# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001653087
**File Stem:** 0001193125-26-212426
**Filing Date:** 2026-5
**Character Count:** 158211
**Document Hash:** c386b687560e361e6d874f0b61b558b4
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001193125-26-212426.hdr.sgml**: 20260507

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001193125-26-212426

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 14

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20260507

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Financial Statements and Exhibits

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260507

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260507

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Alector, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001653087
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS (NO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES) [2836]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 03 Life Sciences
- **EIN:** 822933343
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-38792
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26954872

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 131 OYSTER POINT BLVD., SUITE 600
- **CITY:** SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 94080
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 415-231-5660

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 131 OYSTER POINT BLVD., SUITE 600
- **CITY:** SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 94080

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Alector LLC
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20150915

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? 8-K

### UNITED STATES

### SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

#### WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

### FORM 8-K

#### CURRENT REPORT

#### Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

#### of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

#### Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 7, 2026

## Alector, Inc.

#### (Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **001-38792** | **82-2933343** |
| **(State or Other Jurisdiction<br>of Incorporation)** | **(Commission<br>File Number)** | **(IRS Employer<br>Identification No.)** |
| **131 Oyster Point Blvd.**<br> **Suite 600** | | |
| **South San Francisco, California** |  | **94080** |
| **(Address of Principal Executive Offices)** |  | **(Zip Code)** |

---

#### Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (415) 231-5660

#### (Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

#### Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading<br>Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange<br>on which registered** |
| Common Stock | ALEC | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC  |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 1.01** | **Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.**  |

---

On May 7, 2026, Alector, Inc. (the "**Company**") entered into a Sales Agreement (the "**Sales Agreement**") with TD Securities (USA) LLC ("**TD Cowen**"), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell from time to time through TD Cowen up to $125,000,000 of shares (the "**Shares**") of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "**Common Stock**"), in such share amounts as the Company may specify by notice to TD Cowen, in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the Sales Agreement.

Sales, if any, of the Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be "at-the-market" offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on The Nasdaq Global Select Market, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. Under the Sales Agreement, the Company will set the parameters for the sale of shares, including the number of shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, limitation on the number of shares that may be sold in any single trading day, and any minimum price below which sales may not be made. The Company is not obligated to sell any Shares under the Sales Agreement.

The Shares will be offered and sold pursuant to the Company's shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-294241) which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "**Commission**") on April 30, 2026. The Company filed a prospectus supplement, dated May 7, 2026, with the Commission in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares.

The Company may terminate the Sales Agreement upon 10 days' written notice to TD Cowen in its sole discretion at any time or by TD Cowen upon 10 days' written notice to us in its sole discretion at any time and immediately, upon written notice under certain circumstances, including but not limited to, the occurrence of a Material Adverse Change, as defined in the Sales Agreement.

The Sales Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and agreements by us, and indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Sales Agreement provides that TD Cowen will be entitled to compensation for their services of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share of all shares sold through TD Cowen under the Sales Agreement. Under the terms of the Sales Agreement, the Company agreed to indemnify TD Cowen against certain specified types of liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to contribute to payments TD Cowen may be required to make in respect of these liabilities, and to reimburse TD Cowen for certain expenses. In the ordinary course of business, TD Cowen and/or its affiliates have provided, and may in the future provide, various investment banking and other financial services for us for which services they have received and, may in the future receive, customary fees.

The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the sale, if any, of the securities offered in the offering for general corporate purposes, including research, development and manufacturing of the Company's product candidates, working capital, capital expenditures, other corporate expenses and acquisitions of, or strategic transactions in, complementary products, technologies, or businesses. The Company does not have agreements or commitments for any specific acquisitions or strategic transactions at this time.

The above summary of the Sales Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Sales Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference. The legal opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation relating to the shares of Common Stock being offered pursuant to the Sales Agreement is filed as Exhibit 5.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 9.01** | **Financial Statements and Exhibits.**  |

---

(d) Exhibits

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Exhibit<br>No. | Description |
| 1.1\* | [Sales Agreement, dated May 7, 2026, by and between Alector, Inc., and TD Securities (USA) LLC](d910893dex11.htm) |
| 5.1 | [Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation](d910893dex51.htm) |
| 23.1 | [Consent of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation (included with the opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1)](d910893dex51.htm) |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |

---

**\*** Certain schedules and exhibits to this agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted exhibit or schedule will be furnished to the SEC or its staff upon request. 

------

#### SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **ALECTOR, INC.** |
| Date: May 7, 2026 | By: | /s/ Arnon Rosenthal |
|  |  | Arnon Rosenthal, Ph.D. <br>Co-founder and Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 1.1

**Exhibit 1.1** 

**ALECTOR, INC.** 

**$125,000,000** 

**<u>COMMON STOCK</u>**

**<u>SALES AGREEMENT</u>**

May 7, 2026

TD Securities (USA) LLC

1 Vanderbilt Avenue

New York, New York 10017

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Alector, Inc. (the "**<u>Company</u>**"), confirms its agreement (this "**<u>Agreement</u>**") with TD Securities (USA) LLC ("**<u>TD Cowen</u>**"), as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. <u>Issuance and Sale of Shares</u>. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through TD Cowen, acting as agent and/or principal, shares (the "**<u>Placement Shares</u>**") of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "**<u>Common Stock</u>**"), having an aggregate offering price of up to $125,000,000 (the "**<u>Maximum Amount</u>**"). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitation set forth in this <u>Section</u> <u>1</u> on the number of shares of Common Stock issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company, and TD Cowen shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance. The issuance and sale of Common Stock through TD Cowen will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined below) filed by the Company and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "**<u>Commission</u>**"), although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement (as defined below) to issue the Common Stock. The Company acknowledges and agrees that sales of Common Stock under this Agreement may be made through affiliates of TD Cowen, and that TD Cowen may otherwise fulfill its obligations pursuant to this Agreement to or through an affiliated broker-dealer.

The Company has filed, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the "**<u>Securities Act</u>**"), with the Commission a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-294241), including a base prospectus (the "**<u>Basic</u> <u>Prospectus</u>**"), relating to certain securities (the "**<u>Shelf Securities</u>**"), including the Common Stock, to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the "**<u>Exchange Act</u>**"). The Company has prepared a prospectus supplement specifically relating to the Placement Shares (the "**<u>Prospectus Supplement</u>**") to the Basic Prospectus included as part of such registration statement. The Company has furnished to

------

TD Cowen, for use by TD Cowen, copies of the Basic Prospectus included as part of such registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, relating to the Placement Shares. Except where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement, and any post-effective amendment thereto, as amended when it became effective, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B or 462(b) of the Securities Act, or any subsequent registration statement on Form S-3 filed pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act by the Company with respect to the Placement Shares, is herein called the "**<u>Registration Statement</u><u>.</u>**" Any registration statement and amendments thereto filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act and relating to the offering covered by the Registration Statement is herein called a "**<u>Rule 462(b) Registration Statement</u>**" and, after such filing, the "Registration Statement" shall include any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. The Basic Prospectus, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which such prospectus and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, together with any "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act ("**<u>Rule 433</u>**"), relating to the Placement Shares that (i) is consented to by TD Cowen, hereinafter referred to as a "**<u>Permitted Free Writing Prospectus</u>,**" (ii) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company or (iii) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i), in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company's records pursuant to Rule 433(g), is herein called the "**<u>Prospectus</u>**." Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein, and any reference herein to the terms "amend," "amendment" or "supplement" with respect to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document with the Commission deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include any copy filed with the Commission pursuant to the Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System ("**<u>EDGAR</u>**").

