# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001533040
**File Stem:** 0001683168-25-006174
**Filing Date:** 2025-8
**Character Count:** 207349
**Document Hash:** c704281fe4e998fd77baa2cfc72536d4
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001683168-25-006174.hdr.sgml**: 20250814

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001683168-25-006174

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 59

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250630

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250814

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250814

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001533040
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 03 Life Sciences
- **EIN:** 453215903
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-36304
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251220408

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 411 SWEDELAND ROAD
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 23-1080
- **CITY:** KING OF PRUSSIA
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 19406
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** (508) 767-3861

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 411 SWEDELAND ROAD
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 23-1080
- **CITY:** KING OF PRUSSIA
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 19406

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** RXi Pharmaceuticals Corp
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20111019

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. 10-Q

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

☒ **QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025**

**OR**

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u> to <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>**

**Commission File Number: 001-36304**

**Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.**

**(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **45-3215903** |
| **(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)** | **(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)** |

---

**411 Swedeland Road, Suite 23-1080, King of Prussia, PA 19406**

**(Address of principal executive office) (Zip code)**

**Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (508) 929-3640**

**Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of each class** | **Trading Symbol(s)** | **Name of each exchange on which registered** |
| Common Stock, par value, $0.0001 per share | PHIO | The Nasdaq Capital Market |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ <br> Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ <br> Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 12, 2025, Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. had 5,726,750 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, outstanding.

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.** 

**FORM 10-Q — QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2025**

**<u>INDEX</u>**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Part No.** | **Item No.** | **Description** | **Page<br> No.** |
| I |  | [FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#q2_001) | 3 |
|  | 1 | [Financial Statements (Unaudited)](#q2_002) | 3 |
|  |  | [Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024](#q2_003) | 3 |
|  |  | [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#q2_004) | 4 |
|  |  | [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#q2_005) | 5 |
|  |  | [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024](#q2_006) | 6 |
|  |  | [Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements](#q2_007) | 7 |
|  | 2 | [Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#q2_008) | 18 |
|  | 3 | [Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk](#q2_009) | 25 |
|  | 4 | [Controls and Procedures](#q2_010) | 25 |
| II |  | [OTHER INFORMATION](#q2_011) | 26 |
|  | 1 | [Legal Proceedings](#q2_012) | 26 |
|  | 1A | [Risk Factors](#q2_013) | 26 |
|  | 2 | [Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#q2_014) | 27 |
|  | 3 | [Defaults Upon Senior Securities](#q2_015) | 27 |
|  | 4 | [Mine Safety Disclosures](#q2_016) | 27 |
|  | 5 | [Other Information](#q2_017) | 27 |
|  | 6 | [Exhibits](#q2_018) | 28 |
| [Signatures](#q2_019) | [Signatures](#q2_019) | [Signatures](#q2_019) | 30 |

---

**PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 1.** | **FINANCIAL STATEMENTS** |

---

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

**(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **(Unaudited)**<br>**June 30,<br> 2025** |<br>**December 31,<br> 2024** |
| **ASSETS** |  |  |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $10775 | $5382 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 519 | 354 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current assets | 11294 | 5736 |
| Property and equipment, net | 7 | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets | $11301 | $5738 |
| **LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY** |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | $235 | $253 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses | 971 | 762 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current liabilities | 1206 | 1015 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities | 1206 | 1015 |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 2) | **–** | **–** |
| Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
| Series D Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  |  |
| Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 4,798,154 and 1,733,717 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively |  |  |
| Additional paid-in capital | 160386 | 151079 |
| Accumulated deficit | (150291) | (146356) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total stockholders' equity | 10095 | 4723 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $11301 | $5738 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS**

**(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended<br> June 30,** | **Three Months Ended<br> June 30,** | **Six Months Ended<br> June 30,** | **Six Months Ended<br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | $1074 | $866 | $1960 | $2014 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | 1235 | 1048 | 2221 | 2109 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 2309 | 1914 | 4181 | 4123 |
| Operating loss | (2309) | (1914) | (4181) | (4123) |
| Total other income (expense), net | 143 | 68 | 246 | 123 |
| Net loss | $(2166) | $(1846) | $(3935) | $(4000) |
| Net loss per common share: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic and diluted | $(0.45) | $(3.62) | $(0.86) | $(7.85) |
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic and diluted | 4794857 | 510188 | 4551061 | 509542 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.** 

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY**

**(Amounts in thousands, except share data)** 

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | | | |
| <br>**For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional **Paid in**<br>**Capital** | **Accumulated**<br>**Deficit** |<br>**Total** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Balance at December 31, 2024 | 1733717 | $– | $151079 | $(146356) | $4723 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | 537432 |  | 2680 |  | 2680 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Issuance of common stock and warrants, net of offering costs of $1,278 | 2507005 |  | 6493 |  | 6493 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 43 |  | 43 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss | – | – | – | (1769) | (1769) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Balance at March 31, 2025 | 4778154 | $– | $160295 | $(148125) | $12170 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 51 |  | 51 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | 20000 |  | 40 |  | 40 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss | – | – | – | (2166) | (2166) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Balance at June 30, 2025 | 4798154 | $– | $160386 | $(150291) | $10095 |

---

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | | | |
| <br>**For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional **Paid in**<br>**Capital** | **Accumulated**<br>**Deficit** |<br>**Total** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Balance at December 31, 2023 | 416368 | $– | $146936 | $(139206) | $7730 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | 91820 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Issuance of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units | 2689 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares withheld for payroll taxes | (689) |  | (4) |  | (4) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 32 |  | 32 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss | – | – | – | (2154) | (2154) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Balance at March 31, 2024 | 510188 | $– | $146964 | $(141360) | $5604 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 15 |  | 15 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss | – | – | – | (1846) | (1846) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Balance at June 30, 2024 | 510188 | $– | $146979 | $(143206) | $3773 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.** 

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS**

**(Amounts in thousands) (Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended**<br> **June 30,** | **Six Months Ended**<br> **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss | $(3935) | $(4000) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization |  | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of right of use asset |  | 33 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss on disposal of property and equipment |  | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 94 | 47 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other assets | (165) | 238 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | (18) | (322) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses | 209 | 246 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lease liability | – | (35) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net cash used in operating activities** | (3815) | (3788) |
| Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for the purchase of property and equipment | (5) | – |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net cash used in financing activities** | (5) |  |
| Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net proceeds from the issuance of common stock and warrants | 6493 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net proceeds from the exercise of warrants | 2720 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment of taxes on net share settlements of restricted stock units | – | (4) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities** | 9213 | (4) |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 5393 | (3792) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of period | 5382 | 8490 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of period | $10775 | $4698 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Supplemental cash flow information** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid during the year for: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest | $– | $4 |

---

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

**NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS** 

**(Unaudited)**

**1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies**

***Nature of Operations***

Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. ("**Phio**" or the "**Company**") is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company whose proprietary INTASYL® self-delivering small interfering RNAi(siRNA) technology is designed to make immune cells more effective in killing tumor cells. The Company is developing therapeutics that are designed to leverage INTASYL to precisely target specific proteins that reduce the body's ability to fight cancer, without the need for specialized formulations or drug delivery systems. The Company is committed to discovering and developing innovative cancer treatments for patients by creating new pathways toward a cancer-free future.

Phio was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 2011 as RXi Pharmaceuticals Corporation. On November 19, 2018, the Company changed its name to Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp., to reflect its transition from a platform company to one that is fully committed to developing groundbreaking immuno-oncology therapeutics.

***Basis of Presentation***

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("**GAAP**"). Certain information and footnote disclosures that are included in the Company's annual consolidated financial statements, but that are not required for interim reporting purposes, have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of results for the periods presented.

These statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "**SEC**") on March 31, 2025 (the "**2024 Form 10-K**"). Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

 

***Principles of Consolidation***

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, MirImmune, LLC. All material intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

***Segments***

The Company operates as one operating segment and all assets are located in the United States.

***Reverse Stock Split***

 

Effective July 5, 2024, the Company completed a 1-for-9 reverse stock split of the Company's outstanding common stock, including reclassifying an amount equal to the reduction in par value to additional paid-in capital. The reverse stock split did not reduce the number of authorized shares of the Company's common or preferred stock. All share and per share amounts have been adjusted to give effect to the reverse stock split.

***Use of Estimates***

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The areas subject to significant estimates and judgment include, among others, those related to the fair value of equity awards, accruals for research and development expenses, useful lives of property and equipment, and the valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets. On an ongoing basis the Company evaluates its estimates and bases its estimates on historical experience and other relevant assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

 

***Liquidity***

The Company has reported recurring losses from operations since its inception and expects to continue to have negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future. Historically, the Company's primary source of funding has been from sales of its securities. The Company's ability to continue to fund its operations is dependent on obtaining funding from third parties, such as proceeds from the issuance of debt, sale of equity, or strategic opportunities, in order to maintain its operations. This is dependent on a number of factors, including the market demand or liquidity of the Company's common stock. There is no guarantee that debt, additional equity or other funding will be available to the Company on acceptable terms, or at all. If the Company fails to obtain additional funding when needed, the Company would be forced to scale back or terminate its operations or seek to merge with or to be acquired by another company.

The Company has limited cash resources, has reported recurring losses from operations since inception, has negative operating cash flows and has not yet received product revenues. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, and the Company's current cash resources may not provide sufficient capital to fund operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of the release of these condensed consolidated financial statements. The continuation of the Company as a going concern depends upon the Company's ability to raise additional capital through an equity offering, debt offering and/or strategic opportunity to fund its operations. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in accomplishing these plans in order to continue as a going concern. These condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

***Summary of Significant Accounting Policies***

*Cash and Cash Equivalents* 

Cash and cash equivalents include unrestricted cash accounts, money market investments and highly liquid investment instruments with original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.

Other than as set forth above, there have been no material changes to the significant accounting policies disclosed in the Company's 2024 Form 10-K.

 **

 ****

 **

 **

***Recent Accounting Pronouncements***

 **

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures," which requires public business entities to disclose additional information in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory rate for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. It also requires greater detail about individual reconciling items in the rate reconciliation to the extent the impact of those items exceeds a specified threshold. In addition to new disclosures associated with the rate reconciliation, the ASU requires information pertaining to taxes paid (net of refunds received) to be disaggregated for federal, state, and foreign taxes and further disaggregated for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold. The ASU also describes items that need to be disaggregated based on their nature, which is determined by reference to the item's fundamental or essential characteristics, such as the transaction or event that triggered the establishment of the reconciling item and the activity with which the reconciling item is associated. The ASU eliminates the historic requirement that entities disclose information concerning unrecognized tax benefits having a reasonable possibility of significantly increasing or decreasing in the 12 months following the reporting date. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. This ASU should be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2023-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosure (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses," which requires additional disclosure about the specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. The amendments in this ASU do not change or remove current expense disclosure requirements but affect where this information appears in the notes to financial statements. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

**2. Collaboration Agreement**

*AgonOx, Inc. ("**AgonOx**")*

In February 2021, the Company entered into a clinical co-development collaboration agreement (the "**Clinical Co-Development Agreement**") with AgonOx, a private company developing a pipeline of novel immunotherapy drugs targeting key regulators of the immune response to cancer. Under the Clinical Co-Development Agreement, Phio and AgonOx were working to develop a T cell-based therapy using the Company's lead product candidate, PH-762, and AgonOx's "double positive" tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ("**DP TIL**") technology. Per the terms of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement, the Company agreed to reimburse AgonOx up to $4,000,000 in expenses incurred to conduct a Phase 1 clinical trial of PH-762 treated DP TIL in patients with advanced melanoma and other advanced solid tumors.

In May 2024, the Company terminated the Clinical Co-Development Agreement with AgonOx, effective immediately. Effective as of the date of termination, the Clinical Co-Development Agreement and the continuing obligations of the Company and AgonOx thereunder were terminated in their entirety. The Company is no longer required to provide financial support for the development costs incurred in the Clinical Co-Development Agreement and the Company is no longer entitled to future development milestones or royalty payments from AgonOx's licensing of its DP TIL technology.

The Company paid AgonOx all payment obligations that accrued prior to the termination of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement, each of the Company and AgonOx were responsible for its own costs and expenses incurred in connection with the wind-down of the Phase 1 clinical trial. The Company made the remaining payment of $34,320, which primarily related to accrued obligations for patient fees and other miscellaneous costs as of the date of termination, to AgonOx on March 21, 2025. This settled all future obligations to AgonOx.

The Company did not recognize expense with respect to the Clinical Co-Development Agreement during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025. During the three and six months ending June 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $56,000 and $106,000, respectively, of expense with respect to the Clinical Co-Development Agreement.

**3. Leases**

The Company leases space for various corporate and research purposes. It is the Company's policy to apply the provisions of ASC 842 when accounting for arrangements that meet the criteria to be a lease. The Company calculates the lease liability as the present value of the lease's cash flows using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if determinable. If the rate implicit in the lease is not determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate is defined as the rate the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over the lease term. The Company has elected the accounting policy election available under ASC 842 to not record a lease liability for leases with a term of less than one year.

From April 2014 to March 2024, the Company leased space that was utilized as its corporate headquarters and primary laboratory. The lease expired on March 31, 2024. On March 1, 2024, the Company commenced a lease for a laboratory facility located at 17 Briden Street, Worcester, Massachusetts. The lease had an original expiration date of August 31, 2024 and was subsequently extended through February 28, 2025. The Company continues to lease the space on a month-to-month basis. Monthly rent is approximately $2,500. In March 2025, the Company contracted with LifeSciences PA located at 411 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406 for access to full working space for normal hours of operations at a fee of $300 per month, which can be cancelled at any time.

Operating lease costs included in operating expense were approximately $8,400 and $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Operating lease costs included in operating expense were approximately $16,800 and $33,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

There was no cash paid for the amounts included in the measurement of the operating lease liability on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets and included within changes in the lease liability in the operating activities of the Company's condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the Company's former corporate headquarters for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. Cash paid for the amounts included in the measurement of the operating lease liability on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets and included within changes in the lease liability in the operating activities of the Company's condensed consolidated statements of cash flows was $0 and $35,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

**4. Stockholders' Equity**

***Financings***

*May 2024 Financing*

 

On May 16, 2024, the Company entered into a purchase agreement (the "**Purchase Agreement**") with Triton Funds LP ("**Triton**"), pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell, and Triton agreed to purchase, upon the Company's request in one or more transactions, up to 95,833 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $6.48 per share (the "**Purchase Price**"), for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $621,000. The Company recorded expense of approximately $100,000, primarily related to legal fees, in connection with the execution of the Purchase Agreement with Triton. On July 3, 2024, the Company terminated the Purchase Agreement with Triton effective immediately. No shares of Common Stock were sold by the Company pursuant to the Purchase Agreement prior to termination.

