# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001558569
**File Stem:** 0001213900-25-059036
**Filing Date:** 2025-6
**Character Count:** 153768
**Document Hash:** bfae694bdb6fb0a200ebdb52f4706975
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001213900-25-059036.hdr.sgml**: 20250627

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001213900-25-059036

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: S-1/A

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 7

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250627

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250627

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** iSpecimen Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001558569
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SERVICES-COMMERCIAL PHYSICAL & BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH [8731]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 08 Industrial Applications and Services
- **EIN:** 270480143
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** S-1/A
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-286958
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251086852

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 8 CABOT ROAD
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 1800
- **CITY:** WOBURN
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 08101
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 781-301-6700

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 8 CABOT ROAD
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 1800
- **CITY:** WOBURN
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 08101

**As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 27, 2025.**

**Registration No. 333-286958**

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM S-1/A**

 **Amendment No. 3**

**REGISTRATION STATEMENT**

**UNDER**

**THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933**

 ****

 ****

**iSpecimen Inc.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **8731** | **27-0480143** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of<br> incorporation or organization) | (Primary Standard Industrial <br> Classification Code Number) | (I.R.S. Employer<br> Identification Number) |

---

**8 Cabot Road, Suite 1800**

**Woburn, MA 01801**

**(781) 301-6700**

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)

**Robert Bradley Lim**

**Yuying Liang**

**8 Cabot Road, Suite 1800**

**Woburn, MA 01801**

**(781) 301-6700**

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

***Copies to:***

 ****

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Ross D. Carmel, Esq.** | **Joseph M. Lucosky, Esq.** |
| **Barry P. Biggar, Esq.** | **Steven A. Lipstein, Esq.** |
| **Benjamin E. Sklar, Esq.** | **Lucosky Brookman LLP** |
| **Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP** | **101 Wood Ave South** |
| **1185 Avenue of the Americas** | **Woodbridge, NJ 08830** |
| **New York, New York 10036** | **(732) 395-4400** |
| **(212) 930-9700** |  |

---

 ****

 ****

**Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public:**

**As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement is declared effective.**

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ <br> Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ <br> Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

**The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.**

**The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.**

***PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS, SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JUNE 27, 2025***

 ****

**UP TO___________ SHARES OF COMMON STOCK**

**PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS TO PURCHASE UP TO___________ SHARES OF**

**COMMON STOCK**

**UP TO___________ SHARES OF COMMON STOCK ISSUABLE UPON THE**

**EXERCISE OF THE PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS**

 ****

![](image_001.jpg)

**iSpecimen Inc.**

We are offering on an underwritten basis up to ___________ shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Shares"), at an assumed public offering price of $_____ per share, which was the reported closing price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq"), on ________June, 2025.

We are also offering to each purchaser of Shares that would otherwise result in the purchaser's beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering the opportunity to purchase one Pre-Funded Warrant (in lieu of one share of common stock) (each a "Pre-Funded Warrant"). A holder of Pre-Funded Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Pre-Funded Warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, such limit may be increased to up to 9.99%) of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. Each Pre-Funded Warrant will be exercisable for one share of common stock. The purchase price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will be equal to the price per Share, minus $0.0001, and the remaining exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will equal $0.0001 per share. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable (subject to the beneficial ownership cap) and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. For each Pre-Funded Warrant we sell (without regard to any limitation on exercise set forth therein), the number of Shares we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.

We are registering the Shares and the shares of common stock issuable from time to time upon the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants hereby.

Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol "ISPC". On June ____, 2025, the reported closing price of our common stock was $____ per share. There is no established public trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants. We do not intend to apply for listing of the Pre-Funded Warrants on any securities exchange or recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be limited.

The public offering price for the Shares in this offering will be determined at the time of pricing and may be at a discount to the then current market price. Therefore, the assumed public offering price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the final offering price. The final public offering price will be determined through negotiation between us and the investors based upon a number of factors, including our history and our prospects, the industry in which we operate, our past and present operating results, the previous experience of our executive officers and the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering.

The Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants, if any, will be offered at a fixed price and are expected to be issued in a single closing. We expect this offering to be completed not later than two business days following the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part (the "Registration Statement"), and we will deliver all securities to be issued in connection with this offering delivery versus payment/receipt versus payment upon receipt of investor funds received by us.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Per Share<br> of Common<br> Stock** | **Per<br> Pre-Funded<br> Warrant** | **Total** |
| Price to the public | $| $| $|
| Underwriting discounts and commissions<sup>(1)</sup> | $| $| $|
| Proceeds to us before expenses | $| $| $|

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) In connection
 with this offering, we have agreed to pay to WestPark Capital, Inc. (the "underwriters") a cash fee. We have also agreed
 to reimburse the underwriters for legal fees and expenses related to the offering in an amount up to $75,000 and other non-accountable
 out-of-pocket expenses in connection with its engagement as underwriter, in an amount up to $35,000. We refer you to "Underwriting"
 beginning on page 14 for additional information regarding underwriters' compensation.

The offering is being underwritten on a firm commitment basis.

The underwriters expect to deliver the securities to purchasers on or about , 2025.

**Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

***Sole Book-Runner***

**WestPark Capital, Inc.**

**The date of this prospectus is , 2025**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page** |
| [ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS](#a_014) | ii |
| [SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS](#n_001) | iii |
| [PROSPECTUS SUMMARY](#a_015) | 1 |
| [THE OFFERING](#a_016) | 10 |
| [USE OF PROCEEDS](#a_020) | 12 |
| [DILUTION](#n_003) | 12 |
| [UNDERWRITING](#a_024) | 14 |
| [INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE](#a_002) | 23 |
| [LEGAL MATTERS](#a_026) | 23 |
| [EXPERTS](#a_027) | 23 |
| [WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION](#a_028) | 23 |

---

**You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We and the underwriter(s) have not authorized anyone to provide you with any information other than that contained in this prospectus, and neither we, nor the underwriter(s) take responsibility for any other information others may give you. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, common stock and pre-funded warrants only in jurisdictions where such offers and sales are permitted.**

i

**ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS**

Neither we nor the underwriter have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you and which we have filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the common stock and Pre-Funded Warrants shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted or where the person making the offer or sale is not qualified to do so or to any person to whom it is not permitted to make such offer or sale. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date on the front cover of the prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

**Market and Industry Data**. This prospectus contains estimates and other statistical data made by independent parties relating to our industry and the markets in which we operate, including estimates and statistical data about our market position, market opportunity, and other industry data. These data, to the extent they contain estimates or projections, involve a number of assumptions and limitations and are inherently imprecise, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates or projections. Based on our industry experience, we believe that such data is reliable, the conclusions contained in the publications and reports are reasonable and the third-party information included in this prospectus and in our estimates is accurate and complete.

**For investors outside the United States:** Neither we nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus or any free writing prospectus we may provide to you in connection with this offering in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus and any such free writing prospectus outside the United States.

"iSpecimen," "ISPC," "we," "us," "our," "our company," "Company" and "our business" refer to iSpecimen.

ii

**SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in any forward-looking statement. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this prospectus, and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. You should consult all of the information set forth in this prospectus and the other information set forth from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including our reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K.

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as "may," "will," "expect," "anticipate," "aim," "estimate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "is/are likely to," "potential," "continue" or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:

● our ability to enter into contracts with healthcare providers to gain access to specimens, subjects, and data on favorable terms;

● our ability to obtain new customers and keep existing customers;

● development of our technology to adequately keep pace to support expansion of our existing line of business or our entry into new lines of businesses;

● market adoption rate of our marketplace technology;

● our ability to continue to expand outside of the United States in compliance with local laws and regulations;

● acceptance of the products and services that we market;

● the viability of our current intellectual property;

● government regulations and our ability to comply with government regulations;

● our ability to retain key employees;

● adverse changes in general market conditions for biospecimens;

● our ability to generate cash flow and profitability and continue as a going concern;

● our future financing plans; and

● our ability to adapt to changes in market conditions which could impair our operations and financial performance.

These forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results of operations or the results of other matters that we anticipate could be materially different from our expectations. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, which are, in some cases, beyond our control and which could materially affect results.

iii

**PROSPECTUS SUMMARY**

 

*This summary highlights, and is qualified in its entirety by, the more detailed information and financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information that may be important to you in making your investment decision. You should read this entire prospectus carefully before making an investment decision.*

 

*Unless otherwise noted, the share and per share information in this prospectus reflects a reverse stock split of the outstanding common stock of the Company at a ratio of 1-for-20, which was effected on September 13, 2024.*

 

**Our Mission, Vision, and Core Values**

iSpecimen's mission is to accelerate life science research, discovery and development with a global marketplace platform that connects researchers to subjects, specimens, and associated data. Our vision is to create an "Amazon-like" global Marketplace of patients, biospecimens, and data for research to improve the quality of human life. We implement employee programs that foster a company culture predicated on the core values of corporate and individual growth, results and accountability, team before self; a can-do positive attitude, and the perseverance to succeed.

**Overview**

iSpecimen is a technology-driven company founded to address a critical challenge: how to connect life science researchers who need human biofluids, tissues, and living cells ("biospecimens") for their research, with the billions of biospecimens available (but not easily accessible) in healthcare provider organizations worldwide. Our ground-breaking iSpecimen Marketplace platform was designed to solve this problem and transform the biospecimen procurement process to accelerate medical discovery.

The iSpecimen Marketplace brings new capabilities to a highly fragmented and inefficient biospecimen procurement market. Our technology consolidates the biospecimen buying experience in a single, online marketplace that brings together healthcare providers who have biospecimens and researchers across industry, academia, and government institutions who need them. We are seeking to transform the world of biospecimen procurement much like the way travel websites changed the consumer buying process for flights, hotels, and rental cars.

**The iSpecimen Marketplace Solution**

The iSpecimen Marketplace offers single-source access to millions of human biospecimens and patients across a diverse network of specimen providers quickly and compliantly, saving researchers time and money in their specimen procurement process while making it easier and more efficient for providers to get their specimens in the hands of researchers who need them. Our iSpecimen Marketplace technology makes it as easy to find specimens for research as it is to find flights on a travel website. We have adopted many of the same ease-of-use characteristics of these business-to-consumer, or B2C, marketplaces, from simple guided searches to the ability to refine search criteria with sliders and checkboxes, to the ability to add chosen items to a cart in order to purchase them, to online order management. Our two-sided marketplace platform makes it easy for researchers and healthcare providers to connect and transact, introducing efficiencies into what is otherwise a very time- consuming and manual process.

