# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001510964
**File Stem:** 0000950170-25-107984
**Filing Date:** 2025-8
**Character Count:** 27426
**Document Hash:** 8f7a8fb2d005eab9a44542480251f1f3
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0000950170-25-107984.hdr.sgml**: 20250813

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0000950170-25-107984

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 11

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250327

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Results of Operations and Financial Condition

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Regulation FD Disclosure

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Financial Statements and Exhibits

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250813

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250813

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** CV Sciences, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001510964
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 03 Life Sciences
- **EIN:** 800944970
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 000-54677
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251211296

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 9530 PADGETT STREET
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 107
- **CITY:** SAN DIEGO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 92126
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 866-290-2157

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 9530 PADGETT STREET
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 107
- **CITY:** SAN DIEGO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 92126

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** CannaVEST Corp.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20130205

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Foreclosure Solutions, Inc.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20110124

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? 8-K

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549** 

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**FORM** 8-K

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**CURRENT REPORT** 

**Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934** 

**Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): August 13**, 2025

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CV SCIENCES, INC.

**(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)** 

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Delaware | 000-54677 | 80-0944970 |
| **(State or Other Jurisdiction**<br>**of Incorporation)** | **(Commission File Number)** | **(IRS Employer**<br>**Identification No.)** |
| 9530 Padgett Street, Suite 107<br>San Diego**,** California |  | 92126 |
| **(Address of Principal Executive Offices)** |  | **(Zip Code)** |

---

**Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (**866**)** 290-2157

**Not Applicable** 

**(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)** 

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Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) 

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) 

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) 

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading**<br>**Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange on which registered** |

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§ 230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§ 240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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**Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Conditions**

The information provided below in "Item 7.01 - Regulation FD Disclosure" of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.02.

**Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure** 

On August 13, 2025, CV Sciences, Inc. (the "Company") issued a press release regarding the Company's financial results for its quarter ended June 30, 2025. A copy of that press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 hereto and incorporated herein by reference. The press release includes non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Regulation G. The press release also includes a presentation of the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP), information reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to the GAAP financial measures and a discussion of the reasons why the Company's management believes that presentation of the non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information to investors regarding the Company's financial condition and results of operations. The non-GAAP financial measures presented therein should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Exhibit 99.1 contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions as to future events that may not prove to be accurate. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed in these forward-looking statements.

The information set forth under Item 7.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K ("Current Report"), including Exhibit 99.1 attached hereto, is being furnished and shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of such section. The information in Item 7.01 of this Current Report, including Exhibit 99.1, shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, regardless of any incorporation by reference language in any such filing, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing. This Current Report will not be deemed an admission as to the materiality of any information in this Current Report that is required to be disclosed solely by Regulation FD.

**Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits**

(d) Exhibits

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br>**Number** | **Description** |
| 99.1 | [<u>Press Release of CV Sciences, Inc. dated August 13, 2025</u>](cvsi-ex99_1.htm) |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |

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\* Filed herewith.

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**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **CV SCIENCES, INC.** | **CV SCIENCES, INC.** |
| Date: August 13, 2025 | By: | /s/ Joseph Dowling |
|  |  | Joseph Dowling |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer |

---

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## Exhibit 99.1

**Exhibit 99.1**

**CV Sciences, Inc. Reports Second Quarter 2025 Financial Results**

San Diego, CA - August 13, 2025 (ACCESS Newswire) - CV Sciences, Inc. (OTCQB:CVSI) (the "Company", "CV Sciences", "our", "us" or "we"), a preeminent consumer wellness company specializing in hemp extracts and other proven science-backed, natural ingredients and products, today announced its financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2025.

**Second Quarter 2025 and Recent Financial and Operating Highlights**

• Generated revenue of $3.6 million for the second quarter 2025 compared to $4.0 million for the second quarter 2024 and compared to $3.6 million for the first quarter 2025;

• Recognized gross margin of 50.9% for the second quarter 2025 compared to 47.0% for the second quarter 2024 and compared to 46.0% for the first quarter 2025; highest gross margin since the third quarter 2019;

• Cash balance of $0.9 million at quarter end compared to $0.5 million at the end of 2024; and

• Recognized positive adjusted EBITDA of $0.1 million for the second quarter 2025 compared to an adjusted EBITDA loss of $6,000 for the second quarter 2024 and compared to an adjusted EBITDA loss of $0.3 million for the first quarter 2025; first positive adjusted EBITDA since the second quarter 2019.

