# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000736054
**File Stem:** 0001683863-23-001388
**Filing Date:** 2023-2
**Character Count:** 1677009
**Document Hash:** 01b71d82ca7c013412e1c6947f4683d5
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001683863-23-001388.hdr.sgml**: 20230227

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001683863-23-001388

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 485BPOS

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 95

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230227

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230224

**EFFECTIVENESS DATE**: 20230227

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** VANGUARD STAR FUNDS
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000736054
- **IRS NUMBER:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1031

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 485BPOS
- **SEC ACT:** 1940 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 811-03919
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23668914

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** PO BOX 2600
- **STREET 2:** V26
- **CITY:** VALLEY FORGE
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 19482
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 6106691000

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** PO BOX 2600
- **STREET 2:** V26
- **CITY:** VALLEY FORGE
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 19482

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** VANGUARD STAR FUND
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19920703

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** VANGUARD SPECIAL TAX ADVANTAGED RETIREMENT FUND
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19850318
**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** VANGUARD STAR FUNDS
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000736054
- **IRS NUMBER:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1031

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 485BPOS
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 002-88373
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23668913

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** PO BOX 2600
- **STREET 2:** V26
- **CITY:** VALLEY FORGE
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 19482
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 6106691000

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** PO BOX 2600
- **STREET 2:** V26
- **CITY:** VALLEY FORGE
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 19482

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** VANGUARD STAR FUND
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19920703

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** VANGUARD SPECIAL TAX ADVANTAGED RETIREMENT FUND
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19850318

## Series and Classes Contracts Data

### Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund (Series ID: S000002927)

| Class ID   | Class Name      | Ticker Symbol   |
|:---|:---|:---|
| C000008015 | Investor Shares | VSCGX           |

### Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund (Series ID: S000002928)

| Class ID   | Class Name      | Ticker Symbol   |
|:---|:---|:---|
| C000008016 | Investor Shares | VASGX           |

### Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund (Series ID: S000002929)

| Class ID   | Class Name      | Ticker Symbol   |
|:---|:---|:---|
| C000008017 | Investor Shares | VASIX           |

### Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund (Series ID: S000002930)

| Class ID   | Class Name      | Ticker Symbol   |
|:---|:---|:---|
| C000008018 | Investor Shares | VSMGX           |

### Vanguard Star Fund (Series ID: S000002931)

| Class ID   | Class Name      | Ticker Symbol   |
|:---|:---|:---|
| C000008019 | Investor Shares | VGSTX           |

### Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund (Series ID: S000002932)

| Class ID   | Class Name                  | Ticker Symbol   |
|:---|:---|:---|
| C000008020 | Investor Shares             | VGTSX           |
| C000094036 | Institutional Shares        | VTSNX           |
| C000094037 | Admiral Shares              | VTIAX           |
| C000094038 | ETF Shares                  | VXUS            |
| C000094039 | Institutional Plus Shares   | VTPSX           |
| C000170278 | Institutional Select Shares | VTISX           |

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? 485BPOS

------

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

------

**FORM N-1A**

**REGISTRATION STATEMENT**

**(NO. 2-88373)**

**UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933**

☒

**Pre-Effective Amendment No.**

☐

**Post-Effective Amendment No. 99**

☒

**and**

**REGISTRATION STATEMENT**

**(NO. 811-03919)**

***UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940***

**Amendment No. 101**

☒

**VANGUARD STAR FUNDS**

**(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Declaration of Trust)**

------

**P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482**

**(Address of Principal Executive Office)**

**Registrant's Telephone Number (610) 669-1000** 

**Anne E. Robinson, Esquire**

**P.O. Box 876**

**Valley Forge, PA 19482**

**It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)**

☐

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

☒

on February 27, 2023, pursuant to paragraph (b)

☐

60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

☐

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

☐

75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

☐

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485 If appropriate, check the following box:

☐

This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

------

![](vanguard_2.jpg)

Vanguard LifeStrategy<sup>®</sup> Funds

Prospectus

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;February 27, 2023

**Investor Shares** 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund Investor Shares (VASIX)

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund Investor Shares (VSCGX)

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund Investor Shares (VSMGX)

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund Investor Shares (VASGX)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

This prospectus contains financial data for the Funds through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

**The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**Contents**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Fund Summaries](#xx_1329bbfe-efce-4ca6-8775-54b2fdc5edeb_1) |  |
| [Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund](#xx_1329bbfe-efce-4ca6-8775-54b2fdc5edeb_1) | 1 |
| [Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative](#xx_4f50622d-3049-410c-816a-2e63d43cd118_1)<br> [Growth Fund](#xx_4f50622d-3049-410c-816a-2e63d43cd118_1)<br>| 7 |
| [Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund](#xx_2c470d91-1e85-45f0-848d-12fd3e7df0b4_1) | 13 |
| [Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund](#xx_09dc97dd-4a84-4ee5-8302-df2135937cbd_1) | 19 |
| [Investing in Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds](#xx_093927c2-5fa1-4d46-bf20-05f3dfb2dd52_1) | 25 |
| [More on the Funds](#xx_f8e51ae6-f11c-4c32-b877-abfb1ceefd15_1) | 26 |
| [The Funds and Vanguard](#xx_f8e51ae6-f11c-4c32-b877-abfb1ceefd15_13) | 38 |
| [Investment Advisor](#xx_f8e51ae6-f11c-4c32-b877-abfb1ceefd15_13) | 38 |
| [Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes](#xx_f8e51ae6-f11c-4c32-b877-abfb1ceefd15_15) | 40 |
| [Share Price](#xx_f8e51ae6-f11c-4c32-b877-abfb1ceefd15_18) | 43 |
| [Financial Highlights](#xx_3e85afea-ced7-4963-9866-f23fa9210aac_1) | 44 |
| [Investing With Vanguard](#xx_2f4fd9a5-386a-4d20-91d6-d4e3e03b9160_1) | 48 |
| [Purchasing Shares](#xx_2f4fd9a5-386a-4d20-91d6-d4e3e03b9160_1) | 48 |
| [Redeeming Shares](#xx_2f4fd9a5-386a-4d20-91d6-d4e3e03b9160_4) | 51 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Exchanging Shares](#xx_2f4fd9a5-386a-4d20-91d6-d4e3e03b9160_8) | 55 |
| [Frequent-Trading Limitations](#xx_2f4fd9a5-386a-4d20-91d6-d4e3e03b9160_9) | 56 |
| [Other Rules You Should Know](#xx_2f4fd9a5-386a-4d20-91d6-d4e3e03b9160_11) | 58 |
| [Fund and Account Updates](#xx_2f4fd9a5-386a-4d20-91d6-d4e3e03b9160_15) | 62 |
| [Employer-Sponsored Plans](#xx_2f4fd9a5-386a-4d20-91d6-d4e3e03b9160_16) | 63 |
| [Contacting Vanguard](#xx_2f4fd9a5-386a-4d20-91d6-d4e3e03b9160_17) | 64 |
| [Additional Information](#xx_2f4fd9a5-386a-4d20-91d6-d4e3e03b9160_18) | 65 |
| [Glossary of Investment Terms](#xx_4a67c531-6593-4d98-9e97-64e60996c64b_1) | 67 |

---

------

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund seeks to provide current income and some capital appreciation.

**Fees and Expenses**

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

**Shareholder Fees**

(Fees paid directly from your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases |  |
| Purchase Fee |  |
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends |  |
| Redemption Fee |  |
| Account Service Fee Per Year<br> (for certain fund account balances below $1,000,000)<br>| $20 |

---

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management Fees | 0.00% |
| 12b-1 Distribution Fee |  |
| Other Expenses | 0.00% |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.11% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.11%  |

---

------

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $11 | $35 | $62 | $141 |

---

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 26% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds according to an asset allocation strategy that reflects an allocation of approximately 80% of the Fund's assets to fixed income securities and 20% to common stocks. The targeted percentage of the Fund's assets allocated to the underlying asset classes is:

• U.S. fixed income securities 56%

• Foreign fixed income securities 24%

• U.S. stocks 12%

• Foreign stocks 8%

The Fund's indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure). The Fund's indirect stock

------

holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.

**Principal Risks**

The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. However, because fixed income securities such as bonds usually are less volatile than stocks and because the Fund invests most of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund's overall level of risk should be relatively low.

• With a target allocation of approximately 80% of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to bond risks, including the following: *interest rate risk*, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; *credit risk*, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing an underlying fund's return; and *income risk*, which is the chance that an underlying fund's income will decline because of falling interest rates. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund's income may decline because of *call risk*, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond's call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund's income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: *country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and *currency hedging risk*, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund's foreign currency exposure.

• With a target allocation of approximately 20% of its assets in stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to *stock market risk*, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

• The Fund is also subject to *asset allocation risk*, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets

------

to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.

**An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.**

**Annual Total Returns**

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of a relevant market index and a composite bond/stock index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at *vanguard.com/performance* or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

**Annual Total Returns — Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund Investor Shares**

------

![](li088_9.jpg)

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Total Return | Quarter |
| Highest | 6.15% | June 30, 2020 |
| Lowest | -6.93% | June 30, 2022  |

---

------

**Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2022** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| **Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund Investor Shares** |  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -13.93% | 1.20% | 2.77% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | -14.57 | 0.18 | 1.77 |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -8.18 | 0.60 | 1.78 |
| **Income Composite Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -13.66% | 1.48% | 3.01% |
| **Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -13.01 | 0.02 | 1.06 |

---

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned *Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

**Investment Advisor** 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager, Investment Strategy Group, at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2022.

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

------

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website *(vanguard.com)*, by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.

**Payments to Financial Intermediaries** 

The Fund does not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

------

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund seeks to provide current income and low to moderate capital appreciation.

**Fees and Expenses**

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

**Shareholder Fees**

(Fees paid directly from your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases |  |
| Purchase Fee |  |
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends |  |
| Redemption Fee |  |
| Account Service Fee Per Year<br> (for certain fund account balances below $1,000,000)<br>| $20 |

---

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management Fees | 0.00% |
| 12b-1 Distribution Fee |  |
| Other Expenses | 0.00% |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.12% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.12%  |

---

------

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $12 | $39 | $68 | $154 |

---

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 21% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds according to an asset allocation strategy that reflects an allocation of approximately 60% of the Fund's assets to fixed income securities and 40% to common stocks. The targeted percentage of the Fund's assets allocated to the underlying asset classes is:

• U.S. fixed income securities 42%

• U.S. stocks 24%

• Foreign fixed income securities 18%

• Foreign stocks 16%

The Fund's indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure). The Fund's indirect stock

------

holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks.

**Principal Risks**

The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. However, because fixed income securities such as bonds usually are less volatile than stocks and because the Fund invests more than half of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund's overall level of risk should be low to moderate.

• With a target allocation of approximately 60% of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to bond risks, including the following: *interest rate risk*, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; *credit risk*, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing an underlying fund's return; and *income risk*, which is the chance that an underlying fund's income will decline because of falling interest rates. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund's income may decline because of *call risk*, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond's call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund's income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: *country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and *currency hedging risk*, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund's foreign currency exposure.

• With a target allocation of approximately 40% of its assets in stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to *stock market risk*, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: *country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued

------

by companies in foreign countries or regions; and *currency risk*, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

• The Fund is also subject to *asset allocation risk*, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.

**An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.**

**Annual Total Returns**

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite bond/stock index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at *vanguard.com/performance* or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

**Annual Total Returns — Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund Investor Shares**

------

![](lcg088_9.jpg)

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Total Return | Quarter |
| Highest | 9.68% | June 30, 2020 |
| Lowest | -9.05% | June 30, 2022  |

---

------

**Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2022** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| **Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund** <br> **Investor Shares**<br>|  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -14.99% | 2.45% | 4.44% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | -15.71 | 1.38 | 3.38 |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -8.65 | 1.63 | 3.18 |
| **Conservative Growth Composite Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -14.50% | 2.81% | 4.73% |
| **Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -13.01 | 0.02 | 1.06 |
| **Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market Float Adjusted Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -19.53 | 8.65 | 12.03 |

---

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned *Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

**Investment Advisor** 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager, Investment Strategy Group, at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2022.

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

------

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website *(vanguard.com)*, by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.

**Payments to Financial Intermediaries** 

The Fund does not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

------

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and a low to moderate level of current income.

**Fees and Expenses**

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

**Shareholder Fees**

(Fees paid directly from your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases |  |
| Purchase Fee |  |
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends |  |
| Redemption Fee |  |
| Account Service Fee Per Year<br> (for certain fund account balances below $1,000,000)<br>| $20 |

---

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management Fees | 0.00% |
| 12b-1 Distribution Fee |  |
| Other Expenses | 0.00% |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.13% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.13%  |

---

------

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $13 | $42 | $73 | $166 |

---

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 15% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds according to an asset allocation strategy that reflects an allocation of approximately 40% of the Fund's assets to fixed income securities and 60% to common stocks. The targeted percentage of the Fund's assets allocated to the underlying asset classes is:

• U.S. stocks 36%

• U.S. fixed income securities 28%

• Foreign stocks 24%

• Foreign fixed income securities 12%

The Fund's indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks. The Fund's indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized

------

investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).

**Principal Risks**

The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. However, because fixed income securities such as bonds usually are less volatile than stocks and because the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund's overall level of risk should be moderate.

• With a target allocation of approximately 60% of its assets in stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to *stock market risk*, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: *country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and *currency risk*, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. *Country/regional risk* and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

• With a target allocation of approximately 40% of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to bond risks, including the following: *interest rate risk*, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; *credit risk*, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing an underlying fund's return; and *income risk*, which is the chance that an underlying fund's income will decline because of falling interest rates. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund's income may decline because of *call risk*, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond's call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund's income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: *country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities

------

issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and *currency hedging risk*, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund's foreign currency exposure.

• The Fund is also subject to *asset allocation risk*, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.

**An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.**

**Annual Total Returns**

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at *vanguard.com/performance* or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

**Annual Total Returns — Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund Investor Shares**

------

![](lmg088_10.jpg)

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Total Return | Quarter |
| Highest | 13.22% | June 30, 2020 |
| Lowest | -12.89% | March 31, 2020  |

---

------

**Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2022** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| **Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund** <br> **Investor Shares**<br>|  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -16.00% | 3.58% | 6.05% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | -16.63 | 2.58 | 5.10 |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -9.21 | 2.57 | 4.58 |
| **Moderate Growth Composite Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -15.45% | 4.01% | 6.39% |
| **Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -13.01 | 0.02 | 1.06 |
| **Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market Float Adjusted Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -19.53 | 8.65 | 12.03 |

---

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned *Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

**Investment Advisor** 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager, Investment Strategy Group, at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2022.

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

------

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website *(vanguard.com)*, by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.

**Payments to Financial Intermediaries** 

The Fund does not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

------

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and some current income.

**Fees and Expenses**

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

**Shareholder Fees**

(Fees paid directly from your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases |  |
| Purchase Fee |  |
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends |  |
| Redemption Fee |  |
| Account Service Fee Per Year<br> (for certain fund account balances below $1,000,000)<br>| $20 |

---

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management Fees | 0.00% |
| 12b-1 Distribution Fee |  |
| Other Expenses | 0.00% |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.14% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.14%  |

---

------

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $14 | $45 | $79 | $179 |

---

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 8% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds according to an asset allocation strategy that reflects an allocation of approximately 20% of the Fund's assets to fixed income securities and 80% to common stocks. The targeted percentage of the Fund's assets allocated to the underlying asset classes is:

• U.S. stocks 48%

• Foreign stocks 32%

• U.S. fixed income securities 14%

• Foreign fixed income securities 6%

The Fund's indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks. The Fund's indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized

------

investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure).

**Principal Risks**

The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. However, because stocks usually are more volatile than bonds and because the Fund invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund's overall level of risk should be moderate to high.

• With a target allocation of approximately 80% of its assets in stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to *stock market risk*, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: *country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and *currency risk*, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

• With a target allocation of approximately 20% of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to bond risks, including the following: *interest rate risk*, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; *credit risk*, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing an underlying fund's return; and *income risk*, which is the chance that an underlying fund's income will decline because of falling interest rates. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund's income may decline because of *call risk*, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond's call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund's income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: *country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and

------

*currency hedging risk*, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund's foreign currency exposure.

• The Fund is also subject to *asset allocation risk*, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.

**An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.**

**Annual Total Returns**

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of a relevant market index and a composite bond/stock index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at *vanguard.com/performance* or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

**Annual Total Returns — Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund Investor Shares**

------

![](lg088_9.jpg)

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Total Return | Quarter |
| Highest | 16.82% | June 30, 2020 |
| Lowest | -17.60% | March 31, 2020  |

---

------

**Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2022** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| **Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund Investor Shares** |  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -17.09% | 4.64% | 7.60% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | -17.58 | 3.75 | 6.73 |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -9.87 | 3.48 | 5.95 |
| **Growth Composite Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -16.50% | 5.09% | 7.96% |
| **Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market Float Adjusted Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -19.53 | 8.65 | 12.03 |

---

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned *Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

**Investment Advisor** 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz, Ph.D., Portfolio Manager, Investment Strategy Group, at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2022.

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

------

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website *(vanguard.com)*, by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.

**Payments to Financial Intermediaries** 

The Fund does not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

------

**Investing in Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds** 

This prospectus provides information about the Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds, a group of mutual funds that separately invest in a mix of other Vanguard stock and bond mutual funds. Because the Funds invest in other funds, rather than in individual securities, each Fund is considered a fund of funds.

Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds offer four distinct choices for different investment styles and life stages. Because an investor's risk tolerance, investment goals, investment time horizon, and financial circumstances are subject to change over time, Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds offer different strategies for attaining capital growth and income. The allocation to stocks and bonds in each Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund reflects its greater or lesser emphasis on pursuing current income or growth of capital.

------

**More on the Funds** 

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this ![](flag.gif) symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk<sup>®</sup> explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether a Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

---

| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Costs of Investing |
| Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is <br> because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of <br> operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or <br> sells securities. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross <br> income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small <br> differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a <br> fund's performance.<br>|

---

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that each Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Funds' board of trustees, which oversees each Fund's management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. As funds of funds, Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds achieve their investment objectives by investing in other Vanguard mutual funds. Through its investments in underlying funds, each Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund indirectly owns a diversified portfolio of stocks and fixed income securities.

**Asset Allocation Framework** 

Asset allocation—that is, dividing your investment among stocks and fixed income securities—is one of the most critical decisions you can make as an investor. The best mix for you will depend on your personal investment objective, time horizon, and risk tolerance. Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds offer four preset asset allocation strategies, and so provide shareholders with a simple way to meet typical investment needs at different stages of life.

------

Each Fund invests in a mix of underlying Vanguard funds to pursue a target allocation of stocks and fixed income securities. The following table illustrates the targeted asset allocation for each Fund:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **Stocks** | **Bonds** |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund | 20% | 80% |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative <br> Growth Fund<br>| 40% | 60% |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth <br> Fund<br>| 60% | 40% |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund | 80% | 20% |

---

**Market Exposure** 

Each Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund invests in a mix of other Vanguard stock and bond mutual funds. Designed as a balanced fund of funds for long-term investors, each Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund is diversified in terms of both asset class and investment style.

**Stocks** 

By owning shares of underlying funds that hold U.S. stocks, each Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund indirectly invests, to varying degrees, in U.S. stocks, with an emphasis on large-cap stocks. To a lesser extent, each Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund also invests in mid- and small-cap U.S. stocks and foreign stocks.

![](flag.gif)

*Each Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. Each Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions.*

Historically, mid- and small-cap stocks have been more volatile than—and at times have performed quite differently from—large-cap stocks. This volatility is the result of several factors, including the fact that smaller companies often have fewer customers and financial resources than larger firms. These characteristics can make mid-size and small companies more sensitive to economic conditions, leading to less certain growth and dividend prospects.

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market value, or market capitalization, which is the market value of a company's outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no "official" definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. As of the calendar year ended

------

December 31, 2022, the stocks in the underlying domestic equity fund had an asset-weighted median market capitalization of approximately $109.5 billion. The stocks in the underlying international equity fund had an asset-weighted median market capitalization of approximately $29.5 billion.

By owning shares of underlying funds that hold foreign stocks, each Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund is subject to risks associated with investments in foreign stocks.

![](flag.gif)

*Each Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.* 

---

| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About International Investing |
| U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not <br> typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond <br> markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign <br> companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar <br> auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and <br> recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S. <br> government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of <br> similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers, <br> companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to less government <br> supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the United States. <br> Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the United States <br> by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, <br> could impair a fund's ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise <br> transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to foreign <br> securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively affect <br> the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments. <br>|

---

**Fixed Income Securities** 

By owning shares of underlying funds that hold U.S. fixed income securities, each Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund indirectly invests, to varying degrees, in U.S. government, agency, and corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and currency-hedged foreign bonds.

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*Each Fund is subject to interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk should be low for short-term bonds, moderate for intermediate-term bonds, and high for long-term bonds.*

Although fixed income securities (commonly referred to as bonds) are often thought to be less risky than stocks, there have been periods when bond prices have fallen significantly because of rising interest rates. For instance, prices of long-term bonds fell by almost 48% between December 1976 and September 1981.

To illustrate the relationship between bond prices and interest rates, the following table shows the effect of a 1% and a 2% change (both up and down) in interest rates on the values of three noncallable bonds (i.e., bonds that cannot be redeemed by the issuer) of different maturities, each with a face value of $1,000.

**How Interest Rate Changes Affect the Value of a $1,000 Bond**<sup>1</sup>

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Type of Bond (Maturity)** | **After a 1%**<br> ***Increase***<br>| **After a 1%**<br> ***Decrease***<br>| **After a 2%**<br> ***Increase***<br>| **After a 2%**<br> ***Decrease***<br>|
| Short-Term (2.5 years) | $977 | $1024 | $954 | $1049 |
| Intermediate-Term (10 years) | 922 | 1086 | 851 | 1180 |
| Long-Term (20 years) | 874 | 1150 | 769 | 1328 |

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1 Assuming a 4% coupon rate.

These figures are for illustration only; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of the bond market as a whole or the Funds in particular.

Changes in interest rates can affect bond *income* as well as bond *prices*.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Bonds and Interest Rates |
| As a rule, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall. The opposite is also true: <br> Bond prices go up when interest rates fall. Why do bond prices and interest <br> rates move in opposite directions? Let's assume that you hold a bond <br> offering a 4% yield. A year later, interest rates are on the rise and bonds of <br> comparable quality and maturity are offered with a 5% yield. With <br> higher-yielding bonds available, you would have trouble selling your 4% bond <br> for the price you paid—you would probably have to lower your asking price. <br> On the other hand, if interest rates were falling and 3% bonds were being <br> offered, you should be able to sell your 4% bond for more than you paid.<br>|
| *How mortgage-backed securities are different*: In general, declining interest <br> rates will not lift the prices of mortgage-backed securities—such as those <br> guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association—as much as <br> the prices of comparable bonds. Why? Because when interest rates fall, the <br> bond market tends to discount the prices of mortgage-backed securities for <br> prepayment risk—the possibility that homeowners will refinance their <br> mortgages at lower rates and cause the bonds to be paid off prior to <br> maturity. In part to compensate for this prepayment possibility, <br> mortgage-backed securities tend to offer higher yields than other bonds of <br> comparable credit quality and maturity. In contrast, when interest rates rise, <br> prepayments tend to slow down, subjecting mortgage-backed securities to <br> extension risk—the possibility that homeowners will repay their mortgages <br> at slower rates. This will lengthen the duration or average life of <br> mortgage-backed securities held by a fund and delay the fund's ability to <br> reinvest proceeds at higher interest rates, making the fund more sensitive to <br> changes in interest rates.<br>|

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Bond Maturities |
| A bond is issued with a specific maturity date—the date when the issuer <br> must pay back the bond's principal (face value). Bond maturities range from <br> less than 1 year to more than 30 years. Typically, the longer a bond's maturity, <br> the more price risk you, as a bond investor, will face as interest rates <br> rise—but also the higher the potential yield you could receive. Longer-term <br> bonds are generally more suitable for investors willing to take a greater risk <br> of price fluctuations to get higher and more stable interest income. <br> Shorter-term bond investors should be willing to accept lower yields and <br> greater income variability in return for less fluctuation in the value of their <br> investment. The stated maturity of a bond may differ from the effective <br> maturity of a bond, which takes into consideration that an action such as a <br> call or refunding may cause bonds to be repaid before their stated <br> maturity dates.<br>|

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*Each Fund is subject to call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond's call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund's income.*

For mortgage-backed securities, the risk that borrowers (e.g., homeowners) may refinance their mortgages at lower interest rates is known as prepayment risk.

Because the underlying fixed income securities funds invest only a portion of their assets in callable bonds and mortgage-backed securities, call/prepayment risk for each Fund should be low to moderate.

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*Each Fund is subject to credit risk, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing an underlying fund's return.*

The credit quality of most of the fixed income securities held by the underlying funds is expected to be very high, and thus credit risk for the Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds should be low.

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*Each Fund is subject to income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund's income will decline because of falling interest rates. A fund holding bonds will experience a decline in income when interest rates fall because the fund then must invest new cash flow and cash from maturing bonds in lower-yielding bonds. Income risk is generally higher for funds holding short-term bonds and lower for funds holding long-term bonds.*

To a limited extent, the Funds are also indirectly exposed to event risk, which is the chance that corporate fixed income securities held by the underlying funds may suffer a substantial decline in credit quality and market value because of a corporate restructuring.

By owning shares of underlying funds that hold foreign fixed income securities, each Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund is subject to risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds.

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*Each Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency hedging risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies. Currency hedging risk is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by an underlying fund may not perfectly offset the fund's foreign currency exposure.*

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of a Fund's investments and Fund performance.

**Security Selection**

Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing in a mix of underlying Vanguard funds to pursue a target allocation of stocks and fixed income securities. The following table shows the targeted percentages for each Fund.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund** | **Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund** |  |
| **Underlying Asset Class** | Income | &nbsp;&nbsp; Conservative <br> Growth<br>| Moderate Growth | Growth |
| U.S. stocks | 12% | 24% | 36% | 48% |
| Foreign stocks | 8% | 16% | 24% | 32% |
| U.S. fixed income securities | 56% | 42% | 28% | 14% |
| Foreign fixed income securities | 24% | 18% | 12% | 6% |
| Totals | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100%  |

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Vanguard allocates each Fund's assets among the underlying funds based on the Fund's investment objective and policies. These allocations may be changed from time to time without shareholder approval. The Funds' investments in the

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underlying funds may be affected by other factors as well. For example, an underlying fund may stop accepting or may limit additional investments, forcing the Funds to invest in a different underlying fund.

The following paragraphs briefly describe the underlying Vanguard funds in which the Funds currently intend to invest. As of the date of this prospectus, each Fund is invested in Investor Shares of each underlying Vanguard fund. Share class changes may be made without prior notice to shareholders.

• *Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund* seeks to track the performance of the CRSP US Total Market Index, which represents approximately 100% of the investable U.S. stock market and includes large-, mid-, small-, and micro-cap stocks regularly traded on the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq. The fund invests by sampling the Index, meaning that it holds a broadly diversified collection of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the full Index in terms of key characteristics.

• *Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund* seeks to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The Index includes approximately 7,718 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. The Index is most heavily weighted in Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, France, and Switzerland.

• *Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund* seeks to track the performance of the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index by investing in a representative sample of bonds included in the Index. The Index represents a wide spectrum of public, investment-grade, taxable, fixed income securities in the United States—including government, corporate, and international dollar-denominated bonds, as well as mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities—all with maturities of more than 1 year. The fund maintains a dollar-weighted average maturity consistent with that of the Index, which generally ranges between 5 and 10 years.

• *Vanguard Total International Bond II Index Fund* seeks to track the performance of the Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index (USD Hedged) by investing in a representative sample of securities included in the Index. The Index provides a broad-based measure of the global, investment-grade, fixed-rate debt markets. The Index includes government, government agency, corporate, and securitized non-U.S. investment-grade fixed income investments, all issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and with maturities of more than 1 year. The fund maintains a dollar-weighted average maturity consistent with that of the Index, which generally ranges between 5 and 10 years. To minimize the currency risk associated with the fund's

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investment in bonds denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the fund will attempt to hedge its foreign currency exposure.

Through its investments in the underlying index funds, each Vanguard LifeStrategy Fund is subject, to a limited extent, to index sampling risk. Index sampling risk is the chance that the securities selected for an underlying fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the underlying fund's target index.

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*Each Fund is subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause a Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.*

**Other Investment Policies and Risks**

Each underlying fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. In addition, Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds may invest, to a limited extent, in equity and fixed income futures, which are types of derivatives. Each Fund will use futures both to facilitate the periodic rebalancing of the Fund's portfolio to maintain its target asset allocation and to allow the Fund to remain fully invested in accordance with its investment strategies. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Funds and the underlying funds to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. The Funds and the underlying funds will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

**Cash Management** 

Each Fund's daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund and/or Vanguard Municipal Cash Management Fund (each, a CMT Fund), which are low-cost money market funds. When investing in a CMT Fund, each Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

**Redemption Requests**

**Methods used to meet redemption requests.** Under normal circumstances, each Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, each Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund's holdings to meet redemptions, while also

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factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, a Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that each Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor's transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. A Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see "Emergency circumstances" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, a Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

**Potential redemption activity impacts.** At times, a Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders, or multiple shareholders comprising significant ownership of the Fund, redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Large redemptions may cause a Fund to sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so. This may result in a Fund distributing capital gains or other taxable income to non-redeeming shareholders. Large redemptions may also increase a Fund's transaction costs. Redemption activity can occur for many reasons, including shareholder reactions to market movements or other events unrelated to Vanguard's actions, or when Vanguard makes product changes that, for example, may result in a shareholder redeeming shares of a Fund to purchase shares of another similar fund or investment vehicle. When experiencing large redemptions, the Fund reserves the right to pay all or part of the redemption in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

**Temporary Investment Measures**

Each underlying fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the fund's advisor believes that doing so is in the fund's best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the fund's investment objective. For instance, the fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the fund's

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investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

**Frequent Trading or Market-Timing**

**Background.** Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund's shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by *all* fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor's ability to efficiently manage the fund.

**Policies to address frequent trading.** The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the **Investing With Vanguard** section, an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

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• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the **Investing With Vanguard** section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard's transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the *Share Price* section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

**Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.**

**A precautionary note to investment companies:** Each Fund's shares are issued by registered investment companies, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

**Turnover Rate**

Although the Funds generally seek to invest for the long term, each Fund may sell shares of its underlying funds regardless of how long they have been held. The **Financial Highlights** section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Funds. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that a Fund had sold and replaced shares of its underlying funds valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund's return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

**The Funds and Vanguard** 

Each Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

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Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds' marketing costs.

According to an agreement applicable to the Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds and Vanguard, the Funds' direct expenses may be offset for (1) the Funds' contributions to the costs of operating the underlying Vanguard funds in which the Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds invest and (2) certain savings in administrative and marketing costs that Vanguard expects to derive from the Funds' operation.

Accordingly, all expenses for services provided by Vanguard to the Funds and all other expenses incurred by the Fund are expected to be borne by the underlying funds. The Funds' shareholders bear the fees and expenses associated with the Funds' investment in the underlying Vanguard funds.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Vanguard's Unique Corporate Structure |
| Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the <br> shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by <br> management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or <br> private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.<br>|

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**Investment Advisor**

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Funds through its Equity Index Group. Vanguard's Investment Strategy Group establishes and reviews the allocation targets of the Funds and determines whether any changes are required to best enable each Fund to achieve its investment objective. The Equity Index Group implements the asset allocation targets and performs other portfolio management functions for the Funds. As of October 31, 2022, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $5.9 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Funds pursuant to the Funds' Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Funds.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Funds' board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party

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investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Funds' advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. Vanguard may recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Funds have filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Funds may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved each Fund's investment advisory arrangement, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds are:

**Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz,** Ph.D., Portfolio Manager, Investment Strategy Group, at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2007, has worked in investment management since 2010, has managed investment portfolios since 2023, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2023. Education: B.A., Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Ph.D., North Carolina State University.

**Aurélie Denis**, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has been with Vanguard since 2016, has worked in investment management since 2017, has managed investment portfolios since 2023, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2023. Education: B.S., Pennsylvania State University.

**Walter Nejman**, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2005, has worked in investment management since 2008, and has co-managed the fund since February 2022. Education: B.A., Arcadia University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

**Michael R. Roach**, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1998, has worked in investment management since 2005, had previously managed investment portfolios from 2009-2019, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2023. Education: B.S., Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania; M.S., Drexel University.

The Funds' *Statement of Additional Information* provides information about each portfolio manager's compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Funds.

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**Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes**

**Fund Distributions**

Each Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings or received as capital gains distributions from the underlying funds. From time to time, each Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends for the LifeStrategy Income and LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Funds generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; income dividends for the LifeStrategy Moderate Growth and LifeStrategy Growth Funds generally are distributed semiannually in June and December. Capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, each Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year. You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend |
| Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged <br> account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings <br> plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before <br> the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in <br> taxes. This is known as "buying a dividend." For example: On December 15, <br> you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a <br> distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19 <br> (not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = <br> $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you <br> *owe tax* on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in <br> more shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund's distribution schedule <br> before you invest.<br>|

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**Basic Tax Points**

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

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• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on "qualified dividend income," if any, or a special tax deduction on "qualified REIT dividends," if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Funds' normal investment activities and cash flows.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on "net investment income." Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

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**General Information** 

**Backup withholding.** By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

**Foreign investors.** Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Funds offered in this prospectus, are not widely available outside the United States. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at *vanguard.com* for information on Vanguard's non-U.S. products.

**Invalid addresses.** If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

**Share Price** 

Share price, also known as *net asset value* (NAV), is calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The NAV per share is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, of each Fund by the number of Fund shares outstanding. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Funds do not sell or redeem shares. The underlying Vanguard funds in which the Funds invest also do not calculate their NAV on days when the NYSE is closed, but the value of their assets may be affected to the extent that they hold securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

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Each Fund's NAV is calculated based upon the values of the underlying mutual funds in which the Fund invests. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares. The prospectuses for the underlying funds explain the circumstances under which those funds will use fair-value pricing and the effects of doing so.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at *vanguard.com/prices*.

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**Financial Highlights** 

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund's performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund's most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of a fund's latest annual or semiannual report, which is available upon request.

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund** 

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$17.40** | **$16.73** | **$16.24** | **$15.08** | **$15.56** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | .368 | .261 | .393 | .425 | .376 |
| Capital Gain Distributions Received<sup>1</sup> | .046 | .092 |  |  | .002 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | (3.042) | .656 | .501 | 1.284 | (.470) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (2.628) | 1.009 | .894 | 1.709 | (.092) |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (.365) | (.264) | (.401) | (.435) | (.368) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains | (.317) | (.075) | (.003) | (.114) | (.020) |
| Total Distributions | (.682) | (.339) | (.404) | (.549) | (.388) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$14.09** | **$17.40** | **$16.73** | **$16.24** | **$15.08** |
| **Total Return**<sup>2</sup> | **-15.59%** | **6.06%** | **5.60%** | **11.60%** | **-0.63%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $4479 | $6098 | $5603 | $4714 | $4012 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.11% | 0.11% | 0.11% | 0.11% | 0.11% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | 2.34% | 1.51% | 2.39% | 2.72% | 2.43% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate | 26% | 7% | 17% | 6% | 9% |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses <br> provide information about any applicable account service fees.<br>|

---

------

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund** 

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$23.66** | **$21.49** | **$20.79** | **$19.29** | **$19.85** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | .472 | .360 | .488 | .521 | .466 |
| Capital Gain Distributions Received<sup>1</sup> | .044 | .089 |  |  | .002 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | (4.327) | 2.435 | .715 | 1.715 | (.520) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (3.811) | 2.884 | 1.203 | 2.236 | (.052) |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (.471) | (.362) | (.494) | (.531) | (.457) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains | (.508) | (.352) | (.009) | (.205) | (.051) |
| Total Distributions | (.979) | (.714) | (.503) | (.736) | (.508) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$18.87** | **$23.66** | **$21.49** | **$20.79** | **$19.29** |
| **Total Return**<sup>2</sup> | **-16.67%** | **13.57%** | **5.89%** | **11.94%** | **-0.33%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $9899 | $12746 | $10790 | $10473 | $9248 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.12% | 0.12% | 0.12% | 0.12% | 0.12% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | 2.23% | 1.55% | 2.32% | 2.61% | 2.34% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate | 21% | 5% | 23% | 9% | 11% |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses <br> provide information about any applicable account service fees.<br>|

---

------

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund** 

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$34.35** | **$29.27** | **$28.29** | **$26.26** | **$26.90** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | .660 | .528 | .633 | .673 | .616 |
| Capital Gain Distributions Received<sup>1</sup> | .041 | .082 |  |  | .002 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | (6.612) | 5.561 | 1.012 | 2.403 | (.622) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (5.911) | 6.171 | 1.645 | 3.076 | (.004) |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (.655) | (.537) | (.647) | (.684) | (.593) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains | (.654) | (.554) | (.018) | (.362) | (.043) |
| Total Distributions | (1.309) | (1.091) | (.665) | (1.046) | (.636) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$27.13** | **$34.35** | **$29.27** | **$28.29** | **$26.26** |
| **Total Return**<sup>2</sup> | **-17.80%** | **21.38%** | **5.89%** | **12.20%** | **-0.08%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $17718 | $22295 | $17658 | $17282 | $15395 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.13% | 0.13% | 0.13% | 0.13% | 0.13% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | 2.17% | 1.60% | 2.23% | 2.50% | 2.26% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate | 15% | 5% | 21% | 9% | 12% |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses <br> provide information about any applicable account service fees.<br>|

---

------

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund** 

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$45.26** | **$36.15** | **$34.92** | **$32.44** | **$33.11** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | .845 | .705 | .740 | .789 | .742 |
| Capital Gain Distributions Received<sup>1</sup> | .026 | .051 |  |  | .001 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | (9.175) | 9.813 | 1.246 | 3.029 | (.685) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (8.304) | 10.569 | 1.986 | 3.818 | .058 |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (.851) | (.709) | (.749) | (.798) | (.714) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains | (.745) | (.750) | (.007) | (.540) | (.014) |
| Total Distributions | (1.596) | (1.459) | (.756) | (1.338) | (.728) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$35.36** | **$45.26** | **$36.15** | **$34.92** | **$32.44** |
| **Total Return**<sup>2</sup> | **-18.92%** | **29.69%** | **5.74%** | **12.34%** | **0.09%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $17278 | $21449 | $16125 | $15906 | $14140 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.14% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | 2.12% | 1.65% | 2.12% | 2.38% | 2.19% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate | 8% | 4% | 13% | 6% | 10% |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses <br> provide information about any applicable account service fees.<br>|

---

------

**Investing With Vanguard** 

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard or indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services<sup>®</sup>), please see *Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms*, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see *Employer-Sponsored Plans*. Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate "fund account." For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to "you" in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

**Purchasing Shares** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

**Account Minimums** 

**To open and maintain an account.** $3,000. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility.

**To add to an existing account.** Generally $1.

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**How to Initiate a Purchase Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations*, and *Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your purchase request.

**Online.** You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

**How to Pay for a Purchase** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By check.** You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip or by utilizing our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access. Also see *How to Initiate a Purchase Request*. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard — xx). For a list of Fund numbers (for Funds in this prospectus), see *Additional Information.* 

**By exchange.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See *Exchanging Shares*.

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**Trade Date**

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For purchases by **check** into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by **exchange**, **wire**, or **electronic bank transfer** into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by **check** into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

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**Other Purchase Rules You Should Know** 

**Check purchases.** All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler's checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

**New accounts.** We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

**Refused or rejected purchase requests.** Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

**Large purchases.** Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

**Redeeming Shares**

**How to Initiate a Redemption Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations*, and *Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your redemption request.

**Online.** You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

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**How to Receive Redemption Proceeds** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Flagship Select clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

**By exchange.** You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Exchanging Shares*.

**By check**. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated

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disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For redemptions by **check, exchange**, or **wire**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by **electronic bank transfer**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to

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complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by a Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" and "Emergency circumstances."

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Other Redemption Rules You Should Know** 

**Documentation for certain accounts.** Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us *before* attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

**Potentially disruptive redemptions.** Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund's operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us *before* you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations* for information about Vanguard's policies to limit frequent trading.

**Recently purchased shares.** Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

**Address change.** If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

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**Payment to a different person or address.** At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

**Emergency circumstances.** Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

**Exchanging Shares** 

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Purchasing Shares* and *Redeeming Shares*.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order* for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us *before* you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See *Frequent-Trading Limitations* for additional restrictions on exchanges.

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**Frequent-Trading Limitations** 

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund's costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) limits an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard's Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online<sup>®</sup>, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that *shareholders* of Vanguard's funds of funds *are* subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,\* the frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to:

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted*, are* subject to the limitations.)

\* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

**Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)** 

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients' accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client's accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client's purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client's exchange privilege.

**Accounts Held by Intermediaries** 

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary's clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients' trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that

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intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm's materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

**Other Rules You Should Know** 

**Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings** 

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Vanguard.com** 

**Registration.** If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

**Electronic delivery.** Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under "Account Maintenance." You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

**Telephone Transactions** 

**Automatic.** When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, *unless you instruct us otherwise in writing*.

**Proof of a caller's authority.** We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

**Good Order** 

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in "good order." Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard's policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

**Future Trade-Date Requests** 

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in *Purchasing Shares, Redeeming Shares*, and *Exchanging Shares*. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

**Accounts With More Than One Owner** 

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

**Responsibility for Fraud** 

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

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Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

**Uncashed Checks** 

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state's abandoned property law.

**Dormant Accounts** 

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state's abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

**Unusual Circumstances** 

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

**Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms** 

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries* for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

**Account Service Fee** 

Vanguard may charge a $20 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $1,000,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee may be applied to both retirement *and* nonretirement fund accounts and may be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds, regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $20, will be deducted from fund accounts subject to the fee once per calendar year.

Certain account types have alternative fee structures, including SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

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**Low-Balance Accounts** 

Each Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

**Right to Change Policies** 

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

**Account Restrictions** 

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

**Shareholder Rights** 

Each Fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard STAR Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the

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merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application.

**Fund and Account Updates** 

**Confirmation Statements** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, or exchange shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Portfolio Summaries** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, and transfers for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Tax Information Statements** 

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of *vanguard.com* can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

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**Annual and Semiannual Reports** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds twice a year, in June and December. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

• Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.

• Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

**Portfolio Holdings** 

Please consult the Funds' *Statement of Additional Information* or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of a Fund's portfolio holdings.

**Employer-Sponsored Plans** 

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect a Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about a Fund or Vanguard, including those about a Fund's investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at *vanguard.com*.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

**Transactions** 

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan's recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to a Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

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**Contacting Vanguard** 

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Web** |  |
| Vanguard.com | &nbsp;&nbsp; For the most complete source of Vanguard news <br> For fund, account, and service information <br> For most account transactions <br> For literature requests <br> 24 hours a day, 7 days a week<br>|

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Phone** | **Phone** |
| Investor Information 800-662-7447<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For fund and service information<br> For literature requests<br>|
| Client Services 800-662-2739<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information<br> For most account transactions<br>|
| Participant Services 800-523-1188<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for participants in <br> employer-sponsored plans<br>|
| Institutional Division<br> 888-809-8102<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for large institutional <br> investors<br>|
| Financial Advisor and Intermediary<br> Sales Support 800-997-2798<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for financial intermediaries <br> including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust <br> institutions, and insurance companies<br>|
| Financial Advisory and Intermediary <br> Trading Support 800-669-0498<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information and trading support for <br> financial intermediaries including financial advisors, <br> broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance <br> companies<br>|

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**Additional Information**

Each Fund's Bylaws require, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, that the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933. This provision may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp; Inception<br> Date<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Newspaper<br> Abbreviation<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Vanguard<br> Fund Number<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; CUSIP<br> Number<br>|
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income <br> Fund<br>| 9/30/1994 | LifeInc | 723 | 921909206 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy <br> Conservative Growth Fund<br>| 9/30/1994 | LifeCon | 724 | 921909305 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate <br> Growth Fund<br>| 9/30/1994 | LifeMod | 914 | 921909404 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth <br> Fund<br>| 9/30/1994 | LifeGro | 122 | 921909503 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by Standard & Poor's Financial Services, LLC, and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database,©2023 American Bankers Association. "CUSIP" is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

*CFA*<sup>®</sup> is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

"Bloomberg<sup>®</sup>" and Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index ("the Index" or "Bloomberg Index") are service marks of Bloomberg Finance L.P. and its affiliates, including Bloomberg Index Services Limited ("BISL"), the administrator of the Index (collectively, "Bloomberg"), and have been licensed for use for certain purposes by Vanguard.

Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by Bloomberg. Bloomberg does not make any representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of or counterparties to Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds particularly. The only relationship of Bloomberg to Vanguard is the licensing of certain trademarks, trade names and service marks and of the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, which is determined, composed and calculated by BISL without regard to Vanguard or Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds. Bloomberg has no obligation to take the needs of Vanguard or the owners of Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index. Bloomberg is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the timing of, prices at, or quantities of Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds to be issued. Bloomberg shall not have any obligation or liability, including, without limitation, to Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds customers, in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds.

BLOOMBERG DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE BLOOMBERG U.S. AGGREGATE BOND INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO AND SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS OR INTERRUPTIONS THEREIN. BLOOMBERG DOES NOT MAKE ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY VANGUARD, OWNERS OF VANGUARD LIFESTRATEGY FUNDS OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE BLOOMBERG U.S. AGGREGATE BOND INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. BLOOMBERG DOES NOT MAKE ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS

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ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE WITH RESPECT TO THE BLOOMBERG U.S. AGGREGATE BOND INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW, BLOOMBERG, ITS LICENSORS, AND ITS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE EMPLOYEES, CONTRACTORS, AGENTS, SUPPLIERS, AND VENDORS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY WHATSOEVER FOR ANY INJURY OR DAMAGES—WHETHER DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR OTHERWISE—ARISING IN CONNECTION WITH VANGUARD LIFESTRATEGY FUNDS OR BLOOMBERG U.S. AGGREGATE BOND INDEX OR ANY DATA OR VALUES RELATING THERETO—WHETHER ARISING FROM THEIR NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.

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**Glossary of Investment Terms**

**Acquired Fund.** Any mutual fund, business development company, closed-end investment company, or other pooled investment vehicle whose shares are owned by a fund.

**Active Management.** An investment approach that seeks to exceed the average returns of a particular financial market or market segment. In selecting securities to buy and sell, active managers may rely on, among other things, research, market forecasts, quantitative models, and their own judgment and experience.

**Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index.** An index that is the broadest representation of the taxable U.S. bond market, including most U.S. Treasury, agency, corporate, mortgage-backed, asset-backed, and international dollar-denominated issues, all with investment-grade ratings (rated Baa3 or above by Moody's) and maturities of 1 year or more.

**Bond.** A debt security (IOU) issued by a corporation, a government, or a government agency in exchange for the money the bondholder lends it. In most instances, the issuer agrees to pay back the loan by a specific date and generally to make regular interest payments until that date.

**Capital Gains Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

**Common Stock.** A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

**Conservative Growth Composite Index**. Weighted 40% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (with the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index used after December 31, 2009), 35% MSCI US Broad Market Index, 20% Bloomberg U.S. 1–3 Year Credit Bond Index, and 5% MSCI EAFE Index through December 15, 2010; 40% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, 28% MSCI US Broad Market Index, 20% Bloomberg U.S. 1–3 Year Credit Bond Index, and 12% MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index through November 30, 2011; 60% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, 28% MSCI US Broad Market Index, and 12% MSCI ACWI ex USA Investable Market Index (IMI) through June 2, 2013; 48% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, 28% CRSP US Total Market Index, 12% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index, and 12% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index through June 30, 2015; and 42% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, 24% CRSP USTotal Market Index, 18% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index, and 16% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index thereafter. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes.

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**Coupon Rate.** The interest rate paid by the issuer of a debt security until its maturity. It is expressed as an annual percentage of the face value of the security.

**Dividend Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund's investments.

**Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market Float Adjusted Index**. An index that represents the entire U.S. stock market and tracks more than 5,000 stocks, excluding shares of securities not available for public trading.

**Expense Ratio.** A fund's total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund's average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

**Face Value.** The amount to be paid at a bond's maturity; also known as the par value or principal.

**Fixed Income Security.** An investment, such as a bond, representing a debt that must be repaid by a specified date, and on which the borrower may pay a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest.

**Float-Adjusted Index.** An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer's securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

**FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.** An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world's investable market capitalization.

**Fund of Funds.** A fund that pursues its objective by investing in other funds.

**Growth Composite Index**. Weighted 65% MSCI US Broad Market Index, 20% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (with the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index used after December 31, 2009), and 15% MSCI EAFE

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Index through December 15, 2010; 56% MSCI US Broad Market Index, 24% MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index, and 20% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index through June 2, 2013; 56% CRSP US Total Market Index, 24% FTSE Global All Cap ex-US Index, 16% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float-Adjusted Index, and 4% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index through June 30, 2015; and 48% CRSP US Total Market Index, 32% FTSE Global All Cap ex-US Index, 14% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float-Adjusted Index, and 6% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index thereafter. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes.

**Inception Date.** The date on which the assets of a fund are first invested in accordance with the fund's investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

**Income Composite Index**. Weighted 60% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (with the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index used after December 31, 2009), 20% MSCI US Broad Market Index, and 20% Bloomberg U.S. 1–3 Year Credit Bond Index through December 15, 2010; 60% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, 20% Bloomberg U.S. 1–3 Year Credit Bond Index, 14% MSCI US Broad Market Index, and 6% MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index through November 30, 2011; 80% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, 14% MSCI US Broad Market Index, and 6% MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index through June 2, 2013; 64% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, 16% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index, 14% CRSP US Total Market Index, and 6% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index through June 30, 2015; and 56% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, 24% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float 67 Adjusted RIC Capped Index, 12% CRSP US Total Market Index, and 8% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index thereafter. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes.

**Indexing.** A low-cost investment strategy in which a mutual fund attempts to track—rather than outperform—a specified market benchmark, or "index."

**Investment-Grade Bond.** A debt security whose credit quality is considered by independent bond rating agencies, or through independent analysis conducted by a fund's advisor, to be sufficient to ensure timely payment of principal and interest under current economic circumstances. Debt securities rated in one of the four highest rating categories are considered investment-grade. Other debt securities may be considered by an advisor to be investment-grade.

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**Joint Committed Credit Facility.** Each Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Funds' board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

**Median Market Capitalization.** An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund's stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund's assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund's assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

**Moderate Growth Composite Index**. Weighted 50% MSCI US Broad Market Index, 40% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (with the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index used after December 31, 2009), and 10% MSCI EAFE Index through December 15, 2010; 42% MSCI US Broad Market Index, 40% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, and 18% MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index through June 2, 2013; 42% CRSP US Total Market Index, 32% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, 18% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, and 8% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index through June 30, 2015; and 36% CRSP US Total Market Index, 28% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, 24% FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, and 12% Bloomberg Global Aggregate ex-USD Float Adjusted RIC Capped Index thereafter. International stock benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes.

**Mutual Fund.** An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

**New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).** A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

**Principal.** The face value of a debt instrument or the amount of money put into an investment.

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**Return of Capital.** A return of capital occurs when a fund's distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund's shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

**Securities.** Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

**Total Return.** A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund's net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

**Volatility.** The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund's volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

**Yield.** Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment's price.

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**Connect with Vanguard**<sup>®</sup> ˃ vanguard.com

**For More Information** 

If you would like more information about Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds, the following documents are available free upon request:

**Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders** 

Additional information about the Funds' investments is available in the Funds' annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds' performance during their last fiscal year.

**Statement of Additional Information (SAI)** 

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Funds or other Vanguard funds, please visit *vanguard.com* or contact us as follows:

*If you are an individual investor:*

Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

*If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan:*

*Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people*

*with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273* 

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department

Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

**Information Provided by the SEC** 

Reports and other information about the Funds are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC's website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Funds' Investment Company Act file number: 811-03919© 2023 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 088 022023

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

Vanguard STAR<sup>®</sup> Fund

Prospectus

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;February 27, 2023

**Investor Shares** 

Vanguard STAR Fund Investor Shares (VGSTX)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

**The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

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**Contents**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Fund Summary](#xx_7bef047d-122d-4473-bf60-1ff93fc264c3_1) | 1 |
| [More on the Fund](#xx_1707129a-b9e3-45b4-a190-1604c2aa3729_1) | 7 |
| [The Fund and Vanguard](#xx_1707129a-b9e3-45b4-a190-1604c2aa3729_14) | 20 |
| [Investment Advisor](#xx_1707129a-b9e3-45b4-a190-1604c2aa3729_15) | 21 |
| [Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes](#xx_1707129a-b9e3-45b4-a190-1604c2aa3729_16) | 22 |
| [Share Price](#xx_1707129a-b9e3-45b4-a190-1604c2aa3729_19) | 25 |
| [Financial Highlights](#xx_09277022-52c8-4993-9a1d-f4660713a793_1) | 26 |
| [Investing With Vanguard](#xx_83e38b57-44c7-438e-a921-f8e65b22a2d6_1) | 27 |
| [Purchasing Shares](#xx_83e38b57-44c7-438e-a921-f8e65b22a2d6_1) | 27 |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Redeeming Shares](#xx_83e38b57-44c7-438e-a921-f8e65b22a2d6_4) | 30 |
| [Exchanging Shares](#xx_83e38b57-44c7-438e-a921-f8e65b22a2d6_8) | 34 |
| [Frequent-Trading Limitations](#xx_83e38b57-44c7-438e-a921-f8e65b22a2d6_9) | 35 |
| [Other Rules You Should Know](#xx_83e38b57-44c7-438e-a921-f8e65b22a2d6_11) | 37 |
| [Fund and Account Updates](#xx_83e38b57-44c7-438e-a921-f8e65b22a2d6_15) | 41 |
| [Employer-Sponsored Plans](#xx_83e38b57-44c7-438e-a921-f8e65b22a2d6_16) | 42 |
| [Contacting Vanguard](#xx_0bc588f4-317f-40ae-8aab-0b3a153688b9_1) | 44 |
| [Additional Information](#xx_0bc588f4-317f-40ae-8aab-0b3a153688b9_1) | 44 |
| [Glossary of Investment Terms](#xx_79df0190-abd3-4a8b-8af2-2e8c1575f3ad_1) | 45 |

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**Fund Summary**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income.

**Fees and Expenses**

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

**Shareholder Fees**

(Fees paid directly from your investment)

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases |  |
| Purchase Fee |  |
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends |  |
| Redemption Fee |  |
| Account Service Fee Per Year<br> (for certain fund account balances below $1,000,000)<br>| $20 |

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**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management Fees | 0.00% |
| 12b-1 Distribution Fee |  |
| Other Expenses | 0.00% |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.31% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.31%  |

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Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $32 | $100 | $174 | $393 |

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Portfolio Turnover

The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 12% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

As a fund of funds, Vanguard STAR Fund invests in a diversified portfolio of other Vanguard mutual funds, rather than in individual securities. The Fund follows a balanced investment approach by investing 60% to 70% of its assets in common stocks through seven stock funds; 20% to 30% of its assets in bonds through two bond funds; and 10% to 20% of its assets in short-term investments through a short-term bond fund. Through the underlying funds, Vanguard STAR Fund owns a diversified mix of stocks and bonds. The Fund's stock holdings emphasize large-capitalization stocks of domestic companies and, to a lesser extent, a diversified group of stocks in companies located outside the United States. The Fund's bond holdings focus predominantly on short- and long-term investment-grade corporate bonds and GNMA mortgage-backed securities.

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**Principal Risks**

The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. However, because stock and bond prices can move in different directions or to different degrees, the Fund's bond and short-term investment holdings may counteract some of the volatility experienced by the Fund's stock holdings. The Fund's balanced portfolio, in the long run, should result in less investment risk—but a lower investment return—than that of a fund investing exclusively in common stocks.

• With 60% to 70% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to *stock market risk*, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. Investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: *currency risk*, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates; and *country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area.

• With its remaining assets allocated to bonds and short-term investments, the Fund is proportionately subject to *bond risks*, including: *interest rate risk*, which is the chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates; *credit risk*, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund's return; *income risk*, which is the chance that an underlying fund's income will decline because of falling interest rates; *liquidity risk*, which is the chance that an underlying fund may not be able to sell a security in a timely manner at a desired price; and *extension risk*, which is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt securities will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated, and the value of those securities may fall, or the underlying fund's ability to reinvest repayment proceeds at higher interest rates may be delayed. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund's income may decline because of *call risk*, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupons or interest

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rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond's call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund's income. For mortgage-backed securities, this risk is known as *prepayment risk*.

• The Fund is also subject to *asset allocation risk*, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.

• The Fund is also subject to *manager risk*, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause one or more of the Fund's actively managed underlying funds—and, thus, the Fund itself—to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.

**An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.**

**Annual Total Returns**

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of a relevant market index and composite stock/bond benchmarks, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The STAR Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard weighted 43.75% MSCI U.S. Broad Market Index, 25% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, 12.5% Bloomberg U.S. 1-5 Year Credit Bond Index, and 18.75% MSCI ACWI ex USA Index. MSCI international benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The STAR Composite Average is based on data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, and is weighted 43.75% general equity funds average, 25% fixed income funds average, 12.5% 1-5 year investment-grade funds average, and 18.75% international funds average. Returns for the STAR Composite Average are derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at *vanguard.com/performance* or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

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**Annual Total Returns — Vanguard STAR Fund Investor Shares**

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![](s56_9.jpg)

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Total Return | Quarter |
| Highest | 16.69% | June 30, 2020 |
| Lowest | -13.02% | March 31, 2020 |

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**Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2022** 

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| **Vanguard STAR Fund Investor Shares** |  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -17.99% | 4.78% | 7.24% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | -19.66 | 2.91 | 5.61 |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -9.73 | 3.46 | 5.45 |
| **STAR Composite Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -14.81% | 4.81% | 6.87% |
| **Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market Float Adjusted Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)<br>| -19.53 | 8.65 | 12.03 |
| **STAR Composite Average**<br> (reflects no deduction for taxes)<br>| -21.91 | 1.88 | 4.90 |

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Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned *Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

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Portfolio Managers

Aurélie Denis, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2013.

Michael R. Roach, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2023.

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website *(vanguard.com)*, by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Investor Shares is $1,000. The minimum investment required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.

**Payments to Financial Intermediaries** 

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

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**More on the Fund** 

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this ![](flag.gif) symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk<sup>®</sup> explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Costs of Investing |
| Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is <br> because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of <br> operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or <br> sells securities. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross <br> income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small <br> differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a <br> fund's performance.<br>|

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The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund's board of trustees, which oversees the Fund's management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. As a fund of funds, Vanguard STAR Fund achieves its investment objective by investing in other Vanguard mutual funds. Through its investments in underlying funds, Vanguard STAR Fund indirectly owns a diversified portfolio of stocks and bonds.

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|:---|
| Plain Talk About Balanced Funds |
| Balanced funds are generally investments that seek to provide some <br> combination of income and capital appreciation by investing in a mix of <br> stocks and bonds. Because prices of stocks and bonds can respond <br> differently to economic events and influences, a balanced fund should <br> experience less volatility than a fund investing exclusively in stocks. <br>|

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**Market Exposure**

**Stocks** 

Through seven underlying Vanguard funds, Vanguard STAR Fund indirectly invests 60% to 70% of its assets in stocks. These stock investments are designed to provide long-term capital appreciation and some income. The underlying stock funds are described later in this section under "Security Selection."

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***The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions.***

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company's outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no "official" definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. As of the calendar year ended December 31, 2022, the stocks of the underlying domestic equity funds had an asset-weighted median market capitalization of approximately $91 billion. The stocks of the underlying international equity funds had an asset-weighted median market capitalization of approximately $36 billion.

By owning shares of the underlying stock funds, Vanguard STAR Fund indirectly owns a diversified mixture of common stocks. Although its indirect stock holdings are predominantly large-cap, the Fund has significant exposure to mid-cap stocks and some exposure to small-cap stocks. Historically, mid- and small-cap stocks have been more volatile than—and at times have performed quite differently from—large-cap stocks. This volatility is the result of several factors, including the fact that smaller companies often have fewer customers and financial resources than larger firms. These characteristics can make mid-size and small companies more sensitive to economic conditions, leading to less certain growth and dividend prospects.

Through its investments in underlying Vanguard funds that invest in foreign stocks, the Fund is subject to *country/regional risk* and *currency risk*. *Country/regional risk* is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of

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securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. *Currency risk* is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

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|:---|
| Plain Talk About International Investing |
| U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not <br> typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond <br> markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign <br> companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar <br> auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and <br> recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S. <br> government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of <br> similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers, <br> companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to less government <br> supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the United States. <br> Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the United States <br> by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, <br> could impair a fund's ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise <br> transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to foreign <br> securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively affect <br> the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.<br>|

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**Bonds and Short-Term Fixed Income Investments** 

Through two underlying Vanguard funds, Vanguard STAR Fund indirectly invests 20% to 30% of its assets in long-term investment-grade corporate bonds and intermediate-term GNMA mortgage-backed securities. Through these investments, the Fund seeks to provide a high level of current income with less price volatility than would be expected from the stock portion of its holdings. The underlying bond funds are described later in this section under "Security Selection."

Through one underlying Vanguard fund, Vanguard STAR Fund indirectly invests 10% to 20% of its assets in a variety of high-quality and, to a lesser extent, medium-quality fixed income securities, mainly short- and intermediate-term investment-grade securities. These investments also include, to a limited extent, non-investment-grade securities (commonly known as "junk bonds") and unrated fixed income securities, as well as U.S. dollar-hedged foreign bonds. From this investment, the Fund seeks to obtain current income and to moderate overall volatility. The underlying short-term bond fund is described later in this section under "Security Selection."

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|:---|
| Plain Talk About Types of Bonds |
| Bonds are issued (sold) by many sources: Corporations issue corporate <br> bonds; the federal government issues U.S. Treasury bonds; agencies of the <br> federal government issue agency bonds; financial institutions issue <br> asset-backed bonds; and mortgage holders issue "mortgage-backed" <br> pass-through certificates. Each issuer is responsible for paying back the <br> bond's initial value as well as for making periodic interest payments. Many <br> bonds issued by government agencies and entities are neither guaranteed <br> nor insured by the U.S. government.<br>|

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***The Fund is subject to interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk should be low for short-term bonds, moderate for intermediate-term bonds, and high for long-term bonds.***

Although fixed income securities (commonly referred to as bonds) are often thought to be less risky than stocks, there have been periods when bond prices have fallen significantly because of rising interest rates. For instance, prices of long-term bonds fell by almost 48% between December 1976 and September 1981.

To illustrate the relationship between bond prices and interest rates, the following table shows the effect of a 1% and a 2% change (both up and down) in interest rates on the values of three noncallable bonds (i.e., bonds that cannot be redeemed by the issuer) of different maturities, each with a face value of $1,000.

**How Interest Rate Changes Affect the Value of a $1,000 Bond**<sup>1</sup>

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Type of Bond (Maturity)** | **After a 1%**<br> ***Increase***<br>| **After a 1%**<br> ***Decrease***<br>| **After a 2%**<br> ***Increase***<br>| **After a 2%**<br> ***Decrease***<br>|
| Short-Term (2.5 years) | $977 | $1024 | $954 | $1049 |
| Intermediate-Term (10 years) | 922 | 1086 | 851 | 1180 |
| Long-Term (20 years) | 874 | 1150 | 769 | 1328 |

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1 Assuming a 4% coupon rate.

These figures are for illustration only; you should not regard them as an indication of future performance of the bond market as a whole or the Fund in particular.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Bonds and Interest Rates |
| As a rule, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall. The opposite is also true: <br> Bond prices go up when interest rates fall. Why do bond prices and interest <br> rates move in opposite directions? Let's assume that you hold a bond <br> offering a 4% yield. A year later, interest rates are on the rise and bonds of <br> comparable quality and maturity are offered with a 5% yield. With <br> higher-yielding bonds available, you would have trouble selling your 4% bond <br> for the price you paid—you would probably have to lower your asking price. <br> On the other hand, if interest rates were falling and 3% bonds were being <br> offered, you should be able to sell your 4% bond for more than you paid.<br>|
| *How mortgage-backed securities are different*: In general, declining interest <br> rates will not lift the prices of mortgage-backed securities—such as those <br> guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association—as much as <br> the prices of comparable bonds. Why? Because when interest rates fall, the <br> bond market tends to discount the prices of mortgage-backed securities for <br> prepayment risk—the possibility that homeowners will refinance their <br> mortgages at lower rates and cause the bonds to be paid off prior to <br> maturity. In part to compensate for this prepayment possibility, <br> mortgage-backed securities tend to offer higher yields than other bonds of <br> comparable credit quality and maturity. In contrast, when interest rates rise, <br> prepayments tend to slow down, subjecting mortgage-backed securities to <br> extension risk—the possibility that homeowners will repay their mortgages <br> at slower rates. This will lengthen the duration or average life of <br> mortgage-backed securities held by a fund and delay the fund's ability to <br> reinvest proceeds at higher interest rates, making the fund more sensitive to <br> changes in interest rates.<br>|

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|:---|
| Plain Talk About Bond Maturities |
| A bond is issued with a specific maturity date—the date when the issuer <br> must pay back the bond's principal (face value). Bond maturities range from <br> less than 1 year to more than 30 years. Typically, the longer a bond's maturity, <br> the more price risk you, as a bond investor, will face as interest rates <br> rise—but also the higher the potential yield you could receive. Longer-term <br> bonds are generally more suitable for investors willing to take a greater risk <br> of price fluctuations to get higher and more stable interest income. <br> Shorter-term bond investors should be willing to accept lower yields and <br> greater income variability in return for less fluctuation in the value of their <br> investment. The stated maturity of a bond may differ from the effective <br> maturity of a bond, which takes into consideration that an action such as a <br> call or refunding may cause bonds to be repaid before their stated <br> maturity dates.<br>|

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***The Fund is subject to credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer's ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund's return.*** 

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Credit Quality |
| A bond's credit quality rating is an assessment of the issuer's ability to pay <br> interest on the bond and, ultimately, to repay the principal. The lower the <br> credit quality, the greater the perceived chance that the bond issuer will <br> default, or fail to meet its payment obligations. All things being equal, the <br> lower a bond's credit quality, the higher its yield should be to compensate <br> investors for assuming additional risk.<br>|

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The credit quality of most of the bonds held by the underlying funds is expected to be high, so credit risk for Vanguard STAR Fund should be low.

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***The Fund is subject to income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund's income will decline because of falling interest rates. A fund holding bonds will experience a decline in income when interest rates fall because the fund then must invest new cash flow and cash from maturing bonds in lower-yielding bonds. Income risk is generally higher for funds holding short-term bonds and lower for funds holding long-term bonds.*** 

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The underlying short-term bond fund is subject to a high level of income risk. However, because Vanguard STAR Fund invests 10% to 20% of its assets in this fund, income risk for the Fund should be low.

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***The Fund is subject to liquidity risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund may not be able to sell a security in a timely manner at a desired price.***

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***The Fund is subject to call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond's call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund's income. For mortgage-backed securities, this risk is known as prepayment risk.***

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***The Fund is subject to extension risk, which is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt securities will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated, and the value of those securities may fall. For underlying funds that invest in mortgage-backed securities, extension risk is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, homeowners will repay their mortgages at slower rates. This will lengthen the duration or average life of mortgage-backed securities held by the underlying fund and delay the underlying fund's ability to reinvest proceeds at higher interest rates.***

The Fund's bond and short-term investment holdings help to reduce—but not eliminate—the stock market volatility experienced by the Fund. Likewise, changes in interest rates may not have as dramatic an effect on the Fund as they would on a fund made up entirely of bonds. The Fund's balanced portfolio, in the long run, should result in less investment risk—but a lower investment return—than that of a fund investing exclusively in common stocks.

**Market Disruptions**

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund's investments and Fund performance.

**Security Selection**

Vanguard STAR Fund is a fund of funds, which means that it achieves its objective by investing in a combination of other mutual funds rather than in individual securities.

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The Fund's board of trustees allocates the Fund's assets among the three asset classes (stocks, bonds, and short-term investments) through the underlying funds. The trustees may authorize the Fund to invest in additional Vanguard funds without shareholder approval. Generally, the Fund invests 60% to 70% of its assets in stock funds, 20% to 30% in bond funds, and 10% to 20% in short-term investments. Although these allocations may shift from time to time, stocks can be expected to represent at least 60% of the Fund's holdings at any given time. Within any asset class, the trustees may increase or decrease the percentage of assets invested in any particular fund without advance notice to shareholders.

The underlying Vanguard funds are managed according to traditional methods of active investment management. This means that securities are bought and sold according to the advisors' judgments about companies and their financial prospects, issuers of bonds and money market instruments, and the general level of interest rates.

**Stocks**

As of October 31, 2022, Vanguard STAR Fund invested in the following stock funds, in approximately the percentages indicated. As of the date of this prospectus, the Fund invested in Investor Shares of each underlying Vanguard Fund. Share class changes may be made without prior notice to shareholders.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| • Vanguard Windsor™ II Fund | 14.6% |
| • Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund | 12% |
| • Vanguard International Value Fund | 9.8% |
| • Vanguard International Growth Fund | 8.5% |
| • Vanguard Windsor Fund | 8.2% |
| • Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund | 6.4% |
| • Vanguard Explorer™ Fund | 3.9% |

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Vanguard International Value Fund, Vanguard Windsor Fund, and Vanguard Windsor II Fund are value-oriented stock funds, chosen primarily for their potential for long-term capital appreciation, as well as for their secondary objective of providing some dividend income.

• *Vanguard International Value Fund* invests mainly in common stocks of companies located outside the United States that are considered by the fund's advisors to be undervalued. The fund invests in large-, mid-, and small-capitalization companies and is expected to diversify its assets across countries in developed and emerging markets.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• *Vanguard Windsor Fund* and *Vanguard Windsor II Fund* invest mainly in large- and mid-capitalization companies whose stocks are considered by the funds' advisors to be undervalued. These stocks typically have below-average prices in relation to measures such as earnings and book value.

Vanguard Explorer Fund, Vanguard International Growth Fund, Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund, and Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund are growth-oriented stock funds. These funds are held by Vanguard STAR Fund primarily to provide long-term capital appreciation. They work in different ways to achieve this goal.

• *Vanguard Explorer Fund* invests mainly in the stocks of small and mid-size companies. These companies tend to be unseasoned but are considered by the fund's advisors to have superior growth potential. These companies often provide little or no dividend income.

• *Vanguard International Growth Fund* invests predominantly in the stocks of companies located outside the United States. In selecting stocks, the fund's advisors evaluate foreign markets around the world and choose large-, mid-, and small-capitalization companies considered to have above-average growth potential.

• *Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund* invests in stocks considered to have above-average earnings growth potential that is not reflected in their current market prices. The fund's portfolio consists predominantly of large- and mid-capitalization stocks.

• *Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund* invests mainly in large-capitalization stocks of U.S. companies considered to have above-average earnings growth potential and reasonable stock prices in comparison with expected earnings.

**Bonds** 

As of October 31, 2022, Vanguard STAR Fund invested in the following bond funds, in approximately the percentages indicated:

• Vanguard GNMA Fund 12.5%

• Vanguard Long-Term Investment-Grade Fund 11.6%

Both bond funds seek to provide a high level of current income and to preserve investors' principal. They work toward this goal, however, in different ways.

• Vanguard GNMA Fund invests at least 80% of its assets in Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) pass-through certificates, which are fixed income securities representing part ownership in a pool of mortgage loans supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The balance of the fund's assets may be invested in other types of securities such as U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government agency securities, including pass-through certificates, as well as in repurchase agreements collateralized by such securities. The fund's

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dollar-weighted average maturity depends on homeowner prepayments of the underlying mortgages, and it will normally fall within an intermediate-term range (3 to 10 years).

• Vanguard Long-Term Investment-Grade Fund invests in a variety of high-quality and, to a lesser extent, medium-quality fixed income securities, mainly long-term investment-grade securities. The fund's dollar-weighted average maturity is expected to fall within a range that is five years shorter than or five years longer than that of its benchmark index.

**Short-Term Fixed Income Investments** 

To satisfy its policy of allocating 10% to 20% of assets to short-term investments, Vanguard STAR Fund invested approximately 12.5% of its assets in Vanguard Short-Term Investment-Grade Fund as of October 31, 2022.

• *Vanguard Short-Term Investment-Grade Fund* invests in a variety of high-quality and, to a lesser extent, medium-quality fixed income securities, mainly short-term investment-grade securities. The fund is expected to maintain a dollar-weighted average maturity of 1 to 4 years.

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***The Fund is subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocatin of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective.***

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***The Fund is subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause one or more of the Fund's actively managed underlying funds—and, thus, the Fund itself—to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective.***

**Other Investment Policies and Risks**

Each underlying fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. In addition, Vanguard STAR Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in stock and bond futures, which are types of derivatives. The Fund will use futures both to facilitate the periodic rebalancing of the Fund's portfolio to maintain its target asset allocation and to allow the Fund to remain fully invested in accordance with its investment strategies. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund and the underlying funds to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in

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the underlying securities or assets. The Fund and the underlying funds will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

**Cash Management** 

The Fund's daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund and/or Vanguard Municipal Cash Management Fund (each, a CMT Fund), which are low-cost money market funds. When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

**Redemption Requests**

**Methods used to meet redemption requests.** Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund's holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor's transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see "Emergency circumstances" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

**Potential redemption activity impacts.** At times, the Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders, or multiple shareholders comprising significant ownership of the Fund, redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Large redemptions may cause the Fund to sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so. This may result in the Fund distributing capital gains or other taxable income to non-redeeming shareholders. Large redemptions may also increase the Fund's transaction costs. Redemption activity can occur for many reasons, including shareholder

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reactions to market movements or other events unrelated to Vanguard's actions, or when Vanguard makes product changes that, for example, may result in a shareholder redeeming shares of the Fund to purchase shares of another similar fund or investment vehicle. When experiencing large redemptions, the Fund reserves the right to pay all or part of the redemption in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

**Temporary Investment Measures**

Each underlying fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with its normal investment policies and strategies—for instance, by allocating substantial assets to cash equivalent investments or other less volatile instruments— in response to adverse or unusual market, economic, political, or other conditions. In doing so, the underlying fund may succeed in avoiding losses but may otherwise fail to achieve its investment objective, which in turn may prevent Vanguard STAR Fund from achieving its investment objective.

**Frequent Trading or Market-Timing**

**Background.** Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund's shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by *all* fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor's ability to efficiently manage the fund.

**Policies to address frequent trading.** The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund

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shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the **Investing With Vanguard** section, an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the **Investing With Vanguard** section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard's transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the *Share Price* section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

**Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.**

**A precautionary note to investment companies:** The Fund's shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

**Turnover Rate**

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, the Fund may sell shares of the underlying funds regardless of how long they have been held. The **Financial Highlights** section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund

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had sold and replaced shares of the underlying funds valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund's return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

**The Fund and Vanguard** 

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds' marketing costs.

According to an agreement applicable to Vanguard STAR Fund and Vanguard, the Fund's direct expenses may be offset by (1) the Fund's contributions to the costs of operating the underlying funds in which the Fund invests and (2) certain savings in administrative and marketing costs that Vanguard expects to derive from the Fund's operation.

Since its inception, the Fund, in fact, has incurred no direct net expenses. Accordingly, all expenses for services provided by Vanguard to the Fund and all other expenses incurred by the Fund are expected to be borne by the underlying funds. The Fund's shareholders bear the fees and expenses associated with the Fund's investment in the underlying funds.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Vanguard's Unique Corporate Structure |
| Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the <br> shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by <br> management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or <br> private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve. <br>|

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**Investment Advisor**

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group for the purpose of investing the Fund's cash in futures and mutual funds, allocating cash flows, and evaluating if the Fund needs to rebalance on a day-to-day basis. As of October 31, 2022, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $5.9 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds' Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

The Fund's board of trustees decides how to allocate its assets among the underlying funds, which employ multiple advisors. None of these advisors performs investment advisory services for Vanguard STAR Fund; as such, the advisors for the underlying funds are not paid investment advisory fees by Vanguard STAR Fund. These advisors are, however, paid investment advisory fees by the underlying funds. For additional information on the advisors, please refer to each underlying fund's prospectus.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund's board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund's advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund's sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund's investment advisory arrangement, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

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**Aurélie Denis,** CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has been with Vanguard since 2016, has worked in investment management since 2017, has managed investment portfolios since 2023, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2023. Education: B.S., Pennsylvania State University.

**Walter Nejman,** Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2005. He has worked in investment management since 2008, and has co-managed the Fund since 2013. Education: B.A., Arcadia University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

**Michael R. Roach,** Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1998, has worked in investment management since 2005, had previously managed investment portfolios from 2009-2019, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2023. Education: B.S., Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania; M.S., Drexel University.

The Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* provides information about each portfolio manager's compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

**Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes**

**Fund Distributions**

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings or received as capital gains distributions from the underlying funds. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed semiannually in June and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

**Basic Tax Points**

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on "qualified dividend income," if any, or a special tax deduction on "qualified REIT dividends," if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities and cash flows.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on "net investment income." Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend |
| Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged <br> account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings <br> plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before <br> the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in <br> taxes. This is known as "buying a dividend." For example: On December 15, <br> you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a <br> distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19 <br> (not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = <br> $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you <br> *owe tax* on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in <br> more shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund's distribution schedule <br> before you invest.<br>|

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**General Information** 

**Backup withholding.** By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

**Foreign investors.** Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Fund offered in this prospectus, are not widely available outside the United States. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at *vanguard.com* for information on Vanguard's non-U.S. products.

**Invalid addresses.** If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

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**Share Price** 

Share price, also known as *net asset value* (NAV), is calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The NAV per share is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, of the Fund by the number of Fund shares outstanding. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. The underlying Vanguard funds in which the Fund invests also do not calculate their NAV on days when the NYSE is closed, but the value of their assets may be affected to the extent that they hold securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

The Fund's NAV is calculated based upon the values of the underlying mutual funds in which the Fund invests. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by the Fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares held by the Fund are based on the market value of the shares. The prospectuses for the underlying funds explain the circumstances under which those funds will use fair-value pricing and the effects of doing so.

Each Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell funds shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at *vanguard.com/prices*.

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**Financial Highlights** 

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund's performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund's most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of a fund's latest annual or semiannual report, which is available upon request.

**Vanguard STAR Fund** 

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$34.17** | **$29.01** | **$27.51** | **$26.10** | **$27.15** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | .464 | .395 | .515 | .576 | .537 |
| Capital Gain Distributions Received<sup>1</sup> | 1.827 | .960 | .797 | 1.177 | .711 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | (9.076) | 5.846 | 1.816 | 1.310 | (1.070) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (6.785) | 7.201 | 3.128 | 3.063 | .178 |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (.449) | (.405) | (.544) | (.613) | (.514) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains | (1.706) | (1.636) | (1.084) | (1.040) | (.714) |
| Total Distributions | (2.155) | (2.041) | (1.628) | (1.653) | (1.228) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$25.23** | **$34.17** | **$29.01** | **$27.51** | **$26.10** |
| **Total Return**<sup>2</sup> | **-21.07%** | **25.52%** | **11.75%** | **12.72%** | **0.54%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $21004 | $28992 | $23531 | $22225 | $20798 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.31% | 0.31% | 0.31% | 0.31% | 0.31% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | 1.61% | 1.21% | 1.87% | 2.20% | 1.98% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate | 12% | 9% | 26% | 14% | 11% |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses <br> provide information about any applicable account service fees.<br>|

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**Investing With Vanguard** 

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard or indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services<sup>®</sup>), please see *Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms*, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see *Employer-Sponsored Plans.* Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate "fund account." For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to "you" in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

**Purchasing Shares** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

**Account Minimums** 

**To open and maintain an account.** $1,000. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility.

**To add to an existing account.** Generally $1.

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**How to Initiate a Purchase Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations*, and *Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your purchase request.

**Online.** You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

**How to Pay for a Purchase** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By check.** You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip or by utilizing our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access. Also see *How to Initiate a Purchase Request*. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (Vanguard—56).

**By exchange.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See *Exchanging Shares*.

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**Trade Date**

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For purchases by **check** into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by **exchange**, **wire**, or **electronic bank transfer** into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by **check** into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by a Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

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**Other Purchase Rules You Should Know** 

**Check purchases.** All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler's checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

**New accounts.** We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

**Refused or rejected purchase requests.** Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

**Large purchases.** Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

**Redeeming Shares**

**How to Initiate a Redemption Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations*, and *Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your redemption request.

**Online.** You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

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**How to Receive Redemption Proceeds** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Flagship Select clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

**By exchange.** You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Exchanging Shares*.

**By check**. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated

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disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For redemptions by **check, exchange**, or **wire**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by **electronic bank transfer**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to

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complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" and "Emergency circumstances."

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Other Redemption Rules You Should Know** 

**Documentation for certain accounts.** Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us *before* attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

**Potentially disruptive redemptions.** Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund's operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us *before* you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations* for information about Vanguard's policies to limit frequent trading.

**Recently purchased shares.** Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

**Share certificates.** Share certificates are no longer issued for Vanguard funds. Shares currently held in certificates cannot be redeemed, exchanged, or transferred (reregistered) until you return the certificates (unsigned) to Vanguard by registered mail.

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**Address change.** If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

**Payment to a different person or address.** At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

**Emergency circumstances.** Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

**Exchanging Shares** 

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Purchasing Shares* and *Redeeming Shares*.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order* for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us *before* you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

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Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See *Frequent-Trading Limitations* for additional restrictions on exchanges.

**Frequent-Trading Limitations** 

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund's costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) limits an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard's Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online<sup>®</sup>, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that *shareholders* of Vanguard's funds of funds *are* subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,\* the frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted*, are* subject to the limitations.)

\* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

**Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)** 

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients' accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client's accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client's purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client's exchange privilege.

**Accounts Held by Intermediaries** 

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares

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by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary's clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients' trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm's materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

**Other Rules You Should Know** 

**Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings** 

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Vanguard.com** 

**Registration.** If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

**Electronic delivery.** Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under "Account Maintenance." You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

**Telephone Transactions** 

**Automatic.** When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, *unless you instruct us otherwise in writing*.

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**Proof of a caller's authority.** We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

**Good Order** 

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in "good order." Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard's policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

**Future Trade-Date Requests** 

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in *Purchasing Shares, Redeeming Shares*, and *Exchanging Shares*. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

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**Accounts With More Than One Owner** 

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

**Responsibility for Fraud** 

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

**Uncashed Checks** 

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state's abandoned property law.

**Dormant Accounts** 

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state's abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

**Unusual Circumstances** 

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

**Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms** 

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries* for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

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**Account Service Fee** 

Vanguard may charge a $20 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $1,000,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee may be applied to both retirement *and* nonretirement fund accounts and may be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds, regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $20, will be deducted from fund accounts subject to the fee once per calendar year.

Certain account types have alternative fee structures, including SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

**Low-Balance Accounts** 

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

**Right to Change Policies** 

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

**Account Restrictions** 

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to

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protect vulnerable investors; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

**Shareholder Rights** 

The Fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard STAR Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application.

**Fund and Account Updates** 

**Confirmation Statements** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, or exchange shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Portfolio Summaries** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, and transfers for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact

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Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Tax Information Statements** 

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of *vanguard.com* can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Annual and Semiannual Reports** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard STAR Fund twice a year, in June and December. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

• Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.

• Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

**Portfolio Holdings** 

Please consult the Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings.

**Employer-Sponsored Plans** 

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund's investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at *vanguard.com*.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

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Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

**Transactions** 

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan's recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

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**Contacting Vanguard** 

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Web** |  |
| Vanguard.com | &nbsp;&nbsp; For the most complete source of Vanguard news <br> For fund, account, and service information <br> For most account transactions <br> For literature requests <br> 24 hours a day, 7 days a week<br>|

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Phone** | **Phone** |
| Investor Information 800-662-7447<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For fund and service information<br> For literature requests<br>|
| Client Services 800-662-2739<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information<br> For most account transactions<br>|
| Participant Services 800-523-1188<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for participants in <br> employer-sponsored plans<br>|
| Institutional Division<br> 888-809-8102<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for large institutional <br> investors<br>|
| Financial Advisor and Intermediary<br> Sales Support 800-997-2798<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for financial intermediaries <br> including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust <br> institutions, and insurance companies<br>|
| Financial Advisory and Intermediary <br> Trading Support 800-669-0498<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information and trading support for <br> financial intermediaries including financial advisors, <br> broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance <br> companies<br>|

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**Additional Information**

The Fund's Bylaws require, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, that the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933. This provision may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp; Inception<br> Date<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Newspaper<br> Abbreviation<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Vanguard<br> Fund Number<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; CUSIP<br> Number<br>|
| **Vanguard STAR Fund** | 3/29/1985 | STAR | 56 | 921909107 |

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CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by Standard & Poor's Financial Services, LLC, and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database,©2023 American Bankers Association. "CUSIP" is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

*CFA*<sup>®</sup> is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

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**Glossary of Investment Terms**

**Acquired Fund.** Any mutual fund, business development company, closed-end investment company, or other pooled investment vehicle whose shares are owned by a fund.

**Bond.** A debt security (IOU) issued by a corporation, a government, or a government agency in exchange for the money the bondholder lends it. In most instances, the issuer agrees to pay back the loan by a specific date and generally to make regular interest payments until that date.

**Capital Gains Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

**Cash Equivalent Investments.** Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker's acceptances.

**Common Stock.** A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

**Coupon Rate.** The interest rate paid by the issuer of a debt security until its maturity. It is expressed as an annual percentage of the face value of the security.

**Dividend Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund's investments.

**Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market Float Adjusted Index**. An index that represents the entire U.S. stock market and tracks more than 5,000 stocks, excluding shares of securities not available for public trading.

**Duration.** A measure of the sensitivity of bond—and bond fund—prices to interest rate movements. For example, if a bond has a duration of two years, its price would fall by approximately 2% when interest rates rise by 1%. On the other hand, the bond's price would rise by approximately 2% when interest rates fall by 1%.

**Expense Ratio.** A fund's total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund's average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

**Face Value.** The amount to be paid at a bond's maturity; also known as the par value or principal.

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**Fixed Income Security.** An investment, such as a bond, representing a debt that must be repaid by a specified date, and on which the borrower may pay a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest.

**Fund of Funds.** A fund that pursues its objective by investing in other funds.

**Inception Date.** The date on which the assets of a fund are first invested in accordance with the fund's investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

**Investment-Grade Bond.** A debt security whose credit quality is considered by independent bond rating agencies, or through independent analysis conducted by a fund's advisor, to be sufficient to ensure timely payment of principal and interest under current economic circumstances. Debt securities rated in one of the four highest rating categories are considered investment-grade. Other debt securities may be considered by an advisor to be investment-grade.

**Joint Committed Credit Facility.** The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund's board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

**Median Market Capitalization.** An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund's stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund's assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund's assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

**MSCI EAFE Index.** An index that tracks approximately 1,000 stocks from more than 20 developed markets in Europe and the Pacific Rim.

**Mutual Fund.** An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

**New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).** A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

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**Principal.** The face value of a debt instrument or the amount of money put into an investment.

**Return of Capital.** A return of capital occurs when a fund's distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund's shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

**Securities.** Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

**Total Return.** A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund's net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

**Volatility.** The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund's volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

**Yield.** Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment's price.

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

**Connect with Vanguard**<sup>®</sup> ˃ vanguard.com

**For More Information** 

If you would like more information about Vanguard STAR Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

**Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders** 

Additional information about the Fund's investments is available in the Fund's annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year.

**Statement of Additional Information (SAI)** 

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit *vanguard.com* or contact us as follows:

*If you are an individual investor:*

Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

*If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan:*

Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department

Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

**Information Provided by the SEC** 

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC's website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund's Investment Company Act file number: 811-03919© 2023 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 056 022023

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Prospectus

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;February 27, 2023

**Investor Shares** 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Investor Shares (VGTSX)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

**The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**Contents**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Fund Summary](#xx_08af3c4c-c521-4d4b-9629-1fa9b2b5bfea_1) | 1 |
| [Investing in Index Funds](#xx_ae9525f4-2de4-442a-b1e6-965ec823135e_1) | 7 |
| [More on the Fund](#xx_5a28e7f8-66fa-42d6-98d4-3511fc2fdbba_1) | 8 |
| [The Fund and Vanguard](#xx_5a28e7f8-66fa-42d6-98d4-3511fc2fdbba_9) | 16 |
| [Investment Advisor](#xx_5a28e7f8-66fa-42d6-98d4-3511fc2fdbba_10) | 17 |
| [Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes](#xx_5a28e7f8-66fa-42d6-98d4-3511fc2fdbba_11) | 18 |
| [Share Price](#xx_5a28e7f8-66fa-42d6-98d4-3511fc2fdbba_14) | 21 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Financial Highlights](#xx_a99f6936-8658-4c84-bb48-90dca99f6497_1) | 23 |
| [Investing With Vanguard](#xx_6461d026-8e2a-4cba-a48d-c84a6c1e1d77_1) | 24 |
| [Purchasing Shares](#xx_6461d026-8e2a-4cba-a48d-c84a6c1e1d77_1) | 24 |
| [Converting Shares](#xx_6461d026-8e2a-4cba-a48d-c84a6c1e1d77_4) | 27 |
| [Redeeming Shares](#xx_6461d026-8e2a-4cba-a48d-c84a6c1e1d77_6) | 29 |
| [Exchanging Shares](#xx_6461d026-8e2a-4cba-a48d-c84a6c1e1d77_10) | 33 |
| [Frequent-Trading Limitations](#xx_6461d026-8e2a-4cba-a48d-c84a6c1e1d77_10) | 33 |
| [Other Rules You Should Know](#xx_6461d026-8e2a-4cba-a48d-c84a6c1e1d77_13) | 36 |
| [Fund and Account Updates](#xx_6461d026-8e2a-4cba-a48d-c84a6c1e1d77_17) | 40 |
| [Employer-Sponsored Plans](#xx_6461d026-8e2a-4cba-a48d-c84a6c1e1d77_18) | 41 |
| [Contacting Vanguard](#xx_855a9dd0-91da-40c2-9de5-3f6779956f0e_1) | 43 |
| [Additional Information](#xx_855a9dd0-91da-40c2-9de5-3f6779956f0e_1) | 43 |
| [Glossary of Investment Terms](#xx_667673bf-aaaa-432c-b25f-6e71099a702f_1) | 45 |

---

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**Fund Summary**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States.