Our iSpecimen Marketplace technology is groundbreaking in the human biospecimen procurement space. In a world where there are thousands of biospecimen providers who typically rely upon e-mail and spreadsheets to communicate with customers to manage the bioprocurement process, our iSpecimen Marketplace offers a more efficient user experience to life science researchers who are looking for better ways to access research subjects, specimens, and data, and to healthcare provider organizations, who are looking to realize their missions of supporting research while augmenting their bottom line.

**Planned Developments of our Marketplace**

While the iSpecimen Marketplace currently supports our business model of providing access to search, find, and acquire human biospecimens and associated data from "inquiry to invoice" and positions us for future expanded business model exploration, there are a number of areas in which the iSpecimen Marketplace functionality could be enhanced to better support our stakeholders, including our prospects and customers, iSpecimen sales and operations staff, and our supply partners. We believe with additional investment in technology development resources, we could make significant progress in scaling our iSpecimen Marketplace and, in addition to increased patient and specimen data integration, we expect to continue to improve the matchmaking across the platform and have capabilities such as more direct support for our prospective collections, deeper search and workflow capabilities, increased automation, and direct pricing availability in the platform.

As investment allows, we plan to continue to better connect healthcare researchers with our network of suppliers to enable the acquisition of human biospecimens and data to help accelerate research and expand the impact of our iSpecimen Marketplace platform from "inquiry to invoice" through the following key approaches:

● *Enhance the customer experience*. By working with our prospects and customers to understand their needs, we strive to provide a platform that more easily enables them to specify and find human biospecimens and data that meet the requirements of their research.

● *Increase our supplier engagement*. By continuing to engage with our supply partners to deliver solutions that make their interactions with us more fulfilling, we become more seamlessly integrated into their workflows and daily operations.

● *Improve operational efficiency*. By measuring the results of our operational workflows, we endeavor to reduce the friction and manual efforts in our processes and systems.

We continue to prioritize and release updated versions of the iSpecimen Marketplace platform in alignment with these areas and believe that continuing to focus on these approaches will enable us to scale our business model more effectively. As part of this continued platform evolution, iSpecimen continues to explore adjacencies that leverage the platform including a data as a product model.

**Our Technology**

**Technology Components**

The iSpecimen Marketplace technology is comprised of four major functional areas: search; workflow; data; and administrative, compliance and reporting. We continue to invest in the evolution of these areas to improve customer and supplier engagement with the platform; provide operational efficiencies for our suppliers, our customers, and our internal operations; and increase the liquidity of products and services obtained through the platform. Our core business objective is to retain and grow both researcher and supplier usage of our platform to support biospecimen procurement, as well as to position our Company to explore other adjacent business opportunities that can benefit from the use of the iSpecimen Marketplace.

● *Search*. The primary purpose of the iSpecimen Marketplace is to matchmake between those with access to subjects, specimens, and data, and those with a need for them to power their research. By entering subject and sample selection requests through the iSpecimen Marketplace, researchers can instantly search across the available medical records of large populations within iSpecimen's healthcare provider network to create customized patient and specimen cohorts. Researchers can specify their criteria and either refine and review results to select specific specimens instantly, or they can request that iSpecimen find patients, specimens, and associated data to satisfy their needs when specimens do not currently exist in our network. Using our own proprietary algorithms, we enable researchers to explore both biospecimens that are currently available and view projections of those that are likely to become available in the future based on historic statistical analysis of data. This allows researchers to quickly and easily determine how we can fulfill their requirements, which is especially useful for project planning and budgeting.

● *Workflow.* Our workflow engine supports the unique bioprocurement workflows of our suppliers, customers, and internal iSpecimen operations users. For our suppliers, our ability to easily integrate into their environments and automate key parts of their bioprocurement workflow enables us to maintain a level of engagement and responsiveness necessary to successfully deliver on specimen requests from our research customers. We make it easy for suppliers to list their specimens in our iSpecimen Marketplace by receiving their data in the most commonly used data transmission formats for healthcare data, such as HL7 feeds (a healthcare data interchange standard), JSON files (a standard data interchange format), and CSV files (a comma separated values file used for tabular data), and then by harmonizing this data into standard terminology sets that allows their specimens to be searchable by our research customers. We provide these onboarding services at no charge to our supply partners. Additionally, our iSpecimen Marketplace technology enables suppliers to track and manage all of their specimen requests from feasibility assessment through the ordering and fulfillment process in a single web application, thereby streamlining their bioprocurement workflow. Because the work that we do with our suppliers is often a secondary concern to their primary mission of providing patient care, we believe that seamlessly integrating into their workflow is critical to its use and ongoing success.

● *Data.* We power search and orchestrate the procurement workflow through our ability to acquire, ingest, generate, and use big data from our healthcare provider partners. Working with a global, centralized set of healthcare providers, we receive this data in a variety of different formats and quality levels. We de-identify, normalize, and harmonize our supplier network's data for usage in our iSpecimen Marketplace, ensuring the highest level of patient privacy and compliance with HIPAA and other applicable regulations that govern the research use of patient specimens and data.

● *Administrative, Compliance, and Reporting.* Administrative, compliance, and reporting functions are critical components to enable users to properly evaluate and manage the bioprocurement process. Our administrative capabilities include functions such as user management to assign users and roles and password management to ensure passwords are updated regularly, among other capabilities. Compliance management includes manual and technology-based processes that allow iSpecimen to track and manage unique regulatory and legal requirements across customers and suppliers (such as consent requirements versus consents granted, required specimen and data uses versus allowable specimen and data uses, resale or distribution requirements versus resale or distribution rights) to make sure that customer requirements and supplier requirements match before transferring specimens and data. Additionally, we conduct regular audits of supply sites capabilities and confirm that supply sites have Institutional Review Board (or equivalent) protocols in place where required by law. Our reporting tools turn operational data into useful information by enabling users to view operational data in tables and other visualizations. Together, they help manage and streamline administrative, compliance, and operational functions.

**Technology Development**

The iSpecimen Marketplace software was developed over ten years with more than 80 staff years invested in research, development, implementation, maintenance and support. It comprises an orchestration of software as a service, or SaaS, solutions, commercial and open-source components, and custom developed software deployed in the cloud on a third-party hosting platform built and maintained through a combination of full- time staff and outsourced partners. The team uses agile practices to develop and improve the platform. We continue to enhance and improve the performance, functionality, and reliability of the iSpecimen Marketplace platform based on a user-informed roadmap that is actively updated based on internal and external feedback aligned with our goals.

The iSpecimen Marketplace relies on third parties for certain technology to support development, delivery, and operations of the platform including product management, software development, cloud hosting, data processing, content mapping, and security services. iSpecimen uses software (including source code) and other materials that are distributed under a "free," "open source," or similar licensing model, including software distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, The MIT License, Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL-2.0), GNU General Public License version 2, GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1, Eclipse Public License 1.0 (EPL-1.0), Common Development and Distribution License 1.0. In addition, iSpecimen uses software and services from commercial providers. We do not believe any of them are not generally commercially available to us from other parties. iSpecimen does not have any technology licensing contracts signed within the last two years upon which our business is substantially dependent. We continue to evaluate partners whose capabilities can help us deliver our iSpecimen Marketplace solution in areas such as functionality, efficiency, and security and expect to continue to leverage and consider additional third-party capabilities in our ongoing Marketplace development.

**Our Competitive Advantages**

When successfully implemented, online marketplaces are a highly efficient supply chain that offer many advantages to both suppliers and customers, including lower costs, reduced procurement timeframes, increased revenue (for suppliers), increased access to a large and growing supply network (for customers), and reduced risks. While our iSpecimen Marketplace is providing these benefits now, we believe they will become even more apparent when the iSpecimen Marketplace achieves greater capabilities and scale as additional investment is made into the platform.

**Our Products and Services**

The iSpecimen Marketplace currently supports the supply chain management and bioprocurement process for specimens and associated data. We derive our revenue by procuring specimens from our healthcare provider network and then distributing these annotated biospecimens to our research client base. Revenue flows from the researchers who pay our Company to provide the specimens and we share that revenue back with the healthcare providers who supplied them. Revenue share back to the supplying organization is generally 20% to 50%, depending upon the sample type, collection requirements, and data provided. We are flexible and allow our suppliers to work with us using a number of revenue share constructs, including a fixed percent revenue share arrangement (whereby we share a fixed percentage of the revenue back with them), a fixed pricing schedule (whereby they set their pricing per specimen type), or on a project-based pricing (whereby the supply site sets fees on a per project basis). We have derived substantially all of our revenue from annotated biospecimen procurement and to date, have not charged our customers or suppliers fees for the use of the iSpecimen Marketplace platform, or for marketing, sales, contracting, or compliance functions that we provide as part of the specimen procurement process.

We generally operate in a "just in time" fashion, meaning we procure specimens from our suppliers and distribute specimens to our customers after we obtain an order for specimens from a research client. Generally, we do not speculatively purchase and bank samples in anticipation of future, unspecified needs. We believe our approach offers many advantages over a more traditional inventory-based supplier business model where biorepositories take inventory risks, and where turnover and cash conversion cycles can be lengthy, depending on market demand for certain specimen types.

Currently, we provide access to the following types of human biospecimens from healthy and diseased-state subjects:

● Biofluids — such as whole blood, plasma, serum, urine, saliva, sputum, nasopharyngeal material, and cerebral spinal fluid;

● Solid tissue — such as fresh, fixed, and cryopreserved tissue; and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks, slides, and curls; and

● Hematopoietic stem and immune cells — such as bone marrow, cord blood, whole blood, or sub- components of these tissues such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (including normal or mobilized leukapheresis collections) and other isolated cell types (CD34+,T cells, NK cells, B cells, and monocytes).