 

 

 

 

*July 2024 Financing*

 

On July 11, 2024, the Company entered into inducement letter agreements (the "**July 2024 Inducement Letter Agreements**") with certain holders of certain of the Company's existing warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 545,286 shares of Common Stock. The existing warrants were originally issued in February 2020 through December 2023, having exercise prices between $324.00 and $9.72 per share. Pursuant to the July 2024 Inducement Letter Agreements, these warrants were exercised for cash at a reduced exercise of $5.45 per share in consideration of the Company's agreement to issue new unregistered five and one-half year term Series C warrants to purchase up to 583,098 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.45 and new unregistered eighteen month term Series D warrants to purchase up to 507,474 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $5.45, both issued and sold at a price of $0.125 per warrant share (the "**July 2024 Financing**"). In addition, the Company issued warrants to H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the "**Placement Agent**") to purchase a total of 40,896 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $6.8125 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from the July 2024 Financing were approximately $2,646,000, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses. The Company incurred non-cash equity issuance costs of approximately $2.4 million for the incremental fair value of the outstanding equity classified warrants and approximately $0.2 million for placement agent warrants.

Pursuant to the terms of the July 2024 Inducement Letter Agreements, in the event that the exercise of the existing warrants in the July 2024 Financing would have otherwise caused a holder to exceed the beneficial ownership limitations set forth in the existing warrant, the Company issued the number of shares that would not cause a holder to exceed such beneficial ownership limitation and agreed to hold such balance of shares of Common Stock in abeyance. Accordingly, an aggregate of 328,758 shares of Common Stock were held in abeyance (the "**July 2024 Abeyance Shares**") with such July 2024 Abeyance Shares evidenced through the holder's existing warrants and which are deemed to be prepaid. The July 2024 Abeyance Shares were held until notice was received by the holder that the balance of the shares of Common Stock could be issued in compliance with such beneficial ownership limitations and were exercised pursuant to a notice of exercise from the holder. Until such time, the Abeyance Shares were evidenced through the holder's existing warrants and have been included in the Company's table of outstanding warrants below. During the year ended December 31, 2024, all of the July 2024 Abeyance Shares were released.

*December 19, 2024 Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement*

 ****

On December 19, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "**December 19, 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement**") with certain institutional and accredited investors in connection with a registered direct offering (the "**December 19, 2024 Registered Direct Offering**") and concurrent private placement (the "**December 19, 2024 Private Placement**" and, together with the December 19, 2024 Registered Direct Offering, the "**December 19, 2024 Offerings**"). The December 19, 2024 Offerings closed on December 20, 2024. The net proceeds to the Company from the December 19, 2024 Offerings were approximately $900,000, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses.

Pursuant to the December 19, 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company offered and sold in the December 19, 2024 Registered Direct Offering 437,192 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $2.635 per share. In the December 19, 2024 Private Placement, the Company also issued to such institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 437,192 shares of Common Stock (the "**Series E Warrants**"). Under the terms of the December 19, 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in the December 19, 2024 Registered Direct Offering, an accompanying Series E Warrant was issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Series E Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.51 per share and will expire on December 20, 2029. The Series E Warrants were offered and sold at a purchase price of $0.125 per Series E Warrant, which purchase price is included in the offering price per share of Common Stock issued in the December 19, 2024 Registered Direct Offering.

 

 

 

 

*December 23, 2024 Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement*

 ****

On December 23, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "**December 23, 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement**") with certain institutional and accredited investors in connection with a registered direct public offering (the "**December 23, 2024 Registered Direct Offering**") and concurrent private placement (the "**December 23, 2024 Private Placement**" and, together with the December 23, 2024 Registered Direct Offering, the "**December 23, 2024 Offerings**" and, together with the December 19, 2024 Offerings, the "**December 2024 Offerings**"). The December 23, 2024 Offerings closed on December 24, 2024. The net proceeds to the Company from the December 23, 2024 Offerings were approximately $480,000, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses.

Pursuant to the December 23, 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company offered and sold in the December 23, 2024 Registered Direct Offering 240,000 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $2.00 per share. In the December 23, 2024 Private Placement, the Company also issued to such institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 240,000 shares of Common Stock (the "**Series F Warrants**"). Under the terms of the December 23, 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in the December 23, 2024 Registered Direct Offering, an accompanying Series F Warrant was issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Series F Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share and will expire on December 24, 2029. The Series F Warrants were offered and sold at a purchase price of $0.125 per Series F Warrant, which purchase price is included in the offering price per share of Common Stock issued in the December 23, 2024 Registered Direct Offering.

In connection with the December 2024 Offerings, the Company agreed to issue to the Placement Agent, or its designees, warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 50,789 shares of Common Stock (the "**Placement Agent Warrants**"), which represent 7.5% of the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock sold in the December 19, 2024 Registered Direct Offering and the December 23, 2024 Registered Direct Offering. The Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same terms as the Series E Warrants and the Series F Warrants, except that (i) 32,789 of the Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $3.2938, or 125% of the offering price per share of Common Stock sold in the December 19, 2024 Registered Direct Offering, and are exercisable until December 19, 2029, and (ii) 18,000 of the Placement Agent Warrants have an exercise price equal to $2.50, or 125% of the offering price per share of Common Stock sold in the December 23, 2024 Registered Direct Offering, and are exercisable until December 23, 2029.

*January 13, 2025 Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement*

 

On January 13, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "**January 13, 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement**") with certain institutional and accredited investors in connection with a registered direct public offering (the "**January 13, 2025 Registered Direct Offering**") and concurrent private placement (the "**January 13, 2025 Private Placement**" and, together with the January 13, 2025 Registered Direct Offering, the "**January 13, 2025 Offerings**"). The January 13, 2025 Offerings closed on January 14, 2025. In addition, the Company issued warrants to the Placement Agent to purchase a total of 79,775 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.75 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from the January 13, 2025 Registered Direct Offerings and the January 13, 2025 Private Placement were approximately $2.9 million, after deducting fees and estimated offering expenses.

Pursuant to the January 13, 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company offered and sold in the January 13, 2025 Registered Direct Offering 1,063,670 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $3.00 per share. In the January 13, 2025 Private Placement, the Company also issued to certain institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 2,127,340 shares of Common Stock (the "**Series G Warrants**"). Under the terms of the January 13, 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in the January 13, 2025 Registered Direct Offering, two accompanying Series G Warrants were issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Series G Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share and will expire on January 14, 2027.

 

 

 

 

*January 14, 2025 Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement*

 

On January 14, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "**January 14, 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement**") with certain institutional and accredited investors in connection with a registered direct public offering (the "**January 14, 2025 Registered Direct Offering**") and concurrent private placement (the "**January 14, 2025 Private Placement**" and together with the January 14, 2025 Registered Direct Offering, the "**January 14, 2025 Offerings**"). The January 14, 2025 Offerings closed on January 15, 2025. In addition, the Company issued warrants to the Placement Agent to purchase a total of 62,500 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.75 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from the January 14, 2025 Registered Direct Offering and the January 14, 2025 Private Placement were approximately $2.2 million, after deducting fees and estimated offering expenses.

Pursuant to the January 14, 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company offered and sold in the January 14, 2025 Registered Direct Offering 833,335 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $3.00 per share. In the January 14, 2025 Private Placement, the Company also issued to such institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 1,666,670 shares of Common Stock (the "**Series H Warrants**"). Under the terms of the January 14, 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in the January 14, 2025 Registered Direct Offering, two accompanying Series H Warrants were issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Series H Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share and will expire on January 15, 2027.

*January 16, 2025 Concurrent Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement*

 

On January 16, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the "**January 16, 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement**") with certain institutional and accredited investors in connection with a registered direct public offering (the "**January 16, 2025 Registered Direct Offering**") and concurrent private placement (the "**January 16, 2025 Private Placement**" and, together with the January 16, 2025 Registered Direct Offering, the "**January 16, 2025 Offerings**" and the January 16, 2025 Offerings, together with the January 13, 2025 Offerings and the January 14, 2025 Offerings, the "**January 2025 Offerings"**). The January 16, 2025 Offerings closed on January 17, 2025. In addition, the Company issued warrants to the Placement Agent to purchase a total of 45,750 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.75 per share The net proceeds to the Company from the January 16, 2025 Registered Direct Offering and the January 16, 2025 Private Placement are approximately $1.6 million, after deducting fees and estimated offering expenses.

Pursuant to the January 16, 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company offered and sold in the January 16, 2025 Registered Direct Offering 610,000 shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $3.00 per share. In the January 16, 2025 Private Placement, the Company also issued to such institutional and accredited investors unregistered warrants to purchase up to 1,220,000 shares of Common Stock (the "**Series I Warrants**"). Under the terms of the January 16, 2025 Securities Purchase Agreement, for each share of Common Stock issued in the January 16, 2025 Registered Direct Offering, two accompanying Series I Warrants were issued to the purchaser thereof. Each Series I Warrant is exercisable for one share of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share and will expire on January 19, 2027.

 

***Warrants***

The Company first assesses warrants that are issued by the Company under the FASB ASC Topic 480, "*Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity*" ("**ASC 480**") to determine whether the warrants are within the scope of ASC 480. If there are no instances outside of the Company's control that could require cash settlement, the Company then applies and follows the applicable accounting guidance in the FASB ASC Topic 815, "*Derivatives and Hedging*" ("**ASC 815**"). Financial instruments are accounted for as either derivative liabilities or equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the agreement. Based on the assessment of the warrants issued by the Company under the guidance in ASC 480 and ASC 815, the warrants issued by the Company have been classified within stockholder's equity.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were 20,000 and 0 warrants exercised, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, there were 557,432 and 91,820 warrants exercised, respectively.

The following table summarizes the Company's outstanding warrants, all of which are classified as equity instruments, at June 30, 2025:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Number<br> of Shares** | **Weighted-<br> Average<br> Exercise Price<br> Per Share** |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2024 | 1925867 | $12.66 |
| Issued | 5242342 | 3.06 |
| Exercised | (557432) | 5.33 |
| Expired | (9659) | 457.92 |
| Outstanding at June 30, 2025 | 6601118 | $5.00 |

---

**5. Stock-based Compensation**

*Restricted Stock Units*

Restricted stock units ("**RSUs**") are issued under the Company's 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "**2020 Plan**"). RSUs are generally subject to the satisfaction of certain service requirements. RSUs granted by the Company to employees generally cliff vest 1 year after the grant date. Upon vesting, each outstanding RSU will be settled for one share of the Company's common stock. Employee RSU recipients may elect to net share settle upon vesting, in which case the Company pays the employee's withholding taxes due upon vesting and withholds a number of shares of equal value. The Company does not expect to repurchase shares to satisfy RSU vests. The fair value of the RSUs awarded is based upon the Company's closing stock price at the grant date and is expensed over the requisite service period.

The following table summarizes the activity of the Company's RSUs for the six months ended June 30, 2025:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Number<br> of Shares** | **Weighted-<br> Average<br> Grant Date Fair Value<br> Per Share** |
| Unvested units at December 31, 2024 | 71000 | $2.77 |
| Granted |  |  |
| Vested |  |  |
| Forfeited | – | – |
| Unvested units at June 30, 2025 | 71000 | $2.77 |

---

There were no RSUs granted during the three or six months ended June 30, 2025 or June 30, 2024.

Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $51,000 and $15,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $94,000 and $41,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The aggregate fair value of awards that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $17,000, which represents the market value of the Company's common stock on the date that the RSUs vested. No RSUs vested during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

 

 

 

 

*Stock Options*

Stock options are available for issuance under the 2020 Plan or as inducement grants issued outside of the 2020 Plan to new employees. Stock options are generally subject to graded vesting and the satisfaction of service requirements. Stock options granted by the Company to employees generally vest annually over 4 years after the grant date and generally vest over 1 year after the grant date for members of the Board of Directors and expire within ten years of grant. Upon the exercise of a stock option, the Company issues new shares and delivers them to the recipient. The Company does not expect to repurchase shares to satisfy stock option exercises.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of all its option grants. The risk-free interest rate used for each grant was based upon the yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities with a term similar to the expected life of the related option. The Company's expected stock price volatility assumption is based upon the Company's own implied volatility. As the Company has limited stock option exercise information, the expected life assumption used for option grants is based upon the simplified method provided for under the FASB ASC Topic 718, "*Compensation — Stock Compensation*". The dividend yield assumption is based upon the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and presently has no intention of paying cash dividends.

The Company did not grant any stock options during the three or six months ended June 30, 2025 or 2024.

The following table summarizes the activity of the Company's stock options for the six months ended June 30, 2025:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Number<br> of Shares** | **Weighted-<br> Average<br> Exercise<br> Price<br> Per Share** | **Aggregate<br> Intrinsic<br> Value** |
| Balance at December 31, 2024 | 1126 | $1206.29 |  |
| Granted |  |  |  |
| Exercised |  |  |  |
| Forfeited |  |  |  |
| Expired | (2) | 225720.00 |  |
| Balance at June 30, 2025 | 1124 | $806.80 | $– |
| Exercisable at June 30, 2025 | 1124 | $806.80 | $– |

---

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $0 and $6,000, respectively. The Company did not have any stock-based compensation expense related to stock options for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

*Compensation Expense Related to Equity Awards*

The following table sets forth total stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, in thousands:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Research and development | $23 | $– | $38 | $(11) |
| General and administrative | 28 | 15 | 56 | 58 |
| Total stock-based compensation | $51 | $15 | $94 | $47 |

---

As of June 30, 2025, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs was approximately $48,000. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.2 years.

**6. Net Loss per Common Share**

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the Company's net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the impact of the dilutive effect of potential common stock equivalents, except when the inclusion of such potential common stock equivalents would be anti-dilutive. Dilutive potential common stock equivalents primarily consist of stock options, RSUs and warrants. Therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders were the same for all periods presented because the impact of these items is generally anti-dilutive during periods of net loss.