**Fees and Expenses**

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Investor Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

**Shareholder Fees**

(Fees paid directly from your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases |  |
| Purchase Fee |  |
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends |  |
| Redemption Fee |  |
| Account Service Fee Per Year<br> (for certain fund account balances below $1,000,000)<br>| $20 |

---

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management Fees | 0.15% |
| 12b-1 Distribution Fee |  |
| Other Expenses | 0.02% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.17%  |

---

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Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund's Investor Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. These examples assume that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $17 | $55 | $96 | $217 |

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Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The Index includes approximately 7,718 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. As of October 31, 2022, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, France, and Switzerland (which made up approximately 15.4%, 10.1%, 8.1%, 7.1%, 6.5%, and 6%, respectively, of the Index's market capitalization). The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in its target index.

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**Principal Risks**

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund's share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund's performance:

• *Stock market risk*, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund's target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• *Investment style risk*, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.

• *Country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• *Currency risk*, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• *Emerging markets risk*, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• *Index replicating risk*, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

**An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.** 

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**Annual Total Returns**

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund's Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of the Fund's target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Spliced Total International Stock Index reflects the performance of the MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index through June 2, 2013, and the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index thereafter. FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at *vanguard.com/performance* or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

**Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Investor Shares**

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![](tis113_8.jpg)

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Total Return | Quarter |
| Highest | 18.08% | June 30, 2020 |
| Lowest | -24.33% | March 31, 2020  |

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**Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2022** 

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund** <br> **Investor Shares**<br>|  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -16.05% | 1.04% | 3.99% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | -16.63 | 0.34 | 3.25 |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -9.08 | 0.77 | 3.05 |
| **Spliced Total International Stock Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)<br>| -16.10% | 1.10% | 4.20% |
| **FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)<br>| -16.10 | 1.10 | 4.18 |

---

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned *Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

**Investment Advisor** 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016).

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website *(vanguard.com)*, by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). Investor Shares are generally available only to Vanguard funds that operate as funds of funds and to certain retirement plan clients that receive recordkeeping services from Vanguard. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact

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Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.

**Payments to Financial Intermediaries** 

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

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**Investing in Index Funds** 

**What Is Indexing?** 

Indexing is an investment strategy for tracking the performance of a specified market benchmark, or "index." An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. There are many types of indexes. Some represent entire markets—such as the U.S. stock market or the U.S. bond market. Other indexes cover market segments—such as small-capitalization stocks or short-term bonds. One cannot invest directly in an index.

The index sponsor determines the securities to include in the index and the weighting of each security in the index. Under normal circumstances, the index sponsor will rebalance an index on a regular schedule. An index sponsor may carry out additional ad hoc index rebalances or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance. Generally, the index sponsor does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of either the target index or its related data. Errors made by the index sponsor may occur from time to time and may not be identified by the index sponsor for a period of time or at all. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses, or costs associated with the index sponsor's errors will generally be borne by the index fund and its shareholders.

An index fund seeks to hold all, or a representative sample, of the securities that make up its target index. Index funds attempt to mirror the performance of the target index, for better or worse. However, an index fund generally does not perform *exactly* like its target index. For example, index funds have operating expenses and transaction costs. Market indexes do not, and therefore they will usually have a slight performance advantage over funds that track them. The ability of an index fund to match its performance to that of its target index can also be impacted by, among other things, the timing and size of cash flows, asset valuation differences, and the size of the fund. Market disruptions could also have an adverse effect on a fund's ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the index. The risk that a fund may not track the performance of its target index may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

Index funds typically have the following characteristics:

• *Variety of investments*. Depending on a fund's benchmark index, the fund may invest in the securities of a variety of companies, industries, and/or governments or government agencies.

• *Relative performance consistency*. Because they seek to track market benchmarks, index funds usually do not perform dramatically better or worse than their benchmarks.

• *Low cost*. Index funds are generally inexpensive to run compared with actively managed funds. They have low or no research costs and typically keep trading activity—and thus brokerage commissions and other transaction costs—to a minimum compared with actively managed funds.

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**More on the Fund** 

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this ![](flag.gif) symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk<sup>®</sup> explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

**Share Class Overview**

This prospectus offers the Fund's Investor Shares. Separate prospectuses offer the Fund's Admiral™ Shares, which generally have an investment amount of $3,000, and Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million or $100 million, respectively. Another prospectus offers the Fund's Institutional Select Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $3 billion. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes have different expenses; as a result, their investment returns will differ.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Fund Expenses |
| All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are <br> deducted from a fund's gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the <br> net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated <br> in the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard Total International Stock Index <br> Fund Investor Shares' expense ratio would be: 0.17%, or $1.70 per $1,000 of <br> average net assets. The average expense ratio for international funds in 2021 <br> was 1.23%, or $12.30 per $1,000 of average net assets (derived from data <br> provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which reports on the <br> mutual fund industry).<br>|

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Costs of Investing |
| Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is <br> because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of <br> operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or <br> sells securities. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross <br> income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small <br> differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a <br> fund's performance.<br>|

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The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund's board of trustees, which oversees the Fund's management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund's investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days' notice to shareholders.

**Market Exposure** 

The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks included in the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About International Investing |
| U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not <br> typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond <br> markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign <br> companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar <br> auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and <br> recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S. <br> government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of <br> similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers, <br> companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to less government <br> supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the United States. <br> Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the United States <br> by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, <br> could impair a fund's ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise <br> transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to foreign <br> securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively affect <br> the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.<br>|

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![](flag.gif)

***The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund's target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.***

![](flag.gif)

***The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.*** 

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![](flag.gif)

***The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.***

The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks held in the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. As of October 31, 2022, the approximate allocation of the Index was as follows: 39% in the European region, 27% in the Pacific region, 25% in emerging markets, and 8% in North America. The Index includes stocks of small-, mid-, and large-capitalization companies. As of October 31, 2022, the Index had an asset-weighted median market capitalization of $26.7 billion.

![](flag.gif)

***The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.***

**Market Disruptions**

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund's investments and Fund performance.

**Security Selection**

The Fund uses the replication method of indexing, meaning that the Fund generally holds the same stocks as those in its target index, and in approximately the same proportions.

The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country, but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold

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depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund's portfolio.

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*The Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index*.***

The ability of the advisor to purchase or dispose of certain Fund investments is or may be restricted or impaired because of limitations imposed by law, regulation, or by certain regulators or issuers. As a result, the advisor may be required to limit purchases or sell existing investments. If a Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer, then the Fund may seek to obtain regulatory relief or ownership waivers. Other options a Fund may pursue include seeking to obtain economic exposure to that issuer through alternative means, such as through a derivative or through investment in a wholly owned subsidiary, both of which may be more costly than owning securities of the issuer directly. Ownership restrictions and limitations could result in unanticipated tax consequences to a Fund that may affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders. See *Other Investment Policies and Risks* for further information related to derivatives.

**Other Investment Policies and Risks**

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund's agreement with the sponsor of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund's board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

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The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund's securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

**Cash Management** 

The Fund's daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund and/or Vanguard Municipal Cash Management Fund (each, a CMT Fund), which are low-cost money market funds. When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

**Redemption Requests**

**Methods used to meet redemption requests.** Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund's holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor's transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see "Emergency circumstances" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

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**Potential redemption activity impacts.** At times, the Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders, or multiple shareholders comprising significant ownership of the Fund, redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Large redemptions may cause the Fund to sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so. This may result in the Fund distributing capital gains or other taxable income to non-redeeming shareholders. Large redemptions may also increase the Fund's transaction costs. Redemption activity can occur for many reasons, including shareholder reactions to market movements or other events unrelated to Vanguard's actions, or when Vanguard makes product changes that, for example, may result in a shareholder redeeming shares of the Fund to purchase shares of another similar fund or investment vehicle. When experiencing large redemptions, the Fund reserves the right to pay all or part of the redemption in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

**Temporary Investment Measures**

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund's best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund's investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund's investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

**Frequent Trading or Market-Timing**

**Background.** Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund's shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by *all* fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor's ability to efficiently manage the fund.

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**Policies to address frequent trading.** The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the **Investing With Vanguard** section, an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the **Investing With Vanguard** section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard's transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the *Share Price* section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

**Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.**

**A precautionary note to investment companies:** The Fund's shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment

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companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

**Turnover Rate**

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. Because of this, the turnover rate for the Fund has been very low. The **Financial Highlights** section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund's return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

**The Fund and Vanguard** 

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds' marketing costs.

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|:---|
| Plain Talk About Vanguard's Unique Corporate Structure |
| Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the <br> shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by <br> management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or <br> private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve. <br>|

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**Investment Advisor**

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2022, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $5.9 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds' Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of less than 0.01% of the Fund's average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund's board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund's advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund's sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund's investment advisory arrangement, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

**Christine D. Franquin,** Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed the Fund since 2017. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

**Michael Perre,** Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., Saint Joseph's University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

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The *Statement of Additional Information* provides information about each portfolio manager's compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

**Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes**

**Fund Distributions**

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status.

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|:---|
| Plain Talk About Distributions |
| As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund's income from <br> interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund's sale of <br> investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from <br> any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any for higher prices than <br> it paid for them. These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, <br> depending on whether the fund held the securities for one year or less or for <br> more than one year. <br>|

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**Basic Tax Points**

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on "qualified dividend income," if any, or a special tax deduction on "qualified REIT dividends," if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities and cash flows.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of *different* funds is a *taxable* event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on "net investment income." Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

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Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of a Fund's foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

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|:---|
| Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend |
| Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged <br> account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings <br> plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before <br> the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in <br> taxes. This is known as "buying a dividend." For example: On December 15, <br> you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a <br> distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19 <br> (not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = <br> $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you <br> *owe tax* on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in <br> more shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund's distribution schedule <br> before you invest.<br>|

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**General Information** 

**Backup withholding.** By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

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**Foreign investors.** Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Fund offered in this prospectus, are not widely available outside the United States. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at *vanguard.com* for information on Vanguard's non-U.S. products.

**Invalid addresses.** If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

**Share Price** 

Share price, also known as *net asset value* (NAV), is calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund's assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their *market value* when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its *fair value* (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including

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institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund's pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund's pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund's pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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**Financial Highlights** 

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund's performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund's most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of a fund's latest annual or semiannual report, which is available upon request.

**Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Investor Shares** 

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$20.86** | **$16.39** | **$17.13** | **$15.91** | **$17.91** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | .548 | .506 | .389 | .524 | .500 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on <br> Investments<br>| (5.613) | 4.464 | (.718) | 1.186 | (2.016) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (5.065) | 4.970 | (.329) | 1.710 | (1.516) |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (.595) | (.500) | (.411) | (.490) | (.484) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Distributions | (.595) | (.500) | (.411) | (.490) | (.484) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$15.20** | **$20.86** | **$16.39** | **$17.13** | **$15.91** |
| **Total Return**<sup>2</sup> | **-24.70%** | **30.45%** | **-1.93%** | **10.98%** | **-8.71%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $148776 | $199230 | $155670 | $148795 | $126319 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets | 0.17%<sup>3</sup> | 0.17% | 0.17% | 0.17% | 0.17% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net <br> Assets<br>| 3.03% | 2.49% | 2.39% | 3.19% | 2.81% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate<sup>4</sup> | 5% | 8% | 7% | 4% | 3% |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses <br> provide information about any applicable account service fees.<br>|
| 3 | The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements <br> was 0.17%.<br>|
| 4 | Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of <br> the fund's capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.<br>|

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**Investing With Vanguard** 

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard or indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services<sup>®</sup>), please see *Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms*, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate "fund account." For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to "you" in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

**Purchasing Shares** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

**Account Minimums for Investor Shares** 

Investor Shares are generally available only to Vanguard funds that operate as funds of funds and to certain retirement plan clients that receive recordkeeping services from Vanguard.

**How to Initiate a Purchase Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations*, and *Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your purchase request.

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**Online.** You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

**How to Pay for a Purchase** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By check.** You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip or by utilizing our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access. Also see *How to Initiate a Purchase Request*. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—113).

**By exchange.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See *Exchanging Shares*.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days

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that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For purchases by **check** into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by **exchange**, **wire**, or **electronic bank transfer** into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by **check** into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Other Purchase Rules You Should Know** 

**Check purchases.** All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler's checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

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**New accounts.** We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

**Refused or rejected purchase requests.** Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

**Large purchases.** Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

**Converting Shares** 

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the "new" shares you receive equals the dollar value of the "old" shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a *nontaxable* event.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In

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the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See *Other Rules You Should Know*.

**Conversions to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares** 

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or you may contact Vanguard by telephone or by mail to request this transaction. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares will not be automatically converted.

**Conversions to Institutional Select Shares** 

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Select Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), through a trading platform, by mail, or by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Select Shares will not be automatically converted.

**Conversions to ETF Shares** 

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

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ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class** 

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify the investor in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

**Redeeming Shares**

**How to Initiate a Redemption Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations*, and *Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your redemption request.

**Online.** You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

**How to Receive Redemption Proceeds** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if

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eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Flagship Select clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

**By exchange.** You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Exchanging Shares*.

**By check**. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

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For redemptions by **check, exchange**, or **wire**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by **electronic bank transfer**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

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If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" and "Emergency circumstances."

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Other Redemption Rules You Should Know** 

**Documentation for certain accounts.** Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us *before* attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

**Potentially disruptive redemptions.** Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund's operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us *before* you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations* for information about Vanguard's policies to limit frequent trading.

**Recently purchased shares.** Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

**Address change.** If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

**Payment to a different person or address.** At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional

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documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

**Emergency circumstances.** Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

**Exchanging Shares** 

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Purchasing Shares* and *Redeeming Shares*.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order* for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us *before* you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See *Frequent-Trading Limitations* for additional restrictions on exchanges.

**Frequent-Trading Limitations** 

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund's costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other

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than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) limits an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard's Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online<sup>®</sup>, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that *shareholders* of Vanguard's funds of funds *are* subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,\* the frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

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• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted*, are* subject to the limitations.)

\* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

**Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)** 

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients' accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client's accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client's purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client's exchange privilege.

**Accounts Held by Intermediaries** 

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary's clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients' trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that

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intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm's materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

**Other Rules You Should Know** 

**Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings** 

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Vanguard.com** 

**Registration.** If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

**Electronic delivery.** Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under "Account Maintenance." You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

**Telephone Transactions** 

**Automatic.** When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, *unless you instruct us otherwise in writing*.

**Proof of a caller's authority.** We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

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• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

**Good Order** 

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in "good order." Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard's policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

**Future Trade-Date Requests** 

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in *Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares*, and *Exchanging Shares*. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

**Accounts With More Than One Owner** 

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

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**Responsibility for Fraud** 

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

**Uncashed Checks** 

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state's abandoned property law.

**Dormant Accounts** 

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state's abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

**Unusual Circumstances** 

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

**Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms** 

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries* for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

**Account Service Fee** 

Vanguard may charge a $20 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $1,000,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee may be applied to both retirement *and* nonretirement fund accounts and may be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds,

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regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $20, will be deducted from fund accounts subject to the fee once per calendar year.

Certain account types have alternative fee structures, including SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

**Low-Balance Accounts** 

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

**Right to Change Policies** 

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

**Account Restrictions** 

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

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**Share Classes** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

**Shareholder Rights** 

The Fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard STAR Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application.

**Fund and Account Updates** 

**Confirmation Statements** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Portfolio Summaries** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important

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that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Tax Information Statements** 

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of *vanguard.com* can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Annual and Semiannual Reports** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund twice a year, in June and December. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

• Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.

• Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

**Portfolio Holdings** 

Please consult the Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings.

**Employer-Sponsored Plans** 

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund's investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at *vanguard.com*.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

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Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

**Transactions** 

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan's recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

------

**Contacting Vanguard** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Web** |  |
| Vanguard.com | &nbsp;&nbsp; For the most complete source of Vanguard news <br> For fund, account, and service information <br> For most account transactions <br> For literature requests <br> 24 hours a day, 7 days a week<br>|

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Phone** | **Phone** |
| Investor Information 800-662-7447<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For fund and service information<br> For literature requests<br>|
| Client Services 800-662-2739<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information<br> For most account transactions<br>|
| Participant Services 800-523-1188<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for participants in <br> employer-sponsored plans<br>|
| Institutional Division<br> 888-809-8102<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for large institutional <br> investors<br>|
| Financial Advisor and Intermediary<br> Sales Support 800-997-2798<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for financial intermediaries <br> including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust <br> institutions, and insurance companies<br>|
| Financial Advisory and Intermediary <br> Trading Support 800-669-0498<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information and trading support for <br> financial intermediaries including financial advisors, <br> broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance <br> companies<br>|

---

**Additional Information**

The Fund's Bylaws require, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, that the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933. This provision may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp; Inception<br> Date<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Newspaper<br> Abbreviation<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Vanguard<br> Fund Number<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; CUSIP<br> Number<br>|
| **Vanguard Total International** <br> **Stock Index Fund**<br>|  |  |  |  |
| Investor Shares | 4/29/1996 | TotIntl | 113 | 921909602 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by Standard & Poor's Financial Services, LLC, and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database,©2023 American Bankers Association. "CUSIP" is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

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London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited ("FTSE"), Frank Russell Company ("Russell"), MTS Next Limited ("MTS"), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. ("FTSE TMX"). All rights reserved. "FTSE<sup>®</sup>", "Russell<sup>®</sup>", "MTS<sup>®</sup>", "FTSE TMX<sup>®</sup>" and "FTSE Russell" and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies' index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

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**Glossary of Investment Terms**

**Capital Gains Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

**Common Stock.** A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

**Dividend Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund's investments.

**Expense Ratio.** A fund's total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund's average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

**Float-Adjusted Index.** An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer's securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

**FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.** An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world's investable market capitalization.

**Inception Date.** The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund's investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

**Indexing.** A low-cost investment strategy in which a mutual fund attempts to track—rather than outperform—a specified market benchmark, or "index."

**Joint Committed Credit Facility.** The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund's board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

------

**Median Market Capitalization.** An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund's stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund's assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund's assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

**MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI.** A float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States.

**Mutual Fund.** An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

**New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).** A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

**Return of Capital.** A return of capital occurs when a fund's distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund's shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

**Securities.** Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

**Total Return.** A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund's net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

**Volatility.** The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund's volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

**Yield.** Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment's price.

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

**Connect with Vanguard**<sup>®</sup> ˃ vanguard.com

**For More Information** 

If you would like more information about Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

**Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders** 

Additional information about the Fund's investments is available in the Fund's annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year.

**Statement of Additional Information (SAI)** 

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit *vanguard.com* or contact us as follows:

*If you are an individual investor:*

The Vanguard Group

Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

*If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan:*

Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people

with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department

Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

**Information Provided by the SEC** 

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC's website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund's Investment Company Act file number: 811-03919© 2023 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 113 022023

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Prospectus

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;February 27, 2023

**Admiral™ Shares** 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares (VTIAX)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

**The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**Contents**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Fund Summary](#xx_fd8fd0a6-4524-4cf1-9a87-b2608600afe1_1) | 1 |
| [Investing in Index Funds](#xx_99fe203f-ddac-4b31-9d71-9e709946fe96_1) | 7 |
| [More on the Fund](#xx_20c67c56-8ed0-48e5-96fb-a3b2a9efe54b_1) | 8 |
| [The Fund and Vanguard](#xx_20c67c56-8ed0-48e5-96fb-a3b2a9efe54b_9) | 16 |
| [Investment Advisor](#xx_20c67c56-8ed0-48e5-96fb-a3b2a9efe54b_10) | 17 |
| [Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes](#xx_20c67c56-8ed0-48e5-96fb-a3b2a9efe54b_11) | 18 |
| [Share Price](#xx_20c67c56-8ed0-48e5-96fb-a3b2a9efe54b_14) | 21 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Financial Highlights](#xx_c2ffe2d1-f9a6-40ca-b2ed-2ac9073f5dbd_1) | 23 |
| [Investing With Vanguard](#xx_722763a0-fc6a-4df1-bc99-6980e86b2579_1) | 24 |
| [Purchasing Shares](#xx_722763a0-fc6a-4df1-bc99-6980e86b2579_1) | 24 |
| [Converting Shares](#xx_722763a0-fc6a-4df1-bc99-6980e86b2579_4) | 27 |
| [Redeeming Shares](#xx_722763a0-fc6a-4df1-bc99-6980e86b2579_6) | 29 |
| [Exchanging Shares](#xx_722763a0-fc6a-4df1-bc99-6980e86b2579_10) | 33 |
| [Frequent-Trading Limitations](#xx_722763a0-fc6a-4df1-bc99-6980e86b2579_11) | 34 |
| [Other Rules You Should Know](#xx_722763a0-fc6a-4df1-bc99-6980e86b2579_13) | 36 |
| [Fund and Account Updates](#xx_722763a0-fc6a-4df1-bc99-6980e86b2579_17) | 40 |
| [Employer-Sponsored Plans](#xx_722763a0-fc6a-4df1-bc99-6980e86b2579_18) | 41 |
| [Contacting Vanguard](#xx_3a22ac37-1f4c-48cd-b2df-6fba307882d5_1) | 43 |
| [Additional Information](#xx_3a22ac37-1f4c-48cd-b2df-6fba307882d5_1) | 43 |
| [Glossary of Investment Terms](#xx_b2d405eb-e295-4061-95db-32139caa7b34_1) | 45 |

---

------

**Fund Summary**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States.

**Fees and Expenses**

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Admiral Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

**Shareholder Fees**

(Fees paid directly from your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases |  |
| Purchase Fee |  |
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends |  |
| Redemption Fee |  |
| Account Service Fee Per Year<br> (for certain fund account balances below $1,000,000)<br>| $20 |

---

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management Fees | 0.10% |
| 12b-1 Distribution Fee |  |
| Other Expenses | 0.01% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.11%  |

---

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Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund's Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. These examples assume that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $11 | $35 | $62 | $141 |

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Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund's performance. During the period ended April 30, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The Index includes approximately 7,718 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. As of October 31, 2022, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, France, and Switzerland (which made up approximately 15.4%, 10.1%, 8.1%, 7.1%, 6.5%, and 6%, respectively, of the Index's market capitalization). The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in its target index.

**Principal Risks**

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund's share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund's performance:

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• *Stock market risk*, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund's target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• *Investment style risk*, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.

• *Country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• *Currency risk*, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• *Emerging markets risk*, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• *Index replicating risk*, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

**An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.** 

------

**Annual Total Returns**

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund's Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares compare with those of the Fund's target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Spliced Total International Stock Index reflects the performance of the MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index through June 2, 2013, and the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index thereafter. FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at *vanguard.com/performance* or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

**Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares**

------

![](tis569_4.jpg)

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Total Return | Quarter |
| Highest | 18.11% | June 30, 2020 |
| Lowest | -24.30% | March 31, 2020  |

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**Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2022** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund** <br> **Admiral Shares**<br>|  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -16.01% | 1.09% | 4.06% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | -16.60 | 0.38 | 3.30 |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -9.04 | 0.81 | 3.10 |
| **Spliced Total International Stock Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)<br>| -16.10% | 1.10% | 4.20% |
| **FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)<br>| -16.10 | 1.10 | 4.18 |

---

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Admiral Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned *Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

**Investment Advisor** 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016).

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website *(vanguard.com)*, by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Admiral Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should

------

contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.

**Payments to Financial Intermediaries** 

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

------

**Investing in Index Funds** 

**What Is Indexing?** 

Indexing is an investment strategy for tracking the performance of a specified market benchmark, or "index." An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. There are many types of indexes. Some represent entire markets—such as the U.S. stock market or the U.S. bond market. Other indexes cover market segments—such as small-capitalization stocks or short-term bonds. One cannot invest directly in an index.

The index sponsor determines the securities to include in the index and the weighting of each security in the index. Under normal circumstances, the index sponsor will rebalance an index on a regular schedule. An index sponsor may carry out additional ad hoc index rebalances or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance. Generally, the index sponsor does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of either the target index or its related data. Errors made by the index sponsor may occur from time to time and may not be identified by the index sponsor for a period of time or at all. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses, or costs associated with the index sponsor's errors will generally be borne by the index fund and its shareholders.

An index fund seeks to hold all, or a representative sample, of the securities that make up its target index. Index funds attempt to mirror the performance of the target index, for better or worse. However, an index fund generally does not perform *exactly* like its target index. For example, index funds have operating expenses and transaction costs. Market indexes do not, and therefore they will usually have a slight performance advantage over funds that track them. The ability of an index fund to match its performance to that of its target index can also be impacted by, among other things, the timing and size of cash flows, asset valuation differences, and the size of the fund. Market disruptions could also have an adverse effect on a fund's ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the index. The risk that a fund may not track the performance of its target index may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

Index funds typically have the following characteristics:

• *Variety of investments*. Depending on a fund's benchmark index, the fund may invest in the securities of a variety of companies, industries, and/or governments or government agencies.

• *Relative performance consistency*. Because they seek to track market benchmarks, index funds usually do not perform dramatically better or worse than their benchmarks.

• *Low cost*. Index funds are generally inexpensive to run compared with actively managed funds. They have low or no research costs and typically keep trading activity—and thus brokerage commissions and other transaction costs—to a minimum compared with actively managed funds.

------

**More on the Fund** 

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this ![](flag.gif) symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk<sup>®</sup> explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

**Share Class Overview**

This prospectus offers the Fund's Admiral Shares. Separate prospectuses offer the Fund's Investor Shares, which are generally available only to Vanguard funds that operate as funds of funds and to certain retirement plan clients that receive recordkeeping services from Vanguard, and Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million or $100 million, respectively. Another prospectus offers the Fund's Institutional Select Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $3 billion. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes have different expenses; as a result, their investment returns will differ.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Fund Expenses |
| All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are <br> deducted from a fund's gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the <br> net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated <br> in the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard Total International Stock Index <br> Fund Admiral Shares' expense ratios would be: for Admiral Shares, 0.11%, or <br> $1.10 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average expense ratio for <br> international funds in 2021 was 1.23%, or $12.30 per $1,000 of average net <br> assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, <br> which reports on the mutual fund industry).<br>|

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Costs of Investing |
| Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is <br> because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of <br> operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or <br> sells securities. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross <br> income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small <br> differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a <br> fund's performance.<br>|

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The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund's board of trustees, which oversees the Fund's management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund's investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days' notice to shareholders.

**Market Exposure** 

The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks included in the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About International Investing |
| U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not <br> typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond <br> markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign <br> companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar <br> auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and <br> recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S. <br> government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of <br> similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers, <br> companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to less government <br> supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the United States. <br> Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the United States <br> by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, <br> could impair a fund's ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise <br> transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to foreign <br> securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively affect <br> the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.<br>|

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***The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund's target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.***

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***The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.*** 

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***The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.***

The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks held in the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. As of October 31, 2022, the approximate allocation of the Index was as follows: 39% in the European region, 27% in the Pacific region, 25% in emerging markets, and 8% in North America. The Index includes stocks of small-, mid-, and large-capitalization companies. As of October 31, 2022, the Index had an asset-weighted median market capitalization of $26.7 billion.

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***The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.***

**Market Disruptions**

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund's investments and Fund performance.

**Security Selection**

The Fund uses the replication method of indexing, meaning that the Fund generally holds the same stocks as those in its target index, and in approximately the same proportions.

The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country, but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold

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depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund's portfolio.

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*The Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index*.***

The ability of the advisor to purchase or dispose of certain Fund investments is or may be restricted or impaired because of limitations imposed by law, regulation, or by certain regulators or issuers. As a result, the advisor may be required to limit purchases or sell existing investments. If a Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer, then the Fund may seek to obtain regulatory relief or ownership waivers. Other options a Fund may pursue include seeking to obtain economic exposure to that issuer through alternative means, such as through a derivative or through investment in a wholly owned subsidiary, both of which may be more costly than owning securities of the issuer directly. Ownership restrictions and limitations could result in unanticipated tax consequences to a Fund that may affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders. See *Other Investment Policies and Risks* for further information related to derivatives.

**Other Investment Policies and Risks**

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund's agreement with the sponsor of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund's board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of

leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

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The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund's securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

**Cash Management** 

The Fund's daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund and/or Vanguard Municipal Cash Management Fund (each, a CMT Fund), which are low-cost money market funds. When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

**Redemption Requests**

**Methods used to meet redemption requests.** Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund's holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor's transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see "Emergency circumstances" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

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**Potential redemption activity impacts.** At times, the Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders, or multiple shareholders comprising significant ownership of the Fund, redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Large redemptions may cause the Fund to sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so. This may result in the Fund distributing capital gains or other taxable income to non-redeeming shareholders. Large redemptions may also increase the Fund's transaction costs. Redemption activity can occur for many reasons, including shareholder reactions to market movements or other events unrelated to Vanguard's actions, or when Vanguard makes product changes that, for example, may result in a shareholder redeeming shares of the Fund to purchase shares of another similar fund or investment vehicle. When experiencing large redemptions, the Fund reserves the right to pay all or part of the redemption in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

**Temporary Investment Measures**

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund's best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund's investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund's investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

**Frequent Trading or Market-Timing**

**Background.** Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund's shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by *all* fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor's ability to efficiently manage the fund.

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**Policies to address frequent trading.** The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the **Investing With Vanguard** section, an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the **Investing With Vanguard** section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard's transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the *Share Price* section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

**Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.**

**A precautionary note to investment companies:** The Fund's shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment

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companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

**Turnover Rate**

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. Because of this, the turnover rate for the Fund has been very low. The **Financial Highlights** section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund's return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

**The Fund and Vanguard** 

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds' marketing costs.

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|:---|
| Plain Talk About Vanguard's Unique Corporate Structure |
| Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the <br> shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by <br> management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or <br> private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve. <br>|

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**Investment Advisor**

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2022, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $5.9 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds' Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of less than 0.01% of the Fund's average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund's board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund's advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund's sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund's investment advisory arrangement, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The Managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

**Christine D. Franquin,** Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 She has co-managed the Fund since 2017. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

**Michael Perre,** Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., Saint Joseph's University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

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The Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* provides information about each portfolio manager's compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

**Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes**

**Fund Distributions**

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Distributions |
| As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund's income from <br> interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund's sale of <br> investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from <br> any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any for higher prices than <br> it paid for them. These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, <br> depending on whether the fund held the securities for one year or less or for <br> more than one year. <br>|

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**Basic Tax Points**

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on "qualified dividend income," if any, or a special tax deduction on "qualified REIT dividends," if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities and cash flows.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of *different* funds is a *taxable* event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on "net investment income." Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

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Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of a Fund's foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

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|:---|
| Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend |
| Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged <br> account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings <br> plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before <br> the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in <br> taxes. This is known as "buying a dividend." For example: On December 15, <br> you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a <br> distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19 <br> (not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = <br> $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you <br> *owe tax* on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in <br> more shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund's distribution schedule <br> before you invest.<br>|

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**General Information** 

**Backup withholding.** By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

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**Foreign investors.** Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Fund offered in this prospectus, are not widely available outside the United States. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at *vanguard.com* for information on Vanguard's non-U.S. products.

**Invalid addresses.** If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

**Share Price** 

Share price, also known as *net asset value* (NAV), is calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund's assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their *market value* when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its *fair value* (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including

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institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund's pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund's pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund's pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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**Financial Highlights** 

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund's performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund's most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of a fund's latest annual or semiannual report, which is available upon request.

**Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares** 

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$34.90** | **$27.41** | **$28.66** | **$26.61** | **$29.95** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | .942 | .868 | .658 | .892 | .858 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | (9.398) | 7.478 | (1.205) | 1.993 | (3.369) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (8.456) | 8.346 | (.547) | 2.885 | (2.511) |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (1.014) | (.856) | (.703) | (.835) | (.829) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Distributions | (1.014) | (.856) | (.703) | (.835) | (.829) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$25.43** | **$34.90** | **$27.41** | **$28.66** | **$26.61** |
| **Total Return**<sup>2</sup> | **-24.65%** | **30.59%** | **-1.92%** | **11.08%** | **-8.63%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $59468 | $80052 | $64452 | $76314 | $65363 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets | 0.11%<sup>3</sup> | 0.11% | 0.11% | 0.11% | 0.11% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | 3.11% | 2.55% | 2.40% | 3.25% | 2.87% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate<sup>4</sup> | 5% | 8% | 7% | 4% | 3% |

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|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses <br> provide information about any applicable account service fees.<br>|
| 3 | The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements <br> was 0.11%.<br>|
| 4 | Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of <br> the fund's capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.<br>|

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**Investing With Vanguard** 

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard or indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services<sup>®</sup>), please see *Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms*, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. *If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan:*

Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people

with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273 Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate "fund account." For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to "you" in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

**Purchasing Shares** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

**Account Minimums for Admiral Shares** 

**To open and maintain an account.** $3,000. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility.

**To add to an existing account.** Generally $1.

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**How to Initiate a Purchase Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations*, and *Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your purchase request.

**Online.** You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

**How to Pay for a Purchase** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By check.** You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip or by utilizing our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access. Also see *How to Initiate a Purchase Request*. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—569).

**By exchange.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See *Exchanging Shares*.

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**Trade Date**

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For purchases by **check** into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by **exchange**, **wire**, or **electronic bank transfer** into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by **check** into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

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**Other Purchase Rules You Should Know** 

**Admiral Shares.** Admiral Shares generally are *not* available for SIMPLE IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

**Check purchases.** All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler's checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

**New accounts.** We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

**Refused or rejected purchase requests.** Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

**Large purchases.** Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

**Converting Shares** 

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the "new" shares you receive equals the dollar value of the "old" shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

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A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a *nontaxable* event.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See *Other Rules You Should Know*.

**Conversions to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares** 

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or you may contact Vanguard by telephone or by mail to request this transaction. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares will not be automatically converted.

**Conversions to Institutional Select Shares** 

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Select Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), through a trading platform, by mail, or by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Select Shares will not be automatically converted.

**Conversions to ETF Shares** 

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or

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other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class** 

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify the investor in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

**Redeeming Shares**

**How to Initiate a Redemption Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations*, and *Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your redemption request.

**Online.** You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

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**How to Receive Redemption Proceeds** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Flagship Select clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

**By exchange.** You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Exchanging Shares*.

**By check**. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated

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disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For redemptions by **check, exchange**, or **wire**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by **electronic bank transfer**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to

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complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" and "Emergency circumstances."

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Other Redemption Rules You Should Know** 

**Documentation for certain accounts.** Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us *before* attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

**Potentially disruptive redemptions.** Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund's operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us *before* you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations* for information about Vanguard's policies to limit frequent trading.

**Recently purchased shares.** Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

**Address change.** If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

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**Payment to a different person or address.** At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

**Emergency circumstances.** Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

**Exchanging Shares** 

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Purchasing Shares* and *Redeeming Shares*.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order* for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us *before* you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See *Frequent-Trading Limitations* for additional restrictions on exchanges.

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**Frequent-Trading Limitations** 

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund's costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) limits an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard's Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online<sup>®</sup>, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that *shareholders* of Vanguard's funds of funds *are* subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,\* the frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to:

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• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted*, are* subject to the limitations.)

\* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

**Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)** 

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients' accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client's accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client's purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client's exchange privilege.

**Accounts Held by Intermediaries** 

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary's clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients' trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that

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intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm's materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

**Other Rules You Should Know** 

**Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings** 

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Vanguard.com** 

**Registration.** If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

**Electronic delivery.** Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under "Account Maintenance." You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

**Telephone Transactions** 

**Automatic.** When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, *unless you instruct us otherwise in writing*.

**Proof of a caller's authority.** We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

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• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

**Good Order** 

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in "good order." Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard's policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

**Future Trade-Date Requests** 

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in *Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares*, and *Exchanging Shares*. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

**Accounts With More Than One Owner** 

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

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**Responsibility for Fraud** 

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

**Uncashed Checks** 

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state's abandoned property law.

**Dormant Accounts** 

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state's abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

**Unusual Circumstances** 

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

**Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms** 

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries* for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

**Account Service Fee** 

Vanguard may charge a $20 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $1,000,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee may be applied to both retirement *and* nonretirement fund accounts and may be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds,

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regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $20, will be deducted from fund accounts subject to the fee once per calendar year.

Certain account types have alternative fee structures, including SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

**Low-Balance Accounts** 

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

**Right to Change Policies** 

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

**Account Restrictions** 

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

------

**Share Classes** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

**Shareholder Rights** 

The Fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard STAR Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application.

**Fund and Account Updates** 

**Confirmation Statements** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Portfolio Summaries** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important

------

that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Tax Information Statements** 

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of *vanguard.com* can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Annual and Semiannual Reports** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund twice a year, in June and December. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

• Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.

• Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

**Portfolio Holdings** 

Please consult the Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings.

**Employer-Sponsored Plans** 

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund's investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at *vanguard.com*.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

------

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

**Transactions** 

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan's recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

------

**Contacting Vanguard** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Web** |  |
| Vanguard.com | &nbsp;&nbsp; For the most complete source of Vanguard news <br> For fund, account, and service information <br> For most account transactions <br> For literature requests <br> 24 hours a day, 7 days a week<br>|

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Phone** | **Phone** |
| Investor Information 800-662-7447<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For fund and service information<br> For literature requests<br>|
| Client Services 800-662-2739<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information<br> For most account transactions<br>|
| Participant Services 800-523-1188<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for participants in <br> employer-sponsored plans<br>|
| Institutional Division<br> 888-809-8102<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for large institutional <br> investors<br>|
| Financial Advisor and Intermediary<br> Sales Support 800-997-2798<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for financial intermediaries <br> including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust <br> institutions, and insurance companies<br>|
| Financial Advisory and Intermediary <br> Trading Support 800-669-0498<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information and trading support for <br> financial intermediaries including financial advisors, <br> broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance <br> companies<br>|

---

**Additional Information**

The Fund's Bylaws require, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, that the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933. This provision may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp; Inception<br> Date<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Vanguard<br> Fund Number<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; CUSIP<br> Number<br>|
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund** |  |  |  |
| Admiral Shares | 11/29/2010 | 569 | 921909818 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by Standard & Poor's Financial Services, LLC, and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database,©2023 American Bankers Association. "CUSIP" is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

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London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited ("FTSE"), Frank Russell Company ("Russell"), MTS Next Limited ("MTS"), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. ("FTSE TMX"). All rights reserved. "FTSE<sup>®</sup>", "Russell<sup>®</sup>", "MTS<sup>®</sup>", "FTSE TMX<sup>®</sup>" and "FTSE Russell" and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies' index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

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**Glossary of Investment Terms**

**Capital Gains Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

**Common Stock.** A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

**Dividend Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund's investments.

**Expense Ratio.** A fund's total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund's average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

**Float-Adjusted Index.** An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer's securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

**FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.** An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world's investable market capitalization.

**Inception Date.** The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund's investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

**Indexing.** A low-cost investment strategy in which a mutual fund attempts to track—rather than outperform—a specified market benchmark, or "index."

**Joint Committed Credit Facility.** The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund's board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

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**Median Market Capitalization.** An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund's stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund's assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund's assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

**MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI.** A float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States.

**Mutual Fund.** An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

**New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).** A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

**Return of Capital.** A return of capital occurs when a fund's distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund's shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

**Securities.** Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

**Total Return.** A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund's net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

**Volatility.** The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund's volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

**Yield.** Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment's price.

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

**Connect with Vanguard**<sup>®</sup> ˃ vanguard.com

**For More Information** 

If you would like more information about Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

**Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders** 

Additional information about the Fund's investments is available in the Fund's annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year.

**Statement of Additional Information (SAI)** 

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit *vanguard.com* or contact us as follows:

*If you are an individual investor:*

The Vanguard Group

Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

*If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan:*

Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people

with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department

Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

**Information Provided by the SEC** 

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC's website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund's Investment Company Act file number: 811-03919© 2023 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 569 022023

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

Vanguard Total International Stock ETF

Prospectus

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;February 27, 2023

**Exchange-traded fund shares that are not individually redeemable and are listed on Nasdaq** 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF Shares (VXUS)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

**The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**Contents**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [ETF Summary](#xx_e3a56706-daba-4e49-aa62-4aa4a7416781_1) | 1 |
| [Investing in Vanguard ETF](#xx_34c99ec1-c3f5-42cf-8ca5-3915c4942896_1)<sup>®</sup>[Shares](#xx_34c99ec1-c3f5-42cf-8ca5-3915c4942896_1) | 7 |
| [Investing in Index Funds](#xx_35ffe34d-331b-4b21-8603-387d91eac4db_1) | 9 |
| [More on the Fund and ETF Shares](#xx_d2eb7f69-88ee-4668-8c91-174fa79aafb5_1) | 10 |
| [The Fund and Vanguard](#xx_d2eb7f69-88ee-4668-8c91-174fa79aafb5_11) | 20 |
| [Investment Advisor](#xx_d2eb7f69-88ee-4668-8c91-174fa79aafb5_12) | 21 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes](#xx_d2eb7f69-88ee-4668-8c91-174fa79aafb5_13) | 22 |
| [Share Price and Market Price](#xx_d2eb7f69-88ee-4668-8c91-174fa79aafb5_15) | 24 |
| [Additional Information](#xx_d2eb7f69-88ee-4668-8c91-174fa79aafb5_17) | 26 |
| [Financial Highlights](#xx_0e384568-82fc-4878-9178-db980edfa979_1) | 27 |
| [Glossary of Investment Terms](#xx_27a34399-5b9c-4986-910a-02d132a6f1ed_1) | 29 |

---

------

**ETF Summary**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States.

**Fees and Expenses**

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell ETF Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

**Shareholder Fees**

(Fees paid directly from your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Transaction Fee on Purchases and Sales | None\* |
| Transaction Fee on Reinvested Dividends | None\* |
| Transaction Fee on Conversion to ETF Shares | None\* |

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\*

None through Vanguard (Broker fees vary)

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management Fees | 0.06% |
| 12b-1 Distribution Fee |  |
| Other Expenses | 0.01% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.07%  |

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Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund's ETF Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to sell your shares at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $7 | $23 | $40 | $90 |

---

This example does not include the brokerage commissions that you may pay to buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund.

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The Index includes approximately 7,718 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. As of October 31, 2022, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, France, and Switzerland (which made up approximately 15.4%, 10.1%, 8.1%, 7.1%, 6.5%, and 6%, respectively, of the Index's market capitalization). The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in its target index.

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**Principal Risks**

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund's share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund's performance:

• *Stock market risk*, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund's target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• *Investment style risk*, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.

• *Country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• *Currency risk*, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• *Emerging markets risk*, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• *Index replicating risk*, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

Because ETF Shares are traded on an exchange, they are subject to additional risks:

• The Fund's ETF Shares are listed for trading on Nasdaq and are bought and sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the

------

market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.

• Although the Fund's ETF Shares are listed for trading on Nasdaq, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.

• Trading of the Fund's ETF Shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of the Fund's ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from Nasdaq without first being listed on another exchange or (2) Nasdaq officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

**An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.**

**Annual Total Returns**

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund's ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund's target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Spliced Total International Stock Index reflects the performance of the MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index through June 2, 2013, and the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index thereafter. FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at *vanguard.com/performance* or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

------

**Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF Shares**

------

![](tis3369_9.jpg)

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Total Return | Quarter |
| Highest | 18.12% | June 30, 2020 |
| Lowest | -24.30% | March 31, 2020 |

---

**Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2022** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF Shares** |  |  |  |
| *Based on NAV* |  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -15.99% | 1.13% | 4.08% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | -16.58 | 0.41 | 3.31 |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -9.02 | 0.84 | 3.11 |
| *Based on Market Price* |  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -16.13 | 1.06 | 3.97 |
| **Spliced Total International Stock Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)<br>| -16.10% | 1.10% | 4.20% |
| **FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)<br>| -16.10 | 1.10 | 4.18 |

---

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned *Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

------

**Investment Advisor** 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016).

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

ETF Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a brokerage firm. The price you pay or receive for ETF Shares will be the prevailing market price, which may be more (premium) or less (discount) than the NAV of the shares. The brokerage firm may charge you a commission to execute the transaction. Unless imposed by your brokerage firm, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of shares you must buy. ETF Shares of the Fund cannot be directly purchased from or redeemed with the Fund, except by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), typically in exchange for baskets of securities.

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (bid-ask spread). Recent information, including information on the Fund's NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available online at *vanguard.com.*

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.

**Payments to Financial Intermediaries** 

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

------

**Investing in Vanguard ETF**<sup>®</sup>**Shares**

**What Are Vanguard ETF Shares?** 

Vanguard ETF Shares are an exchange-traded class of shares issued by certain Vanguard funds. ETF Shares represent an interest in the portfolio of stocks or bonds held by the issuing fund. This prospectus describes Vanguard Total International Stock ETF, a class of shares issued by Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund. In addition to ETF Shares, the Fund offers five conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares. This prospectus, however, relates only to ETF Shares.

**How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?** 

Conventional mutual fund shares can be directly purchased from and redeemed with the issuing fund for cash at the net asset value (NAV), typically calculated once a day. ETF Shares, by contrast, cannot be purchased directly from or redeemed directly with the issuing fund by an individual investor. Rather, ETF Shares can only be purchased or redeemed directly from the issuing fund by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), usually in exchange for baskets of securities and not for cash (although some funds issue and redeem Creation Units in exchange for cash or a combination of cash and securities).

An organized secondary trading market is expected to exist for ETF Shares, unlike conventional mutual fund shares, because ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Individual investors can purchase and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Secondary-market transactions occur not at NAV, but at market prices that are subject to change throughout the day based on the supply of and demand for ETF Shares, changes in the prices of the fund's portfolio holdings, and other factors.

The market price of a fund's ETF Shares typically will differ somewhat from the NAV of those shares. The difference between market price and NAV is expected to be small most of the time, but in times of market disruption or extreme market volatility, the difference may become significant.

**How Do I Buy and Sell Vanguard ETF Shares?** 

ETF Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on Nasdaq. You can buy and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market in the same way you buy and sell any other exchange-traded security—through a broker. Your broker may charge a commission to execute a transaction. You will also incur the cost of the "bid-ask spread," which is the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market. Because secondary-market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay

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more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares and receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread and premiums/discounts can increase significantly. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of ETF Shares you must buy.

Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for ensuring that you receive income and capital gains distributions, as well as shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.

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**Investing in Index Funds** 

**What Is Indexing?** 

Indexing is an investment strategy for tracking the performance of a specified market benchmark, or "index." An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. There are many types of indexes. Some represent entire markets—such as the U.S. stock market or the U.S. bond market. Other indexes cover market segments—such as small-capitalization stocks or short-term bonds. One cannot invest directly in an index.

The index sponsor determines the securities to include in the index and the weighting of each security in the index. Under normal circumstances, the index sponsor will rebalance an index on a regular schedule. An index sponsor may carry out additional ad hoc index rebalances or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance. Generally, the index sponsor does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of either the target index or its related data. Errors made by the index sponsor may occur from time to time and may not be identified by the index sponsor for a period of time or at all. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses, or costs associated with the index sponsor's errors will generally be borne by the index fund and its shareholders.

An index fund seeks to hold all, or a representative sample, of the securities that make up its target index. Index funds attempt to mirror the performance of the target index, for better or worse. However, an index fund generally does not perform *exactly* like its target index. For example, index funds have operating expenses and transaction costs. Market indexes do not, and therefore they will usually have a slight performance advantage over funds that track them. The ability of an index fund to match its performance to that of its target index can also be impacted by, among other things, the timing and size of cash flows, asset valuation differences, and the size of the fund. Market disruptions could also have an adverse effect on a fund's ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the index. The risk that a fund may not track the performance of its target index may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

Index funds typically have the following characteristics:

• *Variety of investments*. Depending on a fund's benchmark index, the fund may invest in the securities of a variety of companies, industries, and/or governments or government agencies.

• *Relative performance consistency*. Because they seek to track market benchmarks, index funds usually do not perform dramatically better or worse than their benchmarks.

• *Low cost*. Index funds are generally inexpensive to run compared with actively managed funds. They have low or no research costs and typically keep trading activity—and thus brokerage commissions and other transaction costs—to a minimum compared with actively managed funds.

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**More on the Fund and ETF Shares** 

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this ![](flag.gif) symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk<sup>®</sup> explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

**Share Class Overview**

This prospectus offers the Fund's ETF Shares, an exchange-traded class of shares. Separate prospectuses offer the Fund's Investor Shares and Admiral™ Shares, which generally have investment minimums of $3,000. In addition, the Fund offers Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares (both offered through a separate prospectus), which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million and $100 million, respectively. Another prospectus offers Institutional Select Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $3 billion.

All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes have different expenses; as a result, their investment returns will differ.

**A Note to Investors** 

Vanguard ETF Shares can be purchased directly from the issuing Fund only by certain authorized broker-dealers in exchange for a basket of securities (or, in some cases, for cash or a combination of cash and securities). Individual investors generally will not be able to purchase ETF Shares directly from the Fund. Instead, these investors will purchase ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker.

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| Plain Talk About Fund Expenses |
| All funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted <br> from a fund's gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets <br> of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees <br> and Expenses section, Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF <br> Shares' expense ratio would be 0.07%, or $0.70 per $1,000 of average net <br> assets. The average expense ratio for international funds in 2021 was 1.23%, <br> or $12.30 per $1,000 of average net assets (derived from data provided by <br> Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which reports on the fund industry).<br>|

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| Plain Talk About Costs of Investing |
| Costs are an important consideration in choosing an ETF. That is because <br> you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a <br> fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells <br> securities. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross income <br> or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small differences <br> in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a fund's performance.<br>|

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The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund's board of trustees, which oversees the Fund's management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund's investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days' notice to shareholders.

**Market Exposure** 

The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks included in the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.

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| Plain Talk About International Investing |
| U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not <br> typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond <br> markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign <br> companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar <br> auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and <br> recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S. <br> government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of <br> similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers, <br> companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to less government <br> supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the United States. <br> Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the United States <br> by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, <br> could impair a fund's ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise <br> transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to foreign <br> securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively affect <br> the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.<br>|

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***The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund's target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.***

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***The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.*** 

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***The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.***

The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks held in the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. As of October 31, 2022, the approximate allocation of the Index was as follows: 39% in the European region, 27% in the Pacific region, 25% in emerging markets, and 8% in North America. The Index includes stocks of small-, mid-, and large-capitalization companies. As of October 31, 2022, the Index had an asset-weighted median market capitalization of $26.7 billion.

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***The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.***

**Market Disruptions**

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund's investments and Fund performance.

**Security Selection**

The Fund uses the *replication method* of indexing, meaning that the Fund generally holds the same stocks as those in its target index, and in approximately the same proportions.

The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country, but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold

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depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund's portfolio.

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***The Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.***

The ability of the advisor to purchase or dispose of certain Fund investments is or may be restricted or impaired because of limitations imposed by law, regulation, or by certain regulators or issuers. As a result, the advisor may be required to limit purchases or sell existing investments. If a Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer, then the Fund may seek to obtain regulatory relief or ownership waivers. Other options a Fund may pursue include seeking to obtain economic exposure to that issuer through alternative means, such as through a derivative or through investment in a wholly owned subsidiary, both of which may be more costly than owning securities of the issuer directly. Ownership restrictions and limitations could result in unanticipated tax consequences to a Fund that may affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders. See *Other Investment Policies and Risks* for further information related to derivatives.

**Other Investment Policies and Risks**

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund's agreement with the sponsor of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund's board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

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The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund's securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

**Cash Management** 

The Fund's daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund and/or Vanguard Municipal Cash Management Fund (each, a CMT Fund), which are low-cost money market funds. When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

**Redemption Requests**

**Methods used to meet redemption requests.** Redemptions of ETF Shares are typically met through a combination of cash and securities held by the Fund; see "How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?" If cash is used to meet redemptions, the Fund typically obtains such cash through positive cash flows or the sale of Fund holdings consistent with the Fund's investment objective and strategy. Please consult the Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* for further information on redemptions of ETF Shares.

Under certain circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

**Potential redemption activity impacts.** At times, the Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders, or multiple shareholders comprising significant ownership of the Fund, redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Large redemptions may cause the Fund to sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so. This may result in the Fund distributing capital gains or other taxable income to non-redeeming shareholders. Large redemptions may also increase the Fund's transaction costs. Redemption activity can occur for many reasons, including shareholder reactions to market movements or other events unrelated to Vanguard's actions, or when

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Vanguard makes product changes that, for example, may result in a shareholder redeeming shares of the Fund to purchase shares of another similar fund or investment vehicle.

**Temporary Investment Measures**

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund's best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund's investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund's investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

**Special Risks of Exchange-Traded Shares**![](flag.gif)

***ETF Shares are not individually redeemable.*** *They can be redeemed with the issuing Fund at NAV only by certain authorized broker-dealers and only in large blocks known as Creation Units. Consequently, if you want to liquidate some or all of your ETF Shares, you must sell them on the secondary market at prevailing market prices.*![](flag.gif)

***The market price of ETF Shares may differ from NAV.*** *Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. These discounts and premiums are likely to be greatest during times of market disruption or extreme market volatility.* 

Vanguard's website at *vanguard.com* shows the previous day's closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund's ETF Shares. The website also discloses, in the Premium/Discount Analysis section of the ETF Shares' Price & Performance page, how frequently the Fund's ETF Shares traded at a premium or discount to NAV (based on closing NAVs and market prices) and the magnitudes of such premiums and discounts.

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***An active trading market may not exist.*** *Although Vanguard ETF Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained. Although this could happen at any time, it is more likely to occur during times of severe market disruption. If you attempt to sell your ETF Shares when an active trading market is not functioning, you may have to sell at a significant discount to NAV. In extreme cases, you may not be able to sell your shares at all.* 

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***Trading may be halted.*** *Trading of Vanguard ETF Shares on an exchange may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from the listing exchange without first being listed on another exchange or (2) exchange officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.*

**Conversion Privilege** 

Owners of conventional shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

You must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services<sup>®</sup> or with any other brokerage firm. To initiate a conversion of conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact your broker.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from Vanguard conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege.

Converting conventional shares to ETF Shares is generally accomplished as follows. First, after your broker notifies Vanguard of your request to convert, Vanguard will transfer your conventional shares from your account to the broker's omnibus account with Vanguard (an account maintained by the broker on behalf of all its customers who hold conventional Vanguard fund shares through the broker). After the transfer, Vanguard's records will reflect your broker, not you, as the owner of the shares. Next, your broker will instruct Vanguard to convert the appropriate number or dollar amount of conventional shares in its omnibus account to ETF Shares of equivalent value, based on the respective NAVs of the two share classes.

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Your Fund's transfer agent will reflect ownership of all ETF Shares in the name of the Depository Trust Company (DTC). The DTC will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to your broker, and your broker, in turn, will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to you.

Because the DTC is unable to handle fractional shares, only whole shares can be converted. For example, if you owned 300.25 conventional shares, and this was equivalent in value to 90.75 ETF Shares, the DTC account would receive 90 ETF Shares. Conventional shares with a value equal to 0.75 ETF Shares (in this example, that would be 2.481 conventional shares) would remain in the broker's omnibus account with Vanguard. Your broker then could either (1) credit your account with 0.75 ETF Shares or (2) redeem the 2.481 conventional shares for cash at NAV and deliver that cash to your account. If your broker chose to redeem your conventional shares, you would realize a gain or loss on the redemption that must be reported on your tax return (unless you hold the shares in an IRA or other tax-deferred account). Please consult your broker for information on how it will handle the conversion process, including whether it will impose a fee to process a conversion.

If you convert your conventional shares to ETF Shares through Vanguard Brokerage Services, *all* conventional shares for which you request conversion will be converted to ETF Shares of equivalent value. Because no fractional shares will have to be sold, the transaction will not be taxable.

Here are some important points to keep in mind when converting conventional shares of a Vanguard fund to ETF Shares:

• The conversion process can take anywhere from several days to several weeks, depending on your broker. Vanguard generally will process conversion requests either on the day they are received or on the next business day. Vanguard imposes conversion blackout windows around the dates when a fund with ETF Shares declares dividends. This is necessary to prevent a shareholder from collecting a dividend from both the conventional share class currently held and also from the ETF share class to which the shares will be converted.

• Until the conversion process is complete, you will remain fully invested in a fund's conventional shares, and your investment will increase or decrease in value in tandem with the NAV of those shares.

• The conversion transaction is nontaxable except, if applicable, to the very limited extent previously described.

**A precautionary note to investment companies:** The Fund's ETF Shares are issued by registered investment companies, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the

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restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

**Shareholder Rights** 

The Fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard STAR Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application.

**Frequent Trading and Market-Timing**

Unlike frequent trading of a Vanguard fund's conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares, frequent trading of ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. The vast majority of trading in ETF Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because these trades do not involve the issuing fund, they do not harm the fund or its shareholders. Certain broker-dealers are authorized to purchase and redeem ETF Shares directly with the issuing fund. Because these trades typically are effected in kind (i.e., for securities and not for cash), or are assessed a transaction fee when effected in cash, they do not cause any of the harmful effects to the issuing fund (as previously noted) that may result from frequent trading. For these reasons, the board of trustees of each fund that issues ETF Shares has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter frequent trading and market-timing of ETF Shares.

**Portfolio Holdings** 

Please consult the Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings.

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**Turnover Rate**

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e, not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. Because of this, the turnover rate for the Fund has been very low. The **Financial Highlights** section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund's return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

**The Fund and Vanguard** 

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds' marketing costs.

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| Plain Talk About Vanguard's Unique Corporate Structure |
| Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the <br> shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by <br> management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or <br> private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve. <br>|

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**Investment Advisor**

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2022, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately

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$5.9 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds' Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of less than 0.01% of the Fund's average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund's board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund's advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund's sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund's investment advisory arrangement, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

**Christine D. Franquin,** Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed the Fund since 2017. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

**Michael Perre,** Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., Saint Joseph's University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The *Statement of Additional Information* provides information about each portfolio manager's compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

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**Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes**

**Fund Distributions**

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status.

---

| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Distributions |
| As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund's income from <br> interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund's sale of <br> investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from <br> any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any for higher prices than <br> it paid for them. These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, <br> depending on whether the fund held the securities for one year or less or for <br> more than one year.<br>|

---

**Reinvestment of Distributions** 

In order to reinvest dividend and capital gains distributions, investors in the Fund's ETF Shares must hold their shares at a broker that offers a reinvestment service. This can be the broker's own service or a service made available by a third party, such as the broker's outside clearing firm or the DTC. If a reinvestment service is available, distributions of income and capital gains can automatically be reinvested in additional whole and fractional ETF Shares of the Fund. If a reinvestment service is not available, investors will receive their

------

distributions in cash. To determine whether a reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker.

As with all exchange-traded funds, reinvestment of dividend and capital gains distributions in additional ETF Shares will occur four business days or more after the ex-dividend date (the date when a distribution of dividends or capital gains is deducted from the price of the Fund's shares). The exact number of days depends on your broker. During that time, the amount of your distribution will not be invested in the Fund and therefore will not share in the Fund's income, gains, and losses.

**Basic Tax Points**

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional ETF Shares.

• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your ETF Shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on "qualified dividend income," if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned ETF Shares.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities and cash flows.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your ETF Shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale of ETF Shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

------

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on "net investment income." Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale of ETF Shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale of ETF Shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of a Fund's foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

**Share Price and Market Price** 

Share price, also known as *net asset value* (NAV), is calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund's assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Remember: If you buy or sell ETF Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your ETF Shares in Creation Unit blocks (an option available only to certain authorized broker-dealers) or if you convert your conventional fund shares to ETF Shares.

------

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their *market value* when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its *fair value* (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund's pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund's pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund's pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

------

Vanguard's website will show the previous day's closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund's ETF Shares.

**Additional Information**

The Fund's Bylaws require, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, that the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933. This provision may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Fund | Inception Date | &nbsp;&nbsp; Vanguard<br> Fund<br> Number<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; CUSIP<br> Number<br>|
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund** |  |  |  |
| ETF Shares | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1/26/2011<br> (Investor Shares<br> 4/29/1996)<br>| 3369 | 921909768 |

---

Certain affiliates of the Fund and the advisor may purchase and resell ETF Shares pursuant to the prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by Standard & Poor's Financial Services, LLC, and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database,©2023 American Bankers Association. "CUSIP" is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

------

**Financial Highlights** 

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund's performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund's most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of a fund's latest annual or semiannual report, which is available upon request.

**Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF Shares** 

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$64.90** | **$50.97** | **$53.30** | **$49.50** | **$55.70** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | 1.777 | 1.677 | 1.251 | 1.677 | 1.612 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments | (17.486) | 13.870 | (2.256) | 3.696 | (6.269) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (15.709) | 15.547 | (1.005) | 5.373 | (4.657) |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (1.911) | (1.617) | (1.325) | (1.573) | (1.543) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Distributions | (1.911) | (1.617) | (1.325) | (1.573) | (1.543) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$47.28** | **$64.90** | **$50.97** | **$53.30** | **$49.50** |
| **Total Return** | **-24.64%** | **30.66%** | **-1.88%** | **11.11%** | **-8.63%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $44401 | $51747 | $28294 | $16293 | $10389 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets | 0.07%<sup>2</sup> | 0.07% | 0.08% | 0.08% | 0.09% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets | 3.16% | 2.64% | 2.46% | 3.28% | 2.89% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate<sup>3</sup> | 5% | 8% | 7% | 4% | 3% |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements <br> was 0.07%.<br>|
| 3 | Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of <br> the fund's capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.<br>|

---

------

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited ("FTSE"), Frank Russell Company ("Russell"), MTS Next Limited ("MTS"), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. ("FTSE TMX"). All rights reserved. "FTSE<sup>®</sup>", "Russell<sup>®</sup>", "MTS<sup>®</sup>", "FTSE TMX<sup>®</sup>" and "FTSE Russell" and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies' index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

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**Glossary of Investment Terms**

**Authorized Participant.** Institutional investors that are permitted to purchase Creation Units directly from, and redeem Creation Units directly with, the issuing fund. To be an Authorized Participant, an entity must be a participant in the Depository Trust Company and must enter into an agreement with the fund's Distributor.

**Bid-Ask Spread.** The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market.

**Capital Gains Distributions.** Payments to fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

**Common Stock.** A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

**Creation Unit.** A large block of a specified number of ETF Shares. Certain broker-dealers known as "Authorized Participants" may purchase and redeem ETF Shares from the issuing fund in Creation Unit size blocks.

**Dividend Distributions.** Payments to fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund's investments.

**Ex-Dividend Date.** The date when a distribution of dividends and/or capital gains is deducted from the share price of a mutual fund, ETF, or stock. On the ex-dividend date, the share price drops by the amount of the distribution per share (plus or minus any market activity).

**Expense Ratio.** A fund's total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund's average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

**Float-Adjusted Index.** An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer's securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

------

**FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.** An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world's investable market capitalization.

**Inception Date.** The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund's investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

**Indexing.** A low-cost investment strategy in which a fund attempts to track—rather than outperform—a specified market benchmark, or "index."

**Joint Committed Credit Facility.** The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund's board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

**Median Market Capitalization.** An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund's stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund's assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund's assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

**MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI.** A float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States.

**Mutual Fund.** An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

**New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).** A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

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**Return of Capital.** A return of capital occurs when a fund's distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund's shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

**Securities.** Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

**Total Return.** A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a fund's net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

**Volatility.** The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund's volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

**Yield.** Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment's price.

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

**Connect with Vanguard**<sup>®</sup> ˃ vanguard.com

**For More Information** 

If you would like more information about Vanguard Total International Stock Index ETF, the following documents are available free upon request:

**Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders** 

Additional information about the Fund's investments is available in the Fund's annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year.

**Statement of Additional Information (SAI)** 

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund's ETF Shares and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about Vanguard ETF Shares, please visit *vanguard.com* or contact us as follows:

Telephone: 866-499-8473; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

**Information Provided by the SEC** 

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC's website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund's Investment Company Act file number: 811-03919© 2023 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

U.S. Patent No. 6,879,964.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 3369 022023

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Prospectus

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;February 27, 2023

**Institutional Shares & Institutional Plus Shares** 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares (VTSNX)

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares (VTPSX)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

**The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**Contents**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Fund Summary](#xx_a04ad855-9a2c-4d71-8d96-c1b6e0e51632_1) | 1 |
| [Investing in Index Funds](#xx_e14227dc-edf5-45bc-9123-e8cbfa75d34f_1) | 7 |
| [More on the Fund](#xx_4ae2fc4c-70bd-4df6-82b7-1aaa228002e4_1) | 8 |
| [The Fund and Vanguard](#xx_4ae2fc4c-70bd-4df6-82b7-1aaa228002e4_9) | 16 |
| [Investment Advisor](#xx_4ae2fc4c-70bd-4df6-82b7-1aaa228002e4_10) | 17 |
| [Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes](#xx_4ae2fc4c-70bd-4df6-82b7-1aaa228002e4_11) | 18 |
| [Share Price](#xx_4ae2fc4c-70bd-4df6-82b7-1aaa228002e4_14) | 21 |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Financial Highlights](#xx_edb8ba97-13e9-4d58-a22f-4a32a8cca857_1) | 23 |
| [Investing With Vanguard](#xx_cc995c89-63b2-441a-b9c8-a802edb42819_1) | 25 |
| [Purchasing Shares](#xx_cc995c89-63b2-441a-b9c8-a802edb42819_1) | 25 |
| [Converting Shares](#xx_cc995c89-63b2-441a-b9c8-a802edb42819_4) | 28 |
| [Redeeming Shares](#xx_cc995c89-63b2-441a-b9c8-a802edb42819_6) | 30 |
| [Exchanging Shares](#xx_cc995c89-63b2-441a-b9c8-a802edb42819_10) | 34 |
| [Frequent-Trading Limitations](#xx_cc995c89-63b2-441a-b9c8-a802edb42819_11) | 35 |
| [Other Rules You Should Know](#xx_cc995c89-63b2-441a-b9c8-a802edb42819_13) | 37 |
| [Fund and Account Updates](#xx_cc995c89-63b2-441a-b9c8-a802edb42819_17) | 41 |
| [Employer-Sponsored Plans](#xx_cc995c89-63b2-441a-b9c8-a802edb42819_18) | 42 |
| [Contacting Vanguard](#xx_a182e9a9-cd11-46d0-a62f-d8ad8a5cea9d_1) | 44 |
| [Additional Information](#xx_a182e9a9-cd11-46d0-a62f-d8ad8a5cea9d_2) | 45 |
| [Glossary of Investment Terms](#xx_04674afc-1ffa-48e0-9e47-15f5c0d152c7_1) | 46 |

---

------

**Fund Summary**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States.

**Fees and Expenses**

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

**Shareholder Fees**

(Fees paid directly from your investment)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Institutional Shares | Institutional Plus Shares |
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases | None | None |
| Purchase Fee | None | None |
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested <br> Dividends<br>| None | None |
| Redemption Fee | None | None |

---

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Institutional Shares | Institutional Plus Shares |
| Management Fees | 0.07% | 0.06% |
| 12b-1 Distribution Fee |  |  |
| Other Expenses | 0.01% | 0.01% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.08% | 0.07%  |

---

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Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund's Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. These examples assume that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| Institutional Shares | $8 | $26 | $45 | $103 |
| Institutional Plus Shares | $7 | $23 | $40 | $90 |

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Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The Index includes approximately 7,718 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. As of October 31, 2022, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, China France, and Switzerland (which made up approximately 15.4%, 10.1%, 8.1%, 7.1%, 6.5%, and 6%, respectively, of the Index's market capitalization). The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in its target index.

------

**Principal Risks**

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund's share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund's performance:

• *Stock market risk*, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund's target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• *Investment style risk*, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.

• *Country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• *Currency risk*, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• *Emerging markets risk*, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• *Index replicating risk*, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

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**An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.**

**Annual Total Returns**

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund's Institutional Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of the Fund's target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Spliced Total International Stock Index reflects the performance of the MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI Index through June 2, 2013 and, the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index thereafter. FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at *vanguard.com/performance* or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

**Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares**

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During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Total Return | Quarter |
| Highest | 18.12% | June 30, 2020 |
| Lowest | -24.31% | March 31, 2020  |

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**Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2022** 

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund** <br> **Institutional Shares**<br>|  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -15.98% | 1.12% | 4.09% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | -16.58 | 0.41 | 3.32 |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -9.02 | 0.84 | 3.12 |
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional** <br> **Plus Shares**<br>|  |  |  |
| Return Before Taxes | -15.97% | 1.13% | 4.10% |
| **Spliced Total International Stock Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)<br>| -16.10% | 1.10% | 4.20% |
| **FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)<br>| -16.10 | 1.10 | 4.18 |

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Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Institutional

Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned *Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

**Investment Advisor** 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016).

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website *(vanguard.com)*, by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open

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and maintain a Fund account for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares is $5 million or $100 million, respectively. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply.

**Payments to Financial Intermediaries** 

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

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**Investing in Index Funds** 

**What Is Indexing?** 

Indexing is an investment strategy for tracking the performance of a specified market benchmark, or "index." An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. There are many types of indexes. Some represent entire markets—such as the U.S. stock market or the U.S. bond market. Other indexes cover market segments—such as small-capitalization stocks or short-term bonds. One cannot invest directly in an index.

The index sponsor determines the securities to include in the index and the weighting of each security in the index. Under normal circumstances, the index sponsor will rebalance an index on a regular schedule. An index sponsor may carry out additional ad hoc index rebalances or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance. Generally, the index sponsor does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of either the target index or its related data. Errors made by the index sponsor may occur from time to time and may not be identified by the index sponsor for a period of time or at all. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses, or costs associated with the index sponsor's errors will generally be borne by the index fund and its shareholders.

An index fund seeks to hold all, or a representative sample, of the securities that make up its target index. Index funds attempt to mirror the performance of the target index, for better or worse. However, an index fund generally does not perform *exactly* like its target index. For example, index funds have operating expenses and transaction costs. Market indexes do not, and therefore they will usually have a slight performance advantage over funds that track them. The ability of an index fund to match its performance to that of its target index can also be impacted by, among other things, the timing and size of cash flows, asset valuation differences, and the size of the fund. Market disruptions could also have an adverse effect on a fund's ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the index. The risk that a fund may not track the performance of its target index may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

Index funds typically have the following characteristics:

• *Variety of investments*. Depending on a fund's benchmark index, the fund may invest in the securities of a variety of companies, industries, and/or governments or government agencies.

• *Relative performance consistency*. Because they seek to track market benchmarks, index funds usually do not perform dramatically better or worse than their benchmarks.

• *Low cost*. Index funds are generally inexpensive to run compared with actively managed funds. They have low or no research costs and typically keep trading activity—and thus brokerage commissions and other transaction costs—to a minimum compared with actively managed funds.

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**More on the Fund** 

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this ![](flag.gif) symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk<sup>®</sup> explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

**Share Class Overview**

This prospectus offers the Fund's Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million or $100 million, respectively. Separate prospectuses offer the Fund's Investor Shares and Admiral™ Shares, which generally have investment minimums of $3,000. Another prospectus offers the Fund's Institutional Select Shares which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $3 billion. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes have different expenses; as a result, their investment returns will differ.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Fund Expenses |
| All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are <br> deducted from a fund's gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the <br> net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated <br> in the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard Total International Stock Index <br> Fund's expense ratios would be as follows: for Institutional Shares, 0.08%, or <br> $0.80 per $1,000 of average net assets; for Institutional Plus Shares, 0.07%, <br> or $0.70 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average expense ratio for <br> international funds in 2021 was 1.23%, or $12.30 per $1,000 of average net <br> assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, <br> which reports on the mutual fund industry).<br>|

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Costs of Investing |
| Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is <br> because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of <br> operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or <br> sells securities. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross <br> income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small <br> differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a <br> fund's performance.<br>|

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The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund's board of trustees, which oversees the Fund's management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund's investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days' notice to shareholders.

**Market Exposure** 

The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks included in the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About International Investing |
| U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not <br> typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond <br> markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign <br> companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar <br> auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and <br> recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S. <br> government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of <br> similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers, <br> companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to less government <br> supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the United States. <br> Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the United States <br> by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, <br> could impair a fund's ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise <br> transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to foreign <br> securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively affect <br> the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.<br>|

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***The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund's target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.***

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***The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.*** 

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***The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.***

The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks held in the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. As of October 31, 2022, the approximate allocation of the Index was as follows: 39% in the European region, 27% in the Pacific region, 25% in emerging markets, and 8% in North America. The Index includes stocks of small-, mid-, and large-capitalization companies. As of October 31, 2022, the Index had an asset-weighted median market capitalization of $26.7 billion.

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***The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.***

**Market Disruptions**

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund's investments and Fund performance.

**Security Selection**

The Fund uses the replication method of indexing, meaning that the Fund generally holds the same stocks as those in its target index, and in approximately the same proportions.

The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country, but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold

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depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund's portfolio.

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***The Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.***

The ability of the advisor to purchase or dispose of certain Fund investments is or may be restricted or impaired because of limitations imposed by law, regulation, or by certain regulators or issuers. As a result, the advisor may be required to limit purchases or sell existing investments. If a Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer, then the Fund may seek to obtain regulatory relief or ownership waivers. Other options a Fund may pursue include seeking to obtain economic exposure to that issuer through alternative means, such as through a derivative or through investment in a wholly owned subsidiary, both of which may be more costly than owning securities of the issuer directly. Ownership restrictions and limitations could result in unanticipated tax consequences to a Fund that may affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders. See *Other Investment Policies and Risks* for further information related to derivatives.

**Other Investment Policies and Risks**

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund's agreement with the sponsor of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund's board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

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The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund's securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

**Cash Management** 

The Fund's daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund and/or Vanguard Municipal Cash Management Fund (each, a CMT Fund), which are low-cost money market funds. When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

**Redemption Requests**

**Methods used to meet redemption requests.** Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund's holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor's transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see "Emergency circumstances" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

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**Potential redemption activity impacts.** At times, the Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders, or multiple shareholders comprising significant ownership of the Fund, redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Large redemptions may cause the Fund to sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so. This may result in the Fund distributing capital gains or other taxable income to non-redeeming shareholders. Large redemptions may also increase the Fund's transaction costs. Redemption activity can occur for many reasons, including shareholder reactions to market movements or other events unrelated to Vanguard's actions, or when Vanguard makes product changes that, for example, may result in a shareholder redeeming shares of the Fund to purchase shares of another similar fund or investment vehicle. When experiencing large redemptions, the Fund reserves the right to pay all or part of the redemption in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

**Temporary Investment Measures**

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund's best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund's investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund's investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

**Frequent Trading or Market-Timing**

**Background.** Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund's shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by *all* fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor's ability to efficiently manage the fund.

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**Policies to address frequent trading.** The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the **Investing With Vanguard** section, an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the **Investing With Vanguard** section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard's transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the *Share Price* section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

**Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.**

**A precautionary note to investment companies:** The Fund's shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment

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companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

**Turnover Rate**

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. Because of this, the turnover rate for the Fund has been very low. The **Financial Highlights** section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund's return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

**The Fund and Vanguard** 

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds' marketing costs.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Vanguard's Unique Corporate Structure |
| Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the <br> shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by <br> management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or <br> private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve. <br>|

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**Investment Advisor**

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2022, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $5.9 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds' Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of less than 0.01% of the Fund's average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund's board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund's advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund's sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund's investment advisory arrangement, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

**Christine D. Franquin,** Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed the Fund since 2017. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

**Michael Perre,** Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., Saint Joseph's University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

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The Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* provides information about each portfolio manager's compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

**Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes**

**Fund Distributions**

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Distributions |
| As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund's income from <br> interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund's sale of <br> investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from <br> any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any for higher prices than <br> it paid for them. These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, <br> depending on whether the fund held the securities for one year or less or for <br> more than one year. <br>|

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**Basic Tax Points**

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on "qualified dividend income," if any, or a special tax deduction on "qualified REIT dividends," if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities and cash flows.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the *same* fund is a *nontaxable* event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of *different* funds is a *taxable* event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on "net investment income." Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

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Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of a Fund's foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend |
| Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged <br> account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings <br> plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before <br> the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in <br> taxes. This is known as "buying a dividend." For example: On December 15, <br> you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a <br> distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19 <br> (not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 = <br> $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you <br> *owe tax* on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in <br> more shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund's distribution schedule <br> before you invest.<br>|

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**General Information** 

**Backup withholding.** By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

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**Foreign investors.** Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Fund offered in this prospectus, are not widely available outside the United States. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at *vanguard.com* for information on Vanguard's non-U.S. products.

**Invalid addresses.** If a dividend distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

**Share Price** 

Share price, also known as *net asset value* (NAV), is calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund's assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their *market value* when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its *fair value* (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including

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institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund's pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund's pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund's pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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**Financial Highlights** 

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund's performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund's most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of a fund's latest annual or semiannual report, which is available upon request.

**Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares** 

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$139.55** | **$109.61** | **$114.61** | **$106.43** | **$119.77** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | 3.806 | 3.519 | 2.670 | 3.597 | 3.461 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on <br> Investments<br>| (37.582) | 29.888 | (4.826) | 7.960 | (13.460) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (33.776) | 33.407 | (2.156) | 11.557 | (9.999) |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (4.094) | (3.467) | (2.844) | (3.377) | (3.341) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Distributions | (4.094) | (3.467) | (2.844) | (3.377) | (3.341) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$101.68** | **$139.55** | **$109.61** | **$114.61** | **$106.43** |
| **Total Return** | **-24.63%** | **30.62%** | **-1.89%** | **11.10%** | **-8.60%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $32204 | $42913 | $31735 | $33476 | $28563 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets | 0.08%<sup>2</sup> | 0.08% | 0.08% | 0.08% | 0.08% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net <br> Assets<br>| 3.14% | 2.58% | 2.44% | 3.27% | 2.90% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate<sup>3</sup> | 5% | 8% | 7% | 4% | 3% |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements <br> was 0.08%.<br>|
| 3 | Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of <br> the fund's capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.<br>|

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**Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares** 

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$139.59** | **$109.63** | **$114.63** | **$106.45** | **$119.79** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | 3.815 | 2.900 | 2.726 | 3.617 | 3.470 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on <br> Investments<br>| (37.597) | 30.529 | (4.871) | 7.947 | (13.454) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (33.782) | 33.429 | (2.145) | 11.564 | (9.984) |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (4.108) | (3.469) | (2.855) | (3.384) | (3.356) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Distributions | (4.108) | (3.469) | (2.855) | (3.384) | (3.356) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$101.70** | **$139.59** | **$109.63** | **$114.63** | **$106.45** |
| **Total Return** | **-24.63%** | **30.63%** | **-1.88%** | **11.10%** | **-8.58%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $25785 | $32880 | $83550 | $118865 | $94242 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets | 0.07%<sup>2</sup> | 0.07% | 0.07% | 0.07% | 0.07% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net <br> Assets<br>| 3.15% | 2.18% | 2.50% | 3.29% | 2.91% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate<sup>3</sup> | 5% | 8% | 7% | 4% | 3% |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements <br> was 0.07%.<br>|
| 3 | Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of <br> the fund's capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.<br>|

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**Investing With Vanguard** 

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard or indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services<sup>®</sup>), please see *Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms*, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate "fund account." For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to "you" in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

**Purchasing Shares** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

**Account Minimums for Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares** 

**To open and maintain an account.** Institutional Shares—$5 million; Institutional Plus Shares—$100 million. If you request Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares when you open a new account but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for the requested share class, your investment will be placed in another share class of the Fund, as appropriate.

Certain Vanguard institutional clients may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating separate accounts within the same fund. This aggregation policy does not apply to financial intermediaries.

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Vanguard may charge additional recordkeeping fees for institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard. Please contact your Vanguard representative to determine whether additional recordkeeping fees apply to your account.

**To add to an existing account.** Generally $1.

**How to Initiate a Purchase Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations*, and *Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your purchase request.

**Online.** You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

**How to Pay for a Purchase** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By check.** You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip or by utilizing our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access. Also see *How to* 

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*Initiate a Purchase Request*. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—1869). For a list of Fund numbers (for share classes in this prospectus), see *Additional Information*.

**By exchange.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See *Exchanging Shares*.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For purchases by **check** into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by **exchange**, **wire**, or **electronic bank transfer** into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by **check** into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

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If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Other Purchase Rules You Should Know** 

**Check purchases.** All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler's checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

**New accounts.** We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

**Refused or rejected purchase requests.** Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

**Large purchases.** Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

**Converting Shares** 

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the "new" shares you receive equals the dollar value of the "old" shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of

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shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a *nontaxable* event.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Share) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See *Other Rules You Should Know*.

**Conversions to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares** 

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or you may contact Vanguard by telephone or by mail to request this transaction. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares will not be automatically converted.

**Conversions to Institutional Select Shares** 

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Select Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if

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you are registered for online access), through a trading platform, by mail, or by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Select Shares will not be automatically converted.

**Conversions to ETF Shares** 

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class** 

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify the investor in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

**Redeeming Shares**

**How to Initiate a Redemption Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations*, and *Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your redemption request.

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**Online.** You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website or our mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

**How to Receive Redemption Proceeds** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Flagship Select clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

**By exchange.** You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Exchanging Shares*.

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**By check**. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For redemptions by **check, exchange**, or **wire**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

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For redemptions by **electronic bank transfer**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" and "Emergency circumstances."

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Other Redemption Rules You Should Know** 

**Documentation for certain accounts.** Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us *before* attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

**Potentially disruptive redemptions.** Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund's operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us *before* you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations* for information about Vanguard's policies to limit frequent trading.

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**Recently purchased shares.** Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

**Address change.** If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

**Payment to a different person or address.** At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

**Emergency circumstances.** Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

**Exchanging Shares** 

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Purchasing Shares* and *Redeeming Shares*.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order* for additional information on all transaction requests.

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Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us *before* you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See *Frequent-Trading Limitations* for additional restrictions on exchanges.

**Frequent-Trading Limitations** 

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund's costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) limits an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard's Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online<sup>®</sup>, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that *shareholders* of Vanguard's funds of funds *are* subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,\* the frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted*, are* subject to the limitations.)

\* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

**Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)** 

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients' accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client's accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client's purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client's exchange privilege.

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**Accounts Held by Intermediaries** 

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary's clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients' trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm's materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

**Other Rules You Should Know** 

**Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings** 

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Vanguard.com** 

**Registration.** If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

**Electronic delivery.** Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under "Account Maintenance." You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

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**Telephone Transactions** 

**Automatic.** When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, *unless you instruct us otherwise in writing*.

**Proof of a caller's authority.** We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

**Good Order** 

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in "good order." Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard's policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

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**Future Trade-Date Requests** 

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in *Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares*, and *Exchanging Shares*. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

**Accounts With More Than One Owner** 

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

**Responsibility for Fraud** 

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

**Uncashed Checks** 

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state's abandoned property law.

**Dormant Accounts** 

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state's abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

**Unusual Circumstances** 

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

**Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms** 

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial

------

intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries* for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

**Right to Change Policies** 

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

**Account Restrictions** 

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

**Share Classes** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

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**Shareholder Rights** 

The Fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard STAR Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application.

**Fund and Account Updates** 

**Confirmation Statements** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Portfolio Summaries** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

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**Tax Information Statements** 

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

**Annual and Semiannual Reports** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund twice a year, in June and December. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

• Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.

• Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

**Portfolio Holdings** 

Please consult the Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings.

**Employer-Sponsored Plans** 

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund's investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at *vanguard.com*.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

------

**Transactions** 

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan's recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

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**Contacting Vanguard** 

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Web** |  |
| Vanguard.com | &nbsp;&nbsp; For the most complete source of Vanguard news <br> For fund, account, and service information <br> For most account transactions <br> For literature requests <br> 24 hours a day, 7 days a week<br>|

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Phone** | **Phone** |
| Investor Information 800-662-7447<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For fund and service information<br> For literature requests<br>|
| Client Services 800-662-2739<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information<br> For most account transactions<br>|
| Participant Services 800-523-1188<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for participants in <br> employer-sponsored plans<br>|
| Institutional Division<br> 888-809-8102<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for large institutional <br> investors<br>|
| Financial Advisor and Intermediary<br> Sales Support 800-997-2798<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for financial intermediaries <br> including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust <br> institutions, and insurance companies<br>|
| Financial Advisory and Intermediary <br> Trading Support 800-669-0498<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information and trading support for <br> financial intermediaries including financial advisors, <br> broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance <br> companies<br>|

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**Additional Information**

The Fund's Bylaws require, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, that the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933. This provision may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp; Inception<br> Date<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Vanguard<br> Fund Number<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; CUSIP<br> Number<br>|
| **Vanguard Total International Stock** <br> **Index Fund**<br>|  |  |  |
| Institutional Shares | 11/29/2010 | 1869 | 921909784 |
| Institutional Plus Shares | 11/30/2010 | 1870 | 921909776 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by Standard & Poor's Financial Services, LLC, and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database,©2023 American Bankers Association. "CUSIP" is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited ("FTSE"), Frank Russell Company ("Russell"), MTS Next Limited ("MTS"), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. ("FTSE TMX"). All rights reserved. "FTSE<sup>®</sup>", "Russell<sup>®</sup>", "MTS<sup>®</sup>", "FTSE TMX<sup>®</sup>" and "FTSE Russell" and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies' index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

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**Glossary of Investment Terms**

**Capital Gains Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

**Common Stock.** A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

**Dividend Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund's investments.

**Expense Ratio.** A fund's total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund's average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

**Float-Adjusted Index.** An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer's securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

**FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.** An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world's investable market capitalization.

**Inception Date.** The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund's investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

**Indexing.** A low-cost investment strategy in which a mutual fund attempts to track—rather than outperform—a specified market benchmark, or "index."

**Joint Committed Credit Facility.** The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund's board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

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**Median Market Capitalization.** An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund's stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund's assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund's assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

**MSCI ACWI ex USA IMI.** A float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States.

**Mutual Fund.** An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

**New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).** A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

**Return of Capital.** A return of capital occurs when a fund's distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund's shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

**Securities.** Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

**Total Return.** A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund's net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

**Volatility.** The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund's volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

**Yield.** Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment's price.

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

**Connect with Vanguard**<sup>®</sup> ˃ vanguard.com

**For More Information** 

If you would like more information about Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

**Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders** 

Additional information about the Fund's investments is available in the Fund's annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year.

**Statement of Additional Information (SAI)** 

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit *vanguard.com* or contact us as follows:

*If you are an individual investor:*

Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

*If you are a client of Vanguard's Institutional Division:*

Telephone: 888-809-8102; Text telephone for people

with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department

Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

**Information Provided by the SEC** 

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC's website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund's Investment Company Act file number: 811-03919© 2023 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 1869 022023

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Prospectus

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;February 27, 2023

**Institutional Select Shares** 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional Select Shares (VTISX)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

**The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**Contents**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Fund Summary](#xx_d2b255a6-ec09-4e9f-9d05-4f90d867b4fb_1) | 1 |
| [Investing in Index Funds](#xx_aec1627a-d8f5-4e91-9d5a-40399fc3ce80_1) | 6 |
| [More on the Fund](#xx_28be9518-8082-43b3-a24c-9afaaeb5d3a5_1) | 7 |
| [The Fund and Vanguard](#xx_28be9518-8082-43b3-a24c-9afaaeb5d3a5_9) | 15 |
| [Investment Advisor](#xx_28be9518-8082-43b3-a24c-9afaaeb5d3a5_10) | 16 |
| [Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes](#xx_28be9518-8082-43b3-a24c-9afaaeb5d3a5_11) | 17 |
| [Share Price](#xx_28be9518-8082-43b3-a24c-9afaaeb5d3a5_14) | 20 |

---

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| [Financial Highlights](#xx_88a5d572-3e21-4dff-907d-d21791b46f17_1) | 22 |
| [Investing With Vanguard](#xx_3ca8a373-f709-4f38-b10a-5c682ac56ca7_1) | 23 |
| [Purchasing Shares](#xx_3ca8a373-f709-4f38-b10a-5c682ac56ca7_2) | 24 |
| [Converting Shares](#xx_3ca8a373-f709-4f38-b10a-5c682ac56ca7_4) | 26 |
| [Redeeming Shares](#xx_3ca8a373-f709-4f38-b10a-5c682ac56ca7_6) | 28 |
| [Exchanging Shares](#xx_3ca8a373-f709-4f38-b10a-5c682ac56ca7_10) | 32 |
| [Plan Participant Transactions](#xx_3ca8a373-f709-4f38-b10a-5c682ac56ca7_11) | 33 |
| [Frequent-Trading Limitations](#xx_3ca8a373-f709-4f38-b10a-5c682ac56ca7_11) | 33 |
| [Other Rules You Should Know](#xx_3ca8a373-f709-4f38-b10a-5c682ac56ca7_15) | 37 |
| [Fund and Account Updates](#xx_3ca8a373-f709-4f38-b10a-5c682ac56ca7_19) | 41 |
| [Contacting Vanguard](#xx_5866869c-9127-423e-938c-bfaabca9ce6b_1) | 43 |
| [Additional Information](#xx_5866869c-9127-423e-938c-bfaabca9ce6b_1) | 43 |
| [Glossary of Investment Terms](#xx_8621a859-1fc3-4d44-bd54-a6a340eabf1d_1) | 45 |

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**Fund Summary**

**Investment Objective**

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States.

**Fees and Expenses**

The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Select Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

**Shareholder Fees**

(Fees paid directly from your investment)

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| |
|:---|
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases |
| Purchase Fee |
| Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends |
| Redemption Fee |

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**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Management Fees | 0.039% |
| 12b-1 Distribution Fee |  |
| Other Expenses | 0.008% |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 0.047%  |

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Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund's Institutional Select Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years |
| $5 | $15 | $27 | $60 |

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Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The Index includes approximately 7,718 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. As of October 31, 2022, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, France, and Switzerland (which made up approximately 15.4%, 10.1%, 8.1%, 7.1%, 6.5%, and 6%, respectively, of the Index's market capitalization). The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in its target index.

**Principal Risks**

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund's share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund's performance:

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• *Stock market risk*, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund's target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• *Investment style risk*, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.

• *Country/regional risk*, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• *Currency risk*, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• *Emerging markets risk*, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• *Index replicating risk*, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

**An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.**

**Annual Total Returns**

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund's Institutional Select Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Institutional Select Shares compare with those of the Fund's target index, which

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has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at *vanguard.com/performance* or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447.

**Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional Select Shares**

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![](tisii1969_7.jpg)

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Total Return | Quarter |
| Highest | 18.13% | June 30, 2020 |
| Lowest | -24.30% | March 31, 2020 |

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**Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2022** 

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | 1 Year | 5 Years | Since <br> Fund <br> Inception<br>| Fund <br> Inception <br> Date<br>|
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index** <br> **Fund Institutional Select Shares**<br>|  |  |  | **6/24/2016** |
| Return Before Taxes | -15.94% | 1.16% | 6.02% |  |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | -16.55 | 0.43 | 5.25 |  |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of <br> Fund Shares<br>| -9.00 | 0.86 | 4.69 |  |
| **FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index**<br> (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)<br>| -16.10% | 1.10% | 5.96% |  |

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Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or

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upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned *Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares* may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

**Investment Advisor** 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016).

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares**

Institutional clients (such as defined contribution or benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and 529 plans) may purchase or redeem shares online (if you are registered for online access); through a trading platform; by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901); or by telephone (800-523-1036). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Institutional Select Shares is generally $3 billion. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1.

**Tax Information**

The Fund's distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gain. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan, special tax rules apply.

**Payments to Financial Intermediaries** 

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

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**Investing in Index Funds** 

**What Is Indexing?** 

Indexing is an investment strategy for tracking the performance of a specified market benchmark, or "index." An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. There are many types of indexes. Some represent entire markets—such as the U.S. stock market or the U.S. bond market. Other indexes cover market segments—such as small-capitalization stocks or short-term bonds. One cannot invest directly in an index.

The index sponsor determines the securities to include in the index and the weighting of each security in the index. Under normal circumstances, the index sponsor will rebalance an index on a regular schedule. An index sponsor may carry out additional ad hoc index rebalances or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance. Generally, the index sponsor does not provide any warranty, or accept any liability, with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of either the target index or its related data. Errors made by the index sponsor may occur from time to time and may not be identified by the index sponsor for a period of time or at all. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against such errors. Therefore, the gains, losses, or costs associated with the index sponsor's errors will generally be borne by the index fund and its shareholders.

An index fund seeks to hold all, or a representative sample, of the securities that make up its target index. Index funds attempt to mirror the performance of the target index, for better or worse. However, an index fund generally does not perform *exactly* like its target index. For example, index funds have operating expenses and transaction costs. Market indexes do not, and therefore they will usually have a slight performance advantage over funds that track them. The ability of an index fund to match its performance to that of its target index can also be impacted by, among other things, the timing and size of cash flows, asset valuation differences, and the size of the fund. Market disruptions could also have an adverse effect on a fund's ability to adjust its exposure to the required levels in order to track the index. The risk that a fund may not track the performance of its target index may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or other unusual market conditions.

Index funds typically have the following characteristics:

• *Variety of investments*. Depending on a fund's benchmark index, the fund may invest in the securities of a variety of companies, industries, and/or governments or government agencies.

• *Relative performance consistency*. Because they seek to track market benchmarks, index funds usually do not perform dramatically better or worse than their benchmarks.

• *Low cost*. Index funds are generally inexpensive to run compared with actively managed funds. They have low or no research costs and typically keep trading activity—and thus brokerage commissions and other transaction costs—to a minimum compared with actively managed funds.

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**More on the Fund** 

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Look for this ![](flag.gif) symbol throughout the prospectus. It is used to mark detailed information about the more significant risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk<sup>®</sup> explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

**Share Class Overview**

This prospectus offers the Fund's Institutional Select Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $3 billion. Separate prospectuses offer the Fund's Investor Shares and Admiral™ Shares, which generally have investment minimums of $3,000. Another prospectus offers the Fund's Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million or $100 million, respectively. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes have different expenses; as a result, their investment returns will differ.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Fund Expenses |
| All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are <br> deducted from a fund's gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the <br> net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated <br> in the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard Total International Stock Index <br> Fund Institutional Select Shares' expense ratio would be 0.047%, or $0.47 <br> per $1,000 of average net assets. The average expense ratio for international <br> funds in 2021 was 1.23%, or $12.30 per $1,000 of average net assets <br> (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which <br> reports on the mutual fund industry).<br>|

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Costs of Investing |
| Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is <br> because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of <br> operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or <br> sells securities. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross <br> income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small <br> differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a <br> fund's performance.<br>|

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The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund's board of trustees, which oversees the Fund's management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund's investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days' notice to shareholders.

**Market Exposure** 

The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks included in the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About International Investing |
| U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not <br> typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond <br> markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign <br> companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar <br> auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and <br> recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S. <br> government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of <br> similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers, <br> companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to less government <br> supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the United States. <br> Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the United States <br> by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, <br> could impair a fund's ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise <br> transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to foreign <br> securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively affect <br> the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.<br>|

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***The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund's investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund's target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.***

![](flag.gif)

***The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund's performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.*** 

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***The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.***

The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks held in the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. As of October 31, 2022, the approximate allocation of the Index was as follows: 39% in the European region, 27% in the Pacific region, 25% in emerging markets, and 8% in North America. The Index includes stocks of small-, mid-, and large-capitalization companies. As of October 31, 2022, the Index had an asset-weighted median market capitalization of $26.7 billion.

![](flag.gif)

***The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.***

**Market Disruptions**

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund's investments and Fund performance.

**Security Selection**

The Fund uses the replication method of indexing, meaning that the Fund generally holds the same stocks as those in its target index, and in approximately the same proportions.

The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country, but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold

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depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund's portfolio.

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*The Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index*.***

The ability of the advisor to purchase or dispose of certain Fund investments is or may be restricted or impaired because of limitations imposed by law, regulation, or by certain regulators or issuers. As a result, the advisor may be required to limit purchases or sell existing investments. If a Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer, then the Fund may seek to obtain regulatory relief or ownership waivers. Other options a Fund may pursue include seeking to obtain economic exposure to that issuer through alternative means, such as through a derivative or through investment in a wholly owned subsidiary, both of which may be more costly than owning securities of the issuer directly. Ownership restrictions and limitations could result in unanticipated tax consequences to a Fund that may affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders. See *Other Investment Policies and Risks* for further information related to derivatives.

**Other Investment Policies and Risks**

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund's agreement with the sponsor of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund's board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of

leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

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The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund's securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

**Cash Management** 

The Fund's daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund and/or Vanguard Municipal Cash Management Fund (each, a CMT Fund), which are low-cost money market funds. When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

**Redemption Requests**

**Methods used to meet redemption requests.** Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund's holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor's transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see "Emergency circumstances" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

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**Potential redemption activity impacts.** At times, the Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders, or multiple shareholders comprising significant ownership of the Fund, redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Large redemptions may cause the Fund to sell portfolio securities at times when it would not otherwise do so. This may result in the Fund distributing capital gains or other taxable income to non-redeeming shareholders. Large redemptions may also increase the Fund's transaction costs. Redemption activity can occur for many reasons, including shareholder reactions to market movements or other events unrelated to Vanguard's actions, or when Vanguard makes product changes that, for example, may result in a shareholder redeeming shares of the Fund to purchase shares of another similar fund or investment vehicle. When experiencing large redemptions, the Fund reserves the right to pay all or part of the redemption in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" under *Redeeming Shares* in the **Investing With Vanguard** section.

**Temporary Investment Measures**

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund's best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund's investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund's investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately.

**Frequent Trading or Market-Timing**

**Background.** Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund's shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by *all* fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor's ability to efficiently manage the fund.

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**Policies to address frequent trading.** The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the **Investing With Vanguard** section, an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the **Investing With Vanguard** section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard's transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the *Share Price* section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

**Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.**

**A precautionary note to investment companies:** The Fund's shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment

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companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

**Turnover Rate**

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. Because of this, the turnover rate for the Fund has been very low. The **Financial Highlights** section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund's return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

**The Fund and Vanguard** 

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds' marketing costs.

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|:---|
| Plain Talk About Vanguard's Unique Corporate Structure |
| Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the <br> shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by <br> management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or <br> private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve. <br>|

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**Investment Advisor**

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2022, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $5.9 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds' Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of less than 0.01% of the Fund's average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund's board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund's advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund's sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund's investment advisory arrangement, see the most recent semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

**Christine D. Franquin,** Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed the Fund since 2017. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

**Michael Perre,** Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., Saint Joseph's University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

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The Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* provides information about each portfolio manager's compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

**Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes**

**Fund Distributions**

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Distributions |
| As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund's income from <br> interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund's sale of <br> investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from <br> any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any for higher prices than <br> it paid for them. These capital gains are either short-term or long-term, <br> depending on whether the fund held the securities for one year or less or for <br> more than one year.<br>|

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**Basic Tax Points**

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Distributions declared in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on "qualified dividend income," if any, or a special tax deduction on "qualified REIT dividends," if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions may vary considerably from year to year as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities and cash flows.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the *same* fund is a *nontaxable* event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of *different* funds is a *taxable* event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on "net investment income." Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any

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amount designated as your portion of a Fund's foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as a 401(k) plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

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| |
|:---|
| Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend |
| Unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged account (such as a <br> 401(k) plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly <br> before the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money <br> in taxes. This is known as "buying a dividend." For example: On <br> December 15, you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund <br> pays a distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop <br> to $19 (not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x <br> $19 = $4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), <br> but you *owe tax* on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest <br> it in more shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund's distribution <br> schedule before you invest.<br>|

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**General Information** 

**Backup withholding.** By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

**Foreign investors.** Vanguard funds offered for sale in the United States (Vanguard U.S. funds), including the Fund offered in this prospectus, are not widely available outside the United States. Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments in Vanguard U.S. funds. Foreign investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at *vanguard.com* for information on Vanguard's non-U.S. products.

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**Invalid addresses.** If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

**Share Price** 

Share price, also known as *net asset value* (NAV), is calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund's assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their *market value* when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at its *fair value* (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund's pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund's pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement)

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or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund's pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

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**Financial Highlights** 

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund's performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund's most recent annual report to shareholders. You may obtain a free copy of a fund's latest annual or semiannual report, which is available upon request.

**Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional Select Shares** 

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, | Year Ended October 31, |
| For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 |
| **Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period** | **$147.04** | **$115.49** | **$120.75** | **$112.10** | **$126.15** |
| **Investment Operations** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Investment Income<sup>1</sup> | 4.059 | 3.731 | 2.896 | 3.421 | 3.679 |
| Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on <br> Investments<br>| (39.609) | 31.522 | (5.120) | 8.783 | (14.163) |
| Total from Investment Operations | (35.550) | 35.253 | (2.224) | 12.204 | (10.484) |
| **Distributions** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Dividends from Net Investment Income | (4.360) | (3.703) | (3.036) | (3.554) | (3.566) |
| Distributions from Realized Capital Gains |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total Distributions | (4.360) | (3.703) | (3.036) | (3.554) | (3.566) |
| **Net Asset Value, End of Period** | **$107.13** | **$147.04** | **$115.49** | **$120.75** | **$112.10** |
| **Total Return** | **-24.61%** | **30.66%** | **-1.85%** | **11.13%** | **-8.56%** |
| **Ratios/Supplemental Data** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $8277 | $10014 | $8045 | $3437 | $11470 |
| Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets | 0.047%<sup>2</sup> | 0.045% | 0.045% | 0.045% | 0.045% |
| Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net <br> Assets<br>| 3.19% | 2.60% | 2.52% | 2.98% | 2.93% |
| Portfolio Turnover Rate<sup>3</sup> | 5% | 8% | 7% | 4% | 3% |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 1 | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| 2 | The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements <br> was 0.047%.<br>|
| 3 | Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of <br> the fund's capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.<br>|

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**Investing With Vanguard** 

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard or indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services<sup>®</sup>), please see *Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms*, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. Vanguard reserves the right to change the following policies without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate "fund account." For example, if you hold three funds in a corporate account and offer six funds in a defined contribution plan account, you have two fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to "you" in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

**For Plan Participants** 

If Institutional Select Shares of the Fund are an investment option in your retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option. If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund's investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to plan participant transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

**Investment Options and Allocations** 

Your plan's specific provisions may allow you to change your investment selections, the amount of your contributions, or the allocation of your contributions among the investment choices available to you. Contact your plan administrator or employee benefits office for more details.

See *Plan Participant Transactions.* 

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**Purchasing Shares** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

**Account Minimums for Institutional Select Shares** 

**To open and maintain an account.** Generally $3 billion. Available only to institutional clients (such as defined contribution or benefit plans, endowments, foundations, and 529 plans). If you request Institutional Select Shares when you open a new account but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for Institutional Select Shares, your investment will be placed in another share class of the Fund, as appropriate.

Investment minimums may differ for a Vanguard collective investment trust with a similar mandate.

**How to Initiate a Purchase Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know* before placing your purchase request.

New clients interested in purchasing Institutional Select Shares in a fund account should contact their Vanguard Sales Executive or call 800-523-1036.

Existing clients interested in purchasing additional shares or exchanging shares may make a request by contacting their Vanguard Relationship Manager, submitting a request through a trading platform, or making a request by mail (Vanguard, P.O. Box 1101, Valley Forge, PA 19482-1101).

Certain Vanguard institutional clients may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating separate accounts within the same fund. This aggregation policy does not apply to financial intermediaries.

Vanguard may charge additional recordkeeping fees for institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard. Please contact your Vanguard representative to determine whether additional recordkeeping fees apply to your account.

**To add to an existing account.** Generally $1.

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**How to Pay for a Purchase** 

**By electronic bank transfer or wire.** You may purchase Institutional Select Shares by an electronic bank transfer or by wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please contact your Vanguard Relationship Manager or Vanguard Sales Executive for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By exchange.** You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See *Exchanging Shares*.

Your purchase or exchange request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. All new and existing clients are encouraged to contact their Vanguard Relationship Manager or Vanguard Sales Executive to discuss options for purchasing or exchanging shares.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For purchases by **check** into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by **exchange**, **wire**, or **electronic bank transfer** into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by **check** into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade

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date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Other Purchase Rules You Should Know** 

**New accounts.** We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

**Refused or rejected purchase requests.** Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund's operation or performance.

**Large purchases.** Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

**Converting Shares** 

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the "new" shares you receive equals the dollar value of the "old" shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your

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investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a *nontaxable* event.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See *Other Rules You Should Know*.

**Conversions to Institutional Select Shares** 

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Select Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), through a trading platform, by mail, or by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Select Shares will not be automatically converted.

**Conversions to ETF Shares** 

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert

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those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class** 

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify the investor in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

**Redeeming Shares**

**How to Initiate a Redemption Request** 

Be sure to check *Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Kno*w before placing your redemption request.

**Online.** You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website or mobile application if your account is eligible and you are registered for online access.

**By telephone.** You may call your Vanguard Relationship Manager or Vanguard Client Account Manager to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**By mail.** You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

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**How to Receive Redemption Proceeds** 

**By electronic bank transfer.** You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

**By wire.** To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Flagship Select clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

**By exchange.** You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Exchanging Shares*.

**By check**. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

**Trade Date**

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated

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disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

For redemptions by **check, exchange**, or **wire**: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order*.

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If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see "Potentially disruptive redemptions" and "Emergency circumstances."

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Other Redemption Rules You Should Know** 

**Documentation for certain accounts.** Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us *before* attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

**Potentially disruptive redemptions.** Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund's operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us *before* you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard's policies to limit frequent trading.

**Recently purchased shares.** Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

**Address change.** If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

**Payment to a different person or address.** At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional

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documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

**No cancellations.** Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

**Emergency circumstances.** Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

**Exchanging Shares** 

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See *Purchasing Shares* and *Redeeming Shares*.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See *Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order* for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us *before* you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Plan participants should consider the following before making an exchange to or from another fund available in your plan:

• Certain investment options, particularly funds made up of company stock or investment contracts, may be subject to unique restrictions.

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• Vanguard can accept exchanges only as permitted by your plan. Contact your plan administrator for details on other exchange policies that apply to your plan.

Before making an exchange into another fund, it is important to read that fund's prospectus. To obtain a copy, please contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188.

**Plan Participant Transactions** 

Plan participant transaction requests (e.g., a contribution, an exchange, or a redemption) must be in good order. Good order means that Vanguard has determined that (1) your transaction request includes complete information and (2) appropriate assets are already in your account or new assets have been received or, if funded via ACH, credited to your account.

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan's recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

Your transaction will then be based on the next-determined NAV of the Fund's Institutional Select Shares. If your transaction request is received in good order before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), you will receive that day's NAV and trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See *Share Price*.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

**Frequent-Trading Limitations** 

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund's costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other

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than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) limits an investor's purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to the following:

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard's Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online<sup>®</sup>, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services<sup>®</sup>, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that *shareholders* of Vanguard's funds of funds *are* subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,\* the frequent-trading limitations *do not* apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted*, are* subject to the limitations.)

The exchange privilege (your ability to purchase shares of a fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another fund) may be available to you through your plan. Although we make every effort to maintain the exchange privilege, Vanguard reserves the right to revise or terminate this privilege, limit the amount of an exchange, or reject any exchange, at any time, without notice. Because excessive exchanges can disrupt the management of the Vanguard funds and increase their transaction costs, Vanguard places certain limits on the exchange privilege.

If you are exchanging *out* of any Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund), you must wait 30 calendar days before exchanging *back into* the fund. This policy applies *regardless of the dollar amount*. Please note that the 30-day clock restarts after every exchange out of the fund.

\* The following Vanguard fund accounts are subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

**Plans for which Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper.** If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, your plan's recordkeeper will establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of its clients. In such accounts, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary's clients. Intermediaries also may monitor participants' trading activity with respect to Vanguard funds.

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For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries that establish accounts in the Vanguard funds will be asked to assess these fees on participant accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If a firm other than Vanguard serves as recordkeeper for your plan, please read that firm's materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

**Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)** 

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients' accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client's accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client's purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client's exchange privilege.

**Accounts Held by Intermediaries** 

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary's clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients' trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm's materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

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**Other Rules You Should Know** 

**Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings** 

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See *Contacting Vanguard*.

**Vanguard.com** 

**Registration.** If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

**Electronic delivery.** Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of *vanguard.com*, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under "Account Maintenance." You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

**Telephone Transactions** 

**Automatic.** When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, *unless you instruct us otherwise in writing*.

**Proof of a caller's authority.** We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

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**Good Order** 

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in "good order." Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard's policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at *vanguard.com* or see *Contacting Vanguard*.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

**Future Trade-Date Requests** 

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in *Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares*, and *Exchanging Shares*. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

**Accounts With More Than One Owner** 

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

**Responsibility for Fraud** 

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

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Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

**Uncashed Checks** 

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state's abandoned property law.

**Dormant Accounts** 

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state's abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

**Unusual Circumstances** 

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

**Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms** 

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see *Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries* for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

**Low-Balance Accounts** 

The Fund reserves the right to convert an investor's Institutional Select Shares to another share class, as appropriate, if the fund account balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. Any such conversion will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

**Right to Change Policies** 

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee

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charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

**Account Restrictions** 

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

**Share Classes** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

**Shareholder Rights** 

The Fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard STAR Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application.

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**Fund and Account Updates** 

**Confirmation Statements** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Portfolio Summaries** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

**Tax Information Statements** 

For many accounts, we (or your intermediary) are required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) tax forms for each calendar year early in the following year. For taxable accounts, these forms will generally report the previous year's dividends, capital gains distributions, and proceeds from the sale of shares. For 401(k) plans and other retirement plans and accounts, these forms will generally report distributions from those accounts during the previous year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

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**Annual and Semiannual Reports** 

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) reports about Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund twice a year, in June and December. These reports include overviews of the financial markets and provide the following specific Fund information:

• Performance assessments and comparisons with industry benchmarks.

• Financial statements with listings of Fund holdings.

**Portfolio Holdings** 

Please consult the Fund's *Statement of Additional Information* or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund's portfolio holdings.

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**Contacting Vanguard** 

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Web** |  |
| Vanguard.com | &nbsp;&nbsp; For the most complete source of Vanguard news <br> For fund, account, and service information <br> For most account transactions <br> For literature requests <br> 24 hours a day, 7 days a week<br>|

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Phone** | **Phone** |
| Investor Information 800-662-7447<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For fund and service information<br> For literature requests<br>|
| Client Services 800-662-2739<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information<br> For most account transactions<br>|
| Participant Services 800-523-1188<br> (Text telephone for people with <br> hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for participants in <br> employer-sponsored plans<br>|
| Institutional Division<br> 888-809-8102<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for large institutional <br> investors<br>|
| Financial Advisor and Intermediary<br> Sales Support 800-997-2798<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For information and services for financial intermediaries <br> including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust <br> institutions, and insurance companies<br>|
| Financial Advisory and Intermediary <br> Trading Support 800-669-0498<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; For account information and trading support for <br> financial intermediaries including financial advisors, <br> broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance <br> companies<br>|

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**Additional Information**

The Fund's Bylaws require, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, that the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933. This provision may limit a shareholder's ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp; Inception <br> Date<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Vanguard<br> Fund<br> Number<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; CUSIP<br> Number<br>|
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund** |  |  |  |
| Institutional Select Shares | 6/24/2016 | 1969 | 921909743 |

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CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by Standard & Poor's Financial Services, LLC, and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database,©2023 American Bankers Association. "CUSIP" is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited ("FTSE"), Frank Russell Company ("Russell"), MTS Next Limited ("MTS"), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. ("FTSE TMX"). All rights reserved. "FTSE<sup>®</sup>", "Russell<sup>®</sup>", "MTS<sup>®</sup>", "FTSE TMX<sup>®</sup>" and "FTSE Russell" and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies' index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

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**Glossary of Investment Terms**

**Capital Gains Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

**Common Stock.** A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

**Dividend Distributions.** Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund's investments.

**Expense Ratio.** A fund's total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund's average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

**Float-Adjusted Index.** An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer's securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

**FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index.** An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world's investable market capitalization.

**Inception Date.** The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund's investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

**Indexing.** A low-cost investment strategy in which a mutual fund attempts to track—rather than outperform—a specified market benchmark, or "index."

**Joint Committed Credit Facility.** The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund's board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

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**Median Market Capitalization.** An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund's stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund's assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund's assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

**Mutual Fund.** An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

**New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).** A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

**Return of Capital.** A return of capital occurs when a fund's distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund's shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

**Securities.** Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

**Total Return.** A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund's net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

**Volatility.** The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund's volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

**Yield.** Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment's price.

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![](vanguard_2.jpg)

**Connect with Vanguard**<sup>®</sup> ˃ vanguard.com

**For More Information** 

If you would like more information about Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

**Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders** 

Additional information about the Fund's investments is available in the Fund's annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year.

**Statement of Additional Information (SAI)** 

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To receive a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit *vanguard.com* or contact us as follows:

*If you are a client of Vanguard's Institutional Division:*

Telephone: 888-809-8102; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department

Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

**Information Provided by the SEC** 

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC's website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund's Investment Company Act file number: 811-03919© 2023 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 1969 022023

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**PART B**

**VANGUARD**<sup>®</sup> **STAR**<sup>®</sup> **FUNDS**

**STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION**

**February 27, 2023**

This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus but should be read in conjunction with a Fund's current prospectus (dated February 27, 2023). To obtain, without charge, a prospectus or the most recent Annual Report to Shareholders, which contains the Fund's [<u>financial statements</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/736054/000110465921154142/tm2134327d3_ncsr.htm) as hereby incorporated by reference, please contact The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard).

**Phone: Investor Information Department at 800-662-7447**

**Online: vanguard.com**

**[**TABLE OF CONTENTS**](#xx_8db628ed-361d-4775-a23f-71087f99ed64_0_0)** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **[Description of the Trust](#xx_e20d8935-08cc-4c32-99b1-42b51ccd21c7_1)** | **B-1** |
| **[Fundamental Policies](#xx_e20d8935-08cc-4c32-99b1-42b51ccd21c7_3)** | **B-4** |
| **[Investment Strategies, Risks, and Nonfundamental Policies](#xx_e20d8935-08cc-4c32-99b1-42b51ccd21c7_4)** | **B-5** |
| **[Share Price](#xx_e20d8935-08cc-4c32-99b1-42b51ccd21c7_33)** | **B-34** |
| **[Purchase and Redemption of Shares](#xx_e20d8935-08cc-4c32-99b1-42b51ccd21c7_33)** | **B-34** |
| **[Management of the Funds](#xx_e20d8935-08cc-4c32-99b1-42b51ccd21c7_35)** | **B-36** |
| **[Investment Advisory and Other Services](#xx_f46f09eb-4377-4d4c-8b76-3baf9200d501_1)** | **B-52** |
| **[Portfolio Transactions](#xx_f46f09eb-4377-4d4c-8b76-3baf9200d501_4)** | **B-55** |
| **[Proxy Voting](#xx_f46f09eb-4377-4d4c-8b76-3baf9200d501_5)** | **B-56** |
| **[Information About the ETF Share Class](#xx_f46f09eb-4377-4d4c-8b76-3baf9200d501_5)** | **B-56** |
| **[Financial Statements](#xx_f46f09eb-4377-4d4c-8b76-3baf9200d501_26)** | **B-77** |
| **[Appendix A](#xx_f46f09eb-4377-4d4c-8b76-3baf9200d501_27)** | **B-78** |

---

**Description of the Trust**

Vanguard STAR Funds (the Trust) currently offers the following funds and share classes (identified by ticker symbol):

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | **Share Classes**<sup>1</sup>  | **Share Classes**<sup>1</sup>  | **Share Classes**<sup>1</sup>  | **Share Classes**<sup>1</sup>  |
| **Fund**<sup>2</sup> <br>| **Investor** | **Admiral** | **Institutional** | **Institutional Plus** | **Institutional Select** | **ETF** |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy<sup>®</sup> Conservative Growth <br> Fund<sup>3</sup> <br>| VSCGX |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund<sup>3</sup> <br>| VASGX |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund<sup>3</sup> <br>| VASIX |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth <br> Fund<sup>3</sup> <br>| VSMGX |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vanguard STAR Fund | VGSTX |  |  |  |  |  |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | VGTSX | VTIAX | VTSNX | VTPSX | VTISX | VXUS<sup>4</sup> <br>|

---

Individually, a class; collectively, the classes.

Individually, a Fund; collectively, the Funds.

Individually, a LifeStrategy Fund; collectively, the LifeStrategy Funds.

Exchange Nasdaq

**B-1**

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The Trust has the ability to offer additional funds or classes of shares. There is no limit on the number of full and fractional shares that may be issued for a single fund or class of shares.

Throughout this document, any references to "class" apply only to the extent a Fund issues multiple classes.

**Organization** 

The Trust was organized as a Pennsylvania business trust in 1983 and was reorganized as a Delaware statutory trust in 1998. The Trust is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) as an open-end management investment company. All Funds within the Trust are classified as diversified within the meaning of the 1940 Act.

**Service Providers**

***Custodians.*** JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. 383 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10179 serves as the Funds' custodian. The custodian is responsible for maintaining the Funds' assets, keeping all necessary accounts and records of Fund assets, and appointing any foreign subcustodians or foreign securities depositories.

***Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.*** PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Two Commerce Square, Suite 1800, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7042, serves as the Funds' independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm audits the Funds' annual financial statements and provides other related services.

***Transfer and Dividend-Paying Agent.*** The Funds' transfer agent and dividend-paying agent is Vanguard, P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482.

**Characteristics of the Funds' Shares**

***Restrictions on Holding or Disposing of Shares.*** There are no restrictions on the right of shareholders to retain or dispose of a Fund's shares, other than those described in the Fund's current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information. Each Fund or class may be terminated by reorganization into another mutual fund or class or by liquidation and distribution of the assets of the Fund or class. Unless terminated by reorganization or liquidation, each Fund and share class will continue indefinitely.

***Shareholder Liability.*** The Trust is organized under Delaware law, which provides that shareholders of a statutory trust are entitled to the same limitations of personal liability as shareholders of a corporation organized under Delaware law. This means that a shareholder of a Fund generally will not be personally liable for payment of the Fund's debts. Some state courts, however, may not apply Delaware law on this point. We believe that the possibility of such a situation arising is remote.

***Dividend Rights.*** The shareholders of each class of a Fund are entitled to receive any dividends or other distributions declared by the Fund for each such class. No shares of a Fund have priority or preference over any other shares of the Fund with respect to distributions. Distributions will be made from the assets of the Fund and will be paid ratably to all shareholders of a particular class according to the number of shares of the class held by shareholders on the record date. The amount of dividends per share may vary between separate share classes of the Fund based upon differences in the net asset values of the different classes and differences in the way that expenses are allocated between share classes pursuant to a multiple class plan approved by the Fund's board of trustees.

***Voting Rights.*** Shareholders are entitled to vote on a matter if (1) the matter concerns an amendment to the Declaration of Trust that would adversely affect to a material degree the rights and preferences of the shares of a Fund or any class; (2) the trustees determine that it is necessary or desirable to obtain a shareholder vote; (3) a merger or consolidation, share conversion, share exchange, or sale of assets is proposed and a shareholder vote is required by the 1940 Act to approve the transaction; or (4) a shareholder vote is required under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires a shareholder vote under various circumstances, including to elect or remove trustees upon the written request of shareholders representing 10% or more of a Fund's net assets, to change any fundamental policy of a Fund (please see **Fundamental Policies**), and to enter into certain merger transactions. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, shareholders of a Fund receive one vote for each dollar of net asset value owned on the record date and a fractional vote for each fractional dollar of net asset value owned on the record date. However, only the shares of the Fund or the

**B-2**

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class affected by a particular matter are entitled to vote on that matter. In addition, each class has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to that class, and each class has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of another. Voting rights are noncumulative and cannot be modified without a majority vote by the shareholders.

***Liquidation Rights.*** In the event that a Fund is liquidated, shareholders will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund's net assets. In the event that a class of shares is liquidated, shareholders of that class will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund's net assets that are allocated to that class. Shareholders may receive cash, securities, or a combination of the two.

***Preemptive Rights.*** There are no preemptive rights associated with the Funds' shares.

***Conversion Rights.*** Shareholders of Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund may convert their shares to another class of shares of the same Fund upon the satisfaction of any then-applicable eligibility requirements, as described in the Fund's current prospectus. Shareholders of Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund may convert their shares to another class of shares of the same Fund upon the satisfaction of any then-applicable eligibility requirements, as described in the Fund's current prospectus. ETF Shares cannot be converted into conventional shares of the Total International Stock Index Fund by a shareholder. For additional information about the conversion rights applicable to ETF Shares, please see **Information About the ETF Share Class**. There are no conversion rights associated with the other Funds.

***Redemption Provisions.*** Each Fund's redemption provisions are described in its current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information.

***Sinking Fund Provisions.*** The Funds have no sinking fund provisions.

***Calls or Assessment.*** Each Fund's shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.

***Shareholder Rights.*** Any limitations on a shareholder's right to bring an action do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such limitations.

**Tax Status of the Funds** 

Each Fund expects to qualify each year for treatment as a "regulated investment company" under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the IRC). This special tax status means that the Fund will not be liable for federal tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. In order to preserve its tax status, each Fund must comply with certain requirements relating to the source of its income and the diversification of its assets. If a Fund fails to meet these requirements in any taxable year, the Fund will, in some cases, be able to cure such failure, including by paying a fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions, and/or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund is ineligible to or otherwise does not cure such failure for any year, it will be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before regaining its tax status as a regulated investment company.

Dividends received and distributed by each Fund on shares of stock of domestic corporations (excluding Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)) and certain foreign corporations generally may be eligible to be reported by the Fund, and treated by individual shareholders, as "qualified dividend income" taxed at long-term capital gain rates instead of at higher ordinary income tax rates. Individuals must satisfy holding period and other requirements in order to be eligible for such treatment. Also, distributions attributable to income earned on a Fund's securities lending transactions, including substitute dividend payments received by a Fund with respect to a security out on loan, will not be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

Taxable ordinary dividends received and distributed by each Fund on its REIT holdings may be eligible to be reported by each Fund, and treated by individual shareholders, as "qualified REIT dividends" that are eligible for a 20% deduction on their federal income tax returns. Individuals must satisfy holding period and other requirements in order to be eligible for this deduction. Without further legislation, the deduction would sunset after 2025. Shareholders should consult their own tax professionals concerning their eligibility for this deduction.

**B-3**

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Dividends received and distributed by each Fund on shares of stock of domestic corporations (excluding REITs) may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction applicable to corporate shareholders. Corporations must satisfy certain requirements in order to claim the deduction. Capital gains distributed by each Fund are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

Each Fund may declare a capital gain dividend consisting of the excess (if any) of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized short-term capital losses. Net capital gains for a fiscal year are computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforwards of the Fund. Capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely and retain their character as either short-term or long-term.

**Fundamental Policies**

Each Fund is subject to the following fundamental investment policies, which cannot be changed in any material way without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund's shares. For these purposes, a "majority" of shares means shares representing the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the Fund's net assets voted, so long as shares representing more than 50% of the Fund's net assets are present or represented by proxy or (2) more than 50% of the Fund's net assets.

***Borrowing.*** Each Fund may borrow money only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

***Commodities.*** Each Fund may invest in commodities only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

***Industry Concentration.*** For the Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds and Vanguard STAR Fund: Each Fund will not concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the same industry or same group of industries.

For Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund: The Fund will not concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the same industry or group of industries, except as may be necessary to approximate the composition of its target index.

***Investment Objective.*** The investment objectives of the LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund, LifeStrategy Growth Fund, LifeStrategy Income Fund, LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund and STAR Fund may not be materially changed without a shareholder vote.

***Loans.*** Each Fund may make loans to another person only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

***Real Estate.*** Each Fund may not invest directly in real estate unless it is acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This restriction shall not prevent a Fund from investing in securities or other instruments (1) issued by companies that invest, deal, or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or (2) backed or secured by real estate or interests in real estate.

***Senior Securities.*** Each Fund may not issue senior securities except as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

***Underwriting.*** Each Fund may not act as an underwriter of another issuer's securities, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act), in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

Compliance with the fundamental policies previously described is generally measured at the time the securities are purchased. Unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act (as is the case with borrowing), if a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time the investment is made, a later change in percentage resulting from a change in the market value of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction. All fundamental policies must comply with applicable regulatory requirements. For more details, see **Investment Strategies, Risks, and Nonfundamental Policies**.

None of these policies prevents the Funds from having an ownership interest in Vanguard. As a part owner of Vanguard, each Fund may own securities issued by Vanguard, make loans to Vanguard, and contribute to Vanguard's costs or other financial requirements. See **Management of the Funds** for more information.

**B-4**

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**Investment Strategies, Risks, and Nonfundamental Policies**

Some of the investment strategies and policies described on the following pages and in each Fund's prospectus set forth percentage limitations on a Fund's investment in, or holdings of, certain securities or other assets. Unless otherwise required by law, compliance with these strategies and policies will be determined immediately after the acquisition of such securities or assets by the Fund. Subsequent changes in values, net assets, or other circumstances will not be considered when determining whether the investment complies with the Fund's investment strategies and policies.

The following investment strategies, risks, and policies supplement each Fund's investment strategies, risks, and policies set forth in the prospectus. With respect to the different investments discussed as follows, a Fund may acquire such investments to the extent consistent with its investment strategies and policies.

The Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds and Vanguard STAR Fund are indirectly exposed to the investment strategies and policies of the underlying Vanguard funds in which they invest and are therefore subject to all risks associated with the investment strategies and policies of the underlying Vanguard funds. The investment strategies and policies and associated risks detailed in this section also include those to which the Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds and Vanguard STAR Fund indirectly may be exposed through their investment in the underlying Vanguard funds.

***Asset-Backed Securities.*** Asset-backed securities represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of underlying assets such as debt securities, bank loans, motor vehicle installment sales contracts, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, receivables from revolving credit (i.e., credit card) agreements, and other categories of receivables. These underlying assets are securitized through the use of trusts and special purpose entities. Payment of interest and repayment of principal on asset-backed securities may be largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the underlying assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, may be supported by letters of credit, surety bonds, or other credit enhancements. The rate of principal payments on asset-backed securities is related to the rate of principal payments, including prepayments, on the underlying assets. The credit quality of asset-backed securities depends primarily on the quality of the underlying assets, the level of credit support, if any, provided for the securities, and the credit quality of the credit-support provider, if any. The value of asset-backed securities may be affected by the various factors described above and other factors, such as changes in interest rates, the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool, the originator of the underlying assets, or the entities providing the credit enhancement.

Asset-backed securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity date would indicate, as a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying assets. Prepayments of principal by borrowers or foreclosure or other enforcement action by creditors shortens the term of the underlying assets. The occurrence of prepayments is a function of several factors, such as the level of interest rates, the general economic conditions, the location and age of the underlying obligations, and other social and demographic conditions. A fund's ability to maintain positions in asset-backed securities is affected by the reductions in the principal amount of the underlying assets because of prepayments. A fund's ability to reinvest such prepayments of principal (as well as interest and other distributions and sale proceeds) at a comparable yield is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. The value of asset-backed securities varies with changes in market interest rates generally and the differentials in yields among various kinds of U.S. government securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. In periods of rising interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the average life of the underlying securities. Conversely, in periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the average life of such assets. Because prepayments of principal generally occur when interest rates are declining, an investor, such as a fund, generally has to reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at lower interest rates than those at which the assets were previously invested. Therefore, asset-backed securities have less potential for capital appreciation in periods of falling interest rates than other income-bearing securities of comparable maturity.

Because asset-backed securities generally do not have the benefit of a security interest in the underlying assets that is comparable to a mortgage, asset-backed securities present certain additional risks that are not present with mortgage-backed securities. For example, revolving credit receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed, thereby reducing the balance due. Automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than by real property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying assets. If the servicer of a pool of underlying assets sells them to another party, there is the risk that the purchaser could acquire an interest superior to that of holders of the asset-backed securities. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issue of asset-backed securities and technical requirements under state law, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may

**B-5**

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not have a proper security interest in the automobiles. Therefore, there is the possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not be available to support payments on these securities. Asset-backed securities have been, and may continue to be, subject to greater liquidity risks when worldwide economic and liquidity conditions deteriorate. In addition, government actions and proposals that affect the terms of underlying home and consumer loans, thereby changing demand for products financed by those loans, as well as the inability of borrowers to refinance existing loans, have had and may continue to have a negative effect on the valuation and liquidity of asset-backed securities.

***Bank Loans, Loan Interests, and Direct Debt Instruments.*** Loan interests and direct debt instruments are interests in amounts owed by a corporate, governmental, or other borrower to lenders or lending syndicates (in the case of loans and loan participations); to suppliers of goods or services (in the case of trade claims or other receivables); or to other parties. These investments involve a risk of loss in case of default, insolvency, or the bankruptcy of the borrower; may not be deemed to be securities under certain federal securities laws; and may offer less legal protection to the purchaser in the event of fraud or misrepresentation, or there may be a requirement that a purchaser supply additional cash to a borrower on demand.

Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of interest and repayment of principal. Direct debt instruments may not be rated by a rating agency. If scheduled interest or principal payments are not made, or are not made in a timely manner, the value of the instrument may be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured provide more protections than unsecured loans in the event of failure to make scheduled interest or principal payments. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the borrower's obligation or that the collateral could be liquidated. Indebtedness of borrowers whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks and may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their indebtedness, or they may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Direct indebtedness of countries, particularly developing countries, also involves a risk that the governmental entities responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable, or unwilling, to pay interest and repay principal when due.

Corporate loans and other forms of direct corporate indebtedness in which a fund may invest generally are made to finance internal growth, mergers, acquisitions, stock repurchases, refinancing of existing debt, leveraged buyouts, and other corporate activities. A significant portion of the corporate indebtedness purchased by a fund may represent interests in loans or debt made to finance highly leveraged corporate acquisitions (known as "leveraged buyout" transactions), leveraged recapitalization loans, and other types of acquisition financing. Another portion may also represent loans incurred in restructuring or "work-out" scenarios, including super-priority debtor-in-possession facilities in bankruptcy and acquisition of assets out of bankruptcy. Loans in restructuring or work-out scenarios may be especially vulnerable to the inherent uncertainties in restructuring processes. In addition, the highly leveraged capital structure of the borrowers in any such transactions, whether in acquisition financing or restructuring, may make such loans especially vulnerable to adverse or unusual economic or market conditions.

Loans and other forms of direct indebtedness generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and only limited opportunities may exist to sell them in secondary markets. As a result, a fund may be unable to sell loans and other forms of direct indebtedness at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them only at a price that is less than their fair value.

Investments in loans through direct assignment of a financial institution's interests with respect to a loan may involve additional risks. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, the purchaser could become part owner of any collateral and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is at least conceivable that, under emerging legal theories of lender liability, a purchaser could be held liable as a co-lender. Direct debt instruments may also involve a risk of insolvency of the lending bank or other intermediary.

A loan is often administered by a bank or other financial institution that acts as agent for all holders. The agent administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. Unless the purchaser has direct recourse against the borrower, the purchaser may have to rely on the agent to apply appropriate credit remedies against a borrower under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness. If assets held by the agent for the benefit of a purchaser were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent's general creditors, the purchaser might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on the loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest.

Direct indebtedness may include letters of credit, revolving credit facilities, or other standby financing commitments that obligate purchasers to make additional cash payments on demand. These commitments may have the effect of requiring a purchaser to increase its investment in a borrower when it would not otherwise have done so, even if the borrower's condition makes it unlikely that the amount will ever be repaid.

**B-6**

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A fund's investment policies will govern the amount of total assets that it may invest in any one issuer or in issuers within the same industry. For purposes of these limitations, a fund generally will treat the borrower as the "issuer" of indebtedness held by the fund. In the case of loan participations in which a bank or other lending institution serves as financial intermediary between a fund and the borrower, if the participation does not shift to the fund the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the borrower, SEC interpretations require the fund, in some circumstances, to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the borrower as "issuers" for purposes of the fund's investment policies. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict a fund's ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or a group of intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent many different companies and industries.

***Borrowing.*** A fund's ability to borrow money is limited by its investment policies and limitations; by the 1940 Act; and by applicable exemptions, no-action letters, interpretations, and other pronouncements issued from time to time by the SEC and its staff or any other regulatory authority with jurisdiction. Under the 1940 Act, a fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage (i.e., total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the fund's total assets (at the time of borrowing) made for temporary or emergency purposes. Any borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of the fund's total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or for other reasons, a fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.

Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a fund's portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased with the proceeds of such borrowing. A fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

A borrowing transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a "senior security," as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act.

***Common Stock.*** Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Common stock typically entitles the owner to vote on the election of directors and other important matters, as well as to receive dividends on such stock. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds, other debt holders, and owners of preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock.

***Convertible Securities.*** Convertible securities are hybrid securities that combine the investment characteristics of bonds and common stocks. Convertible securities typically consist of debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted (on a voluntary or mandatory basis) within a specified period of time (normally for the entire life of the security) into a certain amount of common stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer at a predetermined price. Convertible securities also include debt securities with warrants or common stock attached and derivatives combining the features of debt securities and equity securities. Other convertible securities with features and risks not specifically referred to herein may become available in the future. Convertible securities involve risks similar to those of both fixed income and equity securities. In a corporation's capital structure, convertible securities are senior to common stock but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer.

The market value of a convertible security is a function of its "investment value" and its "conversion value." A security's "investment value" represents the value of the security without its conversion feature (i.e., a nonconvertible debt security). The investment value may be determined by reference to its credit quality and the current value of its yield to maturity or probable call date. At any given time, investment value is dependent upon such factors as the general level of interest rates, the yield of similar nonconvertible securities, the financial strength of the issuer, and the seniority of the security in the issuer's capital structure. A security's "conversion value" is determined by multiplying the number of shares the holder is entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange by the current price of the underlying security. If the conversion value of a convertible security is significantly below its investment value, the convertible security will trade like nonconvertible debt or preferred stock and its market value will not be influenced greatly by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. In that circumstance, the convertible security takes on the characteristics of a bond, and its price moves in the opposite direction from interest rates. Conversely, if the conversion value of a convertible security is near or above its investment value, the market value of the convertible security will be more heavily influenced by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. In that case, the

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convertible security's price may be as volatile as that of common stock. Because both interest rates and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security generally is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar debt security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying equity security. Convertible securities are often rated below investment-grade or are not rated, and they are generally subject to a high degree of credit risk.

Although all markets are prone to change over time, the generally high rate at which convertible securities are retired (through mandatory or scheduled conversions by issuers or through voluntary redemptions by holders) and replaced with newly issued convertible securities may cause the convertible securities market to change more rapidly than other markets. For example, a concentration of available convertible securities in a few economic sectors could elevate the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the specific risks of those sectors. Moreover, convertible securities with innovative structures, such as mandatory-conversion securities and equity-linked securities, have increased the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the special risks of those innovations, which may include risks different from, and possibly greater than, those associated with traditional convertible securities. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price set in the governing instrument of the convertible security. If a convertible security held by a fund is subject to such redemption option and is called for redemption, the fund must allow the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell the security to a third party.

***Cybersecurity Risks.*** The increased use of technology to conduct business could subject a fund and its third-party service providers (including, but not limited to, investment advisors, transfer agents, and custodians) to risks associated with cybersecurity. In general, a cybersecurity incident can occur as a result of a deliberate attack designed to gain unauthorized access to digital systems. If the attack is successful, an unauthorized person or persons could misappropriate assets or sensitive information, corrupt data, or cause operational disruption. A cybersecurity incident could also occur unintentionally if, for example, an authorized person inadvertently released proprietary or confidential information. Vanguard has developed robust technological safeguards and business continuity plans to prevent, or reduce the impact of, potential cybersecurity incidents. Additionally, Vanguard has a process for assessing the information security and/or cybersecurity programs implemented by a fund's third-party service providers, which helps minimize the risk of potential incidents that could impact a Vanguard fund or its shareholders. Despite these measures, a cybersecurity incident still has the potential to disrupt business operations, which could negatively impact a fund and/or its shareholders. Some examples of negative impacts that could occur as a result of a cybersecurity incident include, but are not limited to, the following: a fund may be unable to calculate its net asset value (NAV), a fund's shareholders may be unable to transact business, a fund may be unable to process transactions, or a fund may be unable to safeguard its data or the personal information of its shareholders.

***Debt Securities.*** A debt security, sometimes called a fixed income security, consists of a certificate or other evidence of a debt (secured or unsecured) upon which the issuer of the debt security promises to pay the holder a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest for a specified length of time and to repay the debt on the specified maturity date. Some debt securities, such as zero-coupon bonds, do not make regular interest payments but are issued at a discount to their principal or maturity value. Debt securities include a variety of fixed income obligations, including, but not limited to, corporate bonds, government securities, municipal securities, convertible securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. Debt securities include investment-grade securities, non-investment-grade securities, and unrated securities. Debt securities are subject to a variety of risks, such as interest rate risk, income risk, call risk, prepayment risk, extension risk, inflation risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and (in the case of foreign securities) country risk and currency risk. The reorganization of an issuer under the federal bankruptcy laws or an out-of-court restructuring of an issuer's capital structure may result in the issuer's debt securities being cancelled without repayment, repaid only in part, or repaid in part or in whole through an exchange thereof for any combination of cash, debt securities, convertible securities, equity securities, or other instruments or rights in respect to the same issuer or a related entity.

***Debt Securities—Inflation-Indexed Securities.*** Inflation-indexed securities are debt securities, the principal value of which is periodically adjusted to reflect the rate of inflation as indicated by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Inflation-indexed securities may be issued by the U.S. government, by agencies and instrumentalities of the U.S. government, and by corporations. Two structures are common. The U.S. Treasury and some other issuers use a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the bond. Most other issuers pay out the CPI accruals as part of a semiannual coupon payment.

The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed securities is tied to the CPI, which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as

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housing, food, transportation, and energy. Inflation-indexed securities issued by a foreign government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index, calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will correlate to the rate of inflation in the United States.

Inflation—a general rise in prices of goods and services—erodes the purchasing power of an investor's portfolio. For example, if an investment provides a "nominal" total return of 5% in a given year and inflation is 2% during that period, the inflation-adjusted, or real, return is 3%. Inflation, as measured by the CPI, has generally occurred during the past 50 years, so investors should be conscious of both the nominal and real returns of their investments. Investors in inflation-indexed securities funds who do not reinvest the portion of the income distribution that is attributable to inflation adjustments will not maintain the purchasing power of the investment over the long term. This is because interest earned depends on the amount of principal invested, and that principal will not grow with inflation if the investor fails to reinvest the principal adjustment paid out as part of a fund's income distributions. Although inflation-indexed securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise because of reasons other than inflation (e.g., changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond's inflation measure.

If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation (i.e., the CPI) falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed securities will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed securities, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the inflation-indexed securities is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. Other inflation-indexed securities include inflation-related bonds, which may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.

The value of inflation-indexed securities should change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates, in turn, are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed securities. In contrast, if nominal interest rates were to increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed securities.

Coupon payments that a fund receives from inflation-indexed securities are included in the fund's gross income for the period during which they accrue. Any increase in principal for an inflation-indexed security resulting from inflation adjustments is considered by Internal Revenue Service (IRS) regulations to be taxable income in the year it occurs. For direct holders of an inflation-indexed security, this means that taxes must be paid on principal adjustments, even though these amounts are not received until the bond matures. By contrast, a fund holding these securities distributes both interest income and the income attributable to principal adjustments each quarter in the form of cash or reinvested shares (which, like principal adjustments, are taxable to shareholders). It may be necessary for the fund to liquidate portfolio positions, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to make required distributions.

***Debt Securities—Non-Investment-Grade Securities.*** Non-investment-grade securities, also referred to as "high-yield securities" or "junk bonds," are debt securities that are rated lower than the four highest rating categories by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (e.g., lower than Baa3/P-2 by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. (Moody's) or below BBB–/A-2 by Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC (Standard & Poor's)) or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the fund's advisor. These securities are generally considered to be, on balance, predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation, and they will generally involve more credit risk than securities in the investment-grade categories. Non-investment-grade securities generally provide greater income and opportunity for capital appreciation than higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and principal and income risk.

Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high-yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of investment-grade securities. Thus, reliance on credit ratings in making investment decisions entails greater risks for high-yield securities than for investment-grade securities. The success of a fund's advisor in managing high-yield securities is more dependent upon its own credit analysis than is the case with investment-grade securities.

Some high-yield securities are issued by smaller, less-seasoned companies, while others are issued as part of a corporate restructuring such as an acquisition, a merger, or a leveraged buyout. Companies that issue high-yield

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securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them. Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case with investment-grade securities. Some high-yield securities were once rated as investment-grade but have been downgraded to junk bond status because of financial difficulties experienced by their issuers.

The market values of high-yield securities tend to reflect individual issuer developments to a greater extent than do investment-grade securities, which in general react to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. High-yield securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than are investment-grade securities. An actual or anticipated economic downturn or sustained period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in junk bond prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If an issuer of high-yield securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, a fund investing in such securities may incur additional expenses to seek recovery.

The secondary market on which high-yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the ability of a fund's advisor to sell a high-yield security or the price at which a fund's advisor could sell a high-yield security, and it could also adversely affect the daily net asset value of fund shares. When secondary markets for high-yield securities are less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation of the securities.

Except as otherwise provided in a fund's prospectus, if a credit rating agency changes the rating of a portfolio security held by a fund, the fund may retain the portfolio security if the advisor deems it in the best interests of shareholders.

***Debt Securities—Structured and Indexed Securities.*** Structured securities (also called "structured notes") and indexed securities are derivative debt securities, the interest rate or principal of which is determined by an unrelated indicator. Indexed securities include structured notes as well as securities other than debt securities. The value of the principal of and/or interest on structured and indexed securities is determined by reference to changes in the value of a specific asset, reference rate, or index (the reference) or the relative change in two or more references. The interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may be increased or decreased, depending upon changes in the applicable reference. The terms of the structured and indexed securities may provide that, in certain circumstances, no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, may result in a loss of invested capital. Structured and indexed securities may be positively or negatively indexed, so that appreciation of the reference may produce an increase or a decrease in the interest rate or value of the security at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rate or the value of the structured or indexed security at maturity may be calculated as a specified multiple of the change in the value of the reference; therefore, the value of such security may be very volatile. Structured and indexed securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the reference. Structured or indexed securities may also be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities or more traditional debt securities, which could lead to an overvaluation or an undervaluation of the securities.

***Debt Securities—U.S. Government Securities.*** The term "U.S. government securities" refers to a variety of debt securities that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury, by various agencies of the U.S. government, or by various instrumentalities that have been established or sponsored by the U.S. government. The term also refers to repurchase agreements collateralized by such securities.

U.S. Treasury securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, meaning that the U.S. government is required to repay the principal in the event of default. Other types of securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The U.S. government, however, does not guarantee the market price of any U.S. government securities. In the case of securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, the investor must look principally to the agency or instrumentality issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment and may not be able to assert a claim against the United States itself in the event the agency or instrumentality does not meet its commitment.

Some of the U.S. government agencies that issue or guarantee securities include the Government National Mortgage Association, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Federal Housing Administration, the Maritime Administration, the Small Business Administration, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. An instrumentality of the U.S. government is a government agency organized under federal charter with government supervision. Instrumentalities issuing or guaranteeing securities include, among others, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Home

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Loan Banks, and the Federal National Mortgage Association. From time to time, uncertainty regarding the status of negotiations in the U.S. government to increase the statutory debt ceiling could increase the risk that the U.S. government may default on payments on certain U.S. government securities, cause the credit rating of the U.S. government to be downgraded, increase volatility in the stock and bond markets, result in higher interest rates, reduce prices of U.S. Treasury securities, and/or increase the costs of various kinds of debt. If a U.S. government-sponsored entity is negatively impacted by legislative or regulatory action, is unable to meet its obligations, or its creditworthiness declines, the performance of a fund that holds securities of the entity may be adversely impacted.

***Debt Securities—Variable and Floating Rate Securities.*** Variable and floating rate securities are debt securities that provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate paid on the security. Variable rate securities provide for a specified periodic adjustment in the interest rate, while floating rate securities have interest rates that change whenever there is a change in a designated benchmark or reference rate (such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) or another reference rate) or the issuer's credit quality. There is a risk that the current interest rate on variable and floating rate securities may not accurately reflect current market interest rates or adequately compensate the holder for the current creditworthiness of the issuer. Some variable or floating rate securities are structured with liquidity features such as (1) put options or tender options that permit holders (sometimes subject to conditions) to demand payment of the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest from the issuers or certain financial intermediaries or (2) auction-rate features, remarketing provisions, or other maturity-shortening devices designed to enable the issuer to refinance or redeem outstanding debt securities (market-dependent liquidity features). Variable or floating rate securities that include market-dependent liquidity features may have greater liquidity risk than other securities. The greater liquidity risk may exist, for example, because of the failure of a market-dependent liquidity feature to operate as intended (as a result of the issuer's declining creditworthiness, adverse market conditions, or other factors) or the inability or unwillingness of a participating broker-dealer to make a secondary market for such securities. As a result, variable or floating rate securities that include market-dependent liquidity features may lose value, and the holders of such securities may be required to retain them until the later of the repurchase date, the resale date, or the date of maturity. A demand instrument with a demand notice exceeding seven days may be considered illiquid if there is no secondary market for such security.

***Debt Securities—Zero-Coupon and Pay-in-Kind Securities.*** Zero-coupon and pay-in-kind securities are debt securities that do not make regular cash interest payments. Zero-coupon securities generally do not pay interest. Zero-coupon Treasury bonds are U.S. Treasury notes and bonds that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, or the coupons themselves, and also receipts or certificates representing an interest in such stripped debt obligations and coupons. The timely payment of coupon interest and principal on these instruments remains guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Pay-in-kind securities pay interest through the issuance of additional securities. These securities are generally issued at a discount to their principal or maturity value. Because such securities do not pay current cash income, the price of these securities can be volatile when interest rates fluctuate. Although these securities do not pay current cash income, federal income tax law requires the holders of zero-coupon and pay-in-kind securities to include in income each year the portion of the original issue discount and other noncash income on such securities accrued during that year. Each fund that holds such securities intends to pass along such interest as a component of the fund's distributions of net investment income. It may be necessary for the fund to liquidate portfolio positions, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to make required distributions.

***Depositary Receipts.*** Depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) are securities that evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities that have been deposited with a "depository." Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored and include American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution, and the underlying securities are issued by a foreign issuer. For other depositary receipts, the depository may be a foreign or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a foreign or a U.S. issuer. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs are issued in registered form, denominated in U.S. dollars, and designed for use in the U.S. securities markets. Other depositary receipts, such as GDRs and EDRs, may be issued in bearer form and denominated in other currencies, and they are generally designed for use in securities markets outside the United States. Although the two types of depositary receipt facilities (sponsored and unsponsored) are similar, there are differences regarding a holder's rights and obligations and the practices of market participants.

A depository may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or acquiescence of) the underlying issuer; typically, however, the depository requests a letter of nonobjection from the underlying issuer prior to establishing the facility. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depository usually

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charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of noncash distributions, and the performance of other services. The depository of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the underlying issuer or to pass through voting rights to depositary receipt holders with respect to the underlying securities.

Sponsored depositary receipt facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depository and the underlying issuer through a deposit agreement. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the underlying issuer, the depository, and the depositary receipt holders. With sponsored facilities, the underlying issuer typically bears some of the costs of the depositary receipts (such as dividend payment fees of the depository), although most sponsored depositary receipt holders may bear costs such as deposit and withdrawal fees. Depositories of most sponsored depositary receipts agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings, voting instructions, and other shareholder communications and information to the depositary receipt holders at the underlying issuer's request.

For purposes of a fund's investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock. Depositary receipts do not eliminate all of the risks associated with directly investing in the securities of foreign issuers.

***Derivatives.*** A derivative is a financial instrument that has a value based on—or "derived from"—the values of other assets, reference rates, or indexes. Derivatives may relate to a wide variety of underlying references, such as commodities, stocks, bonds, interest rates, currency exchange rates, and related indexes. Derivatives include futures contracts and options on futures contracts, certain forward-commitment transactions, options on securities, caps, floors, collars, swap agreements, and certain other financial instruments. Some derivatives, such as futures contracts and certain options, are traded on U.S. commodity and securities exchanges, while other derivatives, such as swap agreements, may be privately negotiated and entered into in the over-the-counter market (OTC Derivatives) or may be cleared through a clearinghouse (Cleared Derivatives) and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility. As a result of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act), certain swap agreements, such as certain standardized credit default and interest rate swap agreements, must be cleared through a clearinghouse and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility. This could result in an increase in the overall costs of such transactions. While the intent of derivatives regulatory reform is to mitigate risks associated with derivatives markets, the regulations could, among other things, increase liquidity and decrease pricing for more standardized products while decreasing liquidity and increasing pricing for less standardized products. The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities or assets on which the derivatives are based.

Derivatives may be used for a variety of purposes, including—but not limited to—hedging, managing risk, seeking to stay fully invested, seeking to reduce transaction costs, seeking to simulate an investment in equity or debt securities or other investments, and seeking to add value by using derivatives to more efficiently implement portfolio positions when derivatives are favorably priced relative to equity or debt securities or other investments. Some investors may use derivatives primarily for speculative purposes while other uses of derivatives may not constitute speculation. There is no assurance that any derivatives strategy used by a fund's advisor will succeed. The other parties to a fund's OTC Derivatives contracts (usually referred to as "counterparties") will not be considered the issuers thereof for purposes of certain provisions of the 1940 Act and the IRC, although such OTC Derivatives may qualify as securities or investments under such laws. A fund's advisor(s), however, will monitor and adjust, as appropriate, the fund's credit risk exposure to OTC Derivative counterparties.

Derivative products are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of a derivative requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions.

When a fund enters into a Cleared Derivative, an initial margin deposit with a Futures Commission Merchant (FCM) is required. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of a Cleared Derivative over a fixed period. If the value of the fund's Cleared Derivatives declines, the fund will be required to make additional "variation margin" payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. If the value of the fund's Cleared Derivatives increases, the FCM will be required to make additional "variation margin" payments to the fund to settle the change in value. This process is known as "marking-to-market" and is calculated on a daily basis.

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For OTC Derivatives, a fund is subject to the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract. Additionally, the use of credit derivatives can result in losses if a fund's advisor does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit derivative is based.

Derivatives may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular derivative is difficult to purchase or sell. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with certain OTC Derivatives), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price.

Derivatives may be subject to pricing or "basis" risk, which exists when a particular derivative becomes extraordinarily expensive relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity.

Because certain derivatives have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A derivative transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a "senior security," as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

Like most other investments, derivative instruments are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a fund's interest. A fund bears the risk that its advisor will incorrectly forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other financial or economic factors in establishing derivative positions for the fund. If the advisor attempts to use a derivative as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the derivative will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many derivatives (in particular, OTC Derivatives) are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

On October 28, 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted new regulations governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies ("Rule 18f-4"). The Funds were required to implement and comply with Rule 18f-4 by August 19, 2022. Rule 18f-4 imposes limits on the amount of derivatives a fund can enter into, eliminates the asset segregation framework currently used by funds to comply with Section 18 of the 1940 Act, as amended, treats derivatives as senior securities, and requires funds whose use of derivatives is more than a limited specified exposure amount to establish and maintain a comprehensive derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager.

Each Fund intends to comply with Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), under which a fund may be excluded from the definition of the term Commodity Pool Operator (CPO) if the fund meets certain conditions such as limiting its investments in certain CEA-regulated instruments (e.g., futures, options, or swaps) and complying with certain marketing restrictions. Accordingly, Vanguard is not subject to registration or regulation as a CPO with respect to each Fund under the CEA. Each Fund will only enter into futures contracts and futures options that are traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity or that are quoted on an automated quotation system.

***Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Considerations.*** Vanguard's Investment Stewardship Team, on behalf of the Board of Trustees of each Vanguard-advised fund, administers proxy voting for the equity holdings of the Vanguard-advised funds. The Investment Stewardship Team may engage with issuers to better understand how they are addressing material risks, including ESG risks. Specifically, the Investment Stewardship Team may engage with companies on how they disclose significant risks to shareholders, develop their risk mitigation approach, and report on progress.

Each fund has adopted procedures and guidelines for monitoring portfolio holding human rights practices and violations pursuant to which it may assess regulatory, reputational, or other risks that may affect long-term shareholder value associated with the alleged activity. In extraordinary circumstances a fund may divest of a portfolio holding where doing so is deemed appropriate.

***Exchange-Traded Funds.*** A fund may purchase shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Typically, a fund would purchase ETF shares for the same reason it would purchase (and as an alternative to purchasing) futures contracts: to

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obtain exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market. ETF shares enjoy several advantages over futures. Depending on the market, the holding period, and other factors, ETF shares can be less costly and more tax-efficient than futures. In addition, ETF shares can be purchased for smaller sums, offer exposure to market sectors and styles for which there is no suitable or liquid futures contract, and do not involve leverage.

An investment in an ETF generally presents the same principal risks as an investment in a conventional fund (i.e., one that is not exchange-traded) that has the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. The price of an ETF can fluctuate within a wide range, and a fund could lose money investing in an ETF if the prices of the securities owned by the ETF go down. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of an ETF's shares may trade at a discount or a premium to their net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF's shares may not develop or be maintained; and (3) trading of an ETF's shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of an ETF's shares may also be halted if the shares are delisted from the exchange without first being listed on another exchange or if the listing exchange's officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

Most ETFs are investment companies. Therefore, a fund's purchases of ETF shares generally are subject to the limitations on, and the risks of, a fund's investments in other investment companies, which are described under the heading *"Other Investment Companies."*

***Foreign Securities.*** Typically, foreign securities are considered to be equity or debt securities issued by entities organized, domiciled, or with a principal executive office outside the United States, such as foreign corporations and governments. Securities issued by certain companies organized outside the United States may not be deemed to be foreign securities if the company's principal operations are conducted from the United States or when the company's equity securities trade principally on a U.S. stock exchange. Foreign securities may trade in U.S. or foreign securities markets. A fund may make foreign investments either directly by purchasing foreign securities or indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts or depositary shares of similar instruments (depositary receipts) for foreign securities. Direct investments in foreign securities may be made either on foreign securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets. Investing in foreign securities involves certain special risk considerations that are not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies or governments.

Because foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers, there may be less publicly available information about certain foreign issuers than about U.S. issuers. Evidence of securities ownership may be uncertain in many foreign countries. As a result, there are risks that could result in a loss to the fund, including, but not limited to, the risk that a fund's trade details could be incorrectly or fraudulently entered at the time of a transaction. Securities of foreign issuers are generally more volatile and less liquid than securities of comparable U.S. issuers, and foreign investments may be effected through structures that may be complex or confusing. In certain countries, there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the United States. The risk that securities traded on foreign exchanges may be suspended, either by the issuers themselves, by an exchange, or by government authorities, is also heightened. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that could affect U.S. investments in those countries. Additionally, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, could impair a fund's ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to foreign securities and assets. This may negatively impact the value and/or liquidity of a fund's investments and could impair a fund's ability to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy. Sanctions could also result in the devaluation of a country's currency, a downgrade in the credit ratings of a country or issuers in a country, or a decline in the value and/or liquidity of securities of issuers in that country.

Although an advisor will endeavor to achieve the most favorable execution costs for a fund's portfolio transactions in foreign securities under the circumstances, commissions and other transaction costs are generally higher than those on U.S. securities. In addition, it is expected that the custodian arrangement expenses for a fund that invests primarily in foreign securities will be somewhat greater than the expenses for a fund that invests primarily in domestic securities.

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Additionally, bankruptcy laws vary by jurisdiction and cash deposits may be subject to a custodian's creditors. Certain foreign governments levy withholding or other taxes against dividend and interest income from, capital gains on the sale of, or transactions in foreign securities. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes is recoverable by the fund, the nonrecovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from such securities.

The value of the foreign securities held by a fund that are not U.S. dollar-denominated may be significantly affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The U.S. dollar value of a foreign security generally decreases when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated, and it tends to increase when the value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency (as discussed under the heading *"Foreign Securities—Foreign Currency Transactions,"* a fund may attempt to hedge its currency risks). In addition, the value of fund assets may be affected by losses and other expenses incurred from converting between various currencies in order to purchase and sell foreign securities, as well as by currency restrictions, exchange control regulations, currency devaluations, and political and economic developments.

***Foreign Securities—China A-shares Risk.*** China A-shares (A-shares) are shares of mainland Chinese companies that are traded locally on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. A-shares investment by foreign investors are currently only available through the Qualified Foreign Investor (QFI) license or the China Stock Connect program. The developing state of the investment and banking systems of China subjects the settlement, clearing, and registration of securities transactions to heightened risks. Additionally, there are foreign ownership limitations that may result in limitations on investment or the return of profits if a fund purchases and sells shares of an issuer in which it owns 5% or more of the shares issued within a six-month period. It is unclear if the 5% ownership will be determined by aggregating the holdings of a fund with affiliated funds.

Due to these restrictions, it is possible that the A-shares quota available to a fund as a foreign investor may not be sufficient to meet the fund's investment needs. In this situation, a fund may seek an alternative method of economic exposure, such as by purchasing other classes of securities or depositary receipts or by utilizing derivatives. Any of these options could increase a fund's investment cost. Additionally, investing in A-shares generally increases emerging markets risk due in part to government and issuer market controls and the developing settlement and legal systems.

<u>Investing in China A-shares through Stock Connect.</u> The China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) is a mutual market access program designed to, among other things, enable foreign investment in the PRC via brokers in Hong Kong. A QFI license is not required to trade via Stock Connect. There are significant risks inherent in investing in A-shares through Stock Connect. Specifically, trading can be affected by a number of issues. Stock Connect can only operate when both PRC and Hong Kong markets are open for trading and when banking services are available in both markets on the corresponding settlement days. As such, if one or both markets are closed on a U.S. trading day, a fund may not be able to dispose of its shares in a timely manner, which could adversely affect the fund's performance. Trading through Stock Connect may require pre-delivery or pre-validation of cash or securities to or by a broker. If the cash or securities are not in the broker's possession before the market opens on the day of selling, the sell order will be rejected. This requirement may limit a fund's ability to dispose of its A-shares purchased through Stock Connect in a timely manner.

Additionally, Stock Connect is subject to daily quota limitations on purchases into the PRC. Foreign investors, in the aggregate, are subject to ownership limitations for Shanghai or Shenzhen listed companies, including those purchased through Stock Connect. Once the daily quota is reached, orders to purchase additional A-shares through Stock Connect will be rejected. Only certain A-shares are eligible to be accessed through Stock Connect and such securities could lose their eligibility at any time. In addition, a fund's purchase of A-shares through Stock Connect may only be subsequently sold through Stock Connect and is not otherwise transferable. Stock Connect utilizes an omnibus clearing structure, and the fund's shares will be registered in its custodian's name on the Hong Kong Central Clearing and Settlement System. This may limit an advisor's ability to effectively manage a fund's holdings, including the potential enforcement of equity owner rights.

***Foreign Securities—Emerging Market Risk.*** Investing in emerging market countries involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in the United States, and it imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, risks of investing in more developed foreign countries. These risks may significantly affect the value of emerging market investments and include: (i) nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; (ii) currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations; (iii) greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including amplified risk of war and terrorism); (iv) more substantial government involvement in and control over the economy; (v) less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets and possible arbitrary and unpredictable enforcement of securities regulations and other laws, which may increase the risk of market manipulation; (vi) controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on a fund's ability

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to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (vii) unavailability of currency-hedging techniques in certain emerging market countries; (viii) generally smaller, less seasoned, or newly organized companies; (ix) differences in, or lack of, corporate governance, accounting, auditing, recordkeeping, and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers and impede evaluation of such issuers; (x) difficulty in obtaining and/or enforcing a judgment in a court outside the United States; and (xi) greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity, and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets. Also, any change in the leadership or politics of emerging market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities. Furthermore, high rates of inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Custodial expenses and other investment-related costs are often more expensive in emerging market countries, which can reduce a fund's income from investments in securities or debt instruments of emerging market country issuers. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies. There may also be limited regulatory oversight of certain foreign subcustodians that hold foreign securities subject to the supervision of a fund's primary U.S.-based custodian. A fund may be limited in its ability to recover assets if a foreign subcustodian becomes bankrupt or otherwise unable or unwilling to return assets to the fund, which may expose the fund to risk, especially in circumstances where the fund's primary custodian may not be contractually obligated to make the fund whole for the particular loss.

Emerging market investments also carry the risk that strained international relations may give rise to retaliatory actions, including actions through financial markets such as purchase and ownership restrictions, sanctions, tariffs, cyberattacks, and unpredictable enforcement of securities regulations and other laws. Such actual and/or threatened retaliatory actions may impact emerging market economies and issuers in which a fund invests. For example, in China, ownership of companies in certain sectors by foreign individuals and entities is prohibited. In order to facilitate investment in these companies by foreign individuals, many Chinese companies have created variable interest entities ("VIEs") that provide exposure to the Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. VIE structures are subject to risks associated with breach of the contractual arrangements, including difficulty in enforcing any judgments outside of the United States, and do not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership. Additionally, while VIEs are a longstanding industry practice, they have not been approved by Chinese regulators. Chinese regulators could prohibit Chinese companies from accessing foreign investment through VIEs or sever their ability to transmit economic and governance rights to foreign individuals and entities. Such actions would significantly reduce, and possibly permanently eliminate, the market value of VIEs held by a fund.

***Foreign Securities—Foreign Currency Transactions.*** The value in U.S. dollars of a fund's non-dollar-denominated foreign securities may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations, and the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. To seek to minimize the impact of such factors on net asset values, a fund may engage in foreign currency transactions in connection with its investments in foreign securities. A fund will enter into foreign currency transactions only to attempt to "hedge" the currency risk associated with investing in foreign securities. Although such transactions tend to minimize the risk of loss that would result from a decline in the value of the hedged currency, they also may limit any potential gain that might result should the value of such currency increase.

Currency exchange transactions may be conducted either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market or through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are entered into with large commercial banks or other currency traders who are participants in the interbank market. Currency exchange transactions also may be effected through the use of swap agreements or other derivatives.

Currency exchange transactions may be considered borrowings. A currency exchange transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a "senior security," as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale of foreign currency involved in underlying security transactions, a fund may be able to protect itself against part or all of the possible loss between trade and settlement dates for that purchase or sale resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and such

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foreign currency. This practice is sometimes referred to as "transaction hedging." In addition, when the advisor reasonably believes that a particular foreign currency may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar, a fund may enter into a forward contract to sell an amount of foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. This practice is sometimes referred to as "portfolio hedging." Similarly, when the advisor reasonably believes that the U.S. dollar may suffer a substantial decline against a foreign currency, a fund may enter into a forward contract to buy that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount.

A fund may also attempt to hedge its foreign currency exchange rate risk by engaging in currency futures, options, and "cross-hedge" transactions. In cross-hedge transactions, a fund holding securities denominated in one foreign currency will enter into a forward currency contract to buy or sell a different foreign currency (one that the advisor reasonably believes generally tracks the currency being hedged with regard to price movements). The advisor may select the tracking (or substitute) currency rather than the currency in which the security is denominated for various reasons, including in order to take advantage of pricing or other opportunities presented by the tracking currency or to take advantage of a more liquid or more efficient market for the tracking currency. Such cross-hedges are expected to help protect a fund against an increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies.

A fund may hold a portion of its assets in bank deposits denominated in foreign currencies so as to facilitate investment in foreign securities as well as protect against currency fluctuations and the need to convert such assets into U.S. dollars (thereby also reducing transaction costs). To the extent these assets are converted back into U.S. dollars, the value of the assets so maintained will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations.

Forecasting the movement of the currency market is extremely difficult. Whether any hedging strategy will be successful is highly uncertain. Moreover, it is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of a forward currency contract. Accordingly, a fund may be required to buy or sell additional currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such transaction) if its advisor's predictions regarding the movement of foreign currency or securities markets prove inaccurate. In addition, the use of cross-hedging transactions may involve special risks and may leave a fund in a less advantageous position than if such a hedge had not been established. Because forward currency contracts are privately negotiated transactions, there can be no assurance that a fund will have flexibility to roll over a forward currency contract upon its expiration if it desires to do so. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the other party to the contract will perform its services thereunder.

***Foreign Securities—Foreign Investment Companies.*** Some of the countries in which a fund may invest may not permit, or may place economic restrictions on, direct investment by outside investors. Fund investments in such countries may be permitted only through foreign government-approved or authorized investment vehicles, which may include other investment companies. Such investments may be made through registered or unregistered closed-end investment companies that invest in foreign securities. Investing through such vehicles may involve layered fees or expenses and may also be subject to the limitations on, and the risks of, a fund's investments in other investment companies, which are described under the heading *"Other Investment Companies."*

***Foreign Securities—Russian Market Risk.*** Russia's large-scale invasion of Ukraine has resulted in sanctions against Russian governmental institutions, Russian entities, and Russian individuals that may result in the devaluation of Russian currency; a downgrade in the country's credit rating; a freeze of Russian foreign assets; a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, properties, or interests; and other adverse consequences to the Russian economy and Russian assets. In addition, a fund's ability to price, buy, sell, receive, or deliver Russian investments has been and may continue to be impaired. These sanctions, and the resulting disruption of the Russian economy, may cause volatility in other regional and global markets and may negatively impact the performance of various sectors and industries, as well as companies in other countries, which could have a negative effect on the performance of a fund, even if the fund does not have direct exposure to securities of Russian issuers.

***Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts.*** Futures contracts and options on futures contracts are derivatives. A futures contract is a standardized agreement between two parties to buy or sell at a specific time in the future a specific quantity of a commodity at a specific price. The commodity may consist of an asset, a reference rate, or an index. A security futures contract relates to the sale of a specific quantity of shares of a single equity security or a narrow-based securities index. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying commodity. The buyer of a futures contract enters into an agreement to purchase the underlying commodity on the settlement date and is said to be "long" the contract. The seller of a futures contract enters into an agreement to sell the underlying commodity on the settlement date and is said to be "short" the contract. The price at which a futures contract is entered into is established either in the electronic marketplace or by open outcry on the floor of an exchange between exchange members acting as traders or brokers. Open futures contracts can be liquidated or

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closed out by physical delivery of the underlying commodity or payment of the cash settlement amount on the settlement date, depending on the terms of the particular contract. Some financial futures contracts (such as security futures) provide for physical settlement at maturity. Other financial futures contracts (such as those relating to interest rates, foreign currencies, and broad-based securities indexes) generally provide for cash settlement at maturity. In the case of cash-settled futures contracts, the cash settlement amount is equal to the difference between the final settlement or market price for the relevant commodity on the last trading day of the contract and the price for the relevant commodity agreed upon at the outset of the contract. Most futures contracts, however, are not held until maturity but instead are "offset" before the settlement date through the establishment of an opposite and equal futures position.

The purchaser or seller of a futures contract is not required to deliver or pay for the underlying commodity unless the contract is held until the settlement date. However, both the purchaser and seller are required to deposit "initial margin" with a futures commission merchant (FCM) when the futures contract is entered into. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of a contract over a fixed period. If the value of the fund's position declines, the fund will be required to make additional "variation margin" payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. If the value of the fund's position increases, the FCM will be required to make additional "variation margin" payments to the fund to settle the change in value. This process is known as "marking-to-market" and is calculated on a daily basis. A futures transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a "senior security," as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

An option on a futures contract (or futures option) conveys the right, but not the obligation, to purchase (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specific futures contract at a specific price (called the "exercise" or "strike" price) any time before the option expires. The seller of an option is called an option writer. The purchase price of an option is called the premium. The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case, for example, if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is "in-the-money" at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying futures contract. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer.

A fund that takes the position of a writer of a futures option is required to deposit and maintain initial and variation margin with respect to the option, as previously described in the case of futures contracts. A futures option transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a "senior security," as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

***Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts—Risks.*** The risk of loss in trading futures contracts and in writing futures options can be substantial because of the low margin deposits required, the extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures and options pricing, and the potential high volatility of the futures markets. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures position may result in immediate and substantial loss (or gain) for the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract, and the writing of a futures option, may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the position. In the event of adverse price movements, a fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if the fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements (and segregation requirements, if applicable) at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, on the settlement date, a fund may be required to make delivery of the instruments underlying the futures positions it holds.

A fund could suffer losses if it is unable to close out a futures contract or a futures option because of an illiquid secondary market. Futures contracts and futures options may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary market for such products. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for

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any particular futures product at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close a futures or option position. Moreover, most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day, and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of future positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses. The inability to close futures and options positions also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge a portfolio investment or to establish a substitute for a portfolio investment. U.S. Treasury futures are generally not subject to such daily limits.

A fund bears the risk that its advisor will incorrectly predict future market trends. If the advisor attempts to use a futures contract or a futures option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the futures position will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving futures products can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments.

A fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with its FCM if, for example, the FCM breaches its agreement with the fund or becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In that event, the fund may be entitled to return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the FCM's other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the fund.

***Hybrid Instruments.*** A hybrid instrument, or hybrid, is an interest in an issuer that combines the characteristics of an equity security, a debt security, a commodity, and/or a derivative. A hybrid may have characteristics that, on the whole, more strongly suggest the existence of a bond, stock, or other traditional investment, but a hybrid may also have prominent features that are normally associated with a different type of investment. Moreover, hybrid instruments may be treated as a particular type of investment for one regulatory purpose (such as taxation) and may be simultaneously treated as a different type of investment for a different regulatory purpose (such as securities or commodity regulation). Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including increased total return, duration management, and currency hedging. Because hybrids combine features of two or more traditional investments and may involve the use of innovative structures, hybrids present risks that may be similar to, different from, or greater than those associated with traditional investments with similar characteristics.

Examples of hybrid instruments include convertible securities, which combine the investment characteristics of bonds and common stocks; perpetual bonds, which are structured like fixed income securities, have no maturity date, and may be characterized as debt or equity for certain regulatory purposes; contingent convertible securities, which are fixed income securities that, under certain circumstances, either convert into common stock of the issuer or undergo a principal write-down by a predetermined percentage if the issuer's capital ratio falls below a predetermined trigger level; and trust-preferred securities, which are preferred stocks of a special-purpose trust that holds subordinated debt of the corporate parent. Another example of a hybrid is a commodity-linked bond, such as a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.

In the case of hybrids that are structured like fixed income securities (such as structured notes), the principal amount or the interest rate is generally tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency, securities index, interest rate, or other economic factor (each, a benchmark). For some hybrids, the principal amount payable at maturity or the interest rate may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. Other hybrids do not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark, thus magnifying movements within the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond with a fixed principal amount that pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes a fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. Depending on the level of a fund's investment in hybrids,

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these risks may cause significant fluctuations in the fund's net asset value. Hybrid instruments may also carry liquidity risk since the instruments are often "customized" to meet the needs of an issuer or, sometimes, the portfolio needs of a particular investor, and therefore the number of investors that are willing and able to buy such instruments in the secondary market may be smaller than that for more traditional securities.

Certain issuers of hybrid instruments known as structured products may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, a fund's investments in these products may be subject to the limitations described under the heading *"Other Investment Companies."*

***Interfund Borrowing and Lending.*** The SEC has granted an exemption permitting registered open-end Vanguard funds to participate in Vanguard's interfund lending program. This program allows the Vanguard funds to borrow money from and lend money to each other for temporary or emergency purposes. The program is subject to a number of conditions, including, among other things, the requirements that (1) no fund may borrow or lend money through the program unless it receives a more favorable interest rate than is typically available from a bank for a comparable transaction, (2) no fund may lend money if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the program to exceed 15% of its net assets at the time of the loan, and (3) a fund's interfund loans to any one fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending fund's net assets. In addition, a Vanguard fund may participate in the program only if and to the extent that such participation is consistent with the fund's investment objective and investment policies. The boards of trustees of the Vanguard funds are responsible for overseeing the interfund lending program. Any delay in repayment to a lending fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional borrowing costs.

***Investing for Control.*** Each Vanguard fund invests in securities and other instruments for the sole purpose of achieving a specific investment objective. As such, a Vanguard fund does not seek to acquire, individually or collectively with any other Vanguard fund, enough of a company's outstanding voting stock to have control over management decisions. A Vanguard fund does not invest for the purpose of controlling a company's management.

***Mortgage-Backed Securities.*** Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participation in, or are collateralized by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property or instruments derived from such loans and may be based on different types of mortgages, including those on residential properties or commercial real estate. Mortgage-backed securities include various types of securities, such as government stripped mortgage-backed securities, adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities, and collateralized mortgage obligations.

Generally, mortgage-backed securities represent partial interests in pools of mortgage loans assembled for sale to investors by various governmental agencies, such as the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA); by government-related organizations, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC); and by private issuers, such as commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, and mortgage bankers. The average maturity of pass-through pools of mortgage-backed securities in which a fund may invest varies with the maturities of the underlying mortgage instruments. In addition, a pool's average maturity may be shortened by unscheduled payments on the underlying mortgages. Factors affecting mortgage prepayments include the level of interest rates, the general economic and social conditions, the location of the mortgaged property, and the age of the mortgage. Because prepayment rates of individual mortgage pools vary widely, the average life of a particular pool cannot be predicted accurately.

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FHLMC's national portfolio are guaranteed as to the timely payment of interest and principal by FHLMC. Private, government, or government-related entities may create mortgage loan pools offering pass-through investments in addition to those described above. The mortgages underlying these securities may be alternative mortgage instruments (i.e., mortgage instruments whose principal or interest payments may vary or whose terms to maturity may be shorter than customary).

Mortgage-backed securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity date would indicate as a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying loans. Prepayments of principal by mortgagors or mortgage foreclosures shorten the term of the mortgage pool underlying the mortgage-backed security. A fund's ability to maintain positions in mortgage-backed securities is affected by the reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments. A fund's ability to reinvest prepayments of principal at comparable yield is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. The values of mortgage-backed securities vary with changes in market interest rates generally and the differentials in yields among various kinds of government securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. In periods of rising interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the average life of a pool of mortgages supporting a mortgage-backed security. Conversely, in periods of falling interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the average life of such a pool. Because prepayments of principal generally occur when interest rates are declining, an investor, such as a fund, generally has to reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at lower interest rates than those at which its assets were previously invested. Therefore, mortgage-backed securities have less potential for capital appreciation in periods of falling interest rates than other income-bearing securities of comparable maturity.

***Mortgage-Backed Securities—Adjustable Rate Mortgage-Backed Securities.*** Adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities (ARMBSs) have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Acquiring ARMBSs permits a fund to participate in increases in prevailing current interest rates through periodic adjustments in the coupons of mortgages underlying the pool on which ARMBSs are based. Such ARMBSs generally have higher current yield and lower price fluctuations than is the case with more traditional fixed income debt securities of comparable rating and maturity. However, because the interest rates on ARMBSs are reset only periodically, changes in market interest rates or in the issuer's creditworthiness may affect their value. In addition, when prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, a fund can reinvest the proceeds of such prepayments at rates higher than those at which they were previously invested. Mortgages underlying most ARMBSs, however, have limits on the allowable annual or lifetime increases that can be made in the interest rate that the mortgagor pays. Therefore, if current interest rates rise above such limits over the period of the limitation, a fund holding an ARMBS does not benefit from further increases in interest rates. Moreover, when interest rates are in excess of coupon rates (i.e., the rates being paid by mortgagors) of the mortgages, ARMBSs behave more like fixed income securities and less like adjustable rate securities and are thus subject to the risks associated with fixed income securities. In addition, during periods of rising interest rates, increases in the coupon rate of adjustable rate mortgages generally lag current market interest rates slightly, thereby creating the potential for capital depreciation on such securities.

***Mortgage-Backed Securities—Collateralized Mortgage Obligations.*** Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) are mortgage-backed securities that are collateralized by whole loan mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities. The bonds issued in a CMO transaction are divided into groups, and each group of bonds is referred to as a "tranche." Under the traditional CMO structure, the cash flows generated by the mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities in the collateral pool are used to first pay interest and then pay principal to the CMO bondholders. The bonds issued under a traditional CMO structure are retired sequentially as opposed to the pro-rata return of principal found in traditional pass-through obligations. Subject to the various provisions of individual CMO issues, the cash flow generated by the underlying collateral (to the extent it exceeds the amount required to pay the stated interest) is used to retire the bonds. Under a CMO structure, the repayment of principal among the different tranches is prioritized in accordance with the terms of the particular CMO issuance. The "fastest-pay" tranches of bonds, as specified in the prospectus for the issuance, would initially receive all principal payments. When those tranches of bonds are retired, the next tranche (or tranches) in the sequence, as specified in the prospectus, receives all of the principal payments until that tranche is retired. The sequential retirement of bond groups continues until the last tranche is retired. Accordingly, the CMO structure allows the issuer to use cash flows of long-maturity, monthly pay collateral to formulate securities with short, intermediate, and long final maturities and expected average lives and risk characteristics.

In recent years, new types of CMO tranches have evolved. These include floating rate CMOs, planned amortization classes, accrual bonds, and CMO residuals. These newer structures affect the amount and timing of principal and

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interest received by each tranche from the underlying collateral. Under certain of these new structures, given classes of CMOs have priority over others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages. Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which a fund invests, the investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than other types of mortgage-backed securities.

CMOs may include real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs). REMICs, which were authorized under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, are private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages secured by an interest in real property. A REMIC is a CMO that qualifies for special tax treatment under the IRC and invests in certain mortgages principally secured by interests in real property. Investors may purchase beneficial interests in REMICs, which are known as "regular" interests, or "residual" interests. Guaranteed REMIC pass-through certificates (REMIC Certificates) issued by FNMA or FHLMC represent beneficial ownership interests in a REMIC trust consisting principally of mortgage loans or FNMA, FHLMC, or GNMA-guaranteed mortgage pass-through certificates. For FHLMC REMIC Certificates, FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and also guarantees the payment of principal, as payments are required to be made on the underlying mortgage participation certificates. FNMA REMIC Certificates are issued and guaranteed as to timely distribution of principal and interest by FNMA.

The primary risk of CMOs is the uncertainty of the timing of cash flows that results from the rate of prepayments on the underlying mortgages serving as collateral and from the structure of the particular CMO transaction (i.e., the priority of the individual tranches). An increase or decrease in prepayment rates (resulting from a decrease or increase in mortgage interest rates) will affect the yield, the average life, and the price of CMOs. The prices of certain CMOs, depending on their structure and the rate of prepayments, can be volatile. Some CMOs may also not be as liquid as other securities.

***Mortgage-Backed Securities—Hybrid ARMs.*** A hybrid adjustable rate mortgage (hybrid ARM) is a type of mortgage in which the interest rate is fixed for a specified period and then resets periodically, or floats, for the remaining mortgage term. Hybrid ARMs are usually referred to by their fixed and floating periods. For example, a 5/1 ARM refers to a mortgage with a 5-year fixed interest rate period, followed by a 1-year interest rate adjustment period. During the initial interest period (i.e., the initial five years for a 5/1 hybrid ARM), hybrid ARMs behave more like fixed income securities and are thus subject to the risks associated with fixed income securities. All hybrid ARMs have reset dates. A reset date is the date when a hybrid ARM changes from a fixed interest rate to a floating interest rate. At the reset date, a hybrid ARM can adjust by a maximum specified amount based on a margin over an identified index. Like ARMBSs, hybrid ARMs have periodic and lifetime limitations on the increases that can be made to the interest rates that mortgagors pay. Therefore, if during a floating rate period interest rates rise above the interest rate limits of the hybrid ARM, a fund holding the hybrid ARM does not benefit from further increases in interest rates.

***Mortgage-Backed Securities—Mortgage Dollar Rolls.*** A mortgage dollar roll is a transaction in which a fund sells a mortgage-backed security to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to purchase a similar security (but not the same security) in the future at a predetermined price. A mortgage-dollar-roll program may be structured to simulate an investment in mortgage-backed securities at a potentially lower cost, or with potentially reduced administrative burdens, than directly holding mortgage-backed securities. For accounting purposes, each transaction in a mortgage dollar roll is viewed as a separate purchase and sale of a mortgage-backed security. These transactions may increase a fund's portfolio turnover rate. The fund receives cash for a mortgage-backed security in the initial transaction and enters into an agreement that requires the fund to purchase a similar mortgage-backed security in the future.

The counterparty with which a fund enters into a mortgage-dollar-roll transaction is obligated to provide the fund with similar securities to purchase as those originally sold by the fund. These securities generally must (1) be issued by the same agency and be part of the same program; (2) have similar original stated maturities; (3) have identical net coupon rates; and (4) satisfy "good delivery" requirements, meaning that the aggregate principal amounts of the securities delivered and received back must be within a certain percentage of the initial amount delivered. Mortgage dollar rolls will be used only if consistent with a fund's investment objective and strategies and will not be used to change a fund's risk profile.

***Mortgage-Backed Securities—Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities.*** Stripped mortgage-backed securities (SMBSs) are derivative multiclass mortgage-backed securities. SMBSs may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, and special purpose entities formed or sponsored by any of the foregoing.