For each of the biospecimen types, we offer:

● Remnant specimens — specimens collected originally for clinical testing purposes but are no longer needed for clinical care of that patient. These samples typically are sourced from clinical laboratories and pathology laboratories prior to their disposal; and

● Research use only specimens — specimens collected specifically for research via a direct intervention with a research subject, under a protocol that has been reviewed and approved by an ethics committee such as an Institutional Review Board ("IRB") and with such research subject's consent. These samples are typically sourced at healthcare providers or commercial partners that are a part of our supply network.

The cross product of all these categories (i.e., remnant or research use only and biofluids, tissues, or hematopoietic stem or immune cells) describes the product types we use to track and manage the business. These groupings include:

● Remnant biofluids — These leftover clinical samples are procured from our clinical lab partners and are typically available days after specimen collection. They are generally priced to the researcher per specimen, depending upon specimen type, rarity, and requested data. These specimens contributed to approximately 13% of our revenue in 2023 and 13% of our revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, respectively.

● Remnant tissue — These leftover anatomic pathology samples are procured from our pathology lab partners and typically are available years after they were first collected for clinical care. They are generally priced depending upon specimen type, rarity, and requested data.

● Remnant hematopoietic stem and immune cells — Remnant hematopoietic stem and immune cells includes bone marrow, cord blood, whole blood, or their viable cellular components, that are left over from a clinical testing process. These samples may be obtained from clinical and anatomic pathology labs.

● Next generation sequenced ("NGS") tissues — NGS tissues include various cancer types that have been fully DNA/RNA sequenced to identify specific biomarkers of interest. The tissues screened are tumor only FFPE specimens. Results are analyzed and paired with clinical annotation to create a robust data package that has some utility even without the need for the specimen itself. Tissues used for the program are a combination of remnant waiver of consent tissue blocks along with RUO fully consented blocks.

● Research use only biofluids — Research use only biofluids are collected directly from subjects, with their consent, and under an IRB (or equivalent) protocol. We obtain these samples via a variety of sources, including our biorepository and clinical research center partners. They are generally priced to the researcher per collection, depending upon specimen type, rarity, and requested data. These specimens contributed to approximately 39% of our revenue in 2023 and 39% of our revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, respectively.

● Research use only tissue — Research use only tissues are collected directly from subjects, with their consent, and under an IRB (or equivalent) protocol. They are typically collected during a clinically required surgical procedure. We obtain these specimens from our biorepository partners, anatomic pathology laboratories, or clinical research centers that have relationships with surgical facilities. These samples are priced to the researcher per sample, depending upon specimen type, rarity, and requested data. These specimens contributed to approximately 47% of our revenue in 2023 and 47% of our revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, respectively.

● Research use only hematopoietic stem and immune cells — Research use only hematopoietic stem and immune cells includes bone marrow, cord blood, whole blood, or their cellular components, which are collected from subjects with their consent and under an IRB (or equivalent) protocol. Some of the aforementioned products are collected from healthy subjects or diagnosed (diseased) subjects and may be offered to researchers in fresh or cryopreserved format. They are prospectively collected primarily from our blood donor center partners or picked from banked inventory maintained by our supply site partners. The collection of these samples may require subjects to undergo apheresis procedures, bone marrow extraction procedures, and/or hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization therapies. These products are generally priced to the researcher per collection depending upon collection type, specimen type, rarity (subject phenotype or attributes selected), required procedures, and requested data.

For each of these product types, biospecimens may already exist in laboratory archives or banked in our network of biorepositories ("banked") or may be collected in the future from our network of healthcare providers and commercial specimen providers ("prospectively-collected" or "custom collections").

**Our Supply Partners**

Critical to the success of the iSpecimen Marketplace is the network of healthcare providers who make their patients, samples, and data available to researchers. This supply network was built over a ten-year period and as of December 31, 2024, our supply network consisted of approximately 76 unique healthcare organizations and biospecimen providers under agreement, including healthcare systems, community hospitals, clinics, private practice groups, commercial laboratories, blood centers, commercial biobanks, clinical research sites, and cadaveric donation centers.

Our suppliers are located in eleven (11) countries across the Americas, Europe, and Asia and our cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, break out as follows geographically:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
|  | **2024** | **2023** |
| Americas | 66.19% | 64.87% |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa | 27.24% | 23.08% |
| Asia Pacific | 6.57% | 12.05% |

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There was one supplier that accounted for 11.3% of our total cost of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024. There was one supplier that accounted for 12.7% of our total cost of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Each supplier organization may give us access to one or more of the following environments within their organization where specimens may be obtained:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Ø | Clinical labs — This environment provides access to remnant biofluids and is typically found in hospitals, commercial laboratories, clinics, and private practice groups. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 11 of our healthcare supply sites provided us with access to remnant biofluids originating in clinical labs; |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Ø | Pathology labs — This environment provides access to remnant tissue and remnant hematopoietic stem and immune cells and typically exists within hospitals or commercial laboratories. As of December 31, 2024, approximately two (2) of our healthcare supply sites provided us with access to remnant tissue or cells originating in pathology labs; |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Ø | Biorepositories — These organizations typically reside within larger healthcare systems or commercial organizations. Generally, they collect and store specimens for unspecified future research purposes. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 16 of our supply sites provided us with access to specimens stored in biorepositories; |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Ø | Blood donor centers — These organizations typically collect large volumes of blood and derivatives for therapeutic or research purposes. They own and operate donor centers and may manufacture broad selection of isolated cell types (fresh or cryopreserved) from consented donors for research use. As of December 31, 2024, two (2) of our supply sites provided us with access to large volume blood products; |

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Ø Cadaveric donation centers — These organizations receive whole cadavers and provide access to cadaveric tissues, biofluids, and stem cells, specifically for research purposes. As of December 31, 2024, one (1) of our supply sites provided us with cadaveric tissues and biofluids; and

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Ø | Clinical research centers — These organizations generally reside within healthcare facilities such as hospitals or clinics, or they operate as standalone entities providing access to subjects for research programs. Subjects may be approached and consented to provide specimens when they are in for healthcare appointments (i.e. patient encounters) or may be called in to specifically participate in research projects. As of December 31, 2024, approximately 44 of our healthcare supply sites provided us with access to patients directly from over thousands hospitals and thousands of clinics and practice groups. |

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Supply sites may provide specimens from one or all these environments, depending on their practices and capabilities. Each supply site can select how it will work with our Company.

In addition to obtaining specimens and data directly from healthcare organizations, we work with several commercial biobanks and biospecimen brokers who have their own network of healthcare provider supply partners and wish to make their samples available to our research clients as well. While these organizations are generally considered our competitors, they are willing to work with us because we provide value by acting as both a distribution channel for them and a supply partner to them to increase their revenues. Moreover, the inclusion of competitors' specimens in our iSpecimen Marketplace platform further strengthens our competitive position and value to our customers by further de- fragmenting our customers' buying experience.

**Our Customers**

Our customer base is primarily comprised of three main segments: biopharmaceutical companies, in vitro diagnostic companies, and government/academic institutions. As of December 31, 2024, we had distributed our specimens to approximately 765 customers, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Since entering the regenerative medicine market late 2019, we have acquired 33 customers representing 0.7% of our total revenue both in 2023 and in 2024.

From our inception through December 31, 2024, we had distributed more than 240,000 specimens to 23 countries and our geographical revenues distribution for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
|  | **2024** | **2023** |
| Americas | 85.13% | 89.93% |
| Europe, Middle East and Africa | 12.71% | 9.10% |
| Asia Pacific | 2.16% | 0.97% |

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During the year ended December 31, 2024, there was one customer that accounted for approximately 29% of our total revenue generated. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were one customer that accounted for approximately 25% of our total revenue generated. We continuously engage with all customers when we receive inbound requests from them, whether they are within or outside of the Americas. Year-over-year, our top customers have been different because their specimen needs tend to be project-based and depending upon where they are in their research and development cycle, they may not need large numbers of specimens each year. During the year, our customer retention rates are moderate, with 16 of our top 25 customers (64%) in the year ended December 31, 2023 also procuring specimens in the year ended December 31, 2024.

Biospecimens have broad utility within the healthcare and life science industries, as they are collected and used throughout nearly every stage of diagnostic and therapeutic product discovery and development. For diagnostic products, they are used consistently for preclinical discovery, clinical validation, and post-market validation, as well as surveillance. For therapeutic products, these samples are most often used during preclinical research involving drug target identification and validation, compound screening, lead optimization, predictive toxicology, and pharmacokinetic studies. They are also used for biomarker companion diagnostic discovery and development, which has been shown to reduce the costs of drug clinical trials by 30 to 60% according to Ark Research. In the case of regenerative medicine applications, hematologic samples are used for research and development of engineered cell therapies (e.g. CAR-T, CAR-NK), stem cell therapies (e.g. hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells), exosome therapies, identification of cell immunophenotypes for allogeneic therapies, and for developing and scaling-up cell therapy manufacturing processes.

Given recent advances in technology that now allow for the identification of molecular determinants of disease, the role of the patient's biospecimen has become even more important in all these endeavors and is essential to the development of precision medicine. This pursuit of precision medicine by the healthcare and life science industries has further increased the already high demand for human biospecimens and the clinical data that describe them.

**Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and a Smaller Reporting Company**

We qualify as an "emerging growth company," as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"). As an "emerging growth company" we may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:

● The option to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in this prospectus;

● Not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act");

● Not being required to comply with any requirements that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor's report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis);

● Reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and

● Exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We may take advantage of these provisions until December 31, 2026, which is the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the consummation of our initial public offering ("IPO"). However, if any of the following events occur prior to the end of such five-year period, (i) our annual gross revenue exceeds $1.235 billion, (ii) we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, or (iii) we become a "large accelerated filer," (as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")), we will cease to be an emerging growth company prior to the end of such five-year period. We will be deemed to be a "large accelerated filer" at such time that we (a) have an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700.0 million or more as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (b) have been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act for a period of at least 12 months and (c) have filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still qualify as a "smaller reporting company," which would allow us to take advantage of many of the same exemptions from disclosure requirements including reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in this prospectus and our periodic reports and proxy statements.

We have elected to take advantage of certain of the reduced disclosure obligations in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part (the "Registration Statement") and may elect to take advantage of other reduced reporting requirements in future filings. As a result, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests.