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. <u>Placements</u>. Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell the Placement Shares hereunder (each, a "**<u>Placement</u>**"), it will notify TD Cowen by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the parties) (a "**<u>Placement Notice</u>**") containing the parameters in accordance with which it desires the Placement Shares to be sold, which shall at a minimum include the number of Placement Shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one Trading Day (as defined in <u>Section</u> <u>3</u>) and any minimum price below which sales may not be made, a form of which containing such minimum sales parameters necessary is attached hereto as **<u>Schedule 1</u>**. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on **<u>Schedule 2</u>** (with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such schedule), and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from TD Cowen set forth on **<u>Schedule 2</u>**, as such **<u>Schedule 2</u>** may be amended from time to time. The Placement Notice shall be effective upon receipt by TD Cowen unless and until (i) in accordance with the notice requirements set forth in <u>Section</u> <u>4</u>, TD Cowen declines to accept the terms contained therein for

------

any reason, in its sole discretion, (ii) the entire amount of the Placement Shares have been sold, (iii) in accordance with the notice requirements set forth in <u>Section</u> <u>4</u>, the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice, (iv) the Company issues a subsequent Placement Notice with parameters superseding those on the earlier dated Placement Notice, or (v) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>11</u>. The amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to be paid by the Company to TD Cowen in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in **<u>Schedule 3</u>.** It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor TD Cowen will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to TD Cowen and TD Cowen does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. <u>Sale of Placement Shares by TD Cowen.</u> Subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, upon the Company's delivery of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, TD Cowen, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("**<u>Nasdaq</u>**") to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount specified in such Placement Notice, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. TD Cowen will provide written confirmation to the Company (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the Company set forth on **<u>Schedule 2</u>**) no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the volume-weighted average price of the Placement Shares sold, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company. In the event the Company engages TD Cowen for a sale of Placement Shares that would constitute a "block" within the meaning of Rule 10b-18(a)(5) under the Exchange Act (a "**<u>Block Sale</u>**"), the Company will provide TD Cowen, at TD Cowen's request and upon reasonable advance notice to the Company, on or prior to the Settlement Date (as defined below), the opinions of counsel, accountant's letter and officers' certificates set forth in <u>Section</u> <u>7</u> hereof, each dated the Settlement Date, and such other documents and information as TD Cowen shall reasonably request. TD Cowen may sell Placement Shares in negotiated transactions, including block trades or Block Sales, or by any method permitted by law deemed to be an "at the market" offering as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made through Nasdaq or on any other existing trading market for the Common Stock, or by any other method permitted by law. TD Cowen shall not purchase Placement Shares for its own account as principal unless expressly authorized to do so by the Company in a Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that TD Cowen will be successful in selling Placement Shares, and (ii) TD Cowen will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by TD Cowen to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such Placement Shares as required under this <u>Section</u> <u>3</u>. For the purposes hereof, "**<u>Trading Day</u>**" means any day on which the Company's Common Stock is purchased and sold on the principal market on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted.

------

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company shall not offer, sell or deliver, or request the offer or sale, of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement and, by notice to TD Cowen given by telephone (confirmed promptly by email), shall cancel any instructions for the offer or sale of any Placement Shares, and TD Cowen shall not be obligated to offer or sell any Placement Shares, (i) during any period in which the Company is, or could be deemed to be, in possession of material non-public information, or (ii) at any time from and including the date on which the Company shall issue a press release containing, or shall otherwise publicly announce, its earnings, revenues or other results of operations (an "**<u>Earnings Announcement</u>**") through and including the time that the Company files a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or an Annual Report on Form 10-K that includes consolidated financial statements as of and for the same period or periods, as the case may be, covered by such Earnings Announcement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. <u>Suspension of Sales</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The Company or TD Cowen may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on **<u>Schedule 2</u>**, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on **<u>Schedule 2</u>**), suspend any sale of Placement Shares; *provided, however*, that such suspension shall not affect or impair either party's obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this <u>Section</u> <u>4</u> shall be effective against the other unless it is made to one of the individuals named on **<u>Schedule 2</u>** hereto, as such schedule may be amended from time to time.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) If either TD Cowen or the Company has reason to believe that the exemptive provisions set forth in Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation M under the Exchange Act are not satisfied with respect to the Common Stock, it shall promptly notify the other party, and TD Cowen may, at its sole discretion, suspend sales of the Placement Shares under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) The Registration Statement was declared effective on April 30, 2026. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, during any period in which the Registration Statement is no longer effective under the Securities Act, the Company shall promptly notify TD Cowen, the Company shall not request the sale of any Placement Shares, and TD Cowen shall not be obligated to sell or offer to sell any Placement Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. <u>Settlement</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Settlement of Placement Shares</u>. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares will occur on the first (1<sup>st</sup>) Trading Day following the date on which such sales are made (each, a "**<u>Settlement Date</u>**" and the first such settlement date, the "**<u>First Delivery Date</u>**"). The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the "**<u>Net Proceeds</u>**") will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by TD Cowen at which such Placement Shares were sold, after deduction for (i) TD Cowen's commission, discount or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>2</u> hereof, (ii) any other amounts due and payable by the Company to TD Cowen hereunder pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(h)</u> (Expenses) hereof, and

------

(iii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>Delivery of Placement Shares</u>. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting TD Cowen's or its designee's account (provided TD Cowen shall have given the Company written notice of such designee prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto, and in all cases such Placement Shares shall be freely tradeable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, TD Cowen will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver duly authorized Placement Shares on a Settlement Date, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in <u>Section</u> <u>9(a)</u> (Company Indemnification) hereof, it will (i) hold TD Cowen harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or expense (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company and (ii) pay to TD Cowen any commission, discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. <u>Representations and Warranties of the Company</u>. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, TD Cowen that, unless such representation or warranty specifies a different time, as of (i) the date of this Agreement, (ii) each Time of Sale (as defined below), (iii) each Settlement Date, and (iv) each Bring-Down Date (as defined below) (each date included in (i) through (iv), a "**<u>Representation Date</u>**"):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Compliance with Registration Requirements</u>. The Registration Statement has become effective; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement is in effect; and no proceedings for such purpose or pursuant to Section 8A under the Securities Act are pending before or, to the Knowledge (as defined below) of the Company, threatened by the Commission. If the Registration Statement is an automatic shelf registration statement as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, the Company is at any time while this Agreement is in force a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) eligible to use the Registration Statement as an automatic shelf registration statement, and the Company has not received notice that the Commission objects to the use of the Registration Statement as an automatic shelf registration statement. The sale of the Placement Shares hereunder meets the requirements of General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>Securities Act and Exchange Act Compliance</u>. (i)(A) At the respective times the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto became effective, (B) at each deemed effective date with respect to TD Cowen pursuant to Rule 430B(f)(2) under the Securities Act (each, a "**<u>Deemed Effective Time</u>**"), (C) as of each time Placement Shares are sold pursuant to this Agreement (each, a "**<u>Time of Sale</u>**"), (D) at each Settlement Date (as defined below) and (E) at all times during which a prospectus is required by the Securities Act to be delivered (whether physically or through compliance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act or any similar rule) in connection with any sale of Placement Shares (the "**<u>Delivery Period</u>**"), the Registration Statement complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and

------

the rules and regulations under the Securities Act; (ii) the Basic Prospectus complied, or will comply, at the time it was, or will be filed, with the Commission, complies as of the date hereof (if filed with the Commission on or prior to the date hereof) and, as of each Time of Sale and at all times during the Delivery Period, will comply in all material respects with the rules and regulations under the Securities Act; (iii) each of the Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus will comply, as of the date that such document is filed with the Commission, as of each Time of Sale, as of each Settlement Date and at all times during the Delivery Period, in all material respects with the rules and regulations under the Securities Act; and (iv) any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, and any further document so filed and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, when they are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) <u>No Misstatement or Omission</u>. (i) As of the date hereof, at the respective times the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto became effective and at each Deemed Effective Time, the Registration Statement did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (ii) as of each Time of Sale, the Prospectus (as amended and supplemented at such Time of Sale), did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; (iii) as of its date, the Prospectus did not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and (iv) at any Settlement Date, the Prospectus (as amended and supplemented at such Settlement Date) did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; *provided*, *however*, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to any statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by TD Cowen expressly for use in the Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Offering Materials Furnished to TD Cowen</u>. The Company has delivered to TD Cowen one complete copy of the Registration Statement and a copy of each consent and certificate of experts filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits) and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, in such quantities and at such places as TD Cowen has reasonably requested. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus (to the extent any such Permitted Free Writing Prospectus was required to be filed with the Commission) delivered to TD Cowen for use in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares contemplated herein have been and will be identical to the versions of such documents transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) <u>Free Writing Prospectus</u>. Any free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules

------

and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or on behalf of or used or referred to by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Each free writing prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the Placement Shares or until any earlier date that the Company notified or notifies TD Cowen, did not, does not and will not include any material information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, the Registration Statement or the Prospectus. Each broadly available road show, if any, when considered together with the Prospectus, does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Except for the Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, and electronic road shows, if any, furnished to and approved by TD Cowen, the Company has not prepared, used or referred to, and will not, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) <u>Emerging Growth Company</u>. The Company is not an "emerging growth company," as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) <u>Not an Ineligible Issuer</u>. (i)(A) At the time of filing the Registration Statement, (B) at the time of the most recent amendment thereto for the purposes of complying with Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act (whether such amendment was by post-effective amendment, incorporated report filed pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or form of prospectus) and (C) at the time the Company or any person acting on its behalf (within the meaning, for this clause only, of Rule 163(c)) made any offer relating to the Shelf Securities in reliance on the exemption of Rule 163 under the Securities Act, the Company was not an "ineligible issuer" as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act; and (ii)(A) at the time of filing of the Registration Statement, (B) at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Placement Shares and (C) at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an "ineligible issuer" as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) <u>Distribution of Offering Material By the Company</u>. The Company (i) has not alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communication with any person and (ii) has not authorized anyone to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act. "**<u>Testing-the-Waters Communication</u>**" means any communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) or Rule 163B of the Securities Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) <u>The Sales Agreement</u>. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) <u>Authorization of the Common Stock</u>. The authorized capital stock of the Company conforms as to legal matters in all material respects to the description thereof contained in, or incorporated by reference into, each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. The Placement Shares have been duly authorized and, when paid for, issued and delivered in

------

accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and the issuance of the Placement Shares will not be subject to any preemptive or similar rights.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) <u>Disclosure Related to Capital Stock</u>. The statements set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus under the caption "Description of Capital Stock", insofar as they purport to constitute a summary of the terms of the capital stock of the Company, are accurate, complete and fair in all material respects.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) <u>No Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights</u>. There are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person granting such person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any securities of the Company or to require the Company to include such securities with the Placement Shares registered pursuant to the Registration Statement, except as otherwise have been validly waived or complied with in connection with the issuance and sale of the Placement Shares contemplated hereby.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) <u>No Material Adverse Change</u>. There has not occurred any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business or operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as defined below), taken as a whole, (a "**<u>Material Adverse Change</u>**") from that set forth in the Registration Statement or Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n) <u>Independent Accountants</u>. Ernst & Young LLP, which has certified certain financial statements of the Company and its Subsidiaries, is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its Subsidiaries within the applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and as required by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) <u>Preparation of the Financial Statements</u>. The financial statements (including the related notes thereto) of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial position of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations and the changes in their cash flows for the periods specified; such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby; and the other financial information included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its Subsidiaries and presents fairly in all material respects the information shown thereby.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(p) <u>XBRL</u>. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission's rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(q) <u>Incorporation and</u> <u>Good Standing</u> <u>of the Company and its Subsidiaries</u>. The Company has been duly incorporated, is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under

------

the laws of the State of Delaware, has the corporate power and authority to own or lease its property and to conduct its business as described in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole. Each subsidiary of the Company (each a "**<u>Subsidiary</u>**") has been duly organized, is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, has the corporate or other organizational power and authority to own or lease its property and to conduct its business as described in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; all of the issued shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly by the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(r) <u>Capital Stock Matters</u>. The shares of Common Stock outstanding prior to the issuance of the Placement Shares have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(s) <u>Non-Contravention of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required</u>. The execution and delivery by the Company of, and the performance by the Company of its obligations under, this Agreement will not contravene any provision of (i) applicable law, (ii) the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Company, (iii) any agreement or other instrument binding upon the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that is material to the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iv) any judgment, order or decree of any governmental body, agency or court having jurisdiction over the Company or any Subsidiary, except, in the cases of clauses (i), (iii), and (iv), as would not reasonably be likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole or adversely affect the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement, and no consent, approval, authorization or order of, or qualification with, any governmental body or agency is required for the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement, except such as may have been previously obtained or may be required by the securities or Blue Sky laws of the various states in connection with the offer and sale of the Placement Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(t) <u>No Material Actions or Proceedings</u>. There are no legal or governmental proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the Company ("**<u>Knowledge</u>**"), threatened to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or to which any of the properties of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject (i) other than proceedings accurately described in all material respects in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and proceedings that would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or on the power or ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the Prospectus or (ii) that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus and are not

------

so described in all material respects; and there are no statutes, regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not described in all material respects or filed as required.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(u) <u>All</u> <u>Necessary Permits</u><u>, etc</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) <u>Regulatory Matters</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries have operated at all times and are currently in compliance with all applicable statutes, rules, regulations and policies of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the "**<u>FDA</u>**") and applicable foreign regulatory authorities, including the European Medicines Agency and the UK Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (collectively, the "**<u>Regulatory Authorities</u>**"), except where failure to be in compliance would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, including, without limitation the following, as applicable:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) all applicable federal, state, local and foreign health care laws, including, without limitation, the U.S.
Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(b)), the Civil Monetary Penalties Law (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7a), the U.S. Civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C.
Section 3729 et seq.), all applicable federal, state, local and all foreign criminal laws relating to health care fraud and abuse, including but not limited to the U.S. False Statements Law (42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(a)), 18 U.S.C. Sections 286 and 287, and the health care fraud criminal provisions under the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
("  **<u>HIPAA</u>**") (42 U.S.C. Section 1320d et seq.), the exclusion laws, the statutes, regulations and directives of applicable government funded or sponsored healthcare programs, and the regulations promulgated pursuant to
such statutes;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) the Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information, the Security Standards, and the
Standards for Electronic Transactions and Code Sets promulgated under HIPAA, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (42 U.S.C. Section 17921 et seq.), and the regulations promulgated thereunder and any state or non-U.S. counterpart thereof or any other law or regulation the purpose of which is to protect the privacy of individuals or prescribers;

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, as amended by the Health Care and Education
Reconciliation Act of 2010, the regulations promulgated thereunder;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) the U.S. Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. Section 801 et seq.);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vi) licensure, quality, safety and accreditation requirements under applicable federal, state, local or foreign
laws or regulatory bodies; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vii) all other local, state, federal, national, supranational and foreign laws, relating to the regulation of the
Company or its Subsidiaries and the ownership, testing, development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, distribution, marketing, labeling, promotion, sale, offer for sale, storage, import, export or disposal of any product under development,
manufactured or distributed by the Company (clauses (i) through (vii), collectively, "  **<u>Health Care Laws</u>** ").

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(w) <u>Company Tests and Trials</u>. (i) Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change the Company and its Subsidiaries, the studies, tests and preclinical and clinical trials conducted by or, to the Knowledge of the Company, any studies tests and preclinical and clinical trials conducted on behalf of or sponsored by the Company or its Subsidiaries or in which the Company or its Subsidiaries have participated, were, and if still pending are, being conducted in accordance with standard medical and experimental protocols, procedures and controls pursuant to accepted professional scientific research standards and procedures, and all applicable Health Care Laws, rules and regulations of the Regulatory Authorities and current Good Clinical Practices and Good Laboratory Practices; (ii) the descriptions of the results of such studies and trials contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly present the data derived from such trials and studies; (iii) the Company has no Knowledge of any other studies or trials not described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the results of which the Company reasonably believes are inconsistent with or call into question the results described or referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; (iv) the Company has provided TD Cowen with all material substantive written notices, correspondence and summaries of all other material communications provided to the Company or its Subsidiaries from the Regulatory Authorities; and (v) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries have received any written notices, correspondence or other communications from any Regulatory Authority or any other governmental entity requiring or threatening the termination, modification or suspension of any studies or trials that are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or the results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and, to the Company's Knowledge, there are no reasonable grounds for the same.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(x) <u>Required Reports and Records</u>. (i) the Company and its Subsidiaries have filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Health Care Laws, and all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were, in all material respects, timely, complete, accurate and not misleading on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission); (ii) neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries have received written notice of any claim, action, suit,

------

proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any court or arbitrator or Regulatory Authority, other governmental entity or third party alleging that any Company or product operation or activity is in violation of any Health Care Laws, including, without limitation, any FDA Form 483, notice of adverse finding, warning letter, untitled letter or other correspondence or notice from the FDA or any other Regulatory Authority or governmental entity, nor, to the Company's Knowledge, is any such claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action threatened; (iii) neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries are a party to any corporate integrity agreements, monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, or similar agreements with or imposed by any Regulatory Authority or other governmental entity; and (iv) neither the Company, its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective employees, officers or directors has been excluded, suspended or debarred from participation in any U.S. federal health care program or human clinical research or, to the Knowledge of the Company, is subject to an inquiry, investigation, proceeding or other similar action by a Regulatory Authority or other governmental entity that could reasonably be expected to result in debarment, suspension, or exclusion.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(y) <u>Tax Law Compliance</u>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns required to be filed through the date of this Agreement or have obtained extensions thereof (except where the failure to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect) and have paid all taxes required to be paid thereon (except for cases in which the failure to file or pay would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect, or, except as currently being contested in good faith and for which reserves required by U.S. GAAP have been created in the financial statements of the Company), and no unpaid tax deficiency has been determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which has had (nor does the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries have any notice or Knowledge of any unpaid tax deficiency which could reasonably be expected to be determined adversely to the Company or its Subsidiaries) and which could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(z) <u>Company Not an</u> <u>"</u><u>Investment Company</u>". The Company is not, and after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Prospectus will not be, required to register as an "investment company" as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(aa) <u>Insurance</u>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as, in the Company's reasonable judgment, are prudent and customary in the businesses in which they are engaged; neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, except as described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(bb) <u>No Price Stabilization or Manipulation</u>. The Company has not taken or will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or result in, or which has constituted or

