# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001627014
**File Stem:** 0001627014-23-000007
**Filing Date:** 2023-2
**Character Count:** 98986
**Document Hash:** 893822d6479453bc3260bc62ae5c9cde
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001627014-23-000007.hdr.sgml**: 20230214

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001627014-23-000007

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 13

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20230208

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Financial Statements and Exhibits

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230214

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230214

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Black Knight, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001627014
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SERVICES-PREPACKAGED SOFTWARE [7372]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-37394
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23630048

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 601 RIVERSIDE AVENUE
- **CITY:** JACKSONVILLE
- **STATE:** FL
- **ZIP:** 32204
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** (904) 854-5100

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 601 RIVERSIDE AVENUE
- **CITY:** JACKSONVILLE
- **STATE:** FL
- **ZIP:** 32204

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Black Knight Financial Services, Inc.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20141204

?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?

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**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 8-K**

**Current Report**

**Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934**

**Date of Report (date of earliest event reported):**

**February 8, 2023**

## BLACK KNIGHT, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

001-37394

(Commission File Number)

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **81-5265638** |
| (State or Other Jurisdiction of  | (IRS Employer Identification Number) |
| Incorporation or Organization) |  |

---

**601 Riverside Avenue**

**Jacksonville, Florida 32204**

(Addresses of Principal Executive Offices)

**(904) 854-5100**

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

**Not Applicable**

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

**Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Title of each class**<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Name of each exchange on which registered**<br>|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Common Stock, $0.0001 par value<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;BKI<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp;New York Stock Exchange<br>|

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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**Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year**

On February 8, 2023, the Board of Directors (the "Board") of Black Knight, Inc. ("Black Knight" or the "Company") amended and restated the Company's bylaws to implement a "proxy access" procedure for stockholder director nominations. Section 3.1 of the amended and restated bylaws permits a stockholder, or a group of up to 20 stockholders, to include in the Company's proxy materials director nominees constituting up to two individuals or 20% of the board, whichever is greater; provided that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the nominating stockholder(s) own a number of shares representing three percent or more of the total voting power of the Company's outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the nominating stockholder(s) have owned that number of shares continuously for at least three years; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;·&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the nominating stockholder(s) and their director nominee(s) otherwise satisfy the requirements of Section 3.1 of the amended and restated bylaws.

The amended and restated bylaws were effective immediately.

The Board of Directors has adopted these amendments in response to the stockholders' vote in favor of proxy access at its annual meeting of stockholders held in June 2022. The adoption reflects the Board's commitment to corporate governance practices that are consistent with the best interests of our stockholders.

The foregoing description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Amended and Restated Bylaws, as adopted on February 8, 2023, which are attached hereto as Exhibit 3.1 and incorporated herein by reference.

**Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.**

**(d) Exhibits**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit** | **Exhibit** | **Description** |
|  | 3.1 | [Amended and Restated Bylaws of Black Knight, Inc.](bki-20230208xex3d1.htm) |

---

#### SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | **Black Knight, Inc.** | **Black Knight, Inc.** | **Black Knight, Inc.** |
| Date:  | February 14, 2023 | By:  | /s/ Michael L. Gravelle | /s/ Michael L. Gravelle |
|  |  |  | Name:  | Michael L. Gravelle |
|  |  |  | Title: | Executive Vice President and General Counsel |

---

## Exhibit 3.1

**Exhibit 3.1**

**AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF**

**BLACK KNIGHT, INC.**

**AS ADOPTED ON FEBRUARY 8, 2023**

**ARTICLE I**

<u>OFFICES</u>

Section 1.1 <u>Registered Office</u>. The registered office of Black Knight, Inc. (the "Corporation") shall be 1209 Orange Street, City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware, 19801 and the name of its registered agent is "The Corporation Trust Company".

Section 1.2 <u>Other Offices</u>. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the "Board of Directors") may from time to time determine.

**ARTICLE II**

<u>MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS</u>

Section 2.1 <u>Place of Meetings</u>. Meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors or for any other purpose shall be held at such time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.

Section 2.2 <u>Annual Meetings</u>. (a) The annual meeting of stockholders (the "Annual Meeting") shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which meetings the stockholders, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended and restated from time to time (the "Certificate of Incorporation"), shall elect a Board of Directors, and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. Written notice of the Annual Meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten days nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) No business may be transacted at an Annual Meeting, other than business that is either (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (ii) otherwise properly brought before the Annual Meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the Annual Meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (A) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.2 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such Annual Meeting and (B) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.2.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before an Annual Meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive

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offices of the Corporation not less than one-hundred and twenty days prior to the anniversary date of the date of the proxy statement for the immediately preceding Annual Meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the Annual Meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty days before or after the anniversary date of the immediately preceding Annual Meeting, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the Annual Meeting was first made. To be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice to the Secretary must set forth as to each matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the Annual Meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the Annual Meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the Annual Meeting, (ii) the name and record address of such stockholder, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder, (iv) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and any material interest of such stockholder in such business and (v) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the Annual Meeting to bring such business before the meeting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) No business shall be conducted at the Annual Meeting except business brought before the Annual Meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.2, provided, however, that, once business has been properly brought before the Annual Meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 2.2 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the Chairman of an Annual Meeting, who may be the Chairman of the Board of Directors or such other director or officer designated by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the Board of Directors, determines that business was not properly brought before the Annual Meeting in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the Chairman shall declare to the meeting that the business was not properly brought before the meeting and such business shall not be discussed or transacted.

