# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001734005
**File Stem:** 0001213900-25-096129
**Filing Date:** 2025-10
**Character Count:** 94977
**Document Hash:** 197518983d9bab646ae3943282fc74ae
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001213900-25-096129.hdr.sgml**: 20251003

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001213900-25-096129

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 6-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 76

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250630

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251003

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20251003

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Aptorum Group Ltd
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001734005
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** MEASURING & CONTROLLING DEVICES, NEC [3829]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 08 Industrial Applications and Services
- **EIN:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** E9
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 6-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-38764
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251374410

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 17 HANOVER SQUARE
- **CITY:** LONDON
- **STATE:** X0
- **ZIP:** W1S 1BN
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 852 3953 7700

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 17 HANOVER SQUARE
- **CITY:** LONDON
- **STATE:** X0
- **ZIP:** W1S 1BN

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 6-K**

**REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER**

**PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16**

**UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the month of October 2025**

**Commission File Number: 001-38764**

**Aptorum Group Limited**

17 Hanover Square

London W1S 1BN, United Kingdom

**(Address of principal executive office)**

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:

Form 20-F ☒&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Form 40-F ☐

**EXPLANATORY NOTE**

Aptorum Group Limited (the "Company") is furnishing this Form 6-K to provide six-months interim consolidated financial statements ended June 30, 2025 and to incorporate such consolidated financial statements into the Company's registration statements referenced below.

This Form 6-K is hereby incorporated by reference into the registration statements of the Company on [Form S-8](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1734005/000121390019012430/fs82019_aptorumgrouplimited.htm) (Registration Number 333-232591) and [Form F-3](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1734005/000121390022080746/ea170215-f3_aptorumgroup.htm) (Registration Number 333-268873) and into each prospectus outstanding under the foregoing registration statements, to the extent not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished by the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

**Financial Statements and Exhibits.**

<u>Exhibits</u>.

The following exhibits are attached.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit** | **Description** |
| 10.1 | [Merger Agreement by and between Aptorum and DiamiR, dated July 14, 2025 (incorporated by reference to the Curent Report on Form 6-K filed on July 22, 2025)](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1734005/000121390025066642/ea024961501ex2-1_aptorum.htm) |
| 10.2 | [Management Services Agreement by and between Aptorum Therapeutics and DiamiR, dated July 14, 2025 (incorporated by reference to the Curent Report on Form 6-K filed on July 22, 2025)](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1734005/000121390025066642/ea024961501ex10-1_aptorum.htm) |
| 10.3 | [Intellectual Property License Agreement by and between Aptorum Therapeutics, Aptorum, DiamiR LLC, and DiamiR, dated July 14, 2025 (incorporated by reference to the Curent Report on Form 6-K filed on July 22, 2025)](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1734005/000121390025066642/ea024961501ex10-2_aptorum.htm) |
| 10.4 | [Voting and Support Agreement by and between Aptorum and its major shareholder, dated July 14, 2025 (incorporated by reference to the Curent Report on Form 6-K filed on July 22, 2025)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1734005/000121390025066642/ea024961501ex10-3_aptorum.htm) |
| 10.5 | [Form of Stockholders Agreement (incorporated by reference to the Curent Report on Form 6-K filed on July 22, 2025)](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1734005/000121390025066642/ea024961501ex10-4_aptorum.htm) |
| 99.1 | [Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](ea025636201ex99-1_aptorum.htm) |
| 99.2 | [Operating and Financial Review and Prospects in Connection with the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](ea025636201ex99-2_aptorum.htm) |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |

---

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: October 3, 2025

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Aptorum Group Limited** | **Aptorum Group Limited** |
| By: | /s/ Ian Huen |
|  | Ian Huen |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 99.1

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**Exhibit 99.1**

**Financial Statements**

**Table of Contents**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024](#v_001) | F-2 |
| [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#v_002) | F-3 |
| [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#v_003) | F-4 |
| [Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#v_004) | F-5 |
| [Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements](#v_005) | F-6 |

---

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

**June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30,<br> 2025** | **December 31,<br> 2024** |
| **ASSETS** | | |
| **Current assets:** | | |
| Cash | $2756894 | $874238 |
| Other receivables and prepayments | 248846 | 85316 |
| **Total current assets** | 3005740 | 959554 |
| Long-term investments | 15098846 | 15098846 |
| Long-term deposits | - | 71823 |
| **Total Assets** | $18104586 | $16130223 |
| **LIABILITIES AND EQUITY** |  |  |
| **LIABILITIES** |  |  |
| **Current liabilities:** |  |  |
| Amounts due to related parties | $79700 | $79644 |
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 850750 | 918611 |
| Operating lease liabilities, current | 76992 | 102225 |
| Convertible notes to a related party | - | 3238500 |
| **Total current liabilities** | 1007442 | 4338980 |
| Operating lease liabilities, non-current | - | 14182 |
| Convertible notes to a related party, non-current | 3328500 | - |
| **Total Liabilities** | $4335942 | $4353162 |
| **Commitments and contingencies** | **-**  | **-**  |
| **EQUITY** |  |  |
| Class A Ordinary Shares ($0.00001 par value, 9,999,996,000,000 shares authorized, 5,346,823 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025; 3,811,823 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024) | $52 | $37 |
| Class B Ordinary Shares ($0.00001 par value; 4,000,000 shares authorized, 1,796,934 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2025) | 18 | 18 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 96174010 | 93474825 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss (income) | (169160) | 89162 |
| Accumulated deficit | (72871308) | (72429528) |
| **Total equity attributable to the shareholders of Aptorum Group Limited** | 23133612 | 21134514 |
| Non-controlling interests | (9364968) | (9357453) |
| **Total equity** | 13768644 | 11777061 |
| **Total Liabilities and Equity** | $18104586 | $16130223 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS**

**For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the six months ended <br> June 30,** | **For the six months ended <br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Operating expenses** |  |  |
| Research and development expenses | (19375) | (2038923) |
| General and administrative fees | (187422) | (326187) |
| Legal and professional fees | (418881) | (366164) |
| Other operating income (expenses) | 222912 | (137233) |
| Total operating expenses | (402766) | (2868507) |
| **Other (expenses) income** |  |  |
| Interest expense, net | (46529) | (68462) |
| Sundry income | - | 282353 |
| Loss on disposal of subsidiaries | - | (4271) |
| Total other (expenses) income, net | (46529) | 209620 |
| **Net loss** | $(449295) | $(2658887) |
| Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (7515) | (15091) |
| **Net loss attributable to Aptorum Group Limited** | $(441780) | $(2643796) |
| Net loss per share – basic and diluted | $(0.06) | $(0.50) |
| Weighted-average shares outstanding – basic and diluted | 7126796 | 5339608 |
| **Net loss** | $(449295) | $(2658887) |
| **Other comprehensive (loss) income** |  |  |
| Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations | (258322) | 861 |
| Other comprehensive (loss) income | (258322) | 861 |
| **Comprehensive loss** | (707617) | (2658026) |
| Less: comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (7515) | (15091) |
| **Comprehensive loss attributable to the shareholders of Aptorum Group Limited** | (700102) | (2642935) |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY**