We are also a "smaller reporting company" as defined in the Exchange Act, and have elected to take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies. To the extent that we continue to qualify as a "smaller reporting company" as such term is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, after we cease to qualify as an emerging growth company, certain of the exemptions available to us as an "emerging growth company" may continue to be available to us as a "smaller reporting company," including exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirements pursuant to SOX and reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements. We will continue to be a "smaller reporting company" until we have $250 million or more in public float (based on our common stock) measured as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or, in the event we have no public float (based on our common stock) or a public float (based on our common stock) that is less than $700 million, annual revenues of $100 million or more during the most recently completed fiscal year.

In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period.

**Corporate Information**

We were formed as a Delaware corporation in July 2009. Our headquarters are in Woburn, MA, and our principal executive offices are located at 8 Cabot Road, Suite 1800, Woburn, MA 01801, and our telephone number is (781)301-6700. Our website address is *www.ispecimen.com*. The information contained in, or accessible through, our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely as an inactive textual reference.

**THE OFFERING**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  **Securities to be Offered** | Up to ___________ Shares, at an assumed public offering price of $____ per share, which was the reported closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on June ____, 2025.  |
|  | We are also offering to each purchaser, with respect to the purchase of Shares that would otherwise result in the purchaser's beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase one Pre-Funded Warrant in lieu of one share of common stock. A holder of Pre-Funded Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Pre-Funded Warrant if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, such limit may be increased to up to 9.99%) of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. Each Pre-Funded Warrant will be exercisable for one share of common stock. The purchase price per Pre-Funded Warrant will be equal to the price per Share, minus $0.0001, and the exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will equal $0.0001 per share. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable (subject to the beneficial ownership cap) and may be exercised at any time in perpetuity until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. For more information regarding the Pre-Funded Warrants, you should carefully read the section titled "Description of Our Securities" in this prospectus. |
| **Size of Offering** | Up to $4,000,000 of Shares and/or Pre-Funded Warrants. |
| **Assumed Subscription Price Per Share** | $_____ (or $0.0001 per Pre-Funded Warrant in lieu of one share of common stock), which was the reported closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on _______, 2025. |
| **Common Stock Outstanding Prior<br> to This Offering** | 2,496,858 shares (as of June ____, 2025). |
| **Common Stock Outstanding after This Offering** | Up to _________ shares (assuming no issuance or exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants) and an assumed public offering price of $_____ per share, which was the reported closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on June ____, 2025. |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Use of Proceeds** | Assuming that all _________ Shares are sold in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $_____ per share, which was the reported closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on June ____, 2025, and assuming no issuance of Pre-Funded Warrants, we estimate the net proceeds of the Offering, after the deduction of underwriter fees and expenses and other offering expenses will be approximately $________.<br>If we raise $4,000,000 in this offering, we estimate that the net proceeds will be approximately $________, after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses. We intend to use approximately $1,500,000 of the net proceeds for marketing and advertising services to be provided by IR Agency LLC. The agreement with IR Agency LLC has a term of three (3) months, commencing on the date of the closing of this offering, and provides that the $1,500,000 payment is due in full upon the closing of this offering and deemed fully earned upon receipt. Either party may terminate the agreement at any time upon written notice. However, if the Company terminates the agreement during the initial three-month term for any reason, the Company will not be entitled to a refund of any portion of the compensation paid. The agreement may also be extended by mutual agreement of the parties. We also intend to use $1,000,000 of the net proceeds to fund the initial milestone payment under a Definitive Software Purchase and Sales Agreement with Sales Stack Solutions Corp., a British Columbia company, for the acquisition, integration, and maintenance of the SalesStack technology platform. The SalesStack agreement provides for aggregate milestone-based payments of $2,400,000, payable in three tranches: (i) $1,000,000 upon completion of build and installation; (ii) $700,000 upon full integration into the Company's Marketplace platform; and (iii) $700,000 upon completion of customization and one month of post-customization support. As of the date of this prospectus, none of these milestones have been achieved. We intend to use the remaining net proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes. Management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding the use of such proceeds. If we raise less than the full offering amount, we may be required to adjust the allocation of the net proceeds accordingly. <br>|
| **Market for Common Stock** | Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol "ISPC". |
| **Market for Pre-Funded Warrants** | There is no established public trading market for the Pre-Funded Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing of the Pre-Funded Warrants, if any, on any securities exchange or recognized trading system. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Pre-Funded Warrants, if any, will be limited. |

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The number of shares of common stock outstanding prior to this offering and to be outstanding after this offering is based on 1,696,904 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2024, and excludes:

● 407 shares of our common stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units outstanding under our stock incentive plans and 171 shares of our common stock issued upon vesting of restricted stock units on April 1, 2025;

● 5,055 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding under our stock incentive plans, 3,570 of which are currently exercisable, which have a weighted average exercise price of $44.97 per share; and

● 5,125 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of our outstanding warrants which have a weighted average exercise price of $195.12.

● 799,631 shares of our common stock issued upon exercise of pre-funded warrants during January 2025.

Unless otherwise stated, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise of the underwriter's option to purchase additional securities and no sale of any Pre-Funded Warrants in this offering.

**USE OF PROCEEDS**

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $_________ (assuming the sale of all Shares offered hereby at the assumed public offering price of $____ per share, which was the reported closing sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq on June ____, 2025, and assuming no issuance or exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants), after deducting expenses relating to this offering payable by us estimated at approximately $______, including underwriting fees and expenses.

We currently anticipate an approximate allocation of the net proceeds from this offering as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Offering Costs and expenses | $— |
| Sales Stack Milestone Payment | 1000000 |
| IR Agency LLC Payment | 1500000 |
| Working capital and general corporate purposes |  |
| **TOTAL** | $— |

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We believe that the net proceeds from this offering, together with our existing cash, will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least six (6) months following the completion of this offering. This estimate is based on certain assumptions regarding our projected expenses and revenue, which may prove to be inaccurate. As a result, we may need to use our available capital resources sooner than anticipated. If we raise $4,000,000 in this offering, we estimate that the net proceeds will be approximately $_________, after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses. We intend to use approximately $1,500,000 of the net proceeds for marketing and advertising services to be provided by IR Agency LLC for an initial term of three (3) months. The services to be provided shall be used to communicate information about the Company to the financial community including, but not limited to, creating profiles, media distribution and building a digital community with respect to the Company. We also expect to use $1,000,000 of the net proceeds to fund the initial milestone payment to Sales Stack Solutions Corp. for their technology services described above in the Prospectus Summary. The remaining net proceeds will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Although we currently anticipate that we will use the net proceeds from this offering as described above, there may be circumstances where a reallocation of funds is necessary. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend upon numerous factors, including permits, and the accessibility of rigs and other equipment, our operating costs and other factors. Accordingly, our management will have flexibility in applying the net proceeds from this offering. An investor will not have the opportunity to evaluate the economic, financial or other information on which we base our decisions on how to use the proceeds.

Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of _____ per share, which was the reported closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on June ____, 2025, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, by approximately $_________, assuming that the number of Shares and/or Pre-Funded Warrants offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of 100,000 Shares and/or Pre-Funded Warrants offered by us at the assumed public offering price of $_____ per share, which was the reported closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on June ____, 2025, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, by approximately $__________, assuming that the assumed public offering price of $____ per share, which was the reported closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq on June ____, 2025, stays the same.

Pending these uses, we intend to invest the funds in short-term, investment grade, interest-bearing securities. It is possible that, pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for us.

**DILUTION**

If you invest in our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the offering price per share of our common stock and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after the offering. Historical net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding.

The historical net tangible book value of our common stock as of December 31, 2024 was approximately $(2,017,646) million or $(1.19) per share based on 1,696,904 shares of common stock outstanding on such date. Historical net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets reduced by the amount of our total liabilities, divided by the total number of shares of common stock outstanding.

After giving further effect to the sale of shares of our common stock and Pre-funded Warrants in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $_____per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on June ____, 2025 and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and assuming no sale of the Pre-funded Warrants, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value at December 31, 2024 would have been $_________, or $_________ per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value of $_________. per share to existing stockholders and immediate dilution of $_________ per share to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering.

The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Assumed public offering price per share | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2024 | $() |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pro forma increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors in this offering |  |
| Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share immediately after this offering | () |
| Dilution per share to new investors in this offering | $— |

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A $0.50 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $_________ per share, which was the closing price of our common stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market on June ____, 2025, would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering by $0. per share and the dilution to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering by $0. per share, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions. An increase (decrease) of 500,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering by $0 per share and decrease the dilution to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering by $0 per share, assuming no change in the assumed public offering price per share and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions.

To the extent that stock options or warrants are exercised, new stock options are issued under our equity incentive plan, or we issue additional common stock in the future, there will be further dilution to investors participating in this offering. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital because of market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. If we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.

The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 1,696,904 shares of our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2024, assumes no sale of Pre-funded Warrants and excludes:

● 804,756 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $4.22;

● 5,055 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options with a weighted average exercise price of $34.19; and

● 578 shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of outstanding restricted stock units.

**UNDERWRITING**

WestPark Capital, Inc. ("WestPark") is acting as representative of the underwriters (the "Representative"). Subject to the terms and conditions of an underwriting agreement between us and the Representative, we have agreed to sell to each underwriter named below, and each underwriter named below has severally agreed to purchase, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of shares of Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrants listed next to its name in the following table:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Name of Underwriter** | **Number of Shares of Common Stock<br> or Pre-Funded Warrants** |
| WestPark Capital, Inc. |  |
| Total |  |

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The underwriting agreement provides that the obligation of the underwriters to purchase all of the shares of Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrants being offered to the public is subject to specific conditions, including the absence of any material adverse change in our business or in the financial markets and the receipt of certain legal opinions, certificates and letters from us, our counsel and the independent auditors. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or the offering may be terminated. Subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement, the underwriters will purchase all of the shares of Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrants being offered to the public.

The underwriters are offering the shares of Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrants, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval of legal matters by their counsel and other conditions specified in the underwriting agreement. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.