SMBSs are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest

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and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the "IO" class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or "PO" class). The price and yield to maturity on an IO class are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a fund's yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities, even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.

Although SMBSs are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed, and accordingly, these securities may be deemed "illiquid" and thus subject to a fund's limitations on investment in illiquid securities.

***Municipal Bonds.*** Municipal bonds are debt obligations issued by states, municipalities, U.S. jurisdictions or territories, and other political subdivisions and by agencies, authorities, and instrumentalities of states and multistate agencies or authorities (collectively, municipalities). Typically, the interest payable on municipal bonds is, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer at the time of issuance, exempt from federal income tax.

Municipal bonds include securities from a variety of sectors, each of which has unique risks, and can be divided into government bonds (i.e., bonds issued to provide funding for governmental projects, such as public roads or schools) and conduit bonds (i.e., bonds issued to provide funding for a third-party permitted to use municipal bond proceeds, such as airports or hospitals). The Funds will not concentrate in any one industry or group of industries; tax-exempt securities issued by states, municipalities, and their political subdivisions are not considered to be part of an industry. However, if a municipal bond's income is derived from a specific project, the securities will be considered to be from the industry of that project. Municipal bonds include, but are not limited to, general obligation bonds, limited obligation bonds, and revenue bonds, including industrial development bonds issued pursuant to federal tax law.

General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer's pledge of its full faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Limited obligation bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source. Revenue or special tax bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise or other tax, but not from general tax revenues.

Revenue bonds involve the credit risk of the underlying project or enterprise (or its corporate user) rather than the credit risk of the issuing municipality. Under the IRC, certain limited obligation bonds are considered "private activity bonds," and interest paid on such bonds is treated as an item of tax preference for purposes of calculating federal alternative minimum tax liability. Tax-exempt private activity bonds and industrial development bonds generally are also classified as revenue bonds and thus are not payable from the issuer's general revenues. The credit and quality of private activity bonds and industrial development bonds are usually related to the credit of the corporate user of the facilities. Payment of interest on and repayment of principal of such bonds are the responsibility of the corporate user (and/or any guarantor). Some municipal bonds may be issued as variable or floating rate securities and may incorporate market-dependent liquidity features (see discussion of *"Debt Securities—Variable and Floating Rate Securities"*). A tax-exempt fund will generally invest only in securities deemed tax-exempt by a nationally recognized bond counsel, but there is no guarantee that the interest payments on municipal bonds will continue to be tax-exempt for the life of the bonds.

Some longer-term municipal bonds give the investor a "put option," which is the right to sell the security back to the issuer at par (face value) prior to maturity, within a specified number of days following the investor's request—usually one to seven days. This demand feature enhances a security's liquidity by shortening its maturity and enables it to trade at a price equal to or very close to par. If a demand feature terminates prior to being exercised, a fund would hold the longer-term security, which could experience substantially more volatility. Municipal bonds that are issued as variable or floating rate securities incorporating market-dependent liquidity features may have greater liquidity risk than other municipal bonds (see discussion of *"Debt Securities—Variable and Floating Rate Securities"*).

Some municipal bonds feature credit enhancements, such as lines of credit, letters of credit, municipal bond insurance, and standby bond purchase agreements (SBPAs). SBPAs include lines of credit that are issued by a third party, usually a bank, to enhance liquidity and ensure repayment of principal and any accrued interest if the underlying municipal bond should default. Municipal bond insurance (which is usually purchased by the bond issuer from a private, nongovernmental insurance company) provides an unconditional and irrevocable guarantee that the insured bond's

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principal and interest will be paid when due. Insurance does not guarantee the price of the bond or the share price of any fund. The credit quality of an insured bond reflects the higher of the credit quality of the insurer, based on its claims-paying ability, or the credit quality of the underlying bond issuer or obligor. The obligation of a municipal bond insurance company to pay a claim extends over the life of each insured bond. Although defaults on insured municipal bonds have been historically low and municipal bond insurers historically have met their claims, there is no assurance this will continue. A higher-than-expected default rate could strain the insurer's loss reserves and adversely affect its ability to pay claims to bondholders. The number of municipal bond insurers is relatively small, and not all of them are assessed as high credit quality. An SBPA can include a liquidity facility that is provided to pay the purchase price of any bonds that cannot be remarketed. The obligation of the liquidity provider (usually a bank) is only to advance funds to purchase tendered bonds that cannot be remarketed and does not cover principal or interest under any other circumstances. The liquidity provider's obligations under the SBPA are usually subject to numerous conditions, including the continued creditworthiness of the underlying borrower or bond issuer.

Municipal securities also include a variety of structures geared toward accommodating municipal-issuer short-term cash-flow requirements. These structures include, but are not limited to, general market notes, commercial paper, put bonds, and variable-rate demand obligations (VRDOs). VRDOs comprise a significant percentage of the outstanding debt in the short-term municipal market. VRDOs can be structured to provide a wide range of maturity options (1 day to over 360 days) to the underlying issuing entity and are typically issued at par. The longer the maturity option, the greater the degree of liquidity risk (the risk of not receiving an asking price of par or greater) and reinvestment risk (the risk that the proceeds from maturing bonds must be reinvested at a lower interest rate).

Although most municipal bonds are exempt from federal income tax, some are not. Taxable municipal bonds include Build America Bonds (BABs). The borrowing costs of BABs are subsidized by the federal government, but BABs are subject to state and federal income tax. BABs were created pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) to offer an alternative form of financing to state and local governments whose primary means for accessing the capital markets had been through the issuance of tax-exempt municipal bonds. BABs also include Recovery Zone Economic Development Bonds, which are subsidized more heavily by the federal government than other BABs and are designed to finance certain types of projects in distressed geographic areas.

Under ARRA, an issuer of a BAB is entitled to receive payments from the U.S. Treasury over the life of the BAB equal to 35% of the interest paid (or 45% of the interest paid in the case of a Recovery Zone Economic Development Bond). For example, if a state or local government were to issue a BAB at a taxable interest rate of 10% of the par value of the bond, the U.S. Treasury would make a payment directly to the issuing government of 35% of that interest (3.5% of the par value of the bond) or 45% of the interest (4.5% of the par value of the bond) in the case of a Recovery Zone Economic Development Bond. Thus, the state or local government's net borrowing cost would be 6.5% or 5.5%, respectively, on BABs that pay 10% interest. In other cases, holders of a BAB receive a 35% or 45% tax credit, respectively. The BAB program expired on December 31, 2010. BABs outstanding prior to the expiration of the program continue to be eligible for the federal interest rate subsidy or tax credit, which continues for the life of the BABs; however, the federal interest rate subsidy or tax credit has been reduced by the government sequester. Additionally, bonds issued following expiration of the program are not eligible for federal payment or tax credit. In addition to BABs, a fund may invest in other municipal bonds that pay taxable interest.

The reorganization under the federal bankruptcy laws of an issuer of, or payment obligor with respect to, municipal bonds may result in the municipal bonds being canceled without repayment; repaid only in part; or repaid in part or whole through an exchange thereof for any combination of cash, municipal bonds, debt securities, convertible securities, equity securities, or other instruments or rights in respect to the same issuer or payment obligor or a related entity. Certain issuers are not eligible to file for bankruptcy.

***Municipal Bonds—Risks.*** Municipal bonds are subject to credit risk. The yields of municipal bonds depend on, among other things, general money market conditions, conditions in the municipal bond market, size of a particular offering,

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maturity of the obligation, and credit quality of the issue. Consequently, municipal bonds with the same maturity, coupon, and credit quality may have different yields, while municipal bonds of the same maturity and coupon, but with different credit quality, may have the same yield. It is the responsibility of a fund's investment management advisor to appraise independently the fundamental quality of bonds held by the fund. Information about the financial condition of an issuer of municipal bonds may not be as extensive as that which is made available by corporations whose securities are publicly traded. Obligations of issuers of municipal bonds are generally subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency, and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors.

Congress, state legislatures, or other governing authorities may seek to extend the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or to impose other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations. For example, from time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress to restrict or eliminate the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal bonds. Also, from time to time, proposals have been introduced before state and local legislatures to restrict or eliminate the state and local income tax exemption for interest on municipal bonds. Similar proposals may be introduced in the future. If any such proposal were enacted, it might restrict or eliminate the ability of a fund to achieve its respective investment objective. In that event, the fund's trustees and officers would reevaluate its investment objective and policies and consider recommending to its shareholders changes in such objective and policies.

There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of issuers to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal on their municipal bonds may be materially affected or their obligations may be found to be invalid or unenforceable. Such litigation or conditions may, from time to time, have the effect of introducing uncertainties in the market for municipal bonds or certain segments thereof or of materially affecting the credit risk with respect to particular bonds. Adverse economic, business, legal, or political developments might affect all or a substantial portion of a fund's municipal bonds in the same manner. For example, a state specific tax-exempt fund is subject to state-specific risk, which is the chance that the fund, because it invests primarily in securities issued by a particular state and its municipalities, is more vulnerable to unfavorable developments in that state than are funds that invest in municipal securities of many states. Unfavorable developments in any economic sector may have far-reaching ramifications on a state's overall municipal market. In the event that a particular obligation held by a fund is assessed at a credit quality below the minimum investment level permitted by the investment policies of such fund, the fund's investment advisor, pursuant to oversight from the trustees, will carefully assess the creditworthiness of the obligation to determine whether it continues to meet the policies and objective of the fund.

Municipal bonds are subject to interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices will decline over short or even long periods because of rising interest rates. Interest rate risk is higher for long-term bonds, whose prices are much more sensitive to interest rate changes than are the prices of shorter-term bonds. Generally, prices of longer-maturity issues tend to fluctuate more than prices of shorter-maturity issues. Prices and yields on municipal bonds are dependent on a variety of factors, such as the financial condition of the issuer, the general conditions of the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue. A number of these factors, including the ratings of particular issues, are subject to change from time to time.

Municipal bonds are subject to call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupons or interest rates before their maturity dates. A fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond's call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the fund's income. Call risk is generally high for long-term bonds. Conversely, municipal bonds are also subject to extension risk, which is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt securities will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated, and the value of those securities may fall. Extension risk is generally high for long-term bonds.

Municipal bonds may be deemed to be illiquid as determined by or in accordance with methods adopted by a fund's board of trustees. In determining the liquidity and appropriate valuation of a municipal bond, a fund's advisor may consider the following factors relating to the security, among others: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; (3) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market; (4) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer; and (5) the factors unique to a particular security, including general creditworthiness of the issuer and the likelihood that the marketability of the securities will be maintained throughout the time the security is held by the fund.

***Options.*** An option is a derivative. An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for the payment of a "premium," the right, but not the obligation, to buy from (in the case of a call option) or sell to (in the case of a put option) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price prior to the expiration date of the option. The writer of an option on a security has the

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obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price (in the case of a call option) or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security (in the case of a put option). The writer of an option on an index has the obligation upon exercise of the option to pay an amount equal to the cash value of the index minus the exercise price, multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. The multiplier for an index option determines the size of the investment position the option represents. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of over-the-counter (OTC) options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. Although this type of arrangement allows the purchaser or writer greater flexibility to tailor an option to its needs, OTC options generally involve credit risk to the counterparty, whereas for exchange-traded, centrally cleared options, credit risk is mutualized through the involvement of the applicable clearing house.

The buyer (or holder) of an option is said to be "long" the option, while the seller (or writer) of an option is said to be "short" the option. A call option grants to the holder the right to buy (and obligates the writer to sell) the underlying security at the strike price, which is the predetermined price at which the option may be exercised. A put option grants to the holder the right to sell (and obligates the writer to buy) the underlying security at the strike price. The purchase price of an option is called the "premium." The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer, but that person could also seek to profit from an anticipated rise or decline in option prices. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is "in-the-money" at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying position exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying position. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer. The writing of an option will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a "senior security," as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

If a trading market, in particular options, were to become unavailable, investors in those options (such as the funds) would be unable to close out their positions until trading resumes, and they may be faced with substantial losses if the value of the underlying instrument moves adversely during that time. Even if the market were to remain available, there may be times when options prices will not maintain their customary or anticipated relationships to the prices of the underlying instruments and related instruments. Lack of investor interest, changes in volatility, or other factors or conditions might adversely affect the liquidity, efficiency, continuity, or even the orderliness of the market for particular options.

A fund bears the risk that its advisor will not accurately predict future market trends. If the advisor attempts to use an option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the option will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment, which could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving options can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many options, in particular OTC options, are complex and often valued based on subjective factors. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

***OTC Swap Agreements.*** An over-the-counter (OTC) swap agreement, which is a type of derivative, is an agreement between two parties (counterparties) to exchange payments at specified dates (periodic payment dates) on the basis of a specified amount (notional amount) with the payments calculated with reference to a specified asset, reference rate, or index.

Examples of OTC swap agreements include, but are not limited to, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, equity swaps, commodity swaps, foreign currency swaps, index swaps, excess return swaps, and total return swaps. Most OTC swap agreements provide that when the periodic payment dates for both parties are the same, payments are netted and only the net amount is paid to the counterparty entitled to receive the net payment. Consequently, a fund's current obligations (or rights) under an OTC swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty. OTC swap

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agreements allow for a wide variety of transactions. For example, fixed rate payments may be exchanged for floating rate payments; U.S. dollar-denominated payments may be exchanged for payments denominated in a different currency; and payments tied to the price of one asset, reference rate, or index may be exchanged for payments tied to the price of another asset, reference rate, or index.

An OTC option on an OTC swap agreement, also called a "swaption," is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market-based "premium." A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.

The use of OTC swap agreements by a fund entails certain risks, which may be different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities and other investments that are the referenced asset for the swap agreement. OTC swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of an OTC swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions.

OTC swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If an OTC swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many OTC swaps), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. In addition, OTC swap transactions may be subject to a fund's limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

OTC swap agreements may be subject to pricing risk, which exists when a particular swap becomes extraordinarily expensive or inexpensive relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity or to realize the intrinsic value of the OTC swap agreement.

Because certain OTC swap agreements have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself. Certain OTC swaps have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A leveraged OTC swap transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a "senior security," as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

Like most other investments, OTC swap agreements are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a fund's interest. A fund bears the risk that its advisor will not accurately forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other economic factors in establishing OTC swap positions for the fund. If the advisor attempts to use an OTC swap as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the OTC swap will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving OTC swap instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many OTC swaps are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

The use of an OTC swap agreement also involves the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the agreement. Additionally, the use of credit default swaps can result in losses if a fund's advisor does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit swap is based.

***Other Investment Companies.*** A fund may invest in other investment companies, including ETFs, non-exchange traded U.S. registered open-end investment companies (mutual funds), and closed-end investment companies, to the extent permitted by applicable law or SEC exemption. Under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, a fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in shares of investment companies generally and up to 5% of its assets in any one investment company, as long as no investment represents more than 3% of the voting stock of an acquired investment company. In addition, no funds for which Vanguard acts as an advisor may, in the aggregate, own more than 10% of the voting stock of a closed-end investment company. SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain

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conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement. Rule 12d1-4 is also designed to limit the use of complex fund structures. Under Rule 12d1-4, an acquired fund is prohibited from purchasing or otherwise acquiring the securities of another investment company or private fund if, immediately after the purchase, the securities of investment companies and private funds owned by the acquired fund have an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the acquired fund's total assets, subject to certain limited exceptions. Accordingly, to the extent a fund's shares are sold to other investment companies in reliance on Rule 12d1-4, the acquired fund will be limited in the amount it could invest in other investment companies and private funds. If a fund invests in other investment companies, shareholders will bear not only their proportionate share of the fund's expenses (including operating expenses and the fees of the advisor), but they also may indirectly bear similar expenses of the underlying investment companies. Certain investment companies, such as business development companies (BDCs), are more akin to operating companies and, as such, their expenses are not direct expenses paid by fund shareholders and are not used to calculate the fund's net asset value. SEC rules nevertheless require that any expenses incurred by a BDC be included in a fund's expense ratio as "Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses." The expense ratio of a fund that holds a BDC will thus overstate what the fund actually spends on portfolio management, administrative services, and other shareholder services by an amount equal to these Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not included in a fund's financial statements, which provide a clearer picture of a fund's actual operating expenses. Shareholders would also be exposed to the risks associated not only with the investments of the fund but also with the portfolio investments of the underlying investment companies. Certain types of investment companies, such as closed-end investment companies, issue a fixed number of shares that typically trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or discount to their net asset value. Others are continuously offered at net asset value but also may be traded on the secondary market.

A fund may be limited to purchasing a particular share class of other investment companies (underlying funds). In certain cases, an investor may be able to purchase lower-cost shares of such underlying funds separately, and therefore be able to construct, and maintain over time, a similar portfolio of investments while incurring lower overall expenses.

***Ownership Limitations and Regulatory Relief.*** The ability of Vanguard and external advisors to purchase or dispose of certain fund investments, or to exercise rights on behalf of a Fund, is or may be restricted or impaired because of limitations imposed by law, regulation, or by certain regulators or issuers. As a result, Vanguard and external advisors, on behalf of certain Funds currently and other Funds potentially in the future, are required to limit purchases, sell existing investments, or otherwise limit the exercise of shareholder rights by the Fund, including voting rights. These ownership restrictions and limitations can impact a Fund's performance. For index funds, this impact generally takes the form of tracking error, which can arise when a fund is not able to acquire its desired amount of a security. For actively managed funds, this impact can result, for example, in missed investment opportunities otherwise desired by a fund's investment advisor. If a Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer, then the Fund may seek to obtain regulatory or corporate consents or ownership waivers. Other options a Fund may pursue include seeking to obtain economic exposure to that issuer through alternative means, such as through a derivative or through investment in a wholly owned subsidiary, both of which may be more costly than owning securities of the issuer directly. In the event a derivative, such as a swap, is used as an alternative means of exposure, Vanguard and external advisors on behalf of a Fund are not able to guarantee the availability of derivatives necessary to allow economic exposure to the security, sector, or industry. This limited availability may have additional impacts to Fund performance. Additionally, use of derivatives as an alternative means of exposure subjects a Fund to derivatives-related risks. Ownership restrictions and limitations could result in unanticipated tax consequences to the Fund that may affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders.

***Preferred Stock.*** Preferred stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Preferred stock normally pays dividends at a specified rate and has precedence over common stock in the event the issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy. However, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. Preferred stock, unlike common stock, often has a stated dividend rate payable from the corporation's earnings. Preferred stock dividends may be cumulative or noncumulative, participating, or auction rate. "Cumulative" dividend provisions require all or a portion of prior unpaid dividends to be paid before dividends can be paid to the issuer's common stock. "Participating" preferred stock may be entitled to a dividend exceeding the stated dividend in certain cases. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of such stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as provisions allowing the stock to be called or redeemed, which can limit the benefit of a decline in interest rates. Preferred stock is subject to many of the risks to which common stock and debt securities are subject. In addition, preferred stock may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than common stock or debt securities because preferred stock may trade with less frequency and in more limited volume.

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***Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs).*** An equity REIT owns real estate properties directly and generates income from rental and lease payments. Equity REITs also have the potential to generate capital gains as properties are sold at a profit. A mortgage REIT makes construction, development, and long-term mortgage loans to commercial real estate developers and earns interest income on these loans. A hybrid REIT holds both properties and mortgages. To avoid taxation at the corporate level, REITs must distribute most of their earnings to shareholders.

Investments in REITs are subject to many of the same risks as direct investments in real estate. In general, real estate values can be affected by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, supply and demand for properties, general or local economic conditions, and the strength of specific industries that rent properties. Ultimately, a REIT's performance depends on the types and locations of the properties it owns and on how well the REIT manages its properties. For example, rental income could decline because of extended vacancies, increased competition from nearby properties, tenants' failure to pay rent, regulatory limitations on rents, fluctuations in rental income, variations in market rental rates, or incompetent management. Property values could decrease because of overbuilding in the area, environmental liabilities, uninsured damages caused by natural disasters, a general decline in the neighborhood, losses because of casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes, or changes in zoning laws.

The value of a REIT may also be affected by changes in interest rates. Rising interest rates generally increase the cost of financing for real estate projects, which could cause the value of an equity REIT to decline. During periods of declining interest rates, mortgagors may elect to prepay mortgages held by mortgage REITs, which could lower or diminish the yield on the REIT. REITs are also subject to heavy cash-flow dependency, default by borrowers, and changes in tax and regulatory requirements. In addition, a REIT may fail to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the IRC and/or fail to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act.

***Reliance on Service Providers, Data Providers, and Other Technology.*** Vanguard funds rely upon the performance of service providers to execute several key functions, which may include functions integral to a fund's operations. Failure by any service provider to carry out its obligations to a fund could disrupt the business of the fund and could have an adverse effect on the fund's performance. A fund's service providers' reliance on certain technology or information vendors (e.g., trading systems, investment analysis tools, benchmark analytics, and tax and accounting tools) could also adversely affect a fund and its shareholders. For example, a fund's investment advisor may use models and/or data with respect to potential investments for the fund. When models or data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance upon such models or data expose a fund to potential risks.

***Repurchase Agreements.*** A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which a fund acquires a debt security (generally a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker's acceptance, or a certificate of deposit) from a bank, a broker, a dealer, or another counterparty that meets minimum credit requirements and simultaneously agrees to resell such security to the seller at an agreed-upon price and date (normally, the next business day). Because the security purchased constitutes collateral for the repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement may be considered a loan that is collateralized by the security purchased. The resale price reflects an agreed-upon interest rate effective for the period the instrument is held by a fund and is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying instrument. In these transactions, the securities acquired by a fund (including accrued interest earned thereon) must have a total value in excess of the value of the repurchase agreement and be held by a custodian bank until repurchased. In addition, the investment advisor will monitor a fund's repurchase agreement transactions generally and will evaluate the creditworthiness of any bank, broker, dealer, or other counterparty that meets minimum credit requirements to a repurchase agreement relating to a fund. The aggregate amount of any such agreements is not limited, except to the extent required by law.

The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. One risk is the seller's ability to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the repurchase date. If the seller defaults, the fund may incur costs in disposing of the collateral, which would reduce the amount realized thereon. If the seller seeks relief under bankruptcy laws, the disposition of the collateral may be delayed or limited. For example, if the other party to the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under bankruptcy or other laws, a court may determine that the underlying security is collateral for a loan by the fund not within its control, and therefore the realization by the fund on such collateral may be automatically stayed. Finally, it is possible that the fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying security and may be deemed an unsecured creditor of the other party to the agreement.

***Restricted and Illiquid Securities/Investments (including Private Placements).*** Illiquid securities/investments are investments that a fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. The SEC generally limits aggregate holdings of illiquid securities/investments by a mutual fund to 15% of its net assets (5% for money market funds). A fund may experience difficulty valuing and selling illiquid securities/investments and, in some

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cases, may be unable to value or sell certain illiquid securities for an indefinite period of time. Illiquid securities may include a wide variety of investments, such as (1) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days (unless the agreements have demand/redemption features), (2) OTC options contracts and certain other derivatives (including certain swap agreements), (3) fixed time deposits that are not subject to prepayment or do not provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), (4) certain loan interests and other direct debt instruments, (5) certain municipal lease obligations, (6) private equity investments, (7) commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act, and (8) securities whose disposition is restricted under the federal securities laws. Illiquid securities/investments may include restricted, privately placed securities (such as private investments in public equity (PIPEs) or special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs)) that, under the federal securities laws, generally may be resold only to qualified institutional buyers. If a market develops for a restricted security held by a fund, it may be treated as a liquid security in accordance with guidelines approved by the board of trustees.

***Reverse Repurchase Agreements.*** In a reverse repurchase agreement, a fund sells a security to another party, such as a bank or broker-dealer, in return for cash and agrees to repurchase that security at an agreed-upon price and time. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the fund continues to receive any principal and interest payments on the underlying security during the term of the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities retained by the fund may decline below the repurchase price of the securities sold by the fund that it is obligated to repurchase. In addition to the risk of such a loss, fees charged to the fund may exceed the return the fund earns from investing the proceeds received from the reverse repurchase agreement transaction. A reverse repurchase agreement may be considered a borrowing transaction for purposes of the 1940 Act. A reverse repurchase agreement transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a "senior security," as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4. A fund will enter into reverse repurchase agreements only with parties whose creditworthiness has been reviewed and found satisfactory by the advisor. If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, a fund's use of proceeds from the sale may be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines if it will honor the fund's right to repurchase the securities. If the fund is unable to recover the securities it sold in a reverse repurchase agreement, it would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it received for them.

***Securities Lending.*** A fund may lend its securities to financial institutions (typically brokers, dealers, and banks) to generate income for the fund. There are certain risks associated with lending securities, including counterparty, credit, market, regulatory, and operational risks. Vanguard considers the creditworthiness of the borrower, among other factors, in making decisions with respect to the lending of securities, subject to oversight by the board of trustees. If the borrower defaults on its obligation to return the securities lent because of insolvency or other reasons, a fund could experience delays and costs in recovering the securities lent or in gaining access to the collateral. These delays and costs could be greater for certain types of foreign securities, as well as certain types of borrowers that are subject to global regulatory regimes. If a fund is not able to recover the securities lent, the fund may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement security in the market. Collateral investments are subject to market appreciation or depreciation. The value of the collateral could decrease below the value of the replacement investment by the time the replacement investment is purchased. Currently, a fund invests cash collateral into Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, an affiliated money market fund that invests in high-quality, short-term money market instruments.

The terms and the structure of the loan arrangements, as well as the aggregate amount of securities loans, must be consistent with the 1940 Act and the rules or interpretations of the SEC thereunder. These provisions limit the amount of securities a fund may lend to 33⅓% of the fund's total assets and require that (1) the borrower pledge and maintain with the fund collateral consisting of cash, an irrevocable letter of credit, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government having at all times not less than 100% of the value of the securities lent; (2) the borrower add to such collateral whenever the price of the securities lent rises (i.e., the borrower "marks to market" on a daily basis); (3) the loan be made subject to termination by the fund at any time; and (4) the fund receives reasonable interest on the loan (which may include the fund investing any cash collateral in interest-bearing short-term investments), any distribution on the lent securities, and any increase in their market value. Loan arrangements made by a fund will comply with any other applicable regulatory requirements. At the present time, the SEC does not object if an investment company pays reasonable negotiated fees in connection with lent securities, so long as such fees are set forth in a written contract and approved by the investment company's trustees. In addition, voting rights pass with the lent securities, but if a fund has knowledge that a material event will occur affecting securities on loan, and in respect to which the holder of

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the securities will be entitled to vote or consent, the lender must be entitled to call the loaned securities in time to vote or consent. A fund bears the risk that there may be a delay in the return of the securities, which may impair the fund's ability to vote on such a matter. See *Tax Status of the Funds* for information about certain tax consequences related to a fund's securities lending activities.

Pursuant to Vanguard's securities lending policy, Vanguard's fixed income and money market funds are not permitted to, and do not, lend their investment securities.

***Tax Matters—Federal Tax Discussion.*** Discussion herein of U.S. federal income tax matters summarizes some of the important, generally applicable U.S. federal tax considerations relevant to investment in a fund based on the IRC, U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authorities. These authorities are subject to change by legislative, administrative, or judicial action, possibly with retroactive effect. Each Fund has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters discussed in this Statement of Additional Information. In some cases, a fund's tax position may be uncertain under current tax law and an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to such a position could adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including the fund's ability to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company or to continue to pursue its current investment strategy. A shareholder should consult his or her tax professional for information regarding the particular situation and the possible application of U.S. federal, state, local, foreign, and other taxes.

***Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions.*** A fund's transactions in derivative instruments (including, but not limited to, options, futures, forward contracts, and swap agreements), as well as any of the fund's hedging, short sale, securities loan, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules that accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund's securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders.

Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a fund-level tax.

***Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Futures Contracts.*** For federal income tax purposes, a fund generally must recognize, as of the end of each taxable year, any net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures contracts, as well as any gains and losses actually realized during the year. In these cases, any gain or loss recognized with respect to a futures contract is considered to be 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss, without regard to the holding period of the contract. Gains and losses on certain other futures contracts (primarily non-U.S. futures contracts) are not recognized until the contracts are closed and are treated as long-term or short-term, depending on the holding period of the contract. Sales of futures contracts that are intended to hedge against a change in the value of securities held by a fund may affect the holding period of such securities and, consequently, the nature of the gain or loss on such securities upon disposition. A fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on one position, such as futures contracts, to the extent of any unrecognized gains on a related offsetting position held by the fund.

A fund will distribute to shareholders annually any net capital gains that have been recognized for federal income tax purposes on futures transactions. Such distributions will be combined with distributions of capital gains realized on the fund's other investments, and shareholders will be advised on the nature of the distributions.

***Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Non-U.S. Currency Transactions.*** Special rules generally govern the federal income tax treatment of a fund's transactions in the following: non-U.S. currencies; non-U.S. currency-denominated debt obligations; and certain non-U.S. currency options, futures contracts, forward contracts, and similar instruments. Accordingly, if a fund engages in these types of transactions it may have ordinary income or loss to the extent that such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned. Such ordinary income could accelerate fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any ordinary loss so created will generally reduce ordinary income distributions and, in some cases, could require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Net ordinary losses cannot be carried forward by the fund to offset income or gains realized in subsequent taxable years.

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Any gain or loss attributable to the non-U.S. currency component of a transaction engaged in by a fund that is not subject to these special currency rules (such as foreign equity investments other than certain preferred stocks) will generally be treated as a capital gain or loss and will not be segregated from the gain or loss on the underlying transaction.

To the extent a fund engages in non-U.S. currency hedging, the fund may elect or be required to apply other rules that could affect the character, timing, or amount of the fund's gains and losses. For more information, see *"Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions."*

***Tax Matters—Foreign Tax Credit.*** Foreign governments may withhold taxes on dividends and interest paid with respect to foreign securities held by a fund. Foreign governments may also impose taxes on other payments or gains with respect to foreign securities. If, at the close of its fiscal year, more than 50% of a fund's total assets are invested in securities of foreign issuers, the fund may elect to pass through to shareholders the ability to deduct or, if they meet certain holding period requirements, take a credit for foreign taxes paid by the fund. Similarly, if at the close of each quarter of a fund's taxable year, at least 50% of its total assets consist of interests in other regulated investment companies, the fund is permitted to elect to pass through to its shareholders the foreign income taxes paid by the fund in connection with foreign securities held directly by the fund or held by a regulated investment company in which the fund invests that has elected to pass through such taxes to shareholders.

***Tax Matters—Market Discount or Premium.*** The price of a bond purchased after its original issuance may reflect market discount or premium. Depending on the particular circumstances, market discount may affect the tax character and amount of income required to be recognized by a fund holding the bond. In determining whether a bond is purchased with market discount, certain de minimis rules apply. Premium is generally amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. Depending on the type of bond, premium may affect the amount of income required to be recognized by a fund holding the bond and the fund's basis in the bond.

***Tax Matters—Passive Foreign Investment Companies.*** Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund may invest in passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). A foreign company is generally a PFIC if 75% or more of its gross income is passive or if 50% or more of its assets produce passive income. Capital gains on the sale of an interest in a PFIC will be deemed ordinary income regardless of how long the fund held it. Also, the fund may be subject to corporate income tax and an interest charge on certain dividends and capital gains earned in respect to PFIC interests, whether or not such amounts are distributed to shareholders. To avoid such tax and interest, the fund may elect to "mark to market" its PFIC interests, that is, to treat such interests as sold on the last day of the fund's fiscal year, and to recognize any unrealized gains (or losses, to the extent of previously recognized gains) as ordinary income (or loss) each year. Distributions from a fund that are attributable to income or gains earned in respect to PFIC interests are characterized as ordinary income.

***Tax Matters—Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits.*** If a fund invests directly or indirectly, including through a REIT or other pass-through entity, in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs), a portion of the fund's income that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (such portion referred to in the IRC as an "excess inclusion") will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events—including potentially at the fund level—under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and U.S. Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (1) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions); (2) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity, which otherwise might not be required, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income; and (3) in the case of a non-U.S. investor, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the IRC. As a result, a fund investing in such interests may not be suitable for charitable remainder trusts. See *"Tax Matters—Tax-Exempt Investors."*

***Tax Matters—Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Investors.*** U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments made by non-U.S. investors in Vanguard funds. Certain properly reported distributions of qualifying interest income or short-term capital gain made by a fund to its non-U.S. investors are exempt from U.S. withholding taxes, provided the investors furnish valid tax documentation (i.e., IRS Form W-8) certifying as to their non-U.S. status.

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A fund is permitted, but is not required, to report any of its distributions as eligible for such relief, and some distributions (e.g., distributions of interest a fund receives from non-U.S. issuers) are not eligible for this relief. For some funds, Vanguard has chosen to report qualifying distributions and apply the withholding exemption to those distributions when made to non-U.S. shareholders who invest directly with Vanguard. For other funds, Vanguard may choose not to apply the withholding exemption to qualifying fund distributions made to direct shareholders, but may provide the reporting to such shareholders. In these cases, a shareholder may be able to reclaim such withholding tax directly from the IRS.

If shareholders hold fund shares (including ETF shares) through a broker or intermediary, their broker or intermediary may apply this relief to properly reported qualifying distributions made to shareholders with respect to those shares. If a shareholder's broker or intermediary instead collects withholding tax where the fund has provided the proper reporting, the shareholder may be able to reclaim such withholding tax from the IRS. Please consult your broker or intermediary regarding the application of these rules.

This relief does not apply to any withholding required under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), which generally requires a fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders. If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA, a fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on fund distributions. Please consult your tax advisor for more information about these rules.

***Tax Matters—Tax-Exempt Investors.*** Income of a fund that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity will not generally be attributed as UBTI to a tax-exempt shareholder of the fund. Notwithstanding this "blocking" effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a fund if shares in the fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of IRC Section 514(b).

A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if a fund recognizes "excess inclusion income" derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. See *"Tax Matters—Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits."* 

In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts that invest in a fund that invests directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Charitable remainder trusts and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in a fund.

***Time Deposits.*** Time deposits are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issuers of money market instruments, most notably credit risk (and, to a lesser extent, income risk, market risk, and liquidity risk). Additionally, time deposits of foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign branches of foreign banks may be subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of U.S. dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments, the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions, the imposition of foreign withholding taxes, and expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers. However, time deposits of such issuers will undergo the same type of credit analysis as domestic issuers in which a Vanguard fund invests and will have at least the same financial strength as the domestic issuers approved for the fund.

***Warrants.*** Warrants are instruments that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments. Other kinds of warrants exist, including, but not limited to, warrants linked to countries' economic performance or to commodity prices such as oil prices. These warrants may be subject to risk from fluctuation of underlying assets or indexes, as well as credit risk that the issuer does not pay on the obligations and risk that the data used for warrant payment calculation does not accurately reflect the true underlying commodity price or economic performance.

***When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery, and Forward-Commitment Transactions.*** When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment transactions involve a commitment to purchase or sell specific securities at a predetermined price or yield in which payment and delivery take place after the customary settlement period for that type of security. Typically, no interest accrues to the purchaser until the security is delivered. When purchasing securities pursuant to one of these transactions, payment for the securities is not required until the delivery date. However, the purchaser

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assumes the rights and risks of ownership, including the risks of price and yield fluctuations and the risk that the security will not be issued as anticipated. When a fund has sold a security pursuant to one of these transactions, the fund does not participate in further gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a delayed-delivery transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, the fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or suffer a loss. A fund may renegotiate a when-issued or forward-commitment transaction and may sell the underlying securities before delivery, which may result in capital gains or losses for the fund. When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment transactions will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a "senior security," as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by the fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

**Regulatory Restrictions in India.** Shares of Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund have not been, and will not be, registered under the laws of India and are not intended to benefit from any laws in India promulgated for the protection of shareholders. As a result of regulatory requirements in India, shares of each Fund shall not be knowingly offered to (directly or indirectly) or sold or delivered to (within India); transferred to or purchased by; or held by, for, on the account of, or for the benefit of (i) a "person resident in India" (as defined under applicable Indian law), (ii) an "overseas corporate body" or a "person of Indian origin" (as defined under applicable Indian law), or (iii) any other entity or person disqualified or otherwise prohibited from accessing the Indian securities market under applicable laws, as may be amended from time to time. Investors, prior to purchasing shares of each Fund, must satisfy themselves regarding compliance with these requirements.

**Share Price**

Multiple-class funds do not have a single share price. Rather, each class has a share price, also known as *net asset value (*NAV), which is calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, each Fund reserves the right to treat such day as a business day and calculate NAVs as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard's discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The NAV per share for Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. The NAV per share for each of the remaining Funds is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, of the Fund by the number of Fund shares outstanding. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Funds do not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of a Fund's assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

The underlying Vanguard funds in which the LifeStrategy Funds and STAR Fund invest also do not calculate their NAV on days when the NYSE is closed but the value of their assets may also be affected to the extent that they hold foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open.

The NYSE typically observes the following holidays: New Year's Day; Martin Luther King, Jr., Day; Presidents' Day (Washington's Birthday); Good Friday; Memorial Day; Juneteenth National Independence Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Thanksgiving Day; and Christmas Day. Although each Fund expects the same holidays to be observed in the future, the NYSE may modify its holiday schedule or hours of operation at any time.

**Purchase and Redemption of Shares** 

**Purchase of Shares (Other than ETF Shares)**

The purchase price of shares of each Fund is the NAV per share next determined after the purchase request is received in good order, as defined in each Fund's prospectus.

***Exchange of Securities for Shares of a Fund.*** Shares of a Fund may be purchased "in kind" (i.e., in exchange for securities, rather than for cash) at the discretion of each Fund's portfolio manager. Such securities must not be restricted as to transfer and must have a value that is readily ascertainable. Securities accepted by each Fund will be valued, as set forth in the Fund's prospectus, as of the time of the next determination of NAV after such acceptance.

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All dividend, subscription, or other rights that are reflected in the market price of accepted securities at the time of valuation become the property of each Fund and must be delivered to the Fund by the investor upon receipt from the issuer. A gain or loss for federal income tax purposes, depending upon the cost of the securities tendered, would be realized by the investor upon the exchange. Investors interested in purchasing fund shares in kind should contact Vanguard.

**Redemption of Shares (Other than ETF Shares)**

The redemption price of shares of each Fund is the NAV per share next determined after the redemption request is received in good order, as defined in each Fund's prospectus.

Each Fund can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, each Fund can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days (1) during any period that the NYSE is closed or trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the SEC; (2) during any period when an emergency exists, as defined by the SEC, as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of securities it owns or to fairly determine the value of its assets; or (3) for such other periods as the SEC may permit.

The Trust has filed a notice of election with the SEC to pay in cash all redemptions requested by any shareholder of record limited in amount during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of a Fund at the beginning of such period.

If Vanguard determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of the Fund to make payment wholly or partly in cash, the Fund may pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution in kind of readily marketable securities held by the Fund in lieu of cash in conformity with applicable rules of the SEC and in accordance with procedures adopted by the Fund's board of trustees. Investors may incur brokerage charges on the sale of such securities received in payment of redemptions.

The Funds do not charge a redemption fee. Shares redeemed may be worth more or less than what was paid for them, depending on the market value of the securities held by the Funds.

Vanguard processes purchase and redemption requests through a pooled account. Pending investment direction or distribution of redemption proceeds, the assets in the pooled account are invested and any earnings (the "float") are allocated proportionately among the Vanguard funds in order to offset fund expenses. Other than the float, Vanguard treats assets held in the pooled account as the assets of each shareholder making such purchase or redemption request.

**Right to Change Policies** 

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

**Account Restrictions** 

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud or financial exploitation or abuse, or will protect vulnerable investors; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

**B-35**

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**Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms** 

Each Fund has authorized certain agents to accept on its behalf purchase and redemption orders, and those agents are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Fund's behalf (collectively, Authorized Agents). Each Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an Authorized Agent accepts the order in accordance with the Fund's instructions. In most instances, a customer order that is properly transmitted to an Authorized Agent will be priced at the NAV per share next determined after the order is received by the Authorized Agent.

**Management of the Funds** 

**Vanguard**

Each Fund is part of the Vanguard group of investment companies, which consists of over 200 funds. Each fund is a series of a Delaware statutory trust. The funds obtain virtually all of their corporate management, administrative, and distribution services through the trusts' jointly owned subsidiary, Vanguard. Vanguard may contract with certain third-party service providers to assist Vanguard in providing certain administrative and/or accounting services with

respect to the funds, subject to Vanguard's oversight. Vanguard also provides investment advisory services to certain Vanguard funds. All of these services are provided at Vanguard's total cost of operations pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Funds' Service Agreement (the Agreement).

Vanguard was established and operates under the Agreement. Vanguard employs a supporting staff of management and administrative personnel needed to provide the requisite services to the funds and also furnishes the funds with necessary office space, furnishings, and equipment.

Pursuant to an agreement between Vanguard and JP Morgan Chase Bank N.A. (JP Morgan), JP Morgan provides services for Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds, and Vanguard STAR Fund. These services include, but are not limited to: (i) the calculation of such funds' daily NAVs and (ii) the furnishing of financial reports. The fees paid to JP Morgan under this agreement are based on a combination of flat and asset based fees. During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, JP Morgan had received fees from the Funds for administrative services rendered as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **2020** | **2021** | **2022** |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund | $— | $12749.94 | $16999.92 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund |  | 12749.94 | 16999.92 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund |  | 12749.94 | 16999.92 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund |  | 12749.94 | 16999.92 |
| Vanguard STAR Fund |  | 12749.94 | 16999.92 |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | 4249.98 | 16999.92 | 16999.91 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

The funds' officers are also employees of Vanguard.

Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation (VMC), the funds, and the funds' advisors have adopted codes of ethics designed to prevent employees who may have access to nonpublic information about the trading activities of the funds (access persons) from profiting from that information. The codes of ethics permit access persons to invest in securities

for their own accounts, including securities that may be held by a fund, but place substantive and procedural restrictions on the trading activities of access persons. For example, the codes of ethics require that access persons receive advance approval for most securities trades to ensure that there is no conflict with the trading activities of the funds.

*Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Only*. Vanguard provides corporate management, administrative, and distribution services. Each fund (other than a fund of funds) pays its share of Vanguard's total expenses, which are allocated among the funds under methods approved by the board of trustees of each fund. In addition, each fund bears its own direct expenses, such as legal, auditing, and custodial fees. The Agreement provides that each Vanguard fund (other than a fund of funds) may be called upon to invest up to 0.40% of its net assets in Vanguard. The amounts that

**B-36**

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each fund has invested are adjusted from time to time in order to maintain the proportionate relationship between each fund's relative net assets and its contribution to Vanguard's capital.

As of October 31, 2022, the Total International Stock Index Fund had contributed capital to Vanguard as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **Capital**<br> **Contribution**<br> **to Vanguard**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Percentage of**<br> **Fund's Average**<br> **Net Assets**<br>| **Percent of**<br> **Vanguard Funds'**<br> **Contribution**<br>|
| Total International Stock Index Fund | $12398000 | less than 0.01% | 4.96% |

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***Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds and Vanguard STAR Fund Only.*** The Agreement provides that the Funds will not contribute to Vanguard's capitalization or pay for corporate management, administrative, and distribution services provided by Vanguard. However, each Fund will bear its own direct expenses, such as legal, auditing, and custodial fees. In addition, the Agreement further provides that the Funds' direct expenses may be offset, in whole or in part, by (1) the Funds' contributions to the cost of operating the underlying funds in which the Funds invest, and (2) certain savings in administrative and marketing costs that Vanguard expects to derive from the Funds' operations. Accordingly, all expenses for services provided by Vanguard to the Funds and all other expenses incurred by the Funds are expected to be borne by the underlying funds. The Funds' shareholders bear the fees and expenses associated with the Fund's investments in the underlying funds.

As of October 31, 2022, the Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses of the Funds were as follows: LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund—0.12%; LifeStrategy Growth Fund—0.14%; LifeStrategy Income Fund—0.11%; LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund—0.13%; and STAR Fund—0.31%.

***Management.*** Corporate management and administrative services include (1) executive staff, (2) accounting and financial, (3) legal and regulatory, (4) shareholder account maintenance, (5) monitoring and control of custodian relationships, (6) shareholder reporting, and (7) review and evaluation of advisory and other services provided to the funds by third parties.

***Distribution.*** Vanguard Marketing Corporation, 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vanguard, is the principal underwriter for the funds and in that capacity performs and finances marketing, promotional, and distribution activities (collectively, marketing and distribution activities) that are primarily intended to result in the sale of the funds' shares. VMC offers shares of each fund for sale on a continuous basis and will use all reasonable efforts in connection with the distribution of shares of the funds. VMC performs marketing and distribution activities in accordance with the conditions of a 1981 SEC exemptive order that permits the Vanguard funds to internalize and jointly finance the marketing, promotion, and distribution of their shares. The funds' trustees review and approve the marketing and distribution expenses incurred by the funds, including the nature and cost of the activities and the desirability of each fund's continued participation in the joint arrangement.

To ensure that each fund's participation in the joint arrangement falls within a reasonable range of fairness, each fund contributes to VMC's marketing and distribution expenses in accordance with an SEC-approved formula. Under that formula, one half of the marketing and distribution expenses are allocated among the funds based upon their relative net assets. The remaining half of those expenses is allocated among the funds based upon each fund's sales for the preceding 24 months relative to the total sales of the funds as a group, provided, however, that no fund's aggregate quarterly rate of contribution for marketing and distribution expenses shall exceed 125% of the average marketing and distribution expense rate for Vanguard and that no fund shall incur annual marketing and distribution expenses in excess of 0.20% of its average month-end net assets. Each fund's contribution to these marketing and distribution expenses helps to maintain and enhance the attractiveness and viability of the Vanguard complex as a whole, which benefits all of the funds and their shareholders.

VMC's principal marketing and distribution expenses are for advertising, promotional materials, and marketing personnel. Other marketing and distribution activities of an administrative nature that VMC undertakes on behalf of the funds may include, but are not limited to:

◾ Conducting or publishing Vanguard-generated research and analysis concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.

◾ Providing views, opinions, advice, or commentary concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.

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◾ Providing analytical, statistical, performance, or other information concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.

◾ Providing administrative services in connection with investments in the funds or other investments, including, but not limited to, shareholder services, recordkeeping services, and educational services.

◾ Providing products or services that assist investors or financial service providers (as defined below) in the investment decision-making process.

VMC performs most marketing and distribution activities itself. Some activities may be conducted by third parties pursuant to shared marketing arrangements under which VMC agrees to share the costs and performance of marketing and distribution activities in concert with a financial service provider. Financial service providers include, but are not limited to, investment advisors, broker-dealers, financial planners, financial consultants, banks, and insurance companies. Under these cost- and performance-sharing arrangements, VMC may pay or reimburse a financial service provider (or a third party it retains) for marketing and distribution activities that VMC would otherwise perform. VMC's cost- and performance-sharing arrangements may be established in connection with Vanguard investment products or services offered or provided to or through the financial service providers.

VMC's arrangements for shared marketing and distribution activities may vary among financial service providers, and its payments or reimbursements to financial service providers in connection with shared marketing and distribution activities may be significant. VMC, as a matter of policy, does not pay asset-based fees, sales-based fees, or account-based fees to financial service providers in connection with its marketing and distribution activities for the Vanguard funds. VMC does make fixed dollar payments to financial service providers when sponsoring, jointly sponsoring, financially supporting, or participating in conferences, programs, seminars, presentations, meetings, or other events involving fund shareholders, financial service providers, or others concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy, such as industry conferences, prospecting trips, due diligence visits, training or education meetings, and sales presentations. VMC also makes fixed dollar payments to financial service providers for data regarding funds, such as statistical information regarding sales of fund shares. In addition, VMC makes fixed dollar payments for expenses associated with financial service providers' use of Vanguard's funds including, but not limited to, the use of funds in model portfolios. These payments may be used for services including, but not limited to, technology support and development; platform support and development; due diligence related to products used on a platform; legal, regulatory, and compliance expenses related to a platform; and other platform-related services.

In connection with its marketing and distribution activities, VMC may give financial service providers (or their representatives) (1) promotional items of nominal value that display Vanguard's logo, such as golf balls, shirts, towels, pens, and mouse pads; (2) gifts that do not exceed $100 per person annually and are not preconditioned on achievement of a sales target; (3) an occasional meal, a ticket to a sporting event or the theater, or comparable entertainment that is neither so frequent nor so extensive as to raise any question of propriety and is not preconditioned on achievement of a sales target; and (4) reasonable travel and lodging accommodations to facilitate participation in marketing and distribution activities.

VMC policy prohibits marketing and distribution activities that are intended, designed, or likely to compromise suitability determinations by, or the fulfillment of any fiduciary duties or other obligations that apply to, financial service providers. Nonetheless, VMC's marketing and distribution activities are primarily intended to result in the sale of the funds' shares, and as such, its activities, including shared marketing and distribution activities and fixed dollar payments as described above, may influence applicable financial service providers (or their representatives) to recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class. In addition, Vanguard or any of its subsidiaries may retain a financial service provider to provide consulting or other services, and that financial service provider also may provide services to investors. Investors should consider the possibility that any of these activities, relationships, or payments may influence a financial service provider's (or its representatives') decision to recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class. Each financial service provider should consider its suitability determinations, fiduciary duties, and other legal obligations (or those of its representatives) in connection with any decision to consider, recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class.

The following table describes the expenses of Vanguard and VMC that are incurred by Total International Stock Index Fund. Amounts captioned "Management and Administrative Expenses" include the Fund's allocated share of expenses associated with the management, administrative, and transfer agency services Vanguard provides to the Vanguard funds. Amounts captioned "Marketing and Distribution Expenses" include the Fund's allocated share of expenses associated with the marketing and distribution activities that VMC conducts on behalf of the Vanguard funds.

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As is the case with all mutual funds, transaction costs incurred by Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund for buying and selling securities are not reflected in the table. Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses are based on expenses incurred in the fiscal years ended October 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, and are presented as a percentage of each Fund's average month-end net assets.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses**<br> **(Shared Expenses Deducted From Fund Assets)** | **Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses**<br> **(Shared Expenses Deducted From Fund Assets)** | **Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses**<br> **(Shared Expenses Deducted From Fund Assets)** | **Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses**<br> **(Shared Expenses Deducted From Fund Assets)** |
| **Vanguard Fund** | **2020** | **2021** | **2022** |
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund** |  |  |  |
| Management and Administrative Expenses | 0.10% | 0.11% | 0.11% |
| Marketing and Distribution Expenses | 0.01  | Less than 0.01  | 0.01  |

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**Officers and Trustees** 

Each Vanguard fund is governed by the board of trustees of its trust and a single set of officers. Consistent with the board's corporate governance principles, the trustees believe that their primary responsibility is oversight of the management of each fund for the benefit of its shareholders, not day-to-day management. The trustees set broad policies for the funds; select investment advisors; monitor fund operations, regulatory compliance, performance, and costs; nominate and select new trustees; and elect fund officers. Vanguard manages the day-to-day operations of the funds under the direction of the board of trustees.

The trustees play an active role, as a full board and at the committee level, in overseeing risk management for the funds. The trustees delegate the day-to-day risk management of the funds to various groups, including portfolio review, investment management, risk management, compliance, legal, fund accounting, and fund financial services. These groups provide the trustees with regular reports regarding investment, valuation, liquidity, and compliance, as well as the risks associated with each. The trustees also oversee risk management for the funds through regular interactions with the funds' internal and external auditors.

The full board participates in the funds' risk oversight, in part, through the Vanguard funds' compliance program, which covers the following broad areas of compliance: investment and other operations; recordkeeping; valuation and pricing; communications and disclosure; reporting and accounting; oversight of service providers; fund governance; and codes of ethics, insider trading controls, and protection of nonpublic information. The program seeks to identify and assess risk through various methods, including through regular interdisciplinary communications between compliance professionals and business personnel who participate on a daily basis in risk management on behalf of the funds. The funds' chief compliance officer regularly provides reports to the board in writing and in person.

The audit committee of the board, which is composed of F. Joseph Loughrey, Mark Loughridge, Sarah Bloom Raskin, and Peter F. Volanakis, each of whom is an independent trustee, oversees management of financial risks and controls. The audit committee serves as the channel of communication between the independent auditors of the funds and the board with respect to financial statements and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control, and the audit process. Vanguard's head of internal audit reports directly to the audit committee and provides reports to the committee in writing and in person on a regular basis. Although the audit committee is responsible for overseeing the management of financial risks, the entire board is regularly informed of these risks through committee reports.

All of the trustees bring to each fund's board a wealth of executive leadership experience derived from their service as executives (in many cases chief executive officers), board members, and leaders of diverse public operating companies, academic institutions, and other organizations. In determining whether an individual is qualified to serve as a trustee of the funds, the board considers a wide variety of information about the trustee, and multiple factors contribute to the board's decision. Each trustee is determined to have the experience, skills, and attributes necessary to serve the funds and their shareholders because each trustee demonstrates an exceptional ability to consider complex business and financial matters, evaluate the relative importance and priority of issues, make decisions, and contribute effectively to the deliberations of the board. The board also considers the individual experience of each trustee and determines that the trustee's professional experience, education, and background contribute to the diversity of perspectives on the board. The business acumen, experience, and objective thinking of the trustees are considered invaluable assets for Vanguard management and, ultimately, the Vanguard funds' shareholders. The specific roles and experience of each board member that factor into this determination are presented on the following pages. The mailing address of the trustees and officers is P.O. Box 876, Valley Forge, PA 19482.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name, Year of Birth** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Position(s)**<br> **Held With** <br> **Funds**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Vanguard** <br> **Funds' Trustee/** <br> **Officer Since**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Principal Occupation(s)** <br> **During the Past Five Years,** <br> **Outside Directorships,**<br> **and Other Experience**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Number of** <br> **Vanguard Funds** <br> **Overseen by** <br> **Trustee/Officer**<br>|
| **Interested Trustee**<sup>1</sup> <br>|  |  |  |  |
| Mortimer J. Buckley<br> (1969)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Chairman of the <br> Board, Chief <br> Executive <br> Officer, and <br> President<br>| January 2018 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Chairman of the board (2019–present) of Vanguard and <br> of each of the investment companies served by <br> Vanguard; chief executive officer (2018–present) of <br> Vanguard; chief executive officer, president, and <br> trustee (2018–present) of each of the investment <br> companies served by Vanguard; president and director <br> (2017–present) of Vanguard; and president <br> (2018–present) of Vanguard Marketing Corporation. <br> Chief investment officer (2013–2017), managing <br> director (2002–2017), head of the Retail Investor Group <br> (2006–2012), and chief information officer (2001–2006) <br> of Vanguard. Trustee and vice chair of The Shipley <br> School. Member of the board of governors of the <br> Investment Company Institute and of FINRA.<br>| 206 |
| 1 Mr. Buckley is considered an "interested person" as defined in the 1940 Act because he is an officer of the Trust. | 1 Mr. Buckley is considered an "interested person" as defined in the 1940 Act because he is an officer of the Trust. | 1 Mr. Buckley is considered an "interested person" as defined in the 1940 Act because he is an officer of the Trust. | 1 Mr. Buckley is considered an "interested person" as defined in the 1940 Act because he is an officer of the Trust. | 1 Mr. Buckley is considered an "interested person" as defined in the 1940 Act because he is an officer of the Trust. |
| **Independent Trustees** |  |  |  |  |
| Tara Bunch<br> (1962)<br>| Trustee | November 2021 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Head of Global Operations at Airbnb (2020–present). <br> Vice President of AppleCare (2012–2020). Member of <br> the board of Out & Equal, the University of California, <br> Berkeley School of Engineering, and Santa Clara <br> University's School of Business.<br>| 206 |
| Emerson U. Fullwood<br> (1948)<br>| Trustee | January 2008 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Executive chief staff and marketing officer for North <br> America and corporate vice president (retired 2008) of <br> Xerox Corporation (document management products <br> and services). Former president of the Worldwide <br> Channels Group, Latin America, and Worldwide <br> Customer Service and executive chief staff officer of <br> Developing Markets of Xerox. Executive in residence <br> and 2009–2010 Distinguished Minett Professor at the <br> Rochester Institute of Technology. Member of the <br> board of directors of the University of Rochester <br> Medical Center, the Monroe Community College <br> Foundation, the United Way of Rochester, North <br> Carolina A&T University, Roberts Wesleyan College, <br> and the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra. Trustee of <br> the University of Rochester.<br>| 206 |
| F. Joseph Loughrey<br> (1949)<br>| Trustee | October 2009 | &nbsp;&nbsp; President and chief operating officer (retired 2009) and <br> vice chairman of the board (2008–2009) of Cummins <br> Inc. (industrial machinery). Chairman of the board of <br> Hillenbrand, Inc. (global industrial company). Director <br> of the V Foundation. Member of the advisory council <br> for the College of Arts and Letters at the University of <br> Notre Dame. Chairman of the board of Saint Anselm <br> College.<br>| 206 |
| Mark Loughridge<br> (1953)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Lead <br> Independent <br> Trustee<br>| March 2012 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Senior vice president and chief financial officer (retired <br> 2013) of IBM (information technology services). <br> Fiduciary member of IBM's Retirement Plan <br> Committee (2004–2013), senior vice president and <br> general manager (2002–2004) of IBM Global Financing, <br> vice president and controller (1998–2002) of IBM, and <br> a variety of other prior management roles at IBM. <br> Member of the Council on Chicago Booth.<br>| 206  |

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name, Year of Birth** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Position(s)**<br> **Held With** <br> **Funds**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Vanguard** <br> **Funds' Trustee/** <br> **Officer Since**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Principal Occupation(s)** <br> **During the Past Five Years,** <br> **Outside Directorships,**<br> **and Other Experience**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Number of** <br> **Vanguard Funds** <br> **Overseen by** <br> **Trustee/Officer**<br>|
| Scott C. Malpass<br> (1962)<br>| Trustee | March 2012 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Chief investment officer and vice president of the <br> University of Notre Dame (retired 2020). Chair of the <br> board of Catholic Investment Services, Inc. <br> (investment advisors). Member of the board of <br> superintendence of the Institute for the Works of <br> Religion. Member of the Notre Dame 403(b) <br> Investment Committee and the board of directors of <br> Paxos Trust Company (finance).<br>| 206 |
| Deanna Mulligan<br> (1963)<br>| Trustee | January 2018 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Chief executive officer of Purposeful (2021–present). <br> Board chair (2020), chief executive officer (2011–2020), <br> and president (2010–2019) of The Guardian Life <br> Insurance Company of America. Chief operating officer <br> (2010–2011) and executive vice president (2008–2010) <br> of Individual Life and Disability of The Guardian Life <br> Insurance Company of America. Director of DuPont. <br> Member of the board of the Economic Club of New <br> York. Trustee of the Partnership for New York City <br> (business leadership), the Chief Executives for <br> Corporate Purpose, and the New York-Presbyterian <br> Hospital.<br>| 206 |
| André F. Perold<br> (1952)<br>| Trustee | December 2004 | &nbsp;&nbsp; George Gund Professor of Finance and Banking, <br> Emeritus at the Harvard Business School (retired <br> 2011). Chief investment officer and partner of <br> HighVista Strategies LLC (private investment firm). <br> Board member of RIT Capital Partners (investment <br> firm).<br>| 206 |
| Sarah Bloom Raskin<br> (1961)<br>| Trustee | January 2018 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Deputy secretary (2014–2017) of the United States <br> Department of the Treasury. Governor (2010–2014) of <br> the Federal Reserve Board. Commissioner <br> (2007–2010) of financial regulation for the State of <br> Maryland. Colin W. Brown Distinguished Professor of <br> the Practice, Duke Law School (2021–present); <br> Rubenstein Fellow, Duke University (2017–2020); <br> Distinguished Fellow of the Global Financial Markets <br> Center, Duke Law School (2020–2022); and Senior <br> Fellow, Duke Center on Risk (2020–present). Partner of <br> Kaya Corporation Ltd. (climate policy advisory <br> services). Member of the board of directors of Arcadia <br> Corporation (energy solution technology).<br>| 206 |
| David Thomas<br> (1956)<br>| Trustee | July 2021 | &nbsp;&nbsp; President of Morehouse College (2018–present). <br> Professor of Business Administration Emeritus at <br> Harvard University (2017–2018) and Dean (2011–2016) <br> and Professor of Management at Georgetown <br> University, McDonough School of Business <br> (2016–2017). Director of DTE Energy Company. <br> Trustee of Common Fund.<br>| 206 |
| Peter F. Volanakis<br> (1955)<br>| Trustee | July 2009 | &nbsp;&nbsp; President and chief operating officer (retired 2010) of <br> Corning Incorporated (communications equipment) <br> and director of Corning Incorporated (2000–2010) and <br> Dow Corning (2001–2010). Director (2012) of SPX <br> Corporation (multi-industry manufacturing). Overseer <br> of the Amos Tuck School of Business Administration, <br> Dartmouth College (2001–2013). Member of the BMW <br> Group Mobility Council.<br>| 206 |
| **Executive Officers** |  |  |  |  |
| Jacqueline Angell<br> (1974)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Chief <br> Compliance <br> Officer<br>| November 2022 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Principal of Vanguard. Chief compliance officer <br> (November 2022–present) of Vanguard and of each of <br> the investment companies served by Vanguard. Chief <br> compliance officer (2018–2022) and deputy chief <br> compliance officer (2017–2019) of State Street.<br>| 206  |

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**B-41**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name, Year of Birth** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Position(s)**<br> **Held With** <br> **Funds**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Vanguard** <br> **Funds' Trustee/** <br> **Officer Since**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Principal Occupation(s)** <br> **During the Past Five Years,** <br> **Outside Directorships,**<br> **and Other Experience**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Number of** <br> **Vanguard Funds** <br> **Overseen by** <br> **Trustee/Officer**<br>|
| Christine M. Buchanan<br> (1970)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Chief Financial <br> Officer<br>| November 2017 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Principal of Vanguard. Chief financial officer <br> (2021–present) and treasurer (2017–2021) of each of <br> the investment companies served by Vanguard. <br> Partner (2005–2017) at KPMG (audit, tax, and advisory <br> services).<br>| 206 |
| John Galloway<br> (1973)<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; Investment <br> Stewardship <br> Officer<br>| September 2020 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Principal of Vanguard. Investment stewardship officer <br> (2020–present) of each of the investment companies <br> served by Vanguard. Head of Investor Advocacy <br> (2020–present) and head of Marketing Strategy and <br> Planning (2017–2020) at Vanguard. Special Assistant to <br> the President of the United States (2015).<br>| 206 |
| Ashley Grim<br> (1984)<br>| Treasurer | February 2022 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Treasurer (February 2022–present) of each of the <br> investment companies served by Vanguard. Fund <br> transfer agent controller (2019–2022) and director of <br> Audit Services (2017–2019) at Vanguard. Senior <br> manager (2015–2017) at PriceWaterhouseCoopers <br> (audit and assurance, consulting, and tax services).<br>| 206 |
| Peter Mahoney<br> (1974)<br>| Controller | May 2015 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Principal of Vanguard. Controller (2015–present) of <br> each of the investment companies served by <br> Vanguard. Head of International Fund Services (2008– <br> 2014) at Vanguard.<br>| 206 |
| Anne E. Robinson<br> (1970)<br>| Secretary | September 2016 | &nbsp;&nbsp; General counsel (2016–present) of Vanguard. <br> Secretary (2016–present) of Vanguard and of each of <br> the investment companies served by Vanguard. <br> Managing director (2016–present) of Vanguard. <br> Managing director and general counsel of Global Cards <br> and Consumer Services (2014–2016) at Citigroup. <br> Counsel (2003–2014) at American Express. <br> Non-executive director of the board of National Grid <br> (energy).<br>| 206 |
| Michael Rollings<br> (1963)<br>| Finance Director | February 2017 | &nbsp;&nbsp; Finance director (2017–present) and treasurer (2017) <br> of each of the investment companies served by <br> Vanguard. Managing director (2016–present) of <br> Vanguard. Chief financial officer (2016–present) of <br> Vanguard. Director (2016–present) of Vanguard <br> Marketing Corporation. Executive vice president and <br> chief financial officer (2006–2016) of MassMutual <br> Financial Group.<br>| 206 |

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All but one of the trustees are independent. The independent trustees designate a lead independent trustee. The lead independent trustee is a spokesperson and principal point of contact for the independent trustees and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the independent trustees, including calling regular executive sessions of the independent trustees; developing the agenda of each meeting together with the chairman; and chairing the meetings of the independent trustees. The lead independent trustee also chairs the meetings of the audit, compensation, and nominating committees. The board also has two investment committees, which consist of independent trustees and the sole interested trustee.

The independent trustees appoint the chairman of the board. The roles of chairman of the board and chief executive officer currently are held by the same person; as a result, the chairman of the board is an "interested" trustee. The independent trustees generally believe that the Vanguard funds' chief executive officer is best qualified to serve as chairman and that fund shareholders benefit from this leadership structure through accountability and strong day-to-day leadership.

Board Committees: The Trust's board has the following committees:

◾ Audit Committee: This committee oversees the accounting and financial reporting policies, the systems of internal controls, and the independent audits of each fund. The following independent trustees serve as members of the committee: Mr. Loughrey, Mr. Loughridge, Ms. Raskin, and Mr. Volanakis. The committee held six meetings during the Trust's fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

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◾ Compensation Committee: This committee oversees the compensation programs established by each fund for the benefit of its trustees. All independent trustees serve as members of the committee. The committee held two meetings during the Trust's fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

◾ Investment Committees: These committees assist the board in its oversight of investment advisors to the funds and in the review and evaluation of materials relating to the board's consideration of investment advisory agreements with the funds. Each trustee serves on one of two investment committees. Each investment committee held four meetings during the Trust's fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

◾ Nominating Committee: This committee nominates candidates for election to the board of trustees of each fund. The committee also has the authority to recommend the removal of any trustee. All independent trustees serve as members of the committee. The committee held five meetings during the Trust's fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

The Nominating Committee will consider shareholder recommendations for trustee nominees. Shareholders may send recommendations to Mr. Loughridge, chairman of the committee.

Trustees retire in accordance with the funds' governing documents and policies, and typically by age 75.

**Trustee Compensation** 

The same individuals serve as trustees of all Vanguard funds and each fund pays a proportionate share of the trustees' compensation. Vanguard funds also employ their officers on a shared basis; however, officers are compensated by Vanguard, not the funds. The trustees and officers of Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds and Vanguard STAR Fund will receive no remuneration directly from the Funds. However, the Funds' underlying funds pay their proportionate share of the trustees' compensation and the officers' salaries and benefits.

***Independent Trustees.*** The funds compensate their independent trustees (i.e., the ones who are not also officers of the funds) in two ways:

◾ The independent trustees receive an annual fee for their service to the funds, which is subject to reduction based on absences from scheduled board meetings.

◾ The independent trustees are reimbursed for the travel and other expenses that they incur in attending board meetings.

***"Interested" Trustee.*** Mr. Buckley serves as a trustee, but is not paid in this capacity. He is, however, paid in his role as an officer of Vanguard.

***Compensation Table.*** The following table provides compensation details for each of the trustees. We list the amounts paid as compensation by the Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund for each trustee. In addition, the table shows the total amount of compensation paid to each trustee by all Vanguard funds.

**VANGUARD TOTAL INTERNATIONAL STOCK INDEX FUND**

**TRUSTEES' COMPENSATION TABLE** 

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Trustee** | **Aggregate**<br> **Compensation From**<br> **the Funds**<sup>1</sup><br>| **Total Compensation**<br> **From All Vanguard**<br> **Funds Paid to Trustees**<sup>2</sup> <br>|
| Mortimer J. Buckley |  |  |
| Tara Bunch<sup>3</sup> | $13675 | $330000 |
| Emerson U. Fullwood | 13675 | 330000 |
| Amy Gutmann<sup>4</sup> <br>| 2279 |  |
| F. Joseph Loughrey | 14503 | 350000 |
| Mark Loughridge | 16575 | 400000 |
| Scott C. Malpass | 13675 | 330000 |
| Deanna Mulligan | 13675 | 330000 |
| André F. Perold | 13675 | 330000 |
| Sarah Bloom Raskin | 14503 | 350000 |
| David A. Thomas | 13675 | 330000 |
| Peter F. Volanakis | 14503 | 350000 |

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The amounts shown in this column are based on the Fund's fiscal year ended October 31, 2022. Each Fund within the Trust is responsible for a proportionate share of these amounts.

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The amounts reported in this column reflect the total compensation paid to each trustee for his or her service as trustee of 206 Vanguard funds for the 2022 calendar year.

Ms. Bunch became a member of the Funds' board effective November 2021.

Ms. Gutmann retired from service effective February 2022.

**Ownership of Fund Shares** 

All current trustees allocate their investments among the various Vanguard funds based on their own investment needs. The following table shows each trustee's ownership of shares of each Fund and of all Vanguard funds served by the trustee as of December 31, 2022.

**VANGUARD STAR FUNDS** 

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **Trustee** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Dollar Range of**<br> **Fund Shares**<br> **Owned by Trustee**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Aggregate Dollar Range**<br> **of Vanguard Fund Shares**<br> **Owned by Trustee**<br>|
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund | Mortimer J. Buckley |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Tara Bunch |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Emerson U. Fullwood |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | F. Joseph Loughrey |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Mark Loughridge |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Scott C. Malpass |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Deanna Marie Mulligan |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | André F. Perold |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Sarah Bloom Raskin |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | David A. Thomas |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Peter F. Volanakis |  | Over $100,000 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund | Mortimer J. Buckley |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Tara Bunch |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Emerson U. Fullwood |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | F. Joseph Loughrey |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Mark Loughridge |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Scott C. Malpass |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Deanna Marie Mulligan |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | André F. Perold |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Sarah Bloom Raskin |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | David A. Thomas |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Peter F. Volanakis |  | Over $100,000 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund | Mortimer J. Buckley |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Tara Bunch |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Emerson U. Fullwood |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | F. Joseph Loughrey |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Mark Loughridge |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Scott C. Malpass |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Deanna Marie Mulligan |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | André F. Perold |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Sarah Bloom Raskin |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | David A. Thomas |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Peter F. Volanakis |  | Over $100,000 |

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **Trustee** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Dollar Range of**<br> **Fund Shares**<br> **Owned by Trustee**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; **Aggregate Dollar Range**<br> **of Vanguard Fund Shares**<br> **Owned by Trustee**<br>|
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund | Mortimer J. Buckley |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Tara Bunch |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Emerson U. Fullwood |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | F. Joseph Loughrey |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Mark Loughridge |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Scott C. Malpass |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Deanna Marie Mulligan |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | André F. Perold |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Sarah Bloom Raskin |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | David A. Thomas |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Peter F. Volanakis |  | Over $100,000 |
| Vanguard STAR Fund | Mortimer J. Buckley |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Tara Bunch |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Emerson U. Fullwood |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | F. Joseph Loughrey |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Mark Loughridge |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Scott C. Malpass |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Deanna Marie Mulligan |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | André F. Perold |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Sarah Bloom Raskin |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | David A. Thomas |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Peter F. Volanakis |  | Over $100,000 |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | Mortimer J. Buckley |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Tara Bunch |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Emerson U. Fullwood |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | F. Joseph Loughrey | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 |
|  | Mark Loughridge | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 |
|  | Scott C. Malpass | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 |
|  | Deanna Marie Mulligan | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 |
|  | André F. Perold |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Sarah Bloom Raskin |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | David A. Thomas |  | Over $100,000 |
|  | Peter F. Volanakis | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 |

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As of January 31, 2023, the trustees and officers of the funds owned, in the aggregate, less than 1% of each class of each fund's outstanding shares.

As of January 31, 2023, the following owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class (Other than ETF Shares):

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **Share Class** | **Owner and Address** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Percentage**<br> **of Ownership**<br>|
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund | Investor Shares | &nbsp;&nbsp; CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SAN <br> FRANCISCO, CA<br>| 5.51% |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund | Investor Shares | &nbsp;&nbsp; CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SAN <br> FRANCISCO, CA<br>| 5.19%  |

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**B-45**

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **Share Class** | **Owner and Address** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Percentage**<br> **of Ownership**<br>|
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | Institutional Select Shares | &nbsp;&nbsp; COLLEGE SAVINGS PLAN OF NEVADA <br> AGGRESSIVE GROWTH PORTFOLIO <br> 04509 BOSTON, MA<br>| 5.56% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; COLLEGE SAVINGS PLAN OF NEVADA <br> TOTAL INTL STOCK INDEX PORTFOLIO <br> 04520 BOSTON, MA<br>| 8.43% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; NEW YORK COLLEGE SAVINGS PLAN <br> AGGRESSIVE GROWTH PORTFOLIO <br> 1155 NEWTOWN, MA<br>| 21.61% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; NEW YORK COLLEGE SAVINGS PLAN <br> CONSERVATIVE PORTFOLIO 2031 <br> NEWTOWN, MA<br>| 9.33% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; NEW YORK COLLEGE SAVINGS PLAN <br> GROWTH PORTFOLIO 1150 <br> NEWTOWN, MA<br>| 8.3% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; NEW YORK COLLEGE SAVINGS PLAN <br> MODERATE GROWTH PORTFOLIO <br> 1151 NEWTOWN, MA<br>| 5.78% |
|  | Institutional Shares | &nbsp;&nbsp; CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC SAN <br> FRANCISCO, CA<br>| 6.77% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; FIDELITY INVESTMENTS <br> INSTITUTIONAL OPERATIONS CO INC <br> COVINGTON, KY<br>| 10.02% |
|  |  | TIAA, FSB SAINT LOUIS, MO | 8.35% |
|  | Investor Shares | &nbsp;&nbsp; VANGUARD TARGET RETIREMENT <br> 2025 FUND VALLEY FORGE, PA<br>| 10.09% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; VANGUARD TARGET RETIREMENT <br> 2030 FUND VALLEY FORGE, PA<br>| 12.6% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; VANGUARD TARGET RETIREMENT <br> 2035 FUND VALLEY FORGE, PA<br>| 13.75% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; VANGUARD TARGET RETIREMENT <br> 2040 FUND VALLEY FORGE, PA<br>| 13.03% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; VANGUARD TARGET RETIREMENT <br> 2045 FUND VALLEY FORGE, PA<br>| 13.25% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; VANGUARD TARGET RETIREMENT <br> 2050 FUND VALLEY FORGE, PA<br>| 11.13% |
|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; VANGUARD TARGET RETIREMENT <br> 2055 FUND VALLEY FORGE, PA<br>| 6.95% |
|  | Institutional Plus Shares | &nbsp;&nbsp; NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES <br> CORPORATION JERSEY CITY, NJ<br>| 11.33% |

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Although the Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (DTC) participants, as of January 31, 2023, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding ETF Shares of the Fund were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **Owner** | &nbsp;&nbsp; **Percentage**<br> **of Ownership**<br>|
| Vanguard Total International Stock ETF | Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. | 8.66% |
|  | National Financial Services, LLC | 6.47% |
|  | Vanguard Marketing Corporation | 60.55%  |

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**B-46**

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**Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures**

**Introduction** 

Vanguard and the boards of trustees of the Vanguard funds (the Boards) have adopted Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures (Policies and Procedures) to govern the disclosure of the portfolio holdings of each Vanguard fund. Vanguard and the Boards considered each of the circumstances under which Vanguard fund portfolio holdings may be disclosed to different categories of persons under the Policies and Procedures. Vanguard and the Boards also considered actual and potential material conflicts that could arise in such circumstances between the interests of Vanguard fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the fund's investment advisor, distributor, or any affiliated person of the fund, its investment advisor, or its distributor, on the other. After giving due consideration to such matters and after the exercise of their fiduciary duties and reasonable business judgment, Vanguard and the Boards determined that the Vanguard funds have a legitimate business purpose for disclosing portfolio holdings to the persons described in each of the circumstances set forth in the Policies and Procedures and that the Policies and Procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that disclosure of portfolio holdings and information about portfolio holdings is in the best interests of fund shareholders and appropriately addresses the potential for material conflicts of interest.

The Boards exercise continuing oversight of the disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings by (1) overseeing the implementation and enforcement of the Policies and Procedures, the Code of Ethics, and the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information (collectively, the portfolio holdings governing policies) by the chief compliance officer of Vanguard and the Vanguard funds; (2) considering reports and recommendations by the chief compliance officer concerning any material compliance matters (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 206(4)-7 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940) that may arise in connection with any portfolio holdings governing policies; and (3) considering whether to approve or ratify any amendment to any portfolio holdings governing policies.

Vanguard and the Boards reserve the right to amend the Policies and Procedures at any time and from time to time without prior notice at their sole discretion. For purposes of the Policies and Procedures, the term "portfolio holdings" means the equity and debt securities (e.g., stocks and bonds) held by a Vanguard fund and does not mean the cash investments, derivatives, and other investment positions (collectively, other investment positions) held by the fund.

**Online Disclosure of Ten Largest Stock Holdings** 

Each actively managed Vanguard fund generally will seek to disclose the fund's ten largest stock portfolio holdings and the percentage of the fund's total assets that each of these holdings represents as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter (quarter-end ten largest stock holdings with weightings) online at *vanguard.com,* in the "Portfolio" section of the fund's Portfolio & Management page, 15 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. Each Vanguard index fund generally will seek to disclose the fund's ten largest stock portfolio holdings and the percentage of the fund's total assets that each of these holdings represents as of the end of the most recent month (month-end ten largest stock holdings with weightings) online at *vanguard.com,* in the "Portfolio" section of the fund's Portfolio & Management page, 15 calendar days after the end of the month. In addition, Vanguard funds generally will seek to disclose the fund's ten largest stock portfolio holdings and the aggregate percentage of the fund's total assets (and, for balanced funds, the aggregate percentage of the fund's equity securities) that these holdings represent as of the end of the most recent month (month-end ten largest stock holdings) online at *vanguard.com,* in the "Portfolio" section of the fund's Portfolio & Management page, 10 business days after the end of the month. Together, the quarter-end and month-end ten largest stock holdings are referred to as the ten largest stock holdings. Online disclosure of the ten largest stock holdings is made to all categories of persons, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, affiliated persons of a Vanguard fund, and all other persons.

**Online Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings** 

Each actively managed Vanguard fund, unless otherwise stated, generally will seek to disclose the fund's complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter online at *vanguard.com* 30 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. Each Vanguard fund relying on Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act generally will seek to disclose complete portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, at the beginning of each business day. These portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, will be disclosed online at *vanguard.com*. In accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, each of the Vanguard money market funds will disclose the fund's complete portfolio holdings as of the last business day of the prior month online at *vanguard.com* no later than the fifth business

**B-47**

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day of the current month. The complete portfolio holdings information for money market funds will remain available online for at least six months after the initial posting. Vanguard Market Neutral Fund and Vanguard Alternative Strategies Fund generally will seek to disclose the Fund's complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter online at *vanguard.com* 60 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. Each Vanguard index fund, other than those Vanguard index funds relying on Rule 6c-11, generally will seek to disclose the fund's complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent month online at *vanguard.com,* in the "Portfolio" section of the fund's Portfolio & Management page, 15 calendar days after the end of the month. Online disclosure of complete portfolio holdings is made to all categories of persons, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, affiliated persons of a Vanguard fund, and all other persons. Vanguard will review complete portfolio holdings before disclosure is made and, except with respect to the complete portfolio holdings of the Vanguard money market funds, may withhold any portion of the fund's complete portfolio holdings from disclosure when deemed to be in the best interests of the fund after consultation with a Vanguard fund's investment advisor.

**Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings to Service Providers Subject to Confidentiality and Trading Restrictions** 

Vanguard, for legitimate business purposes, may disclose Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings at times it deems necessary and appropriate to rating and ranking organizations; financial printers; proxy voting service providers; pricing information vendors; issuers of guaranteed investment contracts for stable value portfolios; third parties that deliver analytical, statistical, or consulting services; and other third parties that provide services (collectively, Service Providers) to Vanguard, Vanguard subsidiaries, and/or the Vanguard funds. Disclosure of complete portfolio holdings to a Service Provider is conditioned on the Service Provider being subject to a written agreement imposing a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information.

The frequency with which complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed to a Service Provider, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed to the Service Provider, is determined based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure to a Service Provider varies and may be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings by Vanguard to a Service Provider must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard's Portfolio Review Department or Office of the General Counsel. Any disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings to a Service Provider as previously described may also include a list of the other investment positions that make up the fund, such as cash investments and derivatives.

Currently, Vanguard discloses complete portfolio holdings to the following Service Providers as part of ongoing arrangements that serve legitimate business purposes: Abel/Noser Corporation; Advisor Software, Inc.; Alcom Printing Group, Inc.; Apple Press, L.C.; Bloomberg L.P.; Brilliant Graphics, Inc.; Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.; Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.; Charles River Systems, Inc.; FactSet Research Systems Inc.; Innovation Printing & Communications; Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.; Intelligencer Printing Company; Investment Technology Group, Inc.; Lipper, Inc.; Markit WSO Corporation; McMunn Associates, Inc.; Reuters America Inc.; R.R. Donnelley, Inc.; State Street Bank and Trust Company; and Trade Informatics LLC.

**Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings to Vanguard Affiliates and Certain Fiduciaries Subject to Confidentiality and Trading Restrictions** 

Vanguard may disclose complete portfolio holdings between and among the following persons (collectively, Affiliates and Fiduciaries) for legitimate business purposes within the scope of their official duties and responsibilities, subject to such persons' continuing legal duty of confidentiality and legal duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information, as such duties are imposed under the Code of Ethics, the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information, by agreement, or under applicable laws, rules, and regulations: (1) persons who are subject to the Code of Ethics or the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information; (2) an investment advisor, distributor, administrator, transfer agent, or custodian to a Vanguard fund; (3) an accounting firm, an auditing firm, or outside legal counsel retained by Vanguard, a Vanguard subsidiary, or a Vanguard fund; (4) an investment advisor to whom complete portfolio holdings are disclosed for due diligence purposes when the advisor is in merger or acquisition talks with a Vanguard fund's current advisor; and (5) a newly hired investment advisor or sub-advisor to whom complete portfolio holdings are disclosed prior to the time it commences its duties.

**B-48**

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The frequency with which complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed between and among Affiliates and Fiduciaries, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed between and among the Affiliates and Fiduciaries, is determined by such Affiliates and Fiduciaries based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure between and among Affiliates and Fiduciaries varies and may be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Any disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings to any Affiliates and Fiduciaries as previously described may also include a list of the other investment positions that make up the fund, such as cash investments and derivatives. Disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard, VMC, or a Vanguard fund to Affiliates and Fiduciaries must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

Currently, Vanguard discloses complete portfolio holdings to the following Affiliates and Fiduciaries as part of ongoing arrangements that serve legitimate business purposes: Vanguard and each investment advisor, custodian, and independent registered public accounting firm identified in each fund's Statement of Additional Information.

**Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings to Trading Counterparties in the Normal Course of Managing a Fund's Assets** 

An investment advisor, administrator, or custodian for a Vanguard fund may, for legitimate business purposes within the scope of its official duties and responsibilities, disclose portfolio holdings (whether partial portfolio holdings or complete portfolio holdings) and other investment positions that make up the fund to any trading counterparty, including one or more broker-dealers or banks, during the course of, or in connection with, normal day-to-day securities and derivatives transactions with or through such trading counterparties subject to the counterparty's legal obligation not to use or disclose material nonpublic information concerning the fund's portfolio holdings, other investment positions, securities transactions, or derivatives transactions without the consent of the fund or its agents. The Vanguard funds have not given their consent to any such use or disclosure and no person or agent of Vanguard is authorized to give such consent except as approved in writing by the Boards of the Vanguard funds. Disclosure of portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard to broker-dealers must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

In addition to the disclosures described below to Authorized Participants, a Vanguard fund investment advisor or administrator may also disclose portfolio holdings information to other current or prospective fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units (as defined below) or other large transactions with a Vanguard fund. Such shareholders are typically Authorized Participants or other financial institutions that have been authorized by VMC to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares (Creation Units), but may also include market makers and other institutional market participants and entities to whom a Vanguard fund advisor or administrator may provide information in connection with transactions in a Vanguard fund.

**Disclosure of Nonmaterial Information** 

The Policies and Procedures permit Vanguard fund officers, Vanguard fund portfolio managers, and other Vanguard representatives (collectively, Approved Vanguard Representatives) to disclose any views, opinions, judgments, advice, or commentary, or any analytical, statistical, performance, or other information, in connection with or relating to a Vanguard fund or its portfolio holdings and/or other investment positions (collectively, commentary and analysis) or any changes in the portfolio holdings of a Vanguard fund that occurred after the end of the most recent calendar quarter (recent portfolio changes) to any person if (1) such disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose, (2) such disclosure does not effectively result in the disclosure of the complete portfolio holdings of any Vanguard fund (which can be disclosed only in accordance with the Policies and Procedures), and (3) such information does not constitute material nonpublic information. Disclosure of commentary and analysis or recent portfolio changes by Vanguard, VMC, or a Vanguard fund must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

An Approved Vanguard Representative must make a good faith determination whether the information constitutes material nonpublic information, which involves an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. Vanguard believes that in most cases recent portfolio changes that involve a few or even several securities in a diversified portfolio or commentary and analysis would be immaterial and would not convey any advantage to a recipient in making an investment decision concerning a Vanguard fund. Nonexclusive examples of commentary and analysis about a Vanguard fund include (1) the allocation of the fund's portfolio holdings and other investment positions among various asset classes, sectors, industries, and countries; (2) the characteristics of the stock and bond components of the fund's

**B-49**

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portfolio holdings and other investment positions; (3) the attribution of fund returns by asset class, sector, industry, and country; and (4) the volatility characteristics of the fund. Approved Vanguard Representatives may, at their sole discretion, deny any request for information made by any person, and may do so for any reason or for no reason. Approved Vanguard Representatives include, for purposes of the Policies and Procedures, persons employed by or associated with Vanguard or a subsidiary of Vanguard who have been authorized by Vanguard's Portfolio Review Department to disclose recent portfolio changes and/or commentary and analysis in accordance with the Policies and Procedures.

**Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings, Including Other Investment Positions, in Accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Exemptive Orders and Rule 6c-11** 

Vanguard's Enterprise Financial Services unit may disclose to the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), Authorized Participants, and other market makers the daily portfolio composition files (PCFs) that identify a basket of specified securities that may overlap with the actual or expected portfolio holdings of the Vanguard funds that offer a class of shares known as Vanguard ETF Shares (ETF Funds). Each Vanguard fund relying on Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act generally will seek to disclose complete portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, at the beginning of each business day. These portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, will be disclosed online at *vanguard.com* in the "Portfolio" section of a fund's Portfolio & Management page. The disclosure of PCFs and portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, will be in accordance with the terms and conditions of related exemptive orders (Vanguard ETF Exemptive Orders) issued by the SEC or Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act, as described in this section.

Unlike the conventional classes of shares issued by ETF Funds, the ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Each ETF Fund issues and redeems ETF Shares in large blocks, known as "Creation Units." To purchase or redeem a Creation Unit, an investor must be an "Authorized Participant" or the investor must purchase or redeem through a broker-dealer that is an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant is a participant in the Depository Trust Company (DTC) that has executed a "Participant Agreement" with VMC. Each ETF Fund issues Creation Units in exchange for a "portfolio deposit" consisting of a basket of specified securities (Deposit Securities) and a cash payment (Balancing Amount). Each ETF Fund also redeems Creation Units in kind; an investor who tenders a Creation Unit will receive, as redemption proceeds, a basket of specified securities together with a Balancing Amount.

In connection with the creation and redemption process, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Vanguard ETF Exemptive Orders, Vanguard makes available to the NSCC (a clearing agency registered with the SEC and affiliated with the DTC), for dissemination to NSCC participants on each business day prior to the opening of trading on the listing exchange, a PCF containing a list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security for each ETF Fund. In addition, the listing exchange disseminates (1) continuously throughout the trading day, through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, the market value of an ETF Share; and (2) every 15 seconds throughout the trading day, a calculation of the estimated NAV of an ETF Share (expected to be accurate to within a few basis points). Comparing these two figures allows an investor to determine whether, and to what extent, ETF Shares are selling at a premium or at a discount to NAV. ETF Shares are listed on the exchange and traded on the secondary market in the same manner as other equity securities. The price of ETF Shares trading on the secondary market is based on a current bid/offer market.

In addition to making PCFs available to the NSCC, as previously described, Vanguard's Enterprise Financial Services unit may disclose the PCF for any ETF Fund to any person, or online at *vanguard.com* to all categories of persons, if (1) such disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose and (2) such disclosure does not constitute material nonpublic information. Vanguard's Enterprise Financial Services unit must make a good faith determination whether the PCF for any ETF Fund constitutes material nonpublic information, which involves an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. Vanguard believes that in most cases the PCF for any ETF Fund would be immaterial and would not convey any advantage to the recipient in making an investment decision concerning the ETF Fund, if sufficient time has passed between the date of the PCF and the date on which the PCF is disclosed. Vanguard's Enterprise Financial Services unit may, at its sole discretion, determine whether to deny any request for the PCF for any ETF Fund made by any person, and may do so for any reason or for no reason. Disclosure of a PCF must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard's Enterprise Financial Services unit.

**B-50**

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**Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Related Information to the Issuer of a Security for Legitimate Business Purposes** 

Vanguard, at its sole discretion, may disclose portfolio holdings information concerning a security held by one or more Vanguard funds to the issuer of such security if the issuer presents, to the satisfaction of Vanguard's Enterprise Financial Services unit, convincing evidence that the issuer has a legitimate business purpose for such information. Disclosure of this information to an issuer is conditioned on the issuer being subject to a written agreement imposing a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information. The frequency with which portfolio holdings information concerning a security may be disclosed to the issuer of such security, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed to the issuer, is determined based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure to an issuer cannot be determined in advance of a specific request and will vary based upon the particular facts and circumstances and the legitimate business purposes, but in unusual situations could be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Disclosure of portfolio holdings information concerning a security held by one or more Vanguard funds to the issuer of such security must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard's Portfolio Review Department or Office of the General Counsel.

**Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings as Required by Applicable Law** 

Vanguard fund portfolio holdings (whether partial portfolio holdings or complete portfolio holdings) and other investment positions that make up a fund shall be disclosed to any person as required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Examples of such required disclosure include, but are not limited to, disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings (1) in a filing or submission with the SEC or another regulatory body, (2) in connection with seeking recovery on defaulted bonds in a federal bankruptcy case, (3) in connection with a lawsuit, or (4) as required by court order. Disclosure of portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard, VMC, or a Vanguard fund as required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

**Prohibitions on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings** 

No person is authorized to disclose Vanguard fund portfolio holdings or other investment positions (whether online at *vanguard.com*, in writing, by fax, by email, orally, or by other means) except in accordance with the Policies and Procedures. In addition, no person is authorized to make disclosure pursuant to the Policies and Procedures if such disclosure is otherwise unlawful under the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act). Furthermore, Vanguard's management, at its sole discretion, may determine not to disclose portfolio holdings or other investment positions that make up a Vanguard fund to any person who would otherwise be eligible to receive such information under the Policies and Procedures, or may determine to make such disclosures publicly as provided by the Policies and Procedures.

