tax rate from continuing operations* | *22.0 %* | *23.3 %* | *21.6 %* | *22.9 %* |
| Earnings from continuing operations | 322.9 | 310.3 | 453.3 | 414.9 |
| Loss on discontinued operations, net of tax | (2.1) | (2.0) | (3.1) | (3.7) |
| (Earnings) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | 0.1 | (0.3) | (0.4) | (0.6) |
| Net earnings attributable to Vulcan | $320.9 | $308.0 | $449.8 | $410.6 |
| Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Vulcan |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Continuing operations | $2.43 | $2.33 | $3.41 | $3.11 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Discontinued operations | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.03) |
| Net earnings | $2.42 | $2.31 | $3.38 | $3.08 |
| EBITDA <sup>1</sup> | $656.1 | $598.7 | $1064.5 | $919.7 |
| Adjusted EBITDA <sup>1</sup> | $659.5 | $603.1 | $1070.4 | $926.6 |
| **Average Sales Price and Unit Shipments** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Aggregates |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tons | 59.3 | 60.1 | 107.0 | 108.3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Freight-adjusted sales price | $22.11 | $21.00 | $22.07 | $20.82 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Asphalt Mix |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tons | 3.9 | 4.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Average sales price | $81.29 | $78.80 | $81.30 | $78.46 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Ready-mixed concrete |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cubic yards | 1.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Average sales price | $186.60 | $180.24 | $187.83 | $181.40 |

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<sup>1</sup>*Non-GAAP measures are defined and reconciled within this Item 2 under the caption "<u>[Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_127)</u>".*

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**SECOND QUARTER 2025 COMPARED TO SECOND QUARTER 2024**

Second quarter 2025 total revenues were $2,102.4 million, up 4% from the second quarter of 2024. Shipments decreased in aggregates (-1%) and asphalt mix (-3%) and increased in ready-mixed concrete (+27%). Gross profit increased in the Aggregates segment (+$31.0 million or 6%) and the Concrete segment (+$3.8 million or 81%) and decreased in the Asphalt segment (-$1.8 million or 3%).

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the second quarter of 2025 were $320.9 million, or $2.42 per diluted share, compared to $308.0 million, or $2.31 per diluted share, in the second quarter of 2024. Each period's results were impacted by discrete items, as follows:

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the second quarter of 2025 include:

▪ pretax charges of $0.6 million associated with non-routine acquisitions

▪ pretax loss on discontinued operations of $2.8 million

▪ $2.1 million of tax charges related to a valuation allowance against Calica deferred tax assets, including NOL carryforwards

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the second quarter of 2024 include:

▪ pretax charges of $1.0 million associated with divested operations

▪ pretax charges of $0.8 million associated with non-routine acquisitions

▪ pretax loss on discontinued operations of $2.7 million

▪ $1.1 million of tax charges related to a valuation allowance against Calica deferred tax assets, including NOL carryforwards

Adjusted for these discrete items, earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations (Adjusted Diluted EPS) was $2.45 per diluted share for the second quarter of 2025 compared to $2.35 per diluted share for the second quarter of 2024.

CONTINUING OPERATIONS — Changes in earnings from continuing operations before income taxes for the second quarter of 2025 versus the second quarter of 2024 are summarized below:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| *in millions* |  |
| Second quarter 2024 | $404.7 |
| Higher aggregates gross profit | 31.0 |
| Lower asphalt gross profit | (1.8) |
| Higher concrete gross profit | 3.8 |
| Higher selling, administrative and general expenses | (10.4) |
| Lower gain on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses | (2.6) |
| Higher interest expense, net | (19.0) |
| All other | 8.5 |
| Second quarter 2025 | $414.2 |

---

Continued pricing discipline and operational execution drove earnings growth and margin expansion in the Aggregates segment despite lower shipments and challenging weather conditions throughout the quarter. Second quarter Aggregates segment gross profit increased 6% to $559.5 million ($9.44 on a per ton basis), and gross profit margin expanded to 33.9%. Cash gross profit per ton increased 9% to $11.88 per ton. On a trailing-twelve months basis, cash gross profit per ton was $11.25, increasing 13% over the prior year and marking a tenth consecutive quarter of double-digit compounding improvement in unit profitability.

Aggregates shipments decreased 1% compared to the prior year due in part to significant rainfall in many key Southeastern markets throughout much of the quarter. Price growth was widespread, and freight-adjusted selling prices increased 5.3% (7.6% on a mix-adjusted basis) compared to the prior year. In addition to the anticipated impact of recent acquisitions, second quarter reported price was also impacted by unfavorable legacy geographic mix due to the inclement weather in the Southeast. Freight-adjusted unit cost of sales increased a modest 4% ($0.46 per ton) as a result of continued operating cost discipline despite challenging weather conditions.

Overall, non-aggregates segments gross profit of $65.7 million was $2.0 million higher than the prior year's second quarter.

Asphalt segment gross profit was $57.2 million, and cash gross profit was $71.2 million. Despite lower shipments, unit cash gross profit improved 5%, and gross profit margin remained a solid 15.5%.

Concrete segment gross profit was $8.5 million, and cash gross profit was $27.5 million. Unit gross profit increased 43%, and unit cash gross profit increased 30%, due mostly to the contribution of acquired operations.

SAG expense was $144.5 million for the second quarter compared to $134.1 million in the prior year. As a percent of total revenues on a trailing-twelve months basis, SAG expense was 7.2% in the second quarter of 2025, 10 basis points lower than the prior year.

Gain on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses was $1.2 million in the second quarter of 2025 compared to $3.8 million in the second quarter of 2024.

------

Other operating income (expense), net which is composed primarily of idle facilities expense, environmental remediation costs, gain (loss) on settlement of AROs, finance charges collected and net rental income (expense), was $10.9 million of expense for the second quarter of 2025 compared to $8.3 million of expense in the second quarter of 2024.

Other nonoperating income (expense), net was $2.4 million of income for the second quarter of 2025 compared to $8.7 million of expense in the second quarter of 2024. The year-over-year improvement was primarily related to higher foreign currency transaction gains in the current period.

Net interest expense was $59.2 million in the second quarter of 2025 compared to $40.2 million in the second quarter of 2024. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to a higher debt level resulting from the November 2024 notes issuances.

Income tax expense from continuing operations was $91.3 million in the second quarter of 2025 compared to $94.4 million in the second quarter of 2024. The decrease in tax expense was primarily due to the release of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets of a Canadian subsidiary resulting from a restructuring completed in the second quarter of 2025, partially offset by an increase in pretax earnings.

Earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations were $2.43 per diluted share in the second quarter of 2025 compared to $2.33 per diluted share in the second quarter of 2024.

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS — Second quarter pretax loss from discontinued operations was $2.8 million in 2025 compared with a pretax loss of $2.7 million in 2024. Both periods include charges related to general and product liability costs, including legal defense costs, and environmental remediation costs associated with our former Chemicals business. For additional details, see <u>[Note 1](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_28)</u> to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption Discontinued Operations.

**YEAR-TO-DATE JUNE 30, 2025 COMPARED TO YEAR-TO-DATE JUNE 30, 2024**

Total revenues for the first six months of 2025 were $3,737.0 million, up 5% from the first six months of 2024. Shipments decreased in aggregates (-1%), increased in ready-mixed concrete (+21%) and remained flat in asphalt mix. Gross profit increased in the Aggregates segment (+$85.1 million or 10%) and the Concrete segment (+$9.9 million or 617%) and decreased in the Asphalt segment (-$1.7 million or 3%).

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the first six months of 2025 were $449.8 million, or $3.38 per diluted share, compared to $410.6 million, or $3.08 per diluted share, in the first six months of 2024. Each period's results were impacted by discrete items, as follows:

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the first six months of 2025 include:

▪ pretax charges of $1.8 million associated with non-routine acquisitions

▪ pretax loss on discontinued operations of $4.1 million

▪ $3.8 million of tax charges related to a valuation allowance against Calica deferred tax assets, including NOL carryforwards

Net earnings attributable to Vulcan for the first six months of 2024 include:

▪ pretax charges of $1.0 million associated with divested operations

▪ pretax charges of $0.9 million associated with non-routine acquisitions

▪ pretax loss on discontinued operations of $5.0 million

▪ $2.7 million of tax charges related to a valuation allowance against Calica deferred tax assets, including NOL carryforwards

Adjusted for these discrete items, earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations (Adjusted Diluted EPS) was $3.45 per diluted share for the first six months of 2025 compared to $3.14 per diluted share for the first six months of 2024.

CONTINUING OPERATIONS — Changes in earnings from continuing operations before income taxes for year-to-date June 30, 2025 versus year-to-date June 30, 2024 are summarized below:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| *in millions* |  |
| Year-to-date June 30, 2024 | $538.3 |
| Higher aggregates gross profit | 85.1 |
| Lower asphalt gross profit | (1.7) |
| Higher concrete gross profit | 9.9 |
| Higher selling, administrative and general expenses | (18.9) |
| Higher gain on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses | 4.2 |
| Higher interest expense, net | (39.6) |
| All other | 1.0 |
| Year-to-date June 30, 2025 | $578.3 |

---

Aggregates segment sales for the first six months of 2025 were $2,985.4 million (up 3%), and shipments decreased 1%, or 1.3 million tons, compared to the prior year. Aggregates segment gross profit was $916.9 million ($8.57 per ton) in the first six months of 2025 versus $831.8 million ($7.68 per ton) in the prior year. On a year-to-date basis, cash gross profit per ton increased 13% to $11.32 per ton.

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Freight-adjusted selling prices increased 6.0% as compared to the prior year. Freight-adjusted unit cost of sales for the first six months of 2025 increased 3%, or $0.37 per ton, versus the prior year.

Asphalt segment gross profit of $62.0 million was down $1.7 million from the first six months of 2024, and cash gross profit of $88.0 million was a 5% improvement over the prior year. Asphalt mix shipments remained flat, and average unit selling prices increased 3.6%, or $2.84 per ton.

Concrete segment gross profit of $11.6 million was up $9.9 million from the first six months of 2024, and cash gross profit of $46.1 million was a 79% increase from the prior year.

SAG expenses were $282.7 million (7.6% of total revenues) versus $263.8 million (7.4% of total revenues) in the prior year's first six months.

Gain on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses was $8.6 million in the first six months of 2025 versus $4.4 million in the first six months of 2024.

Other operating income (expense), net which is composed primarily of idle facilities expense, environmental remediation costs, gain (loss) on settlement of AROs, finance charges collected and net rental income (expense), was $19.0 million of expense for the first six months of 2025 compared to $11.3 million of expense in the first six months of 2024.

Other nonoperating income (expense), net was $0.2 million of expense for the first six months of 2025 compared to $8.9 million of expense in the first six months of 2024. The year-over-year improvement was primarily related to higher foreign currency transaction gains in the current year.

Net interest expense was $118.9 million in the first six months of 2025 compared to $79.3 million in the first six months of 2024. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to a higher debt level resulting from the November 2024 notes issuances.

Income tax expense from continuing operations was $125.0 million in the first six months of 2025 compared to $123.4 million in the first six months of 2024. The increase in tax expense was primarily due to an increase in pretax earnings, partially offset by an increase in the statutory depletion deduction and the release of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets of a Canadian subsidiary.

Earnings attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations were $3.41 per diluted share in the first six months of 2025 compared to $3.11 per diluted share in the first six months of 2024.

DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS — First six months pretax loss from discontinued operations was $4.1 million in 2025 compared with a pretax loss of $5.0 million in 2024. Both periods include charges related to general and product liability costs, including legal defense costs, and environmental remediation costs associated with our former Chemicals business. For additional details, see <u>[Note 1](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_28)</u> to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption Discontinued Operations.

**KNOWN TRENDS OR UNCERTAINTIES**

Inflationary pressures and labor constraints can be factors that impact our operations. Although inflationary pressures can create short-term to medium-term headwinds, the combination of inflation and visibility of demand may create a favorable environment for price increases. Additionally, labor constraints can cause delays and inefficiencies in our operations as well as those of our customers. If labor constraints continue, our operations may proceed at a slower pace, which may effectively extend the recovery while allowing us the opportunity to compound price, control costs and grow earnings.

Our industry is experiencing uncertainty due to rapid changes in global trade policies including announced tariff increases, potential additional tariff increases and other measures that could restrict international trade. Economic pressures on our customers, including the challenges of inflation and the impact of tariffs and other trade measures, may negatively impact our shipment volumes. We will continue to evaluate the evolving macroeconomic environment to take action to mitigate the impact on our business.