Section 2.3 <u>Special Meetings</u>. Unless otherwise prescribed by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, Special Meetings of Stockholders ("Special Meetings"), for any purpose or purposes, may be called by the majority vote of the Board of Directors or by the Chief Executive Officer. Special Meetings may not be called by any other person or persons, except as required by law or provided by resolutions by the Board of Directors designating the rights, powers and preferences of any shares of one or more series of Preferred Stock of the Corporation, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Preferred Stock"). Written notice of a Special Meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called shall be given not less than ten days nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting.

Section 2.4 <u>Quorum</u>. Except as otherwise required by law, these Amended and Restated Bylaws (these "Bylaws") or by the Certificate of Incorporation, holders of a majority of the capital stock issued and entitled to vote thereat present in person or represented by proxy shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business. Where a separate vote by one or more classes or series of the capital stock is required, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of record of a majority in voting power of the shares entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to that vote on that matter. If, however, such quorum

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shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting.

Section 2.5 <u>Voting</u>. Unless otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any question brought before any meeting of stockholders shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock represented and entitled to vote thereat. Such votes may be cast in person or by proxy but no proxy shall be voted on or after three years from its date, unless such proxy provides for a longer period. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the Corporation presiding at a meeting of stockholders, in his discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by written ballot.

Section 2.6 <u>Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting</u>. Actions required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting upon the written consent of the stockholders, but only if such action is taken in accordance with the provisions of Article IX of the Certificate of Incorporation.

Section 2.7 <u>List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote</u>. The officer of the Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder of the Corporation who is present.

Section 2.8 <u>Stock Ledger</u>. The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by Section 2.7 hereof or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.

**ARTICLE III**

<u>DIRECTORS</u>

Section 3.1 <u>Number and Election of Directors</u>. (a) Subject to the rights, if any, of holders of Preferred Stock to elect directors of the Corporation, the Board of Directors shall consist of not less than one nor more than fourteen members with the exact number of directors to be determined from time to time exclusively by resolution duly adopted by the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, each director shall be elected and hold

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office until the Annual Meeting for the year in which his term expires and until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal. Each director shall be elected by a majority of the votes cast with respect to the director at any meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, provided that, if as of the date of that is ten days in advance of the date the Corporation files its definitive proxy statement (regardless of whether or not thereafter revised or supplemented) with the Securities and Exchange Commission the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected in such election (a "contested election"), the directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast. For purposes of this Section 3.1, a "majority of the votes cast" means that the number of votes cast "for" a director must exceed the number of votes cast "against" that director (with "abstentions" and "broker non-votes" not counted as a vote either "for" or "against" that director's election). If directors are to be elected by a plurality of the votes cast in a contested election, stockholders shall not be permitted to vote against a nominee. In an uncontested election of directors, any incumbent director who does not receive a majority of the votes cast will promptly tender his resignation to the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors will decide, after considering the recommendation of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, whether to accept or reject the tendered resignation, or whether other action should be taken. The nominee in question will not participate in the recommendation or decision making process. The explanation by the Board of Directors of its decision will be publicly disclosed within ninety days from the date of publication of the election results. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board of Directors may consider any factor deemed appropriate in making this determination. If a director's resignation is accepted by the Board of Directors pursuant to this Bylaw, or if a nominee for director is not elected and the nominee is not an incumbent director, then the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may fill any resulting vacancy pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.2. Any director may resign at any time effective upon giving written notice to the Corporation, unless the notice specifies a later time for the effectiveness of such resignation. Directors need not be stockholders.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation, except as may be otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation with respect to the right of holders of Preferred Stock to nominate and elect a specified number of directors in certain circumstances. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at any Annual Meeting or at any Special Meeting called by a majority vote of the Board of Directors or by the Chief Executive Officer for the purpose of electing directors (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation (A) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 3.1 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such Annual or Special Meeting and (B) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 3.1 (other than with respect to nominations made in accordance with Section 3.1(e)), or (iii) at any Annual Meeting, by an Eligible Stockholder (as defined in Section 3.1(e) of these Bylaws) that meets the requirements of Section 3.1(e) of these Bylaws.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder pursuant to this Section 3.1, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, such stockholder's notice

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to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (A) in the case of an Annual Meeting, not less than one-hundred and twenty days prior to the anniversary date of the date of the proxy statement for the immediately preceding Annual Meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the Annual Meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty days before or after the anniversary date of the immediately preceding Annual Meeting, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the Annual Meeting was first made; and (B) in the case of a Special Meeting called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the Special Meeting was first made.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) For a nomination made pursuant to Section 3.1(b)(ii), to be in proper written form, a stockholder's notice of nomination submitted to the Secretary of the Corporation must set forth (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (A) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (B) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (C) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by the person, (D) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among the stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made and their respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and each such nominee, and his or her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K if the stockholder making the nomination and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the "registrant" for purposes of such Item and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant and (E) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (including each such nominee's written consent to be named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected); (ii) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (A) the name and record address of such stockholder and the name and address of such beneficial owner, (B) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (C) a description of all agreements, arrangements or understandings between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder, (D) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the stockholder's notice by, or on behalf of, such stockholder and such beneficial owner, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial owner with respect to shares of stock of the Corporation, (E) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at

