# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001462056
**File Stem:** 0001628280-26-016395
**Filing Date:** 2026-3
**Character Count:** 499525
**Document Hash:** 9d061c9a67d494b45a50273332ef1ff5
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001628280-26-016395.hdr.sgml**: 20260310

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001628280-26-016395

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 116

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20251231

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260310

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260310

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Backblaze, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001462056
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 06 Technology
- **EIN:** 208893125
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-41026
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26739140

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 2261 MARKET STREET STE 81006
- **CITY:** SAN FRANCISCO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 94114
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 650.352.3738

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 2261 MARKET STREET STE 81006
- **CITY:** SAN FRANCISCO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 94114

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? blze-20251231

**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

_________________________________

**FORM 10-K**

_________________________________

**(Mark One)**

☒ **ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025**

**OR**

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from to** 

**Commission file number 001-41026**

_________________________________

**BACKBLAZE, INC.**

_________________________________

**(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **20-8893125** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of<br>incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer <br>Identification No.) |
| **2261 Market Street STE 81006**<br>**San Francisco, CA**  | **94114** |
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) |

---

**(650) 352-3738**

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share | BLZE | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC <br>(The Nasdaq Global Market) |

---

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act:

None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☒ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |
| | | Emerging growth company | ☒ |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based on the closing price of $5.50 for a share of the registrant's Class A common stock on June 30, 2025 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second quarter), as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market, was approximately $240.3 million. Shares of Class A common stock held by each executive officer, director, and holder of 5% or more of the outstanding Class A common stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

As of March 3, 2026, 60.1 million shares of the registrant's Class A common stock were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the information called for by Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is hereby incorporated by reference from the definitive proxy statement for the registrant's 2026 annual meeting of stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

------

**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**Table of Contents**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| [Part I](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_10) | [Part I](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_10) | Pages |
| | <u>[Item 1. Business](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_13)</u> | <u>[2](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_13)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 1A. Risk Factors](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_16)</u> | <u>[7](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_16)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_19)</u> | <u>[33](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_19)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 1C. Cybersecurity](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_22)</u> | <u>[34](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_22)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 2. Properties](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_25)</u> | <u>[35](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_25)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 3. Legal Proceedings](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_28)</u> | <u>[35](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_28)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_31)</u> | <u>[36](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_31)</u> |
| [Part II](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_34) | [Part II](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_34) | |
| | <u>[Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_37)</u> | <u>[37](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_37)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 6. Reserved](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_40)</u> | <u>[37](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_40)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_43)</u> | <u>[38](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_43)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_76)</u> | <u>[58](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_76)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_79)</u> | <u>[60](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_79)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_160)</u> | <u>[96](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_160)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 9A. Controls and Procedures](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_163)</u> | <u>[96](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_163)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 9B. Other Information](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_166)</u> | <u>[97](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_166)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction That Prevent Inspections](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_169)</u> | <u>[97](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_169)</u> |
| [Part III](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_172) | [Part III](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_172) | |
| | <u>[Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_175)</u> | <u>[98](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_175)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 11. Executive Compensation](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_178)</u> | <u>[98](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_178)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owner and Management and Related Stockholder Matters](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_181)</u> | <u>[98](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_181)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_184)</u> | <u>[98](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_184)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_187)</u> | <u>[98](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_187)</u> |
| [Part IV](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_190) | [Part IV](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_190) | |
| | <u>[Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_193)</u> | <u>[99](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_193)</u> |
| | <u>[Item 16. Form 10-K Summary](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_196)</u> | <u>[100](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_196)</u> |
| [Signatures](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_199) | [Signatures](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_199) | <u>[101](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_199)</u> |

---

i

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including statements regarding our future results of operations or financial condition, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that are in some cases beyond our control and may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as "anticipate," "believe," "contemplate," "continue," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "should," "target," "will" or "would" or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to sell our platform to new customers;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to retain and expand use of our platform by our existing customers;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to effectively manage our growth;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to successfully obtain timely returns on our investments in initiatives relating to sales and marketing, research and development, storage capacity, and other areas;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to maintain our competitive advantages;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to maintain and expand our partner ecosystem;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to maintain the security of our platform and the security and privacy of customer data;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to successfully expand in our existing markets and into new markets;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the attraction and retention of qualified employees and key personnel;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to successfully defend litigation brought against us;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the impact of pandemics, inflation, war, other hostilities and other disruptive events on our business or that of our customers, partners, and supply chain or on the global economy; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to prevent material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and operating results. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in the section titled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

In addition, statements that "we believe" and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based on information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. While we believe that information provides a reasonable basis for these statements, that information may be limited or incomplete. Our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on these statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments.

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**Part I**

**Item 1. Business**

**Overview**

We are a high-performance cloud storage platform for data-intensive use cases in the artificial intelligence ("AI") era and across a broad range of modern cloud workloads, designed to help customers address complex storage needs by reducing the barriers of lock-in, complexity, and cost. Our mission is to make customers succeed by solving their toughest data storage challenges. We aim to achieve this mission through our purpose-built, web-scale software infrastructure, which is essential to the global data center and compute infrastructure buildout.

**Our Platform and Cloud Services**

***Backblaze Storage Cloud***

The Backblaze Storage Cloud provides the core platform for our cloud services and is designed to deliver high-performance, secure, reliable object storage at exabyte scale. It currently manages over 1 trillion files which are available on demand and is designed to scale efficiently to meet growing enterprise workloads and AI-driven data demands. The key enabler of the Backblaze Storage Cloud is its proprietary global-scale system and software architecture, which manages our global physical infrastructure, including hundreds of thousands of hard drives across multiple data centers.

The web-scale software layer receives, stores, and delivers data for customers across the globe, intelligently allocating storage based on capacity and demand to maintain availability and durability at scale. Managing ever-growing volumes of data across increasingly large hard drives while maintaining durability, availability, and throughput is highly complex. We believe that continued investment in developing performance optimization, efficiency improvements, operational support, and other software innovation enhances our ability to efficiently leverage hardware and scale cost-effectively. Alongside these core processes, this software architecture manages load balancing, caching, deletion, billing, and other essential

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

functions for hundreds of thousands of customers. Regular updates to our codebase further strengthen these capabilities and improve the overall performance of our Infrastructure-as-a-Service platform ("IaaS").

Our vault architecture creates redundancy for the storage of customer data using proprietary and other algorithms. Our software splits each uploaded customer file into several data parts, adds multiple redundant parts, and stores these parts across discrete hard drives in different servers in a data center. As a result, even if a few of the parts are entirely lost or offline, we are able to reconstruct the customer data from the remaining parts for durability and availability. Our globally distributed storage platform also offers customers multi-region geographic choice for their data, including East and West Coast regions in the United States, as well as regions in Canada, and Europe, providing flexibility for different needs including geopolitical considerations, regulatory requirements, and performance optimization.

As our customers' data needs grow, we seek to continuously and smoothly deploy additional infrastructure and utilize finance leases to align capital deployment with platform scaling requirements. These ongoing investments are designed to support high sustained throughput relative to price, while performing at levels that we believe are at or above competitors' performance across a range of metrics, including upload and download throughput for multiple file sizes and concurrency profiles. We periodically publish performance testing results and our performance testing methodologies to enhance transparency and enable benchmarking against other cloud storage providers.

***Cloud Service Offerings***

Through our Backblaze Storage Cloud platform, we deliver two primary services, B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup, which are designed to enable customers to store, use, and protect their data in flexible and cost-effective ways. These services leverage the same core software architecture, allowing us to serve a broad spectrum of customers, from individual users to large enterprises, with consistent performance, security, and reliability.

**B2 Cloud Storage**

B2 Cloud Storage provides customers with direct access to the Backblaze Storage Cloud platform, enabling them to store, use and protect data for a broad range of use cases. Users can access this platform through industry standard and native application programming interfaces, software development kits, our web interface, or hundreds of third-party integrations. The wide range of options for accessing B2 Cloud Storage allow for broad use, including developers and partners who can integrate storage capabilities into their technology stack or build their own solutions on top of our platform. Customers also strategically tier backups of their core data systems to the Backblaze Storage Cloud platform, including on-premises and virtual machine servers and other high-capacity storage devices.

Businesses are increasingly incorporating B2 Cloud Storage, including our premium high-throughput offering, B2 Overdrive, into AI and machine learning ("ML") workflows, ensuring data accessibility, scalability, and efficient network performance. From raw data collection and processing, to model training and inference, B2 Cloud Storage is designed to provide a reliable foundation for managing vast datasets, enable seamless data transfer to graphics processing unit ("GPU") clusters, optimize storage for AI-generated outputs, and provide cost-effective, scalable storage for monitoring and logs. B2 Overdrive is built on the foundation of B2 Cloud Storage, and includes throughput up to 1Tbps, unlimited free egress, and private networking support, designed to give customers the ability to run data-intensive workloads without compromising on performance to keep costs manageable. This flexibility allows customers to leverage best-of-breed compute GPU services without vendor lock-in, and significantly reduces data transfer costs, maximizing resource utilization and minimizing overall expenses.

Customers leverage B2 Cloud Storage for a wide range of other use cases, including public, hybrid and multi-cloud data storage; application development and DevOps; content delivery and edge computing; security and ransomware protection; media management; backup, archive and tape replacement; and Internet of Things (e.g., storing data for surveillance systems, autonomous vehicles, and smart devices). In multi-cloud environments typical of AI and data-intensive workloads, customers frequently move large volumes of data across cloud providers, which can create operational complexity and result in significant data egress fees. B2 Cloud Storage's open platform and standard free egress (up to 3x of data stored) are designed to enable cost-efficient multi-cloud architectures and seamless data orchestration across diverse cloud environments.

B2 Cloud Storage operates as an IaaS model, enabling customers to scale up and down as needed on a pay-as-you-go basis or to purchase capacity or committed contracts for greater predictability.

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**Computer Backup**

Our Computer Backup cloud service solution backs up laptops, desktops, and external hard drives in a continuous and automated fashion. Whether for home computers or a business' full fleet of machines, customers can back up a virtually unlimited number of files without size or speed constraints. Computer Backup offers transparent, flat-rate pricing to allow customers to continuously back up data and is delivered as a subscription-based Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS") model.

Computer Backup includes a lightweight agent that runs locally on each end user's computer, continuously searching for new and changed files in a manner unobtrusive to the user. When a new or changed file is detected, the altered data is backed up and sent to the Backblaze Storage Cloud. Once there, it is accessible to the end user or business administrator responsible for managing the account. In the event of data loss, customers can restore all or portions of their backed-up data.

Customers leverage Computer Backup for many different use cases, including Mac and PC backup; ransomware protection; theft and loss recovery; data archiving; organization- and managed service provider ("MSP")-level management; and remote access.

**Revenue**

Substantially all of our revenue is recurring in nature. We employ a land-and-expand model that drives additional revenue from existing customers. As customers generate, store, and back up more data, their use of our platform increases, creating natural opportunities for revenue expansion. We can further expand our relationships with our customers when they adopt new features and use cases that lead to increased usage of our platform.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, our B2 Cloud Storage revenue grew by 26% and our Computer Backup cloud service revenue grew by 3%.

**Go-to-Market and Partnerships**

We continue to evolve our go-to-market strategy to focus on high-value customers with enterprise-scale workloads. Our marketing and demand generation teams have reoriented toward account-based marketing, targeted digital campaigns, and industry-specific content. In parallel, we have expanded our direct and channel sales capabilities to support complex procurement cycles and larger multi-year engagements.

Our go-to-market model includes both a sales-assisted motion and a self-service motion. The sales-assisted motion is executed by our internal sales organization, while the self-service motion enables customers to begin using our services quickly through our website and onboarding tools. Together, these motions are designed to allow us to efficiently reach a broad range of customer types and buying preferences.

***Sales-Assisted Motion***

The sales-assisted motion is supported by the following teams within our sales organization:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Direct Sales**, which focuses on acquiring and expanding relationships with larger customers and strategic accounts, including leading neocloud and AI customers.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Channel Sales**, which manages relationships with resellers and distribution partners who sell our solutions to their customers.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Alliances**, which collaborates with technology partners whose solutions integrate with or complement our platform, enhancing the value we deliver to joint customers.

While our Direct Sales team focuses on acquiring and expanding relationships with larger customers, our Channel Sales and Alliances teams extend our reach by working with our broader partner ecosystem. This ecosystem, including technology partners, channel partners, and MSPs, broadens our distribution network, enhances product integration opportunities, and is designed to drive incremental adoption of our Backblaze Storage Cloud solutions.

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***Partner Ecosystem***

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Technology Partners.** Our platform, together with those of our technology partners, enables software developers to efficiently build applications and provides a cloud storage foundation for partners whose products require reliable, scalable data storage to serve their customers. Partners offering software, hardware, or SaaS solutions to perform backups, synchronize data, manage media, and address other use cases either integrate our Backblaze Storage Cloud as their underlying data storage, or offer it as an optional storage choice to their customers.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Channel Partners*.*** We sell B2 Cloud Storage to resellers at a discounted rate. Resellers then market and sell B2 Cloud Storage individually or as part of broader solutions to businesses and organizations. This channel provides greater access to markets with specialty needs in the purchasing process, like state and local governments and educational institutions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **MSPs.** Our platform enables MSP partners to store data for backups, archives, hybrid cloud setups, ransomware protection, and other data management use cases. MSPs deliver critical IT solutions for mid-market organizations who often lack the resources to manage these workloads internally. We believe these providers choose Backblaze for the breadth of our platform support, competitive pricing that strengthens their own margin profiles, and ease of use that simplifies service delivery across diverse client environments.

**Customers**

Our customer base includes individuals, developers, MSPs, small and medium-sized businesses and large enterprises across industries including media, AI innovators, creative agencies, academic institutions, government agencies, research institutes, and gaming companies. As of December 31, 2025, we had over 500,000 customers in over 175 countries, including approximately 400,000 customers using our Computer Backup cloud services solution and approximately 120,000 customers using our B2 Cloud Storage solution (approximately 20,000 customers use both our B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup solutions). Our customer base is highly diversified, with no single customer accounting for more than 10% of our total revenue in 2025 or 2024.

The markets addressed by our platform include Public Cloud IaaS storage. According to International Data Corporation forecasts, the worldwide market for Public Cloud IaaS Storage is expected to grow to $118 billion by 2028.

**Sales and Marketing** 

Our sales and marketing strategy is designed to drive awareness, adoption, and expansion across both self-serve and direct sales motions by aligning our go-to-market efforts with how developers and businesses increasingly discover and adopt cloud infrastructure. We are investing in a number of initiatives that reduce friction for developers building businesses with AI- and other data-intensive workloads, while reinforcing our positioning as a high-performance, cost-effective, open cloud storage provider. These efforts are intended to generate qualified demand, support customer acquisition via an account-based marketing approach, and strengthen our presence within key ecosystems, allowing us to effectively go to market with customers ranging from fast moving startups to established businesses with complex procurement cycles and larger multi-year engagements. Key initiatives of this strategy include creating opportunities for frictionless AI adoption through open source ecosystems, expansion of our developer relations efforts, and the launch of Flamethrower, a startup program designed to provide early-stage companies with product credits, technical support, and ecosystem partnerships to drive early adoption and long-term customer growth.

Prospective customers find us through multiple channels, including our website, partner ecosystem, and community engagement. We leverage both online and offline marketing channels such as blogs, events and trade shows, seminars and webinars, whitepapers, case studies, search engines, advertising and email marketing. We also attend and sponsor industry events and are launching digital advertising campaigns to further extend our reach. In addition to generating customers, our content generation efforts have contributed to building a community of thousands of partners.

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**Research and Development**

Our R&D investments are focused on building an exabyte-scale storage platform that supports modern, data-intensive use cases, including AI training, analytics, and high-performance computing. In 2025, we launched several new features that enhance performance, enterprise administration, and security, such as B2 Overdrive, an updated enterprise web console, Bucket Access Logs, AI-powered Anomaly Alerts, Multi-Bucket Application Keys, support for S3 API lifecycle rules and checksums, and Legal Hold for Computer Backup.

We continue to invest in optimizing our global storage architecture for scale and throughput, ensuring the Backblaze Storage Cloud remains performant and cost-efficient as customer data footprints and workloads expand. To support higher performance and more complex use cases, we delivered platform enhancements, including upgrading our network with AI-ready 400G-capable links, optimizing our backend for faster uploads and downloads, expanding capacity and efficiency across regions, and instituting mandatory multi-factor authentication to improve account security.

**Competition**

We compete primarily on the efficiency of our platform, which enables us to deliver high-performance, enterprise-grade cloud storage at a meaningfully lower cost than traditional hyperscale providers. Our proprietary infrastructure design and software-driven architecture create operating efficiencies that we pass directly to customers through simple and transparent pricing. This combination of performance, predictability, and affordability appeals to both enterprise and AI-driven organizations that require scalable, reliable data storage.

In addition to price, we differentiate through ease of use, interoperability, and an open cloud ecosystem that integrates with a broad range of technology partners and multi-cloud environments. Our growing network of MSPs, channel partners, and technology integrations extends our reach into enterprise and mid-market segments, providing customers flexible procurement and deployment options. This efficiency-driven affordability positions Backblaze as a distinct alternative for organizations scaling workloads such as AI/ML training, media production, and data resilience.

**Intellectual Property**

Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our technology platform and cloud services, to defend and enforce our intellectual property rights, to preserve the confidentiality of our trade secrets, and to operate without infringing, misappropriating, or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of others. While we do not currently own any patents, we have three pending patent applications.

We protect our intellectual property through a combination of trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, service marks, and domain names. In addition, we control access to our proprietary technology by entering into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors, and confidentiality agreements with third parties, such as service providers, vendors, individuals, and entities that may be exploring a business relationship with us. We own the following registered trademarks: "Backblaze," "B2," "Break Free," "Blaze Forward" and the Backblaze logo. We also have pending trademark applications.

Policing unauthorized use of our technology and intellectual property rights is challenging. Despite our efforts, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise use our technology to develop applications with the same functionality as our offerings, and the measures we take to protect and preserve our trade secrets may be inadequate, and we may not have adequate remedies for violations of such measures. Furthermore, our trade secrets may become known or be independently discovered by competitors.

We may also be subject to third-party infringement claims from our competitors or non-practicing entities, some of which may have greater resources than we have. For more information regarding risks related to our intellectual property, see "Risk Factors—Risks Related to Intellectual Property."

**Employees and Human Capital**

As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately 320 full-time employees. Our workforce is predominantly remote, excluding certain employees, such as operational personnel. No employees are represented by a labor union with respect to his or her employment by us. A significant number of our employees are either software engineers that develop and

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improve the software that runs our Backblaze Storage Cloud or operations employees that specialize in network operations, site reliability engineering, technical operations, and supply chain, which operate our software and systems to deliver our infrastructure as a service and our cloud services.

Backblaze's culture is a core strength, and we believe our employees are fundamental to our success. We emphasize inclusion, collaboration, and transparency, recognizing that diverse perspectives, skills, talents, backgrounds, cultures and circumstances strengthen our ability to innovate and serve a broad array of customers. As our business evolves toward enterprise and AI-driven markets, we adopt an AI-first model for employees to strengthen productivity, improve customer outcomes, and support scalable growth.

**Facilities**

We lease data center spaces in California; Arizona; Virginia; Toronto, Canada; and Amsterdam, the Netherlands. These facilities support our global cloud infrastructure and are scalable to meet expected capacity needs.

**Corporate Information**

We were incorporated in Delaware in 2007 under the name Backblaze, Inc. We completed our initial public offering in November 2021 and our Class A common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "BLZE." Our principal executive offices are located at 2261 Market Street STE 81006, San Francisco, CA 94114 and our telephone number is (650) 352-3738. Our website address is www.backblaze.com.

**Available Information**

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. Such reports and other information filed or furnished by us with the SEC are available free of charge on our website at https://ir.backblaze.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are available on the SEC's website. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. The information contained on the websites referenced in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference into this filing. Further, our references to website URLs are intended to be inactive textual references only.

**Item 1A. Risk Factors**

*Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes, included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material. If any of these risks actually occur, it may materially harm our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, and the market price of our Class A common stock.*

**Risk Factors Summary**

Below is a summary of the principal factors that make an investment in our Class A common stock speculative or risky. Importantly, this summary does not address all of the risks that we face. Our ability to execute our business strategy is subject to numerous risks, as more fully described in the section titled "Risk Factors" immediately following this summary. These risks include, among others:

•  We have a history of cumulative losses, and we do not expect to be profitable for the foreseeable future.

•  The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results would be harmed.

•  Any significant disruption in our service or loss, or delay in availability, of our customers' data, could damage our reputation and harm our business and operating results.

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•  If we are unable to maintain our brand and reputation, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected.

•  If our information technology systems, including the data of our customers stored in our systems, are breached or subject to cybersecurity attacks, our reputation and business may be harmed.

•  If we are unable to attract and retain customers on a cost-effective basis, our revenue and operating results would be adversely affected.

•  If we are unable to provide successful enhancements, new features, and modifications to our cloud services, our business could be adversely affected.

•  Material defects or errors in our software could negatively impact our business, harm our reputation, result in significant costs to us, and negatively impact our ability to sell our cloud services.

•  We rely on third-party vendors and suppliers, including data center and hard drive providers, which may have limited sources of supply, and this reliance exposes us to potential supply and service disruptions that could harm our business.

•  Our business depends, in part, on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties.

•  Although we have previously identified and remediated material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, we could experience material weaknesses in the future and the failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could harm our business and negatively impact the value of our Class A common stock.

**Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry**

***We have a history of cumulative losses, and we do not expect to be profitable for the foreseeable future.***

We incurred net losses of $25.6 million, $48.5 million, and $59.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Following our 18 plus years of operations, we had an accumulated deficit of $221.6 million as of December 31, 2025. We cannot guarantee that net losses in future periods will be similar to those from prior periods. We intend to continue scaling our business to increase our customer base and to meet the increasingly complex needs of our customers. We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, in our sales and marketing organization to sell our cloud services around the world and in our development organization to deliver additional features and capabilities of our cloud services to address our customers' evolving needs. We also expect to continue to make significant investments in our data center infrastructure and technical operations organization as we further scale our business. As a result of our continuing investments to scale our business in each of these areas, we do not expect to be profitable for the foreseeable future. We cannot assure you that we will achieve profitability in the future or that, if we do become profitable, we will sustain profitability.

***The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results would be harmed.***

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive, with relatively low barriers to entry for certain applications and services. Some of our competitors include cloud-based services such as those offered by Amazon.com, Inc. through Amazon Web Services, Alphabet Inc. through Google Cloud Platform, and Microsoft Corporation through Azure, and on-premises offerings such as those offered by EMC/Dell and NetApp. Many of our competitors and potential competitors are larger and have greater name and brand recognition; longer operating histories; larger budgets for the development, promotion and sale of their products or services; broader service offerings and capabilities; and significantly greater resources than we do. In addition, many of our competitors have established marketing and distribution relationships with channel partners, consultants, system integrators, and resellers. Our competitors may also be able to respond more quickly and effectively to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, or customer requirements, including offering multiple types of storage solutions with various price points, feature sets and performance levels. Competition may intensify in the future, particularly as we seek to move up-market and may also include new market entrants, including storage offerings by some of our partners., customers or other third parties in the industry. For example, Cloudflare, CoreWeave, DigitalOcean and Vultr offer at least some form of their own storage solutions. Our competitors could offer their products or services at a lower price or in some combination with other services or applications that we do not offer, which could result in pricing pressures on our business. We have raised prices in the past, including price increases which took effect in the fourth quarter of 2023. While we believe that these price increases resulted in increased revenue without a material negative impact on our business, any future price increases by us, or reductions in prices by our competitors, could

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have a material adverse effect on our business, including potential loss of customers who do not wish to renew their subscriptions at the higher prices, reduction in the number of new customers, or a decrease in the amount of data that existing (or new) customers store with us or subscriptions they purchase from us. Increased competition generally could result in reduced sales, increased customer churn, lower margins, losses, or the failure of our cloud services to achieve or maintain widespread market acceptance, any of which could harm our business.

***Any significant disruption in our service or loss, or delay in availability of our customers' data, could damage our reputation and harm our business and operating results.***

Our brand, reputation, and ability to manage our systems; attract, retain, and serve our customers; and interface with our partners, are dependent upon the reliable performance of our platform, including our underlying technical infrastructure, as well as the systems and infrastructure of various third parties, including third-party hosted data centers that we use and internet access and infrastructure used by us and our customers and partners. Our customers rely on our platform to store and access their data, including financial records, business information, personal information, documents, media, and other important content. There are various reasons that our platform, or the systems that are used to access or support our platform, could experience a disruption in service, some of which are entirely outside of our control. For example, our facilities as well as the data centers that we use are subject to extreme weather events and natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and tornados, storms, floods, fires and droughts, which may become more frequent and intense due to climate change. Our facilities and the data centers that we use are also vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, intentional bad acts, war or other military conflict, terrorist attacks, cybersecurity attacks or the risk of potential cybersecurity attacks, power losses, hardware failures, systems failures, telecommunications failures, vendor consolidations, restructurings or bankruptcies, and similar events, any of which could disrupt our service, destroy user content, or prevent us from being able to continuously back up or record changes in our users' content. For example, one of the data centers we use had a cooling problem due to equipment failure in October 2025. While the issue was resolved without significantly impacting access to customer data, such events could occur in the future with adverse consequences. We also periodically refresh the hardware infrastructure underlying our Backblaze Storage Cloud platform to improve performance, scalability, and cost-efficiency. These refresh cycles involve operational complexity and capital investment, and any delays, cost overruns, integration issues, or unforeseen performance challenges could adversely affect service reliability, customer satisfaction, and our financial results. While we maintain incident response plans that include defined processes, roles, communications, responsibilities and procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents and other events that impact our operations, and such plans are tested and evaluated on a regular basis, our disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities and even if we anticipate an incident, our disaster recovery plans may not be sufficient to timely and effectively address the issue. Moreover, our platform and technical infrastructure as well as the infrastructure of our data center partners may not be adequately designed or operate with sufficient reliability and redundancy to avoid delays or outages or other issues that could be harmful to our business. If our platform is unavailable when users attempt to access it, or if it does not perform as quickly as they expect, or if data is lost, users may not use our platform as often in the future, or at all.

***If we are unable to maintain our brand and reputation, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected.***

The successful promotion of our brand and our ability to maintain our reputation will depend on a number of factors, including our performance and the reliability of our cloud services; our advertising and marketing efforts, including our blog and social media presence, which have been important to building and maintaining our brand and reputation; our ability to continue to develop high-quality features and cloud services; and our ability to successfully differentiate our cloud services from competitive products and services. Our promotional activities may not be successful or yield increased revenue.

The promotion of our brand has in the past, and may in the future cause us to make substantial expenditures, particularly as our markets become more competitive and we expand into new markets or offer new products or services, or additional features. Expenditures intended to maintain and enhance our brand may not be cost-effective or effective at all. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand, we may have reduced pricing power relative to our competitors, we could lose customers, we could fail to attract potential new customers or retain our existing customers, or our blog and thought leadership in our industry may decline in popularity, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business.

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***If our information technology systems, including the data of our customers stored in our systems, are breached or subject to cybersecurity attacks, our reputation and business may be harmed.***

Our customers rely on our solutions to store or use their data, which may include confidential or personally identifiable information, critical business information, photos, and other meaningful content. To manage and maintain such data, we are highly dependent on internal and external information technology systems and infrastructure, including the internet, to securely process, transmit, and store critical information. Although we take measures to protect our systems and sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure, third parties may be able to circumvent our security by deploying viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs that are designed to attack or attempt to infiltrate our systems and networks, including distributed denial of service ("DDoS") or phishing attacks, that can undermine the availability and performance of our systems and cloud services, lead to the blocking of our services by ISPs or governments, fraudulently steal data, or otherwise cause damage to our reputation and negatively impact us and our customers. For example, in December 2021, an industry-wide zero-day vulnerability was discovered in the Apache Log4j logging library commonly used by many companies throughout the world that could permit attackers to take control of vulnerable servers. Although we were not aware of any unauthorized access to our systems due to the Log4j vulnerability, out of an abundance of caution and because Log4j was leveraged widely in our environment, we decided it was in our customers' best interest to take our systems offline for a short period of time until we could apply the security patch. In addition, we regularly encounter attempts to create false or undesirable user accounts, phishing attacks and various types of DDoS attacks, which can disrupt our systems, impair system performance and impact analytics. Moreover, cybersecurity attacks evolve rapidly and are expected to continue to accelerate in both frequency and sophistication, and bad actors may utilize new methods not recognized because they are designed to circumvent controls, avoid detection, and remove or obfuscate forensic evidence. Although we have taken, and continue to take, various actions to prevent and mitigate potential cybersecurity attacks, it is very difficult to successfully identify, stop, or resolve such attacks, or implement adequate preventative measures and we will continue to incur costs in our efforts to protect against and respond to cyber-attacks and potential cyber-attacks. Also, the use of generative AI, or other societal or political developments resulting in periods of increased political tensions and military conflicts, could result in a greater likelihood of cybersecurity incidents that could either directly or indirectly impact our operations. In addition, employee or consultant error, malfeasance, or other errors in the storage, use, or transmission of customer data could result in a breach. Even if a breach is detected, the full extent of the breach may not be determined immediately, or at all. While we maintain insurance coverage to mitigate the potential financial impact of these risks, our insurance may not cover all such events or may be insufficient to compensate us for potentially significant losses, including the potential damage to the future growth of our business, that may result from any such breach. In addition, our business utilizes information technology systems of our partners and vendors, who are also subject to similar cybersecurity risks that could adversely impact the security of our systems and business. Although we take steps to secure customer information that is provided to or accessible by our partners and vendors, such measures may not always be effective, and we may have limited or no control over how cybersecurity attacks on our partners or vendors are addressed. An actual or perceived breach of our network security and systems or other cybersecurity-related events that cause the loss, theft or unauthorized disclosure of our customers' information, including any delay in determining the full extent of a potential breach, could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition, including harm to our reputation and brand, reduced demand for our solutions, time-consuming and expensive litigation, fines, penalties, and other damages.

***If we are unable to attract and retain customers on a cost-effective basis, our revenue and operating results would be adversely affected.***

We generate substantially all of our revenue from the sale of our cloud services either on a consumption or subscription model. To grow, we must continue to attract customers on a cost-effective basis. Any price increases could make it more difficult to attract new customers and retain existing customers or cause existing customers to reduce the amount of data that they store with us, thus negatively impacting our revenue and business. We have historically used, and plan to increase our use of, a variety of advertising and marketing programs to promote our cloud services. Our sales and marketing investments intended to accelerate the scaling of our business, including any expansion of existing programs and new programs to promote our cloud services, may not be successful or provide a reasonable return on investment within a desired timeframe. Significant increases in the pricing of one or more of our advertising channels would increase our advertising and marketing costs or cause us to choose less expensive and perhaps less effective channels. We may also need to expand into channels with significantly higher costs, which could adversely affect our operating results. We may also incur increased sales and marketing expenses and engineering and operating expenses, including infrastructure expenditures, significantly in advance of the time we anticipate recognizing any revenue generated by such expenses, and we may only at a later date, or never, experience an increase in revenue or other benefits as a result of such expenditures. For example, in April 2025 we announced B2 Overdrive, a premium priced high-performance cloud storage solution,

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which is intended to meet the demands of data-intensive workloads such as AI and ML training, high-performance computing, large-scale analytics, and media processing. While this expansion opens new market opportunities, it also introduces risks associated with entering a competitive and rapidly evolving sector, including the need for substantial investment in infrastructure, often in advance of corresponding revenue generation, and potential challenges in meeting specialized customer requirements. If we are unable to achieve effective advertising and marketing programs or successfully expand our solution offerings and operations, our ability to attract new customers could be adversely affected, our advertising and marketing expenses could increase substantially, and our operating results may suffer.

A portion of our potential customers locate our website through search engines and social media platforms. Our ability to maintain the number of visitors directed to our website is not entirely within our control. If search engine companies modify their search algorithms in a manner that reduces the prominence of our listing, or if our competitors' search engine optimization efforts are more successful than ours, or if AI technologies replace traffic from search engines, fewer potential customers may click through to our website. In addition, the cost of purchased listings has increased in the past and may increase in the future. A decrease in website traffic or an increase in promoted search result costs could adversely affect our customer acquisition efforts and our operating results. In addition, we also rely on our blog and word of mouth to drive additional customers. To the extent our blog does not continue to attract readers or if our reputation is harmed, these additional means of attracting customers may no longer provide significant numbers of customers in the future.