**Prohibitions on Receipt of Compensation or Other Consideration** 

The Policies and Procedures prohibit a Vanguard fund, its investment advisor, and any other person or entity from paying or receiving any compensation or other consideration of any type for the purpose of obtaining disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings or other investment positions. "Consideration" includes any agreement to maintain assets in the fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the investment advisor or by any affiliated person of the investment advisor.

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**Investment Advisory and Other Services**

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds and Vanguard STAR Fund** 

Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds receive investment advisory services from Vanguard, through its Equity Index Group. Vanguard's Investment Strategy Group establishes and reviews the allocation targets of Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds and determines whether any changes are required to best enable each Fund to achieve its investment objective. The Equity Index Group implements the asset allocation targets and performs other portfolio management functions for Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds. Each Fund is a fund of funds and invests in other Vanguard mutual funds (underlying funds). Vanguard also serves as investment advisor for each of the underlying funds.

Vanguard STAR Fund receives limited investment advisory services from Vanguard, through its Equity Index Group. The allocation of the assets for the STAR Fund among the underlying Vanguard funds is made by officers of the Fund pursuant to instructions of the Fund's board of trustees and in conformity with the Fund's investment objective, strategies, and policies.

The Funds benefit from the investment advisory services provided to the underlying Vanguard funds and, as shareholders of those funds, indirectly bear a proportionate share of those funds' advisory fees and expenses. For more information about the investment advisory services provided to the underlying Vanguard funds, please refer to each fund's Statement of Additional Information.

**1. Other Accounts Managed** 

The following table provides information relating to the other accounts managed by the portfolio managers of the Fund as of the fiscal-year ended October 31, 2022 (unless otherwise noted):

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Portfolio Manager** |  | **No. of** <br> **accounts**<br>| **Total assets** | **No. of accounts with**<br> **performance-based** <br> **fees**<br>| **Total assets in**<br> **accounts with**<br> **performance-based** <br> **fees**<br>|
| Roger A. Aliaga-Diaz<sup>1</sup> | Registered investment companies<sup>2</sup> | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other pooled investment vehicles | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other accounts | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Aurélie Denis<sup>3</sup> | Registered investment companies<sup>4</sup> | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other pooled investment vehicles | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other accounts | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Walter Nejman<sup>5</sup> <br>| Registered investment companies<sup>6</sup> <br>| 44 | $2.36T | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other pooled investment vehicles | 16 | $112B | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other accounts | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Michael R. Roach<sup>7</sup> <br>| Registered investment companies<sup>8</sup> <br>| 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other pooled investment vehicles | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other accounts | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |

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Mr. Aliaga-Diaz began co-managing the Funds on February 17, 2023.

Information provided as of December 21, 2022.

Ms. Denis began co-managing the Funds on February 17, 2023.

Information provided as of December 21, 2022.

Mr. Nejman began co-managing Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds on February 25, 2022.

Includes Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds and Vanguard STAR Fund, which held assets of $70 billion as of October 31, 2022.

Mr. Roach began co-managing the Funds on February 17, 2023.

Information provided as of December 21, 2022.

**2. Material Conflicts of Interest** 

Please refer to Vanguard's discussion on page B-53.

**3. Description of Compensation** 

Please refer to Vanguard's discussion beginning on page B-53.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**4. Ownership of Securities** 

As of October 31, 2022, Mr. Nejman owned shares of Vanguard STAR Fund in the range of $10,001 - $50,000. As of October 31, 2022, Mr. Nejman did not own any shares of Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds. As of December 31, 2022, Mr. Aliaga-Diaz, Ms. Denis, and Mr. Roach did not own shares of any of the Funds they manage.

**Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund** 

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund receives all investment advisory services from Vanguard, through its Equity Index Group. These services are provided by an experienced investment management staff employed directly by Vanguard.

During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, the Fund incurred the following approximate investment advisory expenses:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **2020** | **2021** | **2022** |
| Total International Stock Index Fund | $9346000 | 7780000 | 14322000 |

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**1. Other Accounts Managed** 

The following table provides information relating to the other accounts managed by the portfolio managers of the Fund as of the fiscal-year ended October 31, 2022 (unless otherwise noted):

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Portfolio Manager** |  | **No. of** <br> **accounts**<br>| **Total assets** | **No. of accounts with**<br> **performance-based** <br> **fees**<br>| **Total assets in**<br> **accounts with**<br> **performance-based** <br> **fees**<br>|
| Michael Perre | Registered investment companies<sup>1</sup> | 8 | $565B | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other pooled investment vehicles | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other accounts | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |
| Christine Franquin | Registered investment companies<sup>1</sup> | 6 <br>| $548B | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other pooled investment vehicles | 19 <br>| $32B | 0 | $0 |
|  | Other accounts | 0 | $0 | 0 | $0 |

---

Includes Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, which held assets of $319 billion as of October 31, 2022.

**2. Material Conflicts of Interest** 

At Vanguard, individual portfolio managers may manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition to mutual funds, these accounts may include separate accounts, collective trusts, or offshore funds. Managing multiple funds or accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest including, for example, conflicts among investment strategies and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities. Vanguard manages potential conflicts between funds or accounts through allocation policies and procedures, internal review processes, and oversight by trustees and independent third parties. Vanguard has developed trade allocation procedures and controls to ensure that no one client, regardless of type, is intentionally favored at the expense of another. Allocation policies are designed to address potential conflicts in situations in which two or more funds or accounts participate in investment decisions involving the same securities.

**3. Description of Compensation** 

All Vanguard portfolio managers are Vanguard employees. This section describes the compensation of the Vanguard employees who manage Vanguard mutual funds. As of October 31, 2022, a Vanguard portfolio manager's compensation generally consists of base salary, bonus, and payments under Vanguard's long-term incentive compensation program. In addition, portfolio managers are eligible for the standard retirement benefits and health and welfare benefits available to all Vanguard employees. Also, certain portfolio managers may be eligible for additional retirement benefits under several supplemental retirement plans that Vanguard adopted in the 1980s to restore dollar-for-dollar the benefits of management employees that had been cut back solely as a result of tax law changes. These plans are structured to provide the same retirement benefits as the standard retirement plans.

In the case of portfolio managers responsible for managing multiple Vanguard funds or accounts, the method used to determine their compensation is the same for all funds and investment accounts. A portfolio manager's base salary is

**B-53**

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determined by the manager's experience and performance in the role, taking into account the ongoing compensation benchmark analyses performed by Vanguard's Human Resources Department. A portfolio manager's base salary is generally a fixed amount that may change as a result of an annual review, upon assumption of new duties, or when a market adjustment of the position occurs.

A portfolio manager's bonus is determined by a number of factors. For portfolio managers from Vanguard's Equity Index Group, one factor is gross, pre-tax performance of a fund relative to expectations for how the fund should have performed, given the fund's investment objective, policies, strategies, and limitations, and the market environment during the measurement period. This performance factor is not based on the amount of assets held in any individual fund's portfolio. For Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund and Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds, the performance factor depends on how closely the portfolio manager in the Equity Index Group tracks the Fund's benchmark index over a one-year period. An additional factor for portfolio managers in the Equity Index Group is the portfolio manager's contributions to the investment management functions within the sub-asset class. For portfolio managers in the Equity Index Group and Investment Strategy Group, factors include the portfolio manager's overall contributions to the strategic planning and decisions for the investment group, contributions to the development of other investment professionals and supporting staff, and in the case of the Investment Strategy Group only, contributions to long term-term investor outcomes. The target bonus is expressed as a percentage of base salary. The actual bonus paid may be more or less than the target bonus, based on how well the manager satisfies applicable objectives as previously described. The bonus is paid on an annual basis.

Under the long-term incentive compensation program, all full-time employees receive a payment from Vanguard's long-term incentive compensation plan based on their years of service, job level, and, if applicable, management responsibilities. Each year, Vanguard's independent directors determine the amount of the long-term incentive compensation award for that year based on the investment performance of the Vanguard funds relative to competitors and Vanguard's operating efficiencies in providing services to the Vanguard funds.

**4. Ownership of Securities** 

As of October 31, 2022, Ms. Franquin owned shares of the Total International Stock Index Fund in the $100,001- $500,000 range. As of October 31, 2022, Mr. Perre did not own any shares of the Total International Stock Index Fund.

**Duration and Termination of Investment Advisory Agreement** 

Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund and Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds pursuant to the terms of the Fifth Amended and Restated Funds' Service Agreement. This agreement will continue in full force and effect until terminated or amended by mutual agreement of the Vanguard funds and Vanguard.

**Securities Lending** 

The following table describes the securities lending activities of Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022. Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds and Vanguard STAR Fund did not lend their securities during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **Securities Lending Activities** |
| **Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund** |  |
| *Gross income from securities lending activities* | $147149948 |
| Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split | $8865191 |
| Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash <br> collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split<br>| $261435 |
| Administrative fees not included in revenue split | $145491 |
| Indemnification fee not included in revenue split | $0 |
| Rebate (paid to borrower) | $18220800 |
| Other fees not included in revenue split (specify) | $0 |
| Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities | $27492917 |
| *Net income from securities lending activities* | **$119657031** |

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The services provided by Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. and Vanguard, each acting separately as securities lending agents for certain Vanguard funds, include coordinating the selection of securities to be loaned to approved borrowers;

**B-54**

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negotiating the terms of the loan; monitoring the value of the securities loaned and corresponding collateral, marking to market daily; coordinating the investment of cash collateral in the funds' approved cash collateral reinvestment vehicle; monitoring dividends and coordinating material proxy votes relating to loaned securities; and transferring, recalling, and arranging the return of loaned securities to the funds upon termination of the loan.

**Portfolio Transactions**

The advisor decides which securities to buy and sell on behalf of the Total International Stock Index Fund and then selects the brokers or dealers that will execute the trades on an agency basis or the dealers with whom the trades will be effected on a principal basis. For each trade, the advisor must select a broker-dealer that it believes will provide "best execution." Best execution does not necessarily mean paying the lowest spread or commission rate available. In seeking best execution, the SEC has said that an advisor should consider the full range of a broker-dealer's services. The factors considered by the advisor in seeking best execution include, but are not limited to, the broker-dealer's execution capability, clearance and settlement services, commission rate, trading expertise, willingness and ability to commit capital, ability to provide anonymity, financial responsibility, reputation and integrity, responsiveness, access to underwritten offerings and secondary markets, and access to company management, as well as the value of any research provided by the broker-dealer. In assessing which broker-dealer can provide best execution for a particular trade, the advisor also may consider the timing and size of the order and available liquidity and current market conditions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, the advisor may select a broker based partly on brokerage or research services provided to the advisor and its clients, including the Fund. The advisor may cause the Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the advisor determines in good faith that the amount of the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of services provided. The advisor also may receive brokerage or research services from broker-dealers that are provided at no charge in recognition of the volume of trades directed to the broker. To the extent research services or products may be a factor in selecting brokers, services and products may include written research reports analyzing performance or securities, discussions with research analysts, meetings with corporate executives to obtain oral reports on company performance, market data, and other products and services that will assist the advisor in its investment decision-making process. The research services provided by brokers through which the Fund effects securities transactions may be used by the advisor in servicing all of its accounts, and some of the services may not be used by the advisor in connection with the Fund.

The LifeStrategy Funds and STAR Fund will purchase and sell conventional shares (i.e., not exchange-traded) of the underlying Vanguard funds by dealing directly with the issuer of the underlying funds. The Funds will incur no brokerage commissions for these transactions. To the extent a LifeStrategy Fund purchases and sells ETF Shares of an underlying fund, the Fund will pay brokerage commissions.

During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022, the Funds paid the following approximate amounts in brokerage commissions. Brokerage commissions paid by a Fund may be substantially different from year to year for multiple reasons, such as cash flows, portfolio turnover, or changes to the stocks that make up a fund's target index.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **2020** | **2021** | **2022** |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund | $15000 | $17000 | $11000 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund | 11000 | 22000 | 17000 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund | 6000 | 8000 | 5000 |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund | 22000 | 28000 | 18000 |
| Vanguard STAR Fund |  |  |  |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | 17974000 | 18531000 | 15599000 |

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Some securities that are considered for investment by a Fund may also be appropriate for other Vanguard funds or for other clients served by the advisor. If such securities are compatible with the investment policies of the Fund and one or more of the advisor's other clients, and are considered for purchase or sale at or about the same time, then transactions in such securities may be aggregated by the advisor, and the purchased securities or sale proceeds may be allocated among the participating Vanguard funds and the other participating clients of the advisor in a manner deemed equitable by the advisor. Although there may be no specified formula for allocating such transactions, the allocation methods used, and the results of such allocations, will be subject to periodic review by the Fund's board of trustees.

**B-55**

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As of October 31, 2022, the Total International Stock Index Fund held securities of its "regular brokers or dealers," as that term is defined in Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vanguard Fund** | **Regular Broker or Dealer (or Parent)** | **Aggregate Holdings** |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | Barclays Capital, Inc. | $365788000 |
|  | CIBC World Markets Corp. | 534425000 |
|  | Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC | 144342000 |
|  | RBC Capital Markets, LLC | 1730297000 |
|  | UBS Securities LLC | 644170000 |

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**Proxy Voting**

**I. Proxy Voting Policies** 

Each Vanguard fund advised by Vanguard retains the authority to vote proxies received with respect to the shares of equity securities held in a portfolio advised by Vanguard. The Board of Trustees of the Vanguard-advised funds (the Board) has adopted proxy voting procedures and guidelines to govern proxy voting for each portfolio retaining proxy voting authority, which are summarized in *Appendix A*.

Vanguard has entered into agreements with various state, federal, and non-U.S. regulators and with certain issuers that limit the amount of shares that the funds may vote at their discretion for particular securities. For these securities, the funds are able to vote a limited portion of the shares at their discretion. Any additional shares generally are voted in the same proportion as votes cast by the issuer's entire shareholder base (i.e., mirror voted), or the fund is not permitted to vote such shares. Further, the Board has adopted policies that will result in certain funds mirror voting a higher proportion of the shares they own in a regulated issuer in order to permit certain other funds (generally advised by managers not affiliated with Vanguard) to mirror vote none, or a lower proportion, of their shares in such regulated issuer.

**II. Securities Lending** 

There may be occasions when Vanguard needs to restrict lending of and/or recall securities that are out on loan in order to vote the full position at a shareholder meeting. For the funds managed by Vanguard, Vanguard has processes to monitor securities on loan and to evaluate any circumstances that may require it to restrict and/or attempt to recall the security based on the criteria set forth in *Appendix A*.

To obtain a free copy of a report that details how the funds voted the proxies relating to the portfolio securities held by the funds for the prior 12-month period ended June 30, log on to *vanguard.com* or visit the SEC's website at *sec.gov*.

**Information About the ETF Share Class**

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund (the ETF Fund) offers and issues an exchange-traded class of shares called ETF Shares. The Fund issues and redeems ETF Shares in large blocks, known as "Creation Units."

To purchase or redeem a Creation Unit, you must be an Authorized Participant or you must transact through a broker that is an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant is a participant in the Depository Trust Company (DTC) that has executed a Participant Agreement with Vanguard Marketing Corporation, the ETF Fund's Distributor (the Distributor). For a current list of Authorized Participants, contact the Distributor.

Investors that are not Authorized Participants must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. As with any stock traded on an exchange through a broker, purchases and sales of ETF Shares will be subject to usual and customary brokerage commissions.

The ETF Fund issues Creation Units in kind in exchange for a basket of securities that are part of—or soon to be part of—its target index (Deposit Securities). The ETF Fund also redeems Creation Units in kind; an investor who tenders a Creation Unit will receive, as redemption proceeds, a basket of securities that are part of the Fund's portfolio holdings (Redemption Securities). The Deposit Securities and Redemption Securities may include American Depository Receipts (ADRs). As part of any creation or redemption transaction, the investor will either pay or receive some cash in addition

**B-56**

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to the securities, as described more fully on the following pages. The ETF Fund reserves the right to issue Creation Units for cash, rather than in kind. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, cash purchases and redemptions will be required for securities traded in Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, India, Kuwait, Malaysia, Pakistan, Peru, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Taiwan, and UAE.

**Exchange Listing and Trading** 

The ETF Shares have been approved for listing on a national securities exchange and will trade on the exchange at market prices that may differ from net asset value (NAV). There can be no assurance that, in the future, ETF Shares will continue to meet all of the exchange's listing requirements. The exchange will institute procedures to delist the Fund's ETF Shares if the Fund's ETF Shares do not continuously comply with the exchange's listing rules. The exchange will also delist the Fund's ETF Shares upon termination of the ETF share class.

The exchange disseminates, through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, an updated "indicative optimized portfolio value" (IOPV) for the ETF Fund as calculated by an information provider. The ETF Fund is not involved with or responsible for the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs, and it makes no warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs. An IOPV for the Fund's ETF Shares is disseminated every 15 seconds during regular exchange trading hours. An IOPV has a securities value component and a cash component. The IOPV is designed as an estimate of the ETF Fund's NAV at a particular point in time, but it is only an estimate and should not be viewed as the actual NAV, which is calculated once each day.

**Conversions and Exchanges** 

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the ETF Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same Fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

Investors that are not Authorized Participants must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, an investor must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm. To initiate a conversion of conventional shares to ETF Shares, an investor must contact his or her broker.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from Vanguard conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit or terminate the conversion privilege.

Converting conventional shares to ETF Shares is generally accomplished as follows. First, after the broker notifies Vanguard of an investor's request to convert, Vanguard will transfer conventional shares from the investor's account with Vanguard to the broker's omnibus account with Vanguard (an account maintained by the broker on behalf of all its customers who hold conventional Vanguard fund shares through the broker). After the transfer, Vanguard's records will reflect the broker, not the investor, as the owner of the shares. Next, the broker will instruct Vanguard to convert the appropriate number or dollar amount of conventional shares in its omnibus account to ETF Shares of equivalent value, based on the respective NAVs of the two share classes. The ETF Fund's transfer agent will reflect ownership of all ETF Shares in the name of the DTC. The DTC will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to the broker, and the broker, in turn, will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to its customers.

Because the DTC is unable to handle fractional shares, only whole shares can be converted. For example, if the investor owned 300.25 conventional shares, and this was equivalent in value to 90.75 ETF Shares, the DTC account would receive 90 ETF Shares. Conventional shares with a value equal to 0.75 ETF Shares (in this example, that would be 2.481 conventional shares) would remain in the broker's omnibus account with Vanguard. The broker then could either (1) take certain internal actions necessary to credit the investor's account with 0.75 ETF Shares or (2) redeem the 2.481 conventional shares for cash at NAV and deliver that cash to the investor's account. If the broker chose to redeem the conventional shares, the investor would realize a gain or loss on the redemption that must be reported on his or her tax return (unless the shares are held in an IRA or other tax-deferred account). An investor should consult his or her broker for information on how the broker will handle the conversion process, including whether the broker will impose a fee to process a conversion.

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The conversion process works differently for investors who opt to hold ETF Shares through an account at Vanguard Brokerage Services. Investors who convert their conventional shares to ETF Shares through Vanguard Brokerage Services will have *all* conventional shares for which they request conversion converted to the equivalent dollar value of ETF Shares. Because no fractional shares will have to be sold, the transaction will not be taxable.

Here are some important points to keep in mind when converting conventional shares of the ETF Fund to ETF Shares:

◾ The conversion process can take anywhere from several days to several weeks, depending on the broker. Vanguard generally will process conversion requests either on the day they are received or on the next business day. Vanguard imposes conversion blackout windows around the dates when the ETF Fund declares dividends. This is necessary to prevent a shareholder from collecting a dividend from both the conventional share class currently held and also from the ETF share class to which the shares will be converted.

◾ During the conversion process, an investor will remain fully invested in the Fund's conventional shares, and the investment will increase or decrease in value in tandem with the NAV of those shares.

◾ The conversion transaction is nontaxable except, if applicable, to the very limited extent previously described.

◾ During the conversion process, an investor will be able to liquidate all or part of an investment by instructing Vanguard or the broker (depending on whether the shares are held in the investor's account or the broker's omnibus account) to redeem the conventional shares. After the conversion process is complete, an investor will be able to liquidate all or part of an investment by instructing the broker to sell the ETF Shares.

**Book Entry Only System** 

ETF Shares issued by the Fund are registered in the name of the DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and are deposited with, or on behalf of, the DTC. The DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (DTC Participants) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of transactions among them through electronic book-entry changes in their accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and certain other organizations. The DTC is a subsidiary of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), which is owned by certain participants of the DTCC's subsidiaries, including the DTC. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (Indirect Participants).

Beneficial ownership of ETF Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in ETF Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as Beneficial Owners) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by the DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from, or through, the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of ETF Shares. The laws of some jurisdictions may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities. Such laws may impair the ability of certain investors to acquire beneficial interests in ETF Shares.

The ETF Fund recognizes the DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all ETF Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of ETF Shares are not entitled to have ETF Shares registered in their names and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of the DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests to exercise any rights of a holder of ETF Shares.

Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. The DTC will make available to each ETF Fund, upon request and for a fee, a listing of the ETF Shares of the Fund held by each DTC Participant. The ETF Fund shall obtain from each DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding ETF Shares, directly or indirectly, through the DTC Participant. The ETF Fund shall provide each DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in form, in number, and at such place as the DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that these communications may be transmitted by the DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to the Beneficial Owners. In addition, the ETF Fund shall pay to each DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

Share distributions shall be made to the DTC or its nominee as the registered holder of all ETF Shares. The DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall immediately credit the DTC Participants' accounts with payments

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in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in ETF Shares of the appropriate ETF Fund as shown on the records of the DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of ETF Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a "street name," and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

The ETF Fund has no responsibility or liability for any aspects of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners; for payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such ETF Shares; for maintenance, supervision, or review of any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests; or for any other aspect of the relationship between the DTC and DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.

The DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to ETF Shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the ETF Fund and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the ETF Fund shall take action either to find a replacement for the DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of ETF Shares, unless the ETF Fund makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the exchange.

**Purchase and Issuance of ETF Shares in Creation Units** 

Except for conversions to ETF Shares from conventional shares, the ETF Fund issues and sells ETF Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load, at its NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form on any business day. The ETF Fund does not issue fractional Creation Units. (Please see "*Conversions and Exchanges*" for the issuance of ETF Shares resulting from a conversion.)

A business day is any day on which the NYSE is open for business. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, the NYSE observes the following U.S. holidays: New Year's Day; Martin Luther King, Jr., Day; Presidents' Day (Washington's Birthday); Good Friday; Memorial Day; Juneteenth National Independence Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Thanksgiving Day; and Christmas Day.

***Fund Deposit.*** The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit from the ETF Fund generally consists of an in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (Deposit Securities) and an amount of cash (Cash Component) consisting of a purchase balancing amount and a transaction fee (both described in the following paragraphs). Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the fund deposit.

The purchase balancing amount is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the market value of the Deposit Securities (Deposit Amount). It ensures that the NAV of a fund deposit (not including the transaction fee) is identical to the NAV of the Creation Unit it is used to purchase. If the purchase balancing amount is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the Deposit Securities), then that amount will be paid by the purchaser to the ETF Fund in cash. If the purchase balancing amount is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the Deposit Securities), then that amount will be paid by the ETF Fund to the purchaser in cash (except as offset by the transaction fee).

Vanguard, through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), makes available after the close of each business day a list of the names and the number of shares of each Deposit Security to be included in the next business day's fund deposit for the ETF Fund (subject to possible amendment or correction). The ETF Fund reserves the right to accept a nonconforming fund deposit.

The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities required for a fund deposit may change from one day to another to reflect rebalancing adjustments and corporate actions or to respond to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities of the relevant target index

In addition, the ETF Fund reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash—referred to as "cash in lieu"—to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. This might occur, for example, if a Deposit Security is not available in sufficient quantity for delivery, is not eligible for transfer through the applicable clearance and settlement system, or is not eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor for which an Authorized Participant is acting. Trading costs incurred by the ETF Fund in connection with the purchase of Deposit Securities with cash-in-lieu amounts will be an expense of the ETF Fund. However, Vanguard may adjust the transaction fee to protect existing shareholders from this expense.

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All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility, and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the ETF Fund, and the ETF Fund's determination shall be final and binding.

***Procedures for Purchasing Creation Units.*** To initiate a purchase order for a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant must submit an order in proper form to the Distributor and such order must be received by the Distributor prior to the closing time of regular trading on the NYSE (Closing Time) (ordinarily 4 p.m., Eastern time) to receive that day's NAV. The date on which an order to purchase (or redeem) Creation Units is placed is referred to as the transmittal date. Authorized Participants must transmit orders using a transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement.

The Distributor shall inform the ETF Fund's custodian of the order. The custodian will then inform the appropriate foreign subcustodians. Each subcustodian shall maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, the relevant Deposit Securities (or the cash value of all or part of such securities, in the case of a permitted or required cash purchase or cash-in-lieu amount), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by Vanguard. Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local subcustodians.

The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the ETF Fund, immediately available or same-day funds estimated by the ETF Fund to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit.

Neither the Trust, the ETF Fund, the Distributor, nor any affiliated party will be liable to an investor who is unable to submit a purchase order by Closing Time, even if the problem is the responsibility of one of those parties (e.g., the Distributor's phone or email systems were not operating properly).

If you are not an Authorized Participant, you must place your purchase order in an acceptable form with an Authorized Participant. The Authorized Participant may request that you make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order (e.g., to provide for payments of cash when required).

An order to purchase Creation Units is deemed received on the transmittal date if (1) such order is received by the ETF Fund's Distributor prior to Closing Time on such transmittal date and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.

Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the ETF Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When each subcustodian has confirmed to the custodian that the required securities included in the fund deposit have been delivered to the account of the relevant subcustodian, and the Cash Component has been delivered to the custodian, the Distributor shall be notified of such delivery, and the ETF Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit.

If a fund deposit is incomplete on the second business day after the trade date (the trade date, known as "T," is the date on which the trade actually takes place; two business days after the trade date is known as "T+2") because of the failed delivery of one or more of the Deposit Securities, the ETF Fund shall be entitled to cancel the purchase order. Alternatively, the ETF Fund may issue Creation Units in reliance on the Authorized Participant's undertaking to deliver the missing Deposit Securities at a later date. Such undertaking shall be secured by the delivery and maintenance of cash collateral in an amount determined by the ETF Fund in accordance with the terms of the Participant Agreement.

***Rejection of Purchase Orders.*** The ETF Fund reserves the absolute right to reject a purchase order. By way of example, and not limitation, the ETF Fund will reject a purchase order if:

◾ The order is not in proper form.

◾ The Deposit Securities delivered are not the same (in name or amount) as the published basket.

◾ Acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the ETF Fund.

◾ Acceptance of the fund deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful.

◾ Acceptance of the fund deposit would otherwise, at the discretion of the ETF Fund or Vanguard, have an adverse effect on the Fund or any of its shareholders.

◾ Circumstances outside the control of the ETF Fund, the Trust, the transfer agent, the custodian, subcustodian(s), the Distributor, and Vanguard make it for all practical purposes impossible to process the order. Examples include, but are not limited to, natural disasters, public service disruptions, or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions, and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy, and computer failures; market conditions or activities

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causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the aforementioned parties as well as the DTC, the NSCC, the Federal Reserve, or any other participant in the purchase process; and similar extraordinary events.

If the purchase order is rejected, the Distributor shall notify the Authorized Participant that submitted the order. The ETF Fund, the Trust, the transfer agent, the custodian, subcustodian(s), the Distributor, and Vanguard are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of a fund deposit, nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.

***Transaction Fee on Purchases of Creation Units.*** The ETF Fund may impose a transaction fee (payable to the Fund) to compensate the ETF Fund for costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The amount of the fee, which may be changed by each ETF Fund from time to time at its sole discretion, is made available daily to Authorized Participants, market makers, and other interested parties through Vanguard's proprietary portal system. When the ETF Fund permits (or requires) a purchaser to substitute cash in lieu of depositing one or more Deposit Securities, the purchaser may be assessed an additional variable charge on the cash-in-lieu portion of the investment. The amount of this charge will be disclosed to investors before they place their orders. The amount will be determined by the ETF Fund at its sole discretion. The maximum transaction fee, including any variable charges, on purchases of Creation Units, including any additional charges as described, shall be 2% of the value of the Creation Units.

The ETF Fund reserves the right to not impose a transaction fee or to vary the amount of the transaction fee imposed, up to the maximum amount listed above. To the extent a creation transaction fee is not charged or does not cover the costs associated with the issuance of the Creation Units, certain costs may be borne by the ETF Fund.

**Redemption of ETF Shares in Creation Units** 

To be eligible to place a redemption order, you must be an Authorized Participant. Investors that are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant in order to redeem a Creation Unit.

ETF Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other transaction costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of ETF Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Redemption requests received on a business day in good order will receive the NAV next determined after the request is made.

Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for the ETF Fund, an investor tendering a Creation Unit generally will receive redemption proceeds consisting of (1) a basket of Redemption Securities; plus (2) a redemption balancing amount in cash equal to the difference between (x) the NAV of the Creation Unit being redeemed, as next determined after receipt of a request in proper form, and (y) the value of the Redemption Securities; less (3) a transaction fee. If the Redemption Securities have a value greater than the NAV of a Creation Unit, the redeeming investor will pay the redemption balancing amount in cash to the ETF Fund, rather than receive such amount from the Fund.

Vanguard, through the NSCC, makes available after the close of each business day a list of the names and the number of shares of each Redemption Security to be included in the next business day's redemption basket for the ETF Fund (subject to possible amendment or correction). The basket of Redemption Securities provided to an investor redeeming a Creation Unit may not be identical to the basket of Deposit Securities required of an investor purchasing a Creation Unit. If the ETF Fund and a redeeming investor mutually agree, the Fund may provide a redeeming investor with a basket of Redemption Securities that differs from the composition of the redemption basket published through the NSCC.

The ETF Fund reserves the right to deliver cash in lieu of any Redemption Security for the same reason it might accept cash in lieu of a Deposit Security, as previously discussed, or if the ETF Fund could not lawfully deliver the security or could not do so without first registering such security under federal or state law.

Neither the Trust, the ETF Fund, the Distributor, nor any affiliated party will be liable to an investor who is unable to submit a redemption order by Closing Time, even if the problem is the responsibility of one of those parties (e.g., the Distributor's phone or email systems were not operating properly).

***Transaction Fee on Redemptions of Creation Units.*** The ETF Fund may impose a transaction fee (payable to the Fund) to compensate the ETF Fund for costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units. The amount of the fee, which may be changed by the ETF Fund from time to time at its sole discretion, is made available daily to Authorized Participants, market makers, and other interested parties through Vanguard's proprietary portal system. An additional

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charge may be imposed for redemptions of Creation Units effected outside the Clearing Process. When the ETF Fund permits (or requires) a redeeming investor to receive cash in lieu of one or more Redemption Securities, the ETF Fund may assess an additional variable charge on the cash portion of the redemption. The amount will vary as determined by the ETF Fund at its sole discretion and is made available daily to Authorized Participants, market makers, and other interested parties through Vanguard's proprietary portal system. The maximum transaction fee, including any variable charges, on redemptions of Creation Units shall be 2% of the value of the Creation Units.

The ETF Fund reserves the right to not impose a transaction fee or to vary the amount of the transaction fee imposed, up to the maximum amount listed above. To the extent a redemption transaction fee is not charged or does not cover the costs associated with the redemption of the Creation Units, certain costs may be borne by the ETF Fund.

***Placement of Redemption Orders.*** Requests to redeem Creation Units must be submitted to the Distributor by or through an Authorized Participant on a business day prior to Closing Time.

An order to redeem a Creation Unit is deemed received on the transmittal date if (1) such order is received by the ETF Fund's Distributor before Closing Time on such transmittal date and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. If a redemption order in proper form is submitted to the designated agent by an Authorized Participant prior to Closing Time on the transmittal date, then the value of the Redemption Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount will be determined by the ETF Fund on such transmittal date.

If on T+2 an Authorized Participant has failed to deliver all of the Vanguard ETF Shares it is seeking to redeem, the ETF Fund shall be entitled to cancel the redemption order. Alternatively, the ETF Fund may deliver to the Authorized Participant the full complement of Redemption Securities and cash in reliance on the Authorized Participant's undertaking to deliver the missing ETF Shares at a later date. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of cash collateral in accordance with collateral procedures that are part of the Participant Agreement. In all cases the ETF Fund shall be entitled to charge the Authorized Participant for any costs (including investment losses, attorney's fees, and interest) incurred by the ETF Fund as a result of the late delivery or failure to deliver.

The ETF Fund reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to require or permit a redeeming investor to receive the redemption proceeds in cash. In such cases, the investor would receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its ETF Shares based on the NAV of those shares next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a transaction fee, including a charge for cash redemptions, as previously discussed).

If an Authorized Participant, or a redeeming investor acting through an Authorized Participant, is subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the basket of Redemption Securities, such investor may be paid an equivalent amount of cash in lieu of the security.

The ETF Fund generally will deliver redemption proceeds within two business days. Because of the schedule of holidays in certain markets, however, the delivery of in-kind redemption proceeds may take longer than two business days. For each market relating to the ETF Fund, the dates where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds are identified under the heading *ETF Shares*: *Foreign Market Information*. The ETF Fund will deliver redemption proceeds within the number of days stated under *ETF Shares*: *Foreign Market Information*.

In connection with taking delivery of shares of Redemption Securities upon redemption of a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant, or a Beneficial Owner redeeming through an Authorized Participant, must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank, or other custody provider in each jurisdiction in which any of the Redemption Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Deposit Securities will be delivered.

If appropriate arrangements to take delivery of the Redemption Securities in the applicable foreign jurisdictions, as required in the preceding paragraph, are not in place, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of the Redemption Securities in such jurisdictions, the ETF Fund may at its discretion effect the redemption in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of the redeemed shares, based on the NAV next calculated after receipt of the redemption request in proper form (minus a transaction fee and an additional variable charge for cash redemptions specified previously, to offset the ETF Fund's transaction costs associated with the disposition of Redemption Securities of the ETF Fund). Redemptions of Creation Units will be subject to compliance with applicable United States federal and state securities laws and the ETF Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the ETF Fund could not lawfully deliver specific Redemption Securities or could not do so without first registering such securities under federal or state law.

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If cash redemptions are permitted or required by the ETF Fund, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed under *ETF Shares*: *Foreign Market Information* hereto where more than seven calendar days may be needed).

To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant's agreement with the Distributor, in the event the Authorized Participant that has submitted a redemption request in proper form is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the ETF Fund prior to Closing Time on the business day of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor will nonetheless accept the redemption in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing ETF Shares as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash having a value at least equal to 103% of the value of the missing ETF Shares in accordance with the ETF Fund's then-effective procedures. In all cases the ETF Fund shall be entitled to charge the redeeming investor for any costs (including investment losses, attorney's fees, and interest) sustained by the ETF Fund as a result of the late delivery or failure to deliver.

Because the Redemption Securities of the ETF Fund may trade on the relevant exchange(s) on days that the exchange is closed, stockholders may not be able to redeem their shares of the ETF Fund, or to purchase or sell ETF Shares on the exchange, on days when the NAVs of the ETF Fund could be significantly affected by events in the relevant foreign markets.

***Suspension of Redemption Rights.*** The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the ETF Fund (1) for any period during which the NYSE or listing exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings), (2) for any period during which trading on the NYSE or listing exchange is suspended or restricted, (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Fund's portfolio securities or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable, or (4) in such other circumstances as the SEC permits.

**Precautionary Notes**

**A precautionary note to ETF investors:** The DTC or its nominee will be the registered owner of all outstanding ETF Shares. Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the DTC and the DTC Participant broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for distributing income and capital gains distributions and for ensuring that you receive shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.

You should also be aware that investments in ETF Shares may be subject to certain risks relating to having large shareholders. To the extent that a large number of the Fund's ETF Shares are held by a large shareholder (e.g., an institutional investor, an investment advisor or an affiliate of an investment advisor, an authorized participant, a lead market maker, or another entity), a large redemption by such a shareholder could result in an increase in the ETF's expense ratio, cause the ETF to incur higher transaction costs, cause the ETF to fail to comply with applicable listing standards of the listing exchange upon which it is listed, lead to the realization of taxable capital gains, or cause the remaining shareholders to receive distributions representing a disproportionate share of the ETF's ordinary income and long-term capital gains. In addition, transactions by large shareholders may account for a large percentage of the trading volume on an exchange and may, therefore, have a material upward or downward effect on the market price of the ETF Shares.

**A precautionary note to purchasers of Creation Units:** You should be aware of certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from the issuing fund.

Because new ETF Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a "distribution" of ETF Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that you perform as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in your being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render you a statutory underwriter and subject you to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act). For example, you could be deemed a statutory underwriter if you purchase Creation Units from the issuing fund, break them down into the constituent ETF Shares, and sell those shares directly to customers or if you choose to couple the creation of a supply

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of new ETF Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for ETF Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person's activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.

Dealers who are not "underwriters" but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with ETF Shares as part of an "unsold allotment" within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the 1933 Act.

**A precautionary note to shareholders redeeming Creation Units**: An Authorized Participant that is not a "qualified institutional buyer" as defined in Rule 144A under the 1933 Act will not be able to receive, as part of the redemption basket, restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A.

**A precautionary note to investment companies:** Vanguard ETF Shares are issued by registered investment companies, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits investments in Vanguard ETF Shares beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to the conditions of Rule 12d1-4, as described under the heading "*Other Investment Companies*."

**ETF Shares: Foreign Market Information**

The security settlement cycles and local market holiday schedules in foreign markets, as well as unscheduled foreign market closings, may result in the delivery of redemption proceeds (either in kind or in cash) more than seven days after receipt of a redemption request in proper form. Below are the dates of regular holidays affecting the relevant markets in which the ETF Fund invests and the dates on which, if a redemption request is submitted, the settlement period in a given market will exceed seven days. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as "informal holidays," the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.

***Regular Holidays.*** The calendar year 2023 local market holidays are as follows:

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Country** | **JAN** | **FEB** | **MAR** | **APR** | **MAY** | **JUN** | **JUL** | **AUG** | **SEP** | **OCT** | **NOV** | **DEC** |
| Albania | 2 |  | 14, 22 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 10, 17, <br> 21<br>| 1 | 28 |  |  | 5 |  | 28, 29 | 8, 25 |
| Argentina |  | 20, 21 | 24 | 6, 7 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 25, <br> 26<br>| 19, 20 |  | 21 |  | 13, 16 | 20 | 8, 25 |
| Australia | 2, 26 |  | 6, 13 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 11, 25<br>| 1, 29 | 5, 12 |  | 7, 16 | 25 | 2 | 7 | 25, 26 |
| Austria |  |  |  | 7, 10 | 1, 29 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  | 25, 26 |
| Bahrain\*\* | 1 |  |  | 23 | 1 | 28, 29 | 19, 27 |  | 27 |  |  | 17 |
| Bangladesh\*\* |  | 21 | 8, 26 | 19, 23 | 1, 4 | 28, 29 |  | 15 | 6, 28 | 24 |  | 25, 31 |
| Belgium |  |  |  | 7, 10 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Benin |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 10, 19, <br> 21<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 18, <br> 29<br>| 29 |  | 7, 15 | 27 |  | 1, 15 | 25 |
| Bermuda | 2 |  |  | 7 | 26 | 19 |  | 3, 4 | 4 |  | 13 | 25, 26 |
| Bosnia and <br> Herzegovina, Fed. of<br>| 2, 3 |  | 1 | 10, 21 | 1, 2 | 28 |  |  |  |  |  | 25 |
| Botswana | 2, 3 |  |  | 7, 10 | 1, 18 |  | 17, 18 |  |  | 2 |  | 25, 26 |
| Brazil |  | 20-22 |  | 7, 21 |  | 8 |  |  | 7 | 12 | 2, 15 | 29 |
| Bulgaria | 2 |  | 3 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 14, 17<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 8, <br> 24<br>|  |  |  | 6, 22 |  |  | 25-27 |
| Burkina Faso |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 10, 19, <br> 21<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 18, <br> 29<br>| 29 |  | 7, 15 | 27 |  | 1, 15 | 25 |
| Canada | 2, 3 | 20 |  | 7 | 22 | 26 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 2, 9 | 13 | 25, 26 |
| Chile | 2 |  |  | 7 | 1 | 21, 26 |  | 15 | 18, 19 | 9, 27 | 1 | 8, 25 |
| China | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2,<br> 23-27<br>|  |  | 5 | 1-3 | 22, 23 |  |  | 29 | 2-6 |  |  |

---

**B-64**

------

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Country** | **JAN** | **FEB** | **MAR** | **APR** | **MAY** | **JUN** | **JUL** | **AUG** | **SEP** | **OCT** | **NOV** | **DEC** |
| China Connect - Bond <br> Connect<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 2,<br> 23-27<br>|  |  | 5-7, 10 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1-3, <br> 25, 26<br>| 22, 23 |  |  | 29 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2-6, <br> 20, 23<br>|  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 22, 25, <br> 26<br>|
| China Connect - Stock <br> Connect<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 2,<br> 23-27<br>|  |  | 5-7, 10 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1-3, <br> 25, 26<br>| 22, 23 |  |  | 29 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2-6, <br> 20, 23<br>|  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 22, 25, <br> 26<br>|
| Colombia | 9 |  | 20 | 6, 7 | 1, 22 | 12, 19 | 3, 20 | 7, 21 |  | 16 | 6, 13 | 8 |
| Costa Rica |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 6, 7, <br> 10<br>| 1 |  | 24 | 2, 14 | 15 |  |  | 1, 25 |
| Croatia | 6 |  |  | 7, 10 | 1, 30 | 8, 22 |  | 15 |  |  | 1 | 25, 26 |
| CyprusT | 6 | 27 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 14, 17, <br> 18<br>| 1 | 5 |  | 15 |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Cyprus | 6 | 27 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 14, 17, <br> 18<br>| 1 | 5 |  | 15 |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Czech Republic | 2, 16 | 20 |  | 7, 10 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 8, <br> 29<br>| 19 | 4, 5, 6 | 28 | 4, 28 | 9 | 17, 23 | 25, 26 |
| Denmark |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 6, 7, <br> 10<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 5, 18, <br> 19, 29<br>| 5 |  |  |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Egypt\*\* | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 8, <br> 26<br>|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 16, 17, <br> 21, 22, <br> 25<br>| 1 | 27-29 | 19, 23 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
| Estonia |  | 24 |  | 7, 10 | 1, 18 | 23 |  |  |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Finland | 6 |  |  | 7, 10 | 1, 18 | 23 |  |  |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 6, 25, <br> 26<br>|
| France |  |  |  | 7, 10 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Georgia, Republic of | 2, 19 |  | 3, 8 | 14, 17 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 9, 12, <br> 26<br>|  |  | 28 |  |  | 23 |  |
| Germany |  |  |  | 7, 10 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Ghana | 2, 9 |  | 6 | 7, 10 | 1, 3 |  | 7 | 4 | 21 |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 25, <br> 26<br>|
| Greece | 6 | 27 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 14, 17<br>| 1 | 5 |  | 15 |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Guinea-Bissau |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 10, 19, <br> 21<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 18, <br> 29<br>| 29 |  | 7, 15 | 27 |  | 1, 15 | 25 |
| Hong Kong | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2,<br> 23-25<br>|  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 5, 7, <br> 10<br>| 1, 26 | 22 |  |  |  | 2, 23 |  | 25, 26 |
| Hungary |  |  | 15 | 7, 10 | 1, 29 |  |  |  |  | 23 | 1 | 25, 26 |
| Iceland |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 6, 7, <br> 10, 20<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 18, <br> 29<br>|  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| India | 26 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 22, <br> 30<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 4, 7, <br> 14<br>| 1, 5 | 28 |  | 15, 16 | 19, 28 | 2, 24 | 14, 27 | 25 |
| Indonesia | 23 |  | 22, 23 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 21, <br> 24-26<br>| 1, 18 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 2, <br> 29<br>| 19 | 17 | 28 |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Ireland | 2 |  |  | 7, 10 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 22, 25, <br> 26, 29<br>|
| Israel\*\* |  |  | 7 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 5, 6, <br> 9-12, <br> 25, 26<br>| 25 |  | 27 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 17, 24, <br> 25<br>| 1-5, 31 |  |  |
| Italy |  |  |  | 7, 10 | 1 |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Ivory Coast |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 10, 19, <br> 21<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 18, <br> 29<br>| 29 |  | 7, 15 | 27 |  | 1, 15 | 25 |
| Japan | 2, 3, 9 | 23 | 21 |  | 3-5 |  | 17 | 11 | 18 | 9 | 3, 23 |  |
| Jordan\*\* | 1 |  |  | 23, 24 | 1, 25 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 27, 28, <br> 29<br>| 19 |  | 27 |  |  | 25 |
| Kazakhstan | 3 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 8,<br> 21-23<br>|  | 1, 8, 9 | 28 | 6 | 30 |  | 25 |  | 18 |
| Kenya | 2 |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 21<br>| 1 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 28, <br> 29<br>|  |  |  | 10, 20 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 12, 25, <br> 26 <br>|

---

**B-65**

------

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Country** | **JAN** | **FEB** | **MAR** | **APR** | **MAY** | **JUN** | **JUL** | **AUG** | **SEP** | **OCT** | **NOV** | **DEC** |
| Korea, Republic of | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2, 23, <br> 24<br>|  | 1 |  | 1, 5 | 6 |  | 15 | 28, 29 | 3, 9 |  | 25 |
| Kuwait\*\* | 1 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 19, 26, <br> 27<br>|  | 23 |  | 28, 29 | 19 |  | 28 |  |  |  |
| Latvia |  |  |  | 7, 10 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 4, 5, <br> 18<br>| 23 | 10 |  |  |  | 20 | 25, 26 |
| Lithuania |  | 16 |  | 10 | 1, 18 |  | 6 | 15 |  |  | 1, 2 | 25, 26 |
| Luxembourg |  |  |  | 7, 10 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Malawi | 2, 16 |  | 3 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 21<br>| 1, 15 |  | 6 |  |  | 16 |  | 25, 26 |
| Malaysia | 23, 24 | 1 |  |  | 1, 4 | 6, 29 | 19 | 31 | 28 |  |  | 25 |
| Mali |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 10, 19, <br> 21<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 18, <br> 29<br>| 29 |  | 7, 15 | 27 |  | 1, 15 | 25 |
| Mauritius | 2, 3 | 1 | 22 |  | 1 |  |  |  | 20 |  | 1, 2 | 25 |
| Mexico |  | 6 | 20 | 6, 7 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | 2, 20 | 12, 25 |
| Morocco | 11 |  |  | 21 | 1 | 28, 29 | 19 | 14, 21 | 28, 29 |  | 6 |  |
| Namibia | 2 |  | 21 | 7, 10 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 4, <br> 18, 25<br>|  |  |  |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 11, 25, <br> 26<br>|
| Netherlands |  |  |  | 7, 10 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| New Zealand | 2, 3 | 6 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 25<br>|  | 5 | 14 |  |  | 23 |  | 25, 26 |
| Niger |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 10, 19, <br> 21<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 18, <br> 29<br>| 29 |  | 7, 15 | 27 |  | 1, 15 | 25 |
| Nigeria | 2 |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 21<br>| 1, 29 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 12, 28, <br> 29<br>|  |  | 28 | 2 |  | 25, 26 |
| Norway |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 5, 6, 7, <br> 10<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 17, <br> 18, 29<br>|  |  |  |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Oman\*\* | 1, 12 | 18 | 22 | 21 |  | 27 | 19 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
| Pakistan | 2 |  | 23, 24 | 24, 25 | 1 | 29, 30 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 3, 27, <br> 28<br>| 14 | 27 |  | 9 | 25 |
| Panama | 9 | 20-22 |  | 6, 7 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 3, 6, <br> 10, 27<br>| 8, 25 |
| Peru |  |  |  | 6, 7 | 1 | 29 | 28 | 30 |  |  | 1 | 8, 25 |
| Philippines | 2 |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 6, 7, <br> 10<br>| 1 | 12 |  | 21, 28 |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 2, <br> 27<br>| 8, 25 |
| Poland | 6 |  |  | 7, 10 | 1, 3 | 8 |  | 15 |  |  | 1 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 25, 26, <br> 29<br>|
| Portugal |  |  |  | 7, 10 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Qatar\*\* | 1 | 14 | 5 | 23, 24 |  | 28, 29 |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |
| Romania | 2, 24 |  |  | 14, 17 | 1 | 1, 5 |  | 15 |  |  | 30 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 25, <br> 26<br>|
| Russia | 2-6 | 23, 24 | 8 |  | 1, 8, 9 | 12 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |
| Saudi Arabia\*\* |  | 22 |  | 23-25 |  | 27-29 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Senegal |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 10, 19, <br> 21<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 18, <br> 29<br>| 29 |  | 7, 15 | 27 |  | 1, 15 | 25 |
| Serbia | 2, 3 | 15, 16 |  | 14, 17 | 1, 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Singapore | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2, 23, <br> 24<br>|  |  | 7 | 1 | 29 |  | 9 |  |  | 13 | 25 |
| Slovak Republic | 6 |  |  | 7, 10 | 1, 8 |  | 5 | 29 | 1, 15 |  | 1, 17 | 25, 26 |
| Slovenia | 2 | 8 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 27<br>| 1, 2 |  |  | 15 |  | 31 | 1 | 25, 26 |
| South Africa | 2 |  | 21 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 27<br>| 1 | 16 |  | 9 | 25 |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Spain |  |  |  | 7, 10 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Sri Lanka | 6, 16 | 3 | 6 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 5, 7, <br> 13, 14<br>| 1, 4, 5 | 29 | 3 | 1, 30 | 28, 29 |  |  | 25, 26  |

---

**B-66**

------

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Country** | **JAN** | **FEB** | **MAR** | **APR** | **MAY** | **JUN** | **JUL** | **AUG** | **SEP** | **OCT** | **NOV** | **DEC** |
| Srpska, Republic of | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2, 3, 6, <br> 9<br>|  |  | 14, 17 | 1, 2, 9 |  |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |
| Sweden | 5, 6 |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 6, 7, <br> 10<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 17, <br> 18<br>| 6, 23 |  |  |  |  | 3 | 25, 26 |
| Switzerland | 2 |  |  | 7, 10 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 18, <br> 29<br>|  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Taiwan | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2,<br> 18-20, <br> 23-27<br>| 27, 28 |  | 3-5 | 1 | 22, 23 |  |  | 29 | 9, 10 |  |  |
| Tanzania | 12 |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 21, 26<br>| 1 | 28 | 7 | 8 | 27 |  |  | 25, 26 |
| Thailand | 2 |  | 6 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 6, 13, <br> 14<br>| 1, 4, 5 | 5 | 28 | 1, 14 |  | 13, 23 |  | 5, 11 |
| Togo |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 10, 19, <br> 21<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 18, <br> 29<br>| 29 |  | 7, 15 | 27 |  | 1, 15 | 25 |
| Tunisia |  |  | 20 | 21 | 1 | 28, 29 | 19, 25 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
| Turkey |  |  |  | 20, 21 | 1, 19 | 27-30 | 30 |  |  |  |  |  |
| Uganda | 26 | 16 | 8 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 21<br>| 1 | 9, 28 |  |  |  | 9 |  | 25, 26 |
| Ukraine |  |  | 8 |  | 1, 9 | 5, 28 |  | 24 |  |  |  | 25 |
| United Arab Emirates - <br> ADX\*\*<br>|  |  |  | 20, 21 |  | 27-29 | 19 |  | 27 |  |  | 1 |
| United Arab Emirates - <br> DFM\*\*<br>|  |  |  | 20, 21 |  | 27-29 | 19 |  | 27 |  |  | 1 |
| United Arab Emirates - <br> DIFC\*\*<br>|  |  |  | 20, 21 |  | 27-29 | 19 |  | 27 |  |  | 1 |
| United Kingdom | 2 |  |  | 7, 10 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 1, 8, <br> 29<br>|  |  | 28 |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 22, 25, <br> 26, 29<br>|
| United States | 2, 16 | 20 |  | 7 | 29 | 19 | 3, 4 |  | 4 | 9 | 23, 24 | 25 |
| Uruguay | 6 | 20, 21 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 6, 7, <br> 17<br>| 1, 22 | 19 | 18 | 25 |  | 16 | 2 | 25 |
| Vietnam | &nbsp;&nbsp; 2, 20, <br> 23-26<br>|  |  |  | 1, 2, 3 |  |  |  | 1, 4 |  |  |  |
| Zambia | 2 |  | 8, 13 | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 28<br>| 1, 25 |  | 3, 4 | 7 |  | 18, 24 |  | 25 |
| Zimbabwe | 2 | 21 |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 7, 10, <br> 18<br>| 1, 25 |  |  | 14, 15 |  |  |  | &nbsp;&nbsp; 22, 25, <br> 26<br>|

---

\*\* Market is closed every Friday

***Redemption.*** A redemption request submitted on the following dates in the following foreign markets in calendar year 2023 will result in a settlement period that exceeds seven calendar days.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Argentina** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Australia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Austria** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Bahrain** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**B-67**

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Bangladesh** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Belgium** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Bermuda** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Botswana** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 12/28/2022 | 01/04/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/29/2022 | 01/05/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/30/2022 | 01/06/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 07/12/2023 | 07/19/2023 | T+7 |
| 07/13/2023 | 07/20/2023 | T+7 |
| 07/14/2023 | 07/21/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Brazil** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Bulgaria** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Canada** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Chile** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **China A-Share** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **China B-Share** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 01/18/2023 | 01/30/2023 | T+12 |
| 01/19/2023 | 01/31/2023 | T+12 |
| 01/20/2023 | 02/01/2023 | T+12 |
| 04/26/2023 | 05/04/2023 | T+8 |
| 04/27/2023 | 05/05/2023 | T+8 |
| 04/28/2023 | 05/08/2023 | T+10 |
| 06/19/2023 | 06/26/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/20/2023 | 06/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/21/2023 | 06/28/2023 | T+7  |

---

**B-68**

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **China B-Share** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 09/26/2023 | 10/10/2023 | T+14 |
| 09/26/2023 | 10/09/2023 | T+13 |
| 09/27/2023 | 10/11/2023 | T+14 |
| 09/27/2023 | 10/10/2023 | T+13 |
| 09/28/2023 | 10/12/2023 | T+14 |
| 09/28/2023 | 10/11/2023 | T+13 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **China Connect** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Colombia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Costa Rica** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Croatia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Cyprus** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/12/2023 | 04/19/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/13/2023 | 04/20/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Czech Republic** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Denmark** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Egypt** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 06/23/2023 | 06/30/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Estonia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Finland** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **France** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**B-69**

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Germany** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Ghana** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Greece** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Hong Kong** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 01/19/2023 | 01/26/2023 | T+7 |
| 01/20/2023 | 01/27/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Hungary** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Iceland** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **India** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Indonesia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/19/2023 | 04/27/2023 | T+8 |
| 04/20/2023 | 04/28/2023 | T+8 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Ireland** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Israel** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/07/2023 | 04/14/2023 | T+7 |
| 09/28/2023 | 10/06/2023 | T+8 |
| 09/29/2023 | 10/09/2023 | T+10 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Italy** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Japan** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 05/01/2023 | 05/08/2023 | T+7 |
| 05/02/2023 | 05/09/2022 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**B-70**

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Jordan** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 06/23/2023 | 06/30/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Kazakhstan** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 12/28/2022 | 01/04/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/29/2022 | 01/05/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/30/2022 | 01/06/2023 | T+7 |
| 03/16/2023 | 03/24/2023 | T+8 |
| 03/17/2023 | 03/27/2023 | T+10 |
| 03/20/2023 | 03/28/2023 | T+8 |
| 05/03/2023 | 05/10/2023 | T+7 |
| 05/04/2023 | 05/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 05/05/2023 | 05/12/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Kenya** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/23/2023 | 06/30/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/27/2023 | 07/04/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Kuwait** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 06/22/2023 | 06/30/2023 | T+8 |
| 06/23/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+8 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/04/2023 | T+8 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Latvia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Lithuania** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Luxembourg** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Malawi** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**B-71**

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Malaysia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Mauritius** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 12/28/2022 | 01/04/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/29/2022 | 01/05/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/30/2022 | 01/06/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Mexico** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Morocco** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/27/2023 | 07/04/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/28/2023 | 07/05/2023 | T+7 |
| 09/25/2023 | 10/02/2023 | T+7 |
| 09/26/2023 | 10/03/2023 | T+7 |
| 09/27/2023 | 10/04/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Namibia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 12/26/2022 | 01/03/2023 | T+8 |
| 12/27/2022 | 01/04/2023 | T+8 |
| 12/28/2022 | 01/05/2023 | T+8 |
| 12/29/2022 | 01/06/2023 | T+8 |
| 12/30/2022 | 01/09/2023 | T+10 |
| 03/14/2023 | 03/22/2023 | T+8 |
| 03/15/2023 | 03/23/2023 | T+8 |
| 03/16/2023 | 03/24/2023 | T+8 |
| 03/17/2023 | 03/27/2023 | T+10 |
| 03/20/2023 | 03/28/2023 | T+8 |
| 03/31/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+11 |
| 04/03/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+9 |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+9 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/14/2023 | T+9 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/17/2023 | T+11 |
| 04/20/2023 | 04/28/2023 | T+8 |
| 04/21/2023 | 05/02/2023 | T+11 |
| 04/24/2023 | 05/03/2023 | T+9 |
| 04/25/2023 | 05/05/2023 | T+10 |
| 04/26/2023 | 05/08/2022 | T+12 |
| 04/28/2023 | 05/09/2023 | T+11 |
| 05/02/2023 | 05/10/2023 | T+8 |
| 05/03/2023 | 05/11/2023 | T+8 |
| 05/11/2023 | 05/19/2023 | T+8 |
| 05/12/2023 | 05/22/2023 | T+10 |
| 05/15/2023 | 05/23/2023 | T+8 |
| 05/16/2023 | 05/24/2023 | T+8 |
| 05/17/2023 | 05/26/2023 | T+9 |
| 05/19/2023 | 05/29/2023 | T+10 |
| 05/22/2023 | 05/30/2023 | T+8 |
| 05/23/2023 | 05/31/2023 | T+8 |
| 05/24/2023 | 06/01/2023 | T+8  |

---

**B-72**

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Namibia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 06/09/2023 | 06/19/2023 | T+10 |
| 06/12/2023 | 06/20/2023 | T+8 |
| 06/13/2023 | 06/21/2023 | T+8 |
| 06/14/2023 | 06/22/2023 | T+8 |
| 06/15/2023 | 06/23/2023 | T+8 |
| 08/02/2023 | 08/10/2023 | T+8 |
| 08/03/2023 | 08/11/2023 | T+8 |
| 08/04/2023 | 08/14/2023 | T+10 |
| 08/07/2023 | 08/15/2023 | T+8 |
| 08/08/2023 | 08/16/2023 | T+8 |
| 09/18/2023 | 09/26/2023 | T+8 |
| 09/19/2023 | 09/27/2023 | T+8 |
| 09/20/2023 | 09/28/2023 | T+8 |
| 09/21/2023 | 09/29/2023 | T+8 |
| 09/22/2023 | 10/02/2023 | T+10 |
| 12/04/2023 | 12/12/2023 | T+8 |
| 12/05/2023 | 12/13/2023 | T+8 |
| 12/06/2023 | 12/14/2023 | T+8 |
| 12/07/2023 | 12/15/2023 | T+8 |
| 12/08/2023 | 12/18/2023 | T+10 |
| 12/18/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+9 |
| 12/19/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+9 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+9 |
| 12/21/2023 | 01/02/2024 | T+12 |
| 12/22/2023 | 01/03/2024 | T+12 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Netherlands** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **New Zealand** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Nigeria** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/23/2023 | 06/30/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/27/2023 | 07/04/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Norway** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/03/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+8 |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+8 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Oman** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/19/2023 | 04/27/2023 | T+8 |
| 04/20/2023 | 04/28/2023 | T+8  |

---

**B-73**

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Oman** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/21/2023 | 05/01/2023 | T+10 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Pakistan** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/20/2023 | 04/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/21/2023 | 04/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/27/2023 | 07/04/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Panama** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Peru** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Philippines** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/03/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+8 |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+8 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+8 |
| 10/27/2023 | 11/03/2023 | T+7 |
| 10/30/2023 | 11/06/2023 | T+7 |
| 10/31/2023 | 11/07/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Poland** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Portugal** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Qatar** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 06/23/2023 | 06/30/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/27/2023 | 07/04/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Romania** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Russia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 12/28/2022 | 01/09/2023 | T+12 |
| 12/29/2022 | 01/10/2023 | T+12 |
| 12/30/2022 | 01/11/2023 | T+12 |
| 02/20/2023 | 02/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 02/21/2023 | 02/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 02/22/2023 | 03/01/2023 | T+7 |
| 05/03/2023 | 05/10/2023 | T+7 |
| 05/04/2023 | 05/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 05/05/2023 | 05/12/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**B-74**

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Saudi Arabia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/20/2023 | 04/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/21/2023 | 04/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/23/2023 | 06/30/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Serbia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Singapore** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Slovak Republic** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Slovenia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **South Africa** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **South Korea** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Spain** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Sri Lanka** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/10/2023 | 04/17/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/11/2023 | 04/18/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/12/2023 | 04/19/2023 | T+7 |
| 05/01/2023 | 05/08/2023 | T+7 |
| 05/02/2023 | 05/09/2023 | T+7 |
| 05/03/2023 | 05/10/2023 | T+7 |
| 09/25/2023 | 10/02/2023 | T+7 |
| 09/26/2023 | 10/03/2023 | T+7 |
| 09/27/2023 | 10/04/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Sweden** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/03/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+8 |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+8 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**B-75**

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Switzerland** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Taiwan** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 01/18/2023 | 01/30/2023 | T+12 |
| 01/19/2023 | 01/31/2023 | T+12 |
| 03/30/2023 | 04/06/2023 | T+7 |
| 03/31/2023 | 04/07/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Tanzania** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Thailand** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Tunisia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 06/23/2023 | 06/30/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/27/2023 | 07/04/2023 | T+7 |
| 07/13/2023 | 07/20/2023 | T+7 |
| 07/14/2023 | 07/21/2023 | T+7 |
| 07/17/2023 | 07/24/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Turkey** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 06/23/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+10 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/04/2023 | T+8 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Uganda** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/22/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Ukraine** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **United Arab Emirates** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/18/2023 | 04/25/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/19/2023 | 04/26/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/26/2023 | 07/03/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/27/2023 | 07/04/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**B-76**

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **United Kingdom** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **United States** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Uruguay** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Vietnam** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 01/18/2023 | 01/27/2023 | T+9 |
| 01/19/2023 | 01/30/2023 | T+11 |
| 04/27/2023 | 05/04/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/28/2023 | 05/05/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **WAEMU** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 | No settlement cycles (˃=): T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Zambia** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/28/2023 | 07/05/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/29/2023 | 07/06/2023 | T+7 |
| 06/30/2023 | 07/07/2023 | T+7 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Zimbabwe** |  |  |
| **Redemption Date** | **Redemption Settlement Date** | **Settlement Period** |
| 04/04/2023 | 04/11/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/05/2023 | 04/12/2023 | T+7 |
| 04/06/2023 | 04/13/2023 | T+7 |
| 08/09/2023 | 08/16/2023 | T+7 |
| 08/10/2023 | 08/17/2023 | T+7 |
| 08/11/2023 | 08/18/2023 | T+7 |
| 12/19/2023 | 12/27/2023 | T+8 |
| 12/20/2023 | 12/28/2023 | T+8 |
| 12/21/2023 | 12/29/2023 | T+8 |

---

In 2023, the maximum number of calendar days necessary to satisfy a redemption request would be 14 days.

**Financial Statements** 

Each Fund's Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, appearing in the Funds' 2022 [<u>Annual</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/736054/000110465921154142/tm2134327d3_ncsr.htm)[<u>Reports</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/736054/000110465921154142/tm2134327d3_ncsr.htm) to Shareholders, and the reports thereon of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, also appearing therein, are incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. For a more complete discussion of each Fund's performance, please see the Funds' Annual and Semiannual Reports to Shareholders, which may be obtained without charge.

**B-77**

------

**Appendix A**

**Summary of the Vanguard-Advised Funds Proxy Voting Policy** 

The funds for which Vanguard acts as investment advisor (Vanguard-advised funds) retain authority to vote proxies received for the shares of equity securities held in each fund. The Board of Trustees (the Board) for the Vanguard-advised funds has adopted proxy voting procedures and guidelines to govern proxy voting for each portfolio retaining proxy voting authority.

The Investment Stewardship Oversight Committee (the Committee), comprised primarily of fund officers and subject to the procedures described below, oversees the Vanguard-advised funds' proxy voting. The Committee reports directly to the Board. Vanguard is subject to these procedures and the proxy voting policies to the extent that they call for Vanguard to administer the voting process and implement the resulting voting decisions, and for these purposes the voting policies have also been approved by the Board of Directors of Vanguard.

The voting principles and policies adopted by the Board provide a framework for assessing each proposal and seek to ensure that each vote is cast in the best interests of each fund. Under the voting policies, each proposal is evaluated on its merits, based on the particular facts and circumstances presented at the company in question. For more information on the funds' proxy voting policies, please visit *about.vanguard.com/investment-stewardship*.

**I. Investment Stewardship Team** 

The Investment Stewardship Team administers the day-to-day operation of the funds' proxy voting process, overseen by the Committee. The Investment Stewardship Team performs the following functions: (1) managing and conducting due diligence of proxy voting vendors; (2) reconciling share positions; (3) analyzing proxy proposals using factors described in the voting policies; (4) determining and addressing potential or actual conflicts of interest that may be presented by a particular proxy; and (5) voting proxies. The Investment Stewardship Team also prepares periodic and special reports for the Board and proposes amendments to the procedures and voting policies.

**II. Investment Stewardship Oversight Committee** 

The Board, including a majority of the independent trustees, appoints the members of the Committee (which is comprised primarily of fund officers). The Committee works with the Investment Stewardship Team to provide reports and other guidance to the Board regarding proxy voting by the funds. The Committee has an obligation to exercise its decision-making authority in accordance with the Board's instructions as set forth in the funds' proxy voting procedures and voting policies and subject to the fiduciary standards of good faith, fairness, and Vanguard's Code of Ethics. The Committee may advise the Investment Stewardship Team on how to best apply the Board's instructions as set forth in the voting policies or refer the matter to the Board, which has ultimate decision-making authority for the funds. The Board reviews the procedures and voting policies annually and modifies them from time to time upon the recommendation of the Committee and in consultation with the Investment Stewardship Team.

**III. Proxy Voting Principles** 

Vanguard's investment stewardship activities are grounded in four principles of good governance:

1) *Board composition:* We believe good governance begins with a great board of directors. Our primary interest is to ensure that the individuals who represent the interests of all shareholders are independent, committed, capable, and diverse in personal characteristics, skills, and experience.

2) *Oversight of strategy and risk:* We believe that boards are responsible for effective oversight of a company's long-term strategy and material risks, including environmental, social, and governance risks.

3) *Executive compensation:* We believe that performance-linked compensation (or remuneration) policies and practices are fundamental drivers of sustainable, long-term value.

4) *Shareholder rights:* We believe that companies should have in place governance structures that serve to safeguard and support foundational rights for shareholders.

**B-78**

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**IV. Evaluation of Proxies** 

For ease of reference, the procedures and guidelines often refer to all funds. However, the processes and practices seek to ensure that proxy voting decisions are suitable for individual funds. For most proxy proposals, particularly those involving corporate governance, the evaluation could result in the funds having a common interest in the matter and, accordingly, each fund casting votes in the same manner. In other cases, however, a fund may vote differently from other funds if doing so is in the best interest of the individual fund.

The voting policies do not permit the Board to delegate voting discretion to a third party that does not serve as a fiduciary for the funds. Because many factors bear on each decision, the voting policies incorporate factors that should be considered in each voting decision. A fund may refrain from voting some or all of its shares or vote in a particular way if doing so would be in the fund's and its shareholders' best interests. These circumstances may arise, for example, if the expected cost of voting exceeds the expected benefits of voting, if exercising the vote would result in the imposition of trading or other restrictions, or if a fund (or all Vanguard funds in the aggregate) were to own more than the permissible maximum percentage of a company's stock (as determined by the company's governing documents or by applicable law, regulation, or regulatory agreement).

In evaluating proxy proposals, the Investment Stewardship Team considers information from many sources, which could include, but is not limited to, the perspectives of the company management or shareholders presenting a proposal, independent proxy research services, or proprietary research. Additionally, data and recommendations from proxy advisors serve as one of many inputs into our research process.

While serving as a framework, the voting policies cannot contemplate all possible proposals with which a fund may be presented. In the absence of a specific guideline for a particular proposal (e.g., in the case of a transactional issue or contested proxy), the Investment Stewardship Team, under the supervision of the Committee, will evaluate the matter and cast the fund's vote in a manner that is in the fund's best interest, subject to the individual circumstances of the fund.

**V. Conflicts of Interest** 

Vanguard takes seriously its commitment to avoid potential conflicts of interest. Vanguard funds invest in thousands of publicly listed companies worldwide. Those companies may include clients, potential clients, vendors, or competitors. Some companies may employ Vanguard trustees, former Vanguard executives, or family members of Vanguard personnel who have direct involvement in Vanguard's Investment Stewardship program.

Vanguard's approach to mitigating conflicts of interest begins with the funds' proxy voting procedures. The procedures require that voting personnel act as fiduciaries and must conduct their activities at all times in accordance with the following standards: (i) fund shareholders' interests come first; (ii) conflicts of interest must be avoided; (iii) and compromising situations must be avoided.

We maintain an important separation between Vanguard's Investment Stewardship Team and other groups within Vanguard that are responsible for sales, marketing, client service, and vendor/partner relationships. Proxy voting personnel are required to disclose potential conflicts of interest and must recuse themselves from all voting decisions and engagement activities in such instances. In certain circumstances, Vanguard may refrain from voting shares of a company, or may engage an independent third-party fiduciary to vote proxies.

Each externally managed fund has adopted the proxy voting guidelines of its advisor(s) and votes in accordance with the external advisors' guidelines and procedures. Each advisor has its own procedures for managing conflicts of interest in the best interests of fund shareholders.

**VI. Shareholder Proposals** 

Shareholder proposals are evaluated in the context of the general corporate governance principle that a company's board has ultimate responsibility for providing effective ongoing oversight of relevant sector and company-specific risks, including risks related to environmental and social matters. Each proposal is evaluated on its merits and in the context of the particular facts and circumstances at the company in question and supported when there is a logically demonstrable linkage between the specific proposal and long-term shareholder value of the company. Some of the factors considered when evaluating shareholder proposals include the materiality of the risk addressed by the proposal, the quality of the current disclosures/business practices, and any progress by the company toward the adoption of best practices and/or industry norms.

**B-79**

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**VII. Voting in Markets Outside the United States** 

Corporate governance standards, disclosure requirements, and voting mechanics vary greatly among the markets outside the United States (U.S.) in which the funds may invest. Each fund's votes will be used, where applicable, to support improvements in governance and disclosure by each fund's portfolio companies. Matters presented by non-U.S. portfolio companies will be evaluated in the foregoing context, as well as in accordance with local market standards and best practices. Votes are cast for each fund in a manner philosophically consistent with the voting policies, taking into account differing practices by market.

In many other markets, voting proxies will result in a fund being prohibited from selling the shares for a period of time due to requirements known as "share-blocking" or reregistration. Generally, the value of voting is unlikely to outweigh the loss of liquidity imposed by these requirements on the funds. In such instances, the funds will generally abstain from voting.

The costs of voting (e.g., custodian fees, vote agency fees) in other markets may be substantially higher than for U.S. holdings. As such, the fund may limit its voting on foreign holdings in instances in which the issues presented are unlikely to have a material impact on shareholder value.

**VIII. Voting Shares of a Company That Has an Ownership Limitation** 

Certain companies have provisions in their governing documents or other agreements that restrict stock ownership in excess of a specified limit. Typically, these ownership restrictions are included in the governing documents of real estate investment trusts but may be included in other companies' governing documents. A company's governing documents normally allow the company to grant a waiver of these ownership limits, which would allow a fund to exceed the stated ownership limit. Sometimes a company will grant a waiver without restriction. From time to time, a company may grant a waiver only if a fund (or funds) agrees to not vote the company's shares in excess of the normal specified limit. In such a circumstance, a fund may refrain from voting shares if owning the shares beyond the company's specified limit is in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders.

In addition, applicable law may require prior regulatory approval to permit ownership of certain regulated issuer's voting securities above certain limits or may impose other restrictions on owners of more than a certain percentage of a regulated issuer's voting shares. The Board has authorized the funds to vote shares above these limits in the same proportion as votes cast by the issuer's entire shareholder base (i.e., mirror vote), or to refrain from voting excess shares. Further, the Board has adopted policies that will result in certain funds mirror voting a higher proportion of the shares they own in a regulated issuer in order to permit certain other funds (generally advised by managers not affiliated with Vanguard) to mirror vote none, or a lower proportion of, their shares in such regulated issuer.

**IX. Voting on a Fund's Holdings of Other Vanguard Funds** 

Certain Vanguard funds (owner funds) may, from time to time, own shares of other Vanguard funds (underlying funds). If an underlying fund submits a matter to a vote of its shareholders, votes for and against such matters on behalf of the owner funds will be cast in the same proportion as the votes of the other shareholders in the underlying fund.

**X. Securities Lending** 

There may be occasions when Vanguard needs to restrict lending of and/or recall securities that are out on loan in order to vote in a shareholder meeting. Vanguard has processes to monitor securities on loan and to evaluate any circumstances that may require us to restrict and/or recall the stock. In making this decision, we consider:

◾ The subject of the vote and whether, based on our knowledge and experience, we believe the topic is potentially material to the corporate governance and/or long-term performance of the company;

◾ The Vanguard funds' individual and/or aggregate equity investment in a company, and whether we estimate that voting Vanguard funds' shares would affect the shareholder meeting outcome; and

◾ The long-term impact to our fund shareholders, evaluating whether we believe the benefits of voting a company's shares would outweigh the benefits of stock lending revenues in a particular instance.

**SAI 056 022023**

------

**PART C**

**VANGUARD STAR FUNDS**

**OTHER INFORMATION** 

**Item 28. Exhibits** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) [<u>Articles of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust</u>](f24407d1.htm) , is filed herewith.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) [<u>By-Laws, Amended and Restated By-Laws,</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/736054/000168386321001028/f8077d1.htm) filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 97 dated February 26, 2021, is hereby incorporated by reference.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders, reference is made to Articles III and V of the Registrant's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, refer to Exhibit (a) above.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Investment Advisory Contracts, The Vanguard Group, Inc., provides investment advisory services to Vanguard STAR Fund, Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, and Vanguard LifeStrategy Funds pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Funds' Service Agreement, refer to Exhibit (h) below.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) Underwriting Contracts, not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts, reference is made to the section entitled "Management of the Funds" in Part B of this Registration Statement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) Custodian Agreement,for [<u>JPMorgan Chase Bank</u>](f24407d2.htm) , is filed herewith.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) [<u>Other Material Contracts, Fifth Amended and Restated Funds' Service Agreement</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/736054/000168386320000445/f2508d4.htm) , filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 dated February 27, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference. [<u>Form of Fund of Funds</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/736054/000168386322001066/f11170d3.htm) [<u>Investment Agreement</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/736054/000168386322001066/f11170d3.htm) , filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 98 dated February 25, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) Legal Opinion, not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) Other Opinions, [<u>Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</u>](f24407d3.htm) , is filed herewith.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) Omitted Financial Statements, not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) Initial Capital Agreements, not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) Rule 12b-1 Plan, not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n) [<u>Rule 18f-3 Plan</u>](f24407d4.htm) , is filed herewith.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) Reserved.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(p) Codes of Ethics, for [<u>The Vanguard Group, Inc</u>](f24407d5.htm) ., is filed herewith.

**Item 29. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant** 

None.

**Item 30. Indemnification** 

The Registrant's organizational documents contain provisions indemnifying Trustees and officers against liability incurred in their official capacities. Article VII, Section 2 of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the Registrant may indemnify and hold harmless each and every Trustee and officer from and against any and all claims, demands, costs, losses, expenses, and damages whatsoever arising out of or related to the performance of his or her duties as a Trustee or officer. Article VI of the By-Laws generally provides that the Registrant shall indemnify its Trustees and officers from any liability arising out of their past or present service in that capacity. Among other things, this provision excludes any liability arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or the reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the Trustee's or officer's office with the Registrant.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act) may be permitted for directors, officers, or persons controlling the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

------

**Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser** 

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act). The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Vanguard, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Vanguard pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801- 11953).

**Item 32. Principal Underwriters** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Vanguard Marketing Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Vanguard Group, Inc., is the principal underwriter of each fund within the Vanguard group of investment companies, a family of over 200 funds.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The principal business address of each named director and officer of Vanguard Marketing Corporation is 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Positions and Office with Underwriter** | **Positions and Office with Funds** |
| Matthew J. Benchener | &nbsp;&nbsp; Vice President and Chief Executive Officer <br> Designee<br>| None |
| Karin A. Risi | Vice President | None |
| Thomas M. Rampulla | Vice President | None |
| Michael Rollings | Vice President | Finance Director |
| John Bisordi | General Counsel and Vice President | None |
| Tara Buckley | Vice President and Assistant Secretary | None |
| Matthew C. Brancato | Vice President | None |
| Mortimer J. Buckley | President | Chief Executive Officer and President |
| Beth Morales Singh | Secretary | None |
| Erica Green | Chief Compliance Officer | None |
| Sarah Green | Anti-Money Laundering Officer | None |
| Nitin Tandon | Chief Information Officer | None |
| Manish Nagar | Chief Information Security Officer | None |
| Salvatore L. Pantalone | Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer | None |
| Matthew Tretter | Principal Operations Officer | None |
| Danielle Corey | Annuity and Insurance Officer | None |
| Jeff Seglem | Annuity and Insurance Officer | None |
| Barbara Bock | Controller | None |
| Jason Botzler | Vice President | None |
| Jon Cleborne | Vice President | None |
| Kaitlyn Holmes | Vice President | None |
| Andrew Kadjeski | Vice President | None |
| Amy M. Laursen | Vice President | None |
| Paul M. Jakubowski | Vice President | None |
| John James | Vice President | None |
| James D. Martielli | Vice President | None |
| Armond E. Mosley | Vice President | None |
| David Petty | Vice President | None |
| David MacBride | Vice President | None |
| Massy Williams | Vice President | None  |

---

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Positions and Office with Underwriter** | **Positions and Office with Funds** |
| Jacob Buttery | Assistant Secretary | None |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Not applicable.

**Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records** 

The books, accounts, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder will be maintained at the offices of the Registrant, the Registrant's Transfer Agent, The Vanguard Group, Inc., 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355; the Registrant's Custodian, JP Morgan Chase Bank, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10179; and the Registrant's investment advisor at the location identified in this Registration Statement.

**Item 34. Management Services** 

Other than as set forth in the section entitled "Management of the Funds" in Part B of this Registration Statement, the Registrant is not a party to any management-related service contract.

**Item 35. Undertakings** 

Not applicable.

------

**SIGNATURES** 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Town of Valley Forge and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 24th day of February, 2023.

**Vanguard Star Funds** 

BY:

/s/ Mortimer J. Buckley\*

------

Mortimer J. Buckley

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Signature | Title | Date |
| /s/ Mortimer J. Buckley\*<br>Mortimer J. Buckley<br>| Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ Tara Bunch\*<br>Tara Bunch<br>| Trustee | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ Emerson U. Fullwood\*<br>Emerson U. Fullwood<br>| Trustee | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ F. Joseph Loughrey\*<br>F. Joseph Loughrey<br>| Trustee | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ Mark Loughridge\*<br>Mark Loughridge<br>| Trustee | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ Scott C. Malpass\*<br>Scott C. Malpass<br>| Trustee | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ Deanna Mulligan\*<br>Deanna Mulligan<br>| Trustee | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ André F. Perold\*<br>André F. Perold<br>| Trustee | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ Sarah Bloom Raskin\*<br>Sarah Bloom Raskin<br>| Trustee | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ David Thomas\*<br>David Thomas<br>| Trustee | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ Peter F. Volanakis\*<br>Peter F. Volanakis<br>| Trustee | February 24, 2023 |
| /s/ Christine Buchanan\*<br>Christine Buchanan<br>| Chief Financial Officer | February 24, 2023  |

---

------

\*By: /s/ Anne E. Robinson

Anne E. Robinson, pursuant to a [<u>Power of Attorney</u>](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1021882/000168386322006693/f23389d2.htm) filed on October 11, 2022 (see File Number 333-11763), Incorporated by Reference.

------

## Ex-99

AMENDMENT NO. 4

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

This Amendment No. 4 (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Vanguard STAR Funds (the "Trust") amends, effective March 29, 2016, the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust dated as of November 19, 2008, as amended (the "Agreement").

By resolutions adopted at a meeting of the Trust's Board of Trustees (the "Board") on December 16, 2015, the Board approved this Amendment. Under Article VIII, Section 4 of the Agreement, this Amendment may be executed by a duly authorized officer of the Trust.

WHEREAS, the Trust desires to amend the Agreement to reflect the addition of an Institutional Select share class of the Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, a series of the Trust;

NOW, THEREFORE, the Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.Schedule A of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as set forth on Exhibit 1 to this Amendment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.All references in the Agreement to the "Amended Declaration of Trust" or "Declaration of Trust" shall mean the Agreement as amended by this Amendment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Except as specifically amended by this Amendment, the Agreement is hereby confirmed and remains in full force and effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, a duly authorized officer of the Trust, has executed this Amendment as of October 27, 2022.

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

/S/ Michael J. Drayo___________

(Original signature on Declaration of Trust)

107932, v0.8 #107932 11/24/2010

EXHIBIT 1

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

SCHEDULE A

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

SERIES AND CLASSES OF THE TRUST

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| SERIES | CLASSES |
| Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Investor, Institutional, Institutional Plus | Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Investor, Institutional, Institutional Plus |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard STAR Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, |
|  | Institutional Plus, ETF, Institutional |
|  | Select |

---

107932, v0.8

AMENDMENT NO. 4

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

This Amendment No. 4 (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Vanguard STAR Funds (the "Trust") amends, effective March 29, 2016, the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust dated as of November 19, 2008, as amended (the "Agreement").

By resolutions adopted at a meeting of the Trust's Board of Trustees (the "Board") on December 16, 2015, the Board approved this Amendment. Under Article VIII, Section 4 of the Agreement, this Amendment may be executed by a duly authorized officer of the Trust.

WHEREAS, the Trust desires to amend the Agreement to reflect the addition of an Institutional Select share class of the Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, a series of the Trust;

NOW, THEREFORE, the Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.Schedule A of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as set forth on Exhibit 1 to this Amendment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.All references in the Agreement to the "Amended Declaration of Trust" or "Declaration of Trust" shall mean the Agreement as amended by this Amendment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.Except as specifically amended by this Amendment, the Agreement is hereby confirmed and remains in full force and effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, a duly authorized officer of the Trust, has executed this Amendment as of March ____, 2016.

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

<u>/S/ Laura Merianos _____________</u>

(Original signature on Declaration of Trust)

Laura Merianos, Assistant Secretary

EXHIBIT 1

107932, v0.8

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

SCHEDULE A

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

SERIES AND CLASSES OF THE TRUST

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| SERIES | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CLASSES |
| Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Investor, Institutional, Institutional Plus | Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Investor, Institutional, Institutional Plus |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investor |
| Vanguard STAR Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investor |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional, |
| Institutional Plus, ETF, Institutional Select |  |

---

107932, v0.8

AMENDMENT NO. 3

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

This Amendment No. 3 (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Vanguard STAR Funds (the "Trust") amends, effective September 23, 2010, the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust dated as of November 19, 2008, as amended (the "Agreement").

By resolutions adopted at a meeting of the Trust's Board of Trustees (the "Board") on September 23, 2010, the Board approved this Amendment. Under Article VIII, Section 4 of the Agreement, this Amendment may be executed by a duly authorized officer of the Trust.

WHEREAS, the Trust desires to amend the Agreement to reflect the addition of certain share classes to the Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund, a series of the Trust, and Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund, a series of the Trust;

NOW, THEREFORE, the Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.Schedule A of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as set forth on Exhibit 1 to this Amendment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.All references in the Agreement to the "Amended Declaration of Trust" or "Declaration of Trust" shall mean the Agreement as amended by this Amendment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.Except as specifically amended by this Amendment, the Agreement is hereby confirmed and remains in full force and effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, a duly authorized officer of the Trust, has executed this Amendment as of November 24, 2010.

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

<u>/S/ Natalie Bej _____________</u>

(Original signature on Declaration of Trust)

Natalie Bej, Assistant Secretary

107932, v0.8

EXHIBIT 1

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

"SCHEDULE A

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

SERIES AND CLASSES OF THE TRUST

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| SERIES | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CLASSES |
| Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Investor, Institutional, Institutional Plus | Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund Investor, Institutional, Institutional Plus |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investor |
| Vanguard STAR Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investor |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Signal, Institutional, |
| Institutional Plus, ETF" |  |

---

107932, v0.8

AMENDMENT NO. 2

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

This Amendment No. 2 (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Vanguard STAR Funds (the "Trust") amends, effective January 22, 2010, the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust dated as of November 19, 2008, as amended (the "Agreement").

By resolutions adopted at a meeting of the Trust's Board of Trustees (the "Board") on January 22, 2010, the Board approved this Amendment. Under Article VIII, Section 4 of the Agreement, this Amendment may be executed by a duly authorized officer of the Trust.

WHEREAS, the Trust desires to amend the Agreement to reflect the merger of Vanguard Institutional Developed Markets Index Fund into Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund, each a series of the Trust;

NOW, THEREFORE, the Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10.Schedule A of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as set forth on Exhibit 1 to this Amendment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11.All references in the Agreement to the "Amended Declaration of Trust" or "Declaration of Trust" shall mean the Agreement as amended by this Amendment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12.Except as specifically amended by this Amendment, the Agreement is hereby confirmed and remains in full force and effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, a duly authorized officer of the Trust, has executed this Amendment as of November 24, 2010.

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

<u>/S/ Natalie Bej _____________</u>

(Original signature on Declaration of Trust)

Natalie Bej, Assistant Secretary

107932, v0.8

EXHIBIT 1

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

"SCHEDULE A

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

SERIES AND CLASSES OF THE TRUST

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| SERIES | CLASSES |
| Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund | Investor, Institutional |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard STAR Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | Investor" |

---

107932, v0.8 #107932 9/18/2009

AMENDMENT NO. 1

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

This Amendment No. 1 (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Vanguard STAR Funds (the "Trust") amends, effective September 18, 2009, the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust dated as of November 19, 2008, as amended (the "Agreement").

By resolutions adopted at a meeting of the Trust's Board of Trustees (the "Board") on September 18, 2009, the Board approved this Amendment. Under Article VIII, Section 4 of the Agreement, this Amendment may be executed by a duly authorized officer of the Trust.

WHEREAS, the Trust desires to amend the Agreement to reflect the addition of an Institutional Share class to the Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund, a series of the Trust;

NOW, THEREFORE, the Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13.Schedule A of the Agreement is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as set forth on Exhibit 1 to this Amendment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14.All references in the Agreement to the "Amended Declaration of Trust" or "Declaration of Trust" shall mean the Agreement as amended by this Amendment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15.Except as specifically amended by this Amendment, the Agreement is hereby confirmed and remains in full force and effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, a duly authorized officer of the Trust, has executed this Amendment as of September 18, 2009.

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

<u>/S/ Arthur S. Gabinet __________</u>

(Original signature on Declaration of Trust)

Arthur S. Gabinet, Assistant Secretary

107932, v0.8 2

EXHIBIT 1

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

"SCHEDULE A

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

SERIES AND CLASSES OF THE TRUST

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| SERIES | CLASSES |
| Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund | Investor, Institutional |
| Vanguard Institutional Developed Markets Index Fund | Institutional |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard STAR Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | Investor" |

---

107932, v0.8 #107932 2/16/2023

![](g57t5xfqkztqba4ysokjo.jpg)

AMENDEDAND RESTATED

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

VANGUARD STAR FUNDS

WHEREAS, this AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST of Vanguard STAR Funds (the "Trust") is made and entered into as of the date set forth below by the Trustees named hereunder for the purpose of continuing the Trust as a Delaware statutory trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;

WHEREAS, the Trust was formed upon the filing of a certificate of trust in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 28, 1998 pursuant to a declaration of trust dated January 23, 1998 (the "Original Declaration of Trust");

<u>WHEREAS, the Original Declaration of Trust was amended on July 19, 2002 (as so amended, the "Amended Declaration of Trust"); and</u>

<u>WHEREAS, the Trustees consider it appropriate to amend and restate the Amended Declaration of Trust in accordance with the terms of the Amended Declaration of Trust and the Delaware Act.</u>

NOW, THEREFORE, the Amended Declaration of Trust is hereby amended and

<u>restated as follows and the Trustees</u> do hereby declare that the Trustees will hold IN TRUST all cash, securities and other assets that the Trust now possesses or may hereafter acquire from time to time in any manner and manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms and conditions.

ARTICLE I.

Name and Definitions

<u>Section 1</u>. <u>Name</u>. The name of the Trust is "VANGUARD STAR FUNDS"

and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other name as they may from time to time determine. <u>If the Trustees determine to change the name of the Trust, they may adopt such other name for the Trust as they deem proper. Any name change shall become effective upon approval by the Trustees of such change and the filing of a certificate of amendment under the Delaware Act. Any such action shall have the status of an amendment to this Declaration of Trust.</u>

Section 2. Definitions. Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by the context or specifically provided:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)<u>"Amended Declaration of Trust" shall have the meaning set forth in</u>

107932, v0.8 #107932 2/16/2023

<u>the recitals to this Declaration of Trust;</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)<u>"By-Laws"</u> shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as amended from

<u>time to time;</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)<u>"Commission" shall have the respective meanings given it in Section 2(a)(7) and Section (2)(a)(29) of the 1940 Act;</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)"Declaration of Trust" shall mean this Amended and Restated

Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended or restated from time to time;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)<u>"Delaware Act" refers to Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del. C.</u>

<u><u>§</u><u>3801 et. seq. (as amended and in effect from time to time);</u></u>

(f)"Interested Person" shall have the meaning given it in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act;

(g)"Investment Adviser" or "Adviser" means a party furnishing services to the Trust pursuant to any contract described in Article IV, Section 6(a) hereof;

(h)"1940 Act" refers to the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules and Regulations thereunder, all as amended from time to time. References herein to specific sections of the 1940 Act shall be deemed to include such Rules and Regulations as are applicable to such sections as determined by the Trustees or their designees;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)<u>"Original Declaration of Trust" shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Declaration of Trust;</u>

(j)"Principal Underwriter" shall have the respective meanings given it in Section 2(a)(7) and Section (2)(a)(29) of the 1940 Act;

(k)"Prior Declaration of Trust" refers to the original Declaration of Trust and the Amended Declaration of Trust, each as from time to time in effect prior to the date hereof;

(l)"Person" means and includes individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, foundations, plans, associations, joint ventures, estates and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof, whether domestic or foreign;

(m)"Series" refers to each Series of Shares referenced in, or established under or in accordance with, the provisions of Article III.