The following table sets forth the potential common shares excluded from the calculation of net loss per common share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Stock options | 1124 | 1133 |
| Unvested RSUs | 71000 | 1850 |
| Warrants | 6601118 | 611710 |
| Total | 6673242 | 614693 |

---

**7. Segment Information** 

The Company is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company that has yet to generate operating revenues. Management has determined that the Company operates with a single operating segment and a single reporting segment – the Clinical segment. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The CEO assesses performance and allocates resources to achieve the Company's goals based on net income/(loss) as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The measure of segment assets is Total Assets as presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. All of the Company's operations occur within the United States.

The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company's single operating segment (in thousands):

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** | **June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Research and development expense | $(1074) | $(866) | $(1960) | $(2014) |
| General and administrative expense | (1235) | (1048) | (2221) | (2109) |
| Impairment loss on property and equipment |  |  |  |  |
| Other income | 24 | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| Interest income | 119 | 66 | 244 | 121 |
| Interest expense | – | (2) | – | (4) |
| Net loss | $(2166) | $(1846) | $(3935) | $(4000) |
| Total assets | $11301 | $5296 | $11301 | $5296 |

---

**8. Subsequent Events**

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "**OBBBA**") was enacted in the U.S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company is currently assessing the OBBBA's impact on its consolidated financial statements.

On July 25, 2025, the Company entered into inducement letter agreements (the "**July 2025 Inducement Letter Agreements**") with certain holders of certain of the Company's existing warrants to purchase an aggregate of 928,596 shares of the Company's common stock. The existing warrants were originally issued in December 2024 and January 2025, having exercise prices between $2.00 and $3.00 per share. Warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at the existing exercise price of $2.00 per share were exercised at their existing exercise price of $2.00 per share, and warrants to purchase 828,596 shares of common stock were exercised at a reduced exercise price of $2.485 per share. Pursuant to the July 2025 Inducement Letter Agreements, in consideration for the immediate exercise of such warrants for cash and the payment of an additional $0.125 per New Warrant (as defined below), or an aggregate of $232,149 for all New Warrants, the Company agreed to issue new unregistered five-year term Series J warrants (the "**Series J Warrants**") to purchase an aggregate of up to 318,596 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.485 and new unregistered 24-month term Series K warrants (the "**Series K Warrants**" and, together with the Series J Warrants, the "**New Warrants**") to purchase an aggregate of up to 1,538,596 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.485 (the "**July 2025 Financing**"). In addition, the Company issued warrants to the placement agent, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, to purchase up to 69,645 shares of common stock (the **"Placement Agent Warrants**"). 7,500 of the Placement Agent Warrants issued have an exercise price of $2.8125 per share of Common Stock and a term of five years, 16,395 of the Placement Agent Warrants issued have an exercise price of $3.4188 per share of Common Stock and a term of five years, and 45,750 of the Placement Agent Warrants issued have an exercise price of $3.4188 per share of Common Stock and a term of twenty-four months. The net proceeds to the Company from the July 2025 Financing are approximately $2,200,000, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 2.** | **MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS** |

---

 

*In this report, "we," "our," "ours," "us," "Phio" and the "Company" refers to Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. and our subsidiary, MirImmune, LLC and the ongoing business operations of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. and MirImmune, LLC, whether conducted through Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. or MirImmune, LLC.* 

 

*This management's discussion and analysis of financial condition as of June 30, 2025 and results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "**SEC**") on March 31, 2025 (the "**2024 Form 10-K**").*

 

*This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as "intends," "believes," "anticipates," "indicates," "plans," "expects," "suggests," "may," "would," "should," "potential," "designed to," "will," "ongoing," "estimate," "forecast," "target," "predict," "could" and similar references, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. These statements are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of important factors, including, but not limited to:*

 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *we are dependent on the success of our INTASYL™ technology, and our product candidates based on this technology, which is unproven and may never lead to approved and marketable products;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *our product candidates are in an early stage of development and we may fail, experience significant delays, never advance in clinical development or not be successful in our efforts to identify or discover additional product candidates, which may materially and adversely impact our business;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *disruptions at the FDA, including due to a reduction in the FDA's workforce and/or inadequate funding for the FDA, could prevent the FDA from performing normal functions on which our business relies, which could negatively impact our business;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *if we experience delays or difficulties in identifying and enrolling subjects in clinical trials, it may lead to delays in generating clinical data and the receipt of necessary regulatory approvals;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *topline data may not accurately reflect or may materially differ from the complete results of a clinical trial;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *we rely upon third parties for the manufacture of the clinical supply for our product candidates;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *our business and operations would suffer in the event of computer system failures, cyberattacks or a deficiency in our cybersecurity;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *we are dependent on the patents we own and the technologies we license, and if we fail to maintain our patents or lose the right to license such technologies, our ability to develop new products would be harmed;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *we will require substantial additional funds to complete our research and development activities;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *future financing may be obtained through, and future development efforts may be paid for by, the issuance of debt or equity, which may have an adverse effect on our stockholders or may otherwise adversely affect our business;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *disruptions at the FDA, including due to a reduction in the FDA's workforce and/or inadequate funding for the FDA;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *changes in U.S. and international trade policies may adversely impact our business and operating results;* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *we may not be able to remain compliant with the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market; and* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· *the price of our Common Stock has been and may continue to be volatile.* 

 

*Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak as of the date hereof and the Company does not undertake to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect a change in its views or events or circumstances that occur after the date of this report except as required by law.*

 

 

 

 

**Overview** 

Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. ("**Phio**," "**we**," "**our**" or the "**Company**") is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company whose proprietary INTASYL® self-delivering small interfering RNAi (siRNA) technology is designed to make immune cells more effective in killing tumor cells. We are developing therapeutics that are designed to leverage INTASYL to precisely target specific proteins that reduce the body's ability to fight cancer, without the need for specialized formulations or drug delivery systems. We are committed to discovering and developing innovative cancer treatments for patients by creating new pathways toward a cancer-free future.

In 2023, the Company implemented a cost rationalization program driven by its transition from discovery research to product development. This resulted in a decision not to renew the lease for office and laboratory space in Marlborough, Massachusetts, which expired on March 31, 2024. Beginning in April 2024, we have continued operations as a remote business with a laboratory facility in Worcester, Massachusetts. Beginning in January 2024, we rationalized discovery research personnel resulting in an overall headcount reduction by greater than 50%. Expense reductions have been redirected to funding the Phase 1b clinical trial with PH-762.

**PH-762**

PH-762 is an INTASYL compound designed to reduce the expression of cell death protein 1 ("**PD-1**"). PD-1 is a protein that inhibits T cells' ability to kill cancer cells and is a clinically validated target in immunotherapy. Decreasing the expression of PD-1 can thereby increase the capacity of T cells, which protect the body from cancer cells and infections, to kill cancer cells.

Our preclinical studies have demonstrated that direct-to-tumor application of PH-762 resulted in potent anti-tumoral effects and have shown that direct-to-tumor treatment with PH-762 inhibits tumor growth in a dose dependent fashion in PD-1 responsive and refractory models. Importantly, direct-to-tumor administration of PH-762 resulted in activity against distant untreated tumors, indicative of a systemic anti-tumor response. We believe these data further support the potential for PH-762 to provide a strong local immune response without the dose immune-related adverse effects seen with systemic antibody therapy.

PH-762 is currently being evaluated in a U.S. multi-center Phase 1b dose-escalating clinical trial through the intratumoral injection of PH-762 for the treatment of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. The trial (NCT 06014086) is designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of neoadjuvant use of intratumorally injected PH-762, assess the tumor response, and determine the dose or dose range for continued study of PH-762 and is expected to enroll up to 30 patients. In November 2023, we announced the dosing of the first patient under a previously cleared Investigational New Drug ("**IND**") application by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A Safety Monitoring Committee (SMC) reviewed data from the first, second, third and fourth dose cohorts treated with PH-762 and, in each case, recommended escalation to the next dose concentration. To date, a total of 15 patients with cutaneous carcinomas have been treated in Cohorts 1, 2, 3 and 4. These cohorts included 13 patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), one patient with metastatic melanoma and one patient with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. At Day 36 (planned tumor excision), of the 13 patients with cSCC, five patients had a pathologic complete response (100% tumor clearance). One patient had a near complete response (>90% clearance) and one patient had a partial response (>50% clearance). The other six cSCC patients and one metastatic melanoma patient had a pathologic non-response (< 50% clearance). The Merkel cell patient had a partial response (> 50% clearance). Patients with pathologic complete response (100% tumor clearance) may have visual signs of residual scar or subdermal inflammation prior to resection. No patients, however, exhibited clinical progression of disease. To date, there were no dose-limiting toxicities or clinically relevant treatment-emergent adverse effects in the patients receiving intratumoral PH-762 in this trial. Moreover, PH-762 has been well tolerated in all enrolled patients in each escalating dose cohort. On June 25, 2025, we announced that the SMC recommended dose escalation to the fifth cohort in our Phase 1b clinical trial. The fifth cohort is currently enrolling patients, and we expect to complete enrollment in the trial in the third quarter of 2025.

Due to INTASYL's ease of administration, we have shown that our compounds can easily be incorporated into current Adoptive Cell Therapy (ACT) manufacturing processes. In ACT, T cells are usually taken from a patient's own blood or tumor tissue, grown in large numbers in a laboratory, and then given back to the patient to help the immune system fight cancer. By treating T cells with our INTASYL compounds while they are being grown in the laboratory, we believe our INTASYL compounds can improve these immune cells to make them more effective in killing cancer. Preclinical data generated in collaboration with AgonOx, Inc. ("**AgonOx**"), a private company developing a pipeline of novel immunotherapy drugs targeting key regulators of the immune response to cancer, demonstrated that treating AgonOx's "double positive" tumor infiltrating lymphocytes ("**DP TIL**") with PH-762 increased their tumor killing activity by two-fold.

In February 2021, we entered into a clinical co-development collaboration agreement (the "**Clinical Co-Development Agreement**") with AgonOx to develop a T cell-based therapy using PH-762 and AgonOx's DP TIL. Under the Clinical Co-Development Agreement, we had agreed to reimburse AgonOx up to $4 million in expenses incurred to conduct a Phase 1 clinical trial of PH-762 treated DP TIL in patients with advanced melanoma and other advanced solid tumors. We were also eligible to receive certain future development milestones and low single-digit sales-based royalty payments from AgonOx's licensing of its DP TIL technology.

In May 2024, we terminated the Clinical Co-Development Agreement with AgonOx, effective immediately. Effective as of the date of termination, the Clinical Co-Development Agreement and our and AgonOx's continuing obligations thereunder were terminated in their entirety. We are no longer required to provide financial support for the development costs incurred in the Clinical Co-Development Agreement and we are no longer entitled to future development milestones or royalty payments from AgonOx's licensing of its DP TIL technology. We paid to AgonOx all payment obligations that accrued prior to the termination of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement, each of the Company and AgonOx were responsible for its own costs and expenses incurred in connection with the wind-down of the Phase 1 clinical trial. We made the remaining payment of $34,320, which primarily related to accrued obligations for patient fees and other miscellaneous costs as of the date of termination to AgonOx on March 21, 2025. This settled all future obligations to AgonOx.

Prior to the termination of the Clinical Co-Development Agreement with AgonOx, PH-762 treated DP TIL were being evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical trial in the U.S. with up to 18 patients with advanced melanoma and other advanced solid tumors by AgonOx. The primary trial objectives were to evaluate the safety and to study the potential for enhanced therapeutic benefit from the administration of PH-762 treated DP TIL. AgonOx had enrolled three patients. The first two patients were treated with DP TIL only and a third patient was treated with a combination of DP TIL and PH-762. Clinical results for the single patient who received a combination of DP TIL and PH-762 showed tumor size reductions of 65%, 100% and 81%, respectively, in three melanoma lesions.

**PH-894**

PH-894 is an INTASYL compound that is designed to silence BRD4, a protein that controls gene expression in both T cells and tumor cells, thereby affecting the immune system as well as the tumor. Intracellular and/or commonly considered "undruggable" targets, such as BRD4, represent a challenge for small molecule and antibody therapies. Therefore, what sets this compound apart is its dual mechanism: PH-894 suppression of BRD4 in T cells results in T cell activation, and suppression of BRD4 in tumor cells results in tumors becoming more sensitive to being killed by T cells.

Preclinical studies conducted have demonstrated that PH-894 resulted in a strong, concentration dependent and durable silencing of BRD4 in T cells and in various cancer cells. Similar to PH-762, preclinical studies have also shown that direct-to-tumor application of PH-894 resulted in potent and statistically significant anti-tumoral effects against distant untreated tumors, indicative of a systemic anti-tumor response. These preclinical data indicate that PH-894 can reprogram T cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment to provide enhanced immunotherapeutic activity. We have completed the IND-enabling studies and are in the process of finalizing the study reports required for an IND submission with PH-894. As a result of the reprioritization to advance our clinical trial with PH-762 in the U.S., we have elected to defer the IND submission for PH-894.

**Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions and could have a material impact on our reported results.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to those disclosed in our 2024 Form 10-K. For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to "*Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates*" in Part II, Item 7 of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.

**Results of Operations**

The following data summarizes the results of our operations for the periods indicated, in thousands:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended June 30,** | **Three Months Ended June 30,** | | **Six Months Ended June 30,** | **Six Months Ended June 30,** | |
| <br>**Description** | **2025** | **2024** |<br>**Dollar**<br> **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Dollar<br> Change** |
| Operating expenses | $2309 | $1914 | $395 | $4181 | $4123 | $58 |
| Operating loss | $(2309) | $(1914) | $(395) | $(4181) | $(4123) | $(58) |
| Net loss | $(2166) | $(1846) | $(320) | $(3935) | $(4000) | $65 |

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**Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024**

***Operating Expenses***

 ****

The following table summarizes our total operating expenses, for the periods indicated, in thousands:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended <br> June 30,** | **Three Months Ended <br> June 30,** | | **Six Months Ended**<br> **June 30,** | **Six Months Ended**<br> **June 30,** | |
| <br>**Description** | **2025** | **2024** |<br>**Dollar**<br> **Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **Dollar**<br> **Change** |
| Research and development | $1074 | $866 | $208 | $1960 | $2014 | $(54) |
| General and administrative | 1235 | 1048 | 187 | 2221 | 2109 | 112 |
| Total operating expenses | $2309 | $1914 | $395 | $4181 | $4123 | $58 |

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**Research and Development Expenses**

Research and development expenses relate to compensation and benefits for research and development personnel, facility-related expenses, supplies, external services, costs to acquire technology licenses, research activities under our research collaboration agreement, expenses associated with preclinical and clinical development activities and other operating costs. Our research and development programs are focused on the development of immuno-oncology therapeutics based on our INTASYL technology. Since we commenced operations, research and development expenses have been a significant portion of our total operating expenses and are expected to constitute the majority of our spending for the foreseeable future.