**For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Class A<br> Ordinary Shares** | **Class A<br> Ordinary Shares** | **Class B <br> Ordinary Shares** | **Class B <br> Ordinary Shares** | | | | | |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional <br> Paid-in <br> Capital**<br>**Amount** | **Accumulated <br> deficit**<br>**Amount** | **Accumulated <br> other <br> comprehensive <br> (loss) income**<br>**Amount** | **Non-<br> controlling <br> interests**<br>**Amount** | **Total**<br>**Amount** |
| **Balance, January 1, 2025** | **3811823** | $**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;37** | **1796934** | $**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18** | $**93474825** | $**(72429528)** | $**89162** | $**(9357453)** | $**11777061**  |
| Placing of Class A Ordinary Shares | 1535000 | 15 |  | - | 2699185 | - | - | - | **2699200** |
| Net loss |  | - |  | - | - | (441780) | - | (7515) | **(449295)** |
| Exchange difference on translation of foreign operations | - | - | - | - | - | - | (258322) | - | **(258322)** |
| **Balance, June 30, 2025** | **5346823** | $**52** | **1796934** | $**18** | $**96174010** | $**(72871308)** | $**(169160)** | $**(9364968)** | $**13768644** |
| **Balance, January 1, 2024** | **2937921** | $**31** | **2243776** | $**22** | $**93018528** | $**(68161722)** | $**(10623)** | $**(9462883)** | $**15383353** |
| Conversion of Class B Ordinary Shares to Class A Ordinary Shares | 446842 | 4 | (446842) | (4) | - | - | - | - | **-**  |
| Net loss |  | - |  | - | - | (2643796) | - | (15091) | **(2658887)** |
| Exercise of share options | 289401 | 2 |  | - | 451658 | - | - | - | **451660** |
| Exchange difference on translation of foreign operations | - | - | - | - | - | - | 861 | - | **861** |
| **Balance, June 30, 2024** | **3674164** | $**37** | **1796934** | $**18** | $**93470186** | $**(70805518)** | $**(9762)** | $**(9477974)** | $**13176987** |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS**

**For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Cash flows from operating activities** |  |  |
| **Net cash used in operating activities** | (816544) | (1280887) |
| **Cash flows from investing activities** |  |  |
| **Net cash provided by investing activities** | - | 58621 |
| **Cash flows from financing activities** |  |  |
| **Proceeds from issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares** | 3070000 | - |
| **Payment of offering cost** | (370800) |  |
| **Net cash provided by financing activities** | 2699200 | - |
| Net decrease in cash | 1882656 | (1222266) |
| Cash - Beginning of period | 874238 | 2005351 |
| Cash - End of period | $2756894 | $783085 |
| **Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information** |  |  |
| Interest paid | $- | $- |
| Income taxes paid | $- | $- |
| **Non-cash operating, investing and financing activities** |  |  |
| Settlement of deferred cash bonus by issuance of share options or shares | $- | 451660 |

---

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS** 

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

**1. ORGANIZATION**

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Aptorum Group Limited (the "Company") and its subsidiaries of which the Company is the primary beneficiary (collectively the "Group").

The Company, formerly known as APTUS Holdings Limited and STRIKER ASIA OPPORTUNITIES FUND CORPORATION, is a company incorporated on September 13, 2010 under the laws of the Cayman Islands with limited liability.

The Company researches and develops life science and biopharmaceutical products within its wholly-owned subsidiary, Aptorum Therapeutics Limited, formerly known as APTUS Therapeutics Limited ("Aptorum Therapeutics") and its indirect subsidiary companies (collectively, "Aptorum Therapeutics Group").

**2. GOING CONCERN**

The Group reported a net loss of $449,295, working capital of $1,998,298 and net operating cash outflow of $816,544 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. In addition, the Group had an accumulated deficit of $72,871,308 as of June 30, 2025. The Group's operating results for future periods are subject to numerous uncertainties and it is uncertain if the Group will be able to reduce or eliminate its net losses for the foreseeable future. If management is not able to generate significant revenues from its product candidates currently in development, the Group may not be able to achieve profitability. Successful transition to attaining profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the Company's cost structure. In connection with the Company's assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board's Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-15, "Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern," management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these financial statements are issued.

If the Group is unable to generate sufficient funds to finance the working capital requirements of the Group within the normal operating cycle of a twelve-month period from the date of these financial statements are issued, the Group may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:

● other available sources of financing from banks and other financial institutions or private lender; and

● equity financing.

The Company can make no assurances that required financings will be available for the amounts needed, or on terms commercially acceptable to the Company, if at all. If one or all of these events does not occur or subsequent capital raises are insufficient to bridge financial and liquidity shortfall, there would likely be a material adverse effect on the Company and would materially adversely affect its ability to continue as a going concern.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Accordingly, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes the Group will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS** 

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

**3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**

<u>Principles of presentation and consolidation</u>

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Group are presented on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information, and with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. Unaudited interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full fiscal year. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its direct and indirect wholly and majority owned subsidiaries. In accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, Consolidation, the Group also consolidate any variable interest entity ("VIE") of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Group do not consolidate a VIE in which the Company has a majority ownership interest when the Company is not considered the primary beneficiary. The Company has determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary of one of the VIE (see Note 12, Variable Interest Entity). The Company evaluates its relationships with the VIE on an ongoing basis to determine whether it becomes the primary beneficiary. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

<u>Use of estimates</u>

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as income and expenses during the reporting period. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include fair value of long-term investments, fair value measurement for share options, impairment of long-lived assets, allowance for credit losses and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. There is no significant accounting estimate.

<u>Impairment of long-lived assets</u>

The Group prepares a qualitative assessment, and if necessary, a quantitative assessment, in determining whether long-lived assets may be impaired. The factors considered in the qualitative assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions and overall financial performance of the Group, among other factors. Under a quantitative assessment, the Group compares the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Group would recognize an impairment loss, which is the excess of carrying amount over the fair value of the assets, using the expected future discounted cash flows.

<u>Long-term investments</u>

The Group's long-term investments consist of equity method investment in common stocks and non-marketable investments in non-redeemable preferred shares of privately-held companies that are not required to be consolidated under the variable interest or voting models. Long-term investments are classified as non-current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as those investments do not have stated contractual maturity dates.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

*Non-marketable investments*

The non-marketable equity securities not accounted for under the equity method are measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. Adjustments are determined primarily based on a market approach as of the transaction date. The Group also makes a qualitative assessment of whether the investment is impaired at each reporting date. If a qualitative assessment indicates that the investment is impaired, the Group has to estimate the investment's fair value in accordance with the principles of ASC 820. If the fair value is less than the investment's carrying value, the Group recognizes an impairment loss in earnings equal to the difference between the carrying value and fair value.

*Equity method investment – Fair value option*

The Group elects the fair value option for an investment that would otherwise be accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Such election is irrevocable and is applied on an investment by investment basis at initial recognition. The fair value of such investments is based on quoted prices in an active market, if any, or recent orderly transactions for identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Changes in the fair value of these equity method investments are recognized in other (expenses) income, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

<u>Segment reporting</u>

The Group uses the management approach to determine operating segment. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Group's chief operating decision maker (''CODM'') for making decisions, allocation of resource and assessing performance.

The Group operates and manages its business as a single operating and reportable segment. The Group's CODM has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer who reviews the consolidated net loss when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. Significant segment expenses are the same as these presented under the operating costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations, and the difference between net revenue less the significant segment expenses and consolidated net income are the other segment items. The CODM reviews and utilizes these financial metrics together with non-financial metrics to make operation decisions, such as the determination of the fee rate at which the Company charges for its services and the allocation of budget between operating costs and expense.

The Group's long-lived assets are substantially all located in Hong Kong and substantially all of the Group's revenues are derived from within Hong Kong. Therefore, no geographical segments are presented.

<u>Operating leases</u>

At the inception of a contract, the Group determines if the arrangement is, or contains, a lease. Operating lease liabilities are recognized at lease commencement based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Operating lease right-of-use assets are initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for lease payments made at or before the lease commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and less any lease incentives received. As the rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined, the Group uses incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date in determining the imputed interest and present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is determined based on the rate of interest that the Group would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term in a similar economic environment. The lease term for all of the Group's leases includes the non-cancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Group's option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Group is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease controlled by the lessor. For operating leases, the Group recognizes a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term.