(n)<u>"Shareholder" means a record owner of outstanding Shares;</u>

(o)"Shares" means the shares of beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided from time to time and includes fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares;

107932, v0.8 2

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

![](gsefkuukthu0brlnec3ex.jpg)

(p)<u>"Trust" shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Declaration of Trust;</u>

(q)"Trustees" or "Board of Trustees" refers <u>to the persons who have signed</u>

<u>this</u> <u>Declaration of Trust</u> and all other persons who <u>were or</u> may from time <u>to time be duly elected or appointed to serve on the Board of</u>

<u>Trustees in accordance with the provisions hereof</u> or of the Prior <u>Declaration of Trust, so long as they continue in office in accordance with the terms hereof and reference herein to a Trustee or the Trustees shall refer to such person or persons in</u>

<u>their capacity as trustees hereunder;</u> and

<u>(r)</u><u>"Trust Property" means any and all property, real or</u>

<u>personal, tangible or intangible, which is owned or held by or for the account of the Trust<u>.</u></u>

ARTICLE II.

Purpose of Trust

The purpose of the Trust is to conduct, operate and carry on the business of a management investment company registered under the 1940 Act through one or more Series investing primarily in securities.

ARTICLE III.

Shares

<u>Section 1. Division of Beneficial Interest</u>. The beneficial interest in the Trust shall at all times be divided into an unlimited number of Shares, with a par value of $.001 per Share unless the Trustees shall designate another par value in connection with the issuance of Shares or with respect to outstanding Shares as provided in Section 5 of this Article III. The Trustees may authorize the division of Shares into separate Series and the division of Series into separate classes of Shares. The different Series shall be established and designated, and the variations in the relative rights and preferences as between the different Series shall be fixed and determined, by the Trustees. If no Series shall be established or if only one Series shall be established, the Shares shall have the rights and preferences provided for herein and in Article III, Section 6 hereof to the extent relevant and not otherwise provided for herein.

Subject to the provisions of Section 6 of this Article III, each Share shall have voting rights as provided in Article V hereof, and holders of the Shares of any Series shall be entitled to receive dividends, when, if and as declared with respect thereto in the manner provided in Article VI, Section 1 hereof. No Share shall have any priority or preference over any other Share of the same Series with respect to dividends or distributions of the Trust or otherwise. All dividends and distributions shall be made ratably among all Shareholders of a Series (or class) from the assets held with respect to such Series according to the number of Shares of such Series (or

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class) held of record by such Shareholders on the record date for any dividend or distribution. Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust or any Series. The Trustees may from time to time divide or combine the Shares of a Series into a greater or lesser number of Shares of such Series without thereby materially changing the proportionate beneficial interest of such Shares in the assets held with respect to that Series or materially affecting the rights of Shares of any other Series.

All references to Shares in this Declaration of Trust shall be deemed to be Shares of the Trust and of any or all Series or classes thereof, as the context may require. All provisions herein relating to the Trust shall apply equally to each Series of the Trust and each class thereof, except as the context otherwise requires.

All Shares issued hereunder, including Shares issued in connection with a dividend in Shares or a split or reverse split of Shares, shall be fully paid and non-assessable.

<u>Section 2. Ownership of Shares</u>. The ownership of Shares shall be recorded on the books of the Trust or a transfer or similar agent for the Trust, which books shall be maintained separately for the Shares of each Series (and class). No certificates evidencing the ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the Board of Trustees may otherwise determine from time to time. The Trustees may make such rules as they consider appropriate for the transfer of Shares of each Series (and class) and similar matters. The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust or any transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, shall be conclusive as to the identity of the Shareholders of each Series (and class) and as to the number of Shares of each Series (and class) held from time to time by each Shareholder.

<u>Section 3. Investments in the Trust</u>. Investments may be accepted by the Trust from such Persons, at such times, on such terms, and for such consideration as the Trustees from time to time may authorize. Each investment shall be credited to the Shareholder's account in the form of full and fractional Shares of the Trust, in such Series (or class) as the purchaser shall select, at the net asset value per Share next determined for such Series (or class) after receipt of the investment; provided, however, that the Trustees may, in their sole discretion, impose a sales charge or reimbursement fee upon investments in the Trust.

<u>Section 4. Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal Liability</u>. Shares shall be deemed to be personal property giving only the rights provided in this Declaration of Trust and the By-Laws of the Trust. Every Shareholder by virtue of having become a Shareholder shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms hereof. The death, incapacity, dissolution, termination or bankruptcy of a Shareholder during the existence of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the Trust, nor entitle the representative of any such Shareholder to an accounting or to take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but shall entitle such representative only to the rights of such Shareholder under this Declaration of Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle a Shareholder to any title in or to the whole or any part of the Trust Property or right to call for a partition or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the ownership of Shares constitute the Shareholders as partners or joint venturers. Neither the Trust nor the Trustees, nor any officer, employee nor agent of the Trust shall have any power

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to bind personally any Shareholder, or to call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or assessment whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time agree to pay.

<u>Section 5. Power of Board of Trustees to Change Provisions Relating to Shares</u>. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Declaration of Trust to the contrary, and without limiting the power of the Board of Trustees to amend the Declaration of Trust as provided elsewhere herein, the Board of Trustees shall have the power to amend this Declaration of Trust, at any time and from time to time, in such manner as the Board of Trustees may determine in their sole discretion, without the need for Shareholder action, so as to add to, delete, replace or otherwise modify any provisions relating to the Shares contained in this Declaration of Trust, provided that before adopting any such amendment without Shareholder approval the Board of Trustees shall determine that it is consistent with the fair and equitable treatment of all Shareholders and that Shareholder approval is not required by the 1940 Act or other applicable federal law. If Shares have been issued, Shareholder approval shall be required to adopt any amendments to this Declaration of Trust which would adversely affect to a material degree the rights and preferences of the Shares of any Series (or class) or to increase or decrease the par value of the Shares of any Series (or class).

<u>Section 6. Establishment and Designation of Shares</u>. The Series and classes of Shares existing as of the date of this Declaration of Trust are those Series and classes that have been established under the Prior Declaration of Trust and not heretofore terminated which are indicated on Schedule A attached hereto and made a part hereof ("Schedule A"). The establishment of any additional Series (or class) of Shares shall be effective upon the adoption by the Trustees of a resolution that sets forth the designation of, or otherwise identifies, such Series (or class), whether directly in such resolution or by reference to, or approval of, another document that sets forth the designation of, or otherwise identifies, such Series (or class) including any registration statement of the Trust or such Series (or class), any amendment and/or restatement of this Declaration of Trust and/or Schedule A or as otherwise provided in such resolution. Upon the establishment of any additional Series (or class) of Shares or the termination of any existing Series (or class) of Shares, Schedule A shall be amended to reflect the addition or termination of such Series (or class) and any officer of the Trust is hereby authorized to make such amendment; provided that amendment of Schedule A shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment or termination of any Series (or class) in accordance with this Declaration of Trust. The relative rights and preferences of the Shares of the Trust and each Series and each class thereof shall be as set forth herein and as set forth in any registration statement relating thereto, unless otherwise provided in the resolution establishing such Series or class.

Shares of each Series (or class) established pursuant to this Section 6, unless otherwise provided in the resolution establishing such Series (or class) or in any registration statement relating thereto, shall have the following relative rights and preferences:

(a)<u>Assets Held with Respect to a Particular Series</u>. All consideration received by the Trust for the issue or sale of Shares of a Series, including dividends and distributions paid by, and

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reinvested in, such Series, together with all assets in which such consideration is invested or reinvested, all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof from whatever source derived, including any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the same may be, shall irrevocably be held with respect to that Series for all purposes, and shall be so recorded upon the books of account of the Trust. Such consideration, assets, income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, from whatever source derived, including any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds, in whatever form the same may be, are herein referred to as "assets held with respect to" that Series. In the event that there are any assets, income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, funds or payments that are not readily identifiable as assets held with respect to the Trust or any particular Series (collectively "General Assets"), the Trustees shall allocate such General Assets to, between or among the Trust and/or any one or more of the Series in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees, in their sole discretion, deem fair and equitable, and any General Asset so allocated to a particular Series shall be held with respect to that Series. Each such allocation by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all Series for all purposes in absence of manifest error.

(b)<u>Liabilities Held with Respect to a Particular Series</u>. The assets of the Trust held with respect to each Series shall be charged with the liabilities of the Trust with respect to such Series and all expenses, costs, charges and reserves attributable to such Series, and any general liabilities of the Trust that are not readily identifiable as being held in respect of a Series shall be allocated and charged by the Trustees to and among the Trust and/or any one or more Series in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion deem fair and equitable. The liabilities, expenses, costs, charges, and reserves so charged to a Series are herein referred to as "liabilities held with respect to" that Series. Each allocation of liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and reserves by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all Series for all purposes in absence of manifest error. All liabilities held with respect to a particular Series shall be enforceable against the assets held with respect to such Series only and not against the assets of the Trust generally or against the assets held with respect to any other Series and, except as otherwise provided in this Declaration of Trust, none of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to the Trust generally or any other Series thereof shall be enforceable against the assets of such Series. As and to the extent provided in Section 3804(a) of the Delaware Act, separate and distinct records shall be maintained for each Series and the assets held with respect to each Series shall be held in such separate and distinct records (directly or indirectly, including through a nominee or otherwise) and accounted for in such separate and distinct records separately from the assets held with respect to all other Series and the General Assets of the Trust not allocated to such Series. Notice of this limitation on inter-Series liabilities shall be set forth in the certificate of trust of the Trust (whether originally or by amendment).

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(c)<u>Dividends, Distributions, Redemptions, and Repurchases</u>. No dividend or distribution including any distribution paid in connection with termination of the Trust or of any Series (or class) with respect to, or any redemption or repurchase of, the Shares of any Series (or class) shall be effected by the Trust other than from the assets held with respect to such Series, nor shall any Shareholder of any Series otherwise have any right or claim against the assets held with respect to any other Series except to the extent that such Shareholder has such a right or claim hereunder as a Shareholder of such other Series. The Trustees shall have full discretion to determine which items shall be treated as income and which items as capital; and each such determination and allocation shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders in absence of manifest error.

(d)<u>Voting</u>. All Shares entitled to vote on a matter shall vote without differentiation between the separate Series on a one-vote-per-each dollar (and a fractional vote for each fractional dollar) of the net asset value of each Share (including fractional shares) basis; provided however, if a matter to be voted on affects only the interests of one or more but not all Series (or one or more but not all of a class of a Series), then only the Shareholders of such affected Series (or class) shall be entitled to vote on the matter.

(e)<u>Equality</u>. All the Shares of each Series shall represent an equal proportionate undivided interest in the assets held with respect to such Series (subject to the liabilities of such Series and such rights and preferences as may have been established and designated with respect to classes of Shares within such Series), and each Share of a Series shall be equal to each other Share of such Series.

(f)<u>Fractions</u>. Any fractional Share of a Series shall have proportionately all the rights and obligations of a whole share of such Series, including rights with respect to voting, receipt of dividends and distributions and redemption of Shares.

(g)<u>Exchange Privilege</u>. The Trustees shall have the authority to provide that the

Shareholders of any Series shall have the right to exchange such Shares for Shares of one or more other Series in accordance with such requirements and procedures as may be established by the Trustees.

(h)<u>Combination of Series</u>. The Trustees shall have the authority, without the approval of the Shareholders of any Series unless otherwise required by applicable federal law, to combine the assets and liabilities held with respect to any two or more Series into assets and liabilities held with respect to a single Series.

(i)<u>Elimination of Series</u>. At any time that there are no Shares outstanding of a Series (or class), the Trustees may abolish such Series (or class).

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ARTICLE IV.

The Board of Trustees

<u>Section 1. Number, Election and Tenure</u>. The number of Trustees constituting the Board of Trustees shall be fixed from time to time by a written instrument signed, or by resolution approved at a duly constituted meeting, by a majority of the Board of Trustees, provided, however, that the number of Trustees shall at all times be at least one (1). Subject to the requirements of Section 16(a) of the 1940 Act, the Board of Trustees, by action of a majority of the then Trustees at a duly constituted meeting, may fill vacancies in the Board of Trustees and remove Trustees with or without cause. Each Trustee shall serve during the continued lifetime of the Trust until he or she dies, resigns, is declared bankrupt or incompetent by a court of competent jurisdiction, or is removed. Any Trustee may resign at any time by written instrument signed by him and delivered to any officer of the Trust or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee resigning and no Trustee removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages or other payment on account of such removal. Any Trustee may be removed at any meeting of Shareholders by a vote of two-thirds of the total combined net asset value of all Shares of the Trust issued and outstanding. A meeting of Shareholders for the purpose of electing or removing one or more Trustees may be called (i) by the Trustees upon their own vote, or (ii) upon the demand of Shareholders owning 10% or more of the Shares entitled to vote.

<u>Section 2. Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee</u>. The death, declination, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of one or more Trustees, or all of them, shall not operate to annul the Trust or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration of Trust. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is filled as provided in Article IV, Section 1, the Trustees in office, regardless of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this Declaration of Trust.

<u>Section 3. Powers</u>. Subject to the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the business of the Trust shall be managed by the Board of Trustees, and such Board of Trustees shall have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility including the power to engage in transactions of all kinds on behalf of the Trust. Trustees, in all instances, shall act as principals and are and shall be free from the control of the Shareholders. The Trustees shall have full power and authority to do any and all acts and to make and execute any and all contracts, documents and instruments that they may consider desirable, necessary or appropriate in connection with the administration of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may: adopt, amend and repeal By-Laws not inconsistent with this Declaration of Trust providing for the regulation and management of the affairs of the Trust; elect and remove such officers and appoint and terminate such agents as they consider appropriate; appoint from their own number and establish and terminate one or more committees consisting of one or more Trustees who may exercise the powers and authority of the Board of Trustees to the extent that the Trustees

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determine; employ one or more custodians of the assets of the Trust and may authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to deposit all or any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities or with a Federal Reserve Bank, retain a transfer agent or a shareholder servicing agent, or both; provide for the issuance and distribution of Shares by the Trust directly or through one or more Principal Underwriters or otherwise; redeem, repurchase and transfer Shares pursuant to applicable federal law; set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to various matters; declare and pay dividends and distributions to Shareholders of each Series from the assets of such Series; establish from time to time, in accordance with the provisions of Article III, Section 6 hereof, any Series of Shares, each such Series to operate as a separate and distinct investment medium and with separately defined investment objectives and policies and distinct investment purpose; and in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any such custodian, transfer or shareholder servicing agent, Investment Adviser or Principal Underwriter. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Trustees.

Without limiting the foregoing, the Trust shall have power and authority:

(a)To invest and reinvest cash and cash items, to hold cash uninvested, and to subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in, purchase or otherwise acquire, own, hold, pledge, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, distribute, write options on, lend or otherwise deal in or dispose of contracts for the future acquisition or delivery of all types of securities, futures contracts and options thereon, and forward currency contracts of every nature and kind, including all types of bonds, debentures, stocks, preferred stocks, negotiable or non-negotiable instruments, obligations, evidences of indebtedness, certificates of deposit or indebtedness, commercial paper, repurchase agreements, bankers' acceptances, and other securities of any kind, issued, created, guaranteed, or sponsored by any and all Persons, including states, territories, and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, any foreign government or any political subdivision of the U.S. Government or any foreign government, or any international instrumentality or organization, or by any bank or savings institution, or by any corporation or organization organized under the laws of the United States or of any state, territory, or possession thereof, or by any corporation or organization organized under any foreign law, or in "when issued" contracts for any such securities, futures contracts and options thereon, and forward currency contracts, to change the investments of the assets of the Trust; and to exercise any and all rights, powers, and privileges of ownership or interest in respect of any and all such investments of every kind and description, including the right to consent and otherwise act with respect thereto, with power to designate one or more Persons, to exercise any of said rights, powers, and privileges in respect of any of said instruments;

(b)To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, lease, or write options with respect to or otherwise deal in any property rights relating to any or all of the assets of the Trust or any Series;

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(c)To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with respect to stock or other securities or property; and to execute and deliver proxies or powers of attorney to such person or persons as the Trustees shall deem proper, granting to such person or persons such power and discretion with relation to securities or property as the Trustees shall deem proper;

(d)To exercise powers and right of subscription or otherwise which in any manner arise out of ownership of securities;

(e)To hold any security or property in a form not indicating that it is trust property, whether in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form, or in its own name or in the name of a custodian or subcustodian or a nominee or nominees or otherwise or to authorize the custodian or a subcustodian or a nominee or nominees to deposit the same in a securities depository, subject in each case to the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act;

(f)To consent to, or participate in, any plan for the reorganization, consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer of any security which is held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase or sale of property by such corporation or issuer; and to pay calls or subscriptions with respect to any security held in the Trust;

(g)To join with other security holders in acting through a committee, depository, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit any security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee, depository or trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority with relation to any security (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the Trustees shall deem proper, and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the expenses and compensation of such committee, depository or trustee as the Trustees shall deem proper;

(h)To litigate, compromise, arbitrate, settle or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or against the Trust or a Series, or any matter in controversy, including but not limited to claims for taxes;

(i)To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and any other combinations or associations;

(j)To borrow funds or other property in the name of the Trust or Series exclusively for Trust (or such Series) purposes;

(k)To endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or other obligations of any Person; to make contracts of guaranty or suretyship, or otherwise assume liability for payment thereof;

(l)To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust Property such insurance as the Trustees may deem necessary, desirable or appropriate for the conduct of the business, including insurance policies insuring the assets of the Trust or payment of distributions and principal on its portfolio investments, and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees, agents, Investment Adviser, principal underwriters, or independent contractors of the Trust, individually against all claims and liabilities of every nature arising by reason of holding Shares, holding, being or having held any such office or position, or by reason of any action

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alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such Person as Trustee, officer, employee, agent, Investment Adviser, Principal Underwriter, or independent contractor, including any action taken or omitted that may be determined to constitute negligence, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such Person against liability;

(m)To adopt, establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing, share bonus, share purchase, savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans, trusts and provisions, including the purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as a means of providing such retirement and other benefits, for any or all of the Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust; and

(n)Subject to the 1940 Act, to engage in any other lawful act or activity in which a statutory trust organized under the Delaware Act may engage.

The Trust shall not be limited to investing in obligations maturing before the possible termination of the Trust or one or more of its Series. The Trust shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present or future law or custom in regard to investment by fiduciaries. The Trust shall not be required to obtain any court order to deal with any assets of the Trust or take any other action hereunder.

<u>Section 4. Payment of Expenses by the Trust</u>. Subject to the provisions of Article III, Section 6(b), the Trustees are authorized to pay or cause to be paid out of the principal or income of the Trust or Series, or partly out of the principal and partly out of income, and to charge or allocate the same to, between or among such one or more of the Series that may be established or designated pursuant to Article III, Section 6, all expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in connection with the Trust or Series, or in connection with the management thereof, including, but not limited to, the Trustees' compensation and such expenses and charges for the services of the Trust's officers, employees, Investment Adviser, Principal Underwriter, auditors, counsel, custodian, transfer agent, Shareholder servicing agent, and such other agents or independent contractors and such other expenses and charges as the Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur.

<u>Section 5. Ownership of Assets of the Trust</u>. Title to all of the assets of the Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trust, except that the Trustees shall have power to cause legal title to any Trust Property to be held by or in the name of one or more of the Trustees, or in the name of the Trust, or in the name of any other Person as nominee, on such terms as the Trustees may determine. Upon the resignation, incompetency, bankruptcy, removal, or death of a Trustee he or she shall automatically cease to have any such title in any of the Trust Property, and the title of such Trustee in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. Such vesting and cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have been executed and delivered. The Trustees may determine that the Trust or the Trustees, acting for and on behalf of the Trust, shall be deemed to hold beneficial ownership of any income earned on the securities owned by the Trust, whether domestic or foreign.

<u>Section 6. Service Contracts</u>.

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(a)The Trustees may, at any time and from time to time, contract for exclusive or nonexclusive advisory, management and/or administrative services for the Trust or for any Series with any Person; and any such contract may contain such other terms as the Trustees may determine, including authority for the Investment Adviser to determine from time to time without prior consultation with the Trustees what investments shall be purchased, held, sold or exchanged and what portion, if any, of the assets of the Trust shall be held uninvested and to make changes in the Trust's investments, and such other responsibilities as may specifically be delegated to such Person.

(b)The Trustees may also, at any time and from time to time, contract with any Persons, appointing such Persons exclusive or nonexclusive distributor or Principal Underwriter for the Shares of one or more of the Series or other securities to be issued by the Trust. Every such contract may contain such other terms as the Trustees may determine.

(c)The Trustees are also empowered, at any time and from time to time, to contract with any Persons, appointing such Person(s) to serve as custodian(s), transfer agent and/or shareholder servicing agent for the Trust or one or more of its Series. Every such contract shall comply with such terms as may be required by the Trustees.

(d)The Trustees are further empowered, at any time and from time to time, to contract with any Persons to provide such other services to the Trust or one or more of the Series, as the Trustees determine to be in the best interests of the Trust and the applicable Series.

(e)The fact that:

(i)any of the Shareholders, Trustees, or officers of the Trust is a shareholder, director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, Investment Adviser, Principal Underwriter, distributor, or affiliate or agent of or for any Person with which an advisory, management or administration contract, or Principal Underwriter's or distributor's contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other type of service contract may be made, or that

(ii)any Person with which an advisory, management or administration contract or Principal Underwriter's or distributor's contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other type of service contract may be made also has an advisory, management or administration contract, or principal underwriter's or distributor's contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other service contract, or has other business or interests with any other Person,

shall not affect the validity of any such contract or disqualify any Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust from voting upon or executing the same, or create any liability or accountability to the Trust or its Shareholders, provided approval of each such contract is made pursuant to the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act.

ARTICLE V.

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Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings

Subject to the provisions of Article III, Sections 5 and 6(d), the Shareholders shall have right to vote only (i) for the election or removal of Trustees as provided in Article IV, Section 1, and (ii) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act, including Section 16(a) thereof, and (iii) on such other matters as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable. Provisions relating to meetings, quorum, required vote, record date and other matters relating to Shareholder voting rights are as provided in the By-Laws.

ARTICLE VI.

Net Asset Value, Distributions, and Redemptions

<u>Section 1. Determination of Net Asset Value, Net Income, and Distributions</u>. Subject to Article III, Section 6 hereof, the Trustees, in their absolute discretion, may prescribe and shall set forth in the By-Laws or in a duly adopted resolution of the Trustees such bases and time for determining the per Share net asset value of the Shares of the Trust or any Series (or class) and the declaration and payment of dividends and distributions on the Shares of the Trust or any Series (or class), as they may deem necessary or desirable.

<u>Section 2. Redemptions and Repurchases</u>. The Trust shall purchase such Shares as are offered by any Shareholder for redemption, upon receipt by the Trust or a Person designated by the Trust that the Trust redeem such Shares or in accordance with such procedures for redemption as the Trustees may from time to time authorize; and the Trust will pay therefor the net asset value thereof, in accordance with the By-Laws and the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act. Payment for said Shares shall be made by the Trust to the Shareholder within seven days after the date on which the request for redemption is received in proper form. The obligation set forth in this Section 2 is subject to the provision that in the event that any time the New York Stock Exchange (the "Exchange") is closed for other than weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the Rules of the Commission during periods when trading on the Exchange is restricted or during any emergency which makes it impracticable for the Trust to dispose of the investments of the applicable Series or to determine fairly the value of the net assets held with respect to such Series or during any other period permitted by order of the Commission for the protection of investors, such obligations may be suspended or postponed by the Trustees.

The redemption price may in any case or cases be paid in cash or wholly or partly in kind in accordance with Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act if the Trustees determine that such payment is advisable in the interest of the remaining Shareholders of the Series of which the Shares are being redeemed. Subject to the foregoing, the selection and quantity of securities or other property so paid or delivered as all or part of the redemption price shall be determined by or under authority of the Trustees. In no case shall the Trust be liable for any delay of any corporation or other Person in transferring securities selected for delivery as all or part of any payment in kind.

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<u>Section 3. Redemptions at the Option of the Trust</u>. The Trust shall have the right, at its option, upon 30 days notice to the affected Shareholder at any time to redeem Shares of any Shareholder at the net asset value thereof as described in Section 1 of this Article VI: (i) if at such time such Shareholder owns Shares of any Series having an aggregate net asset value of less than a minimum value determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (ii) to the extent that such Shareholder owns Shares of a Series equal to or in excess of a maximum percentage of the outstanding Shares of such Series determined from time to time by the Trustees; or (iii) to the extent that such Shareholder owns Shares equal to or in excess of a maximum percentage, determined from time to time by the Trustees, of the outstanding Shares of the Trust.

<u>Section 4. Transfer of Shares</u>. The Trust shall transfer shares held of record by any Person to any other Person upon receipt by the Trust or a Person designated by the Trust of a written request therefore in such form and pursuant to such procedures as may be approved by the Trustees.

ARTICLE VII.

Compensation and Limitation of Liability

<u>Section 1. Compensation of Trustees</u>. Any Trustee, whether or not he is a salaried officer or employee of the Trust, may be compensated for his services as Trustee or as a member of a committee of Trustees, or as chairman of a committee by fixed periodic payments or by fees for attendance at meetings, by both or otherwise, and in addition may be reimbursed for transportation and other expenses, all in such manner and amounts as the Board of Trustees may from time to time determine. Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any Trustee to provide advisory, management, legal, accounting, investment banking or other services to the Trust and to be specially compensated for such services by the Trust.

<u>Section 2. Limitation of Liability and Indemnification</u>. A Trustee, when acting in such capacity, shall not be personally liable to any Person, other than the Trust or a Shareholder to the extent provided in this Article VII, for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust, of such Trustee or of any other Trustee. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrong-doing of any officer, agent, employee, Investment Adviser or Principal Underwriter of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee, and, subject to the provisions of the By-Laws, the Trust out of its assets may indemnify and hold harmless each and every Trustee and officer of the Trust from and against any and all claims, demands, costs, losses, expenses, and damages whatsoever arising out of or related to such Trustee's or officer's performance of his or her duties as a Trustee or officer of the Trust.

Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in or with respect to their or his or her capacity as Trustees or Trustee, and such Trustees or Trustee shall not be personally liable thereon.

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<u>Section 3. Trustee's Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety</u>. The exercise by the Trustees of their powers hereunder shall be binding upon everyone interested in or dealing with the Trust. A Trustee shall be liable to the Trust and to any Shareholder solely for his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust, and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such advice nor for failing to follow such advice. The Trustees shall not be required to give any bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is required.

<u>Section 4. Insurance</u>. The Trustees shall be entitled and empowered to the fullest extent permitted by law to purchase with Trust assets insurance for liability and for all expenses reasonably incurred or paid or expected to be paid by a Trustee or officer in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he or she becomes involved by virtue of his or her capacity or former capacity with the Trust, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of this Article.

ARTICLE VIII.

Miscellaneous

<u>Section 1. Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees</u>. No Person dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction made or to be made by the Trustees or to see to the application of any payments made or property transferred to the Trust or upon its order.

<u>Section 2. Termination of the Trust or Any Series</u>. Unless terminated as provided herein, the Trust shall continue without limitation of time. The Trust may be dissolved at any time by the Trustees upon 60 days prior written notice to the Shareholders. Any Series of Shares may be dissolved at any time by the Trustees upon 60 days prior written notice to the Shareholders of such Series. Any action to dissolve the Trust shall be deemed to also be an action to dissolve each Series and each class thereof.

In accordance with Section 3808 of the Delaware Act, upon dissolution of the Trust or any Series, as the case may be, after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and liabilities held, severally, with respect to each Series or the applicable Series, as the case may be, whether due or accrued or anticipated as may be determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall, in accordance with such procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate, reduce the remaining assets held, severally, with respect to each Series or the applicable Series, as the case may be, to distributable form in cash or shares or other securities, and any combination thereof, and distribute the proceeds held with respect to each Series or the applicable Series, as the case may be, to the Shareholders of that Series, as a Series, ratably according to the number of Shares of that Series held by the several Shareholders on the date of termination.

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<u>Section 3. Reorganization and Master/Feeder</u>.

(b)Pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Section 3815(f) of the Delaware Act, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Declaration of Trust, an agreement of merger or consolidation approved by the Trustees in accordance with this Section 3 may effect any amendment to this Declaration of Trust or effect the adoption of a new governing

107932, v0.8 16

instrument of the Trust if the Trust is the surviving or resulting entity in the merger or consolidation.

(c)Notwithstanding anything else herein, the Trustees may, without Shareholder approval unless such approval is required by the 1940 Act, invest all or a portion of the Trust Property of any Series, or dispose of all or a portion of the Trust Property of any Series, and invest the proceeds of such disposition in interests issued by one or more other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. Any such other investment company may (but need not) be a trust (formed under the laws of the State of Delaware or any other state or jurisdiction) (or subtrust thereof) which is classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. Notwithstanding anything else herein, the Trustees may, without Shareholder approval unless such approval is required by the 1940 Act, cause a Series that is organized in the master/feeder fund structure to withdraw or redeem its Trust Property from the master fund and cause such Series to invest its Trust Property directly in securities and other financial instruments or in another master fund.

<u>Section 4. Amendments</u>. Subject to the provisions of Section 5 of Article III relating to the requirement of Shareholder approval for certain amendments to this Declaration of Trust or requirements for certain determinations by the Board of Trustees for certain amendments hereto without Shareholder approval and any requirements under the 1940 Act requiring Shareholder approval of an amendment to this Declaration of Trust, the Trustees may, without any Shareholder vote or approval, amend this Declaration of Trust by making an amendment to this Declaration of Trust (including Schedule A), an agreement supplemental hereto, or an amended and restated trust instrument. Unless otherwise provided by the Trustees, any such amendment will be effective (i) upon the adoption by a majority of the Trustees then holding office of a resolution specifying the amendment, supplemental agreement or amendment and restatement or (ii) upon the execution in writing of an instrument signed by a majority of the Trustees then holding office specifying the amendment, supplemental agreement or amended and restated trust instrument. A certification signed by an officer of the Trust setting forth an amendment to this Declaration of Trust and reciting that it was duly adopted by the Trustees as aforesaid, or a copy of the instrument referenced above executed by the Trustees as aforesaid, shall be conclusive evidence of such amendment when lodged among the records of the Trust. The certificate of trust of the Trust may be restated and/or amended by any Trustee as necessary or desirable to reflect any change in the information set forth therein, and any such restatement and/or amendment shall be effective immediately upon filing with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or upon such future date as may be stated therein.

<u>Section 5. Filing of Copies, References, Headings</u>. The original or a copy of this Declaration of Trust shall be kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. Anyone dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer of the Trust as to any matters in connection with the Trust hereunder; and, with the same effect as if it were the original, may rely on a copy certified by an officer of the Trust to be a copy of this Declaration of Trust. In this Declaration of Trust, references to this Declaration of Trust, and all expressions like "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder," shall be deemed to refer to this Declaration of Trust. Headings are placed herein for convenience of reference only and shall not be taken as

107932, v0.8 17

a part hereof or control or affect the meaning, construction or effect of this Declaration of Trust. Whenever the singular number is used herein, the same shall include the plural; and the neuter, masculine and feminine genders shall include each other, as applicable. This Declaration of Trust may be executed in any number of counterparts each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, (i) any document, consent, instrument or notice referenced in or contemplated by this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws that is to be executed by one or more Trustees may be executed by means of original, facsimile or electronic signature and (ii) any document, consent, instrument or notice referenced in or contemplated by this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws that is to be delivered by one or more Trustees may be delivered by facsimile or electronic means (including e-mail), unless, in the case of either clause (i) or (ii), otherwise expressly provided herein or in the By-Laws or determined by the Trustees. The terms "include," "includes" and "including" and any comparable terms shall be deemed to mean "including, without limitation."

<u>Section 6. Applicable Law</u>. This Agreement and Declaration of Trust is created under and is to be governed by and construed and administered according to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Delaware Act. The Trust shall be a Delaware statutory trust pursuant to the Delaware Act, and without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily exercised by such a statutory trust.

<u>Section 7. Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations</u>.

(a)The provisions of the Declaration of Trust are severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any of such provisions is in conflict with the 1940 Act, the regulated investment company provisions of the Internal Revenue Code or with other applicable federal laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of the Declaration of Trust; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of the Declaration of Trust or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination.

(b)If any provision of the Declaration of Trust shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of the Declaration of Trust in any jurisdiction.

<u>Section 8. Statutory Trust Only</u>. It is the intention of the Trustees to create a statutory trust pursuant to the Delaware Act, and thereby to create only the relationship of trustee and beneficial owners within the meaning of such Act between the Trustees and each Shareholder. It is not the intention of the Trustees to create a general partnership, limited partnership, joint stock association, corporation, bailment, joint venture, or any form of legal relationship other than a statutory trust pursuant to the Delaware Act. Nothing in this Declaration of Trust shall be construed to make the Shareholders, either by themselves or with the Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock association.

<u>Section 9. Use of the Name "The Vanguard Group, Inc."</u>. The name "The

107932, v0.8 18

Vanguard Group, Inc." and any variants thereof and all rights to the use of the name "The Vanguard Group, Inc." or any variants thereof shall be the sole and exclusive property of The Vanguard Group, Inc. ("VGI"). VGI has permitted the use by the Trust of the identifying word "Vanguard" and the use of the name "Vanguard" as part of the name of the Trust and the name of any Series of Shares. Upon the Trust's withdrawal from the Amended and Restated Funds' Service Agreement among the Trust, the other investment companies within the Vanguard Group of Investment Companies and VGI, and upon the written request of VGI, the Trust and any Series of Shares thereof shall cease to use or in any way to refer to itself as related to "The Vanguard Group, Inc." or any variant thereof.

<u>Section 10. Derivative Actions</u>. In addition to the requirements set forth in Section 3816 of the Delaware Act, a Shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)The Shareholder or Shareholders must make a pre- suit demand upon the Trustees to bring the subject action unless an effort to cause the Trustees to bring such an action is not likely to succeed. For purposes of this Section 10(a), a demand on the Trustees shall only be deemed not likely to succeed and therefore excused if a majority of the Board of Trustees, or a majority of any committee established to consider the merits of such action, is composed of Trustees who are not "independent trustees" (as that term is defined in the Delaware Act).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a)

of this Section 10, Shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under the Delaware Act who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares of the Trust, or who collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding Shares of the Series or class to which such action relates, shall join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Unless a demand is not required under paragraph (a)

of this Section 10, the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such Shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trustees shall be entitled to retain counsel or other advisors in considering the merits of the request and shall require an undertaking by the Shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisors in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

107932, v0.8 19

SCHEDULE A

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;VANGUARD STAR FUNDS | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;VANGUARD STAR FUNDS |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SERIES AND CLASSES OF THE TRUST | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SERIES AND CLASSES OF THE TRUST |
| SERIES | CLASSES |
| Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Institutional Developed Markets Index Fund | Institutional |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard STAR Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund | Investor |

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107932, v0.8

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>**TABLE OF CONTENTS**</u> |  |
|  |  | <u>Page</u> |
| ARTICLE I. Name and Definitions................................................................................. | ARTICLE I. Name and Definitions................................................................................. | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 1. | Name ................................................................................................ | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 2. | Definitions........................................................................................ | 1 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) | Amended Declaration of Trust.................................................................. | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) | By-Laws.................................................................................................... | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) | Commission .............................................................................................. | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) | Declaration of Trust .................................................................................. | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) | Delaware Act ............................................................................................ | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) | Interested Person....................................................................................... | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) | Investment Adviser or Adviser ................................................................. | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) | 1940 Act.................................................................................................... | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) | Original Declaration of Trust.................................................................... | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) | Principal Underwriter................................................................................ | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) | Prior Declaration of Trust ......................................................................... | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) | Person........................................................................................................ | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) | Series......................................................................................................... | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n) | Shareholder ............................................................................................... | 2 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) | Shares........................................................................................................ | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(p) | Trust .......................................................................................................... | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(q) | Trustees or Board of Trustees ................................................................... | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(r) | Trust Property ........................................................................................... | 3 |
| ARTICLE II. Purpose of Trust ........................................................................................ | ARTICLE II. Purpose of Trust ........................................................................................ | 3 |
| ARTICLE III. Shares ....................................................................................................... | ARTICLE III. Shares ....................................................................................................... | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 1. | Division of Beneficial Interest ......................................................... | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 2. | Ownership of Shares ........................................................................ | 4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 3. | Investments in the Trust................................................................... | 4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 4. | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal |  |
|  | Liability.......................................................................................... | 4 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 5. | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Power of Board of Trustees to Change |  |
|  | Provisions Relating to Shares ........................................................ | 5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 6. | Establishment and Designation of Shares........................................ | 5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) | Assets Held with Respect to a Particular Series ....................................... | 6 |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Liabilities Held with Respect to a

Particular Series ...................................................................................... 6

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Dividends, Distributions, Redemptions, and

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Repurchases ............................................................................................ | 7 |
| (d) | Voting ....................................................................................................... | 7 |
| (e) | Equality..................................................................................................... | 7 |
| (f) | Fractions.................................................................................................... | 7 |
| (g) | Exchange Privilege ................................................................................... | 7 |
|  |  | 107932, v0.8 i |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) | Combination of Series............................................................................... | Combination of Series............................................................................... | 7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) | Elimination of Series................................................................................. | Elimination of Series................................................................................. | 7 |
| ARTICLE IV. The Board of Trustees.............................................................................. | ARTICLE IV. The Board of Trustees.............................................................................. | ARTICLE IV. The Board of Trustees.............................................................................. | 8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 1. |  | Number, Election and Tenure .......................................................... | 8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 2. |  | Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. |  |
|  |  | of a Trustee .................................................................................... | 8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 3. |  | Powers.............................................................................................. | 8 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 4. |  | Payment of Expenses by the Trust.................................................. | 11 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 5. |  | Ownership of Assets of the Trust.................................................... | 11 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 6. |  | Service Contracts ............................................................................ | 12 |
| ARTICLE V. Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings............................................ | ARTICLE V. Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings............................................ | ARTICLE V. Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings............................................ | 13 |
| ARTICLE VI. Net Asset Value, Distributions, and Redemptions ................................. | ARTICLE VI. Net Asset Value, Distributions, and Redemptions ................................. | ARTICLE VI. Net Asset Value, Distributions, and Redemptions ................................. | 13 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 1. |  | Determination of Net Asset Value, Net |  |
|  |  | Income, and Distributions............................................................. | 13 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 2. |  | Redemptions and Repurchases ....................................................... | 13 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 3. |  | Redemptions at the Option of the Trust.......................................... | 14 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 4. |  | Transfer of Shares ........................................................................... | 14 |
| ARTICLE VII. Compensation and Limitation of Liability ............................................ | ARTICLE VII. Compensation and Limitation of Liability ............................................ | ARTICLE VII. Compensation and Limitation of Liability ............................................ | 14 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 1. |  | Compensation of Trustees............................................................... | 14 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 2. |  | Limitation of Liability and Indemnification ................................... | 14 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 3. |  | Trustee's Good Faith Action, Expert |  |
|  |  | Advice, No Bond or Surety........................................................... | 15 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 4. |  | Insurance ......................................................................................... | 15 |
| ARTICLE VIII. Miscellaneous....................................................................................... | ARTICLE VIII. Miscellaneous....................................................................................... | ARTICLE VIII. Miscellaneous....................................................................................... | 15 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 1. |  | Liability of Third Persons Dealing |  |
|  |  | with Trustees................................................................................. | 15 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 2. |  | Termination of the Trust or Any Series .......................................... | 15 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 3. |  | Reorganization and Master/Feeder ................................................. | 16 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 4. |  | Amendments ................................................................................... | 17 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 5. |  | Filing of Copies, References, Headings.......................................... | 18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 6. |  | Applicable Law............................................................................... | 18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 7. |  | Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations............................. | 18 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 8. |  | Statutory Trust Only ....................................................................... | 19 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 9. |  | Use of the Name "The Vanguard Group, Inc."............................... | 19 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 10. | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Section 10. | Derivatives Actions......................................................................... | 19 |

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107932, v0.8 ii

## Ex-99

**AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT**

This Amended and Restated Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, is between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. ("Bank"), a national banking association with a place of business at 383 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10179; and each of the open-end management investment companies listed on Exhibit 1 of this Agreement, registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), organized as Delaware statutory trusts (each a "Trust"), severally and for and on behalf of certain of their respective portfolios listed on Exhibit 1 (each a "Fund"), each Trust and their respective Funds with a place of business at P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482. Each Trust for which Bank serves as custodian under this Agreement, shall individually be referred to as "Customer."

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.INTENTION OF THE PARTIES; DEFINITIONS**

**1.1<u>INTENTION OF THE PARTIES</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)This Agreement sets out the terms governing custodial, settlement and certain other associated services offered by Bank to Customer. Bank shall be responsible for the performance of only those duties that are set forth in this Agreement or expressly contained in Instructions that are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement and with Bank's operations and procedures. Customer acknowledges that Bank is not providing any legal, tax or investment advice in providing the services hereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Investing in foreign markets may be a risky enterprise. The holding of Global Assets and cash in foreign jurisdictions may involve risks of loss or other special features. Bank shall not be liable for any loss that results from the general risks of investing or Country Risk.

**1.2<u>DEFINITIONS</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)As used herein, the following terms have the meaning hereinafter stated.

"**ACCOUNT**" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement.

"**AFFILIATE**" means an entity controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, Bank.

"**AFFILIATED SUBCUSTODIAN**" means a Subcustodian that is an Affiliate.

"**APPLICABLE LAW**" means any statute, whether national, state or local, applicable in the United States or any other country, the rules of the treaty establishing the European Community, other applicable treaties, any other law, rule, regulation or interpretation of any governmental entity, any applicable common law, and any decree, injunction, judgment, order, ruling, or writ of any governmental entity.

"**AUTHORIZED PERSON**" means any person (including an investment manager or other agent) who has been designated by written notice from Customer or its designated agent to act on behalf of Customer hereunder. Such persons shall continue to be Authorized Persons until such time as Bank receives Instructions from Customer or its designated agent that any such person is no longer an Authorized Person.

"**BANK INDEMNITEES**" means Bank, its Subcustodians, and their respective nominees, directors, officers and employees.

"**BANK'S LONDON BRANCH**" means the London branch office of Bank.

"**CASH ACCOUNT**" has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a)(ii).

"**CORPORATE ACTION**" means any subscription right, bonus issue, stock repurchase plan, redemption, exchange, calls, redemptions, tender offer, recapitalization, reorganization, conversions, consolidation, subdivision, takeover offer or similar matter with respect to a Financial Asset in the Securities Account that requires discretionary action by the holder, but does not include proxy voting.

"**COUNTRY RISK**" means the risk of investing or holding assets in a particular country or market, including, but not limited to, risks arising from: nationalization, expropriation or other governmental actions; the country's financial infrastructure, including prevailing custody and settlement practices; laws applicable to the safekeeping and recovery of Financial Assets and cash held in custody; the regulation of the banking and securities industries, including changes in market rules; currency restrictions, devaluations or fluctuations; and market conditions affecting the orderly execution of securities transactions or the value of assets.

"**CUSTOMER**" means individually each Trust and their respective Funds as listed on Exhibit 1 hereto.

"**ENTITLEMENT HOLDER**" means the person named on the records of a Securities Intermediary as the person having a Securities Entitlement against the Securities Intermediary.

"**FINANCIAL ASSET**" means, as the context requires, either the asset itself or the means by which a person's claim to it is evidenced, including a Security, a security certificate, or a Securities Entitlement. "Financial Asset" includes any Global Assets but does not include cash.

"**FUND**" means each portfolio of each Trust and listed on Exhibit 1 hereto.

"**GLOBAL ASSET**" means any "Financial Asset" (a) for which the principal trading market is located outside of the United States; (b) for which presentment for payment is to be made outside of the United States; or (c) which is acquired outside of the United States.

"**INSTRUCTIONS**" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.1 of this Agreement.

"**LIABILITIES**" means any liabilities, losses, claims, costs, damages, penalties, fines, obligations, or expenses of any kind whatsoever (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys', accountants', consultants' or experts' fees and disbursements).

"**SECURITIES**" means stocks, bonds, rights, warrants and other negotiable and non-negotiable instruments, whether issued in certificated or uncertificated form, that are commonly traded or dealt in on securities exchanges or financial markets. "**Securities**" also means other obligations of an issuer, or shares, participations and interests in an issuer recognized in the country in which it is issued or dealt in as a medium for investment and any other property as may be acceptable to Bank for the Securities Account.

"**SECURITIES ACCOUNT**" means each Securities custody account on Bank's records to which Financial Assets are or may be credited pursuant hereto.

"**SECURITIES DEPOSITORY**" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1 of this Agreement.

"**SECURITIES ENTITLEMENT**" means the rights and property interest of an Entitlement Holder with respect to a Financial Asset as set forth in Part 5 of Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code of the State of New York, as the same may be amended from time to time.

**"SECURITIES INTERMEDIARY**" means Bank, a Subcustodian, a Securities Depository, and any other financial institution which in the ordinary course of business maintains custody accounts for others and acts in that capacity.

"**SUBCUSTODIAN**" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1 and includes Affiliated Subcustodians.

"**TRUST**" means each open-end investment company organized as a Delaware business trust and listed on Exhibit 1 hereto.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)All terms in the singular shall have the same meaning in the plural unless the context otherwise provides and vice versa.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2.WHAT BANK IS REQUIRED TO DO**

**2.1<u>Set Up Accounts</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank shall establish and maintain the following accounts ("Accounts"):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)a Securities Account in the name of Customer on behalf of each Fund for Financial Assets, which may be received by Bank or its Subcustodian for the account of Customer, including as an Entitlement Holder; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii)an account in the name of Customer ("Cash Account") for any and all cash in any currency received by Bank or its Subcustodian for the account of Customer.

Notwithstanding paragraph (ii), cash held in respect of those markets where Customer is required to have a cash account in its own name held directly with the relevant Subcustodian shall be held in that manner and shall not be part of the Cash Account. Bank shall notify Customer prior to the establishment of such an account.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)At the request of Customer, additional Accounts may be opened in the future, which shall be subject to the terms of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Except as precluded by Section 8-501(d) of the Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC"), Bank shall hold all Securities and other Financial Assets, other than cash, of a Fund that are delivered to it in a "securities account" with Bank for and in the name of such Fund and shall treat all such assets other than cash as "financial assets" as those terms are used in the UCC.

**2.2<u>Cash Account</u>**.

Except as otherwise provided in Instructions acceptable to Bank, all cash held in the Cash Account shall be deposited during the period it is credited to the Account in one or more deposit accounts at Bank or at Bank's London Branch. Any cash so deposited with Bank's London Branch shall be payable exclusively by Bank's London Branch in the applicable currency, subject to compliance with any Applicable Law, including, without limitation, any restrictions on transactions in the applicable currency imposed by the country of the applicable currency.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**2.3<u>Segregation of Assets; Nominee Name</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank shall identify in its records that Financial Assets credited to Customer's Securities Account belong to Customer on behalf of the relevant Fund (except as otherwise may be agreed by Bank and Customer).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)To the extent permitted by Applicable Law or market practice, Bank shall require each Subcustodian to identify in its own records that Financial Assets credited to Customer's Securities Account belong to customers of Bank, such that it is readily apparent that the Financial Assets do not belong to Bank or the Subcustodian.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Bank is authorized, in its discretion, to hold in bearer form, such Financial Assets as are customarily held in bearer form or are delivered to Bank or its Subcustodian in bearer form; and to register in the name of the Customer, Bank, a Subcustodian, a Securities Depository, or their respective nominees, such Financial Assets as are customarily held in registered form. Customer authorizes Bank or its Subcustodian to hold Financial Assets in omnibus accounts and shall accept delivery of Financial Assets of the same class and denomination as those deposited with Bank or its Subcustodian.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)Upon receipt of Instruction, Bank shall establish and maintain a segregated account or accounts for and on behalf of each Fund for purposes of segregating cash, government securities, and other assets in connection with derivative transactions entered into by a Fund or options purchased, sold or written by the Fund.

**2.4<u>Settlement of Trades</u>**.

When Bank receives an Instruction directing settlement of a trade in Financial Assets that includes all information required by Bank, Bank shall use reasonable care to effect such settlement as instructed. Settlement of purchases and sales of Financial Assets shall be conducted in accordance with prevailing standards of the market in which the transaction occurs. The risk of loss shall be Customer's whenever Bank delivers Financial Assets or payment in accordance with applicable market practice in advance of receipt or settlement of the expected consideration. In the case of the failure of Customer's counterparty to deliver the expected consideration as agreed, Bank shall contact the counterparty to seek settlement and, if the settlement is not received, notify Customer, but Bank shall not be obligated to institute legal proceedings, file proof of claim in any insolvency proceeding, or take any similar action.

**2.5<u>Contractual Settlement Date Accounting</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank shall effect book entries on a "contractual settlement date accounting" basis as described below with respect to the settlement of trades in those markets where Bank generally offers contractual settlement day accounting and shall notify Customer of these markets from time to time.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)Sales: On the settlement date for a sale, Bank shall credit the Cash Account with the sale proceeds of the sale and transfer the relevant Financial Assets to an account pending settlement of the trade if not already delivered.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii)Purchases: On the settlement date for the purchase (or earlier, if market practice requires delivery of the purchase price before the settlement date), Bank shall debit the Cash Account with the settlement monies and credit a separate account. Bank then shall post the Securities Account as awaiting receipt of the expected Financial Assets. Customer shall not be entitled to the delivery of Financial Assets that are awaiting receipt until Bank or a Subcustodian actually receives them.

![](gvmq1shci8mvby1x6kciz.jpg)

Bank reserves the right to restrict in good faith the availability of contractual day settlement accounting for credit reasons. Bank, whenever reasonably possible, will notify Customer prior to imposing such restrictions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Bank may (in its discretion) upon at least 48 hours prior oral or written notification to Customer, reverse any debit or credit made pursuant to Section 2.5(a) prior to a transaction's actual settlement, and Customer shall be responsible for any costs or liabilities resulting from such reversal. Customer acknowledges that the procedures described in this sub-section are of an administrative nature, and Bank does not undertake to make loans and/or Financial Assets available to Customer.

**2.6<u>Actual Settlement Date Accounting</u>**.

With respect to any sale or purchase transaction that is not posted to the Account on the contractual settlement date as referred to in Section 2.5, Bank shall post the transaction on the date on which the cash or Financial Assets received as consideration for the transaction is actually received by Bank.

**2.7<u>Income Collection; Autocredit</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank shall credit the Cash Account with income and redemption proceeds on Financial Assets in accordance with the times notified by Bank from time to time on or after the anticipated payment date, net of any taxes that are withheld by Bank or any third party. Where no time is specified for a particular market, income and redemption proceeds from Financial Assets shall be credited only after actual receipt and reconciliation. Bank may reverse such credits upon at least 48 hours prior oral or written notification to Customer when Bank believes that the corresponding payment shall not be received by Bank within a reasonable period or such credit was incorrect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Bank shall make reasonable endeavors in its discretion to contact appropriate parties to collect unpaid interest, dividends or redemption proceeds, but neither Bank nor its Subcustodians shall be obliged to file any formal notice of default, institute legal proceedings, file proof of claim in any insolvency proceeding, or take any similar action.

**2.8<u>Fractions / Redemptions by Lot</u>**.

In the event that, as a result of holding Financial Assets in an omnibus account, the Customer receives fractional interests in Financial Assets arising out of a corporate action or class action litigation, Bank will credit the Customer with the amount of cash the Customer would have received, as reasonably determined by Bank, had the Financial Assets not been held in an omnibus account, and the Customer shall relinquish to Bank its interest in such fractional interests. If some, but not all, of an outstanding class of Financial Asset is called for redemption, Bank may allot the amount redeemed among the respective beneficial holders of such class of Financial Asset in any manner Bank reasonably deems to be fair and equitable. Bank will promptly notify Customer of any action taken pursuant to this section.

**2.9<u>Presentation of Coupons; Certain Other Ministerial Acts</u>**. Until Bank receives Instructions to the contrary, Bank shall:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)present all Financial Assets for which Bank has received notice of a call for redemption or that have otherwise matured, and all income and interest coupons and other income items that call for payment upon presentation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)execute in the name of Customer such certificates as may be required to obtain payment in respect of Financial Assets; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)exchange interim or temporary documents of title held in the Securities Account for definitive documents of title.

**2.10<u>Corporate Actions; Class Action Litigation</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank will follow Corporate Actions through receipt of notices from issuers, from Subcustodians, Securities Depositories and notices published in industry publications and reported in reporting services. Bank will promptly notify Customer of any Corporate Action of which information is either (i) received by it or by a Subcustodian to the extent that Bank's central corporate actions department has actual knowledge of the Corporate Action in time to notify its customers in a timely manner; or (ii) published via a formal notice in publications and reporting services routinely used by Bank for this purpose in time for Bank to notify its customers in a timely manner. Any notices received by Bank's corporate actions department about U.S. settled securities class action litigation that requires action by affected owners of the underlying Financial Assets will be promptly provided to Customer if Bank, using reasonable care and diligence in the circumstances, identifies that Customer was a shareholder and held the relevant Financial Assets in custody with Bank at the relevant time. Bank will not make filings in the name of Customer in respect to such notifications except as otherwise agreed in writing between Customer and Bank.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)If an Authorized Person fails to provide Bank with timely Instructions with respect to any Corporate Action or class action, neither Bank nor its Subcustodians or their respective nominees will take any action in relation to that Corporate Action or class action, except as otherwise agreed in writing by Bank and Customer or as may be set forth by Bank as a default action in the notification it provides under Section 2.10(a) with respect to that Corporate Action or class action. If Customer provides Bank with Instructions with respect to any Corporate Action after the deadline set by Bank but before the deadline set by a Securities Depository, Bank shall use commercially reasonable efforts to act on such Instructions. If Bank fails to act on Instructions provided by Customer prior to the deadline set by Bank with respect to any Corporate Action, Bank will be liable for direct losses incurred by Customer.

**2.11<u>Proxy Voting</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank shall provide Customer or its agent with details of Securities in the Account on a daily basis ("Daily Holdings Data"), and Bank or its agent shall act in accordance with Instructions from an Authorized Person in relation to matters Customer or its agent determine in their absolute discretion are to be voted upon at meetings of holders of Financial Assets, based upon such Daily Holdings Data ("the proxy voting service"). Neither Bank nor its agent shall be under any duty to provide Customer or its agent with information which it or they receive on matters to be voted upon at meetings of holders of Financial Assets.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Bank or its agent shall act upon Instructions to vote, provided Instructions are received by Bank or its agent at its proxy voting department by the relevant deadline for such Instructions as determined by Bank or its agent. If Instructions are not received in a timely manner, neither Bank nor its agent shall be obligated to provide further notice to Customer.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)In markets where the proxy voting service is not available or where Bank has not received a duly completed enrollment form or other relevant documentation, Bank or its agent shall endeavor to act upon Instructions to vote on matters before meetings of holders of Financial Assets where it is reasonably

practicable for Bank or its agent (or its Subcustodians or nominees as the case may be) to do so and where such Instructions are received in time for Bank or its agent to take timely action.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)Customer acknowledges that the provision of the proxy voting service may be precluded or restricted under a variety of circumstances. These circumstances include, but are not limited to: (i) the Financial Assets being on loan or out for registration, (ii) the pendency of conversion or another corporate action, or (iii) Financial Assets being held at Customer's request in a name not subject to the control of Bank or its Subcustodian, in a margin or collateral account at Bank or another bank or broker, or otherwise in a manner which affects voting, local market regulations or practices, or restrictions by the issuer. Additionally, in some markets, Bank may be required to vote all shares held for a particular issue for all of Bank's customers in the same way. Bank or its agent shall inform Customer or its agent where this is the case.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)Notwithstanding the fact that Bank may act in a fiduciary capacity with respect to Customer under other agreements or otherwise hereunder, in performing the proxy voting service Bank shall be acting solely as the agent of Customer, and shall not exercise any discretion with regard to such proxy voting service or vote any proxy except when directed by an Authorized Person.

**2.12<u>Statements and Information Available</u> <u>On-Line</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank will send, or make available on-line, to Customer, at times mutually agreed, a statement of account in Bank's standard format for each Account maintained by Customer with Bank, identifying the Financial Assets and cash held in each Account. Bank also will provide to Customer, upon request, the capability to reformat the information contained in each statement of account. In addition, Bank will send, or make available on-line, to Customer an advice or notification of any transfers of cash or Financial Assets with respect to each Account. Bank will not be liable with respect to any matter set forth in those portions of any such statement of account or advice (or reasonably implied therefrom) to which Customer has not given Bank a written exception or objection within ninety days of receipt of such statement, provided such matter is not the result of Bank's willful misconduct or bad faith.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Prices and other information obtained from third parties which may be contained in any statement sent to Customer have been obtained from sources Bank believes to be reliable. Bank does not, however, make any representation as to the accuracy of such information or that the prices specified necessarily reflect the proceeds that would be received on a disposal of the relevant Financial Assets.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Customer understands that records and reports, other than statements of account, that are available to it on-line on a real-time basis may not be accurate due to mis-postings, delays in updating Account records, and other causes. Bank will not be liable for any loss or damage arising out of the inaccuracy of any such records or reports that are accessed on-line on a real-time basis.

**2.13<u>Access to Bank's Records</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank shall create and maintain all records relating to its activities and obligations under this Agreement in such manner as will meet the obligations of Customer under the 1940 Act, with particular attention to Section 31 thereof and rules 31a-1 and 31a-2 thereunder. All such records shall be property of Customer. Bank will allow Customer's duly authorized officers, employees, and agents, including Customer's independent public accountants, and the employees and agents of the SEC access at all times during the regular business hours of Bank to such records. Except, in the case of access by the SEC as otherwise required by the SEC, such access will be subject to reasonable notice to Bank. Subject to restrictions under Applicable Law, Bank also will obtain an undertaking to permit Customer's independent

public accountants reasonable access to the records of any Subcustodian of Securities held in the Securities Account as may be required in connection with such examination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)In addition, Bank shall cooperate with and supply necessary information to any entity or entities appointed by the Customer to keep its books of account and/or compute its net asset value. Bank shall provide reports and other data as Customer may from time to time reasonably request to enable Customer to obtain, from year to year, favorable opinions from Customer's independent accountants with respect to Bank's activities hereunder in connection with (i) the preparation of any registration statement of Customer and any other reports required by a governmental agency or regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the Fund, and (ii) the fulfillment by Customer of any other requirements of a governmental agency or regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the Fund.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Upon reasonable request of Customer, Bank shall provide Customer with a copy of Bank's Service Organizational Control (SOC) 1 reports (or any successor reports) prepared in accordance with the requirements of AT-C section 320, Reporting on an Examination of Controls at a Service Organization Relevant to User Entities' Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (or any successor attestation standard). In addition, from time to time as requested, Bank will furnish Customer a "gap" or "bridge" letter that will address any material changes that might have occurred in Customer's controls covered in the SOC Report from the end of the SOC Report period through a specified requested date. Bank shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide Customer with such reports as Customer may reasonably request or otherwise reasonably require to fulfill its duties under Rule 38a-l of the 1940 Act or similar legal and regulatory requirements. Upon reasonable request by Customer, Bank shall also provide to Customer customary sub- certifications in connection with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 certification requirements. Upon written request, Bank shall provide Customer with information about Bank's processes for the management and monitoring of Subcustodians for safeguarding Financial Assets.

**2.14<u>Maintenance of Financial Assets at Bank and at Subcustodian Locations</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Unless Instructions require another location acceptable to Bank, Global Assets shall be held in the country or jurisdiction in which their principal trading market is located, where such Global Assets may be presented for payment, where such Financial Assets were acquired, or where such Financial Assets are held. Bank reserves the right to refuse to accept delivery of Global Assets or cash in countries and jurisdictions other than those referred to in Schedule 1 to this Agreement, as in effect from time to time.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Bank shall not be obliged to follow an Instruction to hold Financial Assets with, or have them registered or recorded in the name of, any person not chosen by Bank. However, if Customer does instruct Bank to hold Securities with or register or record Securities in the name of a person not chosen by Bank, the consequences of doing so are at Customer's own risk and Bank shall not be liable therefor.

**2.15<u>Tax Reclaims</u>**.

Bank shall provide tax reclamation services as provided in Section 8.2.

**2.16<u>Foreign Exchange Transactions</u>**.

To facilitate the administration of Customer's trading and investment activity, Bank may, but shall not be obliged to, enter into spot or forward foreign exchange contracts with Customer, or an Authorized Person, and may also provide foreign exchange contracts and facilities through its Affiliates or Subcustodians. Instructions, including standing instructions, may be issued with respect to such contracts, but Bank may establish rules or limitations concerning any foreign exchange facility made available. In all cases where Bank, its Affiliates or Subcustodians enter into a master foreign exchange contract that covers foreign

exchange transactions for the Accounts, the terms and conditions of that foreign exchange contract and, to the extent not inconsistent, this Agreement, shall apply to such transactions.

**2.17<u>Compliance with Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rule</u> <u>17f-5 ("rule 17f-5")</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Customer's board of directors (or equivalent body) (hereinafter 'Board') hereby delegates to Bank, and, except as to the country or countries as to which Bank may, from time to time, advise Customer that it does not accept such delegation, Bank hereby accepts the delegation to it, of the obligation to perform as Customer's 'Foreign Custody Manager' (as that term is defined in rule 17f-5(a)(3) as promulgated under the 1940 Act), including for the purposes of: (i) selecting Eligible Foreign Custodians (as that term is defined in rule 17f-5(a)(1), and as the same may be amended from time to time, or that have otherwise been exempted pursuant to an SEC exemptive order) to hold foreign Financial Assets and cash, (ii) evaluating the contractual arrangements with such Eligible Foreign Custodians (as set forth in rule 17f- 5(c)(2)), and (iii) monitoring such foreign custody arrangements (as set forth in rule 17f-5(c)(3)).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)In connection with the foregoing, Bank shall:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)provide written reports notifying Customer's Board of the placement of Financial Assets and cash with particular Eligible Foreign Custodians and of any material change in the arrangements with such Eligible Foreign Custodians, with such reports to be provided to Customer's Board at such times as the Board deems reasonable and appropriate based on the circumstances of Customer's foreign custody arrangements (and until further notice from Customer such reports shall be provided not less than quarterly with respect to the placement of Financial Assets and cash with particular Eligible Foreign Custodians and with reasonable promptness upon the occurrence of any material change in the arrangements with such Eligible Foreign Custodians);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii)exercise such reasonable care, prudence and diligence in performing as Customer's Foreign Custody Manager as a person having responsibility for the safekeeping of foreign Financial Assets and cash would exercise;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii)in selecting an Eligible Foreign Custodian, first have determined that foreign Financial Assets and cash placed and maintained in the safekeeping of such Eligible Foreign Custodian shall be subject to reasonable care, based on the standards applicable to custodians in the relevant market, after having considered all factors relevant to the safekeeping of such foreign Financial Assets and cash, including, without limitation, those factors set forth in rule 17f- 5(c)(1)(i)-(iv);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv)determine that the written contract with an Eligible Foreign Custodian requires that the Eligible Foreign Custodian shall provide reasonable care for foreign Financial Assets and cash based on the standards applicable to custodians in the relevant market, including, without limitation, those factors set forth in rule 17f-5(c)(2).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v)have established a system to monitor the continued appropriateness of maintaining foreign Financial Assets and cash with particular Eligible Foreign Custodians and of the governing contractual arrangements; it being understood, however, that in the event that Bank shall have determined that the existing Eligible Foreign Custodian in a given country would no longer afford foreign Financial Assets and cash reasonable care and that no other Eligible Foreign Custodian in that country would afford reasonable care, Bank shall promptly so advise Customer and shall then act in accordance with the Instructions of Customer with respect to the disposition of the affected foreign Financial Assets and cash.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Subject to (b)(i)-(v) above, Bank is hereby authorized to place and maintain foreign Financial Assets and cash on behalf of Customer with Eligible Foreign Custodians pursuant to a written contract deemed appropriate by Bank. Each such contract shall, except as set forth in the last paragraph of this subsection (c), include provisions that provide:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)For indemnification or insurance arrangements (or any combination of the foregoing) that will adequately protect Customer against the risk of loss of Financial Assets and cash held in accordance with such contract;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii)That Customer's Financial Assets will not be subject to any right, charge, security interest, lien or claim of any kind in favor of the Eligible Foreign Custodian or its creditors, except a claim of payment for their safe custody or administration or, in the case of cash, liens or rights in favor of creditors of such Eligible Foreign Custodian arising under bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii)That beneficial ownership of Customer's Assets will be freely transferable without the payment of money or value other than for safe custody or administration;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv)That adequate records will be maintained identifying Customer's Assets as belonging to Customer or as being held by a third party for the benefit of Customer;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v)That Customer's independent public accountants will be given access to those records described in (iv) above or confirmation of the contents of those records; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vi)That Customer will receive sufficient and timely periodic reports with respect to the safekeeping of Customer's Assets, including, but not limited to, notification of any transfer to or from Customer's account or a third party account containing Assets held for the benefit of Customer.

Such contract may contain, in lieu of any or all of the provisions specified in this subsection (c), such other provisions that Bank determines will provide, in their entirety, the same or a greater level of care and protection for Customer's Assets as the specified provisions, in their entirety.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)Except as expressly provided herein, Customer shall be solely responsible to assure that the maintenance of foreign Financial Assets and cash hereunder complies with the rules, regulations, interpretations and exemptive orders as promulgated by or under the authority of the SEC.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)Bank represents to Customer that it is a U.S. Bank as defined in rule 17f-5(a)(7). Customer represents to Bank that: (1) the foreign Financial Assets and cash being placed and maintained in Bank's custody are subject to the 1940 Act, as the same may be amended from time to time; (2) its Board has determined that it is reasonable to rely on Bank to perform as Customer's Foreign Custody Manager; and

(3)its Board or its investment adviser shall have determined that Customer may maintain foreign Financial Assets and cash in each country in which Customer's Financial Assets and cash shall be held hereunder and determined to accept Country Risk. Nothing contained herein shall require Bank to make any selection or to engage in any monitoring on behalf of Customer that would entail consideration of Country Risk.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)Bank shall provide to Customer such information relating to Country Risk as is specified in Appendix 1 hereto. Customer hereby acknowledges that: (i) such information is solely designed to inform Customer of market conditions and procedures and is not intended as a recommendation to invest or not invest in particular markets; and (ii) Bank has gathered the information from sources it considers reliable,

but that Bank shall have no responsibility for inaccuracies or incomplete information, provided that Bank transmits the information using reasonable care.

**2.18<u>Compliance with SEC rule</u> <u>17f-7 ("rule 17f-7")</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank shall, for consideration by Customer, provide an analysis of the custody risks associated with maintaining Customer's foreign Financial Assets with each Eligible Securities Depository used by Bank as of the date hereof (or, in the case of an Eligible Securities Depository not used by Bank as of the date hereof, prior to the initial placement of Customer's foreign Financial Assets at such Depository) and at which any foreign Financial Assets of Customer are held or are expected to be held. The foregoing analysis will be provided to Customer at Bank's Website. In connection with the foregoing, Customer shall notify Bank of any Eligible Securities Depositories at which it does not choose to have its foreign Financial Assets held. Bank shall monitor the custody risks associated with maintaining Customer's Financial Assets at each such Eligible Securities Depository on a continuing basis and shall promptly notify Customer or its investment adviser of any material changes in such risks.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Bank shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence in performing the requirements set forth in Section 2.18(a) above.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Based on the information available to it in the exercise of diligence, Bank shall determine the eligibility under rule 17f-7 of each depository before including it on Schedule 3 hereto and shall promptly advise Customer if any Eligible Securities Depository ceases to be eligible. (Eligible Securities Depositories used by Bank as of the date hereof are set forth in Schedule 3 hereto, and as the same may be amended on notice to Customer from time to time.)

**2.19<u>Service Level Agreement</u>**.

Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Bank agrees to perform the custody services provided for under this Agreement in a manner that meets or exceeds any service levels as may be agreed upon by the parties from time to time in a written document that is executed by both parties on or after the date of this Agreement, unless that written document specifically states that it is not contractually binding. For the avoidance of doubt, Bank's Service Directory shall not be deemed to be such a written document.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**3.INSTRUCTIONS**

**3.1<u>Acting on Instructions; Unclear Instructions</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank is authorized to act under this Agreement (or to refrain from taking action) in accordance with the instructions received by Bank, via telephone, telex, facsimile transmission, or other teleprocess or electronic instruction or trade information system acceptable to Bank ("Instructions"). Bank shall have no responsibility for the authenticity or propriety of any Instructions that Bank believes in good faith to have been given by Authorized Persons or which are transmitted with proper testing or authentication pursuant to terms and conditions that Bank may specify. Customer authorizes Bank to accept and act upon any Instructions received by it without inquiry. Customer shall indemnify the Bank Indemnitees against, and hold each of them harmless from, any Liabilities that may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Bank Indemnitees as a result of any action or omission taken in accordance with any Instructions or other directions upon which Bank is authorized to rely under the terms of this Agreement, provided that Bank shall not be indemnified against or held harmless from any Liabilities arising out of Bank's negligence, bad faith, fraud, or willful misconduct.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Unless otherwise expressly provided, all Instructions shall continue in full force and effect until canceled or superseded.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Bank may (in its sole discretion and without affecting any part of this Section 3.1) seek clarification or confirmation of an Instruction from an Authorized Person and may decline to act upon an Instruction if it does not receive clarification or confirmation satisfactory to it. Bank shall not, except as provided in Section 7.1 hereof, be liable for any loss arising from any delay while it seeks such clarification or confirmation.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)In executing or paying a payment order Bank may rely upon the identifying number (e.g. Fedwire routing number or account) of any party as instructed in the payment order. Customer assumes full responsibility for any inconsistency within an Instruction between the name and identifying number of any party in payment orders issued to Bank in Customer's name.

**3.2<u>Security Devices</u>**.

Either party may record any of their telephonic communications. Customer shall comply with any security procedures reasonably required by Bank from time to time with respect to verification of Instructions. Customer shall be responsible for safeguarding any test keys, identification codes or other security devices that Bank shall make available to Customer or any Authorized Person.

**3.3<u>Instructions; Contrary to Law/Market Practice</u>**.

Bank need not act upon Instructions which it reasonably believes to be contrary to law, regulation or market practice but shall be under no duty to investigate whether any Instructions comply with Applicable Law or market practice. Bank shall notify Customer as soon as reasonably practicable if it does not act upon Instructions under this Section.

**3.4<u>Cut-off</u> <u>Times</u>**.

Bank has established cut-off times for receipt of some categories of Instruction, which shall be made available to Customer. If Bank receives an Instruction after its established cut-off time, it shall attempt to act upon the Instruction on the day requested if Bank deems it practicable to do so or otherwise as soon as practicable on the next business day.

**3.5<u>Electronic Access</u>**.

Access by the Customer to certain systems, applications or products of Bank shall be governed by this Agreement and the terms and conditions set forth in Annex A Electronic Access.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**4.FEES, EXPENSES AND OTHER AMOUNTS OWING TO BANK**

**4.1<u>Fees and Expenses</u>**.

Customer shall pay Bank for its services hereunder the fees set forth in Schedule 2 hereto or such other amounts as may be agreed upon in writing from time to time.

**4.2<u>Overdrafts</u>**.

If a debit to any currency in the Cash Account results in a debit balance in that currency then Bank may, in its discretion, advance an amount equal to the overdraft and such an advance shall be deemed a loan to

Customer, payable on demand, bearing interest at the rate agreed by Customer and Bank for the Accounts from time to time, or, in the absence of such an agreement, at the rate charged by Bank from time to time, for overdrafts incurred by customers similar to Customer, from the date of such advance to the date of payment (both after as well as before judgment) and otherwise on the terms on which Bank makes similar advances available from time to time. Bank shall promptly notify Customer of such an advance. No prior action or course of dealing on Bank's part with respect to the settlement of transactions on Customer's behalf shall be asserted by Customer against Bank for Bank's refusal to make advances to the Cash Account or to settle any transaction for which Customer does not have sufficient available funds in the applicable currency in the Account.

**4.3<u>Bank's Right Over Securities;</u> <u>Set-off</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Customer grants Bank a security interest in and a lien on the Financial Assets held in the Securities Account of a particular Fund as shall have a fair market value equal to the aggregate amount of all overdrafts of such Fund, together with accrued interest, as security for any and all amounts which are now or become owing to Bank with respect to that Fund under any provision of this Agreement, whether or not matured or contingent ("Indebtedness"). Such lien and security interest shall be effective only so long as such advance, overdraft, or accrued interest thereon remains outstanding and Bank shall have all the rights and remedies of a secured party under the New York Uniform Commercial Code in respect of the repayment of the advance, overdraft or accrued interest. In this regard, Bank shall be entitled to (i) without notice to Customer, withhold delivery of such Financial Assets, and (ii) with two business days' prior notice to the Customer and an opportunity for the Customer to satisfy such Indebtedness to Bank, sell or otherwise realize any of such Financial Assets and to apply the proceeds and any other monies credited to the Cash Account in satisfaction of such Indebtedness solely to the extent of such Indebtedness, provided, however, that Bank shall only be obligated to provide the Customer with same-day prior notice if Bank, in its reasonable business judgment, determines that, due to market conditions or other special circumstances, a delay would be likely to materially prejudice its ability to recover the Indebtedness. During any such notice period, Bank will, at Customer's request, consult with Customer regarding the selection of Financial Assets to be sold by Bank to satisfy the Indebtedness. For the avoidance of doubt, only advances made by Bank under Section 4.2 are "Indebtedness" subject to this Section 4.3. No other outstanding amounts payable by Customer to Bank (including, without limitation, amounts payable by Customer under Section 4.1) are "Indebtedness" subject to this Section 4.3.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Bank shall be further entitled to set any such Indebtedness off against any cash or deposit account of the Fund that incurred the Indebtedness with Bank or any of its Affiliates of which the Fund is the beneficial owner, regardless of the currency involved; Bank shall provide prior notice to Customer of its intent to exercise its set off rights against any cash or deposit account of the Fund, which notice shall be provided at least on the same day as the set off is effected, provided however that no prior notice is required in cases where Bank, in its reasonable business judgment, determines that, due to market conditions or other special circumstances, the delay required in order to provide prior notice would be likely to materially prejudice its ability to recover the Indebtedness.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**5.SUBCUSTODIANS, SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES, AND OTHER AGENTS**

**5.1<u>Appointment of Subcustodians; Use of Securities Depositories</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank is authorized under this Agreement to act through and hold Customer's Global Assets with subcustodians, being at the date of this Agreement the entities listed in Schedule 1 and/or such other entities as Bank may appoint as subcustodians ("Subcustodians"). At the request of Customer, Bank may, but need not, add to Schedule 1 an Eligible Foreign Custodian where Bank has not acted as Foreign Custody Manager with respect to the selection thereof. Bank shall notify Customer in the event that it elects to add

any such entity. Bank shall use reasonable care, prudence and diligence in the selection and continued appointment of such Subcustodians. In addition, Bank and each Subcustodian may deposit Global Assets with, and hold Global Assets in, any securities depository, settlement system, dematerialized book entry system or similar system (together a "Securities Depository") on such terms as such systems customarily operate and Customer shall provide Bank with such documentation or acknowledgements that Bank may require to hold the Global Assets in such systems.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Any agreement Bank enters into with a Subcustodian for holding Bank's customers' assets shall provide that: (i) such assets shall not be subject to any right, charge, security interest, lien or claim of any kind in favor of such Subcustodian or its creditors, except a claim of payment for their safe custody or administration or, in the case of cash deposits, except for liens or rights in favor of creditors of the Subcustodian arising under bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws; (ii) beneficial ownership of such assets shall be freely transferable without the payment of money or value other than for safe custody or administration; (iii) adequate records will be maintained identifying the assets as belonging to Customer or as being held by a third party for the benefit of Customer; (iv) Customer and Customer's independent public accountants will be given reasonable access to those records or confirmation of the contents of those records; and (v) Customer will receive periodic reports with respect to the safekeeping of Customer's assets, including, but not limited to, notification of any transfer to or from Customer's account or a third party account containing assets held for the benefit of Customer. Where a Subcustodian deposits Securities with a Securities Depository, Bank shall cause the Subcustodian to identify on its records as belonging to Bank, as agent, the Securities shown on the Subcustodian's account at such Securities Depository. The foregoing shall not apply to the extent of any special agreement or arrangement made by Customer with any particular Subcustodian.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Bank shall have no responsibility for any act or omission by (or the insolvency of) any Securities Depository. In the event Customer incurs a loss due to the negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct, or insolvency of a Securities Depository, Bank shall make reasonable endeavors to seek recovery from the Securities Depository.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)The term Subcustodian as used herein shall mean the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)a "U.S. Bank" as such term is defined in rule 17f-5; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii)an "Eligible Foreign Custodian" as such term is defined in rule 17f-5 and any other entity that shall have been so qualified by exemptive order, rule or other appropriate action of the SEC.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii)For purposes of clarity, it is agreed that as used in Section 5.2(a), the term Subcustodian shall not include any Eligible Foreign Custodian as to which Bank has not acted as Foreign Custody Manager.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)The term 'securities depository' as used herein when referring to a securities depository located outside the U.S. shall mean an "Eligible Securities Depository" as defined in rule 17f-7, or that has otherwise been made exempt pursuant to an SEC exemptive order.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)The term 'securities depository' as used herein when referring to a securities depository located in the U.S. shall mean a "Securities Depository" as defined in rule 17f-4.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**5.2<u>Liability for Subcustodians</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Subject to the exculpation from consequential damages set forth in Section 7.1(b), Bank shall be liable for direct Liabilities incurred by Customer that result from: (i) the acts or omissions of any Subcustodian selected by Bank, whether domestic or foreign, to the same extent as if such act or omission was performed by Bank itself, taking into account the standards and market practice prevailing in the relevant market; or (ii) the insolvency of any Affiliated Subcustodian. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including the exculpation from consequential damages set forth in Section 7.1(b), Bank shall take full responsibility for any Liabilities that result from or that are caused by the fraud, willful misconduct, or negligence of its Subcustodians or the insolvency of an Affiliated Subcustodian. In the event of any Liabilities suffered or incurred by Customer caused by or resulting from the acts or omissions of any Subcustodian for which Bank would otherwise be liable, Bank shall promptly reimburse Customer in the amount of any such Liabilities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Subject to Section 7.1(a) and Bank's duty to use reasonable care, prudence and diligence in the monitoring of a Subcustodian's financial condition as reflected in its published financial statements and other publicly available financial information concerning it, Bank shall not be responsible for the insolvency of any Subcustodian which is not a branch or an Affiliated Subcustodian.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Bank reserves the right to add, replace or remove Subcustodians. Bank shall give Customer prompt notice of any such action, which shall be advance notice if practicable. Upon request by Customer, Bank shall identify the name, address and principal place of business of any Subcustodian and the name and address of the governmental agency or other regulatory authority that supervises or regulates such Subcustodian.

**5.3<u>Use of Agents</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Bank may provide certain services under this Agreement through third parties. These third parties may be Affiliates. Except to the extent provided in Section 5.2 with respect to Subcustodians, Bank shall not be responsible for any loss as a result of a failure by any broker or any other third party that it selects and retains using reasonable care and without negligence to provide ancillary services, such as pricing, proxy voting, and corporate action services, that it does not customarily provide itself. Nevertheless, Bank shall be liable for the performance of any such service provider selected by Bank that is an Affiliate to the same extent as Bank would have been liable if it performed such services itself.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Bank shall execute transactions involving Financial Assets of United States origin through a broker which is an Affiliate (i) in the case of the sale under Section 2.8 of a fractional interest or (ii) if an Authorized Person directs Bank to use the affiliated broker or otherwise requests that Bank select a broker for that transaction, unless, in either case, the Affiliate does not execute similar transactions in such Financial Assets. The affiliated broker may charge its customary commission (or retain its customary spread) with respect to either such transaction.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**6.ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CUSTOMER**

**6.1<u>Representations of Customer and Bank</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Customer represents and warrants to Bank that: (i) it has full authority and power, and has obtained all necessary authorizations and consents, to deposit and control the Financial Assets and cash in the Accounts, to use Bank as its custodian in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and to incur indebtedness, pledge Financial Assets as contemplated by Section 4.3, and enter into foreign exchange transactions; and (ii) this Agreement is its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable in accordance

with its terms and it has full power and authority to enter into and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the execution of this Agreement. Bank may rely upon the above or the certification of such other facts as may be required to administer Bank's obligations hereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Bank represents and warrants to Customer that this Agreement is its legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable in accordance with its terms and it has full power and authority to enter into and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the execution of this Agreement. Customer may rely upon the above or the certification of such other facts as may be required to administer Customer's obligations hereunder.

**6.2<u>Customer to Provide Certain Information to Bank</u>**.

Upon request, Customer shall promptly provide to Bank such information about itself and its financial status as Bank may reasonably request, including Customer's organizational documents and its current audited and unaudited financial statements.

**6.3<u>Customer is Liable to Bank Even if it is Acting for Another Person</u>**.

If Customer is acting as an agent for a disclosed or undisclosed principal in respect of any transaction, cash, or Financial Asset, Bank nevertheless shall treat Customer as its principal for all purposes under this Agreement. In this regard, Customer shall be liable to Bank as a principal in respect of any transactions relating to the Account. The foregoing shall not affect any rights Bank might have against Customer's principal.

**6.4<u>Several Obligations of the Trusts and the Funds</u>**.

This Agreement is executed on behalf of the Board of Trustees of each Fund as Trustees and not individually and the obligations of this Agreement are not binding upon any of the Trustees or shareholders individually but are binding only upon the assets and property of each Fund severally and not jointly. With respect to any obligations of Customer arising out of this Agreement, Bank shall look for payment or satisfaction of any obligation solely to the assets of the Fund to which such obligation relates as though Bank had separately contracted by separate written instrument with respect to the Fund.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**7.WHEN BANK IS LIABLE TO CUSTOMER**

**7.1<u>Standard of Care; Liability</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, Bank shall exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence in carrying out all of its duties and obligations under this Agreement (except to the extent Applicable Law provides for a higher standard of care, in which case such higher standard shall apply), and shall be liable to Customer for any and all Liabilities suffered or incurred by Customer resulting from the failure of Bank to exercise such reasonable care, prudence and diligence or resulting from Bank's negligence, willful misconduct, or fraud and to the extent provided in Section 5.2(a). Unless otherwise specified or required by Applicable Law, Bank shall not be in violation of this Agreement with respect to any matter as to which it has satisfied the standard of care under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Bank shall not be liable under any circumstances for any indirect, incidental, consequential or special damages (including, without limitation, lost profits) of any form incurred by any person, whether or not foreseeable and regardless of the type of action in which such a claim may be brought, with respect to the Accounts or Bank's performance hereunder or Bank's role as custodian.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Subject to the limitations set forth in this Agreement, each Customer severally and not jointly shall indemnify the Bank Indemnitees against, and hold them harmless from, any Liabilities that may be imposed on, incurred by or asserted against any of the Bank Indemnitees in connection with or arising out of Bank's performance under this Agreement, provided the Bank Indemnitees have not acted with negligence or bad faith or engaged in fraud or willful misconduct in connection with the Liabilities in question. Nevertheless, Customer shall not be obligated to indemnify any Bank Indemnitee under the preceding sentence with respect to any Liability for which Bank is liable under Section 5.2 of this Agreement. Bank shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate any Liability for which indemnity is sought hereunder (provided, however, that reasonable expenses incurred with respect to such mitigation shall be Liabilities subject to indemnification hereunder).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)Subject to any obligation Customer may have to indemnify Bank with respect to amounts claimed by third parties, Customer shall have no liability whatsoever for any consequential, special, indirect or speculative loss or damages (including, but not limited to, lost profits) suffered by Bank Indemnitees in connection with the transactions and services contemplated hereby and the relationship established hereby even if Customer has been advised as to the possibility of the same and regardless of the form of action.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)Without limiting Subsections 7.1 (a) or (b), Bank shall have no duty or responsibility to:

(i)question Instructions or make any suggestions to Customer or an Authorized Person regarding such Instructions, provided that Bank believes in good faith that such Instructions have been given by Authorized Persons or which are transmitted with proper testing or authentication pursuant to terms and conditions that Bank may specify; (ii) supervise or make recommendations with respect to investments or the retention of Financial Assets; (iii) advise Customer or an Authorized Person regarding any default in the payment of principal or income of any security other than as provided in Section 2.7(b) of this Agreement; (iv) except as otherwise expressly required herein, evaluate or report to Customer or an Authorized Person regarding the financial condition of any broker, agent or other party to which Bank is instructed to deliver Financial Assets or cash; or (v) except for trades settled at DTC where the broker provides DTC trade confirmation and Customer provides for Bank to receive the trade instruction, review or reconcile trade confirmations received from brokers (and Customer or its Authorized Persons issuing Instructions shall bear any responsibility to review such confirmations against Instructions issued to and statements issued by Bank).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)Bank shall indemnify the Customer from and against any and all Liabilities which may be imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Customer resulting directly either from Bank's negligence, bad faith, fraud or willful misconduct in the performance of its obligations or duties hereunder, or from any act or omission by a Subcustodian in the performance of its subcustodial obligations or duties hereunder for which Bank is expressly liable under Section 5.2, taking into account the standards and market practice prevailing in the relevant market, provided that (i) in no event shall the Bank be obliged to indemnify Customer from against any Liability (or any claim for a Liability) to the extent such Liability is described in clause 7.1(b) this Agreement and (ii) the Customer shall use all commercially reasonable efforts to mitigate any Liability for which indemnity is sought hereunder (provided, however, that reasonable expenses incurred with respect to such mitigation shall be Liabilities subject to indemnification hereunder).

**7.2<u>Force Majeure</u>**.

So long as Bank maintains and updates its business continuation and disaster recovery procedures as set forth in Section 10.8, Bank shall have no liability for any damage, loss or expense of any nature that Customer may suffer or incur, caused by an act of God, fire, flood, civil or labor disturbance, war, act of any governmental authority or other act or threat of any authority (de jure or de facto), legal constraint, fraud or forgery (except by Bank or Bank Indemnitees), malfunction of equipment or software (except to the extent such malfunction is primarily attributable to Bank's negligence, or willful misconduct in maintaining the equipment or software), failure of or the effect of rules or operations of any external funds

transfer system, inability to obtain or interruption of external communications facilities, or any cause beyond the reasonable control of Bank (including without limitation, the non-availability of appropriate foreign exchange). Bank shall endeavor to promptly notify Customer when it becomes aware of any situation outlined above, but shall not be liable for failure to do so. If Bank is prevented from carrying out its obligations under this Agreement for a period of thirty days, Customer may terminate the Agreement by giving Bank not less than thirty days' notice, without prejudice to any of the rights of any party accrued prior to the date of termination.

**7.3<u>Bank May Consult With Counsel</u>**.

Bank shall be entitled to rely on, and may act upon the advice of professional advisers in relation to matters of law, regulation or market practice (which may be the professional advisers of Customer), and shall not be liable to Customer for any action reasonably taken or omitted pursuant to such advice; provided that Bank has selected and retained such professional advisers using reasonable care and acts reasonably in reliance on the advice.

**7.4<u>Bank Provides Diverse Financial Services and May Generate Profits as a Result</u>**.

Customer acknowledges that Bank or its Affiliates may have a material interest in transactions entered into by Customer with respect to the Account or that circumstances are such that Bank may have a potential conflict of duty or interest. For example, Bank or its Affiliates may act as a market maker in the Financial Assets to which Instructions relate, provide brokerage services to other customers, act as financial adviser to the issuer of such Financial Assets, act in the same transaction as agent for more than one customer, have a material interest in the issue of the Financial Assets, or earn profits from any of these activities. Customer acknowledges that Bank or its Affiliates may be in possession of information tending to show that the Instructions received may not be in the best interests of Customer. Bank is not under any duty to disclose any such information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**8.TAXATION**

**8.1<u>Tax Obligations</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Customer confirms that Bank is authorized to deduct from any cash received or credited to the Cash Account any taxes or levies required by any revenue or Governmental authority for whatever reason in respect of Customer's Accounts.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)If Bank does not receive appropriate declarations, documentation and information then additional United Kingdom taxation shall be deducted from all income received in respect of the Financial Assets issued outside the United Kingdom (which shall for this purpose include United Kingdom Eurobonds) and any applicable United States tax (including, but not limited to, non-resident alien tax) shall be deducted from United States source income. Customer shall provide to Bank such certifications, documentation, and information as it may require in connection with taxation, and warrants that, when given, this information is true and correct in every respect, not misleading in any way, and contains all material information. Customer undertakes to notify Bank immediately if any information requires updating or correcting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Customer shall be responsible for the payment of all taxes relating to the Financial Assets in the Securities Account, and Customer shall pay, indemnify and hold Bank harmless from and against any and all liabilities, penalties, interest or additions to tax with respect to or resulting from, any delay in, or failure by, Bank (1) to pay, withhold or report any U.S. federal, state or local taxes or foreign taxes imposed on, or (2) to report interest, dividend or other income paid or credited to the Cash Account, whether

such failure or delay by Bank to pay, withhold or report tax or income is the result of (x) Customer's failure to comply with the terms of this paragraph, or (y) Bank's own acts or omissions; provided however, Customer shall not be liable to Bank for any penalty or additions to tax due as a result of Bank's failure to pay or withhold tax or to report interest, dividend or other income paid or credited to the Cash Account solely as a result of Bank's negligent acts or omissions.