Research and development (R&D) expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased 24% as compared with the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in research and development expenses was primarily driven by an $81,000 increase in pass-through costs in connection with higher patient enrollment, a $53,000 increase in consultant fees, and an increase in salary-related costs of $70,000.

Research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased 3% as compared with the six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company considers this to be an immaterial fluctuation.

**General and Administrative Expenses**

General and administrative expenses relate to compensation and benefits for general and administrative personnel, facility-related expenses, professional fees for legal and patent-related activities, audit, tax and consulting services, as well as other general corporate expenses.

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased 18% as compared with the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by a $185,000 increase in salary-related costs for new hires.

General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased 5% as compared with the six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company considers this to be an immaterial fluctuation.

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

Historically, our primary source of funding has been through the sale of our securities. In the future, we will be dependent on obtaining funding from third parties, such as proceeds from the issuance of debt, sale of equity or strategic opportunities, in order to maintain our operations. We have reported recurring losses from operations since inception and expect that we will continue to have negative cash flows from our operations for the foreseeable future. At June 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $10,775,000 as compared with $5,382,000 at December 31, 2024.

In July 2025, the Company entered into inducement letter agreements (the "**July 2025 Inducement Letter Agreements**") with certain holders of certain of the Company's existing warrants to purchase an aggregate of 928,596 shares of the Company's common stock. The existing warrants were originally issued in December 2024 and January 2025, having exercise prices between $2.00 and $3.00 per share. Warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at the existing exercise price of $2.00 per share were exercised at their existing exercise price of $2.00 per share, and warrants to purchase 828,596 shares of common stock were exercised at a reduced exercise price of $2.485 per share. Pursuant to the July 2025 Inducement Letter Agreements, in consideration for the immediate exercise of such warrants for cash and the payment of an additional $0.125 per New Warrant (as defined below), or an aggregate of $232,149 for all New Warrants, the Company agreed to issue new unregistered five-year term Series J warrants (the "**Series J Warrants**") to purchase an aggregate of up to 318,596 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.485 and new unregistered 24-month term Series K warrants (the "**Series K Warrants**" and, together with the Series J Warrants, the "**New Warrants**") to purchase an aggregate of up to 1,538,596 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.485 (the "**July 2025 Financing**"). In addition, the Company issued warrants to the placement agent, H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC, to purchase up to 69,645 shares of common stock (the "**Placement Agent Warrants**"). 7,500 of the Placement Agent Warrants issued have an exercise price of $2.8125 per share of Common Stock and a term of five years, 16,395 of the Placement Agent Warrants issued have an exercise price of $3.4188 per share of Common Stock and a term of five years, and 45,750 of the Placement Agent Warrants issued have an exercise price of $3.4188 per share of Common Stock and a term of twenty-four months. The net proceeds to the Company from the July 2025 Financing are approximately $2,200,000, after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses.

We have limited cash resources, have reported recurring losses from operations since inception, have negative operating cash flows and have not yet received product revenues. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern, and our current cash resources may not provide sufficient capital to fund operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of the release of the condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Our continuation as a going concern depends upon our ability to raise additional capital through equity offerings, debt offerings and/or strategic opportunities to fund our operations. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in accomplishing any of these plans in order to continue as a going concern. The condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report do not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated, in thousands:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Six Months Ended<br> June 30,** | **Six Months Ended<br> June 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net cash used in operating activities | $(3815) | $(3788) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (5) |  |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 9213 | (4) |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $5393 | $(3792) |

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 ****

***Net Cash Used in Operating Activities***

Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased 1% as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024. The Company considers this to be an immaterial fluctuation.

 ****

***Net Cash Used in Investing Activities***

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was approximately $5,000 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 where net cash used in investing activities was $0. The increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to computer equipment purchases during the six months ended June 30, 2025.

 ****

***Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities***

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was approximately $9,213,000 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024 where net cash used in financing activities was $4,000. The increase in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily due to the issuance of common stock and warrants, and the exercise of warrants, both as described in Note 2 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

**Contractual Obligations**

There have been no material changes to the contractual obligations as disclosed in our 2024 Form 10-K. For a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to "*Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Contractual Obligations*" in Part II, Item 7 of our 2024 Form 10-K.

**Future Funding Requirements**

At June 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $10,775,000, which includes aggregate net proceeds of approximately $6,700,000, after deducting fees and estimated offering expenses, from our January 2025 Financings. We expect that our cash and cash equivalents will enable us to fund our current operating plan into the second quarter of 2026. Due to the difficulty and uncertainty associated with the design and implementation of preclinical studies and clinical trials, we will continue to assess our cash and cash equivalents and future funding requirements. However, there is no assurance that additional funding will be achieved and that we will succeed in our future operations. We expect to continue to incur substantial additional operating losses for at least the next several years as we continue to develop our product candidates and seek marketing approval and, subject to obtaining such approval, the eventual commercialization of our product candidates. If we obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates, we will incur significant sales, marketing and manufacturing expenses. We also expect to continue to incur significant costs to comply with corporate governance, internal controls and similar requirements associated with operating as a public reporting company.

Actual cash requirements could differ from management's projections due to many factors including additional investments in research and development programs such as PH-894, clinical trial expenses for PH-762, competing technological and market developments, general and administrative expenses, and the costs of any strategic acquisitions and/or development of complementary business opportunities. The amount of additional capital we will require will be influenced by many factors, including, but not limited to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· the scope, progress, results, and costs of clinical
trials of PH-762;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· our expectations regarding the timing and clinical
development of PH-762;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· whether and to what extent we internally fund,
whether and when we initiate, and how we conduct additional pipeline product development programs, including PH-894;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· whether and when we are able to enter into strategic
arrangements for our product candidates and the nature of those arrangements;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting,
maintaining, defending, and enforcing any patent claims;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· changes in our operating plan, resulting in increases
or decreases in our need for capital;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· disruptions at the FDA, including due to a reduction
in the FDA's workforce and/or inadequate funding for the FDA;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· U.S. and international trade policies; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· our views on the availability, timing, and desirability
of raising capital.

We expect to seek additional funding to sustain our future operations and while we have successfully raised capital in the past, the ability to raise capital in future periods is not assured. We do not know if additional capital will be available when needed or on terms favorable to us or our stockholders. Collaboration, licensing or other agreements may not be available on favorable terms, or at all. If we seek to sell our equity securities, we do not know whether and to what extent we will be able to do so, or on what terms. If available, additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders, debt financing may involve restrictive covenants or other unfavorable terms and dilute our existing stockholders' equity, and funding through collaboration, licensing or other commercial agreements may be on unfavorable terms, including requiring us to relinquish rights to certain of our technologies or products. If adequate financing is not available if and when needed, we may delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate research or development programs, if any, postpone or cancel the pursuit of product candidates, or otherwise significantly curtail our operations to reduce our cash requirements and extend our capital.

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 3.** | **QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK** |

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As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide this information.

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 4.** | **CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES** |

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**Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "**Exchange Act**")) as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information that we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. We believe that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report, management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of such date.

**Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting**

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ending June 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

**PART II — OTHER INFORMATION**

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 1.** | **LEGAL PROCEEDINGS** |

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From time to time, we may become a party to various legal proceedings and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any actual or threatened material legal proceedings of which we are aware.

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 1A.** | **RISK FACTORS** |

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Other than set forth below, there have been no material changes in our risk factors set forth in "*Risk Factors in Part I*, "*Item 1A*". in our 2024 Form 10-K. The risk factor described therein and set forth below could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including these risks. Additional risks not currently known or currently material to us may also harm our business.

***We may not be able to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market.***

To maintain continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements. For example, Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) requires companies listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market to maintain stockholders' equity of at least $2.5 million for continued listing. As of June 30, 2025, our stockholders' equity was $10.1 million and there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain or increase our stockholders' equity in the future. If our stockholders' equity falls below $2.5 million, as a result of operating losses or for other reasons, or if we are unable to demonstrate to Nasdaq's satisfaction that we subsequently regained compliance with this requirement, Nasdaq will notify us of such non-compliance. If we receive such notice from Nasdaq, in accordance with the Nasdaq Listing Rules, we will have 45 calendar days from the date of the notification to submit a plan to regain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). If our compliance plan is accepted, we may be granted up to 180 calendar days from the date of the initial notification to evidence compliance. If our compliance plan is not accepted or we are otherwise unable to evidence compliance within Nasdaq's allotted timeframe, Nasdaq may take steps to delist our Common Stock.

In addition, Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) requires a minimum bid price of at least $1.00 per share, and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. Although the Company is currently in compliance with this requirement, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain compliance. We have in the past effected reverse stock splits of our Common Stock in order to regain or maintain compliance with this requirement (most recently on July 5, 2024).

Such a delisting would have an adverse effect on the market liquidity of our securities, decrease the market price of our securities, result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers and employees and fewer business development opportunities, and adversely affect our ability to obtain financing for the continuation of our operations. We actively monitor our stockholders' equity and minimum bid price and will consider any and all options available to us to maintain compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rules 5550(b)(1) and (a)(2).

***Changes in U.S. and international trade policies may adversely impact our business and operating results.***

From time to time, proposals are made to significantly change existing trade agreements and relationships between the U.S. and other countries. In recent years, the U.S. government has implemented substantial changes to U.S. trade policies, including import restrictions, increased import tariffs and changes in U.S. participation in multilateral trade agreements. Because some of our vendors, manufactures and suppliers are located in other foreign countries, we are exposed to the possibility of product supply disruption and increased costs in the event of changes in the policies, laws, rules and regulations of the United States or foreign governments, as well as political unrest or unstable economic conditions in foreign countries. The U.S. government has adopted a new approach to trade policy and, in some cases, entered into new trade agreements. Our supply may in the future be subject to increased import tariffs, which could increase our manufacturing costs and could make our products, if successfully developed and approved, less competitive than those of our competitors whose inputs are not subject to such tariffs. We may otherwise experience supply disruptions or delays, and our suppliers may not continue to provide us with clinical supply in our required quantities, to our required specifications and quality levels or at attractive prices. Such disruption could have adverse effects on the development of our product candidates and our business operations.

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 2.** | **UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS** |

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No sales or issuances of unregistered securities occurred that have not previously been disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 3.** | **DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES** |

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None.

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 4.** | **MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES** |

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Not applicable.

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|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 5.** | **OTHER INFORMATION** |

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*Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers*

 

Robert Infarinato's employment as the Company's Vice President of Strategic Development terminated on July 31, 2025 (the "**Termination Date**"). Mr. Infarinato previously served as the Company's Chief Financial Officer from August 1, 2024 to June 6, 2025. In connection with his separation from the Company, the Company entered into a separation agreement with Mr. Infarinato on August 11th, 2025, which provided for (i) severance in the amount of twelve weeks of Mr. Infarinato's base salary, which amounts to $60,000, (ii) payment of a lump sum of $40,000 on the first regularly scheduled payroll date following the Termination Date, and (iii) the continued vesting of all outstanding equity-based awards granted to Mr. Infarinato prior to the Termination Date (which amounts to 11,000 restricted stock units scheduled to vest on August 13, 2025 and September 11, 2025). In exchange for these benefits, Mr. Infarinato signed a release of claims against the Company and its affiliates and re-affirmed certain confidentiality, non-solicitation and post-departure cooperation covenants. The foregoing description of the separation agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the agreement, which is attached as Exhibit 10.3 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

*Insider Trading Arrangements*

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ITEM 6.** | **EXHIBITS** |

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**EXHIBIT INDEX** 

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **Incorporated by Reference Herein** | **Incorporated by Reference Herein** |
| <br>**Exhibit<br> Number** | <br>**Description** | **Form** | **Date** |
| 3.1 | [Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316818003505/phio_ex0302.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | November 19, 2018 |
| 3.2 | [Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316820000141/phio_ex0301.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | January 14, 2020 |
| 3.3 | [Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316823000307/phio_ex0301.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | January 25, 2023 |
| 3.4 | [Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824004619/phio_ex0301.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | July 2, 2024 |
| 3.5 | [Certificate of Designation of Series D Preferred Stock, dated November 16, 2022.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316822007821/phio_ex0301.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | November 16, 2022 |
| 3.6 | [Amended and Restated Bylaws of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316822003069/phio_ex0301.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | May 2, 2022 |
| 4.1 | [Form of Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316818002882/rxi_s1aa2-0405.htm) | Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-221173) | September 28, 2018 |
| 4.2 | [Form of Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316820000378/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | February 6, 2020 |
| 4.3 | [Form of Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316820001071/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | April 2, 2020 |
| 4.4 | [Form of Common Stock Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316821000249/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | January 25, 2021 |
| 4.5 | [Form of Placement Agent Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316821000600/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | February 17, 2021 |
| 4.6 | [Form of Series A Common Stock Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316823002542/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | April 20, 2023 |
| 4.7 | [Form of Series B Common Stock Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316823002542/phio_ex0402.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | April 20, 2023 |
| 4.8 | [Form of Existing Warrant Amendment.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316823002542/phio_ex0403.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | April 20, 2023 |
| 4.9 | [Form of Series A Common Stock Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316823003863/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | June 2, 2023 |
| 4.10 | [Form of Series B Common Stock Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316823003863/phio_ex0402.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | June 2, 2023 |
| 4.11 | [Form of Series A/B Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316823008732/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | December 8, 2023 |
| 4.12 | [Form of Placement Agent Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316823008732/phio_ex0402.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | December 8, 2023 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 4.13 | [Form of Series C/D Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824004800/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | July 12, 2024 |
| 4.14 | [Form of Placement Agent Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824004800/phio_ex0402.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | July 12, 2024 |
| 4.15 | [Form of Series E Common Stock Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824008884/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | December 20, 2024 |
| 4.16 | [Form of Placement Agent Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824008884/phio_ex0402.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | December 20, 2024 |
| 4.17 | [Form of Series F Common Stock Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824008984/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | December 26, 2024 |
| 4.18 | [Form of Placement Agent Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316824008984/phio_ex0402.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;December 26, 2024 |
| 4.19 | [Form of Series G Common Stock Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825000347/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | January 14, 2025 |
| 4.20 | [Form of Placement Agent Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825000347/phio_ex0402.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | January 14, 2025 |
| 4.21 | [Form of Series H Common Stock Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825000384/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | January 15, 2025 |
| 4.22 | [Form of Placement Agent Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825000384/phio_ex0402.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | January 15, 2025 |
| 4.23 | [Form of Series I Common Stock Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825000426/phio_ex0401.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | January 17, 2025 |
| 4.24 | [Form of Placement Agent Warrant.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825000426/phio_ex0402.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | January 17, 2025 |
| 10.1# | [Offer Letter, executed April 21, 2025 by and between the Company and Lisa Carson.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1533040/000168316825004421/phio_ex1001.htm) | Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-36304) | June 12, 2025 |
| 10.2\*# | [Form of Indemnification Agreement.](phio_ex1002.htm) |  |  |
| 10.3\*# | [Separation Agreement and General Release of Claims, dated August 11, 2025, by and between the Company and Robert Infarinato.](phio_ex1003.htm) |  |  |
| 31.1\* | [Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer.](phio_ex3101.htm) |  |  |
| 31.2\* | [Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer.](phio_ex3102.htm) |  |  |
| 32.1\*\* | [Sarbanes-Oxley Act Section 906 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer.](phio_ex3201.htm) |  |  |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document.\* | Inline XBRL Instance Document.\* |  |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.\* |  |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.\* |  |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.\* |  |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.\* |  |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.\* |  |
| 104 | The cover page for this report, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).\* | The cover page for this report, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101).\* |  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| _________________ | _________________ |
| \* | Filed herewith. |
| \*\* | Furnished herewith and not deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section or incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. |
| # | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |

---

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized on August 14, 2025.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. | Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. |
| By: | /s/ Robert J. Bitterman&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |
|  | Robert J. Bitterman |
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer<br> (as Principal Executive Officer) |
| By: | /s/ Lisa Carson&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |
|  | Lisa Carson |
|  | Vice President, Finance & Administration<br> (as Principal Financial Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 10.2

**Exhibit 10.2**

**INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT**

THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (this "<u>Agreement</u>") is made as of the _____ day of ________, 20__ by and between Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "<u>Company</u>") and __________ (the "<u>Indemnitee</u>").

**RECITALS**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A. The Company's board of directors (the "<u>Board</u>") has determined that the increasing difficulty in attracting and retaining qualified persons as directors and officers is detrimental to the best interests of the Company's stockholders and that the Company should act to assure such persons that there will be adequate certainty of protection through insurance and indemnification against risks of claims and actions against them arising out of their service to and activities on behalf of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B. Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "<u>DGCL</u>") empowers the Company by agreement to indemnify and advance expenses to its officers, directors, employees and agents and to indemnify and advance expenses to persons who serve, at the request of the Company, as directors, officers, employees or agents of other corporations or enterprises, and expressly provides that the indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by Section 145 is not exclusive.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C. The Company has adopted provisions in its Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws providing for mandatory indemnification of its officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, subject to certain limitations specified in the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and the Company wishes to clarify and enhance the rights and obligations of the Company and the Indemnitee with respect to indemnification.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;D. To induce and encourage highly experienced and capable persons such as the Indemnitee to serve and continue to serve as directors and officers of the Company and in other capacities with respect to the Company and its affiliates, and to otherwise promote the desirable end that such persons will resist what they consider unjustified lawsuits and claims made against them in connection with the good faith performance of their duties to the Company, with the knowledge that certain costs, judgments, liabilities and expenses incurred by them in their defense of such litigation are to be borne by the Company, the Board has determined that this Agreement is reasonable and prudent to promote and ensure the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