In addition, because we offer our Computer Backup cloud service at a fixed price, the amount of data our customers back up affects our costs and gross margins. Subject to certain limitations, we also offer free egress for our B2 Cloud Storage customers. To the extent current or future customers back up unusually large amounts of data, use an excessive amount of egress or growth in the amount of data backed up per customer outpaces decreases in storage costs, our costs and gross margins and infrastructure could be adversely affected.

***If we are unable to provide successful enhancements, new features, and modifications to our cloud services, our business could be adversely affected.***

Our industry is marked by rapid technological developments and new and enhanced applications and cloud services. If we are unable to provide enhancements and new features for our existing services or develop new services that achieve market acceptance, our business could be adversely affected. We have recently launched various new solutions, product features and other changes, including B2 Overdrive. We cannot be certain whether such features and other changes will achieve a desired level of market adoption and return on investment. We have also launched product features that utilize AI, and may offer additional AI related solutions in the future. Embedding AI in our solutions exposes us to additional risks for potential inaccuracies or bias in AI outputs as well as data privacy, intellectual property, or other regulatory and compliance requirements. In addition, because our cloud services are designed to operate on a variety of systems, we will need to continuously modify and enhance our cloud services to keep pace with changes in internet-related hardware, operating systems, and other software, communication, browser, and database technologies, including the systems of our partners, vendors, and competitors. We also have limited internal resources and thus need to selectively prioritize features and other development and infrastructure projects, and de-prioritize certain other projects. Although we seek to prioritize the projects that we believe are the most important and de-prioritize projects of lesser importance based on the information available to us at any given time, there is no guarantee that our prioritization efforts will achieve the desired market adoption or infrastructure improvements and we may not be successful in either developing these modifications and enhancements or in bringing them to market in a timely fashion. In addition, any failure of our cloud services to operate effectively and on a timely basis with network platforms and technologies could reduce the demand for our cloud services, result in customer dissatisfaction and adversely affect our business. Furthermore, any enhancements, new features or offerings generally require upfront investments before any potential return on investment, and may increase our research and development expenses and infrastructure costs, which could adversely impact our pricing advantage, undermine our ease of use, make it more difficult to attract and retain customers, and harm our results of operations.

***Material defects or errors in our software or hardware failures could negatively impact our business, harm our reputation, result in significant costs to us, and negatively impact our ability to sell our cloud services.***

The software underlying our cloud services is inherently complex and may contain material defects or errors, particularly when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. We have from time to time found defects or errors in our cloud services, and new defects or errors in our existing solutions may be detected in the future by us, our customers or partners, or other third parties. The costs incurred in correcting such defects or errors may be substantial and could negatively impact our business. For example, to the extent that the encryption keys for encrypted customer data stored by us were to be deleted or corrupted, the data could become unrecoverable. In addition, we rely on hardware

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purchased or leased and software licensed from third parties to offer our cloud services. Hardware is susceptible to failures and may require ongoing maintenance and periodic replacement throughout its useful life. Any defects in, or unavailability of, our software or hardware failures that cause interruptions to the availability of our cloud services or that otherwise impact our business could, among other things:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• require us to issue refunds or credits to our customers or expose us to claims for damages,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• cause us to lose existing customers and make it more difficult to attract new customers,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• divert our development resources or require us to make extensive changes to our cloud services or software,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• harm our reputation and brand, and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• negatively impact our results of operations.

***If we fail to effectively manage our workforce and operational needs, our business would be harmed.***

Our business requires that we continuously evaluate and align our workforce, operational capacity, and organizational structure with evolving strategic priorities and market conditions. In 2024 and 2025, we initiated measures to reduce headcount, implemented a hiring freeze, and took other actions to pursue greater cost efficiency and align strategic initiatives. While we believe these actions were necessary to position the company for long-term success, they involve inherent risks, including the loss of institutional knowledge, reduced capacity to execute on strategic initiatives, challenges retaining key employees during periods of organizational uncertainty, and potential adverse effects on employee morale, productivity, and company culture.

Our headcount needs fluctuate, and we may continue to seek to adjust our workforce from time to time in response to changing business needs, market conditions, and other factors. It may be difficult to manage these workforce transitions effectively or on a timely basis. If our workforce reductions or hiring constraints are too aggressive, we may lack the personnel necessary to support customer commitments, deliver on our product roadmap, or capitalize on emerging opportunities, including those related to AI and neocloud. If they are insufficient, we may not achieve the cost efficiencies required to sustain the business through periods of slower growth.

At the same time, the amount of data stored with us and the storage infrastructure deployed by us has continued to increase, and customer demands on our platform, including the complexity of workloads we support, continue to grow. Managing this operational growth with a constrained workforce places additional strain on our management, administrative, operational, security, and financial infrastructure.

If and when we resume headcount expansion, we will need to effectively recruit, onboard, and integrate new employees while maintaining the operational discipline and cost structure we have worked to establish. Our success will depend in part on our ability to manage these workforce dynamics effectively, which will require that we continue to improve our administrative, operational, financial, and management systems and controls. If we fail to appropriately align our workforce and operational capacity with the needs of our business, the quality of our services may suffer, which could negatively affect our brand and reputation and harm our ability to retain and attract customers and employees.

***Our business could be materially harmed to the extent that we do not effectively manage our data center capacity and the costs associated with our data center spaces.***

We must continue to effectively manage our infrastructure, including capital expenditures to maintain and expand our data center capacity, servers and equipment, and locations. The costs of building out and maintaining our data center spaces, including the purchase and leasing of equipment, constitute a significant portion of our capital and operating expenses. To manage our data center capacity and the associated capital expenditures, we continuously evaluate our short and long-term data center capacity requirements. However, because our customer retention and the amount of data that they store with us may increase, decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, potentially with little or no advance notice, it is difficult to accurately predict our capacity needs over time. If we underestimate the data center capacity needed to address increases in volume usage, or there is not enough capacity at the data centers at commercially acceptable rates, or at all, we may be unable to increase our data center capacity in an expedient and cost-effective manner, which could result in materially adverse effects on our business and our results of operations. For example, if we are not able to obtain sufficient

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data center capacity on a timely basis, the ability for customers to upload or download data could be negatively impacted. As a result, we might be unable to attract new customers or retain existing customers and could cause existing customers to reduce the amount of data that they store with us. In such a scenario, we may also be required to enter into leases or other agreements for data center spaces, servers and other equipment that are more expensive than they otherwise would be as a result of the increased demand and competition in the market for data center capacity.

The competition for data center space, infrastructure and equipment has intensified significantly, particularly due to increased demand from AI and other compute-intensive workloads. As a result, available capacity in key markets is limited, and data center and other vendors have implemented, and may in the future implement, more stringent qualification and other requirements. These heightened requirements may favor larger, better-capitalized companies and could make it more difficult or costly for us to secure additional data center space or renew existing agreements on favorable terms. Adding data center capacity, whether at existing locations or new locations, requires significant lead time, capital investment, and coordination with third-party providers. As a result, our ability to scale infrastructure in line with the storage demands of our customers may be constrained, particularly during periods of accelerated data growth or supply chain disruption. In addition, many of our data center spaces are subject to multi-year leases. If our capacity needs are reduced, or if we decide to close a data center space, we may nonetheless be committed to perform our obligations under the applicable leases including, among other things, paying the base rent for the balance of the lease term and continuing to pay for any servers or other equipment. If we overestimate our data center capacity requirements, and therefore secure excess data center capacity and servers or other equipment, then our capital expenditures could be materially increased, and our operating margins could be materially reduced. To the extent we pursue any expansion of our data center footprint, our infrastructure and maintenance costs will increase. In addition, we will generally incur expenses in advance of receiving any increase in customers, revenue or other benefits. Any expansion outside of the United States will also increase the costs of compliance with local laws and regulations. As a result, we may not be able to recover the cost of those investments, which could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations. We may also be subject to risks and unanticipated increases in energy costs as a result of: regulations intended to regulate carbon emissions and other pollutants, laws requiring enhanced energy efficiency measures, surcharges related to recovering the cost of extreme weather events and natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts, military conflicts, grid modernization charges, as well as other charges. If we are unable to obtain sufficient data center capacity, or if we are forced to accept less favorable terms, our ability to scale, maintain service levels, or otherwise grow our business could be adversely affected.

***Our business depends on our ability to retain and increase revenue from customers, and if we are unable to do so, our revenue and operating results would be adversely affected.***

It is important for our business that our customers continue to use, and even increase their use of, our cloud services. Many of our customers can terminate their use of our cloud services at will with little-to-no advance notice. Even though some of our customers enter into longer-term multi-year agreements, they generally have no obligation to renew their subscriptions or increase usage. Due to our varied customer base and lack of long-term customer and usage commitments, it can be difficult to accurately predict our customer retention rate on a quarterly basis or long-term basis. Our customer retention and the amount of data that they store with us may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including potential customer dissatisfaction with our cloud services and offerings; pricing plans; our customers' own business conditions; customer decisions to delete unneeded or redundant data; the perception, whether or not accurate, that competitive products provide better options; changes in our brand or reputation; and overall general economic conditions. The consumer portion of the market for our Computer Backup has also been experiencing downward pressure as the market for standalone consumer backup solutions has matured. Future price increases for Computer Backup and B2 Cloud Storage could make it more difficult to attract new customers and retain existing customers or cause existing customers to reduce the amount of data that they store with us or subscriptions they purchase from us. Our future financial performance also depends in part on our ability to continue to increase revenue from our customers through new features and additional paid products, such as B2 Overdrive, Enterprise Control and multi-region selection. Our customers' decision whether to opt for additional paid products is driven by a number of factors. If our customers do not perceive the value in such additional paid offerings, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of our investments in such additional features, and our financial results could be harmed. If we cannot successfully retain our existing customers and add new customers consistent with historical rates, including maintaining or growing the amount of data that our customers store with us, our revenue and ability to grow may be adversely affected.

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***To the extent we target different types of customers, we may face increased demands and challenges that adversely impact our business and operations.***

Historically, most of our customers consisted of small-to-medium sized businesses and individuals. Our growth strategy is in part dependent upon attracting and retaining customers that are larger businesses and organizations. To the extent we target other types of customers or customers with different or specific needs, we may face greater demand for certain service enhancements or features that we do not currently offer, or additional performance, availability, durability, and security requirements. We may also face greater peak demands on our infrastructure from customers using our platform that could temporarily impact the quality of our services, strain our resources, increase our operating costs or require additional capital expenditures. For example, we have experienced an increasing number of AI technology companies using our platform and have increased our focus on AI customer opportunities. The market for AI is evolving rapidly and subject to significant changes and demands. Our focus on AI customers subjects us to significant risks including rapid technological obsolescence, intense competition from established companies as well as new market entrants, and high volatility. The AI market is characterized by rapid innovation cycles that could render our solutions obsolete, and may involve significant investments and dedication of resources in engineering, technical operations, sales and marketing. In addition, the nature of AI workloads often requires higher performance, lower latency, and increased utilization of storage infrastructure compared to traditional customers. Certain data heavy use cases, including various AI use cases, place greater demands on our storage systems, including higher throughput, increased hard drive processing, and more intensive data access patterns. These requirements could increase our infrastructure costs, accelerate hardware wear, and require additional investment in technology and capacity. If we are unable to meet the evolving needs of these types of customers or manage the associated operational challenges, our business, infrastructure, and financial results could be adversely affected. As a result, our business may also fluctuate more significantly as our customers experience volatility and fluctuating demands as the AI market and the business needs of our customers evolve.

We may also face increased competition from some of our competitors that typically target larger businesses and organizations and that may have pre-existing relationships or purchase commitments, that may have more experienced sales personnel or greater budgetary resources available to target larger customers, or that may be able to bundle other services with an offering that is competitive with ours. Certain types of customers may also have longer sales cycles, less predictability or higher volatility in the amount of data they store with us, increased pricing or negotiation leverage, and increased customer education, prolonged contract negotiations and overall customer engagement needs. In addition, some customers may demand more customization, integration, and support services. Any of these factors could require us to devote greater sales, engineering, marketing, operations, and support services as well as make significant infrastructure changes, which could increase our costs, divert key resources from other current and prospective customers, and otherwise adversely affect our business and operating results. These increased demands and challenges may also be for the benefit of a limited number of customers. In addition, the loss of any larger customers will have a greater impact on our financial results than the loss of smaller customers, which could cause our financial results to fluctuate more significantly from period to period. Moreover, we cannot assure you that our efforts to attract and retain customers will be successful or justify the additional investments in a timely manner, or at all.

***The material stored using our cloud services may subject us to negative publicity, legal liability, and harm our business.***

We are not aware of the contents of the data that customers store using our cloud services. While we do have a detailed process to address any third-party complaint regarding illegal or other inappropriate use of our cloud services by a customer that would violate our terms of service, for security and privacy reasons we do not actively monitor the content of data that is being stored with us. To the extent that sensitive, personally identifiable, illegal, or controversial data is stored in our servers and that becomes known publicly, particularly given the highly volatile nature of the political landscape throughout the world and immediate access by individuals to social media platforms with a broad outreach, it may create negative publicity and adversely impact our reputation and harm our business.

***Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.***

Our quarterly results of operations have fluctuated in the past and may vary significantly in the future. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Our quarterly results of operations fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, and as a result may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. Fluctuation in quarterly results may negatively impact the trading price of our Class A common stock. Factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations include, without limitation:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to attract new customers;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the amount of customer churn;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• fluctuations in the amount of data customers store with us;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the amount and timing of operating expenses and equipment purchases related to the maintenance and expansion of our business;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• interruptions or loss of service of our offerings;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the timing and success of new product features and service introductions by us or our competitors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our ability to retain and increase revenue from customers;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• changes in deferred revenue balances;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• changes in or timing of cash flows;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• changes in the competitive dynamics of our industry, including consolidation among competitors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• security breaches of our systems;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• our involvement in litigation, or the threat thereof;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the length of the sales cycle;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the amount and timing of sales commissions, particularly with respect to pipeline, that may precede or exceed the actual corresponding revenue we receive;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• outbreaks of war or other hostilities, such as the Russia-Ukraine, the joint U.S-Israeli strikes on Iran in February 2026 and other conflicts in the Middle East;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• inflation in the United States and other regions;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the impact of pandemics on our business or that of our customers and partners;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the timing of expenses and receipt of perceived benefits related to any acquisitions;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• changes in laws and regulations that impact our business; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• general economic and market conditions.

Further, as we continue to grow and scale our business to meet the needs of our customers, we may overestimate or underestimate our infrastructure capacity requirements, which could adversely affect our results of operations. The costs associated with leasing and maintaining our custom-built infrastructure in data center spaces and third-party data center spaces already constitute a significant portion of our capital and operating expenses. We continuously evaluate our short and long-term infrastructure capacity requirements and seek to ensure adequate capacity for new and existing users while minimizing unnecessary excess capacity costs. However, we may not be able to sufficiently predict future demand, or the availability of hardware or infrastructure necessary to support increased demand on a timely basis. If we overestimate the demand for our platform and therefore secure excess infrastructure capacity or equipment, our gross margins could be reduced. If we underestimate our infrastructure capacity requirements or availability of necessary hardware or infrastructure, we may not be able to service the needs of new and existing customers; durability, reliability, and performance could suffer; our costs could rise; and our business could be harmed.

***We rely on the performance of key personnel, including our management and other key employees, and the loss of one or more of such personnel, or of a significant number of our team members, could harm our business.***

We believe our success has depended, and continues to depend, on the efforts and talents of senior management and other key personnel. Substantially all of our employees, including our senior management, are employed on an at-will basis. We

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cannot ensure that we will be able to retain the services of any member of our senior management or other key employees, particularly given that some of these employees may hold equity of the Company that is largely vested, or that we would be able to timely replace members of our senior management or other key employees should any of them depart. Various personnel actions, including the restructurings and reductions in force we previously announced in November 2025 and November 2024, can also create disruption and result in additional turnover. Changes in key personnel may result in a loss of institutional knowledge, delay near term decision making, and create uncertainty for employees, customers and partners. The loss of experienced personnel, or delays in hiring and onboarding qualified successors, could adversely affect our go to market success, product development, engineering execution, and overall business performance.

***The failure to attract and retain additional qualified personnel could prevent us from executing our business strategy.***

To execute our business strategy, we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Competition for executive officers, software developers, sales personnel, operational personnel, and other key employees in our industry is intense. In particular, we compete with many other companies for software developers with high levels of experience in designing, developing, and managing cloud-based software, as well as for skilled sales and operations professionals. In addition, we believe that the success of our business and corporate culture depends on employing a diverse workforce, and the competition for such personnel is significant. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we do and can frequently offer such personnel substantially greater compensation than we can offer. In addition, in 2024, we implemented a new commission structure for our sales team and expect to adjust our commission structure at least annually. If our sales commission program does not effectively incentivize our sales team at appropriate compensation levels, we may not be successful in retaining or hiring qualified sales personnel, obtaining new customers, increasing sales to our existing customer base, or effectively managing compensation levels. We also rely from time to time on hiring employees from foreign countries, which may require immigration requirements and pose additional risks related to increased operations in foreign countries detailed elsewhere in these risk factors. In particular, the immigration process can be subject to frequent changes and limitations, and we may experience difficulty in obtaining visas permitting entry for some of our employees that are foreign nationals into the United States, and delays in obtaining visas permitting entry into other countries, which could negatively impact our ability to fully leverage our personnel. For example, the United States government recently announced significant fee changes to the H-1B process. In addition, we may be unsuccessful at retaining our key employees, and it may take significant time for new employees to achieve full productivity, either of which would adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. If we fail to attract new personnel, including accomplished executive talent, or if we fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business would be harmed. In addition, if we are unable to hire new employees on a timely basis or reach productive levels in a short time frame, new growth initiatives and other projects may be delayed or otherwise disrupted, which could cause us to miss our performance goals and negatively impact our business.

***Our corporate culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, creativity, and teamwork fostered by our culture, and our business may be harmed.***

We have a culture that encourages employees to be open, collaborate, strive to do the right thing, and develop and launch new and innovative solutions, which we believe is essential to attracting customers and partners and serving the best, long-term interests of our company. As our business grows and becomes more complex, it may become more difficult to maintain culture aligned across the company. Any failure to preserve our culture and core values could negatively affect our ability to retain and recruit personnel, which is critical to our growth, and to effectively focus on and pursue our strategies. If we fail to maintain our company culture, our business and competitive position may be harmed.

***Our operations and those of our customers, vendors and suppliers outside the United States, are subject to increased business, regulatory and economic risks that could impact our results of operations.***

In 2025, we derived approximately 28% of our revenue from customers outside of the United States and have customers in over 175 countries worldwide. In addition to a previously existing data center region based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, we also opened a new data center region in Toronto, Canada and established a wholly owned subsidiary in Canada in January 2025. We expect to continue to expand our international operations, which may include the establishment of foreign subsidiaries, the opening and expansion of data center spaces, hiring employees, building out technical infrastructure, and opening offices in foreign jurisdictions. Any new markets or countries into which we attempt to market and sell our cloud services may not be receptive. For example, we may be unable to expand further in some markets if we are unable to satisfy various government- and region-specific requirements, and the increased costs of compliance with local laws and regulations or standards in other countries may further increase the costs and result in delays, and, as a result, we may not be able to recover the cost of these investments, which could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, our ability to manage our business and conduct our operations internationally

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requires considerable management attention and resources and is subject to the particular challenges and complexities of deploying infrastructure internationally and supporting a rapidly growing business in an environment of multiple languages, cultures, customs, legal and regulatory systems, alternative dispute systems, and commercial markets. International expansion has required, and will continue to require, investment of significant upfront and on-going investments and other resources. Growth in our international operations will subject us to new risks and may increase risks that we currently face, including risks associated with:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• higher costs of doing business internationally, including increased energy, infrastructure, accounting, travel, and legal compliance costs;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• providing our platform, building out the necessary infrastructure and operating our business across a significant distance, in different languages and among different cultures, including the potential need to modify our platform and features to ensure that they are culturally appropriate and relevant in different countries;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• recouping any upfront investments for new or expanded operations and locations and achieving a reasonable return on a timely basis with respect to any such investments;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• compliance with applicable international laws and regulations, including laws and regulations with respect to privacy, data protection, consumer protection, data sovereignty, and unsolicited email, and the risk of penalties to our users and individual members of management or employees if our practices are deemed to be out of compliance, and additional laws and regulations in the United States that are applicable to international operations;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• compliance with immigration laws, both in the United States and the applicable foreign country, which laws and practices are subject to changes and delays;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• recruiting and retaining talented and capable employees outside the United States, and maintaining our company culture across all of our offices;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• management of an employee base in jurisdictions that may not give us the same employment and retention flexibility as does the United States;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• operating in jurisdictions that do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as does the United States;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• compliance by us and our business partners with anti-corruption laws, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, and similar laws; import and export control laws; tariffs and trade barriers; economic sanctions; and other regulatory limitations on our ability to provide our cloud services in international markets;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• foreign exchange controls that might require significant lead time in setting up operations in certain geographic territories;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• restrictions that might prevent us from repatriating cash earned outside the United States;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• increased tax complexity, including being subject to regular review and audit by both United States federal and state and foreign tax authorities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• taxing authorities of the United States or foreign jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for valuing intercompany arrangements;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• double taxation of our international earnings and potentially adverse tax consequences due to changes in the income and other tax laws of the United States or the international jurisdictions in which we operate; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• political and economic instability in various jurisdictions.

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Expanding our international operations and complying with applicable laws and regulations may substantially increase our cost of doing business in international jurisdictions. For example, in September 2025, the EU Data Act imposes new requirements on cloud service providers, including enhanced data portability, interoperability, customer switching rights and early termination rights, as well as restrictions on data transfer and access by non-EU authorities. Compliance with these obligations will require changes to customer contracts and internal processes, and could increase our operational costs. We may also be unable to keep current with changes in laws and regulations as they develop, and we or our employees, contractors, partners, and agents may fail to maintain compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Any violations could result in enforcement actions, fines, civil and criminal penalties, damages, injunctions, or reputational harm. We also have numerous international partners and suppliers that could result in a direct or indirect impact on our business based on the international risks described above. If we, or our partners and suppliers, are unable to comply with these laws and regulations or manage the complexity of our global operations successfully, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

***We use AI technologies internally to increase employee productivity and efficiency, but our business is also increasingly exposed to risks related to our customers, including neocloud partners and AI model builders, and their use of AI on our platform, any of which could harm our business.***

We also use AI, including generative AI tools, in our internal operations, such as for software development, content generation, and streamlining business workflows. While this has the potential to enhance efficiency, AI models can produce inaccurate, biased, or incomplete outputs that may affect critical internal decision-making. If we fail to effectively monitor and validate AI-generated outcomes, we could inadvertently introduce bugs or security vulnerabilities into our proprietary software, or disseminate flawed customer communications, which could harm our platform performance, reliability, or customer trust. Moreover, our reliance on third-party AI tools may involve the processing of sensitive company or customer data. Despite contractual obligations for data protection, we face risks related to inadvertent data leakage, the training of third-party models on our proprietary information, or noncompliance with evolving data privacy and security regulations. Our reliance on third-party AI services also exposes us to potential service disruptions, price increases, or changes in terms that could increase our operating costs or require us to find alternative solutions. Our use of generative AI in coding and content creation may also introduce intellectual property risks, including uncertainty around ownership of AI-generated materials and inadvertent incorporation of third-party proprietary content. The intellectual property rights surrounding AI-generated outputs have not been fully addressed by U.S. courts or federal law, and we could face claims that our use of AI tools infringes third-party rights or that we lack clear ownership of AI-assisted work product. As AI regulation develops globally, we may face increased compliance burdens and restrictions on how we deploy AI internally. We may also fail to achieve anticipated efficiency gains, fall behind competitors who more successfully adopt these technologies, or incur additional costs without realizing expected benefits. Our failure to manage these evolving risks related to both customer and internal use of AI could adversely impact our operations, business, and financial results.

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***We store personal information and other customer data, which subjects us to various data privacy laws, governmental regulations, and other related legal obligations, and any actual or perceived failure to comply with such requirements could harm our business.***

We store personal information and other customer data, as well as use certain cookies on our website, that are subject to numerous federal, state, local, and foreign laws regarding privacy and the storing and protection of personal information and other customer data, and disclosure requirements regarding the use and certain breaches of such laws. For example, we are subject to the General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), the California Consumer Privacy Act ("CCPA") and the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 ("CPRA"), among other laws and regulations around the world. Other comprehensive data privacy or data protection laws or regulations requiring local data residency and/or restricting the international transfer of data have been passed or are under consideration in other jurisdictions. In addition, some industries have industry-specific requirements relating to compliance with certain privacy, security and regulatory standards, such as those required by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("HIPAA"). Such laws give rise to an increasingly complex set of compliance obligations regarding our ability to gather, use, and store customer data and customer account data.

These privacy and data protection laws are subject to rapid change and differing interpretations, may require limited timeframes to implement changes, and can be inconsistent among regulatory frameworks or conflict with other rules or our business practices. We strive to comply with all applicable laws, policies, legal obligations, and industry codes of conduct relating to privacy and data protection to the extent possible. Our efforts to comply with the complex matrix of data privacy laws around the world subject us to increasing costs to review and comply with such laws, including updating our policies, procedures, and business practices to address such evolving privacy laws. We also make public statements and commitments regarding our use and disclosure of personal information through our privacy policy, information provided on our website, and data processing agreements with customers and other third parties. Because the interpretation and application of data protection laws, regulations, standards, and other obligations are often uncertain and in flux, and sometimes contradictory, it is possible that the scope and requirements of these laws and other obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices, and our efforts to comply with rapidly evolving data protection laws and obligations may be unsuccessful.

Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with applicable privacy and security laws, policies, or related contractual obligations, or any compromise of security that results in unauthorized access, or the use or transmission of personal information or other customer data, could result in a variety of claims against us, including governmental enforcement actions and investigations, audits, inquiries, whistleblower complaints, class action privacy litigation in certain jurisdictions, and proceedings by data protection authorities. For example, under the GDPR we may be subject to fines of up to €20 million or up to 4% of the total worldwide annual group turnover of the preceding financial year, as well as potentially facing claims from individuals. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal information. This private right of action may increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. The CPRA added new requirements and consumer privacy rights as well as the creation of the California Privacy Protection Agency as a dedicated agency to implement and enforce California state privacy laws, investigate violations and assess penalties. Any new or currently applicable privacy and security laws, policies, or related contractual obligations may be enacted, adopted, or modified, the result of which may impact our compliance efforts, especially when certain emerging privacy laws are still subject to a high degree of uncertainty as to their interpretation, application and impact. Any non-compliance with data privacy requirements could subject us to significant fines and penalties, adverse media coverage, reputational damage, the loss of current and potential customers, loss of export privileges, or criminal or other civil sanctions, any of which could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.

***Our business is substantially dependent on mid-market organizations, which may be more vulnerable to market fluctuations and other economic factors, and their vulnerability to such factors could negatively impact our business.***

If we are unable to successfully market and sell our cloud services to mid-market organizations, our ability to grow our revenue and achieve profitability will be harmed. We expect it will be more difficult and expensive to attract and retain mid-market organization customers than other customers because mid-market organizations are more frequently forced to curtail or cease operations due to the sale or failure of their business; can be more difficult to identify and may require more expensive, targeted sales campaigns; and generally have lesser amounts of data to store than larger organizations, thus requiring us to successfully sell to and support more mid-market organizations for meaningful revenue impact. In addition, mid-market organizations frequently have limited budgets and are more likely to be significantly affected by economic downturns than larger, more established companies. For example, high inflation and recession

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concerns in the United States could have a greater adverse impact on mid-market organizations. As a result, mid-market organizations may choose to spend funds on items other than our cloud services, particularly during difficult economic times. If we do not achieve continued success among mid-market organizations, our business, operating results, and future growth would be adversely affected.

***We are dependent on a small number of service offerings, and any reduced market adoption of these offerings would result in lower revenue and harm our business.***

As a specialized cloud vendor, we are dependent on a small number of offerings focused on cloud storage and computer backup, and a limited number of corresponding use cases. Our B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup offerings have accounted for substantially all of our total revenue to date and we anticipate that they will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. As a result, our revenue could be reduced as a result of any general or industry decline in demand for cloud-based storage solutions, particularly given that we would not have meaningful revenue from other market sectors to offset any temporary or longer-term downturn in demand for cloud-based storage solutions.

***Changes in global trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and other trade restrictions, may adversely affect our business.***

Global trade policies, including tariffs, have experienced, and may continue to experience, rapid and significant changes. While a significant portion of our purchases of material or equipment is purchased from entities located in the United States (or otherwise assembled in the United States), we source some products or components from foreign countries that may be subject to new tariffs. We also rely on various global suppliers, hardware vendors, and data center partners, many of whom procure equipment, components, or materials from regions affected by the changing trade policies. The imposition of tariffs or other trade measures, particularly involving technology-related goods, could increase our direct costs as well as the costs for our partners and vendors, which may be passed on to us through higher service fees, hardware pricing, increased logistical expenses, or result in delays and longer lead times. In addition, our customers may be adversely affected by the global trade changes, which, in turn, could lead to reduced demand for our solutions, delayed purchases, or lower customer or data retention rates. Any efforts to mitigate these risks by diversifying or expanding our supply chain may not achieve the intended benefits. The changes, including potential changes, to global trade policies have also led to uncertainty, and impacted broad segments of the financial markets, including the Russell 2000 Index, which tracks small-cap stocks such as Backblaze. The long-term implications of changing global trade policies remain uncertain and may have unforeseen consequences for our business and stock.

***Uncertainty in general economic conditions may adversely impact our revenue and profitability.***

Our operations and financial performance depend in part on worldwide economic conditions and the impact these conditions have on levels of spending on cloud storage solutions. Our business depends on the overall demand for these products and on the economic health and general willingness of our current and prospective customers to purchase our cloud services. Some of our paying customers may view use of cloud storage services as a discretionary purchase and may reduce their discretionary spending on our cloud services during an economic downturn. Weak economic conditions, whether due to the banking and financial crises, a return of pandemic conditions, inflation, uncertainty relating to the hostilities with Russia-Ukraine, the joint United States-Israeli strikes on Iran in February 2026 along with other conflicts in the Middle East, and the potential escalation of geopolitical tensions that could also directly or indirectly involve other countries, including the United States, could cause a reduction in spending on products and solutions storage. Any such conditions could reduce sales, lengthen sales cycles, increase customer churn, and lower demand for our cloud services, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We also have been, and may in the future be, subject to increased energy costs, particularly with respect to our data center operations in Europe and elsewhere, which could adversely affect our expenses and business. In addition, political uncertainty and changes to global trade dynamics, including the imposition of tariffs, trade restrictions or retaliatory actions, could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

***Our ability to maintain customer adoption and satisfaction depends in part on the ease of use of our cloud services, and any such failure could have an adverse effect on our business.***

Our success in retaining existing customers and obtaining new customers is dependent in part on the ease of use of our cloud services. If our platform and cloud services, including new service offerings and features as they become available, become more complicated and less easy-to-use, customers could experience increased difficulties or disruption with storing or accessing their data, and we may lose existing customers or experience increased challenges obtaining new customers or existing customers may not choose to use additional features of our cloud services. In addition, our customers sometimes

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depend on our technical support services to resolve issues relating to our platform. If we do not succeed in helping our customers quickly resolve issues or provide effective ongoing education related to our platform, our reputation and business may be harmed.

***Future acquisitions and investments could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and operating results.***

Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to grow our business in response to changing technologies, customer demands, and competitive pressures. In some circumstances, we may choose to do so through the acquisition of complementary businesses and technologies rather than through internal development. The identification of suitable acquisition candidates can be difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and we may be unable to successfully complete proposed acquisitions. The risks we face in connection with acquisitions include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• diversion of management time and focus from operating our business to addressing acquisition integration challenges;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• coordination of research and development, operational, and sales and marketing functions;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• retention of key employees from the acquired company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• cultural challenges associated with integrating employees from the acquired company into our organization;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• integration of the acquired company's accounting, management information, human resources, and other administrative systems;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the need to implement or improve controls, procedures, and policies at a business that prior to the acquisition may have lacked effective controls, procedures, and policies;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• liability for activities of the acquired company prior to our acquisition of them, including intellectual property infringement claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, tax liabilities, and other known and unknown liabilities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• unanticipated write-offs or charges; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• litigation or other claims in connection with the acquired company, including claims from terminated employees, customers, former stockholders, or other third parties.

Future acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses, incremental operating expenses, or the write-off of goodwill, any of which could harm our financial condition or operating results.