------

which constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares in violation of Regulation M of the Exchange Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(cc) <u>No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments</u>. (i) None of the Company or its Subsidiaries or controlled affiliates, or any director, officer, or employee of the Company nor, to the Company's Knowledge, any agent or representative of the Company or of any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates, has taken any action in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization or approval of the payment, giving or receipt of money, property, gifts or anything else of value, directly or indirectly, to any government official (including any officer or employee of a government or government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office) in order to improperly influence official action, or to any person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws; (ii) the Company and its Subsidiaries and affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with applicable anti-corruption laws and have instituted and maintained and will continue to maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve compliance with such laws and with the representations and warranties contained herein; and (iii) neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries will use, directly or indirectly, the proceeds of the offering in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving of money, or anything else of value, to any person in violation of any applicable anti-corruption laws.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(dd) <u>Compliance with Money Laundering Laws</u>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of jurisdictions where the Company and its Subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the "**<u>Anti-Money Laundering Laws</u>**"), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ee) <u>Compliance with OFAC</u>. (i) None of the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any director, officer, or employee thereof, or, to the Company's Knowledge, any agent, controlled affiliate or representative of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, is an individual or entity ("**<u>Person</u>**") that is, or is owned or controlled by one or more Persons that are:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) the subject or target of any economic, financial or trade sanctions administered or enforced by the United States Government, including, without limitation, the U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty's Treasury, the Swiss Secretariat of Economic Affairs, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, "**<u>Sanctions</u>**"), or

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B) located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions (including, without limitation, the so-called Donetsk People's Republic, the so-called Luhansk People's Republic, the Crimea Region of Ukraine, the non-government controlled areas of the Zaporizhzhia and Kherson Regions, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) The Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business (i) with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is a designated target of Sanctions, (ii) in or involving a country or territory which at the time of such funding is the subject of comprehensive country-wide or territory-wide Sanctions, other than Cuba or Iran; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) The Company represents and covenants that, regardless of Sanctions, it will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the transaction, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person, to fund any activities of or business in or involving Cuba or Iran.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) Since April 24, 2019, the Company and its Subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not knowingly engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ff) <u>Company</u><u>'</u><u>s Accounting System</u>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and (v) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement is accurate. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, since the end of the Company's most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (i) no material weakness in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (ii) no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(gg) <u>Disclosure Controls</u>. The Company maintains an effective system of "disclosure controls and procedures" (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company has carried out evaluations of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act and such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the Company's most recently completed fiscal quarter.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(hh) <u>Compliance with Environmental Laws</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants ("**<u>Environmental Laws</u>**"), (ii) have received all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where such noncompliance with Environmental Laws, failure to receive required permits, licenses or other approvals or failure to comply with the terms and conditions of such permits, licenses or approvals would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole. There are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws (including, without limitation, any capital or operating expenditures required for clean-up, closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws or any permit, license or approval, any related constraints on operating activities and any potential liabilities to third parties) which would, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) <u>Intellectual Property</u>. Except as would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess or have the right to use, or can acquire on commercially reasonable terms, adequate rights to use all material patents, patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks and trade names, domain names and other source indicators, and other intellectual property and similar rights, including registrations and applications for registration thereof (collectively "**<u>Intellectual Property Rights</u>**") necessary to the conduct of the business as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, now operated or currently contemplated to be conducted by them. Each material application or registration owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company or its Subsidiaries is being diligently prosecuted, and all other material Intellectual Property Rights owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company or its Subsidiaries is being diligently maintained. Except as described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, to the Company's Knowledge, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has infringed, misappropriated, or otherwise violated the Intellectual Property Rights of any third party in any material respect, and neither the manufacture of, nor the use or sale of, any of the Company's or any of its Subsidiaries' products or contemplated products would infringe or otherwise violate the Intellectual Property Rights of any third party in any material respect. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or except as would not, individually or in the

------

aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (i) to the Company's Knowledge, there are no rights of third parties to any of the Intellectual Property Rights owned or purported to be owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries except for rights explicitly granted to third parties through licenses granted by the Company, (ii) to the Company's Knowledge, there is no material infringement, misappropriation, breach, default or other violation, or the occurrence of any event that with notice or the passage of time would constitute any of the foregoing, by any third party of any of the Intellectual Property Rights of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iii) none of the Intellectual Property Rights used or held for use by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has been obtained or is being used or held for use by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in material violation of any contractual obligation binding on the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the Company's Knowledge, in violation of any rights of any third party, (iv) the Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable steps in accordance with normal industry practice to maintain the confidentiality of all Intellectual Property Rights the value of which to the Company or any Subsidiary is contingent upon maintaining the confidentiality thereof, (v) to the Company's Knowledge, all Intellectual Property Rights owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are valid and enforceable, and (vi) there is no pending or, to the Company's Knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by any third party (A) challenging the Company's or any of its Subsidiaries' rights in or to, or alleging the violation of any of the terms of, any of the Company's or its Subsidiaries' Intellectual Property Rights, (B) challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights owned by or exclusively licensed to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (C) alleging that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated or conflicted with any Intellectual Property Rights of any third party, and in the case of each of clauses (A), (B) and (C) above, the Company is unaware of any fact which would form a reasonable basis for any such action, suit, proceeding or claim.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(jj) <u>Listing</u>. The Company is subject to and in compliance in all material respects with the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act and is listed on Nasdaq, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or reasonably likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Stock from Nasdaq, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or Nasdaq is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. All of the Placement Shares that have been or may be sold under this Agreement have been approved for listing on Nasdaq, subject to official notice of issuance; the Company has taken all necessary actions to ensure that, upon and at all times after Nasdaq shall have approved the Placement Shares for listing, it will be in compliance with all applicable corporate governance requirements set forth in Nasdaq's listing rules that are then in effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(kk) <u>Brokers</u>. Except for TD Cowen, there is no broker, finder or other party that is entitled to receive from the Company any brokerage or finder's fee or other fee or commission as a result of any transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ll) <u>No Outstanding Loans or Other Indebtedness</u>. Except as described in the Prospectus, there are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees or indebtedness by the Company to or

------

for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company or any of the members of any of them.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(mm) <u>No Reliance</u>. The Company has not relied upon TD Cowen or legal counsel for TD Cowen for any legal, tax or accounting advice in connection with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(nn) <u>Lending Relationship</u>. The Company does not intend to use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares to repay any outstanding debt owed to TD Cowen or any affiliate of TD Cowen.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(oo) <u>FINRA Exemption</u>. As of the date hereof, the Company qualifies as an "experienced issuer" (within the meaning of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("**<u>FINRA</u>**") Rule 5110(j)(6)) for purposes of the exemption from filing under FINRA Rule 5110(h)(1)(C).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(pp) <u>Compliance with Laws</u>. The Company has not been advised, and has no reason to believe, that it and each of its Subsidiaries are not conducting business in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which it is conducting business, except where failure to be so in compliance would not result in a Material Adverse Change.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(qq) <u>Privacy Laws</u>. (i) Except as would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have complied and are presently in compliance with all applicable internal and external privacy policies, contractual obligations, applicable laws, statutes, judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or other governmental or regulatory authority and any other legal obligations, in each case relating to the collection, use, transfer, import, export, storage, protection, disposal, disclosure or other processing by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of personal, personally identifiable, household, sensitive, confidential or regulated data or information ("**<u>Data Security Obligations</u>**", and such data, "**<u>Personal Data</u>**"); (ii) the Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any written notification or complaint alleging any material non-compliance by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or third parties acting on the Company's or its Subsidiaries' behalf with any Data Security Obligation; and (iii) there is no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body pending or, to the Company's Knowledge, threatened, alleging non-compliance by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or third parties acting on the Company's or its Subsidiaries' behalf with any Data Security Obligation.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(rr) <u>IT Systems</u>. Except as would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (i) the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have implemented appropriate technical and organizational measures designed to protect the information technology systems and Personal Data used in connection with the Company's and its Subsidiaries' businesses, including having established, maintained, implemented and complied with reasonable information technology, information security, cybersecurity and data protection controls, policies and procedures that are designed to protect against and prevent breach, destruction, loss, unauthorized distribution, use, access, disablement, misappropriation or modification, or other compromise or misuse of any information technology