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the Annual Meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice and is a holder of record of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting, and (F) any other information relating to such stockholder and such beneficial owner that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and (iii) a representation as to whether either such stockholder or such beneficial owner, alone or as part of a group, intends (A) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation's outstanding capital stock required to elect the nominee and/or (B) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such nominee. The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as it may reasonably require to determine the eligibility and qualifications of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder's understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) Subject to the requirements of this Section 3.1(e), the Corporation shall include in its proxy statement and on its proxy card for any Annual Meeting the name of any Proxy Access Nominee for election to the board of directors who is properly submitted pursuant to this Section 3.1(e) (each a "Proxy Access Nominee") provided that (i) timely written notice of such Proxy Access Nominee satisfying this Section 3.1(e) ("Proxy Access Nomination Notice") is delivered to the Corporation by or on behalf of a stockholder or group of stockholders that, at the time the Proxy Access Nomination Notice is delivered, satisfy the ownership and other requirements of this Section 3.1(e) (such stockholder or stockholders, and any person on whose behalf they are acting, the "Eligible Stockholder"), (ii) the Eligible Stockholder expressly elects in writing at the time of providing the Proxy Access Nomination Notice to have its nominee included in the Corporation's proxy statement pursuant to this Section 3.1(e), and (iii) the Eligible Stockholder and the Proxy Access Nominee otherwise satisfy the requirements of this Section 3.1(e) and the director qualification requirements set forth in the Corporation's Corporate Governance Guidelines or other document(s) setting forth qualifications for directors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)To be timely, an Eligible Stockholder's Proxy Access Nomination Notice must meet the advance notice requirements set forth in Section 3.1(c) of these Bylaws.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) In addition to including the name of the Proxy Access Nominee in the Corporation's proxy statement for the Annual Meeting, the Corporation also shall include (A) the information concerning the Proxy Access Nominee and the Eligible Stockholder that is required to be disclosed in the Corporation's proxy statement pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and (B) a Statement (defined below) (collectively, the "Required Information"). To be timely, the Required Information must be delivered to the Secretary of the Corporation within the time period specified in Section 3.1(c) of these Bylaws. Nothing in this Section 3.1(e) shall limit the Corporation's ability to solicit against and include in its proxy statement its own statements relating to any Proxy Access Nominee.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) The number of Proxy Access Nominees (including Proxy Access Nominees that were submitted by an Eligible Stockholder for inclusion in the Corporation's proxy statement pursuant to this Section 3.1(e) but either are subsequently withdrawn or that the Board of Directors decides to nominate appearing in the Corporation's proxy statement

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with respect to a meeting of stockholders and Proxy Access Nominees who were previously elected based upon a nomination pursuant to this Section 3.1(e) at any of the preceding two annual meetings and whose reelection at the upcoming annual meeting is being recommended by the Board of the Directors) shall not exceed the greater of two or twenty percent of the number of directors in office as of the last day on which notice of a nomination may be delivered pursuant to this Section 3.1(e) (the "Final Proxy Access Nomination Date") or, if such amount is not a whole number, the closest whole number below twenty percent (the "Permitted Number"); provided, however, that in the event that one or more vacancies for any reason occurs on the Board of Directors at any time after the Final Proxy Access Nomination Date and before the date of the Annual Meeting and the Board of Directors resolves to reduce the size of the Board of Directors in connection therewith, the Permitted Number shall be calculated based on the number of directors in office as so reduced. In the event that the number of Proxy Access Nominees submitted by Eligible Stockholders pursuant to this Section 3.1(e) exceeds the Permitted Number, each Eligible Stockholder shall select one Proxy Access Nominee for inclusion in the Corporation's proxy statement until the Permitted Number is reached, going in order of the amount (greatest to least) of voting power of the Corporation's capital stock entitled to vote on the election of directors as disclosed in the Notice. If the Permitted Number is not reached after each Eligible Stockholder has selected one Proxy Access Nominee, this selection process shall continue as many times as necessary, following the same order each time, until the Permitted Number is reached.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv)An Eligible Stockholder must have owned (as defined below) continuously for at least three years a number of shares that represents three percent or more of the total voting power of the Corporation's outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors (the "Required Shares") as of both the date the Notice is delivered to or received by the Corporation in accordance with this Section 3.1(e) and the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting and must continue to own the Required Shares through the meeting date. For purposes of satisfying the ownership requirement under this Section 3.1(e), the voting power represented by the shares of the Corporation's capital stock owned by one or more stockholders, or by the person or persons who own shares of the Corporation's capital stock and on whose behalf any stockholder is acting, may be aggregated, provided that the number of stockholders and other persons whose ownership of shares is aggregated for such purpose shall not exceed twenty, and a group of two or more funds that are (A) under common management and investment control, (B) under common management and funded primarily by the same employer (or by a group of related employers that are under common control), or (C) a "group of investment companies," as such term is defined in Section 12(d)(1)(G)(ii) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, shall be treated as one stockholder or person for this purpose. With respect to any Annual Meeting, no person may be a member of more than one group of persons constituting an Eligible Stockholder under this Section 3.1(e).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v)For purposes of this Section 3.1(e), an Eligible Stockholder shall be deemed to "own" only those outstanding shares of the Corporation's capital stock as to which the