The Group has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less and the Group recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease terms.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

<u>Recently issued accounting standards which have not yet been adopted</u>

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments address more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The ASU also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis. The Group is still evaluating the effect of the adoption of this guidance.

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses ("ASU 2024-03"), and in January 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date ("ASU 2025-01"). ASU 2024-03 requires additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement as well as disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented in the income statement. ASU 2024-03, as clarified by ASU 2025-01, is effective for the Company's annual reporting for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2028 and for interim period reporting beginning in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2029 on a prospective basis. Both early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

The Group does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

**4. INVESTMENT AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT** 

**Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis**

The assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $nil and $nil respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no movement in Level 3 assets measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

**Non-marketable investments**

The Group's non-marketable investments are investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values. The carrying value of the non-marketable investments are adjusted based on price changes from observable transactions of identical or similar securities of the same issuer (referred to as the measurement alternative) or for impairment if the carrying amount of the non-marketable investments may not be fully recoverable. Any changes in carrying value are recorded within other (expenses) income, net in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were no movement in annual upward or downwards adjustments and impairment recorded in other (expenses) income, net, and included as adjustments to the carrying value of non-marketable investments held as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 based on the observable price in an orderly transaction for the same or similar security of the same issuers.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Group did not sell any non-marketable investments or recorded any realized gains or losses for the non-marketable investments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

The following table summarizes the total carrying value of the non-marketable investments held as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 including cumulative unrealized upward and downward adjustments and impairment made to the initial cost basis of the investments:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30,<br> 2025** | **December 31, <br> 2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | |
| Initial cost basis | $4079707 | $4079707 |
| Upward adjustments | 12539960 | 12539960 |
| Downward adjustments and impairment | (1520821) | (1520821) |
| Total carrying value at the end of the period | $15098846 | $15098846 |

---

The Group did not transfer any non-marketable investments into marketable securities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024, one of the non-marketable investments with initial cost of $2.6 million and had a carrying value of $15.1 million was pledged for a convertible note issued to a related party (Note 15).

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

**Equity method investment, fair value option**

In December 2021, one of the Group's subsidiaries, Libra Sciences Limited ("Libra", formerly known as Aptorum Pharmaceutical Development Limited), issued Class A and Class B ordinary shares to various parties in exchange of licenses or cash. Each Class A share of Libra is entitled to 1 vote while each Class B share of Libra is entitled to 10 votes. Upon the share issuance, the Group was holding 97.27% economic interest and 31.51% voting power in Libra. The Group lost the controlling interest in Libra because it was transferred to a third party, and therefore deconsolidated Libra. However, the Group still owns 97.27% economic interest and 31.51% voting power, which is deemed as having significant influence over Libra. As a result, the Group's investment in Libra is subject to the equity method of accounting. The Group assessed that the fair value option can better reflect the true value of Libra. Pursuant to ASC 825 – Financial Instruments ("ASC 825"), the Group elected to apply the fair value option for its investments in Libra and will remeasure its investments in Libra at fair value every reporting period. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Group has determined that the carrying value of the investment is not recoverable and this condition is determined to be other-than-temporary. Consequently, an impairment for the investment of $77,200 has been recognized as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

**5. OTHER RECEIVABLES AND PREPAYMENTS**

Other receivables and prepayments as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30, <br> 2025** | **December 31, <br> 2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | |
| Prepaid insurance | 93844 | 17794 |
| Prepaid service fee | 60393 | 50538 |
| Rental deposits | 75221 | 4206 |
| Other receivables | 13659 | 4545 |
| Others | 5729 | 8233 |
|  | $248846 | $85316 |

---

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

**6. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET**

Property and equipment as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30,<br> 2025** | **December 31,<br> 2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | |
| Computer equipment | $69291 | $69291 |
| Furniture, fixture, and office and medical equipment | 32435 | 32435 |
| Leasehold improvements | 108187 | 108187 |
| Laboratory equipment | 4335722 | 4335722 |
| Motor vehicle under finance leases | 239093 | 239093 |
|  | 4784728 | 4784728 |
| Less: accumulated depreciation and impairment | 4784728 | 4784728 |
| Property and equipment, net | $- | $- |

---

Depreciation expenses for property and equipment amounted to nil and $235,827 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, an impairment loss relating to laboratory equipment, computer equipment, and furniture, fixture, and office equipment amounted to $1,421,782 and $5,520 were recorded in research and development expenses and other operating expenses, respectively, as the Group considered that the carrying amount of these property and equipment may not be recoverable.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, gain on disposal of fixed assets of $nil and $58,621, respectively, were recorded in other operating expenses.

**7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET**

Amortization expenses for intangible assets amounted to nil and $19,219 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, an impairment loss amounted to $128,128 was recognized in research and development expenses as the Group considered that the carrying amount of an intangible asset related to a patented license for a lead project may not be recoverable.

**8. LONG-TERM DEPOSITS**

Long-term deposits as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30,<br> 2025** | **December 31,<br> 2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | |
| Rental deposits | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - | $71823 |

---

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

**9. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES**

Accounts payable and accrued expenses as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30,<br> 2025** | **December 31,<br> 2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | |
| Research and development expenses payable | $728793 | $778205 |
| Professional fees payable | 109300 | 127031 |
| Others | 12657 | 13375 |
|  | $850750 | $918611 |

---

**10. INCOME TAXES**

The Company and its subsidiaries file tax returns separately.

<u>Income taxes</u>

Cayman Islands: under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company and its subsidiaries in the Cayman Islands are not subject to taxes on their income and capital gains.

Hong Kong: in accordance with the relevant tax laws and regulations of Hong Kong, a company registered in Hong Kong is subject to income taxes within Hong Kong at the applicable tax rate on taxable income. All the Hong Kong subsidiaries that are not entitled to any tax holiday were subject to income tax at a rate of 16.5%. The subsidiaries of the Group in Hong Kong did not have assessable profits that were derived Hong Kong during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Therefore, no Hong Kong profit tax has been provided for in the periods presented.

United Kingdom: in accordance with the relevant tax laws and regulations of United Kingdom, a company registered in the United Kingdom is subject to income taxes within the United Kingdom at the applicable tax rate on taxable income. All the United Kingdom subsidiaries that are not entitled to any tax holiday were subject to income tax at a rate of 19%. The subsidiary of the Group in the United Kingdom did not have assessable profits that were derived from the United Kingdom during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Therefore, no United Kingdom profit tax has been provided for in the periods presented.

Singapore: in accordance with the relevant tax laws and regulations of Singapore, a company registered in the Singapore is subject to income taxes within Singapore at the applicable tax rate on taxable income. All the Singapore subsidiaries that are not entitled to any tax holiday were subject to income tax at a rate of 17%. The subsidiary in Singapore did not have assessable profits that were derived from Singapore during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Therefore, no Singapore profit tax has been provided for in the periods presented.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

United States (Nevada): in accordance with the relevant tax laws and regulations of the United States, a company registered in the United States is subject to income taxes within the United States at the applicable tax rate on taxable income. All the United States subsidiaries in Nevada that are not entitled to any tax holiday were subject to income tax at a rate of 21%. The subsidiary in the United States did not have assessable profits that were derived from the United States during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Therefore, no United States profit tax has been provided for in the periods presented.

On a semi-annually basis, the Group evaluates the realizability of deferred tax assets by jurisdiction and assesses the need for a valuation allowance. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Group considers historical profitability, evaluation of scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax-planning strategies. Valuation allowances have been provided on deferred tax assets where, based on all available evidence, it was considered more likely than not that some portion or all of the recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. After consideration of all positive and negative evidence, the Group believes that as of June 30, 2025, it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

**11. RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS**

The following is a list of a director and related parties to which the Group has transactions with:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Ian Huen, the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director of the Group since November 2023. He was a Non-executive Director from June 2022 to November 2023. Before June 2022, he was the Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director;

(b) Aeneas Group Limited, an entity controlled by Ian Huen;

(c) Jurchen Investment Corporation, the holding company and an entity controlled by Ian Huen;

(d) Libra Sciences Limited, an entity which was originally a wholly owned subsidiary of Aptorum Therapeutics Limited ("ATL"). Since December 30, 2021, Libra has been turned into a related party to the Group due to the voting power owned by ATL is decreased to below 50% but more than 20%; (Note 12).