**Discounts and Commissions**

The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds, before expenses, to us.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Per Share of Common Stock** | **Per<br> Pre-Funded Warrant** |
| Public offering price | $| $|
| Underwriting discounts and commissions (4.0%) |  |  |
| Proceeds, before expenses, to us | $| $|

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The underwriters propose to offer the shares of Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrants offered by us to the public at the public offering price per share of Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrant set forth on the cover of this prospectus. In addition, the underwriters may offer some of the shares of Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrants to other securities dealers at such price less a concession of $_________ per share of Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrant. After the initial offering, the public offering price and concession to dealers may be changed.

We have agreed to pay the underwriters a cash fee equal to four percent (4.0%) of the aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of the Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrants.

We have agreed to reimburse the Representative for its legal fees and expenses in connection with the offering in an amount up to $75,000. We have also agreed to pay a non-accountable expense allowance to the Representative equal to $35,000. We estimate that the total expenses of the offering, including registration, filing and listing fees, printing fees and legal and accounting expenses, but excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $____________, all of which are payable by us.

**Determination of Offering Price**

The offering price has been negotiated between the representatives of the underwriter and us. In determining the offering price of the securities, the following factors were considered:

● prevailing market conditions;

● our historical performance and capital structure;

● estimates of our business potential and earnings prospects;

● an overall assessment of our management; and

● the consideration of these factors in relation to market valuation of companies in related businesses.

**Lock-Up Agreements**

We have agreed that without the approval of the Representative, not to offer, issue, sell, contract to sell, encumber, grant any option for the sale of or otherwise dispose of any of our securities for a period of sixty (60) days following the closing of this offering. Each of our officers, directors and holders of 5% of more of our outstanding Common Stock as of the effective date of this prospectus (and all holders of securities exercisable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock) have agreed to enter into customary "lock-up" agreements in favor of WestPark pursuant to which such persons and entities have agreed, for a period of sixty (60) days from the effective date of this prospectus in the case of our officers and directors and three months in the case of our other holders of 5% or greater shareholders of our outstanding common stock, that they shall neither offer, issue, sell, contract to sell, encumber, grant any option for the sale of or otherwise dispose of any securities of the Company without WestPark's prior written consent, including the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of currently outstanding options approved by WestPark.

**Tail**

We have also agreed to pay the Representative a tail fee equal to the cash compensation payable to the Representative in this offering, if any investor, who was contacted or introduced to us by the Representative following the termination or expiration of the engagement by the Company prior to Closing, provides us with capital in any public or private equity offering or other financing or capital raising transaction during the twelve (12) month period following expiration or termination of our engagement of the Representative, provided, however, that we have the right to terminate its engagement of the underwriter for cause in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(5)(B)(i), which termination for cause eliminates the Company's obligations with respect to the tail.

**Indemnification**

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make for these liabilities.

**Other Relationships**

Some of the underwriters and their affiliates have engaged in, and may in the future engage in, investment banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with us or our affiliates. They have received, or may in the future receive, customary fees and commissions for these transactions.

**Price Stabilization, Short Positions, and Penalty Bids**

In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our securities. Specifically, the underwriters may over-allot in connection with this offering by selling more securities than are set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. This creates a short position in our securities for its own account. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. The underwriters may also elect to stabilize the price of our securities or reduce any short position by bidding for, and purchasing, securities in the open market.

The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter or dealer repays selling concessions allowed to it for distributing a security in this offering because the underwriter repurchases that security in stabilizing or short covering transactions.

Finally, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, securities in market making transactions, including "passive" market making transactions as described below.

These activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of our securities at a price that is higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the absence of these activities. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities, and may discontinue any of these activities at any time without notice.

In connection with this offering, the underwriters and selling group members, if any, or their affiliates may engage in passive market making transactions in our Common Stock immediately prior to the commencement of sales in this offering, in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Rule 103 generally provides that:

● a passive market maker may not effect transactions or display bids for our securities in excess of the highest independent bid price by persons who are not passive market makers;

● net purchases by a passive market maker on each day are generally limited to 30% of the passive market maker's average daily trading volume in our securities during a specified two-month prior period or 200 shares, whichever is greater, and must be discontinued when that limit is reached; and

● passive market making bids must be identified as such.

**Electronic Distribution**

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by the representatives of the underwriters and may also be made available on a website maintained by other underwriters. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives of the underwriters to underwriters that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations. In connection with the offering, the underwriters or syndicate members may distribute prospectuses electronically. No forms of electronic prospectus other than prospectuses that are printable as Adobe® PDF will be used in connection with this offering.

The underwriters have informed us that they do not expect to confirm sales of shares offered by this prospectus to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.

Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on any underwriter's website and any information contained in any other website maintained by an underwriter is not part of the prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or any underwriter in its capacity as underwriter and should not be relied upon by investors.

**Offer Restrictions Outside the United States**

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

**MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES**

The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the Shares, the ownership, exercise and disposition of Pre- Funded Warrants acquired pursuant to this prospectus and the shares of common stock received upon the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants. The Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants may be referred to in this summary as the "securities."

This discussion is limited to certain U.S. federal income tax considerations to beneficial owners of our securities who are initial purchasers of our Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to this offering and hold our securities as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221(a) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") (generally, property held for investment). This discussion assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) by us on the Shares and any consideration received (or deemed received) by a holder in consideration for the sale or other disposition of our securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion is a summary only and does not consider all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities by a prospective investor in light of its particular circumstances or that is subject to special rules under the U.S. federal income tax laws, including, but not limited to:

● banks and other financial institutions or financial services entities;

● broker-dealers;

● mutual funds;

● retirement plans, individual retirement accounts or other tax-deferred accounts;

● taxpayers that are subject to the mark-to-market tax accounting rules;

● tax-exempt entities;

● S-corporations, partnerships or other flow-through entities and investors therein;

● governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;

● insurance companies;

● regulated investment companies;

● real estate investment trusts;

● passive foreign investment companies;

● controlled foreign corporations;

● qualified foreign pension funds;

● expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States;

● persons that actually or constructively own five percent or more of our voting shares;

● persons that acquired our securities pursuant to an exercise of employee share options, in connection with employee share incentive plans or otherwise as compensation or in connection with services;

● persons required for U.S. federal income tax purposes to conform the timing of income accruals to their financial statements under Section 451 of the Code;

● persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;

● persons that hold our securities as part of a straddle, constructive sale, hedging, conversion or other integrated or similar transaction; or

● U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.

The discussion below is based upon current provisions of the Code, applicable U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated under the Code ("Treasury Regulations"), judicial decisions and administrative rulings of the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"), all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly on a retroactive basis. Any such differing interpretations or change could alter the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed below. Furthermore, this discussion does not address any aspect of U.S. federal non-income tax laws, such as gift, estate or Medicare contribution tax laws, or state, local or non-U.S. tax laws.

We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the IRS as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree with the discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulations, administrative rulings or court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.

As used herein, the term "U.S. Holder" means a beneficial owner of our securities that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes: (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is created or organized (or treated as created or organized) in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source or (iv) a trust if (A) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (B) it has in effect a valid election under Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United States person.

This discussion does not consider the tax treatment of partnerships or other pass-through entities (including branches) or persons who hold our securities through such entities. If a partnership (or other entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is the beneficial owner of our securities, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partner and the partnership. If you are a partner or a partnership holding our securities, we urge you to consult your own tax advisor.

THIS DISCUSSION IS ONLY A SUMMARY OF CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR SECURITIES. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IN OUR SECURITIES IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO SUCH INVESTOR OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF ANY STATE, LOCAL, AND NON-UNITED STATES TAX LAWS.

**Treatment of Pre-Funded Warrants**

Although it is not entirely free from doubt, applicable authority indicates that, and we intend to take the position that, the Pre-Funded Warrants should be treated as a separate class of our shares of common stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes and a U.S. Holder of Pre-Funded Warrants should generally be taxed in the same manner as a holder of shares of common stock except as described below. Accordingly, no gain or loss should be recognized upon the exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant and, upon exercise, the holding period of the shares of common stock received upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrant should include the holding period of the Pre-Funded Warrant. The tax basis of the Pre-Funded Warrant should carry over to the shares of common stock received upon exercise, increased by the exercise price of $0.0001 per share. However, such characterization is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS may treat the Pre-Funded Warrants as warrants to acquire shares of common stock. If so, the amount and character of a U.S. Holder's gain with respect to an investment in Pre-Funded Warrants could change. Accordingly, each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the risks associated with the acquisition of a Pre-Funded Warrant pursuant to this prospectus (including potential alternative characterizations). The balance of this discussion generally assumes that the characterization described above is respected for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

**U.S. Holders**

<u>Taxation of Distributions</u>

If we pay distributions in cash or other property (other than certain distributions of our stock or rights to acquire our stock) to U.S. Holders of our shares of common stock, such distributions will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will constitute a return of capital that will be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in our shares of common stock. Any remaining excess will be treated as gain realized on the sale or other disposition of the shares of our common stock and will be treated as described under "U.S. Holders — Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Our Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants" below.

Dividends we pay to a corporate U.S. Holder generally will qualify for the dividends received deduction if certain holding period requirements are met. With certain exceptions (including, but not limited to, dividends treated as investment income for purposes of investment interest deduction limitations), and provided certain holding period requirements are met, dividends we pay to a non-corporate U.S. Holder will generally be taxed as qualified dividend income at the preferential tax rate for long-term capital gains.

<u>Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Our Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants</u>

A U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss on a sale or other taxable disposition of the Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants. Any such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder's holding period for such Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants exceeds one year. Long-term capital gains recognized by a non-corporate U.S. holder are currently eligible to be taxed preferential rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

The amount of gain or loss recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition generally will be equal to the difference between (i) the sum of the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received in such disposition and (ii) the U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in our shares of common stock so disposed of. A U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in the Shares generally will equal the U.S. Holder's acquisition cost reduced by any prior distributions treated as a return of capital.

**Non-U.S. Holders**

This section applies to "Non-U.S. Holders." As used herein, the term "Non-U.S. Holder" means a beneficial owner of our shares of common stock that is not a U.S. Holder and is not a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but such term generally does not include an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition. If you are such an individual, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership or sale or other disposition of our securities.