Further, the Mexican government has taken actions adverse to our property and operations in Mexico. On May 5, 2022, Mexican government officials presented employees at our Calica operations in Quintana Roo, Mexico with arbitrary shutdown orders to immediately cease underwater quarrying and extraction operations. On May 13, 2022, the Mexican government suspended the three-year customs permit granted in March 2022 to Calica. In September 2024, the Mexican government ordered the closure of Calica's already-suspended quarrying activities and the shutdown of certain activities at Calica's Punta Venado port facilities. On September 23, 2024, the President of Mexico signed a presidential decree declaring the entirety of Calica's properties as a "Natural Protected Area" (the "ANP Decree"). Among other provisions, the ANP Decree prohibits Calica from extracting petrous or construction materials from its properties. We strongly believe that the actions taken by Mexico are arbitrary and illegal, and we intend to vigorously pursue all lawful avenues available to us in order to protect our rights, under both Mexican and international law. For additional information regarding our Calica operations, see the NAFTA Arbitration section in <u>[Note 8](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_61)</u> to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

**AGGREGATES SEGMENT FREIGHT-ADJUSTED REVENUES**

Aggregates segment freight-adjusted revenues is not a Generally Accepted Accounting Principle (GAAP) measure and should not be considered as an alternative to metrics defined by GAAP. We present this measure as it is consistent with the basis by which we review our operating results. We believe that this presentation is consistent with our competitors and meaningful to our investors as it excludes revenues associated with freight & delivery, which are pass-through activities. It also excludes other revenues related to services, such as landfill tipping fees, that are derived from our aggregates business. Additionally, we use this metric as the basis for calculating the average sales price of our aggregates products. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions, except per unit data* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Aggregates segment** |  |  |  |  |
| Segment sales | $1649.6 | $1613.5 | $2985.4 | $2904.9 |
| Freight & delivery revenues <sup>1</sup> | (310.9) | (324.5) | (575.2) | (602.0) |
| Other revenues | (28.6) | (26.4) | (48.1) | (48.9) |
| Freight-adjusted revenues | $1310.1 | $1262.6 | $2362.1 | $2254.0 |
| Unit shipments - tons | 59.3 | 60.1 | 107.0 | 108.3 |
| Freight-adjusted sales price | $22.11 | $21.00 | $22.07 | $20.82 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*At the segment level, freight & delivery revenues include intersegment freight & delivery (which are eliminated at the consolidated level) and freight to remote distribution sites.* 

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**CASH GROSS PROFIT**

GAAP does not define "cash gross profit," and it should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. We and the investment community use this metric to assess the operating performance of our business. Additionally, we present this metric as we believe that it closely correlates to long-term shareholder value. Cash gross profit adds back noncash charges for depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization to gross profit. Segment cash gross profit per unit is computed by dividing segment cash gross profit by units shipped. Segment cash cost of sales per unit is computed by subtracting segment cash gross profit per unit from segment freight-adjusted sales price. Segment freight-adjusted sales price is calculated by dividing revenues generated from the shipment of product (excluding service revenues generated by the segments) by the total units of the product shipped. Reconciliation of these metrics to their nearest GAAP measures are presented below:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions, except per unit data* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Aggregates segment** |  |  |  |  |
| Gross profit | $559.5 | $528.5 | $916.9 | $831.8 |
| Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization | 144.3 | 128.0 | 294.7 | 251.5 |
| Cash gross profit | $703.8 | $656.5 | $1211.6 | $1083.3 |
| Unit shipments - tons | 59.3 | 60.1 | 107.0 | 108.3 |
| Gross profit per ton | $9.44 | $8.79 | $8.57 | $7.68 |
| Freight-adjusted sales price | $22.11 | $21.00 | $22.07 | $20.82 |
| Cash gross profit per ton | 11.88 | 10.92 | 11.32 | 10.01 |
| Freight-adjusted cash cost of sales per ton | $10.23 | $10.08 | $10.75 | $10.81 |
| **Asphalt segment** |  |  |  |  |
| Gross profit | $57.2 | $59.0 | $62.0 | $63.7 |
| Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization | 14.0 | 11.0 | 26.0 | 19.8 |
| Cash gross profit | $71.2 | $70.0 | $88.0 | $83.5 |
| Unit shipments - tons | 3.9 | 4.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
| Gross profit per ton | $14.86 | $14.82 | $10.19 | $10.40 |
| Average sales price | $81.29 | $78.80 | $81.30 | $78.46 |
| Cash gross profit per ton | 18.49 | 17.57 | 14.47 | 13.63 |
| Cash cost of sales per ton | $62.80 | $61.23 | $66.83 | $64.83 |
| **Concrete segment** |  |  |  |  |
| Gross profit | $8.5 | $4.7 | $11.6 | $1.7 |
| Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization | 19.0 | 11.9 | 34.5 | 24.1 |
| Cash gross profit | $27.5 | $16.6 | $46.1 | $25.8 |
| Unit shipments - cubic yards | 1.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 |
| Gross profit per cubic yard | $7.21 | $5.05 | $5.54 | $0.94 |
| Average sales price | $186.60 | $180.24 | $187.83 | $181.40 |
| Cash gross profit per cubic yard | 23.38 | 17.92 | 21.89 | 14.83 |
| Cash cost of sales per cubic yard | $163.22 | $162.32 | $165.94 | $166.57 |

---

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**EBITDA AND ADJUSTED EBITDA**

GAAP does not define "Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization" (EBITDA), and it should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. We use this metric to assess the operating performance of our business and as a basis for strategic planning and forecasting as we believe that it closely correlates to long-term shareholder value. We do not use this metric as a measure to allocate resources. We adjust EBITDA for certain items to provide a more consistent comparison of earnings performance from period to period. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below (numbers may not foot due to rounding):

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Trailing-Twelve Months<br>June 30 | Trailing-Twelve Months<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Net earnings attributable to Vulcan | $320.9 | $308 | $449.8 | $410.6 | $951.2 | $914.6 |
| Income tax expense, including discontinued operations | 90.6 | 93.7 | 124.0 | 122.1 | 250.7 | 311.1 |
| Interest expense, net of interest income | 59.2 | 40.2 | 118.9 | 79.3 | 209.9 | 163.3 |
| Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization | 185.5 | 156.8 | 371.8 | 307.7 | 696.3 | 621.3 |
| EBITDA | $656.1 | $598.7 | $1064.5 | $919.7 | $2108 | $2010.2 |
| Loss on discontinued operations | $2.8 | $2.7 | $4.1 | $5 | $9.3 | $11.8 |
| Gain on sale of real estate and businesses, net | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | (36.7) | (51.9) |
| Loss on impairments | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 86.6 | 28.3 |
| Charges associated with divested operations | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 16.7 | 4.2 |
| Acquisition related charges <sup>1</sup> | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 17.1 | 2.3 |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $659.5 | $603.1 | $1070.4 | $926.6 | $2201.1 | $2005.0 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*Represents charges associated with acquisitions requiring clearance under federal antitrust laws.*

**ADJUSTED DILUTED EPS ATTRIBUTABLE TO VULCAN FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS**

Similar to our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA, we present Adjusted diluted earnings per share (EPS) attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations to provide a more consistent comparison of earnings performance from period to period. This metric is not defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Three Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| **Diluted Earnings Per Share** |  |  |  |  |
| Net earnings attributable to Vulcan | $2.42 | $2.31 | $3.38 | $3.08 |
| Items included in Adjusted EBITDA above, net of tax | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| NOL carryforward valuation allowance | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Adjusted diluted EPS attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations | $2.45 | $2.35 | $3.45 | $3.14 |

---

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**NET DEBT TO ADJUSTED EBITDA**

Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA is not a GAAP measure and should not be considered as an alternative to metrics defined by GAAP. We, the investment community and credit rating agencies use this metric to assess our leverage. Net debt subtracts cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash from total debt. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | June 30 | June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 |
| Current maturities of long-term debt | $0.5 | $0.5 |
| Short-term debt | 550.0 | 95.0 |
| Long-term debt | 4359.2 | 3331.7 |
| Total debt | $4909.7 | $3427.2 |
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (351.0) | (111.6) |
| Net debt | $4558.7 | $3315.6 |
| Trailing-Twelve Months (TTM) Adjusted EBITDA | $2201.1 | $2005.0 |
| Total Debt to TTM Adjusted EBITDA | 2.2x | 1.7x |
| Net Debt to TTM Adjusted EBITDA | 2.1x | 1.7x |

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**RETURN ON INVESTED CAPITAL**

We define "Return on Invested Capital" (ROIC) as Adjusted EBITDA for the trailing-twelve months divided by average invested capital (as illustrated below) during the trailing-five quarters. Our calculation of ROIC is considered a non-GAAP financial measure because we calculate ROIC using the non-GAAP metric EBITDA. We believe that our ROIC metric is meaningful because it helps investors assess how effectively we are deploying our assets. Although ROIC is a standard financial metric, numerous methods exist for calculating a company's ROIC. As a result, the method we use to calculate our ROIC may differ from the methods used by other companies. This metric is not defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below (numbers may not foot due to rounding):

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | Trailing-Twelve Months | Trailing-Twelve Months |
| *in millions* | June 30<br> 2025 | June 30<br> 2024 |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $2201.1 | $2005.0 |
| Average invested capital |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Property, plant & equipment, net | $7600.8 | $6212.1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Goodwill | 3684.3 | 3564.3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Other intangible assets | 1591.5 | 1498.8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Fixed and intangible assets | $12876.6 | $11275.2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Current assets | $2124.9 | $2230.8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Cash and cash equivalents | (338.1) | (374.8) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Current tax | (41.7) | (38.2) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Adjusted current assets | 1745.1 | 1817.8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Current liabilities | (989.8) | (789.6) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Current maturities of long-term debt | 80.5 | 0.5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Short-term debt | 129.0 | 19.0 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Adjusted current liabilities | (780.3) | (770.1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Adjusted net working capital | $964.8 | $1047.7 |
| Average invested capital | $13841.4 | $12322.9 |
| Return on invested capital | 15.9% | 16.3% |

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**2025 PROJECTED ADJUSTED EBITDA**

Projected Adjusted EBITDA is not defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | 2025 Projected Mid-point |
| Net earnings attributable to Vulcan | $1130 |
| Income tax expense, including discontinued operations | 330 |
| Interest expense, net of interest income | 230 |
| Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization | 750 |
| Projected EBITDA <sup>1</sup> | $2440 |
| Items included in Adjusted EBITDA | 10 |
| Projected Adjusted EBITDA | $2450 |

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<sup>1</sup>*Includes $150 million estimated contribution from acquisitions.*

Because GAAP financial measures on a forward-looking basis are not accessible, and reconciling information is not available without unreasonable effort, we have not provided reconciliations for forward-looking non-GAAP measures, other than the reconciliation of Projected Adjusted EBITDA as noted above. For the same reasons, we are unable to address the probable significance of the unavailable information, which could be material to future results.

LIQUIDITY AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash provided by our operating activities, a substantial, committed bank line of credit and our commercial paper program. Additional sources of capital include access to the capital markets, the sale of surplus real estate and dispositions of nonstrategic operating assets. We believe these financial resources are sufficient to fund our business requirements for 2025 including:

▪ contractual obligations

▪ capital expenditures

▪ debt service obligations

▪ dividend payments

▪ potential acquisitions

▪ potential share repurchases

Our balanced approach to capital deployment remains unchanged. We intend to balance reinvestment in our business, growth through acquisitions and return of capital to shareholders, while sustaining financial strength and flexibility.

We actively manage our capital structure and resources in order to balance the cost of capital and the risk of financial stress. We seek to meet these objectives by adhering to the following principles:

▪ maintain substantial bank line of credit borrowing capacity

▪ proactively manage our debt maturity schedule such that repayment/refinancing risk in any single year is low

▪ maintain an appropriate balance of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt

▪ minimize financial and other covenants that limit our operating and financial flexibility

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**CASH**

Included in our June 30, 2025 cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash balances of $351.0 million is $3.6 million of restricted cash as described in <u>[Note 1](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_28)</u> to the condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption "Restricted Cash".

**CASH FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 | Six Months Ended<br>June 30 |
| *in millions* | 2025 | 2024 |
| Net earnings | $450.2 | $411.2 |
| Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization | 371.8 | 307.7 |
| Noncash operating lease expense | 26.7 | 25.7 |
| Net gain on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses | (8.6) | (4.4) |
| Deferred income taxes, net | (11.3) | (18.5) |
| Other operating cash flows, net <sup>1</sup> | (235.6) | (347.2) |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $593.2 | $374.5 |

---

<sup>1</sup>*Primarily reflects changes to working capital balances.*

Net cash provided by operating activities was $593.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, a $218.7 million increase compared to the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to higher earnings and changes in working capital balances.

Days sales outstanding, a measurement of the time it takes to collect receivables, were 42.6 days at June 30, 2025 compared to 41.4 days at June 30, 2024. Additionally, our over 90 day receivables balance was $30.9 million at June 30, 2025, an increase of $5.6 million from the $25.3 million balance at June 30, 2024. All customer accounts are actively managed, and no losses in excess of amounts reserved are currently expected.

**CASH FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES**

Net cash used for investing activities was $236.9 million during the first six months of 2025, a $296.9 million decrease compared to the same period of 2024. During the first six months of 2024, we acquired businesses for $193.4 million, whereas there were no business acquisitions in the first six months of 2025. Conversely, during the first six months of 2025, we sold businesses in Texas for $19.0 million, whereas there were no business dispositions in the first six months of 2024 (see <u>[Note 16](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_85)</u> to the condensed consolidated financial statements for acquisitions and divestitures). Additionally, during the first six months of 2025, we invested $270.9 million in our existing operations (includes changes in accruals for property, plant & equipment) compared to $344.2 million in the prior year period. This $270.9 million investment includes both maintenance and internal growth projects to enhance our distribution capabilities, develop new production sites and improve existing production facilities.

**CASH FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES**

Net cash used for financing activities was $606.1 million during the first six months of 2025, a $72.2 million decrease compared to cash used of $678.3 million in the same period of 2024. The current year includes cash paid to redeem the $400.0 million senior notes due 2025, whereas the prior year includes cash paid to redeem the $550.0 million senior notes due 2026 partially offset by a $95.0 million net issuance of commercial paper. Additionally, we returned $168.8 million to shareholders through $130.7 million of dividends ($0.98 per share compared to $0.92 per share) and $38.1 million of common stock repurchases (170,000 shares repurchased at $224.36 average price per share in 2025 compared to 270,142 shares repurchased at $254.71 average price per share in 2024).