<u>Amounts due from related party</u>

Amounts due from related party consisted of the following as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30, <br> 2025** | **December 31, <br> 2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | |
| **Current** | | |
| Libra Sciences Limited (Note b) | $519002 | $522192 |
| Allowance for credit loss | (519002) | (522192) |
| Total | $- | $- |

---

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

<u>Amounts due to related parties</u>

Amounts due to related parties consisted of the following as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30, <br> 2025** | **December 31, <br> 2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | |
| **Current** | | |
| Aeneas Group Limited (Note a) | $79180 | $79180 |
| Ian Huen | 520 | 464 |
|  | $79700 | $79644 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30, <br> 2025** | **December 31, <br> 2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | |
| **Convertible notes to a related party - Current** | | |
| Jurchen Investment Corporation (Note 15) | $- | $3238500 |
| **Convertible notes to a related party – Non-current** |  |  |
| Jurchen Investment Corporation (Note 15) | $3328500 | $- |

---

<u>Related party transactions</u>

Related party transactions consisted of the following for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the six months ended <br> June 30,** | **For the six months ended <br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** |
| Interest expenses (Note 15) |  |  |
| - Jurchen Investment Corporation | $90000 | 90000 |

---

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

Note a: On August 13, 2019, Aptorum Therapeutics Limited ("ATL"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into financing arrangements with Aeneas Group Limited, a related party, and Jurchen Investment Corporation, the ultimate parent of the Group, allowing ATL to access up to a total $15 million in line of credit debt financing. Both line of credits have originally matured on August 12, 2022. ATL and Aeneas Group Limited has mutually agreed to extend the line of credit arrangement further 3 years to August 12, 2024. The interest on the outstanding principal indebtedness is at the rate of 8% per annum. ATL may early repay, in whole or in part, the principal indebtedness and all interest accrued at any time prior to the maturity date without the prior written consent of the lender and without payment of any premium or penalty. As of the date of this unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, the undrawn line of credit facility is $12 million.

Note b: On January 13, 2022, ATL entered a line of credit facility with Libra Sciences Limited to provide up to a total $1 million line of credit for its daily operation. The line of credit is originally matured on January 12, 2023, and is extended for additional 3 years. The interest on the outstanding principal indebtedness is at the rate of 10% per annum. ATL and Libra Science Limited mutually agreed to terminate the line of credit agreement effect as of March 31, 2023. All existing liabilities arising from the line of credit agreement shall remain enforceable and repayable on demand by ATL. As of the issuance date of this unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, $0.5 million is outstanding from Libra Sciences Limited. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024, the Group has assessed that the amounts due from Libra Science Limited and its subsidiary are potentially unrecoverable. Accordingly, as at period ended 30 June 2025 an allowance for credit loss amounting to $0.5 million has been recognized.

**12. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITY**

The Company consolidates VIEs in which the Group has a variable interest and is determined to be the primary beneficiary. This determination is based on whether the Group has a variable interest (or combination of variable interests) that provides the Company with (a) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant to the VIE. The Group continually reassesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE throughout the entire period the Group is involved with the VIE.

On December 30, 2021, three of the Group's subsidiaries, Libra Sciences Limited ("Libra", formerly known as Aptorum Pharmaceutical Development Limited), Mios Pharmaceuticals Limited ("Mios") and Scipio Life Sciences Limited ("Scipio"), issued Class A and Class B ordinary shares to various parties; for each such entity, each Class A ordinary share is entitled to 1 vote and 1 share of economic benefit of the respective company, while each Class B ordinary share is entitled to 10 votes and 0.001 share of economic benefit of the respective company. Following such share issuances, the Group lost its majority voting rights in each of these three companies and only holds 48.33%, 48.39% and 48.36% economic interest in Libra, Mios and Scipio, respectively. However, the Company still holds a majority of each of these three company's outstanding Class A ordinary shares and therefore will absorb/receive portions of these subsidiaries' expected losses or residual returns. In addition, none of these three companies have sufficient equity to sustain its own activities, and they have two classes of ordinary shares which have different rights, benefits and obligations. The Company determined that all these three companies are variable interest entities ("VIE"). On December 31, 2021, Libra, Mios and Scipio further issued Class A ordinary shares to a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company in exchange of certain projects licenses. Upon these share issuances, the Company, through a wholly owned subsidiary, was holding 97.27% economic interest and 31.51% voting power in Libra, 97.93% economic interest and 36.17% voting power in Mios, and 97.93% economic interest and 35.06% voting power in Scipio, respectively.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

The Company has considered each of these entity's Memorandum and Article of Association and their respective board of directors (the sole director of each of Mios and Scipio is an executive director of the Group), and determined that The Company has the power to manage and make decisions that affect Mios and Scipio's research and development activities, which activities most significantly impact Mios and Scipio's economic performance. However, the Company does not have such power over Libra's research and development activities, which activities most significantly impact Libra's economic performance. Accordingly, the Company determined that it is the primary beneficiary of Mios and Scipio, but not the primary beneficiary of Libra.

In November 2024, the Group acquired 10,000 Class A Ordinary Shares and 5,850,000 Class B Ordinary Shares of Scipio, achieving control over the entity. As a result of this acquisition, Scipio is no longer classified as a VIE under the Group and it became a subsidiary under the Group.

In October 2024, Mios was dissolved and ceased operation and it was deemed disposed by the Group.

As at period ended June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the asset and liability of the consolidated VIE is both zero.

The Group's maximum exposure to loss from its involvement with unconsolidated VIE represents the estimated loss that would be incurred if the VIE is liquidated, so that the fair value of the equity investment in VIE is zero and the amounts due from the VIE have to be fully impaired.

**13. LEASE**

As of June 30, 2025, the Group has a non-short-term operating lease for laboratory with remaining term expiring in 2026 and a remaining lease term of 0.7 years. Weighted average discount rates used in the calculation of the operating lease liability is 8%. The discount rates reflect the estimated incremental borrowing rate, which includes an assessment of the credit rating to determine the rate that the Group would have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis for a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** |
| Lease cost |  |  |
| Operating lease cost | $- | $45167 |
| Short-term lease cost | - | 2062 |
| Total lease cost | $- | $47229 |
| Other information |  |  |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating cash flows from operating leases | $39415 | $80015 |
| Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases | 0.7 years | 1.7 years |
| Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases | 8.0% | 8.0% |

---

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, an impairment loss of nil and $144,051, respectively, on right-of-use assets was recognized in other operating expenses as the Group considered that the carrying amount of a right-of-use asset related to leases of laboratory and clinic may not be recoverable.

The maturity analysis of operating leases liabilities as of June 30, 2025 is as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30,<br> 2025** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** |
| Remaining periods ending December 31, |  |
| 2025 | 56068 |
| 2026 | 24573 |
| Total future undiscounted cash flow | 80641 |
| Less: Discount on operating lease liabilities | (3649) |
| Present value of operating lease liabilities | 76992 |

---

**14. ORDINARY SHARES**

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Group issued 289,401, respectively, Class A Ordinary Shares to share option holders due to exercise of share options.

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Group issued 446,842 Class A Ordinary Shares to Class B Ordinary Shares holders upon conversion.