**AGREEMENT**

**NOW, THEREFORE**, in consideration of the Indemnitee's service as a director or officer of the Company, or service at the Company's request as a director, officer, employee or agent of other corporations or enterprises, after the date hereof, and for other good and valuable consideration, the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties to this Agreement, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. <u>Service by Indemnitee</u>. The Indemnitee will serve and/or continue to serve as a director or officer of the Company faithfully and to the best of the Indemnitee's ability so long as the Indemnitee is duly elected or appointed and until such time as the Indemnitee is removed, terminated or resigns.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. <u>Indemnification</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>General</u>. The Company shall indemnify the Indemnitee (i) as provided in this Agreement and (ii) subject to the provisions of this Agreement, to the fullest extent and in a manner permitted by applicable law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>Proceedings Other Than Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company</u>. Except as provided in <u>Section 4</u>, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to the rights of indemnification provided in this <u>Section 2(b)</u> if, by reason of the Indemnitee's Corporate Status, the Indemnitee is or was, or is or was threatened to be made, a party to, or is or was otherwise involved in, a Proceeding, other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor. The Indemnitee shall be indemnified pursuant to and in accordance with this <u>Section 2(b)</u> against all Losses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee or on the Indemnitee's behalf in connection with such a Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, but only if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner that the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the Indemnitee's conduct was unlawful.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) <u>Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company</u>. Except as provided in <u>Section 4</u>, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to the rights of indemnification provided in this <u>Section 2(c)</u> if, by reason of the Indemnitee's Corporate Status, the Indemnitee is or was, or is or was threatened to be made, a party to, or is or was otherwise involved in, a Proceeding brought by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor. The Indemnitee shall be indemnified pursuant to and in accordance with this <u>Section 2(c)</u> against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee or on the Indemnitee's behalf in connection with such a Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, but only if the Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner that the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that no indemnification for such Expenses shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter in such Proceeding as to which the Indemnitee shall have been adjudged liable to the Company, except to the extent (and only to the extent) that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the "<u>Delaware Chancery Court</u>") or the court in which such Proceeding was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, the Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses that the Delaware Chancery Court or such other court shall deem proper. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, if the Indemnitee, by reason of the Indemnitee's Corporate Status, is or was, or is or was threatened to be made, a party to any Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor, then the Company shall not indemnify the Indemnitee for any judgment, penalty, fines or amounts paid in settlement to the Company in connection with such Proceeding.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Indemnification for Expenses if Indemnitee is Wholly or Partly Successful</u>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, to the extent that the Indemnitee, by reason of the Indemnitee's Corporate Status, is or was, or is or was threatened to be made, a party to any Proceeding and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in defending such Proceeding (including dismissal without prejudice), the Indemnitee shall be indemnified to the maximum extent permitted by law against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee or on the Indemnitee's behalf in connection with the defense of such Proceeding. If the Indemnitee is not wholly successful in defending any such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in defending one or more but less than all of the claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding (including dismissal without prejudice of certain claims), the Company shall indemnify the Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee or on the Indemnitee's behalf in defending each such successfully resolved claim, issue or matter. To the extent the Indemnitee has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in defending any Proceeding, or in defending any claim, issue or matter therein, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to indemnification as provided in this <u>Section 2(d)</u> regardless of whether the Indemnitee met the standards of conduct set forth in <u>Sections 2(b)</u> and <u>2(c)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) <u>Indemnification for Expenses as a Witness</u>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to the extent that the Indemnitee, by reason of the Indemnitee's Corporate Status, is or was, or is or was threatened to be made, a witness in any Proceeding to which the Indemnitee is not a party, the Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee or on the Indemnitee's behalf in connection therewith. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to indemnification for Expenses incurred in connection with being, or being threatened to be made, a witness, as provided in this <u>Section 2(e)</u>, regardless of whether the Indemnitee met the standards of conduct set forth in <u>Sections 2(b)</u> and <u>2(c)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) <u>Partial Indemnification</u>. If the Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some portion of the Losses actually and reasonably incurred by the Indemnitee in a Proceeding, but not for the total amount thereof, the Company shall indemnify the Indemnitee for the portion of such Losses to which the Indemnitee is entitled.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. <u>Advancement of Expenses</u>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, but subject to <u>Section 4</u>, if, by reason of the Indemnitee's Corporate Status, the Indemnitee is or was, or is or was threatened to be made, a party to, is or was otherwise involved in, or is or was, or is or was threatened to be made, a witness in any Proceeding (including a Proceeding brought by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor), then the Company shall advance all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in connection with any such Proceeding in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding within thirty (30) calendar days after the receipt by the Company of a written request for such advance or advances from time to time. Such written request shall include or be accompanied by a statement or statements reasonably evidencing the Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnitee and for which advancement is requested. The Indemnitee hereby undertakes to repay to the Company any advances of Expenses pursuant to this <u>Section 3</u> if and to the extent that it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified against such Expenses under this Agreement or otherwise. Any advances and undertakings to repay pursuant to this <u>Section 3</u> shall be unsecured and interest free. The Indemnitee shall be entitled to advancement of Expenses as provided in this <u>Section 3</u> regardless of any determination by or on behalf of the Company that the Indemnitee has not met the standards of conduct set forth in <u>Sections 2(b)</u> and <u>2(c)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. <u>Proceedings Against the Company; Certain Securities Laws Claims</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in <u>Section 2</u> or <u>Section 3</u>, except as provided in <u>Section 7(d)</u>, with respect to a Proceeding initiated against the Company by the Indemnitee (whether initiated by the Indemnitee in or by reason of such person's capacity as an officer or director of the Company or in or by reason of any other capacity, including as an employee or agent of the Company or a director, officer, employee or agent of Another Enterprise), the Company shall not be required to indemnify or advance Expenses to the Indemnitee in connection with prosecuting such Proceeding (or any part thereof) or in defending any counterclaim, cross-claim, affirmative defense or like claim of the Company in such Proceeding (or any part thereof) unless such Proceeding was authorized by the Board. For purposes of this <u>Section 4</u>, a compulsory counterclaim by the Indemnitee against the Company in connection with a Proceeding initiated against the Indemnitee by the Company shall not be considered a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated against the Company by the Indemnitee, and the Indemnitee shall have all rights of indemnification and advancement with respect to any such compulsory counterclaim in accordance with and subject to the terms of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in <u>Section 2</u> (other than <u>Section 2(d)</u>) or <u>Section 3</u>), except as provided in <u>Section 2(d)</u> with respect to indemnification of Expenses in connection with whole or partial success on the merits or otherwise in defending any Proceeding, the Company shall not be required to indemnify the Indemnitee in connection with any claim made against the Indemnitee for (i) an accounting of profits made from the purchase and sale (or sale and purchase) by the Indemnitee of securities of the Company within the meaning of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "<u>Exchange Act</u>") or similar provisions of state statutory law or common law or (ii) any reimbursement of the Company by the Indemnitee for any bonus or other incentive-based or equity-based compensation or for any profits realized by the Indemnitee from the sale of securities of the Company, as required in each case under the Exchange Act (including any such reimbursements that arise from an accounting restatement of the Company pursuant to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the "<u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</u>"), or the payment to the Company of profits arising from the purchase and sale by the Indemnitee of securities in violation of Section 306 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. <u>Procedure for Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification; Independent Counsel</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) To obtain indemnification under this Agreement, the Indemnitee shall submit to the Company (following the final disposition of the applicable Proceeding) a written request for indemnification, including therein or therewith, except to the extent previously provided to the Company in connection with a request or requests for advancement pursuant to <u>Section 3</u>, a statement or statements reasonably evidencing all Losses incurred or paid by or on behalf of the Indemnitee and for which indemnification is requested. The Secretary of the Company shall, promptly upon receipt of such a request for indemnification, advise the Board in writing that the Indemnitee has requested indemnification.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Upon written request by the Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to the first sentence of <u>Section 5(a)</u>, if required by applicable law and to the extent not otherwise provided in <u>Section 2(d)</u> of this Agreement, a determination with respect to the Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification shall be made in the specific case as follows: (i) if a Change in Control shall have occurred and if so requested in writing by the Indemnitee, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board; or (ii) if a Change in Control shall not have occurred (or if a Change in Control shall have occurred but the Indemnitee shall not have requested that indemnification be determined by Independent Counsel as provided in clause (i) of this <u>Section 5(b)</u>), (A) by a majority vote of the Disinterested Directors, even though less than a quorum of the Board, (B) by a committee of Disinterested Directors designated by majority vote of the Disinterested Directors, even though less than a quorum of the Board, (C) if there are no such Disinterested Directors, or if such Disinterested Directors so direct, by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board or (D) by the Company's stockholders in accordance with applicable law. Notice in writing of any determination as to the Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification shall be delivered to the Indemnitee promptly after such determination is made, and if such determination of entitlement to indemnification has been made by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board, then such notice shall be accompanied by a copy of such written opinion. If it is determined that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, then payment to the Indemnitee of all amounts to which the Indemnitee is determined to be entitled shall be made within thirty (30) calendar days after such determination. If it is determined that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, then the written notice to the Indemnitee (or, if such determination has been made by Independent Counsel in a written opinion, the copy of such written opinion delivered to the Indemnitee) shall disclose the basis of such determination. The Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or entity making the determination with respect to the Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification, including providing to such person, persons or entity upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information that is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and that is reasonably available to the Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) If the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u>, the Independent Counsel shall be selected as provided in this <u>Section 5(c)</u>. If a Change in Control shall not have occurred (or if a Change in Control shall have occurred but the Indemnitee shall not have requested that indemnification be determined by Independent Counsel as provided in clause (i) of <u>Section 5(b)</u>), then the Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Board, and the Company shall give written notice to the Indemnitee advising the Indemnitee of the identity of the Independent Counsel so selected. If a Change in Control shall have occurred and the Indemnitee shall have requested that indemnification be determined by Independent Counsel, then the Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Indemnitee (unless the Indemnitee shall request that such selection be made by the Board, in which event the preceding sentence shall apply), and the Indemnitee shall give written notice to the Company advising it of the identity of the Independent Counsel so selected. In either event, the Indemnitee or the Company, as the case may be, may, within ten (10) calendar days after such written notice of selection has been given, deliver to the Company or to the Indemnitee, as the case may be, a written objection to such selection; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that such objection may be asserted only on the ground that the law firm or person so selected does not meet the requirements of "Independent Counsel" as defined in <u>Section 23</u>, and the objection shall set forth the basis of such assertion. Absent a proper and timely objection, the person so selected shall act as Independent Counsel. If such written objection is so made and substantiated, the law firm or person so selected may not serve as Independent Counsel unless and until such objection is withdrawn or the Delaware Chancery Court or another court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware has determined that such objection is without merit. If the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u> and, following the expiration of twenty (20) calendar days after submission by the Indemnitee of a written request for indemnification pursuant to <u>Section 5(a)</u>, Independent Counsel shall not have been selected, or an objection thereto has been made and not withdrawn, then either the Company or the Indemnitee may petition the Delaware Chancery Court or other court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware for resolution of any objection that shall have been made by the Company or the Indemnitee to the other's selection of Independent Counsel and/or for appointment as Independent Counsel of a law firm or person selected by such court (or selected by such person as the court shall designate), and the law firm or person with respect to whom all objections are so resolved or the law firm or person so appointed shall act as Independent Counsel under <u>Section 5(b)</u>. Upon the due commencement of any judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to <u>Section 7(a)</u>, Independent Counsel shall be discharged and relieved of any further responsibility in such capacity (subject to the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing). If the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u>, then the Company agrees to pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such Independent Counsel and to fully indemnify and hold harmless such Independent Counsel against any and all Expenses, claims, liabilities and damages arising out of or relating to this Agreement or its engagement pursuant hereto.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. <u>Burden of Proof, Defenses and Presumptions</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) In any judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to <u>Section 7</u> brought by the Indemnitee to enforce rights to indemnification or an advancement of expenses hereunder, or in any action, suit or proceeding brought by the Company to recover an advancement of expenses (whether pursuant to the terms of an undertaking or otherwise), the burden shall be on the Company to prove that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such an advancement of expenses, as the case may be.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) It shall be a defense in any judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to <u>Section 7</u> to enforce rights to indemnification under <u>Section 2(b)</u> or <u>Section 2(c)</u> (but not in any judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to <u>Section 7</u> to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses under <u>Section 3</u>) that the Indemnitee has not met the standards of conduct set forth in <u>Section 2(b)</u> or <u>Section 2(c)</u>, as the case may be, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Company. With respect to any judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to <u>Section 7</u> brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder, or any action, suit or proceeding brought by the Company to recover an advancement of expenses (whether pursuant to the terms of an undertaking or otherwise), neither (i) the failure of the Company (including by its directors or Independent Counsel) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action, suit, proceeding or arbitration that indemnification is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the applicable standards of conduct, nor (ii) an actual determination by the Company (including by its directors or Independent Counsel) that the Indemnitee has not met such applicable standards of conduct, shall create a presumption that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standards of conduct or, in the case of a judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to <u>Section 7</u> brought by the Indemnitee seeking to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder, be a defense to such proceeding or arbitration.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of *nolo contendre* or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, adversely affect the right of the Indemnitee to indemnification hereunder or create a presumption (i) that the Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, or (ii) with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that the Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the Indemnitee's conduct was unlawful.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) For purposes of any determination of good faith, the Indemnitee shall be deemed to have acted in good faith if the Indemnitee's action is based on (i) the records or books of account of the Company or Another Enterprise (if the Indemnitee is or was serving as a director, officer, employee, agent, or fiduciary of such Other Enterprise at the request of the Company), including financial statements, (ii) information supplied to the Indemnitee by the officers of the Company or Another Enterprise in the course of their duties, (iii) the advice of legal counsel for the Company or Another Enterprise or (iv) information or records given or reports made to the Company or Another Enterprise by an independent certified public accountant, appraiser or other expert selected by the Company or Another Enterprise. The provisions of this <u>Section 6(d)</u> shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the other circumstances in which the Indemnitee may be deemed or found to have met the applicable standards of conduct set forth in this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) The knowledge and/or actions, or failure to act, of any other director, officer, agent or employee of the Company or Another Enterprise shall not be imputed to the Indemnitee for purposes of determining the Indemnitee's right to indemnification under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. <u>Remedies of Indemnitee</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) In the event that (i) a determination is made pursuant to <u>Section 5</u> that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to <u>Section 3</u>, (iii) except when the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u>, no determination of entitlement to indemnification shall have been made pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u> within sixty (60) calendar days after receipt by the Company of the Indemnitee's written request for indemnification, (iv) under circumstances in which the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u>, no determination of entitlement to indemnification shall have been made pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u> within eighty (80) calendar days after receipt by the Company of the Indemnitee's written request for indemnification (unless an objection to the selection of such Independent Counsel has been made and substantiated and not withdrawn, in which case the applicable time period shall be seventy (70) calendar days after the Delaware Chancery Court or another court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware (or such person as is appointed by such court to make such determination) has determined or appointed the person to act as Independent Counsel pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u>), (v) payment of indemnification is not made pursuant to <u>Section 2(d)</u> or <u>Section 2(e)</u> within twenty (20) calendar days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor or (vi) payment of indemnification pursuant to <u>Section 2(b)</u> or <u>Section 2(c)</u> is not made within twenty (20) calendar days after a determination has been made pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u> that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, then the Indemnitee shall be entitled to seek an adjudication by the Delaware Chancery Court of the Indemnitee's entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of Expenses.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) In the event that a determination shall have been made pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u> that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this <u>Section 7</u> shall be conducted in all respects as a *de novo* trial, or arbitration, on the merits and the Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of that adverse determination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) If a determination shall have been made pursuant to <u>Section 5(b)</u> that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this <u>Section 7</u>, absent (i) a misstatement or misrepresentation by the Indemnitee (or anyone acting on the Indemnitee's behalf) of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make the Indemnitee's statement (or statements of persons acting on behalf of the Indemnitee) not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification or in connection with the provision of information or documentation pursuant to the last sentence of <u>Section 5(b)</u> or (ii) a prohibition of such indemnification under applicable law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) In the event that the Indemnitee, pursuant to this <u>Section 7</u>, seeks a judicial adjudication or an award in arbitration to enforce the Indemnitee's rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Agreement, then the Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Company, and shall be indemnified by the Company against, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in such judicial adjudication or arbitration, but only if (and only to the extent) the Indemnitee prevails therein. If it shall be determined in said judicial adjudication or arbitration that the Indemnitee is entitled to receive part but not all of the indemnification or advancement of Expenses sought, the expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such judicial adjudication or arbitration shall be appropriately prorated.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8. <u>Non-Exclusivity</u>. Except to the extent expressly provided herein, the rights of indemnification and to receive advancement of Expenses as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, the Company's Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders, or a resolution of directors, or otherwise, both as to action in or by reason of the Indemnitee's Corporate Status and as to action in or by reason of any other capacity of the Indemnitee while serving as a director or officer of the Company. No right or remedy herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. In the event of any change after the date of this Agreement in any applicable law, statute or rule that expands the power of a Delaware corporation to indemnify a member of its board of directors or an officer, employee, agent or fiduciary, it is the intent of the parties hereto that the Indemnitee shall enjoy by this Agreement the greatest benefits afforded by such change. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this <u>Section 8</u>, to the extent the time periods specified in <u>Section 3</u> and <u>Section 7(a)</u> with respect to the time at which the Indemnitee shall be entitled to seek an adjudication or an award in arbitration as to the Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification or advancement differ from similar time periods specified in the Company's Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, the time periods set forth in <u>Section 3</u> and <u>Section 7(a)</u> shall control and be binding on the Indemnitee and the Company and shall be deemed a waiver of any contrary right specified in the Company's Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. <u>Insurance, Subrogation and Other Sources of Payment</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The Company hereby covenants and agrees that from the date hereof through the Termination Date, the Company shall use reasonable efforts to maintain in full force and effect its current policy or policies of directors' and officers' liability insurance for the benefit of the Indemnitee; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that the Company may substitute therefor replacement or substitute policies of at least the same coverage and amounts, with financially sound and responsible insurers, containing terms and conditions that are not materially less advantageous in the aggregate to the Indemnitee. Following the Termination Date, for so long as the Indemnitee may be subject to any possible claim by reason of the Indemnitee's Corporate Status, the Company agrees to use reasonable efforts either (i) to cause to be obtained "tail" insurance policies with coverage terms at least as favorable (including in amount and scope) as the Company's then current policy or policies of directors' and officers' liability insurance and insuring against claims arising from actions taken or omitted by the Indemnitee, or facts or events that occurred, on or before the Termination Date or (ii) to maintain in effect its then current policy or policies of directors' and officers' liability insurance for the benefit of the Indemnitee with respect to claims arising from actions taken or omitted by the Indemnitee, or facts or events that occurred, on or before the Termination Date; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that the Company may substitute therefor replacement or substitute policies of at least the same coverage and amounts, with financially sound and responsible insurers, containing terms and conditions that are not materially less advantageous in the aggregate to the Indemnitee. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, with respect to the obligations of the Company to maintain directors' and officers' liability insurance as set forth in the first and second sentences of this <u>Section 9a)</u>, the Company shall not be obligated to make annual premium payments for any such insurance to the extent such premiums exceed 200% of the premiums currently being paid by the Company for such insurance or reserved pursuant to a self-insurance program and if such premiums for such insurance would at any time exceed 200% of such current premium or reserves, then the Company shall cause to be maintained policies of insurance which, in the good faith determination of the Board, provide the maximum coverage available at an annual premium equal to 200% of such current premium or reserves. If, at the time of the receipt of a notice of a Proceeding pursuant to <u>Section 15</u>, the Company has director and officer liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such Proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies. The Company shall thereafter take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of the Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such Proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies. The provision of directors' and officers' liability insurance as provided in this <u>Section 9(a)</u> shall be in addition to the Company's obligations under <u>Section 2</u> and <u>Section 3</u> and shall not be deemed to be in satisfaction of those obligations.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) In the event of any payment to or on behalf of the Indemnitee under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Except to the extent required by applicable law, the Company shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment to the Indemnitee with respect to amounts otherwise indemnifiable (or for which advancement is otherwise required) if and to the extent that the Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise. Nothing in this Agreement is intended to affect any right of contribution of or against the Company in the event the Company and any other person or persons have co-equal obligations to indemnify or advance expenses to the Indemnitee.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) The Company's obligation to indemnify or advance Expenses under this Agreement to the Indemnitee, in connection with or by reason of the Indemnitee's service at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of Another Enterprise, shall be reduced by any amount that the Indemnitee has actually received as indemnification or advancement of Expenses from such Other Enterprise with respect to the Proceeding for which indemnification or advancement of Expenses is sought.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. <u>Contribution</u>. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, if, in connection with any Proceeding (or part thereof) in respect of which the Indemnitee would otherwise be entitled to indemnification hereunder, the indemnification provided for in this Agreement is unavailable to the Indemnitee for any reason whatsoever, then the Company, in lieu of indemnifying the Indemnitee, shall contribute to the amount that is incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding (or such part thereof) and that would otherwise have been subject to indemnification hereunder, in such proportion as is deemed fair and reasonable in light of all of the circumstances of such Proceeding to reflect (a) the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Indemnitee, on the other hand, as a result of the event(s) and/or transaction(s) giving cause to such Proceeding (or such part thereof); and/or (b) the relative fault of the Company (and its directors, officers, employees and agents), on the one hand, and the Indemnitee, on the other hand, in connection with such event(s) and/or transaction(s).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11. <u>Settlements</u>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement or the Company's Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, the Company shall have no obligation to indemnify the Indemnitee for any amounts paid by or on behalf of the Indemnitee in settlement of any Proceeding, unless the Company has consented in writing to such settlement, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Company shall not settle any claim in any manner that would impose any fine or obligation on the Indemnitee without the Indemnitee's prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12. <u>Survival of Rights, Binding Effect and Successors and Assigns</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The indemnification and advancement of Expenses and other rights provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Agreement shall continue during the period that the Indemnitee is a director or officer of the Company and shall continue through and after the Termination Date so long as the Indemnitee shall, by reason of the Indemnitee's Corporate Status, be subject to any possible Proceeding (including any appeal thereto) with respect to any action taken or omitted (or that is alleged to have been taken or omitted) by the Indemnitee, or any facts or events that occurred (or that are alleged to have occurred), on or before the Termination Date, and shall further continue for such period of time following the conclusion of any such Proceeding as may be reasonably necessary for the Indemnitee to enforce rights and remedies pursuant to this Agreement as provided in <u>Section 7</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) This Agreement shall be binding upon the Indemnitee and upon the Company and its successors and assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of the Indemnitee and the Indemnitee's heirs, personal representatives, executors, administrators and assigns and to the benefit of the Company and its successors and assigns.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) The Company further agrees that in the event the Company or any of its successors or assigns (i) consolidates with or merges into any other corporation or entity and shall not be the continuing or surviving corporation or entity of such consolidation or merger or (ii) transfers or conveys all or substantially all of its properties and assets to any corporation or entity, then, and in each such case, to the extent necessary, proper provision shall be made so that the successors and assigns of the Company as a result of such transaction assume the obligations of the Company set forth in this Agreement, including any requirements with respect to directors' and officers' liability insurance set forth in <u>Section 9</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13. <u>Severability</u>. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement (including each portion of any Section of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall remain enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law; (b) such provision or provisions shall be deemed reformed to the extent necessary to conform to applicable law and to give the maximum effect to the intent of the parties hereto; and (c) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including each portion of any Section of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested thereby.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14. <u>Acknowledgement</u>. The Company expressly acknowledges, confirms and agrees that it has entered into this Agreement and has assumed the obligations imposed on the Company hereby to induce the Indemnitee to serve or continue to serve as a director or officer of the Company, and the Company acknowledges that the Indemnitee is relying upon this Agreement in serving and continuing to serve in such capacity. In addition, both the Company and the Indemnitee acknowledge that in certain instances, federal law or applicable public policy may prohibit the Company from indemnifying its directors, officers, employees, agents or fiduciaries under this Agreement or otherwise. The Indemnitee understands and acknowledges that the Company may be required in the future to undertake with the Securities and Exchange Commission to submit the question of indemnification to a court in certain circumstances for a determination of the Company's rights under public policy to indemnify the Indemnitee.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15. <u>Notice by Indemnitee</u>. The Indemnitee agrees to notify the Company promptly and in writing upon being served with any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, petition, indictment, information or other document relating to the actual or threatened commencement of any Proceeding or matter that may be subject to indemnification or advancement of Expenses covered by this Agreement. The failure of the Indemnitee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of any obligation that it may have to the Indemnitee under this Agreement or otherwise, except to the extent the Company is materially prejudiced by such failure.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16. <u>Notices</u>. All notices, requests, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given (a) if delivered by hand to the party to whom said notice or other communication shall have been directed, on the date so delivered or (b) if mailed by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date on which it is so mailed. All such notices, requests, demands and other communications shall be delivered to the Indemnitee or to the Company, as the case may be, at the following addresses:

If to the Indemnitee, to the address set forth on the signature page this Agreement

If to the Company, to:

Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.

411 Swedeland Road, Suite 23-1080

King of Prussia, PA 19406

Attn: Chief Executive Officer

or to such other address as may have been furnished to the Indemnitee by the Company or to the Company by the Indemnitee, as the case may be, by like notice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17. <u>Counterparts; Execution and Exchange by Electronic Means</u>. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by facsimile, electronic mail (including email, .pdf or other digital copies of signatures) or another form of electronic signature or transmission shall be sufficient to evidence the signatories' intent to sign this Agreement and sufficient to bind the parties to the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18. <u>Interpretation</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) (i) The terms "<u>hereof,</u>" "<u>herein,</u>" "<u>hereby,</u>" "<u>hereto,</u>" and derivative or similar words refer to this entire Agreement, including Exhibits hereto, (ii) any reference herein to a "Section" is to a Section of this Agreement unless otherwise specified, (iii) the terms "<u>include,</u>" "<u>includes,</u>" "<u>including</u>" and words of similar import when used in this Agreement mean "<u>including, without limitation</u>" unless otherwise specified, (iv) the term "<u>any</u>" means "<u>any and all</u>" and (v) the term "<u>or</u>" shall not be exclusive and shall mean "<u>and/or</u>".

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) (i) References to "<u>days</u>" mean calendar days unless Business Days are expressly specified and (ii) references to "<u>written</u>" or "<u>in writing</u>" include in electronic form.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Whenever the context requires, words in the singular shall be held to include the plural and vice versa, and words of one gender shall be held to include the other gender as the context requires.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) References herein to "fines" shall include any excise tax assessed with respect to any employee benefit plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) References herein to a director of Another Enterprise or a director of an Other Enterprise shall include, in the case of any entity that is not managed by a board of directors, such other position, such as manager or trustee or member of the governing body of such entity, that entails responsibility for the management and direction of such entity's affairs, including the general partner of any partnership (general or limited) and the manager or managing member of any limited liability company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) (i) References herein to serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of Another Enterprise shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company that imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its affiliates, other than solely as a participant or beneficiary of such a plan; and (ii) if the Indemnitee has acted in good faith and in a manner the Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan, the Indemnitee shall be deemed to have acted in a manner not opposed to the best interests of the Company for purposes of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19. <u>Entire Agreement</u>. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, oral, written and implied, between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;20. <u>Modification and Waiver</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) No amendment, modification, supplementation or repeal of this Agreement or any provision hereof shall be binding unless executed in writing by both of the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions hereof (whether or not similar) nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) No amendment, modification, supplementation or repeal of this Agreement or any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any rights of the Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by the Indemnitee in or by reason of the Indemnitee's Corporate Status prior to such amendment, modification, supplementation or repeal.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;21. <u>Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction; Service of Process</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) This Agreement and the legal relations among the parties with respect to the matters addressed hereby shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflict of laws rules.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Except with respect to any arbitration commenced by the Indemnitee pursuant to <u>Section 7(a)</u> and except to the extent permitted by <u>Section 2(c)</u> with respect to a determination by a court in which an underlying Proceeding was brought that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification of Expenses notwithstanding an adjudication of liability to the Company, each of the Company and the Indemnitee hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (i) agrees and consents to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware for all purposes in connection with any action, suit or proceeding that arises out of or relates to this Agreement and agrees that any such action instituted under this Agreement shall be brought only in the Delaware Chancery Court (or in any other state court of the State of Delaware if the Delaware Chancery Court does not have subject matter jurisdiction over such action), and not in any other state or federal court in the United States of America or any court or tribunal in any other country; (ii) consents to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware for purposes of any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement; (iii) waives any objection to the laying of venue of any such action or proceeding in the courts of the State of Delaware; and (iv) waives, and agrees not to plead or to make, any claim that any such action or proceeding brought in the courts of the State of Delaware has been brought in an improper or otherwise inconvenient forum.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Each of the Company and the Indemnitee hereby consents to service of any summons and complaint and any other process that may be served in any action, suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement in any court of the State of Delaware by mailing by certified or registered mail, with postage prepaid, copies of such process to such party at its address for receiving notice pursuant to <u>Section 16</u>. Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude service of process by any other means permitted by applicable law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;22. <u>Nature of Agreement</u>. This Agreement shall not be deemed an employment contract between the Company and the Indemnitee, and, if the Indemnitee is an officer or employee of the Company, the Indemnitee specifically acknowledges that the Indemnitee may be discharged as an officer or employee of the Company at any time for any reason, with or without cause, and with or without severance compensation, except as may be otherwise provided in a separate written contract between the Company and the Indemnitee.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;23. <u>Definitions</u>. For purposes of this Agreement:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) "**Another Enterprise**" and "**Other Enterprise**" mean a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other form of enterprise, in each case, other than the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) "**Change in Control**" means, and shall be deemed to have occurred if, (i) any "person" (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act), other than a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company acting in such capacity or a corporation owned directly or indirectly by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of stock of the Company, becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power represented by the Company's then outstanding voting stock, (ii) during any period of two (2) consecutive years (not including any period prior to the execution of this Agreement), individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board and any new director whose election by the Board or nomination for election by the Company's stockholders was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved, cease for any reason to constitute a majority thereof, (iii) the stockholders of the Company approve a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation other than a merger or consolidation that would result in the voting stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting stock of the surviving entity) at least fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power represented by the voting stock of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation or (iv) the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation of the Company or an agreement for the sale or disposition by the Company (in one transaction or a series of related transactions) of all or substantially all of the Company's assets.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) "**Corporate Status**" means (i) the Indemnitee's status as a present or former director or officer of the Company, (ii) the Indemnitee's present or former status, at any time while serving as a director or officer of the Company, as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of Another Enterprise to the extent the Indemnitee is or was serving in such capacity with respect to such Other Enterprise at the request of Company or (iii) the Indemnitee's present or former status as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of Another Enterprise to the extent the Indemnitee served in such capacity with respect to such Other Enterprise while serving as a director or officer of the Company, continued serving in such capacity with respect to such Other Enterprise after ceasing to be a director or officer of the Company, and is or was serving in such capacity with respect to such Other Enterprise at the request of Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) "**Disinterested Director**" means a director of the Company who is not and was not a party to the Proceeding in respect of which indemnification is sought by the Indemnitee.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) "**Expenses**" means any of the following: reasonable attorneys' fees; retainers; disbursements of counsel; court costs; filing fees; transcript costs; fees and expenses of experts; fees and expenses of witnesses; fees and expenses of accountants and other consultants (excluding public relations consultants unless approved in advance by the Company); travel expenses; duplicating and imaging costs; printing and binding costs; telephone charges; facsimile transmission charges; computer legal research costs; postage; delivery service fees; fees and expenses of third-party vendors; and the premium, security for, and other costs associated with any bond (including supersedeas or appeal bonds, injunction bonds, cost bonds, appraisal bonds or their equivalents), in each case incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in, or otherwise participating in a Proceeding (including any judicial or arbitration Proceeding brought to enforce the Indemnitee's rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Agreement), as well as all other "expenses" within the meaning of that term as used in Section 145 of the DGCL and all other disbursements or expenses of types customarily and reasonably incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in or otherwise participating in actions, suits or proceedings similar to or of the same type as the Proceeding with respect to which such disbursements or expenses were incurred; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that "Expenses" shall not include amounts of judgments, penalties or fines actually levied against, or amounts paid in settlement by, the Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) "**Independent Counsel**" means a law firm, or a person admitted to practice law in any State of the United States, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the past three years has been, retained to represent: (i) the Company or the Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party (other than with respect to serving as Independent Counsel (or similar independent legal counsel position) as to matters concerning the rights of the Indemnitee under this Agreement, the rights of other indemnitees under similar indemnification agreements or the rights of the Indemnitee or other indemnitees to indemnification under the Company's Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws) or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, "Independent Counsel" shall not include any law firm or person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or the Indemnitee in an action to determine the Indemnitee's rights under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, "Independent Counsel" also shall not include any law firm or person who represented or advised any entity or person in connection with a Change in Control of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) "**Losses**" means all Expenses, judgments, penalties, fines, liabilities and amounts paid in settlement in connection with a Proceeding.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) "**Proceeding**" means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternative dispute resolution mechanism, investigation (including any internal investigation), inquiry, administrative hearing or other proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or otherwise, and whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) "**Termination Date**" means the date on which the Indemnitee is no longer a director or officer of the Company; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, that if (i) the Indemnitee continues to serve as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of Another Enterprise after the date on which the Indemnitee is no longer a director or officer of the Company, (ii) the Indemnitee is serving in such capacity with respect to such Other Enterprise at the request of the Company and (iii) the Indemnitee served in such capacity with respect to such Other Enterprise while serving as a director or officer of the Company, then "Termination Date" shall mean such later date after the Indemnitee is no longer a director or officer of the Company on which the Indemnitee is no longer serving in such capacity with respect to such Other Enterprise.

***[Signature page follows]***

 ****

 ****

 **

 ****

**IN WITNESS WHEREOF**, the Company and the Indemnitee have executed this Agreement on and as of the day and year first above written.

**COMPANY:**

**PHIO PHARMACEUTICALS CORP.**

By: ___________________________

Name:

Title:

**INDEMNITEE:**

___________________________

[NAME]

Address: **___________________**

**___________________** 

**Schedule of Material Differences to Exhibit 10.2**

The following directors and executive officers are parties to an Indemnification Agreement with the Company, each of which are substantially identical in all material respects to the representative Indemnification Agreement filed herewith as Exhibit 10.2, except as to the name of the signatory and the date of each signatory's Indemnification Agreement. The name of each signatory is listed below. The actual Indemnification Agreements are omitted pursuant to Instruction 2 to Item 601 of Regulation S-K.

**Indemnitee**

Robert Bitterman

Patricia A. Bradford

Robert Ferrara

Jonathan Freeman

Curtis Lockshin, Ph.D.

David H. Deming

Lisa Carson

## Exhibit 10.3

**Exhibit 10.3**

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SEPARATION AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE OF CLAIMS This SEPARATION AND GENERAL RELEASE OF CLAIMS (this "Agreement") is entered into by and between Robert Infarinato ("Employee") and Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"). Employee and the Company are each referred to herein as a "£fil1Y" and collectively as the "Parties." WHEREAS, Employee's employment with the Company will end effective as of July 31 , 2025 (the "Separation Date") ; WHEREAS, the Company wishes to provide Employee with certain severance payments and benefits, which are conditioned upon Employee's execution, delivery, and non - revocation of this Agreement ; and WHEREAS, the Parties wish to resolve any and all claims that Employee has or may have against the Company and the other Company Parties (as defined below), including any claims that Employee has or may have arising from or relating to Employee's employment, or the end of Employee's employment, with any Company Party . NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged by Employee and the Company, the Parties hereby agree as follows : 1. Separation from Employment. (a) Employee's employment with the Company will end effective as of the Separation Date . As of the Separation Date, Employee will no longer be employed by the Company or any other Company Party, and Employee will be deemed to have automatically resigned (i) as an officer of the Company and its affiliates (as applicable) and (ii) from the board of managers, board of directors or similar governing body of each ofthe Company and its affiliates (as applicable) and any other corporation, limited liability company, or other entity in which the Company or any of its affiliates holds an equity interest or with respect to which board or similar governing body Employee serves as the designee or other representative of the Company or any of its affiliates . (b) Employee acknowledges and agrees that, with the exception of any unpaid base salary earned by Employee in the pay period that the Separation Date occurred, and any accrued, unused but unpaid vacation, Employee has been paid in full all bonuses, been provided all benefits, and otherwise received all wages, compensation and other sums that Employee has been owed by each Company Party . Employee further acknowledges and agrees that Employee has received all leaves (paid and unpaid) that Employee has been entitled to receive from each Company Party . (c) Employee shall receive Employee's last paycheck on the Separation Date, which will include all wages owed to Employee through the Separation Date, less applicable taxes and withholdings . 2. (d) Employee acknowledges that Employee's eligibility in the Company's benefits, plans, including group medical, dental and/or vision plans, ceases on the Separation Date in

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accordance wit h the terms and conditions of those plans . Employee may elect to continue Employee's existing benefits under such plans in accordance wit h and subject to the law known as COBRA . Employee will be provided with information regarding COBRA options separately . Separation Payments and Benefits . Provided that Employee : (a) executes this Agreement on the Separation Date or within 2 1 days ofEmployee's receipt of this Agreement and returns a copy of this Agreement that has been executed by Employee to the Company so that it is received by Robert Bitterman, President & CEO, XXXXXXXXXXX . com, 411 Swedeland Road, Suite 23 - 1080 King of Prussia, PA 19406; (b) does not revoke Employee's acceptance ofthis Agreement pursuant to Section 8 ; and (c) remains in compliance with the other terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement (including under Section 5) (the "Conditions"), Employee shall receive the following consideration (collectively, the "Severance Benefits") : (a) The Company shall pay Employee 12 - weeks of base salary, which amounts to ($60 , 000) (the "Severance Payment"), and which shall be paid as a lwnp swn on the first regularly scheduled payroll date following the Effective Date (defined in Section 8), in accordance with the Company's norm a l payroll practices ; (b) The Company shall pay Employee $40 , 000 , which shall be paid as a lump swn on the first regularly scheduled payroll date following the Effective Date (defined in Section 8) ; and (c) All outstanding equity - based awards granted to Employee prior to the Separation Date (which amounts to 11 , 000 Restricted Stock Units) shall continue to vest in accordance with the vesting terms ofthe respective grants . 3. Release of Liabilit y for Claims. (a) For good and valuable consideration, including the consideration set forth in Section 2 (and any portion thereof), Employee hereby forever releases, discharges and acquits the Company and its affiliates, predecessors, successors, subsidiaries and benefit plans, and each of the foregoing entities' respective equity - holders, officers, directors, managers, members, partners, employees, agents, representatives, and other affiliated persons, and the Company's and its affiliates' benefit plans (and the fiduciaries and trustees ofsuch plans) (collectively, the "Company Parties"), from liability for, and Employee hereby waives, any and all claims, dam ag es, or causes of action of any kind related to Employee's ownership of any interest in any Company Party, Employee's employment with any Company Party, the termination of such employment, and any other acts or omissions related to any matter occurring on or prior to the date that Employee executes this Agreement, including : (i) any alleged violation through such time of : any federal, state or local anti - discrimination or anti - retaliation law, regulation or ordinance, including but not limited to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (including as amended by the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act), Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , the Civil Rights Act of 1991 , Sections 1981 through 1988 of Title 42 of the United States Code, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 , as amended, the Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, the anti - retaliation provisions of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act, or any other 2