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person possesses both (A) the full voting and investment rights pertaining to the shares and (B) the full economic interest in (including the opportunity for profit and risk of loss on) such shares; provided that the number of shares calculated in accordance with clauses (A) and (B) shall not include any shares (1) sold by such person or any of its affiliates in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, (2) borrowed by such person or any of its affiliates for any purposes or purchased by such person or any of its affiliates pursuant to an agreement to resell, or (3) subject to any option, warrant, forward contract, swap, contract of sale, other derivative or similar agreement entered into by such person or any of its affiliates, whether any such instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount or value of outstanding shares of the Corporation's capital stock, in any such case which instrument or agreement has, or is intended to have, the purpose or effect of (1) reducing in any manner, to any extent or at any time in the future, such person's or affiliates' full right to vote or direct the voting of any such shares and/or (2) hedging, offsetting or altering to any degree gain or loss arising from the full economic ownership of such shares by such person or affiliate. A person shall "own" shares held in the name of a nominee or other intermediary so long as the person retains the right to instruct how the shares are voted with respect to the election of directors and possesses the full economic interest in the shares. A person's ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any period in which (A) the person has loaned such shares, provided that the person has the power to recall such loaned shares on five business days' notice and provides a representation that it will promptly recall such loaned shares upon being notified that any of its Proxy Access Nominees will be included in the Corporation's proxy statement, or (B) the person has delegated any voting power by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement that is revocable at any time by the person. The terms "owned," "owning," and other variations of the word "own" shall have correlative meanings. For purposes of this Section 3.1(e), the term "affiliate" shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in the regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vi)Within the time period specified in Section 3.1(e)(i), an Eligible Stockholder must provide with its Proxy Access Nomination Notice the following information in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation: (A) one or more written statements from the record holder of the shares (and from each intermediary through which the shares are or have been held during the requisite three-year holding period) verifying that, as of a date within seven calendar days prior to the date the Proxy Access Nomination Notice is delivered to or received by the Corporation, the Eligible Stockholder owns, and has owned continuously for the preceding three years, the Required Shares, and the Eligible Stockholder's agreement to provide (1) within five business days after the record date for the meeting, written statements from the record holder and intermediaries verifying the Eligible Stockholder's continuous ownership of the Required Shares through the record date and (2) immediate notice if the Eligible Stockholder ceases to own any of the Required Shares prior to the date of the Annual Meeting; (B) documentation satisfactory to the Corporation demonstrating that a group of funds are entitled to be treated as one stockholder or person for purposes of this Section 3.1(e); (C) a representation that the Eligible Stockholder (including each member of any group of stockholders that together is an Eligible Stockholder hereunder): (1) intends to continue to own the Required Shares

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through the date of the Annual Meeting, (2) acquired the Required Shares in the ordinary course of business and not with the intent to change or influence control of the Corporation, and does not presently have such intent, (3) has not nominated and will not nominate for election to the Board of Directors at the meeting any person other than the Proxy Access Nominee(s) being nominated pursuant to this Section 3.1(e), (4) has not engaged and will not engage in, and has not and will not be, a "participant" in another person's "solicitation" within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a director at the Annual Meeting other than its Proxy Access Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board of Directors, (5) will not distribute to any stockholder any form of proxy for the Annual Meeting other than the form distributed by the Corporation, and (6) has provided and will provide facts, statements and other information in all communications with the Corporation and its stockholders that are or will be true and correct in all material respects and do not and will not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; (D) the written consent of each Proxy Access Nominee to be named in the Corporation's proxy statement as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected; (E) a copy of the Schedule 14N that has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") as required by Rule 14a-18 under the Exchange Act; (F) the information and representations that would be required to be set forth in shareholder's notice of a nomination pursuant to Section 3.1(d) of these Bylaws; (G) in the case of a nomination by a group of stockholders that together is an Eligible Stockholder, the designation by all group members of one group member that is authorized to act on behalf of all members of the nominating stockholder group with respect to the nomination and matters related thereto, including withdrawal of the nomination; and (H) an undertaking that the Eligible Stockholder agrees to: (1) assume all liability stemming from any legal or regulatory violation arising out of the Eligible Stockholder's communications with the Corporation's stockholders or out of the information that the Eligible Stockholder provides to the Corporation, (2) indemnify and hold harmless the Corporation and each of its directors, or its officers and employees individually against any liability, loss or damages in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding, whether legal, administrative or investigative, against the Corporation or any of its directors, or its officers or employees arising out of any nomination submitted by the Eligible Stockholder pursuant to this Section 3.1(e), (3) file with the SEC any solicitation or other communication with the Corporation's stockholders relating to the meeting at which the Proxy Access Nominee will be nominated, regardless of whether any such filing is required under Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or whether any exemption from filing is available for such solicitation or other communication under Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and (4) comply with all other applicable laws, rules, regulations and listing standards with respect to any solicitation in connection with the meeting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vii)The Eligible Stockholder may with its Proxy Access Nomination Notice, provide to the Secretary of the Corporation, a written statement for inclusion in the Corporation's proxy statement for the Annual Meeting, not to exceed 500 words per Proxy