On January 2, 2025, the Company entered into a certain securities purchase agreement (the "Securities Purchase Agreement") with certain non-affiliated institutional investors (the "Purchasers") pursuant to which the Company sold 1,535,000 Class A ordinary shares of the Company (the "Shares"), par value $0.00001 per share (the "Ordinary Shares") at a per share price of $2.00 in a registered direct offering, for gross proceeds of $3,070,000 (the "Offering"). and the net proceeds after deducting the related expense is $2,699,200 The Securities Purchase Agreement was fully executed on January 3, 2025.

Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares have the same rights except for the following: (i) each Class A Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote while each Class B Ordinary Share is entitled to ten votes; and (ii) each Class B Ordinary Share is convertible into one Class A Ordinary Share at any time while Class A Ordinary Shares are not convertible under any circumstances.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

**15. CONVERTIBLE NOTE**

On September 11, 2023, the Group entered into a securities purchase agreement with Jurchen Investment Corporation, the largest shareholder of the Company, pursuant to which the Group sold a secured convertible note in the aggregate principal amount of $3,000,000 (the "Sep 2023 Notes"). The Sep 2023 Notes are convertible into the Company's Class A Ordinary Shares and have a maturity date that is 24 months from the issuance date, although upon such date the investor has the right to extend the term of the Sep 2023 Note for twelve (12) months or more or such term subject to mutual consent. On September 11, 2025, the Group entered into an extension agreement with Jurchen Investment Corporation to extend the Sep 2023 Notes further for 12 months. The Sep 2023 Notes have an interest rate of 6% per annum and a conversion price of $2.42 per share. The Company has the right to repay the principal amount of the Sep 2023 Notes, but in the case of such prepayment it must be paid in cash, unless otherwise agreed by both parties. The Sep 2023 Note is secured by a first priority lien and security interest on certain preferred shares that the Group owns ("Collateral") (Note 4). Upon the Group's disposal of all or a portion of the Collateral, the investor has the right, to request that the Group prepay the then-remaining outstanding balance of the Sep 2023 Note, in part or in full and the Group can make that payment in cash or in shares.

**16. SHARE BASED COMPENSATION**

<u>Share option plan</u>

A summary of the option activity as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 and changes during the period is presented below:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Number of <br> share <br> options** | **Weighted <br> average <br> exercise <br> price<br> $** | **Remaining <br> contractual <br> term in <br> years** | **Aggregate<br> Intrinsic<br> value<br> $** |
| Outstanding, January 1, 2025 | - | - | - |  |
| Outstanding, June 30, 2025 | - | - | - | - |
| Exercisable, June 30, 2025 | - | - | - |  |
| Vested, June 30, 2025 | - | - | - |  |
| Outstanding, January 1, 2024 | 427060 | 3.59 | 9.28 |  |
| Exercised | (289401) | 4.03 |  | 1384653 |
| Outstanding, June 30, 2024 | 137659 | 2.68 | 9.26 | 234296 |
| Exercisable, June 30, 2024 | 137659 | 2.68 | 9.26 | 234296 |
| Vested, June 30, 2024 | 137659 | 2.68 | 9.26 | 234296 |

---

The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model under the following assumptions.

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

**17. NET LOSS PER SHARE**

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the six months ended <br> June 30,** | **For the six months ended <br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** |
| Numerator: |  |  |
| Net loss attributable to Aptorum Group Limited | $(441780) | $(2643796) |
| Denominator: |  |  |
| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 7126796 | 5339608 |
| Basic and diluted loss per share | $(0.06) | $(0.50) |

---

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised or converted into ordinary shares. Potential dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share in loss periods as their effect would be anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the total number of share options, warrants and convertible notes excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share due to their anti-dilutive nature, are 1,392,277 and 1,431,382, respectively.

**18. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES**

<u>Contingent payment obligation</u>

As of June 30, 2025, the Group does not have any non-cancellable purchase commitments.

The Group has contingency payment obligations under each of the license agreements, such as milestone payments, royalties, research and development funding, if certain condition or milestone is met.

Milestone payments are to be made upon achievements of certain conditions, such as Investigational New Drugs ("IND") filing or U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") approval, first commercial sale of the licensed products, or other achievements. The aggregate amount of the milestone payments that the Group is required to pay up to different achievements of conditions and milestones for all the license agreements signed as of June 30, 2025 are as below:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Amount**<br>**(unaudited)** |
| **Drug molecules: up to the conditions and milestones of** | |
| From entering phase 1 to before first commercial sale | 920000 |
| First commercial sale | 800000 |
| Net sales amount more than certain threshold in a year | 7000000 |
| Subtotal | 8720000 |

---

**APTORUM GROUP LIMITED**

**NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Stated in U.S. Dollars)**

For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Group incurred $nil and $60,659 milestone payments respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Group did not incur any royalties or research and development funding.

<u>Legal proceedings</u>

The Group is party to a lawsuit initially filed on notice on September 3, 2024, by Karen Cheung ("Plaintiff") in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York ("State Court Action") (Index No. 654541/2024), which sought relief arising from (i) violations of the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act ("RICO"), 18 § U.S.C. 1961(c), (ii)conspiracy to violate RICO, 18 U.S.C. § 1961(d), (iii) fraud, (iii) breach of fiduciary duty, (iv) negligent misrepresentation, (v) unjust enrichment, (vi) civil conspiracy and (vii) violations of the federal Securities Act of 1933, 15 § U.S.C. 77a et. seq. On December 27, 2024, the Group filed a Notice of Removal in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Case No.1:24-cv-09969-VSB-OTW) removing the State Court Action to federal court. On December 30, 2024, the Group filed a demand for service of the complaint on the Group. Plaintiff filed and served her Complaint on the Group on February 24, 2025, alleging claims for (i) violations of RICO 18 U.S.C. § 1962(c), (ii) conspiracy to violate RICO 18 U.S.C. § 1962(d), (iii) fraud; (iv) aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, (v) unjust enrichment, and (vi) civil conspiracy. Following a motion, Plaintiff was granted leave to amend her Complaint and filed a First Amended Complaint on June 2, 2025. The parties entered into a briefing schedule on the Group's anticipated motion to dismiss ("Motion to Dismiss"), and the Group filed its opening brief on the Motion to Dismiss on July 18, 2025. Plaintiff filed her opposition to the Motion to Dismiss on September 5, 2025, and the Company's reply in support of the Motion to Dismiss is due on October 6, 2025. The Group continues to believe that Plaintiff's claims have no merit. As such, the Group will continue to vigorously defend against Plaintiff's claims. At this time, it is too early to estimate the costs and expenses of defending the lawsuit.

From time to time, the Group may be subject to certain legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, the Group does not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of income or liquidity.

**19. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS**

The Group has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Except for the events disclosed elsewhere in the unaudited condensed financial statements and the following events with material financial impact on the Group's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statement, no other subsequent event is identified that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

On July 14, 2025 the Group and DiamiR Biosciences Corp. ("DiamiR"), have entered into a definitive agreement for an all-stock merger transaction, in which DiamiR will retain its name and become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Aptorum Group upon consummation of the merger. The combined company expects to remain listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market following the closing of the merger. Under the terms of the merger agreement and subject to stockholder approval, the Company will re-domicile to the state of Delaware prior to the closing of the merger ("Domestication"), and following the Domestication, acquire all of the outstanding capital stock of DiamiR in exchange for a number of shares of its common stock which will represent approximately 70% of the outstanding common stock of the Group, with the current equity holders of the Group retaining 30% of the common stock immediately following the consummation of the merger. The merger agreement has been approved by the boards of directors of both companies, and is subject to stockholder approval of both companies and other customary closing conditions. The proposed merger is expected to close in the fourth quarter 2025.