***Restrictive covenants under our credit facility may constrain our strategic and operational flexibility.***

On June 4, 2025, we entered into a senior secured revolving credit agreement with Citizens Bank, N.A. (the "Lender") providing borrowing capacity of up to $20 million, of which up to $3 million is available through a letter-of-credit (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). While we believe the credit facility generally strengthens our overall financial position, the credit agreement imposes various affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants requiring us to maintain specified minimum liquidity, minimum consolidated EBITDA, and maximum total leverage ratios, as well as limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens on our assets, make certain investments, and take other corporate actions, including mergers and acquisitions, without prior approval from the lender. As a result, our operating and financial flexibility may be materially restricted by these provisions. If we fail to comply with any covenant or other terms and conditions, the lender may accelerate amounts outstanding under the facility, require mandatory prepayment or repayment, terminate access to additional borrowings, or foreclose on any or all of the Company's assets secured or otherwise pledged as collateral under the credit agreement. These restrictions may limit our ability to respond effectively to changing market or economic conditions, pursue acquisitions, investments, or strategic transactions that we otherwise believe are value enhancing, return capital to stockholders via dividends, share repurchases or other distributions; or make capital expenditures or other internal reinvestments, including investing in product enhancements or scaling key infrastructure. Our ability to comply with these covenants, and to avoid defaults, may be adversely affected by changes in

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our liquidity position, profitability, working capital, or capital structure that arise due to factors outside of our control, including economic downturns, competitive pressures, or unexpected expense events. A default under the agreement could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

***We may require additional capital to support our operations or the growth of our business, and we cannot be certain that this capital will be available on reasonable terms when required, or at all.***

We may need additional financing to operate or grow our business. Our ability to obtain additional financing, if and when required, will depend on investor and lender demand, our operating performance, the condition of the capital markets, our financial performance, including compliance with any applicable covenants, and other factors. For example, we often use leases to finance the equipment we use to provide our cloud-based services, and we have a Revolving Credit Facility with the Lender. In addition, the stock market has recently experienced significant volatility, including with respect to technology stocks, due to high inflation, various economic headwinds and other factors. In the event of a failure of any financial institutions where we maintain deposits, we may lose timely access to our funds at such institutions and incur significant losses to the extent our funds exceed the $250,000 limit insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In addition, we use one or more commercial banks for our banking needs. While we and the banks we have used to date have not been directly affected by the failures of certain banks in 2023, the banking industry overall has experienced disruption, greater uncertainty, and tightened lending standards. This may result in reduced access to capital, increased costs of capital, and reduced opportunities to invest with investment grade securities, which could also lower investment yields and investment income. Any such impact could have a material adverse effect upon our liquidity and business. Our Revolving Credit Facility with the Lender is subject to, among other things, various financial and operating covenants that place limits on our ability to incur indebtedness with the Lender and other financial institutions, and create liens on our property and assets. We cannot guarantee that additional financing will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms when required, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-linked, or debt securities, those securities may have rights, preferences, or privileges senior to the rights of our Class A common stock, and our existing stockholders may experience dilution. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us on a timely basis, our ability to continue to support the operation or growth of our business could be significantly impaired and our operating results may be harmed.

***We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could negatively affect our results of operations.***

All of our sales contracts, and substantially all of our operations and related financial arrangements, are currently denominated in U.S. dollars and therefore, our revenue and business operations are not directly subject to significant foreign currency risk. We do, however, earn revenue, pay expenses, and incur liabilities in countries using currencies other than the U.S. dollar, which primarily includes the British pound, the Canadian dollar, and the Euro. A strengthening of the U.S. dollar could increase the real cost of our cloud services to our customers outside of the United States, which could reduce demand for our cloud services and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, as we expand our international operations, we may become more exposed to foreign currency risk and may have some of our sales and other operations denominated in one or more currencies other than the U.S. dollar. If we become more exposed to currency fluctuations and are unable to successfully hedge against the risks associated with currency fluctuations, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

***Certain of our market opportunity estimates, growth forecasts, and other metrics included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K could prove to be inaccurate, and any real or perceived inaccuracies may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.***

Certain estimates and information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including general expectations concerning our industry and the market in which we operate, market opportunity, and market size, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. Moreover, much of this information is based on information provided by third-party providers. Although we believe the information from such third-party sources is reliable, we have not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of the data contained in such third-party sources or the methodologies for collecting such data, and such information may also not prove to be accurate. If there are any limitations or errors with respect to such data or methodologies, our business opportunities may be limited, which could negatively affect our shares of common stock. Even if the markets in which we compete meet the size estimates and growth forecasted in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.

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***Any future litigation against us could be costly and time-consuming to defend.***

We may become subject to legal proceedings, investigations, and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. For example, we may be subject to claims brought by customers, vendors or other third parties in connection with various types of disputes, including relating to commercial or contract matters, violation of securities laws, intellectual property laws or other laws, or privacy or other data breaches, or employment claims made by our current or former employees. Litigation can often be expensive, even when there is a successful outcome, and can divert management's attention and resources, which could harm our business and financial condition. Any adverse outcome could also result in significant monetary damages or other types of unfavorable relief, which could harm our business as well as our reputation. Although we may have various insurance policies, insurance might not cover such claims or provide sufficient payments to cover all the costs to resolve one or more such claims, and might not continue to be available on terms acceptable to us, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements. In addition, we may also be subject to subpoena requests from third parties as well as governmental agencies from time to time that require us to provide certain information relating to matters targeted against other third parties, which can be time consuming.

**Risks Related to Reliance on Infrastructure and Third Parties**

***We rely on third-party vendors and suppliers, including data center and hard drive providers, which may have limited sources of supply, and this reliance exposes us to potential supply and service disruptions that could harm our business.***

We depend on a limited number of third-party data centers and other providers to safely house our equipment and provide sufficient power, bandwidth, and other infrastructure needs to support our operations and cloud services. To support our anticipated growth and as we develop and implement new product features we may require more computing infrastructure, which may include the establishment and expansion of data center spaces. The risks we face in connection with the establishment and expansion of data center spaces include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• we may not be able to expand or find new suitable third-party data center locations with sufficient power, or bandwidth, or such expansion options or new data center locations may not be available on commercially reasonable terms;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• we will be required to commit substantial operational and financial resources to establish new data center spaces, and we may not have sufficient customer demand in those markets to support the new data center spaces;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• unanticipated delays in the completion of such projects or availability of components may lead to increased project costs, operational inefficiencies, or interruptions in the delivery or degradation of quality of our service;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• issues that are not identified during the testing phases of design and implementation, which may only become evident after we have started to fully utilize the underlying equipment, could disrupt the delivery of our cloud services to customers or increase our costs; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• unanticipated technological changes could affect customer requirements for data center spaces, and we may not have built such requirements into our new data center spaces.

We also rely on key components for our platform, including hard drives and semiconductors, which come from limited sources of supply. Any decrease in hard drive availability could negatively impact our operations. Various events, including without limitation, periodic semiconductor industry shortages, a pandemic or fluctuating demands in AI, could impact our ability to source components in a timely and cost-effective manner from third-party suppliers. From time to time, we may also seek to mitigate the impact of potential supply chain disruptions by acquiring additional hard drives and related infrastructure, which can result in a higher balance of capital equipment and related lease liability, an increase in cash used in financing activities from principal payments, as well as a higher ongoing interest and depreciation expense related to any additional lease agreements. Current or future supply chain interruptions could be triggered or exacerbated by global political tensions, such as the imposition, or threat of potential imposition, of tariffs or other trade restrictions, hostilities or tensions such as the joint United States-Israeli strikes on Iran in February 2026 along with other conflicts in the Middle East, and conflicts between Russia-Ukraine, Israel-Hamas, and China-Taiwan, particularly if those tensions escalate into an armed conflict or directly or indirectly involve other countries, which may include the implementation of trade barriers, including boycotts or the use of economic sanctions and export control restrictions, any of which could negatively impact our ability to acquire hard drives and semiconductors. In addition, our business could be harmed in the event of any industry consolidations, acquisitions, other restructuring events or bankruptcies. For example, in September 2023, Toshiba Corp., one of our hard drive suppliers, announced the completion of a buy-out by various private equity

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firms and others. Also, in October 2023, Western Digital, another one of our hard drive suppliers, announced that it would spin-out its hard drive and other selected businesses into a separate company. One of our data center vendors also went through bankruptcy proceedings in 2022. Although none of these prior examples resulted in any material impact to our business, such industry consolidations, acquisitions or other restructuring events of third-party vendors or partners could result in disruptions to the company, and access to customer data may become unavailable or customer data could be lost, and it may take a significant period of time to achieve full resumption of our cloud services. Any shortage of key components, including hard drives, could materially and adversely affect our ability to provide our cloud services, as well as negatively impact our financial results by increasing our costs, lease liabilities, interest and depreciation expenses, and inventory levels. Shortages or pricing fluctuations could be material in the future. In the event of a shortage, supply interruption, material pricing change or other significant events involving one of our suppliers, we may be unable to develop alternate sources in a timely manner or at all. Developing alternate sources of supply for these infrastructure needs and transitioning our customers' data from one provider to another, may result in loss of availability of our services for a period of time, be time-consuming, costly, difficult, and increase the risk of damage and loss. We may also be unable to source them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may undermine our ability to operate or scale our platform and harm our business.

***Our business depends, in part, on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties.***

To maintain and grow our business, we anticipate that we will continue to depend on relationships with third parties, such as channel partners and integrators, which are becoming an increasingly important part of our business and our sales and marketing strategy. Identifying partners and negotiating and building relationships with them requires significant time and resources. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to third parties to favor their services over us. In addition, any industry consolidation of such partners or integrators by our competitors or others could result in a decrease in the number of our current and potential customers, as these partners or integrators may no longer facilitate the adoption of our applications by potential customers. Interoperability between our platform and other third-party platforms is also important to our business. Further, some of our partners or integrators are or may become competitive with certain aspects of our cloud services and may elect to no longer integrate with, or support, our platform and cloud services. If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with such third parties and maintaining interoperability, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to grow our revenue could be impaired, and our business may suffer. Even if we are successful, we cannot assure you that these relationships will result in increased customer usage of our cloud services or increased revenue.

***Our business is exposed to risks associated with online payment processing methods.***

Many of our customers pay for our cloud services and products using credit cards. We rely on internal systems as well as those of third parties, including Stripe, to process payments. Acceptance and processing of these payment methods are subject to certain rules and regulations and require payment of interchange and other fees. To the extent there are increases in payment processing fees, material changes in the payment ecosystem, such as large re-issuances of payment cards, delays in receiving payments from payment processors, changes to rules or regulations concerning payment processing, loss of payment partners, and/or disruptions or failures in our payment processing systems or payment products, including products we use to update payment information, our revenue, operating expenses, and results of operations could be adversely impacted. For example, the conflict between Russia-Ukraine, the recent attacks on Iran and escalating conflicts in the Middle East and tariffs imposed by the current United Sates administration have each created extreme volatility in the global capital markets and may have further adverse consequences for the global economy, including disruptions of the global supply chain and energy markets. In addition, various banking institutions and companies, including Stripe and credit card companies, began prohibiting any payments from persons located in Russia, which impacts our ability to receive payments from, and transact certain types of business operations with, our customers, and potential new customers, that are located in those regions. Although we do not have a significant number of customers located in those regions, such actions will have some impact on our business. It is also difficult to predict how long the conflict may last, how the conflict could escalate, and how the sanctions may evolve, which could cause a greater adverse impact on our business and operations than we expect.

***We rely on third-party systems for certain essential financial and operational services, and a failure or disruption in these services could materially and adversely affect our ability to manage our business effectively.***

We rely on third-party software to provide many essential financial, enterprise risk planning and operational services to support our business, including Stripe, HubSpot, NetSuite, FireHydrant, and Zendesk. For example, many of our customers pay for our cloud services and products using credit cards. We rely on internal systems as well as those of third parties,

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including Stripe, to process such payments. To the extent there are any issues with the payment processing, including increases in payment processing fees, delays in receiving payments from payment processors, or other disruptions or failures in our payment processing systems, our revenue, operating expenses, and results of operations could be adversely impacted. We depend upon such third party vendors to provide us with services that are always available and are free of errors or defects that could cause disruptions in our business processes. Any failure by these vendors to do so, or any disruption in our ability to access the internet, would materially and adversely affect our ability to manage our operations, disrupt the delivery of our cloud services to customers, and affect other areas of our business such as our ability to timely provide required financial reporting. In addition, we periodically implement new third party systems, features, and software releases. The implementation of new systems, features or releases may be complex and could introduce undetected errors, bugs, compatibility issues or other integration issues. These issues could lead to service outages, data loss, security vulnerabilities, or other disruptions that negatively impact our customers and business operations. If we fail to successfully manage risks associated with third-party dependencies, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

***We are an emerging growth company, which provides, among other things, reduced disclosure requirements, and any decision on our part to comply only with reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to such companies could make our common stock less attractive to investors.***

As of June 30, 2025, we continued to qualify as an "emerging growth company," as defined in the securities law. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we have taken, and may continue to take, advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These exemptions include, but are not limited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, reduced certain financial disclosure requirements and exemption from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. By taking advantage of some or all of the reduced disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, investors may find our common stock less attractive, which may result in a less active trading market for our common stock and greater stock price volatility.

We will remain an emerging growth company until December 31, 2026, which is the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering. As a result, our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2026 will no longer reflect any reduced disclosure requirements as an emerging growth company.

**Risks Related to Accounting and Tax Matters**

***The failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could harm our business and negatively impact the value of our common stock.***

We have previously identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, which we remediated. However, if we are not able to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or timely file our periodic reports. As a result, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, and the market price of our common stock may be materially impacted.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting until after we are no longer an "emerging growth company" as defined in the JOBS Act. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal controls over financial reporting is documented, designed, or operating. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal controls over financial reporting could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition and could cause a decline in the trading price of our Class A common stock.

***As a public company, we are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, and if we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired.***

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the "Dodd-Frank Act"), the listing requirements of

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the Nasdaq Global Market ("Nasdaq"), and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time consuming, or costly, and increase demand on our systems and resources, particularly after we are no longer an emerging growth company. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. It may require significant resources and management oversight to maintain and, if necessary, improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard. As a result, management's attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and operating results. To comply with these requirements, we may need to hire more employees in the future or engage outside consultants, which would increase our costs and expenses.

As a public company, we are required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ("Section 404"), to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. However, we are currently exempt from the requirement for an independent registered public accounting firm to attest to and report on management's assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 until our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2026. Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting, as well as a statement that our independent registered public accounting firm has issued an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404. Furthermore, if and when we are deemed to be a "large accelerated filer", we will also be required to file a more expansive proxy statement and be subject to shorter filing deadlines, which will require additional time and expense.

An independent assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls could detect problems that our management's assessment might not. Undetected material weaknesses in our internal controls could lead to financial statement restatements and require us to incur costs to remediate them. We will be required to disclose changes made in our internal control and procedures on a quarterly basis. To comply with the requirements of being a public company, we have undertaken and may need to continue to undertake various actions, such as implementing new internal controls and procedures, hiring risk professionals, accounting and internal audit staff, and engaging outside consultants, which will increase our operating expenses.

We are in the early stages of the costly and challenging process of compiling the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. We may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing, and any required remediation in a timely fashion. During the evaluation and testing process, if we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective.

If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control, including as a result of a material weakness, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline, and we may be subject to investigation or sanctions by the SEC. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on Nasdaq.

***Because we recognize revenue from our subscription services over the term of the subscription, downturns or upturns in new business may not be immediately reflected in our operating results.***

We generally recognize revenue from customers of our subscription agreements related to data backup services ratably over the terms of their subscription agreements, a majority of which are one or two-year agreements. Accordingly, the corresponding revenue we report in each quarter from such arrangements is the result of subscription agreements entered into during previous quarters. Consequently, a decline in new or renewed subscriptions in any one quarter may only be

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partially reflected in our revenue results for that quarter. However, any such decline will negatively affect our revenue in future quarters. Accordingly, the effect of significant downturns in sales and market acceptance of our cloud services, and potential changes in our retention rate may not be fully reflected in our operating results until future periods. This subscription model also makes it difficult for us to rapidly increase our revenue through additional subscription sales in any period as part of new growth initiatives or otherwise, as revenue from new customers must be recognized over the applicable subscription term.

***Our operating results may be harmed if we are required to collect sales or other related taxes for our cloud services in jurisdictions where we have not historically done so.***

We collect sales and value-added tax in connection with our cloud services in a number of jurisdictions. One or more states or countries may seek to impose incremental or new sales, use, or other tax collection obligations on us, including for past sales by us or our resellers and other partners. Online sellers can be required to collect sales and use tax despite not having a physical presence in the buyer's state. A successful assertion by a state, country, or other jurisdiction that we should have been or should be collecting additional sales, use, or other taxes on our cloud services could, among other things, result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales, create significant administrative burdens for us, discourage users from purchasing our platform, or otherwise harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

***Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.***

As of December 31, 2025, we had net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. federal income tax purposes of $172.5 million available to offset future U.S. federal taxable income. Also, as of December 31, 2025, we had net operating loss carryforwards for state income tax purposes of $109.7 million available to offset future state taxable income. If not utilized, the federal and state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2029. As of December 31, 2025, we also have federal research and development ("R&D") credit carryforwards of $13.1 million which will begin to expire in 2032 and California R&D credit carryforwards of $6.6 million which do not expire. The Company also has $0.1 million of California enterprise zone credits which will begin to expire in 2028.

Utilization of our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes, such as research and development tax credits, may be subject to annual limitations, or could be subject to other limitations on utilization or benefit due to the ownership change limitations provided by Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and other similar provisions. Under Sections 382 and 383 of the Code, if a corporation undergoes an "ownership change," our ability to use pre-change net operating loss carryforwards and other pre-change attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset post-change income may be limited. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. We have performed a Section 382 analysis through December 31, 2024. We may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of subsequent changes in our stock ownership, some of which may be outside our control. Accordingly, our ability to utilize the aforementioned carryforwards may be limited.

***Changes in tax laws and related matters could materially affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.***

The rules dealing with U.S. federal, state and local income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the U.S. Department of Treasury. Changes to U.S. policy implemented by the U.S. Congress, the current administration or any new administration have impacted and may in the future impact, among other things, the U.S. and global economy, international trade relations, unemployment, immigration, healthcare, taxation, the U.S. regulatory environment, inflation and other areas. In July 2025, the federal government enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "OBBB Act"), which permanently extended and modified several provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and introduced significant new tax rules applicable to corporations. Among other things, the OBBB Act is expected to increase our net operating losses and related valuation allowances. We will continue to evaluate the specific impacts of the OBBB Act and further guidance or regulation may be issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury that could impact our business. Although we cannot predict the full impact of these changes to our business, they could affect our business in a variety of ways, including some impacts that may benefit us and other impacts that may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

International tax laws also undergo frequent change. Changes to tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect us or holders of our common stock. In recent years, many such changes have been made, and changes are likely to continue to occur in the future. It cannot be predicted whether, when, in what form or with what effective dates tax laws, regulations and rulings may be enacted, promulgated or issued, which could result in an increase in

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our or our stockholders' tax liability or require changes in the manner in which we operate in order to minimize or mitigate any adverse effects of changes in tax law. Any significant increase in our future effective tax rate could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

***If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting estimates prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could be adversely affected.***

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates." The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates and assumptions involve those related to costs to be capitalized as internal-use software, which include determining whether projects will result in new or additional functionality. We also regularly review long-lived assets, including property and equipment, and intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. If parts of our business, including products or features, market conditions or business opportunities change in ways that negatively impact these assets, we may be required to record impairment charges. Any such charges could be material and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions.

**Risks Related to Intellectual Property**

***Assertions by a third-party that our cloud services infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate their intellectual property could subject us to costly and time-consuming litigation and adversely impact our business.***

There is frequent litigation in the software and technology industries based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation, or other violations of intellectual property rights. Some software and technology companies, including some of our competitors, as well as non-practicing entities, own patents, trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual property rights that they may use to assert claims against us. In our case, third parties have asserted, and may in the future assert, that we have infringed, misappropriated, or otherwise violated their patents or other intellectual property rights. For example, we have faced patent infringement claims from other non-practicing entities in the past. There may be intellectual property rights held by others, including issued or pending patents, that cover significant aspects of our technologies or solutions, and we cannot assure you that we are not infringing, misappropriating, or violating, and have not infringed, misappropriated, or violated, any third-party intellectual property rights or that we will not be held to have done so or be accused of doing so in the future. In addition, as we face increasing competition and become increasingly visible as a publicly-traded company, or if we become more successful, the possibility of new third-party claims may increase.

Any claim that we have violated intellectual property or other proprietary rights of third parties, with or without merit, could be time-consuming and costly to address and resolve, could divert the time and attention of management and technical personnel from our business, could place limitations on our ability to use our current websites and technologies, and could result in an inability to market or provide all or a portion of our cloud services. Furthermore, we could be required to pay substantial monetary damages, including treble damages and attorneys' fees if we are found to have willfully infringed a party's intellectual property rights. We may also be required to enter into a royalty or licensing agreement that could include significant upfront and future licensing fees or expend significant resources to redesign our technologies or solutions, which efforts may not be timely or prove successful at all and require us to indemnify customers or other third parties. Royalty or licensing agreements may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all. If we cannot develop or license technology for any allegedly infringing aspect of our business, we could be forced to limit our cloud services and may be unable to compete effectively. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business.

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***If we are unable to adequately establish, maintain, protect, and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights, our reputation may be harmed, we may be subject to litigation, and our business may be adversely affected.***

Our future success and competitive position depend in large part on our ability to establish, maintain, protect, and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights. We do not currently own any issued patents and rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions, to establish and protect our proprietary rights, all of which provide only limited protection and may not now or in the future provide us with a competitive advantage. While we currently have patent applications pending, we may be unable to obtain patent protection for the technology covered in our patent applications, the patent protection may not be obtained quickly enough to meet our business needs, any patents issued in the future may not provide us with competitive advantages or they may be successfully challenged by third parties. Additionally, the steps we have taken and will take may not prevent unauthorized use, reverse engineering, or misappropriation of our technologies and we may be unable to detect any of the foregoing. Furthermore, effective trademark, copyright, and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our cloud services are available. Our lack of patent protection may restrict our ability to protect our technologies and processes from competition. Defending and enforcing our intellectual property rights may result in litigation, which can be costly and divert management attention and resources. If our efforts to protect our technologies and intellectual property are inadequate, the value of our brand and other intangible assets may be diminished and competitors may be able to mimic our cloud services. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business.

With respect to our technology platform, we consider trade secrets and know-how to be one of our primary sources of intellectual property. However, trade secrets and know-how can be difficult to protect. The use of generative AI tools could also expose us to inadvertently disclosing trade secrets or other confidential information or inadvertently cause us to violate third party intellectual property rights. We seek to protect these trade secrets and other proprietary technology, in part, by internal controls and policies as well as entering into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to them, such as our employees, outside contractors, consultants, advisors, and other third parties. We also enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and consultants. The confidentiality agreements are designed to protect our proprietary information and, in the case of agreements or clauses containing invention assignment, to grant us ownership of technologies that are developed through a relationship with employees or third parties. We cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that may have or has had access to our trade secrets or proprietary information, including our technology and processes. Despite these efforts, no assurance can be given that the confidentiality agreements we enter into or our other internal controls and policies will be effective in controlling access to such proprietary information and trade secrets. The confidentiality agreements on which we rely to protect certain technologies may be breached, and these and other actions that we take may not be adequate to protect our confidential information, trade secrets, and proprietary technologies and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, trade secrets or proprietary technology. Further, these actions do not prevent our competitors or others from independently developing the same or similar technologies and processes, which may allow them to provide a service similar or superior to ours, which could harm our competitive position.

***Our use of "open-source" software could negatively affect our ability to sell our cloud services and subject us to possible litigation.***

A portion of the technologies used by us incorporates "open-source" software, and we may incorporate open-source software in the future. Such open-source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open-source licenses. Companies that incorporate open-source software into their solutions have, from time to time, faced claims challenging the use of open-source software and compliance with open-source license terms. These licenses may subject us to certain unfavorable conditions, including requirements that we offer all or parts of our technology or services that incorporate the open-source software at no cost, that we make publicly available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating, or using the open-source software, and/or that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open-source licensor other license granting third parties certain rights of further use. Although we monitor our use of open-source software, we cannot assure you that all open-source software is reviewed prior to use in our cloud services, that our developers have not incorporated open-source software into our technology platform or services, or that they will not do so in the future. In the event that we become subject to such claims, we could be subject to significant damages, enjoined from the sale of our solutions that contained the open-source software, and required to comply with onerous conditions. In addition, the terms of open-source software licenses may require us to provide software that we develop using such open-source software to others on unfavorable license terms. As a result of our current or future use of open-source software, we may face claims or litigation, be required to release our proprietary source code, pay damages for breach of contract, re-engineer our solutions, discontinue making

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our solutions available in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis or take other remedial action. Any such re-engineering or other remediation efforts could require significant additional research and development resources, and we may not be able to successfully complete any such re-engineering or other remediation efforts on a timely basis, or at all. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage, and, if not addressed, could disrupt the distribution and sale of our solutions and have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

**Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock**

***Anti-takeover provisions contained in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.***

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws, and Delaware law contain provisions which could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors. Among other things, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws include provisions:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• creating a classified Board of Directors whose members serve staggered three-year terms;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• authorizing "blank check" preferred stock, which could be issued by our Board of Directors without stockholder approval and may contain voting, liquidation, dividend, and other rights superior to our common stock;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• limiting the ability of our stockholders to call and bring business before special meetings;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of Board of Directors and stockholder meetings.

These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management.

As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation law, which prevents certain stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding capital stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding common stock not held by such stockholder. Any provision of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws, or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying, preventing, or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our capital stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

***The market price of our common stock has been, and will likely continue to be, volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.***

Prior to the listing of our common stock, there was no public market for shares of our common stock. Since our initial public offering, the stock price of our common stock has experienced very high volatility and the market prices of securities of other newly public companies have historically been highly volatile. The market price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, including those listed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, some of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance.

Fluctuations in the price of our common stock could cause you to lose all or part of your investment because you may be unable to sell your shares at or above the price you paid. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our common stock include the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• volatility in the market prices and trading volumes of technology stocks;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology companies generally or those in our industry in particular;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• sales of shares of our common stock by us or our stockholders;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• failure of securities analysts to maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by securities analysts who follow us, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in those projections or our failure to meet those projections;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• announcements by us or our competitors of new products or services;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the public's reaction to our press releases, other public announcements, and filings with the SEC;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• actual or anticipated changes in our operating results or fluctuations in our operating results;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• actual or anticipated developments in our business, our competitors' businesses, or the competitive landscape generally;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• litigation involving us, our industry, or both, or investigations by regulators into our operations or those of our competitors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or other proprietary rights;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• announced or completed acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations, or principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• outbreaks of war or other hostilities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• any significant change in our management;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a return of pandemic conditions; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our markets.

***Our stock and business may be adversely affected by the actions of third parties attempting to manipulate our share price.***

We believe our stock and business has been, and may in the future be, subject to short sellers or other third parties who manipulate our share price through false or misleading reports to spark fear and drive down our share price for their personal financial gain at the expense of other stockholders. This technique is also referred to as "short and distort." These activities are often accompanied by announcements from various fee-chasing law firms trolling for potential plaintiffs and threatening litigation, often without conducting a thorough investigation. Even when there is no merit to the underlying allegations, these campaigns, which may involve social media, anonymous sources, or coordinated trading activity, can materially impact investor sentiment, depress our stock price, harm our reputation and business, and divert management's attention.

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***We may fail to meet our publicly announced guidance or other expectations about our business, which could cause our stock price to decline.***

We may provide from time to time guidance regarding our expected financial and business performance, which may include projections regarding sales and production, as well as anticipated future revenues, gross margins, profitability, and cash flows. Correctly identifying key factors affecting business conditions and predicting future events is inherently an uncertain process, and our guidance may not ultimately be accurate and has in the past been inaccurate in certain respects, such as the timing of new products. Our guidance is based on certain assumptions such as those relating to anticipated production and sales, average sales prices, supplier and commodity costs, and planned cost reductions. If our guidance is not accurate or varies from actual results due to our inability to meet our assumptions or the impact on our financial performance that could occur as a result of various risks and uncertainties, the market value of our common stock could decline significantly.

***Sales of a substantial number of our common stock in the public market could cause our share price to fall.***

The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the market, and the perception that these sales could occur may also depress the market price of our common stock. In addition, our daily trading volume may be limited and significantly less than the amount of shares available for sale. In the event that the number of our common stock shares offered for sale on any given day exceeds the existing demand for our shares, it may cause our stock price to fall.

We may also issue additional shares of our common stock, convertible securities or other equity, including pursuant to our equity compensation plans. Such issuances could be dilutive to investors and could cause the price of shares of our common stock to decline. New investors in such issuances could also receive rights senior to those of holders of shares of our common stock.

The above factors may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. Any such sales also could cause the market price of our common stock to fall and make it more difficult for you to sell shares of our common stock.

***If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business, our market, or our competitors, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our common stock, the market price of our common stock and trading volume could decline.***

The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts may publish about us, our business, our market, or our competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us adversely change their recommendations regarding our common stock or provide more favorable recommendations about our competitors, the market price of our common stock would likely decline. If any of the analysts who may cover us were to cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the market price of our common stock or trading volume to decline.

***We do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.***

We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors may need to rely on sales of our common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase shares of our common stock.

***Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States of America are the exclusive forums for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.***

Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware and the federal district courts of the United States of America are the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders' ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees. Specifically, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum provision for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding

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brought on behalf of us; (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty; (iii) any action arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or Amended and Restated Bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time); (iv) any action to interpret, apply, enforce, or determine the validity of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or our Amended and Restated Bylaws; (v) any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; or (vi) any action asserting an "internal corporate claim" as defined in the DGCL.

Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. To prevent having to litigate claims in multiple jurisdictions and the threat of inconsistent or contrary rulings by different courts, among other considerations, our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation further provides that the U.S. federal district courts are the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions. In such instance, we would expect to vigorously assert the validity and enforceability of the exclusive forum provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. This may require significant additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions and there can be no assurance that the provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions.

These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder's ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees. If a court were to find any of the exclusive forum provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be inapplicable to or unenforceable in an action, we may incur further significant additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, all of which could seriously harm our business.

***The requirements of being a public company, particularly after we are no longer an "emerging growth company," may strain our resources, require us to incur substantial costs and will require substantial management attention.***

As a public company, and particularly after we cease to be an "emerging growth company", we have incurred and will continue to incur substantial legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. For example, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the rules and regulations of the SEC, and the listing standards of Nasdaq. For example, the Exchange Act requires, among other things, we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Compliance with these rules and regulations has increased and will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs, and increase demand on our systems, particularly after we are no longer an emerging growth company. In addition, as a public company, we may be subject to stockholder activism, which can lead to additional substantial costs, distract management, and impact the manner in which we operate our business in ways we cannot currently anticipate. As a result of disclosure of information in filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition has become more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors.

Some members of our management team also have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. Our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage the increased regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These obligations and constituents require significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

**Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments**

None.

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**Item 1C. Cybersecurity**

Cybersecurity attacks impact businesses and organizations of all sizes and sectors on a global basis. At Backblaze, we recognize the importance of developing, implementing and maintaining a cybersecurity risk management program. Our customers rely on our solutions to store, use and protect their files, which may include confidential or personally identifiable information, critical business information, and other meaningful content. A successful cybersecurity attack could adversely affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our information systems or any data residing therein.

We dedicate significant effort and resources to protect our systems and data, as well as the data of our customers from cybersecurity threats. We are dependent on internal and external information technology systems and infrastructure to securely process, transmit, and store critical information. Our Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing our cybersecurity, which represents an important component of the company's enterprise risk management ("ERM"). We seek to reduce cybersecurity risks through a variety of control activities that are designed to identify, assess, manage and mitigate these risks.

***Risk Management Strategy***

The company's cybersecurity risk management program is focused on the following key areas:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• ***Governance*:** As more fully described in the section titled "Governance" below, the cybersecurity risk management program is led by our Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO"), with oversight from the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and input from the Risk Management Advisory Committee (the "Risk Management Committee"). Our Risk Management Advisory Committee is a cross-functional committee comprised of our executives and other leaders of various departments that consists of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Head of Legal and Compliance, CISO, other members of management, and other employees from selected key functions of the company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• ***Approach*:** We use a cross-functional approach to identify, assess, treat, and monitor cybersecurity risks, while also implementing controls and procedures that are designed to provide for the prompt escalation of cybersecurity incidents and support appropriate public disclosure and reporting of incidents as required in a timely manner. Our cybersecurity program includes the selection, implementation, testing, and monitoring of a layered set of administrative (including policies and procedures), technical, and physical controls, including access controls, endpoint protection, vulnerability management, independent testing, and monitoring capabilities, designed to reduce the likelihood and impact of cybersecurity threats.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• ***Incident Response Planning:*** We maintain an incident response plan that includes defined processes, roles, communications, responsibilities and procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents and other events that impact our operations. Our incident response plans are tested and evaluated on a regular basis.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• ***Third-Party Risk Management:*** Our business relies on various services from third-party service providers that could adversely impact the security of our systems and business. We have implemented processes designed to identify and assess cybersecurity risks associated with our use of third-party service providers. We generally conduct a security risk assessment based on the potential risk to the company and its customers prior to onboarding of any such new services and include security and privacy addenda to our contracts where applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• ***Education and Awareness:*** We have established a security and privacy awareness program that runs throughout the year and includes training for all company personnel to enhance employee awareness of how to detect and respond to cybersecurity threats as well as more targeted training for company personnel that have increased responsibility for mitigating certain potential cybersecurity risks.