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Access Nominee, in support of each Proxy Access Nominee it names in its Notice (the "Statement"). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 3.1, the Corporation may omit from its proxy statement any information or Statement that it believes would violate any applicable law, rule, regulation, or listing standard.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(viii)Within the time period specified in Section 3.1(e)(i), a Proxy Access Nominee must deliver to the Secretary of the Corporation a written representation and agreement that the Proxy Access Nominee: (A) has read and agrees to adhere to the Corporation's code of conduct, corporate governance guidelines, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and securities trading policies, and any other policies and guidelines applicable to directors, as well as any applicable law, rule or regulation or listing requirement, (B) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question that has not been disclosed to the Corporation (a "Voting Commitment"), (C) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification (a "Compensation Arrangement") in connection with such person's nomination for director and/or service as a director, in each case that has not been disclosed to the Corporation. At the request of the Corporation, the Proxy Access Nominee must (A) complete, sign and submit all questionnaires required of the Board of Directors within five business days of receipt of each such questionnaire from the Corporation; and (B) provide within five business days of the Corporation's request such additional information as the Corporation determines may be necessary to permit the Board of Directors to determine whether such Proxy Access Nominee meets the requirements of this Section 3.1(e) and/or the Corporation's requirements with regard to qualifications and policies and guidelines applicable to members of the Board of Directors, including whether: (1) such Proxy Access Nominee is independent under the listing standards of each principal U.S. exchange upon which the capital stock of the Corporation is listed, any applicable rules of the SEC, and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and disclosing the independence of members of the Board of Directors (the "Independence Standards"), (2) such Proxy Access Nominee has any direct or indirect relationship with the Corporation, and (3) such Proxy Access Nominee is not and has not been subject to (x) any event specified in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") or (y) any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation D under the Securities Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ix)In the event that any information or communications provided by the Eligible Stockholder or Proxy Access Nominee to the Corporation or its stockholders ceases to be true and correct in any respect or omits a fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, each Eligible Stockholder or Proxy Access Nominee, as the case may be, shall promptly notify the Secretary of the Corporation of any such inaccuracy or omission in such previously

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provided information and of the information that is required to make such information or communication true and correct.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(x)The Corporation shall not be required to include pursuant to this Section 3.1(e), any Proxy Access Nominee in its proxy statement (or, if the proxy statement has already been filed, to allow the nomination of a Proxy Access Nominee, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation) if (A) the Eligible Stockholder who has nominated such Proxy Access Nominee has nominated for election to the Board of Directors at the Annual Meeting any other person pursuant to Section 3.1(b)(ii), (B) the Eligible Stockholder has or is engaged in, or has been or is a "participant" in another person's, "solicitation" within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a director at the Annual Meeting other than its Proxy Access Nominee(s) or any other nominee, (C) the Proxy Access Nominee is determined by the Board of Directors not to be independent under the Independence Standards, (D) the Proxy Access Nominee's election as a director would cause the Corporation to be in violation of these Bylaws, the Corporation's certificate of incorporation, the Corporation's Corporate Governance Guidelines or any other document setting forth qualifications for members of the Board of Directors, the listing standards of the principal exchange upon which the Corporation's capital stock is traded, or any applicable state or federal law, rule or regulation, (E) the Proxy Access Nominee is or becomes a party to any undisclosed Voting Commitment or Compensation Arrangement, (F) the Proxy Access Nominee is or has been, within the past three years, an officer or director of a competitor, as defined in Section 8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, (G) the Proxy Access Nominee's then-current or within the preceding ten years' business or personal interests place such Proxy Access Nominee in a conflict of interest with the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries that would cause such Proxy Access Nominee to violate any fiduciary duties of directors established pursuant to the laws of the State of Delaware, including but not limited to the duty of loyalty and duty of care, (H) the Proxy Access Nominee is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses) or has been convicted in such a criminal proceeding within the past ten years, (I) the Proxy Access Nominee is subject to any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation D under the Securities Act, or (J) the Proxy Access Nominee or the applicable Eligible Stockholder shall have provided information to the Corporation in respect of such nomination that was untrue in any material respect or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading or shall have breached its or their agreements, representations, undertakings, and/or obligations pursuant to this Section 3.1(e).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(xi)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, if (A) the Proxy Access Nominee and/or the applicable Eligible Stockholder shall have breached its or their agreements, representations, undertakings and/or obligations pursuant to this Section 3.1(e), as determined by the Board of Directors or the person presiding at the meeting, or (B) the Eligible Stockholder (or a qualified representative thereof) does not appear at the meeting to present any nomination pursuant to this Section 3.1(e), (x) the Board of