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, DiamiR and Aptorum Therapeutics, entered into a management services agreement, pursuant to which, Aptorum Therapeutics shall pay a monthly service fee and reimburse expenses to DiamiR in exchange for the officers and employees of DiamiR providing services to Aptorum Therapeutics to develop a diagnostic test for early detection and monitoring of progression of glioblastoma until the earlier of the closing of the Merger or December 31, 2025. In addition, concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, DiamiR, DiamiR LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of DiamiR, the Company and Aptorum Therapeutics entered into an intellectual property license agreement ("Licensing Agreement"), pursuant to which DiamiR and DiamiR LLC shall license on a non-exclusive basis their respective intellectual properties to Aptorum Therapeutics in exchange for upfront and periodic payments and royalties until the earlier of the closing of the Merger or December 31, 2025. Ian Huen, the Group's Chairman and CEO, who beneficially owns approximately 87% of the Group's total voting power, signed a voting and support agreement simultaneously with the execution of the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which he agreed to vote in favor of the transactions contemplated in the Merger Agreement.

## Exhibit 99.2

**Exhibit 99.2**

**OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS**

**IN CONNECTION WITH THE UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2025 AND 2024**

*You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Report on Form 6-K and with the discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 30, 2025 (the "2024 Form 20-F"). This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in the 2024 Form 20-F under the section titled "Risk Factors" and in other parts of the 2024 Form 20-F. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.*

**Overview**

We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the discovery, development and commercialization of therapeutic assets to treat diseases with unmet medical needs, particularly in oncology (including orphan oncology indications) and infectious diseases. The pipeline of Aptorum is also enriched through the co-development of Paths<sup>Dx</sup> Test, a novel molecular-based rapid pathogen identification and detection diagnostics technology with Accelerate Technologies Pte Ltd, commercialization arm of the Singapore's Agency for Science, Technology and Research.

Based on our evaluation of preliminary data and our consideration of a number of factors including substantial unmet needs, benefits over existing therapies, potential market size, competition in market, the Company decides how to prioritize its resources among projects. Overall, our rationale for selecting Lead Projects is not based on any mechanical formula or rigid selection criteria, but instead focused on a combination of the factors and individual attributes of the Lead Projects themselves.

Our goal is to develop a broad range of novel and repurposed therapeutics and diagnostics technology across a wide range of disease/therapeutic areas. Key components of our strategy for achieving this goal include:

● Developing therapeutic and diagnostic innovations across a wide range of disease/therapeutic areas;

● Selectively expanding our portfolio with potential products that may be able to attain orphan drug designation and/or satisfy current unmet medical needs;

● Collaborating with leading academic institutions and CROs;

● Expanding our in-house pharmaceutical development center;

● Leveraging our management's expertise, experience and commercial networks;

● Obtaining and leveraging government grants to fund project development.

We have devoted a substantial portion of the proceeds from our offerings to our Lead Projects. Our Lead Projects are ALS-4, SACT-1 and Paths<sup>Dx</sup>.

During the second quarter of 2023, the Company made a decision to streamline its operations by terminating clinic services and suspending non-lead R&D projects. This measure is aimed at optimizing the allocation of its resources and focusing its efforts on advancing lead projects, which hold the most promise for commercial success and beneficial impact. This decision aligns with the Company's commitment to enhance shareholder value and effectively drive its core objectives forward in the competitive landscape.

On March 1, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement") by and among Company, and YOOV Group Holding Limited, a BVI business company organized under the laws of British Virgin Islands ("YOOV") to effect a merger among the parties (the "Merger"); the Company decided to pause the majority of its R&D activities to focus on the merger to ensure optimal allocation of resources and maximize shareholder value. On October 25, 2024, the Company and Yoov mutually agreed to terminate the Merger Agreement, and therefore the potential merger was abandoned. The Company will continue to explore other reverse takeover or business combination opportunities that are expected to be accretive to shareholder value.

The Company is party to a lawsuit initially filed on notice on September 3, 2024, by Karen Cheung ("Plaintiff") in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York ("State Court Action") (Index No. 654541/2024), which sought relief arising from (i) violations of the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act ("RICO"), 18 § U.S.C. 1961(c), (ii)conspiracy to violate RICO, 18 U.S.C. § 1961(d), (iii) fraud, (iii) breach of fiduciary duty, (iv) negligent misrepresentation, (v) unjust enrichment, (vi) civil conspiracy and (vii) violations of the federal Securities Act of 1933, 15 § U.S.C. 77a et. seq. On December 27, 2024, the Company filed a Notice of Removal in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Case No.1:24-cv-09969-VSB-OTW) removing the State Court Action to federal court. On December 30, 2024, the Company filed a demand for service of the complaint on the Company. Plaintiff filed and served her Complaint on the Company on February 24, 2025, alleging claims for (i) violations of RICO 18 U.S.C. § 1962(c), (ii) conspiracy to violate RICO 18 U.S.C. § 1962(d), (iii) fraud; (iv) aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, (v) unjust enrichment, and (vi) civil conspiracy. Following a motion, Plaintiff was granted leave to amend her Complaint and filed a First Amended Complaint on June 2, 2025. The parties entered into a briefing schedule on the Company's anticipated motion to dismiss ("Motion to Dismiss"), and the Company filed its opening brief on the Motion to Dismiss on July 18, 2025. Plaintiff filed her opposition to the Motion to Dismiss on September 5, 2025, and the Company's reply in support of the Motion to Dismiss is due on October 6, 2025. The Company continues to believe that Plaintiff's claims have no merit. As such, the Company will continue to vigorously defend against Plaintiff's claims. At this time, it is too early to estimate the costs and expenses of defending the lawsuit.

**Merger with DiamiR Biosciences Corp.**

On July 14, 2025, the Company and DiamiR Biosciences Corp., a Delaware corporation ("DiamiR"), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger on July 14, 2025, (the "Merger Agreement"), pursuant to which, among other matters, Aptorum will form a direct, wholly owned subsidiary in the state of Delaware ("Merger Sub"), which will merge with and into DiamiR, with DiamiR surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Aptorum , and the surviving corporation of the merger with the Merger Sub (the "Merger"). Aptorum following the Merger is referred to herein as the "Combined Company."