We regularly review and update our policies, procedures, processes and practices to address changes in the threat landscape and as a result of lessons learned from suspected, actual or simulated incidents. We conduct tabletop exercises, and engage third-party services to conduct evaluations of our security controls through penetration testing and independent audits. We also review industry best practices to assist in evaluating responses to new challenges and risks. These evaluations include testing the design and operational effectiveness of security controls. The state of the cybersecurity program is reported by the CISO to the Audit Committee.

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***Governance***

Our Board of Directors, with input from the Risk Management Committee, oversees our enterprise risk management process, including the risks associated with AI and cybersecurity threats. Our cybersecurity risk management program is managed by our CISO, whose security team is responsible for leading enterprise-wide cybersecurity strategy, policy, standards, controls, and processes. Cybersecurity risks are evaluated alongside other enterprise risks and inform prioritization of mitigation activities and resource allocation. Our CISO also provides updates to the Audit Committee on our cybersecurity program, including recent developments, key initiatives to strengthen our systems, applicable industry standards, vulnerability assessments, third-party vendor risk, and independent security framework alignment and compliance maturity, AI, and other information security considerations. The Audit Committee also receives information regarding cybersecurity incidents, including prompt updates for any cybersecurity incidents that may be deemed material and which might require public disclosure. Management is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the cybersecurity program, while the Audit Committee provides oversight. Our CISO and other key personnel also frequently engage with key vendors, industry groups, and law enforcement communities as part of our continuing efforts to improve our cybersecurity program.

***Experience***

Our CISO has more than 30 years of experience in cybersecurity, IT, governance, risk management, regulatory compliance, and data protection and privacy program design and implementation. He has served in CISO roles for over 15 years, including leadership positions at a publicly traded cloud services company and organizations supporting highly regulated federal healthcare programs, and previously served as Director of IT Security at a publicly traded international satellite radio company. He is an IAPP Fellow of Information Privacy and holds recognized security, privacy, audit, and risk management certifications relevant to data protection and regulatory compliance.

***Cybersecurity Risks***

While we dedicate significant efforts and resources to our cybersecurity program, we may be unable to successfully identify threats, prevent attacks, satisfactorily resolve cybersecurity incidents, or implement adequate mitigating controls. Any breach of our network security and information systems or other cybersecurity-related incidents that results in, or may result in, the loss, theft or unauthorized disclosure of data, or any delay in determining the full extent of a potential breach, could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition, including harm to our reputation and brand, reduced demand for our solutions, time-consuming and expensive litigation, fines, penalties, and other damages. As is common in industry, we experience periodic phishing and DDoS attacks. To date and except as otherwise may be noted in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we do not believe that any cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect the company, including its business strategy, results of operations or financial condition. For more information relating to cybersecurity risks and uncertainties, please see the risk factor entitled "If our information technology systems, including the data of our customers stored in our systems, are breached or subject to cybersecurity attacks, our reputation and business may be harmed" in Part I, Item 1A, and other risk factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

**Item 2. Properties** 

We lease approximately 24,000 square feet of office space in San Mateo, California under a lease agreement that expires in 2029, of which approximately 12,000 square feet is subleased to a third party and approximately 12,000 square feet is available for sublease. We also lease space in multiple data centers located in California, Arizona and Virginia, as well as in Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Toronto, Canada. We lease all of our facilities and do not own any real property. We may add or consolidate facilities from time to time as we grow our business and expand our Backblaze Storage Cloud platform.

**Item 3. Legal Proceedings**

From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that we believe is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

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**Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures**

Not applicable.

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**Part II**

**Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities** 

***Market information***

Our Class A common stock ("common stock") has been listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "BLZE" since November 11, 2021. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock.

***Holders of Record***

As of March 3, 2026, there were 10 stockholders of record of our common stock. Because many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of beneficial owners of our common stock represented by these record holders.

***Dividend Policy***

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business. Additionally, our ability to pay dividends is limited by restrictions on our ability to pay dividends or make distributions under the terms of our credit facility. Accordingly, we do not anticipate declaring or paying dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our results of operations, capital requirements, financial condition, prospects, contractual arrangements, any limitations on payment of dividends present in our current credit facility and any future debt agreements, and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

***Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities***

None.

***Issuer Repurchases of Securities***

In August 2025, the Company's Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to $10.0 million of our common stock through August 1, 2026. The program is intended to offset dilution resulting from stock-based compensation. Repurchases are to be funded from the proceeds of employee stock option exercises and from employee contributions under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

The following is a summary of the repurchases of our common stock, by month, during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 (in thousands, except for share and per share information):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Total Number of Shares Purchased** | **Average Price Paid per Share** | **Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs** | **Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs** |
| October 2025 | 47405 | $9.82 | 47405 | $8350 |
| November 2025 | 12971 | $5.72 | 12971 | $8276 |
| December 2025 | 54104 | $4.77 | 54104 | $8017 |
| Total | 114480 | $6.97 | 114480 |  |

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**Item 6. Reserved**

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**Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result of Operations**

*The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included in "Part II — Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion, particularly information with respect to our future results of operations or financial condition, business strategy and plans, and objectives of management for future operations, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as described under the heading, "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" in "Part I — Item 1A. Risk Factors." You should review the disclosure under the heading, "Risk Factors" for a discussion of important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those described or implied in these forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this report to "Backblaze," the "Company," "we," our," "us," or similar terms refer to Backblaze, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.*

*A discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 is presented below. A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 can be found under Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025.*

**Overview**

We are a high-performance cloud storage platform for data-intensive use cases in the artificial intelligence ("AI") era and across a broad range of modern cloud workloads, designed to help customers address complex storage needs by reducing the barriers of lock-in, complexity, and cost. Our mission is to make customers succeed by solving their toughest data storage challenges. We aim to achieve this mission through our purpose-built, web-scale software infrastructure, which is essential to the global data center and compute infrastructure buildout.

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We focus on specialized storage and an open cloud ecosystem that integrates with a broad range of partners. Ongoing investment in our technology platform and related features has driven customer, community, and product milestones. Starting in the second half of 2024, we initiated a go-to-market transformation that is actively moving the company up-market, which has been evidenced by the signing of multiple deals with total contract values over $1.0 million each and revenue growth for B2 Cloud Storage of 26% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 2024.

***Product Updates***

To support our up-market expansion and evolving customer needs, we recently launched B2 Overdrive, our premium-priced, ultra high-throughput performance cloud storage solution, designed to meet the demands of data-intensive workloads including AI and machine-learning training, large-scale analytics, high-performance computing, and media processing. We also introduced a suite of enterprise cyber security features including AI-powered anomaly alerts, mandatory multifactor authentication, bucket access logging, and Enterprise Web Console which streamlines role-based administrative control in complex environments to help with cybersecurity and account management. These launches expand our addressable market among enterprise and AI-driven customers and lay the groundwork for further innovation to drive differentiated value for these customers.

***Financial Developments***

*Banking Relationship and Line of Credit* 

On June 4, 2025, we entered into a credit agreement with Citizens Bank, N.A., establishing a senior secured revolving credit facility with a total borrowing capacity of up to $20.0 million to be used for general corporate purposes and working capital needs. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under this facility.

*2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan*

In November 2025, we initiated a restructuring and transformation plan designed primarily to improve efficiency and enhance the performance of our sales and marketing functions to support our go-to-market initiatives (the "2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan"). The 2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan includes the reallocation of resources, the redesign of sales and marketing strategies and processes, and other corporate actions. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we incurred charges of approximately $2.5 million, including employee termination expenses, an impairment charge related to our exit from our corporate headquarters facility, and other transformation costs. We expect to incur additional charges of approximately $4.7 million to $7.5 million through the first quarter of 2027, at which time the 2025 Restructuring Plan is expected to be completed. These charges include estimated employee termination expenses of approximately $0.8 million to $1.2 million, and other business transformation costs.

*Share Repurchase Program*

In August 2025, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to $10.0 million of our Class A common stock through August 1, 2026. The program is intended to offset dilution resulting from stock-based compensation. Repurchases are to be funded from the proceeds of employee stock option exercises and from employee contributions under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

**Our Business Model**

Our solutions are designed to serve a wide range of customers from individuals and small businesses to large enterprises across all industries. Our solutions appeal to customers with a desire for easy-to-use and cost-effective solutions while also delivering reliability and performance. Our business model is supported by a highly efficient cloud storage platform built on proprietary software and commodity hardware, which enables us to deliver predictable pricing and attractive price-to-performance at scale. Our two primary cloud services are B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup, which together enable customers to store, use, and protect their data across a broad variety of use cases.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• B2 Cloud Storage enables customers to store and manage data for use cases ranging from backup and archive to application storage, ransomware protection, and AI/ML workloads. B2 Cloud Storage operates as an IaaS model, allowing customers to scale usage dynamically on a pay-as-you-go basis or purchase capacity or committed contracts for greater predictability. In addition to our standard B2 Cloud Storage offering, we provide B2 Overdrive, a premium high-performance storage option designed for data-intensive and AI-driven workloads that

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require high sustained throughput and low latency. Developers and partners can embed our storage into their applications, while enterprise customers use B2 Cloud Storage to support large-scale, data-intensive workflows.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Computer Backup is designed to provide virtually unlimited backup for businesses and individuals in a SaaS subscription model using primarily flat-rate pricing. Customers use Computer Backup to automatically and continuously back up data from desktops, laptops, and external drives, with data recoverable at any time through our Backblaze Storage Cloud.

We believe our pricing is simple and transparent, with fees and terms that are generally shared publicly on our website. Our revenue is primarily recurring and supported by a land-and-expand model that encourages customers to increase usage of our platform over time as their data needs grow. Additionally, we expand revenue per customer through cross-sell, upsell, and use case expansion opportunities, which include the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Cross-Sell:** Customers that adopt one product may expand to another as their use cases evolve, such as Computer Backup customers adding B2 Cloud Storage to enable broader data management.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Upsell:** Customers can choose to use various features and services for additional fees, such as Enterprise Control, Snapshots, cloud replication, and enhanced support tiers. For example, our Computer Backup cloud service offers Enterprise Control, which provides larger customers with greater administrative management for an additional cost. B2 Cloud Storage offers Snapshots that allow customers to create moment-in-time versions of their data, and also allows customers to retain data in multiple geographic regions, both of which provide additional flexibility and value. Additionally, customers receive email and chat support for free, but can also opt for enhanced support tiers for an additional cost, which provide dedicated customer support contacts and 24/7 response.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Use Case Expansion:** Customers often begin using our products for a single need and expand over time. For example, a media company using B2 Cloud Storage for asset storage may later use it as an origin store for content distribution. Another example would be a business that adopts B2 Cloud Storage for backup and archive purposes, which decides to also enable Object Lock for ransomware protection. Use case expansion enables the opportunity to deepen our relationship with our customers and increase revenue.

For prospective customers interested in B2 Cloud Storage, we offer a free tier and a simple, intuitive sign-up process, allowing them to quickly on-board and start using our solutions. Once prospective customers grow beyond the free storage limit, they have the flexibility to only pay for what they need and pay as they go, without any lock-in or long-term commitments. This is delivered via a consumption-based model, and we charge a fixed price per month per gigabyte of data stored on our platform. Customers may purchase our B2 Cloud Storage on a capacity or committed contract basis for greater predictability.

For prospective customers interested in Computer Backup, we offer a free 14-day trial and automatically start to back up all their files securely to our Backblaze Storage Cloud. Prospective customers can then choose to sign up on a per computer basis. The service is delivered via a SaaS model where revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription term. Subscriptions are offered to customers on a monthly, annual, or biennial basis, providing customers flexibility to choose their commitment lengths. We generally charge a flat rate for this solution and provide virtually unlimited backup capabilities to customers.

Our product-led growth self-service motion remains a core component of our go-to-market model. Prospective customers find us through multiple channels, including our website, partners, and brand advocates, which together have fostered a strong and engaged community. Our blog, which reaches millions of readers annually, contributes significantly to advocacy and referral activity within that community. Our content and community engagement efforts are designed to educate and attract new users, while our free trial and simple sign up process help convert these users into paying customers.

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**Factors Affecting Our Performance**

We believe that the future growth and performance of our business will depend on several factors, including the following:

***Scale Sales Efforts***

We are optimizing our direct sales organization to focus on larger enterprise customers and strategic accounts. In addition, our sales team works closely with our channel, alliance, and managed service provider partners to promote adoption of our Backblaze Storage Cloud solutions. We continue to strengthen relationships with these partners, which are intended to help us reach new and existing markets and broaden our customer base.

***Enhance Marketing and Demand Generation***

We are investing in targeted marketing initiatives designed to increase brand awareness, generate demand, and convert new customers. Our acquisition efforts are supported by our blog content, case studies, social sharing, earned media, and self-serve sign-up model. We also attend and sponsor industry events and are launching digital advertising campaigns to further extend our reach.

We are focused on improving the efficiency of these efforts by optimizing the conversion rate of visitors to customers. Our refined acquisition mix emphasizes account-based marketing strategies to prioritize high-value prospects and reduce reliance on promotional or lower-margin license types. This disciplined approach is designed not only to acquire new customers efficiently but also to cultivate long-term relationships that turn customers into brand advocates, partners, and sources of referrals.

***Expansion Within Existing Customers***

Our future success will depend in part on our ability to increase usage and adoption of our solutions with existing customers. We are focused on expanding revenue within our current customer base through the introduction of new features and use cases, the continued enhancement of our Customer Success programs, and the natural growth of customer data stored on our platform.

We have developed a range of add-on services, such as Enterprise Control and multi-region selection, that provide additional functionality and generate incremental revenue beyond our core offerings. Customers are also broadening their use of Backblaze for complementary workloads, including media storage, hybrid cloud support, and analytics repositories.

To support this expansion, we are strengthening our Customer Success organization with new leadership and targeted initiatives designed to help customers realize the full value of our platform. We believe these initiatives will help promote higher engagement, stronger retention, and greater data utilization over time. As customers continue to generate, store, and analyze growing volumes of data, our platform naturally becomes more embedded in their operations, creating sustained opportunities for revenue expansion.

***Continued Platform Investment and New Product Launches***

We are committed to continued investment in capital and research and development activities to meet the performance requirements of modern enterprise and AI workloads. In April 2025, we launched B2 Overdrive, a premium priced high-performance cloud storage solution for data-intensive workloads such as AI and machine-learning training, high-performance computing, large-scale analytics, and media processing. In May 2025, we introduced the Enterprise Web Console for B2 Cloud Storage, which streamlines role-based administration in complex enterprise environments. These launches represent ongoing steps in our up-market, go-to-market transformation and are expected to broaden our addressable market, deepen cross-sell and upsell potential, and position us to capture incremental growth in enterprise and AI-driven customers. We expect capital expenditures to fluctuate in the near term, with an increase anticipated in early 2026 to support ongoing platform development, future product launches, and our up-market strategy.

***International Expansion***

While our sales and marketing efforts have primarily focused on the United States, our existing customer base spans more than 175 countries, with 28% of our total revenue originating outside of the United States for the year ended December 31, 2025. We believe international expansion may represent a meaningful opportunity. We may invest in our operations

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internationally to reach new customers by expanding into targeted key geographies where we believe there are opportunities for significant return on investment. In January 2025, for example, we entered into an agreement with a leading hybrid cloud solutions provider in Canada to extend our market reach in this region. This agreement resulted in the launch of a new data center region in Canada in January 2025.

**Key Business Metrics**

We monitor the key business metrics set forth below to help us evaluate our business and growth trends, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness of our sales and marketing investments, and assess operational efficiencies. The calculation of the key metrics discussed are calculated under the same method for B2 Cloud Storage, Computer Backup, and total Company. The below metrics may differ from other similarly titled metrics used by other companies, securities analysts or investors.

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|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **B2 Cloud Storage** |  |  |  |
| Net revenue retention rate | 111% | 123% | 122% |
| Gross customer retention rate | 89% | 89% | 90% |
| Annual recurring revenue (in millions) | $88.9 | $70.2 | $57.6 |
| Number of customers | 119154 | 107616 | 97842 |
| Annual average revenue per user | $750 | $645 | $577 |
| **Computer Backup** |  |  |  |
| Net revenue retention rate | 98% | 109% | 100% |
| Gross customer retention rate | 91% | 90% | 91% |
| Annual recurring revenue (in millions) | $65.5 | $66.5 | $60.0 |
| Number of customers | 402589 | 417845 | 431745 |
| Annual average revenue per user | $163 | $159 | $140 |
| **Total Company** |  |  |  |
| Net revenue retention rate | 105% | 116% | 109% |
| Gross customer retention rate | 91% | 90% | 91% |
| Annual recurring revenue (in millions) | $154.4 | $136.7 | $117.6 |
| Number of customers<sup>(1)</sup> | 503866 | 507647 | 511942 |
| Annual average revenue per user | $307 | $268 | $228 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> The number of customers for each of B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup solutions include customers that use both our B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup solutions.

***Net Revenue Retention Rate***

We believe the growth in the use of our platform by our existing customers is an important measure of the health of our business and our future growth prospects. We measure this growth by monitoring our overall net revenue retention rate, which measures our ability to retain and expand revenue from existing customers. Our continued focus on our customers is driving significant revenue retention, as evidenced by our overall net revenue retention rates ("NRRs") of 105% and 116% as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The enhancement of our B2 Cloud Storage offerings is a key contributor to this success, resulting in NRRs of 111% and 123% for the same periods. The decrease in the NRR for B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup was primarily driven by the impact of a price increase, which took place in October 2023, with Computer Backup also reflecting lower expansion from existing customers.

To calculate the NRR for a specific quarter, we determine the revenue recognized in that quarter from customers who generated revenue during the last month of the same quarter of the previous year. This revenue is then divided by the revenue generated from those same customers in the prior year quarter. Our overall NRR rate is calculated as the average of these quarterly rates over the past four quarters to provide a comprehensive view of revenue trends.

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***Gross Customer Retention Rate***

We use gross customer retention rate to measure our ability to retain our customers. Our gross customer retention rate reflects only customer losses and does not reflect the expansion or contraction of revenue we earn from our existing customers. We have maintained gross customer retention rates of approximately 90% across our revenue products as of both December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. We believe our high gross customer retention rates demonstrate that we provide a vital service to our customers, as the vast majority of our customers tend to continue to use our platform from one period to the next. To calculate our gross customer retention rate, we take the trailing four-quarter average of our quarterly gross customer retention rates. We calculate the quarterly gross customer retention rates by dividing (i) the number of accounts that generated revenue in the last month of the current quarter that also generated recurring revenue during the last month of the corresponding quarter in the prior year, by (ii) the number of accounts that generated recurring revenue during the last month of the corresponding quarter in the prior year.

***Annual Recurring Revenue***

We define annual recurring revenue ("ARR") as the annualized value of all B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup arrangements as of the end of a period. Given the renewable nature of our business, we view ARR as an important indicator of our financial performance and operating results, and we believe it is a useful metric for internal planning and analysis. ARR is calculated by multiplying the monthly revenue from all B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup arrangements for the last month of a period by 12. Our ARR for each of B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup is calculated in the same manner as our overall ARR based on the revenue from our B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup solutions, respectively. See Notes 2 and 3 to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on revenue from B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup arrangements.

ARR does not have a standardized meaning and is therefore unlikely to be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. ARR should be viewed independently of revenue and is not intended to be combined with or to replace that item. ARR is not a forecast and the active contracts at the end of a reporting period used in calculating ARR may or may not be extended or renewed by our customers.

While ARR is not a guarantee of future revenue, we consider substantially all of our revenue as recurring in nature for the periods presented. As noted above, our gross customer retention rate has been consistent over the periods presented at approximately 90%. Although B2 Cloud Storage is generally consumption-based and paid for by customers in arrears, we recognize revenue in the month these storage services are delivered, and consider this revenue recurring as customers are charged as long as their data is stored with us. Further, during the periods presented, customers who store data with us generally increase the amount of their data stored over time, as evidenced by our B2 Cloud Storage NRR rate of 111% as of December 31, 2025. Computer Backup (subscription-based arrangements) revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the arrangement beginning on the date that the service commences, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for details on our revenue recognition policy. Additional limitations of ARR include the fact that consumption-based revenue is not guaranteed for future periods, although we believe that our high historic gross customer retention rate is indicative of ARR, and the fact that our subscription terms can be on a monthly basis, although the significant majority of our customers have subscription terms of one year or longer during the periods presented above.

Changes to recurring revenue may result from the expansion of our offerings to our existing customers, as well as new customer acquisition and the timing of customer renewals. Our ARR increased by $18.7 million for B2 Cloud Storage as of December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, representing 27% growth. ARR for Computer Backup experienced a slight decline of $1.0 million compared to the prior year, but continues to serve as a stable source of recurring revenue, supported by multi-year subscription commitments and increased demand from business environments.

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***Number of Customers***

We define a customer at the end of any period as a distinct account, as identified by a unique account identifier, that has paid for our cloud services, including end-user customers that purchase through a reseller. This population makes up substantially all of our user base.

***Annual Average Revenue Per User***

We define annual average revenue per user ("Annual ARPU") as the annualized value for the average revenue per customer. Annual ARPU is calculated by dividing our revenue for the last month of a period by the total number of customers as of the last day of the same period, and then multiplying the resulting quotient by 12. Our ARR per user for B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup is calculated in the same manner based on the revenue and number of customers from our B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup solutions, respectively.

Our Annual ARPU increased for B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup by 16% and 3%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to increased storage and our focus on adding larger customers.

**Key Components of Results of Operations**

***Revenue***

We generate revenue primarily from our B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup cloud services offered on our platform. Our platform is offered to customers primarily through two pricing models: a consumption- or committed-contract basis for B2 Cloud Storage, and a subscription-based arrangement for Computer Backup. Our subscription arrangements generally range in duration from one month to five years, for which we bill our customers up front for the entire period.

Consumption-based arrangements are generally recognized based on fees charged for customer usage of our platform, with fees recorded as revenue in the period in which the consumption occurs. For our subscription arrangements, we provide our cloud services evenly over the contractual period, for which revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer.

During the third quarter of 2023, we announced pricing increases across our Computer Backup and B2 Cloud Storage products, which became effective in October 2023. We realized a favorable impact to total revenue across our products, and did not experience a significant change in costs as a result of the increase. We have not experienced a material impact on customer retention as a result of this price increase through December 31, 2025.

***Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin***

Cost of revenue consists of our expenses in providing our platform and cloud services to our customers. These expenses include operating our data center spaces, network and bandwidth costs, and depreciation of our equipment and finance leased equipment in data center spaces. Personnel-related costs associated with customer support and maintaining service availability, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation are also included. Cost of revenue also includes credit card processing fees, amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs, and allocated overhead costs.

We plan to continue investing in our infrastructure to support the growth of our business. These investments include the purchase and expansion of infrastructure equipment (and related depreciation) as well as software development activities and associated amortization. Because these costs are often incurred ahead of revenue generation, delays in realizing anticipated revenue or fluctuations in the timing of revenue could adversely affect our gross margin from period to period.

During the second quarter of 2025, we completed a study on the useful lives of our property and equipment, resulting in an extension of the useful life of our infrastructure equipment. This update resulted in a reduction in depreciation expense of approximately $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and is anticipated to result in further reduction of approximately $2.8 million for the year ending December 31, 2026.

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***Operating Expenses***

The most significant components of our operating expenses are personnel costs, which consist of salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation. We expect our operating expenses, excluding depreciation, amortization, restructuring charges, and stock-based compensation expenses, to remain relatively flat in 2026 compared to 2025, as efficiencies from our restructuring activities in 2025 offset increased investments in research and development and other growth-related costs. However, sales and marketing expenses may increase in absolute dollars as we invest in marketing initiatives to support business growth.

*Research and Development*

Research and development expenses consist primarily of our investments in personnel, infrastructure engineering, technology tooling and computational resources (including AI), as well as an allocation of certain facility and IT-related expenses. We capitalize the portion of our software development costs that meets the criteria for capitalization.

We expect our investments in research and development to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we continue to add new features to our platform, integrate advanced technologies such as AI into our development lifecycle, further enhancing our cloud service offerings, and increase the functionality of our existing features. Our research and development expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue from period to period due to the timing and extent of these expenses.

*Sales and Marketing*

Sales and marketing expenses include the cost of personnel focused on developing and executing selling and marketing activities. Sales and marketing expenses also include program investments related to advertising, demand generation, brand awareness activities, sales commissions paid to our employees, and an allocation of our general overhead expenses.

Sales and marketing expenses also reflect ongoing investments in sales initiatives, including supplementing our self-serve model with a direct sales approach, expanding our partner ecosystem, building our lead generation and brand awareness, and sponsoring marketing events.

In addition, as part of our ongoing go-to-market transformation, we expect sales and marketing expenses to increase as we continue to invest in key initiatives, including a programmatic overhaul of our developer experience focused specifically on the tooling and documentation that serves developers using or building with AI, the launch of Flamethrower, a startup program designed to provide early-stage companies with product credits, technical support, and ecosystem partnerships to drive early adoption and long-term customer growth.

*General and Administrative*

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs for our accounting, finance, legal, security, human resources, and administrative support personnel and executives. General and administrative expenses also include costs related to legal and other professional services fees, sales and other taxes; depreciation and amortization; and an allocation of our general overhead expenses. While we expect general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars as our business scales, we anticipate that these costs will decline as a percentage of revenue over time.

***Investment Income***

Investment income consists primarily of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities.

***Interest Expense***

Interest expense consists primarily of interest related to our finance lease agreements, interest on the outstanding balance of our debt facility, and the amortization of debt issuance costs.

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***Income Tax Provision***

Provision for income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign and state jurisdictions in which we conduct business. We maintain a full valuation allowance against our U.S. deferred tax assets because we have concluded that it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will not be realized.

**Results of Operations**

The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss data for the periods indicated:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Revenue | $145835 | $127628 | $102019 |
| Cost of revenue | 57042 | 58285 | 52162 |
| Gross profit | 88793 | 69343 | 49857 |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 46109 | 42098 | 39527 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 37397 | 44440 | 41270 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 28910 | 29094 | 26965 |
| Total operating expenses | 112416 | 115632 | 107762 |
| Loss from operations | (23623) | (46289) | (57905) |
| Investment income | 1961 | 1422 | 1984 |
| Interest expense | (3866) | (3658) | (3792) |
| Loss before provision for income taxes | (25528) | (48525) | (59713) |
| Income tax provision | 84 | 6 |  |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $(25612) | $(48531) | $(59713) |

---

The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss data expressed as a percentage of revenue for the periods indicated:<sup>(1)</sup>

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Revenue | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Cost of revenue | 39 | 46 | 51 |
| Gross profit | 61 | 54 | 49 |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 32 | 33 | 39 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 26 | 35 | 40 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 20 | 23 | 26 |
| Total operating expenses | 77 | 91 | 106 |
| Loss from operations | (16) | (36) | (57) |
| Investment income | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Interest expense | (3) | (3) | (4) |
| Loss before provision for income taxes | (18) | (38) | (59) |
| Income tax provision |  |  |  |
| Net loss | (18)% | (38)% | (59)% |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> Totals may not sum due to rounding.

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The following table includes stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, and restructuring charges as they are included in the results of operations:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Stock-based compensation<sup>(1)</sup> |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of revenue | $1557 | $1616 | $1986 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 12094 | 10392 | 9218 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 6119 | 8280 | 8721 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 6655 | 5816 | 5127 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total stock-based compensation | $26425 | $26104 | $25052 |
| Depreciation and amortization<sup>(2)</sup> |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of revenue | $25136 | $27761 | $24331 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 170 | 262 | 261 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 117 | 190 | 189 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 70 | 115 | 131 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total depreciation and amortization | $25493 | $28328 | $24912 |
| Restructuring charges |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of revenue | $115 | $460 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 285 | 1278 | 2311 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 687 | 1867 | 1025 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 1385 | 1256 | 280 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total restructuring charges | $2472 | $4861 | $3616 |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> $2.5 million of stock-based compensation incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024 is classified as restructuring charges in the table above, including $0.3 million related to cost of revenue, $0.9 million related to research and development costs, $1.2 million related to sales and marketing costs, and $0.1 million related to general and administrative costs. $0.1 million of stock-based compensation incurred during the year ended December 31, 2023, which were related to sales and marketing and general and administrative costs, is classified as restructuring charges in the table above. A nominal amount of stock-based compensation incurred during the year ended December 31, 2025 is classified as restructuring charges in the table above. For further information on our restructuring plan, see Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

<sup>(2)</sup> $0.1 million of depreciation and amortization expense recorded to cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 is classified as restructuring charges in the table above, as these charges were incurred as part of our 2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan.

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**Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024**

***Revenue***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **Change** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | $**%** |
| | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** |
| B2 Cloud Storage revenue | $79897 | $63335 | 26% |
| Computer Backup revenue | 65938 | 64293 | 3% |
| Total revenue | $145835 | $127628 | 14% |

---

Total revenue increased by $18.2 million, or 14%, for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Primary factors influencing the $16.6 million increase in B2 Cloud Storage revenue include the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a $10.1 million increase in sales to new customers; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a $6.5 million increase driven by higher storage usage as a result of upselling and organic growth by existing customers.

Primary factors influencing the $1.6 million increase in Computer Backup revenue include the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a $4.5 million increase due to price increases that went into effect in October 2023;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a $0.7 million increase driven by increased utilization by existing customers; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a $3.6 million decrease from a decline in license counts.

***Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **Change** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | $**%** |
| | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** |
| Cost of revenue | $57042 | $58285 | (2)% |
| Gross margin | 61% | 54% |  |

---

*Cost of Revenue*

Primary factors influencing the $1.2 million, or 2%, decrease in cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 include the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a $6.0 million decrease in depreciation expense primarily due to the extension of the useful life of our infrastructure equipment;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a $1.5 million decrease in personnel-related costs resulting from lower headcount following our recent restructuring and ongoing efficiency initiatives;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a $3.4 million increase in amortization expense related to capitalized investments in platform enhancements and new software features; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a $2.9 million increase primarily reflecting incremental rent and facility costs associated with expanding our data center footprint to support increased storage capacity.

*Gross Margin*

Gross margin was 61% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 54% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in our gross margin was primarily driven by higher revenue and lower fixed costs, including reduced depreciation expense resulting from the extension of the useful life of our infrastructure equipment, effective April 1, 2025, which increased gross margin by approximately 4%. In addition, improved economies of scale related to personnel supporting cost of sales contributed to the increase. These benefits were partially offset by higher variable costs associated with the expansion of our data center spaces.

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***Operating Expenses***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **Change** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | $**%** |
| | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** |
| Research and development | $46109 | $42098 | 10% |
| Sales and marketing | $37397 | $44440 | (16)% |
| General and administrative | $28910 | $29094 | (1)% |

---

Primary factors influencing the change in operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 include the following:

*Research and Development*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• an increase of $3.0 million in personnel-related costs driven by a $5.1 million increase due to lower capitalization of internally developed software resulting from the timing and level of qualifying development activities, partially offset by a $2.1 million decrease, primarily related to lower headcount following our recent restructuring and ongoing efficiency initiatives;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• an increase of $0.8 million in stock-based compensation expense, including a $1.4 million increase related to lower capitalization of internally developed software resulting from changes in project timing and scope, partially offset by a $0.9 million decrease from severance costs incurred under the 2024 Restructuring Plan; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• an increase of $0.2 million due to the impairment of certain internally developed software assets.

*Sales and Marketing*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*•* decreases of $2.8 million and $2.2 million in personnel-related expenses and stock-based compensation, respectively, primarily related to a reduction in headcount following our recent restructuring and ongoing efficiency initiatives;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a decrease of $1.7 million in workforce reduction costs incurred under the 2024 Restructuring Plan, the majority of which related to stock-based compensation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a decrease of $0.3 million in advertising and marketing costs, including a $0.8 million decrease in baseline operating spend, partially offset by a $0.5 million increase to support our go-to-market transformation initiatives.