------

**DEBT**

Certain debt measures are presented below:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | June 30<br> 2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br> 2024 |
| **Debt** |  |  |  |
| Current maturities of long-term debt | $0.5 | $400.5 | $0.5 |
| Short-term debt | 550.0 | 0.0 | 95.0 |
| Long-term debt | 4359.2 | 4906.9 | 3331.7 |
| Total debt | $4909.7 | $5307.4 | $3427.2 |
| **Capital** |  |  |  |
| Total debt | $4909.7 | $5307.4 | $3427.2 |
| Total equity | 8429.7 | 8142.5 | 7730.4 |
| Total capital | $13339.4 | $13449.9 | $11157.6 |
| **Total Debt as a Percentage of Total Capital** | 36.8% | 39.5% | 30.7% |
| **Weighted-Average Effective Interest Rates** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Line of credit <sup>1</sup> | 1.13% | 1.13% | 1.13% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Commercial paper | 4.66% | 4.65% | 5.55% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Term debt | 5.04% | 5.00% | 4.63% |
| **Fixed Versus Floating Interest Rate Debt** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Fixed-rate debt | 89.0% | 89.8% | 81.5% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Floating-rate debt | 11.0% | 10.2% | 18.5% |

---

<sup>1</sup>*Reflects the margin above SOFR for SOFR-based borrowings; we also paid upfront fees that are amortized to interest expense and pay fees for unused borrowing capacity and standby letters of credit.*

At June 30, 2025, total debt to trailing-twelve months Adjusted EBITDA was 2.2 times (2.1 times on a net debt basis reflecting $351.0 million of cash on hand). Our weighted-average debt maturity was 13.1 years, and our total weighted-average effective interest rate was 4.99%.

**LINE OF CREDIT AND COMMERCIAL PAPER PROGRAM**

Our $1,600.0 million unsecured commercial paper program was established in August 2022 and matures in November 2029. Our commercial paper is fully back-stopped by our line of credit and contains covenants customary for an unsecured investment-grade facility. As of June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with the commercial paper covenants. Commercial paper borrowings bear interest at rates determined at the time of borrowing and as agreed between us and the commercial paper investors. As of June 30, 2025, we had $550.0 million in commercial paper borrowings with a 4.66% effective interest rate.

Our $1,600.0 million unsecured line of credit was amended in November 2024 to extend the maturity date from August 2027 to November 2029. Our line of credit contains covenants customary for an unsecured investment-grade facility. Covenants, borrowings, cost ranges and other details are described in <u>[Note 7](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_58)</u> to the condensed consolidated financial statements. As of June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with the covenants, the margin for SOFR borrowings was 1.125%, the margin for base rate borrowings was 0.125% and the commitment fee for the unused amount was 0.100%.

As of June 30, 2025, our available borrowing capacity under the line of credit was $1,575.3 million. Utilization of the borrowing capacity was as follows:

▪ None was borrowed

▪ $24.7 million was used to support standby letters of credit

**TERM DEBT**

All of our $4,440.7 million (face value) of term debt is unsecured. All of the covenants in the debt agreements are customary for investment-grade facilities. As of June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with all term debt covenants.

In November 2024, we issued $500.0 million of 4.95% senior notes due 2029, $750.0 million of 5.35% senior notes due 2034 and $750.0 million of 5.70% senior notes due 2054. Total proceeds of $1,975.0 million (net of discounts and transaction costs), together with cash on hand, were used to provide liquidity for acquisitions in 2024 and debt maturing in 2025.

In March 2025, we redeemed the $400.0 million senior notes due April 2025 using cash on hand.

------

**CURRENT MATURITIES OF LONG-TERM DEBT**

The $0.5 million of current maturities of long-term debt as of June 30, 2025 is due as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | Current <br>Maturities |
| Third quarter 2025 | $0.0 |
| Fourth quarter 2025 | 0.0 |
| First quarter 2026 | 0.5 |
| Second quarter 2026 | 0.0 |

---

**DEBT RATINGS**

Our debt ratings and outlooks as of June 30, 2025 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Short-term | Long-term | Outlook |
| Fitch | F2 | BBB | Positive |
| Moody's | P-2 | Baa2 | Stable |
| Standard & Poor's | A-2 | BBB+ | Stable |

---

**EQUITY**

The number of our common stock issuances and purchases for the year-to-date periods ended are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| Common stock shares at January 1, issued and outstanding | 132.1 | 132.1 | 132.1 |
| Common stock issued for share-based compensation plans | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Common stock purchased and retired | (0.2) | (0.3) | (0.3) |
| Common stock shares at end of period, issued and outstanding | 132.0 | 132.1 | 132.1 |

---

As of June 30, 2025, there were 6,647,118 shares remaining under the February 2017 share purchase authorization by our Board of Directors. Depending upon market, business, legal and other conditions, we may purchase shares from time to time through the open market (including plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) and/or privately negotiated transactions. The authorization has no time limit, does not obligate us to purchase any specific number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

The detail of our common stock purchases (all of which were open market purchases) for the year-to-date periods ended are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| *in millions, except average price* | June 30<br>2025 | December 31<br>2024 | June 30<br>2024 |
| Number of shares purchased and retired | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Total purchase price | $38.1 | $68.8 | $68.8 |
| Average price per share | $224.36 | $254.71 | $254.71 |

---

There were no shares held in treasury as of June 30, 2025, December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024.

------

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements such as financing or unconsolidated variable interest entities.

STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT

For a discussion of our standby letters of credit, see <u>[Note 7](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_58)</u> to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

We follow certain significant accounting policies when preparing our consolidated financial statements. A summary of these policies is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (Form 10-K).

We prepare these financial statements to conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These principles require us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingent assets and contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, current conditions and various other assumptions we believe reasonable under existing circumstances and evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. The results of these estimates form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities as well as identifying and assessing the accounting treatment with respect to commitments and contingencies. Our actual results may materially differ from these estimates.

We believe that the accounting policies described in the "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" section of our Form 10-K require the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, so we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. There have been no changes to our critical accounting policies during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

For a discussion of the accounting standards recently adopted or pending adoption and the effect such accounting changes will have on our results of operations, financial position or liquidity, see <u>[Note 17](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_97)</u> to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain matters discussed in this report, including expectations regarding future performance, contain forward-looking statements that are subject to assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. These assumptions, risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

▪ general economic and business conditions

▪ our dependence on the construction industry, which is subject to economic cycles

▪ the timing and amount of federal, state and local funding for infrastructure

▪ changes in the level of spending for private residential and private nonresidential construction

▪ changes in our effective tax rate

▪ domestic and global political, economic or diplomatic developments

▪ the increasing reliance on information technology infrastructure, including the risks that the infrastructure does not work as intended, experiences technical difficulties or is subjected to cyber-attacks

▪ the impact of the state of the global economy on our businesses and financial condition and access to capital markets

▪ international business operations and relationships, including recent actions taken by the Mexican government with respect to our property and operations in that country

▪ the highly competitive nature of the construction industry

▪ a pandemic, epidemic or other public health emergency

▪ the impact of future regulatory or legislative actions, including those relating to climate change, biodiversity, land use, wetlands, greenhouse gas emissions, the definition of minerals, tax policy and domestic and international trade

▪ the outcome of pending legal proceedings

▪ pricing of our products

▪ weather and other natural phenomena, including the impact of climate change and availability of water

▪ availability and cost of trucks, railcars, barges and ships, as well as their licensed operators, for transport of our materials

▪ energy costs

▪ costs of hydrocarbon-based raw materials

▪ healthcare costs

▪ labor relations, shortages and constraints

▪ the amount of long-term debt and interest expense we incur

▪ changes in interest rates

▪ volatility in pension plan asset values and liabilities, which may require cash contributions to the pension plans

▪ the impact of environmental cleanup costs and other liabilities relating to existing and/or divested businesses

▪ our ability to secure and permit aggregates reserves in strategically located areas

▪ our ability to identify, close and successfully integrate acquisitions

▪ the effect of changes in tax laws, guidance and interpretations

▪ significant downturn in the construction industry may result in the impairment of goodwill or long-lived assets

▪ changes in technologies, which could disrupt the way we do business and how our products are distributed

▪ the risks of open pit and underground mining

▪ expectations relating to environmental, social and governance considerations

▪ claims that our products do not meet regulatory requirements or contractual specifications

▪ other assumptions, risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in our periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission

All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of filing or publication. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by law. Investors are cautioned not to rely unduly on such forward-looking statements when evaluating the information presented in our filings, and are advised to consult any of our future disclosures in filings made with the Securities and Exchange Commission and our press releases with regard to our business and consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

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INVESTOR INFORMATION

We make available on our website, *www.vulcanmaterials.com*, free of charge, copies of our:

▪ Annual Report on Form 10-K

▪ Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q

▪ Current Reports on Form 8-K

Our website also includes amendments to those reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as well as all Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed with the SEC by our executive officers and directors, as soon as the filings are made publicly available by the SEC on its EDGAR database (*www.sec.gov*).

In addition to accessing copies of our reports online, you may request a copy of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, including financial statements, by writing to Denson N. Franklin III, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Vulcan Materials Company, 1200 Urban Center Drive, Birmingham, Alabama 35242.

We have a:

▪ Business Conduct Policy applicable to all employees and directors

▪ Code of Ethics for the CEO and Senior Financial Officers

Copies of the Business Conduct Policy and the Code of Ethics are available on our website under the "Investor Relations" tab ("Governance" section). If we make any amendment to, or waiver of, any provision of the Code of Ethics, we will disclose such information on our website as well as through filings with the SEC.

Our Board of Directors has also adopted:

▪ Corporate Governance Guidelines

▪ Charters for our Audit, Compensation & Human Capital, Executive, Finance, Governance and Safety, Health & Environmental Affairs Committees

These documents meet all applicable SEC and New York Stock Exchange regulatory requirements.

The Charters of the Audit, Compensation & Human Capital and Governance Committees are available on our website under the "Investor Relations" tab ("Governance – Committee Composition" section) or you may request a copy of any of these documents by writing to Denson N. Franklin III, Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, Vulcan Materials Company, 1200 Urban Center Drive, Birmingham, Alabama 35242.

Information included on our website is not incorporated into, or otherwise made a part of, this report.

------

---

| |
|:---|
| ITEM 3 |
| **QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK** |

---

**MARKET RISK**

We are exposed to certain market risks arising from transactions that are entered into in the normal course of business. To manage these market risks, we may use derivative financial instruments. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

As discussed in the <u>[Liquidity and Financial Resources](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_130)</u> section of <u>[Part I, Item 2 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations"](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_100)</u>, we actively manage our capital structure and resources to balance the cost of capital and risk of financial stress. Such activity includes balancing the cost and risk of interest expense. In addition to floating-rate borrowings, we at times use interest rate swaps to manage the mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt.

At June 30, 2025, the estimated fair value of our long-term debt including current maturities was $4,281.3 million compared to a face value of $4,440.7 million. The estimated fair value was determined by averaging several asking price quotes for the publicly traded notes and assuming par value for the remainder of the debt. The fair value estimate is based on information available as of the balance sheet date. The effect of a decline in interest rates of one percentage point would increase the fair value of our debt by approximately $393.4 million.

We are exposed to certain economic risks related to the costs of our pension and other postretirement benefit plans. These economic risks include changes in the discount rate for high-quality bonds and the expected return on plan assets. The impact of a change in these assumptions on our annual pension and other postretirement benefits costs is discussed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

---

| |
|:---|
| ITEM 4 |
| **CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES** |

---

**DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES**

We maintain a system of controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC's rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a - 15(e) or 15d - 15(e)), include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with the participation of other management officials, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2025. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2025.

We are in the process of implementing a comprehensive enterprise performance management system that will replace our existing financial reporting, management reporting, and budgeting and forecasting systems. The financial reporting phase of this system implementation was completed in the first quarter of 2025, and we expect management reporting to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2025. The budgeting and forecasting phase of this system implementation is expected to be completed by the end of 2026. Excluding the acquisitions of Wake Stone and Superior noted below, no other changes were made during the second quarter of 2025 to our internal controls over financial reporting, nor have there been other factors that materially affect these controls.

We completed our acquisitions of Wake Stone on November 8, 2024 and Superior on December 20, 2024, both of which operated under their own set of systems and internal controls. We are currently integrating both companies into our operations and internal control processes. This integration will continue during the first year of each business combination.

------

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

---

| |
|:---|
| ITEM 1 |
| **LEGAL PROCEEDINGS** |

---

Certain legal proceedings in which we are involved are discussed in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements and Part I, Item 3 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and in Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements and Part II, Item 1 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. See <u>[Note 8](#i18e2ea6e8b324fa289ecf79923e78612_61)</u> to the condensed consolidated financial statements of this Form 10-Q for a discussion of certain recent developments concerning our legal proceedings.

---

| |
|:---|
| ITEM 1A |
| **RISK FACTORS** |

---

There were no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

---

| |
|:---|
| ITEM 2 |
| **UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS** |

---

We did not purchase any of our equity securities during the second quarter of 2025.

We did not have any unregistered sales of equity securities during the second quarter of 2025.

---

| |
|:---|
| ITEM 4 |
| **MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES** |

---

The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in <u>[Exhibit 95](a2q25-ex95.htm)</u> of this report.