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, DiamiR and Aptorum Therapeutics Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("Aptorum Therapeutics"), entered into a management services agreement, pursuant to which, Aptorum Therapeutics shall pay a monthly service fee and reimburse expenses to DiamiR in exchange for the officers and employees of DiamiR providing services to Aptorum Therapeutics to develop a diagnostic test for early detection and monitoring of progression of glioblastoma until the earlier of the closing of the Merger or December 31, 2025. In addition, concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, DiamiR, DiamiR LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of DiamiR, the Company and Aptorum Therapeutics entered into an intellectual property license agreement ("Licensing Agreement"), pursuant to which DiamiR and DiamiR LLC shall license on a non-exclusive basis their respective intellectual properties to Aptorum Therapeutics in exchange for upfront and periodic payments and royalties until the earlier of the closing of the Merger or December 31, 2025. Ian Huen, Aptorum's Chairman and CEO, who beneficially owns approximately 87% of the Company's total voting power, signed a voting and support agreement simultaneously with the execution of the Merger Agreement, pursuant to which he agreed to vote in favor of the transactions contemplated in the Merger Agreement. Upon closing, Aptorum and certain stockholders of DiamiR, who collectively own 84.9% of DiamiR's outstanding shares, will sign a stockholders agreement ("Stockholders Agreement"), which will be effective so long as the stockholders of DiamiR beneficially own, in the aggregate, a number of shares of common stock of the Combined Company equal to at least 25% of the then outstanding shares of the Combined Company (such beneficial ownership, the "DiamiR Stockholders Beneficial Ownership"; such period, the "Appointment Period"). The parties agree that, during the Appointment Period, they will take all necessary actions to cause the number of directors at the Board of the Combined Company to be fixed at five (5). In addition, Kira S. Sheinerman, the co-founder and a stockholder of DiamiR, and her affiliates ("DiamiR Primary Stockholder Parties") will have the right to appoint two (2) designees (each designee, the "Primary Stockholder Designee", collectively, the "Primary Stockholder Designees") for nomination and election to the Board of Combined Company, and at least one (1) designee shall satisfy the independence requirements of Rule 5605(c)(2)(A) of the Nasdaq listing rules, provided that the DiamiR Stockholders Beneficial Ownership is not less than 36%, and the DiamiR Primary Stockholder Parties will have the right to appoint one (1) director nominee to the Board of Combined Company, provided that the DiamiR Stockholders Beneficial Ownership is no less than 25%. For the election of directors of the Combined Company: (1) each stockholder of DiamiR, who is a party to the Stockholders Agreement, will agree to vote all of its shares of the Combined Company in favor of each Primary Stockholder Designee; (2) with respect to the election of nominees who are not Primary Stockholder Designees, (a) until Aptorum's 2027 annual stockholders meeting (the "2027 Meeting"), each stockholder of DiamiR will agree to vote all of its shares of the Combined Company in accordance with the recommendations of the nominating and governance committee of the Board of the Combined Company; and (b) beginning at the 2027 Meeting and at each annual meeting thereafter: (i) each stockholder of DiamiR, who is a party to the Stockholders Agreement, may vote, in its sole discretion, all of its shares of the Combined Company in favor of one additional nominee who is not an Primary Stockholder Designee; provided that if the number of directors constituting the Board of the Combined Company is increased above five (5), then the number of additional nominees (i) shall automatically increase by such number of additional directors (each such additional nominee or nominees, as applicable, an "Primary Stockholder Nominee"); and (ii) with respect to any uncontested election of a nominee who is not a Primary Stockholder Designee or a Primary Stockholder Nominee, each Stockholder shall vote its shares of the Combined Company in the same manner as, and in the same proportion to, all shares voted by stockholders of the Combined Company, excluding the votes or actions of the stockholders of DiamiR with respect to its shares of the Combined Company. For all other proposals or resolutions to be voted on by the stockholders of the Combined Company, each stockholder of DiamiR, who is a party to the Stockholders Agreement, may vote all of its shares of the Combined Company in its sole discretion. In addition, DiamiR will appoint Alidad Mireskandari as a non-voting observer (the "Observer") to the Board of Combined Company upon closing of the DiamiR Merger until the earliest of (i) two (2) years from the date thereof, (ii) the Observer's death, disability, retirement or resignation or (iii) such time as may be determined by a majority of the directors of Combined Company who are Primary Stockholder Designees. Furthermore, so long as the DiamiR Stockholder Beneficial Ownership is no less than 25%, the Combined Company should obtain prior written approval from the DiamiR Primary Stockholder Parties for certain significant corporate actions, including but not limited to (i) voluntary dissolution, winding up or bankruptcy of the Combined Company or any significant subsidiary of it; (ii) issuance of common stock or securities convertible into the shares of common stock representing more than 10% of the outstanding shares of the Combined Company in a six-month period; (iii) any amendment to the governing documents of the Combined Company that will adversely affect the Primary Stockholder Designee, or the Combined Company's ability to fulfill its obligations under the Stockholders Agreement; (iv) any acquisition, sale of assets, merger, amalgamation nor consolidation transactions; and (v) replacement of the CEO or CFO of the Combined Company.

If, at any time that the DiamiR Stockholder Beneficial Ownership is less than 25%, the Primary Stockholder Parties shall no longer have any right to designate any nominee for election to the Board of the Combined Company, or have the right to veto on the significant corporate actions as set forth in the Stockholders Agreement.

Immediately prior to the closing of the Merger, Aptorum will transfer by way of continuation to and domesticate as a Delaware corporation (the "Domestication"; the Company immediately following the Domestication and prior to the closing of Merger, "Aptorum Delaware"). In connection with the Domestication, each then issued and outstanding Class A ordinary share of Aptorum will convert automatically, on a one-for-one basis, into a share of common stock of Aptorum Delaware, and each then issued and outstanding Class B ordinary share of Aptorum will convert automatically into a share of common stock of Aptorum Delaware and a share of non-voting and non-convertible Series A preferred stock of Aptorum Delaware.

At the effective time of the Merger (the "Effective Time"), each then-outstanding share of DiamiR's common stock, other than dissenting shares, will be converted into a number of shares of Aptorum Delaware common stock equal to the Conversion Ratio described in more detail in the section titled "The Merger Agreement-Conversion Ratio" (the "Conversion Ratio"). Immediately following the closing of the Merger, stockholders of DiamiR and existing Aptorum shareholders will own approximately 70% and 30%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the Combined Company.

The Merger Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of the parties thereto, as well as certain covenants governing the conduct of each parties respective business between the date of the Merger Agreement and the Closing or the earlier termination of the Merger Agreement. The Merger Agreement also includes customary closing conditions, including shareholder approval of certain matters related to the Merger and Aptorum maintaining a certain amount of cash balance and working capital.

The Merger Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and agreements and obligations, conditions to closing and termination provisions. The foregoing descriptions of terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement, Management Services Agreement, Intellectual Property License Agreement, voting and Support Agreement and Stockholders Agreement do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by the full text of the form of the such documents which are attached hereto as exhibits.

***About DiamiR***

DiamiR was incorporated in Delaware on June 16, 2014, and primarily operates through its wholly owned subsidiary, DiamiR, LLC, which was incorporated as a limited liability company in Delaware on September 17, 2009. DiamiR is a molecular diagnostics company focused on developing and commercializing minimally invasive tests for early detection and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, rare neurodevelopmental diseases, such as Rett syndrome, other brain health disorders, and cancer. The proprietary platform technology developed at DiamiR and protected by over 50 issued patents is based on quantitative analysis of organ-enriched microRNAs detectable in blood plasma. In addition to blood-based microRNA panels, as part of its biopharma services DiamiR's CLIA/CAP-certified laboratory offers protein and genetic biomarker analyses for screening, patient stratification, disease and treatment monitoring.

**Factors Affecting our Results of Operations**

**Research and Development Expenses**

We believe our ability to successfully develop innovative drug candidates will be the primary factor affecting our long-term competitiveness, as well as our future growth and development. Creating high quality global first-in-class or best-in-class drug candidates requires significant investment of resources over a prolonged period of time. As a result of this commitment, our pipeline of drug candidates has been steadily advancing.

Our drug candidates are still in development, and we have incurred and will continue to incur significant research and development costs for pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. We expect that our research and development expenses may significantly increase in future periods in line with the advancement and expansion of the development of our drug candidates.

We have been able to fund the research and development expenses for our drug candidates through a range of sources, including the proceeds raised from our public offering and follow-on offerings on Nasdaq, private placement to other investors and line of credit facilities from shareholders, related parties and banks.

This diversified approach to funding allows us to not depend on any one method of funding for our research and development activities, thereby reducing the risk that sufficient financing will be unavailable as we continue to accelerate the development of our drug candidates.

**RESULTS OF OPERATION** 

***For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024***

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** |
| **Operating expenses** |  |  |
| Research and development expenses | (19375) | (2038923) |
| General and administrative fees | (187422) | (326187) |
| Legal and professional fees | (418881) | (366164) |
| Other operating income (expenses) | 222912 | (137233) |
| Total operating expenses | (402766) | (2868507) |
| **Other (expenses) income** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sundry income |  | 282353 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss on disposal of subsidiaries |  | (4271) |
| Interest expense, net | (46529) | (68462) |
| Total other (expenses) income, net | (46529) | 209620 |
| **Net loss** | $(449295) | $(2658887) |
| Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | (7515) | (15091) |
| **Net loss attributable to Aptorum Group Limited** | $(441780) | $(2643796) |

---

*Revenue and cost* 

There was no revenue and cost for both period due to reallocate resources towards the development of the Company's leading projects.