*General and Administrative*

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a decrease of $1.1 million related to personnel-related costs resulting from lower headcount following our recent restructuring and ongoing efficiency initiatives;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a decrease of $0.5 million primarily attributable to reduced non-personnel operating expenses as a result of continued efficiency initiatives;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• an increase of $0.8 million in stock-based compensation expense primarily related to the timing of award grants;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• an increase of $0.4 million due to higher foreign exchange losses; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• and increase of $0.3 million related to litigation settlement costs.

***Investment Income***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **Change** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | $**%** |
| | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** |
| Investment income | $1961 | $1422 | 38% |

---

Investment income increased by $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily due to the investment of additional cash raised in the Follow-On Offering of $37.4 million. For further information on our Follow-On Offering see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements located elsewhere in this Annual report on Form 10-K.

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***Interest Expense***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **Change** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | $**%** |
| | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** |
| Interest expense | $(3866) | $(3658) | (6)% |

---

Interest expense increased by $0.2 million the year ended December 31, 2025 due to the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• an increase of $0.5 million due to an increased volume of finance leases; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a decrease of $0.3 million due to lower average debt outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the prior year.

***Income Tax Provision***

Our provision for income taxes was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

**Non-GAAP Financial Measures**

To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"), we provide investors with non-GAAP financial measures including adjusted gross profit (and margin), adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), adjusted EBITDA margin, each as defined below. These measures are presented for supplemental informational purposes only, have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly-titled non-GAAP financial measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of these measures as tools for comparison. Because of these limitations, when evaluating our performance, you should consider each of these non-GAAP financial measures alongside other financial performance measures, including the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP and our other GAAP results. A reconciliation of each of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP is set forth below.

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***Adjusted Gross Profit and Adjusted Gross Margin***

We believe adjusted gross profit (and margin), when taken together with our GAAP financial results, provides a meaningful assessment of our performance, and is useful to us for evaluating our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes.

We define adjusted gross profit as gross profit, excluding stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization and restructuring charges within cost of revenue. We define adjusted gross margin as a percentage of adjusted gross profit to revenue. We exclude stock-based compensation, which is a non-cash item, and restructuring charges because we do not consider it indicative of our core operating performance. We exclude depreciation expense of our property and equipment and amortization expense of capitalized internal-use software because these may not reflect current or future cash spending levels to support our business. We believe adjusted gross profit (and margin) provides consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitates period-to-period comparisons of operations.

The following table presents a reconciliation of gross profit, the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP, to adjusted gross profit (and margin), for each of the periods presented:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** |
| Gross profit | $88793 | $69343 | $49857 |
| Adjustments: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation<sup>(1)</sup> | 1557 | 1616 | 1986 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization<sup>(2)</sup> | 25136 | 27761 | 24330 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Restructuring charges | 115 | 460 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross profit | $115601 | $99180 | $76173 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gross margin | 61% | 54% | 49% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted gross margin | 79% | 78% | 75% |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> $0.3 million of stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 is classified as restructuring charges in the table above, as these charges were incurred as part of our 2024 Restructuring Plan. See Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding our restructuring plans and associated charges.

<sup>(2)</sup> $0.1 million of depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 is classified as restructuring charges in the table above, as these charges were incurred as part of our 2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan.

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***Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin***

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss adjusted to exclude depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, interest expense, investment income, income tax provision, realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions, and certain non-recurring and infrequent items, including impairment of long-lived assets, restructuring charges, legal settlement costs, and other similar charges. Adjusted EBITDA Margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenues for the period. We use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, when taken together with our GAAP financial results, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our operating performance by excluding certain items that may not be indicative of our business, results of operations, or outlook. We consider Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin to be important measures because they help illustrate underlying trends in our business and our historical operating performance on a more consistent basis.

Our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA may differ from the calculations of Adjusted EBITDA by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. Because of these limitations, when evaluating our performance, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including our net loss and other GAAP results. The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods presented.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** | **(in thousands, except percentages)** |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $(25612) | $(48531) | $(59713) |
| Adjustments: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization<sup>(1)</sup> | 25493 | 28328 | 24912 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation<sup>(2)</sup> | 26425 | 26104 | 25052 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Interest expense and investment income, net | 1905 | 2236 | 1808 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax provision | 84 | 6 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign exchange loss | 451 | 32 | 123 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Litigation settlement costs | 288 |  | 411 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impairment loss on long-lived assets<sup>(3)</sup> | 258 |  | 232 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restructuring charges | 2472 | 4861 | 3616 |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $31764 | $13036 | $(3559) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss and comprehensive loss margin | (18)% | (38)% | (59)% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted EBITDA Margin | 22% | 10% | (3)% |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> $0.1 million of depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 is classified as restructuring charges in the table above, as these charges were incurred as part of our 2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan.

<sup>(2)</sup> A nominal amount, $2.5 million, and $0.1 million, of stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, are classified as restructuring charges in the table above, as these charges were incurred under our restructuring plans.

<sup>(3)</sup> $1.0 million and $0.9 million of impairment loss on right-of-use assets for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, are classified as restructuring charges in the table above, as these charges were incurred as part of our restructuring plans.

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**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

***General***

Since inception, we have financed operations primarily through payments received from our customers and, in later periods from the net proceeds from our public offerings. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, our principal sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $51.4 million and $54.9 million, respectively.

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, together with cash provided by operations and our revolving credit facility, will be sufficient to support our working capital and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our material cash requirements include contractual and other obligations under our credit facility, finance and operating lease agreements, and purchase commitments as discussed below. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our total revenue growth rate, the timing and the amount of cash received from customers, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the potential expansion of our data center spaces, the price at which we are able to purchase or lease infrastructure equipment, the impact of inflation on interest rates, the introduction of platform enhancements, and the continuing market adoption of our platform. In the future, we may enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products, and technologies. To support our up-market transformation, we expect to increase our capital expenditures, continue leveraging finance lease agreements for infrastructure investments and, when strategic opportunities arise, we may supplement our revolving credit facility with additional equity or debt funding to accelerate enterprise-focused growth. In the event that we require additional financing, we may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital or generate cash flows necessary to expand our operations and invest in continued innovation, we may not be able to compete successfully, which would harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We maintain cash deposits in the United States, in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured banks. In the event of a failure of any financial institutions where we maintain deposits, we may lose timely access to our funds at such institutions and incur significant losses to the extent our funds exceed the $250,000 limit insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

***Debt***

On June 4, 2025, we entered into a credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Citizens Bank, N.A. (the "Lender"), establishing a senior secured revolving credit facility with a total borrowing capacity of up to $20.0 million (the "Revolving Credit Facility") to be used for general corporate purposes and working capital needs. The Revolving Credit Facility allows for borrowings, repayments, and re-borrowings up to the total capacity, subject to compliance with the terms of the Credit Agreement. The Revolving Credit Facility includes a sub-limit of up to $3.0 million for the issuance of letters of credit. The Credit Agreement is scheduled to mature on June 4, 2027, at which point all obligations become due. The Credit Agreement includes an option that allows us to extend the maturity date by one year, subject to certain conditions.

Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a variable rate, at our discretion, equal to either (a) the average Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 3.25% or (b) a base rate, as defined in the Credit Agreement, plus 2.25%. Additionally, the Credit Agreement requires the payment of a commitment fee of 0.35% on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, and a letter of credit availability fee of 0.125% on outstanding letters of credit.

Our ability to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness depends on our future performance, working capital levels and capital structure, which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors which may be beyond our control. There can be no assurance that we will generate sufficient cash flow from our operations or that future financings will be available on acceptable terms or in amounts sufficient to enable us to service or refinance our indebtedness or to make necessary capital expenditures.

As of December 31, 2025, we had no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2025, no letters of credit were outstanding and $20.0 million was available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility.

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*Debt Covenants under the Credit Agreement*

The Credit Agreement contains customary restrictive financial and operating covenants, including limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends, make certain investments, sell assets, and engage in other specified transactions. In August 2025, in connection with the establishment of a new share repurchase program (as discussed further below), we amended the Credit Agreement to permit share repurchases of up to $10.0 million, thereby excluding such repurchases from the covenant restrictions. The Credit Agreement also requires us to comply with the following financial covenants on a quarterly basis: (i) a minimum liquidity of $10.0 million held on deposit with the Lender, over which we retain control and consider as cash and cash equivalents, (ii) a minimum consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") (as defined below) threshold, and (iii) a maximum total leverage ratio of 2.75 to 1.00, which is calculated based on consolidated EBITDA.

The Credit Agreement defines consolidated EBITDA on a trailing four fiscal quarter basis and includes specified adjustments and exclusions. As a result, EBITDA as defined under the Credit Agreement may differ materially from Adjusted EBITDA as presented elsewhere in this report. For example, the calculation of EBITDA under the Credit Agreement includes exceptions and caps related to adjustments for (i) restructuring and other strategic initiatives, (ii) legal settlements, (iii) completed acquisitions, and (iv) all other non-cash and non-specified non-recurring charges. As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with the covenants under the Credit Agreement. Failure to comply with these covenants could limit the Company's ability to access additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility or could result in the acceleration of repayments of amounts outstanding under the facility.

***Commitments***

*Finance Leases*

We enter into finance lease arrangements to obtain hard drives and related equipment for our data center operations. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for our future minimum commitments related to our finance leases. The weighted average discount rate for finance leases was 12.6% as of December 31, 2025.

*Operating Leases*

We lease data center spaces and office space under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on our future minimum commitments on our operating leases. The weighted average discount rate for operating leases was 6.9% as of December 31, 2025.

In June 2025, we amended an existing lease for a data center facility to (i) extend the non-cancellable term of the original lease and (ii) expand into additional infrastructure designed to support multiple-storage offerings. This expansion is expected to commence in the second quarter of 2026 and includes a non-cancellable lease term of approximately seven years. The original lease term was also extended to align with this period.

*Purchase Commitments*

In addition, we have purchase commitments that relate mainly to infrastructure agreements used to facilitate our operations. As of December 31, 2025, there are $2.5 million, $2.2 million, and $0.8 million payable for these commitments for the years ending December 31, 2026, 2027, and 2028, respectively.

***Share Repurchase Program***

In August 2025, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase up to $10.0 million of our Class A common stock through August 1, 2026. The program is intended to offset dilution resulting from stock-based compensation. Repurchases are to be funded from the proceeds of employee stock option exercises and from employee contributions under the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

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Repurchases may be made from time to time in open market transactions, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, or through other means, in accordance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The timing, number of shares repurchased, and prices paid for the shares under this program will depend on general business and market conditions as well as corporate and regulatory limitations, prevailing stock prices, and other considerations. The share repurchase program may be suspended, modified, or discontinued at any time and does not obligate us to acquire any amount of Class A common stock.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, we repurchased a total of 256,549 shares of our Class A common stock for $2.0 million. As of December 31, 2025, approximately $8.0 million remained available for repurchases under the program.

***Cash Flows***

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** | **For the Years Ended<br>December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $23544 | $12505 | $(7350) |
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | $(25340) | $(6131) | $21657 |
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | $(14798) | $22772 | $(8842) |

---

***Operating Activities***

Our largest source of operating cash is payments received from our customers. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for personnel-related expenses, sales and marketing expenses, infrastructure expenses, and overhead expenses.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, cash provided by operating activities was $23.5 million, which resulted from a net loss of $25.6 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $58.5 million and net cash outflow of $9.3 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $26.4 million for stock-based compensation expense, $25.6 million for depreciation and amortization expense, noncash lease expense on operating leases of $4.9 million, and a $1.0 million impairment loss on right-of-use assets primarily related to our restructuring activities. The net cash outflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $4.5 million decrease in operating lease liabilities reflecting the timing of lease payments, a $2.7 million increase in other assets primarily related to employee sales commissions, a $1.7 million increase in accounts receivable driven by higher revenue from enterprise customers and the timing of billings and related collections, and a $1.5 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily due to higher unbilled revenue.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, cash used in operating activities was $12.5 million, which resulted from a net loss of $48.5 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $60.8 million and a net cash inflow of $0.2 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $28.3 million for depreciation and amortization expense, $28.6 million for stock-based compensation expense, noncash lease expense of $2.7 million, and $0.9 million related to loss on impairment of right-of-use assets. The net cash inflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of a $5.5 million increase of deferred revenue, which increased due to our growing sales and to timing of collections from our customers and a $0.9 million increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The cash inflows were largely offset by payments of operating lease liabilities of $2.6 million, an increase of $1.3 million in other assets, and an increase in accounts receivable of $1.0 million due to timing of collections. Prepaid expenses and other current assets increased $0.7 million and accounts payable decreased $0.5 million. Cash provided by operations increased during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to our growing customer base, increased storage from new and existing customers and the price increase that began to take effect in October 2023, partially offset by increased expenditures related to managing and operating our co-location facilities, and increased spending in support of our expanded research and development and sales and marketing spending to support business growth.

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***Investing Activities***

Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2025 was $25.3 million, resulting primarily from the following activity:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Purchases of marketable securities of $39.5 million;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Cash payments of $7.6 million related to the development of internal-use software for adding new features and enhanced functionality to our platform;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Cash payments of $4.7 million related to capital expenditures in support of infrastructure deployments to support our growing business; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Proceeds of $26.3 million from the maturity of our marketable securities.

Cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $6.1 million, resulting primarily from the following activity:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Purchases of marketable securities of $38.1 million;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Cash payments of $12.5 million related to the development of internal-use software for adding new features and enhanced functionality to our platform;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Cash payments of $1.7 million related to capital expenditures in support of infrastructure deployments to support our growing business;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Proceeds of $45.7 million from the maturity of our marketable securities; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Proceeds of $0.5 million from the disposition of certain hard drives.

***Financing Activities***

Cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $14.8 million, resulting primarily from the following activity:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Principal payments on our finance lease agreements and lease financing obligations of $18.2 million related to hard drives and other infrastructure equipment used in our data center spaces;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $2.0 million related to repurchases of our Class A common stock;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $1.9 million related to payments on taxes for net share settlements of vested equity awards, resulting in a retirement of related equity awards;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $0.6 million related to payments of debt issuance costs;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $5.3 million in proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $2.6 million in proceeds from our ESPP.

Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 30, 2024 was $22.8 million, resulting primarily from the following activity:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $37.4 million of net proceeds from the Follow-On Offering;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $7.5 million in proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $2.8 million in proceeds from our ESPP;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $0.6 million in proceeds from our RCA debt facility prior to its termination. See Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements located elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Principal payments on our finance lease agreements and lease financing obligations of $19.5 million related to hard drives and other infrastructure equipment used in our data center spaces;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $4.7 million related to the repayment, in full, of the RCA debt facility;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $0.9 million related to repayment of principal on financed insurance premiums; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• $0.4 million related to payments of offering costs in connection with our Follow-On Offering.

**Contractual Obligations and Commitments**

Our commitments are associated with contracts that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum services to be used, fixed, minimum or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the actions under the contracts. Operating lease commitments relate primarily to our rental of office space and data center spaces. Our finance lease commitments relate primarily to our infrastructure equipment. Purchase commitments

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relate mainly to infrastructure agreements and subscription arrangements used to facilitate our operations. For more information, see Note 10 and Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements located elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

**Critical Accounting Estimates** 

Our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis, based on historical experience, current trends, and other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates, and such differences could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

While our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, we believe the following accounting estimates involve the most significant judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and therefore represent our critical accounting estimates.

***Useful Lives of Long-Lived Assets***

Our long-lived assets primarily consist of data center equipment, servers, networking equipment, capitalized internal-use software, and certain right-of-use assets related to our lease arrangements. These assets are recorded at cost and depreciated or amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.

Determining the appropriate useful lives of our long-lived assets requires significant judgment and is based on our expectations regarding the period over which the assets will provide economic benefit. Factors considered in establishing useful lives include historical asset performance, technological changes, expected usage patterns, and anticipated maintenance or replacement cycles. We review useful lives periodically and may revise them when warranted by changes in circumstances or new information.

Changes in estimated useful lives affect the timing of depreciation and amortization expense recognized in future periods. Because depreciation is primarily included in cost of revenue, revisions to useful lives would impact future gross margin and operating results on a prospective basis.

During the second quarter of 2025, we completed a study on the useful lives of our property and equipment, resulting in an extension of the useful life of our infrastructure equipment. This update resulted in a reduction in depreciation expense of approximately $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and is anticipated to result in further reduction of approximately $2.8 million for the year ending December 31, 2026.

***Capitalization of Internal-Use Software***

We capitalize certain costs related to the development of internal-use software that supports our Backblaze Storage Cloud platform and related products. Capitalized costs primarily consist of personnel-related costs, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation, incurred during the application development stage of software projects. Capitalization begins when the preliminary project stage is complete and it is probable that the software will be completed and used for its intended purpose, and ceases when the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.

Significant judgment is required in determining whether a software project qualifies for capitalization, determining when capitalization should begin and end, and identifying and measuring the costs that qualify for capitalization. We also estimate the expected useful lives of capitalized internal-use software and amortize these costs on a straight-line basis over the period in which the software is expected to provide economic benefit. Changes in our estimates related to project scope, expected functionality, qualifying costs, or useful lives could materially affect the amount of costs capitalized, the timing of expense recognition, and our results of operations.

Capitalized internal-use software represents a significant asset on our consolidated balance sheets, and amortization of these costs is included primarily in cost of revenue. If our assumptions regarding capitalization eligibility, project completion, or useful lives were to change, our operating results and gross margin could be materially impacted.

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A hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in the amount of project costs capitalized for the year ended December 31, 2025 would have resulted in a corresponding decrease or increase of approximately $1.0 million in operating expenses for the period.

**Recent Accounting Pronouncements**

See the sections titled *"Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted" and "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements"* in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

**JOBS Act Accounting Election**

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act. For so long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation. The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. This provision allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of some accounting standards unless and until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to use the extended transition period under the JOBS Act for the adoption of new or revised accounting standards and, as a result, we will adopt such standards on the dates applicable to private companies until we cease to be an emerging growth company on December 31, 2026, which is the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering. Accordingly, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to those of public companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of the public company effective dates.

**Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk** 

We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

***Interest Rate Risk***

Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to our finance lease arrangements and lease financing obligations for obtaining hard drives and related equipment for our data center operations, which may be impacted by interest rate changes for any future agreements we enter into. We also earn interest income generated by cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. As of December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments balances of $29.2 million and $22.2 million, respectively. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. As such, we generally do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure. We intend to hold all investments to their respective maturities. Due to the short-term nature of these investments and as all investments are generally intended to be held-to-maturity, we do not believe that an increase or decrease in interest rates of 100 basis points would have a material effect on our operating results or financial position.

In addition, borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at variable rates, at our discretion, equal to either (a) the average SOFR plus 3.25% or (b) a base rate, as defined in the credit agreement, plus 2.25%. Accordingly, our future interest expense will fluctuate with changes in market interest rates. No borrowings were outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility as of December 31, 2025.

***Inflation Risk***

The inflation rate has recently been falling by some measures after reaching a nearly three decade high in 2022, but interest rates remain high and may continue to increase our operating costs and our interest expense. It is uncertain how inflation and interest rates will be impacted in 2026 by the imposition of tariffs and other trade-related actions or inactions. World

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events, such as the Russia-Ukraine War, the joint United States-Israeli strikes on Iran in February 2026 and other conflicts in the Middle East, continue to negatively affect the global economy. We continue to monitor the impact of inflation in order to minimize its effects through focusing on upmarket revenue growth, productivity improvements, and cost reductions. However, we may not be able to sufficiently offset our increased costs through these measures, for competitive reasons or because of other factors influencing our operations. There can be no assurance that future inflation will not have an adverse impact on our operating results and financial condition.

***Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk***

Our reporting currency and the functional currency of our wholly owned foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Our revenue and operating expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars and are not subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk. Our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk relates to certain finance lease purchase option obligations that are denominated in foreign currencies, including the British pound, Canadian dollar, and Euro. Fluctuations in exchange rates result in remeasurement gains or losses and affect the U.S. dollar value of these lease liabilities. As the we expand our international operations and enter into additional foreign currency-denominated lease arrangements, our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations may increase. We do not currently use derivative instruments to hedge foreign currency risk.

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**Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data**

**BACKBLAZE, INC.**

**INDEX TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **Page** |
| <u>[Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_85)</u> <u>(Deloitte & Touche LLP, Los Angeles, California, PCAOB ID #34)</u> | [61](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_85) |
| <u>[Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_815)</u> <u>(BDO USA, P.C., San Jose, California, PCAOB ID #243)</u> | [62](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_815) |
| <u>[Consolidated Balance Sheets](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_88)</u> | [63](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_88) |
| <u>[Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_91)</u> | [64](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_91) |
| <u>[Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_94)</u> | [65](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_94) |
| <u>[Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_97)</u> | [66](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_97) |
| <u>[Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_100)</u> | [67](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_100) |

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**REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Backblaze, Inc.

**Opinion on the Financial Statements**

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Backblaze, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for the year ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

**Basis for Opinion**

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Los Angeles, California

March 10, 2026

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2025.

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**Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

Shareholders and Board of Directors

Backblaze, Inc.

San Mateo, California

**Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements**

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Backblaze, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

**Basis for Opinion**

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ BDO USA, P.C.

We served as the Company's auditor from 2020 to 2024.

San Jose, California

March 11, 2025

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**BACKBLAZE, INC.**

**CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

**(in thousands, except share and per share data)**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Assets** |  |  |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $29182 | $45776 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Marketable securities | 22199 | 9139 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net | 3482 | 1831 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | 4195 | 3457 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other current assets | 6630 | 5545 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current assets | 65688 | 65748 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Property and equipment, net | 57310 | 42949 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 22713 | 15873 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Capitalized internal-use software, net | 40825 | 41801 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other assets | 5290 | 2187 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets | $191826 | $168558 |
| **Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity**  |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | $1588 | $1459 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 9406 | 7584 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Finance lease liabilities and lease financing obligations, current | 14873 | 16327 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities, current | 5253 | 4026 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue, current | 30498 | 30407 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current liabilities | 61618 | 59803 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Finance lease liabilities and lease financing obligations, non-current | 21292 | 13142 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities, non-current | 20166 | 12844 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue and other liabilities, non-current | 5529 | 5147 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities | $108605 | $90936 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) |  |  |
| **Stockholders' Equity** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock, 0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2025 and 2024; zero shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 113,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2025 and 2024; 58,962,339 shares issued and 58,705,790 outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 53,375,770 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024. | 6 | 5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Class B common stock, 0.0001 par value; 295,986 shares authorized as of December 31, 2025 and 2024; zero shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Treasury stock, at cost; 256,549 and zero shares as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively | (1983) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in capital | 306795 | 273602 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated deficit | (221597) | (195985) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total stockholders' equity  | 83221 | 77622 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities and stockholders' equity  | $191826 | $168558 |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.*

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**BACKBLAZE, INC.**

**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS**

**(in thousands, except share and per share data)**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Revenue | $145835 | $127628 | $102019 |
| Cost of revenue | 57042 | 58285 | 52162 |
| Gross profit | 88793 | 69343 | 49857 |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 46109 | 42098 | 39527 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 37397 | 44440 | 41270 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 28910 | 29094 | 26965 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 112416 | 115632 | 107762 |
| Loss from operations | (23623) | (46289) | (57905) |
| Investment income | 1961 | 1422 | 1984 |
| Interest expense | (3866) | (3658) | (3792) |
| Loss before provision for income taxes | (25528) | (48525) | (59713) |
| Income tax provision | 84 | 6 |  |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $(25612) | $(48531) | $(59713) |
| Net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted<sup>(1)</sup> | $(0.46) | $(1.11) | $(1.66) |
| Weighted average Class A and Class B common shares outstanding | 56209667 | 43543023 | 36011446 |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> On July 6, 2023, all shares of the Company's then outstanding Class B common stock were automatically converted into the same number of Class A common stock, pursuant to the terms of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. No additional shares of Class B common stock will be issued following such conversion. See Note 13 for further details.

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.*

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**BACKBLAZE, INC.**

**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY**

**(in thousands, except share data)**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Class A Common Stock**<sup>(1)</sup> | **Class A Common Stock**<sup>(1)</sup> | **Treasury Stock** | **Treasury Stock** | **Additional**<br>**Paid-in**<br>**Capital** | **Accumulated**<br>**Deficit** | **Total** |
| | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional**<br>**Paid-in**<br>**Capital** | **Accumulated**<br>**Deficit** | **Total** |
| **Balance as of December 31, 2022** | 33393737 | $4 |  | $— | $156485 | $(87741) | $68748 |
| Net loss |  |  |  |  |  | (59713) | (59713) |
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | 2446846 |  |  |  | 4613 |  | 4613 |
| Issuance of common stock related to the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan | 2327073 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of common stock related to the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 695046 |  |  |  | 2339 |  | 2339 |
| Issuance of restricted stock units related to bonus plans | 287908 |  |  |  | 1848 |  | 1848 |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 27103 |  | 27103 |
| **Balance as of December 31, 2023** | 39150610 | 4 |  |  | 192388 | (147454) | 44938 |
| Net loss |  |  |  |  |  | (48531) | (48531) |
| Issuance of shares of common stock upon public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs | 7187500 | 1 |  |  | 36980 |  | 36981 |
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | 2526902 |  |  |  | 7537 |  | 7537 |
| Issuance of common stock related to the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan | 3434104 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of common stock related to the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 780206 |  |  |  | 2768 |  | 2768 |
| Issuance of restricted stock units related to bonus plans | 296448 |  |  |  | 3507 |  | 3507 |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 30422 |  | 30422 |
| **Balance as of December 31, 2024** | 53375770 | 5 |  |  | 273602 | (195985) | 77622 |
| Net loss |  |  |  |  |  | (25612) | (25612) |
| Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | (256549) | (1983) |  |  | (1983) |
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | 1580237 |  |  |  | 5268 |  | 5268 |
| Issuance of common stock related to the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan | 3085157 | 1 |  |  | (1918) |  | (1917) |
| Issuance of common stock related to the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 619604 |  |  |  | 2550 |  | 2550 |
| Issuance of restricted stock units related to bonus plans | 301571 |  |  |  | 2014 |  | 2014 |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 25279 |  | 25279 |
| **Balance as of December 31, 2025** | 58962339 | $6 | (256549) | $(1983) | $306795 | $(221597) | $83221 |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> On July 6, 2023, all shares of the Company's then outstanding Class B common stock were automatically converted into the same number of Class A common stock, pursuant to the terms of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. No additional shares of Class B common stock will be issued following such conversion. See Note 13 for further details.

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.*

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**BACKBLAZE INC.**

**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS**

**(in thousands)**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |  |
| Net loss | $(25612) | $(48531) | $(59713) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Noncash lease expense on operating leases | 4944 | 2727 | 2350 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 25591 | 28328 | 24912 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impairment loss on long-lived assets | 1159 | 898 | 232 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 26436 | 28628 | 25177 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on disposal of property and equipment | (347) | (154) | (292) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other, net | 686 | 409 | 417 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | (1651) | (1031) | 56 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (1527) | (741) | (445) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other assets | (2673) | (1346) | (389) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | 402 | (547) | (295) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 130 | 948 | (1422) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue and other liabilities, non-current | 473 | 5505 | 4526 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities | (4467) | (2588) | (2464) |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 23544 | 12505 | (7350) |
| **CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of marketable securities | (39530) | (38097) | (26358) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Maturities of marketable securities | 26281 | 45693 | 67874 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment | 167 | 455 | 369 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Purchases of property and equipment | (4694) | (1711) | (5512) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Capitalized internal-use software costs | (7564) | (12471) | (14716) |
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (25340) | (6131) | 21657 |
| **CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Principal payments on finance lease and lease financing obligations | (18164) | (19503) | (19510) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commission and other offering costs |  | 37434 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payments of offering costs | (20) | (383) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from debt facility | 2454 | 554 | 4273 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment of debt facility | (2454) | (4682) | (4450) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment of debt issuance costs | (602) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from insurance premium financing |  |  | 893 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Principal payments on insurance premium financing |  | (893) | (1545) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from lease financing obligations |  |  | 4450 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of treasury stock | (1983) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercises of stock options | 5338 | 7477 | 4708 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taxes paid for net share settlement of equity awards | (1917) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from ESPP | 2550 | 2768 | 2339 |
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (14798) | 22772 | (8842) |
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | (16594) | 29146 | 5465 |
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 45776 | 16630 | 11165 |
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $29182 | $45776 | $16630 |
| **RECONCILIATION OF CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $29182 | $45776 | $12502 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted cash, non-current |  |  | 4128 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, non-current | $29182 | $45776 | $16630 |
| **SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for interest | $3738 | $3579 | $3733 |
| **NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued bonus settled in restricted stock units | $2014 | $3507 | $1848 |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.*

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**BACKBLAZE INC.**

**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**Note 1. Organization and Description of Business**

***Description of Business***

Backblaze, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "Backblaze" or the "Company") is a high-performance storage cloud platform, designed to help businesses and consumers store, use, and protect their data. The Company delivers its services through the Backblaze Storage Cloud platform, a purpose-built, web-scale software architecture operating on commodity hardware. Backblaze's offerings include B2 Cloud Storage, an Infrastructure-as-a-Service ("IaaS") solution, and Computer Backup, a Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS") solution. The Company was incorporated in the state of Delaware on April 20, 2007.

*Follow-On Offering*

On November 20, 2024, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 6,250,000 shares of the Company's Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share at a public offering price of $5.60 per share (the "Follow-On Offering"). The Company also granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional 937,500 shares of Class A common stock at the same per-share price of $5.60 per share. The underwriters exercised their option to purchase the additional shares. The Company received net proceeds of $37.4 million from the Follow-On Offering, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses. Offering costs of $0.5 million, which consisted of direct incremental legal, accounting, and consulting fees were incurred by the Company in connection with the Follow-On Offering. These costs were offset against the proceeds from the Follow-On Offering.

**Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies**

***Principles of Consolidation***

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP") and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

***Reclassifications***

To conform to the current period's presentation, certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Prepaid expenses previously included in "Prepaid and other current assets" have been reclassified to a separate line item in the consolidated balance sheets for the year ended December 31, 2024.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A reclass of approximately $0.2 million previously classified as prepaid expenses as of December 31, 2024, has been reclassified to "Other" of other current assets in Footnote 6 and the consolidated balance sheet.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Net accretion of discount on investment securities and net realized investment gains previously presented separately have been reclassified to "Other" in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Machinery and equipment, previously presented as a separate major asset class of property and equipment in Note 7, have been reclassified to data center equipment for the year ended December 31, 2024.

These reclassifications had no impact on total assets, liabilities, or stockholders' equity.

***Emerging Growth Company***

The Company is an emerging growth company ("EGC"), as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"). Under the JOBS Act, EGCs can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent

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to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date that it (i) is no longer an EGC or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, these consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with the new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates. The Company will maintain its EGC status until the fifth anniversary of the Company's initial public offering. The Company intends to use the extended transition period for any other new or revised accounting standards during the period in which it remains an EGC. As a result, our Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2026 will no longer reflect any reduced disclosure requirements as an emerging growth company.

***Segment Information***

The Company has a single operating and reportable segment. In reaching this conclusion, management considers the definition of the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), how the business is defined by the CODM, the nature of the information provided to the CODM and how that information is used to make operating decisions, allocate resources and assess performance. The Company's chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), who reviews financial information presented on an aggregated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, assessing financial performance and allocating resources.

***Use of Estimates***

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Such estimates and assumptions include the costs to be capitalized as internal-use software, which include determining whether projects will result in new or additional functionality, the useful lives of other long-lived assets, impairment considerations for long-lived assets, the incremental borrowing rate for lease agreements, lease and non-lease component allocation, estimates related to variable consideration, valuation of the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") expense, and accounting for income taxes, including estimates for deferred tax assets, valuation allowance, and uncertain tax positions. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions that management considers reasonable. Future actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

During the second quarter of 2025, the Company completed a study of the useful lives of its property and equipment. Effective April 1, 2025, the estimated life of data center equipment, which includes hard drives, servers, and other infrastructure equipment, was extended on a prospective basis from a range of 3 to 5 years to a uniform 6 years. The reassessment was based on historical data and continuous improvements made to the efficiency and durability of the Company's storage infrastructure.

The change in estimate reduced depreciation expense and increased net income by approximately $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, resulting in an increase of $0.09 per basic and diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2025.

***Comprehensive Loss***

The Company does not have any components of other comprehensive income recorded within the consolidated financial statements and therefore does not separately present a statement of comprehensive income in the consolidated financial statements.

***Foreign Currency***

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses primarily arise from exchange rate fluctuations on monetary transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency. Because the functional currency of the Company and its foreign subsidiaries is the United States dollar ("USD"), the Company does not have foreign currency translation adjustments. Transaction gains and losses are included in general and administrative on the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

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Foreign exchange loss for the periods indicated was as follows (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Foreign exchange loss | $451 | $32 | $123 |

---

***Concentrations and Risks and Uncertainties***

*Credit risk.* Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk primarily consist of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, marketable securities, and unbilled receivables.