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| |
|:---|
| ITEM 5 |
| **OTHER INFORMATION** |

---

**SECURITIES TRADING PLANS OF SECTION 16 OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS**

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, none of our Section 16 officers or directors adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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---

| |
|:---|
| ITEM 6 |
| **EXHIBITS** |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Exhibit 10.1 | <u>[Vulcan Materials Company 2025 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan, filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No, 333-287131) filed on May 9, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1396009/000114036125018086/ef20048630_ex99-1.htm)</u> <sup>1</sup> |
| Exhibit 10.2 | <u>[Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Vulcan Materials Company 2025 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan](a2q25-exhibit102.htm)</u> |
| Exhibit 10.3 | <u>[Form of Stock-Only Stock Appreciation Rights Award Agreement under the Vulcan Materials Company 2025 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan](a2q25-exhibit103.htm)</u> |
| Exhibit 10.4 | <u>[Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Vulcan Materials Company 2025 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan](a2q25-exhibit104.htm)</u> |
| Exhibit 10.5 | <u>[Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement under the Vulcan Materials Company 2025 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan](a2q25-exhibit105.htm)</u> |
| Exhibit 31(a) | <u>[Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](a2q25-ex31.htm)</u> |
| Exhibit 31(b) | <u>[Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](a2q25-ex31.htm)</u> |
| Exhibit 32(a) | <u>[Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](a2q25-ex32.htm)</u> |
| Exhibit 32(b) | <u>[Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002](a2q25-ex32.htm)</u> |
| Exhibit 95 | <u>[MSHA Citations and Litigation](a2q25-ex95.htm)</u> |
| Exhibit 101 | The following unaudited financial information from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 are formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |
| Exhibit 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 is formatted in iXBRL (contained in Exhibit 101). |

---

<sup>1</sup>*Incorporated by reference.*

Our SEC file number for documents filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is 001-33841.

------

**SIGNATURES**<br>

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY** |
| Date | July 31, 2025 | /s/ Randy L. Pigg<br>Randy L. Pigg<br>Vice President, Controller<br>(Principal Accounting Officer) |
| Date | July 31, 2025 | /s/ Mary Andrews Carlisle<br>Mary Andrews Carlisle<br>Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer<br>(Principal Financial Officer) |

---

## Ex-10

---

| |
|:---|
| **EXHIBIT 10.2** |
| **VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY**<br>**2025 OMNIBUS LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN**<br>**NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTOR RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AGREEMENT**<br>**TERMS AND CONDITIONS / [________ __, 20__]** |

---

THIS AGREEMENT (the "Agreement"), dated as of the Grant Date, which is the date set forth on page one of this Agreement, is between Vulcan Materials Company (the "Company") and the Participant, as designated on page one of this Agreement. This Agreement sets forth the terms of the grant described in Section 2 below.

RECITALS:

The Company adopted the 2025 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (as it may be amended and/or restated, the "Plan") in order to provide for a wide array of stock-based and other long-term incentives for eligible participants. The Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board (the "Administrator") hereby grants Restricted Stock Units (the "RSUs") to the Participant, in accordance with the requirements of the Plan to carry out the purposes of the Plan. In consideration of being awarded the RSUs, the Participant agrees with the Company as follows:

**1.*Definitions.*** All defined terms contained in the Plan are hereby incorporated by reference, except to the extent that any term is specifically defined in this Agreement.

**2.*Grant of Restricted Stock Units; Vesting; Dividend Equivalents.***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Grant</u>. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, this Agreement, and any applicable deferral election form executed by the Participant, the Administrator hereby grants to the Participant the number of RSUs designated on page one of this Agreement. The RSUs represent an unfunded and unsecured obligation of the Company to issue the same number of shares of Common Stock (the "Shares") in accordance with Section 3 as RSUs granted pursuant to this Section 2(a), or accrued pursuant to Section 2(c), under this Agreement. As of the Grant Date, an account is established for the Participant (the "Deferral Account"), and is credited with the number of RSUs shown on page one. No Shares have been transferred or set aside, or will be transferred or set aside, from the general creditors of the Company to fund this award. The Participant has no right to vote or (except as otherwise provided in Section 2(c) below with respect to Dividend Equivalents) receive dividends on the Shares represented by the RSUs until the Shares have been issued, as explained below.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Vesting</u>. The Participant's RSUs will vest on the first to occur of (i) the one year anniversary of the Grant Date or (ii) the date of the next annual meeting following the shareholders meeting at which non-employee Directors were elected or appointed to the Board, so long as the period between the date of the annual meeting of the Company's shareholders related to the Grant Date and the date of the next annual meeting of the Company's shareholders is not less than 50 weeks.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Dividend Equivalents</u>. During the period from the Grant Date to the issuance of Shares in accordance with Section 3 (the "Deferral Period"), the Participant's Deferral Account will be credited with dividend equivalents equal to the dividends paid on the number of Shares represented by the RSUs during the Deferral Period ("Dividend Equivalents"). The Dividend Equivalents will be converted to additional RSUs by dividing the Dividend Equivalents by the Fair Market Value of one Share on the date the dividend is paid. In the case of dividends paid in property, the amount credited will be based on the fair market value of the property on the date the dividend is paid. Any such RSUs credited to the Deferral Account under this Section 2(c) will be subject to the same vesting and distribution restrictions and other terms of this Agreement as the RSUs giving rise to the Dividend Equivalents.

**3.*Payment of Restricted Stock Units***. The issuance of Shares in settlement of the Participant's rights under this Agreement will be made in a lump sum payment of whole shares with any fractional shares paid in cash during whichever of the following periods ends first:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.within 75 days of vesting, unless the Participant has an executed Deferral Election in place, then in accordance with the deferral election provisions in Section 4;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.within 75 days of the date of the Participant's death or disability, as defined under Code Section 409A ("Disability"), provided that the Participant does not have the right to designate the taxable year of the payment; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.within 75 days of the date of a change of control of the Company, as defined under Code Section 409A, provided that the Participant does not have the right to designate the taxable year of the payment.

**4.*Deferral Elections***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Prior Year Elections</u>. In a calendar year prior to the year of the Grant Date, the Participant may elect to defer the issuance of Shares and Dividend Equivalents in settlement of the Participant's rights under this Agreement beyond the period established in Section 3(a) in accordance with subsection 4(b).

 Exhibit 10.2

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Deferral Options</u>. Pursuant to an election under subsection 4(a), the Participant may elect to receive settlement in approximately equal annual installments over a period of between 2 and 10 years beginning during the period established in Section 3(a), provided payment is not made under Section 3(b) or Section 3(c). The amount of each installment payment will be determined by dividing the number of RSUs in the Participant's Deferral Account on the payment date by the number of installments remaining (for example, the number of shares in the first of five installment payments will equal the number of RSUs on the payment date divided by five, and the number of shares in the second of five installments will equal the number of RSUs on the second payment date divided by four). An election made under this Section 4 will be irrevocable and must be made by executing and submitting the appropriate election form to the Administrator. Each installment payment shall be treated as a separate payment for purposes of Code Section 409A.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Death, Disability or Change of Control During Settlement Period</u>. Upon the Participant's death or Disability or upon a change of control of the Company, as defined under Code Section 409A, during the settlement period, issuance of any remaining Shares in settlement of the Participant's rights under this Agreement will be made in a lump sum payment during the period specified in Section 3(b), in the case of death or Disability, or during the period specified in Section 3(c), in the case of a change of control.

**5.*Additional Provisions***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>No Right to Continued Service; No Right to Further Awards</u>. Nothing in the Plan or the Agreement gives the Participant any right to continue in the service of the Company or an Affiliate or interferes in any way with the right of the Company to terminate the Participant's service at any time. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or this Agreement, all rights of the Participant with respect to the unvested portion of the Award (if any) will terminate on the Participant's Termination Date. The grant of the Award does not create any obligation to grant further awards.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Notices</u>. Any notice necessary under the Agreement should be addressed to the Company in care of its Chief Human Resources Officer at the principal executive office of the Company and to the Participant at the address appearing in the personnel records of the Company for the Participant or to either party at such other address as either party may hereafter designate in writing to the other. Any such notice will be deemed effective upon receipt thereof by the addressee.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Tax Consequences</u>. The Participant acknowledges that he or she is solely responsible and liable for the satisfaction of all taxes and penalties that may arise in connection with the RSUs (including but not limited to any income or excise taxes and penalties arising under Code Section 409A), and the Company shall not have any obligation to indemnify, gross up or otherwise hold the Participant or any other person harmless from any or all such taxes. The Participant acknowledges that the Company has made no warranties or representations to the Participant with respect to the tax consequences (including, but not limited to, income or excise tax consequences) related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and the Participant is in no manner relying on the Company or its representatives for an assessment of such tax consequences. The Participant acknowledges that there may be adverse tax consequences upon the grant or vesting of the Award and/or the acquisition or disposition of the Shares or other benefits subject to the Award and that he or she has been advised that he or she should consult with his or her own attorney, accountant and/or tax advisor regarding the decision to enter into this Agreement and the consequences thereof. The Participant also acknowledges that the Company has no responsibility to take or refrain from taking any actions in order to achieve a certain tax result for the Participant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.<u>Award Subject to Plan</u>. By entering into this Agreement, the Participant agrees and acknowledges that the Participant has received and read a copy of the Plan and Plan prospectus. The Participant acknowledges and agrees that the Award and the Participant's rights are subject to the Plan, as the Plan may be amended. The terms and provisions of the Plan are incorporated herein by reference. In the event of a conflict between any term or provision in the Agreement and a term or provision of the Plan, the Plan terms will govern, unless the Administrator determines otherwise.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.<u>Amendment; Waiver; Superseding Effect</u>. This Agreement may be modified or amended as provided in the Plan. The waiver by the Company of a breach of any provision of this Agreement by the Participant will not operate or be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach by the Participant. The Agreement supersedes any statements, representations or agreements of the Company with respect to the grant of the Award or any related rights, and the Participant waives any rights or claims related to any such statements, representations or agreements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f.<u>Recoupment and Forfeiture</u>. As a condition to receiving the RSUs, the Participant agrees that he or she will abide by and be subject to the Company's Clawback Polic(ies), Stock Ownership and Equity Retention Polic(ies) and/or other policies adopted by the Company or an Affiliate, each as in effect from time to time and to the extent applicable to the Participant. Further, the Participant will be subject to such compensation recovery, recoupment, forfeiture or other similar provisions as may apply under this Agreement, any other agreement or arrangement and/or Applicable Law. By participating in the Plan, the Participant is deemed to have consented to the provisions of the Plan.

 Exhibit 10.2

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g.<u>Administrator Discretion</u>. The Administrator has full authority and discretion with respect to the RSUs and this Agreement to the extent provided in the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h.<u>Governing Law</u>. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or herein, this Agreement shall be governed by and in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey, without regard to the conflict of laws provisions of any state, and in accordance with applicable federal laws of the United States. Any and all disputes between a Participant or person claiming through him or her and the Company or any Affiliate relating to the Plan or the RSUs shall be brought only in the state courts located in Birmingham, Alabama, or the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, as appropriate.

 Exhibit 10.2

## Ex-10

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| |
|:---|
| **EXHIBIT 10.3** |
| **VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY**<br>**STOCK-ONLY STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS AWARD AGREEMENT**<br>**GRANTED UNDER THE 2025 OMNIBUS LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN**<br>**TERMS AND CONDITIONS / GRANT DATE: [________ __, 20__]** |

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**1.*Definitions.*** In addition to other terms defined herein, the following terms will have the meanings as follows, and terms not defined in the Agreement have the meanings given in the Plan:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a."Administrator" means the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Board") or the Board.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b."Agreement" means this Stock-Only Stock Appreciation Rights Award Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c."Company" means Vulcan Materials Company, a New Jersey corporation, or its successors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d."Disability" means Permanent and Total Disability whereby the Participant is entitled to long-term disability benefits under the applicable long-term disability plan of the Company or an Affiliate, or, to the extent the Participant is not eligible to participate in any Company-sponsored plan, under the guidelines of the Social Security Administration, or as otherwise defined in the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e."Exercise Price" means the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Grant Date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f."Fair Market Value" or "FMV" means the closing stock price per Share as reported on the principal stock exchange on which such Shares are listed on the exercise date (with Fair Market Value on the exercise date determined, for this purpose (unless the Administrator determines otherwise), based on the closing price of a Share on the last trading day immediately preceding the exercise date).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g."Grant Date" means the grant date of the SOSARs awarded herein.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h."Participant" means the employee of or other service provider to the Company or its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates granted the SOSARs under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i."Plan" means the Vulcan Materials Company 2025 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan, as it may be amended and/or restated.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j."Share" means a share of Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share, of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;k."Stock-Only Stock Appreciation Right" or "SOSAR" means the right granted to the Participant by the Company to receive Shares having a Fair Market Value equal to the excess, if any, of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of exercise (with Fair Market Value on the exercise date determined, for this purpose, unless the Administrator determines otherwise, based on the closing price of a Share on the last trading day immediately preceding the exercise date) over the Exercise Price for each such right granted.

**2.*Grant and Term of the SOSARs.***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Grant</u>. The Participant is awarded the number of SOSARs identified through the electronic, on-line grant acceptance process, subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Agreement. The Participant's on-line acceptance of the Agreement constitutes his or her agreement to the Agreement's terms, including but not limited to the restrictive covenants in Sections 4(a) and 5 herein.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Term</u>. The SOSARs will terminate and may no longer be exercised on the first to occur of (i) the date ten (10) years after the Grant Date or (ii) the last date for exercising a SOSAR following termination of the Participant's employment with or service to the Company or upon a Change of Control, as described in Section 4. The Participant acknowledges that the Company has no obligation to advise the Participant of the pending expiration of the SOSARs.

**3.*Exercise of the SOSAR***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Vesting and Right to Exercise</u>. The SOSARs will vest and become exercisable in installments as follows, subject to the Participant's continued employment with the Company from the Grant Date until each applicable vesting date, except as otherwise provided in Section 4:

On the first anniversary of the Grant Date (the "First Vesting Date"), one-third of the SOSARs will vest and become exercisable. An additional one-third of the SOSARs will vest and become exercisable on each of the second and third anniversaries of the First Vesting Date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Vesting of Partial Shares</u>. In the event that the vesting schedule set forth above yields a fractional number of SOSARs, the number of SOSARs subject to vesting in any given year will be rounded down to the nearest whole number of SOSARs.