*Taxation of Distributions*

In general, any distributions we make to a Non-U.S. Holder of shares of our common stock, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Provided such dividends are not effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder's conduct of a trade or business within the United States (or, if required pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, are not attributable to a permanent establishment of fixed base maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States), we will be required to withhold tax from the gross amount of the dividend at a rate of 30%, unless such Non-U.S. Holder is eligible for a reduced rate of withholding tax under an applicable income tax treaty and provides proper certification of its eligibility for such reduced rate (usually on an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable). Any distribution not constituting a dividend will be treated first as reducing (but not below zero) the Non-U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in our shares of common stock and, to the extent such distribution exceeds the Non-U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis, as gain realized from the sale or other disposition of our shares of common stock, which will be treated as described under "Non-U.S. Holders — Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Our Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants" below. In addition, if we determine that we are or are likely to be classified as a "United States real property holding corporation" (see "Non-U.S. Holders — Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Our Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants" below), we will withhold 15% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, including a distribution in redemption of our shares of common stock.

Dividends that we pay to a Non-U.S. Holder that are effectively connected with such Non-U.S. Holder's conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if a tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States) will not be subject to U.S. withholding tax, provided such Non-U.S. Holder complies with certain certification and disclosure requirements (usually by providing an IRS Form W-8ECI). Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax as if the Non-U.S. Holder were a U.S. resident, unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise. A Non-U.S. Holder that is a foreign corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to an additional "branch profits tax" imposed at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate).

*Gain on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Our Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants*

Subject to the discussion of FATCA and backup withholding below, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax in respect of gain recognized on a sale, taxable exchange or other taxable disposition of our Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants, unless:

● the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business by the Non-U.S. Holder within the United States (and, under certain income tax treaties, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States); or

● we are or have been a "United States real property holding corporation" for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of disposition or the period that the Non-U.S. Holder held our shares of common stock, and, in the case where shares of our common stock are regularly traded on an established securities market, the Non-U.S. Holder has owned, directly or constructively, more than 5% of our shares of common stock at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding the disposition or such Non-U.S. Holder's holding period for our shares of common stock. There can be no assurance that our shares of common stock will be treated as regularly traded on an established securities market for this purpose.

Unless an applicable treaty provides otherwise, gain described in the first bullet point above will generally be subject to tax at the applicable U.S. federal income tax rates as if the Non-U.S. Holder were a U.S. resident. Any gains described in the first bullet point above of a Non-U.S. Holder that is a foreign corporation may also be subject to an additional "branch profits tax" at a 30% rate (or lower treaty rate).

If the second bullet point above applies to a Non-U.S. Holder, gain recognized by such holder on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants will generally be subject to tax at applicable U.S. federal income tax rates as if the Non-U.S. Holder were a U.S. resident. In addition, a buyer of our Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants from such holder may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 15% of the amount realized upon such disposition. We cannot determine whether we will be a United States real property holding corporation in the future. In general, we would be classified as a United States real property holding corporation if the fair market value of our "United States real property interests" equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of our worldwide real property interests plus our other assets used or held for use in a trade or business, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

**Information Reporting and Backup Withholding**

Dividend payments with respect to our shares of common stock and proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of shares of our common stock or Pre-Funded Warrants may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and possible United States backup withholding. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to payments made to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes other required certifications, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding and establishes such exempt status. Payments made to a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to backup withholding if the Non-U.S. Holder provides certification of its foreign status, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W-8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be credited against a holder's U.S. federal income tax liability, and a holder generally may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information. All holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of information reporting and backup withholding to them.

**FATCA Withholding Taxes**

Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance promulgated thereunder (commonly referred to as the "Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act" or "FATCA") generally impose withholding of 30% in certain circumstances on payments of dividends and, subject to the proposed Treasury Regulations discussed below, on proceeds from sales or other disposition of our securities paid to "foreign financial institutions" (which is broadly defined for this purpose and includes investment vehicles) and certain other non-U.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (relating to ownership by U.S. persons of interests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied or an exemption applies (typically certified as to by the delivery of a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN-E). If FATCA withholding is imposed, a beneficial owner that is not a foreign financial institution will be entitled to a refund of any amounts withheld by filing a U.S. federal income tax return (which may entail significant administrative burden). Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules. Similarly, dividends and, subject to the proposed Treasury Regulations discussed below, proceeds from sales or other disposition in respect of our securities held by an investor that is a non-financial non-U.S. entity that does not qualify under certain exceptions generally will be subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, unless such entity either (i) certifies to us or the applicable withholding agent that such entity does not have any "substantial United States owners" or (ii) provides certain information regarding the entity's "substantial United States owners," which will in turn be provided to the U.S. Department of the Treasury. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has proposed regulations which eliminate the federal withholding tax of 30% applicable to the gross proceeds of a sale or other disposition of our securities. Withholding agents may rely on the proposed Treasury Regulations until final regulations are issued. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the possible effects of FATCA on their investment in our securities.

**THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX DISCUSSION SET FORTH ABOVE IS INCLUDED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE DEPENDING UPON A HOLDER'S PARTICULAR SITUATION. HOLDERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER STATE, LOCAL, ESTATE, NON-U.S. AND OTHER TAX LAWS AND TAX TREATIES AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN U.S. OR OTHER TAX LAWS.**

**INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE**

We incorporate information into this prospectus by reference, which means that we disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, except to the extent superseded by information contained herein or by information contained in documents filed with or furnished to the SEC after the date of this prospectus. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents set forth below that have been previously filed or furnished, as applicable, with the SEC:

● our Current Report on [Form 8-K](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025004256/ea0227841-8k_ispecimen.htm) filed with the SEC on January 16, 2025;

● our Current Report on [Form 8-K](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025016309/ea0231832-8k_ispecimen.htm) filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025:

● our Current Report on [Form 8-K/A](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025018804/ea0232619-8ka1_ispecimen.htm) (Amendment No. 1) filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025;

● our Current Report on [Form 8-K](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025022444/ea0233826-8k_ispecimen.htm) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2025;

● our Annual Report on [Form 10-K](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025031639/ea0237797-10k_ispecimen.htm) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 14, 2025;

● our Quarterly Report on [Form 10-Q](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025045447/ea0241874-10q_ispecimen.htm) for the period ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 19, 2025;

● our Current Report on [Form 8-K](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025051593/ea0244830-8k_ispecimen.htm) filed with the SEC on June 5, 2025; and

● our Current Report on [Form 8-K](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025057284/ea0246274-8k_ispecimen.htm) filed with the SEC on June 24, 2025.

We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus additional documents that we may file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from the date of this prospectus until we have sold all of the securities to which this prospectus relates or the offering is otherwise terminated; provided, however, that we are not incorporating any information furnished under either Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any current report on Form 8-K. These documents may include, among others, Annual Reports on Form 10- K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, as well as proxy statements.

**LEGAL MATTERS**

The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP, New York, New York. The underwriter is being represented by Lucosky Brookman LLP, Woodbridge, New Jersey.

**EXPERTS**

The financial statements of the Company, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 have been audited by Bush & Associates CPA LLC ("Bush & Associates") as our independent registered public accounting firm for fiscal 2024, and the financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 have been audited by Wolf & Company, P.C., our former independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon (which contains an explanatory paragraph relating to substantial doubt about the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern as described in Note 1 to the financial statements), and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

**WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION**

We file annual, quarterly and other reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, including any amendments to those reports, and other information that we file with or furnish to the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act can also be accessed free of charge through the Internet. These filings will be available as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. You may also access these filings through our website at https://www.ispecimen.com/.

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to the offering of these securities. The registration statement, including the attached exhibits, contains additional relevant information about us and the securities. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement. You can obtain a copy of the registration statement, at prescribed rates, from the SEC at the address listed above. The registration statement, along with our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, subsequent reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, as well as other filings that we make with the SEC, are also available on our Internet website, https://www.ispecimen.com/. We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus the information on our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this prospectus.

**UP TO __________ SHARES OF COMMON STOCK** 

**____________ PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS TO PURCHASE UP TO ________ SHARES OF COMMON STOCK**

**UP TO ____________SHARES OF COMMON STOCK ISSUABLE UPON THE EXERCISE OF THE PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS**

![](image_001.jpg)

**iSpecimen Inc.**

**PROSPECTUS**

**WestPark Capital, Inc.**

, 2025

**PART II**

**INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS**

**ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION**

The following table sets forth the expenses in connection with this registration statement excluding underwriting discounts and advisory fees. All of such expenses are estimates, other than the filing fees payable to the Securities and Exchange Commission and to FINRA.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Description** | **Amount to be Paid** |
| Filing Fee – Securities and Exchange Commission | $614.14 |
| Legal fees and expenses | 75000.00 |
| Filing Fee – FINRA | 1250.00 |
| Accounting fees and expenses | 75000.00 |
| Transfer agent's and registrar fees and expenses | 5000.00 |
| Printing fees and expenses | 12000.00 |
| Miscellaneous fees and expenses | 32234.50 |
| Total | $201098.64 |

---

**Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.**

Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides that a corporation may indemnify directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with any threatened, pending or completed actions, suits or proceedings in which such person is made a party by reason of such person being or having been a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation. Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law also provides that expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by a director or officer in defending an action may be paid by a corporation in advance of the final disposition of an action if the director or officer undertakes to repay the advanced amounts if it is determined such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation. The Delaware General Corporation Law provides that Section 145 is not exclusive of other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. Our second amended and restated bylaws provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, we shall indemnify and hold harmless any person who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative by reason of the fact that such person, or the person for whom he is the legally representative, is or was a director or officer of ours, against all liabilities, losses, expenses (including attorney's fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such proceeding.

Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law permits a corporation to provide in its Certificate of Incorporation that a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) for unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other distributions, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

Our fourth amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that we shall, to the maximum extent permitted from time to time under the law of the State of Delaware, indemnify and upon request shall advance expenses to any person who is or was a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, proceeding or claim, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person is or was or has agreed to be a director or officer of ours or while a director or officer is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of any corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against expenses (including attorneys' fees and expenses), judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement incurred in connection with the investigation, preparation to defend or defense of such action, suit, proceeding or claim; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not require us to indemnify or advance expenses to any person in connection with any action, suit, proceeding or claim initiated by or on behalf of such person or any counterclaim against us initiated by or on behalf of such person. Such indemnification shall not be exclusive of other indemnification rights arising under any by-law, agreement, vote of directors or stockholders or otherwise and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs and legal representatives of such person. Any person seeking indemnification shall be deemed to have met the standard of conduct required for such indemnification unless the contrary shall be established. Any repeal or modification of our fourth amended and restated certificate of incorporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director or officer of ours with respect to any acts or omissions of such director or officer occurring prior to such repeal or modification.