"We are pleased with our second quarter 2025 results. Our gross margin of 50.9% in the second quarter 2025 is our best gross margin in the last 23 quarters. We anticipate further gross margin improvements in the second half of 2025. We are working diligently to achieve organic growth through new product development while continuing to pursue additional M&A opportunities to improve our top-line revenue, profitability and cash flow," stated Joseph Dowling, Chief Executive Officer of CV Sciences. "We generated our first positive adjusted EBITDA since the second quarter of 2019, which demonstrates our cost-efficient execution as we move closer to profitability and positive cash flow on a consistent basis. We are also making good progress on in-sourcing production of many of our current products through our acquisition of Elevated Softgels, which will help to further improve our gross margin over time. In addition, our continuous commitment to innovation will diversify our product offering and help mitigate some of the challenges we face with the uncertain state and federal regulatory environment for the CBD category. We look forward to a more balanced product portfolio through further new product development and M&A opportunities that will help to improve our top-line revenue, profitability and shareholder value."

**Operating Results - Second Quarter 2025 Compared to Second Quarter 2024**

Sales for second quarter 2025 were $3.6 million, a decrease of 8% from $4.0 million in the second quarter 2024. The decline is primarily due to lower sales volume. State regulatory pressure is the primary reason for the decline in sales volume. The total number of units sold during second quarter 2025 decreased by 7.0%. In addition, average sales prices decreased by 2.8%. 39% of our net revenue for the second quarter 2025 was from new products launched since January 1, 2023. During this time period, we launched 34 new products.

We generated an operating loss of $0.1 million in the second quarter 2025, compared to an operating loss of $0.6 million in the second quarter 2024. The improvement is mostly due to reduced selling, general and administrative expenses. The Company had positive adjusted EBITDA of $0.1 million for the second quarter 2025 compared to negative adjusted EBITDA of $6,000 in the second quarter 2024.

**Conference Call and Webcast**

The Company will host a conference call and webcast to discuss these results today at 4:30 pm EDT/1:30 pm PDT. The webcast of the conference call will be available on the Investor Relations section of the Company's website at https://ir.cvsciences.com/news-events or directly at https://viavid.webcasts.com/starthere.jsp?ei=1727552&tp_key=38f7de0673. Investors interested in participating in the live call can also dial (877) 407-0784 from the U.S. or international callers can dial (201) 689-8560. A telephone replay will be available approximately three hours after the call concludes, and will be available through Wednesday, August 20, 2025, by dialing (844) 512-2921 from the U.S. or (412) 317-6671 from international locations, and entering confirmation code 13754956.

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**About CV Sciences, Inc.**

CV Sciences, Inc. (OTCQB:CVSI) is a consumer wellness company specializing in nutraceuticals and plant-based foods. The Company's hemp extracts and other proven, science-backed, natural ingredients and products are sold through a range of sales channels from B2B to B2C. The Company's +PlusCBD™ branded products are sold at select retail locations throughout the U.S. and are the top-selling hemp-extract brand in the natural products market, according to SPINS, the leading provider of syndicated data and insights for the natural, organic and specialty products industry. With a commitment to science, PlusCBD™ product benefits in healthy people are supported by human clinical research data, in addition to three published clinical case studies available on PubMed.gov. +PlusCBD™ was the first hemp extract supplement brand to invest in the scientific evidence necessary to receive self-affirmed Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. The Company also produces cannabinoid-free supplements under its +PlusHLTH™ brand, with targeted formulations to optimize health, improve performance, and increase vitality. Our Cultured Foods™ brand provides a variety of 100% plant-based food products that are distributed primarily in the EU and other select markets. Cultured Foods™ caters to individuals seeking vegan, gluten-free, or flexitarian options for a wholesome and satisfying culinary experience. In addition, the Company owns Elevated Softgels, a leading manufacturer of encapsulated softgels and tinctures for the supplement and nutrition industry. CV Sciences, Inc. has primary offices and facilities in San Diego, California, Grand Junction, Colorado, and Warsaw, Poland. Additional information is available from OTCMarkets.com or by visiting www.cvsciences.com.

**Forward Looking Statements**

**Contact Information**

ir@cvsciences.com

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**CV SCIENCES, INC.**

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share data)

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br>June 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br>June 30,** | **Six Months Ended<br>June 30,** | **Six Months Ended<br>June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Product sales, net | $3620 | $3954 | $7226 | $7956 |
| Cost of goods sold | 1776 | 2094 | 3724 | 4243 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Gross profit** | 1844 | 1860 | 3502 | 3713 |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 50 | 28 | 80 | 64 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling, general and administrative | 1925 | 2415 | 4064 | 4852 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Benefit from reversal of accrued payroll taxes |  |  | (522) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 1975 | 2443 | 3622 | 4916 |
| **Operating loss** | (131) | (583) | (120) | (1203) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on extinguishment of debt |  |  | (38) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense, net | 130 | 1 | 281 | 3 |
| Loss before income taxes | (261) | (584) | (363) | (1206) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax expense |  |  | 7 | 6 |
| **Net loss** | $(261) | $(584) | $(370) | $(1212) |
| Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted | 184264 | 172418 | 184264 | 167823 |
| Net loss per common share, basic and diluted | $(0.00) | $(0.00) | $(0.00) | $(0.01) |

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**CV SCIENCES, INC.**

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share data)

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30,<br>2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| **Assets** |  |  |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash | $886 | $454 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net | 545 | 522 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventory | 4216 | 4897 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other | 295 | 370 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total current assets** | 5942 | 6243 |
| Property and equipment, net | 363 | 399 |
| Right of use assets | 472 | 94 |
| Intangibles, net | 88 | 93 |
| Goodwill | 1013 | 971 |
| Other assets | 72 | 127 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total assets** | $7950 | $7927 |
| **Liabilities and stockholders' equity** |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | $1440 | $1925 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses | 3003 | 3424 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Current portion of operating lease liability | 239 | 83 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Current portion of long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs | 1023 | 677 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total current liabilities** | 5705 | 6109 |
| Operating lease liability | 230 | 19 |
| Debt, net of debt issuance costs | 208 |  |
| Deferred tax liability | 4 | 4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total liabilities** | 6147 | 6132 |
| Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
| **Stockholders' equity** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock, par value $0.0001; 10,000 shares authorized; 1 share issued as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; and no shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock, par value $0.0001; 790,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 184,264 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | 18 | 18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid-in capital | 89083 | 88773 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated deficit | (87351) | (86981) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 53 | (15) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total stockholders' equity** | 1803 | 1795 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total liabilities and stockholders' equity** | $7950 | $7927 |

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**CV SCIENCES, INC.**

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended<br>June 30,** | **Six Months Ended<br>June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| **OPERATING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| Net loss | $(370) | $(1212) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 140 | 139 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 250 | 67 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of debt discount | 279 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of right of use assets | 112 | 78 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on debt extinguishment | (38) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Benefit from reversal of accrued payroll tax | (522) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 105 | 158 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net | (12) | (200) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventory | 698 | 513 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other | 77 | 125 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (513) | (243) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities | 206 | (575) |
| **INVESTING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| Purchases of property and equipment | (89) |  |
| Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired |  | (40) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash flows used in investing activities | (89) | (40) |
| **FINANCING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| Proceeds from note payable | 1200 |  |
| Debt issuance costs related to note payable | (82) |  |
| Repayment of note payable | (686) | (50) |
| Repayment of unsecured debt | (119) | (173) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities | 313 | (223) |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 2 | (2) |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash | 432 | (840) |
| Cash, beginning of period | 454 | 1317 |
| Cash, end of period | $886 | $477 |
| **Supplemental cash flow disclosures:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest paid | $4 | $6 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax paid | $7 | $6 |
| **Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transactions:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Services paid with common stock | $60 | $62 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Right of use asset financed by lease liabilities | $486 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Original issuance discount for note payable | $(400) | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fair value of net assets acquired, excluding cash | $— | $447 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill on acquisition | $— | $393 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock consideration | $— | $(700) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contingent consideration | $— | $(100) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for acquisition | $— | $40 |

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**CV SCIENCES, INC.**

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (UNAUDITED)

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for the United States (GAAP). The non-GAAP financial measures, such as net income (loss) per share and Adjusted EBITDA included in this press release are different from those otherwise presented under GAAP. We use non-GAAP measures internally to evaluate our performance and make financial and operational decisions that are presented in a manner that adjusts from their equivalent GAAP measures or that supplement the information provided by our GAAP measures. The non-GAAP financial measures exclude non-cash compensation expense for stock options. When evaluating the performance of our business and developing short and long-term plans, we do not consider share-based compensation charges. Although share-based compensation is necessary to attract and retain quality employees, our consideration of share-based compensation places its primary emphasis on overall shareholder dilution rather than the accounting charges associated with such grants. Because of the varying availability of valuation methodologies and subjective assumptions, we believe that the exclusion of share-based compensation allows for more accurate comparison of our financial results to previous periods. In addition, we believe it useful to investors to understand the specific impact of the application of the fair value method of accounting for share-based compensation on our operating results.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined by us as EBITDA (net loss plus depreciation, amortization, interest, and income tax expense, further adjusted to exclude certain non-cash expenses and other adjustments as set forth below. We use Adjusted EBITDA because we believe it more clearly highlights trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on GAAP financial measures, since Adjusted EBITDA eliminates from our results specific financial items that have less bearing on our core operating performance.

We use Adjusted EBITDA in communicating certain aspects of our results and performance, including in this press release, and believe that Adjusted EBITDA, when viewed in conjunction with our GAAP results and the accompanying reconciliation, can provide investors with greater transparency and a greater understanding of factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations than GAAP measures alone. In addition, we believe the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors in making period-to-period comparison of results because the adjustments to GAAP are not reflective of our core business performance.

A reconciliation from our GAAP net loss to non-GAAP net income (loss) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is detailed below (in thousands, except per share data):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br>June 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br>June 30,** | **Six Months Ended<br>June 30,** | **Six Months Ended<br>June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net loss - GAAP | $(261) | $(584) | $(370) | $(1212) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation <sup>(1)</sup> | 132 | 37 | 250 | 67 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Benefit from reversal of accrued payroll tax <sup>(2)</sup> |  |  | (522) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on debt extinguishment <sup>(3)</sup> |  |  | (38) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Note discount <sup>(4)</sup> | 130 |  | 279 |  |
| Net income (loss) - non-GAAP | $1 | $(547) | $(401) | $(1145) |
| Diluted EPS - GAAP | $(0.00) | $(0.00) | $(0.00) | $(0.01) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation <sup>(1)</sup> |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Benefit from reversal of accrued payroll tax <sup>(2)</sup> |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on debt extinguishment <sup>(3)</sup> |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Note discount <sup>(4)</sup> |  |  |  |  |
| Diluted EPS - non-GAAP | $0.00 | $(0.00) | $(0.00) | $(0.01) |
| Shares used to calculate diluted EPS - GAAP and non-GAAP | 184264 | 172418 | 184264 | 167823 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Represents stock-based compensation expense related to stock options awarded to employees and non-executive directors based on the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model.

<sup>(2)</sup> Represents benefit from reversal of accrued payroll tax associated with RSU release to founder in 2019.

<sup>(3)</sup> Represents gain on extinguishment of debt related to our Streeterville note payable.

<sup>(4)</sup> Represents amortization of OID/debt issuance costs for notes payable.

A reconciliation from our net loss to Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is detailed below (in thousands):

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br>June 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br>June 30,** | **Six Months Ended<br>June 30,** | **Six Months Ended<br>June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net loss | $(261) | $(584) | $(370) | $(1212) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation expense | 52 | 71 | 128 | 130 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization expense | 6 | 5 | 12 | 9 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense, net | 130 | 1 | 281 | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax expense |  |  | 7 | 6 |
| EBITDA | (73) | (507) | 58 | (1064) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation <sup>(1)</sup> | 132 | 37 | 250 | 67 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Professional fees associated with legal dispute <sup>(2)</sup> |  | 464 |  | 693 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Benefit from reversal of accrued payroll tax <sup>(3)</sup> |  |  | (522) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on debt extinguishment <sup>(4)</sup> |  |  | (38) |  |
| Adjusted EBITDA | $59 | $(6) | $(252) | $(304) |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Represents stock-based compensation expense related to stock options awarded to employees and non-executive directors based on the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes valuation model.

<sup>(2)</sup> Represents legal and other professional expenses incurred during 2024 associated with the legal dispute with founder.

<sup>(3)</sup> Represents benefit from reversal of accrued payroll tax associated with RSU release to founder in 2019.

<sup>(4)</sup> Represents gain on extinguishment of debt related to our Streeterville note payable.

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