 

*Research and development expenses*

Research and development expenses comprised of costs incurred related to research and development activities, including payroll expenses to our research and development staff, service fees to our consultants, advisory and contracted research organization, depreciation of laboratory equipment and amortization of licensed patents, sponsored research programs with various universities and research institutions and costs in acquiring IP rights which did not meet the criteria of capitalization under the U.S. GAAP. The following table sets forth a summary of our research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. During the period ended 30 June 2025, we determined it was best to focus all of our attention and resources on completing the Merger and therefore paused the majority of our R&D activities during that time, and we determined that searching for other business combination opportunities could maximize shareholder value, and our R&D activities remain suspended.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** |
| Research and Development Expenses: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization and depreciation | $- | $251567 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Consultation |  | 92308 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Milestones payment |  | 60659 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sponsored research |  | 34948 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contracted research organizations |  | 19210 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other R&D expenses | 19375 | 30321 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Impairment loss on long-lived assets | - | 1549910 |
| Total Research and Development Expenses | 19375 | 2038923 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** |
| R&D expenses by projects |  |  |
| ALS-4 | $4301 | $1654061 |
| SACT-1 | 15074 | 92308 |
| Paths<sup>Dx</sup> |  | 102638 |
| Other projects | - | 189916 |
| Total | $19375 | $3212366 |

---

 

*General and administrative fees*

The following table sets forth a summary of our general and administrative fees for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to the streamlining of our operations to focus on preparation for the Merger, which has since been abandoned.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** |
| General and Administrative Fees: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Insurance | $103609 | $182527 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rent and rates | 63016 | 74296 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payroll expenses | 19057 | 59308 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization and depreciation |  | 3480 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Travelling expenses | 1740 | 205 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other expenses, net | - | 6371 |
| Total General and Administrative Fees | 187422 | 326187 |

---

*Legal and professional fees*

For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the legal and professional fees were $418,881 and $366,164, respectively. The increase in legal and professional fees was primarily attributed to the non-routine activities such as potential merger activity that were present in the same period last year. Such non-routine exercises in the current period have resulted in an increase in legal and professional fees.

*Other operating income (expenses)*

For the six months ended June 30, 2025 other operating income of $222,912 mainly represent the exchange gain arising on change in foreign exchange rate. While for the six months ended June 30, 2024 the other operating expenses was $137,233 primarily due to the decrease in impairment loss of long-lived assets as majority of long-lived assets were impaired in prior period.

*Other (expenses) income*

The following table sets forth a summary of other (expenses) income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** | **For the six months ended<br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** |
| Other (expenses) income: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense, net | (46529) | (68462) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss on disposal of subsidiaries |  | (4271) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sundry income | - | 282353 |
| Total other (expenses) income, net | (46529) | 209620 |

---

 

 

*Net loss attributable to Aptorum Group Limited*

For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, net loss attributable to Aptorum Group Limited (excluding net loss attributable to non-controlling interests) was $441,780 and $2,643,796, respectively.

**LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES**

The Group reported a net loss of $449,295, working capital of $1,998,298, and net operating cash outflow of $816,544 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. In addition, the Group had an accumulated deficit of $72,871,308 as of June 30, 2025. The Group's operating results for future periods are subject to numerous uncertainties and it is uncertain if the Group will be able to reduce or eliminate its net losses for the foreseeable future. If management is not able to generate significant revenues from its product candidates currently in development, the Group may not be able to achieve profitability. Successful transition to attaining profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the Company's cost structure. In connection with the Company's assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board's Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-15, "Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern," management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these financial statements are issued.

If the Group is unable to generate sufficient funds to finance the working capital requirements of the Group within the normal operating cycle of a twelve-month period from the date of these financial statements are issued, the Group may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:

● other available sources of financing from banks and other financial institutions or private lender; and

● equity financing.

The Company can make no assurances that required financings will be available for the amounts needed, or on terms commercially acceptable to the Company, if at all. If one or all of these events does not occur or subsequent capital raises are insufficient to bridge financial and liquidity shortfall, there would likely be a material adverse effect on the Company and would materially adversely affect its ability to continue as a going concern.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Accordingly, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis that assumes the Group will continue as a going concern and which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business.

**CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS**

The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2025.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Payment Due by Period (Unaudited)** | **Payment Due by Period (Unaudited)** | **Payment Due by Period (Unaudited)** | **Payment Due by Period (Unaudited)** |
|  | **Total** | **less than<br> one year** | **One to<br> three years** | **Three to<br> five years** |
|  | **US$** | **US$** | **US$** | **US$** |
| Operating lease commitments | 80641 | 80641 |  |  |
| Debt obligations | 3328500 | 3328500 |  |  |
| Total | 3409141 | 3409141 |  |  |

---

*Operating lease commitments*

 

We have an operating lease for laboratory. Operating lease commitments reflect our obligation to make payments under the operating lease.

*Debt obligations*

Debt obligations reflect outstanding principal and accrued interest payable to Jurchen Investment Corporation, the largest shareholder of the Company, pursuant to a convertible note arrangement. This instrument features a conversion option at a price of $2.42 per share into the Company's Class A Ordinary Shares. It carries a two-year maturity from the date of issuance and bears an annual interest rate of 6%.

The Group can access up to a total $12 million under a line of credit offered by Aeneas Group Limited. The line of credit was originally mature on August 12, 2022. The Group and Aeneas Group Limited has mutually agreed to extend the line of credit arrangement further 3 years to August 12, 2025, and the respective credit line have been extended further to August 2026. The interest on the outstanding principal indebtedness is at the rate of 8% per annum. The Group may early repay, in whole or in part, the principal indebtedness and all interest accrued at any time prior to the maturity date without the prior written consent of the lender and without payment of any premium or penalty.

**CONTINGENT PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS**

As of June 30, 2025, we do not have any non-cancellable purchase commitments.

The Group has contingency payment obligations under each of the license agreements, such as milestone payments, royalties, research and development funding, if certain condition or milestone is met.

Milestone payments are to be made upon achievements of certain conditions, such as Investigational New Drugs ("IND") filing or U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") approval, first commercial sale of the licensed products, or other achievements. The aggregate amount of the milestone payments that we are required to pay up to different achievements of conditions and milestones for all the license agreements signed as of June 30, 2025 are as below:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Amount**<br>**(unaudited)** |
| **Drug molecules: up to the conditions and milestones of** |  |
| From entering phase 1 to before first commercial sale | $920000 |
| First commercial sale | 800000 |
| Net sales amount more than certain threshold in a year | 7000000 |
| Subtotal | $8720000 |

---

For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Group incurred $nil and $60,659 milestone payments respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Group did not incur any royalties or research and development funding.

**CONDENSED SUMMARY OF OUR CASH FLOWS**

 

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six months<br> ended<br> June 30,<br> 2025** | **Six months<br> ended<br> June 30,<br> 2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | **(Unaudited)** |
| Net cash used in operating activities | $(816544) | $(1280887) |
| Net cash provided by investing activities |  | 58621 |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 2699200 | - |
| Net decrease in cash and restricted cash | $1882656 | $(1222266) |

---

***For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024***

 ****

*Operating activities*

Net cash used in operating activities amounted to $0.8 million and $1.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The net cash used in operating activities declined due to the implementation of stringent budgetary control measures, as a result of the Company's exclusive emphasis on the previously anticipated Merger.

 

*Investing activities*

Net cash provided by investing activities amounted to nil and $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in net cash provided by investing activities was due to the decrease in proceed from disposal of fixed assets.

*Financing activities*

Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to 2.7milliom and nil for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in net cash inflow from financing activities is attributed to the placing of shares during the period.

**Statement Regarding Unaudited Financial Information**

The unaudited financial information set forth above is subject to adjustments that may be identified when audit work is performed on the Company's year-end financial statements, which could result in significant differences from this unaudited financial information.