The Company maintains its cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities with high-quality financial institutions that have investment-grade credit ratings. Although these institutions are considered to be financially sound, deposits may exceed the amounts insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which could subject the Company to risk of loss in the event of the failure of any such financial institution.

The Company is also exposed to credit risk related to accounts receivable and unbilled receivables from customers. The Company does not have separate collateral requirements to support financial instruments subject to credit risk.

*Concentration of vendors.* The Company acquires infrastructure equipment from third party vendors. Vendors may have limited sources of equipment and supplies, which may expose the Company to potential supply-chain and service disruptions that could harm the Company's business.

The following table presents concentrations of vendors and customers that accounted for more than 10% related to the Company's cash disbursements, accounts payable, and accounts receivable.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| ***Cash disbursement concentration*** |  |  |  |
| Number of vendors | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Total cash disbursements represented by vendors listed above | 26% | 36% | 21% |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| ***Accounts payable concentration*** |  |  |
| Number of vendors | 2 | 1 |
| Total accounts payable balance represented by vendors listed above | 23% | 14% |
| ***Accounts receivable concentration*** |  |  |
| Number of customers | 2 | 2 |
| Total accounts receivable balance represented by customers listed above | 38% | 35% |

---

*Revenue.* The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from the services operating on its Backblaze Storage Cloud platform: its B2 Cloud Storage and Computer Backup offerings. No customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's revenues during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

***Restructuring***

The Company classifies certain costs as restructuring charges when they are incurred and considered direct and incremental in connection with management-approved programs that result in significant changes to the scope of the business or the manner in which the business is conducted. Restructuring charges include employee severance and related costs associated with workforce reductions, facility-related costs incurred to exit or consolidate office space, costs associated with strategic transformation initiatives, and other costs directly attributable to restructuring and transforming the Company's operations.

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Restructuring costs associated with strategic transformation initiatives are generally recognized as expense as the related services are performed or costs are otherwise incurred, while other restructuring-related costs, including asset impairments, are recognized in accordance with the applicable accounting policies for those costs. Employee severance and related costs are recognized when the Company has committed to a plan of termination, the plan identifies the employees affected and the expected completion date, the actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes will be made to the plan or that the plan will be withdrawn. For involuntary terminations, a liability is recognized in accordance with the applicable guidance based on whether employees are required to render future service to receive the benefits.

***Revenue Recognition***

The Backblaze Storage Cloud provides the core platform for the Company's B2 Cloud Storage and its Computer Backup offerings. The Company derives its revenue primarily from fees earned from customers accessing these offerings through its platform.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• B2 Cloud Storage is provided as an IaaS solution and is offered predominantly on a consumption-based model, with fees billed monthly in arrears, and to a lesser extent through capacity-based subscription plans with terms ranging from one to five years.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Computer Backup is provided as a SaaS solution under subscription arrangements with one month, one-year, and two-year terms, all of which are billed upfront and automatically renew at the end of their respective terms. In addition, customers may incur usage-based fees related to extended version history retention, which are recognized as revenue as the related services are provided.

While the majority of the Company's customers pay via credit card, certain customers' accounts are invoiced and recorded in accounts receivable and in revenue, or deferred revenue, depending on whether appropriate revenue recognition criteria have been met. As the Company provides its offerings as a hosted service, it does not provide customers the contractual right to take possession of the software at any time, does not incur set up costs, and does not charge an installation fee for its new customers.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five steps:

1. *Identify the contract with a customer.* The Company considers the terms and conditions of the contracts and its customary business practices in identifying its contracts under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606. The Company determines it has a contract with a customer when:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the contract has been approved by both parties;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• it can identify each party's rights regarding the services to be transferred and the payment terms for the services;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• it has determined the customer to have the ability and intent to pay;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the contract has commercial substance; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• it is probable the Company will collect substantially all of the consideration in the contract.

The Company applies judgment in determining a customer's ability and intent to pay based on a variety of factors, including historical payment experience for existing customers and customer profile considerations for new customers.

2. *Identify the performance obligations in the contract.* Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the services and products that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct and are distinct in the context of the contract. The Company's contracts typically contain a single distinct performance obligation representing one of its Backblaze Storage Cloud platform offerings, which includes either B2 Cloud Storage or Computer Backup services and related customer support.

3. *Determine the transaction price.* The transaction price is determined based on the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring services and products to the customer. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company's judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue recognized under the contract will not occur. The Company's variable consideration includes consumption-based revenue and revenue arrangements that offer the right of return. The Company offers a 30 day right of return for its one to five-year subscription-based arrangements and records a refund liability based on historical return data. Certain fees that are considered consideration payable to a customer are accounted for as a reduction of the transaction price. None of the

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Company's contracts contain a significant financing component. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental entities (e.g., sales and other indirect taxes).

4. *Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract.* Contracts that contain multiple distinct performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price ("SSP"). The Company determines SSP for performance obligations based on the price it sells a service or product separately.

5. *Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation.* Revenue is recognized when or as the Company satisfies its performance obligations. The Company's cloud service arrangements generally represent a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time as a series of distinct services that are substantially the same. The Company measures progress using an output method based on the value of services transferred to the customer and applies the "right to invoice" practical expedient for arrangements in which invoiced amounts correspond directly with the value transferred. Subscription-based arrangements are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term beginning on the service commencement date. Consumption-based arrangements are recognized based on actual usage as services are delivered.

The Company also offers a 14-day free trial period for its Computer Backup subscription-based arrangements and it does not enter into a contract with the customer during this trial period. Separately, under its consumption-based arrangements, the Company does not charge customers until at least 10 gigabytes of data have been stored.

The non-current deferred revenue balance of $5.4 million included in the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 will be recognized starting in 2027 and thereafter. As of December 31, 2024, the Company's non-current deferred revenue balance was $5.1 million, which will be recognized in 2026 and thereafter.

For revenue generated from arrangements that involve third-parties, the Company evaluates whether it is the principal or the agent based on maintaining control over the services being provided and maintaining the relationship with the end-customer. The Company's revenue is reported on a gross basis, as the Company is the principal.

***Cost of Revenue***

Cost of revenue includes costs directly associated with the delivery of services and products, which consists of expenses for providing Backblaze's platform to its customers. These expenses include rent and utilities for operating in data center spaces, personnel costs, network and bandwidth costs, depreciation of the Company's equipment and finance lease assets in data center spaces and other infrastructure expenses incurred in connection with its customers' use of its services. The Company periodically receives discounts from third-party vendors that are recorded as a reduction to cost of revenue on its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Personnel-related costs associated with customer support and maintaining service availability include salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation. Cost of revenue also includes credit card processing fees, amortization of capitalized internal-use software development costs and allocated overhead costs.

***Research and Development Costs***

Research and development costs consist primarily of personnel-related expenses associated with the Company's research and development staff, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation. Research and development costs also include consultants or professional services fees, costs related to the support and maintenance of systems used in product development, subscription services for use by its research and development organization and an allocation of its overhead costs. Research and development costs are generally expensed as incurred, unless they qualify as capitalized internal-use software.

***Advertising Costs***

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Prior-year amounts have been updated to conform to current year presentation and had no impact on the Company's previously reported consolidated financial statements. These costs were $2.5 million, $3.0 million, and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

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***Income Taxes***

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying the enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized.

Where interpretation of the tax law may be uncertain, the Company recognizes, measures and discloses income tax uncertainties. The Company accounts for interest expense and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company is subject to periodic audits by the Internal Revenue Service and other taxing authorities, which may challenge tax positions taken by the Company.

***Stock-based Compensation***

All stock-based compensation to employees is measured on the grant date, based on the fair value of the awards on the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation cost for equity-classified awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally a vesting period of one to four years.

Awards granted under the Company's bonus plans are accounted for as liability-classified share-based payment awards because the bonus payout represents a fixed monetary amount that is settled in a variable number of shares. For such awards, the Company recognizes compensation cost over the requisite service period based on the fair value of the liability, which is remeasured at each reporting date until settlement. Upon settlement and issuance of restricted stock units ("RSUs"), the awards are reclassified to equity.

Stock-based compensation includes RSUs, stock option grants and stock purchase rights under the ESPP.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to measure the fair value of its stock options and the stock purchase rights under the ESPP. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the use of complex assumptions, which determine the fair value of stock-based awards. Forfeitures are accounted for in the period in which they occur.

***Cash and Cash Equivalents***

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and certain highly liquid investments with maturities of 90 days or less at the date of purchase. Cash equivalents are primarily recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.

***Restricted Cash***

The Company had restricted cash of $4.1 million related to the line of credit agreement with City National Bank as of December 31, 2023. The Company did not have a restricted cash balance as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

***Marketable Securities***

The Company classifies marketable debt securities with original maturities greater than 90 days as held-to-maturity and reports them at amortized cost, with realized gains and losses recognized in earnings. Marketable securities with original maturities of 90 days or less are classified as cash equivalents. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such determination at each balance sheet date.

The Company will recognize an allowance for estimated credit losses on its held-to-maturity securities, using a forward-looking expected loss model, which reflects losses that are expected to be incurred over the life of the financial instrument. The Company uses a roll-rate method to determine the estimated credit losses using factors including historical global average default rates and expected recovery rates on similar credit quality, bond maturity and duration, along with historical experience, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions, if available. The Company monitors the credit profile of its held-to-maturity securities on a periodic basis, using third party data to assess their credit ratings as well as any adverse conditions specifically related to the security. The allowance for credit losses was a nominal amount for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

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***Fair Value of Financial Instruments***

The Company measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are reported under a three-level valuation hierarchy. The classification of the Company's financial assets within the hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 — Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.

The carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their respective fair values due to the short maturities of those instruments.

***Accounts Receivable, Net***

Accounts receivable are carried at the original invoiced amount less an estimated allowance for expected credit losses based on the probability of future collection. The allowance is estimated based on the Company's assessment of its ability to collect on customer accounts receivable. The allowance was a nominal amount as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The provision, direct write-offs, and recoveries were also nominal for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company regularly reviews the allowance by considering certain factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of accounts receivable balances and other known conditions that may affect a customer's ability to pay.

***Unbilled Accounts Receivable***

Unbilled accounts receivable represents recognized and unbilled revenue for consumption-based contracts that is billed monthly in arrears. Substantially all of the Company's unbilled accounts receivable is charged via a credit card upon billing. Unbilled accounts receivable is included in other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The balance of unbilled accounts receivable as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 is presented in Note 6.

***Deferred Contract Costs***

The Company's deferred contract costs are composed of third-party affiliate commissions and, starting in 2024, a commission structure for its sales team. Sales commissions and related taxes and benefits earned by our sales force as well as sales commission earned by marketing affiliates are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for new contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we have estimated to be five years. We determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration the duration of our customer contracts, our customer retention rate and the technology development life cycle. Sales commissions for renewal contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the related contractual renewal period. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Deferred contract costs are included within other current assets and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

***Property and Equipment, Net***

Property and equipment, both owned and under finance leases, are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation, which is computed on a straight-line basis over the asset's estimated useful life. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the useful life of the asset or expected lease term. Improvements that increase functionality of the asset are capitalized and depreciated over the asset's remaining useful life. Construction-in-progress is not depreciated. Fully depreciated assets are retained in property and equipment until removed from service.

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The following table presents the estimated useful lives of property and equipment:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Property and Equipment** | **Useful life** |
| Data center equipment<sup>(1)</sup> | 6 years |
| Computer equipment | 3 - 5 years |
| Leasehold improvements | Shorter of useful life or expected lease term |

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________________

<sup>(1)</sup> During the second quarter of 2025, the estimated lives of data center equipment were extended from a range of 3 to 5 years to a uniform 6 years. See "Use of Estimates" above for further details.

***Capitalized Internal-Use Software, Net***

The Company capitalizes qualifying software development costs related to new features and enhancements to the functionality of its platform and related products. The costs consist of personnel costs (including related taxes and benefits and stock-based compensation) that are incurred during the application development stage. Capitalization of costs begins when two criteria are met: (i) the preliminary project stage is completed, and (ii) it is probable that the software will be completed and used for its intended function. Capitalization ceases when the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, including the completion of all significant testing. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation operating activities are expensed as incurred.

The Company reviews its capitalization criteria for each project individually. Capitalized costs are amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally five years, on a straight-line basis, and represents the manner in which the expected benefit will be derived. The Company determines the useful lives of identifiable project assets after considering the specific facts and circumstances related to each project. Amortization of capitalized software costs is substantially included in cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

***Impairment of Long-lived Assets***

Long-lived assets with finite lives include property and equipment, capitalized internal-use software, certain implementation costs incurred for cloud computing arrangements, and right-of-use assets. The Company evaluates these long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds these estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group during the quarter in which the determination is made.

***Deferred Revenue***

The Company records deferred revenue when customer payments are received in advance of satisfying the performance obligations on the Company's contracts. Subscription-based arrangements are generally billed and paid in advance of satisfaction of these performance obligations. Deferred revenue relating to the Company's subscription-based arrangements that have a contractual expiration date of less than 12 months are classified as current. The Company classifies deferred revenue from services that will be provided in more than 12 months as non-current on its consolidated balance sheets.

***Leases***

The Company generally enters into finance lease arrangements for hard drives and related equipment for its data center operations, and operating leases for rental of data center spaces and office space. The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception by evaluating various factors, including if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration and other facts and circumstances. As a majority of the Company's operating leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available as of the commencement date for each lease component. The discount rate used is the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term in a similar economic environment.

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For finance leases, the lease term generally begins on the date of initial possession of the leased asset, and for operating leases, the term begins when the Company has the right to use the leased space and obtain the economic benefits. The Company does not assume renewals in its determination of the lease term unless the renewals are deemed to be reasonably assured at lease inception. Lease classification is determined at the lease commencement date. The Company records an asset and lease liability on its consolidated balance sheets for leases that have yet to commence when it has the ability to control the underlying asset as that creates a significant right and obligation to the Company. The underlying assets of finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and include certain non-lease components, such as maintenance and other services provided by the lessor to the extent the charges are variable.

The Company has elected the short-term lease practical expedient for all asset classes, which allows the lessee to not apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 to short-term leases (leases with original terms of 12 months or less and that do not include a purchase option that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise).

The Company has elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components for all of its leases, with the exception of leases related to the co-location lease agreement asset class. For co-location lease agreements, the Company only recognizes fixed minimum payments for tangible components as right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities, as these arrangements may include significant intangible components.

***Regulatory Developments***

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "OBBB Act") was enacted, introducing amendments to U.S. tax laws with various effective dates from 2025 to 2027. The OBBB Act includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, international tax framework, and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions including the immediate expensing of the US research and development expenditure. The Company has completed its assessment of the tax law changes enacted under the OBBB Act. Based on this assessment, the OBBB Act did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025, and the Company does not expect these changes to have a material impact on future periods.

In January 2024, the European Union ("EU") enacted the EU Data Act, which became effective in September 2025. The legislation establishes statutory rights for EU and European Economic Area ("EEA") customers, including the ability to terminate contracts with no more than two months' notice, reimbursement of unused prepaid service, and limitations on early termination penalties, among other changes. These provisions primarily affect the Company's subscription arrangements with EU and EEA customers by shortening the enforceable contract term and requiring consideration of expanded refund rights. The Company evaluated the implications of the EU Data Act on its customer arrangements, including remaining performance obligations, and determined that it did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements for the current reporting period. The Company has incorporated the provisions of the EU Data Act into its revenue recognition policies and contract assessments and expects to reflect any impact prospectively as customer arrangements are modified or renewed under the new requirements.

***Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements***

In December 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2025-11,"*Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements*" This standard improves the navigability of the required interim disclosures and clarifies when the guidance is applicable, as well as provides additional guidance on what disclosures should be provided in interim reporting periods. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2028. The Company is evaluating the impact this the new standard may have, but does not expect it to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, *"Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software."* This standard updates the recognition model for internal-use software by eliminating the project stage framework and requiring capitalization once projects are approved and completion is probable, and also clarifies related disclosure requirements. This ASU is effective for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard.

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In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, "*Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets."* This standard allows entities to apply a practical expedient when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets that arise from transactions accounted for under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, *Revenue from Contracts with Customers*. The standard is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, and the standard is to be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "*Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40) - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures.*" The ASU requires disclosure of specified information about certain costs and expenses, including (i) certain amounts already required to be disclosed in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements, (ii) a qualitative description of amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, and (iii) the total amount of selling expenses and an entity's definition of such expenses. For public companies, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 on either a prospective or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "*Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures*" requiring enhancements and further transparency to certain income tax disclosures, most notably the tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 for public companies and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 for non-public business entities. In accordance with our EGC status, the Company will implement the standard beginning with its annual reporting period ending December 31, 2026. This amendment should be applied on a prospective basis and retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard.

**Note 3. Revenues**

***Disaggregation of Total Revenue***

The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by solution (in thousands):

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| B2 Cloud Storage | $79897 | $63335 | $46427 |
| Computer Backup | 65938 | 64293 | 55592 |
| Total revenue | $145835 | $127628 | $102019 |

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The following table presents the Company's total revenue disaggregated by timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Consumption-based arrangements | $77187 | $61459 | $45771 |
| Subscription-based arrangements | 68236 | 65658 | 55679 |
| Point in time arrangements | 412 | 511 | 569 |
| Total revenue | $145835 | $127628 | $102019 |

---

Total revenue by geographic area, based on the location of the Company's customers, was as follows (in thousands):

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| United States | $104567 | $94323 | $73262 |
| United Kingdom | 7513 | 6703 | 5463 |
| Canada | 6609 | 5757 | 5027 |
| Other | 27146 | 20845 | 18267 |
| Total revenue | $145835 | $127628 | $102019 |

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***Deferred Revenue***

The following table presents information regarding the Company's deferred revenue (in thousands):

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Deferred revenue | $35897 | $35554 |

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Total revenue recognized, included in each deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each respective period | $30640 | $26076 | $22983 |

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Deferred revenue represents the invoiced portion of the Company's contract liabilities for which the related performance obligations are still outstanding. The Company's remaining performance obligations ("RPOs") include deferred revenue as well as future committed revenue under existing customer contracts.

The following tables presents the Company's RPOs (in millions):

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Within 1 Year** | **Over 1 Year**<sup>(1)</sup> | **Total** |
| As of December 31, 2025 | $35.5 | $30.7 | $66.2 |
| As of December 31, 2024 | $34.3 | $7.0 | $41.3 |

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________________

<sup>(1)</sup> The increase in remaining performance obligations as of December 31, 2025 was primarily driven by a new multi-year customer contract executed during the fourth quarter of 2025.

***Deferred Contract Costs***

The following tables presents the Company's amortization of deferred contract costs (in thousands):

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Deferred contract costs for marketing affiliates | $335 | $542 |
| Deferred contract costs for sales commission | $2639 | $972 |

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Amortization of deferred contract costs related to marketing affiliates | $852 | $1142 | $978 |
| Amortization of deferred contract costs related to sales commissions  | $480 | $126 | $— |

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**Note 4. Marketable Securities**

*Fair Values and Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses on Held-to-Maturity Investments*

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair values of interest-bearing securities, by type of security, were as follows (in thousands):

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Amortized Cost** | **Gross Unrealized** | **Gross Unrealized** | **Fair Value** | **Net Carrying Value** |
| **As of December 31, 2025** | **Amortized Cost** | **Gains** | **Losses** | **Fair Value** | **Net Carrying Value** |
| Cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Money market funds | $8729 | $— | $— | $8729 | $8729 |
| Total cash equivalents | $8729 | $— | $— | $8729 | $8729 |
| Investments |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. treasury securities | $9461 | $12 | $— | $9473 | $9461 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate debt securities | 12740 | 4 |  | 12744 | 12738 |
| Total investments | $22201 | $16 | $— | $22217 | $22199 |
|  | **Amortized Cost** | **Gross Unrealized** | **Gross Unrealized** | **Fair Value** | **Net Carrying Value** |
| **As of December 31, 2024** | **Amortized Cost** | **Gains** | **Losses** | **Fair Value** | **Net Carrying Value** |
| Investments |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial paper | $9139 | $— | $(2) | $9137 | $9139 |
| Total investments | $9139 | $— | $(2) | $9137 | $9139 |

---

*Scheduled Maturities*

The amortized cost and fair value of held-to-maturity securities as of December 31, 2025 by contractual maturity are shown below.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Amortized Cost** | **Fair Value** |
| | **(In Thousands)** | **(In Thousands)** |
| Within one year | $22201 | $22217 |
| After one year through five years |  |  |
| After 5 years through 10 years |  |  |
| After 10 years |  |  |
| Total investments | $22201 | $22217 |

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*Aging of Unrealized Losses*

There were no securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2024, certain securities were in an immaterial unrealized loss position for less than twelve months.

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**Note 5. Fair Value Measurements**

The following table presents the level within the fair value hierarchy at which the Company's held-to-maturity investments are measured (in thousands):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **As of December 31, 2025** | **Level 1** | **Level 2** | **Other**<sup>(1)</sup> | **Total** |
| Cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Money market funds | $— | $— | $8729 | $8729 |
| Investments |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. treasury securities | 9473 |  |  | 9473 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate debt securities |  | 12744 |  | 12744 |
| Total | $9473 | $12744 | $8729 | $30946 |

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________________

<sup>(1)</sup> Investments in money market funds measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient are not subject to hierarchy level classification disclosure. The Company invests in money market funds that seek to maintain a stable net asset value. These investments include commingled funds that comprise high-quality short-term securities representing liquid debt and monetary instruments where the redemption value is likely to be the fair value. Redemption is permitted daily without written notice.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **As of December 31, 2024** | **Level 1** | **Level 2** | **Total** |
| Investments |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commercial paper | $— | $9137 | $9137 |
| Total | $— | $9137 | $9137 |

---

There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the only significant assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis were right-of-use assets related to the Company's corporate headquarters lease. In 2024, the Company recognized an impairment related to a partial exit from its headquarters building, and in 2025, the Company recognized an additional impairment upon its complete exit from the same building. These impairments were measured using discounted cash flow models with Level 3 inputs, informed by market data and valuation information obtained from third-party specialists, including assumptions related to expected sublease cash flows and market participant discount rates.

**Note 6. Other Current Assets**

Other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Unbilled accounts receivable, net | $3746 | $2864 |
| Receivable from payment processor | 615 | 1347 |
| Other | 2269 | 1334 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other current assets | $6630 | $5545 |

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**Note 7. Property and Equipment, Net**

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Data center equipment | $95958 | $71424 |
| Leased and financed data center equipment<sup>(1)</sup> | 66569 | 65037 |
| Computer equipment | 2286 | 2239 |
| Leasehold improvements | 181 | 244 |
| Construction-in-process | 89 | 311 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total property and equipment | 165083 | 139255 |
| Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | (107773) | (96306) |
| Total property and equipment, net | $57310 | $42949 |

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________________

<sup>(1)</sup> The net book value of the Company's equipment under finance lease agreements and lease financing obligations was $45.7 million and $35.7 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following table presents property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets by geographic region (in thousands):

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| United States | $67193 | $47930 |
| Canada | 2871 | 3309 |
| The Netherlands | 9959 | 7583 |
| Total property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets | $80023 | $58822 |

---

**Note 8. Capitalized Internal-Use Software, Net** 

Capitalized internal-use software, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Developed software | $68837 | $59435 |
| General and administrative software | 144 | 144 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total capitalized internal-use software | 68981 | 59579 |
| Less: accumulated amortization | (28156) | (17778) |
| Total capitalized internal-use software, net | $40825 | $41801 |

---

Amortization expense of capitalized internal-use software included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is as follows (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Cost of revenue<sup>(1)</sup> | $10398 | $6989 | $3598 |
| General and administrative | 10 | 10 | 28 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total amortization expense of capitalized internal-use software | $10408 | $6999 | $3626 |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> Includes $0.1 million of restructuring charges for the year ended December 31, 2025. See Note 16 for additional information.

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As of December 31, 2025, future amortization expense is expected to be as follows (in thousands):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Year Ending December 31,** | |
| 2026 | $11936 |
| 2027 | 10935 |
| 2028 | 9290 |
| 2029 | 6358 |
| 2030 | 2153 |
| Thereafter | 153 |
| Total | $40825 |

---

**Note 9. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities**

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Accrued compensation | $5436 | $3620 |
| ESPP withholding | 371 | 485 |
| Accrued expenses | 1815 | 1457 |
| Accrued value-added tax | 1225 | 1139 |
| Other | 559 | 883 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $9406 | $7584 |

---

**Note 10. Leases**

***Finance Leases***

The Company generally enters into finance lease arrangements to obtain hard drives and other infrastructure equipment for its data center operations. The term of these agreements primarily range from three to five years and certain of these arrangements have optional renewals to extend the term of the lease generally at a fixed price. Finance leases are generally secured by the underlying leased equipment. The Company's finance leases have original lease periods expiring between 2026 and 2030. Finance lease right-of-use assets are included in property and equipment, net on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

***Operating Leases***

The Company leases data center spaces and office space under non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates. Certain lease agreements include renewal options to extend the lease term at a price to be determined upon exercise. These options are not reasonably certain to be exercised and therefore are not factored into the determination of lease payments. Contingent rental payments are generally not included in the Company's lease agreements. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company's leases have original lease periods expiring between 2026 and 2033.

***Summary of Lease Information***

The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | **Operating leases** | **Finance Leases**<sup>(1)</sup> | **Operating leases** | **Finance Leases**<sup>(1)</sup> |
| Remaining lease term | 5.4 years | 2.5 years | 4.4 years | 1.9 years |
| Discount rate | 6.9% | 12.6% | 7.2% | 11.9% |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> Includes lease financing obligation costs.

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The following table presents the components of lease expense (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024**<sup>(1)</sup> | **2023**<sup>(1)</sup> |
| Finance lease costs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation expense<sup>(2)</sup> | $9131 | $12674 | $14059 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | $3407 | $2444 | $2827 |
| Lease financing obligation costs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation expense<sup>(2)</sup> | $1307 | $2664 | $1366 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | $229 | $675 | $409 |
| Operating lease costs |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rental expense related to lease components | $5920 | $3397 | $3128 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rental expense related to non-lease components<sup>(3)</sup> | 4340 | 5010 | 4999 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Variable lease costs | 4358 | 4086 | 1798 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Short term lease costs |  |  | 716 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating lease costs | $14618 | $12493 | $10641 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total included in cost of revenue | $13879 | $11384 | $9063 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total included in general and administrative | $739 | $1109 | $1578 |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> The presentation of prior period data has been revised to conform to current year presentation. There have been no changes to the reported amounts, rather certain amounts have been disaggregated to further improve clarity and transparency.

<sup>(2)</sup> Substantially all of the depreciation expense on assets acquired through the Company's finance leases and lease financing obligations is included in cost of revenue in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

<sup>(3)</sup> Non-lease components are related to non-tangible utilities and services used in the Company's co-location lease agreements, which are not recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company used judgment and third-party data in determining the stand-alone price for allocating consideration to lease and non-lease components under these lease agreements, such as the price of utilities as compared to its tangible data center footprint within each facility.

The following table presents supplemental cash flow information relating to the Company's leases (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Operating cash flows |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for interest on finance lease and lease financing obligations | $3734 | $3119 | $3236 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for operating lease liabilities | $5636 | $4012 | $2801 |
| Non-cash items |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equipment acquired through finance leases | $24864 | $17105 | $13094 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations | $12674 | $9206 | $5448 |

---

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into two sale-leaseback arrangements with vendors to provide an aggregate of $4.5 million in cash proceeds for previously purchased hard drives and related equipment. The Company concluded the related lease arrangements would be classified as a lease financing obligation as the Company was reasonably certain to exercise the purchase option within the arrangement. Therefore, the transaction was deemed a failed sale-leaseback and was accounted for as a financing arrangement. The assets continue to be depreciated over their useful lives, and payments are allocated between interest expense and repayment of the financing liability. The Company did not enter into any sale-leaseback arrangements during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

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The future minimum commitments for finance leases and lease financing obligations as of December 31, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Year Ending December 31,** | **Finance leases** | **Lease financing obligations** | **Total** |
| 2026 | $17986 | $487 | $18473 |
| 2027 | 13672 |  | 13672 |
| 2028 | 5856 |  | 5856 |
| 2029 | 4997 |  | 4997 |
| 2030 | 84 |  | 84 |
| Total future minimum commitments | 42595 | 487 | 43082 |
| Less imputed interest | (6893) | (24) | (6917) |
| Total | $35702 | $463 | $36165 |

---

As of December 31, 2025, the Company's future minimum obligations for operating leases and non-cancellable contractual commitments related to non-lease components were as follows (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Year Ending December 31,** | **Operating leases** | **Non-lease components** | **Total** |
| 2026 | $6780 | $3886 | $10666 |
| 2027 | 5604 | 3075 | 8679 |
| 2028 | 5265 | 3081 | 8346 |
| 2029 | 4162 | 2559 | 6721 |
| 2030 | 3163 | 1352 | 4515 |
| Thereafter | 5525 | 109 | 5634 |
| Total future minimum commitments | 30499 | $14062 | $44561 |
| Less imputed interest | (5080) |  |  |
| Total | $25419 |  |  |

---

In June 2025, the Company amended an existing lease for a data center facility to (i) extend the non-cancellable term of the original lease and (ii) expand into additional infrastructure designed to support multiple-storage offerings. This expansion is expected to commence in the second quarter of 2026 and includes a non-cancellable lease term of approximately 7 years. The original lease term was also extended to align with this period.

The Company concluded that the multi-storage data center space represents a separate asset class from the Company's existing co-location data center space. As a result, the lease and non-lease components related to this expanded space are combined in accordance with the Company's established lease accounting policy.

The Company accounted for the lease amendment as a modification under ASC 842. The amendment consists of two components: (i) an extension of the original lease term, which was remeasured as of the modification date, and (ii) a lease for additional, distinct space, which will be accounted for as a separate lease component and measured at its commencement date in the second quarter of 2026. The Company applied an incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") of 6.8% to remeasure the lease liability. The IBR was estimated based on current market rates for secured borrowings with similar terms and adjusted for the Company's credit profile. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $17.5 million of future minimum undiscounted lease payments related to the expanded lease space, which has not yet commenced and, accordingly, is not included in the operating lease commitments table above.

**Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies** 

***Contractual Commitments***

Other non-cancellable commitments relate mainly to service agreements to support the Company's operations. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had non-cancelable purchase commitments of $2.5 million, $2.2 million, and $0.8 million payable during the years ending December 31, 2026, 2027, and 2028, respectively.

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During 2024, the Company made payments of $0.2 million to a related party, Meaningful Works, for marketing services per terms of an agreement. An executive officer of Meaningful Works is an immediate family member of the Company's CEO. As of December 31, 2024, the scope of services has been completed per terms of the agreement.

***401(k) Plan***

The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering all eligible U.S. employees. Contributions to the 401(k) plan are discretionary. The Company contributed $1.9 million, $2.0 million, and $1.9 million to the 401(k) plan for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

***Legal Matters***

The Company is involved from time to time in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Where appropriate, the Company establishes accruals for matters that are both probable and reasonably estimable and generally maintains insurance to cover certain types of litigation claims, subject to policy limits, retentions and deductibles, and other factors. As of December 31, 2025, the Company was not subject to any claims that are expected to have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Nonetheless, the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain, any such matters, individually or in the aggregate, could result in adverse impacts on the Company, including defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors.

***Indemnification***

The Company enters into indemnification provisions under agreements with other parties from time to time in the ordinary course of business. These agreements may require the Company to indemnify and defend the indemnified party against third-party claims arising from the Company's activities or from any breaches of representations or warranties made by the Company. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs or losses in connection with such indemnification obligations. However, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the unique facts and circumstances of each arrangement. As a result, the Company has not recorded any liabilities related to these obligations in its consolidated financial statements as of the periods presented.

**Note 12. Debt**

***Revolving Credit Facility***

On June 4, 2025, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Citizens Bank, N.A. (the "Lender"), establishing a senior secured revolving credit facility with a total borrowing capacity of up to $20.0 million (the "Revolving Credit Facility") to be used for general corporate purposes and working capital needs. The Revolving Credit Facility allows for borrowings, repayments, and re-borrowings up to the total capacity, subject to compliance with the terms of the Credit Agreement. The Revolving Credit Facility includes a sub-limit of up to $3.0 million for the issuance of letters of credit. The Credit Agreement is scheduled to mature on June 4, 2027, at which point all obligations become due. The Credit Agreement includes an option that allows the Company to extend the maturity date by one year, subject to certain conditions. The Company incurred $0.6 million of deferred financing costs related to the Revolving Credit Facility, which are amortized on a straight-line basis over the facility's two-year term and recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025.

The Revolving Credit Facility is secured by a first-priority lien on substantially all assets of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, each of which also guarantees the obligations under the facility. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a variable rate, at the Company's discretion, equal to either (a) the average Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 3.25% or (b) a base rate, as defined in the Credit Agreement, plus 2.25%. Additionally, the Credit Agreement requires the payment of a commitment fee of 0.35% on the unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility and a letter of credit availability fee of 0.125% on outstanding letters of credit.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2025, no letters of credit were outstanding and $20.0 million was available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility. The fair value (level 2 of the fair value hierarchy described in Note 2) of this debt instrument

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approximates the carrying value as borrowings under this debt instrument are based on a current variable market interest rate.

***Debt Covenants under the Credit Agreement***

The Credit Agreement contains customary restrictive financial and operating covenants, including limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends, make certain investments, sell assets, and engage in other specified transactions. In August 2025, in connection with the establishment of a new share repurchase program (see Note 11 for further information), the Company amended the Credit Agreement to permit share repurchases of up to $10.0 million, thereby excluding such repurchases from the covenant restrictions. The Credit Agreement also requires the Company to comply with the following financial covenants on a quarterly basis: (i) a minimum liquidity of $10.0 million held on deposit with the Lender, over which the Company retains control and considers as cash and cash equivalents, (ii) a minimum consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") (as defined below) threshold, and (iii) a maximum total leverage ratio of 2.75 to 1.00, which is calculated based on consolidated EBITDA.

The Credit Agreement defines consolidated EBITDA on a trailing four fiscal quarter basis and includes specified adjustments and exclusions. As a result, EBITDA as defined under the Credit Agreement may differ materially from Adjusted EBITDA as presented elsewhere in this report. For example, the calculation of EBITDA under the Credit Agreement includes exceptions and caps related to adjustments for (i) restructuring and other strategic initiatives, (ii) legal settlements, (iii) completed acquisitions, and (iv) all other non-cash and non-specified non-recurring charges. As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under the Credit Agreement.

***RCA Debt Facility***

In December 2023, the Company entered into a fourth amendment related to the revolving credit agreement (as amended, the "RCA") with City National Bank. Under this amendment, the maximum borrowing available was reduced from $30.0 million to $20.0 million.

On December 10, 2024, the Company voluntarily terminated the RCA agreement. At the time of termination, no amounts were outstanding under the RCA, as the Company had fully paid down the revolving credit amount following the closing of the Follow-On Offering in November 2024.

Total interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs related to the RCA was $0.7 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

***Insurance Premium Financing Agreement***

In November 2023, the Company entered into an insurance policy with annual premiums totaling $1.2 million. The Company executed a finance agreement with AFCO Premium Credit LLC over a term of twelve months to finance the payment of the total premiums owed. The finance agreement required a $0.3 million down payment, with the remaining $0.9 million plus interest paid over three quarterly installments. As of December 31, 2024, the balance was paid in full. Total interest expense related to this agreement was a nominal amount for the year ended December 31, 2024.

**Note 13. Stockholders' Equity**

***Common Stock***

From the time of its initial public offering through July 5, 2023, the Company had two outstanding classes of common stock, Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock were identical, except for voting, transfer, and conversion rights. On July 6, 2023, all of the Company's then-outstanding shares of the Company's Class B common stock were automatically converted (the "Conversion") into the same number of shares of Class A common stock pursuant to the terms of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. No additional shares of Class B common stock will be issued following the Conversion. In addition, on July 7, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Retirement with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware effecting the retirement of the shares of Class B common stock that were issued but no longer outstanding following the Conversion.

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***Equity Incentive Plans***

*2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2011 Plan")*

The Company adopted the 2011 Plan to provide stock-based awards to employees, directors, and service providers. The 2011 Plan expired in September 2021, and no new awards may be granted under it. Awards granted before expiration remain outstanding and continue to be governed by the terms of the 2011 Plan until they are exercised, forfeited, or expire. Shares that are forfeited, canceled, or expire become available for issuance under the Company's 2021 Equity Incentive Plan.

*2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan")*

Under the 2021 Plan, the Company may grant options, stock appreciation rights, RSUs, restricted stock awards, other equity-based awards and incentive bonuses to employees, officers, non-employee directors and other service providers of the Company and its affiliates.

The number of shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan automatically increases on January 1 of each year from 2022 through 2031 by an amount equal to the lesser of: (i) 4,784,100 shares, (ii) 5% of the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding on the preceding December 31, or (iii) a smaller number of shares determined by the Company's Board of Directors.

*2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "2021 ESPP")*

The number of shares available for issuance under the 2021 ESPP automatically increases on January 1 of each year from 2022 through 2041 in an amount equal to the lesser of: (i) 1,913,630 shares, (ii) 2% of the total number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding on the preceding December 31, or (iii) a smaller number of shares determined by the Company's Board of Directors.

*2024 New Employee Equity Incentive Plan (the "Inducement Plan")*

On August 2, 2024, the Company adopted the Inducement Plan, pursuant to which the Company reserved 414,740 shares of its Class A common stock to be used exclusively for grants of equity-based awards to individuals who were not previously employees or directors of the Company.

***Reserved Shares for Future Issuance***

The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2025** |
| 2011 Equity Incentive Plan |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares subject to options outstanding | 3501410 |
| 2021 Equity Incentive Plan |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares subject to options outstanding | 996615 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted stock units outstanding | 4325318 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares available for future grants | 6625371 |
| 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares available for future purchases | 1413677 |
| 2024 Inducement Plan |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted stock units outstanding | 283759 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares available for future grants | 48148 |
| Total | 17194298 |

---

***Share Repurchase Program***

In August 2025, the Company's Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $10.0 million of its Class A common stock through August 1, 2026. The program is intended to offset dilution resulting from stock-based compensation. Repurchases are to be funded from the proceeds of employee stock option exercises and from employee contributions under the 2021 ESPP.

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Repurchases may be made from time to time in open market transactions, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, or through other means, in accordance with Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The timing, number of shares repurchased, and prices paid for the shares under this program will depend on general business and market conditions as well as corporate and regulatory limitations, prevailing stock prices, and other considerations. The share repurchase program may be suspended, modified, or discontinued at any time and does not obligate the Company to acquire any amount of Class A common stock.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company repurchased a total of 256,549 shares of its Class A common stock for $2.0 million. As of December 31, 2025, approximately $8.0 million remained available for repurchases under the program.

**Note 14. Stock-Based Compensation**

***Restricted Stock Units***

RSUs granted under the 2021 Plan and the Inducement Plan generally vest based on continued service up to a four-year period for employees, and over a one-year period for non-employee directors.

RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 was as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Shares** | **Weighted-average grant date fair value per share** |
| RSUs unvested as of December 31, 2024 | 4764133 | $6.18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 4303690 | $6.65 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vested | (3388866) | $6.30 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Forfeited | (1069880) | $6.56 |
| RSUs unvested as of December 31, 2025 | 4609077 | $6.44 |

---

The weighted-average grant date fair values per unit of RSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, were $6.65, $6.97 and $5.06, respectively. The total grant date fair values of RSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, were $21.3 million, $23.3 million and $15.8 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2025, total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs was $26.9 million, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.02 years.

In February 2026, the Company's Compensation Committee approved the issuance of RSUs totaling 2,036,670. These RSUs have service-based vesting periods that are satisfied over three years. The Company expects to recognize $8.9 million in stock-based compensation on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of these awards.

***Bonus Plan***

The Company maintains an annual bonus program under which bonus awards are contingent upon the achievement of corporate performance targets and are settled in RSUs issued under the Company's 2021 Plan. Bonus amounts represent fixed monetary values that are settled in a variable number of RSUs based on the Company's stock price at the date of settlement. Participants must remain employed with the Company through the payout date to maintain eligibility for bonus awards. The requisite service period for these awards begins on the date the Compensation Committee approves the bonus plan and ends on the payout date.

In February 2025, the Compensation Committee approved the issuance of 301,571 RSUs, which vested upon issuance, related to bonus awards earned based on actual corporate performance for the year ended December 31, 2024. In January 2025, the Compensation Committee approved the bonus plan for the year ended December 31, 2025. While the bonus program for 2025 initially contemplated settlement in a combination of cash and RSUs, the Compensation Committee subsequently determined that bonus awards for the period would be settled entirely in RSUs. In February 2026, the Compensation Committee approved the issuance of RSUs with an aggregate grant-date fair value of approximately $4.1 million in settlement of bonus awards earned based on actual corporate performance for the year ended December 31, 2025. Upon issuance, 689,790 RSUs vested and were settled on a net share basis.

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Pursuant to the bonus plans, the Company recognized $3.8 million, $2.2 million, and $3.0 million in stock-based compensation during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, of which the Company capitalized $0.3 million of stock-based compensation expense during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, and $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 for the development of internal-use software.

***Stock Options***

Stock options granted under the equity plans generally vest based on continued service over four years and expire ten years from the date of grant.

A summary of stock option award activity under the Company's equity plans and related information is as follows (in thousands, except share, price and year data):

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Outstanding stock options** | **Weighted-<br>average<br>exercise<br>Price** | **Weighted-<br>average<br>remaining<br>contractual<br>life (years)** | **Aggregate<br>intrinsic<br>value** |
| **Balance as of December 31, 2024** | 6378753 | $7.28 | 4.95 | $12136 |
| Options granted |  |  |  |  |
| Options exercised | (1580237) | 3.33 |  |  |
| Options cancelled | (300491) | 11.13 |  |  |
| **Balance as of December 31, 2025**  | 4498025 | $8.42 | 4.19 | $3818 |
| **Vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2025**  | 4498025 | $8.42 | 4.19 | $3818 |

---

The intrinsic value of options exercised was $5.4 million, $13.9 million, and $8.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. There was no unrecognized compensation cost as of December 31, 2025.

***ESPP***

The Company maintains an ESPP under which eligible employees may purchase shares of the Company's Class A common stock through payroll deductions, subject to IRS and plan limitations. Offering periods last 24 months and include purchase dates at six-month intervals. Shares are purchased at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the stock at the beginning of the offering period or on the applicable purchase date. If the fair market value of the Company's Class A common stock on a purchase date is lower than the fair market value at the beginning of the offering period, the offering period is automatically reset and participants are enrolled in a new offering period, resulting in incremental modification expense recognized in stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the new offering period. The reset provision under the ESPP was triggered on November 20, 2025, May 20, 2025, and November 20, 2024 each resulting in incremental modification expense of $0.8 million, $1.0 million, and $0.2 million. The ESPP will terminate in November 2041, unless extended by the Board of Directors in accordance with its terms.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense under this plan of $2.2 million, $1.6 million, and $4.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, of which $0.3 million, $0.5 million, and $0.8 million, respectively, was capitalized for the development of capitalized internal-use software.

As of December 31, 2025, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP was $2.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.79 years.

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The following table summarizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the ESPP stock purchase rights for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Expected term (in years) | 0.5 - 2.0 | 0.5 - 2.0 | 0.5 - 2.0 |
| Expected volatility | 61% - 85% | 48% - 74% | 46% - 64% |
| Risk-free interest rate | 3.55% - 4.32% | 4.31% - 5.43% | 4.29% - 5.43% |
| Expected dividend yield | —% | —% | —% |

---

***Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense***

Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was as follows (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Cost of revenue | $1557 | $1907 | $1986 |
| Research and development | 12094 | 11277 | 9218 |
| Sales and marketing | 6130 | 9505 | 8801 |
| General and administrative | 6655 | 5939 | 5172 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total stock-based compensation expense<sup>(1)</sup> | $26436 | $28628 | $25177 |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> Stock-based compensation expense includes restructuring charges of $2.5 million incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024, including $0.3 million related to cost of revenue, $0.9 million related to research and development costs, $1.2 million related to sales and marketing costs, and $0.1 million related to general and administrative costs. Stock-based compensation expense includes restructuring charges of $0.1 million incurred during the year ended December 31, 2023, which were related to sales and marketing and general and administrative costs. Nominal stock-based compensation expense related to restructuring was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2025. See Note 16 for additional information.

During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 the Company capitalized $2.6 million, $4.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation for the development of capitalized internal-use software and property and equipment.

Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Compensation Committee approved amendments to outstanding vested stock options held by certain former employees in connection with their voluntary separation from the Company to extend the option expiration and also accelerate the vesting of RSUs. As a result of the modifications, the Company recognized $1.1 million of expense, of which $0.8 million is recorded in sales and marketing and $0.3 million is recorded in general and administrative expense on the Company's consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

**Note 15. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders**

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents during the period. For purposes of this calculation, the Company's stock options, share purchase rights pursuant to the Company's ESPP, shares issuable under the Bonus Plan, and unvested RSUs are considered to be potential common stock equivalents, but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is antidilutive.

On July 6, 2023, all of the Company's then-outstanding shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, were automatically converted into the same number of shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, pursuant to the terms of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the "Conversion"). No additional shares of Class B common stock will be issued following the conversion. In addition, on July 7, 2023, the Company filed a Certificate of Retirement with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware effecting the retirement of the shares of Class B common stock that were issued but no longer outstanding following the Conversion.

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Prior to the Conversion, Class A and Class B common stock were the only outstanding equity in the Company. The rights of the holders of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock were identical, except with respect to voting, transfer, and conversion. Accordingly, the Class A common stock and Class B common stock shared equally in the Company's net losses.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Numerator: |  |  |  |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders | $(25612) | $(48531) | $(59713) |
| Denominator for basic and diluted net loss per share: |  |  |  |
| Weighted average Class A and Class B common shares outstanding – basic and diluted | 56209667 | 43543023 | 36011446 |
| Net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders – basic and diluted | $(0.46) | $(1.11) | $(1.66) |

---

The weighted average potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| RSUs | 2445618 | 2245142 | 5256833 |
| Stock options | 3709619 | 5193911 | 9307142 |
| Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP | 1286191 | 191271 | 101430 |
| Bonus Plan | 277014 | 152636 | 106147 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | 7718442 | 7782960 | 14771552 |

---

**Note 16. Restructuring**

***2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan***

In November 2025, the Company initiated a restructuring and transformation plan designed primarily to improve efficiency and enhance the performance of its sales and marketing functions to support its go-to-market initiatives (the "2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan"). The 2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan includes the reallocation of resources, the redesign of sales and marketing strategies and processes, and other corporate actions. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company incurred charges of approximately $2.5 million, including employee termination expenses, an impairment charge related to the Company's exit from its corporate headquarters facility, and other transformation costs. The Company expects to incur additional charges of approximately $4.7 million to $7.5 million through the first quarter of 2027, at which time the 2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan is expected to be completed. These charges include estimated employee termination expenses of approximately $0.8 million to $1.2 million, and other business transformation costs.

Restructuring costs related to the 2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan for the year ended December 31, 2025 were as follows (in thousands):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Workforce reduction | $970 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Impairment loss on right-of-use asset | 901 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other transformation costs | 667 |
| Total restructuring costs | $2538 |

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The following table summarizes liabilities incurred under the 2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan that are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Workforce Reduction** | **Transformation** | **Total** |
| Balance as of January 1, 2025 | $— | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charges incurred | 970 | 667 | 1637 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Noncash charges |  | (109) | (109) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash payments during the period | (460) | (393) | (853) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $510 | $165 | $675 |

---

***2024 Restructuring Plan***

In November 2024, management approved a restructuring plan intended to improve the Company's cost structure and operating efficiency (the "2024 Restructuring Plan"). The 2024 Restructuring Plan included a reduction in headcount of approximately 12% of the Company's workforce and a reduction of the Company's footprint at its corporate headquarters. The 2024 Restructuring Plan was substantially completed by December 31, 2024.

Restructuring costs related to the 2024 Restructuring Plan for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and from inception to date were as follows (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended<br>December 31, 2025** | **Year Ended<br>December 31, 2024** | **Inception to Date** |
| | **Year Ended<br>December 31, 2025** | **Year Ended<br>December 31, 2024** | **Inception to Date** |
| Workforce reduction | $(125) | $3897 | $3772 |
| Impairment loss on right-of-use asset | 59 | 898 | 957 |
| Professional fees |  | 66 | 66 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $(66) | $4861 | $4795 |

---

The majority of the workforce reduction costs incurred in connection with the 2024 Restructuring Plan were related to noncash stock-based compensation. The Company accelerated certain of the RSUs awarded to employees impacted by the 2024 Restructuring Plan and also extended certain of the employees' options to satisfy the settlement of termination benefits to impacted employees. The workforce reduction costs related to the noncash stock-based compensation amounted to $2.5 million, of which $2.1 million related to the acceleration of RSUs and $0.4 million related to the extension of options.

The following table presents a summary of the liabilities related to the 2024 Restructuring Plan that are included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet (in thousands):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Balance as of January 1, 2024 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Charges incurred | 3928 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Noncash stock-based compensation | (2524) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash payments during the period | (1049) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | 355 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash payments during the period | (230) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other adjustments | (125) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $— |

---

***2023 Restructuring Plan***

In January 2023, the Company initiated measures to reduce headcount to pursue greater cost efficiency and align strategic initiatives (the "2023 Restructuring Plan"). All costs under the 2023 Restructuring Plan were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2023 for workforce reduction costs totaling $3.6 million. During this period, approximately 1% of the

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Company's workforce terminated employment voluntarily and 4% terminated employment involuntarily. As a result, the Company incurred employee termination expenses and other associated costs.

The following table presents a summary of the liabilities related to the 2023 Restructuring Plan (in thousands):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Balance as of January 1, 2023 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Severance and other personnel costs | 3616 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash payments during the period | (3616) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $— |

---

***Cumulative Restructuring Costs***

Total restructuring costs related to the Company's restructuring plans were reported in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Restructuring Costs** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of revenue | $115 | $460 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 285 | 1278 | 2311 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 687 | 1867 | 1025 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 1385 | 1256 | 280 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $2472 | $4861 | $3616 |

---

The following table presents the stock-based compensation costs related to our restructuring activity as reported in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| **Stock-based Compensation** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of revenue | $— | $291 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development |  | 885 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sales and marketing | 11 | 1225 | 80 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative |  | 123 | 45 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $11 | $2524 | $125 |

---

**Note 17. Segment Reporting** 

***Measure of Segment Assets***

The CODM reviews asset information on a consolidated basis; accordingly, the measure of segment assets is total consolidated assets as reported on the consolidated balance sheet.

***Measure of Segment Profit or Loss***

The key GAAP measure of segment profit or loss utilized by the CODM is consolidated net income (loss), which is presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and is used to monitor budget versus actual results.

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***Significant Segment Expenses***

The CODM also evaluates operating performance using adjusted research and development, adjusted sales and marketing, and adjusted general and administrative (collectively, "adjusted operating expenses") that we define as each respective GAAP expense category excluding stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization, restructuring costs, and other non-recurring charges. These adjusted operating expense measures provides the CODM with greater transparency into the underlying trends in our business by facilitating period-to-period comparisons of our ongoing cost structure, excluding the impact of certain non-cash or non-recurring items that may not be indicative of our operating performance. These measures are intended to assist in forecasting and budgeting, in order to inform resource-allocation decisions. The table below presents each adjusted operating expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 as well as the items excluded from each adjusted measure (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Revenue | $145835 | $127628 | $102019 |
| Adjusted cost of revenue | 30234 | 28448 | 25845 |
| Adjusted research and development | 33302 | 30166 | 27505 |
| Adjusted sales and marketing | 30474 | 34103 | 31335 |
| Adjusted general and administrative | 20061 | 21875 | 21304 |
| Depreciation | 15085 | 21329 | 21286 |
| Amortization<sup>(1)</sup> | 10408 | 6999 | 3626 |
| Stock-based compensation<sup>(2)</sup> | 26425 | 26104 | 25052 |
| Restructuring costs | 2472 | 4861 | 3616 |
| Other segment items<sup>(3)</sup> | 2986 | 2274 | 2163 |
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $(25612) | $(48531) | $(59713) |

---

________________

<sup>(1)</sup> $0.1 million of amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 is classified as restructuring charges in the table above, as these charges were incurred as part of our 2025 Restructuring and Transformation Plan.

<sup>(2)</sup> $2.5 million and $0.1 million of stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, as well as a nominal amount for the year ended December 31, 2025, are classified as restructuring charges in the table above.

<sup>(3)</sup> Other segment items include investment income, interest expense, foreign exchange (gain) loss, legal settlement costs, impairment of long-lived assets, and income tax provision.

**Note 18. Income Taxes**

The following table presents the components of net loss before income taxes (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| United States | $(25628) | $(48656) | $(59713) |
| Non-U.S. | 100 | 131 |  |
| Loss before provision for income taxes | $(25528) | $(48525) | $(59713) |

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The provision for income taxes included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is comprised of the following (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Current |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal | $— | $— | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;State | 56 | 6 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-U.S. | 28 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current | 84 | 6 |  |
| Deferred: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;State |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-U.S. |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total deferred |  |  |  |
| Total provision | $84 | $6 | $— |

---

The following table presents a reconciliation of the statutory federal rate of 21% and the Company's effective tax rate:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Statutory federal income (benefit) rate | (21)% | (21)% | (21)% |
| Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;State income tax rate | (3)% | (4)% | (4)% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in valuation allowance | 29% | 37% | 29% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 3% | (4)% | 2% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tax credits | (7)% | (7)% | (6)% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other | (1)% | —% | —% |
| Effective tax rate | —% | —% | —% |

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Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

The components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of (in thousands):

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards | $42537 | $31417 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;R&D credit carryforwards | 15710 | 13829 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 2635 | 2646 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and experimental expenditures under IRC Section 174 | 13523 | 19382 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lease liabilities | 6219 | 4189 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Disallowed interest expense | 3965 | 3438 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accruals and other | 1461 | 1335 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total gross deferred tax assets | 86050 | 76236 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Valuation allowance | (69974) | (62492) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total net deferred tax assets | 16076 | 13744 |
| Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Property and equipment, net  | (2012) | (1024) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right of use assets, net | (5602) | (3936) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Capitalized internal-use software | (8462) | (8784) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total deferred tax liabilities | (16076) | (13744) |
| Net deferred tax liabilities | $— | $— |

---

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, if any, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. Based on evidence of Company's earnings history, the net U.S. deferred tax assets have been fully offset by a valuation allowance.

The valuation allowance increased by $7.5 million, $17.9 million, and $17.6 million during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had federal and state NOL carryforwards of $172.5 million and $109.7 million, respectively. The federal NOL carryforwards consisted of $16.0 million generated before January 1, 2018, which will begin to expire in 2030 and are able to offset 100% of taxable income. The NOLs generated after December 31, 2017 of $156.5 million carryforward indefinitely, and can only offset 80% of taxable income when utilized with exception of NOLs generated in 2018 to 2020 which carryforward indefinitely and can offset 100% of taxable income for tax years beginning before January 1, 2021, as provided by the CARES Act.

State net operating loss carryforwards in the amount of $90.6 million begin expiring in 2029 and approximately $19.1 million have an indefinite life.

The Company has federal research and development ("R&D") credit carryforwards of $13.1 million which will begin to expire in 2032 and California R&D credit carryforwards of $6.6 million which do not expire. The Company also has $0.1 million of California enterprise zone credits which will begin to expire in 2028.

Utilization of some of the federal and state net operating loss and credit carryforwards are subject to annual limitations due to the "change in ownership" provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (specifically Section 382), as amended, and similar state provisions. The Company performed a Section 382 analysis through December 31, 2024 and determined that ownership changes occurred in the year 2007, 2009, 2012, and 2024. The ownership changes identified had no significant

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impact on federal and state net operating losses. The annual limitations may result in the expiration of net operating losses and credits before utilization in the future.

***Uncertain Income Tax Positions***

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** | **For the Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Balance at beginning of year | $2467 | $1889 | $1239 |
| Tax positions related to the current year: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additions | 316 | 628 | 649 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reductions |  |  |  |
| Tax positions related to the prior year: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additions | 20 |  | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reductions |  | (50) |  |
| Balance at end of year | $2803 | $2467 | $1889 |

---

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2025 was $2.8 million, all related to federal and state tax jurisdictions. If recognized, these unrecognized tax benefits would not affect the effective tax rate because the Company maintains a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had no interest related to unrecognized tax benefits. No amounts of penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits were recognized in the provision for income taxes. The Company does not anticipate any significant change within twelve months of this reporting date.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. The Company is subject to U.S. federal and state income tax examination for calendar tax years beginning in 2007 due to NOLs that are being carried forward for tax purposes.

**Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures**

None.

**Item 9A. Controls and Procedures**

***Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures***

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2025.

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***Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting***

This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm due to an exemption for "emerging growth companies."

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.

Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025 based on the criteria described in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

Based on this assessment, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025.

***Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls***

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

***Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting***

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

**Item 9B. Other Information**

***Trading Arrangements***

During the Company's last fiscal quarter, none of the Company's directors and officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated contracts, instructions or written plans for the purchase or sale of the Company's securities pursuant to Rule 10b5-1.

**Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction That Prevent Inspections**

Not applicable.

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**Part III**

**Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance**

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

**Item 11. Executive Compensation**

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

**Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owner and Management and Related Stockholder Matters**

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

**Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence**

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

**Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services**

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

------

**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**Part IV**

**Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules**

(a) (1) Financial Statements. We have filed the consolidated financial statements listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements, Schedules, and Exhibits included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(2) Financial Statement Schedules. All financial statement schedules have been omitted because the information required to be presented in them is not applicable or is shown in the financial statements or related notes, which is incorporated herein by reference.

(3) Exhibits*.* The following exhibits are included herein or incorporated herein by reference:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | |
| **Exhibit<br>Number** | **Description** | **Form** | **File No.** | **Exhibit** | **Filing Date** | **Filed Herewith** |
| 3.1 | <u>[Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, as amended and currently in effect.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000146205623000190/ex31blze10-q20230630.htm)</u> | 10-Q | 001-41026 | 3.1 | 08/14/2023 |  |
| 3.2 | <u>[Amended and Restated Bylaws](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000146205624000065/ex31-blzebylawsasamended.htm)</u> | 8-K | 001-41026 | 3.1 | 12/11/2024 |  |
| 3.3 | <u>[Certificate of Retirement](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000146205623000173/a31certificateofretirement.htm)</u> | 8-K | 001-41026 | 3.1 | 07/10/2023 |  |
| 4.1 | <u>[Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act of 1934](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828022007434/ex41blze10-k20211231.htm)</u> | 10-K | 001-41026 | 4.1 | 03/28/2022 |  |
| 10.1 | <u>[Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between the Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001462056/000119312521301141/d62601dex101.htm)</u> | S-1 | 333-260333 | 10.1 | 10/18/2021 |  |
| 10.2+ | <u>[2011 Stock Plan, as amended, and forms of agreements thereunder.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001462056/000119312521301141/d62601dex102.htm)</u> | S-1 | 333-260333 | 10.2 | 10/18/2021 |  |
| 10.3+ | <u>[Amended and Restated 2021 Equity Incentive Plan and form of agreements thereunder](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000146205624000033/a103amendedandrestated2021.htm)</u> | 10-K | 001-41026 | 10.3 | 04/01/2024 |  |
| 10.4+ | <u>[2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000119312521316078/d62601dex104.htm)</u> | S-1 | 333-260333 | 10.4 | 11/02/2021 |  |
| 10.5+ | <u>[Offer Letter, dated](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828024036099/ex101blze20240630earningsp.htm)[July](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828024036099/ex101blze20240630earningsp.htm)[9](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828024036099/ex101blze20240630earningsp.htm)[,](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828024036099/ex101blze20240630earningsp.htm)[2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828024036099/ex101blze20240630earningsp.htm)[, by and between the Company and](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828024036099/ex101blze20240630earningsp.htm)[Marc Suidan](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828024036099/ex101blze20240630earningsp.htm)[.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828024036099/ex101blze20240630earningsp.htm)</u> | 8-K | 001-41026 | 10.1 | 08/08/2024 |  |
| 10.6 | <u>[Backblaze, Inc. 2024 New Employee Equity Incentive Plan and forms of agreement thereunder](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828024039698/ex991backblaze-2024newempl.htm)</u> | S-8 | 333-281983 | 10.11 | 09/06/2024 |  |
| 10.7 | <u>[Credit Agreement, dated June 4, 2025, between Backblaze, Inc. and Citizens Bank, N.A.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828025029519/exhibit1012025creditagreem.htm)</u> | 8-K | 001-41026 | 10.1 | 06/05/2025 |  |
| 10.8 | <u>[First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated August 1, 2025, between Backblaze, Inc. and Citizens Bank, N.A.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000162828025038582/ex101-debtamendment0725.htm)</u> | 8-K | 001-41026 | 10.1 | 08/07/2025 |  |
| 19.1 | <u>[Insider Trading Policy](ex191insidertradingpolicy.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 21.1 | <u>[List of Subsidiaries of Backblaze, Inc.](ex211blze10-k20251231.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 23.1 | <u>[Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.](ex231blze20251231xdeloitte.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 23.2 | <u>[Consent of BDO USA, P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.](ex232blze20251231xbdo10xk.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 24.1 | <u>[Power of Attorney (](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_199)[contained](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_199)[on signature page](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_199)[to](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_199)[this report](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_199)[)](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_199)[.](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_199)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 31.1 | <u>[Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex311blze10-k20251231.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 31.2 | <u>[Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex312blze10-k20251231.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 32.1\* | <u>[Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex321blze10-k20251231.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 32.2\* | <u>[Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex322blze10-k20251231.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |

---

------

**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 97.1 | <u>[Policy relating to recovery of erroneously awarded compensation, as required by applicable listing standards adopted pursuant to 17 CFR 240.10D-1](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462056/000146205624000033/ex971blze10-k20231231.htm)</u> | 10-K | 001-41026 | 97.1 | 04/01/2024 |  |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |  |  |  | X |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |  |  |  |  | X |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  | X |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  | X |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  | X |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |  |  |  |  | X |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |  |  |  |  | X |

---

_______________

\*The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Backblaze, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

+Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or agreement.

† Pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K, certain exhibits and schedules to this agreement have been omitted. The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon its request, any or all of such omitted exhibits and/or schedules.

(b)Exhibits. See Item 15(a)(3) above.

(c)Financial Statement Schedules. See Item 15(a)(2) above.

**Item 16. Form 10-K Summary**

Not Applicable.

------

**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i2e71b49da1fe488e88162a7ca074430a_7)</u>**

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this 10th day of March 2026.

---

| |
|:---|
| **Backblaze, Inc.** |
| /s/ Gleb Budman |
| Gleb Budman<br>Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson |

---

**POWER OF ATTORNEY**

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Gleb Budman and Marc Suidan, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the SEC, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Signature** | **Title** | **Date** |
| /s/ Gleb Budman | Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson<br>*(Principal Executive Officer)* | March 10, 2026 |
| Gleb Budman | Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson<br>*(Principal Executive Officer)* | March 10, 2026 |
| /s/ Marc Suidan | Chief Financial Officer<br>*(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)* | March 10, 2026 |
| Marc Suidan | Chief Financial Officer<br>*(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)* | March 10, 2026 |
| /s/ Jocelyn Carter-Miller | Director | March 10, 2026 |
| Jocelyn Carter-Miller | Director | March 10, 2026 |
| /s/ Barbara Nelson | Director | March 10, 2026 |
| Barbara Nelson | Director | March 10, 2026 |
| /s/ Earl E. Fry | Director | March 10, 2026 |
| Earl E. Fry | Director | March 10, 2026 |
| /s/ Evelyn D'An | Director | March 10, 2026 |
| Evelyn D'An | Director | March 10, 2026 |

---

## Exhibit 19.1

**Exhibit 19.1**

**BACKBLAZE, INC.**

___________________

**INSIDER TRADING POLICY**

**and**

**Guidelines with Respect to**

**Certain Transactions in Securities**

___________________

(Adopted on April 22, 2021;

Effective upon the effectiveness of the registration statement

relating to the Company's initial public offering;

Amended July 29, 2022 and March 5, 2025)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**<u>**TABLE OF CONTENTS**</u>**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **<u>Page</u>** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**A. SELECTED POLICY HIGHLIGHTS** | **1** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**B. PROHIBITION ON INSIDER TRADING** | **2** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**C. PERSONS AND TRANSACTIONS COVERED BY THIS POLICY** | **5** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**D. DEFINITION OF MATERIAL NONPUBLIC INFORMATION** | **6** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**E. RESTRICTED TRADING PERIODS** | **8** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**F. PRE-CLEARANCE OF TRADES** | **10** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**G. LIMITED EXCEPTIONS** | **11** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**H. COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16 OF THE SECURITIES ACT** | **14** |
| **APPENDIX A - ADDITIONAL TYPES OF TRANSACTIONS** |  |
| **SUPPLEMENTAL INFO - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 10B5-1 TRADING PLAN** |  |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**A.SELECTED INSIDER TRADING POLICY HIGHLIGHTS**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● It is prohibited to trade if you are in possession of material nonpublic information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● It is also prohibited to share material nonpublic information with unauthorized third parties that trade on the basis of such information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Persons subject to the Company's quarterly restricted trading window (or a special restricted trading window) may not trade during such restricted periods, and may only trade during an open trading window period (except pursuant to an approved 10b5-1 trading plan as described more fully below).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;○The trading window will open at the start of the second full trading day following the date of public disclosure of the financial results for that fiscal quarter (ie, the second trading day after the earnings announcement).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;○The trading window will close at the end of the 15th day of the third month of each fiscal quarter. If the 15th is on a weekend, from a practical standpoint, this means that the last day of trading would be the Friday before.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;○The Company reserves the right to change these dates without prior notice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;○Company employees shall be subject to the Company's quarterly restricted trading window depending on access to material nonpublic information relating to quarterly results or other similar information as determined by the Company's Compliance Officer.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;○Even if the trading window is open, you cannot trade if you are in possession of material nonpublic information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● 10b5-1 automatic trading plans can allow for trading during quarterly restricted trading windows or when otherwise in possession of material nonpublic information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;○10b5-1 trading plans must comply with applicable law and the Company's policies and be approved by the Company's Trading Compliance Officer (General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer).