Our fourth amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws provide we shall, to the fullest extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware, as amended and supplemented from time to time, indemnify each person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such party is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer of ours, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at our request, as a director, officer or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including any employee benefit plan, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against all expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such party or on such party's behalf in connection with such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom.

Expenses incurred by such a person in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer of ours, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at our request, as a director, officer or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including any employee benefit plan, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity shall be paid by us in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by us as authorized by relevant sections of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we shall not be required to advance such expenses to a person who is a party to an action, suit or proceeding brought by us and approved by a majority of our Board of Directors that alleges willful misappropriation of corporate assets by such person, disclosure of confidential information in violation of such person's fiduciary or contractual obligations to us or any other willful and deliberate breach in bad faith of such person's duty to us or our stockholders.

We shall not indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless the initiation thereof was approved by our Board of Directors.

The indemnification rights provided in our fourth amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under any by-law, agreement or vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in their official capacities and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, continue as to such person who has ceased to be a director or officer, and inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

If the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended to expand further the indemnification permitted to indemnitees, then we shall indemnify such persons to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as so amended.

We may, to the extent authorized from time to time by our Board of Directors, grant indemnification rights to other employees or agents of ours or other persons serving us and such rights may be equivalent to, or greater or less than, those set forth in our second amended and restated bylaws.

Our obligation to provide indemnification under our second amended and restated bylaws shall be offset to the extent of any other source of indemnification or any otherwise applicable insurance coverage under a policy maintained by us or any other person.

To assure indemnification under our second amended and restated bylaws of all directors, officers, employees or agents who are determined by us or otherwise to be or to have been "fiduciaries" of any employee benefit plan of ours that may exist from time to time, Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law shall, for the purposes of our second amended and restated bylaws, be interpreted as follows: an "other enterprise" shall be deemed to include such an employee benefit plan, including without limitation, any plan of ours that is governed by the Act of Congress entitled "Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974," as amended from time to time; we shall be deemed to have requested a person to serve an employee benefit plan where the performance by such person of his duties to us also imposes duties on, or otherwise involves services by, such person to the plan or participants or beneficiaries of the plan; and excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan pursuant to such Act of Congress shall be deemed "fines."

Our second amended and restated bylaws shall be deemed to be a contract between us and each person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that person is or was, or has agreed to become, a director or officer of ours, or is or was serving, or has agreed to serve, at our request, as a director, officer or trustee of, or in a similar capacity with, another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including any employee benefit plan, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, at any time while this bylaw is in effect, and any repeal or modification thereof shall not affect any rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts then or theretofore existing or any action, suit or proceeding theretofore or thereafter brought based in whole or in part upon any such state of facts.

The indemnification provision of our second amended and restated bylaws does not affect directors' responsibilities under any other laws, such as the federal securities laws or state or federal environmental laws.

We may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer or employee of ours, or is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not we would have the power to indemnify him against liability under the provisions of this section. We currently maintain such insurance. The right of any person to be indemnified is subject to our right, in lieu of such indemnity, to settle any such claim, action, suit or proceeding at our expense of by the payment of the amount of such settlement and the costs and expenses incurred in connection therewith.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling our Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person in a successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered herewith, we will, unless in the opinion of our counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to the court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

**Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.**

On February 13, 2024, the Company entered into certain warrant repurchase and termination agreements (the "Repurchase Agreement") with certain holders (each, the "Warrant Holder") of Warrants, and the resale of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants were registered under an effective Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (File Number: 333-261640), filed by the Company.

Pursuant to the Repurchase Agreement, the Company agreed to repurchase from the Warrant Holders, who agreed to sell and transfer to the Company, the Warrants for an amount in cash equal to $0.04 multiplied by the total maximum number of shares of common stock issuable to the Warrant Holders upon the full exercise of the Warrants. In addition, upon full payment for the Warrants sold under the Repurchase Agreement, the Warrants and any warrants agreements or any other agreements, documents or instruments relating to the Warrants (including that certain Securities Purchase Agreements, dated November 28, 2021, by and between the Company and the Warrant Holders, that certain Registration Rights Agreements, dated November 28, 2021 by and between the Company and the Warrant Holders) (collectively, the "Warrant Documentation") would terminate, and all past, current and future obligations of the Company relating to the Warrants and Warrant Documentation would be released, discharged and of no further force or effect.

The sale and the issuance of the foregoing securities were offered and sold in reliance upon exemptions from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act ("Regulation D"). We made this determination based on the representations of each investor which included, in pertinent part, that each such investor was either (a) an "accredited investor" within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D or (b) a "qualified institutional buyer" within the meaning of Rule 144A under the Securities Act and upon such further representations from each investor that (i) such investor acquired the securities for his, her or its own account for investment and not for the account of any other person and not with a view to or for distribution, assignment or resale in connection with any distribution within the meaning of the Securities Act, (ii) such investor agreed not to sell or otherwise transfer the purchased securities unless they are registered under the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws, or an exemption or exemptions from such registration are available, (iii) such investor had knowledge and experience in financial and business matters such that he, she or it was capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in us, (iv) such investor had access to all of our documents, records, and books pertaining to the investment and was provided the opportunity to ask questions and receive answers regarding the terms and conditions of the offering and to obtain any additional information which we possessed or were able to acquire without unreasonable effort and expense, and (v) such investor had no need for the liquidity in its investment in us and could afford the complete loss of such investment. In addition, there was no general solicitation or advertising for securities issued in reliance upon these exemptions.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit No.** | **Description of Exhibit** |
| 1.1\*\* | [Form of Underwriting Agreement between the Company and WestPark Capital, Inc.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025039321/ea022875801ex1-1_ispecimen.htm) |
| 3.1 | [Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 22, 2021).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921084200/tm2120278d1_ex3-1.htm) |
| 3.2 | [Second Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 22, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921084200/tm2120278d1_ex3-2.htm) |
| 4.1 | [Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 29, 2021).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921144133/tm2134042d1_ex4-1.htm) |
| 4.2 | [Warrant to Purchase Stock — Western Alliance Bank (incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 16, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921105435/tm2125103d1_ex10-2.htm) |
| 4.3 | [Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 22, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000155837022004077/ispc-20211231xex4d3.htm) |
| 4.4 | [Form of Pre-Funded Warrant (incorporated by reference as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 31, 2024).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465924113112/tm2427232d1_ex4-1.htm) |
| 4.5\*\* | [Form of Pre-Funded Warrant for Investors in this Offering.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025039321/ea022875801ex4-5_ispecimen.htm) |
| 5.1\* | [Opinion of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP.](ea024682701ex5-1_ispecimen.htm) |
| 10.1 | [Loan and Security Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 16, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921105435/tm2125103d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 10.2 | [Warrant to Purchase Common Stock issued to Western Alliance Bank on August 13, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 16, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921105435/tm2125103d1_ex10-2.htm) |
| 10.3 | [Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 28, 2021, by and between the Company and the purchasers named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 29, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921144133/tm2134042d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 10.4 | [Registration Rights Agreement, dated November 28, 2021, by and between the Company and the investors named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 29, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921144133/tm2134042d1_ex10-2.htm) |
| 10.5 | [Placement Agency Agreement, dated November 28, 2021, by and between the Company and ThinkEquity LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 29, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921144133/tm2134042d1_ex10-3.htm) |
| 10.6 | [iSpecimen Inc. 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-1.htm) |
| 10.7 | [iSpecimen Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-2.htm) |
| 10.8 | [Form of Indemnification Agreement, by and between the Company and certain directors and executive officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-3.htm) |
| 10.9 | [Form of Confidentiality, Non-Competition And Assignment Agreement, by and between iSpecimen Inc. and each of its employees (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-4.htm) |
| 10.10 | [Lease between the Company and Bedford Street LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-5.htm) |
| 10.11 | [Form of Series A Preferred Stock Subscription Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-6.htm) |
| 10.12 | [Capital Commitment Agreement, dated September 1, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-7.htm) |
| 10.13 | [Form of Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement, dated August 22, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-8.htm) |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit No.** | **Description of Exhibit** |
| 10.14 | [Form of Investors' Rights Agreement for Series A-1 Preferred Stock and Series B Preferred Stock Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-9.htm) |
| 10.15 | [Form of Convertible Note Subscription Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-10.htm) |
| 10.16 | [Form of Unsecured Convertible Promissory Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-11.htm) |
| 10.17 | [Unsecured Convertible Promissory Note, dated December 29, 2017, issued by the Company to Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Foundation, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-12.htm) |
| 10.18 | [Omnibus Amendment to Unsecured Convertible Notes and Subscription Agreement, dated August 3, 2018, by and among the Company, Andrew L. Ross, Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Foundation, Inc., and OBF Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-13.htm) |
| 10.19 | [Second Omnibus Amendment to Unsecured Convertible Notes and Subscription Agreement, dated May 1, 2019, by and among iSpecimen Inc., Andrew L. Ross, Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Foundation, Inc., and OBF Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-14.htm) |
| 10.20 | [Third Omnibus Amendment to Unsecured Convertible Notes and Subscription Agreement, dated November 15, 2019, by and among iSpecimen Inc., Andrew L. Ross, Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Foundation, Inc., and OBF Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-15.htm) |
| 10.21 | [Fourth Omnibus Amendment to Unsecured Convertible Notes and Subscription Agreement, dated September 19, 2020, by and among iSpecimen Inc., Andrew L. Ross, Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Foundation, Inc., and OBF Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-16.htm) |
| 10.22 | [Form of Note Subscription Agreement for Secured Bridge Debt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-17.htm) |
| 10.23 | [Form of Secured Promissory Note for Secured Bridge Debt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-18.htm) |
| 10.24 | [First Amendment to Note Subscription Agreements and Secured Promissory Notes, dated May 1, 2019, by and among the Company and Note Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-19.htm) |
| 10.25 | [Second Amendment to Note Subscription Agreements and Secured Promissory Notes, dated November 15, 2019, by and among the Company and Note Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-20.htm) |
| 10.26 | [Third Amendment to Note Subscription Agreements and Secured Promissory Notes, dated June 15, 2020, by and among the Company and Note Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-21.htm) |
| 10.27 | [Fourth Amendment to Note Subscription Agreements and Secured Promissory Notes, dated October 1, 2020, by and among the Company and Note Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the Company's Form S-1/A (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on December 31, 2020).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465920141041/tm2035427d4_ex10-22.htm) |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit No.** | **Description of Exhibit** |
| 10.28 | [Fifth Amendment to Note Subscription Agreements and Secured Promissory Notes, dated March 15, 2021, by and among the Company and Note Investors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of the Company's Form S-1/A3 (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on April 2, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921046101/tm2035427d11_ex10-23.htm) |
| 10.29 | [iSpecimen Inc. Second Amended and Restated 2021 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465922065199/tm2217039d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 10.30# | [Executive Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Christopher lanelli (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 of the Company's Form S-1/A3 (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on April 2, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921046101/tm2035427d11_ex10-25.htm) |
| 10.31# | [Executive Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Jill Mullan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of the Company's Form S-1/A3 (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on April 2, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921046101/tm2035427d11_ex10-26.htm) |
| 10.32# | [Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Benjamin Bielak (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of the Company's Form S-1/A3 (File No. 333-250198) with the SEC on April 2, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921046101/tm2035427d11_ex10-28.htm) |
| 10.33 | [Factoring Agreement, dated January 1, 2021, by and between iSpecimen Inc. and Versant Funding, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 of the Company's Form S-1/A4 (File No. 333-250198) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921055687/tm2035427d14_ex10-29.htm) |
| 10.34 | [Waiver Agreement, dated April 29, 2022, by and between the Company and Western Alliance Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 29, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465922053841/tm2213955d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 10.35# | [First Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2022, between the Company and Christopher Ianelli (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 21, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465922072733/tm2218906d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 10.36# | [First Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2022, between the Company and Jill Mullan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 21, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465922072733/tm2218906d1_ex10-2.htm) |
| 10.37# | [First Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of June 20, 2022, between the Company and Benjamin Bielak (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 21, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465922072733/tm2218906d1_ex10-4.htm) |
| 10.38+# | [First Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement, dated October 24, 2022, by and between Benjamin Bielak and iSpecimen Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 28, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465922112436/tm2229013d1_ex10-3.htm) |
| 10.39 | [First Restated Noncompetition, Nonsolicitation, Nondisclosure and Inventions Agreement, dated October 24, 2022, by and between Benjamin Bielak and iSpecimen Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 28, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465922112436/tm2229013d1_ex10-4.htm) |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit No.** | **Description of Exhibit** |
| 10.40+ | [Separation Agreement, dated October 24, 2022, by and between Christopher Ianelli and iSpecimen Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 28, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465922112436/tm2229013d1_ex10-5.htm) |
| 10.41+ | [Separation Agreement effective October 24, 2022, by and between Jill Mullan and iSpecimen Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 28, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465922112436/tm2229013d1_ex10-6.htm) |
| 10.42 | [Form of Placement Agency Agreement (incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 31, 2024).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465924113112/tm2427232d1_ex10-1.htm) |
| 10.43 | [Form of Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 31, 2024).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465924113112/tm2427232d1_ex10-2.htm) |
| 10.44 | [Form of Investor Relations Agreement (incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 31, 2024).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465924113112/tm2427232d1_ex10-3.htm) |
| 10.45\*\* | [Consulting Agreement by and between the Company and IR Agency LLC.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025053464/ea024521201ex10-45_ispecimen.htm)  |
| 10.46\*\* | [Definitive Software Purchase and Services Agreement by and between the Company and Sales Stack Solutions Corp., a British Columbia Company.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025053464/ea024521201ex10-46_ispecimen.htm) |
| 10.50 | [Engagement Letter between iSpecimen Inc. and Yuying Liang Professional Corp., dated December 13, 2024 (incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 20, 2024).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390024111290/ea022548702ex10-1_ispecimen.htm) |
| 14 | [Form of Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14 of the Company's Form S-1/A4 (File No. 333-250198) filed with the SEC on April 27, 2021).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000110465921055687/tm2035427d14_ex14.htm) |
| 23.1\* | [Consent of Wolf & Company, P.C.](ea024682701ex23-1_ispecimen.htm) |
| 23.2\* | [Consent of Bush & Associates CPA LLC](ea024682701ex23-2_ispecimen.htm) |
| 23.3\* | [Consent of Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).](ea024682701ex5-1_ispecimen.htm) |
| 24.1\*\* | [Power of Attorney (included on signature page hereto).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025047292/ea0243258-s1a1_ispecimen.htm#b_029) |
| 107\*\* | [Filing Fee Table.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1558569/000121390025047292/ea024325801ex-fee_ispecimen.htm) |

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\* Filed herewith. <br>\*\* Previously Filed.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| + | Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Items 601(a)(5) and 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request. |

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# Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

**Item 17. Undertakings.**

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 6, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration statement; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

provided, however, that: Paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) That for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant under Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) That for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Woburn, State of Massachusetts, on the 27<sup>th</sup> day of June 2025.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| iSPECIMEN INC. | iSPECIMEN INC. |
| By: | /s/ Robert Bradley Lim |
|  | Robert Bradley Lim |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |
|  | /s/ Yuying Liang |
|  | Yuying Liang |
|  | Principal Accounting and Financial Officer |

---

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement on Form S-1 has been signed by the following persons in the capacities set forth opposite their names.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Signature** | **Title** | **Date** |
| /s/ Robert Bradley Lim | Chief Executive Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and Director | June 27, 2025 |
| Robert Bradley Lim |  |  |
| /s/ Yuying Liang | Principal Accounting and Financial Officer | June 27, 2025 |
| Yuying Liang |  |  |
| /s/ Siyun Yang | Director | June 27, 2025 |
| Siyun Yang |  |  |
| /s/ Anthony Lau | Director | June 27, 2025 |
| Anthony Lau |  |  |
| /s/ Avtar Dhaliwal | Director | June 27, 2025 |
| Avtar Dhaliwal |  |  |

---

## Exhibit 5.1

**Exhibit 5.1**

June 27, 2025

iSpecimen Inc.

8 Cabot Road, Suite 1800

Woburn, MA 08101

Re: Registration Statement on Form S-1

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel for iSpecimen Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), in connection with the preparation and filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-286958) (the "Registration Statement"), including a related prospectus filed with the Registration Statement (the "Prospectus"), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), covering a firm commitment underwritten offering of up to $4,000,000 worth of shares (the "Shares") of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the "Common Stock") and/or pre-funded warrants (the "Pre-Funded Warrants", and each share of Common Stock underlying a Pre-Funded Warrant, a "Pre-Funded Warrant Share") to purchase one share of Common Stock. The Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants, and the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares are to be sold in connection with an underwriting agreement (the "Underwriting Agreement") to be entered into between the Company and the underwriter.

In connection with this opinion, we have examined originals or copies (certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction) of (i) the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as currently in effect, (ii) the Company's Amended and Restated Bylaws as currently in effect, (iii) the Registration Statement and related Prospectus, (iv) the form of underwriting agreement, (v) the form of Pre-Funded Warrant, and (vi) such corporate records, agreements, documents and other instruments, and such certificates or comparable documents of public officials or of officers and representatives of the Company, as we have deemed relevant and necessary as a basis for the opinion hereinafter set forth.

In such examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed or photostatic copies, and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents. As to certain questions of fact material to this opinion, we have relied upon certificates or comparable documents of officers and representatives of the Company and have not sought to independently verify such facts.

Based on the foregoing, and in reliance thereon, and subject to the qualifications, limitations, exceptions and assumptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that, having been issued and sold in exchange for payment in full to the Company of all consideration required therefor as applicable, including with regard to the Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants, and the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares as described in the Registration Statement:

(i) Shares, when issued against payment therefor, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock;

(ii) The Pre-Funded Warrants, when issued against payment therefor, will constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except that (A) such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights in general and (B) the remedies of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of injunctive relief may be subject to equitable defenses; and

(iii) The Pre-Funded Warrant Shares have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and, when issued, sold and delivered by the Company pursuant to the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants against payment therefor, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock.

The opinion expressed herein is limited to the Delaware General Corporation Law and, with respect to the enforceability of the Pre-Funded Warrants, the laws of the State of New York, and we express no opinion as to the effect on the matters covered by this letter of the laws of any other jurisdiction.

We assume no obligation to update or supplement any of our opinions to reflect any changes of law or fact that may occur. We hereby consent to the filing of this letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the caption "Legal Matters" in the Prospectus which is a part of the Registration Statement. In giving such consents, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.

Very truly yours,

/s/ Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP

Sichenzia Ross Ference Carmel LLP

## Exhibit 23.1

**Exhibit 23.1**

**Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement (No. 333-286958) on Form S-1 and related Prospectus of iSpecimen Inc. of our report dated March 13, 2024, except Note 1, Reverse Stock Split and Note 13, as to which the date is April 14, 2025, relating to the financial statements of iSpecimen Inc., appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of iSpecimen Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2024.

We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading "Experts" in such Prospectus.

/s/ Wolf & Company, P.C.

Boston, Massachusetts

June 27, 2025

## Exhibit 23.2

**Exhibit 23.2**

![](ex23-2_001.jpg)

To Whom It May Concern:

We hereby consent to the use in the Prospectus constituting a part of this Registration Statement dated June 27, 2025, relating to the financial statements of iSpecimen, Inc., which is contained in that Prospectus, relating to the S-1/A schedules, which is contained in the Registration Statement.

We also consent to the references to us under the captions "Experts" in such Prospectus.

Very truly yours,

![](ex23-2_002.jpg)

Bush & Associates CPA LLC (PCAOB 6797)

Henderson, Nevada

June 27, 2025

179 N. Gibson Rd., Henderson, NV 89014 ● 702.703.5979 ● www.bushandassociatescpas.com