 Exhibit 10.3

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Method of Exercise</u>. SOSARs may be exercised by the Participant communicating proper notice to the Company's third party stock plan administrator, which notice must include the Participant's election to exercise the SOSARs, the number of SOSARs being exercised and such other representations and agreements with respect to such SOSARs as may be required pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement and the Plan. The Fair Market Value on the exercise date is determined, for this purpose (unless the Administrator determines otherwise), based on the closing price of a Share on the last trading day immediately preceding the exercise date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.<u>Automatic Exercise</u>. Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless the Administrator determines otherwise, in the event that any portion of the SOSARs is exercisable and is scheduled to expire pursuant to this Agreement and both (A) the date on which such portion of the SOSARs is scheduled to expire falls during a Company blackout trading period applicable to the Participant (whether such period is imposed at the election of the Company or is required by Applicable Law to be imposed) and (B) the Exercise Price per share of such portion of the SOSARs is less than the Fair Market Value, then on the date that such portion of the SOSARs is scheduled to expire, such portion of the SOSARs (to the extent not previously exercised by the Participant) shall be automatically exercised on behalf of the Participant through a net settlement of both the Exercise Price and the applicable withholding taxes due (if any) upon such automatic exercise, and the consideration payable upon such automatic exercise shall be delivered to the Participant as soon as practicable thereafter.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.<u>Delivery of Shares</u>. Upon the exercise of a SOSAR, the Shares will be issued as soon as practicable to the Participant's account maintained by the Company's third party stock plan administrator.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f.<u>Withholding</u>. The Company will withhold Shares having a Fair Market Value on the date the tax is to be determined as nearly equal as possible to but not exceeding (unless otherwise permitted by the Administrator as provided in the Plan) the amount of such obligations being satisfied for federal, state, local and employment taxes. Such withholding obligations shall be subject to such terms and procedures as may be established by the Administrator.

**4.*Termination of Employment; Change of Control***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Termination at age 55 or above</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i.If a Participant terminates from employment at age 55-61 other than Cause (for these purposes, "Early Retirement"), the outstanding SOSARs will become non-forfeitable in accordance with Table A, provided that the Participant has been employed continuously from the Grant Date until the Termination Date. Such non-forfeitable SOSARs will continue to vest and become exercisable in accordance with Section 3(a) (notwithstanding the Participant's termination of employment) and will remain exercisable for the remainder of the 10-year term, except as otherwise provided herein. The Participant may be required (except where not enforceable under applicable state or federal laws) to execute a reasonable non-competition covenant with the Company restricting the Participant from competing with the Company in a specified territory for a specified period of time. If such covenant is required by the Company and (A) is not executed by the Participant, the Participant may exercise vested SOSARs until the first to occur of (i) the date that is 30 days after the Participant's Termination Date or (ii) the date on which the SOSARs expire according to their term, and the SOSARs will expire after such date, or (B) the Participant violates the covenant, the SOSARs will be forfeited; in addition, in each case, the unvested SOSARs on the Termination Date will be forfeited as of such date.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **TABLE A** | **TABLE A** |
| **If Participant age 55-61 terminates:** | **The percentage of SOSARs that are vested or will become non-forfeitable is:** |
| At 1/1/20[__] or After | 34% of the award |
| At 1/1/20[__] or After | 67% of the award |
| At 1/1/20[__] or After | 100% of the award |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii.If a Participant terminates from employment at age 62 or later other than for Cause (for these purposes, "Retirement"), the outstanding SOSARs which have been held by the Participant until [1/1/20__] will be non- forfeitable, provided that the Participant has been employed continuously from the Grant Date until the Termination Date. Such non-forfeitable SOSARs will continue to vest and become exercisable in accordance with Section 3(a) (notwithstanding the Participant's termination of employment) and will remain exercisable for the remainder of the 10-year term, except as otherwise provided herein. The Participant may be required to execute a reasonable non-competition covenant (except where not applicable due to some state laws) with the Company restricting the Participant from competing with the Company in a specified territory for a specified period of time. If such covenant is required by the Company and (A) is not executed by the Participant, the Participant may exercise vested SOSARs until the first to occur of (i) the date that is 30 days after the Participant's Termination Date or (ii) the date on which the SOSARs expire according to their term, and such

 Exhibit 10.3

------

vested SOSARs will expire after such date, and (B) the Participant violates the covenant, the SOSARs will be forfeited; in addition, in each case, the unvested SOSARs on the Termination Date will be forfeited as of such date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Disability</u>. Upon determination of Disability, the SOSARs outstanding as of the date of such Disability will become fully vested and immediately exercisable, provided that the Participant has been employed continuously from the Grant Date until the date of determination of Disability. The SOSARs will remain exercisable for the remainder of the 10-year term.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Death</u>. Upon the death of a Participant, the SOSARs outstanding as of the date of death will become fully vested and immediately exercisable; provided that the Participant has been employed continuously from the Grant Date until the date of death. Such SOSARs may be exercised by the Participant's legal representatives at any time until the first to occur of (i) the date that is one year after the Participant's death or (ii) the date on which the SOSARs expire according to their term.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.<u>Other Termination</u>. Upon voluntary termination prior to age 55, or upon involuntary termination for reasons other than death, Disability or Cause as determined under Section 4(e), and provided that the Participant has been continuously employed from the Grant Date until the Termination Date, the Participant may exercise vested SOSARs until the first to occur of (i) the date that is 30 days after the Participant's Termination Date or (ii) the date on which the SOSARs expire according to their term, and such vested SOSARs will expire on such date. The SOSARs that are unvested on the Termination Date will be forfeited as of such date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.<u>Termination for Cause</u>. If a Participant's employment is terminated for Cause, all SOSARs, whether vested or unvested, outstanding as of the Terminate Date will immediately terminate and may not be exercised to any extent by the Participant. The Administrator will have complete discretion to determine the basis for the Participant's termination, including but not limited to whether the Participant has been terminated for Cause. The Administrator's determination will be final and binding on all persons for purposes of the Plan and this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f.<u>Change of Control of the Company</u>. In the event a Change of Control occurs, and subject to Plan terms, the following will apply:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i.To the extent that the successor or surviving company in the Change of Control event does not assume or substitute for the SOSARs (or in which the Company is the ultimate parent corporation and does not continue the SOSARs) on substantially similar terms or with substantially equivalent economic benefits (as determined by the Administrator prior to the Change of Control) as SOSARs outstanding under the Plan immediately prior to the Change of Control event, the SOSARs will become fully vested and exercisable. For the purposes of this Section 4(f)(i) and Section 4(f)(ii), the SOSARs will not be considered to have been assumed, substituted or continued if the class of equity security underlying the SOSARs after the Change of Control is not listed on the NYSE or The Nasdaq Stock Market.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii.Further, in the event that the SOSARs are substituted, assumed or continued as provided in Section 4(f)(i) herein, the SOSARs will become fully vested and exercisable if the employment of the Participant is terminated within six months before (in which case vesting will not occur until the effective date of the Change of Control) or two years (or such other period after a Change of Control as may be stated in a Participant's employment, change of control, severance, consulting or other similar agreement, plan or policy, if applicable) after the effective date of a Change of Control and such termination of employment (i) is by the Company not for Cause or (ii) is by the Participant for Good Reason. The vested SOSARs must be exercised, if at all, as provided in Section 4.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iii.In the event that the SOSARs are substituted, assumed or continued as provided in Section 4(f)(i) herein, the Participant will also be entitled to receive, with respect to each SOSAR that becomes vested following the effective date of the Change of Control pursuant to Section 3 or Section 4, a value restoration payment with respect to such SOSAR (a "Value Restoration Payment"), provided that the Value Restoration Payment will only be payable if the Participant remains in continuous employment or service with the Company or its successor or an Affiliate of the Company or its successor through the applicable vesting date. The Value Restoration Payment will be equal to the difference between the Fair Market Value of the surviving entity's common stock (or equivalent security) on the effective date of the Change of Control and, if less, the Fair Market Value of the surviving entity's common stock (or equivalent security) on the date of vesting (including the date of any accelerated vesting pursuant to this Section 4) (in each case, less the SOSAR Exercise Price, as such Exercise Price may be adjusted pursuant to Section 4(f)(i), provided that the difference between the Fair Market Value and the exercise price in each calculation may not be less than zero)). Any such Value Restoration Payment shall be paid to the Participant in cash within thirty (30) days following the applicable vesting date.

 Exhibit 10.3

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iv.Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, in the event that the Participant has entered into or is a participant in a change of control, employment, severance, consulting or similar plan or agreement with or established by the Company or an Affiliate, the Participant shall be entitled to the greater of the benefits provided upon a Change of Control under the Plan or the benefits provided upon a change of control of the Company under the other respective plan or agreement, and such other respective plan or agreement shall not be construed to reduce in any way the benefits otherwise provided to the Participant upon the occurrence of a Change of Control as defined in the Plan.

**5.*Non-Solicitation***. In consideration for this Agreement and notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, the Participant agrees to comply with the non-solicitation covenants set forth below (except where not applicable due to some state laws):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Non-Solicitation of Customers</u>. The Participant acknowledges that while employed by or in service to the Company, the Participant will occupy a position of trust and confidence and will acquire confidential information about the Company, its Subsidiaries and other Affiliates, and their clients and customers that is not disclosed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates in the ordinary course of business, including trade secrets, data, formulae, information concerning customers and other information which is of value to the Company because it is not generally known. The Participant agrees that during the period of employment with or service to the Company and for a period of two years after the Participant's Termination Date, regardless of the reason for termination, the Participant will not, either individually or as an officer, director, shareholder, member, partner, agent, consultant or principal of another business firm, directly or indirectly solicit any customer of the Company or of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Non-Solicitation of Employees</u>. The Participant recognizes that while employed by or in service to the Company, the Participant will possess confidential information about other employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates relating to their education, experience, skills, abilities, compensation and benefits, and inter-personal relationships with suppliers to and customers of the Company and its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates. The Participant recognizes that this information is not generally known, is of substantial value to the Company and its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates in developing their respective businesses and in securing and retaining customers, and will be acquired by the Participant because of the Participant's business position with the Company. The Participant agrees that during the period of employment with or service to the Company and for two years after the Participant's Termination Date, regardless of the reason for termination, the Participant will not, directly or indirectly, solicit or recruit any employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates for the purpose of being employed by the Participant or by any business, individual, partnership, firm, corporation or other entity on whose behalf the Participant is acting as an agent, representative or employee and that the Participant will not convey any such confidential information or trade secrets about other employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates to any other person except within the scope of the Participant's duties as an employee of or service provider to the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Remedies</u>. If the Participant violates either of the covenants in Section 5(a) or Section 5(b) above, or the non-competition covenants referenced in Section 4(a), the SOSARs will be forfeited and the Participant's rights under the Agreement will terminate. In addition, if any dispute arises concerning the violation by the Participant of the covenants described in this section, in addition to any other rights or remedies of the Company, an injunction may be issued restraining such violation pending the determination of such controversy, and no bond or other security will be required in connection therewith. Further, the Company will be entitled to any appropriate relief, including money damages, equitable relief, and attorneys' fees.

**6.*Additional Provisions***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>No Right to Continued Employment or Service; No Right to Further Awards</u>. Nothing in the Plan or the Agreement gives the Participant any right to continue in the employment or service of the Company or an Affiliate or interferes in any way with the right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate the Participant's employment or service at any time. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or this Agreement, all rights of the Participant with respect to the unvested portion of the SOSARs (if any) will terminate on the Participant's Termination Date. The grant of the SOSARs does not create any obligation to grant further awards.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Tax Consequences</u>. The Participant acknowledges that he or she is solely responsible and liable for the satisfaction of all taxes and penalties that may arise in connection with the SOSARs (including but not limited to any income or excise taxes and penalties arising under Code Section 409A), and the Company shall not have any obligation to indemnify, gross up or otherwise hold the Participant or any other person harmless from any or all such taxes. The Participant acknowledges that the Company has made no warranties or representations to the Participant with respect to the tax consequences (including, but not limited to, income or excise tax consequences) related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and the Participant is in no manner relying on the Company or its representatives for an assessment of such tax consequences. The Participant acknowledges that there may be adverse tax consequences upon the grant, vesting or exercise of the SOSARs and/or the acquisition or disposition of the Shares or other benefits subject to the SOSARs and that he or she has been advised that he or she should consult with his or her own attorney, accountant and/or

 Exhibit 10.3

------

tax advisor regarding the decision to enter into this Agreement and the consequences thereof. The Participant also acknowledges that the Company has no responsibility to take or refrain from taking any actions in order to achieve a certain tax result for the Participant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>SOSARs Subject to Plan</u>. By entering into this Agreement, the Participant agrees and acknowledges that the Participant has received and read a copy of the Plan and Plan prospectus. The Participant acknowledges and agrees that the Agreement and the Participant's rights are subject to the Plan. The terms and provisions of the Plan are incorporated herein by reference. In the event of a conflict between any term or provision in the Agreement and a term or provision of the Plan, the Plan terms will govern, unless the Administrator determines otherwise.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.<u>Amendment; Waiver; Superseding Effect</u>. This Agreement may be modified or amended as provided in the Plan. The waiver by the Company of a breach of any provision of this Agreement by the Participant will not operate or be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach by the Participant. The Agreement supersedes any statements, representations or agreements of the Company with respect to the grant of the SOSARs or any related rights, and the Participant waives any rights or claims related to any such statements, representations or agreements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.<u>Recoupment and Forfeiture</u>. As a condition to receiving the SOSARs, the Participant agrees that he or she will abide by and be subject to the Company's Clawback Polic(ies), Stock Ownership and Equity Retention Polic(ies) and/or other policies adopted by the Company or an Affiliate, each as in effect from time to time and to the extent applicable to the Participant. Further, the Participant will be subject to such compensation recovery, recoupment, forfeiture or other similar provisions as may apply under this Agreement, any other agreement or arrangement and/or Applicable Law. By participating in the Plan, the Participant is deemed to have consented to the provisions of the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f.<u>Administrator Discretion</u>. The Administrator has full authority and discretion with respect to the SOSARs and this Agreement to the extent provided in the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g.<u>Governing Law</u>. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or herein, this Agreement shall be governed by and in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey, without regard to the conflict of laws provisions of any state, and in accordance with applicable federal laws of the United States. Any and all disputes between a Participant or person claiming through him or her and the Company or any Affiliate relating to the Plan or the SOSARs shall be brought only in the state courts located in Birmingham, Alabama, or the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, as appropriate.