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**B.PROHIBITION ON INSIDER TRADING**

As described in more detail below, insider trading occurs when a person purchases, sells, transfers or otherwise trades a company's securities while aware of material nonpublic information or discloses material nonpublic information to others outside the company who then trade the company's securities. Backblaze, Inc. (the "**Company**") strictly prohibits the unauthorized disclosure of any nonpublic information acquired in the course of your service with the Company and the misuse of material nonpublic information in securities trading. If you engage in such actions, you will violate this Insider Trading Policy (the "**Policy**"). This Policy may be amended at any time by the Company.

**1. No trading on material nonpublic information**

You may not, directly or indirectly through others, engage in any transaction involving the Company's securities while aware of material nonpublic information relating to the Company. In addition, you may not engage in transactions involving the securities of any other company if you are aware of material nonpublic information about that company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, there are certain limited exceptions, as detailed below, which may be permissible. It is important to note that "materiality" is different for different companies. Information that is not material to the Company may be material to another company.

Certain employees and other persons affiliated with the Company will also be subject to a quarterly restricted trading period in connection with the Company's quarterly financial results and public company filings. The Company may also impose special restricted trading periods from time to time. See the Trading Restricted Periods, as detailed below, for further details.

**2. No disclosing material nonpublic information for the benefit of others**

You may not disclose material nonpublic information concerning the Company or any other company due to information obtained at the Company to friends, family members or any other person or entity not authorized to receive such information where such person or entity may benefit by trading on the basis of such information. In addition, you may not make recommendations or express opinions on the basis of material nonpublic information as to trading in the securities of companies to which such information relates. You are prohibited from engaging in these actions whether or not you derive any profit or personal benefit from doing so. This prohibition against disclosure of material nonpublic information includes disclosure (even anonymous disclosure) via the internet, blogs, investor forums or chat rooms where companies and their prospects are discussed.

**3. Legal prohibitions on insider trading**

The antifraud provisions of U.S. federal securities laws prohibit directors, officers, employees and other individuals who possess material nonpublic information from trading on the basis of that information. Transactions will be considered "on the basis of" material nonpublic information if the person engaged in the transaction was aware of the material nonpublic information at the time of the transaction. It is not a defense that the person did not "use" the information for purposes of the transaction.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

Disclosing material nonpublic information directly or indirectly to others who then trade based on that information or making recommendations or expressing opinions as to transactions in securities while aware of material nonpublic information (which is sometimes referred to as "**tipping**") is also illegal. Both the person who provides the information, recommendation or opinion and the person who trades based on it may be liable.

These illegal activities are commonly referred to as "**insider trading**." State securities laws and securities laws of other jurisdictions also impose restrictions on insider trading. In addition, a company, as well as individual directors, officers and other supervisory personnel, may be subject to liability as "controlling persons" for failure to take appropriate steps to prevent insider trading by those under their supervision, influence or control.

**4. Detection and prosecution of insider trading**

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "**SEC**"), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the Nasdaq Stock Market use sophisticated electronic surveillance techniques to investigate and detect insider trading, and the SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice pursue insider trading violations vigorously. Cases involving trading through foreign accounts, trading by family members and friends and trading involving only a small number of shares have been successfully prosecuted.

**5. Penalties for violation of insider trading laws and this Policy**

*Civil and criminal penalties.* As of the effective date of this Policy, potential penalties for insider trading violations under U.S. federal securities laws include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● damages in a private lawsuit;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● disgorging any profits made or losses avoided;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● imprisonment for up to 20 years;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● criminal fines of up to $5 million for individuals and $25 million for entities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● civil fines of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● a bar against serving as an officer or director of a public company; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● an injunction against future violations.

*Company disciplinary actions.* If the Company has a reasonable basis to conclude that you have failed to comply with this Policy, you may be subject to disciplinary action by the Company, up to and including termination of employment for cause, regardless of whether or not your failure to comply with this Policy results in a violation of law. It is not necessary for the Company to wait for the filing or conclusion of any civil or criminal action against an alleged violator before taking disciplinary action. In addition, the Company may give stop transfer and other instructions to the Company's transfer agent to enforce compliance with this Policy.

**6. Insider Trading Compliance Officer**

Please direct any questions, requests or reports as to any of the matters discussed in this Policy to the Company's Insider Trading Compliance Officer (the "**Compliance Officer**"), who is the Company's General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer. The Compliance Officer is

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

generally responsible for the administration of this Policy. The Compliance Officer may, from time to time, select others to assist with the execution of his or her duties (including the pre-clearance of trades). In the event that the Compliance Officer is unavailable for any extended duration, you may also contact the Chief Financial Officer regarding any questions or actions related to this Policy.

**7. Reporting violations**

It is your responsibility to help enforce this Policy. You should be alert to possible violations that you suspect or become aware of, and promptly report violations or suspected violations of this Policy to the Compliance Officer. If anonymity is a concern, the Company will strive to maintain your anonymity to the extent reasonably possible. You may report violations or suspected violations of this Policy by contacting the Compliance Officer directly or submitting a notification through any of the means available on the Company's whistleblower platform (see the Company's Whistleblower Policy). If you make an anonymous report, please provide as much detail as possible, including any evidence that you believe may be relevant to the issue.

**8. Personal responsibility**

The ultimate responsibility for complying with this Policy and applicable laws and regulations rests with you. You should use your best judgment at all times. We advise you to seek assistance if you have any questions at all. The rules relating to insider trading can be complex, and a violation of insider trading laws can carry severe consequences.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**C. PERSONS AND TRANSACTIONS COVERED BY THIS POLICY**

**1. Persons covered by this Policy**

This Policy applies to all directors, officers, employees, consultants, contractors and other agents of the Company. References in this Policy to "you" (as well as general references to directors, officers, employees and agents of the Company) should also be understood to include members of your immediate family, persons with whom you share a household, persons who are your economic dependents and any other individuals or entities whose transactions in securities you influence, direct or control (including, for example, a venture or other investment fund, if you influence, direct or control transactions by the fund). You are responsible for making sure that these other individuals and entities comply with this Policy.

**2. Types of transactions covered by this Policy**

Except as discussed in the section entitled "**Limited Exceptions**," this Policy applies to **<u>all transactions involving the securities of the Company or the securities of other companies</u>** as to which you possess material nonpublic information obtained in the course of your service with the Company. This Policy therefore applies to purchases, sales and other transfers of common stock, options, warrants, preferred stock, debt securities (such as debentures, bonds and notes) and other securities (including distributions of securities by a venture or other investment fund to its constituent equity holders). This Policy also applies to any arrangements that affect economic exposure to changes in the prices of these securities. These arrangements may include, among other things, transactions in derivative securities (such as exchange-traded put or call options), hedging transactions, short sales and certain decisions with respect to participation in benefit plans. In addition, this Policy applies to pledging securities as collateral for loans. This Policy also applies to any offers with respect to the transactions discussed above. You should note that there are no exceptions from insider trading laws or this Policy based on the size of the transaction. Please see <u>Appendix A</u> for a detailed description of Additional Types of Transactions.

**3. Applicability of this Policy after your departure from the Company**

You must comply with this Policy until such time as (i) you are no longer affiliated with the Company <u>and</u> (ii) you no longer possess any material nonpublic information subject to this Policy. In addition, if you are subject to a trading restriction under this Policy at the time you cease to be affiliated with the Company, you must continue to abide by the applicable trading restrictions until at least the end of the relevant restricted trading period.

**4. No exceptions based on personal circumstances**

There may be instances where you suffer financial harm or other hardship or are otherwise required to forego a planned transaction because of the restrictions imposed by this Policy. Personal financial emergency or other personal circumstances are not mitigating factors under securities laws and will not excuse a failure to comply with this Policy. 

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**D. DEFINITIONS OF MATERIAL NONPUBLIC INFORMATION**

**1."Material" information**

Information should be regarded as material if there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in deciding whether to buy, hold or sell securities or would view the information as significantly altering the total mix of information in the marketplace about the issuer of the security. In general, any information that could reasonably be expected to affect the market price of a security is likely to be material. Either positive or negative information may be material.

It is not possible to define all categories of "material" information. However, some examples of information that could be regarded as material include information with respect to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Financial results, financial condition, earnings pre-announcements, guidance, projections or forecasts, particularly if inconsistent with the Company's guidance or the expectations of the investment community;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Restatements of financial results, or material impairments, write-offs or restructurings;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Changes in independent auditors, or notification that the Company may no longer rely on an audit report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Creation of significant financial obligations, or any significant default under or acceleration of any financial obligation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Impending bankruptcy or financial liquidity problems;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Significant developments involving business relationships, including execution, modification or termination of significant agreements or orders with customers, suppliers, distributors, manufacturers or other business partners;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Product introductions, modifications, defects or recalls or significant pricing changes or other product announcements of a significant nature;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Significant developments in research and development or relating to intellectual property;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Significant legal or regulatory developments, whether actual or threatened;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Major events involving the Company's securities, including calls of securities for redemption, adoption of stock repurchase programs, option repricings, stock splits, changes in dividend policies, public or private securities offerings, imminent distribution of venture investors' holdings to limited partners, modification to the rights of security holders or notice of delisting;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Significant corporate events, such as a pending or proposed merger, joint venture or tender offer, a significant investment, the acquisition or disposition of a significant business or asset or a change in control of the Company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● The existence of a special restricted trading period; and

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● Major personnel changes, such as changes in senior management or lay-offs.

What constitutes "material" information will vary based on the specific facts-and-circumstances, and may differ between different companies. If you have any questions as to whether information should be considered "material," you should consult with the Compliance Officer. In general, it is advisable to resolve any close questions as to the materiality of any information by assuming that the information is material.

**2."Nonpublic" information**

Information is considered nonpublic if the information has not been broadly disseminated to the public for a sufficient period to be reflected in the price of the security. As a general rule, information should be considered nonpublic until at least one *full trading day* (see definition below) has elapsed after the information is broadly disseminated to the public in a press release, a public filing with the SEC, a pre-announced public webcast or another broad, non-exclusionary form of public communication. However, depending upon the form of the announcement and the nature of the information, it is possible that information may not be fully absorbed by the marketplace until a later time. Any questions as to whether information is nonpublic should be directed to the Compliance Officer.

**3."Trading Day"**

The term "**trading day**" means a day on which national stock exchanges are open for trading. A "**full**" trading day has elapsed when, after the public disclosure, trading in the relevant security has opened and then closed. For example, in general, if the Company issues its earnings release on a Wednesday afternoon, then Thursday would be the next full trading day, and you would not be able to trade in the Company's securities until that Friday.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**E. RESTRICTED TRADING PERIODS**

To limit the likelihood of trading at times when there is a significant risk of insider trading exposure, the Company has instituted quarterly restricted trading periods and may institute special restricted trading periods from time to time (formally known as "trading blackout windows"). It is important to note that whether or not you are subject to special restricted trading periods, you remain subject to the prohibitions on trading on the basis of material nonpublic information and any other applicable restrictions in this Policy.

**1. Quarterly restricted trading periods**

Quarterly restricted trading periods related to the Company's quarterly financial results and public company filings are particularly sensitive times for transactions involving the Company's securities from the perspective of compliance with applicable securities laws due to the fact that, during this period, individuals will often be deemed to possess or have access to material nonpublic information relevant to the expected financial results for the quarter.

***Persons Subject to the Quarterly Trading Restriction***. Except as discussed in the section entitled "**Limited Exceptions**" below, all members of the Board of Directors, all Executive Officers that report directly to the Chief Executive Officer and other employees, consultants, contractors and other agents of the Company that are notified by the Compliance Officer (or designee) that they are subject to the Quarterly Trading Restriction must <u>not</u> engage in any transactions involving the Company's securities during the applicable quarterly restricted trading periods.

***Quarterly Restricted Period*.** For individuals subject to the Quarterly Trading Restriction, the open trading window begins at the start of the second full trading day following the date of public disclosure of the financial results for that fiscal quarter and ends at the end of the 15th day of the third month of each fiscal quarter. If the 15th is on a weekend, from a practical standpoint, this means that the last day of trading would be the Friday before. The Company reserves the right to change these dates without prior notice.

Even if the trading window is open, you cannot trade if you are in possession of material nonpublic information.

**2. Special restricted trading periods**

From time to time, the Company may also prohibit directors, officers, employees, consultants, contractors and other agents of the Company from engaging in transactions involving the Company's securities when, in the judgment of the Company, a trading restriction is warranted. The Company will generally impose special restricted trading periods when there are material developments known to the Company that have not yet been disclosed to the public. For example, the Company may impose a special restricted trading period in anticipation of announcing interim earnings guidance or a significant transaction or business development. However, special restricted trading periods may be declared for any reason.

The Compliance Officer or other designated person will notify those persons subject to a special restricted trading period. Each person who has been so identified and notified by the

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

Company may <u>not</u> engage in any transaction involving the Company's securities until instructed otherwise by the Compliance Officer, nor may the person disclose to other persons that he, she or it is subject to a special restricted trading period or is otherwise restricted from trading in the Company's securities.

**3. Persons Not Subject to Restricted Periods**

Regardless if you are, or are not, subject to a Quarterly Trading Restriction (or other special restricted trading period), you are always still subject to the restrictions on insider trading set forth in this Policy. According, if you are aware of material nonpublic information, you are prohibited from engaging in any transactions involving the Company's securities until such information has been publicly disseminated in accordance with the requirements of Regulation FD and has been fully absorbed by the marketplace, regardless of whether you are not subject to a Quarterly Trading Restriction. If you have any questions regarding whether it is permissible for you to trade, you should contact the Compliance Officer.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**F. PRE-CLEARANCE OF TRADES**

Except as discussed in the section entitled "**Limited Exceptions**" below, members of the Board of Directors, Executive Officers reporting directly to the Chief Executive Officer and certain other employees and agents of the Company that are specifically identified by the Company as requiring pre-clearance approval, must refrain from engaging in any transaction involving the Company's securities without first obtaining pre**-**clearance of the transaction from the Compliance Officer. (The Compliance Officer may not engage in a transaction involving the Company's securities unless the Company's Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer has pre-cleared the transaction.) From time to time, the Company may identify other persons who should be subject to the pre**-**clearance requirements set forth above.

These pre-clearance procedures are intended to decrease insider trading risks associated with transactions by individuals who have regular or special access to material nonpublic information. In addition, requiring pre-clearance of transactions by directors and officers facilitates compliance with Rule 144 resale restrictions under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the liability and reporting provisions of Section 16 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "**Exchange Act**") and Regulation BTR. Pre-clearance of a trade, however, is not a defense to a claim of insider trading and does not excuse you from otherwise complying with insider trading laws or this Policy. Further, pre-clearance of a transaction does not constitute an affirmation by the Company or the Compliance Officer that you are not in possession of material nonpublic information. The Compliance Officer is under no obligation to approve a transaction submitted for pre-clearance, and may determine not to permit the transaction.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**G. LIMITED EXCEPTIONS**

The following are certain limited exceptions to the restrictions imposed by the Company under this Policy. Please be aware that even if a transaction is subject to an exception to this Policy, you will need to separately assess whether the transaction complies with applicable law. For example, even if a transaction is indicated as exempt from this Policy, you may need to comply with the "short-swing" trading restrictions under Section 16 of the Exchange Act, to the extent applicable. You are responsible for complying with applicable law at all times. Any other exception from this Policy must be approved by the Compliance Officer and may require additional approval from the Board of Directors.

**1.10b5-1 trading plans**

The SEC has enacted rules set forth in Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act that provide for an affirmative defense if you enter into a contract, provide instructions or adopt a written plan for trading securities when you are not aware of material nonpublic information. Transactions made pursuant to a written 10b5-1 trading plan that complies with applicable law and is approved by the Compliance Officer are not subject to the restrictions in this Policy against trades made while aware of material nonpublic information or to the pre-clearance procedures or restricted trading periods established under this Policy. Rule 10b5-1(c) offers an affirmative defense where a person trades in securities at a time when he or she is aware of material nonpublic information, provided:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ before becoming aware of the material nonpublic information, the person had entered into a binding contract to trade, instructed another person to trade, or adopted a written plan for trading the company security;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ the contract, instruction, or plan either specifies or provides a written mechanism to determine the amount, price, and date of the trade(s) or prohibits the person from exercising any subsequent influence over how, when, or whether to effect the trade(s);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ purchases or sales are made in compliance with the plan; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ the plan is "entered into in good faith, and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade" the general prohibition against trading on the basis of material nonpublic information.

All 10b5-1 trading plans must comply with applicable law as well as any criteria or requirements as determined by the Company's Compliance Officer from time to time, including without limitation, any applicable "waiting" and/or "cooling off" periods, and limitations on the number of plans or changes to an existing plan. In approving a trading plan, the Compliance Officer may, in furtherance of the objectives expressed in this Policy, impose criteria in addition to those set forth in Rule 10b5-1 and other criteria as may be determined by the Compliance Officer from time to time. Accordingly, you must confer with the Compliance Officer prior to entering into or modifying any trading plan, and you must notify the Compliance Officer upon termination of any trading plan. Trading plans must be filed with the Compliance Officer and must be accompanied with a certificate signed by the person adopting the trading plan that affirmatively states that the trading plan complies with Rule 10b5-1 and any other criteria established by the Company.

The SEC rules regarding trading plans are complex and must be complied with completely to be effective. The description provided above is only a summary, and the Company strongly advises

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

that you consult with your personal legal advisor if you intend to adopt a trading plan. While trading plans are subject to review and approval by the Company, the individual adopting the trading plan is ultimately responsible for compliance with Rule 10b5-1 and ensuring that the trading plan complies with this Policy.

**2. Receipt and vesting of stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock and stock appreciation rights**

The trading restrictions under this Policy do not apply to the grant itself of stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock or stock appreciation rights by the Company. The trading restrictions under this Policy also do not apply to the vesting, cancellation or forfeiture of stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock or stock appreciation rights in accordance with applicable plans and agreements. However, the trading restrictions do apply to any subsequent sales of any such securities, except as specifically provided below under the heading "Sale of shares to cover tax withholdings."

**3. Sale of shares to cover tax withholdings**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The trading restrictions under this Policy do not apply to the sale of shares of common stock issued upon vesting of restricted stock units for the limited purpose of covering tax withholding obligations (and any associated broker or other fees), provided that, the grant provided for the automatic sale of shares for tax withholding purposes upon vesting, or prior to such sale and during an open trading window where you do not possess material nonpublic information, you irrevocably elect to sell such shares to cover tax withholding obligations in a manner approved by the Compliance Officer.

**4. Exercise of stock options for cash (exercise and hold)**

The trading restrictions under this Policy do not apply to the exercise of stock options with cash (whether via wire or by check) under the Company's stock option plans (*i.e.*, exercise and hold). Likewise, the trading restrictions under this Policy do not apply to the exercise of stock options in a stock-for-stock exercise with the Company or an election (to the extent offered by the Company) to have the Company automatically withhold securities to cover tax obligations in connection with an option exercise. However, the trading restrictions under this Policy do apply to (1) the sale of any securities issued upon the exercise of a stock option, (2) a cashless exercise of a stock option through a broker, since this involves selling a portion of the underlying shares to cover the costs of exercise, and (3) any other market sale for the purpose of generating the cash needed to pay the exercise price of an option.

**5. Purchases from the employee stock purchase plan**

The trading restrictions in this Policy do not apply to elections with respect to participation in the Company's employee stock purchase plan, if any, or to purchases of securities under such plan. However, the trading restrictions do apply to any subsequent sales of any such securities.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**6. Stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions**

The trading restrictions under this Policy do not apply to a change in the number of securities held as a result of a stock split or stock dividend applying equally to all securities of a class, or similar transactions.

**7.*Bona fide* gifts and inheritance**

The trading restrictions under this Policy do not apply to *bona fide* gifts involving Company securities or transfers by will or the laws of descent and distribution.

**8. Change in form of ownership**

Transactions that involve merely a change in the form in which you own securities are not subject to the trading restrictions under this Policy. For example, you may transfer shares to an *inter vivos* trust of which you are the sole beneficiary during your lifetime.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**H. COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT**

**1. Obligations under Section 16**

Section 16 of the Exchange Act, and the related rules and regulations, set forth (1) reporting obligations, (2) limitations on "short-swing" transactions and (3) limitations on short sales and other transactions applicable to directors, officers, large shareholders and certain other persons.

The Board of Directors of the Company has determined the persons specified as Section 16 insiders and that are required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act, and the related rules and regulations, because of their positions with the Company, which include all members of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and all other executive officers who are designated as Section 16 officers by the Board of Directors from time to time.

**2. Notification requirements to facilitate Section 16 reporting**

To facilitate timely reporting of transactions pursuant to Section 16 requirements, each person subject to Section 16 reporting requirements must provide, or must ensure that his or her broker provides, the Company with detailed information (*e.g.,* trade date, number of shares, exact price, *etc.*) regarding his or her transactions involving the Company's securities, including gifts, transfers, pledges and transactions pursuant to a trading plan, both prior to (to confirm compliance with pre-clearance procedures, if applicable) and promptly following execution.

**3. Personal responsibility**

The obligation to file Section 16 reports, and to otherwise comply with Section 16, is personal. The Company is not responsible for the failure to comply with Section 16 requirements.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**APPENDIX A**

**ADDITIONAL TYPES OF TRANSACTIONS**

This section addresses certain types of transactions that may expose you and the Company to significant risks. You should understand that, even though a transaction may not be expressly prohibited by this section, you are responsible for ensuring that the transaction otherwise complies with other provisions in this Policy that may apply to the transaction, such as the general prohibition against insider trading as well as pre-clearance procedures and restricted trading periods, to the extent applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.Short sales**

Short sales (i.e.*,* the sale of a security that must be borrowed to make delivery) and "selling short against the box" (i.e.*,* a sale with a delayed delivery) with respect to Company securities are prohibited under this Policy. Short sales may signal to the market possible bad news about the Company or a general lack of confidence in the Company's prospects, and an expectation that the value of the Company's securities will decline. In addition, short sales are effectively a bet against the Company's success and may reduce the seller's incentive to improve the Company's performance. Short sales may also create a suspicion that the seller is engaged in insider trading.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2.Derivative securities and hedging transactions**

You are prohibited from engaging in transactions in publicly traded options, such as puts and calls, and other derivative securities with respect to the Company's securities. This prohibition extends to any hedging or similar transaction designed to decrease the risks associated with holding Company securities. Stock options, stock appreciation rights and other securities issued pursuant to Company benefit plans, including exercises thereof and purchases of the underlying shares, or other compensatory arrangements with the Company are not subject to this prohibition.

Transactions in derivative securities may reflect a short*-*term and speculative interest in the Company's securities and may create the appearance of impropriety, even where a transaction does not involve trading on inside information. Trading in derivatives may also focus attention on short-term performance at the expense of the Company's long-term objectives. In addition, the application of securities laws to derivatives transactions can be complex, and persons engaging in derivatives transactions run an increased risk of violating securities laws.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**3.Using Company securities as collateral for loans**

You may not pledge Company securities as collateral for loans, except as otherwise expressly approved by the Company's Board of Directors or Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors. If you default on the loan, the lender may sell the pledged securities as collateral in a foreclosure sale. The sale, even though not initiated at your request, is still considered a sale for your benefit and, if made at a time when you are aware of material nonpublic information or otherwise are not permitted to trade in Company securities, may result in inadvertent insider trading violations and Section 16 and Reg. BTR violations (for officers and directors), violations of this Policy and unfavorable publicity for you and the Company.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**4.Holding Company securities in margin accounts**

If you are required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act or subject to the quarterly trading restrictions or the pre-clearance requirements under this Policy, you may not hold Company securities in margin accounts. Under typical margin arrangements, if you fail to meet a margin call, the broker may be entitled to sell securities held in the margin account without your consent. The sale, even though not initiated at your request, is still considered a sale for your benefit and, if made at a time when you are aware of material nonpublic information or are otherwise not permitted to trade, may result in inadvertent insider trading violations, Section 16 and Reg. BTR violations (for officers and directors), violations of this Policy and unfavorable publicity for you and the Company. For these same reasons, even if you are not prohibited from holding Company securities in margin accounts, you should exercise caution when doing so.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**5.Placing open orders with brokers**

Except in accordance with an approved trading plan (as discussed below), you should exercise caution when placing open orders, such as limit orders or stop orders, with brokers, particularly where the order is likely to remain outstanding for an extended period of time. Open orders may result in the execution of a trade at a time when you are aware of material nonpublic information or otherwise are not permitted to trade in Company securities, which may result in inadvertent insider trading violations, Section 16 and Reg. BTR violations (for officers and directors), violations of this Policy and unfavorable publicity for you and the Company. If you are subject to restricted trading periods or pre-clearance requirements, you should so inform any broker with whom you place any open order at the time it is placed.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

**BACKBLAZE, INC.**

**INSIDER TRADING POLICY**

**GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 10B5-1 TRADING PLANS**

(Approved April 22, 2021; Amended February 9, 2023)

These 10b5-1 Trading Plan Requirements are intended to supplement and be used in conjunction with the Company's Insider Trading Plan. For transactions under a 10b5-1 trading plan to be exempt from (i) the prohibitions in the Company's Insider Trading Policy with respect to transactions made while aware of material nonpublic information and (ii) the pre-clearance procedures and restricted trading periods established under the Insider Trading Policy, the trading plan must comply with the affirmative defense set forth in Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1 and, unless otherwise pre-approved in writing by the Company's Compliance Officer, must meet the following requirements:

**A. Plan Adoption**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.The trading plan for pre-determined trades must be in writing and signed by the person adopting the trading plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.The trading plan must be adopted at a time when:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● the person adopting the trading plan is not aware of any material nonpublic information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● there is no quarterly, special or other trading restriction in effect with respect to the person adopting the plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.The trading plan must be entered in good faith and not as part of a plan or scheme to evade the prohibitions of Rule 10b5-1. In addition, all persons entering into a trading plan must act in good faith with respect to that plan during its term.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.The trading plan shall be executed only through brokers identified and/or approved by the Compliance Officer in his or her sole discretion.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.A copy of the trading plan, including any modifications or termination notices, must be filed with the Compliance Officer with an executed certificate stating that the trading plan complies with Rule 10b5-1 and the criteria set forth above.

**B. Plan Design** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.The first trade under a trading plan may not occur until after 30 calendar days after adoption of the trading plan for a person who is not a director or officer (as defined under SEC Rules) of the Company. For a director or officer (as defined under SEC Rules) of the Company, the first trade under a trading plan may not occur until the later of (i) 90 calendar days; or (ii) 2

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

business days following the disclosure of the Company's financial results in a Form 10-Q or Form 10-K for the fiscal quarter in which the plan was adopted (but not to exceed 120 days).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.The trading plan must have a minimum term of one year from the date of adoption.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.The trading plan should not be designed to specifically trigger trading activity during a period that may cause undue suspicion of inappropriate activity (e.g., immediately prior to quarterly earnings announcements).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.Persons may not have multiple, overlapping trading plans. Only a single trading plan may be in effect at any given time for each person; provided, however, that a second trading plan may be adopted in advance and otherwise in accordance with these requirements and the Company's Insider Trading Policy, to become effective upon the planned expiration (not including early termination) of an existing trading plan. 

**C. Plan Modifications and Termination**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10.Regarding modifications: 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● A person may not make more than two (2) modifications to a trading plan in any rolling twelve month period.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● The trading plan may only be modified when the person modifying the trading plan is not aware of material nonpublic information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● The trading plan may only be modified when there is no quarterly, special or other trading restriction in effect with respect to the person modifying the plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;● The first trade under the modified trading plan may not occur until 30 calendar days following modification of the trading plan for a person who is not a director or officer (as defined under SEC Rules) of the Company. For a director or officer (as defined under SEC Rules) of the Company, the first trade under a modified plan may not occur until the later of (i) 90 calendar days; or (ii) 2 business days following the disclosure of the Company's financial results in a Form 10-Q or Form 10-K for the fiscal quarter in which the plan was modified (but not to exceed 120 days). The existing plan would remain in effect until the modified plan comes into effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.A trading plan may be terminated at any time.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12.The Company must be promptly notified of any modification or termination of the trading plan, including any suspension of trading under the plan.

**D. Other Provisions**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13.All transactions under the trading plan must be in accordance with applicable law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14.The trading plan (including any modified trading plan) must meet such other requirements as the Compliance Officer may determine from time to time.

------

**Exhibit 19.1**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15.The individual adopting the trading plan may not enter into any hedging transaction with respect to the securities subject to the trading plan in accordance with the Company's Insider Trading Policy. 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16.In the event of any conflict between these 10b5-1 trading plan general requirements and a 10b5-1 trading plan with a broker, these 10b5-1 trading plan general requirements shall control.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17.The Company reserves the right to automatically suspend all trading activity under 10b5-1 plans if, after advice of counsel, the Company deems it appropriate to do so. In such event, the Company will provide notice to affected 10b5-1 plan holders as soon as practicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18.The Company's Insider Trading Policy does not expressly prohibit persons from trading outside of a trading plan, provided such trading is done in compliance with the Company's Insider Trading Policy and securities laws. Please consult with the trading plan broker to confirm whether the broker permits trading outside of the trading plan with respect to shares or stock options that are included within the trading plan.

## Exhibit 21.1

**Exhibit 21.1**

**List of Subsidiaries of Backblaze, Inc.**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Name</u>** | **<u>Jurisdiction</u>** |
| Backblaze Worldwide, Inc. | Delaware |
| Backblaze Netherlands B.V. | Netherlands |
| Backblaze Canada, ULC | Canada |

---

## Exhibit 23.1

**Exhibit 23.1**

**CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No. 333-279033 on Form S-3 and Registration Statement Nos. 333-260991, 333-263903, 333-271148, 333-273290, 333-279288, 333-281983, and 333-285748 on Form S-8 of our report dated March 10, 2026, relating to the financial statements of Backblaze, Inc. appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP |
| Los Angeles, California |
| March 10, 2026 |

---

## Exhibit 23.2

**Exhibit 23.2**

**CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-260991, 333-263903, 333-271148, 333-273290, 333-279288, 333-281983, and 333-285748) and Form S-3 (No. 333-279033) of Backblaze, Inc. (the Company) of our report dated March 11, 2025, relating to the consolidated financial statements which appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ BDO USA, P.C. |
| San Jose, California |
| March 10, 2026 |

---

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

**CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO RULES 13A-14(A) AND 15D-14(A) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002.**

I, Gleb Budman, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Backblaze, Inc.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | March 10, 2026 | /s/ Gleb Budman |
| | | Gleb Budman |
| | | Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson |
| | | (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO RULES 13A-14(A) AND 15D-14(A) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002.**

I, Marc Suidan, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Backblaze, Inc.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | March 10, 2026 | /s/ Marc Suidan |
| | | Marc Suidan |
| | | Chief Financial Officer |
| | | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002.**

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Backblaze, Inc. (the "Company") for the year ended December 31, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Gleb Budman, the Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge that:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | March 10, 2026 | /s/ Gleb Budman |
| | | Gleb Budman |
| | | Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson |
| | | (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 32.2

**Exhibit 32.2**

**CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002.**

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Backblaze, Inc. (the "Company") for the year ended December 31, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Marc Suidan, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge that:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | March 10, 2026 | /s/ Marc Suidan |
| | | Marc Suidan |
| | | Chief Financial Officer |
| | | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

---

<br>