![](image_088.jpg)

3 federal or state law regarding whistleblower retaliation ; the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act, the Philadelphia Fair Practices Ordinance ; the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA") ; WARN Act ; the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ; the Fair Credit Reporting Act ; the Employee Polygraph Protection Act ; the Pennsylvania Whistleblower Act ; the Immigration Reform Control Act ; the National Labor Relations Act ; the Occupational Safety and Health Act ; the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 ; any federal, state or local wage and hour law ; any other local, state or federal law, regulation or ordinance ; or any public policy, contract, tort, or common law claim ; (ii) any allegation for costs, fees, or other expenses including attorneys' fees incurred in or with respect to a Released Claim ; (iii) any and all rights, benefits or claims Employee may have under any employment contract (including this Agreement), severance plan, incentive compensation plan or equity - based plan with any Company Party or to any ownership interest in any Company Party ; and (iv) any claim for compensation or benefits of any kind not expressly set forth in this Agreement (collectively, the "Released Claims") . 1 bis Agreement is not intended to indicate that any such claims exist or that, if they do exist, they are meritorious . Rather, Employee is simply agreeing that, in exchange for any consideration received by Employee pursuant to Section 2 , any and all potential claims of this nature that Employee may have against the Company Parties, regardless of whether they actually exist, are expressly settled, compromised and waived . TIDS RELEASE INCLUDES MATTERS ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE SOLE OR PARTIAL NEGLIGENCE (WHETHER GROSS OR SIMPLE) OR OTHER FAULT, INCLUDING STRICT LIABILITY, OF ANY OF THE COMPANY PARTIES . (b) For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Agreement releases Employee's rights to receive payment s or benefits pursuan t to Section 2 . Further, in no even t shall the Released Claim s includ e (i) any clai m that arises after the date that Employee signs this Agreement ; (ii) any clai m to vested benefit s under an employee benefit plan that is subject to ERISA ; and (iii) any claim for breach of, or otherwise arising out of, this Agreement . Further notwithstanding this releas e of liability, nothing in this Agreement prevent s Employee from filing any non - legally waivable clai m (including a challeng e to the validity of this Agreement) with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC"), National Labor Relation s Board, United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Securitie s Exchange Commission, Financia l Industry Regulatory Authority or comparable state or local agency or authority (each, a "Government Agency") . Further, nothing in this Agreement prohibit s or restricts Employee from participating in (or cooperating with) any investigation or proceeding conducted by a Governmen t Agency or from cooperating in any such investigation or proceeding ; however, Employee understand s and agrees tha t Employe e is waiving any and all rights to recover any monetary or personal relief from a Company Party a s a resul t of such EEOC or comparable state or local agency or proceeding or subsequen t lega l actions . This Agreement does not limit Employee's right to receive an award for information provided to a Governmen t Agency .

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4 4 . Representations and Warranties Regarding Claims . Employee represents and warrants that, as of the time at which Employee signs this Agreement, Employee has not filed or joined any claims, complaints, charges, or lawsuits against any of the Company Parties with any governmental agency or with any state or federal court or arbitrator for, or with respect to, a matter, claim, or incident that occurred or arose out of one or more occurrences that took place on or prior to the time at which Employee signs this Agreement . Employee further represents and warrants that Employee has not made any assignment, sale, delivery, transfer or conveyance of any rights Employee has asserted or may have against any of the Company Parties with respect to any Released Claim . s. Affirmation of Restrictive Covenants ; Non - Disparagement . (a) Employee acknowledges and agrees that Employee has continuing obligations to the Company pursuant to the Employee Agreement between Employee and the Company dated July 16 , 2024 (the "Restrictive Covenant Agreement") . In entering into this Agreement, Employee acknowledges the validity, binding effect and enforceability of the terms of the Restrictive Covenant Agreement and expressly reaffirms Employee's commitment to abide by the Restrictive Covenant Agreement . Employee shall refrain from publishing any oral or written statements about the Company and any Company Party that (i) are slanderous, libelous or defamatory, (ii) disclose confidential information of or regarding any Company Party's business affairs, directors, officers, managers, members, employees, consultants, agents or representatives, or (iii) place the Company, any Company Party or any of their respective directors, officers, managers, members, employees, consultants, agents or representatives in a false light before the public . (b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein or in the Restrictive Covenant Agreement or any other agreements between the Company and Employee will prohibit or restrict Employee from lawfully : (i) initiating communications directly with, cooperating with, providing information to, causing information to be provided to, or otherwise assisting in an investigation by, any governmental authority regarding a possible violation of any law ; (ii) responding to any inquiry or legal process directed to Employee from any such governmental authority ; (iii) testifying, participating or otherwise assisting in any action or proceeding by any such governmental authority relating to a possible violation oflaw ; or (iv) making any other disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of any applicable law . Additionally, pursuant to the federal Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016 , an individual shall not be held criminally or civilly liable under any federal or state trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that : (A) is made (1) in confidence to a federal, state or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney and (2) solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law ; (B) is made to the individual's attorney in relation to a lawsuit for retaliation against the individual for reporting a suspected violation of law ; or (C) is made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or proceeding, if such filing is made under seal . 6. Covenant to Cooperate in Legal Proceedings . (a) Employee agrees to cooperate in good faith with and provide reasonable assistance to the Company, upon its reasonable request, with respect to the defense or prosecution of any litigation, investigation or other legal proceeding involving the Company or any of its affiliates .

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For such cooperation should the need arise, employee will be compensated at a fair and reasonable rate on a per diem basis, or fractional portion thereof, to be determined at such time. 7. Employee's Acknowledgements . By executing and delivering this Agreement, Employee expressly acknowledges that : (a) Employee has been given at least 21 days to review and consider this Agreement (the "Consideration Period") . If Employee si gns this Agreement before the expiration of 21 days after Employee's receipt of this Agreement, Employee has knowingly and voluntarily waived any longer consideration period than the one provided to Employee . No changes (whether material or immaterial) to this Agreement shall restart the running of the Consideration Period . (b) Employee is receiving, pursuant to this Agreement, consideration in addition to anything ofvalue to which Employee is already entitled ; (c) Employee has been advised, and hereby is advised in writing, to discuss this Agreement with an attorney of Employee's choice and that Employee has had an adequate opportunity to do so prior to executing this Agreement ; (d) Employee fully understands the final and binding effect ofthis Agreement ; the only promises made to Employee to sign this Agreement are those stated herein ; and Employee is signing this Agreement knowingly, voluntarily and of Employee's own free will, and that Employee understands and agrees to each of the terms of this Agreement ; (e) The only matters relied upon by Employee in causing Employee to sign this Agreement are the provisions set forth in writing within the four comers of this Agreement ; and (f) No Company Party has provided any tax or legal advice regarding this Agreement, and Employee has had an adequate opportunity to receive sufficient tax and legal advice from advisors of Employee's own choosing such that Employee enters into this Agreement with full understanding of the tax and legal implications thereof. 8. Revocation Right ; Effective Date . Notwithstanding the initial effectiveness of this Agreement, Employee may revoke the delivery (and therefore the effectiveness) ofthis Agreement within the seven - day p e io d r beginning on the date Employee executes this Agreement (such seven day period being referred to herein as the "Release Revocation Period") . To be effective, such revocation must be in writing signed by Employee and must be delivered by email, personally or by courier to the Company so that it is received by Robert Bitterman, President & CEO, 411 Swedeland Road, Suite 23 - 1080 King of Prussia, PA 19406 (email : XXXXXXXXXXX . com) no later than 11 : 59 pm ET on the last day of the Release Revocation Period . If an effective revocation is delivered in the foregoing manner and timefr am e, the release of claims set forth in Section 3 will be of no force or effect, Employee will not receive any of the Severance Benefits set forth in Section 2 , and the remainder of this Agreement will remain in full force and effect . This Agreement shall become effective on the first calendar day following the expiration of the Release Revocation Period (the "Effective Date") . For the avoidance of doubt (i) if Employee does not execute this Agreement within the Consideration Period, this Agreement shall be deemed null and void. 5

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6 9. Governing Law . This Agreement is entered into under, and shall be governed for all purposes by, the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania with regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof . 10. Countemarts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts (including portable document format (. pdf) and facsimile counterparts), each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same Agreement . 11. Amendment ; Entire Agreement . This Agreement may not be changed orally but only by an agreement in writing agreed to and signed by the Party to be charged . This Agreement and the Restrictive Covenant Agreement constitute the entire agreement of the Parties with regard to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings, oral or written, between Employee and any Company Party with regard to the subject matter hereof . 12. Third - Party Beneficiaries . Employee expressly acknowledges and agrees that each Company Party that is not a party to this Agreement shall be a third - party beneficiary of Sections J . , ೦ . . Q, 12 and 14 and entitled to enforce such provisions as if it were a party hereto . 13. Further Assurances . Employee shall, and shall cause Employee's affiliates, representatives and agents to, from time to time at the request of the Company and without any additional consideration, furnish the Company with such further information or assurances, execute and deliver such additional documents, instruments and conveyances, and take such other actions and do such other things, as may be reasonably necessary or desirable, as determined in the sole discretion of the Company, to carry out the provisions of this Agreement . 14. Return of Property . Employee represents and warrants that, except as previously approved by the Company, Employee will return to the Company no later than the end of the Consideration Period all property belonging to the Company or any other Company Party, including all computer files, electronically stored information, computers and other materials and items provided to Employee by the Company or any other Company Party in the course of Employee's employment at such time when the obligations of his severance have concluded . Employee further represents and warrants that Employee will not have maintained copies of any such materials or items in any form after that obligation has concluded . 15. Severability . Any term or provision of this Agreement (or part thereof) that renders such term or provision (or part thereof) or any other term or provision (or part thereof) hereof invalid or unenforceable in any respect shall be severable and shall be modified or severed to the extent necessary to avoid rendering such term or provision (or part thereof) invalid or unenforceable, and such modification or severance shall be accomplished in the manner that most nearly preserves the benefit of the Parties' bargain hereunder . 16. Absence of Reliance ; Non - Admission . In signing this Agreement, Employee is not relying upon any promises or representations made by anyone at or on behalf of the Company . By entering into this Agreement, Employee understands that the Company is not admitting in any way that it violated any legal obligation that it owed to Employee .

![](image_092.jpg)

7 17. Interpretation . The Section headings have been inserted for purposes of convenience and shall not be used for interpretive purposes . The words "hereof," "herein" and "hereunder" and other compounds of the word "here" shall refer to the entire Agreement and not to any particular provision hereof . The use herein of the word "including" following any general statement, term or matter shall not be construed to limit such statement, term or matter to the specific items or matters set forth immediately following such word or to similar items or matters, whether or not non limiting language (such as "without limitation", "but not limited to", or words of similar import) is used with reference thereto, but rather shall be deemed to refer to all other items or matters that could reasonably fall within the broadest possible scope of such general statement, term or matter . The word "or" as used herein is not exclusive and is deemed to have the meaning "and/or . " Unless the context requires otherwise, all references herein to a law, agreement, instrument or other document shall be deemed to refer to such law, agreement, instrument or other document as amended, supplemented, modified and restated from time to time to the extent permitted by the provisions thereof . Neither this Agreement nor any uncertainty or ambiguity herein shall be construed against any Party, whether under any rule of construction or otherwise . This Agreement has been reviewed by each of the Parties and shall be construed and interpreted according to the ordinary meaning of the words used so as to fairly accomplish the purposes and intentions of the Parties . 18. Withholdings ; Deductions . The Company may withhold and deduct from any payments or benefits made or to be made pursuant to this Agreement (a) all federal, state, local and other taxes as may be required pursuant to any law or governmental regulation or ruling and (b) any deductions consented to in writing by Employee . 19. Section 409 A . This Agreement and the benefits provided hereunder are intended be exempt from, or compliant with, the requirements of Section 409 A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the Treasury regulations and other guidance issued thereunder (collectively, "Section 409 A") and shall be construed and administered in accordance with such intent . Each installment payment under this Agreement shall be deemed and treated as a separate payment for purposes of Section 409 A . Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company makes no representations that the benefits provided under this Agreement are exempt from the requirements of Section 409 A and in no event shall the Company or any other Company Party be liable for all or any portion of any taxes, penalties, interest or other expenses that may be incurred by Employee on account of non compliance with Section 409 A .

![](image_093.jpg)

Date:. g:: ..._ , - ;.. 1i ___, 0 , ,__ I

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1** 

**CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO** 

**SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)**

**AS ADOPTED** 

**PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Robert J. Bitterman, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting.

Dated: August 14, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Robert J. Bitterman |
| Robert J. Bitterman |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO** 

**SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)**

**AS ADOPTED** 

**PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Lisa Carson, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal controls over financial reporting.

Dated: August 14, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Lisa Carson |
| Lisa Carson |
| Vice President, Finance & Administration |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350**

**AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned officers of the Company certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to their knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

Dated: August 14, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Robert J. Bitterman |
| Robert J. Bitterman |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

Dated: August 14, 2025

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Lisa Carson |
| Lisa Carson |
| Vice President, Finance & Administration |
| (Principal Financial Officer) |

---