------

system or Personal Data in the possession or control of the Company or its Subsidiaries and used in connection with the operation of the Company's and its Subsidiaries' businesses ("**Breach**"); and (ii) to the Company's Knowledge, there has been no such Breach and the Company and its Subsidiaries have not been notified in writing of any such Breach.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ss) <u>Export and Import Laws</u>. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries, and, to the Company's Knowledge, each of their affiliates and any director, officer, agent or employee of, or other person associated with or acting on behalf of, the Company has acted at all times in compliance, in all material respects, with applicable Export and Import Laws (as defined below) and there are no material claims, complaints, charges, investigations or proceedings pending or expected or, to the Knowledge of the Company, threatened between the Company or any of the Subsidiaries and any governmental authority under any Export or Import Laws. The term "**<u>Export and Import Laws</u>**" means the Arms Export Control Act, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, the Export Administration Regulations, and all other laws and regulations of the United States government regulating the provision of services to non-U.S. parties or the export and import of articles or information from and to the United States of America, and all similar laws and regulations of any foreign government regulating the provision of services to parties not of the foreign country or the export and import of articles and information from and to the foreign country to parties not of the foreign country.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(tt) <u>Other At The Market Sales Agreements</u>. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other "at the market" offering.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(uu) <u>Outbound Investment Security Program</u>. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a "covered foreign person", as that term is defined in 31 C.F.R. § 850.209. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries currently engages, or has plans to engage, directly or indirectly, in a "covered activity", as that term is defined in 31 C.F.R. § 850.208 ("**<u>Covered Activity</u>**"). The Company does not have any joint ventures that engage in or plan to engage in any Covered Activity. The Company also does not, directly or indirectly, hold a board seat on, have a voting or equity interest in, or have any contractual power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of any person or persons that engage or plan to engage in any Covered Activity.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vv) <u>Real and Personal Property</u>. Neither the Company nor its Subsidiaries own any real property. The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all personal property (other than intellectual property, which is addressed exclusively in <u>Section</u> <u>6(ii</u>)) owned by them which is material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances and defects except such as are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere in any material respect with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its Subsidiaries; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company and its Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and, to the Knowledge of the Company, enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its Subsidiaries, in each case except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ww) <u>Compliance with ERISA</u>. (i) Each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("**<u>ERISA</u>**"), for which the Company or any member of its "Controlled Group" (for the purpose of this <u>Section</u> <u>6</u><u>(uu)</u>, "**<u>Controlled Group</u>**" is defined as any entity, whether or not incorporated, that is under common control with the Company within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(14) of ERISA or any entity that would be regarded as a single employer with the Company under Section 414(b),(c),(m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "**<u>Code</u>**")) would have any liability (each, a "**Plan**") has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Code; (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan, excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; (iii) for each Plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no Plan has failed (whether or not waived), or is reasonably expected to fail, to satisfy the minimum funding standards (within the meaning of Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code) applicable to such Plan; (iv) no Plan is, or is reasonably expected to be, in "at risk status" (within the meaning of Section 303(i) of ERISA) and no Plan that is a "multiemployer plan" within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA is in "endangered status" or "critical status" (within the meaning of Sections 304 and 305 of ERISA) (v) the fair market value of the assets of each Plan exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such Plan (determined based on those assumptions used to fund such Plan); (vi) no "reportable event" (within the meaning of Section 4043(c) of ERISA and the regulations promulgated thereunder) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur; (vii) each Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification; (viii) neither the Company nor any member of the Controlled Group has incurred, nor reasonably expects to incur, any liability under Title IV of ERISA (other than contributions to the Plan or premiums to the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation, in the ordinary course and without default) in respect of a Plan (including a "multiemployer plan" within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA); and (ix) none of the following events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur: (A) a material increase in the aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans by the Company or its Controlled Group affiliates in the current fiscal year of the Company and its Controlled Group affiliates compared to the amount of such contributions made in the Company's and its Controlled Group affiliates' most recently completed fiscal year; or (B) a material increase in the Company and its Subsidiaries' "accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations" (within the meaning of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 715-60) compared to the amount of such obligations in the Company and its Subsidiaries' most recently completed fiscal year, except in each case with respect to the events or conditions set forth in (i) through (ix) hereof, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(xx) <u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</u>. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the Company's Knowledge, any of their officers or directors, in their capacities as such, to comply with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith (the "**<u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</u>**") then applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(yy) <u>Statistical and Market Data</u>. The statistical, industry-related and market-related data included in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes, after reasonable inquiry, to be reliable and accurate in all material respects, such data is consistent with the sources from which they are derived, and, to the extent required, the Company has obtained the written consent to the use of such data from such sources.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(zz) <u>No Acquisitions or Dispositions</u>. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, (i) the Company and its Subsidiaries have not incurred any material liability or obligation, direct or contingent, nor entered into any material transaction; (ii) the Company has not purchased any of its outstanding capital stock other than from employees or other service providers in connection with such person's termination of services from the Company or its Subsidiaries pursuant to equity compensation plans or agreements described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or in exercise of the Company's right of first refusal upon a proposed transfer, nor declared, paid or otherwise made any dividend or distribution of any kind on its capital stock other than ordinary and customary dividends; and (iii) there has not been any material change in the capital stock (other than the exercise of equity awards or grants of equity awards or forfeiture of equity awards outstanding as of such respective dates as of which information is given in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, in each case granted pursuant to the equity compensation plans described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus), short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(aaa) <u>Labor Disputes</u>. No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists, except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, or, to the Knowledge of the Company, is imminent; and the Company is not aware of any existing, threatened or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of its principal suppliers, manufacturers or contractors that could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole.

Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to TD Cowen or to counsel for TD Cowen pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to TD Cowen as to the matters set forth therein.

The Company acknowledges that TD Cowen and, for purposes of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7</u> hereof, counsel to the Company and counsel to TD Cowen, will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. <u>Covenants of the Company</u>. The Company covenants and agrees with TD Cowen that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Registration Statement Amendments</u>. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating to any Placement Shares is required to be delivered by TD Cowen under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), (i) the Company will notify TD Cowen promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and of any request by the

------

Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information, (ii) the Company will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon TD Cowen's request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in TD Cowen's reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Placement Shares by TD Cowen (*provided, however*, that the failure of TD Cowen to make such request shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect TD Cowen's right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement); (iii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference, relating to the Placement Shares or a security convertible into the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to TD Cowen within a reasonable period of time before the filing and TD Cowen has not reasonably objected thereto (*provided, however*, that the failure of TD Cowen to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect TD Cowen's right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to TD Cowen at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; (iv) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act, and (v) prior to the termination of this Agreement, the Company will notify TD Cowen if at any time the Registration Statement shall no longer be effective as a result of the passage of time pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act or otherwise. Prior to the initial sale of any Placement Shares, the Company shall file a final Prospectus Supplement pursuant to Rule 424(b) relating to the Placement Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>Notice of Commission Stop Orders</u>. The Company will advise TD Cowen, promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) <u>Notice of Experienced Issuer Disqualification</u>. The Company will advise TD Cowen promptly after it obtains knowledge that it no longer qualifies as an "experienced issuer" (within the meaning of FINRA Rule 5110(j)(6)) for purposes of the exemption from filing under FINRA Rule 5110(h)(1)(C).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Delivery of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes</u>. During any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by TD Cowen under the Securities Act with respect to a pending sale of the Placement Shares, (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), the Company will comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and will file on or before their respective due dates all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If during such period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or

------

supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify TD Cowen to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) <u>Listing of Placement Shares</u>. During any period in which the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by TD Cowen under the Securities Act with respect to a pending sale of the Placement Shares (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on Nasdaq and to qualify the Placement Shares for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as TD Cowen reasonably designates and to continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares; *provided, however,* that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or dealer in securities or file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) <u>Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus</u>. The Company will furnish to TD Cowen and its counsel (at the expense of the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered under the Securities Act (including all documents filed with the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities as TD Cowen may from time to time reasonably request and, at TD Cowen's request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; *provided, however,* that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to TD Cowen to the extent such document is available on EDGAR.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) <u>Earnings Statement</u>. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 15 months after the end of the Company's current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) <u>Expenses</u>. The Company, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, in accordance with the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>11</u> hereof, will pay the following expenses all incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, including, but not limited to, expenses relating to (i) the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement and each amendment and supplement thereto, of each Prospectus and of each amendment and supplement thereto, (ii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the Placement Shares, (iii) the qualification of the Placement Shares under securities laws in accordance with the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>7(e)</u> (Listing of Placement Shares) of this Agreement, including filing fees (provided, however, that any fees or disbursements of counsel for TD Cowen in connection therewith shall be paid by TD Cowen except as set forth in (vii) below), (iv) the

------

printing and delivery to TD Cowen of copies of the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, and of this Agreement, (v) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing or qualification of the Placement Shares for trading on Nasdaq, (vi) the filing fees and expenses, if any, of the Commission, (vii) the filing fees and reasonable fees and disbursements of TD Cowen's outside counsel for filings with the FINRA Corporate Financing Department in an amount up to $10,000, and (viii) the reasonable fees and disbursements of TD Cowen's counsel in amounts not to exceed (A) $75,000 in connection with execution of this Agreement and (B) $25,000 in connection with each Bring-Down Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(n)</u>, for which no waiver is applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) <u>Use of Proceeds</u>. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled "Use of Proceeds."

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) <u>Notice of Other Sales</u>. During the pendency of any Placement Notice given hereunder, and for five (5) Trading Days following the termination of any Placement Notice given hereunder, the Company shall provide TD Cowen notice as promptly as reasonably possible before it offers to sell, contracts to sell, sells, grants any option to sell or otherwise disposes of any shares of Common Stock (other than Placement Shares offered pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire Common Stock; *provided*, that such notice shall not be required in connection with the (i) issuance, grant or sale of Common Stock, options to purchase shares of Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options or other equity awards pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus or other stock plan or arrangement described in the Prospectus, (ii) the issuance of securities in connection with an acquisition, merger or sale or purchase of assets, (iii) the issuance or sale of Common Stock pursuant to any dividend reinvestment plan that the Company may adopt from time to time provided the implementation of such is disclosed to TD Cowen in advance, (iv) any shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exchange, conversion or redemption of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding or otherwise disclosed in writing to TD Cowen prior to the date of the applicable Placement Notice or (v) the issuance or sale of shares of Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock, offered and sold in a privately negotiated transaction to vendors, customers, investors, strategic partners or potential strategic partners, collaborators, joint venturers, equipment leasing providers, financial institutions or other lenders in connection with debt arrangements, and otherwise conducted in a manner so as not to be integrated with the offering of Common Stock hereby.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) <u>Change of Circumstances</u>. The Company will, at any time during a fiscal quarter in which the Company intends to tender a Placement Notice or sell Placement Shares, advise TD Cowen promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document provided to TD Cowen pursuant to this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) <u>Due Diligence Cooperation</u>. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by TD Cowen or its agents in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company's principal offices, as TD Cowen may reasonably request.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) <u>Required Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares</u>. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require, the Company will (i) file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (each and every filing under Rule 424(b), a "**<u>Filing Date</u>**"), and (ii) deliver such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules or regulations of such exchange or market. The Company shall disclose in its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, the number of the Placement Shares sold through TD Cowen under this Agreement and the Net Proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement during the relevant quarter or, in the case of an Annual Report on Form 10-K, during the fiscal year covered by such Annual Report and the fourth quarter of such fiscal year.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n) <u>Bring-Down Dates; Certificate</u>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date and each time (i) the Company files the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares or amends or supplements the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares (other than a prospectus supplement filed in accordance with <u>Section</u> <u>7(m)</u> (Required Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares) by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of document(s) by reference to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares; (ii) the Company files an Annual Report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act; (iii) the Company files its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or (iv) the Company files a report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than an earnings release) under the Exchange Act and TD Cowen reasonably determines, in its sole discretion that the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, such Form 8-K is material to a holder of Common Stock or to an offering of the Placement Shares (each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) shall be a **"<u>Bring-Down Date</u>"**); the Company shall furnish TD Cowen with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(n)</u> within one (1) Trading Day of any Bring-Down Date if requested by TD Cowen. The requirement to provide a certificate under this <u>Section</u> <u>7(n)</u> shall be automatically waived for any Bring-Down Date occurring at a time at which no Placement Notice is pending, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Bring-Down Date) and the next occurring Bring-Down Date; *provided*, *however*, that such waiver shall not apply for any Bring-Down Date on which the Company files its Annual Report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Bring-Down Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide TD Cowen with a certificate under this <u>Section</u> <u>7(n)</u>, then before the Company delivers the Placement Notice or TD Cowen sells any Placement Shares, the Company shall provide TD Cowen with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(n)</u>, dated the date of the Placement Notice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) <u>Legal Opinion</u>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date and within one (1) Trading Day of each Bring-Down Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(n)</u> for which no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause to be furnished to TD Cowen a written opinion and negative assurance letter of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C. ("**<u>Company Counsel</u>**"), or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to TD Cowen, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to TD Cowen and its counsel, dated the date that the opinion and negative assurance letter are required to be delivered, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as then amended

------

or supplemented; *provided*, *however*, that in lieu of such opinions and negative assurance letters for subsequent Bring-Down Dates, Company Counsel may furnish TD Cowen with a letter to the effect that TD Cowen may rely on a prior opinion or negative assurance letter delivered under this <u>Section</u> <u>7(o)</u> to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinion or negative assurance letter shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented at such Bring-Down Date).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(p) <u>Legal Opinions of Company Intellectual Property Counsel</u>. On the initial Bring-Down Date and thereafter within one (1) Business Day (as defined below) of each subsequent Representation Date for which the Company delivers a certificate pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(n)</u>, the Company shall cause to be furnished to TD Cowen, dated as of such date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to TD Cowen, the written opinions of Morrison & Foerster LLP and Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox P.L.L.C, intellectual property counsel for the Company, as described in <u>Section</u> <u>8(g)</u> (Legal Opinions of Company Intellectual Property Counsel), modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to the time of delivery of such opinions; *provided*, *however*, that in lieu of such opinions for subsequent Bring-Down Dates, counsel may furnish TD Cowen with letters to the effect that TD Cowen may rely on prior opinions delivered under this <u>Section</u> <u>7(p)</u> to the same extent as if they were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinions shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented at such Bring-Down Date); *provided further* that the Company shall cause Morrison & Foerster LLP and Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox P.L.L.C to each furnish at least one such opinion to TD Cowen annually within one (1) Trading Day of each Bring-Down Date related to the Company's filing of its annual report on Form 10-K with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(n)</u> for which no waiver is applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(q) <u>Comfort Letter</u>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date and within one (1) Trading Day of each Bring-Down Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(n)</u> for which no waiver is applicable, the Company shall cause its independent accountants to furnish TD Cowen letters (the **"<u>Comfort Letters</u>"**), dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, in form and substance satisfactory to TD Cowen, (i) confirming that they are an independent registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB, (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants' "comfort letters" to TD Cowen in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the **"<u>Initial Comfort Letter</u>"**) and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(r) <u>Market Activities</u>. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase the Common Stock to be issued and sold pursuant to this Agreement, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than TD Cowen; provided, however, that the Company may bid for and purchase shares of its Common Stock in accordance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(s) <u>Insurance</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as is reasonable and customary for the business for which it is engaged.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(t) <u>Compliance with Laws</u>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, all material environmental permits, licenses and other authorizations required by federal, state and local law in order to conduct their businesses as described in the Prospectus, and the Company and each of its Subsidiaries shall conduct their businesses, or cause their businesses to be conducted, in substantial compliance with such permits, licenses and authorizations and with applicable Environmental Laws, except where the failure to maintain or be in compliance with such permits, licenses and authorizations could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(u) <u>Investment Company Act</u>. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor its Subsidiaries will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, an "investment company," as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act, assuming no change in the Commission's current interpretation as to entities that are not considered an investment company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) <u>Securities Act and Exchange Act</u>. The Company will use its best efforts to comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act as from time to time in force, so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of, or dealings in, the Placement Shares as contemplated by the provisions hereof and the Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(w) <u>No Offer to Sell</u>. Other than a Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, neither TD Cowen nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than TD Cowen in its capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Common Stock hereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(x) <u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries will use their best efforts to comply with all effective applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(y) <u>Affirmation</u>. Each Placement Notice delivered by the Company to TD Cowen shall be deemed to be (i) an affirmation that the representations, warranties and agreements of the Company herein contained and contained in any certificate delivered to TD Cowen pursuant hereto are true and correct at the time of delivery of such Placement Notice, and (ii) an undertaking that such representations, warranties and agreements will be true and correct on any applicable Time of Sale and Settlement Date, as though made at and as of each such time (it being understood that such representations, warranties and agreements shall relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to the time of such Placement Notice acceptance).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8. <u>Conditions to TD Cowen's Obligations</u>. The obligations of TD Cowen hereunder with respect to a Placement Notice will be subject to the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and thereunder, to the completion by TD Cowen of a due

------

diligence review satisfactory to TD Cowen in its reasonable judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by TD Cowen in its sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Registration Statement Effective</u>. The Registration Statement shall be effective and shall be available for (i) all sales of Placement Shares issued pursuant to all prior Placement Notices and (ii) the sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to be issued pursuant to any Placement Notice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>No Material Notices</u>. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the occurrence of any event that makes any material statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, related Prospectus or such documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) <u>No Misstatement or Material Omission</u>. TD Cowen shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in TD Cowen's reasonable opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in TD Cowen's opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Material Changes</u>. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company's reports filed with the Commission, there shall not have been any material adverse change, on a consolidated basis, in the authorized capital stock of the Company or any Material Adverse Change or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change, or any downgrading in or withdrawal of the rating assigned to any of the Company's securities (other than asset backed securities) by any rating organization or a public announcement by any rating organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any of the Company's securities (other than asset backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a rating organization described above, in the reasonable judgment of TD Cowen (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise have), is so material as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) <u>Company Counsel Legal Opinion</u>. TD Cowen shall have received the opinion and negative assurance letter of Company Counsel required to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(o)</u> (Legal Opinion) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinion and negative assurance letter is required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(o)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) <u>TD Cowen Counsel Legal Opinion</u>. TD Cowen shall have received from Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, counsel for TD Cowen, such opinion and negative assurance letter, on or before the date on which the delivery of the Company Counsel legal opinion and negative assurance letter are required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(o)</u> (Legal Opinion), with respect to such matters as TD Cowen may reasonably require, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel such documents as they request for enabling them to pass upon such matters.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) <u>Legal Opinions of Company Intellectual Property Counsel</u>. TD Cowen shall have received on each date specified in <u>Section</u> <u>7(p)</u> opinions of Morrison & Foerster LLP and Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox P.L.L.C, intellectual property counsel for the Company, dated such date, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to TD Cowen.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) <u>Comfort Letter</u>. TD Cowen shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(q)</u> (Comfort Letter) on or before the date on which such delivery of such Comfort Letter is required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(q)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) <u>Representation Certificate</u>. TD Cowen shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(n)</u> (Bring-Down Dates; Certificate) on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(n)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) <u>Secretary's Certificate</u>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date, TD Cowen shall have received a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company by its corporate secretary, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to TD Cowen and its counsel.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) <u>No Suspension</u>. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on Nasdaq.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) <u>Other Materials</u>. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>7(n)</u> (Bring-Down Dates; Certificate), the Company shall have furnished to TD Cowen such appropriate further information, certificates and documents as TD Cowen may have reasonably requested. All such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents shall have been in compliance with the provisions hereof. The Company will furnish TD Cowen with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents as TD Cowen shall have reasonably requested.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) <u>Securities Act Filings Made</u>. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n) <u>Approval for Listing</u>. The Placement Shares shall either have been (i) approved for listing on Nasdaq, subject only to notice of issuance, or (ii) the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on Nasdaq at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) <u>No Termination Event</u>. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit TD Cowen to terminate this Agreement pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>11(a)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. <u>Indemnification and Contribution</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Company Indemnification</u>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless TD Cowen, the directors, officers, partners, employees and agents of TD Cowen and each person, if any, who (i) controls TD Cowen within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with TD Cowen from and against any and all losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including, but not limited to, any and all reasonable investigative, legal and other expenses incurred in connection with, and any and all amounts paid in settlement (in accordance with <u>Section</u> <u>9(c)</u>) of, any action, suit or proceeding between any of the indemnified parties and any indemnifying parties or between any indemnified party and any third party, or otherwise, or any claim asserted), as and when incurred, to which TD Cowen, or any such person, may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, at common law or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, liabilities, expenses or damages arise out of or are based, directly or indirectly, on (x) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or in any free writing prospectus or in any application or other document executed by or on behalf of the Company or based on written information furnished by or on behalf of the Company filed in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the Common Stock under the securities laws thereof or filed with the Commission or (y) the omission or alleged omission to state in any such document a material fact required to be stated in it or necessary to make the statements in it not misleading; *provided*, *however*, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to the extent that such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage arises from the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement and is caused directly or indirectly by an untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with solely Agent's Information. "**<u>Agent</u><u>'</u><u>s Information</u>**" means, solely, the following information in the Prospectus: the third sentence in the eighth paragraph under the caption "Plan of Distribution" in the Prospectus. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability that the Company might otherwise have.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>TD Cowen Indemnification</u>. TD Cowen agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the Company that signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who (i) controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with the Company against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in <u>Section</u> <u>9(a)</u> (Company Indemnification), as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto) or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Agent's Information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) <u>Procedure</u>. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party

------

in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this <u>Section</u> <u>9</u>, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> and (ii) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provision of this <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying party, (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (3) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly as they are incurred. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising or that may arise out of such claim, action or proceeding.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Contribution</u>. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs of this <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or TD Cowen, the Company and TD Cowen will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or

------

proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than TD Cowen, such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and TD Cowen may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and TD Cowen on the other. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and TD Cowen on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total Net Proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total compensation received by TD Cowen from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and TD Cowen, on the other, with respect to the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or TD Cowen, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and TD Cowen agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this <u>Section</u> <u>9(d)</u> were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this <u>Section</u> <u>9(d)</u> shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this <u>Section</u> <u>9(d)</u>, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with <u>Section</u> <u>9(c)</u> hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this <u>Section</u> <u>9(d)</u>, TD Cowen shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this <u>Section</u> <u>9(d)</u>, any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of TD Cowen, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this <u>Section</u> <u>9(d)</u>, will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this <u>Section</u> <u>9(d)</u> except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of <u>Section</u> <u>9(c)</u> (Procedure) hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to <u>Section</u> <u>9(c)</u> hereof.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. <u>Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery</u>. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> of this Agreement and all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their respective dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of TD Cowen, any controlling persons, or the Company (or any of their respective officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11. <u>Termination</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) TD Cowen shall have the right by giving notice as hereinafter specified at any time to terminate this Agreement if (i) any Material Adverse Change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change has occurred that, in the reasonable judgment of TD Cowen, may materially impair the ability of TD Cowen to sell the Placement Shares hereunder, (ii) the Company shall have failed, refused or been unable to perform any agreement on its part to be performed hereunder within the time period required under this Agreement or any longer period of time as may be agreed to in writing by TD Cowen and the Company, or (iii) any other condition of TD Cowen's obligations hereunder is not fulfilled, or (iv), any suspension or limitation of trading in the Placement Shares or in securities generally on Nasdaq shall have occurred. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>7(h)</u> (Expenses), <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> (Indemnification and Contribution), <u>Section</u> <u>10</u> (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), <u>Section</u> <u>16</u> (Applicable Law; Consent to Jurisdiction) and <u>Section</u> <u>17</u> (Waiver of Jury Trial) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If TD Cowen elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this <u>Section</u> <u>11(a)</u>, TD Cowen shall provide the required notice as specified in <u>Section</u> <u>12</u> (Notices).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The Company shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days' notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>7(h)</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>9</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>10</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>16</u> and <u>Section</u> <u>17</u> hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) TD Cowen shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days' notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>7(h)</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>9</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>10</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>16</u> and <u>Section</u> <u>17</u> hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Unless earlier terminated pursuant to this <u>Section</u> <u>11</u>, this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance and sale of all of the Placement Shares through TD Cowen on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein; *provided* that the provisions of <u>Section</u> <u>7(h)</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>9</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>10</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>16</u> and <u>Section</u> <u>17</u> hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to <u>Sections</u> <u>11(a)</u>, <u>(b)</u>, <u>(c)</u>, or <u>(d)</u> above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; *provided,* 