**8.2<u>Tax Reclaims</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Subject to the provisions of this Section, Bank shall apply for a reduction of withholding tax and any refund of any tax paid or tax credits in respect of income payments on Financial Assets credited to the Securities Account that Bank believes may be available.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)The provision of a tax reclamation service by Bank is conditional upon Bank receiving from Customer (i) a declaration of its identity and place of residence and (ii) certain other documentation (pro forma copies of which are available from Bank). If Financial Assets credited to the Account are beneficially owned by someone other than Customer, this information shall be necessary with respect to the beneficial owner. Customer acknowledges that Bank shall be unable to perform tax reclamation services unless it receives this information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)Bank shall perform tax reclamation services only with respect to taxation levied by the revenue authorities of the countries advised to Customer from time to time and Bank may, by notification in writing, in its absolute discretion, supplement or amend the countries in which the tax reclamation services are offered. Other than as expressly provided in this Section 8.2, Bank shall have no responsibility with regard to Customer's tax position or status in any jurisdiction.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)Customer confirms that Bank is authorized to disclose any information requested by any revenue authority or any governmental body in relation to the processing of any tax reclaim.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**9.TERMINATION**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Either party may terminate this Agreement by an instrument in writing delivered or mailed, postage prepaid, to the other party, such termination to take effect not sooner than sixty days after the date of such delivery or mailing if termination is being sought by Customer, for itself or on behalf of a Fund, and not sooner than one hundred twenty days after the date of such delivery or mailing if termination is being sought by Bank. Termination of this Agreement with respect to any one particular Fund shall in no way affect the rights and duties under this Agreement with respect to any other Fund. If Customer gives notice of termination, it must provide full details of the persons to whom Bank must deliver Financial Assets and cash. If Bank gives notice of termination, then Customer must, within one hundred twenty days following receipt of the notice, notify Bank of details of its new custodian, failing which Bank may elect (at any time after one hundred twenty days following Customer's receipt of the notice) either to retain the Financial Assets and cash until such details are given, continuing to charge fees due (in which case Bank's sole obligation shall be for the safekeeping of the Financial Assets and cash), or deliver the Financial Assets and cash to Customer. Bank shall in any event be entitled to deduct any uncontested amounts owing to it prior to delivery of the Financial Assets and cash (and, accordingly, Bank shall be entitled to deduct cash from the Cash Account in satisfaction of uncontested amounts owing to it); provided, however, that Bank shall first provide Customer with a statement setting forth such amounts owing to it and provide Customer two days' advance notice before effecting any such deduction, during which time Customer shall be entitled to determine the priority order in which such Financial Assets and cash are to be used to satisfy the outstanding uncontested amounts. Customer shall reimburse Bank promptly for all reasonable out-of- pocket expenses it incurs in delivering Financial Assets upon termination by Customer. Termination

pursuant to this Section shall not affect any of the liabilities either party owes to the other arising under this Agreement prior to such termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)In the event of any termination of the Agreement for any reason whatsoever, Bank shall, for a period of up to one hundred twenty days after termination of the Agreement, (i) continue to provide all or part of the services under the Agreement if requested by Customer, which services shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement during the transition period unless otherwise agreed to by the parties; (ii) provide to Customer or any successor custodian all assistance reasonably requested to enable Customer or the successor custodian to commence providing services similar to those under the Agreement; and (iii) subject to the same limitations in place during the term of the Agreement, provide Customer with access to all records in the possession of Bank relating to Customer. In connection with any termination of the Agreement for any reason whatsoever, the parties shall also promptly develop a transition plan setting forth a reasonable timetable for the transition of Financial Assets and cash to Customer or any successor custodian and describing the parties' respective responsibilities for transitioning the services back to Customer or any successor custodian in an orderly and uninterrupted fashion. Customer will use all reasonable efforts to transition to a successor custodian as soon as possible following the effective date of termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**10.MISCELLANEOUS**

**10.1<u>Notices</u>**.

Notices (other than Instructions) shall be served by registered mail or hand delivery to the address of the respective parties as set out on the first page of this Agreement, unless notice of a new address is given to the other party in writing. Notice shall not be deemed to be given unless it has been received.

**10.2<u>Successors and Assigns</u>**.

This Agreement shall be binding on each of the parties' successors and assigns, but the parties agree that neither party can assign its rights and obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

**10.3<u>Interpretation</u>**.

Headings are for convenience only and are not intended to affect interpretation. References to sections are to sections of this Agreement and references to sub-sections and paragraphs are to sub-sections of the sections and paragraphs of the sub-sections in which they appear.

**10.4<u>Entire Agreement</u>**.

This Agreement amends and restates the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement dated as of June 25, 2001 between Customer and Bank (the "Prior Agreement"), and the terms of this Agreement replace the terms of the Prior Agreement effective as of the date of this Agreement. This Agreement, including any Schedules, Appendices, Annexes, Exhibits, and Riders (and any separate agreement which Bank and Customer may enter into with respect to the services provided under this Agreement), sets out the entire Agreement between the parties in connection with the subject matter, and, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties, this Agreement supersedes any other agreement, statement, or representation relating to the services provided under this Agreement, whether oral or written. Amendments must be in writing and signed by both parties. For clarity, however, the continuation of any other agreements that reference the Prior Agreement is not intended to be affected by the fact of the amendment and restatement of the Prior Agreement by this Agreement, and reference in such agreements to the Prior Agreement shall be considered

to be a reference to this Agreement effective as of the date of this Agreement (provided that matters relating to the time period prior to the date of this Agreement are governed by the terms of the Prior Agreement).

**10.5<u>Information Concerning Deposits at Bank</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)Under U.S. federal law, deposit accounts that the Customer maintains in Bank's foreign branches (outside of the U.S.) are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In the event of Bank's liquidation, foreign branch deposits have a lesser preference than U.S. deposits, and such foreign deposits are subject to cross-border risks.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Bank's London Branch is a participant in the UK Financial Services Compensation Scheme (the "FSCS"), and the following terms apply to the extent any amount standing to the credit of the Cash Account is deposited in one or more deposit accounts at Bank's London Branch. The terms of the FSCS offer protection in connection with deposits to certain types of claimants to whom Bank's London Branch provides services in the event that they suffer a financial loss as a direct consequence of Bank's London Branch being unable to meet any of its obligations and, subject to the FSCS rules regarding eligible deposits, the Customer may have a right to claim compensation from the FSCS. Subject to the FSCS rules, the maximum compensation payable by the FSCS, as at the date of this Agreement, in relation to eligible deposits is £85,000.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)In the event that Bank incurs a loss attributable to Country Risk with respect to any cash balance it maintains on deposit at a Subcustodian or other correspondent bank in regard to its global custody or trust businesses in the country where the Subcustodian or other correspondent bank is located, Bank may set such loss off against Customer's Cash Account to the extent that such loss is directly attributable to Customer's investments in that market.

**10.6<u>Confidentiality</u>**.

The parties hereto agree that each shall treat confidentially the terms and conditions of this Agreement and all information provided by each party to the other regarding its business and operations. All confidential information provided by a party shall be used by the other party solely for the purpose of rendering or obtaining services pursuant to this Agreement, and except as may be required in carrying out this Agreement, shall not be disclosed to any third party without the prior consent of such providing party. The foregoing shall not be applicable to any information that is publicly available when provided or thereafter becomes publicly available other than through a breach of this provision, or that is required to be disclosed by or to any regulatory authority, any external or internal accountant, auditor or counsels of the parties, by judicial or administrative process or otherwise by Applicable Law, or to any disclosure made by a party if such party's counsel has advised that such party could be liable under any Applicable Law or any judicial or administrative order or process for failure to make such disclosure.

**10.7<u>Data Privacy and Security</u>**.

Bank will implement and maintain a written information security program, in compliance with all federal, state and local laws and regulations (including any similar international laws) applicable to Bank, that contains reasonable and appropriate security measures designed to safeguard the personal information of the Funds' shareholders, employees, trustees and/or officers that Bank or any Subcustodian receives, stores, maintains, processes, transmits or otherwise accesses in connection with the provision of services hereunder. In this regard, Bank will establish and maintain policies, procedures, and technical, physical, and administrative safeguards, designed to (i) ensure the security and confidentiality of all personal information and any other confidential information that Bank receives, stores, maintains, processes or otherwise accesses in connection with the provision of services hereunder, (ii) protect against any

reasonably foreseeable threats or hazards to the security or integrity of personal information or other confidential information, (iii) protect against unauthorized access to or use of personal information or other confidential information, (iv) maintain reasonable procedures to detect and respond to any internal or external security breaches, and (v) ensure appropriate disposal of personal information or other confidential information.

Bank will monitor and review its information security program and revise it, as necessary and in its sole discretion, to ensure it appropriately addresses any applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Bank shall periodically test and review its information security program.

Bank shall respond to Customer's reasonable requests for information concerning Bank's information security program and, upon request, Bank will provide a copy of its applicable policies and procedures, or in Bank's discretion, summaries thereof, to Customer, to the extent Bank is able to do so without divulging information Bank reasonably believes to be proprietary or Bank confidential information. Upon reasonable request, Bank shall discuss with Customer the information security program of Bank. Bank also agrees, upon reasonable request, to complete any security questionnaire provided by Customer to the extent Bank is able to do so without divulging sensitive, proprietary, or Bank confidential information and return it in a commercially reasonable period of time (or provide an alternative response that reasonably addresses the points included in the questionnaire). Customer acknowledges that certain information provided by Bank, including internal policies and procedures, may be proprietary to Bank, and agrees to protect the confidentiality of all such materials it receives from Bank.

Bank agrees to resolve promptly any applicable control deficiencies that come to its attention that do not meet the standards established by federal and state privacy and data security laws, rules, regulations, and/or generally accepted industry standards related to Bank's information security program.

Bank shall: (i) promptly notify Customer of any confirmed unauthorized access to personal information or other confidential information of Customer ("Breach of Security"); (ii) promptly furnish to Customer appropriate details of such Breach of Security and assist Customer in assessing the Breach of Security to the extent it is not privileged information or part of an investigation; (iii) reasonably cooperate with Customer in any litigation and investigation of third parties reasonably deemed necessary by Customer to protect its proprietary and other rights; (iv) use reasonable precautions to prevent a recurrence of a Breach of Security; and (v) take all reasonable and appropriate action to mitigate any potential harm related to a Breach of Security, including any reasonable steps requested by Customer that are practicable for Bank to implement. Nothing in the immediately preceding sentence shall obligate Bank to provide Customer with information regarding any of Bank's other customers or clients that are affected by a Breach of Security, nor shall the immediately preceding sentence limit Bank's ability to take any actions that Bank believes are appropriate to remediate any Breach of Security unless such actions would prejudice or otherwise limit Customer's ability to bring its own claims or actions against third parties related to the Breach of Security. If Bank discovers or becomes aware of a suspected data or security breach that may involve an improper access, use, disclosure, or alteration of personal information or other confidential information of Customer, Bank shall, except to the extent prohibited by Applicable Law or directed otherwise by a governmental authority not to do so, promptly notify Customer that it is investigating a potential breach and keep Customer informed as reasonably practicable of material developments relating to the investigation until Bank either confirms that such a breach has occurred (in which case the first sentence of this paragraph will apply) or confirms that no data or security breach involving personal information or other confidential information of Customer has occurred.

For these purposes, "personal information" shall mean (i) an individual's name (first initial and last name or first name and last name), address or telephone number plus (a) social security number, (b) driver's license number, (c) state identification card number, (d) debit or credit card number, (e) financial account

number, (f) passport number, or (g) personal identification number or password that would permit access to a person's account or (ii) any combination of the foregoing that would allow a person to log onto or access an individual's account. This provision will survive termination or expiration of the Agreement for so long as Bank or any Subcustodian continues to possess or have access to personal information related to Customer. Notwithstanding the foregoing "personal information" shall not include information that is lawfully obtained from publicly available information, or from federal, state or local government records lawfully made available to the general public.

**10.8<u>Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery</u>**.

Bank shall maintain and update from time to time business continuation and disaster recovery procedures with respect to its global custody business, which are designed, in the event of a significant business disruption affecting Bank, to be sufficient to enable Bank to resume and continue to perform its duties and obligations under this Agreement without undue delay or disruption. Bank shall test the operability of such procedures at least annually. Bank shall enter into and shall maintain in effect at all times during the term of this Agreement reasonable provision for (i) periodic back-up of the computer files and data with respect to Customer and (ii) use of alternative electronic data processing equipment to provide services under this Agreement. Upon reasonable request, Bank shall discuss with Customer any business continuation and disaster recovery procedures of Bank. Bank represents that its business continuation and disaster recovery procedures are appropriate for its business as a global custodian to investment companies registered under the 1940 Act.

**10.9<u>Insurance</u>**.

Bank shall not be required to maintain any insurance coverage for the benefit of Customer.

**10.10<u>Governing Law and Jurisdiction, Certification of Residency</u>**.

This Agreement shall be construed, regulated, and administered under the laws of the United States or State of New York, as applicable, without regard to New York's principles regarding conflict of laws. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York shall have the sole and exclusive jurisdiction over any lawsuit or other judicial proceeding relating to or arising from this Agreement. If that court lacks federal subject matter jurisdiction, the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County shall have sole and exclusive jurisdiction. Either of these courts shall have proper venue for any such lawsuit or judicial proceeding, and the parties waive any objection to venue or their convenience as a forum. The parties agree to submit to the jurisdiction of any of the courts specified and to accept service of process to vest personal jurisdiction over them in any of these courts. The parties further hereby knowingly, voluntarily and intentionally waive, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, any right to a trial by jury with respect to any such lawsuit or judicial proceeding arising or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Customer certifies that it is a resident of the United States and shall notify Bank of any changes in residency. Bank may rely upon this certification or the certification of such other facts as may be required to administer Bank's obligations hereunder. Customer shall indemnify Bank against all losses, liability, claims or demands arising directly or indirectly from any such certifications.

**10.11<u>Severability and Waiver</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)If one or more provisions of this Agreement are held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect on the basis of any particular circumstances or in any jurisdiction, the validity, legality and enforceability of such provision or provisions under other circumstances or in other jurisdictions and of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Except as otherwise provided herein, no failure or delay on the part of either party in exercising any power or right hereunder operates as a waiver, nor does any single or partial exercise of any power or right preclude any other or further exercise, or the exercise of any other power or right. No waiver by a party of any provision of this Agreement, or waiver of any breach or default, is effective unless in writing and signed by the party against whom the waiver is to be enforced.

**10.12<u>Counterparts</u>**.

This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

[Signature page to follow.]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON EXHIBIT 1 HERETO

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| By: | /s/ Thomas J. Higgins |
| Name: | Thomas J. Higgins |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer |

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JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| By: | /s/ Teresa Heitsenrether |
| Name: | Teresa Heitsenrether |
| Title: | Managing Director |

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**EXHIBIT 1**

Vanguard Admiral Funds

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Bond Index Funds

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard CMT Funds

Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds

Vanguard GNMA Fund

Vanguard High-Yield Corporate Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Investment-Grade Fund

Vanguard REIT II Index Fund

Vanguard Ultra-Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Government Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Government Bond Index Fund Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Government Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Appreciation Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Fund

Vanguard Precious Metals and Mining Fund

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Global Bond Index Portfolio

Total Bond Market Index Portfolio

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio

Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard International Explorer Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund

Vanguard International Growth Fund

The terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement (except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2) apply with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions:

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Fenway Funds

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Capital Value Fund

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

Vanguard Montgomery Funds

Vanguard Market Neutral Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Explorer Value Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard REIT Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Developed Markets Index Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Balanced Portfolio

Capital Growth Portfolio

Diversified Value Portfolio

Equity Income Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

Growth Portfolio

International Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

REIT Index Portfolio

Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund

Vanguard International High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

Vanguard Windsor Funds

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Telecommunication Services Index Fund

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund

**APPENDIX 1**

**<u>Information Regarding Country Risk</u>**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.To aid Customer in its determinations regarding Country Risk, Bank shall furnish annually and upon the initial placing of Financial Assets and cash into a country the following information (check items applicable):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A.Opinions of local counsel concerning:

_X_ i. Whether applicable foreign law would restrict the access afforded Customer's independent public accountants to books and records kept by an eligible foreign custodian located in that country.

_X_ ii. Whether applicable foreign law would restrict the Customer's ability to recover its Financial Assets and cash in the event of the bankruptcy of an Eligible Foreign Custodian located in that country.

_X_ iii. Whether applicable foreign law would restrict the Customer's ability to recover Financial Assets that are lost while under the control of an Eligible Foreign Custodian located in the country.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B.Written information concerning:

_X_ i. The foreseeability of expropriation, nationalization, freezes, or confiscation of <br> Customer's Financial Assets. <br> _X_ ii. Whether difficulties in converting Customer's cash and cash equivalents to U.S. dollars

are reasonably foreseeable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C.A market report with respect to the following topics:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)securities regulatory environment, (ii) foreign ownership restrictions, (iii) foreign exchange, (iv) securities settlement and registration, (v) taxation, and (vi) depositories (including depository evaluation), if any.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.To aid Customer in monitoring Country Risk, Bank shall furnish Customer the following additional information:

Market flashes, including with respect to changes in the information in market reports.

**ANNEX A - Electronic Access**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.Bank may permit the Customer and its Authorized Persons to access certain electronic systems and applications (collectively, the "Products") and to access or receive electronically Data (as defined below) in connection with the Agreement. Bank may, from time to time, introduce new features to the Products or otherwise modify or delete existing features of the Products in its sole discretion. Bank shall endeavor to give the Customer reasonable notice of its termination or suspension of access to the Products, including suspension or cancelation of any User Codes, but may do so immediately if Bank determines, in its sole discretion, that providing access to the Products would violate Applicable Law or that the security or integrity of the Products is known or reasonably suspected to be at risk. Access to the Products shall be subject to the Security Procedure.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.In consideration of the fees paid by the Customer to Bank and subject to any applicable software license addendum in relation to Bank-owned or sublicensed software provided for a particular application and Applicable Law, Bank grants to the Customer a non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited and revocable license to use the Products and the information and data made available through the Products or transferred electronically (the "Data") for the Customer's internal business use only. The Customer may download the Data and print out hard copies for its reference, provided that it does not remove any copyright or other notices contained therein. The license granted herein will permit use by the Customer's Authorized Person, provided that such use shall be in compliance with the Agreement, including this Annex. The Customer acknowledges that elements of the Data, including prices, Corporate Action information, and reference data, may have been licensed by Bank from third parties and that any use of such Data beyond that authorized by the foregoing license, may require the permission of one or more third parties in addition to Bank. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 2, or elsewhere in this Annex, shall be deemed to give Bank or its licensors ownership of, or any rights in or to, any confidential information of the Customer, including as it may be accessible or receivable through the Products, and all rights in and to such information shall be retained exclusively by the Customer.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.The Customer acknowledges that there are security, cyberfraud, corruption, transaction error and access availability risks associated with using open networks such as the internet, and the Customer hereby expressly assumes such risks; for clarity, however, the foregoing shall not relieve Bank of its obligation under the first sentence of Section 4 of this Annex. The Customer is solely responsible for obtaining, maintaining and operating all systems, software (including antivirus software, anti-spyware software, and other internet security software) and personnel necessary for the Customer to access and use the Products. All such software must be interoperable with Bank's software. Each of the Customer and Bank shall be responsible for the proper functioning, maintenance and security of its own systems, services, software and other equipment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.In cases where Bank's website is unexpectedly down or otherwise unavailable, Bank shall, absent a force majeure event, provide other appropriate means for the Customer or its Authorized Persons to instruct Bank or obtain reports from Bank. Provided that Bank complies with its obligation to provide such other appropriate means, Bank shall not be liable for any Liabilities arising out of the Customer's inability to access or use the Products via Bank's website in the absence of Bank's gross negligence, fraud or willful misconduct.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.Use of the Products may be monitored, tracked, and recorded. In using the Products, the Customer hereby expressly consents to such monitoring, tracking, and recording, and will ensure that all persons using the Products through or on behalf of Customer are advised of and have consented to this monitoring, tracking and recording, and Bank's right to disclose data derived from such activity in accordance with the Agreement, including this Annex. Bank shall own all right, title and interest in the data reflecting Customer's usage of the Products or Bank's website (including, but not limited to, general usage

data and aggregated transaction data). For clarity, the foregoing shall not be deemed to give Bank ownership of, or any rights in or to, the Customer's confidential information (whether or not in aggregated form), the use or disclosure of which shall at all times be subject to Section 10.6 of this Agreement other otherwise agreed to by the Parties.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.The Customer shall not knowingly use the Products to transmit (i) any virus, worm, or destructive element or any programs or data that may be reasonably expected to interfere with or disrupt the Products or servers connected to the Products; (ii) material that violates the rights of another, including but not limited to the intellectual property rights of another; and (iii) "junk mail", "spam", "chain letters" or unsolicited mass distribution of e-mail.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.The Customer shall promptly and accurately designate in writing to Bank the geographic location of its users upon written request. The Customer further represents and warrants to Bank that the Customer shall not access the Products from any jurisdiction which Bank informs the Customer or where the Customer has actual knowledge that the Products are not authorized for use due to local regulations or laws, including applicable software export rules and regulations. Prior to submitting any document which designates the persons authorized to act on the Customer's behalf, the Customer shall obtain from each individual referred to in such document all necessary consents to enable Bank to process the data set out therein for the purposes of providing the Products.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.Bank and Customer will be subject to and shall comply with all Applicable Law concerning restricting collection, use, disclosure, processing and free movement of the Data (collectively, the "Privacy Regulations"). The Privacy Regulations may include, as applicable, the Federal "Privacy of Consumer Financial Information" Regulation (12 CFR Part 40) and Interagency Guidelines Establishing Information Security Standards (App B to 12 CFR Part 30), as amended from time to time, issued pursuant to Section 504 of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (15 U.S.C. §6801, et seq.), the Health and Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C. §1320d), The Data Protection Act 1998 and Directive 95/46/EC, 2009/136/EC and 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, as amended from time to time, and applicable implementing legislation in connection with the protection of individuals with regard to processing of personal data and the free movement of such data.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.The Customer shall be responsible for the compliance of its Authorized Persons with the terms of the Agreement, including this Annex.

**SCHEDULE 1 – AGENT AND CASH NETWORK (CUSTODY & FUND SERVICES)**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **MARKET** | **SUBCUSTODIAN** | **CASH CORRESPONDENT BANK** |
| ARGENTINA | HSBC Bank Argentina S.A. | HSBC Bank Argentina S.A. |
|  | Bouchard 680, 9th Floor | Buenos Aires |
|  | C1106ABJ Buenos Aires |  |
|  | ARGENTINA |  |
| AUSTRALIA | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* | Australia and New Zealand Banking |
|  | Level 31, 101 Collins Street | Group Ltd. |
|  | Melbourne 3000 | Melbourne |
|  | AUSTRALIA |  |
| AUSTRIA | UniCredit Bank Austria AG | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | Julius Tandler Platz 3 | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | A 1090 Vienna |  |
|  | AUSTRIA |  |
| BAHRAIN | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited |
|  | Road No 2832 | Al Seef |
|  | Al Seef 428 |  |
|  | BAHRAIN |  |
| BANGLADESH | Standard Chartered Bank | Standard Chartered Bank |
|  | Portlink Tower | Dhaka |
|  | Level 6, 67 Gulshan Avenue |  |
|  | Gulshan |  |
|  | Dhaka 1212 |  |
|  | BANGLADESH |  |
| BELGIUM | BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A. | J.P. Morgan A.G.\*\* |
|  | Central Plaza Building | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | Rue de Loxum, 25 |  |
|  | 7th Floor |  |
|  | 1000 Brussels |  |
|  | BELGIUM |  |
| BERMUDA | HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited | HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited |
|  | 6 Front Street | Hamilton |
|  | Hamilton HM 11 |  |
|  | BERMUDA |  |
| BOTSWANA | Standard Chartered Bank Botswana Limited | Standard Chartered Bank Botswana |
|  | 5th Floor, Standard House | Limited |
|  | P.O. Box 496 | Gaborone |
|  | Queens Road, The Mall |  |
|  | Gaborone |  |
|  | BOTSWANA |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| BRAZIL | J.P. Morgan S.A. DTVM\*\* | J.P. Morgan S.A. DTVM\*\* |
|  | Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 3729, Floor 06 | Sao Paulo |
|  | Sao Paulo SP 04538 905 |  |
|  | BRAZIL |  |
| BULGARIA | Citibank Europe plc | ING Bank N.V. |
|  | Serdika Offices | Sofia |
|  | 10th Floor |  |
|  | 48 Sitnyakovo Blvd |  |
|  | Sofia 1505 |  |
|  | BULGARIA |  |
| CANADA | Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce | Royal Bank of Canada |
|  | 1 York Street, Suite 900 | Toronto |
|  | Toronto Ontario M5J 0B6 |  |
|  | CANADA |  |
|  | Royal Bank of Canada |  |
|  | 155 Wellington Street West, |  |
|  | Toronto Ontario M5V 3L3 |  |
|  | CANADA |  |
| CHILE | Banco Santander Chile | Banco Santander Chile |
|  | Bandera 140, Piso 4 | Santiago |
|  | Santiago |  |
|  | CHILE |  |
| CHINA A | HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited | HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited |
| SHARE | 33/F, HSBC Building, Shanghai ifc | Shanghai |
|  | 8 Century Avenue, Pudong |  |
|  | Shanghai 200120 |  |
|  | THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA |  |
| CHINA B | HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
| SHARE | 33/F, HSBC Building, Shanghai ifc | New York |
|  | 8 Century Avenue, Pudong |  |
|  | Shanghai 200120 | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
|  | THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA | Hong Kong |
| CHINA | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
| CONNECT | 48th Floor, One Island East | Hong Kong |
|  | 18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay |  |
|  | HONG KONG |  |
| COLOMBIA | Cititrust Colombia S.A. | Cititrust Colombia S.A. |
|  | Carrera 9 A # 99 02, 3rd floor | Bogotá |
|  | Bogota |  |
|  | COLOMBIA |  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| \*COSTA RICA\* Banco BCT, S.A. | Banco BCT, S.A. |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;150 Metros Norte de la Catedral | San Jose |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Metropolitana |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Edificio BCT |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;San Jose |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;COSTA RICA |  |

---

\*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION\*

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| CROATIA | Privredna banka Zagreb d.d. | Zagrebacka banka d.d. |
|  | Radnicka cesta 50 | Zagreb |
|  | 10000 Zagreb |  |
|  | CROATIA |  |
| CYPRUS | HSBC Bank plc | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | 109 111, Messogian Ave. | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | 115 26 Athens |  |
|  | GREECE |  |
| CZECH | UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, | Ceskoslovenska obchodni banka, a.s. |
| REPUBLIC | a.s. | Prague |
|  | BB Centrum FILADELFIE |  |
|  | Zeletavska 1525 1 |  |
|  | 140 92 Prague 1 |  |
|  | CZECH REPUBLIC |  |
| DENMARK | Nordea Bank AB (publ) | Nordea Bank AB (publ) |
|  | Christiansbro | Copenhagen |
|  | Strandgade 3 |  |
|  | P.O. Box 850 |  |
|  | DK 0900 Copenhagen |  |
|  | DENMARK |  |
| EGYPT | Citibank, N.A. | Citibank, N.A. |
|  | 4 Ahmed Pasha Street | Cairo |
|  | Garden City |  |
|  | Cairo |  |
|  | EGYPT |  |
| ESTONIA | Swedbank AS | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | Liivalaia 8 | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | 15040 Tallinn |  |
|  | ESTONIA |  |
| FINLAND | Nordea Bank AB (publ) | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | Aleksis Kiven katu 3 5 | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | FIN 00020 NORDEA Helsinki |  |
|  | FINLAND |  |
| FRANCE | BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A. | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | 3, rue d'Antin | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | 75002 Paris |  |
|  | FRANCE |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| GERMANY | Deutsche Bank AG | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | Alfred Herrhausen Allee 16 24 | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | D 65760 Eschborn |  |
|  | GERMANY |  |
|  | J.P. Morgan AG#\*\* |  |
|  | Taunustor 1 (TaunusTurm) |  |
|  | 60310 Frankfurt am Main |  |
|  | GERMANY |  |
|  | # Custodian for local German custody clients |  |
|  | only. |  |
| GHANA | Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited | Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited |
|  | Accra High Street | Accra |
|  | P.O. Box 768 |  |
|  | Accra |  |
|  | GHANA |  |
| GREECE | HSBC Bank plc | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | Messogion 109 111 | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | 11526 Athens |  |
|  | GREECE |  |
| HONG KONG | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
|  | 48th Floor, One Island East | Hong Kong |
|  | 18 Westlands Road, Quarry Bay |  |
|  | HONG KONG |  |
| HUNGARY | Deutsche Bank AG | ING Bank N.V. |
|  | Hold utca 27 | Budapest |
|  | H 1054 Budapest |  |
|  | HUNGARY |  |
| \*ICELAND\* | Islandsbanki hf. | Islandsbanki hf. |
|  | Kirkjusandur 2 | Reykjavik |
|  | IS 155 Reykjavik |  |
|  | ICELAND |  |

---

\*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION\*

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| INDIA | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
|  | 6th Floor, Paradigm 'B' Wing | Mumbai |
|  | Mindspace, Malad (West) |  |
|  | Mumbai 400 064 |  |
|  | INDIA |  |
| INDONESIA | PT Bank HSBC Indonesia | PT Bank HSBC Indonesia |
|  | Menara Mulia 25th Floor | Jakarta |
|  | Jl. Jendral Gatot Subroto Kav. 9 11 |  |
|  | Jakarta 12930 |  |
|  | INDONESIA |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| IRELAND | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | 25 Bank Street, Canary Wharf | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | London E14 5JP |  |
|  | UNITED KINGDOM |  |
| ISRAEL | Bank Leumi le Israel B.M. | Bank Leumi le Israel B.M. |
|  | 35, Yehuda Halevi Street | Tel Aviv |
|  | 65136 Tel Aviv |  |
|  | ISRAEL |  |
| ITALY | BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A. | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | Piazza Lina Bo Bardi, 3 | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | 20124 Milan |  |
|  | ITALY |  |
| JAPAN | Mizuho Bank, Ltd. | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
|  | 2 15 1, Konan | Tokyo |
|  | Minato ku |  |
|  | Tokyo 108 6009 |  |
|  | JAPAN |  |
|  | The Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. |  |
|  | 1 3 2 Nihombashi Hongoku cho |  |
|  | Chuo ku |  |
|  | Tokyo 103 0021 |  |
|  | JAPAN |  |
| JORDAN | Standard Chartered Bank | Standard Chartered Bank |
|  | Shmeissani Branch | Amman |
|  | Al Thaqafa Street |  |
|  | Building # 2 |  |
|  | P.O. Box 926190 |  |
|  | Amman |  |
|  | JORDAN |  |
| KAZAKHSTAN | JSC Citibank Kazakhstan | Subsidiary Bank Sberbank of Russia Joint |
|  | Park Palace, Building A, Floor 2 | Stock Company |
|  | 41 Kazybek Bi | Almaty |
|  | Almaty 050010 |  |
|  | KAZAKHSTAN |  |
| KENYA | Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited | Standard Chartered Bank Kenya Limited |
|  | Chiromo | Nairobi |
|  | 48 Westlands Road |  |
|  | Nairobi 00100 |  |
|  | KENYA |  |
| KUWAIT | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited |
|  | Kuwait City, Sharq Area | Safat |
|  | Abdulaziz Al Sager Street |  |
|  | Al Hamra Tower, 37F |  |
|  | Safat 13017 |  |
|  | KUWAIT |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| LATVIA | Swedbank AS | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | Balasta dambis 1a | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | Riga LV 1048 |  |
|  | LATVIA |  |
| LITHUANIA | AB SEB Bankas | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | 12 Gedimino pr. | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | LT 2600 Vilnius |  |
|  | LITHUANIA |  |
| LUXEMBOURG | BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A. | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | 33, Rue de Gasperich | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | L 5826 Hesperange |  |
|  | LUXEMBOURG |  |
| \*MALAWI\* | Standard Bank Limited, Malawi | Standard Bank Limited, Malawi |
|  | 1st Floor Kaomba House | Blantyre |
|  | Cnr Glyn Jones Road & Victoria Avenue |  |
|  | Blantyre |  |
|  | MALAWI |  |

---

\*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION\*

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| MALAYSIA | HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad | HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad |
|  | 2 Leboh Ampang | Kuala Lumpur |
|  | 12th Floor, South Tower |  |
|  | 50100 Kuala Lumpur |  |
|  | MALAYSIA |  |
| MAURITIUS | The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking | The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking |
|  | Corporation Limited | Corporation Limited |
|  | HSBC Centre | Ebene |
|  | 18 Cybercity |  |
|  | Ebene |  |
|  | MAURITIUS |  |
| MEXICO | Banco Nacional de Mexico, S.A. | Banco Santander (Mexico), S.A. |
|  | Act. Roberto Medellin No. 800 3er Piso Norte | Mexico, D.F. |
|  | Colonia Santa Fe |  |
|  | 01210 Mexico, D.F. |  |
|  | MEXICO |  |
| MOROCCO | Société Générale Marocaine de Banques | Attijariwafa Bank S.A. |
|  | 55 Boulevard Abdelmoumen | Casablanca |
|  | Casablanca 20100 |  |
|  | MOROCCO |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| NAMIBIA | Standard Bank Namibia Limited | The Standard Bank of South Africa |
|  | 2nd Floor, Town Square Building | Limited |
|  | Corner of Werner List and Post Street Mall | Johannesburg |
|  | P.O. Box 3327 |  |
|  | Windhoek |  |
|  | NAMIBIA |  |
| NETHERLANDS | BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A. | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | Herengracht 595 | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | 1017 CE Amsterdam |  |
|  | NETHERLANDS |  |
| NEW ZEALAND | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* | Westpac Banking Corporation |
|  | Level 13, 2 Hunter Street | Wellington |
|  | Wellington 6011 |  |
|  | NEW ZEALAND |  |
| NIGERIA | Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc |
|  | Plot 1712 | Lagos |
|  | Idejo Street |  |
|  | Victoria Island |  |
|  | Lagos |  |
|  | NIGERIA |  |
| NORWAY | Nordea Bank AB (publ) | Nordea Bank AB (publ) |
|  | Essendropsgate 7 | Oslo |
|  | P.O. Box 1166 |  |
|  | NO 0107 Oslo |  |
|  | NORWAY |  |
| OMAN | HSBC Bank Oman S.A.O.G. | HSBC Bank Oman S.A.O.G. |
|  | 2nd Floor Al Khuwair | Seeb |
|  | P.O. Box 1727 PC 111 |  |
|  | Seeb |  |
|  | OMAN |  |
| PAKISTAN | Standard Chartered Bank (Pakistan) Limited | Standard Chartered Bank (Pakistan) |
|  | P.O. Box 4896 | Limited |
|  | Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar Road | Karachi |
|  | Karachi 74000 |  |
|  | PAKISTAN |  |
| PERU | Citibank del Per÷ S.A. | Banco de Crédito del Per÷ |
|  | Av. Canaval y Moreryra 480 Piso 3 | Lima |
|  | San Isidro |  |
|  | Lima 27 |  |
|  | PERU |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| PHILIPPINES | The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking | The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking |
|  | Corporation Limited | Corporation Limited |
|  | 7/F HSBC Centre | Taguig City |
|  | 3058 Fifth Avenue West |  |
|  | Bonifacio Global City |  |
|  | 1634 Taguig City |  |
|  | PHILIPPINES |  |
| POLAND | Bank Handlowy w. Warszawie S.A. | mBank S.A. |
|  | ul. Senatorska 16 | Warsaw |
|  | 00 923 Warsaw |  |
|  | POLAND |  |
| PORTUGAL | BNP Paribas Securities Services S.C.A. | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | Avenida D.Jo÷o II, Lote 1.18.01, Bloco B, | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | 7º andar |  |
|  | 1998 028 Lisbon |  |
|  | PORTUGAL |  |
| QATAR | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited | The Commercial Bank (P.Q.S.C.) |
|  | 2nd Floor, Ali Bin Ali Tower | Doha |
|  | Building 150 (Airport Road) |  |
|  | P.O. Box 57 |  |
|  | Doha |  |
|  | QATAR |  |
| ROMANIA | Citibank Europe plc | ING Bank N.V. |
|  | 145 Calea Victoriei | Bucharest |
|  | 1st District |  |
|  | 010072 Bucharest |  |
|  | ROMANIA |  |
| RUSSIA | J.P. Morgan Bank International (Limited | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
|  | Liability Company)\*\* | New York |
|  | 10, Butyrsky Val |  |
|  | White Square Business Centre |  |
|  | Floor 12 |  |
|  | Moscow 125047 |  |
|  | RUSSIA |  |
| SAUDI ARABIA | HSBC Saudi Arabia | HSBC Saudi Arabia |
|  | 2/F HSBC Building | Riyadh |
|  | 7267 Olaya Street North, Al Murooj |  |
|  | Riyadh 12283 2255 |  |
|  | SAUDI ARABIA |  |
| SERBIA | Unicredit Bank Srbija a.d. | Unicredit Bank Srbija a.d. |
|  | Rajiceva 27 29 | Belgrade |
|  | 11000 Belgrade |  |
|  | SERBIA |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| SINGAPORE | &nbsp;&nbsp;DBS Bank Ltd | Oversea Chinese Banking Corporation |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;10 Toh Guan Road | Singapore |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;DBS Asia Gateway, Level 04 11 (4B) |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;608838 |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SINGAPORE |  |
| SLOVAK | &nbsp;&nbsp;UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia, | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
| REPUBLIC | &nbsp;&nbsp;a.s. | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Sancova 1/A |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SK 813 33 Bratislava |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SLOVAK REPUBLIC |  |
| SLOVENIA | &nbsp;&nbsp;UniCredit Banka Slovenija d.d. | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Smartinska 140 | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SI 1000 Ljubljana |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SLOVENIA |  |
| SOUTH AFRICA | &nbsp;&nbsp;FirstRand Bank Limited | The Standard Bank of South Africa |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;1 Mezzanine Floor, 3 First Place, Bank City | Limited |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Cnr Simmonds and Jeppe Streets | Johannesburg |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Johannesburg 2001 |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SOUTH AFRICA |  |
| SOUTH KOREA | &nbsp;&nbsp;Standard Chartered Bank Korea Limited | Standard Chartered Bank Korea Limited |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;47 Jongro, Jongro Gu | Seoul |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Seoul 03160 |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SOUTH KOREA |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Kookmin Bank Co., Ltd. | Kookmin Bank Co., Ltd. |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;84, Namdaemun ro, Jung gu | Seoul |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Seoul 100 845 |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SOUTH KOREA |  |
| SPAIN | &nbsp;&nbsp;Santander Securities Services, S.A. | J.P. Morgan AG\*\* |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Ciudad Grupo Santander | Frankfurt am Main |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Avenida de Cantabria, s/n |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Edificio Ecinar, planta baja |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Boadilla del Monte |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;28660 Madrid |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SPAIN |  |
| SRI LANKA | &nbsp;&nbsp;The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking | The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporation Limited | Corporation Limited |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;24 Sir Baron Jayatillaka Mawatha | Colombo |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Colombo 1 |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SRI LANKA |  |
| SWEDEN | &nbsp;&nbsp;Nordea Bank AB (publ) | Svenska Handelsbanken |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;Hamngatan 10 | Stockholm |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SE 105 71 Stockholm |  |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;SWEDEN |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| SWITZERLAND | UBS Switzerland AG | UBS Switzerland AG |
|  | 45 Bahnhofstrasse | Zurich |
|  | 8021 Zurich |  |
|  | SWITZERLAND |  |
| TAIWAN | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
|  | 8th Floor, Cathay Xin Yi Trading Building | Taipei |
|  | No. 108, Section 5, Xin Yi Road |  |
|  | Taipei 11047 |  |
|  | TAIWAN |  |
| \*TANZANIA\* | Stanbic Bank Tanzania Limited | Stanbic Bank Tanzania Limited |
|  | Stanbic Centre | Dar es Salaam |
|  | Corner Kinondoni and A.H. Mwinyi Roads |  |
|  | P.O. Box 72648 |  |
|  | Dar es Salaam |  |
|  | TANZANIA |  |

---

\*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION\*

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| THAILAND | Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public | Standard Chartered Bank (Thai) Public |
|  | Company Limited | Company Limited |
|  | 14th Floor, Zone B | Bangkok |
|  | Sathorn Nakorn Tower |  |
|  | 90 North Sathorn Road Bangrak |  |
|  | Silom, Bangrak |  |
|  | Bangkok 10500 |  |
|  | THAILAND |  |
| TRINIDAD AND | Republic Bank Limited | Republic Bank Limited |
| TOBAGO | 9 17 Park Street | Port of Spain |
|  | Port of Spain |  |
|  | TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO |  |
| TUNISIA | Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie, S.A. | Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie, |
|  | 70 72 Avenue Habib Bourguiba | S.A. |
|  | P.O. Box 520 | Tunis |
|  | Tunis 1000 |  |
|  | TUNISIA |  |
| TURKEY | Citibank A.S. | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
|  | Inkilap Mah., Yilmaz Plaza | Istanbul |
|  | O. Faik Atakan Caddesi No: 3 |  |
|  | 34768 Umraniye, Istanbul |  |
|  | TURKEY |  |
| UGANDA | Standard Chartered Bank Uganda Limited | Standard Chartered Bank Uganda Limited |
|  | 5 Speke Road | Kampala |
|  | P.O. Box 7111 |  |
|  | Kampala |  |
|  | UGANDA |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| \*UKRAINE\* | PJSC Citibank | PJSC Citibank |
|  | 16 G Dilova Street | Kiev |
|  | 03150 Kiev |  |
|  | UKRAINE | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
|  |  | New York |

---

\*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION\*

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| UNITED ARAB | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited | The National Bank of Abu Dhabi |
| EMIRATES | Emaar Square, Level 4, Building No. 5 | Abu Dhabi |
| ADX | P.O. Box 502601 |  |
|  | Dubai |  |
|  | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES |  |
| UNITED ARAB | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited | The National Bank of Abu Dhabi |
| EMIRATES | Emaar Square, Level 4, Building No. 5 | Abu Dhabi |
| DFM | P.O. Box 502601 |  |
|  | Dubai |  |
|  | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES |  |
| UNITED ARAB | HSBC Bank Middle East Limited | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. \*\* |
| EMIRATES | Emaar Square, Level 4, Building No. 5 | New York |
| NASDAQ | P.O. Box 502601 |  |
| DUBAI | Dubai |  |
|  | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES |  |
| UNITED | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
| KINGDOM | 25 Bank Street, Canary Wharf | London |
|  | London E14 5JP |  |
|  | UNITED KINGDOM |  |
|  | Deutsche Bank AG Depository and Clearing | Varies by currency |
|  | Centre |  |
|  | 10 Bishops Square |  |
|  | London E1 6EG |  |
|  | UNITED KINGDOM |  |
| UNITED | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* | JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.\*\* |
| STATES | 4 New York Plaza | New York |
|  | New York NY 10004 |  |
|  | UNITED STATES |  |
| URUGUAY | Banco Ita÷ Uruguay S.A. | Banco Ita÷ Uruguay S.A. |
|  | Zabala 1463 | Montevideo |
|  | 11000 Montevideo |  |
|  | URUGUAY |  |
| VENEZUELA | Citibank, N.A. | Citibank, N.A. |
|  | Avenida Casanova | Caracas |
|  | Centro Comercial El Recreo |  |
|  | Torre Norte, Piso 19 |  |
|  | Caracas 1050 |  |
|  | VENEZUELA |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| VIETNAM | HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd. | HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd. |
|  | Centre Point | Ho Chi Minh City |
|  | 106 Nguyen Van Troi Street |  |
|  | Phu Nhuan District |  |
|  | Ho Chi Minh City |  |
|  | VIETNAM |  |
| \*WAEMU | Standard Chartered Bank C÷te d'Ivoire SA | Standard Chartered Bank C÷te d'Ivoire SA |
| BENIN, | 23 Boulevard de la Republique 1 | Abidjan |
| BURKINA | 01 B.P. 1141 |  |
| FASO, GUINEA | Abidjan 17 |  |
| BISSAU, IVORY | IVORY COAST |  |
| COAST, MALI, |  |  |
| NIGER, |  |  |
| SENEGAL, |  |  |
| TOGO\* |  |  |

---

\*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION\*

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| ZAMBIA | Standard Chartered Bank Zambia Plc | Standard Chartered Bank Zambia Plc |
|  | Standard Chartered House | Lusaka |
|  | Cairo Road |  |
|  | P.O. Box 32238 |  |
|  | Lusaka 10101 |  |
|  | ZAMBIA |  |
| \*ZIMBABWE\* | Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited | Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited |
|  | Stanbic Centre, 3rd Floor | Harare |
|  | 59 Samora Machel Avenue |  |
|  | Harare |  |
|  | ZIMBABWE |  |

---

\*RESTRICTED SERVICE ONLY. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR RELATIONSHIP MANAGER FOR FURTHER INFORMATION\*

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **\*\* J.P. Morgan affiliate** | **Correspondent banks are listed for information only.** |

---

This document is for information only and its contents are subject to change. This document is intended neither to influence your investment decisions nor to amend or supplement any agreement governing your relations with J.P. Morgan. Neither this document nor any of its contents may be disclosed to any third party or used for any other purpose without the proper written consent of J.P. Morgan. J.P. Morgan has gathered the information from a source it considers reliable, however, it cannot be responsible for inaccuracies, incomplete information or updating of the information furnished hereby.

**SCHEDULE 3 – SECURITIES DEPOSITORIES**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Market** | **Depository** | **Instruments** |
| ARGENTINA | CVSA | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Caja de Valores S.A.) |  |
| AUSTRALIA | ASX Settlement | Equity |
|  | (ASX Settlement Pty Limited) |  |
|  | Austraclear | Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Austraclear Limited) |  |
| AUSTRIA | OeKB CSD GmbH | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Oesterreichische Kontrollbank CSD |  |
|  | GmbH) |  |
| BAHRAIN | CSD | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Bahrain Bourse - Clearing, Settlement and |  |
|  | Central Depository) |  |
| BANGLADESH | BB | Government Debt |
|  | (Bangladesh Bank) |  |
|  | CDBL | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Central Depository Bangladesh Limited) |  |
| BELGIUM | Euroclear Belgium | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Euroclear Belgium SA/NV) |  |
|  | NBB | Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (The National Bank of Belgium) |  |
| BERMUDA | BSD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Bermuda Stock Exchange - Bermuda |  |
|  | Securities Depository) |  |
| BOTSWANA | BoB | Government Debt |
|  | (Bank of Botswana) |  |
|  | CSDB | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Central Securities Depository of Botswana |  |
|  | Ltd) |  |
| BRAZIL | BM&FBOVESPA | Equity |
|  | (B3 S.A. - BM&FBOVESPA) |  |
|  | CETIP | Corporate Debt |
|  | (B3 S.A. - CETIP) |  |
|  | SELIC | Government Debt |
|  | (Banco Central do Brasil - Sistema Especial |  |
|  | de Liquida÷÷o e Cust÷dia) |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| BULGARIA | CDAD | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Central Depository AD) |  |
|  | BNB | Government Debt |
|  | (Bulgarian National Bank) |  |
| CANADA | CDS Clearing | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (CDS Clearing and Depository Services |  |
|  | Inc.) |  |
| CHILE | DCV | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Dep÷sito Central de Valores S.A.) |  |
| CHINA A-SHARE | CSDCC | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (China Securities Depository and Clearing |  |
|  | Corporation Limited) |  |
|  | SCH | Short-term Corporate Debt |
|  | (Shanghai Clearing House) |  |
|  | CCDC | Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (China Central Depository & Clearing Co., |  |
|  | Ltd.) |  |
| CHINA B-SHARE | CSDCC | Equity |
|  | (China Securities Depository and Clearing |  |
|  | Corporation Limited) |  |
| CHINA | HKSCC - for China Connect | Equity |
| CONNECT | (Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company |  |
|  | Limited) |  |
| COLOMBIA | DCV | Government Debt |
|  | (Banco de la Républica de Colombia - |  |
|  | Dep÷sito Central de Valores) |  |
|  | DECEVAL | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Dep÷sito Centralizado de Valores de |  |
|  | Colombia S.A.) |  |
| COSTA RICA | InterClear | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (InterClear, S.A.) |  |
| CROATIA | SKDD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Središnje klirinško depozitarno društvo |  |
|  | d.d.) |  |
| CYPRUS | CDCR | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Cyprus Stock Exchange - Central |  |
|  | Depository and Central Registry) |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| CZECH | CNB | Short-Term Corporate Debt, Short-Term |
| REPUBLIC | (Ceská národn÷ banka) | Government Debt |
|  | CDCP | Equity, Long-Term Corporate Debt, Long- |
|  | (Centráln÷ depozitár cenn÷ch pap÷ru, a.s.) | Term Government Debt |
| DENMARK | VP | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (VP Securities A/S) |  |
| EGYPT | MCDR | Equity, Corporate Debt, Treasury Bonds |
|  | (Misr for Central Clearing, Depository and |  |
|  | Registry) |  |
|  | CBE | Treasury Bills |
|  | (Central Bank of Egypt) |  |
| ESTONIA | ECSD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Eesti V÷÷rtpaberikeskus AS) |  |
| FINLAND | Euroclear Finland | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Euroclear Finland Oy) |  |
| FRANCE | Euroclear France | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Euroclear France SA) |  |
| GERMANY | CBF | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Clearstream Banking AG) |  |
| GHANA | CSD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Central Securities Depository (GH) Ltd.) |  |
| GREECE | BoG | Government Debt |
|  | (Bank of Greece) |  |
|  | ATHEXCSD | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Hellenic Central Securities Depository) |  |
| HONG KONG | HKSCC | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company |  |
|  | Limited) |  |
|  | CMU | Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Hong Kong Monetary Authority - Central |  |
|  | Moneymarkets Unit) |  |
| HUNGARY | KELER | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (K÷zponti Elszámol÷ház és ÷rtéktár |  |
|  | (Budapest) Zrt.) |  |
| ICELAND | Nasdaq CSD Iceland hf. | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Nasdaq ver÷bréfami÷st÷÷ hf.) |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| INDIA | NSDL | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (National Securities Depository Limited) |  |
|  | CDSL | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Central Depository Services (India) |  |
|  | Limited) |  |
|  | RBI | Government Debt |
|  | (Reserve Bank of India) |  |
| INDONESIA | KSEI | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt\* |
|  | (PT Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia) | (\*acts as sub-registry) |
|  | BI | Government Debt |
|  | (Bank Indonesia) |  |
| INTERNATIONAL | Euroclear Bank | Internationally Traded Debt, Equity |
| SECURITIES | (Euroclear Bank SA/NV) |  |
| MARKET | CBL | Internationally Traded Debt, Equity |
|  | CBL | Internationally Traded Debt, Equity |
|  | (Clearstream Banking S.A.) |  |
| IRELAND | EUI | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Euroclear U.K. & Ireland Limited) |  |
| ISRAEL | TASE-CH | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange Clearing House |  |
|  | Ltd.) |  |
| ITALY | Monte Titoli | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Monte Titoli S.p.A.) |  |
| JAPAN | JASDEC | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Japan Securities Depository Center, |  |
|  | Incorporated) |  |
|  | BOJ | Government Debt |
|  | (Bank of Japan) |  |
| JORDAN | SDC | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Securities Depository Center) |  |
| KAZAKHSTAN | KACD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Central Securities Depository Joint-Stock |  |
|  | Company) |  |
| KENYA | CDS | Government Debt |
|  | (Central Bank of Kenya - Central |  |
|  | Depository System) |  |
|  | CDSC | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Central Depository and Settlement |  |
|  | Corporation Limited) |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| KUWAIT | KCC | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (The Kuwait Clearing Company K.S.C.) |  |
| LATVIA | LCD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Latvian Central Depository) |  |
| LITHUANIA | CSDL | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Central Securities Depository of |  |
|  | Lithuania) |  |
| LUXEMBOURG | CBL | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Clearstream Banking S.A.) |  |
| MALAYSIA | Bursa Depository | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Bursa Malaysia Depository Sdn Bhd) |  |
|  | BNM | Government Debt |
|  | (Bank Negara Malaysia) |  |
| MAURITIUS | CDS | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Central Depository & Settlement Co. Ltd) |  |
|  | BOM | Government Debt |
|  | (Bank of Mauritius) |  |
| MEXICO | Indeval | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (S.D. Indeval S.A. de C.V.) |  |
| MOROCCO | Maroclear | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Maroclear) |  |
| NETHERLANDS | Euroclear Nederland | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Euroclear Nederland) |  |
| NEW ZEALAND | NZCSD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (New Zealand Central Securities |  |
|  | Depository Limited) |  |
| NIGERIA | CSCS | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Central Securities Clearing System Plc) |  |
|  | CBN | Government Debt |
|  | (Central Bank of Nigeria) |  |
| NORWAY | VPS | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Verdipapirsentralen ASA) |  |
| OMAN | MCD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Muscat Clearing and Depository Co. |  |
|  | (S.A.O.C)) |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| PAKISTAN | SBP | Government Debt |
|  | (State Bank of Pakistan) |  |
|  | CDC | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Central Depository Company of Pakistan |  |
|  | Limited) |  |
| PERU | CAVALI | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (CAVALI S.A. I.C.L.V.) |  |
| PHILIPPINES | PDTC | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Philippine Depository and Trust |  |
|  | Corporation) |  |
|  | RoSS | Government Debt |
|  | (Bureau of Treasury - Registry of Scripless |  |
|  | Securities) |  |
| POLAND | KDPW | Equity, Corporate Debt, Long-Term |
|  | (Krajowy Depozyt Papier÷w | Government Debt |
|  | Wartosciowych S.A.) |  |
|  | RPW | Short-Term Government Debt |
|  | (National Bank of Poland - Registry of |  |
|  | Securities) |  |
| PORTUGAL | INTERBOLSA | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Sociedade Gestora de Sistemas de |  |
|  | Liquida÷÷o e de Sistemas Centralizados de |  |
|  | Valores Mobiliários, S.A.) |  |
| QATAR | QCSD | Equity, Government Debt |
|  | (Qatar Central Securities Depository) |  |
| ROMANIA | CD S.A. | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Central Depository S.A.) |  |
|  | NBR | Government Debt |
|  | (National Bank of Romania) |  |
| RUSSIA | NSD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (National Settlement Depository) |  |
| SAUDI ARABIA | SDCC | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Securities Depository Center Company) |  |
| SERBIA | CSD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Central Securities Depository and Clearing |  |
|  | House) |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| SINGAPORE | CDP | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government |
|  | (The Central Depository (Pte) Limited) | Securities |
|  | MAS | Government Securities |
|  | (Monetary Authority of Singapore) |  |
| SLOVAK | CDCP | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
| REPUBLIC | (Centrálny depozitár cenn÷ch papierov SR, |  |
|  | a.s.) |  |
| SLOVENIA | KDD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Centralna klirinško depotna družba d.d.) |  |
| SOUTH AFRICA | Strate | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Strate (Pty) Limited) |  |
| SOUTH KOREA | KSD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Korea Securities Depository) |  |
| SPAIN | IBERCLEAR | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Sociedad de Sistemas) |  |
| SRI LANKA | CDS | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Central Depository Systems (Pvt.) Ltd.) |  |
|  | LankaSecure | Government Debt |
|  | (Central Bank of Sri Lanka - LankaSecure) |  |
| SWEDEN | Euroclear Sweden | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Euroclear Sweden AB) |  |
| SWITZERLAND | SIS | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (SIX SIS AG) |  |
| TAIWAN | TDCC | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Taiwan Depository and Clearing |  |
|  | Corporation) |  |
|  | CBC | Government Debt |
|  | (Central Bank of the Republic of China |  |
|  | (Taiwan)) |  |
| TANZANIA | CDS | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange Central |  |
|  | Depository System) |  |
| THAILAND | TSD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Thailand Securities Depository Company |  |
|  | Limited) |  |
| TRINIDAD AND | TTCD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
| TOBAGO | (Trinidad and Tobago Central Depository |  |
|  | Limited) |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| TUNISIA | Tunisie Clearing | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Tunisie Clearing) |  |
| TURKEY | CBRT | Government Debt |
|  | (T÷rkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankasi |  |
|  | A.S.) |  |
|  | CRA | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Merkezi Kayit Kurulusu A.S.) |  |
| UGANDA | CSD | Government Debt |
|  | (Bank of Uganda - Central Securities |  |
|  | Depository) |  |
|  | SCD | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Uganda Securities Exchange - Securities |  |
|  | Central Depository) |  |
| UKRAINE | NDU | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (National Depository of Ukraine) |  |
| UNITED ARAB | ADX | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
| EMIRATES - ADX | (Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange) |  |
| UNITED ARAB | DFM | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
| EMIRATES - DFM | (Dubai Financial Market) |  |
| UNITED ARAB | NASDAQ Dubai | Corporate Debt |
| EMIRATES - | (NASDAQ Dubai Limited) |  |
| NASDAQ DUBAI |  |  |
| UNITED | EUI | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
| KINGDOM | (Euroclear U.K. & Ireland Limited) |  |
| UNITED STATES | FRB | Government Debt, Mortgage Backed |
|  | (Federal Reserve Bank) | Securities |
|  | DTC | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Depository Trust Company) |  |
| URUGUAY | BCU | Government Debt |
|  | (Banco Central del Uruguay) |  |
| VENEZUELA | CVV | Equity, Corporate Debt |
|  | (Caja Venezolana de Valores, S.A.) |  |
|  | BCV | Government Debt |
|  | (Banco Central de Venezuela) |  |
| VIETNAM | VSD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
|  | (Vietnam Securities Depository) |  |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| WAEMU - BENIN, | DC/BR | Equity, Corporate Debt, Government Debt |
| BURKINA FASO, | (Le Dépositaire Central / Banque de |  |
| GUINEA-BISSAU, | Règlement) |  |
| IVORY COAST, |  |  |
| MALI, NIGER, |  |  |
| SENEGAL, TOGO |  |  |
| ZAMBIA | LuSE CSD | Equity, Corporate Debt, Treasury Bonds |
|  | (Lusaka Stock Exchange Central Shares |  |
|  | Depository) |  |
|  | BoZ | Government Debt |
|  | (Bank of Zambia) |  |
| ZIMBABWE | CDC | Equity |
|  | (Chengetedzai Depository Company |  |
|  | Limited) |  |

---

This document is for information only and its contents are subject to change. This document is intended neither to influence your investment decisions nor to amend or supplement any agreement governing your relations with J.P. Morgan. Neither this document nor any of its contents may be disclosed to any third party or used for any other purpose without the proper written consent of J.P. Morgan. J.P. Morgan has gathered the information from a source it considers reliable, however, it cannot be responsible for inaccuracies, incomplete information or updating of the information furnished hereby.

**EXHIBIT 1—Amendment 2**

The following is an amendment, dated as of December 22, 2017 ("Amendment"), to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the "Agreement"), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. ("Bank") and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a "Trust"). This Amendment serves to update the names of the Trusts and certain of their portfolios (each, a "Fund") listed on Exhibit 1. Bank and Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the following Trusts and Funds listed below. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Amendment have the meanings ascribed to them in the Agreement.

Vanguard Admiral Funds

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Bond Index Funds

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund

Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds

Vanguard GNMA Fund

Vanguard REIT II Index Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Core Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Precious Metals and Mining Fund

Vanguard REIT Index Fund

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund

Vanguard STAR Fund

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Conservative Allocation Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

Global Bond Index Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Moderate Allocation Portfolio

REIT Index Portfolio

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard International Explorer Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund

(Rest of page left intentionally blank)

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions:

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Fenway Funds

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Capital Value Fund

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Explorer Value Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard REIT Index Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio

Vanguard Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard International Portfolio

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

Vanguard Windsor Funds

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Telecommunications Services Index Fund

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund

(Rest of page left intentionally blank)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT |
|  | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON |
|  | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO |
| By: | By: | /s/ Thomas J. Higgins |
| Name: | Name: | Thomas J. Higgins |
| Title: | Title: | Chief Financial Officer |

---

**AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT**

The following is an amendment, dated July __, 2018, (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the "Agreement"), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the "Bank") and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a "Trust"). For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

1.**<u>Information Concerning Deposits at Bank</u>**. Section 10.5(c) of the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) In the event that (i) Bank incurs a loss attributable to Country Risk with respect to any cash balance it maintains on deposit at a Subcustodian or other correspondent bank in regard to its global custody or trust businesses in the country where the Subcustodian or other correspondent bank is located or (ii) J.P. Morgan Bank International LLC incurs a loss attributable to Country Risk with respect to any cash balance it maintains on deposit at its correspondent bank in Russia in regard to its direct custody business, Bank may set such loss off against Customer's Cash Account to the extent that such loss is directly attributable to Customer's investments in that market.

2.**<u>Exhibit 1</u>**. Exhibit 1 to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

Vanguard Admiral Funds

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Bond Index Funds

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds

Vanguard GNMA Fund

Vanguard REIT II Index Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Core Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund

Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF

Vanguard Total World Bond ETF

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Precious Metals and Mining Fund

Vanguard REIT Index Fund

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund

Vanguard STAR Fund

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Conservative Allocation Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

Global Bond Index Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Moderate Allocation Portfolio

REIT Index Portfolio

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard International Explorer Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund

Vanguard ESG Stock ETF

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions:

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Fenway Funds

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Capital Value Fund

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Explorer Value Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard REIT Index Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio

Vanguard Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard International Portfolio

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

Vanguard Windsor Funds

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Telecommunications Services Index Fund

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund

3.**<u>Miscellaneous</u>**. Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain unmodified, in full force and effect and all terms and conditions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Amendment as if fully set forth herein.

(Rest of page left intentionally blank)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT |
|  |  | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON |
|  |  | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO |
| By: | /s/ Brian Eckert | By: | /s/ Thomas J. Higgins |
| Name: | Brian Eckert | Name: | Thomas J. Higgins |
| Title: | Executive Director | Title: | Chief Financial Officer |

---

**AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT**

The following is an amendment, dated October _2_, 2018, (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the "Agreement"), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the "Bank") and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a "Trust"). For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.**<u>Exhibit 1</u>**. Exhibit 1 to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

Vanguard Admiral Funds

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Bond Index Funds

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund

Vanguard Charlotte Funds

Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds

Vanguard GNMA Fund

Vanguard Real Estate II Index Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Core Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard Total World Bond ETF

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Global Capital Cycles Fund

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund

Vanguard STAR Fund

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Conservative Allocation Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

Global Bond Index Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Moderate Allocation Portfolio

REIT Index Portfolio

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard International Explorer Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund

Vanguard ESG US Stock ETF

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions:

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Fenway Funds

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Capital Value Fund

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio

Vanguard Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard International Portfolio

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

Vanguard Windsor Funds

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.**<u>Miscellaneous</u>**. Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain unmodified, in full force and effect and all terms and conditions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Amendment as if fully set forth herein.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT |
|  |  | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON |
|  |  | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO |
| By: | /s/ Alan Liang | By: | /s/ John Bendl |
| Name: | Alan Liang | Name: | John Bendl |
| Title: | Vice President | Title: | Chief Accounting Officer |
|  |  |  | Controller |

---

**AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT**

The following is an amendment, dated April _9_, 2019, (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the "Agreement"), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the "Bank") and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a "Trust"). For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.**<u>Exhibit 1</u>**. Exhibit 1 to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

Vanguard Admiral Funds

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Bond Index Funds

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund

Vanguard Charlotte Funds

Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds

Vanguard GNMA Fund

Vanguard Real Estate II Index Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Core Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard Total World Bond ETF

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Global Capital Cycles Fund

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Global ESG Select Stock Fund

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund

Vanguard STAR Fund

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Conservative Allocation Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

Global Bond Index Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Moderate Allocation Portfolio

REIT Index Portfolio

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard International Explorer Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund

Vanguard ESG US Stock ETF

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with

respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions:

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Fenway Funds

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Capital Value Fund

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio

Vanguard Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard International Portfolio

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

Vanguard Windsor Funds

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.**<u>Miscellaneous</u>**. Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain unmodified, in full force and effect and all terms and conditions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Amendment as if fully set forth herein.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT |
|  |  | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON |
|  |  | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO |
| By: | /s/ Carl Mehldau | By: | /s/ Thomas J. Higgins |
| Name: | Carl Mehldau | Name: | Thomas J. Higgins |
| Title: | Vice President | Title: | Chief Financial Officer |

---

**AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT**

The following is an amendment, dated August _12_, 2019, (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the "Agreement"), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the "Bank") and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a "Trust"). For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.**<u>Exhibit 1</u>**. Exhibit 1 to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

Vanguard Admiral Funds

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Bond Index Funds

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund

Vanguard Charlotte Funds

Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds

Vanguard GNMA Fund

Vanguard Real Estate II Index Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard International Core Stock Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Core Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard Total World Bond ETF

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Global Capital Cycles Fund

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Global ESG Select Stock Fund

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund

Vanguard STAR Fund

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Vanguard Managed Payout Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Conservative Allocation Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

Global Bond Index Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Moderate Allocation Portfolio

REIT Index Portfolio

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard International Explorer Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund

Vanguard ESG US Stock ETF

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions:

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Fenway Funds

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Capital Value Fund

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Morgan Growth Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard Structured Broad Market Fund

Vanguard Structured Large-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio

Vanguard Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Vanguard REIT Index Portfolio

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard International Portfolio

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

Vanguard Windsor Funds

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.**<u>Miscellaneous</u>**. Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain unmodified, in full force and effect and all terms and conditions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Amendment as if fully set forth herein.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT |
|  |  | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON |
|  |  | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO |
| By: | /s/ Carl Mehldau | By: | /s/ Peter C. Mahoney |
| Name: | Carl Mehldau | Name: | Peter C. Mahoney |
| Title: | Vice President | Title: | Controller |

---

**AMENDMENT TO AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT**

The following is an amendment, dated August 6, 2020, (the "Amendment") to the Amended and Restated Global Custody Agreement, dated August 14, 2017, as amended from time to time (the "Agreement"), by and between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (the "Bank") and each open-end management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 thereto (each, a "Trust"). For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.**<u>Exhibit 1</u>**. Exhibit 1 to the Agreement is hereby deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

Vanguard Admiral Funds

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Bond Index Funds

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund

Vanguard Charlotte Funds

Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds

Vanguard GNMA Fund

Vanguard Real Estate II Index Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard International Core Stock Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Core Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF Vanguard Total World Bond ETF

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Global Capital Cycles Fund

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Global ESG Select Stock Fund

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund

Vanguard STAR Fund

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Vanguard Managed Allocation Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Conservative Allocation Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

Global Bond Index Portfolio

Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Moderate Allocation Portfolio

Real Estate Index Portfolio

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard International Explorer Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund

Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF

Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions:

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Fenway Funds

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard U.S. Value Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Explorer Value Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio

Vanguard Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Vanguard Real Estate Index Portfolio

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard International Portfolio

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

Vanguard Windsor Funds

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Communication Services Index Fund

Vanguard U.S. Growth Fund

Vanguard Utilities Index Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.**<u>Miscellaneous</u>**. Except as modified by this Amendment, the Agreement shall remain unmodified, in full force and effect and all terms and conditions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated into and made part of this Amendment as if fully set forth herein.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their duly authorized officers to execute and deliver this Amendment as of the date set forth above.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT | EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT |
|  |  | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON | INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON |
|  |  | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO | EXHIBIT 1 HERETO |
| By: | /s/ Carl Mehldau | By: | /s/ John Bendl |
| Name: | Carl Mehldau | Name: | John Bendl |
| Title: | Vice President | Title: | Chief Financial Officer |

---

**THIRD AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL CUSTODY**

**AGREEMENT**

**This Amendment (this "Amendment") to the AMENDED AND RESTATEDGLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT, dated August 14, 2017, as amended or supplementedas of the date hereof (the "Agreement"), between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. ("Bank") and each open-ended management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 attached hereto (each,a "Trust") is entered into and effective as of January <u>25</u> , 2022 (the "Effective Date").**

**<u>W I T N E S S E T H</u>:**

**WHEREAS, each Trust and Bank entered into the Agreement pursuant to which Bank provides custody and related services as more fully described therein; and**

**WHEREAS, the parties now wish to amend the Agreement as set forth herein.**

**NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereby agree as follows:**

**1.<u>Definitions</u>**. Terms defined in the Agreement shall, save to the extent that the context otherwise requires, bear the same respective meanings in this Amendment.

**2.<u>Amendments</u>**. The Agreement shall be amended as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**a.The current Exhibit 1 is hereby deleted in its entirely and replaced with the revised Exhibit 1 attached hereto.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**b.Save as varied by this Amendment, the Agreement is confirmed and shall remain in full force and effect.**

**3.<u>Representations</u>**. Each party represents to the other party that all representations contained in the Agreement are true and accurate as of the date of this Amendment, and that such representations are deemed to be given or repeated by each party, as the case may be, on the date of this Amendment.

**4.<u>Entire Agreement</u>**. This Amendment and the Agreement and any documents referred to in each of them, constitutes the whole agreement between the parties relating to their subject matter and supersedes and extinguishes any other drafts, agreements, undertakings, representations, warranties and arrangements of any nature, whether in writing or oral, relating to such subject matter. If any of the provisions of this Amendment are inconsistent with or in conflict with any of the provisions of theAgreement, then, to the extent of any such inconsistency or conflict, the provisions of this Amendment shall prevail.

**5.<u>Counterparts</u>**. This Amendment may be executed in several counterparts each of which will be deemed to be an original and together will constitute one and the same agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**6.<u>Law and Jurisdiction</u>**. This Amendment shall be construed, regulated, and administered under the laws of the United States or State of New York, as applicable, without regard to New York's principles regarding conflict of laws.

**[remainder of page intentionally left blank]**

![](g2pi1k5rj6gife54f1m6s.jpg)

**IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Amendment as of the day and year first above written.**

**EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT**

**INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON**

**SCHEDULE A HERETO**

**By:** /s/Christine M. Buchanan

**Name:** Christine M. Buchanan

**Title:** Funds CFO

**JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.**

**By:** /s/Carl Mehldau

**Name:** Carl Mehldau

**Title:** Vice President

**EXHIBIT 1**

**Vanguard Admiral Funds**

**Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund**

**Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund**

**Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund**

**Vanguard Bond Index Funds**

**Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund**

**Vanguard Charlotte Funds**

**Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund**

**Vanguard Chester Funds**

**Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2015 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2020 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2025 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2030 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2035 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2040 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2045 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2050 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2055 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2060 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement 2065 Fund Vanguard Institutional Target Retirement Income Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund**

**Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds**

**Vanguard GNMA Fund**

**Vanguard Real Estate II Index Fund**

**Vanguard Horizon Funds**

**Vanguard International Core Stock Fund**

**Vanguard Index Funds**

**Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund**

**Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund**

**Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund**

**Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund**

**Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund**

**Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund**

**Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund**

**Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund**

**Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund**

**Vanguard Malvern Funds**

**Vanguard Core Bond Fund**

**Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund**

**Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund**

**Vanguard Multi-Sector Income Bond Fund**

**Vanguard Core-Plus Bond Fund**

**Vanguard Scottsdale Funds**

**Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF**

**Vanguard Total World Bond ETF**

**Vanguard Specialized Funds**

**Vanguard Global Capital Cycles Fund**

**Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund**

**Vanguard Global ESG Select Stock Fund**

**Vanguard ST AR Funds**

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund**

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund**

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund**

**Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund**

**Vanguard STAR Fund**

**Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund**

**Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds**

**Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund**

**Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund**

**Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund**

**Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund**

**Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund**

**Vanguard International Value Fund**

**Vanguard Valley Forge Funds**

**Vanguard Balanced Index Fund**

**Vanguard Managed Allocation Fund**

**Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds**

**Conservative Allocation Portfolio**

**Equity Index Portfolio**

**Global Bond Index Portfolio Mid-Cap Index Portfolio**

**Moderate Allocation PortfolioReal Estate Index Portfolio**

**Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio**

**Total Stock Market Index Portfolio**

**Vanguard Wellington Fund**

**Vanguard Wellington Fund**

**Vanguard Whitehall Funds**

**Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund**

**Vanguard International Explorer Fund**

**Vanguard Advice Select International Growth Fund**

**Vanguard Advice Select Dividend Growth Fund**

**Vanguard Advice Select Global Value Fund**

**Vanguard China Select Stock Fund**

**Vanguard World Fund**

**Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund**

**Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund**

**Vanguard Global Wellington Fund**

**Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF**

**Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF**

**Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF**

**Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions:**

**Vanguard Chester Funds**

**Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund**

**Vanguard Explorer Fund**

**Vanguard Explorer Fund**

**Vanguard Fenway Funds**

**Vanguard Equity Income Fund**

**Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund**

**Vanguard Horizon Funds**

**Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund**

**Vanguard Global Equity Fund**

**Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund**

**Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund**

**Vanguard Index Funds**

**Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund**

**Vanguard 500 Index Fund**

**Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund**

**Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund**

**Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund**

**Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund**

**Vanguard Value Index Fund**

**Vanguard Institutional Index Funds**

**Vanguard Institutional Index Fund**

**Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund**

**Vanguard Quantitative Funds**

**Vanguard Growth and Income Fund**

**Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Explorer Value Fund Vanguard Russell I 000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell I 000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund**

**Vanguard Specialized Funds**

**Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund**

**Vanguard Energy Fund**

**Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund**

**Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund**

**Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund**

**Vanguard International Value Fund**

**Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds**

**Vanguard Balanced Portfolio**

**Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio**

**Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio**

**Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio**

**Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio**

**Vanguard Growth Portfolio**

**Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio**

**Vanguard Real Estate Index Portfolio**

**Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio**

**Vanguard International Portfolio**

**Vanguard Whitehall Funds**

**Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund**

**Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund**

**Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund**

**Vanguard Selected Value Fund**

**Vanguard Advice Select International Growth Fund**

**Vanguard Advice Select Dividend Growth Fund**

**Vanguard Advice Select Global Value Fund**

**Vanguard China Select Stock Fund**

**Vanguard Windsor Funds**

**Vanguard Windsor Fund**

**Vanguard Windsor II Fund**

**Vanguard World Fund**

**Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund**

**Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund**

**Vanguard Energy Index Fund**

**Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund**

**Vanguard Financials Index Fund**

**Vanguard Health Care Index Fund**

**Vanguard Industrials Index Fund**

**Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund**

**Vanguard Materials Index Fund**

**Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund**

**Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund**

**Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund**

**FOURTH AMENDMENT TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED GLOBAL**

**CUSTODYAGREEMENT**

This Amendment (this "**Amendment**") to the AMENDED AND RESTATEDGLOBAL CUSTODY AGREEMENT, dated August 14, 2017, as amended or supplementedas of the date hereof (the "**Agreement**"), between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. ("**Bank**") and each open-ended management investment company listed on Exhibit 1 attached hereto (each,a "**Trust**") is

entered into and effective as of March 25, 2022 (the "**Effective Date**").

<u>W I T N E S S E T H</u>:

WHEREAS, each Trust and Bank entered into the Agreement pursuant to which Bank provides custody and related services as more fully described therein; and

WHEREAS, the parties now wish to amend the Agreement as set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements herein contained, the parties hereby agree as follows:

1.<u>Definitions</u>. Terms defined in the Agreement shall, save to the extent that the context otherwise requires, bear the same respective meanings in this Amendment.

2.<u>Amendments</u>. The Agreement shall be amended as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.The current Exhibit 1 is hereby deleted in its entirely and replaced with the revised Exhibit 1 attached hereto.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.Save as varied by this Amendment, the Agreement is confirmed and shall remain in full force and effect.

3.<u>Representations</u>. Each party represents to the other party that all representations contained in the Agreement are true and accurate as of the date of this Amendment, and that such representations are deemed to be given or repeated by each party, as the case may be, on the date of this Amendment.

4.<u>Entire Agreement</u>. This Amendment and the Agreement and any documents referred to in each of them, constitutes the whole agreement between the parties relating to their subject matter and supersedes and extinguishes any other drafts, agreements, undertakings, representations, warranties and arrangements of any nature, whether in writing or oral, relating to such subject matter. If any of the provisions of this Amendment are inconsistent with or in conflict with any of the provisions of theAgreement, then, to the extent of any such inconsistency or conflict, the provisions of this Amendment shall prevail.

5.<u>Counterparts</u>. This Amendment may be executed in several counterparts each of which will be deemed to be an original and together will constitute one and the same agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

6.<u>Law and Jurisdiction</u>. This Amendment shall be construed, regulated, and administered under the laws of the United States or State of New York, as applicable, without regard to New York's principles regarding conflict of laws.

[remainder of page intentionally left blank]

![](go0x04cr0xlnvf6464phn.jpg)

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Amendment as of the day and year first above written.

**EACH OF THE OPEN-END MANAGEMENT**

**INVESTMENT COMPANIES LISTED ON**

**SCHEDULE A HERETO**

By: <u>/s/</u> Christine Buchanan

Name: Christine Buchanan

Title: Principal VGI, Funds CFO

**JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.**

By: /s/ Carl Mehldau

Name: Carl Mehldau

Title: Vice President

**EXHIBIT 1**

Vanguard Admiral Funds

Vanguard S&P 500 Growth Index Fund

Vanguard S&P 500 Value Index Fund

Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund

Vanguard Bond Index Funds

Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Bond Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Fund Vanguard Total Bond Market II Index Fund

Vanguard Charlotte Funds

Vanguard Global Credit Bond Fund

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard Target Retirement 2015 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2020 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2025 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2030 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2035 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2040 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2045 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2050 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2055 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2060 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2065 Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement Income Fund

Vanguard Target Retirement 2070 Fund

Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds

Vanguard GNMA Fund

Vanguard Real Estate II Index Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard International Core Stock Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small-Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Malvern Funds

Vanguard Core Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund

Vanguard Multi-Sector Income Bond Fund

Vanguard Core-Plus Bond Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds

Vanguard Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Long-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund Vanguard Short-Term Treasury Index Fund Vanguard Total Corporate Bond ETF

Vanguard Total World Bond ETF

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Global Capital Cycles Fund

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Global ESG Select Stock Fund

Vanguard STAR Funds

Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund

Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund

Vanguard STAR Fund

Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds

Vanguard Tax-Managed Balanced Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund

Vanguard Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Diversified Equity Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Valley Forge Funds

Vanguard Balanced Index Fund

Vanguard Managed Allocation Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Conservative Allocation Portfolio

Equity Index Portfolio

Global Bond Index Portfolio Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Moderate Allocation PortfolioReal Estate Index Portfolio

Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio

Total Stock Market Index Portfolio

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Wellington Fund

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard International Explorer Fund

Vanguard Advice Select International Growth Fund

Vanguard Advice Select Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Advice Select Global Value Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund

Vanguard Global Wellesley Income Fund

Vanguard Global Wellington Fund

Vanguard ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF

Vanguard ESG U.S. Stock ETF

Vanguard ESG International Stock ETF

Bank and each following Customer hereby agree that all of the terms and conditions as set forth in the Agreement except for Sections 2.1 and 2.2 are hereby incorporated by reference with respect to the Trusts and Funds listed below limited to their use of account number P 62749 in Vanguard Directly Managed Securities Lending transactions:

Vanguard Chester Funds

Vanguard PRIMECAP Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Explorer Fund

Vanguard Fenway Funds

Vanguard Equity Income Fund

Vanguard PRIMECAP Core Fund

Vanguard Horizon Funds

Vanguard Capital Opportunity Fund

Vanguard Global Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Equity Fund

Vanguard Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund

Vanguard Index Funds

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Vanguard 500 Index Fund

Vanguard Large-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Small Cap Value Index Fund

Vanguard Value Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Index Funds

Vanguard Institutional Index Fund

Vanguard Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund

Vanguard Quantitative Funds

Vanguard Growth and Income Fund

Vanguard Scottsdale Funds Vanguard Explorer Value Fund Vanguard Russell I 000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell I 000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index Fund Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund Vanguard Russell 3000 Index Fund

Vanguard Specialized Funds

Vanguard Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Energy Fund

Vanguard Real Estate Index Fund

Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund

Vanguard Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund

Vanguard International Value Fund

Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds

Vanguard Balanced Portfolio

Vanguard Capital Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Diversified Value Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Income Portfolio

Vanguard Equity Index Portfolio

Vanguard Growth Portfolio

Vanguard Mid-Cap Index Portfolio

Vanguard Real Estate Index Portfolio

Vanguard Small Company Growth Portfolio

Vanguard International Portfolio

Vanguard Whitehall Funds

Vanguard Global Minimum Volatility Fund

Vanguard High Dividend Yield Index Fund

Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth Fund

Vanguard Selected Value Fund

Vanguard Advice Select International Growth Fund

Vanguard Advice Select Dividend Growth Fund

Vanguard Advice Select Global Value Fund

Vanguard Windsor Funds

Vanguard Windsor Fund

Vanguard Windsor II Fund

Vanguard World Fund

Vanguard Consumer Discretionary Index Fund

Vanguard Consumer Staples Index Fund

Vanguard Energy Index Fund

Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund

Vanguard Financials Index Fund

Vanguard Health Care Index Fund

Vanguard Industrials Index Fund

Vanguard Information Technology Index Fund

Vanguard Materials Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Growth Index Fund

Vanguard Mega Cap Value Index Fund

![](gqsbr3gxtxi5y5qb2rhw7.jpg)

![](gdqmktnz71yab5j1vo6wo.jpg)

![](gey3fgpppv1ens9906ryg.jpg)

Nicole Olech

Vice President

October 20, 2022

![](ggqsy7tsmpfdlk8tfn743.jpg)

![](gxabzjnjwa1pw7g7o647m.jpg)

![](gw3zfnt3jgucynui5esfj.jpg)

![](gavcnqhe3049jzi7uawbq.jpg)

![](gjzgfoq9cx19dpnb0rco6.jpg)

![](gezjbktz4novigo0bfwz0.jpg)

## Ex-99

#### CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Vanguard STAR Funds of our reports dated December 15, 2022, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appear in Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund, Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund, Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund, Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund and Vanguard STAR Fund's Annual Reports on Form N-CSR for the year ended October 31, 2022, and of our report dated December 16, 2022, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appears in Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund's Annual Report on Form N-CSR for the year ended October 31, 2022. We also consent to the references to us under the headings "Financial Statements", "Service Providers—Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" and "Financial Highlights" in such Registration Statement.

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

February 24, 2023

## Ex-99

**VANGUARD FUNDS**

**MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN**

**I.<u>INTRODUCTION</u>**

This Multiple Class Plan (the "Plan") describes seven separate classes of shares that may be offered by investment company members of The Vanguard Group of Mutual Funds (collectively the "Funds," individually a "Fund"). The Plan has been adopted pursuant to Rule 18f-3 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act") to allow each Fund to offer multiple classes of shares in a manner permitted by Rule 18f-3, subject to the requirements imposed by the Rule. Each Fund may offer any one or more of the specified classes.

The Plan has been approved by the Board of Directors of The Vanguard Group, Inc. ("VGI"). In addition, the Plan has been adopted by a majority of the Board of Trustees of each Fund ("Fund Board"), including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of each Fund. The classes of shares offered by each Fund are designated in Schedule A hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.

**II.<u>SHARE CLASSES</u>**

A Fund may offer any one or more of the following share classes:

Investor Shares

Admiral Shares

Institutional Shares

Institutional Plus Shares

Institutional Select Shares

ETF Shares

Transition Shares

**III.<u>DISTRIBUTION, AVAILABILITY AND ELIGIBILITY</u>**

Distribution arrangements for all classes are described below. Distribution arrangements vary by VGI business line depending on the eligibility of the client segments to whom they market. Each Fund retains sole discretion in determining share class availability, and VGI retains discretion in determining whether Fund shares shall be offered either directly or through certain financial intermediaries, or on certain financial intermediary platforms. Eligibility requirements for purchasing shares of each class will differ, as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**A.Investor Shares**

Investor Shares of actively-managed Funds generally will be available to investors who are not permitted to purchase other classes of shares, subject to the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount for Investor Shares of actively-managed Funds will normally be lower than the amount required for any other class of shares of such Funds. Investor Shares of actively-

managed Funds are typically distributed by all VGI business lines. Investor Shares of index Funds generally will be available to Funds that operate as a Fund-of-Funds and certain retirement plan clients receiving recordkeeping services from VGI.

**B.Admiral Shares**

Admiral Shares generally will be available to retail, institutional, and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. These eligibility requirements may include, but are not limited to the following factors: (i) the total amount invested in the Fund; or (ii) any other factors deemed appropriate by a Fund's Board. Admiral Shares are typically distributed by all VGI business lines.

**C.Institutional Shares**

Institutional Shares generally will be available to institutional and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount per account for Institutional Shares will be substantially higher than the amounts required for Investor Shares or Admiral Shares. Institutional Shares are typically distributed by Vanguard's financial advisory services and institutional business lines.

**D.Institutional Plus Shares**

Institutional Plus Shares generally will be available to institutional and other investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount for Institutional Plus Shares will be substantially higher than the amount required for Institutional Shares. Institutional Plus Shares are typically distributed by VGI's financial advisory services and institutional business lines.

**E.Institutional Select Shares**

Institutional Select Shares generally will be available to institutional investors who meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. It is expected that the minimum investment amount for Institutional Select Shares will be the highest among all Fund share classes. Institutional Select Shares are typically distributed by VGI's institutional business line.

**F.ETF Shares**

A Fund will sell ETF Shares to investors that are (or who purchase through) Authorized Participants and who generally pay for their ETF shares by depositing a prescribed basket consisting predominantly of securities with the Fund. An Authorized Participant is an institution, usually a broker-dealer, that is a participant in the Depository Trust Company (DTC) and that has executed a Participant Agreement with the Fund's distributor. Additional eligibility requirements may be specified in

Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. Investors who are not Authorized Participants may buy and sell ETF shares through various exchanges and market centers. ETF Shares are typically distributed by all VGI business lines.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**G.Transition Shares**

Transition Shares generally will be available solely to Funds that operate as Funds-of-Funds and meet the eligibility requirements specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. Transition Shares are only internally distributed.

IV. **<u>SERVICE ARRANGEMENTS</u>**

Shareholders in all share classes will receive a range of shareholder services provided by VGI. These services may include transaction processing and shareholder recordkeeping, as well as the mailing of updated prospectuses, shareholder reports, tax statements, confirmation statements, quarterly portfolio summaries, and other items. Each share class will bear its proportionate share of VGI's cost of providing such services in accordance with Section VI of the Plan.

**V.<u>CONVERSION FEATURES</u>**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A. Self-Directed Conversions

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.Conversion into Investor Shares, Admiral Shares, Institutional Shares, Institutional Plus Shares, and Institutional Select Shares.** Shareholders may conduct self-directed conversions from one share class into another share class of the same Fund for which they are eligible. Self-directed conversions may be initiated by the shareholder; however, depending upon the particular share class and the complexity of the shareholder's accounts, such conversions may require the assistance of a VGI representative. Shareholders may convert from one share class into another share class provided that following the conversion the shareholder meets the then applicable eligibility requirements for the share class into which they are converting. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after VGI's receipt of the shareholder's request in good order.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2.Conversion into ETF Shares.** Except as otherwise provided, a shareholder may convert Investor Shares, Admiral Shares, or Institutional Shares into ETF Shares of the same Fund (if available), provided that: (i) the share class out of which the shareholder is converting and the ETF Shares declare and distribute dividends on the same schedule; (ii) the shares to be converted are not held through an employee benefit plan; and (iii) following the conversion, the shareholder will hold ETF Shares through a brokerage account. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after VGI's receipt of the shareholder's request in good order. VGI or the Fund may charge an administrative fee to process conversion transactions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**B.Automatic Conversions**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.Automatic conversion into Admiral Shares.** VGI may automatically convert Investor Shares into Admiral Shares of the same Fund (if available), provided that following the conversion the shareholder meets the eligibility requirements for Admiral Shares. Any such conversion will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes next calculated after VGI's conversion without the imposition of any charge. Such automatic conversions may occur on a periodic, or one-time basis. Automatic conversions may not apply to certain financial types of accounts (e.g., accounts held through certain intermediaries, or other accounts as may be excluded by VGI management).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2.Automatic conversion into Institutional Shares, Institutional Plus Shares, or Institutional Select Shares.** VGI may conduct automatic conversions of any share class into either Institutional Shares, Institutional Plus Shares, or Institutional Select Shares in accordance with then-current eligibility requirements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**C.Involuntary Conversions and Cash Outs**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.Cash Outs.** If a shareholder in any class of shares no longer meets the eligibility requirements for such shares, the Fund may, if permitted under applicable law, cash out the shareholder's remaining account balance. Any such cash out will be preceded by written notice to the shareholder and will be subject to the Fund's normal redemption fees, if any.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2.Conversion of Admiral Shares, Institutional Shares, and Institutional Plus Shares.** If a shareholder no longer meets the eligibility requirements for the share class currently held, the Fund may convert the shareholder's holdings into the share class for which such shareholder is eligible. Any such conversion will be preceded by written notice to the shareholder and will occur at the respective net asset values of the share classes without the imposition of any sales load, fee, or other charge.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**3.Conversions of Transition Shares.** When a Fund that issues Transition Shares has completed the relevant portfolio transition, the Fund will convert the Transition Shares to another share class of the same Fund as appropriate, based on the eligibility requirements of such class as specified in Schedule B hereto, as such Schedule may be amended from time to time.

VI. **<u>EXPENSE ALLOCATION AMONG CLASSES</u>**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**A.Background**

VGI is a jointly-owned subsidiary of the Funds. VGI provides the Funds, on an at-cost basis, virtually all of their corporate management, administrative, and distribution services. VGI also may provide investment advisory services on an at-cost basis to the Funds. VGI was established and operates pursuant to a Funds'

![](vg_mcp2-14235x1.jpg)

Service Agreement between itself and the Funds (the "Agreement"), and pursuant to certain exemptive orders granted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("Exemptive Orders"). VGI's direct and indirect expenses of providing corporate management, administrative, and distribution services to the Funds are allocated among such Funds in accordance with methods specified in the Agreement or such other methods as may be approved by the Board of Directors of VGI ("VGI Board") as permitted under the Agreement and by the Fund Board.<sup>1</sup>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**B.Class Specific Expenses**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.Expenses for** Account-Based Services. Expenses associated with

VGI's provision of account-based services to the Funds will be allocated among the share classes of each Fund on the basis of the amount incurred by each such class as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(a)Account maintenance expenses.** Expenses associated with the maintenance of investor accounts will be proportionately allocated among each Fund's share classes based upon a monthly determination of the costs to service each class of shares. Factors considered in this determination are (i) the percentage of total shareholder accounts represented by each class and (ii) the relative percentage of total net assets of each class.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(b)Expenses of special servicing arrangements.** Expenses relating to any special servicing arrangements for a specific class will be proportionally allocated among each eligible Fund's share classes primarily based on their percentage of total shareholder accounts receiving the special servicing arrangements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(c)Literature production and mailing expenses.** Expenses associated with shareholder reports, proxy materials and other literature will be allocated among each Fund's share classes based upon the number of such items produced and mailed for each class.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2.Other Class Specific Expenses.** Expenses for the primary benefit of a particular share class will be allocated to that share class. Such expenses would include any legal fees attributable to a particular class.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**C.Fund-Wide** Expenses

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.Marketing and Distribution Expenses.** Each share class will bear marketing and distribution expenses proportionate to the marketing and distribution expenses of the business lines that distribute that share class.