 Exhibit 10.3

## Ex-10

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| |
|:---|
| **EXHIBIT 10.4** |
| **VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY**<br>**RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT**<br>**GRANTED UNDER THE 2025 OMNIBUS LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN**<br>**TERMS AND CONDITIONS / GRANT DATE: [________ __, 20__]** |

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**1.*Definitions.*** In addition to other terms defined herein, the following terms will have the meanings as follows, and terms not defined in the Agreement have the meanings given in the Plan:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a."Administrator" means the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Board") or the Board.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b."Agreement" means this Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c."Company" means Vulcan Materials Company, a New Jersey corporation, or its successors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d."Disability" means Permanent and Total Disability whereby the Participant is entitled to long-term disability benefits under the applicable long-term disability plan of the Company or an Affiliate, or, to the extent the Participant is not eligible to participate in any Company-sponsored plan, under the guidelines of the Social Security Administration, or as otherwise defined in the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e."Fair Market Value or "FMV" means the closing stock price per Share as reported on the principal stock exchange on which such Shares are listed on the Payment Date (or other applicable date), or as otherwise provided in the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f."Grant Date" means the grant date of RSUs awarded herein.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g."Participant" means the employee of or other service provider to the Company or its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates granted the RSUs under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h."Plan" means the Vulcan Materials Company 2025 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan, as it may be amended and/or restated.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i."Payment Date" means the date on which payment of Shares is made in Common Stock under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j."Restricted Stock Unit" or "RSU" means an award of the equivalent of one share of Common Stock. RSUs do not have voting or dividend rights.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;k."Share" means a share of Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share, of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l."Vesting Date" or "Vesting Dates" has the meaning given in Section 2(b) herein.

**2.*Grant and Vesting of RSUs.***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Grant</u>. The Participant is awarded the number of RSUs which are identified through the electronic, on-line grant acceptance process, subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Agreement. For the purposes herein, the Shares subject to the RSUs are units that will be reflected in a book account maintained by the Company and that will be settled in Shares if and only to the extent permitted under the Plan and this Agreement. Prior to issuance of any Shares, the RSUs represent an unsecured obligation of the Company, payable (if at all) only from the Company's general assets. The Participant's on-line acceptance of the Agreement constitutes his or her agreement to the Agreement's terms, including but not limited to the restrictive covenants in Sections 4(a) and 5 herein.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Vesting</u>. The RSUs will cliff vest 100% on the third anniversary of the Grant Date (the "Vesting Date"); provided, however, that the Participant's employment or service continues from the Grant Date until the Vesting Date, and except as otherwise provided in Section 4.

**3.*Payment of Restricted Stock Units***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Stock Issued as Payment for RSUs Earned</u>. Each vested RSU will be settled for one Share. The FMV of the Shares on the Vesting Date will be used to determine the basis of the stock payable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Withholding</u>. The Company will withhold Shares having a Fair Market Value on the date the tax is to be determined as nearly equal as possible to but not exceeding (unless otherwise permitted by the Administrator as provided in the Plan) the amount of such obligations being satisfied for federal, state, local and employment taxes. Such withholding obligations shall be subject to such terms and procedures as may be established by the Administrator.

 Exhibit 10.4

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Timing of Payment</u>. Vested RSUs will be paid to the Participant before 75 days following the Vesting Date on which they vest as determined in Section 2(b), except as otherwise provided in Section 4. The settlement terms in this award agreement apply unless an election to defer settlement has been made in accordance with the Plan and the terms of the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan or any other applicable deferral plan or agreement.

**4.*Termination of Employment; Change of Control***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Termination at age 55 and above and prior to Vesting Date</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i.If a Participant terminates from employment at age 55-61 other than for Cause (for these purposes, "Early Retirement") and prior to the Vesting Date, the RSUs will become vested in accordance with Table A and will be paid within 90 days of the Termination Date. The Participant may be required (except where not enforceable under the applicable state or federal laws) to execute a reasonable non-competition covenant with the Company restricting the Participant from competing with the Company in a specified territory for a specified period of time. If such covenant is required by the Company and is not executed by the Participant, or if the Participant violates the covenant, the RSUs, to the extent unvested, will be forfeited. Any vested RSUs not paid as provided herein will be paid in accordance with Section 3.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **TABLE A** | **TABLE A** |
| **If Participant age 55-61 terminates:** | **The percentage of RSUs that will <br>become non-forfeitable is:** |
| At 1/1/20[__] | 34% of the award |
| At 1/1/20[__] | 67% of the award |
| At 1/1/20[__] | 100% of the award |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii.If a Participant terminates from employment at age 62 or later other than for Cause (for these purposes, "Retirement") and prior to the Vesting Date, the RSUs which have been held by the Participant until on or after 1/1/20[ ] will become fully vested and will be paid within 90 days of the Termination Date. The Participant may be required to execute a reasonable non-competition covenant (except where not applicable due to some state laws) with the Company restricting the Participant from competing with the Company in a specified territory for a specified period of time. If such covenant is required by the Company and is not executed by the Participant or if the Participant violates the covenant, the RSUs, to the extent unvested, will be forfeited. Any vested RSUs not paid as provided herein will be paid in accordance with Section 3.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Disability</u>. Upon the Participant's termination of employment due to Disability, the RSUs granted under this Agreement will become fully vested and will be paid within 90 days after the Termination Date following Disability; provided, however, that the Participant's employment continues from the Grant Date until the Termination Date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Death</u>. Upon the death of the Participant, the RSUs granted under this Agreement will become fully vested and will be paid to the Participant's estate or as directed by Participant's will within 90 days of the date of death; provided, however, that the Participant's employment continues from the Grant Date until the date of the Participant's death.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.<u>Other Termination</u>. Upon voluntary or involuntary termination for reasons other than death, Disability, or Cause as provided under Section 4(e), any unvested RSUs will be forfeited.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.<u>Termination for Cause</u>. If a Participant's employment is terminated for Cause, all RSUs (vested, but not paid or unvested) will immediately be forfeited. The Administrator will have complete discretion to determine the basis of a Participant's termination, including but not limited to whether a Participant has been terminated for Cause. The Administrator's determination will be final and binding on all persons for purposes of the Plan and this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f.<u>Change of Control of the Company</u>. In the event a Change of Control occurs, and subject to Plan terms, the RSUs will be deemed vested as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i.To the extent that the successor or surviving company in the Change of Control event does not assume or substitute for the RSUs (or in which the Company is the ultimate parent corporation and does not continue the RSUs) on substantially similar terms or with substantially equivalent economic benefits (as determined by the Administrator prior to the Change of Control) as Awards outstanding under the Plan immediately prior to the Change of Control event, the RSUs will become fully vested and payable upon the date of the Change of Control. For the purposes of this Section 4(f)(i) and Section 4(f)(ii), the RSUs will not be considered to have been assumed, substituted or continued if the class of equity security underlying the RSUs after the Change of Control is not listed on the NYSE or The Nasdaq Stock Market.

 Exhibit 10.4

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii.Further, in the event that the RSUs are substituted, assumed or continued as provided in Section 4(f)(i) herein, the RSUs will become fully vested if the employment of the Participant is terminated within six months before (in which case vesting will not occur until the effective date of the Change of Control) or two years (or such other period after a Change of Control as may be stated in a Participant's employment, change of control, severance, consulting or other similar agreement, plan or policy, if applicable) after the effective date of a Change of Control and such termination of employment (i) is by the Company not for Cause or (ii) is by the Participant for Good Reason.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iii.In the event that the RSUs are substituted, assumed or continued as provided in Section 4(f)(i) herein, the Participant will also be entitled to receive, with respect to each Share underlying the RSUs that becomes vested following the effective date of the Change of Control pursuant to Section 2(b) or Section 4, a value restoration payment with respect to such Share (a "Value Restoration Payment"), provided that the Value Restoration Payment will only be payable if the Participant remains in continuous employment or service with the Company or its successor or an Affiliate of the Company or its successor through the applicable vesting date. The Value Restoration Payment will be equal to the difference between the Fair Market Value of the surviving entity's common stock (or equivalent security) on the effective date of the Change of Control and, if less, the Fair Market Value of the surviving entity's common stock (or equivalent security) on the date of vesting (including the date of any accelerated vesting pursuant to this Section 4). Any such Value Restoration Payment shall be paid to the Participant in cash at the same time Shares are payable pursuant to the RSUs as provided in Section 3 or Section 4.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iv.Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, in the event that the Participant has entered into or is a participant in a change of control, employment, severance, consulting or similar plan or agreement with or established by the Company or an Affiliate, the Participant shall be entitled to the greater of the benefits provided upon a Change of Control under the Plan or the benefits provided upon a change of control of the Company under the other respective plan or agreement, and such other respective plan or agreement shall not be construed to reduce in any way the benefits otherwise provided to the Participant upon the occurrence of a Change of Control as defined in the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g.<u>Timing of Payment; Separation from Service</u>. If the 90-day payment period described in this Section 4 begins in one (1) calendar year and ends in another, the Participant (or his or her beneficiary) will not have the right to designate the calendar year of the payment. Further, if calculation of the amount of the payment is not administratively practicable due to events beyond the control of the Participant (or his or her beneficiary), the payment will be treated as made within the applicable 90-day time period specified herein if the payment is made during the first taxable year of the Participant in which the calculation of the amount of the payment is administratively practicable or otherwise in accordance with Code Section 409A. The Participant's termination of employment or service will be construed in accordance with the principles applicable to a "separation from service" under Code Section 409A if and to the extent required.

**5.*Non-Solicitation***. In consideration for this Agreement and notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, the Participant agrees to comply with the non-solicitation covenants set forth below (except where not applicable due to some state laws):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Non-Solicitation of Customers</u>. The Participant acknowledges that while employed by or in service to the Company, the Participant will occupy a position of trust and confidence and will acquire confidential information about the Company, its Subsidiaries and other Affiliates, and their clients and customers that is not disclosed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates in the ordinary course of business, including trade secrets, data, formulae, information concerning customers and other information which is of value to the Company because it is not generally known. The Participant agrees that during the period of employment with or service to the Company and for a period of two years after the Participant's Termination Date, regardless of the reason for termination, the Participant will not, either individually or as an officer, director, stockholder, member, partner, agent, consultant or principal of another business firm, directly or indirectly solicit any customer of the Company or of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Non-Solicitation of Employees</u>. The Participant recognizes that while employed by or in service to the Company, the Participant will possess confidential information about other employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates relating to their education, experience, skills, abilities, compensation and benefits, and inter-personal relationships with suppliers to and customers of the Company and its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates. The Participant recognizes that this information is not generally known, is of substantial value to the Company and its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates in developing their respective businesses and in securing and retaining customers, and will be acquired by the Participant because of the Participant's business position with the Company. The Participant agrees that during the period of employment with or service to the Company and for two years after the Participant's Termination Date, regardless of the reason for termination, the Participant will not, directly or indirectly, solicit or recruit any employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates for the purpose of being employed by the Participant or by any business,

 Exhibit 10.4

------

individual, partnership, firm, corporation or other entity on whose behalf the Participant is acting as an agent, representative or employee and that the Participant will not convey any such confidential information or trade secrets about other employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates to any other person except within the scope of the Participant's duties as an employee of or service provider to the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Remedies</u>. If the Participant violates either of the covenants in Section 5(a) or Section 5(b), or the non-competition covenants referenced in Section 4(a), the RSUs will be forfeited and the Participant's rights under this Agreement will terminate. In addition, if any dispute arises concerning the violation by the Participant of the covenants described in this section, in addition to any other rights or remedies of this Company, an injunction may be issued restraining such violation pending the determination of such controversy, and no bond or other security will be required in connection therewith. Further, the Company will be entitled to seek appropriate legal relief, including money damages, equitable relief, and attorneys' fees.

**6.*Additional Provisions***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>No Right to Continued Employment or Service; No Right to Further Awards</u>. Nothing in the Plan or the Agreement gives the Participant any right to continue in the employment or service of the Company or an Affiliate or interferes in any way with the right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate the Participant's employment or service at any time. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or this Agreement, all rights of the Participant with respect to the unvested portion of the RSUs (if any) will terminate on the Participant's Termination Date. The grant of the RSUs does not create any obligation to grant further awards.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Tax Consequences</u>. The Participant acknowledges that he or she is solely responsible and liable for the satisfaction of all taxes and penalties that may arise in connection with the RSUs (including but not limited to any income or excise taxes and penalties arising under Code Section 409A), and the Company shall not have any obligation to indemnify, gross up or otherwise hold the Participant or any other person harmless from any or all such taxes. The Participant acknowledges that the Company has made no warranties or representations to the Participant with respect to the tax consequences (including, but not limited to, income or excise tax consequences) related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and the Participant is in no manner relying on the Company or its representatives for an assessment of such tax consequences. The Participant acknowledges that there may be adverse tax consequences upon the grant or vesting of the RSUs and/or the acquisition or disposition of the Shares or other benefits subject to the RSUs and that he or she has been advised that he or she should consult with his or her own attorney, accountant and/or tax advisor regarding the decision to enter into this Agreement and the consequences thereof. The Participant also acknowledges that the Company has no responsibility to take or refrain from taking any actions in order to achieve a certain tax result for the Participant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>RSUs Subject to Plan</u>. By entering into this Agreement, the Participant agrees and acknowledges that the Participant has received and read a copy of the Plan and Plan prospectus. The Participant acknowledges and agrees that the Agreement and the Participant's rights are subject to the Plan. The terms and provisions of the Plan are incorporated herein by reference. In the event of a conflict between any term or provision in the Agreement and a term or provision of the Plan, the Plan terms will govern, unless the Administrator determines otherwise.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.<u>Amendment; Waiver; Superseding Effect</u>. This Agreement may be modified or amended as provided in the Plan. The waiver by the Company of a breach of any provision of this Agreement by the Participant will not operate or be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach by the Participant. The Agreement supersedes any statements, representations or agreements of the Company with respect to the grant of the RSUs or any related rights, and the Participant waives any rights or claims related to any such statements, representations or agreements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.<u>Recoupment and Forfeiture</u>. As a condition to receiving the RSUs, the Participant agrees that he or she will abide by and be subject to the Company's Clawback Polic(ies), Stock Ownership and Equity Retention Polic(ies) and/or other policies adopted by the Company or an Affiliate, each as in effect from time to time and to the extent applicable to the Participant. Further, the Participant will be subject to such compensation recovery, recoupment, forfeiture or other similar provisions as may apply under this Agreement, any other agreement or arrangement and/or Applicable Law. By participating in the Plan, the Participant is deemed to have consented to the provisions of the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f.<u>Administrator Discretion</u>. The Administrator has full authority and discretion with respect to the RSUs and this Agreement to the extent provided in the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g.<u>Governing Law</u>. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or herein, this Agreement shall be governed by and in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey, without regard to the conflict of laws provisions of any state, and in accordance with applicable federal laws of the United States. Any and all disputes between a Participant or person claiming through him or her and the Company or any Affiliate relating to the Plan or the RSUs shall be brought only in the state courts located in Birmingham, Alabama, or the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, as appropriate.

 Exhibit 10.4

## Ex-10

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| |
|:---|
| **EXHIBIT 10.5** |
| **VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY**<br>**PERFORMANCE SHARE UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT**<br>**GRANTED UNDER THE 2025 OMNIBUS LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN**<br>**TERMS AND CONDITIONS / GRANT DATE: [________ __, 20__]** |

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**1.*Definitions.*** In addition to other terms defined herein, the following terms will have the meanings as follows, and terms not defined in the Agreement have the meanings given in the Plan:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a."Administrator" means the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Board") or the Board.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b."Agreement" means this Performance Share Unit Award Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c."Award Period" means the three-year period shown in Section 3 of this Agreement, except that in the event of the Participant's death, the Award Period will be the period covered by the Agreement ending on December 31st of the calendar year in which the death occurred.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d."Company" means Vulcan Materials Company, a New Jersey corporation, or its successors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e."Disability" means Permanent and Total Disability whereby the Participant is entitled to long-term disability benefits under the applicable long-term disability plan of the Company or an Affiliate, or, to the extent the Participant is not eligible to participate in any Company-sponsored plan, under the guidelines of the Social Security Administration, or as otherwise defined in the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f."Fair Market Value or "FMV" means the closing stock price per Share as reported on the principal stock exchange on which such Shares are listed on the last trading date immediately preceding the Payment Date (or other applicable date), or as otherwise provided in the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g."Grant Date" means the grant date of the PSUs awarded herein.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h."Participant" means the employee of or other service provider to the Company or its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates granted the PSUs under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i."Performance Share Unit" or "PSU" means a Performance Unit Award denominated in Shares in which each Performance Share Unit represents the contingent right to earn one share of Common Stock. PSUs do not have voting or dividend rights.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;j."Plan" means the Vulcan Materials Company 2025 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan, as it may be amended and/or restated.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;k."Payment Date" means the date on which payment of Shares is made in Common Stock under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;l."Share" means a share of Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share, of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;m."Vesting Date" or "Vesting Dates" has the meaning given in Section 2(b) herein.

**2.*Grant and Vesting of PSUs.***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Grant</u>. The Participant is awarded the number of PSUs identified through the electronic, on-line grant acceptance process, subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Agreement. The Participant's on-line acceptance of the Agreement constitutes his or her agreement to the Agreement's terms, including but not limited to the restrictive covenants in Sections 4(a) and 5 herein. Depending on the Company's performance as set forth in Section 3, the Participant may earn zero percent (0%) to two hundred percent (200%) of the PSUs awarded.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Vesting</u>. The PSUs will become vested, to the extent earned, on December 31, 20[ ] at the end of the Award Period; provided, however, that the Participant's employment or service continues from the Grant Date until the vesting date, and except as otherwise provided in Section 4.

**3.*Payment of Performance Share Awards***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Award Period and Percentage of Awards Payable</u>. The Award Period for this award begins on January 1, 20[ ] and ends on December 31, 20[ ]. Utilizing the performance Share Unit Award Payment Tables below, Table A and Table B, the Administrator establishes the Total Percentage of Awards Payable ("Total Percentage") for the Award Period. The Total Percentage is based [50%] on the Company's 3-year average Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") relative to S&P 500 Index as comprised on January 1 of the year of grant ("TSR Percentage"). The calculation of TSR uses the 20-trading-day average (12/1 thru 12/31) at the beginning and end of each period and an average of the annual TSR periods. The remaining [50%] is based on the annual average growth rate of aggregate Cash Gross Profit per ton ("CGP/ton") during the Award Period ("CGP Percentage").

 Exhibit 10.5

------

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **PSU Payment Table** | **PSU Payment Table** | **PSU Payment Table** | **PSU Payment Table** |
| **TABLE A** | **TABLE A** | **TABLE B** | **TABLE B** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**3-Year Average Total Shareholder Return Percentile Rank Relative to S&P 500 Index** | **% of Performance Share Units Payable** | **Cash Gross Profit<br>Per Ton Annual Growth** | **% of Performance Share Units Payable** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;75<sup>th</sup> or Greater<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Maximum) | 100% | [9.5%] or Greater<br>(Maximum) | 100% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;50<sup>th</sup> (Target) | 50% | [4.5%] (Target) | 50% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;25<sup>th</sup> (Threshold) | 12.5% | [0.5%] (Threshold) | 12.5% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Less than 25<sup>th</sup> | 0% | Less than [0.5%] | 0% |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>PSUs Payable</u>. The number of Shares payable is the sum of the number of PSUs awarded multiplied by the TSR Percentage payable plus the number of PSUs awarded multiplied by the CGP Percentage payable. For performance levels falling between the values as shown above, the Percentages will be determined by interpolation. Payment will be made in Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>The Value of the Stock Issued as Payment for PSUs Earned</u>. The FMV will be used to determine the basis of the Shares payable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.<u>Withholding</u>. The Company will withhold Shares having a Fair Market Value on the date the tax is to be determined as nearly equal as possible to but not exceeding (unless otherwise permitted by the Administrator as provided in the Plan) the amount of such obligations being satisfied for federal, state, local and employment taxes. Such withholding obligations shall be subject to such terms and procedures as may be established by the Administrator.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.<u>Timing of Payment</u>. Payment will be made to a Participant between January 1 and March 15 of the calendar year after the calendar year in which the Award Period, as defined in Section 1(c), ends. The settlement terms in this award agreement apply unless an election to defer settlement has been made in accordance with the Plan and the terms of the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan or any other applicable deferral plan or agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f.<u>Administrator Discretion</u>. The Administrator has full authority and discretion with respect to the PSUs and this Agreement to the extent provided in the Plan. In addition, without limiting the effect of the foregoing, (i) the Administrator may exercise its discretion to reduce or eliminate payments if the Award Period average TSR is less than the 25th percentile and the CGP/ton is less than [0.5%], and (ii) the Administrator has sole discretion to establish the Comparison Group to be used in evaluating the performance of the Company in accordance with Section 3(a), and may change the Comparison Group from time to time.

**4.*Termination of Employment; Change of Control***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Termination at age 55 and above</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i.If a Participant terminates from employment at age 55-61 other than for Cause (for these purposes, "Early Retirement"), the PSUs will become non-forfeitable in accordance with Table B and will be paid to the extent earned in accordance with Section 3. The Participant may be required (except where not enforceable under the applicable state or federal laws) to execute a reasonable non- competition covenant with the Company restricting the Participant from competing with the Company in a specified territory for a specified period of time. If such covenant is required by the Company and is not executed by the Participant, or if the Participant violates the covenant, unvested PSUs will be forfeited and vested PSUs not yet paid as of the Termination Date will be paid to the extent earned in accordance with Section 3.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **TABLE B** | **TABLE B** |
| **If Participant age 55-61 terminates:** | **The percentage of PSUs that will <br>become non-forfeitable is:** |
| On or after 1/1/20[__] | 34% of the award |
| On or after 1/1/20[__] | 67% of the award |
| On or after 1/1/20[__] | 100% of the award |

---

 Exhibit 10.5

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii.If a Participant terminates from employment at age 62 or later other than for Cause (for these purposes, "Retirement"), the PSUs which have been held by the Participant until 1/1/20[ ] will be deemed to be non- forfeitable and will be paid to the extent earned in accordance with Section 3. The Participant may be required to execute a reasonable non- competition covenant (except where not enforceable under the applicable state or federal laws) with the Company restricting the Participant from competing with the Company in a specified territory for a specified period of time. If such covenant is required by the Company and is not executed by the Participant, or if the Participant violates the covenant, unvested PSUs will be forfeited and vested PSUs not yet paid as of the Termination Date will be paid to the extent earned in accordance with Section 3.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Disability</u>. Upon the Participant's termination of employment due to Disability, the PSUs granted under this Agreement will become non-forfeitable. All non- forfeitable PSUs will be paid to the extent earned in accordance with Section 3.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Death</u>. Upon the death of the Participant, the PSUs granted under this Agreement will become non-forfeitable. All non-forfeitable PSUs will be paid to the Participant's beneficiary or estate to the greater of the extent earned in accordance with Section 3 or target.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.<u>Other Termination</u>. Upon voluntary or involuntary termination for reasons other than Early Retirement, Retirement, death, Disability or Cause, any unvested PSUs will be forfeited and vested PSUs not yet paid as of the Participant's Termination Date will be paid to the extent earned in accordance with Section 3.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.<u>Termination for Cause</u>. If a Participant's employment is terminated for Cause, the PSUs will immediately be forfeited, even with respect to vested PSUs which were otherwise non-forfeitable but not yet paid. The Administrator will have complete discretion to determine the basis of a Participant's termination, including but not limited to whether a Participant has been terminated for Cause. The Administrator's determination will be final and binding on all persons for purposes of the Plan and this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f.<u>Change of Control of the Company</u>. In the event a Change of Control occurs, and subject to Plan terms, the PSUs will be deemed earned and vested as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;i.To the extent that the successor or surviving company in the Change of Control event does not assume or substitute for the PSUs (or in which the Company is the ultimate parent corporation and does not continue the PSUs) on substantially similar terms or with substantially equivalent economic benefits (as determined by the Administrator prior to the Change of Control) as Awards outstanding under the Plan immediately prior to the Change of Control event, the PSUs will become fully vested and deemed earned (A) at the greater of actual performance or target performance if actual performance is determinable, or (B) at target performance if actual performance is not determinable. For the purposes of this Section 4(f)(i) and Section 4(f)(ii), the PSUs will not be considered to have been assumed, substituted or continued if the class of equity security underlying the PSUs after the Change of Control is not listed on the NYSE or The Nasdaq Stock Market.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ii.Further, in the event that the PSUs are substituted, assumed or continued as provided in Section 4(f)(i) herein, then (except as otherwise provided in Section 4(f)(iii) below), the PSUs will become fully vested and deemed earned (A) at the greater of actual performance or target performance if actual performance is determinable, or (B) at target performance if actual performance is not determinable if the employment of the Participant is terminated within six months before (in which case vesting will not occur until the effective date of the Change of Control) or two years (or such other period after a Change of Control as may be stated in a Participant's employment, change of control, severance, consulting or other similar agreement, plan or policy, if applicable) after the effective date of a Change of Control and such termination of employment (i) is by the Company not for Cause or (ii) is by the Participant for Good Reason.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iii.Notwithstanding Section 4(f)(ii), in the event that the PSUs are substituted, assumed or continued as provided in Section 4(f)(i) herein, in lieu of applying the provisions of Section 4(f)(ii), the Administrator (as constituted prior to the Change of Control) may, in its sole discretion, determine that the PSUs will be deemed earned at the time of the Change of Control at the greater of actual performance or target performance if actual performance is determinable or at target performance if actual performance is not determinable, and, following the Change of Control, the PSUs will convert to a service-based Award for the remainder of the Award Period, subject to accelerated vesting in the event of the Participant's termination by the Company not for Cause or for Good Reason as provided in Section 4(f)(ii) above.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;iv.In the event that the PSUs are substituted, assumed or continued as provided in Section 4(f)(i) herein, the Participant will also be entitled to receive, with respect to each Share subject to the PSUs that becomes earned and vested following the effective date of the Change of Control pursuant to Section 2(c), Section 3 or Section 4, a value restoration payment with respect to such Share (a "Value Restoration Payment"), provided that the Value Restoration Payment will only be payable if the Participant remains in continuous employment or service with the Company or its successor or an

 Exhibit 10.5

------

Affiliate of the Company or its successor through the applicable vesting date. The Value Restoration Payment will be equal to the difference between the Fair Market Value of the surviving entity's common stock (or equivalent security) on the effective date of the Change of Control and, if less, the Fair Market Value of the surviving entity's common stock (or equivalent security) on the date of vesting (including the date of any accelerated vesting pursuant to this Section 4). Any such Value Restoration Payment will be paid to the Participant in cash at the same time Shares are payable pursuant to the PSUs as provided in Section 3.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;v.Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, in the event that the Participant has entered into or is a participant in a change of control, employment, severance, consulting or similar plan or agreement with or established by the Company or an Affiliate, the Participant shall be entitled to the greater of the benefits provided upon a Change of Control under the Plan or the benefits provided upon a change of control of the Company under the other respective plan or agreement, and such other respective plan or agreement shall not be construed to reduce in any way the benefits otherwise provided to the Participant upon the occurrence of a Change of Control as defined in the Plan.

**5.*Non-Solicitation***. In consideration for this Agreement and notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, the Participant agrees to comply with the non-solicitation covenants set forth below (except where not applicable due to some state laws):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>Non-Solicitation of Customers</u>. The Participant acknowledges that while employed by or in service to the Company, the Participant will occupy a position of trust and confidence and will acquire confidential information about the Company, its Subsidiaries and other Affiliates, and their clients and customers that is not disclosed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates in the ordinary course of business, including trade secrets, data, formulae, information concerning customers and other information which is of value to the Company because it is not generally known. The Participant agrees that during the period of employment with or service to the Company and for a period of two years after the Participant's Termination Date, regardless of the reason for termination, the Participant will not, either individually or as an officer, director, stockholder, member, partner, agent, consultant or principal of another business firm, directly or indirectly solicit any customer of the Company or of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Non-Solicitation of Employees</u>. The Participant recognizes that while employed by or in service to the Company, the Participant will possess confidential information about other employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates relating to their education, experience, skills, abilities, compensation and benefits, and inter-personal relationships with suppliers to and customers of the Company and its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates. The Participant recognizes that this information is not generally known, is of substantial value to the Company and its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates in developing their respective businesses and in securing and retaining customers, and will be acquired by the Participant because of the Participant's business position with the Company. The Participant agrees that during the period of employment with or service to the Company and for two years after the Participant's Termination Date, regardless of the reason for termination, the Participant will not, directly or indirectly, solicit or recruit any employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates for the purpose of being employed by the Participant or by any business, individual, partnership, firm, corporation or other entity on whose behalf the Participant is acting as an agent, representative or employee and that the Participant will not convey any such confidential information or trade secrets about other employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or other Affiliates to any other person except within the scope of the Participant's duties as an employee of or service provider to the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>Remedies</u>. If the Participant violates either of the covenants in Section 5(a) or Section 5(b), or the non-competition covenants referenced in Section 4(a), the PSUs will be forfeited and the Participant's rights under this Agreement will terminate. In addition, if any dispute arises concerning the violation by the Participant of the covenants described in this section, in addition to any other rights or remedies of this Company, an injunction may be issued restraining such violation pending the determination of such controversy, and no bond or other security will be required in connection therewith. Further, the Company will be entitled to seek appropriate legal relief, including money damages, equitable relief, and attorneys' fees.

**6.*Additional Provisions***.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.<u>No Right to Continued Employment or Service; No Right to Further Awards</u>. Nothing in the Plan or the Agreement gives the Participant any right to continue in the employment or service of the Company or an Affiliate or interferes in any way with the right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate the Participant's employment or service at any time. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or this Agreement, all rights of the Participant with respect to the unvested portion of the PSUs (if any) will terminate on the Participant's Termination Date. The grant of the PSUs does not create any obligation to grant further awards.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.<u>Tax Consequences</u>. The Participant acknowledges that he or she is solely responsible and liable for the satisfaction of all taxes and penalties that may arise in connection with the PSUs (including but not limited to any income or excise taxes and penalties arising under Code Section 409A), and the Company shall not have

 Exhibit 10.5

------

any obligation to indemnify, gross up or otherwise hold the Participant or any other person harmless from any or all such taxes. The Participant acknowledges that the Company has made no warranties or representations to the Participant with respect to the tax consequences (including, but not limited to, income or excise tax consequences) related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and the Participant is in no manner relying on the Company or its representatives for an assessment of such tax consequences. The Participant acknowledges that there may be adverse tax consequences upon the grant or vesting of the PSUs and/or the acquisition or disposition of the Shares or other benefits subject to the PSUs and that he or she has been advised that he or she should consult with his or her own attorney, accountant and/or tax advisor regarding the decision to enter into this Agreement and the consequences thereof. The Participant also acknowledges that the Company has no responsibility to take or refrain from taking any actions in order to achieve a certain tax result for the Participant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.<u>PSUs Subject to Plan</u>. By entering into this Agreement, the Participant agrees and acknowledges that the Participant has received and read a copy of the Plan and Plan prospectus. The Participant acknowledges and agrees that the Agreement and the Participant's rights are subject to the Plan. The terms and provisions of the Plan are incorporated herein by reference. In the event of a conflict between any term or provision in the Agreement and a term or provision of the Plan, the Plan terms will govern, unless the Administrator determines otherwise.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.<u>Amendment; Waiver; Superseding Effect</u>. This Agreement may be modified or amended as provided in the Plan. The waiver by the Company of a breach of any provision of this Agreement by the Participant will not operate or be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach by the Participant. The Agreement supersedes any statements, representations or agreements of the Company with respect to the grant of the PSUs or any related rights, and the Participant waives any rights or claims related to any such statements, representations or agreements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.<u>Recoupment and Forfeiture</u>. As a condition to receiving the PSUs, the Participant agrees that he or she will abide by and be subject to the Company's Clawback Polic(ies), Stock Ownership and Equity Retention Polic(ies) and/or other policies adopted by the Company or an Affiliate, each as in effect from time to time and to the extent applicable to the Participant. Further, the Participant will be subject to such compensation recovery, recoupment, forfeiture or other similar provisions as may apply under this Agreement, any other agreement or arrangement and/or Applicable Law. By participating in the Plan, the Participant is deemed to have consented to the provisions of the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f.<u>Administrator Discretion</u>. The Administrator has full authority and discretion with respect to the PSUs and this Agreement to the extent provided in the Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;g.<u>Governing Law</u>. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or herein, this Agreement shall be governed by and in accordance with the laws of the State of New Jersey, without regard to the conflict of laws provisions of any state, and in accordance with applicable federal laws of the United States. Any and all disputes between a Participant or person claiming through him or her and the Company or any Affiliate relating to the Plan or the PSUs shall be brought only in the state courts located in Birmingham, Alabama, or the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama, as appropriate.

 Exhibit 10.5

## Ex-31

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| |
|:---|
| **EXHIBIT 31(a)** |
| **CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER** |

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I, J. Thomas Hill, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Vulcan Materials Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of and for the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Date July 31, 2025 | &nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ J. Thomas Hill<br>J. Thomas Hill<br>Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |

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Exhibit 31(a)

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| |
|:---|
| **EXHIBIT 31(b)** |
| **CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER** |

---

I, Mary Andrews Carlisle, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Vulcan Materials Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of and for the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Date July 31, 2025 | /s/ Mary Andrews Carlisle<br>Mary Andrews Carlisle<br>Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |

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Exhibit 31(b)

## Ex-32

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| |
|:---|
| **EXHIBIT 32(a)** |
| **CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF**<br>**VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY**<br>**PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350**<br>**AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002** |

---

I, J. Thomas Hill, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Vulcan Materials Company, certify that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the "report") for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii)the information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Vulcan Materials Company.

/s/ J. Thomas Hill<br>J. Thomas Hill<br>Chairman and Chief Executive Officer<br>July 31, 2025<br>

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Vulcan Materials Company and will be retained by Vulcan Materials Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Exhibit 32(a)

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| |
|:---|
| **EXHIBIT 32(b)** |
| **CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER OF**<br>**VULCAN MATERIALS COMPANY**<br>**PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350**<br>**AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002** |

---

I, Mary Andrews Carlisle, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Vulcan Materials Company, certify that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the "report") for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii)the information contained in the report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Vulcan Materials Company.

/s/ Mary Andrews Carlisle<br>Mary Andrews Carlisle<br>Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer<br>July 31, 2025<br>

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Vulcan Materials Company and will be retained by Vulcan Materials Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Exhibit 32(b)

## Ex-95

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| |
|:---|
| **EXHIBIT 95** |
| **MSHA CITATIONS AND LITIGATION** |

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On July 21, 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act) was enacted. Section 1503 of the Dodd-Frank Act requires companies that are "operators" (as such term is defined in the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (the Mine Act)) to disclose certain mine safety information in each periodic report to the Securities and Exchange Commission. This information is related to the enforcement of the Mine Act by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA).

The Dodd-Frank Act and the subsequent implementing regulation issued by the SEC require disclosure of the following categories of violations, orders and citations: (1) Section 104 S&S Citations, which are citations issued for violations of mandatory health or safety standards that could significantly and substantially contribute to the cause and effect of a mine safety or health hazard; (2) Section 104(b) Orders, which are orders issued upon a follow up inspection where the inspector finds the violation previously cited has not been totally abated in the prescribed time period; (3) Section 104(d) Citations and Orders, which are issued upon violations of mandatory health or safety standards caused by an unwarrantable failure of the operator to comply with the standards; (4) Section 110(b)(2) Violations, which result from the reckless and repeated failure to eliminate a known violation; (5) Section 107(a) Orders, which are given when MSHA determines that an imminent danger exists and results in an order of immediate withdrawal from the area of the mine affected by the condition; and (6) written notices from MSHA of a pattern of violations of mandatory health or safety standards that are of such nature as could have significantly and substantially contributed to the cause and effect of mine health or safety hazards under Section 104(e). In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act requires the disclosure of the total dollar value of proposed assessments from MSHA under the Mine Act and the total number of mining related fatalities.

The following disclosures are made pursuant to Section 1503.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, none of our operations: (i) received any orders under Section 104(b), which are issued upon a follow up inspection where the inspector finds the violation previously cited has not been totally abated in the prescribed time period; (ii) received any citations or orders under Section 104(d), which are issued upon violations of mandatory health or safety standards caused by an unwarrantable failure of the operator to comply with the standards; (iii) had any flagrant violations under Section 110(b)(2); (iv) received notice from MSHA of a pattern of violations of mandatory health or safety standards under Section 104(e); or (v) had any mining related fatalities.

Exhibit 95

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**SECOND QUARTER 2025**

The table below sets forth, by mine, the total number of citations and/or orders issued by MSHA during the period covered by this report under the indicated provisions of the Mine Act, together with the total dollar value of proposed assessments, if any, from MSHA, received during the three months ended June 30, 2025. Of our 297 active MSHA-regulated facilities during the quarter, we received 136 federal mine safety inspections at 130 facilities during the reporting period. Of our inspected facilities, 120 did not receive any reportable citations or orders.

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| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name of Operation** | **Number of<br>Inspections** | **Total Number of S&S Citations** | **Mine<br>Act<br>§ 104(b)<br>Orders** | **Mine Act<br>§ 104(d)<br>Citations<br>and<br>Orders** | **Mine Act<br>§ 110(b)(2)<br>Violations** | **Mine<br>Act<br>§ 107(a)<br>Orders** | **Total Dollar<br>Value of<br>Proposed<br>MSHA<br>Assessments<br>(thousands)** | **Total<br>Number<br>of Mining<br>Related<br>Fatalities** | **Received<br>Written<br>Notice<br>under<br>Mine Act<br>§ 104(e)** |
| BRIGGS, TX | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0.0 | 0 | No |
| CHULA VISTA, CA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0.0 | 0 | No |
| CLEAR CREEK, NC | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | $0.0 | 0 | No |
| FOREST PARK, GA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0.0 | 0 | No |
| GREENEVILLE, NC | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0.0 | 0 | No |
| HANOVER, PA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0.0 | 0 | No |
| HOUSTON PORT, TX | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0.0 | 0 | No |
| JAMACHA, CA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0.1 | 0 | No |
| MISSION GORGE AGGREGATE, CA | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0.0 | 0 | No |
| SAN BERNARDINO, CA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0.2 | 0 | No |
| Other - 120 | 125 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0.0 | 0 | No |
| **Total** | **136** | **13** | **0** | **0** | **0** | **1** | **$0.3** | **0** |  |

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The total dollar value of proposed assessments received during the three months ended June 30, 2025 for all other citations, as well as proposed assessments received during the reporting period for citations previously issued, is $29,040.

The table below sets forth, by mine, category of legal action and number of legal actions pending before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission as of June 30, 2025.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Number of Legal Actions** | **Number of Legal Actions** | **Number of Legal Actions** |
| **Name of Operation** | **Contest Penalty** | **Contest Citations** | **Complaint of Discharge, Discrimination** |
| CANTRELL, TX | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| FORT PIERCE MINE, FL | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| HENDERSONVILLE, TN | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| MACON QUARRY, GA | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| SEVIERVILLE QUARRY, TN | 3 | 0 | 0 |

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The table below sets forth, by mine, category of legal action and number of legal actions filed before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission during the three months ended June 30, 2025.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Number of Legal Actions** | **Number of Legal Actions** | **Number of Legal Actions** |
| **Name of Operation** | **Contest Penalty** | **Contest Citations** | **Complaint of Discharge, Discrimination** |
| NEWPORT QUARRY, TN | 1 | 0 | 0 |

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The table below sets forth, by mine, category of legal action and number of legal actions resolved (disposed) by the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission during the three months ended June 30, 2025.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Number of Legal Actions** | **Number of Legal Actions** | **Number of Legal Actions** |
| **Name of Operation** | **Contest Penalty** | **Contest Citations** | **Complaint of Discharge, Discrimination** |
| CENTRAL QUARRY, KY | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| QUEEN CREEK STONE, AZ | 1 | 0 | 0 |

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Exhibit 95