------

 *however,* that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that <u>Section</u> <u>7(h)</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>9</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>10</u>, <u>Section</u> <u>16</u> and <u>Section</u> <u>17</u> shall remain in full force and effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; *provided, however,* that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by TD Cowen or the Company, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12. <u>Notices</u>. All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified in this Agreement, and if sent to TD Cowen, shall be delivered to TD Cowen at TD Securities (USA) LLC, 1 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, Attention: ATM Team, email: [\*\*\*], with a copy to [\*\*\*]; or if sent to the Company, shall be delivered to Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 600, South San Francisco, California 94080, attention: Neil Berkley, email: [\*\*\*], with a copy to Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C., attention: Michael Coke, email: [\*\*\*]. Each party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose. Each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile transmission (with an original to follow) on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day (as defined below), or, if such day is not a Business Day on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight courier and (iii) on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, "**<u>Business Day</u>**" shall mean any day on which the Nasdaq and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13. <u>Successors and Assigns</u>. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and TD Cowen and their respective successors and the affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in <u>Section</u> <u>9</u> hereof. References to any of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14. <u>Adjustments for Share Splits</u>. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any share split, share dividend or similar event effected with respect to the Common Stock.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15. <u>Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability</u>. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written

------

instrument executed by the Company and TD Cowen. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16. <u>Applicable Law; Consent to Jurisdiction</u>. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York without regard to the principles of conflicts of laws. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, borough of Manhattan, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection with any transaction contemplated hereby, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17. <u>Waiver of Jury Trial</u>. The Company and TD Cowen each hereby irrevocably waives any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any claim based upon or arising out of this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18. <u>Absence of Fiduciary Relationship</u>*.* The Company acknowledges and agrees that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) TD Cowen has been retained solely to act as an arm's length contractual counterparty to the Company in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares contemplated hereby and that no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between the Company and TD Cowen has been created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether TD Cowen has advised or is advising the Company on other matters;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the Company is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) the Company has been advised that TD Cowen and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and that TD Cowen has no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) the Company waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against TD Cowen, for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty and agrees that TD Cowen shall have no liability (whether direct or indirect) to the Company in respect of such a

------

fiduciary claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on behalf of or in right of the Company, including stockholders, partners, employees or creditors of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19. <u>Counterparts</u>. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile or other electronic transmission (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;20. <u>Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) In the event that TD Cowen is a Covered Entity (as defined below) and becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime (as defined below), the transfer from TD Cowen of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) In the event that TD Cowen is a Covered Entity and TD Cowen or a BHC Act Affiliate (as defined below) of TD Cowen becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights (as defined below) under this Agreement that may be exercised against TD Cowen are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) For purposes of this <u>Section</u> <u>20</u>; (a) "**<u>BHC Act Affiliate</u>**" has the meaning assigned to the term "affiliate" in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k), (b) "**<u>Covered Entity</u>**" means any of the following: (i) a "covered entity" as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (ii) a "covered bank" as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (iii) a "covered FSI" as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b), (c) "**<u>Default Right</u>**" has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable, and (d) "**<u>U.S. Special Resolution Regime</u>**" means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;21. <u>Termination of Existing Sales Agreement</u>. Effective as of immediately prior to the execution of this Agreement, the Company and TD Cowen hereby terminate the Sales Agreement dated as of November 7, 2023 (the "**Existing Sales Agreement**"), by and between the Company and Cowen and Company, LLC, pursuant to Section 11(e) of the Existing Sales Agreement.

**[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank]** 

------

If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and TD Cowen, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and TD Cowen.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Very truly yours, | Very truly yours, |
| **TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC** | **TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC** |
| By: | /s/ Michael Murphy |
|  | Name: Michael Murphy |
|  | Title: Managing Director |
| **ACCEPTED as of the date<br>first-above written:** | **ACCEPTED as of the date<br>first-above written:** |
| **ALECTOR, INC.** | **ALECTOR, INC.** |
| By: | /s/ Arnon Rosenthal |
|  | Name: Arnon Rosenthal |
|  | Title: Chief Executive Officer |

---

------

**SCHEDULE 1** 

**<u>FORM OF PLACEMENT NOTICE</u>**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| From: | [ ] |
| Cc: | [ ] |
| To: | [ ] |
| Subject:  | TD Cowen At the Market Offering—Placement Notice |

---

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the Sales Agreement between Alector, Inc. (the "<u>Company</u>"), and TD Securities (USA) LLC ("<u>TD Cowen</u>") dated May 7, 2026 (the "<u>Agreement</u>"), I hereby request on behalf of the Company that TD Cowen sell up to [ ] shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, at a minimum market price of $_______ per share. Sales should begin on the date of this Notice and shall continue until [DATE] [all shares are sold].

------

**<u>SCHEDULE 2</u>**

**<u>Notice Parties</u>**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Company</u>** |  |
| Neil Berkley | Chief Financial Officer and Chief Business Officer |
| Arnon Rosenthal | Chief Executive Officer |
| CC: |  |
| Danielle Pasqualone | General Counsel |
| Ginger Levy | Vice President, Corporate Law and Compliance |
| Cameron Hagen | Corporate Law Director |
| Grace Wong-Sarad | Chief Accounting Officer |
| **<u>TD Cowen</u>** |  |
| Michael J. Murphy | Managing Director |
| William Follis | Managing Director |
| Adriano Pierroz | Director |
| Megan Sanford | Associate |

---

------

**<u>SCHEDULE 3</u>**

**<u>Compensation</u>**

TD Cowen shall be paid compensation up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sales of Common Stock pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.

------

**Exhibit 7(n)** 

**<u>OFFICER CERTIFICATE</u>**

## Exhibit 5.1

**Exhibit 5.1** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ![LOGO](g910893dsp004.jpg)  | Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati<br> Professional Corporation<br> 650 Page Mill Road<br> Palo Alto, California 94304-1050<br> O: 650.493.9300<br> F: 866.974.7329 |

---

May 7, 2026

Alector, Inc.

131 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 600

South San Francisco, California 94080

**<u>Re: Alector, Inc. – "At the Market" Sale and Issuance of up to $125,000,000 of Shares of Common Stock</u>**

Ladies and Gentlemen:

This opinion is furnished to you in connection with the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the "**Registration Statement**"), filed by Alector, Inc. (the "**Company**") with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "**Commission**") on March 12, 2026 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "**Securities Act**"), and declared effective on April 30, 2026, the prospectus contained within the registration statement (the "**Prospectus**"), and the prospectus supplement to the Registration Statement dated May 7, 2026 (the "**Prospectus Supplement**") in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of up to $125,000,000 of shares of the Company's common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the "**Shares**"), to be issued and sold by the Company. We understand that the Company has agreed to issue and sell the Shares from time to time through TD Securities (USA) LLC ("**TD Cowen**") as agent and/or principal pursuant to a sales agreement by and between the Company and TD Cowen (the "**Sales Agreement**").

We are acting as counsel for the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares by the Company. In such capacity, we have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such documents, corporate records, certificates of public officials and other instruments as we have deemed necessary for the purposes of rendering this opinion. In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity with the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies, the authenticity of the originals of such documents and the legal competence of all signatories to such documents.

We express no opinion herein as to the laws of any state or jurisdiction other than the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (including the statutory provisions and all applicable judicial decisions interpreting those laws) and the federal laws of the United States of America.

AUSTIN BOSTON BOULDER BRUSSELS HONG KONG LONDON LOS ANGELES NEW YORK PALO ALTO

SALT LAKE CITY SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE SHANGHAI WASHINGTON, DC WILMINGTON, DE

------

On the basis of the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares to be issued and sold by the Company have been duly authorized and, when such Shares are issued and paid for in accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on or about the date hereof for incorporation by reference into the Registration Statement, and to the use of our name wherever it appears in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, Prospectus Supplement, and in any amendment or supplement thereto. In giving such consent, we do not believe that we are "experts" within the meaning of such term as used in the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission issued thereunder with respect to any part of the Registration Statement, including this opinion as an exhibit or otherwise.

---

| |
|:---|
| Very truly yours, |
| **WILSON SONSINI GOODRICH & ROSATI** |
| Professional Corporation |
| /s/ Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C. |

---