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Directors or the person presiding at the meeting shall be entitled to declare a nomination by an Eligible Stockholder to be invalid, and such nomination shall be disregarded notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation and (y) the Corporation shall not be required to include in its proxy statement any successor or replacement nominee proposed by the applicable Eligible Stockholder or any other Eligible Stockholder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(xii)Any Proxy Access Nominee who is included in the Corporation's proxy statement for a particular Annual Meeting but withdraws from or becomes ineligible or unavailable for election at the annual meeting shall be ineligible to be included in the Corporation's proxy statement as a Proxy Access Nominee pursuant to this Section 3.1(e) for the next two Annual Meetings.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(xiii) The Board of Directors (and any other person or body authorized by the Board of Directors) shall have the power and authority to interpret this Section 3.1(e) and to make any and all determinations necessary or advisable to apply this Section 3.1(e) to any persons, facts or circumstances, including the power to determine (A) whether a person or group of persons qualifies as an Eligible Stockholder, (B) whether outstanding shares of the Corporation's capital stock are "owned" for purposes of meeting the ownership requirements of this Section 3.1(e), (C) whether a notice complies with the requirements of this Section 3.1(e), (D) whether a person satisfies the qualifications and requirements to be a Proxy Access Nominee, (E) whether inclusion of the Required Information in the Corporation's proxy statement is consistent with all applicable laws, rules, regulations and listing standards, and (F) whether any and all requirements of this Section 3.1(e) have been satisfied. Any such interpretation or determination adopted in good faith by the Board of Directors (or any other person or body authorized by the Board of Directors) shall be conclusive and binding on all persons, including the Corporation and all record or beneficial owners of stock of the Corporation.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 3.1. If the Chairman of the meeting determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the Chairman shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective and such defective nomination shall be disregarded. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.1, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be authorized by a written instrument executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as a proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such written instrument or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the written instrument or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g)Subject to Section 3.1(e) of these by-laws and except as otherwise required by law, nothing in this Section 3.1 shall be construed to permit any stockholder of the Corporation to include in any proxy statement or other stockholder communication distributed on behalf of the Corporation or the Board of Directors information with respect to any nominee for director submitted by a stockholder.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) For purposes of Section 3.1 of these by-laws, "public disclosure" shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the SEC pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Section 3.2 <u>Chairman of the Board of Directors</u>. The Board of Directors may appoint from its members a Chairman of the Board of Directors, who need not be an employee or officer of the Corporation. The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there is one, or such other director or officer designated by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the Board of Directors, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors and may adopt rules and regulations for the conduct of such meetings. Except where by law the signature of the Chief Executive Officer or the President is required, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall possess the same power as the Chief Executive Officer or the President to sign all contracts, certificates and other instruments of the Corporation which may be authorized by the Board of Directors. During the absence or disability of the Chief Executive Officer or the President, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties of the Chief Executive Officer or the President. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these Bylaws or by the Board of Directors.

Section 3.3 <u>Vacancies</u>. Subject to the terms of any one or more series or classes of Preferred Stock, any vacancy on the Board of Directors, however created, may be filled only by a majority of the directors then in office, though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Any additional director of any class elected to fill a vacancy in such class, whether resulting from an increase in such class or to fill a vacancy, shall hold office for a term expiring at the next annual meeting of stockholders, but in no case will a decrease in the number of directors shorten the term of any incumbent director.

Section 3.4 <u>Duties and Powers</u>. The business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors which may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

Section 3.5 <u>Meetings</u>. The Board of Directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as may from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there is one, the President, or any directors. Notice thereof stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each director either by mail not less than forty-eight hours before the date of the meeting, by telephone or facsimile on twenty-four hours' notice, or on such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or appropriate in the circumstances.

Section 3.6 <u>Quorum</u>. Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, at all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority

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of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

Section 3.7 <u>Actions of Board</u>. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all the members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.

Section 3.8 <u>Meetings by Means of Conference Telephone</u>. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 3.8 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

Section 3.9 <u>Committees</u>. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of any such committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, and in the absence of a designation by the Board of Directors of an alternate member to replace the absent or disqualified member, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any absent or disqualified member. In the event any person shall cease to be a director of the Corporation, such person shall simultaneously therewith cease to be a member of any committee appointed by the Board of Directors. Any committee, to the extent allowed by law and provided in the resolution establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, subject to the limitations set forth in applicable Delaware law. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and report to the Board of Directors when required.

Section 3.10 <u>Audit Committee</u>. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, may designate three or more directors to constitute an Audit Committee, to serve as such until the next Annual Meeting of the Board of Directors or until their respective successors are designated. The audit committee will carry out its responsibilities as set forth in an audit committee charter to be adopted by the Board of Directors.

Section 3.11 <u>Compensation</u>. At the discretion of the Board of Directors, the directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be

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paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. At the discretion of the Board of Directors, members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

Section 3.12 <u>Interested Directors</u>. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose if: (a) the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (b) the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (c) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.

Section 3.13 <u>Entire Board of Directors</u>. As used in these Bylaws generally, the term "entire Board of Directors" means the total number of directors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies.

**ARTICLE IV**

<u>OFFICERS</u>

Section 4.1 <u>General</u>. The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall include a Chief Executive Officer, a President and a Secretary. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may also appoint a Chief Financial Officer, Assistant Chief Financial Officers, Chief Accounting Officer, Treasurer, Assistant Treasurers and one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, and other officers, who shall have such authority and perform such duties as may be prescribed in such appointment. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. The officers of the Corporation need not be stockholders of the Corporation nor need such officers be directors of the Corporation.

Section 4.2 <u>Election</u>. The Board of Directors at its first meeting held after each Annual Meeting of Stockholders shall elect the officers of the Corporation who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; and all officers of the Corporation shall hold office until

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their successors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. Any officer elected by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The salaries of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.

Section 4.3 <u>Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation</u>. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President and any such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and power incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.

Section 4.4 <u>Duties of Officers</u>. The duties of the officers of the Corporation shall be as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Chief Executive Officer</u>. The Chief Executive Officer shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general executive charge, management and control of the properties, business and operations of the Corporation with all such powers as may be reasonably incident to such responsibilities; and the Chief Executive Officer may agree upon and execute all leases, contracts, evidences of indebtedness and other obligations in the name of the Corporation and may sign all certificates for shares of capital stock of the Corporation. The Chief Executive Officer shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these Bylaws or by the Board of Directors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>President</u>. The President shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, and, if there is one, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, have general supervision of the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. He shall execute all bonds, mortgages, contracts and other instruments of the Corporation requiring a seal, under the seal of the Corporation, except where required or permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except that the other officers of the Corporation may sign and execute documents when so authorized by these Bylaws, the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President. The President shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these Bylaws or by the Board of Directors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) <u>Secretary</u>. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholders and record all the proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the Secretary shall also perform like duties for the standing committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, under whose

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supervision he shall be. If the Secretary shall be unable or shall refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and if there is no Assistant Secretary, then either the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President may choose another officer to cause such notice to be given. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, if there is one, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or by the signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature. The Secretary shall see that all books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by law to be kept or filed are properly kept or filed, as the case may be.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Assistant Secretaries</u>. Except as may be otherwise provided in these Bylaws, Assistant Secretaries, if there are any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, if there is one, or the Secretary, and in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Secretary, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) <u>Chief Financial Officer</u>. The Chief Financial Officer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Chief Financial Officer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board, the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board or the President.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) <u>Assistant Chief Financial Officer</u>. The Assistant Chief Financial Officer, or if there is more than one, the Assistant Chief Financial Officers, in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there is no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Chief Financial Officer or in the event of the Chief Financial Officer's inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chief Financial Officer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Chief Financial Officer.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) <u>Chief Accounting Officer</u>. The Board of Directors may elect a Chief Accounting Officer who shall be responsible for all accounting and auditing functions of the Corporation and who shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be required of him by the Board of Directors.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) <u>Treasurer</u>. The Treasurer, if there is one, shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chief Executive Officer, the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) <u>Assistant Treasurers</u>. Assistant Treasurers, if there are any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, or the Treasurer, if there is one, and in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Treasurer. If required by the Board of Directors, an Assistant Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) <u>Vice Presidents</u>. At the request of the President or in his absence or in the event of his inability or refusal to act (and if there is no Chief Executive Officer or Chairman of the Board of Directors), the Vice President or the Vice Presidents if there is more than one (in the order designated by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe. If there is no Chief Executive Officer, no Chairman of the Board of Directors and no Vice President, the Board of Directors shall designate the officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of the President or in the event of the inability or refusal of the President to act, shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) <u>Other Officers</u>. Such other officers as the Board of Directors may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate to the Chief Executive Officer or the President of the Corporation the power to choose such other officers, including any Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers, Assistant Chief Financial Officers or Vice Presidents, and to prescribe their respective duties and powers.

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**ARTICLE V**

<u>CAPITAL STOCK</u>

Section 5.1 <u>Form of Certificates</u>. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate or certificates duly numbered, certifying the number and class of shares in the Corporation owned by him, in such form as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. Each such certificate shall be signed in the name of the Corporation by the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman of the Board, the President or a Vice President, and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer.

Section 5.2 <u>Signatures</u>. Where a certificate is countersigned by (a) a transfer agent other than the Corporation or its employee, or (b) a registrar other than the Corporation or its employee, any other signature on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

Section 5.3 <u>Lost Certificates</u>. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

Section 5.4 <u>Transfers</u>. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these Bylaws. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in the certificate or by his attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, which shall be canceled before a new certificate shall be issued.

Section 5.5 <u>Record Date</u>. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty days nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

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Section 5.6 <u>Beneficial Owners</u>. The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law.

**ARTICLE VI**

<u>NOTICES</u>

Section 6.1 <u>Notices</u>. Whenever written notice is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws to be given to any director, member of a committee or stockholder, such notice may be given by mail, addressed to such director, member of a committee or stockholder, at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Written notice may also be given personally, transmitted via facsimile or by means of electronic transmission. For purposes of these Bylaws, "electronic transmission" means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may directly be reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.

Section 6.2 <u>Waivers of Notice</u>. Whenever any notice is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws to be given to any director, member of a committee or stockholder, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. The attendance of any person at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when such person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

**ARTICLE VII**

<u>GENERAL PROVISIONS</u>

Section 7.1 <u>Dividends</u>. Dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, and may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in its absolute discretion, deems proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for any proper purpose, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.

Section 7.2 <u>Disbursements</u>. All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.

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Section 7.3 <u>Fiscal Year</u>. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 7.4 <u>Corporate Seal</u>. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words "Corporate Seal, Delaware." The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

**ARTICLE VIII**

<u>INDEMNIFICATION</u>

Section 8.1 <u>Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings Other Than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation</u>. Subject to Section 8.3 hereof, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

Section 8.2 <u>Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation</u>. Subject to Section 8.3 hereof, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

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Section 8.3 <u>Authorization of Indemnification</u>. Any indemnification under this Article VIII (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 8.1 or Section 8.2 hereof, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made (a) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (b) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (c) by the stockholders. To the extent, however, that a director or officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding described above or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the specific case.

Section 8.4 <u>Good Faith Defined</u>. For purposes of any determination under Section 8.1 or 8.2 hereof, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, if his action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or another enterprise, or on information supplied to him by the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another enterprise. The term "another enterprise" as used in this Section 8.4 shall mean any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent. The provisions of this Section 8.4 shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 8.1 or 8.2 hereof, as the case may be.

Section 8.5 <u>Indemnification by a Court</u>. Notwithstanding any contrary determination made in any specific case under Section 8.3 hereof, and notwithstanding the absence of any determination made thereunder, any director or officer may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware for indemnification to the extent otherwise permissible under Sections 8.l and 8.2 hereof. The basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such court that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standards of conduct set forth in Section 8.1 or 8.2 hereof. Neither a contrary determination in the specific case under Section 8.3 hereof nor the absence of any determination thereunder shall be a defense to such application or create a presumption that the director or officer seeking indemnification has not met any applicable standard of conduct. Notice of any application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 8.5 shall be given to the Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application. If successful, in whole or in part, the director or officer seeking indemnification shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such application.

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Section 8.6 <u>Expenses Payable in Advance</u>. Expenses incurred by a director or officer in defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article VIII.

Section 8.7 <u>Nonexclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses</u>. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any Bylaw, agreement, contract, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of the Corporation that indemnification of the persons specified in Sections 8.1 and 8.2 hereof shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law. The provisions of this Article VIII shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in Section 8.1 or 8.2 but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL") or otherwise.

Section 8.8 <u>Insurance</u>. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Article VIII.

Section 8.9 <u>Certain Definitions</u>. For purposes of this Article VIII, references to "the Corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors or officers, so that any person who is or was a director or officer of such constituent corporation, or is or was a director or officer of such constituent corporation serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VIII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. For purposes of this Article VIII, references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the Corporation" shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation" as referred to in this Article VIII.

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Section 8.10 <u>Survival of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses</u>. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VIII shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

Section 8.11 <u>Limitation on Indemnification</u>. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article VIII to the contrary, except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification (which shall be governed by Section 8.5 hereof), the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any director or officer in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or consented to by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

Section 8.12 <u>Indemnification of Employees and Agents</u>. The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors, provide rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to employees and agents of the Corporation similar to those conferred in this Article VIII to directors and officers of the Corporation.

Section 8.13 <u>Secondary Indemnifications</u>. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other provisions of this Article 8 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those persons provided indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person's official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is acknowledged that certain persons may have certain rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses and/or insurance provided by the stockholders of the Corporation or one or more of the affiliates of such stockholders of the Corporation other than the Corporation and its subsidiaries (any of such entities, together with their affiliates (other than the Corporation and its subsidiaries), the "Stockholder Sponsors") as an employee of any of such entities (or their respective payroll companies) or pursuant to separate written agreements, which the Company and the Stockholder Sponsors intend to be secondary to the primary obligation of the Corporation to provide indemnification as provided herein. If any Stockholder Sponsor pays or causes to be paid, for any reason, any amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder or under any other indemnification agreement or arrangement (whether pursuant to contract, by-laws or charter) to a person indemnifiable hereunder, then (i) the applicable Stockholder Sponsor entity shall be fully subrogated to all of such person's rights with respect to such payment and (ii) the Company shall indemnify, reimburse and hold harmless the applicable Stockholder Sponsor entity for the payments actually made. The Stockholder Sponsors shall be third-party beneficiaries of this Article 8, having the rights to enforce this Article 8.

**ARTICLE IX**

<u>AMENDMENTS</u>

These Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, or new Bylaws may be adopted by the stockholders or by the Board of Directors, provided, however, that notice

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of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new Bylaws be contained in the notice of such meeting of stockholders or Board of Directors as the case may be. All such amendments must be approved by either the holders of outstanding capital stock or by a majority of the Board of Directors then in office, in each case, in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law.

**ARTICLE X**

<u>CONFLICTS</u>

If there is a conflict between the provisions of these Bylaws and the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or the mandatory provisions of the DGCL, such provision or provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and the DGCL, as the case may be, will be controlling.

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