1In accordance with the methods set out in the Agreement and VGI Board and Fund Board approved methods, the expenses that would otherwise have been allocated to each Fund that operates as a Fund-of-Funds are reallocated to the approved share class of the underlying Funds in the Fund-of-Funds' portfolio on a pro rata basis based on the Fund-of-Fund's relative net assets invested in the underlying Fund's share class.

Retail and institutional businesses expenses will be allocated based on the percentage of client accounts in each share class serviced by the respective business. Financial advisory service expenses will be apportioned based on the percentage of assets in each share class.

Expenses associated with each share class will be allocated only among the Funds that have such share class according to the "Vanguard Modified Formula," with each share class or each Fund treated as if it were a separate Fund. The Vanguard Modified Formula is set forth in the Agreement and in certain of the SEC Exemptive Orders. This allocation has been deemed an appropriate allocation methodology by each Fund Board under paragraph (c)(1)(v) of Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2.Asset Management Expenses.** Expenses associated with management of a Fund's assets (including all advisory, tax preparation, and custody fees) will be allocated among the Fund's share classes on the basis of their relative net assets.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**3.Other Fund Expenses.** Any other Fund expenses not described above will be allocated among the share classes on the basis of their relative net assets.

VII. **<u>ALLOCATION OF INCOME, GAINS, AND LOSSES</u>**

Income, gains, and losses will be allocated among each Fund's share classes on the basis of their relative net assets. As a result of differences in allocated expenses, it is expected that the net income of, and dividends payable to, each class of shares will vary. Dividends and distributions paid to each class of shares will be calculated in the same manner, on the same day and at the same time.

VIII. **<u>VOTING AND OTHER RIGHTS</u>**

Each share class will have: (i) exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to its service or distribution arrangements; and (ii) separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of the other class; and (iii) in all other respects the same rights, obligations, and privileges as each other, except as described in the Plan.

IX. **<u>AMENDMENTS</u>**

All material amendments to the Plan must be approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of each Fund, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Fund. In addition, any material amendment to the Plan must be approved by the Board of Directors of VGI.

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000

Last Approved by Board: December 17, 2021

**SCHEDULE A to**

**VANGUARD FUNDS MULTIPLE CLASS PLAN**

Note: Transition Shares, when offered by a Fund, are available for a limited period of time and are then converted into another share class. For this reason, Transition Shares are not shown on Schedule A.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Vanguard Fund** | **Share Classes Authorized** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Admiral Funds |  |
| Treasury Money Market Fund | Investor |
| • S&P 500 Value Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • S&P 500 Growth Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • S&P Mid-Cap 400 Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • S&P Mid-Cap 400 Value Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • S&P Mid-Cap 400 Growth Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • S&P Small-Cap 600 Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • S&P Small-Cap 600 Value Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • S&P Small-Cap 600 Growth Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Bond Index Funds |  |
| • Short-Term Bond Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, |
| • Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund | Institutional Plus, ETF |
| • Intermediate-Term Bond Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional |
|  | Plus, ETF |
| • Long-Term Bond Index Fund | Admiral, Institutional, Institutional Plus, |
|  | ETF |
| • Total Bond Market Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional |
| • Total Bond Market II Index Fund | Plus, Institutional Select, ETF |
| • Total Bond Market II Index Fund | Investor, Institutional |
| Inflation-Protected Securities Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional |
| Ultra-Short Bond ETF | ETF |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard California Tax-Free Funds |  |
| • Municipal Money Market Fund | Investor |
| Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Charlotte Funds |  |
| • Total International Bond Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, |
|  | Institutional Select, ETF |
| • Global Credit Bond Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| • Total International Bond II Index Fund | Investor, Institutional |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Vanguard Fund** | **Share Classes Authorized** |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Chester Funds | Vanguard Chester Funds |  |
| •  | PRIMECAP Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| • Target Retirement Income Fund | • Target Retirement Income Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2020 Fund | • Target Retirement 2020 Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2025 Fund | • Target Retirement 2025 Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2030 Fund | • Target Retirement 2030 Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2035 Fund | • Target Retirement 2035 Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2040 Fund | • Target Retirement 2040 Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2045 Fund | • Target Retirement 2045 Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2050 Fund | • Target Retirement 2050 Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2055 Fund | • Target Retirement 2055 Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2060 Fund | • Target Retirement 2060 Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2065 Fund | • Target Retirement 2065 Fund | Investor |
| • Target Retirement 2070 Fund | • Target Retirement 2070 Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Explorer Fund | Vanguard Explorer Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Vanguard Fenway Funds | Vanguard Fenway Funds |  |
| •  | Equity Income Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | PRIMECAP Core Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds | Vanguard Fixed Income Securities Funds |  |
| •  | Ultra-Short-Term Bond Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| • Real Estate II Index Fund | • Real Estate II Index Fund | Institutional Plus |
| •  | Short-Term Treasury Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Short-Term Federal Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Short-Term Investment-Grade Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional |
| •  | Intermediate-Term Treasury Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Intermediate-Term Investment-Grade Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | GNMA Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Long-Term Treasury Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Long-Term Investment-Grade Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | High-Yield Corporate Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Vanguard Horizon Funds | Vanguard Horizon Funds |  |
| •  | Capital Opportunity Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Global Equity Fund | Investor |
| •  | Strategic Equity Fund | Investor |
| •  | Strategic Small-Cap Equity Fund | Investor |
| • International Core Stock Fund | • International Core Stock Fund | Investor, Admiral |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Vanguard Fund** | **Share Classes Authorized** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Index Funds |  |
| 500 Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional Select, ETF |
| • Extended Market Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, |
|  | Institutional Plus, Institutional Select, ETF |
| Growth Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF |
| Large-Cap Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF |
| • Mid-Cap Growth Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, ETF |
| Mid-Cap Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, |
| • Mid-Cap Value Index Fund | Institutional Plus, ETF |
| • Mid-Cap Value Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, ETF |
| • Small-Cap Growth Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF |
| Small-Cap Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, |
| • Small-Cap Value Index Fund | Institutional Plus, ETF |
| • Small-Cap Value Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF |
| • Total Stock Market Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, Institutional |
|  | Plus, Institutional Select, ETF |
| Value Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Index Funds |  |
| Institutional Index Fund | Institutional, Institutional Plus |
| • Institutional Total Stock Market Index Fund | Institutional, Institutional Plus |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard International Equity Index Funds |  |
| • Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, |
|  | Institutional Plus |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FTSE Emerging Markets ETF | ETF |
| • European Stock Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, |
|  | Institutional Plus |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FTSE Europe ETF | ETF |
| • FTSE All-World ex US Index Fund | Admiral, Institutional, Institutional |
|  | Plus, ETF |
| • Pacific Stock Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FTSE Pacific ETF | ETF |
| • Total World Stock Index Fund | Admiral, Institutional, ETF |
| • FTSE All World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund | Admiral, Institutional, ETF |
| • Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund | Admiral, Institutional, ETF |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Vanguard Fund** | **Share Classes Authorized** |

---

Vanguard Malvern Funds

• Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF |
| • Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund | • Institutional Short-Term Bond Fund | Institutional Plus |
| •  | Institutional Intermediate-Term Bond Fund | Institutional Plus |
| •  | Core Bond Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| • Emerging Markets Bond Fund | • Emerging Markets Bond Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Core-Plus Bond Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| • Multi-Sector Income Bond Fund | • Multi-Sector Income Bond Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds | Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Funds |  |
| •  | Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Money Market Funds | Vanguard Money Market Funds |  |
| • Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund | • Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund | Admiral |
| •  | Federal Money Market Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Montgomery Funds | Vanguard Montgomery Funds |  |
| •  | Market Neutral Fund | Investor, Institutional |
| Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds | Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds |  |
| • Municipal Money Market Fund | • Municipal Money Market Fund | Investor |
| •  | Ultra-Short-Term Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Limited-Term Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | High-Yield Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| • Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund | • Tax-Exempt Bond Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| Vanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds | Vanguard New Jersey Tax-Free Funds |  |
| •  | Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Vanguard New York Tax-Free Funds | Vanguard New York Tax-Free Funds |  |
| • Municipal Money Market Fund | • Municipal Money Market Fund | Investor |
| •  | Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Vanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds | Vanguard Ohio Tax-Free Funds |  |
| •  | Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free Funds | Vanguard Pennsylvania Tax-Free Funds |  |
| •  | Long-Term Tax-Exempt Fund | Investor, Admiral |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Vanguard Fund** | **Share Classes Authorized** |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Quantitative Funds |  |
| • Growth and Income Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Vanguard Scottsdale Funds |  |
| Short-Term Treasury Index Fund | Institutional, Admiral, ETF |
| Intermediate-Term Treasury Index Fund | Institutional, Admiral, ETF |
| • Long-Term Treasury Index Fund | Institutional, Admiral, ETF |
| • Short-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund | Institutional, Admiral, ETF |
| • Intermediate-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund | Institutional, Admiral, ETF |
| • Long-Term Corporate Bond Index Fund | Institutional, Admiral, ETF |
| • Mortgage-Backed Securities Index Fund | Institutional, Admiral, ETF |
| Explorer Value Fund | Investor |
| • Russell 1000 Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • Russell 1000 Value Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • Russell 1000 Growth Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • Russell 2000 Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • Russell 2000 Value Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • Russell 2000 Growth Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • Russell 3000 Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • Total Corporate Bond ETF | ETF |
| • Total World Bond ETF | ETF |
| Vanguard Specialized Funds |  |
| Energy Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| • Global Capital Cycles Fund | Investor |
| Health Care Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Dividend Growth Fund | Investor |
| • Real Estate Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, ETF |
| • Dividend Appreciation Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| • Global ESG Select Stock Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Vanguard STAR Funds |  |
| LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund | Investor |
| LifeStrategy Growth Fund | Investor |
| LifeStrategy Income Fund | Investor |
| • LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund | Investor |
| STAR Fund | Investor |
| • Total International Stock Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, |
|  | Institutional Plus, Institutional Select, |
|  | ETF |
| Vanguard Tax-Managed Funds |  |
| Tax-Managed Balanced Fund | Admiral |
| • Tax-Managed Capital Appreciation Fund | Admiral, Institutional |
| • Developed Markets Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional, |
|  | Institutional Plus |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FTSE Developed Markets ETF | ETF |
| Tax-Managed Small-Cap Fund | Admiral, Institutional |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Vanguard Fund** | **Share Classes Authorized** |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund | Vanguard Trustees' Equity Fund |  |
| •  | International Value Fund | Investor |
| •  | Diversified Equity Fund | Investor |
| • Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund | • Emerging Markets Select Stock Fund | Investor |
| •  | Alternative Strategies Fund | Investor |
| •  | Commodity Strategy Fund | Admiral |
| • Global Environmental Opportunities Stock Fund | • Global Environmental Opportunities Stock Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Vanguard Valley Forge Funds | Vanguard Valley Forge Funds |  |
| •  | Balanced Index Fund | Investor, Admiral, Institutional |
| •  | Managed Allocation Fund | Investor |
| • Baillie Gifford Global Positive Impact Stock Fund | • Baillie Gifford Global Positive Impact Stock Fund | Investor |
| Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds | Vanguard Variable Insurance Funds |  |
| •  | Balanced Portfolio | Investor |
| •  | Conservative Allocation Portfolio | Investor |
| •  | Diversified Value Portfolio | Investor |
| •  | Equity Income Portfolio | Investor |
| •  | Equity Index Portfolio | Investor |
| •  | Growth Portfolio | Investor |
| • Global Bond Index Portfolio | • Global Bond Index Portfolio | Investor |
| • Total Bond Market Index Portfolio | • Total Bond Market Index Portfolio | Investor |
| • High Yield Bond Portfolio | • High Yield Bond Portfolio | Investor |
| •  | International Portfolio | Investor |
| •  | Mid-Cap Index Portfolio | Investor |
| •  | Moderate Allocation Portfolio | Investor |
| •  | Money Market Portfolio | Investor |
| • Real Estate Index Portfolio | • Real Estate Index Portfolio | Investor |
| • Short-Term Investment Grade Portfolio | • Short-Term Investment Grade Portfolio | Investor |
| • Small Company Growth Portfolio | • Small Company Growth Portfolio | Investor |
| •  | Capital Growth Portfolio | Investor |
| • Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio | • Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio | Investor |
| • Total Stock Market Index Portfolio | • Total Stock Market Index Portfolio | Investor |
| Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund | Vanguard Wellesley Income Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Vanguard Wellington Fund | Vanguard Wellington Fund |  |
| • U.S. Minimum Volatility ETF | • U.S. Minimum Volatility ETF | ETF |
| • U.S. Momentum Factor ETF | • U.S. Momentum Factor ETF | ETF |
| •  | U.S. Multifactor ETF | ETF |
| •  | U.S. Multifactor Fund | Admiral |
| • U.S. Quality Factor ETF | • U.S. Quality Factor ETF | ETF |
| • U.S. Value Factor ETF | • U.S. Value Factor ETF | ETF |
| •  | Wellington Fund | Investor, Admiral |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Vanguard Fund** | **Share Classes Authorized** |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Vanguard Whitehall Funds | Vanguard Whitehall Funds |  |
| •  | Selected Value Fund | Investor |
| •  | Mid-Cap Growth Fund | Investor |
| •  | International Explorer Fund | Investor |
| • High Dividend Yield Index Fund | • High Dividend Yield Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |

---

• Emerging Markets Government

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Bond Index Fund | Admiral, Institutional, ETF |
| • Global Minimum Volatility Fund | • Global Minimum Volatility Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| • International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund | • International Dividend Appreciation Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| • International High Dividend Yield Index Fund | • International High Dividend Yield Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| • Advice Select International Growth Fund | • Advice Select International Growth Fund | Admiral |
| • Advice Select Global Value Fund | • Advice Select Global Value Fund | Admiral |
| • Advice Select Dividend Growth Fund | • Advice Select Dividend Growth Fund | Admiral |
| Vanguard Windsor Funds | Vanguard Windsor Funds |  |
| •  | Windsor Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Windsor II Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| Vanguard World Fund | Vanguard World Fund |  |
| • Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund | • Extended Duration Treasury Index Fund | Institutional, Institutional Plus, ETF |
| • FTSE Social Index Fund | • FTSE Social Index Fund | Admiral, Institutional |
| • Global Wellesley Income Fund | • Global Wellesley Income Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | Global Wellington Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| •  | International Growth Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| • Mega Cap Index Fund | • Mega Cap Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • Mega Cap Growth Index Fund | • Mega Cap Growth Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| • Mega Cap Value Index Fund | • Mega Cap Value Index Fund | Institutional, ETF |
| •  | U.S. Growth Fund | Investor, Admiral |
| • Consumer Discretionary Index Fund | • Consumer Discretionary Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| • Consumer Staples Index Fund | • Consumer Staples Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| •  | Energy Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| •  | Financials Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| • Health Care Index Fund | • Health Care Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| •  | Industrials Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| • Information Technology Index Fund | • Information Technology Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| •  | Materials Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| • Communication Services Index Fund | • Communication Services Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| •  | Utilities Index Fund | Admiral, ETF |
| • ESG U.S. Stock ETF | • ESG U.S. Stock ETF | ETF |
| •  | ESG International Stock ETF | ETF |
| • ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF | • ESG U.S. Corporate Bond ETF | ETF |

---

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000

Last Updated: February 14, 2023

![](vg_mcp2-142314x1.jpg)

**SCHEDULE B**

**to**

**VANGUARD FUNDS MULTIPLE CLASS**

**PLAN**

VGI has policies and procedures designed to ensure consistency and compliance with the offering of multiple classes of shares within this Multiple Class Plan's eligibility requirements.<sup>2</sup> These policies are reviewed and monitored on an ongoing basis in conjunction with VGI's Compliance Department.

**<u>Investor Shares - Eligibility Requirements</u>**

Investor Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $3,000. Personal Advisor Services clients, clients investing through financial intermediaries, and institutional clients may hold Investor Shares without restriction in Funds that do not offer Admiral Shares. Investor Shares of index Funds generally are available only to Funds that operate as a Fund- of-Funds and certain retirement plan clients receiving recordkeeping services from VGI. A Vanguard Fund may, from time to time, establish higher or lower minimum amounts for Investor Shares. Each Fund and VGI also reserve the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors.

Financial intermediaries that serve as mutual fund supermarkets may only invest in Investor Shares of Funds in which Investor Shares are available and may not invest in other share classes of such Funds.<sup>3</sup> Mutual fund supermarket means a program or platform offered by a financial intermediary through which such intermediary's retail clients may purchase and sell mutual funds offered by a variety of independent fund families on a self-directed basis without advice or recommendation from a financial advisor or broker. This definition may be changed or amended at any time and without prior notice as may be determined in the discretion of VGI management. Nothing in the definition of mutual fund supermarket should be construed to prohibit Vanguard Brokerage Services from offering the Funds' other share classes to its eligible clients.

**<u>Admiral Shares – Eligibility Requirements</u>**

Admiral Shares generally are intended for clients who meet the required minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $3,000 for retail clients in index Funds and $50,000 for retail clients in actively-managed Funds. Personal Advisor Services clients, clients investing through financial intermediaries and institutional clients may hold Admiral Shares of both index and actively-managed Funds without restriction. Funds may, from time to time, establish higher or lower minimum amounts for Admiral Shares, and each Fund and VGI reserve the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Admiral Share class eligibility also is subject to the following rule:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Certain Retirement Plans – Admiral Shares of actively-managed Funds generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.<sup>4</sup>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•Mutual Fund Supermarkets – Admiral Shares are not available to mutual fund supermarkets, except where a Fund does not have Investor Shares.

2The eligibility of a Fund that operates as a Fund-of-Funds to invest in a particular share class of an underlying Fund is determined by VGI and the Fund Board.

3Admiral Shares of the Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund are available to financial intermediaries that serve as mutual fund supermarkets.

4Admiral Share classes of all Funds are available to 403(b) plan participants in Vanguard's Retail 403(b) business, which is serviced by The Newport Group. Admiral Shares of the Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund are available to SIMPLE IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

![](vg_mcp2-142315x1.jpg)

**<u>Institutional Shares – Eligibility Requirements</u>**

Institutional Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of

$5,000,000. However, each Fund and VGI also reserve the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors.

Institutional Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules:

• Retail clients. Retail clients may hold Institutional Shares by aggregating up to 3 accounts held by the same client (same tax I.D. number) in a single Fund. Single family offices serviced by the Retail Investor Group with $200 million or more in assets in the Funds through the Retail Investor Group may hold Institutional Shares by aggregating assets across all family members who are part of a single family office.

• Financial intermediary clients. Financial intermediaries generally may hold Institutional Shares for the benefit of their underlying clients provided that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)each underlying investor individually meets the investment minimum amount described above;

and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the underlying investor accounts with the investment minimum amount; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)an arrangement is established between VGI and the financial intermediary to allow VGI to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements.

Home office model portfolios offered on wealth management platforms administered by financial intermediaries<sup>5</sup> may offer Institutional Shares, provided:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)the financial intermediary in aggregate at the firm level, excluding custody assets, has total assets of at least $25 billion invested in Vanguard; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)the financial intermediary in aggregate at the firm level, excluding custody assets, meets the investment minimum of Institutional Shares for the Fund.

A home office model portfolio must meet the following criteria:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)the allocations and Funds used in the model portfolios on the platform are set and selected by the financial intermediary (i.e., the firm itself);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)the allocations and Funds used in the model portfolios on the platform are not subject to change by individual financial advisors; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)an arrangement is established between VGI and the financial intermediary to allow VGI to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements.

• Institutional clients. An institutional client may hold Institutional Shares if the total amount aggregated among all accounts held by such a client (including accounts held through financial intermediaries) and invested in the Fund is at least $5 million (or such higher minimum required by the individual Fund). Such an institutional client must disclose to VGI on behalf of its accounts the following: (1) that the client acts as a common-decision maker<sup>6</sup> for each account; and (2) the total

5For purposes of this Schedule B, this is not intended to include robo advisors.

6For purposes of this Schedule B, a common-decision maker includes, but is not limited to, a corporate entity that controls multiple pools of assets invested in a Fund. For example, a corporate entity that acts as a plan sponsor for a retirement plan may have one or more investment committees or boards of trustees overseeing both the retirement plan account as well as other accounts invested in the Fund. In this case, the corporate entity would be considered a common-decision maker for each account where there is a common membership across each investment committee or governing body making investment decisions for each account. Common-decision makers do not include financial intermediaries.

balance in each account in the Fund.

• Institutional clients with assets in certain Vanguard collective investment trusts and Funds. Institutional clients with assets in the following collective investment trusts and Funds may aggregate such assets with assets invested in the corresponding Funds listed below in the right column ("Corresponding Funds") for purposes of meeting the investment minimum for

Institutional Shares of the Corresponding Funds.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Trust/Fund** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Corresponding Fund** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Total Stock | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Total Stock Market Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Market Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Total Stock | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Total Stock |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Market Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Market Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Total Bond | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Total Bond Market Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Market Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Total | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Total International Stock |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;International Stock Market Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Market Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional 500 Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional 500 Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard 500 Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Extended Market | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Index Trust |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Employee Benefit Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Employee Benefit Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard 500 Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |

---

• Investment by Vanguard Target Retirement Collective Trust. A Vanguard Target Retirement Trust that is a collective trust exempt from regulation under the Investment Company Act and that seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in underlying Funds (a "TRT") may hold

Institutional Shares of an underlying Fund whether or not its investment meets the minimum investment threshold specified above.

• Accumulation Period ⎯ Accounts funded through regular contributions (e.g., employer sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected to quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Shares upon account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly after account set-up if VGI management determines that the account will become eligible for Institutional Shares within a limited period of time (generally 90 days). The accumulation period eligibility is subject to the discretion of VGI management.

**<u>Institutional Plus Shares - Eligibility Requirements</u>**

Institutional Plus Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $100,000,000. However, each Fund and VGI also reserve the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Institutional Plus Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules:

• Retail clients. Retail clients may hold Institutional Plus Shares by aggregating up to 3 accounts held by the same client (same tax I.D. number) in a single Fund. For purposes of this rule, VGI management is authorized to permit aggregation of a greater number of accounts in the case of clients whose aggregate assets within the Funds are expected to generate substantial economies in the servicing of their accounts. Single family offices serviced by the Retail Investor Group with $200 million or more in assets in the Funds through the Retail Investor Group may hold Institutional Plus Shares by aggregating assets across all family members who are part of a single family office.

• Institutional clients. An institutional client may hold Institutional Plus Shares if the total amount aggregated among all accounts held by such client (including accounts held through financial intermediaries) and invested in the Fund is at least $100 million (or such higher or lower minimum required by the individual Fund). Such an institutional client must disclose to VGI on behalf of its accounts the following: (1) that the client acts as a common-decision maker for each account; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) the total balance in each account held in the Fund.

• Institutional clients with assets in certain Vanguard collective investment trusts and Funds. Institutional clients with assets in the following collective investment trusts and Funds may aggregate such assets with assets invested in the corresponding Funds listed below in the right column ("Corresponding Funds") for purposes of meeting the investment minimum for Institutional

Plus Shares of the Corresponding Funds.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Trust/Fund** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Corresponding Fund** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Total Stock | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Total Stock Market Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Market Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Total Stock | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Total Stock |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Market Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Market Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Total Bond | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Total Bond Market Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Market Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Total | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Total International Stock |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;International Stock Market Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Market Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional 500 Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional 500 Index Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard 500 Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Extended Market | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Index Trust |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Employee Benefit Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Institutional Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |  |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Employee Benefit Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard 500 Index Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 1000 Growth Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 1000 Value Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 2000 Growth Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vanguard Russell 2000 Value Index |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Trust | &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund |

---

• Financial intermediary clients. Financial intermediaries generally may hold Institutional Plus Shares for the benefit of their underlying clients provided that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)each underlying investor individually meets the investment minimum amount described above;

and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the underlying investor accounts with the investment minimum amount; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)an arrangement is established between VGI and the financial intermediary to allow VGI to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements.

Home office model portfolios offered on wealth management platforms administered by financial intermediaries may offer Institutional Plus Shares, provided:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)the financial intermediary in aggregate at the firm level, excluding custody assets, has total assets of at least $25 billion invested in Vanguard; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)the financial intermediary in aggregate at the firm level, excluding custody assets, meets the investment minimum of Institutional Plus Shares for the Fund.

A home office model portfolio must meet the following criteria:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)the allocations and Funds used in the model portfolios on the platform are set and selected by the financial intermediary (i.e., the firm itself);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)the allocations and Funds used in the model portfolios on the platform are not subject to change by individual financial advisors; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)an arrangement is established between VGI and the financial intermediary to allow VGI to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements.

• Accumulation Period - Accounts funded through regular contributions (e.g., employer sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected to quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Plus Shares upon account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly after account set-up if VGI management determines that the account will become eligible for Institutional Plus Shares within a limited period of time (generally 90 days). The accumulation period eligibility is subject to the discretion of VGI management.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

• Asset Allocation Models - Clients with defined asset allocation models whose assets meet eligibility requirements may qualify for Institutional Plus Shares if such models comply with policies and procedures that have been approved by VGI management.

**<u>Institutional Select Shares - Eligibility Requirements</u>**

Institutional Select Shares generally require a minimum initial investment and ongoing account balance of $3,000,000,000. However, each Fund and VGI also reserve the right to establish higher or lower minimum amounts for certain investors or a group of investors. Institutional Select Share class eligibility also is subject to the following special rules:

• Institutional clients. An institutional client may hold Institutional Select Shares if the total amount aggregated among all accounts held by such client (including accounts held through financial intermediaries) and invested in the Fund is at least $3 billion (or such higher or lower minimum required by the individual Fund). Such an institutional client must disclose to VGI on behalf of its accounts the following: (1) the client acts as a common-decision maker for each account; and (2) the total balance in each account in the Fund.

• Financial intermediary clients. Financial intermediaries generally may hold Institutional Select Shares for the benefit of their underlying clients provided that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)each underlying investor individually meets the investment minimum amount described above; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)the financial intermediary agrees to monitor ongoing compliance of the underlying investor accounts with the investment minimum amount; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)an arrangement is established between VGI and the financial intermediary to allow VGI to monitor compliance with the eligibility requirements.

• Accumulation Period - Accounts funded through regular contributions (e.g., employer sponsored participant contribution plans), whose assets are expected to quickly achieve eligibility levels, may qualify for Institutional Select Shares upon account creation, rather than undergoing the conversion process shortly after account set-up, if VGI management determines that the account will become eligible for Institutional Select Shares within a limited period of time (generally 90 days). The accumulation period eligibility is subject to the discretion of VGI management.

• Investment by VGI collective investment trusts with a similar mandate. A VGI collective investment trust exempt from regulation under the Investment Company Act and that seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in an underlying Fund with an index-based mandate may hold Institutional Select Shares of an underlying Fund with a similar index-based mandate whether or not its investment meets the minimum investment threshold specified above.

**<u>ETF Shares – Eligibility Requirements</u>**

The eligibility requirements for ETF Shares will be set forth in the Fund's registration statement. To be eligible to purchase ETF Shares directly from a Fund, an investor must be (or must purchase through) an Authorized Participant, as defined in Paragraph III.F of the Multiple Class Plan. Investors purchasing ETF Shares from a Fund must purchase a minimum number of shares, known as a Creation Unit. The number of ETF Shares in a Creation Unit may vary from Fund to Fund. The value of a Fund's Creation Unit will vary with the net asset value of the Fund's ETF Shares but is expected to be several million dollars. An eligible investor generally must purchase a Creation Unit by depositing a prescribed basket consisting predominantly of securities with the Fund.

**<u>Transition Shares – Eligibility Requirements</u>**

Transition Shares will be offered only to Funds that operate as a Fund-of-Funds and only by an underlying Fund (i) that is receiving assets in kind from one or more Funds and (ii) that will "transition" those in-kind assets by selling some or all of them and using the proceeds to purchase different assets. There is no minimum investment amount for Transition Shares.

Original Board Approval: July 21, 2000

Last Approved by Board: March 19, 2021

## Ex-99

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**Access Person Code of Conduct**

**Effective Date: 01 March 2022 \| Contact: Code_of_Ethics@vanguard.com**

**Background – Why This Access Person Code of Conduct Matters**

**Vanguard was founded with a singular focus on clients and serving their best interests, and this has been the foundation of our strong ethical culture. One way in which we consistently seek to earn and maintain the trust and loyalty of our clients is by adhering to the highest standards of ethical behavior. Acting with integrity and complying with applicable laws and regulations necessarily extends to your conduct in general and to your personal investing and trading activities in particular.**

**Some crew and contingent workers at Vanguard, by virtue of their role or department, are designated as an "Access Person" (i.e., an Advisor Access Person, Fund Access Person, or Investment Access Person) because they or their department are authorized to know about present or future transactions by Vanguard funds, or have the authority to influence those transactions, or otherwise have access to sensitive market or client activity. Because of that knowledge, authority, and access, Access Persons are subject to additional standards of business conduct, stricter personal investment rules, and greater oversight, among other things. These standards and rules, as set forth in this Access Person Code of Conduct (APCC)<sup>1</sup>, have been adopted with the goals of ensuring we comply with applicable law and avoiding conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest. This is especially true regarding any potential conflicts of interest that could arise between the securities trading that Vanguard undertakes on behalf of the Vanguard funds or our clients and the personal securities trading by crew, contingent workers, and their household or family members.**

**Policy Coverage**

**To Whom Does the APCC Apply?**

**This policy<sup>2</sup> applies to all crew members and contingent workers globally who are in a role that has been designated as an "Access Person" role. Certain provisions of this policy also apply to Associated Persons.**

**Are you an Access Person? Visit Appendix A to learn whether the role you're in is an Access Person role, and if so, which Access Person "designation" applies.**

**What about Non-Access Persons? Any crew member or contingent worker who is <u>not</u> in a role that has been designated as an Access Person role is a "Non-Access Person" and must**

**comply with the Personal Investment Activity Policy for Non-Access Persons, not this policy.**

**Are you a contingent worker? A "contingent worker" is any person other than a crew member who provides services to or on behalf of Vanguard through staffing firms, consulting**

**1The APCC constitutes the code of ethics that the Vanguard funds have adopted in compliance with U.S. SEC Rules 17j-1 and 204A-1.**

**2The APCC is a policy that has been created and approved, and is governed, similar to other policies at Vanguard. As used herein, references to "this policy" mean the APCC.**

**Page 2 of 38**

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**firms, service providers, or as independent contractors. Like crew, a contingent worker can be in either an Access Person or Non-Access Person role.**

**What about Associated Persons? For U.S. crew and contingent workers who are Associated Persons (to reiterate, not Access Persons, but Associated Persons) under FINRA rules and regulations, please note you have additional investment-related obligations under**

**the FINRA Licensing Policy, including the Securities Account Reporting Obligations for Associated Persons. Please review and comply with those documents, as well.**

**Policy Overview**

**There are four primary sections to this policy:**

**Section 1 – Standards of Business Conduct, sets forth rules and expectations regarding your behavior and conduct.**

**Section 2 – Personal Investment Activities, contains rules on how you and your Household or Family Members may own and trade securities for your own personal benefit. Note that some of these rules differ based on your Access Person designation. While the details are set forth in Section 2, at a high level there are four subsections applicable to you and your personal investment activities:**

**A – Reminders on who is covered B – Brokerage firms you may use C – Disclosure obligations**

**D – Investment and trading restrictions**

**Section 3 – Penalties and Sanctions, describes how violations of this policy are addressed and enforced.**

**Section 4 – Defined terms, provides definitions for the capitalized terms used in this policy.**

**Please carefully read the rest of this policy and ensure you understand and comply with its terms. Understanding and following this policy is one of the most important ways we can ensure our clients' interests always come first.**

**Be sure you are familiar with the following other Vanguard policies that relate to your ethical conduct and personal investment activities:**

**Standards of Conduct Policy**

**Conflicts of Interest Policy**

**Insider Trading Policy**

**Outside Business Activity Policy**

**Please also ensure you are familiar with Vanguard's Code of Ethical Conduct.**

**Policy Requirements**

**Section 1 – Standards of Business Conduct**

**Everyone at Vanguard is expected to promote high standards of integrity and manage the company's affairs honestly and ethically. We all have a personal responsibility to conduct ourselves**

**Page 3 of 38**

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**in a manner that reflects a commitment to ethics and compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Doing so is part and parcel of Vanguard's mission to "take a stand for all investors, to treat them fairly, and to give them the best chance for investment success."**

**Putting these values into practice means having and adhering to expected standards of business conduct. The Vanguard policy that explains these standards is the Standards of Conduct Policy, which**

**is incorporated herein by reference. You must comply with that policy, including the following standards of conduct that are explained therein:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.Always put Vanguard clients' interests first and treat them fairly.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2.Avoid conflicts of interest.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**3.Be candid and clear with clients and provide them with accurate information.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**4.Comply with applicable laws, rules, regulations, and policies.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**5.Comply with applicable professional standards.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**6.Complete mandatory training and regularly certify that you are compliant with our policies.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**7.Maintain accurate, timely, and complete business records.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**8.Protect against fraud.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**9.Lead by example.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**10.Speak up.**

**At Vanguard, you are expected to always do the right thing. It sounds simple and it's usually very clear what doing the right thing entails. But sometimes it isn't. How do you make the best choice when facing difficult or unclear circumstances? How do you navigate an ethical dilemma?**

**In those situations, you should pause and reflect, and then work through the following "ethical decision-making guide." This guide will help you consider important questions before deciding whether or how to proceed with an action. It is not a substitute for this or any policy, and it may not tell you exactly what to do in every situation, but it can be used as a tool to help guide you when you face an ethical dilemma or a complex situation where the answer might not be clear.**

**If you're still in doubt as you work through the decision-making guide, err on the side of caution—ask questions, elevate the issue, and enlist the help of others to ensure we reach the right answer every time for Vanguard and our clients.**

**Page 4 of 38**

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**Speaking Up – As mentioned above, you are encouraged to help protect our clients, crew, and Vanguard by reporting concerns about ethics, financial or business integrity, information security and privacy, workplace practices, or alleged violations of policy, regulation, or law. Indeed, speaking up is one of the most effective ways to help ensure Vanguard maintains its high standards for ethics and compliance. To that end, if you become aware that you or anyone else violated any of the terms of this policy, you must contact Compliance immediately.**

**Likewise, it is your responsibility to know whether the role you are in is designated as an Access Person, and if so, which Access Person designation applies to you (visit the Appendix A to learn more). It is also your responsibility to know the policies and trading restrictions that apply to you accordingly, and to ask questions if you are unsure.**

**Section 2 – Personal Investment Activities**

**<u>Introduction</u>**

**Vanguard recognizes the importance to crew and contingent workers of being able to manage and develop their own financial resources through long-term investments and strategies. With that in mind, the rules and requirements set forth in this policy have been adopted with the goals of (1) ensuring we comply with all applicable laws and regulations, and (2) avoiding any conflicts of interest, or any appearances of conflicts of interest, between the securities trading that Vanguard undertakes on behalf of Vanguard funds or our clients and the personal securities trading or investing by crew, contingent workers, or their Household or Family Members (defined in Section 4, below). Our industry and Vanguard have implemented certain standards and limitations designed to minimize these conflicts and help ensure that we focus on meeting our duty to clients.**

**Granted, the rules in this policy are demanding and strict and they may feel like an imposition. But at Vanguard, we take our ethical obligations very seriously, and the rules in this policy are intended to ensure that trading on behalf of Vanguard funds and clients are given priority over trading for your personal accounts, and that trades for your personal accounts do not adversely affect trades for our funds or clients.**

**Similarly, keep in mind that you must comply with applicable securities laws and must avoid taking personal advantage of your knowledge of securities activity in Vanguard funds or client accounts.**

**This policy includes specific restrictions on personal investing but cannot anticipate every fact pattern or situation. You should adhere to the spirit, and not just the letter, of this policy.**

**Compliance will keep all records relating to personal account trading as confidential as necessary. Information will be accessible within Compliance and may be reported to senior management or HR. Records may also need to be made available to Internal Audit and/or any regulator. All non-U.S. crew and contingent workers are required to sign a data consent / data privacy notice.**

**The Compliance Department reserves the right to monitor any and all investment or trading activity by you or by any Household or Family Member based on any information or system to which it has access.**

**Page 5 of 38**

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**<u>Checklist</u>**

**Given the complexity of this policy and the steps you must take to ensure you remain in compliance with it, we have created this brief checklist to help you keep track of your obligations. This is merely a summary, so be sure to comply with the full terms of this policy as well.**

**Checklist item**

**I know my Access Person "designation," and I am aware that this policy applies not only to me but also to my Household or Family Members**

**For the region where I work, I know what brokerage firm I and my Household or Family Members may use to maintain the accounts where I or they hold and trade Reportable Securities**

**For my Access Person designation, I know the initial and ongoing account and holdings disclosure obligations that apply to me and my Household or Family Members**

**Where this topic is covered in this policy Subsection 2-A – Who Is Covered Under this Policy**

**Subsection 2-B – Brokerage Firms You May**

**Use**

**Subsection 2-C – Disclosure Obligations**

**For my Access Person designation, I**

**know the rules and limitations for transacting securities in my personal accounts and those of my Household or Family Members**

**Subsections 2-D-1 and 2-D-2 – Investment**

**and Trading Restrictions**

**For Fund Access Person and Investment Access Person designations, I know how to seek trade preclearance**

**I know the penalties and sanctions that may apply for violations of any of the requirements under this policy**

**I understand the meaning of the defined terms used in this policy**

**Quick Tip:**

**Subsection 2-D-3 – How to Seek and Abide by Preclearance Requirements**

**Section 3 – Penalties and Sanctions**

**Section 4 – Defined Terms**

**The rules in this policy cover most of the personal investing situations you are likely to find. Yet it's always possible you will encounter a situation that isn't fully addressed by the rules. If that happens, you need to know what to do. The easiest way to make sure you are making the right decision is to follow these three principles:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**1.Know the policy. If you think your situation isn't covered, check again. It never hurts to take a second look at the rules.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**2.Seek guidance. Asking questions is always appropriate. Talk with your manager or**

**contact Compliance if you're not sure about the policy requirements or how they apply to your situation.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**3.Use sound judgment. Analyze the situation and weigh the options. Think about how your decision would look to someone outside of Vanguard.**

**Page 6 of 38**

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**Note for crew in China:**

**Because you may not have access to MCO, different systems and procedures are in place for you to disclose accounts and holdings. Please consult with your manager or the China Compliance team to learn more.**

**Subsection 2-A – Who Is Covered Under this Policy**

**As stated in the introduction to this policy, above, this policy applies to all crew members and contingent workers globally who are in a role that has been designated as an "Access Person" role.**

**Access Persons are covered – This policy applies to crew and contingent worker Access Persons and, in certain instances, to their Household or Family Members.**

**oAccess Persons – Please note that the specific trading prohibitions and reporting requirements vary depending on your Access Person "designation," meaning <u>Advisor</u> Access Person, <u>Fund</u> Access Person, or <u>Investment</u> Access Person. To learn the Access Person designation that applies to your role, visit Appendix A. Note further that, regardless of your designation, the Compliance Department has the authority, with appropriate notice to you, to apply to you any or all of the trading restrictions within this policy**

**oHousehold or Family Members – Certain aspects of this policy apply not only to you but to your Household or Family Members, as well. Why? Doing so is required by applicable law and regulations in many jurisdictions. It is also consistent with industry best practices and helps Vanguard ensure we are effectively monitoring and guarding against conflicts of interest and other issues. See Section 4, below, for the definition of Household or Family Members in the region where you work.**

**Non-Access Persons are not covered – If the role you are in is <u>not</u> an Access Person role, you do not need to comply with this policy; instead, with regard to your personal investments, you must comply with the Personal Investment Activity Policy for Non-Access Persons (and other applicable policies). Note, however, that in the event a Non-Access Person is a Household or Family Member of an Access Person, then the terms of this policy will apply to the Non-Access Person as a Household or Family Member hereunder and any conflicting terms of this policy will take precedence over the Personal Investment Activity Policy for Non-Access Persons.**

**Associated Persons also have obligations under other policies and documents – For U.S. crew and contingent workers who are deemed to be Associated Persons (to reiterate, not Access Persons, but Associated Persons) under the FINRA Licensing Policy, you have certain obligations**

**under this policy and have additional investment-related obligations under the FINRA Licensing Policy and the Securities Account Reporting Obligations for Associated Persons.**

**Your designation may change – Keep in mind that your Access Person designation may change over time, for instance if you change roles, if there are changes made in your department, or if the Compliance Department determines a designation change is appropriate. You are advised to regularly consult the My Ethics and Compliance Resource Center available on CrewNet to check your designation.**

**Subsection 2-B – Brokerage Firms You May Use**

**The terms of Subsection 2-B apply to all Access Person designations.**

**Page 7 of 38**

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**The following requirements and restrictions on which brokerage firms you may use to hold and transact Reportable Securities apply to you based on whether you are a crew member or contingent worker and where you work:**

**U.S. Crew:Crew who are Access Persons employed in the U.S., and their Household or Family Members (parts (a) and (b) of that defined term only), must maintain and trade all Reportable Securities in a Vanguard Brokerage Account (VBA). This obligation does not apply to any Household or Family Members covered under part (c) of that defined term. See the Defined Terms in Section 4, below, for all definitions.**

**Securities or investments that are not "Reportable Securities" may be held in a brokerage account at the firm of your choice.**

**Employer-sponsored retirement accounts (e.g., 401(k) and 403(b)), 529 college savings plans, and Compliance-approved accounts (e.g., Approved Managed Accounts) may be held in a brokerage account at the firm of your choice. However, if you hold any Reportable Securities through any of those accounts, then such accounts are considered Covered Accounts under this policy and you are required to disclose them to Compliance under Subsection 2-C of this policy.**

**Newly hired U.S. crew who are Access Persons, and their Household or Family Members (parts (a) and (b) of that defined term only), must transfer any existing applicable Reportable Securities to a VBA by submitting a request or other applicable paperwork with Vanguard and each firm at which you have an existing applicable brokerage account within 60 days of your joining Vanguard. Visit Vanguard.com > Personal Investors > Open an Account to transfer assets from another firm to Vanguard.**

**For a more detailed list of Securities that must be held in a VBA, as well as**

**Securities that may be held elsewhere, visit the Appendices C-F.**

**Ex-U.S. Crew: Crew who are Access Persons employed outside the U.S., and their Household or Family Members, may maintain Reportable Securities (as well as Securities or investments that are not Reportable Securities) in a brokerage account or other type of account at the firm of their choice.**

**Contingent Workers, Contingent workers who are Access Persons may maintain Reportable**

**GloballySecurities (as well as Securities or investments that are not Reportable Securities) in a brokerage account at the firm of their choice.**

**Subsection 2-C – Disclosure Obligations**

**The terms of this Subsection 2-C apply to all Access Person designations and to all Associated Persons.**

**This policy requires the disclosure of a variety of account and holdings information to the Compliance Department for monitoring and oversight. This policy requires (1) an initial disclosure of information, and (2) periodic ongoing disclosures. Even if you do not have any personal brokerage**

**Page 8 of 38**

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**account holdings or do not trade in Reportable Securities, you are still required to complete the necessary initial and periodic disclosures.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. Initial Disclosure of Accounts and Holdings

**Within ten (10) calendar days of joining Vanguard, or if applicable within ten (10) calendar days of moving from a Non-Access Person role at Vanguard into an Access Person role, all Access Persons and Associated Persons must disclose the following to Compliance:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(a)All Covered Accounts and all Reportable Securities held by you or a Household or Family Member;**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(b)All Covered Accounts in which you exercise Investment Discretion;**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(c)All Covered Accounts over which you exercise control (e.g., agent authority (full or limited), trustee, power of attorney authority, etc.);**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(d)All accounts in which you have, or will acquire, Beneficial Ownership of Securities; and**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(e)All accounts held by you and any Household or Family Member in which there are college saving plan products (including, in the U.S., 529 plans), annuity products, or other insurance products that, in turn, hold or invest in Vanguard Funds.**

**This includes Brokerage Accounts held at Vanguard, as well as those held at another financial institution. For clarity, you do not need to disclose an account or submit transaction confirmations or statements if the account does not have the ability to hold Securities – for example, a traditional checking, savings, or deposit account with a bank, credit union, or building society for holding cash would not need to be disclosed.**

**This information must be current as of no more than 45 calendar days before joining Vanguard.**

**To make this initial disclosure, you will receive an Initial Certification assignment by email to complete which will include a section to disclose Covered Accounts and all Reportable Securities by including account information in the "Account Attestation" section of the assignment and uploading corresponding account statements via MCO. You must complete and submit the Initial Certification within ten (10) calendar days of receiving it; the failure to do so may be considered a violation of this policy.**

**<u>Note</u>: We use an application called MyComplianceOffice, or MCO, to help manage this policy. You may use MCO to disclose accounts and holdings, and to secure trading permissions, if those obligations apply to you. Visit My Ethics and Compliance Resource Center on CrewNet for resources on how to access and use MCO**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Ongoing Disclosure of Accounts, Transactions, and Duplicate Statements

**After the Initial Disclosure, Access Persons and Associated Persons may need to disclose account and transaction information to Compliance on a periodic basis regarding Covered Accounts and any transactions in Reportable Securities made by you and your Household or Family Members.**

**Page 9 of 38**

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**Further, if at any time you or a Household or Family Member subsequently:**

**open, or intend to open, a Covered Account with a financial institution (e.g., broker, dealer, advisor, or any other professional money manager), or**

**acquire holdings in Reportable Securities, or**

**have a preexisting Covered Account (including a Vanguard Brokerage Account) that becomes associated with you or a Household or Family Member (such as through marriage or inheritance or some other life event), or there becomes an account in which you acquire Beneficial Ownership of Securities, then you must notify Compliance as soon as possible (and in any event within 10 calendar days) and disclose these Covered Accounts and Reportable Securities by listing them and including associated information in the Accounts tab in MCO.**

**For U.S. crew, keep in mind that, as explained in Section 2-B of this policy above, you and your Household or Family Members (parts (a) and (b) of that defined term only) must maintain Reportable Securities in a VBA.**

**What and how to disclose this information:**

**For VBAs disclosed by U.S. crew as required under this policy, Compliance will receive transaction confirmations automatically. No additional action by you is needed to disclose transactions of Reportable Securities in VBAs you have disclosed.**

**For Covered Accounts and holdings of Reportable Securities held outside of Vanguard (including in any account that would require disclosure under Section 2- C(1) of this policy), it is <u>your responsibility</u> to ensure that duplicate statements and transaction confirmations are available to or delivered to Compliance:**

**oBecause Vanguard has file feed contracts in place with many brokerage firms worldwide, for many Covered Accounts you disclose the holdings and transactions information will be sent to Compliance electronically with no additional action needed by you.**

**oFor Covered Accounts held at firms where Vanguard does not have a file**

**feed in place, you must do the following:**

**Contact the firm where your Covered Account is held and take steps to send duplicate statements and daily transaction confirmations (electronic or paper) to Vanguard. You do this often by making Vanguard Compliance an interested party and having duplicate statements and confirmations sent to the third party scanning service Vanguard uses, called "Earth Class Mail" at this address: Vanguard, c/o TerraNua, 9450 SW Gemini Drive #37880, Beaverton, OR, 97008-7105.**

**If the firm where your Covered Account is held is not able to send statements and daily transaction confirmations (electronic or paper) to Vanguard, you are required to scan and upload copies into the Trading Documents folder in MCO immediately after you receive them, unless you receive an exemption from this requirement from Compliance. You must ensure the documents you upload clearly show the firm/institution at which the account is held, the account number or ID, the account owner, and the account type.**

**Page 10 of 38**

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**If Compliance does not receive the information automatically via a file feed, you will receive email notifications on a calendar quarterly basis to complete a Quarterly Securities Transaction Report and thereby disclose Covered Accounts and Reportable Securities, via MCO. You must complete and submit that assignment within 30 calendar days; the failure to do so may be considered a violation of this policy.**

**On an annual basis (usually in January or February), you will receive an assignment from Compliance in which you must certify, among other things, that all Covered Accounts and Reportable Securities are recorded accurately in MCO.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Additional notes related to disclosures under this policy:

**For clarity, you do not need to disclose an account or submit transaction confirmations or statements if the account does not have the ability to hold Securities (for example, a traditional checking, savings, or deposit account with a bank, credit union, or building society for holding cash would not need to be disclosed).**

**As stated above, U.S. crew and contingent workers who are Associated Persons are also required to comply with and are subject to the FINRA Licensing Policy and**

**Securities Account Reporting Obligations.**

**The Compliance Department will keep personal trading information confidential, but please note that such information may be accessible to authorized personnel within Compliance and may be reported to or summarized for senior management, HR, or the OGC for investigative purposes. Applicable records may also be provided to internal or external auditors and/or to any regulator if required. All ex-U.S. crew and contingent workers are required to sign a data consent / data privacy notice.**

**Please note that crew and contingent workers in Australia are required to disclose all transactions in VIA funds in MCO in the same manner as is required for Reportable Securities.**

**Subsection 2-D – Investment and Trading Restrictions**

**This Subsection 2-D contains three segments:**

**Segment 2-D-1 applies to all Access Person designations.**

**Segment 2-D-2 has terms and requirements that differ based on your Access Person designation.**

**oSegment 2-D-2(a): <u>Advisor</u> Access Person requirements**

**oSegment 2-D-2(b): <u>Fund</u> Access Person requirements**

**oSegment 2-D-2(c): <u>Investment</u> Access Person requirements**

**Segment 2-D-3 explains how to seek and abide by preclearance requirements, if applicable to your activity.**

**<u>Segment 2-D-1: Rules and Limitations applicable to all Access Person designations</u>**

**The terms of this Segment 2-D-1 apply to all Access Person designations.**

**Page 11 of 38**

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

**(a)<u>General Obligations</u>**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**i)Comply with the law:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(1)You must comply with all applicable** securities-related rules and laws.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(2)You may not engage in conduct that is deceitful, fraudulent, or manipulative, or that involves false or misleading statements, in connection with the purchase or sale of a Security by a Vanguard Fund or Vanguard Client account or otherwise.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(3)You may not intentionally, recklessly, or negligently circulate false information or rumors that may affect the securities markets or may be perceived as market manipulation.**

**ii)Use of Information:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(1)You may not take personal advantage of knowledge of recent, impending, or planned Securities activities of the Vanguard Funds or their investment advisors or any Vanguard Client. You are prohibited from purchasing or** selling—directly or indirectly—any Security or Related Security when you know that the Security is being purchased or sold, or considered for purchase or sale, by a Vanguard Fund (with the exception of an index fund) or by a Vanguard Client.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(2)You are subject to and must comply with the Insider Trading Policy** and/or any similar policy of the Vanguard affiliate or region for which you work. Each of these policies is considered an integral part of your obligations under this policy. Each policy prohibits you from buying or selling any Security while in possession of material, nonpublic information about the issuer of the Security. The policies also prohibit you from communicating any nonpublic information about any Security or issuer of Securities to third parties.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(3)You must comply with the Confidential Information Policy**, including that you may not share information with any third party about any planned, upcoming, or recently executed trading activity by any Vanguard Fund or Vanguard Client unless such information is publicly available through no action by you.

**iii)Fund policies and excessive trading:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(1)When purchasing, exchanging, or redeeming shares of a Vanguard Fund, you must adhere to the policies and standards set forth in the fund's prospectus, or offering document, including policies on** market-timing and frequent trading.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(2)Excessive trading in Covered Accounts is strongly discouraged. The Compliance Department reserves the right to monitor trading across all of your Covered Accounts, and may conduct scrutiny of any trades in your Covered Accounts where such trading may appear excessive in nature (including, but not limited to, if the number of trades is so frequent as to potentially impact your ability to carry out your assigned responsibilities or the trades involve positions that are disproportionate to your net assets). If Compliance in its sole discretion determines you have engaged in excessive trading, then Compliance may limit the number of trades allowed in your Covered Accounts during a given period. This Section** 2-D-1(a)(iii)(2) does not apply to transactions in an Approved Managed Account.

**Page 12 of 38**

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**iv)Beneficial ownership and discretion:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(1)The terms and restrictions of this policy apply to all Securities in which you have acquired or will acquire Beneficial Ownership.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(2)You must comply with these investment and trading restrictions with respect to any account you own as well as any account over which you have Investment Discretion or in which you have the authority to transact.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**v)No circumvention – You are not permitted to assist, aid, or enable any other person in doing anything that you are prohibited from doing under this policy.**

**vi)Waivers:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(1)The Chief Compliance Officer may grant exceptions to this policy, including preclearance, other trading restrictions, and certain reporting requirements on a** case-by-case basis if it is determined that (1) the proposed conduct involves no opportunity for abuse, (2) the proposed conduct does not conflict with Vanguard's interests, and (3) not granting an exception would result in an unfair or unjust outcome.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(2)The Chief Compliance Officer may waive the applicability of this policy for a contingent worker if the policy's requirements are covered through the applicable service provider's contract with Vanguard.**

**(b)<u>Rules regarding specific investments or investment types:</u>**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**i)Use of derivatives:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(1)You and your Household or Family Members may not use a derivative to avoid or circumvent a rule or requirement set forth in this policy. If something is prohibited by these rules, then it is also against these rules to effectively accomplish the same thing by using a derivative. This includes futures, options, and other types of derivatives.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(2)You and your Household or Family Members are permitted to trade futures or options on commodities.**

**ii)IPOs and ICOs:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(1)You and your Household or Family Members are prohibited from acquiring Securities in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) or Secondary Offering.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(2)You and your Household or Family Members are prohibited from participating in an Initial Coin Offering (ICO).**

**iii)Private Placements:**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(1)You and your Household or Family Members are not permitted to invest in securities offered to potential investors in a Private Placement or other limited investment offering without first obtaining preclearance from Compliance.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(2)You must provide documentation describing the investment (e.g., offering memorandum, subscription documents, etc.) so as to enable Compliance to conduct a thorough review of the investment.**

**Page 13 of 38**

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(3)Approval by Compliance may be granted or denied after a review of the facts and circumstances, including whether:**

**An investment in the securities is likely to result in future conflicts with Vanguard Client accounts.**

**You are being offered the opportunity due to your employment at, or association with, Vanguard.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(4)If you or your Household or Family Members receive approval to purchase Securities in a Private Placement, you must immediately inform Compliance if that Security goes to public offer or is pending listing on an exchange.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(5)To initiate the process for obtaining preclearance of a Private Placement, complete the Outside Business Activity request form (the form for U.S. crew is in LARS**, and for ex-U.S. crew is in **MCO**).

**iv)SPACs – You and your Household or Family Members are prohibited from acquiring a SPAC at any stage of its lifecycle (i.e., pre-IPO, IPO, pre-merger, post-merger).**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**v)Short-Selling** – You are prohibited from selling short any Security that you do not own or from otherwise engaging in short-selling activities.

**vi)Limit Orders – Same-day limit orders are permitted; however, good 'til cancelled orders (such as limit orders that stay open over the course of multiple trading days until a security reaches a specified market price) are not permitted.**

**vii)Digital Currencies and Related Investments – Refer to the Trading and Reporting Requirements for Digital Currency Investments and Activities for details on which digital currency account and product types are permitted, and what must be disclosed, under this policy.**

**(c)<u>Short term trading in a Vanguard Fund (other than Vanguard ETFs):</u>**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**i)Compliance may monitor trading in Vanguard Funds, other than Vanguard ETFs, and will review situations where Vanguard Fund shares are redeemed within 30 calendar days of purchase (a** "short-term trade"). You may be required to relinquish to Vanguard any profit made on a short-term trade and will be subject to disciplinary action if Compliance determines the short-term trade was detrimental to a Vanguard Fund or a Vanguard Client or that there is a history of frequent trading by you or your Household or Family Members. For purposes of this paragraph:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(1)A redemption includes a redemption by any means, including an exchange out of a Vanguard Fund.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(2)This policy does not cover purchases and redemptions/sales (i) into or out of Vanguard money market funds, Vanguard** short-term bond funds, or (ii) through an Automatic Investment Program.

**Page 14 of 38**

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**ii)Nothing in this section is intended to replace, nullify, or modify any requirements imposed by a Vanguard Fund.**

**<u>Segment 2-D-2: Specific Limitations and Prohibitions that Apply Based on Access Person Designation</u>**

**The terms and requirements of this Segment 2-D-2 are in addition to the terms and requirement of Segment 2-D-1, and you must comply with the portions of this Segment 2-D-2 that apply to your Access Person designation. Note, an Access Person designation can apply to crew members or contingent workers.**

**<u>Segment 2-D-2(a): Advisor Access Person requirements</u>**

**The following terms and requirements apply to <u>Advisor</u> Access Persons only and are in addition to the terms and requirements of Segment 2-D-1:**

**Securities transactions for which you must obtain preclearance (meaning, approval from Compliance before transacting)**

**None. You are <u>not</u> required to obtain preclearance of any Covered Securities transactions by you or your Household or Family Members, except Private Placements as described above.**

**Prohibited Securities transactions**

**In addition to Segment 2-D-1, you are subject to the following restrictions with respect to any transaction in which you will acquire any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership:**

**Short-Term Trading. You are prohibited from purchasing and then selling any Covered Security at a profit, as well as selling and then repurchasing a Covered Security at a lower price, within 60 calendar days. A last-in/first-out accounting methodology will be applied to a series of Security purchases when applying this rule. (Note, as stated, this is based on last- in/first-out accounting regardless of how you placed the trade or plan to report it for tax purposes.) If you realize profits on short-term trades, you will be required to relinquish the profits to Vanguard (exclusive of commissions). In addition, the trade will be recorded as a violation of this policy. For example: you would not be permitted to sell a Covered Security at $12 that you purchased within the prior 60 days for $10. Similarly, you would not be permitted to purchase a Covered Security at $10 that you had sold within the prior 60 days for $12.**

**Short-term trading on options. You may hold options on a Covered Security until you exercise the options or the options expire. However, you may not otherwise close any open positions within 60 calendar days. If you realize profits on such short-term trades, you must relinquish such profits to Vanguard (exclusive of commissions). In addition, the trade will be recorded as a violation of this policy. Note: These types of transactions can have unintended consequences.**

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**For example, your call option could be assigned, causing the underlying Security to be called away within sixty (60) calendar days following the purchase of the Covered Security.**

**Visit the Appendix C for a table summarizing the trading and reporting requirements for Advisor Access Persons.**

**<u>Segment 2-D-2(b): Fund Access Person requirements</u>**

**The following terms and requirements apply to <u>Fund</u> Access Persons only and are in addition to the terms and requirements of Segment 2-D-1:**

**Securities transactions for which you must obtain preclearance (meaning, approval from Compliance before transacting)**

**Securities transactions that do <u>not</u> require preclearance**

**Is preclearance required for trades in an Approved Managed Account?**

**Yes, you must obtain, for yourself and on behalf of your Household or Family Members, preclearance for any transaction of a Covered Security by you or any Household or Family Member.**

**See Segment 2-D-3, below, for instructions on how to seek preclearance.**

**You are not required to obtain preclearance for the following:**

**Purchases or sales of Vanguard Funds. Purchases or sales where the person requesting preclearance has no direct or indirect influence or control over the account (e.g., you have a trust in your name but you are not the trustee who places the transaction, provided you have granted Investment Discretion to the trustee and there has been no prior communication between you and the trustee regarding the transaction).**

**Corporate actions in Covered Securities such as stock dividends, stock splits, mergers, consolidations, spin-offs, or other similar corporate reorganizations or distributions. Purchases or sales made as a part of an Automatic Investment Program.**

**Purchases effected upon the exercise of Rights which were issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its Securities, to the extent such Rights were acquired from such issuer.**

**Acquisitions of Covered Securities through gifts or bequests.**

**Visit the Appendix D for a table summarizing the trading and reporting requirements for Fund Access Persons.**

**No, you are not required to seek preclearance of a transaction in a Covered Security in an Approved Managed Account so long as you have no prior communication with the portfolio manager of that account in connection with that transaction.**

**Note, Vanguard PAS accounts generally do <u>not</u> qualify as Approved Managed Accounts because PAS account owners generally retain some level of investment discretion. Further, any**

**Page 16 of 38**

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---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **trades of Covered Securities in a PAS account must be** |
|  | **precleared under this policy.** |
| **"Blackout period"** | **You may be subject to certain restrictions if you purchase or sell a** |
| **restrictions that may** | **Covered Security within seven (7) days before or after a** |
| **apply to personal** | **Vanguard Fund purchases or sells the same Covered Security or** |
| **trading in Covered** | **a Related Security (the "blackout period").** |
| **Securities** | **Purchasing or selling before a Vanguard Fund:** |
|  | **Purchasing or selling before a Vanguard Fund:** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**If you <u>purchase</u> a Covered Security within seven days before** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**a Vanguard Fund purchases the same Covered Security or a** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Related Security, you may be required to hold the Covered** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Security for 6 months before being permitted to sell the** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Covered Security for a profit.** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**If you <u>sell</u> a Covered Security within seven days before a** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Vanguard Fund sells the same Covered Security or a Related** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Security, you may be required to relinquish to Vanguard any** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**profits earned from your sale of the Covered Security** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(exclusive of commissions), where profits are calculated** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**based on the price that the Vanguard Fund received for** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**selling the Covered Security or a Related Security. Note:** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Compliance will review your sale to determine if the** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**relinquishment is required. This decision will be based on** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**several factors, such as your role, access to fund trades, and** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**the Covered Security sold.** |
|  | **Purchasing or selling after a Vanguard Fund:** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**In general, you will not receive preclearance to <u>purchase</u> a** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Covered Security within seven days after a Vanguard Fund** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**trades the same Covered Security or a Related Security. If** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**you execute the transaction without receiving preclearance,** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**you will have violated this policy and must immediately sell** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**the Covered Security and relinquish all profits received from** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**the sale to Vanguard (exclusive of commissions).** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**In general, you will not receive preclearance to <u>sell</u> a Covered** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Security within seven days after a Vanguard Fund trades the** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**same Covered Security or a Related Security. If you execute** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**the transaction without receiving preclearance, you will have** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**violated this policy and must relinquish to Vanguard the** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**difference (exclusive of commissions) between the sale price** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**you received and the Vanguard Fund's sale price (as long as** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**your sales price is higher), multiplied by the number of shares** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**you sold.** |
|  | **In addition to these restrictions, local law may dictate the extent to** |
|  | **which any gains must be relinquished.** |
|  | **Compliance may exempt from these restrictions certain trades** |
|  | **during blackout periods that coincide with trading by certain** |
|  | **Vanguard Funds (e.g., index funds).** |

---

**Page 17 of 38**

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**Prohibited Securities transactions**

**The blackout period restrictions set forth above will not apply to a Fund Access Person's <u>sale</u> of stock of any issuer which has a market capitalization that exceeds US$5 billion (or local currency equivalent), provided that the total value of any sales of the Security by the Fund Access Person do not exceed US$10,000 (or local currency equivalent) in any 30-day rolling period. Sales of securities of issuers with market capitalizations below US$5 billion, or that exceed US$10,000 in any 30-day rolling period, will continue to be subject to the blackout periods unless Compliance grants a waiver.**

**Compliance may waive the blackout period as it applies to the sale of a Covered Security if the Chief Compliance Officer determines its application creates a significant hardship to you (e.g., you need cash for a home purchase or to cover a major medical expense) and, in the opinion of the Chief Compliance Officer, satisfies the requirements for a waiver in the Waivers paragraph of Segment 2-D-1, above. Request and complete a**

**Hardship Waiver Request Form.**

**In addition to Segment 2-D-1, you are subject to the following restrictions with respect to any transaction in which you will acquire any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership:**

**Futures and Options. You are prohibited from entering into, acquiring, or selling any Futures contract (including single stock futures) or any Option on any Security (including Options on ETFs, Digital Utility Tokens, Digital Security Tokens, and Digital Currencies).**

**Short-Term Trading. You are prohibited from purchasing and then selling any Covered Security at a profit, as well as selling and then repurchasing a Covered Security at a lower price, within 60 calendar days. A last-in/first-out accounting methodology will be applied to a series of Security purchases when applying this rule. (Note, as stated, this is based on last- in/first-out accounting regardless of how you placed the trade or plan to report it for tax purposes.) If you realize profits on short-term trades, you will be required to relinquish the profits to Vanguard (exclusive of commissions). In addition, the trade will be recorded as a violation of this policy. Example: You are not permitted to sell a security at $12 that you purchased within the prior 60 days for $10. Similarly, you are not permitted to purchase a security at $10 that you sold within the prior 60 days for $12.**

**Spread Bets. You are prohibited from participating in Spread Betting on Securities, indexes, interest rates, currencies, or commodities.**

**Page 18 of 38**

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**<u>Segment 2-D-2(c): Investment Access Person requirements</u>**

**The following terms and requirements apply to <u>Investment</u> Access Persons only and are in addition to the terms and requirements of Segment 2-D-1:**

**Securities transactions for which you must obtain preclearance (meaning, approval from Compliance before transacting)**

**Yes, you must obtain, for yourself and on behalf of your Household or Family Members, preclearance for any transaction of (i) a Covered Security, or (ii) a Vanguard ETF, by you or any Household or Family Member.**

**See Segment 2-D-3, below, for instructions on how to seek preclearance.**

**Securities transactions that do <u>not</u> require preclearance**

**Is preclearance required for trades in an Approved Managed Account?**

**You are not required to obtain preclearance for the following:**

**Purchases or sales of Vanguard Funds. (Reminder: The purchase or sale of Vanguard ETFs <u>does</u> require preclearance.)**

**Purchases or sales where the person requesting preclearance has no direct or indirect influence or control over the Covered Security (e.g., you have a trust in your name but you are not the trustee who places the transaction, provided you have granted Investment Discretion to the trustee and there has been no prior communication between you and the trustee regarding the transaction).**

**Corporate actions in Covered Securities such as stock dividends, stock splits, mergers, consolidations, spin-offs, or other similar corporate reorganizations or distributions. Purchases or sales made as a part of an Automatic Investment Program.**

**Purchases effected upon the exercise of Rights which were issued by an issuer pro rata to all holders of a class of its Securities, to the extent such Rights were acquired from such issuer.**

**Acquisitions of Covered Securities through gifts or bequests.**

**Visit the Appendix for a table summarizing the trading and reporting requirements for Investment Access Persons.**

**No, you are not required to seek preclearance of a transaction in a Covered Security in an Approved Managed Account so long as you have no prior communication with the portfolio manager of that account in connection with that transaction.**

**Note, Vanguard PAS accounts generally do <u>not</u> qualify as Approved Managed Accounts because PAS account owners generally retain some level of investment discretion. Further, any trades of Covered Securities (but not trades of Vanguard ETFs) in a PAS account must be precleared under this policy.**

**Page 19 of 38**

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**"Blackout period" restrictions that may apply to personal trading in Covered Securities**

**You may be subject to certain restrictions if you purchase or sell a Covered Security within seven (7) days before or after a Vanguard Fund purchases or sells the same Covered Security or a Related Security (the "blackout period").**

**Purchasing or selling before a Vanguard Fund:**

**If you <u>purchase</u> a Covered Security within seven days before a Vanguard Fund purchases the same Covered Security or a Related Security, you may be required to hold the Covered Security for 6 months before being permitted to sell the Covered Security for a profit.**

**If you <u>sell</u> a Covered Security within seven days before a Vanguard Fund sells the same Covered Security or a Related Security, you may be required to relinquish to Vanguard any profits earned from your sale of the Covered Security (exclusive of commissions), where profits are calculated based on the price that the Vanguard Fund received for selling the Covered Security or a Related Security.**

**Purchasing or selling after a Vanguard Fund:**

**In general, you will not receive preclearance to <u>purchase</u> a Covered Security within seven days after a Vanguard Fund trades the same Covered Security or a Related Security. If you execute the transaction without receiving preclearance, you will have violated this policy and must immediately sell the Covered Security and relinquish all profits received from the sale to Vanguard (exclusive of commissions).**

**In general, you will not receive preclearance to <u>sell</u> a Covered Security within seven days after a Vanguard Fund trades the same Covered Security or a Related Security. If you execute the transaction without receiving preclearance, you will have violated this policy and must relinquish to Vanguard the difference (exclusive of commissions) between the sale price you received and the Vanguard Fund's sale price (as long as your sales price is higher), multiplied by the number of shares you sold.**

**In addition to these restrictions, local law may dictate the extent to which any gains must be relinquished.**

**Compliance may exempt from these restrictions certain trades during blackout periods that coincide with trading by certain Vanguard Funds (e.g., index funds).**

**Compliance may waive the blackout period as it applies to the sale of a Covered Security if the Chief Compliance Officer determines its application creates a significant hardship to you (e.g., you need cash for a home purchase or to cover a major medical expense) and, in the opinion of the Chief Compliance Officer, satisfies the requirements for a waiver in the Waivers**

**Page 20 of 38**

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**Prohibited Securities transactions**

**paragraph of Segment D-1, above. Request and complete**

**a Hardship Waiver Request Form.**

**In addition to Segment 2-D-1, you are subject to the following restrictions with respect to any transaction in which you will acquire any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership:**

**Futures and Options. You are prohibited from entering into, acquiring, or selling any Futures contract (including single stock futures) or any Option on any Security (including Options on ETFs, Digital Utility Tokens, Digital Security Tokens, and Digital Currencies).**

**Short-Term Trading. You are prohibited from purchasing and then selling any Covered Security or a Vanguard ETF at a profit, as well as selling and then repurchasing a Covered Security or a Vanguard ETF at a lower price, within 60 calendar days. A last- in/first-out accounting methodology will be applied to a series of Security purchases when applying this rule. (Note, as stated, this is based on last-in/first-out accounting regardless of how you placed the trade or plan to report it for tax purposes.) If you realize profits on short-term trades, you will be required to relinquish the profits to Vanguard (exclusive of commissions). In addition, the trade will be recorded as a violation of this**

**policy. Example: You are not permitted to sell a security at $12 that you purchased within the prior 60 days for $10. Similarly, you are not permitted to purchase a security at $10 that you sold within the prior 60 days for $12.**

**Spread Bets. You are prohibited from participating in Spread Betting on Securities, indexes, interest rates, currencies, or commodities.**

**<u>Segment 2-D-3: How to Seek and Abide by Preclearance Requirements</u>**

**If you are required to obtain preclearance of any trade or transaction under this policy, then the terms of this Segment 2-D-3 apply to that trade or transaction.**

**Preclearance representations.**

**By seeking preclearance, you will be deemed to be advising and representing to Compliance that you:**

**Do not possess any material, nonpublic information relating to the security.**

**Do not use knowledge of any proposed trade or investment program relating to the Vanguard Funds for personal benefit.**

**Believe the proposed trade is available to any market participant on the same terms.**

**How do I obtain preclearance?**

**Preclearance must be obtained via the "Personal Trade Pre-Clearance" path in MCO. Once the required information is submitted, your preclearance request will usually be approved or denied**

**Page 21 of 38**

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**immediately. Transactions in Covered Securities (including, for Investment Access Persons, transactions in Vanguard ETFs) may not be executed before you receive approval.**

**As a reminder, preclearance of Private Placements is addressed in Segment 2-D-1 of this policy, above.**

**Attempting to gain approval after the transaction has occurred is not permitted. Completing a personal trade before receiving approval or after the approval window expires constitutes a violation of this policy. See Section 3 of this policy for more information regarding the sanctions that may be imposed as a result of a violation.**

**How long is my preclearance approval valid?**

**In the U.S.: Preclearance approval will expire at the end of the trading day on which it is issued (e.g., if you receive approval for a trade on Monday, it is effective until the market closes on that Monday). Preclearance for permitted limit orders is good for transactions on the same day that approval is granted only. If you receive approval for a limit order, it must be executed or expire at the close of regular trading on the same business day for which approval was granted. If you wish to execute the limit order after the close of regular trading on the day you received approval, you must submit a new preclearance request for the day you wish to execute the trade.**

**Outside the U.S.: If you receive approval, transactions must be executed no later than the end of trading on the next business day after the preclearance is granted. If the transaction is not placed within that time, you must submit a new request for approval before placing the transaction. If you preclear a limit order, that limit order must either be executed or expire at the end of the next business day. If you want to execute the order after the next business day period expires, you must resubmit your preclearance request.**

**Section 3 – Penalties and Sanctions**

**How we enforce this policy**

**The Compliance Department regularly reviews the forms, reports, and other information it receives. If these reviews turn up information that is incomplete, questionable, or potentially in violation of this policy, the Compliance Department will investigate the matter and may contact you. If it is determined that you or any of your Household or Family Members have violated this policy, the Compliance Department or another appropriate party may take action.**

**Violations**

**If the Compliance Department determines that there has been a violation, you may be subject to penalties and sanctions as described in this policy and otherwise as described in ![](gdwfz085vv5n8hcksukya.jpg)![](gxhu7khv8wgovd8i5o7po.jpg)![](gwsyd6ujyh6awp8dv17ej.jpg)![](gcxyegsv8te3mvad4jh0q.jpg)![](gyxqq6s55vn3gt6bzujxe.jpg)![](gya432n0eu8ck7okf788n.jpg)![](gmpd6bntpyeazklrntnoi.jpg)![](gsramaj94lwsmb9s8xyse.jpg) Action Policy and, for crew and contingent workers in Australia, the Managing Misconduct Policy. The Compliance Department will generally utilize a rolling 24-month period when evaluating whether and how to sanction a violation. Any violation of this policy may result in disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment.**

**Vanguard takes all policy violations seriously and at times provides the Vanguard Funds' board with a summary of actions taken in response to material violations of this policy and other policies. You should be aware that other securities laws and regulations not addressed by this policy may also apply to you, depending upon your role at Vanguard.**

**Page 22 of 38**

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**Exceptions**

**The Chief Compliance Officer or designee retains the discretion to interpret and grant exceptions to this policy and to decide how the rules apply to any given situation for the purpose of protecting the funds and being consistent with the general principles of this policy and the Code of Ethical Conduct.**

**In cases where exceptions to this policy are noted and you may qualify for them, you need to get prior written approval from the Compliance Department. If you believe that you have a situation that warrants an exception that is not discussed in this policy, you may submit a written request to the Compliance Department, which will consider your request and notify you of the outcome.**

**Section 4 – Defined Terms**

**The following definitions apply throughout this policy:**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Access Person** | **Any person designated as an Investment Access Person, Fund Access** |
|  | **Person, or Advisor Access Person.** |
| **Approved Managed** | **An investment account where (i) the account is owned by an investor** |
| **Account** | **and overseen by a hired professional money manager, (ii) the investor** |
|  | **has no trading discretion on the account, and (iii) Compliance has** |
|  | **approved it as an Approved Managed Account.** |
| **Associated Person** | **Any person who conducts securities business on behalf of Vanguard** |
|  | **Marketing Corporation (VMC). This includes all FINRA-licensed** |
|  | **contingent workers, as well as non-licensed contingent workers who** |
|  | **perform certain operational and administrative functions for VMC.** |
| **Automatic Investment** | **A program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are** |
| **Program** | **made automatically in (or from) Investment accounts, according to a** |
|  | **predetermined schedule and allocation. An Automatic Investment** |
|  | **Program includes a dividend reinvestment plan.** |
| **Bankers' Acceptance** | **A time draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower usually in** |
|  | **connection with an international commercial transaction. Bankers'** |
|  | **Acceptances are usually guaranteed by the bank.** |
| **Beneficial Ownership** | **The opportunity to directly or indirectly—through any contract,** |
|  | **arrangement, understanding, relationship, or otherwise—share at any** |
|  | **time in any economic interest or profit derived from an ownership of or a** |
|  | **transaction in a Security. For clarity, what you are deemed to have** |
|  | **Beneficial Ownership of includes the following:** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Any Security owned individually by you.** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Any Security owned by a Household or Family Member.** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Any Security owned in joint tenancy, as tenants in common, or in** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**other joint ownership arrangements.** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Any Security in which a Household or Family Member has** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Beneficial Ownership if the Security is held in a Covered Account** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**over which you have decision making authority (for example, you** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**act as a trustee, executor, or guardian or you provide Investment** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**advice).** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Your interest as a general partner or manager/member in** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Securities held by a general or limited partnership or limited liability** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**company.** |

---

**Page 23 of 38**

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---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Your interest as a member of an Investment club or an** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**organization that is formed for the purpose of investing in a pool of** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**monies or Securities.** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Your ownership of Securities as a trustee of a trust in which either** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**you or a Household or Family Member has a vested interest in the** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**principal or income of the trust or your ownership of a vested** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**interest in a trust.** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Securities owned by a corporation which is directly or indirectly** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**controlled by, or under common control with, such person.** |
| **Bond** | **A debt obligation issued by a corporation, government, or government** |
|  | **agency that entails repayment of the principal amount of the obligation at** |
|  | **a future date, usually with interest.** |
| **Certificate** | **In Germany, a right or obligation issued by a bank where the payout** |
|  | **profile or benefit of ownership depends upon or is tied to the** |
|  | **performance of an agreed-upon underlying asset or security.** |
| **Certificate of Deposit** | **An insured, interest-bearing deposit at a bank that requires the depositor** |
| (CD) | **to keep the money invested for a specified period.** |
| **Commercial Paper** | **A promissory note issued by a large company in need of short-term** |
|  | **financing.** |
| **Covered Account** | **Any Vanguard Fund account, any brokerage account, and any other type** |
|  | **of account that holds, or is capable of holding, Reportable Securities.** |
| **Covered Security** | **Any Security (including through an IPO), but <u>not</u> including any:** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Direct Obligations of a Government;** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Bankers' Acceptances, Certificates of Deposit (CD), Commercial** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Paper, and High-Quality Short-Term Debt Instruments, including** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Repurchase Agreements;** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Shares issued by Open-End Funds (although for European** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**subsidiaries, this is limited to UCITS schemes, a non-UCITS retail** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**scheme, or another fund subject to supervision under the law of an** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**European Economic Area (EEA) state which is an index fund or** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**which requires an equivalent level of risk spreading in their assets);** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Life policies;** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**ETFs;** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**ETNs; or** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Digital Currencies.** |
| **Debenture** | **An unsecured debt obligation backed only by the general credit of the** |
|  | **borrower.** |
| **Digital Currency** | **A digital asset that: (1) serves solely as a store of value, a medium of** |
|  | **exchange, or a unit of account; (2) is not issued or guaranteed by any** |
|  | **jurisdiction, central bank, or public authority; (3) relies on algorithmic** |
|  | **techniques to regulate the generation of new units of the digital asset;** |
|  | **and (4) has transactions involving the digital asset recorded on a** |
|  | **decentralized network or distributed ledger (e.g., blockchain). Common** |
|  | **examples of a Digital Currency are Bitcoin and Ether. A Digital Currency** |
|  | **is distinguishable from a Digital Security Token or a Digital Utility Token.** |
| **Digital Security Token** | **Any digital asset that is not a Digital Currency or Digital Utility Token. In** |
|  | **general, a Digital Security Token may: (1) derive its value primarily from,** |
|  | **or represent an interest in, a separate asset or pool of assets; or (2)** |
|  | **represent an interest in an enterprise or venture. A Digital Security** |
|  | **Token may provide owners or holders with voting rights, rights to** |
|  | **distributions, or other rights associated with ownership. Digital Security** |

---

**Page 24 of 38**

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---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Tokens are generally held for speculative investment purposes and not** |
|  | **to provide holders with access to a particular network, product, or** |
|  | **service. Digital Security Tokens, like other investments, are generally not** |
|  | **used as a medium of exchange.** |
|  | **Note, whether or not an asset is a Digital Security Token depends on** |
|  | **specific facts and circumstances. Merely referring to an asset as a Digital** |
|  | **Currency or Digital Utility Token does not prevent the asset from being a** |
|  | **Digital Security Token. Furthermore, an asset may be a Digital Security** |
|  | **Token even if it has some purported utility. Please contact Compliance if** |
|  | **you have any questions regarding whether an asset is a Digital Security** |
|  | **Token.** |
| **Digital Utility Token** | **A digital asset that (1) provides access to a particular network, product,** |
|  | **or service; (2) derives its value primarily from providing access to a** |
|  | **particular network, product, or service; and (3) does not function as a** |
|  | **Digital Currency or Digital Security Token.** |
| **Direct Obligation of a** | **A debt that is backed by the full taxing power of any government. These** |
| **Government** | **Securities are generally considered to be of the very highest quality.** |
| **ETF or Exchange-** | **An investment with characteristics of both mutual funds and individual** |
| **Traded Fund** | **stocks. Many ETFs track an index, a commodity, or a basket of assets.** |
|  | **Unlike mutual funds, ETFs can be traded throughout the day. ETFs often** |
|  | **have lower expense ratios but must be purchased and sold through a** |
|  | **broker, which means you may incur commissions.** |
| **ETN or Exchange-** | **A senior, unsecured, unsubordinated debt Security issued by a financial** |
| **Traded Note** | **institution, whose returns are based on the performance of an underlying** |
|  | **index and backed only by the credit of the issuer. ETNs have a maturity** |
|  | **date, but typically pay no periodic coupon interest and offer no principal** |
|  | **protection. At maturity an ETN investor receives a cash payment linked** |
|  | **to the performance of the corresponding index, less fees.** |
| **Futures / Futures** | **A contract to buy or sell specific amounts of a commodity or financial** |
| **Contract** | **instrument (such as grain, a currency, including foreign currencies and** |
|  | **Digital Currencies (e.g., Bitcoin), a Digital Security Token, or an index)** |
|  | **for an agreed-upon price at a certain time in the future. Sometimes the** |
|  | **arrangements in a contract prescribe that settlements are made through** |
|  | **cash payments, rather than the delivery of physical goods or Securities;** |
|  | **this is called Contract for Difference.** |
| **High-Quality Short-** | **An instrument that has a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and** |
| **Term Debt Instrument** | **is rated in one of the two highest ratings categories by a nationally** |
|  | **recognized statistical rating organization, or an instrument that is unrated** |
|  | **but determined by Vanguard to be of comparable quality.** |
| **Household or Family** | **For the U.S., Australia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, and Mexico regions,** |
| **Member (U.S.,** | **the term "Household or Family Member" includes:** |
| **Australia, Canada,** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Your spouse or domestic partner (an unrelated adult with whom |
| **China, Hong Kong, and** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Your spouse or domestic partner (an unrelated adult with whom |
| **Mexico)** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**you share your home and contribute to each other's support);** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Any child of yours or of your spouse or domestic partner, provided |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**that the child resides in the same household as or is financially** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**dependent upon you; or** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) Any other individual over whose accounts you have control (e.g., |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**agent authority (full or limited), trustee, power of attorney authority)** |
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**and to whose financial support you materially contribute.** |

---

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---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **For purposes of parts (a) and (b) of this definition, those persons may** |
|  | **not be deemed Household or Family Members under this policy if you** |
|  | **demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the Compliance Department, that you** |
|  | **derive no economic benefit from, and exercise no control over, that** |
|  | **person's accounts.** |
| **Household or Family** | **For Europe crew members, the term "Household or Family Member"** |
| **Member (Europe)** | **includes your spouse, domestic partner (an unrelated adult with whom** |
|  | **you share your home and contribute to each other's support), and minor** |
|  | **children, as well as relatives whether by blood, adoption, or marriage** |
|  | **(e.g., children, grandchildren, siblings, parents, parents-in-law,** |
|  | **stepchildren) residing in the same household for at least one year prior** |
|  | **to the date of the personal transaction.** |
| **Initial Coin Offering** | **An initial offer or sale of Digital Currencies or Digital Security Tokens.** |
| (ICO) | **Note, whether or not an offering is an ICO depends on specific facts and** |
|  | **circumstances. Please contact Compliance before participating in an** |
|  | **initial offering of a Digital Currency, Digital Security Token, or Digital** |
|  | **Utility Token** |
| **Initial Public Offering** | **A corporation's first offering of common stock to the public.** |
| (IPO) |  |
| **Investment Contract** | **Any contract, transaction, or scheme whereby a person invests money in** |
|  | **a common enterprise and is led to expect profits solely from the efforts of** |
|  | **the promoter or third party.** |
| **Investment Discretion** | **The authority an individual may exercise, with respect to investment** |
|  | **control or trading discretion, on another person's account (e.g., executor,** |
|  | **trustee, power of attorney).** |
| **Non-Access Person** | **Any person in a role that has not been designated as an Access Person** |
|  | **role.** |
| **Note** | **A financial security that generally has a longer term than a bill, but a** |
|  | **shorter term than a Bond. However, the duration of a note can vary** |
|  | **significantly and may not always fall neatly into this categorization. Notes** |
|  | **are similar to Bonds in that they are sold at, above, or below face (par)** |
|  | **value; make regular interest payments; and have a specified term until** |
|  | **maturity.** |
| **Open-End Fund** | **A mutual fund that has an unlimited number of shares available for** |
|  | **purchase.** |
| **Option** | **The right, but not the obligation, to buy (for a call option) or sell (for a put** |
|  | **option) a specific amount of a given stock, commodity, currency,** |
|  | **including foreign currencies and Digital Currencies (e.g., Bitcoin), index,** |
|  | **or debt, at a specified price (the strike price) during a specified period or** |
|  | **on one particular date.** |
| **Private Placement** | **A Security that is not registered or required to be registered under** |
|  | **applicable securities laws. Private Placements are generally sold to a** |
|  | **relatively small number of select investors (as opposed to a public issue,** |
|  | **in which Securities are made available for sale on the open market) in** |
|  | **order to raise capital. Private Placements may include, among others,** |
|  | **interests in hedge funds (including limited partnership interests) and** |
|  | **shares of private companies. Investors in Private Placements are usually** |
|  | **banks, mutual funds, insurance companies, pension funds, hedge funds,** |
|  | **and high net worth individuals. Private Placements are typically held or** |
|  | **maintained outside of Vanguard.** |
| **Related Security** | **Any Security or instrument that provides economic exposure to the same** |
|  | **company or entity—provided, however, that equity instruments will** |

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**Page 26 of 38**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **generally not be considered related to fixed income instruments (other** |
|  | **than convertible Bonds) and vice versa. For example, all of the following** |
|  | **instruments would be related to the common Stock of Company X:** |
|  | **Options, Futures, Rights, and Warrants on Company X common Stock;** |
|  | **preferred Stock issued by Company X; and Bonds convertible into** |
|  | **Company X common Stock. Similarly, different Bonds issued by** |
|  | **Company X would be related to one another.** |
| **Reportable Security** | **Any Covered Security, ETF, ETN, or Digital Security Token.** |
| **Repurchase Agreement** | **An arrangement by which the seller of an asset agrees, at the time of the** |
|  | **sale, to buy back the asset at a specific price and, typically, on a given** |
|  | **date (normally the next day).** |
| **Right** | **A Security giving stockholders entitlement to purchase new shares** |
|  | **issued by the corporation issuer at a predetermined price (normally at a** |
|  | **discount to the current market price) in proportion to the number of** |
|  | **shares already owned. Rights are issued only for a short period of time,** |
|  | **after which they expire.** |
| **Secondary Offering** | **The sale of new or closely held shares by a company that has already** |
|  | **made an Initial Public Offering.** |
| **Security** | **Any Stock, Bond, money market instrument, Note, evidence of** |
|  | **indebtedness, Debenture, Warrant, Option, Right, Investment Contract,** |
|  | **ETF, ETN, Digital Currency that has been deemed to be a security by** |
|  | **the US Securities and Exchange Commission, Certificate, or any other** |
|  | **investment or interest commonly known as a Security.** |
| **SPAC (Special Purpose** | **A shell company or company with no commercial operations that is** |
| **Acquisition Company)** | **formed strictly to raise capital through an Initial Public Offering (IPO) for** |
|  | **the purpose of acquiring an existing company.** |
| **Spread Betting** | **A way of trading that enables you to profit from movements in a wide** |
|  | **range of markets from Securities to currencies, including foreign** |
|  | **currencies and Digital Currencies, Digital Security Tokens, commodities,** |
|  | **and interest rates. Spread betting allows you to trade on whether the** |
|  | **price quoted for these financial instruments will go up or down.** |
| **Stock** | **A Security that represents part ownership, or equity, in a corporation.** |
|  | **Each share of stock is a proportional stake in the corporation's assets** |
|  | **and profits, some of which could be paid out as dividends.** |
| **UCITS (Undertakings** | **A regulatory framework of the European Commission that creates a** |
| **for the Collective** | **harmonized regime throughout Europe for the management and sale of** |
| **Investment of** | **mutual funds. UCITS funds can be registered in Europe and sold to** |
| **Transferable** | **investors worldwide using unified regulatory and investor protection** |
| **Securities)** | **requirements.** |
| **Vanguard Client** | **The clients of VGI, or any of the International Subsidiaries, and investors** |
|  | **in the Vanguard Funds, including the Vanguard Funds themselves.** |
| **Vanguard Fund** | **Vanguard mutual funds, Vanguard managed funds, Vanguard UCITS** |
|  | **funds, Vanguard ETFs, and any other accounts sponsored or managed** |
|  | **by Vanguard. This includes, but is not limited to, separately managed** |
|  | **accounts and collective trusts.** |
| **Warrant** | **An entitlement to purchase a certain amount of common Stock at a set** |
|  | **price (usually higher than the current price) during an extended period of** |
|  | **time. Usually issued with a fixed-income security to enhance its** |
|  | **marketability, a Warrant can be transferred, traded, or exercised by the** |
|  | **holder.** |

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**Page 27 of 38**

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**Policy Compliance**

**Questions regarding this policy may be submitted to Code_of_Ethics@vanguard.com.**

**Please be aware of and comply with any supplemental policies that may apply to your role, department, or geographic region. Check with your manager for more information.**

**If you believe you may have breached this policy, you should immediately report it to your manager, notify the policy contact for your region, and work with them to take swift corrective action. Alternatively, you may report concerns regarding this policy via the Anonymous Reporting channel that Vanguard has arranged for your region. You are expected to cooperate with any research or investigation into conduct regarding this policy.**

**The Compliance Department is the owner of this policy. Any violations or potential violations of this policy may be investigated by the Compliance Department, and if it is determined that there has been a violation, you may be subject to penalties and sanctions as described in the Disciplinary Action Policy and, for crew and contingent workers in Australia, the Managing Misconduct Policy. Any violation of this policy may result in disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment.**

**Refer to the Policy Disclaimer Statement for more information.**

**Page 28 of 38**

## Ex-99

February 24, 2023

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

100 F Street, N.E.

Washington, DC 20549

Re: Vanguard STAR Funds (the "Trust") 2-88373

Commissioners:

Enclosed is the 99th Post-Effective Amendment to the Trust's Registration Statement on Form N-1A, which we are filing pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933. The purpose of this amendment is to provide the annual update to the Trust's Registration Statement, including audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, as well as a number of non-material editorial changes. This amendment does not contain disclosures that would render it ineligible to become effective under Rule 485(b). Pursuant to the requirements of Rule 485(b), this amendment designates an effective date of February 27, 2023.

Please contact me at (610) 503-9743, (kerry_bender@vanguard.com), with any questions or comments that you have concerning the enclosed Amendment.

Sincerely,

/s/Kerry K. Bender

Kerry K. Bender

Assistant General Counsel

The Vanguard Group, Inc.

Enclosures

cc: Lisa N. Larkin

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission