# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001782952
**File Stem:** 0001999371-25-017802
**Filing Date:** 2025-11
**Character Count:** 562240
**Document Hash:** 9a5e6f3fb95207424eaca3594f430c95
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001999371-25-017802.hdr.sgml**: 20260416

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001999371-25-017802

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 485APOS

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 4

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251114

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260204

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Kurv ETF Trust
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001782952

**ORGANIZATION NAME:**
- **EIN:** 842316286
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1031

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 485APOS
- **SEC ACT:** 1940 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 811-23473
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251482427

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1209 ORANGE STREET
- **STREET 2:** THE CORPORATION TRUST COMPANY
- **CITY:** WILMINGTON
- **STATE:** DE
- **ZIP:** 19801
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 8605433942

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1 LETTERMAN DRIVE
- **STREET 2:** BUILDING C, SUITE 3-500
- **CITY:** SAN FRANCISCO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 94129

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Esoterica Thematic Trust
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20200220

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Esoterica Thematic ETF Trust
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20190719
**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Kurv ETF Trust
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001782952

**ORGANIZATION NAME:**
- **EIN:** 842316286
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1031

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 485APOS
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-233633
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251482426

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1209 ORANGE STREET
- **STREET 2:** THE CORPORATION TRUST COMPANY
- **CITY:** WILMINGTON
- **STATE:** DE
- **ZIP:** 19801
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 8605433942

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 1 LETTERMAN DRIVE
- **STREET 2:** BUILDING C, SUITE 3-500
- **CITY:** SAN FRANCISCO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 94129

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Esoterica Thematic Trust
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20200220

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Esoterica Thematic ETF Trust
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20190719

**As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 14, 2025**

**SECURITIES ACT FILE NO. 333-233633**<br> **Investment Company Act File No. 811-23473**

**UNITED STATES** 

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**<br> **Washington, D.C. 20549**

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**FORM N-1A**

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**REGISTRATION STATEMENT<br> UNDER**

**THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 ☒**

**Pre-Effective Amendment No. __ ☐**

**Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 ☒**

**AND/OR**

**THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 ☒**

**Amendment No. 38 ☒**

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**Kurv ETF Trust**<br> (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

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**1 Letterman Drive, Building C, Suite 3-500**

**San Francisco, CA 94129**

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

<br> Registrant's Telephone Number, including Area Code: **(914) 953-8811**

**Corporation Trust Center**<br> **1209 Orange Street**<br> **Wilmington, Delaware 19801**<br> (Name and address of agent for service)

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***Copy to:***<br>

**David J. Baum**

**Alston & Bird LLP**<br> **950 F St. NW**<br> **Washington, DC 20004**

(Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering:)

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

☐ Immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

☐ On [ ], 2024 pursuant to paragraph (b).

☐ 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

☐ On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☒ 75
days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

☐ On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.

If appropriate, check the following box:

☐ This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment

This Post-Effective Amendment relates solely to the following series of the Registrant: Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF. This Post-Effective Amendment does not supersede or amend disclosure in the Trust's prospectuses or statements of additional information relating to any other series of the Trust.

**SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED NOVEMBER 14, 2025**

**The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.**

![](kurv485apos111425001.jpg)

**PROSPECTUS**<br>**[ ], 2026**

**Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF (Ticker: [ ])**

**Principal U.S. Listing Exchange for the Fund: [ ]**

**The Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

**<u>**Table of Contents**</u>**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **<u>Page</u>** |
| [KURV BITCOIN ENHANCED INCOME ETF (TICKER: \[. \]) - SUMMARY](#kurv485aposa001) | 3 |
| [ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND'S INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND RISKS](#kurv485aposa002) | 21 |
| [PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND](#kurv485aposa003) | 22 |
| [FUND WEBSITE AND DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS](#kurv485aposa004) | 45 |
| [FUND MANAGEMENT](#kurv485aposa005) | 46 |
| [SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION](#kurv485aposa006) | 47 |
| [DISTRIBUTIONS](#kurv485aposa007) | 51 |
| [TAX INFORMATION](#kurv485aposa008) | 51 |
| [PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION](#kurv485aposa009) | 54 |
| [FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS](#kurv485aposa010) | 54 |
| [DISCLAIMERS](#kurv485aposa011) | 55 |
| [ADDITIONAL INFORMATION](#kurv485aposa012) | 55 |

---

**KURV BITCOIN ENHANCED INCOME ETF (TICKER: [ ]) - SUMMARY**

**Investment Objective**

The Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF (the "Fund") seeks to maximize total return.

**Fund Fees And Expenses**

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund ("Shares"). **Investors may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.**

**Annual Fund Operating Expenses**

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Management Fee | &nbsp;&nbsp;**0.99%** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other Expenses<sup>(1)</sup> | &nbsp;&nbsp;**0.00%** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses<sup>(2)</sup> | &nbsp;&nbsp;**[ ]%** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | &nbsp;&nbsp;**[ ]%** |

---

(1) Other
 Expenses are estimated for the Fund's initial fiscal year.

(2) Acquired
 Fund Fees and Expenses are estimated for the Fund's initial fiscal year.

**Example**

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in mutual funds and other exchange traded funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then sell all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. The figures shown would be the same whether or not you sold your Shares at the end of each period.

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;1 Year | &nbsp;&nbsp;3 Years |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**$[ ]** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**$[ ]** |

---

**Portfolio Turnover**

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. The Fund does not have any portfolio turnover because it has not yet commenced operations as of the date of this prospectus.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund seeks to exceed the price return of bitcoin by primarily investing under normal circumstances in derivative instruments on bitcoin and bitcoin-related exchange traded products ("ETPs"), including bitcoin-related exchange traded funds ("ETFs") and bitcoin-related exchange traded notes ("ETNs"), backed by a portfolio of Fixed Income Instruments of varying maturities, which may be represented by options and forwards, as well as Preferred Securities Instruments. The Fund may also invest in bitcoin-related ETFs directly and derivative instruments on bitcoin as well as derivative instrument on indices that includes bitcoin.

Bitcoin-related ETFs are those that invest primarily in bitcoin and/or over-the-counter or exchange-traded derivatives on bitcoin such as forward contracts, futures contracts, and options contracts or swap contracts. Bitcoin-related ETNs are those with interest and/or principal payments linked to the price of bitcoin. Derivatives are primarily used as substitutes for bitcoin because they are expected to produce returns that are substantially similar to those of bitcoin. Derivatives used by the Fund are expected to produce a significant portion of the Fund's returns. The Fund does not invest more than 25% of Fund assets in over-the-counter derivative contracts with any one counterparty. ETFs and ETNs may employ leverage, which magnifies the changes in the underlying bitcoin index or bitcoin price upon which they are based. Bitcoin-related ETPs generally are not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and, generally, are not actively managed.

"Fixed Income Instruments" include bonds, debt securities, and other similar instruments issued by various U.S. and non-U.S. public- or private-sector entities as well as ETPs on such instruments and options on such ETPs. "Preferred Securities Instruments" consist of preferred securities of U.S. companies and ETPs primarily investing in preferred securities. The Fund may invest in U.S. and non-U.S. Fixed Income Instruments of any maturity or duration.

The Fund normally uses option contracts on bitcoin-related ETPs, including FLEX options, to gain exposure to bitcoin. The value of option contracts on bitcoin-related ETPs as well as bitcoin-related ETPs should closely track changes in bitcoin prices.

The Fund may gain long exposure via purchasing shares of bitcoin-related ETPs or creating a synthetic long position. To achieve a synthetic long exposure, the Fund buys call options of a bitcoin-related ETP and, simultaneously, sells put options of the ETP with the same expiries and strike prices to try to replicate the price movements of the underlying ETP. The combination of the long call options and sold put options seek to provide the Fund with investment exposure to the bitcoin-related ETP for the duration of the application option exposure. The synthetic long position to an underlying bitcoin-related ETP when the Fund buys put and call options directly will not exceed 200% of net asset value.

Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in the securities of bitcoin-related ETPs or derivatives on bitcoin or bitcoin-related ETPs. The Fund will consider the investments of the underlying ETPs in which it invests when determining compliance with its 80% policy. Additionally, for the purposes of complying with its 80% investment policy, the Fund will use the notional value of the derivatives it holds.

The Fund may invest, without limitation, in derivative instruments, such as options, including FLEX options, forward and futures contracts, options on futures, or swap agreements, subject to applicable law and any other restrictions described in the Fund's prospectus or Statement of Additional Information.

As part of its strategy, the Fund may employ various option strategies to generate income and/or to preserve capital. Example of strategies are:

*Covered Call Writing* 

As part of its strategy, the Fund may write (sell) call option contracts on bitcoin-related ETPs to generate income. If the Fund gains long exposure synthetically, since the Fund does not directly own shares of the ETP, these written call options will be sold short (i.e., selling a position it does not currently own). Any amount of covered call writing above the physical and synthetic long positions will be considered uncovered. The Adviser may engage in uncovered calls rather than covered calls when it believes there might be a mispricing of volatility in the market.

It is important to note that the sale of an ETP's call option contracts will limit the Fund's participation in the appreciation in the ETP's price. If the price of the ETP increases, the above-referenced synthetic and/or holding the underlying ETP directly would allow the Fund to experience similar percentage gains. However, if the ETP's price appreciates beyond the strike price of one or more of the sold (short) call option contracts, the Fund will lose money on those short call positions, and the losses will, in turn, limit the upside return of the Fund's synthetic and long ETP exposure. As a result, the Fund's overall strategy (i.e., the combination of the synthetic and/or long exposure to the ETP and the sold (short) the ETP's call positions) will limit the Fund's participation in gains in the ETP's price beyond a certain point.

When the Fund engages in covered call writing with respect to an underlying ETP, it receives cash from the buyer of the call option who in exchange for that cash obtains the right to purchase the ETP on or before the expiration date at a predetermined price called the strike price. Writing covered call options is also considered long short. Generally, the notional principal amount of written covered call options will not exceed the principal amount of the synthetic or long position in the bitcoin or bitcoin-related ETP, however, the Fund may write call options for an amount in excess of the value of an ETP position in the Fund's portfolio.

*Uncovered Call and/or Put Writing*

The Fund may also write (i.e., sell) uncovered call options on securities or instruments in which it may invest but that are not currently held by the Fund. The principal reason for writing uncovered call options is to realize income without committing capital to the ownership of the underlying securities or instruments. When writing uncovered call options, the Fund must deposit and maintain sufficient margin with the broker-dealer through which it made the uncovered call option as collateral to ensure that the securities can be purchased for delivery if and when the option is exercised. During periods of declining securities prices or when prices are stable, writing uncovered calls can be a profitable strategy to increase the Fund's income with minimal capital risk. Uncovered calls are riskier than covered calls because there is no underlying security held by the Fund that can act as a partial hedge. Uncovered calls have speculative characteristics and the potential for loss is unlimited. When an uncovered call is exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying security to meet its call obligation. There is also a risk, especially with preferred and debt securities that lack sufficient liquidity, that the securities may not be available for purchase. If the purchase price exceeds the exercise price, the Fund will lose the difference.

The Fund also may write (i.e., sell) uncovered put options on securities or instruments in which it may invest but with respect to which the Fund does not currently have a corresponding short position or has not deposited as collateral cash equal to the exercise value of the put option with the broker-dealer through which it made the uncovered put option. The principal reason for writing uncovered put options is to receive premium income and to acquire such securities or instruments at a net cost below the current market value. The Fund has the obligation to buy the securities or instruments at an agreed upon price if the price of the securities or instruments decreases below the exercise price. If the price of the securities or instruments increases during the option period, the option will expire worthless and the Fund will retain the premium and will not have to purchase the securities or instruments at the exercise price.

*Call or Put Spreads*

The Fund may write (sell) call or put spreads instead of than stand-alone call option contracts to seek increased participation in the potential appreciation of an underlying security or instrument's share price, while still generating net premium income. In a call option spread, the Fund may sell (write) an out-of-the-money call option (above the current market price) while also purchasing another call option that is further out of the money. Similarly, in a put option spread, the Fund may sell (write) an out-of-the-money put option (below the current market price) while purchasing a further out-of-the-money put option.

*Risk Reversals or Protective Collars*

The Fund may write (sell) risk reversals rather than stand-alone call option contracts to seek to limit loss from of an underlying security or instrument's share price. The cost of this protection would be offset by the premiums earned from a written call option. In a risk reversal, the Fund may sell (write) an out-of-the-money call option (above the current market price) call option while simultaneously purchasing an out-of-the-money put option.

*Protective Puts*

The Fund may purchase out-of-the-money protective put options to seek to limit loss from its underlying ETP share price. The cost of protection may reduce the income generated in the portfolio.

*Call Purchases*

The Fund may purchase call options to seek to gain price appreciation from its underlying ETP share price. The cost of the purchase may reduce the income generated in the portfolio.

The Fund intends to utilize traditional exchange-traded options contracts and/or FLexible EXchange® Options ("FLEX Options"). Traditional exchange-traded options have standardized terms, such as the type (call or put), the reference asset, the strike price and expiration date. Exchange-listed options contracts are guaranteed for settlement by the Options Clearing Corporation ("OCC"). FLEX Options are a type of exchange-listed options contract with uniquely customizable terms that allow investors to customize key terms like type, strike price and expiration date that are standardized in a typical options contract. FLEX Options are also guaranteed for settlement by the OCC. Option contracts can either be "American" style or "European" style. The Fund generally utilizes European style option contracts, which may only be exercised by the holder of the option contract on the expiration date of such option contract and settled in cash.

As derivatives tracking bitcoin or bitcoin-related ETPs may be purchased with a fraction of the assets that would be needed to purchase the ETP securities directly for the equivalent amount of exposure, the remainder of the Fund's assets may be invested in Fixed Income and Preferred Securities Instruments. Kurv actively manages the Fixed Income and Preferred Securities Instruments held by the Fund with a view toward enhancing the Fund's total return.

The Fund primarily invests in U.S. dollar-denominated investment grade debt securities, rated Baa or higher by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"), or equivalently rated by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services ("S&P") or Fitch Ratings, Inc. ("Fitch"), or, if unrated, determined by Kurv to be of comparable quality. In the event that ratings services assign different ratings to the same security, Kurv will use the highest rating as the credit rating for that security. The Fund may invest, without limitation, in U.S. dollar-denominated securities and instruments of foreign issuers as well as in other G10 currencies on a hedged basis.

The Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis and may engage in short sales. Assets not invested in bitcoin-related ETPs, equity securities or derivatives, may be invested in Fixed Income Instruments and Preferred Securities Instruments. The Fund may also enter into reverse repurchase agreements. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in high yield securities, including high yield ETFs ("junk bonds") rated B or higher by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"), or equivalently rated by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services ("S&P") or Fitch, Inc. ("Fitch"), or, if unrated, determined by Kurv to be of comparable quality. In the event that ratings services assign different ratings to the same security, Kurv will use the highest rating as the credit rating for that security.

The Fund may invest, without limitation, in mortgage or asset-backed securities, including to-be-announced transactions. The Fund may purchase and sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis. The Fund may, without limitation, seek to obtain market exposure to the securities in which it primarily invests by entering into a series of purchase and sale contracts or by using other investment techniques (such as buy backs or dollar rolls).

With respect to the Fund's fixed income investments, the Fund may invest, without limitation, in securities denominated in foreign currencies and in U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers. Additionally, with respect to such investments, the Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities and instruments that are economically tied to emerging market countries (this limitation does not apply to investment grade sovereign debt denominated in the local currency with less than 1 year remaining to maturity, which means with respect to the Fund's fixed income investments, the Fund may invest in such instruments without limitation subject to any applicable legal or regulatory limitation). Emerging market countries include any country other than the countries comprising the MSCI World Index (currently, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States).

With respect to the Fund's fixed income investments, the Fund will normally limit its foreign currency exposure (from non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities or currencies) to 10% of its total assets. The Fund may also invest up to 15% of its total assets in Preferred Securities Instruments.

The Fund is non-diversified

*Wholly-Owned Subsidiary*

Certain investments of the Fund, such as direct investments in bitcoin-related ETPs will only be held through a wholly owned and controlled foreign subsidiary of the Fund (the "Subsidiary") organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands.

The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets (measured at the time of investment) in the Subsidiary, consistent with the limits of the U.S. federal tax law requirements applicable to registered investment companies. The Subsidiary will be advised by the Adviser. Unlike the Fund, the Subsidiary may directly invest without limitation in bitcoin-related ETPs; however, the Fund complies with the provisions of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended ("1940 Act"), governing investment policies, capital structure, and leverage on an aggregate basis with the Subsidiary. In addition, the Subsidiary complies with the provision of the 1940 Act relating to investment advisory contracts, affiliated transactions, and custody, and will have the same custodian as the Fund. The Fund does not intend to create or acquire primary control of any entity that primarily engages in investment activities in securities or other assets, except for the entity that is wholly-owned by the Fund.

See "Additional Information About the Fund" below for a more detailed description of the synthetic covered call strategy.

**Principal Risks Of Investing In The Fund**

The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share, trading price, yield, total return, and/or ability to meet its objective. For more information about the risks of investing in the Fund, see the section in the Prospectus titled "Additional Information About the Fund — Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund."

An investment in the Fund entails risk. The Fund may not achieve its investment objective and there is a risk that you could lose all of your money invested in the Fund. The Fund is not a complete investment program. It is important that investors closely review all of the risks listed below and understand them before making an investment in the Fund.

**Bitcoin-Related ETP Risk.** Bitcoin-related ETPs are exchange-traded investment products that seek to generally match the performance of the price of bitcoin, and trade intra-day on a national securities exchange. Many of the bitcoin-related ETPs in which the Fund invests may not be registered, nor required to be registered, as investment companies subject to the 1940 Act and, therefore, would not be subject to the regulatory scheme of the 1940 Act. Shares of bitcoin-related ETPs are not traded at net asset value, but may trade at prices above or below the value of their underlying portfolios. The level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of a bitcoin-related ETP is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of an exchange traded fund, and generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying bitcoin and cash that the bitcoin-related ETP holds. Bitcoin-related ETPs are subject to management fees and other fees that may increase their costs versus the costs of owning bitcoin directly. Bitcoin-related ETPs generally determine the price of bitcoin by reference to a benchmark rate or index, and therefore may not the global price of bitcoin, or the price of bitcoin on any one digital asset trading platform. In the event the price used by the bitcoin-related ETP deviates from the global price of bitcoin, the Fund's returns may be adversely affected.

**Bitcoin Investing Risk.** The Fund is exposed to the risks of investing in bitcoin through its investments in bitcoin-related ETPs and derivative instruments on bitcoin and bitcoin-related ETPs. Bitcoin is a relatively new and highly speculative investment. The risks associated with bitcoin are set forth below. In addition to these risks, the bitcoin-related ETPs are also subject to the following risks which the Fund is also subject, which are described further below in the "Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) Structure Risk" below.

**Bitcoin Risk.** Bitcoin is a relatively new innovation and the market for bitcoin is subject to rapid price swings, changes and uncertainty. The further development of the Bitcoin network and the acceptance and use of bitcoin are subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The value of bitcoin has been, and may continue to be, substantially dependent on speculation, such that trading and investing in these assets generally may not be based on fundamental analysis. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development of the Bitcoin network or the acceptance of bitcoin may adversely affect the price of bitcoin. Bitcoin is subject to the risk of fraud, theft, manipulation or security failures, operational or other problems that impact the digital asset trading venues on which bitcoin trades. The Bitcoin blockchain may contain flaws that can be exploited by hackers. A significant portion of bitcoin is held by a small number of holders sometimes referred to as "whales." Transactions of these holders may influence the price of bitcoin.

Unlike the exchanges for more traditional assets, such as equity securities and futures contracts, bitcoin and the digital asset trading venues on which it trades are largely unregulated and highly fragmented and digital asset trading venues may be operating out of compliance with regulations. As a result of the lack of regulation, individuals or groups may engage in fraud or market manipulation (including using social media to promote bitcoin in a way that artificially increases the price of bitcoin). Investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft, fraud and market manipulation than when investing in more traditional asset classes. Over the past several years, a number of digital asset trading venues have been closed due to fraud, failure or security breaches. Investors in bitcoin may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud or manipulation occur and could suffer significant losses. Legal or regulatory changes may negatively impact the operation of the Bitcoin network or restrict the use of bitcoin. The bitcoin-related ETPs may also be negatively impacted by regulatory enforcement actions against the digital asset trading venues upon which bitcoin trades. Such actions could significantly reduce the number of venues upon which bitcoin trades and could negatively impact the price of bitcoin. In addition, digital asset trading venues, bitcoin miners, and other participants may have significant exposure to other digital assets. Instability in the price, availability or legal or regulatory status of those instruments may adversely impact the operation of the digital asset trading venues and the Bitcoin network. The realization of any of these risks could result in a decline in the acceptance of bitcoin and consequently a reduction in the value of bitcoin and shares of the bitcoin-related ETPs.

The Bitcoin network is maintained and secured by a group of validators who "mine" bitcoin, which involves contributing computer power to the network to validate transactions, maintain security and finalize settlement. The Bitcoin blockchain relies on a consensus mechanism whereby miners agree on the accurate state of the database. If a malicious actor (or group of actors) were to gain control of more than 50% the mining (or "hash") power in the network, even temporarily, they would have the ability to block new transactions from being confirmed and could, over time, reverse or reorder prior transactions. Although it may be challenging for a malicious actor (or group of actors) to gain control of 50% of the mining (or "hash") power in the Bitcoin blockchain, such an attack would significantly impact the value of bitcoin.

A blockchain is a public database that is updated, shared and maintained across many computers in a network. The software that powers a blockchain is known as its protocol. Like all software, these protocols may update or change from time-to-time. In the case of the Bitcoin protocol, updates are made based on proposals submitted by developers, but only if a majority of the users and miners adopt the new proposals and update their individual copies of the protocol. Certain upgrade proposals to a blockchain may not be accepted by all the participants in an ecosystem. If one significant group adopts a proposed upgrade and another does not — or if groups adopt different upgrades — this can result in a "fork" of the blockchain, wherein two distinct sets of users and validators or users and miners run two different versions of a protocol. If the versions are sufficiently different such that the two versions of the protocol cannot simultaneously maintain and update a shared record of the blockchain database, it is called a "hard fork." A hard fork can result in the creation of two competing blockchains, each with its own native crypto assets. For instance, on August 1, 2017, two factions in the Bitcoin community could not agree on whether or not to adopt an upgrade to the Bitcoin protocol related to how to scale throughput on the blockchain. The disagreement created a fork, with the smaller group taking the name "Bitcoin Cash" and running its own blockchain and related native crypto asset. The larger group retained the name Bitcoin for its blockchain and held bitcoin as the native crypto asset. Additional forks of the Bitcoin blockchain are possible. A large-scale fork could introduce risk, uncertainty, or confusion into the Bitcoin blockchain, or could fraction the value of the main blockchain and its native crypto asset, which could significantly impact the value of bitcoin and shares of the bitcoin-related ETPs. Additionally, a hack of the Bitcoin blockchain or one or more projects that interact with or that are built on top of the Bitcoin blockchain could negatively impact the price of bitcoin, whether it leads to another hard fork or not, and thereby the value of the bitcoin-related ETPs.

The Bitcoin blockchain and its native crypto asset, bitcoin, face numerous challenges to gaining widespread adoption as an alternative payments system, including the slowness of transaction processing and finality, variability in transaction fees and volatility in bitcoin's price. It is not clear that the Bitcoin blockchain or bitcoin can overcome these and other impediments, which could harm the long-term adoption of the Bitcoin blockchain and bitcoin as an alternative payment system, and thereby negatively impact the price of bitcoin. In addition, alternative public blockchains have been developed and may in the future develop that compete with the Bitcoin blockchain and may have significant advantages as alternative payment systems, including higher throughput, lower fees, faster settlement and finalization, and the ability to facilitate untraceable and/or privacy-shielded transactions through the use of zero-knowledge cryptography or other means. It is possible that these alternative public blockchains and their native crypto assets may be more successful than the Bitcoin blockchain and bitcoin in gaining adoption as an alternative payments system, which could limit the long-term adoption of the Bitcoin blockchain and bitcoin, thereby negatively impact the price of bitcoin. Such alternative public blockchains, such as the Ethereum network, allow users to write and implement smart contracts — that is, general-purpose code that executes on every computer in the network and can instruct the transmission of information and value based on a sophisticated set of logical conditions. Using smart contracts, users can create markets, store registries of debts or promises, represent the ownership of property, move funds in accordance with conditional instructions and create other digital assets. Furthermore, traditional payment systems may improve their own technical capabilities and offer faster settlement times, faster finalization and lower fees. This could make it more difficult for the Bitcoin blockchain and bitcoin to gain traction as an alternative payments system, which could limit the long-term adoption of the Bitcoin blockchain and bitcoin, and thereby negatively impact the price of bitcoin. Finally, one means by which the ecosystem surrounding the Bitcoin blockchain has attempted to mitigate concerns about the slowness of transaction processing and finality and the variability of transaction fees has been through the development of so-called Layer 2 networks, including the "Lightning Network." Layer 2 networks are separate blockchains built on top of "Layer 1" blockchains like the Bitcoin blockchain for the purpose of augmenting the throughput of the Layer 1 blockchain, and often, providing lower fees for transaction processing and faster settlement. Layer 2 blockchains introduce certain risks into the Bitcoin ecosystem that should be considered. For instance, Layer 2 blockchains are a relatively new and still developing technology. Technological issues — including hacks, bugs, or failures — could introduce risk or harm confidence in the Bitcoin ecosystem, which could negatively impact the price of bitcoin. In addition, users may choose to settle an increasing share of transactions on Layer 2 blockchains, which could negatively impact the transaction activity on, and the amount of fee revenue generated by, the Bitcoin blockchain itself, which could negatively impact the price of bitcoin. If these or other developments negatively impact the price of bitcoin, this would negatively impact the value of the bitcoin.

**Custody Risk.** Security breaches, computer malware and computer hacking attacks have been a prevalent concern in relation to digital assets. The bitcoin held by the bitcoin-related ETPs' custodian will likely be an appealing target to hackers or malware distributors seeking to destroy, damage or steal the bitcoin-related ETPs' bitcoins. To the extent that the bitcoin-related ETPs and their service providers are unable to identify and mitigate or stop new security threats or otherwise adapt to technological changes in the digital asset industry, a bitcoin-related ETP's bitcoins may be subject to theft, loss, destruction or other attack.

The bitcoin-related ETPs have put security procedures in place to prevent such theft, loss or destruction, including but not limited to, offline storage, or cold storage, multiple encrypted private key "shards", and other measures. Nevertheless, the security procedures cannot guarantee the prevention of any loss due to a security breach, software defect or act of God that may be borne by the bitcoin-related ETPs and the security procedures may not protect against all errors, software flaws or other vulnerabilities in a bitcoin-related ETP's technical infrastructure, which could result in theft, loss or damage of its assets. The bitcoin-related ETPs do not control the operations of their service providers or their implementation of such security procedures and there can be no assurance that such security procedures will actually work as designed or prove to be successful in safeguarding a bitcoin-related ETP's assets against all possible sources of theft, loss or damage. Assets not held in cold storage, such as assets held in a trading account, may be more vulnerable to security breach, hacking or loss than assets held in cold storage. Furthermore, assets held in a trading account are held on an omnibus, rather than segregated basis, which creates greater risk of loss.

The security procedures and operational infrastructure may be breached due to the actions of outside parties, error or malfeasance of an employee of a bitcoin-related ETP's service providers, and, as a result, an unauthorized party may obtain access to the bitcoin-related ETP's account at the custodian where its bitcoin is held, the relevant private keys (and therefore bitcoin) or other data or property of a bitcoin-related ETP. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees of a bitcoin-related ETP or its service providers to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to a bitcoin-related ETP's infrastructure. As the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, or may be designed to remain dormant until a predetermined event and often are not recognized until launched against a target, a bitcoin-related ETP and its service providers may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures.

**Irrevocability of Transactions Risk.** Bitcoin transactions are typically not reversible without the consent and active participation of the recipient of the transaction. Once a transaction has been verified and recorded in a block that is added to the Bitcoin blockchain, an incorrect transfer or theft of bitcoin generally will not be reversible and a bitcoin-related ETP may not be capable of seeking compensation for any such transfer or theft. It is possible that, through computer or human error, or through theft or criminal action, a bitcoin-related ETP's bitcoin could be transferred from the bitcoin-related ETP's account at its custodian in incorrect amounts or to unauthorized third parties, or to uncontrolled accounts.

Such events have occurred in connection with digital assets in the past. For example, in September 2014, the Chinese digital asset platform Huobi announced that it had sent approximately 900 bitcoins and 8,000 Litecoins (worth approximately $400,000 at the prevailing market prices at the time) to the wrong customers. To the extent that a bitcoin-related ETP is unable to seek a corrective transaction with such third-party or is incapable of identifying the third-party which has received the bitcoin-related ETP's bitcoins through error or theft, the bitcoin-related ETP will be unable to revert or otherwise recover incorrectly transferred bitcoins. A bitcoin-related ETP will also be unable to convert or recover its bitcoins transferred to uncontrolled accounts. To the extent that a bitcoin-related ETP is unable to seek redress for such error or theft, such loss could adversely affect the value of its shares.

**Digital Asset Trading Platforms Risk.** Digital asset platforms are relatively new and, in some cases, unregulated. Many operate outside the United States. Furthermore, while many prominent digital asset platforms provide the public with significant information regarding their ownership structure, management teams, corporate practices and regulatory compliance, many digital asset platforms do not provide this information. Digital asset platforms may not be subject to, or may not comply with, regulation in a similar manner as other regulated trading platforms, such as national securities exchanges or designated contract markets. As a result, the marketplace may lose confidence in digital asset platforms, including prominent platforms that handle a significant volume of bitcoin trading.

Many digital asset platforms are unlicensed, may be unregulated, may be subject to regulation in a relevant jurisdiction, but may or may not be in compliance therewith, may operate without extensive supervision by governmental authorities, and do not provide the public with significant information regarding their ownership structure, management team, corporate practices, cybersecurity, and regulatory compliance. In particular, those located outside the United States may be subject to significantly less stringent regulatory and compliance requirements in their local jurisdictions, and may take the position that they are not subject to laws and regulations that would apply to a national securities exchange or designated contract market in the United States, or may, as a practical matter, be beyond the ambit of U.S. regulators.

In addition, over the past several years, some digital asset platforms have been closed due to fraud and manipulative activity, business failure or security breaches. In many of these instances, the customers of such digital asset platforms were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such digital asset platforms. While, generally speaking, smaller digital asset platforms are less likely to have the infrastructure and capitalization that make larger digital asset platforms more stable, larger digital asset platforms are more likely to be appealing targets for hackers and malware and their shortcomings or ultimate failures are more likely to have contagion effects on the digital asset ecosystem, and therefore may be more likely to be targets of regulatory enforcement action.

Negative perception, a lack of stability and standardized regulation in the digital asset markets and the closure or temporary shutdown of digital asset platforms due to fraud, business failure, security breaches or government mandated regulation, and associated losses by customers, may reduce confidence in the Bitcoin network and result in greater volatility or decreases in the prices of bitcoin.

**Digital Asset Regulatory Risk.** There is a lack of consensus regarding the regulation of digital assets, including bitcoin, and their markets. As a result of the growth in the size of the digital asset market, as well as in response to several events that occurred in 2022, including the collapse of the algorithmic stablecoin TerraUSD and its paired crypto asset LUNA in May 2022 and the collapse and bankruptcy of FTX Trading Ltd., an offshore digital asset trading venue specializing in crypto derivatives in November 2022, each which contributed to a significant decline in the price of bitcoin, the U.S. Congress and a number of U.S. federal and state agencies (including FinCEN, SEC, OCC, CFTC, FINRA, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Department of Justice, the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Internal Revenue Service, state financial institution regulators, and others) have been examining the operations of digital asset networks, digital asset users and the digital asset markets. Many of these state and federal agencies have brought enforcement actions or issued consumer advisories regarding the risks posed by digital assets to investors. Ongoing and future regulatory actions with respect to digital assets generally or bitcoin in particular may alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the nature of an investment in the shares of a bitcoin-related ETP or the ability of the bitcoin-related ETP to continue to operate.

**Position Limits Risk.** The options exchanges have established limits on the maximum number of puts and calls covering the same underlying security that may be held or written by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert or under common control (regardless of whether the options are purchased or written on the same or different exchanges or are held or written in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers). These are referred to as "position limits." The position limit applicable to a particular option class is determined by the options exchange based on the number of shares outstanding and trading volume of the security underlying the option. The rules of the options markets generally limit the maximum number of options on the same side of the market (i.e., calls held plus puts written, or puts held plus calls written) with respect to a single underlying interest that may be carried in the accounts of a single investor or group of investors acting in concert. An options market may require that positions in certain bitcoin-related ETP Options be aggregated with positions in certain other options for purposes of calculating position limits.

The clearing members that clear the Fund's listed option positions are required to monitor and report the Fund's positions to the options exchanges and may be required to liquidate positions in excess of these limits. Failure to comply with position limits may result in the imposition of fines and other sanctions by the options exchanges.

To the extent the Fund needs to modify its holdings in bitcoin-related ETP Options, such modification may adversely affect the profitability of the Fund and prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. A violation of position limits could also lead to regulatory action materially adverse to a Fund's investment strategy.

**Trading Halt Risk.** Trading in shares of a bitcoin-related ETP on U.S. securities exchanges may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of an exchange, make trading in shares of the bitcoin-related ETP inadvisable. In addition, trading of shares of a bitcoin-related ETP on securities exchanges is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to an exchange's "circuit breaker" rules. Shares of a bitcoin-related ETP may be at a higher risk of a trading halt due to the volatility of bitcoin. In the event that shares of a bitcoin-related ETP are subject to a trading halt, the Fund's ability to pursue its principal investment strategy may be impaired and the Fund may be negatively affected.

**Volatility Risk.** The trading prices of many digital assets, including bitcoin, have experienced extreme volatility in recent periods and may continue to do so. For instance, there were steep increases in the value of certain digital assets, including bitcoin, over the course of 2021, and multiple market observers asserted that digital assets were experiencing a "bubble." These increases were followed by steep drawdowns throughout 2022 in digital asset trading prices, including for bitcoin. These episodes of rapid price appreciation followed by steep drawdowns have occurred multiple times throughout bitcoin's history, including in 2011, 2013-2014, and 2017-2018, before repeating again in 2021-2022. Over the course of 2023, bitcoin prices continued to exhibit extreme volatility. Over the past ten years (using data ending July 31, 2024), bitcoin has exhibited a historical annualized volatility of 69.84% and maximum annual price decrease of 81.51%.

Bitcoin markets may still be experiencing a bubble or may experience a bubble again in the future. Extreme volatility in the future, including further declines in the trading prices of bitcoin, could have a material adverse effect on the value of the shares of a bitcoin-related ETP and shares of a bitcoin-related ETP could lose all or substantially all of their value.

**Bitcoin-Related ETF Risks.** The bitcoin-related ETFs do not invest directly in bitcoin. Instead, the bitcoin-related ETFs obtain indirect exposure to bitcoin by investing in bitcoin futures, swaps, and/or options. The market for derivatives linked to bitcoin may be less developed, and potentially less liquid and more volatile, than more established markets. While these markets have grown substantially since bitcoin derivatives commenced trading, there can be no assurance that this growth will continue. The price for bitcoin futures, swaps, and options is based on a number of factors, including the supply of and the demand for these derivatives. Market conditions and expectations, position limits, accountability levels, collateral requirements, availability of counterparties, and other factors each can impact the supply of and demand for these derivatives. Additionally, due to the high margin requirements that are unique to bitcoin futures contracts, the bitcoin-related ETFs may experience difficulty maintaining the desired level of exposure to bitcoin solely through futures contracts. If a bitcoin-related ETF is unable to achieve such exposure it may not be able to meet its investment objective and the bitcoin-related ETF's returns may be different or lower than expected. Additionally, collateral requirements may require the bitcoin-related ETFs to liquidate their positions, potentially incurring losses and expenses, when it otherwise would not do so. Investing in derivatives like bitcoin futures may be considered aggressive and may expose the bitcoin-related ETFs to significant risks. These risks include counterparty risk and liquidity risk.

**Bitcoin Tax Risk.** By investing in bitcoin-related ETPs through a subsidiary, the Fund will obtain exposure to the crypto asset bitcoin within the federal tax requirements that apply to the Fund. However, because a subsidiary is a controlled foreign corporation, any income received by the Fund from its investments in the Subsidiary will be passed through to the Fund as ordinary income, which may be taxed at less favorable rates than capital gains. The Fund's investments in bitcoin-related ETPs or similar investment vehicles are grantor trusts for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and therefore an investment by the Fund directly in such an investment will generally be treated as a direct investment in bitcoin for such purposes. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded a regulated investment company ("RIC") and its shareholders, Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") requires, among other things, that at least 90% of the Fund's income be "qualifying income." Although the income from bitcoin-related ETPs in which the Fund invests is not treated as qualifying income, the Fund avoids the recognition of any income from bitcoin-related ETPs by handling any bitcoin-related ETP transactions with Authorized Participants ("AP") through in-kind creations and redemptions. For example, if the Fund wants to reduce its exposure to bitcoin-related ETPs, it may deliver a basket of the bitcoin-related ETPs to the AP in exchange for shares of the Fund. The bitcoin-related ETPs are not sold by the Fund and therefore, no income is generated for the Fund. To the extent the IRS disagrees with the Fund's view regarding the use of the in-kind creation and redemptions to avoid recognition of non-qualifying income from bitcoin-related ETPs, then the Fund may fail to qualify as a RIC under the Code. If, in any year, the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC and was ineligible to or was not able to cure such failure, the Fund would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and subject to U.S. federal income tax on all its income at the fund level. The resulting taxes could substantially reduce the Fund's net assets and the amount of income available for distribution. In addition, in order to requalify for taxation as a RIC, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make certain distributions.

**Concentration Risk.** The Fund's net asset value may fluctuate more than that of a fund that does not concentrate in bitcoin related instruments.

**Risks of Investing in Other Investment Companies:** Investments in the securities of other investment companies, including ETFs, may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder thereof. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly bear the Fund's proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment companies, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders indirectly bear in connection with the Fund's own operations. If the other investment companies fail to achieve their investment objectives, the value of the Fund's investment will decline, adversely affecting the Fund's performance. In addition, ETF shares potentially may trade at a discount or a premium to NAV and are subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Fund. Finally, because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, the Adviser may not be able to liquidate the Fund's holdings in those shares at the most optimal time, adversely affecting the Fund's performance.

**Derivatives Risk:** the risk of investing in derivative instruments (such as forwards, futures, swaps and structured securities) and other similar investments, including leverage, liquidity, interest rate, market, counterparty (including credit), operational, legal and management risks, and valuation complexity. Changes in the value of a derivative or other similar investments may not correlate perfectly with, and may be more sensitive to market events than, the underlying asset, rate or index, and the Fund could lose more than the initial amount invested. Changes in the value of a derivative or other similar instruments may also create margin delivery or settlement payment obligations for the Fund. The Fund's use of derivatives or other similar investments may result in losses to the Fund, a reduction in the Fund's returns and/or increased volatility. Over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives or other similar investments are also subject to the risk that a counterparty to the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party, as many of the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivative transactions might not be available for OTC derivatives or other similar investments. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties, the Fund could suffer significant losses on these contracts and the value of an investor's investment in the Fund may decline. If there is a default by a counterparty, any recovery may be delayed depending on the circumstances of the default. Additionally, OTC derivatives are generally less liquid than exchange traded derivative instruments because they are not traded on an exchange, do not have uniform terms and conditions, and are generally entered into based upon the creditworthiness of the parties and the availability of credit support, such as collateral, and in general, are not transferable without the consent of the counterparty. The Fund may not be able to find a suitable derivatives counterparty, and thus may be unable to invest in derivatives altogether. The primary credit risk on derivatives or similar investments that are exchange-traded or traded through a central clearing counterparty, on the other hand, resides with the Fund's clearing broker or the clearinghouse. Changes in regulation relating to a registered fund's use of derivatives and related instruments could potentially limit or impact the Fund's ability to invest in derivatives, limit the Fund's ability to employ certain strategies that use derivatives or other similar investments and/or adversely affect the value of derivatives or other similar investments and the Fund's performance.

**Options Risk:** Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. The Fund may not fully benefit from or may lose money on an option if changes in its value do not correspond as anticipated to changes in the value of the underlying securities. If the Fund is not able to sell an option held in its portfolio, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of the underlying securities. Ownership of options involves the payment of premiums, which may adversely affect the Fund's performance. To the extent that the Fund invests in over-the-counter options, the Fund may be exposed to counterparty risk.

**FLEX Options Risk:**. The Fund may use FLEX Options issued and guaranteed for settlement by the OCC. The Fund bears the risk that the OCC will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the FLEX Options contracts. In the unlikely event that the OCC becomes insolvent or is otherwise unable to meet its settlement obligations, the Fund could suffer significant losses. Additionally, FLEX Options may be less liquid than certain other securities, such as standardized options. In less liquid markets for the FLEX Options, the Fund may have difficulty closing out certain FLEX Options positions at desired times and prices. In connection with the creation and redemption of Shares, to the extent market participants are not willing or able to enter into FLEX Option transactions with the Fund at prices that reflect the market price of the Shares, the Fund's NAV and, in turn the share price of the Fund, could be negatively impacted. The FLEX Options utilized by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As a FLEX Option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the bitcoin-related ETP. However, prior to such date, the value of the FLEX Options does not increase or decrease at the same rate as bitcoin-related ETP's share price on a day-to-day basis (although they generally move in the same direction). The value of the FLEX Options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. The value of the underlying FLEX Options will be affected by, among others, changes in the bitcoin-related ETP's share price, changes in interest rates and the remaining time to until the FLEX Options expire.

**Call Risk:** the risk that an issuer may exercise its right to redeem a fixed income security earlier than expected (a call). Issuers may call outstanding securities prior to their maturity for a number of reasons (e.g., declining interest rates, changes in credit spreads and improvements in the issuer's credit quality). If an issuer calls a security that the Fund has invested in, the Fund may not recoup the full amount of its initial investment or may not realize the full anticipated earnings from the investment and may be forced to reinvest in lower-yielding securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities with other, less favorable features.

**Credit Risk:** the risk that the Fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security, or the counterparty to a derivative contract, or the issuer or guarantor of collateral, is unable or unwilling, or is perceived (whether by market participants, rating agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to meet its financial obligations.

**Currency Risk:** the risk that foreign (non-U.S.) currencies will change in value relative to the U.S. dollar and affect the Fund's investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, or in derivatives that provide exposure to, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies.

**Emerging Markets Risk:** the risk of investing in emerging market securities, primarily increased foreign (non-U.S.) investment risk.

**Equity Risk:** the risk that the value of equity securities, such as common stocks and preferred securities, may decline due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular company or to factors affecting a particular industry or industries. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities.

**Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)** **Structure Risk**: The Fund is structured as an exchange traded fund and as a result is subject to special risks, including:

● *Market Price Variance Risk*: The market prices of shares will fluctuate in response to changes in NAV and supply and demand for shares and will include a "bid-ask spread" charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. There may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. This means that Shares may trade at a discount to NAV.

● *Authorized Participant Risk*: In times of market stress, market makers may step away from their role market making in shares of exchange traded funds and in executing trades, which can lead to differences between the market value of Fund shares and the Fund's NAV.

● *Trading Issues*: In stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund's shares may become less liquid in response to the deteriorating liquidity of the Fund's portfolio. This adverse effect on the liquidity of the Fund's shares may, in turn, lead to differences between the market value of the Fund's shares and the Fund's NAV.

● *Absence of Active Trading Market Risk*: An active trading market for the Fund's shares may not be developed or maintained. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility. There can be no assurance that Shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of the Exchange. If the Fund's shares are traded outside a collateralized settlement system, the number of financial institutions that can act as authorized participants that can post collateral on an agency basis is limited, which may limit the market for the Fund's shares.

**Foreign (Non-U.S.) Investment Risk:** the risk that investing in foreign (non-U.S.) securities may result in the Fund experiencing more rapid and extreme changes in value than a fund that invests exclusively in securities of U.S. companies, due to smaller markets, differing reporting, accounting and auditing standards, increased risk of delayed settlement of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates of portfolio securities, and the risk of unfavorable foreign government actions, including nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, currency blockage, political changes, diplomatic developments or the imposition of sanctions and other similar measures. Foreign securities may also be less liquid and more difficult to value than securities of U.S. issuers.

**High Yield Risk:** the risk that high yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality (commonly known as "junk bonds") are subject to greater levels of credit, call and liquidity risks. High yield securities are considered primarily speculative with respect to the issuer's continuing ability to make principal and interest payments, and may be more volatile than higher-rated securities of similar maturity.

**Interest Rate Risk:** the risk that fixed income securities will fluctuate in value because of a change in interest rates; a fund with a longer average portfolio duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration.

**Leveraging Risk:** the risk that certain transactions of the Fund, such as reverse repurchase agreements, and the use of when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions, or derivative instruments, may give rise to leverage, magnifying gains and losses and causing the Fund to be more volatile than if it had not been leveraged. This means that leverage entails a heightened risk of loss.

**Liquidity Risk:** the risk that a particular investment may be difficult to purchase or sell and that the Fund may be unable to sell illiquid investments at an advantageous time or price or achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector. Liquidity risk may result from the lack of an active market, reduced number and capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in fixed income securities, and may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment or other circumstances where investor redemptions from fixed income funds may be higher than normal, causing increased supply in the market due to selling activity.

**Management Risk:** the risk that the investment techniques and risk analyses applied by Kurv will not produce the desired results and that actual or potential conflicts of interest, legislative, regulatory, or tax restrictions, policies or developments may affect the investment techniques available to Kurv and the portfolio managers in connection with managing the Fund and may cause Kurv to restrict or prohibit participation in certain investments. There is no guarantee that the investment objective of the Fund will be achieved.

**Market Risk:** the risk that the value of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries.

**Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk:** the risks of investing in mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities, including interest rate risk, extension risk, prepayment risk and credit risk. The Fund may invest in any tranche of mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities, including junior and/or equity tranches (to the extent consistent with other of the Fund's guidelines), which generally carry higher levels of the foregoing risks.

**New Fund Risk:** the risk that a new fund's performance may not represent how the Fund is expected to or may perform in the long term. In addition, new funds have limited operating histories for investors to evaluate and new funds may not attract sufficient assets to achieve investment and trading efficiencies.

**Non-Diversification Risk**: The Fund's portfolio may focus on a limited number of investments and will be subject to the potential for more volatility than a diversified fund.

**Short Exposure Risk:** the risk of entering into short sales or other short positions, including the potential loss of more money than the actual cost of the investment, and the risk that the third party to the short sale or other short position will not fulfill its contractual obligations, causing a loss to the Fund.

**Small Fund Risk:** the risk that a smaller fund may not achieve investment or trading efficiencies. Additionally, a smaller fund may be more adversely affected by large purchases or redemptions of fund shares.

**Sovereign Debt Risk:** the risk that investments in fixed income instruments issued by sovereign entities may decline in value as a result of default or other adverse credit event resulting from an issuer's inability or unwillingness to make principal or interest payments in a timely fashion.

**Tax Risk**. The Fund invests in derivatives. The federal income tax treatment of a derivative may not be as favorable as a direct investment in an underlying asset. Derivatives may produce taxable income and taxable realized gain. Derivatives may adversely affect the timing, character and amount of income the Fund realizes from its investments. As a result, a larger portion of the Fund's distributions may be treated as ordinary income rather than as capital gains. In addition, certain derivatives are subject to mark-to-market or straddle provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. If such provisions are applicable, there could be an increase (or decrease) in the amount of taxable dividends paid by the Fund. The use of derivatives, such as call options, may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains or otherwise affect the Fund's ability to pay out dividends subject to preferential rates or the dividend deduction, thereby increasing the amount of taxes payable by some shareholders. The writing of call options by the Fund may significantly reduce or eliminate the ability to make distributions eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income or as eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.

To qualify as a regulated investment company ("RIC"), the Fund must meet certain requirements concerning the source of its income. The Fund's investment in the Subsidiary is intended to provide exposure to bitcoin in a manner that is consistent with the "qualifying income" requirement applicable to RICs. The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") has ceased issuing private letter rulings regarding whether the use of subsidiaries by investment companies to invest in certain instruments constitutes qualifying income. If the IRS determines that this source of income is not "qualifying income," the Fund may cease to qualify as a RIC because the Fund has not received a private letter ruling and is not able to rely on private letter rulings issued to other taxpayers. Failure to qualify as a RIC could subject the Fund to adverse tax consequences, including a federal income tax on its net income at regular corporate rates, as well as a tax to shareholders on such income when distributed as an ordinary dividend.

**Wholly-Owned Subsidiary Risk:** The Subsidiary will not be registered under the 1940 Act and, unless otherwise noted in this Prospectus, will not be subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Subsidiary, respectively, are organized, could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this prospectus and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. For example, Cayman Islands law does not currently impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that the Subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands governmental authority taxes, Fund shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns. By investing in bitcoin-related ETFs indirectly through the Subsidiary, the Fund will obtain exposure to the commodities markets within the federal tax requirements that apply to the Fund. However, because the Subsidiary is a controlled foreign corporation, any income received from its investments will be passed through to the Fund as ordinary income, which may be taxed at less favorable rates than capital gains.

**Performance:**

Because the Fund has not yet launched, the performance section is omitted. When such information is included, this section will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund's performance history from year to year and showing how the Fund's average annual total returns compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Although past performance of the Fund is no guarantee of how it will perform in the future, historical performance may give you some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund. Updated performance information will be available on the Fund's website at www.kurvinvest.com.

**Investment Adviser:** Kurv Investment Management LLC

**Portfolio Manager:** Dominique Tersin (since inception June 2025) serves as portfolio manager for the Fund.

**Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares:** The Fund is an ETF. Individual Shares of the Fund may only be bought and sold in the secondary market (i.e., on a national securities exchange) through a broker-dealer at a market price. Because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than at NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (at a premium), at NAV or less than NAV (at a discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares of the Fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares of the Fund (ask) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market (the "bid-ask spread"). The bid-ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the Fund's Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if the Fund's Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Recent information regarding the Fund, including its NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid/ask spreads, is available on the Fund's website at www.kurvinvest.com.

**Tax Information:** The Fund's distributions will be taxable to you, generally as ordinary income unless you are invested through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan, IRA or other tax-advantaged account; in such cases, you may be subject to tax when assets are withdrawn from such tax-advantaged arrangement. A sale of Shares may result in capital gain or loss.

**Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries:** If you purchase Shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an "Intermediary"), the Adviser and/or its related companies may pay the Intermediary for the sale of Shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary's website for more information.

**ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND'S INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND RISKS**

**Investment Objectives**

The investment objective of the Fund is to seek to maximize total return.

The Fund's investment objective is non-fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees without shareholder approval upon 60 days' written notice to shareholders.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

**Additional Information Regarding Investment Techniques and Policies:**

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes) in bitcoin-related exchanged traded funds (ETFs) as well as derivatives on bitcoin and bitcoin-related ETPs.

The Fund's "80%" policy is non-fundamental and can be changed without shareholder approval. However, Fund shareholders would be given at least 60 days' notice prior to any such change.

The Fund will employ its investment strategy regardless of whether there are periods of adverse market, economic, or other conditions and will not take temporary defensive positions during such periods.

The Fund is "non-diversified," meaning it may invest a greater portion of its assets in fewer issuers than is permissible for a "diversified" fund.

<u>Exchange Traded Options Portfolio</u>

The Fund purchases and sells a combination of call and put exchange traded options contracts. In general, put options give the holder (i.e., the buyer) the right to sell an asset (or deliver the cash value of the asset, in case of certain put options) and the seller (i.e., the writer) of the put has the obligation to buy the asset (or receive cash value of the asset, in case of certain put options) at a certain defined price. Call options give the holder (i.e., the buyer) the right to buy an asset (or receive cash value of the asset, in case of certain call options) and the seller (i.e., the writer) the obligation to sell the asset (or deliver cash value of the asset, in case of certain call options) at a certain defined price.

FLEX options are customized options contracts that trade on an exchange but provide investors with the ability to customize key contract terms like strike price, style and expiration date while achieving price discovery in competitive, transparent auctions markets and avoiding the counterparty exposure of "over-the-counter" ("OTC") options positions. Like traditional exchange-traded options, FLEX Options are guaranteed for settlement by the Options Clearing Corporation ("OCC"), a market clearinghouse that guarantees performance by counterparties to certain derivatives contracts.

The FLEX options in which the Fund may invest will generally be European style options (options that are exercisable only on the expiration date). The FLEX options are listed on the Chicago Board Options Exchange.

The Fund will use the market value of its derivatives holdings for the purpose of determining compliance with the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Since the options held by the Fund are exchange-traded, these will be valued on a mark-to-market basis. In the event market prices are not available, the Fund will use fair value pricing pursuant to the fair value procedures adopted by the Board.

<u>Investments by Registered Investment Companies</u>

Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by investment companies in the securities of other investment companies. However, registered investment companies are permitted to invest in other investment companies beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) in recently adopted rules under the 1940 Act, subject to certain conditions. The Fund may rely on Rule 12d1-4 of the 1940 Act, which provides an exemption from Section 12(d)(1) that allows the Fund to invest beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1) if the Fund satisfies certain conditions specified in Rule 12d1-4, including, among other conditions, that the Fund and its advisory group will not control (individually or in the aggregate) an acquired fund (e.g., hold more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of an acquired fund that is a registered open-end management investment company).

**PRINCIPAL RISKS OF INVESTING IN THE FUND**

The principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a "principal risk" of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund's NAV per share, trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its investment objective. The following risks could affect the value of your performance in the Fund.

**Bitcoin-Related ETP Risk**

Bitcoin-related ETPs are exchange-traded investment products that seek to generally match the performance of the price of bitcoin, and trade intra-day on a national securities exchange. Many of the bitcoin-related ETPs in which the Fund invests may not be registered, nor required to be registered, as investment companies subject to the 1940 Act and, therefore, would not be subject to the regulatory scheme of the 1940 Act. Shares of bitcoin-related ETPs are not traded at net asset value, but may trade at prices above or below the value of their underlying portfolios. The level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of a bitcoin-related ETP is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of an exchange traded fund, and generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying bitcoin and cash that the bitcoin-related ETP holds. Bitcoin-related ETPs are subject to management fees and other fees that may increase their costs versus the costs of owning bitcoin directly. Bitcoin-related ETPs generally determine the price of bitcoin by reference to a benchmark rate or index, and therefore may not the global price of bitcoin, or the price of bitcoin on any one digital asset trading platform. In the event the price used by the bitcoin-related ETP deviates from the global price of bitcoin, the Fund's returns may be adversely affected.

**Bitcoin Investing Risk**

The Fund is exposed to the risks of investing in bitcoin through its investments in bitcoin-related ETPs and derivative instruments on bitcoin and bitcoin-related ETPs. Bitcoin is a relatively new and highly speculative investment. The risks associated with bitcoin are set forth below. In addition to these risks, the bitcoin-related ETPs are also subject to the following risks which the Fund is also subject, which are described further below in the "Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) Structure Risk" below.

**Bitcoin Risk.** Bitcoin is a relatively new innovation and the market for bitcoin is subject to rapid price swings, changes and uncertainty. The further development of the Bitcoin network and the acceptance and use of bitcoin are subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The value of bitcoin has been, and may continue to be, substantially dependent on speculation, such that trading and investing in these assets generally may not be based on fundamental analysis. The slowing, stopping or reversing of the development of the Bitcoin network or the acceptance of bitcoin may adversely affect the price of bitcoin. Bitcoin is subject to the risk of fraud, theft, manipulation or security failures, operational or other problems that impact the digital asset trading venues on which bitcoin trades. The Bitcoin blockchain may contain flaws that can be exploited by hackers. A significant portion of bitcoin is held by a small number of holders sometimes referred to as "whales." Transactions of these holders may influence the price of bitcoin.

Unlike the exchanges for more traditional assets, such as equity securities and futures contracts, bitcoin and the digital asset trading venues on which it trades are largely unregulated and highly fragmented and digital asset trading venues may be operating out of compliance with regulations. As a result of the lack of regulation, individuals or groups may engage in fraud or market manipulation (including using social media to promote bitcoin in a way that artificially increases the price of bitcoin). Investors may be more exposed to the risk of theft, fraud and market manipulation than when investing in more traditional asset classes. Over the past several years, a number of digital asset trading venues have been closed due to fraud, failure or security breaches. Investors in bitcoin may have little or no recourse should such theft, fraud or manipulation occur and could suffer significant losses. Legal or regulatory changes may negatively impact the operation of the Bitcoin network or restrict the use of bitcoin. The bitcoin-related ETPs may also be negatively impacted by regulatory enforcement actions against the digital asset trading venues upon which bitcoin trades. Such actions could significantly reduce the number of venues upon which bitcoin trades and could negatively impact the price of bitcoin. In addition, digital asset trading venues, bitcoin miners, and other participants may have significant exposure to other digital assets. Instability in the price, availability or legal or regulatory status of those instruments may adversely impact the operation of the digital asset trading venues and the Bitcoin network. The realization of any of these risks could result in a decline in the acceptance of bitcoin and consequently a reduction in the value of bitcoin and shares of the bitcoin-related ETPs.

The Bitcoin network is maintained and secured by a group of validators who "mine" bitcoin, which involves contributing computer power to the network to validate transactions, maintain security and finalize settlement. The Bitcoin blockchain relies on a consensus mechanism whereby miners agree on the accurate state of the database. If a malicious actor (or group of actors) were to gain control of more than 50% the mining (or "hash") power in the network, even temporarily, they would have the ability to block new transactions from being confirmed and could, over time, reverse or reorder prior transactions. Although it may be challenging for a malicious actor (or group of actors) to gain control of 50% of the mining (or "hash") power in the Bitcoin blockchain, such an attack would significantly impact the value of bitcoin.

A blockchain is a public database that is updated, shared and maintained across many computers in a network. The software that powers a blockchain is known as its protocol. Like all software, these protocols may update or change from time-to-time. In the case of the Bitcoin protocol, updates are made based on proposals submitted by developers, but only if a majority of the users and miners adopt the new proposals and update their individual copies of the protocol. Certain upgrade proposals to a blockchain may not be accepted by all the participants in an ecosystem. If one significant group adopts a proposed upgrade and another does not — or if groups adopt different upgrades — this can result in a "fork" of the blockchain, wherein two distinct sets of users and validators or users and miners run two different versions of a protocol. If the versions are sufficiently different such that the two versions of the protocol cannot simultaneously maintain and update a shared record of the blockchain database, it is called a "hard fork." A hard fork can result in the creation of two competing blockchains, each with its own native crypto assets. For instance, on August 1, 2017, two factions in the Bitcoin community could not agree on whether or not to adopt an upgrade to the Bitcoin protocol related to how to scale throughput on the blockchain. The disagreement created a fork, with the smaller group taking the name "Bitcoin Cash" and running its own blockchain and related native crypto asset. The larger group retained the name Bitcoin for its blockchain and held bitcoin as the native crypto asset. Additional forks of the Bitcoin blockchain are possible. A large-scale fork could introduce risk, uncertainty, or confusion into the Bitcoin blockchain, or could fraction the value of the main blockchain and its native crypto asset, which could significantly impact the value of bitcoin and shares of the bitcoin-related ETPs. Additionally, a hack of the Bitcoin blockchain or one or more projects that interact with or that are built on top of the Bitcoin blockchain could negatively impact the price of bitcoin, whether it leads to another hard fork or not, and thereby the value of the bitcoin-related ETPs.

The Bitcoin blockchain and its native crypto asset, bitcoin, face numerous challenges to gaining widespread adoption as an alternative payments system, including the slowness of transaction processing and finality, variability in transaction fees and volatility in bitcoin's price. It is not clear that the Bitcoin blockchain or bitcoin can overcome these and other impediments, which could harm the long-term adoption of the Bitcoin blockchain and bitcoin as an alternative payment system, and thereby negatively impact the price of bitcoin. In addition, alternative public blockchains have been developed and may in the future develop that compete with the Bitcoin blockchain and may have significant advantages as alternative payment systems, including higher throughput, lower fees, faster settlement and finalization, and the ability to facilitate untraceable and/or privacy-shielded transactions through the use of zero-knowledge cryptography or other means. It is possible that these alternative public blockchains and their native crypto assets may be more successful than the Bitcoin blockchain and bitcoin in gaining adoption as an alternative payments system, which could limit the long-term adoption of the Bitcoin blockchain and bitcoin, thereby negatively impact the price of bitcoin. Such alternative public blockchains, such as the Ethereum network, allow users to write and implement smart contracts — that is, general-purpose code that executes on every computer in the network and can instruct the transmission of information and value based on a sophisticated set of logical conditions. Using smart contracts, users can create markets, store registries of debts or promises, represent the ownership of property, move funds in accordance with conditional instructions and create other digital assets. Furthermore, traditional payment systems may improve their own technical capabilities and offer faster settlement times, faster finalization and lower fees. This could make it more difficult for the Bitcoin blockchain and bitcoin to gain traction as an alternative payments system, which could limit the long-term adoption of the Bitcoin blockchain and bitcoin, and thereby negatively impact the price of bitcoin. Finally, one means by which the ecosystem surrounding the Bitcoin blockchain has attempted to mitigate concerns about the slowness of transaction processing and finality and the variability of transaction fees has been through the development of so-called Layer 2 networks, including the "Lightning Network." Layer 2 networks are separate blockchains built on top of "Layer 1" blockchains like the Bitcoin blockchain for the purpose of augmenting the throughput of the Layer 1 blockchain, and often, providing lower fees for transaction processing and faster settlement. Layer 2 blockchains introduce certain risks into the Bitcoin ecosystem that should be considered. For instance, Layer 2 blockchains are a relatively new and still developing technology. Technological issues — including hacks, bugs, or failures — could introduce risk or harm confidence in the Bitcoin ecosystem, which could negatively impact the price of bitcoin. In addition, users may choose to settle an increasing share of transactions on Layer 2 blockchains, which could negatively impact the transaction activity on, and the amount of fee revenue generated by, the Bitcoin blockchain itself, which could negatively impact the price of bitcoin. If these or other developments negatively impact the price of bitcoin, this would negatively impact the value of the bitcoin.

**Custody Risk.** Security breaches, computer malware and computer hacking attacks have been a prevalent concern in relation to digital assets. The bitcoin held by the bitcoin-related ETPs' custodian will likely be an appealing target to hackers or malware distributors seeking to destroy, damage or steal the bitcoin-related ETPs' bitcoins. To the extent that the bitcoin-related ETPs and their service providers are unable to identify and mitigate or stop new security threats or otherwise adapt to technological changes in the digital asset industry, a bitcoin-related ETP's bitcoins may be subject to theft, loss, destruction or other attack.

The bitcoin-related ETPs have put security procedures in place to prevent such theft, loss or destruction, including but not limited to, offline storage, or cold storage, multiple encrypted private key "shards", and other measures. Nevertheless, the security procedures cannot guarantee the prevention of any loss due to a security breach, software defect or act of God that may be borne by the bitcoin-related ETPs and the security procedures may not protect against all errors, software flaws or other vulnerabilities in a bitcoin-related ETP's technical infrastructure, which could result in theft, loss or damage of its assets. The bitcoin-related ETPs do not control the operations of their service providers or their implementation of such security procedures and there can be no assurance that such security procedures will actually work as designed or prove to be successful in safeguarding a bitcoin-related ETP's assets against all possible sources of theft, loss or damage. Assets not held in cold storage, such as assets held in a trading account, may be more vulnerable to security breach, hacking or loss than assets held in cold storage. Furthermore, assets held in a trading account are held on an omnibus, rather than segregated basis, which creates greater risk of loss.

The security procedures and operational infrastructure may be breached due to the actions of outside parties, error or malfeasance of an employee of a bitcoin-related ETP's service providers, and, as a result, an unauthorized party may obtain access to the bitcoin-related ETP's account at the custodian where its bitcoin is held, the relevant private keys (and therefore bitcoin) or other data or property of a bitcoin-related ETP. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees of a bitcoin-related ETP or its service providers to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to a bitcoin-related ETP's infrastructure. As the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, or may be designed to remain dormant until a predetermined event and often are not recognized until launched against a target, a bitcoin-related ETP and its service providers may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures.

**Irrevocability of Transactions Risk.** Bitcoin transactions are typically not reversible without the consent and active participation of the recipient of the transaction. Once a transaction has been verified and recorded in a block that is added to the Bitcoin blockchain, an incorrect transfer or theft of bitcoin generally will not be reversible and a bitcoin-related ETP may not be capable of seeking compensation for any such transfer or theft. It is possible that, through computer or human error, or through theft or criminal action, a bitcoin-related ETP's bitcoin could be transferred from the bitcoin-related ETP's account at its custodian in incorrect amounts or to unauthorized third parties, or to uncontrolled accounts.

Such events have occurred in connection with digital assets in the past. For example, in September 2014, the Chinese digital asset platform Huobi announced that it had sent approximately 900 bitcoins and 8,000 Litecoins (worth approximately $400,000 at the prevailing market prices at the time) to the wrong customers. To the extent that a bitcoin-related ETP is unable to seek a corrective transaction with such third-party or is incapable of identifying the third-party which has received the bitcoin-related ETP's bitcoins through error or theft, the bitcoin-related ETP will be unable to revert or otherwise recover incorrectly transferred bitcoins. A bitcoin-related ETP will also be unable to convert or recover its bitcoins transferred to uncontrolled accounts. To the extent that a bitcoin-related ETP is unable to seek redress for such error or theft, such loss could adversely affect the value of its shares.

**Digital Asset Trading Platforms Risk.** Digital asset platforms are relatively new and, in some cases, unregulated. Many operate outside the United States. Furthermore, while many prominent digital asset platforms provide the public with significant information regarding their ownership structure, management teams, corporate practices and regulatory compliance, many digital asset platforms do not provide this information. Digital asset platforms may not be subject to, or may not comply with, regulation in a similar manner as other regulated trading platforms, such as national securities exchanges or designated contract markets. As a result, the marketplace may lose confidence in digital asset platforms, including prominent platforms that handle a significant volume of bitcoin trading.

Many digital asset platforms are unlicensed, may be unregulated, may be subject to regulation in a relevant jurisdiction, but may or may not be in compliance therewith, may operate without extensive supervision by governmental authorities, and do not provide the public with significant information regarding their ownership structure, management team, corporate practices, cybersecurity, and regulatory compliance. In particular, those located outside the United States may be subject to significantly less stringent regulatory and compliance requirements in their local jurisdictions, and may take the position that they are not subject to laws and regulations that would apply to a national securities exchange or designated contract market in the United States, or may, as a practical matter, be beyond the ambit of U.S. regulators.

In addition, over the past several years, some digital asset platforms have been closed due to fraud and manipulative activity, business failure or security breaches. In many of these instances, the customers of such digital asset platforms were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such digital asset platforms. While, generally speaking, smaller digital asset platforms are less likely to have the infrastructure and capitalization that make larger digital asset platforms more stable, larger digital asset platforms are more likely to be appealing targets for hackers and malware and their shortcomings or ultimate failures are more likely to have contagion effects on the digital asset ecosystem, and therefore may be more likely to be targets of regulatory enforcement action.

Negative perception, a lack of stability and standardized regulation in the digital asset markets and the closure or temporary shutdown of digital asset platforms due to fraud, business failure, security breaches or government mandated regulation, and associated losses by customers, may reduce confidence in the Bitcoin network and result in greater volatility or decreases in the prices of bitcoin.

**Digital Asset Regulatory Risk.** There is a lack of consensus regarding the regulation of digital assets, including bitcoin, and their markets. As a result of the growth in the size of the digital asset market, as well as in response to several events that occurred in 2022, including the collapse of the algorithmic stablecoin TerraUSD and its paired crypto asset LUNA in May 2022 and the collapse and bankruptcy of FTX Trading Ltd., an offshore digital asset trading venue specializing in crypto derivatives in November 2022, each which contributed to a significant decline in the price of bitcoin, the U.S. Congress and a number of U.S. federal and state agencies (including FinCEN, SEC, OCC, CFTC, FINRA, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Department of Justice, the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Internal Revenue Service, state financial institution regulators, and others) have been examining the operations of digital asset networks, digital asset users and the digital asset markets. Many of these state and federal agencies have brought enforcement actions or issued consumer advisories regarding the risks posed by digital assets to investors. Ongoing and future regulatory actions with respect to digital assets generally or bitcoin in particular may alter, perhaps to a materially adverse extent, the nature of an investment in the shares of a bitcoin-related ETP or the ability of the bitcoin-related ETP to continue to operate.

**Position Limits Risk.** The options exchanges have established limits on the maximum number of puts and calls covering the same underlying security that may be held or written by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert or under common control (regardless of whether the options are purchased or written on the same or different exchanges or are held or written in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers). These are referred to as "position limits." The position limit applicable to a particular option class is determined by the options exchange based on the number of shares outstanding and trading volume of the security underlying the option. The rules of the options markets generally limit the maximum number of options on the same side of the market (i.e., calls held plus puts written, or puts held plus calls written) with respect to a single underlying interest that may be carried in the accounts of a single investor or group of investors acting in concert. An options market may require that positions in certain bitcoin-related ETP Options be aggregated with positions in certain other options for purposes of calculating position limits.

The clearing members that clear the Fund's listed option positions are required to monitor and report the Fund's positions to the options exchanges and may be required to liquidate positions in excess of these limits. Failure to comply with position limits may result in the imposition of fines and other sanctions by the options exchanges.

To the extent the Fund needs to modify its holdings in bitcoin-related ETP Options, such modification may adversely affect the profitability of the Fund and prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. A violation of position limits could also lead to regulatory action materially adverse to a Fund's investment strategy.

**Trading Halt Risk.** Trading in shares of a bitcoin-related ETP on U.S. securities exchanges may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of an exchange, make trading in shares of the bitcoin-related ETP inadvisable. In addition, trading of shares of a bitcoin-related ETP on securities exchanges is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to an exchange's "circuit breaker" rules. Shares of a bitcoin-related ETP may be at a higher risk of a trading halt due to the volatility of bitcoin. In the event that shares of a bitcoin-related ETP are subject to a trading halt, the Fund's ability to pursue its principal investment strategy may be impaired and the Fund may be negatively affected.

**Volatility Risk.** The trading prices of many digital assets, including bitcoin, have experienced extreme volatility in recent periods and may continue to do so. For instance, there were steep increases in the value of certain digital assets, including bitcoin, over the course of 2021, and multiple market observers asserted that digital assets were experiencing a "bubble." These increases were followed by steep drawdowns throughout 2022 in digital asset trading prices, including for bitcoin. These episodes of rapid price appreciation followed by steep drawdowns have occurred multiple times throughout bitcoin's history, including in 2011, 2013-2014, and 2017-2018, before repeating again in 2021-2022. Over the course of 2023, bitcoin prices continued to exhibit extreme volatility. Over the past ten years (using data ending July 31, 2024), bitcoin has exhibited a historical annualized volatility of 69.84% and maximum annual price decrease of 81.51%.

Bitcoin markets may still be experiencing a bubble or may experience a bubble again in the future. Extreme volatility in the future, including further declines in the trading prices of bitcoin, could have a material adverse effect on the value of the shares of a bitcoin-related ETP and shares of a bitcoin-related ETP could lose all or substantially all of their value.

**Bitcoin-Related ETF Risks**

The Bitcoin ETFs do not invest directly in bitcoin. Instead, the Bitcoin ETFs obtain indirect exposure to bitcoin by investing in bitcoin futures, swaps, and/or options. The market for derivatives linked to bitcoin may be less developed, and potentially less liquid and more volatile, than more established markets. While these markets have grown substantially since bitcoin derivatives commenced trading, there can be no assurance that this growth will continue. The price for bitcoin futures, swaps, and options is based on a number of factors, including the supply of and the demand for these derivatives. Market conditions and expectations, position limits, accountability levels, collateral requirements, availability of counterparties, and other factors each can impact the supply of and demand for these derivatives. Additionally, due to the high margin requirements that are unique to bitcoin futures contracts, the bitcoin-related ETFs may experience difficulty maintaining the desired level of exposure to bitcoin solely through futures contracts. If a bitcoin-related ETF is unable to achieve such exposure it may not be able to meet its investment objective and the bitcoin-related ETF's returns may be different or lower than expected. Additionally, collateral requirements may require the bitcoin-related ETFs to liquidate their positions, potentially incurring losses and expenses, when it otherwise would not do so. Investing in derivatives like bitcoin futures may be considered aggressive and may expose the bitcoin-related ETFs to significant risks. These risks include counterparty risk and liquidity risk.

**Bitcoin Tax Risk**

By investing in bitcoin-related ETPS through a subsidiary, the Fund will obtain exposure to the crypto asset bitcoin within the federal tax requirements that apply to the Fund. However, because a subsidiary is a controlled foreign corporation, any income received by the Fund from its investments in the Subsidiary will be passed through to the Fund as ordinary income, which may be taxed at less favorable rates than capital gains. The Fsund's investments in bitcoin-related ETPs or similar investment vehicles are grantor trusts for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and therefore an investment by the Fund directly in such an investment will generally be treated as a direct investment in bitcoin for such purposes. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded a regulated investment company ("RIC") and its shareholders, Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") requires, among other things, that at least 90% of the Fund's income be "qualifying income." Although the income from bitcoin-related ETPs in which the Fund invests is not treated as qualifying income, the Fund avoids the recognition of any income from bitcoin-related ETPs by handling any bitcoin-related ETP transactions with Authorized Participants ("AP") through in-kind creations and redemptions. For example, if the Fund wants to reduce its exposure to bitcoin-related ETPs, it may deliver a basket of the bitcoin-related ETPs to the AP in exchange for shares of the Fund. The bitcoin-related ETPs are not sold by the Fund and therefore, no income is generated for the Fund. To the extent the IRS disagrees with the Fund's view regarding the use of the in-kind creation and redemptions to avoid recognition of non-qualifying income from bitcoin-related ETPs, then the Fund may fail to qualify as a RIC under the Code. If, in any year, the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC and was ineligible to or was not able to cure such failure, the Fund would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and subject to U.S. federal income tax on all its income at the fund level. The resulting taxes could substantially reduce the Fund's net assets and the amount of income available for distribution. In addition, in order to requalify for taxation as a RIC, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make certain distributions.

**Concentration Risk**

The Fund's net asset value may fluctuate more than that of a fund that does not concentrate in bitcoin related instruments.

**Risks of Investing in Other Investment Companies (including ETFs) and Commodity Pools** 

Investments in the securities of other investment companies, including ETFs and commodity pools, may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company or commodity pool, the Fund becomes a shareholder thereof. As a result, Fund shareholders indirectly bear the Fund's proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment companies or commodity pools, in addition to the fees and expenses Fund shareholders indirectly bear in connection with the Fund's own operations. If the other investment companies or commodity pools fail to achieve their investment objective, the value of the Fund's investment will decline, adversely affecting the Fund's performance. In addition, closed-end investment company and ETF shares may potentially trade at a discount or a premium to NAV and are subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Fund. Finally, because the value of other investment companies or ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, the Fund may not be able to liquidate the Fund's holdings in those shares at the most optimal time, adversely affecting the Fund's performance.

**Derivatives Risk**

Derivatives include instruments and contracts that are based on, and valued in relation to, one or more underlying securities, financial benchmarks, indices, or other reference obligations or measures of value. Major types of derivatives include futures, options, swaps and forward contracts. Depending on how the Fund uses derivatives and the relationship between the market value of the derivative and the underlying instrument, the use of derivatives could increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the underlying instrument. Using derivatives exposes the Fund to additional or heightened risks, including leverage risk, liquidity risk, valuation risk, market risk, counterparty risk, and credit risk. A small investment in derivatives could have a potentially large impact on the Fund's performance. Derivatives transactions can be highly illiquid and difficult to unwind or value, they can increase Fund volatility, and changes in the value of a derivative held by the Fund may not correlate with the value of the underlying instrument or the Fund's other investments. Many of the risks applicable to trading the instruments underlying derivatives are also applicable to derivatives trading. However, derivatives are subject to additional risks such as operational risk (such as documentation issues and settlement issues) and legal risk (such as insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of a counterparty, and issues with the legality or enforceability of a contract). For derivatives that are required to be cleared by a regulated clearinghouse, other risks may arise from the Fund's relationship with a brokerage firm through which it submits derivatives trades for clearing, including in some cases from other clearing customers of the brokerage firm. The Fund would also be exposed to counterparty risk with respect to the clearinghouse. Financial reform laws have changed many aspects of financial regulation applicable to derivatives. Once implemented, new regulations, including margin, clearing, and trade execution requirements, may make investment in derivatives more costly, may limit their availability, may present different risks or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of these instruments. The extent and impact of these regulations are not yet fully known and may not be known for some time.

In October 2020, the SEC adopted Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act (the "Derivatives Rule"), which provides a comprehensive regulatory framework for the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, such as the Fund, and sets an outer limit on leverage based on VaR. The effect of the Derivatives Rule could, among other things, make investment in derivatives more costly, limit the availability or reduce the liquidity of derivatives, or otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives. Any such adverse future developments could impair the effectiveness or raise the costs of the Fund's derivative transactions, impede the employment of the Fund's derivatives strategies, or adversely affect the Fund's performance.

Certain risks relating to various types of derivatives in which the Fund may invest are described below.

*<u>Forward Contracts</u>*<u>.</u> The Fund may enter into forward contracts that are not traded on exchanges and may not be regulated. There are no limitations on daily price moves of forward contracts. Banks and other dealers with which the Fund maintains accounts may require that the Fund deposit margin with respect to such trading. The Fund's counterparties are not required to continue making markets in such contracts. There have been periods during which certain counterparties have refused to continue to quote prices for forward contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread (the difference between the price at which the counterparty is prepared to buy and that at which it is prepared to sell). Arrangements to trade forward contracts may be made with only one or a few counterparties, and liquidity problems therefore might be greater than if such arrangements were made with numerous counterparties. The imposition of credit controls by governmental authorities might limit such forward trading to less than the amount that the Adviser would otherwise recommend, to the possible detriment of the Fund.

*<u>Futures Contracts</u>*<u>.</u> The Fund may invest in futures that trade on either an exchange or over-the-counter. A futures contract obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to take delivery of) the specified security, commodity or currency underlying the contract on the expiration date of the contract at an agreed upon price. An index futures contract obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to take) an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount multiplied by the difference between the value of a specific index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement is made. No physical delivery of the underlying securities in the index is made. Generally, these futures contracts are closed out prior to the expiration date of the contracts. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in correlation with the value of the underlying instrument. Risks of futures contracts may arise from an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the instruments and the price of the underlying securities. The Fund's use of futures contracts (and related options) exposes the Fund to leverage risk because of the small margin requirements relative to the value of the futures contract. A relatively small market movement will have a proportionately larger impact on the funds that the Fund has deposited or will have to deposit with a broker to maintain its futures position. Leverage can lead to large losses as well as gains. While futures contracts are generally liquid instruments, under certain market conditions they may become illiquid. Futures exchanges may impose daily or intraday price change limits and/or limit the volume of trading. Additionally, government regulation may further reduce liquidity through similar trading restrictions. As a result, the Fund may be unable to close out its futures contracts at a time that is advantageous. The price of futures can be highly volatile; using them could lower total return, and the potential loss from futures can exceed the Fund's initial investment in such contracts.

*<u>Call Options</u>*<u>.</u> The seller (writer) of a call option which is covered (e.g., for which the writer holds the underlying security) assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the purchase price of the underlying security less the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered call option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the call option. However, if the buyer of the call sells short the underlying security, the loss on the call will be offset in whole or in part by a gain on the short sale of the underlying security.

*<u>Put Options</u>*<u>.</u> The seller (writer) of a put option which is covered (e.g., the writer holds or has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option plus the premium received, and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option plus the premium received. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing its entire investment in the put option.

*<u>Swaps</u>*<u>.</u> The Fund may enter into swaps. A swap is a commitment between two parties to make or receive payments based on agreed upon terms, and whose value and payments are derived by changes in the value of an underlying financial instrument. Swaps can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Depending on their structure, swaps may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to long-term or short-term interest rates, foreign currency values, corporate borrowing rates, or other factors such as security prices, values of baskets of securities, or inflation rates. Interest rate swaps are contracts involving the exchange between two contracting parties of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed rate payments). Credit default swaps are contracts whereby one party makes periodic payments to a counterparty in exchange for the right to receive from the counterparty a payment equal to the par (or other agreed-upon) value of an underlying debt obligation in the event of default by the issuer of the debt security. Total return swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make periodic payments based on the change in market value of the underlying assets, which may include a specified security, basket of securities or security indexes during the specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate of the total return from other underlying assets. Depending on how they are used, swaps may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the Fund's portfolio. The most significant factor in the performance of a swaps is the change in the specific interest rate, currency, individual equity values or other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund.

*<u>OTC Derivatives</u>*. Over-the-counter ("OTC") derivatives or other similar investments are also subject to the risk that a counterparty to the transaction will not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party, as many of the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivative transactions might not be available for OTC derivatives or other similar investments. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations due to financial difficulties, the Fund could suffer significant losses on these contracts and the value of an investor's investment in the Fund may decline. If there is a default by a counterparty, any recovery may be delayed depending on the circumstances of the default. Additionally, OTC derivatives are generally less liquid than exchange traded derivative instruments because they are not traded on an exchange, do not have uniform terms and conditions, and are generally entered into based upon the creditworthiness of the parties and the availability of credit support, such as collateral, and in general, are not transferable without the consent of the counterparty. The Fund may not be able to find a suitable derivatives counterparty, and thus may be unable to invest in derivatives altogether.

**Options Risk**

If a put or call option purchased by the Fund expires without being sold or exercised, the Fund would lose the premium it paid for the option. The risk involved in writing a covered call option is the lack of liquidity for the option. If the Fund is not able to close out the option transaction, the Fund would not be able to sell the underlying security until the option expires or is exercised. The risk involved in writing an uncovered call option is that there could be an increase in the market value of the underlying security caused by a number of factors. If this occurs, the option could be exercised and the underlying security would then be sold by the Fund at a lower price than its current market value. The risk involved in writing a put option is that the market value of the underlying security could decrease as a result of rising interest rates or other factors. If this occurs, the option could be exercised and the underlying security would then be sold to the Fund at a higher price than its prevailing market value. Purchasing and writing put and call options are highly specialized activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. To the extent that the Fund invests in over-the-counter options, the Fund may be exposed to credit risk with regard to parties with which it trades and may also bear the risk of settlement default. These risks may differ materially from those entailed in exchange-traded transactions, which generally are backed by clearing organization guarantees, daily marking-to-market and settlement, and segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Transactions entered directly between two counterparties generally do not benefit from such protections and expose the parties to the risk of counterparty default.

**FLEX Options Risk:** The Fund may use FLEX Options issued and guaranteed for settlement by the OCC. The Fund bears the risk that the OCC will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the FLEX Options contracts. In the unlikely event that the OCC becomes insolvent or is otherwise unable to meet its settlement obligations, the Fund could suffer significant losses. Additionally, FLEX Options may be less liquid than certain other securities, such as standardized options. In less liquid markets for the FLEX Options, the Fund may have difficulty closing out certain FLEX Options positions at desired times and prices. In connection with the creation and redemption of Shares, to the extent market participants are not willing or able to enter into FLEX Option transactions with the Fund at prices that reflect the market price of the Shares, the Fund's NAV and, in turn the share price of the Fund, could be negatively impacted. The FLEX Options utilized by the Fund are exercisable at the strike price on their expiration date. As a FLEX Option approaches its expiration date, its value typically increasingly moves with the value of the ETP. However, prior to such date, the value of the FLEX Options does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the ETP's share price on a day-to-day basis (although they generally move in the same direction). The value of the FLEX Options held by the Fund will be determined based on market quotations or other recognized pricing methods. The value of the underlying FLEX Options will be affected by, among others, changes in the ETP's share price, changes in interest rates and the remaining time to until the FLEX Options expire.

**Call Risk** 

Call risk refers to the possibility that an issuer may exercise its right to redeem a fixed income security earlier than expected (a call). Issuers may call outstanding securities prior to their maturity for a number of reasons (e.g., declining interest rates, changes in credit spreads and improvements in the issuer's credit quality). If an issuer calls a security in which the Fund has invested, the Fund may not recoup the full amount of its initial investment or may not realize the full anticipated earnings from the investment and may be forced to reinvest in lower-yielding securities, securities with greater credit risks or securities with other, less favorable features.

**Credit Risk** 

The Fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed income security (including a security purchased with securities lending collateral), or the counterparty to a derivatives contract, repurchase agreement or a loan of portfolio securities, or the issuer or guarantor of collateral, is unable or unwilling, or is perceived (whether by market participants, rating agencies, pricing services or otherwise) as unable or unwilling, to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The risk that such issuer, guarantor or counterparty is less willing or able to do so is heightened in market environments where interest rates are rising. The downgrade of the credit of a security or of the issuer of a security held by the Fund may decrease its value. Securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which are often reflected in credit ratings. Measures such as average credit quality may not accurately reflect the true credit risk of the Fund. This is especially the case if the Fund consists of securities with widely varying credit ratings. Therefore, if the Fund has an average credit rating that suggests a certain credit quality, the Fund may in fact be subject to greater credit risk than the average would suggest. Credit risk is greater to the extent the Fund uses leverage or derivatives. Rising or high interest rates may deteriorate the credit quality of an issuer or counterparty, particularly if an issuer or counterparty faces challenges rolling or refinancing its obligations.

**Currency Risk**

If the Fund invests directly in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, or in derivatives or other instruments that provide exposure to foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, it will be subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged.

Currency rates in foreign (non-U.S.) countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, rates of inflation, balance of payments and governmental surpluses or deficits, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. As a result, the Fund's investments in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies and/or foreign currency-denominated securities may reduce the returns of the Fund.

Currency risk may be particularly high to the extent that the Fund invests in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engages in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to emerging market countries. These currency transactions may present market, credit, currency, liquidity, legal, political and other risks different from, or greater than, the risks of investing in developed foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engaging in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to developed foreign countries.

**Emerging Markets Risk**

Foreign (non-U.S.) investment risk may be particularly high to the extent the Fund invests in emerging market securities. Emerging market securities may present market, credit, currency, liquidity, volatility, legal, political, technical and other risks different from, and potentially greater than, the risks of investing in securities and instruments economically tied to developed foreign countries. To the extent the Fund invests in emerging market securities that are economically tied to a particular region, country or group of countries, the Fund may be more sensitive to adverse political or social events affecting that region, country or group of countries. Economic, business, political, or social instability may affect emerging market securities differently, and often more severely, than developed market securities. The Fund that focuses its investments in multiple asset classes of emerging market securities may have a limited ability to mitigate losses in an environment that is adverse to emerging market securities in general. Emerging market securities may also be more volatile, less liquid (particularly during market closures due to local holidays or other reasons) and more difficult to value than securities economically tied to developed foreign countries. The systems and procedures for trading and settlement of securities in emerging markets are less developed and less transparent and transactions may take longer to settle. Emerging market countries typically have less established legal, accounting and financial reporting systems than those in more developed markets, which may reduce the scope or quality of financial information available to investors. Governments in emerging market countries are often less stable and more likely to take extra-legal action with respect to companies, industries, assets, or foreign ownership than those in more developed markets. Moreover, it can be more difficult for investors to bring litigation or enforce judgments against issuers in emerging markets or for U.S. regulators to bring enforcement actions against such issuers. The Fund will also be subject to Emerging Markets Risk if they invest in derivatives or other securities or instruments whose value or return are related to the value or returns of emerging markets securities. Rising interest rates, combined with widening credit spreads, could negatively impact the value of emerging market debt and increase funding costs for foreign issuers. In such a scenario, foreign issuers might not be able to service their debt obligations, the market for emerging market debt could suffer from reduced liquidity, and any investing Fund could lose money. The economy of some emerging markets may be particularly exposed to or affected by a certain industry or sector, and therefore issuers and/or securities of such emerging markets may be more affected by the performance of such industries or sectors.

**Equity Risk**

Equity securities represent an ownership interest, or the right to acquire an ownership interest, in an issuer. Equity securities also include, among other things, preferred securities, convertible stocks and warrants. The values of equity securities, such as common stocks and preferred securities, may decline due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities. These risks are generally magnified in the case of equity investments in distressed companies.

**Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) Structure Risk**

The Fund is structured as exchange traded funds and as a result is subject to special risks, including:

● *Market Price Variance Risk*. The market prices of shares will fluctuate in response to changes in NAV and supply and demand for shares and will include a "bid-ask spread" charged by the exchange specialists, market makers or other participants that trade the particular security. There may be times when the market price and the NAV vary significantly. This means that Shares may trade at a discount to NAV.

● *Authorized Participant Risk*. In times of market stress, market makers may step away from their role market making in shares of exchange traded funds and in executing trades, which can lead to differences between the market value of Fund shares and the Fund's NAV.

● *Trading Issues*. In stressed market conditions, the market for the Fund's shares may become less liquid in response to the deteriorating liquidity of the Fund's portfolio. This adverse effect on the liquidity of the Fund's shares may, in turn, lead to differences between the market value of the Fund's shares and the Fund's NAV.

● *Absence of Active Trading Market Risk*. An active trading market for the Fund's shares may not be developed or maintained. Trading in Shares on the Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable, such as extraordinary market volatility. There can be no assurance that Shares will continue to meet the listing requirements of the Exchange. If the Fund's shares are traded outside a collateralized settlement system, the number of financial institutions that can act as authorized participants that can post collateral on an agency basis is limited, which may limit the market for the Fund's shares.

**Foreign (Non-U.S.) Investment Risk**

Foreign (non-U.S.) securities may experience more rapid and extreme changes in value than securities of U.S. issuers or securities that trade exclusively in U.S. markets. The securities markets of many foreign (non-U.S.) countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. Additionally, issuers of foreign (non-U.S.) securities are usually not subject to the same degree of regulation as U.S. issuers. Reporting, accounting and auditing standards of foreign countries differ, in some cases significantly, from U.S. standards. Global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, and conditions and events in one country, region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Foreign (non-U.S.) market trading hours, clearance and settlement procedures, and holiday schedules may limit the Fund's ability to buy and sell securities. Investments in foreign (non-U.S.) markets may also be adversely affected by governmental actions such as the imposition of capital controls, nationalization of companies or industries, expropriation of assets or the imposition of punitive taxes. The governments of certain countries may prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on foreign (non-U.S.) investing in their capital markets or in certain sectors or industries. In addition, a foreign (non-U.S.) government may limit or cause delay in the convertibility or repatriation of its currency which would adversely affect the U.S. dollar value and/or liquidity of investments denominated in that currency. Certain foreign (non-U.S.) investments may become less liquid in response to market developments or adverse investor perceptions, or become illiquid after purchase by the Fund, particularly during periods of market turmoil. A reduction in trading in securities of issuers located in countries whose economies are heavily dependent upon trading with key partners may have an adverse impact on the Fund's investments.

Also, nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, unstable governments, decreased market liquidity, currency blockage, market disruptions, political changes, security suspensions, diplomatic developments or the imposition of sanctions or other similar measures could adversely affect the Fund's investments in a foreign (non-U.S.) country. In the event of nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation, the Fund could lose its entire investment in foreign (non-U.S.) securities. The type and severity of sanctions and other similar measures, including counter sanctions and other retaliatory actions, that may be imposed could vary broadly in scope, and their impact is difficult to ascertain. These types of measures may include, but are not limited to, banning a sanctioned country or certain persons or entities associated with such country from global payment systems that facilitate cross-border payments, restricting the settlement of securities transactions by certain investors, and freezing the assets of particular countries, entities or persons. The imposition of sanctions and other similar measures could, among other things, result in a decline in the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by the sanctioned country or companies located in or economically tied to the sanctioned country, downgrades in the credit ratings of the sanctioned country's securities or those of companies located in or economically tied to the sanctioned country, currency devaluation or volatility, and increased market volatility and disruption in the sanctioned country and throughout the world. Sanctions and other similar measures could directly or indirectly limit or prevent the Fund from buying and selling securities (in the sanctioned country and other markets), significantly delay or prevent the settlement of securities transactions, and adversely impact the Fund's liquidity and performance. Adverse conditions in a certain region can adversely affect securities of other countries whose economies appear to be unrelated. To the extent that the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in a specific geographic region or in securities denominated in a particular foreign (non-U.S.) currency, the Fund will generally have more exposure to regional economic risks, including weather emergencies and natural disasters, associated with foreign (non-U.S.) investments. Foreign (non-U.S.) securities may also be less liquid (particularly during market closures due to local holidays or other reasons) and more difficult to value than securities of U.S. issuers.

**High Yield Risk**

The Fund may invest in high yield securities and unrated securities of similar credit quality (commonly known as "high yield securities" or "junk bonds") may be subject to greater levels of credit risk, call risk and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in such securities. These securities are considered predominantly speculative with respect to an issuer's continuing ability to make principal and interest payments, and may be more volatile than other types of securities. An economic downturn or individual corporate developments could adversely affect the market for these securities and reduce the Fund's ability to sell these securities at an advantageous time or price. An economic downturn would generally lead to a higher non-payment rate and, a high yield security may lose significant market value before a default occurs. High yield securities structured as zero-coupon bonds or pay-in-kind securities tend to be especially volatile as they are particularly sensitive to downward pricing pressures from rising interest rates or widening spreads and may require the Fund to make taxable distributions of imputed income without receiving the actual cash currency. Issuers of high yield securities may have the right to "call" or redeem the issue prior to maturity, which may result in the Fund having to reinvest the proceeds in other high yield securities or similar instruments that may pay lower interest rates. The Fund may also be subject to greater levels of liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in high yield securities. In addition, the high yield securities in which the Fund invests may not be listed on any exchange and a secondary market for such securities may be comparatively illiquid relative to markets for other more liquid fixed income securities. Consequently, transactions in high yield securities may involve greater costs than transactions in more actively traded securities. A lack of publicly-available information, irregular trading activity and wide bid/ask spreads among other factors, may, in certain circumstances, make high yield debt more difficult to sell at an advantageous time or price than other types of securities or instruments. These factors may result in the Fund being unable to realize full value for these securities and/or may result in the Fund not receiving the proceeds from a sale of a high yield security for an extended period after such sale, each of which could result in losses to the Fund. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield securities, especially in thinly-traded markets. When secondary markets for high yield securities are less liquid than the market for other types of securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available. Because of the risks involved in investing in high yield securities, an investment in the Fund that invests in such securities should be considered speculative.

**Interest Rate Risk** 

Interest rate risk is the risk that fixed income securities and other instruments in the Fund's portfolio will fluctuate in value because of a change in interest rates. For example, as nominal interest rates rise, the value of certain fixed income securities held by the Fund is likely to decrease. A nominal interest rate can be described as the sum of a real interest rate and an expected inflation rate. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and the Fund may lose money as a result of movements in interest rates. The Fund may not be able to hedge against changes in interest rates or may choose not to do so for cost or other reasons. In addition, any hedges may not work as intended.

Fixed income securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, usually making them more volatile than securities with shorter durations. The values of equity and other non-fixed income securities may also decline due to fluctuations in interest rates. Inflation-indexed bonds, including Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities ("TIPS"), decline in value when real interest rates rise. In certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, inflation-indexed bonds may experience greater losses than other fixed income securities with similar durations.

Variable and floating rate securities generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. Inverse floating rate securities may decrease in value if interest rates increase. Inverse floating rate securities may also exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation with similar credit quality. When the Fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease (or, in the case of inverse floating rate securities, an increase) in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the net asset value ("NAV") of the Fund's shares.

A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates or yields of U.S. Treasury securities (or yields of other types of bonds) to rise, including but not limited to central bank monetary policies, changing inflation or real growth rates, general economic conditions, increasing bond issuances or reduced market demand for low yielding investments. Risks associated with rising interest rates are heightened under current market conditions given that the U.S. Federal Reserve (the "Federal Reserve") has raised interest rates from historically low levels. In addition, changes in monetary policy may exacerbate the risks associated with changing interest rates. Further, in market environments where interest rates are rising, issuers may be less willing or able to make principal and interest payments on fixed income investments when due.

During periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Fund may be unable to maintain positive returns. Certain European countries have previously experienced negative interest rates on certain fixed income instruments. Very low or negative interest rates may magnify interest rate risk. Changing interest rates, including rates that fall below zero, may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from Fund performance to the extent the Fund is exposed to such interest rates.

Measures such as average duration may not accurately reflect the true interest rate sensitivity of the Fund. This is especially the case if the Fund consists of securities with widely varying durations. Therefore, if the Fund has an average duration that suggests a certain level of interest rate risk, the Fund may in fact be subject to greater interest rate risk than the average would suggest. This risk is greater to the extent the Fund uses leverage or derivatives in connection with the management of the Fund.

Convexity is an additional measure used to understand a security's or the Fund's interest rate sensitivity. Convexity measures the rate of change of duration in response to changes in interest rates. With respect to a security's price, a larger convexity (positive or negative) may imply more dramatic price changes in response to changing interest rates. Convexity may be positive or negative. Negative convexity implies that interest rate increases result in increased duration, meaning increased sensitivity in prices in response to rising interest rates. Thus, securities with negative convexity, which may include bonds with traditional call features and certain mortgage-backed securities, may experience greater losses in periods of rising interest rates. Accordingly, if the Fund holds such securities, the Fund may be subject to a greater risk of losses in periods of rising interest rates.

**Leveraging Risk**

Certain transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. Such transactions may include, among others, reverse repurchase agreements and the use of when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions. The Fund's use of derivatives may also create leveraging risk. The Fund also may be exposed to leveraging risk by borrowing money for investment purposes. Leverage may cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions to satisfy its obligations when it may not be advantageous to do so. Leverage, including borrowing, may cause the Fund to be more volatile than if the Fund had not been leveraged. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund's portfolio securities. Certain types of leveraging transactions, such as short sales that are not "against the box" (i.e., short sales where the Fund does not hold the security or have the right to acquire it without payment of further consideration), could theoretically be subject to unlimited losses in cases where the Fund, for any reason, is unable to close out the transaction. In addition, to the extent the Fund borrows money, interest costs on such borrowings may not be recovered by any appreciation of the securities purchased with the borrowed amounts and could exceed the Fund's investment returns, resulting in greater losses. Moreover, to make payments of interest and other loan costs, the Fund may be forced to sell portfolio securities when it is not otherwise advantageous to do so.

**Liquidity Risk**

The Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") defines liquidity risk as the risk that the Fund could not meet requests to redeem shares issued by the Fund without significant dilution of remaining investors' interests in the Fund. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. Illiquid investments are investments that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Illiquid investments may become harder to value, especially in changing markets. The Fund's investments in Illiquid investments may reduce the returns of the Fund because it may be unable to sell the Illiquid investments at an advantageous time or price or possibly require the Fund to dispose of other investments at unfavorable times or prices in order to satisfy its obligations, which could prevent the Fund from taking advantage of other investment opportunities. Additionally, the market for certain investments may become illiquid under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer. Bond markets have consistently grown over the past three decades while the capacity for traditional dealer counterparties to engage in fixed income trading has not kept pace and in some cases has decreased. As a result, dealer inventories of corporate bonds, which provide a core indication of the ability of financial intermediaries to "make markets," are at or near historic lows in relation to market size. Because market makers seek to provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, the significant reduction in dealer inventories could potentially lead to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets. Such issues may be exacerbated during periods of economic uncertainty.

In such cases, the Fund, due to regulatory limitations on investments in Illiquid investments and the difficulty in purchasing and selling such securities or instruments, may be unable to achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector. To the extent that the Fund's principal investment strategies involve securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, foreign (non-U.S.) securities, Rule 144A securities, illiquid sectors of fixed income securities, derivatives or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk, the Fund will tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. Further, fixed income securities with longer durations until maturity face heightened levels of liquidity risk as compared to fixed income securities with shorter durations until maturity. Finally, liquidity risk also refers to the risk of unusually high redemption requests, redemption requests by certain large shareholders such as institutional investors or asset allocators, or other unusual market conditions that may make it difficult for the Fund to sell investments within the allowable time period to meet redemptions. Meeting such redemption requests could require the Fund to sell securities at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions, which would reduce the value of the Fund. It may also be the case that other market participants may be attempting to liquidate fixed income holdings at the same time as the Fund, causing increased supply in the market and contributing to liquidity risk and downward pricing pressure.

Certain accounts may from time to time own (beneficially or of record) or control a significant percentage of the Fund's shares. If these shareholders sell their Fund shares, this may impact the Fund's NAV and the market price and the secondary market liquidity of Fund shares. These transactions may also result in the Fund selling certain of its portfolio holdings, which may negatively impact the Fund's performance. Liquidity risk also refers to the risk that the Fund may be required to hold additional cash or sell other investments in order to obtain cash to close out derivatives or meet the liquidity demands that derivatives can create to make payments of margin, collateral, or settlement payments to counterparties. The Fund may have to sell a security at a disadvantageous time or price to meet such obligations.

Actions by governments and regulators may have the effect of reducing market liquidity, market resiliency and money supply, such as through higher rates, tighter financial regulations and proposals related to open-end fund liquidity that may prevent mutual funds and exchange-traded funds from participating in certain markets.

**Management Risk**

The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed investment portfolio. Kurv and the individual portfolio managers will apply investment techniques and risk analysis in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these decisions will produce the desired results or that the due diligence conducted by Kurv or the portfolio managers will expose all material risks associated with an investment. Additionally, Kurv or the portfolio managers may not be able to identify suitable investment opportunities and may face competition from other investment managers when identifying and consummating certain investments. Certain securities or other instruments in which the Fund seeks to invest may not be available in the quantities desired. In addition, regulatory restrictions, actual or potential conflicts of interest or other considerations may cause Kurv to restrict or prohibit participation in certain investments. In such circumstances, Kurv or the portfolio managers may determine to purchase other securities or instruments as substitutes. Such substitute securities or instruments may not perform as intended, which could result in losses to the Fund. To the extent the Fund employs strategies targeting perceived pricing inefficiencies, arbitrage strategies or similar strategies, it is subject to the risk that the pricing or valuation of the securities and instruments involved in such strategies may change unexpectedly, which may result in reduced returns or losses to the Fund. Additionally, legislative, regulatory, or tax restrictions, policies or developments may affect the investment techniques available to Kurv and the portfolio managers in connection with managing the Fund and may also adversely affect the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives. There also can be no assurance that all of the personnel of Kurv will continue to be associated with Kurv for any length of time. The loss of services of one or more key employees of Kurv could have an adverse impact on the Fund's ability to realize its investment objective.

**Market Risk**

The market price of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries or issuers represented in the securities markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates, adverse changes to credit markets or adverse investor sentiment generally. The value of a security may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. During a general downturn in the securities markets, multiple asset classes may decline in value simultaneously even if the performance of those asset classes is not otherwise historically correlated. Investments may also be negatively impacted by market disruptions and by attempts by other market participants to manipulate the prices of particular investments. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities. Credit ratings downgrades may also negatively affect securities held by the Fund. Even when markets perform well, there is no assurance that the investments held by the Fund will increase in value along with the broader market.

In addition, market risk includes the risk that geopolitical and other events will disrupt the economy on a national or global level. For instance, war, terrorism, social unrest, recessions, supply chain disruptions, market manipulation, government defaults, government shutdowns, political changes, diplomatic developments or the imposition of sanctions and other similar measures, public health emergencies (such as the spread of infectious diseases, pandemics and epidemics) and natural/environmental disasters can all negatively impact the securities markets, which could cause the Fund to lose value. These events could reduce consumer demand or economic output, result in market closures, changes in interest rates, inflation/deflation, travel restrictions or quarantines, and significantly adversely impact the economy. The current contentious domestic political environment, as well as political and diplomatic events within the United States and abroad, such as presidential elections in the U.S. or abroad or the U.S. government's inability at times to agree on a long-term budget and deficit reduction plan, has in the past resulted, and may in the future result, in a government shutdown, or otherwise adversely affect the U.S. regulatory landscape, the general market environment and/or investor sentiment, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund's investments and operations. Additional and/or prolonged U.S. federal government shutdowns may affect investor and consumer confidence and may adversely impact financial markets and the broader economy, perhaps suddenly and to a significant degree. Governmental and quasi-governmental authorities and regulators throughout the world have previously responded to serious economic disruptions with a variety of significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including but not limited to, direct capital infusions into companies, new monetary programs and dramatically lower interest rates. An unexpected or sudden reversal of these policies, or the ineffectiveness of these policies, could increase volatility in securities markets, which could adversely affect the Fund's investments. Any market disruptions could also prevent the Fund from executing advantageous investment decisions in a timely manner. To the extent the Fund has focused its investments in a region enduring geopolitical market disruption will face higher risks of loss, although the increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets can lead to events or conditions in one country, region or financial market adversely impacting a different country, region or financial market. Thus, investors should closely monitor current market conditions to determine whether the Fund meets their individual financial needs and tolerance for risk.

Current market conditions may pose heightened risks with respect to investments in fixed income securities. As discussed more under "Interest Rate Risk," the Federal Reserve raised interest rates from historically low levels. In addition, changes in monetary policy may exacerbate the risks associated with changing interest rates. Any additional interest rate increases in the future could cause the value of any Fund that invests in fixed income securities to decrease. As such, fixed income securities markets may experience heightened levels of interest rate, volatility and liquidity risk. If rising interest rates cause the Fund to lose enough value, the Fund could also face increased shareholder redemptions, which could force the Fund to liquidate investments at disadvantageous times or prices, therefore adversely affecting the Fund and its shareholders.

Although interest rates have significantly increased since 2022 through the date of this prospectus, the prices of real estate-related assets generally have not decreased as much as may be expected based on historical correlations between interest rates and prices of real estate-related assets. This presents an increased risk of a correction or severe downturn in real estate-related asset prices, which could adversely impact the value of other investments as well (such as loans, securitized debt and other Fixed Income Instruments). This risk is particularly present with respect to commercial real estate-related asset prices, and the value of other investments with a connection to the commercial real estate sector. As examples of the current risks faced by real-estate related assets, tenant vacancy rates, tenant turnover and tenant concentration have increased; owners of real estate have faced headwinds, delinquencies and difficulties in collecting rents and other payments (which increases the risk of owners being unable to pay or otherwise defaulting on their own borrowings and obligations); property values have declined; inflation, upkeep costs and other expenses have increased; and rents have declined for many properties.

Exchanges and securities markets may close early, close late or issue trading halts on specific securities or generally, which may result in, among other things, the Fund being unable to buy or sell certain securities or financial instruments at an advantageous time or accurately price its portfolio investments. In addition, the Fund may rely on various third-party sources to calculate its NAV. As a result, the Fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on service providers and service providers' data sources. In particular, errors or systems failures and other technological issues may adversely impact the Fund's calculations of its NAV, and such NAV calculation issues may result in inaccurately calculated NAVs, delays in NAV calculation and/or the inability to calculate NAVs over extended periods. The Fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.

**Mortgage-Related and Other Asset-Backed Securities Risk**

Mortgage-related and other asset-backed securities represent interests in "pools" of mortgages or other assets such as consumer loans or receivables held in trust and often involve risks that are different from or possibly more acute than risks associated with other types of debt instruments. Generally, rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of fixed rate mortgage-related securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. Compared to other fixed income investments with similar maturity and credit, mortgage-related securities may increase in value to a lesser extent when interest rates decline and may decline in value to a similar or greater extent when interest rates rise. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, if the Fund holds mortgage-related securities, it may exhibit additional volatility since individual mortgage holders are less likely to exercise prepayment options, thereby putting additional downward pressure on the value of these securities and potentially causing the Fund to lose money. This is known as extension risk. Mortgage-backed securities can be highly sensitive to rising interest rates, such that even small movements can cause an investing Fund to lose value. Mortgage-backed securities, and in particular those not backed by a government guarantee, are subject to credit risk. In addition, adjustable and fixed rate mortgage-related securities are subject to prepayment risk. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off their mortgages sooner than expected. This can reduce the returns of the Fund because the Fund may have to reinvest that money at the lower prevailing interest rates. In addition, the creditworthiness, servicing practices, and financial viability of the servicers of the underlying mortgage pools present significant risks. For instance, a servicer may be required to make advances in respect of delinquent loans underlying the mortgage-related securities; however, servicers experiencing financial difficulties may not be able to perform these obligations. Additionally, both mortgage-related securities and asset-backed securities are subject to risks associated with fraud or negligence by, or defalcation of, their servicers. These securities are also subject to the risks of the underlying loans. In some circumstances, a servicer's or originator's mishandling of documentation related to the underlying collateral (e.g., failure to properly document a security interest in the underlying collateral) may affect the rights of security holders in and to the underlying collateral. In addition, the underlying loans may have been extended pursuant to inappropriate underwriting guidelines, to no underwriting guidelines at all, or to fraudulent origination practices. The owner of a mortgage-backed security's ability to recover against the sponsor, servicer or originator is uncertain and is often limited.

The Fund's investments in other asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar to those associated with mortgage-related securities, as well as additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those assets. Payment of principal and interest on asset-backed securities may be largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities, and asset-backed securities may not have the benefit of any security interest in the related assets. The Fund may invest in any tranche of mortgage-related or other asset-backed securities, including junior and/or equity tranches (to the extent consistent with other of the Fund's guidelines), which generally carry higher levels of the foregoing risks.

**New Fund Risk**

A new fund's performance may not represent how the fund is expected to or may perform in the long term if and when it becomes larger and has fully implemented its investment strategies. Investment positions may have a disproportionate impact (negative or positive) on performance in new funds. New funds may also require a period of time before they are fully invested in securities that meet their investment objectives and policies and achieve a representative portfolio composition. Fund performance may be lower or higher during this "ramp-up" period, and may also be more volatile, than would be the case after the fund is fully invested. Similarly, a new fund's investment strategy may require a longer period of time to show returns that are representative of the strategy. New funds have limited performance histories for investors to evaluate and new funds may not attract sufficient assets to achieve investment and trading efficiencies. If a new fund were to fail to successfully implement its investment strategies or achieve its investment objective, performance may be negatively impacted, and any resulting liquidation could create negative transaction costs for the fund and tax consequences for investors.

**Non-Diversification Risk**

Because the Fund is "non-diversified," the Fund may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a smaller number of issuers could cause the Fund's overall value to decline to a greater degree than if such Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase the Fund's volatility and have a greater impact on such Fund's performance.

**Short Exposure Risk**

The Fund's short sales and short positions, if any, are subject to special risks. A short sale involves the sale by the Fund of a security that it does not own with the hope of purchasing the same security at a later date at a lower price. The Fund may also enter into a short position through a forward commitment or a short derivative position through a futures contract or swap agreement. If the price of the security or derivative has increased during this time, then the Fund will incur a loss equal to the increase in price from the time that the short sale was entered into plus any transaction costs (i.e., premiums and interest) paid to the broker-dealer to borrow securities. Therefore, short sales involve the risk that losses may be exaggerated, potentially losing more money than the actual cost of the investment. By contrast, a loss on a long position arises from decreases in the value of the security and is limited by the fact that a security's value cannot decrease below zero.

**Small Fund Risk**

A smaller fund may not grow to or maintain an economically viable size to achieve investment or trading efficiencies, which may negatively impact performance and/or force the fund to liquidate. Additionally, a smaller fund may be more adversely affected by large purchases or redemptions of fund shares, which can occur at any time and may impact the fund in the same manner as a high volume of purchases or redemptions.

By investing the proceeds received from selling securities short, the Fund could be deemed to be employing a form of leverage, which creates special risks. The use of leverage may increase the Fund's exposure to long security positions and make any change in the Fund's NAV greater than it would be without the use of leverage. This could result in increased volatility of returns. There is no guarantee that any leveraging strategy the Fund employs will be successful during any period in which it is employed.

In times of unusual or adverse market, economic, regulatory or political conditions, the Fund may not be able, fully or partially, to implement its short selling strategy. Periods of unusual or adverse market, economic, regulatory or political conditions generally may exist for as long as six months and, in some cases, much longer. In response to market events, the SEC and regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions may adopt (and in certain cases, have adopted) bans on, and/or reporting requirements for, short sales of certain securities, including short positions on such securities acquired through swaps. Also, there is the risk that the third party to the short sale or short position will not fulfill its contractual obligations, causing a loss to the Fund.

**Sovereign Debt Risk**

Sovereign debt risk is the risk that fixed income instruments issued by sovereign entities may decline in value as a result of default or other adverse credit event resulting from an issuer's inability or unwillingness to make principal or interest payments in a timely fashion. A sovereign entity's failure to make timely payments on its debt can result from many factors, including, without limitation, insufficient foreign (non-U.S.) currency reserves or an inability to sufficiently manage fluctuations in relative currency valuations, an inability or unwillingness to satisfy the demands of creditors and/or relevant supranational entities regarding debt service or economic reforms, the size of the debt burden relative to economic output and tax revenues, cash flow difficulties, and other political and social considerations. The risk of loss to the Fund in the event of a sovereign debt default or other adverse credit event is heightened by the unlikelihood of any formal recourse or means to enforce its rights as a holder of the sovereign debt. In addition, sovereign debt restructurings, which may be shaped by entities and factors beyond the Fund's control, may result in a loss in value of the Fund's sovereign debt holdings.

**Tax Risk**

The Fund invests in derivatives. The federal income tax treatment of a derivative may not be as favorable as a direct investment in an underlying asset. Derivatives may produce taxable income and taxable realized gain. Derivatives may adversely affect the timing, character and amount of income the Fund realizes from its investments. As a result, a larger portion of the Fund's distributions may be treated as ordinary income rather than as capital gains. In addition, certain derivatives are subject to mark-to-market or straddle provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. If such provisions are applicable, there could be an increase (or decrease) in the amount of taxable dividends paid by the Fund. The use of derivatives, such as call options, may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains or otherwise affect the Fund's ability to pay out dividends subject to preferential rates or the dividend deduction, thereby increasing the amount of taxes payable by some shareholders. The writing of call options by the Fund may significantly reduce or eliminate the ability to make distributions eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income or as eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.

To qualify as a regulated investment company ("RIC"), the Fund must meet certain requirements concerning the source of its income. The Fund's investment in its respective Subsidiary is intended to provide exposure to gold in a manner that is consistent with the "qualifying income" requirement applicable to RICs. The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") has ceased issuing private letter rulings regarding whether the use of subsidiaries by investment companies to invest in certain instruments constitutes qualifying income. If the IRS determines that this source of income is not "qualifying income," the Fund may cease to qualify as a RIC because the Fund has not received a private letter ruling and is not able to rely on private letter rulings issued to other taxpayers. Failure to qualify as a RIC could subject the Fund to adverse tax consequences, including a federal income tax on its net income at regular corporate rates, as well as a tax to shareholders on such income when distributed as an ordinary dividend.

**Wholly-Owned Subsidiary Risk:** The respective Subsidiary of the Fund will not be registered under the 1940 Act and, unless otherwise noted in this Prospectus, will not be subject to all of the investor protections of the 1940 Act. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and its Subsidiary, respectively, are organized, could result in the inability of the Fund and/or its Subsidiary to operate as described in this prospectus and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. For example, Cayman Islands law does not currently impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on a Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that a Subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands governmental authority taxes, Fund shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns. By investing in bitcoin-related ETPs indirectly through a Subsidiary, the Fund will obtain exposure to the commodities markets within the federal tax requirements that apply to the Fund. However, because the Subsidiary is a controlled foreign corporation, any income received from its investments will be passed through to the respective Fund as ordinary income, which may be taxed at less favorable rates than capital gains.

**FUND WEBSITE AND DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS**

The Adviser maintains a website for the Fund at www.kurvinvest.com. Among other things, this website includes the Fund's prospectus and Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"), and includes the Fund's holdings, the Fund's last annual and semi-annual reports, pricing information about shares trading on the Exchange, updated performance information, premiums and discounts, and bid/ask spreads. The Fund's semi-annual and annual Form N-CSR contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters, respectively. The Fund prepares a report on Form N-PORT of its portfolio holdings as of the end of each month. The Fund's Form N-CSR is filed with the SEC within 70 days of the end of the reporting period and the Fund's monthly portfolio holdings are filed with the SEC within 60 days after the end of each fiscal quarter. You can find the SEC filings on the SEC's website, www.sec.gov. A summarized description of the Kurv ETF Trust's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of Fund portfolio holdings is available in the Fund's SAI. Information on how to obtain the SAI is listed on the inside back cover of this prospectus.

**FUND MANAGEMENT**

**Adviser**

Kurv Investment Management LLC, located at 1 Letterman Drive, Building C, Suite 3-500, San Francisco, CA 94129 serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser is a Delaware limited liability company formed in 2022 to provide investment advisory services to registered investment companies. In addition, Kurv Investment Management LLC developed the investment strategy for the Fund. Kurv Investment Management LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kurv Investment, Inc.

Subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser is responsible for overseeing the management of the Fund's investments and providing certain administrative services and facilities under an advisory agreement between Kurv ETF Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Adviser (the "Investment Advisory Agreement").

The Adviser also arranges for transfer agency, custody, fund administration and accounting, and other non-distribution related services necessary for the Fund to operate. The Adviser administers the business affairs of the Fund, provides office facilities and equipment and certain clerical, bookkeeping and administrative services, and provides its officers and employees to serve as officers or Trustees of the Trust.

For the services the Adviser provides to the Fund, the Fund pays the Adviser a fee calculated daily and paid monthly based on the Fund's average daily net assets at the following annual rates:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Fund** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Management Fee Annual Rate** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fund | &nbsp;&nbsp;0.99% |

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Under the investment advisory agreement, the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses incurred by the Fund except for the advisory fee, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, extraordinary expenses, and distribution fees and expenses paid by the Fund under any distribution plan adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act ("Excluded Expenses").

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board's approval of the investment advisory agreement with the Adviser will be available in the Fund's Form N-CSR for the fiscal period ending November 30, 2025.

**Portfolio Manager**

Dominique Tersin is responsible for the day-to-day management of each of the Fund. Mr. Tersin is responsible for various functions related to portfolio management, including, but not limited to, investing cash inflows, and overseeing personnel at the Adviser who have more limited responsibilities.

Dominique Tersin has been employed by the Adviser since 2024. Prior to that, Mr. Tersin was a portfolio manager at Pacific Investment Management Company (PIMCO), focusing on short and low-duration portfolios. He also managed enhanced liquidity program firmwide as well as the European ETF trading operations.

The SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers' compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of Fund shares.

**Manager of Managers Structure**

Section 15(a) of the 1940 Act requires that all contracts pursuant to which persons serve as investment advisers to investment companies be approved by shareholders. This requirement also applies to the appointment of sub-advisers to the Fund. Although the Fund is not currently sub-advised, the Trust and the Adviser have obtained exemptive relief from the SEC (the "Order"), that permits the Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees ("Board"), including the approval of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act (the "Independent Trustees"), to change or select new unaffiliated sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval (the "Manager-of-Managers Structure"). This relief also permits the Adviser to materially amend the terms of agreements with an unaffiliated sub-adviser (including an increase in the fee paid by the Adviser to the unaffiliated sub-adviser (and not paid by the Fund)) or to continue the employment of an unaffiliated sub-adviser after an event that would otherwise cause the automatic termination of services with Board approval, but without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified of any unaffiliated sub-adviser changes. The Adviser, subject to the oversight of the Board, has the ultimate responsibility for overseeing a sub-adviser and recommending their hiring, termination and replacement. The Order also provides relief from certain disclosure obligations with regard to sub-advisory fees paid by the Adviser (not the Fund). The Order is subject to various conditions, including that the Fund will notify shareholders and provide them with certain information required by the exemptive order within 90 days of hiring a sub-adviser, any changes made to the sub-adviser or material changes to a sub-advisory agreement. The sole initial shareholder of the Fund approved the Fund's operation under the Manager-of-Managers Structure.

The Manager-of-Managers Structure enables the Trust to operate with greater efficiency by not incurring the expense and delays associated with obtaining shareholder approvals for matters relating to sub-advisers or sub-advisory agreements. Operation of the Fund under the Manager-of-Managers Structure does not permit management fees paid by the Fund to the Adviser to be increased without shareholder approval.

**SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION**

**Determination of NAV**

The NAV per Share for the Fund is computed by dividing the value of the net assets of the Fund (i.e., the value of its total assets less total liabilities) by the total number of Shares outstanding. Expenses and fees, including the management fee, are accrued daily and taken into account for purposes of determining NAV. The NAV of the Fund is determined each business day as of the close of trading (ordinarily 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on the NYSE.

The values of the Fund's portfolio securities are based on the securities' closing prices on their local principal markets, where available. In the absence of a last reported sales price, or if no sales were reported, and for other assets for which market quotes are not readily available, values may be based on quotes obtained from a quotation reporting system, established market makers or by an outside independent pricing service. Prices obtained by an outside independent pricing service use information provided by market makers or estimates of market values obtained from data related to investments or securities with similar characteristics and may use a computerized grid matrix of securities and its evaluations in determining what it believes is the fair value of the portfolio securities. If a market quotation for a security is not readily available or the Adviser believes it does not otherwise accurately reflect the market value of the security at the time the Fund calculates its NAV, the security will be fair valued by the Adviser, as Valuation Designee, in accordance with the Trust's valuation policies and procedures approved by the Board of Trustees of the Trust. The Fund may also use fair value pricing in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to, situations where the value of a security in the Fund's portfolio has been materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which the security is principally traded (such as a corporate action or other news that may materially affect the price of a security) or trading in a security has been suspended or halted. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that a fair value determination for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of the security.

**Buying and Selling Exchange-Traded Shares**

*Authorized Participants*

The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in Creation Units. Only Authorized Participants ("APs") may acquire Shares directly from the Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to the Fund, at NAV. APs must be (i) a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC, a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a Depository Trust Company ("DTC") participant (as discussed below). In addition, each AP must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Transfer Agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.

*Investors*

Individual Fund shares may only be bought and sold by investors including APs in the secondary market through a broker or dealer at a market price. Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.

When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. Because the Fund's shares trade at market prices rather than net asset value, shares may trade at a price greater than net asset value (premium) or less than net asset value (discount). An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase shares of the Fund (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for shares of the Fund (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (the bid-ask spread). Information on the Fund's net asset value, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available on the Fund's website (www.kurvinvest.com).

**Book Entry**

Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. DTC or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.

Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC's participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or "street name" through your brokerage account.

**Continuous Offering**

The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by the Trust on an ongoing basis, a "distribution," as such term is used in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Securities Act"), may occur at any point. Broker dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act.

For example, a broker dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Transfer Agent, breaks them down into constituent Shares, and sells such Shares directly to customers, or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for Shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the Securities Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.

Broker dealers who are not "underwriters" but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted to ordinary secondary trading transactions), and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an "unsold allotment" within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the Securities Act, would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(3) of the Securities Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. As a result, broker dealer firms should note that dealers who are not underwriters but are participating in a distribution (as contrasted with ordinary secondary market transactions) and thus dealing with Shares that are part of an overallotment within the meaning of Section 4(3)(A) of the Securities Act would be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to Shares are reminded that, under Rule 153 of the Securities Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the Securities Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with respect to transactions on an exchange.

In addition, certain affiliates of the Fund and the Adviser may purchase and resell Fund shares pursuant to this Prospectus.

For More Information:

*Existing Shareholders or Prospective Investors*

Kurv ETFs

c/o Foreside Fund Services, LLC

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100

Portland, Maine 04101

*Dealers*

Kurv ETFs

c/o Foreside Fund Services, LLC

Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100

Portland, Maine 04101

**Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares**

The Board has evaluated the risks of frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares ("market timing") activities by the Fund's shareholders. The Board noted that Shares can only be purchased and redeemed directly from the Fund in Creation Units by APs and that the vast majority of trading in Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because the secondary market trades do not involve Fund directly, it is unlikely those trades would cause many of the harmful effects of market timing, including dilution, disruption of portfolio management, increases in the Fund's trading costs and the realization of capital gains.

With respect to trades directly with the Fund, to the extent effected in-kind, those trades do not cause any of the harmful effects (as previously noted) that may result from frequent cash trades. To the extent that the Trust allows or requires trades to be effected in whole or in part in cash, the Board noted that those trades could result in dilution to the Fund and increased transaction costs, which could negatively impact the Fund's ability to achieve its investment objective. However, the Board noted that direct trading by APs is critical to ensuring that Shares trade at or close to NAV. The Fund also employs fair valuation pricing to minimize potential dilution from market timing. The Fund imposes transaction fees on in-kind purchases and redemptions of Shares to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Fund in effecting in-kind trades, these fees increase if an investor substitutes cash in part or in whole for securities, reflecting the fact that the Fund's trading costs increase in those circumstances. Given this structure, the Board determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter market timing of Shares.

**DISTRIBUTIONS**

**Dividends and Distributions**

The Fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Fund expects to declare and distribute all of its net investment income, if any, to shareholders as dividends monthly.

The Fund will distribute net realized capital gains, if any, at least annually. The Fund may distribute such income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either an income dividend or a capital gains distribution.

**Annual Statements**

Each year, you will receive an annual statement (Form 1099) of your account activity to assist you in completing your federal, state and local tax returns. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable as if they were paid in December. The Fund makes every effort to search for reclassified income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to you. However, when necessary, you will receive a corrected Form 1099 to reflect reclassified information.

**Avoid "Buying a Dividend"**

At the time you purchase your Shares, the price of Shares may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation in value of portfolio securities held by the Fund. For taxable investors, a subsequent distribution to you of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable. Buying Shares in the Fund just before it declares an income dividend or capital gains distribution is sometimes known as "buying a dividend."

**Dividend Reinvestment Service**

Brokers may make available the Depository Trust Company book-entry dividend reinvestment service to their customers who own Fund Shares. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and capital gains will automatically be reinvested in additional whole Shares of the Fund purchased on the secondary market. Without this service, investors would receive their distributions in cash. To determine whether the dividend reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker. Brokers may require Fund shareholders to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares of the Fund purchased in the secondary market.

**TAX INFORMATION**

**Tax Considerations**

As with any investment, you should consider how your Fund investment will be taxed. The tax information in this Prospectus is provided as general information. You should consult your own tax professional about the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund, including the possible application of foreign, state and local taxes. Unless your investment in the Fund is through a tax-exempt entity or tax-deferred retirement account, such as a 401(k) plan, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when: (i) the Fund makes distributions, (ii) you sell Shares in the secondary market or (iii) you create or redeem Creation Units.

**Taxes on Distributions**

For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are determined by how long the Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Shares. Sales of assets held by the Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by the Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of the Fund's net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends ("Capital Gain Dividends") will be taxable as long-term capital gains, which for non-corporate shareholders are subject to tax at reduced rates of up to 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets). Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.

Distributions reported by the Fund as "qualified dividend income" are generally taxed to noncorporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided holding period and other requirements are met. "Qualified dividend income" generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that the Fund received in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market.

U.S. individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on all or a portion of their "net investment income," which includes interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gains distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders, such as estates and trusts, whose gross income as adjusted or modified for tax purposes exceeds certain threshold amounts.

In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares' NAV when you purchased your Shares).

You may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment. Distributions in excess of the Fund's current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax- free return of your investment to the extent of your basis in the Shares, and generally as capital gain thereafter. A return of capital, which for tax purposes is treated as a return of your investment, reduces your basis in Shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition of Shares. A distribution will reduce the Fund's NAV per Share and may be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gain even though, from an economic standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of capital.

If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by the Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% unless a lower treaty rate applies. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an "interest-related dividend" or a "short-term capital gain dividend," which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met.

The Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and sale or redemption proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that he, she or it is not subject to such withholding.

Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the character of any distributions received from the Fund.

**Taxes When Shares are Sold on the Exchange**

Any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long- term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.

**Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units**

An Authorized Participant having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging Authorized Participant's aggregate basis in the securities delivered plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An Authorized Participant who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging Authorized Participant's basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing "wash sales" (for an Authorized Participant who does not mark-to-market their holdings), or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.

Any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less.

***The information in this section "Tax Information" is not intended or written to be used as tax advice. Because everyone's tax situation is unique, you should consult your tax professional about federal, state, local or foreign tax consequences before making an investment in the Fund.***

**PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION**

Information regarding how often Shares of the Fund traded on the Exchange at a price above (i.e., at a premium) or below (i.e., at a discount) the NAV of the Fund during the past four calendar quarters, or since inception, as applicable, can be found at the Fund's website at <u>www.kurvinvest.com</u>.

**FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS**

Because the Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this Prospectus, no financial highlights information is available.

**KURV ETF**

**Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;*Investment Adviser*<br> Kurv Investment Management LLC<br> 1 Letterman Drive, Building C, Suite 3-500<br> San Francisco, CA 94129 | &nbsp;&nbsp;*Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*<br> [_____] |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;*Distributor*<br> Foreside Fund Services, LLC <br> Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 <br> Portland, Maine 04101  | &nbsp;&nbsp;*Transfer Agent*<br> U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC<br> 615 East Michigan Street}<br> Milwaukee, WI 53202 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;*Custodian*<br> U.S. Bank, N.A.<br> 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive, MK-WI-S302<br> Milwaukee, WI 53212 | &nbsp;&nbsp;*Legal Counsel*<br> Alston & Bird LLP<br> 950 F Street, NW. <br> Washington DC, 20004 |

---

**DISCLAIMERS**

Shares of the Trust are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the Shares of the Fund. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated in, the determination of the timing of, prices of, or quantities of the Shares of the Fund to be issued, or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which the Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the Shares of the Fund in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of the Shares of the Fund. Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.

**ADDITIONAL INFORMATION**

The Fund's SAI provides additional details about the investments of the Fund and certain other additional information. A current SAI is on file with the SEC and is herein incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.

**Annual/Semi-Annual Reports:** Additional information about the Fund's investments will be available in the Fund's annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance. during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund's annual and semi-annual financial statements.

To make shareholder inquiries, for more detailed information on the Fund, or to request the SAI or annual or semi-annual shareholder reports free of charge, please call 1-888-719-KURV (5878). Free copies of the Fund's shareholder reports, Prospectus, and the Statement of Additional Information are also available from our website at www.kurvinvest.com.

Shareholder reports and other information about the Fund are also available, free of charge, on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov and copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

No person is authorized to give any information or to make any representations about the Fund and its Shares not contained in this Prospectus and you should not rely on any other information. Read and keep this Prospectus for future reference.

Investment Company Act File No. 811-23473.

**The information in this statement of additional information is not complete and may be changed. A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The securities described herein may not be sold until the registration statement becomes effective. This statement of additional information is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities and is not offering or soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state in which the offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful.**

**SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED NOVEMBER 14, 2025**

**KURV ETF TRUST**

**STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION**

**Dated January [__], 2026**

This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus, and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of Kurv ETF Trust ("Trust") dated January [__], 2026, (the "Prospectus") for the following series of the Trust (the "Fund"), as it may be supplemented from time to time:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Fund** | **Ticker** <br> **Symbol** | **Listing Exchange**  |
| Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF | [____] | Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc. |

---

A copy of the Fund's Prospectus, SAI, Annual Report, and Semi-Annual Report may be obtained without charge by writing to the Trust or the Trust's Administrator, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the "Administrator"), located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202 or by calling 1-833-595-KURV (5878).

References to the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or other applicable law, will include any rules promulgated thereunder and any guidance, interpretations or modifications by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, including court interpretations, and exemptive, no action or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **<u>Page</u>** |
| [GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST](#kurv485aposb001) | 2 |
| [INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS](#kurv485aposb002) | 2 |
| [INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS AND POLICIES](#kurv485aposb003) | 37 |
| [BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE TRUST](#kurv485aposb004) | 39 |
| [MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS](#kurv485aposb005) | 46 |
| [PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE](#kurv485aposb006) | 50 |
| [QUARTERLY PORTFOLIO SCHEDULE](#kurv485aposb007) | 50 |
| [CODE OF ETHICS](#kurv485aposb008) | 51 |
| [PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES](#kurv485aposb009) | 51 |
| [BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS](#kurv485aposb010) | 51 |
| [EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING](#kurv485aposb011) | 54 |
| [BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM](#kurv485aposb012) | 54 |
| [CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS](#kurv485aposb013) | 56 |
| [DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE](#kurv485aposb014) | 64 |
| [DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS](#kurv485aposb015) | 66 |
| [CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS](#kurv485aposb016) | 66 |
| [TAXES](#kurv485aposb017) | 66 |
| [CAPITAL STOCK](#kurv485aposb018) | 84 |
| [SHAREHOLDER REPORTS](#kurv485aposb019) | 84 |
| [FINANCIAL STATEMENTS](#kurv485aposb020) | 84 |
| [APPENDIX A: KURV INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC PROXY VOTING/CLASS ACTION LITIGATION POLICY](#kurv485aposb021) | 85 |

---

**GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST**

The Trust is an open-end management investment company. The Trust consists of 14 separate investment portfolios, with the following Kurv Precious Metal ETF being described in this SAI:

● Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF (the "Fund")

The remaining series are described in separate SAIs.

The Fund is a non-diversified management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (together with the rules and regulations adopted thereunder, as amended, the "1940 Act"). The Fund is actively managed. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on July 2, 2019. The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the "Board"). The offering of the Fund's shares ("Shares") is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). Kurv Investment Management LLC (the "Adviser") is the investment adviser to the Fund.

The Fund offers and issues Shares at their net asset value ("NAV") only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares (each, a "Creation Unit"), generally in exchange for a basket of securities (the "Deposit Securities") together with a deposit of a specified cash payment (the "Cash Component"). Alternatively, the Fund may also issue and redeem Creation Units in exchange for a specified all-cash payment ("Deposit Cash"). The Fund's shares are listed on the exchange indicated above (the "Exchange") and trade on the Exchange at market prices that may differ from the Shares' NAV. Shares are also redeemable only in Creation Unit aggregations, primarily for a basket of Deposit Securities together with a Cash Component. As a practical matter, only institutions or large investors purchase or redeem Creation Units. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not redeemable securities.

Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions, including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Fund cash at least equal to a specified percentage of the value of the missing Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash (collectively, the "Fund Deposit"), as set forth in the Participant Agreement (as defined below). The Fund may impose a transaction fee for each creation or redemption. In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities. As in the case of other publicly traded securities, brokers' commissions on transactions in the secondary market will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.

**INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RISKS**

A discussion of the risks associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the Prospectus under the headings "Summary Information—Principal Investment Strategies of the Fund" with respect to the applicable Fund, "Summary Information—Principal Risks of Investing in the Fund" with respect to the applicable Fund and "Additional Information About the Fund's Investment Strategies and Risks." The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, such sections of the Prospectus.

**General Considerations and Risks**

An investment in the Fund should be made with an understanding that the value of the Fund's portfolio securities may fluctuate in accordance with changes in the financial condition of the issuers of the portfolio securities, the value of securities generally and other factors.

The existence of a liquid trading market for certain securities may depend on whether dealers will make a market in such securities. There can be no assurance that a market will be made or maintained or that any such market will be or remain liquid. The price at which securities may be sold and the value of the Fund's Shares will be adversely affected if trading markets for the Fund's portfolio securities are limited or absent or if bid/ask spreads are wide.

The Adviser, on behalf of the Fund, will file with the National Futures Association ("NFA") a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" ("CPO") under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended ("CEA"), and the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") promulgated thereunder, with respect to the Fund's operations. Therefore, the Fund and the Adviser are not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool or CPO under the CEA. If the Fund becomes subject to these requirements, as well as related NFA rules, the Fund may incur additional compliance and other expenses.

**Active Management Risk**

The Fund is actively managed, which means that investment decisions are made based on investment views. There is no guarantee that the investment views will produce the desired results or expected returns, which may cause the Fund to fail to meet its investment objective or to underperform its benchmark index or funds with similar investment objectives and strategies. Furthermore, active trading that can accompany active management may result in high portfolio turnover, which may have a negative impact on performance. Active trading may result in higher brokerage costs or mark-up charges, which are ultimately passed on to shareholders of the Fund. Active trading may also result in adverse tax consequences.

**Authorized Participant Concentration**

Only an Authorized Participant (as defined in the Creations and Redemptions section of the Fund's prospectus) may engage in creation or redemption transactions directly with the Fund. The Fund has a limited number of institutions that act as Authorized Participants. To the extent that these institutions exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders with respect to the Fund and no other Authorized Participant is able to step forward to create or redeem Creation Units, Fund Shares may trade at a discount to NAV and possibly face trading halts and/or delisting.

**Borrowing**

The Fund may borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, as interpreted or modified by regulation from time to time. This means that, in general, the Fund may borrow money from banks for any purpose in an amount up to 1/3 of the Fund's total assets. The Fund also may borrow money for temporary administrative purposes in an amount not to exceed 5% of the Fund's total assets.

Specifically, provisions of the 1940 Act require the Fund to maintain continuous asset coverage (that is, total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the Fund's total assets made for temporary purposes. Any borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of the Fund's total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or other reasons, the Fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three (3) days (not including Sundays and holidays) to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.

Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on the Fund's NAV of any increase or decrease in the market value of the Fund's portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by appreciation of the securities purchased. In addition, the Fund may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with such borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

**Collateral Securities Risk**

Some of the Fund's assets may be allocated to Collateral that may include but are not limited to bills, notes, bonds, and other obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities, money market instruments and corporate debt securities, such as commercial paper. Securities issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or authorities and U.S. government-sponsored instrumentalities or enterprises may or may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Although the Fund may hold securities guaranteed by the U.S. government guarantees, such guarantees do not extend to shares of the Fund and only apply to the timely payment of interest and principal when held to maturity. U.S. government securities are subject to market risk, interest rate risk, and credit risk. To the extent that the Fund invests in money market instruments, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Fund would bear its pro rata portion of such money market funds' management fees and other expenses. It is possible to lose money by investing in money market instruments. If the Fund invests in corporate debt securities the value of an investment in the Fund will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of debt securities. In general, the market price of debt securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Corporate debt securities carry other risk factors such as credit risk (the debtor may default) and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). Some corporate debt securities that are rated below investment-grade or "junk" generally are considered speculative and may be particularly susceptible to economic downturns, adverse financial conditions and the issuer's failure to make timely interest and principal payments.

**Concentration Risk**

The Fund's net asset value may fluctuate more than that of the Fund that does not concentrate in a particular industry or group of industries.

**Costs of Buying or Selling Shares Risk**

Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors will also incur the cost of the difference between the price that an investor is willing to pay for Shares (the "bid" price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the "ask" price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the "spread" or "bid/ask spread." The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if the Fund's Shares have more trading volume and market liquidity and higher if the Fund's Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

**Counterparty Risk**

The Fund may invest in financial instruments involving counterparties for the purpose of attempting to gain exposure to a particular group of securities, index or asset class without actually purchasing those securities or investments, or to hedge a position. Such financial instruments may include, among others, total return, index, interest rate, and credit default swap agreements. The use of swap agreements and similar instruments exposes the Fund to risks that are different than those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. For example, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. If a counterparty defaults on its payment obligations to the Fund, this default will cause the value of your investment in the Fund to decrease. In addition, the Fund may enter into swap agreements with a limited number of counterparties, which may increase the Fund's exposure to counterparty credit risk. Similarly, if the credit quality of an issuer or guarantor of a debt instrument improves, this change may adversely affect the value of the Fund's investment.

**Credit Risk**

Credit risk is the risk that the Fund could lose money if an issuer or guarantor of a debt instrument becomes unwilling or unable to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise meet its obligations. The Fund is also subject to the risk that its investment in a debt instrument could decline because of concerns about the issuer's credit quality or perceived financial condition. Fixed income securities are subject to varying degrees of credit risk, which are sometimes reflected in credit ratings.

**Cybersecurity and Disaster Recovery Risks**

In connection with the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform necessary business functions, the Fund is susceptible to operational, information security, and related risks due to the possibility of cyber-attacks or other incidents. Cyber incidents may result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code, gaining unauthorized access to systems, networks, or devices that are used to service the Fund's operations through hacking or other means for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks (which can make a website unavailable) on the Fund's website. In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on the Fund's systems.

Cybersecurity failures or breaches by the Fund's third party service providers (including, but not limited to, the adviser, distributor, custodian, transfer agent, and financial intermediaries) may cause disruptions and impact the service providers' and the Fund's business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the mutual funds to process transactions, inability to calculate the Fund's net asset value, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of successful cyber-attacks against, or security breakdowns of, the Fund or its third-party service providers.

The Fund may incur substantial costs to prevent or address cyber incidents in the future. In addition, there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. Furthermore, the Fund cannot directly control any cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by third party service providers. Cybersecurity risks are also present for issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Fund's investment in such securities to lose value.

**Derivatives Risk**

Derivatives are financial instruments whose values are based on the value of one or more indicators, such as a security, asset, currency, interest rate, or index. The Fund's use of derivatives involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional investments. Moreover, although the value of a derivative is based on an underlying indicator, a derivative does not carry the same rights as would be the case if the Fund invested directly in the underlying securities.

The SEC adopted new regulations governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies ("Rule 18f-4"). Rule 18f-4 imposes limits on the amount of derivatives the Fund can enter into, treats derivatives as senior securities and if the Fund's use of derivatives is more than a limited specified exposure amount, requires the Fund to establish and maintain a comprehensive derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager.

<u>Tax Risk of Derivatives</u>

The Fund may invest in derivatives. The federal income tax treatment of a derivative may not be as favorable as a direct investment in an underlying asset. Derivatives may produce taxable income and taxable realized gain. Derivatives may adversely affect the timing, character and amount of income the Fund realizes from its investments. As a result, a larger portion of the Fund's distributions may be treated as ordinary income rather than as capital gains. In addition, certain derivatives are subject to mark-to market or straddle provisions of the Code. If such provisions are applicable, there could be an increase (or decrease) in the amount of taxable dividends paid by the Fund.

**Distribution Risk**

As part of the Fund's investment objective, the Fund seeks to provide current monthly income. There is no assurance that the Fund will make a distribution in any given month. If the Fund does make distributions, the amounts of such distributions will likely vary greatly from one distribution to the next. Additionally, the monthly distributions, if any, may consist of returns of capital, which would decrease the Fund's NAV and trading price over time. As a result, an investor may suffer significant losses to their investment.

**Exchange-Traded Product Risk**

The Fund invests ETPs. Through its positions in ETPs, the Fund generally will be subject to the risks associated with such vehicle's investments, or reference assets/benchmark components in the case of ETNs, including the possibility that the value of the securities or instruments held by or linked to an ETP could decrease. Certain of the ETPs may hold common portfolio positions, thereby reducing any diversification benefits. The majority of the ETPs in which the Fund invests are pooled investment vehicles that are not registered pursuant to the 1940 Act and, therefore, are not subject to the regulatory scheme of the 1940 Act including the investor protections afforded by the 1940 Act. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will purchase shares of or interest in ETPs in the secondary market. When the Fund invests in an ETP (except an ETN), in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it also will bear a pro rata portion of the ETP's expenses (including operating costs and management fees). Because ETNs are debt securities and not pools of securities, the Fund pays a specific investor fee for its investments in ETNs. Consequently, an investment in the Fund entails more direct and indirect expenses than a direct investment in an ETP.

**Fixed Income Securities**

The Fund may invest in fixed income securities. The market value of fixed income investments will change in response to interest rate changes and other factors. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of outstanding fixed income securities generally rise. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the values of such securities generally decline. Moreover, while securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields, the prices of longer maturity securities are also subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. Changes by recognized agencies in the rating of any fixed income security and in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of these securities will not necessarily affect cash income derived from these securities but will affect an investing Fund's NAV. Additional information regarding fixed income securities is described below.

<u>Duration</u>

Duration is a measure of the expected change in value of a fixed income security for a given change in interest rates. For example, if interest rates changed by one percent, the value of a security having an effective duration of two years generally would vary by two percent. Duration takes the length of the time intervals between the present time and time that the interest and principal payments are scheduled, or in the case of a callable bond, expected to be received, and weighs them by the present values of the cash to be received at each future point in time.

<u>Creditor Liability and Participation on Creditors' Committees</u>

Generally, when the Fund holds bonds or other similar fixed income securities of an issuer, the Fund becomes a creditor of the issuer. If the Fund is a creditor of an issuer it, may be subject to challenges related to the securities that it holds, either in connection with the bankruptcy of the issuer or in connection with another action brought by other creditors of the issuer, shareholders of the issuer or the issuer itself. The Fund may from time to time participate on committees formed by creditors to negotiate with the management of financially troubled issuers of securities held by the Fund. Such participation may subject the Fund to expenses such as legal fees and may make the Fund an "insider" of the issuer for purposes of the federal securities laws, and therefore may restrict the Fund's ability to trade in or acquire additional positions in a particular security when it might otherwise desire to do so. Participation by the Fund on such committees also may expose the Fund to potential liabilities under the federal bankruptcy laws or other laws governing the rights of creditors and debtors. The Fund will participate on such committees only when its Adviser believes that such participation is necessary or desirable to enforce the Fund's rights as a creditor or to protect the value of securities held by the Fund. Further, the Adviser has the authority to represent the Trust, or its Fund, on creditors' committees or similar committees and generally with respect to challenges related to the securities held by the Fund relating to the bankruptcy of an issuer or in connection with another action brought by other creditors of the issuer, shareholders of the issuer or the issuer itself.

<u>Variable and Floating Rate Securities</u>

Variable and floating rate instruments involve certain obligations that may carry variable or floating rates of interest, and may involve a conditional or unconditional demand feature. Such instruments bear interest at rates which are not fixed, but which vary with changes in specified market rates or indices. The interest rates on these securities may be reset daily, weekly, quarterly, or some other reset period, and may have a set floor or ceiling on interest rate changes. There is a risk that the current interest rate on such obligations may not accurately reflect existing market interest rates. A demand instrument with a demand notice exceeding seven days may be considered illiquid if there is no secondary market for such security.

<u>Bank Obligations</u>

Bank obligations may include certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, and fixed time deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third-party, although there is no market for such deposits. The Fund will not invest in fixed time deposits which (1) are not subject to prepayment or (2) provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits) if, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in such deposits, repurchase agreements with remaining maturities of more than seven days and other illiquid assets. Subject to the Trust's limitation on concentration, as described in the "Investment Restrictions" section below, there is no limitation on the amount of the Fund's assets which may be invested in obligations of foreign banks which meet the conditions set forth herein.

Obligations of foreign banks involve somewhat different investment risks than those affecting obligations of U.S. banks, including the possibilities that their liquidity could be impaired because of future political and economic developments, that their obligations may be less marketable than comparable obligations of U.S. banks, that a foreign jurisdiction might impose withholding taxes on interest income payable on those obligations, that foreign deposits may be seized or nationalized, that foreign governmental restrictions such as exchange controls may be adopted which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on those obligations and that the selection of those obligations may be more difficult because there may be less publicly available information concerning foreign banks or the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements applicable to foreign banks may differ from those applicable to United States banks. Foreign banks are not generally subject to examination by any United States Government agency or instrumentality.

<u>Debt Securities</u>

Fixed income securities are debt securities. A debt security is a security consisting of a certificate or other evidence of a debt (secured or unsecured) on which the issuing company or governmental body promises to pay the holder thereof a fixed, variable, or floating rate of interest for a specified length of time, and to repay the debt on the specified maturity date, as discussed above. Some debt securities, such as zero coupon bonds, do not make regular interest payments but are issued at a discount to their principal or maturity value. Debt securities include a variety of fixed income obligations, including, but not limited to, corporate debt securities, government securities, municipal securities, convertible securities, and mortgage-backed securities. Debt securities include investment-grade securities, non-investment-grade securities, and unrated securities. Debt securities are subject to a variety of risks, such as interest rate risk, income risk, call/prepayment risk, inflation risk, credit risk, and currency risk.

<u>Corporate Debt Securities</u>

The Fund may invest in corporate debt securities representative of one or more high yield bond or credit derivative indices, which may change from time to time. Selection will generally be dependent on independent credit analysis or fundamental analysis performed by the Adviser. The Fund may invest in all grades of corporate debt securities, including below investment-grade securities, as discussed below. See Appendix A for a description of corporate bond ratings. The Fund also may invest in unrated securities.

Corporate debt securities are typically fixed-income securities issued by businesses to finance their operations. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most common types of corporate debt securities. The primary differences between the different types of corporate debt securities are their maturities and secured or unsecured status. Commercial paper has the shortest term and is usually unsecured. The broad category of corporate debt securities includes debt issued by domestic or foreign companies of all kinds, including those with small-, mid- and large-capitalizations. Corporate debt may be rated investment-grade or below investment-grade and may carry variable or floating rates of interest.

Because of the wide range of types, and maturities, of corporate debt securities, as well as the range of creditworthiness of its issuers, corporate debt securities have widely varying potentials for return and risk profiles. For example, commercial paper issued by a large established domestic corporation that is rated investment-grade may have a modest return on principal, but carries relatively limited risk. On the other hand, a long-term corporate note issued by a small foreign corporation from an emerging market country that has not been rated may have the potential for relatively large returns on principal, but carries a relatively high degree of risk.

Corporate debt securities carry both credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the risk that the Fund could lose money if the issuer of a corporate debt security is unable to pay interest or repay principal when it is due. Some corporate debt securities that are rated below investment-grade are generally considered speculative because they present a greater risk of loss, including default, than higher quality debt securities. The credit risk of a particular issuer's debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (senior) debt securities have a higher priority than lower-ranking (subordinated) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of higher-ranking senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of more junior securities. Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of certain corporate debt securities will tend to fall when interest rates rise. In general, corporate debt securities with longer terms tend to fall more in value when interest rates rise than corporate debt securities with shorter terms.

<u>Below Investment-Grade Debt Securities</u>

The Fund may invest in below investment-grade securities. Below investment-grade securities, also referred to as "high yield securities" or "junk bonds," are debt securities that are rated lower than the four highest rating categories by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (for example, lower than Baa3 by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. or ("Moody's") lower than BBB- by Standard & Poor's ("S&P")) or are determined to be of comparable quality by the Fund's Adviser. These securities are generally considered to be, on balance, predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation, and will generally involve more credit risk than securities in the investment-grade categories. Investment in these securities generally provides greater income and increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and principal and income risk.

Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of investment-grade securities. Thus, reliance on credit ratings in making investment decisions entails greater risks for high yield securities than for investment-grade debt securities. The success of the Fund's adviser in managing high yield securities is more dependent upon its own credit analysis than is the case with investment-grade securities.

Some high yield securities are issued by smaller, less-seasoned companies, while others are issued as part of a corporate restructuring, such as an acquisition, merger, or leveraged buyout. Companies that issue high yield securities are often highly leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional methods of financing. Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case with investment-grade securities. Some high yield securities were once rated as investment-grade but have been downgraded to junk bond status because of financial difficulties experienced by their issuers.

The market values of high yield securities tend to reflect individual issuer developments to a greater extent than do investment-grade securities, which in general react to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. High yield securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than are investment-grade securities. A projection of an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in junk bond prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If an issuer of high yield securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, the Fund investing in such securities may incur additional expenses to seek recovery.

The secondary market on which high yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the ability of the Fund to sell a high yield security or the price at which the Fund could sell a high yield security, and could adversely affect the daily NAV of fund shares. When secondary markets for high yield securities are less liquid than the market for investment-grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available.

The Fund will not necessarily dispose of a security if a credit-rating agency downgrades the rating of the security below its rating at the time of purchase. However, the Adviser will monitor the investment to determine whether continued investment in the security is in the best interest of shareholders.

**Fluctuation of Net Asset Value**

The net asset value ("NAV") of the Fund's Shares will generally fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund's holdings. The market prices of the Shares will generally fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV as well as the relative supply and demand for Shares on the Exchange. The Adviser cannot predict whether the Shares will trade below, at or above the NAV of the Shares of the Fund. Price differences may be due, in large part, to the fact that supply and demand forces at work in the secondary trading market for the Shares will be closely related to, but not identify to, the same forces influencing the prices of the stocks of the Fund's Index trading individually or in the aggregate at any point in time.

**Foreign Securities**

An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in portfolios of equity securities traded on non-U.S. exchanges. These risks include market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments and changes in interest rates and perceived trends in stock prices. Investing in securities issued by issuers domiciled in countries other than the domicile of the investor and denominated in currencies other than an investor's local currency entails certain considerations and risks not typically encountered by the investor in making investments in its home country and in that country's currency. These considerations include favorable or unfavorable changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations and the costs that may be incurred in connection with conversions between various currencies. Investing in the Fund also involves certain risks and considerations not typically associated with investing in the Fund whose portfolio contains exclusively securities of U.S. issuers. These risks include generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; less publicly available information about issuers; the imposition of withholding or other taxes; the imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets of the Fund; higher transaction and custody costs; delays and risks attendant in settlement procedures; difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations; lower liquidity and significantly smaller market capitalization; different accounting and disclosure standards; lower levels of regulation of the securities markets; more substantial government interference with the economy; higher rates of inflation; greater social, economic, and political uncertainty; the risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets; and the risk of war.

 <u>ADRs, GDRs and EDRs</u>

The Fund may purchase equity securities of non-U.S. issuers. To the extent the Fund invests in equity securities of non-U.S. issuers, certain of the Fund's investments in such securities may be in the form of American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") and European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs") (collectively, "Depositary Receipts"). Depositary Receipts are receipts, typically issued by a bank or trust issuer, which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution and the underlying securities are issued by a non-U.S. issuer. For other forms of Depositary Receipts, the depository may be a non-U.S. or a U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may be issued by a non-U.S. or a U.S. issuer. Depositary Receipts are not necessarily denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs, issued in registered form, are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, and EDRs, issued in bearer form, are designed for use in European securities markets. GDRs are tradable both in the United States and in Europe and are designed for use throughout the world.

<u>Emerging Markets</u>

Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to greater risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include: (i) less social, political, and economic stability; (ii) greater illiquidity and price volatility due to smaller or limited local capital markets for such securities, or low or non-existent trading volumes; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) local governments may decide to seize or confiscate securities held by foreign investors and/or local governments may decide to suspend or limit an issuer's ability to make dividend or interest payments; (v) local governments may limit or entirely restrict repatriation of invested capital, profits, and dividends; (vi) capital gains may be subject to local taxation, including on a retroactive basis; (vii) issuers facing restrictions on dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (viii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (ix) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (x) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities, and (xi) lax financial reporting on a regular basis, substandard disclosure and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer.

Emerging market securities markets are typically marked by a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of ownership of such securities by a limited number of investors. In addition, brokerage and other costs associated with transactions in emerging market securities markets can be higher, sometimes significantly, than similar costs incurred in securities markets in developed countries. Although some emerging markets have become more established and tend to issue securities of higher credit quality, the markets for securities in other emerging market countries are in the earliest stages of their development, and these countries issue securities across the credit spectrum. Even the markets for relatively widely traded securities in emerging market countries may not be able to absorb, without price disruptions, a significant increase in trading volume or trades of a size customarily undertaken by institutional investors in the securities markets of developed countries. The limited size of many of these securities markets can cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, prices may be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions in these markets. Additionally, market making and arbitrage activities are generally less extensive in such markets, which may contribute to increased volatility and reduced liquidity of such markets. The limited liquidity of emerging market securities may also affect the Fund's ability to accurately value its portfolio securities or to acquire or dispose of securities at the price and time it wishes to do so or in order to meet redemption requests.

Many emerging market countries suffer from uncertainty and corruption in their legal frameworks. Legislation may be difficult to interpret and laws may be too new to provide any precedential value. Laws regarding foreign investment and private property may be weak or non-existent. Sudden changes in governments may result in policies that are less favorable to investors such as policies designed to expropriate or nationalize "sovereign" assets. Certain emerging market countries in the past have expropriated large amounts of private property, in many cases with little or no compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future.

Investment in the securities markets of certain emerging market countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions may limit the Fund's investment in certain emerging market countries and may increase the expenses of the Fund. Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer's outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals.

Many emerging market countries lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political and social instability among emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation; and (v) imposition of trade barriers.

The Fund's income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the emerging market countries in which it invests, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates.

Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain of these emerging markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions.

In the past, certain governments in emerging market countries have become overly reliant on the international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which in the past have caused huge budget deficits. Often, interest payments have become too overwhelming for a government to meet, representing a large percentage of total GDP. These foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and served as fuel for political parties of the opposition, which pressure the government not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for, among other things, social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, foreign governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their loan and/or bond obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments or have defaulted. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by foreign governments and corporations domiciled in those countries and have negatively affected not only their cost of borrowing, but their ability to borrow in the future as well.

**Foreign Currencies**

The Fund may invest directly and indirectly in foreign currencies. The Fund may conduct foreign currency transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) or forward basis (i.e., by entering into forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies). Currency transactions made on a spot basis are for cash at the spot rate prevailing in the currency exchange market for buying or selling currency. Although foreign exchange dealers generally do not charge a fee for such conversions, they do realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the counterparty desire to resell that currency to the dealer. When used for hedging purposes, forward currency contracts tend to limit any potential gain that may be realized if the value of the Fund's foreign holdings increases because of currency fluctuations.

Investments in foreign currencies are subject to numerous risks, not the least of which is the fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates with respect to the U.S. dollar. Exchange rates fluctuate for a number of reasons.

● **Inflation**. Exchange rates change to reflect changes in a currency's buying power. Different countries experience different inflation rates due to different monetary and fiscal policies, different product and labor market conditions, and a host of other factors.

● **Trade Deficits**. Countries with trade deficits tend to experience a depreciating currency. Inflation may be the cause of a trade deficit, making a country's goods more expensive and less competitive and so reducing demand for its currency.

● **Interest Rates**. High interest rates may raise currency values in the short term by making such currencies more attractive to investors. However, since high interest rates are often the result of high inflation, long-term results may be the opposite.

● **Budget Deficits and Low Savings Rates**. Countries that run large budget deficits and save little of their national income tend to suffer a depreciating currency because they are forced to borrow abroad to finance their deficits. Payments of interest on this debt can inundate the currency markets with the currency of the debtor nation. Budget deficits also can indirectly contribute to currency depreciation if a government chooses inflationary measures to cope with its deficits and debts.

● **Political Factors**. Political instability in a country can cause a currency to depreciate. Demand for a certain currency may fall if a country appears a less desirable place in which to invest and do business.

● **Government Control**. Through their own buying and selling of currencies, the world's central banks sometimes manipulate exchange rate movements. In addition, governments occasionally issue statements to influence people's expectations about the direction of exchange rates, or they may instigate policies with an exchange rate target as the goal. The value of the Fund's investments is calculated in U.S. dollars each day that the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open for business. As a result, to the extent that the Fund's assets are invested in instruments denominated in foreign currencies and the currencies appreciate relative to the U.S. dollar, the Fund's NAV as expressed in U.S. dollars (and, therefore, the value of your investment) should increase. If the U.S. dollar appreciates relative to the other currencies, the opposite should occur. The currency-related gains and losses experienced by the Fund will be based on changes in the value of portfolio securities attributable to currency fluctuations only in relation to the original purchase price of such securities as stated in U.S. dollars. Gains or losses on Shares of the Fund will be based on changes attributable to fluctuations in the NAV of such Shares, expressed in U.S. dollars, in relation to the original U.S. dollar purchase price of the Shares. The amount of appreciation or depreciation in the Fund's assets also will be affected by the net investment income generated by the money market instruments in which the Fund invests and by changes in the value of the securities that are unrelated to changes in currency exchange rates.

The Fund may incur currency exchange costs when it sells instruments denominated in one currency and buys instruments denominated in another.

**Forward Contract Risk**

Forward contracts involve the purchase or sale of a specific quantity of a government security at a specified price, with delivery and settlement at a specified future date. Forward contracts, unlike futures contracts, are not traded on exchanges and are not standardized; rather, banks and dealers act as principals in these markets, negotiating each transaction on an individual basis. The principals who deal in the forward markets are not required to continue to make markets in the currencies or commodities they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity, sometimes of significant duration. There have been periods during which certain participants in these markets have refused to quote prices for certain currencies or commodities or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they were prepared to buy and that at which they were prepared to sell.

**Futures and Options**

The Fund may enter into futures contracts and options that are traded on a U.S. or non-U.S. exchange. The Fund will not use futures or options for speculative purposes. The Fund may enter into certain equity, index and currency futures transactions, as well as other futures transactions that become available in the markets. By using such futures contracts, the Fund may obtain exposure to certain equities, indexes and currencies without actually investing in such instruments. Index futures may be based on broad indices, such as the S&P 500 Index, or narrower indices.

<u>Risk of Futures and Options</u>

There are several risks accompanying the utilization of futures contracts and options on futures contracts. A position in futures contracts and options on futures contracts may be closed only on the exchange on which the contract was made (or a linked exchange). While the Fund plans to utilize futures contracts only if an active market exists for such contracts, there is no guarantee that a liquid market will exist for the contract at a specified time. In the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, the Fund may be required to deliver the instruments underlying the futures contracts it has sold.

The risk of loss in trading futures contracts or uncovered call options in some strategies (e.g., selling uncovered stock index futures contracts) is potentially unlimited. The Fund does not plan to use futures and options contracts in this way. The risk of a futures position may still be large as traditionally measured due to the low margin deposits required. In many cases, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor relative to the size of a required margin deposit. The Fund, however, intend to utilize futures and options contracts in a manner designed to limit their risk exposure to levels comparable to a direct investment in the types of stocks in which they invest.

There is a risk of loss by the Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Fund has an open position in a futures contract. The assets of the Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM's customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, the Fund is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Fund's assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM's other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty.

There is also the risk of loss of margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of a broker with whom the Fund has an open position in the futures contract or option. The purchase of put or call options will be based upon predictions by the Adviser as to anticipated trends, which predictions could prove to be incorrect.

Because the futures market generally imposes less burdensome margin requirements than the securities market, an increased amount of participation by speculators in the futures market could result in price fluctuations. Certain financial futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount by which the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. In the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin.

<u>Call Writing Strategy Risks</u>

The path dependency (i.e., the continued use) of the Fund's call writing strategy will impact the extent that the Fund participates in the positive price returns of the underlying stock and, in turn, the Fund's returns, both during the term of the sold call options and over longer time periods. If, for example, each month the Fund were to sell 7% out-of-the-money call options having a one-month term, the Fund's participation in the positive price returns of the underlying stock will be capped at 7% in any given month. However, over a longer period (e.g., 5 months), the Fund should not be expected to participate fully in the first 35% (i.e., 5 months x 7%) of the positive price returns of the underlying stock, or the Fund may even lose money, even if the underlying stock share price has appreciated by at least that much over such period, if during any month over that period the underlying stock had a return less than 7%. This example illustrates that both the Fund's participation in the positive price returns of an underlying stock and its returns will depend not only on the price of the underlying stock but also on the path that such stock takes over time.

<u>Covered Call Option Writing Risk</u>

By writing covered call options, in return for the receipt of premiums, the Fund will give up the opportunity to benefit from potential increases in the value of the underlying stock above the exercise prices of such options, but will continue to bear the risk of declines in the value of the underlying stock. The premiums received from the options may not be sufficient to offset any losses sustained from the volatility of the underlying stocks over time. In addition, the Fund's ability to sell the securities underlying the options will be limited while the options are in effect unless the Fund cancels out the option positions through the purchase of offsetting identical options prior to the expiration of the written options. Exchanges may suspend the trading of options in volatile markets. If trading is suspended, the Fund may be unable to write options at times that may be desirable or advantageous to do so, which may increase the risk of tracking error.

<u>Futures</u>

Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific asset, currency, rate or index at a specified future time and at a specified price. Stock index futures are based on investments that reflect the market value of common stock of the firms included in an underlying index. The Fund may enter into futures contracts to purchase securities indexes when the Adviser anticipates purchasing the underlying securities and believes prices will rise before the purchase will be made. To the extent required by law, liquid assets committed to futures contracts will be maintained.

Some futures contracts are traded on organized exchanges regulated by the SEC or Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"), and transactions on them are cleared through a clearing corporation, which guarantees the performance of the parties to the contract. Futures contracts may be bought and sold on U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges. Futures contracts in the U.S. have been designed by exchanges that have been designated "contract markets" by the CFTC and must be executed through a futures commission merchant ("FCM"), which is a brokerage firm that is a member of the relevant contract market. Each exchange guarantees performance of the contracts as between the clearing members of the exchange, thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Futures contracts may also be entered into on certain exempt markets, including exempt boards of trade and electronic trading facilities, available to certain market participants. Because all transactions in the futures market are made, offset or fulfilled by an FCM through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded, the Fund will incur brokerage fees when it buys or sells futures contracts.

Unlike purchases or sales of portfolio securities, no price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, the Fund will be required to deposit with the broker or in a segregated account with a custodian or sub-custodian an amount of liquid assets, known as initial margin, based on the value of the contract. The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transactions. Rather, the initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract, which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, called variation margin, to and from the broker, will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying instruments fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking-to-market." For example, when the Fund has purchased a futures contract and the price of the contract has risen in response to a rise in the underlying instruments, that position will have increased in value and the Fund will be entitled to receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that increase in value. Conversely, where the Fund has purchased a futures contract and the price of the future contract has declined in response to a decrease in the underlying instruments, the position would be less valuable, and the Fund would be required to make a variation margin payment to the broker. Prior to expiration of the futures contract, the Adviser may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, subject to the availability of a secondary market, which will operate to terminate the Fund's position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the Fund, and the Fund realizes a loss or gain.

Unlike purchases or sales of portfolio securities, no price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, the Fund will be required to deposit with the broker or in a segregated account with a custodian or sub-custodian an amount of liquid assets, known as initial margin, based on the value of the contract. The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transactions. Rather, the initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract, which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, called variation margin, to and from the broker, will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying instruments fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking-to-market." For example, when the Fund has purchased a futures contract and the price of the contract has risen in response to a rise in the underlying instruments, that position will have increased in value and the Fund will be entitled to receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that increase in value. Conversely, where the Fund has purchased a futures contract and the price of the future contract has declined in response to a decrease in the underlying instruments, the position would be less valuable, and the Fund would be required to make a variation margin payment to the broker. Prior to expiration of the futures contract, the Adviser may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, subject to the availability of a secondary market, which will operate to terminate the Fund's position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the Fund, and the Fund realizes a loss or gain.

There are several risks in connection with the use of futures by the Fund. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures and movements in the price of the instruments which are the subject of the hedge. The price of the future may move more than or less than the price of the instruments being hedged. If the price of the futures moves less than the price of the instruments which are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective but, if the price of the instruments being hedged has moved in an unfavorable direction, the Fund would be in a better position than if it had not hedged at all. If the price of the instruments being hedged has moved in a favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the loss on the futures. If the price of the futures moves more than the price of the hedged instruments, the Fund involved will experience either a loss or gain on the futures, which will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the instruments that are the subject of the hedge. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of instruments being hedged and movements in the price of futures contracts, the Fund may buy or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of instruments being hedged if the volatility over a particular time period of the prices of such instruments has been greater than the volatility over such time period of the futures, or if otherwise deemed to be appropriate by the Adviser. Conversely, the Fund may buy or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility over a particular time period of the prices of the instruments being hedged is less than the volatility over such time period of the futures contract being used, or if otherwise deemed to be appropriate by the Adviser.

In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in futures and the instruments being hedged, the price of futures may not correlate perfectly with movement in the cash market due to certain market distortions. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through off-setting transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, with respect to financial futures contracts, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into off-setting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortions. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortion in the futures market, and because of the imperfect correlation between the movements in the cash market and movements in the price of futures, a correct forecast of general market trends or interest rate movements by the Adviser may still not result in a successful hedging transaction over a short time frame.

In general, positions in futures may be closed out only on an exchange, board of trade or other trading facility that provides a secondary market for such futures. Although the Fund intends to purchase or sell futures only on trading facilities where there appear to be active secondary markets, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on any trading facility will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. In such an event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract position, and in the event of adverse price movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin. However, in the event futures contracts have been used to hedge portfolio securities, such securities may not be sold until the futures contract can be terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the price of the securities, if any, may partially or completely offset losses on the futures contract. However, as described above, there is no guarantee that the price of the securities will in fact correlate with the price movements in the futures contract and thus provide an offset on a futures contract.

Further, it should be noted that the liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by "daily price fluctuation limits" established by commodity exchanges, which limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. The trading of futures contracts is also subject to the risk of trading halts, suspensions, exchange or clearing house equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm or clearing house or other disruptions of normal trading activity, which could at times make it difficult or impossible to liquidate existing positions or to recover excess variation margin payments.

Successful use of futures by the Fund is subject to the Adviser's ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements. Such sales of securities may be, but will not necessarily be, at increased prices which reflect the rising market. The Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.

With respect to futures contracts that are contractually required to "cash-settle," the Fund maintains liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the Fund's daily marked-to-market obligation (i.e., the Fund's daily net liability, if any), rather than the contracts' notional value (i.e., the value of the underlying asset). By maintaining assets equal to its net obligation under cash-settled futures contracts, the Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund set aside assets equal to the futures contracts' full notional value.

<u>Options</u>

The Fund may invest in put options and buy call options and write covered call and secured put options. Such options may relate to particular securities, foreign and domestic stock indices, financial instruments, foreign currencies or the yield differential between two securities and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange or issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. A call option for a particular security or currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and a writer the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price prior to the expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security or currency. The premium paid to the writer is in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security or currency gives the purchaser the right to sell the security or currency at the stated exercise price prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security or currency. In contrast to an option on a particular security, an option on an index provides the holder with the right to make or receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option. The amount of this settlement will be equal to the difference between the closing price of the index at the time of exercise and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars, times a specified multiple Options trading is a highly specialized activity, which entails risk greater than ordinary investment risk. Options on particular securities may be more volatile than the underlying instruments and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves. The Fund will write call options only if they are "covered." In the case of a call option on a security or currency, the option is "covered" if the Fund owns the security or currency underlying the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, liquid assets in such amount are segregated) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held by it. For a call option on an index, the option is covered if the Fund maintains with its custodian a portfolio of securities substantially replicating the index, or liquid assets equal to the contract value. A call option also is covered if the Fund holds a call on the same security, currency or index as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written, or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the call written, provided the Fund segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference.

All put options written by the Fund would be covered, which means that such Fund will segregate cash or liquid assets with a value at least equal to the exercise price of the put option or will use the other methods described in the next sentence. A put option also is covered if the Fund holds a put option on the same security or currency as the option written where the exercise price of the option held is (i) equal to or higher than the exercise price of the option written, or (ii) less than the exercise price of the option written, provided the Fund segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference.

The Fund's obligation to sell subject to a covered call option written by it, or to purchase a security or currency subject to a secured put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by the Fund's execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying security or currency, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. Such a purchase does not result in the ownership of an option. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying security or currency or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying security. The cost of such a liquidation purchase plus transaction costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Fund will have incurred a loss in the transaction. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. An option writer, unable to effect a closing purchase transaction, will not be able to sell the underlying security or currency (in the case of a covered call option) or liquidate the segregated assets (in the case of a secured put option) until the option expires or the optioned security or currency is delivered upon exercise with the result that the writer in such circumstances will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.

When the Fund purchases an option, the premium paid by it is recorded as an asset of the Fund. When the Fund writes an option, an amount equal to the net premium (the premium less the commission) received by the Fund is included in the liability section of the Fund's statement of assets and liabilities as a deferred credit. The amount of this asset or deferred credit will be subsequently marked-to-market to reflect the current value of the option purchased or written. The current value of the traded option is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, the current bid price. If an option purchased by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund realizes a loss equal to the premium paid. If the Fund enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Fund will realize a gain if the premium received by the Fund on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option written by the Fund expires on the stipulated expiration date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold) and the deferred credit related to such option will be eliminated. If an option written by the Fund is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Fund will realize a gain or loss.

There are several risks associated with transactions in certain options. For example, there are significant differences between the securities, currency and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.

<u>Options on Futures Contracts</u>

The Fund may purchase and write options on the futures contracts described above. A futures option gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to receive and execute a long futures contract (if the option is a call) or a short futures contract (if the option is a put) at a specified price at any time during the period of the option. Like the buyer or seller of a futures contract, the holder, or writer, of an option has the right to terminate its position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling, or purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into the closing transaction will realize a gain or loss. The Fund will be required to deposit initial margin and variation margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers' requirements similar to those described above. Net option premiums received will be included as initial margin deposits.

Investments in futures options involve some of the same considerations that are involved in connection with investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid secondary market). In addition, the purchase or sale of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not correspond to changes in the value of the option purchased. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to either the futures contract upon which it is based, or upon the price of the securities being hedged, an option may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract or such securities. In general, the market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market prices on the underlying futures contract. Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to the Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs). The writing of an option on a futures contract involves risks similar to those risks relating to the purchase or sale of futures contracts.

An option on a futures contract, as contrasted with the direct investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the underlying futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. The writer of the option becomes contractually obligated to take the opposite futures position specified in the option.

Upon exercise of an option on a futures contract, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account that represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential for loss related to the purchase of an option on a futures contract is limited to the premium paid for the option plus transaction costs. Because the value of the option is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option changes daily and that change would be reflected in the net asset value per share ("NAV") of the Fund.

The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on futures contracts that are traded on an exchange as a hedge against changes in value of its portfolio securities, or in anticipation of the purchase of securities, and may enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.

The Fund's use of options on futures contracts is subject to the risks related to derivative instruments generally. In addition, the amount of risk the Fund assumes when it purchases an option on a futures contract is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. The purchase of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased. The writer of an option on a futures contract is subject to the risk of having to take a possibly adverse futures position if the purchaser of the option exercises its rights. If the writer were required to take such a position, it could bear substantial losses. The potential for loss related to writing call options is unlimited. The potential for loss related to writing put options is limited to the agreed upon price per share, also known as the "strike price," less the premium received from writing the put.

<u>U.S. Federal Tax Treatment of Futures Contracts</u>

The Fund may be required for federal income tax purposes to mark-to-market and recognize as income for each taxable year its net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures contracts or options contracts as of the end of the year as well as those actually realized during the year. Gain or loss from futures contracts or options contracts on broad-based indexes required to be marked-to-market will be 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Application of this rule may alter the timing and character of distributions to shareholders. The Fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on futures contracts or options contracts to the extent of any unrecognized gains on related positions held by the Fund.

In order for the Fund to continue to qualify for U.S. federal income tax treatment as a "regulated investment company" under Section 851 of the Code, at least 90% of the Fund's gross income for a taxable year must be derived from qualifying sources, including, dividends, interest, income derived from loans of securities, gains from the sale of securities or of foreign currencies or other income derived with respect to the Fund's business of investing in securities. It is anticipated that any net gain realized from the closing out of futures contracts or options contracts will be considered gain from the sale of securities and, therefore, will be qualifying income for purposes of the 90% requirement.

The Fund intends to distribute to shareholders annually any net capital gains that have been recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes (including unrealized gains at the end of the Fund's fiscal year) on futures transactions and certain options contracts. Such distributions are combined with distributions of capital gains realized on the Fund's other investments, and shareholders are advised on the nature of the distributions.

<u>Price Participation Risk</u>

The Fund employs an investment strategy that includes the sale of call option contracts, which limits the degree to which the Fund will participate in increases in value experienced by the underlying issuer over the Call Period. This means that if the underlying issuer experiences an increase in value above the strike price of the sold call options during a Call Period, the Fund will likely not experience that increase to the same extent and may significantly underperform the underlying issuer over the Call Period. Additionally, because the Fund is limited in the degree to which it will participate in increases in value experienced by the underlying issuer over each Call Period, but has full exposure to any decreases in value experienced by the underlying issuer over the Call Period, the NAV of the Fund may decrease over any given time period. The Fund's NAV is dependent on the value of each options portfolio, which is based principally upon the performance of the underlying issuer. The degree of participation in the underlying issuer gains the Fund will experience will depend on prevailing market conditions, especially market volatility, at the time the Fund enters into the sold call option contracts and will vary from Call Period to Call Period. The value of the options contracts is affected by changes in the value and dividend rates of the underlying issuer, changes in interest rates, changes in the actual or perceived volatility of the underlying issuer and the remaining time to the options' expiration, as well as trading conditions in the options market. As the price of the underlying issuer changes and time moves towards the expiration of each Call Period, the value of the options contracts, and therefore the Fund's NAV, will change. However, it is not expected for the Fund's NAV to directly correlate on a day-to-day basis with the returns of the underlying issuer. The amount of time remaining until the options contract's expiration date affects the impact of the potential options contract income on the Fund's NAV, which may not be in full effect until the expiration date of the Fund's options contracts. Therefore, while changes in the price of the underlying issuer will result in changes to the Fund's NAV, the Fund generally anticipates that the rate of change in the Fund's NAV will be different than that experienced by the underlying issuer.

**Geographic Concentration Risk**

The Fund may be particularly susceptible to economic, political, regulatory or other events or conditions affecting countries within the specific geographic regions in which the Fund invests. Currency devaluations could occur in countries that have not yet experienced currency devaluation to date or could continue to occur in countries that have already experienced such devaluations. As a result, the Fund's net asset value may be more volatile than a more geographically diversified fund.

**Government Intervention in Financial Markets Risk**

Instability in the financial markets may lead the U.S. government and foreign governments to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that may experience extreme volatility, and in some cases a lack of liquidity. U.S. federal and state governments and foreign governments, their regulatory agencies or self-regulatory organizations may take additional actions that affect the regulation of the securities in which the Fund invests, or the issuers of such securities, in ways that are unforeseeable. Issuers of corporate securities might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund's ability to achieve its investment objective.

**Income Risk**

The market value of fixed income investments changes in response to interest rate changes and other factors. The Fund's income could decline due to falling market interest rates. This is because, in a falling interest rate environment, the Fund generally will have to invest the proceeds from sales of fund shares, as well as the proceeds from maturing portfolio securities in lower-yielding securities. During periods of falling interest rates, the values of outstanding fixed income securities generally rise. Moreover, while securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields, the prices of longer maturity securities are also subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. During periods of falling interest rates, certain debt obligations with high interest rates may be prepaid (or "called") by the issuer prior to maturity.

**Interest Rate Risk**

The values of fixed rate debt securities usually rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Declining interest rates generally increase the value of existing debt instruments, and rising interest rates generally decrease the value of existing debt instruments. Changes in a debt instrument's value usually will not affect the amount of interest income paid to the Fund, but will affect the value of the Fund's Shares. Interest rate risk is generally greater for investments with longer maturities. Certain securities pay interest at variable or floating rates. Variable rate securities reset at specified intervals, while floating rate securities reset whenever there is a change in a specified index rate. In most cases, these reset provisions reduce the effect of changes in market interest rates on the value of the security. However, some securities do not track the underlying index directly, but reset based on formulas that can produce an effect similar to leveraging; others may also provide for interest payments that vary inversely with market rates. The market prices of these securities may fluctuate significantly when interest rates change.

Some investments give the issuer the option to call or redeem an investment before its maturity date. If an issuer calls or redeems an investment during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield, and therefore it might not benefit from any increase in value as a result of declining interest rates.

**Investment Companies**

The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, subject to applicable limitations under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. Pursuant to Section 12(d)(1), the Fund may invest in the securities of another investment company (the "acquired company") provided that the Fund, immediately after such purchase or acquisition, does not own in the aggregate: (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of the acquired company; (ii) securities issued by the acquired company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the value of the total assets of the Fund; or (iii) securities issued by the acquired company and all other investment companies (other than Treasury stock of the Fund) having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the total assets of the Fund. To the extent allowed by law or regulation, the Fund may invest its assets in securities of investment companies in excess of the limits discussed above.

If the Fund invests in and, thus, is a shareholder of, another investment company, the Fund's shareholders will indirectly bear the Fund's proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by such other investment company, including advisory fees, in addition to both the management fees payable directly by the Fund to the Fund's own investment adviser and the other expenses that the Fund bears directly in connection with the Fund's own operations.

Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act restricts investments by registered investment companies in securities of other registered investment companies, including the Fund. The acquisition of the Fund's Shares by registered investment companies is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as may be permitted by exemptive rules under the 1940 Act or as may at some future time be permitted by an exemptive order that permits registered investment companies to invest in the Fund beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company enter into an agreement with the Fund regarding the terms of the investment.

The acquisition of shares of the Fund by registered investment companies is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as may be permitted by exemptive rules under the 1940 Act or as permitted by an exemptive order obtained by the Trust that permits registered investment companies to invest in the Fund beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company enter into an agreement with the Fund regarding the terms of the investment. Rule 12d1-4 permits other investment companies to invest in the Fund beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to similar conditions.

*Exchange-Traded Funds Risk* The Fund may invest in certain exchange-traded funds ("Underlying ETFs"). Through its positions in Underlying ETFs, the Fund generally will be subject to the risks associated with such Underlying ETF's investments, including the possibility that the value of the securities or instruments held by or linked to an Underlying ETF could decrease. Certain of the Underlying ETFs may hold common portfolio positions, thereby reducing any diversification benefits. The ETPs in which the Fund invests are pooled investment vehicles that are not registered pursuant to the 1940 Act and, therefore, are not subject to the regulatory scheme of the 1940 Act including the investor protections afforded by the 1940 Act. Under normal market conditions, the Fund will purchase shares of or interest in Underlying ETFs in the secondary market. When the Fund invests in an Underlying ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it also will bear a pro rata portion of the Underlying ETF's expenses (including operating costs and management fees).

**Liquidity Risk**

In certain circumstances, it may be difficult for the Fund to purchase and sell particular portfolio investments due to infrequent trading in such investments. The prices of such securities may experience significant volatility, make it more difficult for the Fund to transact significant amounts of such securities without an unfavorable impact on prevailing market prices, or make it difficult for the Adviser to dispose of such securities at a fair price at the time the Adviser believes it is desirable to do so. In addition, the Fund's investments in ETNs and certain other ETPs may be subject to restrictions on the amount and timing of any redemptions. The Fund's investments in such securities may restrict the Fund's ability to take advantage of other market opportunities and adversely affect the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings. The Fund's investments in certain ETPs also may be subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to "circuit breaker" rules.

**Management Risk**

As the Fund may implement its investment objective, it is subject to the risk that the Adviser's investment strategy may not produce the intended results.

**Market Risk**

An investment in the Fund involves risks similar to those of investing in any fund of equity securities, such as market fluctuations caused by such factors as economic and political developments, changes in interest rates and perceived trends in securities prices. The value of the equity security that the Fund invests in and seeks to track could decline generally or could underperform other investments. Different types of equity securities tend to go through cycles of out-performance and under-performance in comparison to the general securities markets. In addition, securities may decline in value due to factors affecting the securities markets generally or a specific issuer or market. The Fund is subject to the risk that the Adviser's investment strategy, the implementation of which is subject to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results. Market risk refers to the possibility that the market values of securities or other investments that the Fund holds will fall, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, or fail to rise. Security values may fall or fail to rise because of a variety of actual or perceived factors affecting an issuer (e.g., an unfavorable earnings report), the industry or sector in which it operates, or the market as a whole, which may reduce the value of an investment in the Fund. Accordingly, an investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods. The market values of the securities the Fund holds can be affected by changes or perceived changes in U.S. or foreign economies and financial markets, and the liquidity of these securities, among other factors. Although equity securities generally tend to have greater price volatility than debt securities, under certain market conditions, debt securities may have comparable or greater price volatility. In addition, stock prices may be sensitive to rising interest rates, as the cost of capital rises and borrowing costs increase.

**Market Trading Risk**

The Fund faces numerous market trading risks, including disruptions to the creation and redemption processes of the Fund, losses from trading in secondary markets, the existence of extreme market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for Shares may result in Shares trading at a significant premium or discount to NAV. The NAV of Shares will fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund's securities holdings. The market prices of Shares will fluctuate in accordance with changes in NAV and supply and demand on the Exchange. The Adviser cannot predict whether Shares will trade below, at or above their NAV. Price differences may be due, in large part, to the fact that supply and demand forces at work in the secondary trading market for Shares will be closely related to, but not identical to, the same forces influencing the prices of the securities of the Index trading individually or in the aggregate at any point in time. If a shareholder purchases Shares at a time when the market price is at a premium to the NAV or sells Shares at a time when the market price is at a discount to the NAV, the shareholder may sustain losses. Any of these factors, discussed above and further below, may lead to Shares trading at a premium or discount to the Fund's NAV.

<u>Absence of Prior Active Market</u>

While the Fund's Shares are listed on an Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for Shares will develop or be maintained. The Distributor does not maintain a secondary market in Shares.

<u>Trading Issues</u>

Trading in Shares on an Exchange may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on an Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to the Exchange's "circuit breaker" rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements of an Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.

**Money Market Funds**

The Fund may use a variety of money market instruments for cash management purposes, including money market funds, depositary accounts and repurchase agreements. Repurchase agreements are contracts in which a seller of securities agrees to buy the securities back at a specified time and price. Repurchase agreements may be subject to market and credit risk related to the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. Money market instruments, including money market funds, may lose money through fees or other means.

**National Closed Market Trading Risk**

To the extent that the underlying securities held by the Fund trade on foreign exchanges that may be closed when the securities exchange on which the Fund's Shares trade is open, there are likely to be deviations between the current price of such an underlying security and the last quoted price for the underlying security (i.e., the Fund's quote from the closed foreign market). These deviations could result in premiums or discounts to the Fund's NAV that may be greater than those experienced by other ETFs.

**NAV Erosion Risk Due to Distributions**

When the Fund makes a distribution, the Fund's NAV will typically drop by the amount of the distribution on the related ex-dividend date. The repeated payment of distributions by the Fund, if any, may significantly erode the Fund's NAV and trading price over time. As a result, an investor may suffer significant losses to their investment in Fund shares.

**New Adviser Risk**

The Adviser has only recently commenced managing ETFs. As a result, investors do not have a long-term track record of managing a mutual fund from which to judge the Adviser and the Adviser may not achieve the intended result in managing the Fund.

**New Fund Risk**

The Fund is a new fund, with limited operating history, which may result in additional risks for investors in the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Fund will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Board of Trustees may determine to liquidate the Fund. While shareholder interests will be the paramount consideration, the timing of any liquidation may not be favorable to certain individual shareholders.

**Operational Risk**

The Fund is exposed to operational risk arising from a number of factors, including but not limited to human error, processing and communication errors, errors of the Fund's service providers, counterparties or other third-parties, failed or inadequate processes and technology or systems failures. The Fund seeks to reduce these operational risks through controls and procedures. However, these measures do not address every possible risk and may be inadequate for those risks that they are intended to address.

**Repurchase Agreements**

A repurchase agreement is an instrument under which the purchaser (i.e., the Fund) acquires the security and the seller agrees, at the time of the sale, to repurchase the security at a mutually agreed upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the purchaser's holding period. Repurchase agreements may be construed to be collateralized loans by the purchaser to the seller secured by the securities transferred to the purchaser. If a repurchase agreement is construed to be a collateralized loan, the underlying securities will not be considered to be owned by the Fund but only to constitute collateral for the seller's obligation to pay the repurchase price, and, in the event of a default by the seller, the Fund may suffer time delays and incur costs or losses in connection with the disposition of the collateral.

In any repurchase transaction, the collateral for a repurchase agreement may include: (i) cash items; (ii) obligations issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) obligations that, at the time the repurchase agreement is entered into, are rated in the highest rating category generally by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations ("NRSROs"), or, if unrated, determined to be of comparable quality by the Adviser. Collateral, however, is not limited to the foregoing and may include, for example, obligations rated below the highest category by NRSROs. Collateral for a repurchase agreement may also include securities that the Fund could not hold directly without the repurchase obligation.

Irrespective of the type of collateral underlying the repurchase agreement, in the case of a repurchase agreement entered into by a non-money market fund, the repurchase obligation of a seller must be of comparable credit quality to securities that are rated in the highest two short-term credit rating categories by at least one NRSRO or, if unrated, deemed by the Adviser to be of equivalent quality.

Repurchase agreements pose certain risks for the Fund if it utilizes them. Such risks are not unique to the Fund, but are inherent in repurchase agreements. The Fund seeks to minimize such risks, but because of the inherent legal uncertainties involved in repurchase agreements, such risks cannot be eliminated. Lower quality collateral and collateral with longer maturities may be subject to greater price fluctuations than higher quality collateral and collateral with shorter maturities. If the repurchase agreement counterparty were to default, lower quality collateral may be more difficult to liquidate than higher quality collateral. Should the counterparty default and the amount of collateral not be sufficient to cover the counterparty's repurchase obligation, the Fund would retain the status of an unsecured creditor of the counterparty (i.e., the position the Fund would normally be in if it were to hold, pursuant to its investment policies, other unsecured debt securities of the defaulting counterparty) with respect to the amount of the shortfall. As an unsecured creditor, the Fund would be at risk of losing some or all of the principal and income involved in the transaction.

**Short-Term Instruments**

The Fund may invest in short-term instruments, including money market instruments, on an ongoing basis to provide liquidity for cash equitization, funding, or under abnormal market conditions. Money market instruments are generally short-term investments that may include but are not limited to: (i) shares of money market funds;

(ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities (including government-sponsored enterprises); (iii) negotiable certificates of deposit ("CDs"), bankers' acceptances, fixed time deposits and other obligations of U.S. and foreign banks (including foreign branches) and similar institutions; (iv) commercial paper rated at the date of purchase "Prime-1" by Moody's or "A-1" by Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC, or if unrated, of comparable quality as determined by the Adviser; (v) non-convertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of not more than 397 days and that satisfy the rating requirements set forth in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act; and (vi) short-term U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign banks (including U.S. branches) that, in the opinion of the Adviser, are of comparable quality to obligations of U.S. banks which may be purchased by the Fund. Any of these instruments may be purchased on a current or a forward-settled basis. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained in banking institutions for specified periods of time at stated interest rates. Bankers' acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international transactions.

**Swaps**

Over-the-counter ("OTC") swap agreements are contracts between parties in which one party agrees to make payments to the other party based on the change in market value or level of a specified index or asset. In return, the other party agrees to make payments to the first party based on the return of a different specified index or asset. Although OTC swap agreements entail the risk that a party will default on its payment obligations thereunder, the Fund seeks to reduce this risk by entering into agreements that involve payments no less frequently than quarterly. The net amount of the excess, if any, of the Fund's obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap is accrued on a daily basis and an amount of cash or highly liquid securities having an aggregate value at least equal to the accrued excess is maintained in an account at the Trust's custodian bank.

The use of such swap agreements involves certain risks. For example, if the counterparty, under a swap agreement, defaults on its obligation to make payments due from it as a result of its bankruptcy or otherwise, the Fund may lose such payments altogether or collect only a portion thereof, which collection could involve costs or delays.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") and related regulatory developments require the eventual clearing and exchange-trading of many standardized OTC derivative instruments that the CFTC and Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") recently defined as "swaps" and "security-based swaps," respectively. Mandatory exchange-trading and clearing is occurring on a phased-in basis based on the type of market participant and CFTC approval of contracts for central clearing and exchange trading. In a cleared swap, the Fund's ultimate counterparty is a central clearinghouse rather than a brokerage firm, bank or other financial institution. The Fund initially will enter into cleared swaps through an executing broker. Such transactions will then be submitted for clearing and, if cleared, will be held at regulated futures commission merchants ("FCMs") that are members of the clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty. When the Fund enters into a cleared swap, it must deliver to the central counterparty (via an FCM) an amount referred to as "initial margin." Initial margin requirements are determined by the central counterparty, but an FCM may require additional initial margin above the amount required by the central counterparty. During the term of the swap agreement, a "variation margin" amount may also be required to be paid by the Fund or may be received by the Fund in accordance with margin controls set for such accounts, depending upon changes in the price of the underlying reference asset subject to the swap agreement. At the conclusion of the term of the swap agreement, if the Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any loss in excess of the margin amount. If the Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the excess margin is returned to the Fund. If the Fund has a gain, the full margin amount and the amount of the gain is paid to the Fund.

Central clearing is designed to reduce counterparty credit risk compared to uncleared swaps because central clearing interposes the central clearinghouse as the counterparty to each participant's swap, but it does not eliminate those risks completely. There is also a risk of loss by the Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Fund has an open position in a swap contract. The assets of the Fund may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Fund might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM's customers. If the FCM does not provide accurate reporting, the Fund is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Fund's assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM's other customers, to satisfy its own financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty. Exchange-trading is expected to increase liquidity of swaps trading.

In addition, with respect to cleared swaps, the Fund may not be able to obtain as favorable terms as it would be able to negotiate for an uncleared swap. In addition, an FCM may unilaterally impose position limits or additional margin requirements for certain types of swaps in which the Fund may invest. Central counterparties and FCMs generally can require termination of existing cleared swap transactions at any time, and can also require increases in margin above the margin that is required at the initiation of the swap agreement. Margin requirements for cleared swaps vary on a number of factors, and the margin required under the rules of the clearinghouse and FCM may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by the Fund to support its obligations under a similar uncleared swap. However, regulators are expected to adopt rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared swaps in the near future, which could change this comparison.

The Fund is also subject to the risk that, after entering into a cleared swap with an executing broker, no FCM or central counterparty is willing or able to clear the transaction. In such an event, the central counterparty would void the trade. Before the Fund can enter into a new trade, market conditions may become less favorable to the Fund.

The Adviser will continue to monitor developments regarding trading and execution of cleared swaps on exchanges, particularly to the extent regulatory changes affect the Fund's ability to enter into swap agreements and the costs and risks associated with such investments.

**Tax Risks**

The Fund invests in derivatives. The federal income tax treatment of a derivative may not be as favorable as a direct investment in an underlying asset. Derivatives may produce taxable income and taxable realized gain. Derivatives may adversely affect the timing, character and amount of income the Fund realizes from its investments. As a result, a larger portion of the Fund's distributions may be treated as ordinary income rather than as capital gains. In addition, certain derivatives are subject to mark-to-market or straddle provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"). If such provisions are applicable, there could be an increase (or decrease) in the amount of taxable dividends paid by the Fund.

The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to Shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund's taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. To comply with the asset diversification test applicable to a RIC, the Fund will attempt to ensure that the value of options it holds is never 25% of the total value of Fund assets at the close of any quarter. If the Fund's investments in options were to exceed 25% of the Fund's total assets at the end of a tax quarter, the Fund, generally, has a grace period to cure such lack of compliance. If the Fund fails to timely cure, it may no longer be eligible to be treated as a RIC.

**U.S. Government Securities**

The Fund may invest in U.S. government securities. Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities include U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury and which differ only in their interest rates, maturities, and times of issuance. U.S. Treasury bills have initial maturities of one-year or less; U.S. Treasury notes have initial maturities of one to ten years; and U.S. Treasury bonds generally have initial maturities of greater than ten years. Certain U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, obligations of U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities such as the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"), the Small Business Administration, the Federal Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Home Loan Banks, Banks for Cooperatives (including the Central Bank for Cooperatives), the Federal Land Banks, the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Federal Financing Bank, the Student Loan Marketing Association, the National Credit Union Administration and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac).

Some obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities, including, for example, Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates, are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those securities issued by Fannie Mae, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the federal agency, while other obligations issued by or guaranteed by federal agencies, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored federal agencies, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so, since the U.S. government is not so obligated by law. U.S. Treasury notes and bonds typically pay coupon interest semi-annually and repay the principal at maturity.

On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of Fannie Mae and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality (the "Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement" or "Agreement"). Under the Agreement, the U.S. Treasury pledged to provide up to $200 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash capital to the instrumentalities in the event their liabilities exceed their assets. This was intended to ensure that the instrumentalities maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations, preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. On December 24, 2009, the U.S. Treasury announced that it was amending the Agreement to allow the $200 billion cap on the U.S. Treasury's funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in net worth over the next three years. As a result of this Agreement, the investments of holders, including the Fund, of mortgage-backed securities and other obligations issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are protected.

The total public debt of the United States as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 2008-2009 financial downturn. Although high debt levels do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, they may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt can raise concerns that the U.S. government will not be able to make principal or interest payments when they are due. This increase has also necessitated the need for the U.S. Congress to negotiate adjustments to the statutory debt limit to increase the cap on the amount the U.S. government is permitted to borrow to meet its existing obligations and finance current budget deficits. In August 2011, S&P lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the U.S. In explaining the downgrade at that time, S&P cited, among other reasons, controversy over raising the statutory debt limit and growth in public spending. On September 8, 2017, following passage by Congress, the President of the United States signed the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 and Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2017, which suspends the statutory debt limit through December 8, 2017. On January 22, 2018, Congress passed a short-term funding measure to allow legislators until February 8, 2018 to negotiate a longer-term solution. Any controversy or ongoing uncertainty regarding the statutory debt limit negotiations may impact the U.S. long-term sovereign credit rating and may cause market uncertainty. As a result, market prices and yields of securities supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government may be adversely affected.

**Valuation Risk**

The sale price the Fund could receive for a security may differ from the Fund's valuation of the security, particularly for securities or assets that trade low volume or volatile markets or that are valued using a fair value methodology. In addition, the value of the securities or assets in the Fund's portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund's Shares.

**Warrants and Subscription Rights**

Warrants are equity securities in the form of options issued by a corporation which give the holder the right to purchase stock, usually at a price that is higher than the market price at the time the warrant is issued. A purchaser takes the risk that the warrant may expire worthless because the market price of the common stock fails to rise above the price set by the warrant.

**When-Issued Securities, Delayed-Delivery and Forward Commitment Securities**

A when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment security is one whose terms are available and for which a market exists, but which have not been issued. If the Fund engages in when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the sale. If the other party fails to complete the sale, the Fund may miss the opportunity to obtain the security at a favorable price or yield.

When purchasing a security on a when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security, including the risk of price and yield changes. At the time of settlement, the market value of the security may be more or less than the purchase price. The yield available in the market when the delivery takes place also may be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself. Because the Fund does not pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in addition to the risks associated with its other investments.

Decisions to enter into when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment transactions will be considered on a case-by-case basis when necessary to maintain continuity in a company's index membership.

**Wholly Owned Subsidiary**

The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in a wholly owned and controlled foreign subsidiary of the Fund, organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands, (the "Subsidiary"), consistent with the limits of the U.S. federal tax law requirements applicable to registered investment companies. The; Subsidiary is advised by the Adviser. Unlike the Fund, the Subsidiary may invest without limitation in Bitcoin ETPs and other Bitcoin-related instruments, as applicable; however, the Subsidiary will comply with the same derivatives rule requirements under the 1940 Act, when viewed on a consolidated basis with the Fund, with respect to its investments in derivatives and leverage; and also complies with the provisions of Section 15 of the 1940 Act (regarding investment advisory contract approvals).

The Subsidiary will not be registered under the 1940 Act but will be subject to certain of the investor protections of the 1940 Act, as noted in this SAI. The Adviser will on behalf of the Subsidiary, file a notice with the CFTC and the NFA claiming exemption from the CFTC's reporting requirements in accordance with Part 4 of the CFTC regulations pursuant to no-action relief for certain subsidiaries of registered investment companies. Under this no-action letter guidance, the CFTC provides relief relating to CFTC reporting requirements for commodity pools, such as the Subsidiary, which are wholly owned subsidiaries of registered investment companies (such as the Fund). The Adviser also claims exemption from the CFTC's disclosure and reporting requirements in accordance with Part 4 of the CFTC regulations, which provide relief relating to CFTC disclosure and reporting requirements for commodity pools, such as the Subsidiary, that are operated by a commodity pool operator that is the same as, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the commodity pool operator of an offered pool (such as the Fund).

Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Subsidiary, respectively, are organized, could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this SAI and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. For example, the Cayman Islands does not currently impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law changes such that the Subsidiary must pay Cayman Islands taxes, the Fund's shareholders would likely suffer decreased investment returns.

**INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS AND POLICIES**

**Fundamental Policies**

The Trust has adopted the following investment restrictions as fundamental policies with respect to the Fund. These restrictions cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities. For purposes of the 1940 Act, a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund means the vote, at an annual or a special meeting of the security holders of the Fund, of the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Fund present at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under these restrictions:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. The
 Fund may not make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or
 modified by regulation from time to time;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. The
 Fund may not borrow money, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted
 or modified by regulation from time to time;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. The
 Fund may not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as
 interpreted or modified by regulation from time to time;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The
 Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except that the Fund may: (i) invest in securities
 of issuers that invest in real estate or interests therein; (ii) invest in mortgage-related
 securities and other securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein;
 and (iii) hold and sell real estate acquired by the Fund as a result of the ownership
 of securities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The
 Fund may not underwrite securities issued by other persons, except as permitted
 under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulation from time to time;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. The
 Fund may not purchase or sell commodities, unless acquired as a result of owning securities
 or other instruments, but it may purchase, sell or enter into financial options and futures,
 forward and spot currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts
 or derivative instruments, may invest in securities or other instruments backed by commodities,
 and may purchase or sell precious metals directly; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. The
 Fund may not purchase any security if, as a result of that purchase, more than 25% of
 the Fund's total assets would be invested in securities of issuers having their
 principal business activities in the same industry or group of industries except that
 the Fund will invest more than 25% of its total assets in investments that provide exposure
 to Bitcoin.

With respect to fundamental investment restriction No. 1 above, the Fund may: (i) lend portfolio securities; (ii) enter into repurchase agreements; (iii) purchase all or a portion of an issue of debt securities, bank loan or participation interests, bank certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, debentures or other securities, whether or not the purchase is made upon the original issuance of the securities; and (iv) participate in an interfund lending program with other registered investment companies;

With respect to fundamental investment restriction No. 5 above, the Fund may invest in restricted securities (those that must be registered under the Securities Act before they may be offered or sold to the public) as well as the securities of other investment companies.

With respect to investment limitation 7 above, these limits do not apply to securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. For purposes of determining industry concentration, if the Fund invests in underlying investment companies, the Fund will consider the concentration of the underlying investment companies for purposes of determining compliance with its own concentration policy..

If a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or total or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction, except that the percentage limitations with respect to the borrowing of money will be continuously complied with.

**Non-Fundamental Policies**

The Fund is also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies (which may be changed by the Trust's Board of Trustees without shareholder approval) relating to the investment of its assets and activities:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. The
 Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are
 assets, as determined pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act and the Fund's
 procedures adopted thereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Under
 normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets plus any borrowings
 for investment purposes in securities of Bitcoin or physical Bitcoin-related ETPs or
 derivatives on Bitcoin or physical Bitcoin-related ETPs, the value of which are linked
 to physical Bitcoin.

If a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment or contract, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or total or net assets will not result in a violation of such restriction, except that the percentage limitations with respect to the borrowing of money will be continuously complied with.

The policy may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust without shareholder approval upon 60 days' written notice to shareholders.

**BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE TRUST**

The Board of the Trust consists of three Trustees, two of whom are not "interested persons" (as defined in the 1940 Act), of the Trust ("Independent Trustees"). The Board is responsible for overseeing the management and operations of the Trust, including the general oversight of the duties and responsibilities performed by the Adviser and other service providers to the Fund. The Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day administration, operation and business affairs of the Fund.

The Board believes that each Trustee's experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other Trustees lead to the conclusion that the Board possesses the requisite skills and attributes to carry out its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Trust. The Board believes that the Trustees' ability to review, critically evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the Adviser, the Fund's other service providers, counsel and independent auditors, and to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties, support this conclusion. In reaching its conclusion, the Board also has considered the (i) experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills, among others, of its members, (ii) each member's character and integrity, (iii) the length of service as a board member of the Trust, (iv) each person's willingness to serve and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Trustee, and (v) as to each Independent Trustee, such Trustee's status as not being an "interested person" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust. In addition, the following specific experience, qualifications, attributes and/or skills apply as to each Trustee.

References to the experience, qualifications, attributes, and skills of Trustees are pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute the holding out of the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.

The Trustees of the Trust, their addresses, positions with the Trust, ages, term of office and length of time served, principal occupations during the past five years, the number of portfolios in the Fund Complex overseen by each Trustee and other directorships, if any, held by the Trustees, are set forth below.

The Board is also responsible for overseeing the nature, extent, and quality of the services provided to the Fund by the Adviser and receives information about those services at its regular meetings. In addition, on an annual basis (following the initial two-year period), in connection with its consideration of whether to renew the Management Agreement with the Adviser, the Board or its designee may meet with the Adviser, as appropriate, to review such services. Among other things, the Board regularly considers the Adviser's adherence to the Fund's investment restrictions and compliance with various Fund policies and procedures and with applicable securities regulations. The Board also reviews information about the Fund's performance and the Fund's investments, including, for example, portfolio holdings schedules.

The Trust's Chief Compliance Officer reports regularly to the Board to review and discuss compliance issues and Fund or Adviser risk assessments. At least annually, the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer provides the Board with a report reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust's policies and procedures and those of its service providers, including the Adviser. The report addresses the operation of the policies and procedures of the Trust and each service provider since the date of the last report; any material changes to the policies and procedures since the date of the last report; any recommendations for material changes to the policies and procedures; and any material compliance matters since the date of the last report.

The Board receives reports from the Fund's service providers regarding operational risks and risks related to the valuation and liquidity of portfolio securities. Annually, the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm reviews with the Audit Committee its audit of the Fund's financial statements, focusing on major areas of risk encountered by the Fund and noting any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the Trust's internal controls. Additionally, in connection with its oversight function, the Board oversees Trust management's implementation of disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust in its periodic reports with the SEC are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the required time periods. The Board also oversees the Trust's internal controls over financial reporting, which comprise policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Trust's financial reporting and the preparation of the Fund's financial statements.

From their review of these reports and discussions with the Adviser, the Chief Compliance Officer, the independent registered public accounting firm and other service providers, the Board and the Audit Committee learn in detail about the material risks of the Fund, thereby facilitating a dialogue about how management and service providers identify and mitigate those risks.

The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund's goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Board as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of the Fund's investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Adviser and other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Fund's and each other's in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board's ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.

**Independent Trustees**

The address of each trustee is c/o 1 Letterman Drive, Building C, Suite 3-500 San Francisco, CA 94129. Each trustee serves for the life of the Trust, subject to their earlier death, incapacitation, resignation, retirement or removal as more specifically provided in the Trust's organizational documents.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Name, Year of Birth, <br> and Position(s) held <br> with the Trust** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Length of <br> Time Served** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Principal Occupation(s) <br> During Past Five Years** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Number of <br> Portfolios in the <br> Fund Complex <br> Overseen** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Other <br> Directorships <br> Held by Trustee <br> During Past <br> Five Years** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;John Hyland<br> 1959 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Indefinite/Since March 2021 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Director, Matthews International Capital Management LLC (an investment advisory firm) (2018 – 2023); Global Head of Listed Securities, Bitwise Asset Management, Inc. (an investment advisory firm) (2018 – 2019); CEO/Chairman, PointBreak ETF Trust (an investment management company) (2015 – 2017). | &nbsp;&nbsp;14 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Tidal Trust V (Aug. 2025 - present); Rayliant Funds Trust (Jul. 2025 –present) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Ed McRedmond<br> 1960 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Indefinite/Since October 2019 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Founder, etfEd Advisory (an ETF consulting company) (2016 – present); Senior VP, Invesco Powershares Capital Management (an investment advisory firm) (2005 – 2016). | &nbsp;&nbsp;14 |  |

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**Interested Trustees**

The address of each trustee is c/o 1 Letterman Drive, Building C, Suite 3-500 San Francisco, CA 94129. Each trustee serves for the life of the Trust, subject to their earlier death, incapacitation, resignation, retirement or removal as more specifically provided in the Trust's organizational documents.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Name, Year of Birth, <br> and Position(s) held <br> with the Trust** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Length of<br> Time Served** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Principal Occupation(s) <br> During Past Five Years** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Number of <br> Portfolios in the <br> Fund Complex <br> Overseen** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Other <br> Directorships<br> Held By Trustee <br> During Past <br> Five Years** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Howard Chan <br> 1982 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Indefinite/Since February 2024 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Managing Director, Wellfy LLC. | &nbsp;&nbsp;14 |  |

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\*Indicates an "interested person" of the Trust, as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.

**Officer Information**

The Officers of the Trust, their addresses, positions with the Trust, ages and principal occupations during the past five years are set forth below.

The address for each officer is c/o 1 Letterman Drive, Building C, Suite 3-500 San Francisco, CA 94129 unless otherwise indicated. Each officer serves an indefinite term or until their successors are elected and qualified.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Officer's Name,** <br> **and Year of Birth** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Position(s) Held**<br> **with the Trust** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Length of** <br> **Time Served** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Principal Occupation(s) During <br> The Past Five Years** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Howard Chan<br> 1982 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Chief Executive Officer and President | &nbsp;&nbsp;Indefinite/Since February 2024 | &nbsp;&nbsp;CEO, Kurv Investment Management LLC (2022 - present)<br> Managing Director, Wellfy LLC (financial consulting) (2015 – present) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Madeline Arment<sup>\*</sup><br> 1989 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer | &nbsp;&nbsp;Indefinite/Since March 2024 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Director, PINE Advisor Solutions, LLC (2022 – present); Fund Controller, ALPS Fund Services, Inc. (2018 – 2022) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Randi Roessler<sup>\*</sup><br> 1981 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Chief Compliance Officer | &nbsp;&nbsp;Indefinite/Since March 2024 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Director, PINE Advisor Solutions, LLC (March 2023 – present); Chief Compliance Officer, Davis Selected Advisers, L.P., Davis Funds, Selected Funds, the Clipper Fund Trust, the Davis Fundamental ETF Trust, and Davis Distributors, LLC (2018 – 2023) |

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Officer's Name,** <br> **and Year of Birth** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Position(s) Held**<br> **with the Trust** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Length of** <br> **Time Served** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Principal Occupation(s) During <br> The Past Five Years** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Masako Walsh<br> 1976 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Secretary | &nbsp;&nbsp;Indefinite/Since June 2024 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Kurv Investment Management, LLC (Jul. 2022 – present); Vice President, PIMCO (Mar. 2010 – Feb. 2022) |

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<sup>\*</sup> Address is 501 S. Cherry Street, Suite 610, Denver, Colorado 80246.

**Board Committees**

The Board has an Audit Committee consisting solely of the two Trustees who are Independent Trustees. John Hyland has been designated as an "audit committee financial expert" as defined under Item 407 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"). John Hyland, an Independent Trustee, is the Chairman of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee has the responsibility, among other things, to: (i) oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Trust and its internal control over financial reporting; (ii) oversee the quality and integrity of the Fund's financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (iii) oversee or, as appropriate, assist the Board's oversight of the Trust's compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Trust's accounting and financial reporting, internal control over financial reporting and independent audit; (iv) approve prior to appointment the engagement of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm; and (v) act as a liaison between the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm and the full Board. The Audit Committee met three times during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2025.

The Board has determined that its leadership structure is appropriate given the business and nature of the Trust. The Chairman of the Board can play an important role in setting the agenda of the Board and also serves as a key point person for dealings between management and the Independent Trustees. The Board considered that the Chairman of the Audit Committee is an Independent Trustee, which yields similar benefits with respect to the functions and activities of the various Board committees. The Independent Trustees also regularly meet outside the presence of management. The Board has determined that its committees help ensure that the Trust has effective and independent governance and oversight. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from management of the Trust, including the Adviser. The Board reviews its structure on an annual basis.

As an integral part of its responsibility for oversight of the Fund in the interests of shareholders, the Board, as a general matter, oversees risk management of the Fund's investment programs and business affairs. The function of the Board with respect to risk management is one of oversight and not active involvement in, or coordination of, day-to-day risk management activities for the Fund. The Board recognizes that (i) not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, (ii) it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, (iii) it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund's goals, and (iv) the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees that may relate to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information.

The Board exercises oversight of the risk management process primarily through the Audit Committee, and through oversight by the Board itself. The Fund faces a number of risks, such as investment-related and compliance risks. The Adviser's personnel seek to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the Fund. Under the overall supervision of the Board or the applicable Committee of the Board, the Fund and Adviser employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify such possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks. Various personnel, including the Trust's Chief Compliance Officer, as well as various personnel of the Adviser and other service providers such as the Fund's independent accountants, may report to the Audit Committee and/or to the Board with respect to various aspects of risk management, as well as events and circumstances that have arisen and responses thereto.

**Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares**

For each Trustee, the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the Trustee in the Fund and in all registered investment companies advised by the Adviser ("Family of Investment Companies") that are overseen by the Trustee is shown below.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Name of Trustee** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Dollar Range of Equity Securities in<br> (as of March 31, 2025)** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all <br> Registered Investment Companies Overseen By Trustee In <br> Family of Investment Companies (as of March 31, 2025)** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all <br> Registered Investment Companies Overseen By Trustee In <br> Family of Investment Companies (as of March 31, 2025)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Name of Trustee** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF** |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Howard Chan | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;>$100,000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Ed McRedmond | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;John Hyland | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 |

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As to each Independent Trustee and his immediate family members, no person owned beneficially or of record securities in the Adviser or Foreside Fund Services, LLC ("Distributor"), or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Adviser or the Distributor.

**Shareholder Communications to the Board**

Shareholders may send communications to the Board by addressing the communications directly to the Board (or individual Board members) and/or otherwise clearly indicating in the salutation that the communication is for the Board (or individual Board members). The shareholder may send the communication to either the Fund's office or directly to such Board members at the address specified for each Trustee. Other shareholder communications received by the Trust not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be reviewed and generally responded to by management. Such communications will be forwarded to the Board at management's discretion based on the matters contained therein.

**Remuneration of Trustees**

Each Independent Trustee is paid an annual retainer of $10,000 for his or her services as a Board member to the Trust, and out-of-pocket expenses, in accordance with the Board's policy on travel and other business expenses relating to attendance at meetings. The Chairman of the Audit Committee is paid an additional annual retainer of $2,000.

Annual Trustee fees may be reviewed periodically and changed by the Board.

The table below details the amount of compensation anticipated to be earned by each Trustee and paid by the Fund for the initial fiscal period ending May 31, 2026. The Fund pay the Adviser a unitary fee which the Adviser uses to pay Trust expenses. Accordingly, while Independent Trustee fees are an obligation of the Trust, they are paid by the Adviser, as are other Trust expenses. Trustee compensation shown below does not include reimbursed out-of-pocket expenses in connection with attendance at meetings. The Trust does not have a bonus, profit sharing, pension or retirement plan:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Name** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Total Compensation From Fund and <br> Fund Complex\*\* Paid to Trustees** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Howard Chan | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Ed McRedmond | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;John Hyland | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;$0 |

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**Limitation of Trustees' Liability**

The Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee shall be liable only for his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrong-doing of any officer, agent, employee, adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall indemnify each person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, any person who is serving or has served at the Trust's request as a Trustee, officer, trustee, employee or agent of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise to the extent and in the manner provided in the Amended and Restated By-laws. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust shall protect or indemnify a Trustee against any liability for his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee. Nothing contained in this section attempts to disclaim a Trustee's individual liability in any manner inconsistent with the federal securities laws.

**MANAGEMENT AND OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS**

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled "Management of The Fund"

**Investment Adviser**

Kurv Investment Management LLC, located at 1 Letterman Drive, Building C, Suite 3-500, San Francisco, CA 94129, serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. The Adviser is a Delaware limited liability company formed in 2022 to provide investment advisory services to registered investment companies. In addition, Kurv Investment Management LLC developed the investment strategy for the Fund. Kurv Investment Management LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Kurv Investment, Inc.

Under an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Adviser, the Adviser provides investment advisory services to the Fund.

Subject to the general oversight of the Board, the Adviser provides or causes to be furnished all supervisory and other services reasonably necessary for the operation of the Fund, audit, portfolio accounting, legal, transfer agency, custody, printing costs, certain administrative services (provided pursuant to a separate administration agreement), certain distribution services (provided pursuant to a separate distribution agreement), certain shareholder and distribution-related services (provided pursuant to a separate Rule 12b-1 Plan and related agreements) and investment management and investment advisory services (provided pursuant to the Management Agreement) under what is essentially an all-in fee structure. The Fund bears other expenses which are not covered under the Management Agreement that may vary and will affect the total level of expenses paid by the Fund, such as taxes and governmental fees, brokerage fees, commissions and other transaction expenses, costs of borrowing money, including interest expenses, certain custody expenses and extraordinary expenses (such as litigation and indemnification expenses).

Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Fund pays the Adviser a fee ("Management Fee") under the Management Agreement in return for providing investment management, investment advisory and supervisory services and for being obligated to pay certain Fund expenses discussed above. The Adviser is paid a monthly Management Fee at an annual rate of 0.99% of the average daily net assets of the Fund.

The Adviser may from time to time waive all or a portion of its Management Fee. Fee waivers and subsidies will increase the Fund's total return. These voluntary waivers may be terminated at any time without notice.

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees' approval of the Management Agreement for the Fund will be available in the Fund's Form N-CSR for the fiscal period ending November 30, 2024.

Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Fund has agreed to indemnify the Adviser for certain liabilities, including certain liabilities arising under the federal securities laws, unless such loss or liability results from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or the reckless disregard of its obligations and duties. The Management Agreement is terminable upon 60 days' notice by the Adviser and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).

**Portfolio Manager**

Dominique Tersin is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund.

**Dominique Tersin.** Mr. Tersin has been employed by the Adviser since 2024. Prior to that, Mr. Tersin was a Vice President and portfolio manager at Pacific Investment Management Company (PIMCO), focusing on short and low-duration portfolios, from 2001 to 2016. He also managed enhanced liquidity program firmwide as well as the European ETF trading operations at PIMCO.

**Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Manager**

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Name of Portfolio Manager** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Other Accounts Managed**<br> **(As December 31, 2024)** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Other Accounts Managed**<br> **(As December 31, 2024)** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Other Accounts Managed**<br> **(As December 31, 2024)** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Accounts with respect to which the <br> advisory fee is based on the performance<br> of the account** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Accounts with respect to which the <br> advisory fee is based on the performance<br> of the account** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Name of Portfolio Manager** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Category of Account** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Number of <br> Accounts in <br> Category** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Total Assets <br> in Accounts <br> in Category** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Number of <br> Accounts in<br> Category** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Total Assets<br> in Accounts <br> in Category** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dominique Tersin | &nbsp;&nbsp;Registered Investment Companies | &nbsp;&nbsp;7 | &nbsp;&nbsp;$38681638 | &nbsp;&nbsp;0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;0 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dominique Tersin | &nbsp;&nbsp;Other Pooled Investment Vehicles | &nbsp;&nbsp;0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;0 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dominique Tersin | &nbsp;&nbsp;Other Accounts | &nbsp;&nbsp;0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;0 | &nbsp;&nbsp;0 |

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**Portfolio Manager Compensation**

Mr. Tersin is an equity holder in the Adviser. Mr. Tersin does not receive a discretionary bonus

**Portfolio Manager Share Ownership**

As of the date of this SAI, the Portfolio Manager did not beneficially own Shares of any Fund.

**Conflicts of Interest**

A conflict of interest may arise as a result of the Portfolio Manager being responsible for multiple accounts, including the Fund that may have different investment guidelines and objectives. In addition to the Fund, these accounts may include other mutual funds managed on an advisory basis, separate accounts and collective trust accounts. An investment opportunity may be suitable for the Fund as well as for any of the other managed accounts. However, the investment may not be available in sufficient quantity for all of the accounts to participate fully. In addition, there may be limited opportunity to sell an investment held by the Fund or the other account. The other accounts may have similar investment objectives or strategies as the Fund, may track the same benchmarks as the Fund tracks, and may sell securities that are eligible to be held, sold or purchased by the Fund. The Portfolio Manager may be responsible for accounts that have different advisory fee schedules, such as performance-based fees, which may create an incentive for the Portfolio Manager to favor one account over another in terms of access to investment opportunities or the allocation of the Portfolio Manager's time and resources. The Portfolio Manager may also manage accounts whose investment objectives and policies differ from those of the Fund, which may cause the Portfolio Manager to effect trading in one account that may have an adverse effect on the value of the holdings within another account, including the Fund.

To address and manage these potential conflicts of interest, the Adviser has adopted compliance policies and procedures to allocate investment opportunities and to ensure that each of their clients is treated on a fair and equitable basis. Such policies and procedures include, but are not limited to, trade allocation and trade aggregation policies and oversight by investment management and the Compliance team.

**Custodian**

U.S. Bank, N.A. (the "Custodian"), located at 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive, MK-WI-S302, Milwaukee, WI 53212, serves as custodian for the Fund pursuant to a custody agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Custodian. In that capacity, the Custodian holds the Fund's assets.

**Transfer Agent and Administrator**

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the "Administrator"), located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, serves as the Fund's transfer agent pursuant to a transfer agent servicing agreement. In addition, the Administrator provides various accounting services to the Fund pursuant to the Trust's accounting servicing agreement. The Trust and the Administrator have entered into an administration servicing agreement ("Administration Agreement"). Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator provides the Trust with administrative services, including providing certain operational, clerical, recordkeeping and/or bookkeeping services. The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Administration Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from the Administrator's refusal or failure to comply with the terms of the Administration Agreement or from the Administrator's bad faith, negligence, or willful misconduct in the performance of its duties under the Administration Agreement.

**Distributor**

Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the "Distributor"), located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101 serves as the distributor of Creation Units for the Fund on an agency basis. The Trust has entered into a Distribution Agreement with the Distributor ("Distribution Agreement"), under which the Distributor, as agent, reviews and approves orders by Authorized Participants to create and redeem Shares in Creation Units. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA"). Shares will be continuously offered for sale only in Creation Units. The Distributor will deliver a prospectus to Authorized Participants purchasing Shares in Creation Units and will maintain records of confirmations of acceptance furnished by it to Authorized Participants. The Distributor has no role in determining the investment policies of any Fund or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Fund. No compensation is payable by the Trust to the Distributor for such distribution services. However, the Adviser has entered into an agreement with the Distributor under which it makes payments to the Distributor in consideration for its services under the Distribution Agreement. The payments made by the Adviser to the Distributor do not represent an additional expense to the Trust, the Fund or its shareholders.

The Distributor may also enter into agreements with securities dealers ("Dealers") who will assist in the distribution of Shares. The Distributor will only enter into agreements with firms wishing to purchase Creation Units if the firm qualifies as an Authorized Participant (as discussed in "Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units" below) or DTC participants (as defined below).

The Distribution Agreement will continue for two years from its effective date and is renewable thereafter. The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on 60 days' written notice when authorized either by majority vote of its outstanding voting shares or by a vote of a majority of its Board (including a majority of the Independent Trustees), or by the Distributor on 60 days written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The Distribution Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Distributor, or reckless disregard by it of its obligations thereunder, the Distributor shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.

The Adviser or its affiliates, out of its own resources and not out of Fund assets (i.e., without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders), may pay certain broker dealers, banks and other financial intermediaries ("Intermediaries") for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing and educational training or support. These arrangements are not financed by the Fund and, thus, do not result in increased Fund expenses. They are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fees and expenses sections of the Fund's Prospectus and they do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of Shares or the amount received by a shareholder as proceeds from the redemption of Shares. Such compensation may be paid to Intermediaries that provide services to the Fund, including marketing and education support (such as through conferences, webinars and printed communications). The Adviser periodically assesses the advisability of continuing to make these payments. Payments to an Intermediary may be significant to the Intermediary, and amounts that Intermediaries pay to your adviser, broker or other investment professional, if any, may also be significant to such adviser, broker or investment professional. Because an Intermediary may make decisions about what investment options it will make available or recommend, and what services to provide in connection with various products, based on payments it receives or is eligible to receive, such payments create conflicts of interest between the Intermediary and its clients. For example, these financial incentives may cause the Intermediary to recommend the Fund over other investments. The same conflict of interest exists with respect to your financial adviser, broker or investment professional if he or she receives similar payments from his or her Intermediary firm.

Intermediary information is current only as of the date of this SAI. Please contact your adviser, broker or other investment professional for more information regarding any payments his or her Intermediary firm may receive.

**Counsel**

Alston & Bird LLP, 950 F St., NW, Washington, DC, 20004 is counsel to the Trust, including the Fund.

**Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

[_______], serves as the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm and audits the Fund's financial statements and performs other related audit services.

**Compliance and Treasury Services Fee**

PINE Advisors LLC ("PINE") provides compliance and treasury services to the Fund pursuant to service agreements. In consideration for these services, PINE is paid a monthly fee by the Adviser. The Adviser also reimburses PINE for certain out-of-pocket expenses.

**PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE**

The Board has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about the Fund's portfolio securities. Under the policy, portfolio holdings of the Fund, which will form the basis for the calculation of NAV, are publicly disseminated each day the Fund is open for business through financial reporting and news services, including publicly accessible Internet web sites. In addition, a basket composition file, which includes the security names and share quantities to deliver in exchange for Creation Units, together with estimates and actual Cash Amounts is publicly disseminated daily prior to the opening of the Exchange via the National Securities Clearing Corporation ("NSCC"), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC. The basket represents one Creation Unit of the Fund. The Trust, the Adviser, Administrator, Custodian and Distributor will not disseminate non-public information concerning the Trust.

**QUARTERLY PORTFOLIO SCHEDULE**

The Trust is required to disclose, after its first and third fiscal quarters, the complete schedule of the Fund's portfolio holdings with the SEC on Form N-PORT. Form N-PORT for the Fund will be available on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov.

**CODE OF ETHICS**

The Trust and the Adviser have each adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These codes of ethics are designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust and the Adviser from engaging in deceptive, manipulative or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Fund (which may also be held by persons subject to the codes of ethics). Each Code of Ethics permits personnel subject to that Code of Ethics to invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, subject to certain limitations, including limitations related to securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. The Distributor (as defined below) relies on the principal underwriters exception under Rule 17j-1(c)(3), specifically where the Distributor is not affiliated with the Trust and the Adviser, and no officer, director, or general partner of the Distributor serves as an officer, director, or general partner of the Trust or the Adviser.

There can be no assurance that the codes of ethics will be effective in preventing such activities. Each code of ethics may be examined at the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov.

**PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES**

Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies related to portfolio securities for the 12-month period ending June 30 will be available, without charge, upon request, by calling 1-833-595-KURV (5878) or on the Fund's website, www.kurvinvest.com and on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. Proxies for the Fund's portfolio securities are voted in accordance with the Adviser's proxy voting policies and procedures, which are set forth in Appendix A to this SAI.

The Trust is required to disclose annually the Fund's complete proxy voting record on Form N-PX covering the period July 1 through June 30 and file it with the SEC no later than August 31. Form N-PX for the Fund will be available by writing to the Trust, c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202. The Fund's Form N-PX will also be available on the Fund's website, www.kurvinvest.com, and on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.

**BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS**

The policy of the Trust regarding purchases and sales of securities for the Fund is that primary consideration will be given to obtaining the most favorable prices and efficient executions of transactions. Consistent with this policy, when securities transactions are effected on a stock exchange, the Trust's policy is to pay commissions that are considered fair and reasonable without necessarily determining that the lowest possible commissions are paid in all circumstances. The Trust believes that a requirement always to seek the lowest possible commission cost could impede effective portfolio management and preclude the Fund and the Adviser from obtaining a high quality of brokerage and research services. In seeking to determine the reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid in any transaction, the Adviser will rely upon its experience and knowledge regarding commissions generally charged by various brokers and on its judgment in evaluating the brokerage services received from the broker effecting the transaction. Such determinations are necessarily subjective and imprecise, as in most cases, an exact dollar value for those services is not ascertainable. Money market securities and other debt securities are usually bought and sold directly from the issuer or an underwriter or market maker for the securities. Generally, the Fund will not pay brokerage commissions for such purchases. When a debt security is bought from an underwriter, the purchase price will usually include an underwriting commission or concession. The purchase price for securities bought from dealers serving as market makers will similarly include the dealer's mark up or reflect a dealer's mark down. When the Fund executes transactions in the over-the-counter market, it will generally deal with primary market makers unless prices that are more favorable are otherwise obtainable. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of Shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.

The Adviser owes a fiduciary duty to its clients to seek to provide best execution on trades effected. In selecting a broker/dealer for each specific transaction, the Adviser chooses the broker/dealer deemed most capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable execution. "Best execution" is generally understood to mean the most favorable cost or net proceeds reasonably obtainable under the circumstances. The full range of brokerage services applicable to a particular transaction may be considered when making this judgment, which may include, but is not limited to: liquidity, price, commission, timing, aggregated trades, capable floor brokers or traders, competent block trading coverage, ability to position, capital strength and stability, reliable and accurate communications and settlement processing, use of automation, knowledge of other buyers or sellers, arbitrage skills, administrative ability, underwriting and provision of information on a particular security or market in which the transaction is to occur. The specific criteria will vary depending upon the nature of the transaction, the market in which it is executed, and the extent to which it is possible to select from among multiple broker/dealers. The Adviser will also use electronic crossing networks ("ECNs") when appropriate.

Subject to the foregoing policies, brokers or dealers selected to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions may include the Fund's Authorized Participants (as discussed in "Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units" below) or their affiliates. An Authorized Participant or its affiliates may be selected to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions in conjunction with an all-cash creation unit order or an order including "cash-in-lieu" (as described below under "Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units"), so long as such selection is in keeping with the foregoing policies. As described below under "Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units—Creation Transaction Fee" and "—Redemption Transaction Fee", the Fund may determine to not charge a variable fee on certain orders when the Adviser has determined that doing so is in the best interests of Fund shareholders, e.g., for creation orders that facilitate the rebalance of the Fund's portfolio in a more tax efficient manner than could be achieved without such order, even if the decision to not charge a variable fee could be viewed as benefiting the Authorized Participant or its affiliate selected to executed the Fund's portfolio transactions in connection with such orders.

The Fund may deal with affiliates in principal transactions to the extent permitted by exemptive order or applicable rule or regulation.

The Adviser is responsible, subject to oversight by the Board, for placing orders on behalf of the Fund for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the Adviser are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to all by the Adviser. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower brokerage commissions will be beneficial to the Fund. The primary consideration is prompt execution of orders at the most favorable net price.

In certain instances, the Adviser may find it efficient for purposes of seeking to obtain best execution, to aggregate or "bunch" certain contemporaneous purchases or sale orders of its advisory accounts and advisory accounts of affiliates. In general, all contemporaneous trades for client accounts under management by the same portfolio manager or investment team will be bunched in a single order if the trader believes the bunched trade would provide each client with an opportunity to achieve a more favorable execution at a potentially lower execution cost. The costs associated with a bunched order will be shared pro rata among the clients in the bunched order. Generally, if an order for a particular portfolio manager or management team is filled at several different prices through multiple trades, all accounts participating in the order will receive the average price (except in the case of certain international markets where average pricing is not permitted). While in some cases this practice could have a detrimental effect upon the price or value of the security as far as the Fund are concerned, in other cases it could be beneficial to the Fund. Transactions effected by Adviser or the other affiliates on behalf of more than one of its clients during the same period may increase the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold, causing an adverse effect on price. The trader will give the bunched order to the broker-dealer that the trader has identified as being able to provide the best execution of the order. Orders for purchase or sale of securities will be placed within a reasonable amount of time of the order receipt and bunched orders will be kept bunched only long enough to execute the order.

The Fund's purchase and sale orders for securities may be combined with those of other investment companies, clients or accounts that the Adviser manages or advises. If purchases or sales of portfolio securities of the Fund and one or more other accounts managed or advised by the Adviser are considered at or about the same time, transactions in such securities are allocated among the Fund and the other accounts in a manner deemed equitable to all by the Adviser. In some cases, this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as the Fund is concerned. However, in other cases, it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions and to negotiate lower transaction costs will be beneficial to the Fund. The Adviser may deal, trade and invest for its own account in the types of securities in which the Fund may invest. The Fund will not deal with affiliates in principal transactions unless permitted by applicable SEC rules or regulations, or by SEC exemptive order.

Portfolio turnover may vary from year to year, as well as within a year. High turnover rates may result in comparatively greater brokerage expenses.

As permitted by Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the Adviser may cause the Fund to pay a broker-dealer which provides "brokerage and research services" (as defined in the 1934 Act) to the Adviser an amount of disclosed commission or spread (sometimes called "soft dollars") for effecting a securities transaction for the Trust in excess of the commission or spread which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, if the Adviser determines in good faith that the commission is reasonable given the brokerage and/or research services provided by the broker-dealer.

In selecting broker-dealers that provide research or brokerage services that are paid for with soft dollars, potential conflicts of interest may arise between the Adviser and the Trust because the Adviser does not produce or pay for these research or brokerage services, but rather uses brokerage commissions generated by Fund transactions to pay for them. In addition, the Adviser may have an incentive to select a broker-dealer based upon the broker-dealer's research or brokerage services instead of the broker-dealer's ability to achieve best execution.

**EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING**

A discussion of exchange listing and trading matters associated with an investment in the Fund is contained in the Prospectus under the headings "Summary Information— Principal Risks of Investing in The Fund," "Additional Information About The Fund's Investment Strategies and Risks—Risks of Investing in The Fund," "Shareholder Information—Determination of NAV" and "Shareholder Information—Buying and Selling Exchange-Traded Shares." The discussion below supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, such sections of the Prospectus.

The Shares of the Fund are listed on an Exchange and will trade in the secondary market at prices that may differ to some degree from its NAV. The Exchange may but is not required to remove the Shares of the Fund from listing if: (1) following the initial twelve (12) month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial holders of the Shares for 30 or more consecutive trading days, or (2) such other event shall occur or condition exists that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. In addition, an Exchange will remove the Shares from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund. There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares of the Fund will continue to be met.

As in the case of other securities traded on an Exchange, brokers' commissions on transactions are based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.

The Fund is required by the Exchange to comply with certain listing standards (which includes certain investment parameters) in order to maintain its listing on the Exchange. Compliance with these listing standards may compel the Fund to sell securities at an inopportune time or for a price other than the security's then-current market value. The sale of securities in such circumstances could limit the Fund's profit or require the Fund to incur a loss, and as a result, the Fund's performance could be impacted.

**BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM**

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled "Shareholder Information—Buying and Selling Exchange-Traded Shares."

The Depository Trust Company ("DTC") acts as securities depositary for the Shares. Shares of the Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Certificates will not be issued for Shares.

DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants ("DTC Participants") and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly ("Indirect Participants").

Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as "Beneficial Owners") is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares.

Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Fund a listing of the Shares holdings of each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Fund shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants' accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in Shares as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a "street name," and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspects of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such Shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.

DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to the Shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such a replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares, unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange.

**CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS**

**General**

The Fund will issue and sell Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis, without an initial sales load, at their NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined herein), of an order in proper form. An Authorized Participant (defined below) that is not "qualified institutional buyer," as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive, as part of a redemption, restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A.

A "Business Day" with respect to the Fund is any day on which the NYSE is open for business. As of the date of the Prospectus, the NYSE observes the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President's Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

**Fund Deposit**

The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit of the Fund generally consists of Deposit Cash. The Fund may permit or require the in-kind deposit of Deposit Securities per each Creation Unit, constituting all or a portion of a Fund Deposit, computed as described below. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of a "cash in lieu" amount (included in the term "Deposit Cash") to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. When accepting purchases of Creation Units for all or a portion of Deposit Cash, the Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit Securities that would otherwise be provided by an in-kind purchaser.

Together, the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the Cash Component constitute a Fund Deposit, which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of the Fund. The "Cash Component" is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares (per Creation Unit) and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such positive amount. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable), the Cash Component shall be such negative amount and the creator will be entitled to receive cash in an amount equal to the Cash Component. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the value of the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable. Computation of the Cash Component excludes any stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities, if applicable, which shall be the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant.

The Fund, through NSCC, makes available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time), the list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for the Fund. Such Fund Deposit is subject to any applicable adjustments as described below, to effect purchases of Creation Units of the Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities or the required amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, is made available.

The identity and number of Shares of the Deposit Securities or the amount of Deposit Cash, as applicable, required for a Fund Deposit for the Fund changes as rebalancing adjustments and corporate action events are reflected from time to time by the Adviser with a view to the investment objective of the Fund.

The Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of Deposit Cash to replace any Deposit Security, which shall be added to the Cash Component, including, without limitation, in situations where the Deposit Security: (i) may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery; (ii) may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC for corporate securities and municipal securities; (iii) may not be eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor for which it is acting;(iv) would be restricted under the securities laws or where the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws; or (v) in certain other situations (collectively, "custom orders").The adjustments described above will reflect changes, known to the Adviser on the date of announcement to be in effect by the time of delivery of a Fund Deposit, resulting from certain corporate actions.

**Procedures for Purchase of Creation Units**

To be eligible to place orders with the Transfer Agent to purchase a Creation Unit of the Fund, an entity must be (i) a "Participating Party" (i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the "Clearing Process")), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC Participant (see "Book Entry Only System"). In addition, each Participating Party or DTC Participant (each, an "Authorized Participant") must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Transfer Agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Each Authorized Participant will agree, pursuant to the terms of a Participant Agreement, on behalf of itself or any investor on whose behalf it will act, to certain conditions, including that it will pay to the Fund, an amount of cash sufficient to pay the Cash Component together with the creation transaction fee (described below), if applicable, and any other applicable fees and taxes.

All orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund must be placed for one or more Creation Units and in the manner and by the time set forth in the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. The order cut-off time for the Fund for orders to purchase Creation Units is expected to be 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, which time may be modified by the Fund from time-to-time by amendment to the Participant Agreement and/or applicable order form. In the case of custom orders, the order must be received by the Transfer Agent no later than 3:00 p.m. Eastern Time or such earlier time as may be designated by the Fund and disclosed to Authorized Participants. The date on which an order to purchase Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units, as set forth below) is received and accepted is referred to as the "Order Placement Date." In all circumstances, any early cut-off time will be after: (1) the NAV is calculated for the day prior to the Order Placement Date and (2) the portfolio holdings or basket information is published on the Order Placement Date.

An Authorized Participant may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order (e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required). Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to purchase Shares directly from the Fund in Creation Units have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants may have international capabilities.

On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Fund may require orders to create Creation Units to be placed earlier in the day. In addition, if a market or markets on which the Fund's investments are primarily traded is closed, the Fund will also generally not accept orders on such day(s). Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Transfer Agent pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement and in accordance with the applicable order form. On behalf of the Fund, the Transfer Agent will notify the Custodian of such order. The Custodian will then provide such information to the appropriate local sub-custodian(s). Those placing orders through an Authorized Participant should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the purchase order to the Transfer Agent by the cut-off time on such Business Day. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Transfer Agent or an Authorized Participant.

Fund Deposits must be delivered by an Authorized Participant through the Federal Reserve System (for cash) or through DTC (for corporate securities), through a sub-custody agent (for foreign securities) and/or through such other arrangements allowed by the Trust or its agents. With respect to foreign Deposit Securities, the Custodian shall cause the sub-custodian of the Fund to maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, such Deposit Securities (or Deposit Cash for all or a part of such securities, as permitted or required), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by the Trust. Foreign Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local sub-custodian. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the Authorized Participant in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, to the account of the Fund or its agents by no later than 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time (or such other time as specified by the Trust) on the Settlement Date. If the Fund or its agents do not receive all of the Deposit Securities, or the required Deposit Cash in lieu thereof, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. The "Settlement Date" for the Fund is generally the second Business Day after the Order Placement Date. All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash to be delivered, as applicable, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities or cash, as applicable, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash represented by the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than the Settlement Date. If the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, are not received by the Custodian in a timely manner by the Settlement Date, the creation order may be cancelled. Upon written notice to the Transfer Agent, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current NAV of the Fund.

The order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to the applicable cut-off time and the federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m., Eastern Time (as set forth on the applicable order form), with the Custodian on the Settlement Date. If the order is not placed in proper form as required, or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 2:00 p.m. or 3:00 p.m., Eastern Time (as set forth on the applicable order form) on the Settlement Date, then the order may be deemed to be rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. A creation request is considered to be in "proper form" if all procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, order form and this SAI are properly followed.

**Issuance of a Creation Unit**

Except as provided in this SAI, Creation Units will not be issued until the transfer of good title to the Fund of the Deposit Securities or payment of Deposit Cash, as applicable, and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When the sub-custodian has confirmed to the Custodian that the required Deposit Securities (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the relevant sub-custodian or sub-custodians, the Transfer Agent and the Adviser shall be notified of such delivery, and the Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Units. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the second Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Transfer Agent. The Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting from unsettled orders.

Creation Units may be purchased in advance of receipt by the Fund of all or a portion of the applicable Fund Deposit as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) an additional amount of cash equal to a percentage of the value as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the "Additional Cash Deposit"), which shall be maintained in a separate non-interest bearing collateral account. The Authorized Participant must deposit with the Custodian the Additional Cash Deposit, as applicable, by 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time (or such other time as specified by the Trust) on the Settlement Date. If the Fund or its agents do not receive the Additional Cash Deposit in the appropriate amount, by such time, then the order may be deemed rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Fund, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Fund in an amount at least equal to the applicable percentage, as set forth in the Participant Agreement, of the daily market value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Participant Agreement will permit the Fund to buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Fund for the costs incurred by the Fund in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Transfer Agent plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases.

The Fund will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Fund and deposited into the Fund. In addition, a transaction fee, as described below under "Creation Transaction Fee," may be charged. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the Settlement Date.

**Acceptance of Orders of Creation Units**

The Fund reserves the right to reject an order for Creation Units transmitted to it by the Transfer Agent with respect to the Fund including, without limitation, if (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the Deposit Securities or Deposit Cash, as applicable, delivered by the Participant are not as disseminated through the facilities of the NSCC for that date by the Custodian; (c) the investor(s), upon obtaining Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding Shares; (d) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (e) the acceptance or receipt of the order for a Creation Unit would, in the opinion of counsel to the Fund, be unlawful; or (f) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Fund, the Custodian, the Transfer Agent and/or the Adviser make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process orders for Creation Units.

Examples of such circumstances include acts of God or public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Fund, the Distributor, the Custodian, a sub-custodian, the Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC, Federal Reserve System, or any other participant in the creation process, and other extraordinary events. The Transfer Agent shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall either of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification. The Trust, the Transfer Agent, the Custodian and the Distributor shall not be liable for the rejection of any purchase order for Creation Units.

All questions as to the number of Shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Fund, and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.

**Creation Transaction Fee**

A fixed purchase (i.e., creation) transaction fee, payable to the Fund's custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the purchase of Creation Units ("Creation Order Costs"). The standard fixed creation transaction fee for the Fund is $500, regardless of the number of Creation Units created in the transaction. The Fund may adjust the standard fixed creation transaction fee from time to time. The fixed creation fee may be waived on certain orders if the Fund's custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Creation Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee.

Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring Fund Securities from the Fund to their account or on their order.

**Risks of Purchasing Creation Units**

There are certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from the Fund. Because Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a "distribution" of Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that a shareholder performs as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in the shareholder being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render the shareholder a statutory underwriter and subject to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act. For example, a shareholder could be deemed a statutory underwriter if it purchases Creation Units from the Fund, breaks them down into the constituent Shares, and sells those Shares directly to customers, or if a shareholder chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person's activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.

Dealers who are not "underwriters" but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with Shares as part of an "unsold allotment" within the meaning of Section 4(a)(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(a)(3) of the Securities Act.

Redemption. Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Fund through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. Except upon liquidation of the Fund, the Trust will not redeem shares in amounts less than Creation Units. Investors must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.

With respect to the Fund, the Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time) on each Business Day, the list of the names and Share quantities of the Fund's portfolio securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as defined below) on that day ("Fund Securities"). Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities.

Redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit are paid either in-kind or in cash, or combination thereof, as determined by the Fund. With respect to in-kind redemptions of the Fund, redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit will consist of Fund Securities - as announced by the Custodian on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form plus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of Fund Securities (the "Cash Redemption Amount"), less a fixed redemption transaction fee, as applicable, as set forth below. In the event that Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the differential is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the Fund's discretion, an Authorized Participant may receive the corresponding cash value of the securities in lieu of the in-kind securities value representing one or more Fund Securities.

**Redemption Transaction Fee**

A fixed redemption transaction fee, payable to the Fund's custodian, may be imposed for the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units ("Redemption Order Costs"). The standard fixed redemption transaction fee for the Fund is $500 regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed in the transaction. The Fund may adjust the redemption transaction fee from time to time. The fixed redemption fee may be waived on certain orders if the Fund's custodian has determined to waive some or all of the Redemption Order Costs associated with the order or another party, such as the Adviser, has agreed to pay such fee.

Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services. Investors are responsible for the fixed costs of transferring Fund Securities from the Fund to their account or on their order.

**Procedures for Redemption of Creation Units**

Orders to redeem Creation Units must be submitted in proper form to the Transfer Agent prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. A redemption request is considered to be in "proper form" if (i) an Authorized Participant has transferred or caused to be transferred to the Fund's Transfer Agent the Creation Unit(s) being redeemed through the book-entry system of DTC so as to be effective by the time as set forth in the Participant Agreement and (ii) a request in form satisfactory to the Fund is received by the Transfer Agent from the Authorized Participant on behalf of itself or another redeeming investor within the time periods specified in the Participant Agreement. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the investor's Shares through DTC's facilities by the times and pursuant to the other terms and conditions set forth in the Participant Agreement, the redemption request shall be rejected.

The Authorized Participant must transmit the request for redemption, in the form required by the Fund, to the Transfer Agent in accordance with procedures set forth in the Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed an Authorized Participant Agreement, and that, therefore, requests to redeem Creation Units may have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant who has executed an Authorized Participant Agreement. Investors making a redemption request should be aware that such request must be in the form specified by such Authorized Participant. Investors making a request to redeem Creation Units should allow sufficient time to permit proper submission of the request by an Authorized Participant and transfer of the shares to the Fund's Transfer Agent; such investors should allow for the additional time that may be required to effect redemptions through their banks, brokers or other financial intermediaries if such intermediaries are not Authorized Participants.

**Additional Redemption Procedures**

In connection with taking delivery of Shares of Fund Securities upon redemption of Creation Units, a redeeming shareholder or Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such shareholder must maintain appropriate custody arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank or other custody providers in each jurisdiction in which any of Fund Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Fund Securities will be delivered. Deliveries of redemption proceeds generally will be made within two business days of the trade date.

The Fund may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such Shares in cash, and the redeeming investor will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Shares based on the NAV of Shares next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee, if applicable, and additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified above, to offset the Fund's brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). The Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of Fund Securities but does not differ in NAV.

Redemptions of Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Fund could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming investor of Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment. Further, an Authorized Participant that is not a "qualified institutional buyer," ("QIB") as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the Securities Act, will not be able to receive Fund Securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A. An Authorized Participant may be required by the Fund to provide a written confirmation with respect to QIB status to receive Fund Securities.

The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the Fund (1) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of Shares or determination of the NAV of Shares is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.

For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable foreign market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle will be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a foreign market due to emergencies may also prevent the Fund from delivering securities within normal settlement period.

The securities delivery cycles currently practicable for transferring portfolio securities to redeeming investors, coupled with foreign market holiday schedules, will require, in certain circumstances, a delivery process longer than seven calendar days for the Fund. Although certain holidays may occur on different dates in subsequent years, the number of days required to deliver redemption proceeds in any given year is not expected to exceed the maximum number of days listed below for the Fund. The proclamation of new holidays, the treatment by market participants of certain days as "informal holidays" (e.g., days on which no or limited securities transactions occur, as a result of substantially shortened trading hours), the elimination of existing holidays, or changes in local securities delivery practices, could affect the information set forth herein at some time in the future.

**DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE**

NAV for the Fund is determined at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open. NAV is computed by determining the aggregate market value of all assets of the Fund, less its liabilities, divided by the total number of shares outstanding ((assets-liabilities)/number of shares = NAV). The NYSE is closed on weekends and New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The NAV takes into account the expenses and fees of the Fund, including management, administration, and distribution fees, which are accrued daily. The determination of NAV for the Fund for a particular day is applicable to all applications for the purchase of shares, as well as all requests for the redemption of shares, received by the Fund (or an authorized broker or agent, or its authorized designee) before the close of trading on the NYSE on that day.

Generally, securities traded or dealt in upon one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the mean between the current bid and ask prices on such exchange.

If market quotations are not readily available, securities or other assets will be valued at their fair market value as determined in good faith by the Adviser as Valuation Designee subject to oversight by the Board. In these cases, the Fund's NAV will reflect certain portfolio securities' fair value rather than their market price. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security or other asset may be materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security or other asset. The fair value prices can differ from market prices when they become available or when a price becomes available. The Board has delegated execution of these procedures to the Adviser as Valuation Designee. The Adviser may also enlist third party consultants such as an audit firm or financial officer of a security issuer on an as-needed basis to assist in determining a security-specific fair value.

The Fund may use independent pricing services to assist in calculating the value of the Fund's securities or other assets. In addition, market prices for foreign securities are not determined at the same time of day as the NAV for the Fund. Because the Fund may invest in securities primarily listed on foreign exchanges, and these exchanges may trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of some of the Fund's portfolio securities may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Fund shares.

In computing the NAV, the Fund values foreign securities held by the Fund at the latest closing price on the exchange in which they are traded immediately prior to closing of the NYSE. Prices of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates. If events materially affecting the value of a security in the Fund's portfolio, particularly foreign securities, occur after the close of trading on a foreign market but before the Fund prices its shares, the security will be valued at fair value. For example, if trading in a portfolio security is halted and does not resume before the Fund calculates its NAV, the Adviser may need to price the security using the Fund's fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Fund's portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of the Fund's NAV by short term traders. The determination of fair value involves subjective judgments. As a result, using fair value to price a security may result in a price materially different from the prices used by other mutual funds to determine NAV, or from the price that may be realized upon the actual sale of the security.

With respect to any portion of the Fund's assets that are invested in one or more open-end management investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, the Fund's NAV is calculated based upon the NAVs of those open-end management investment companies, and the prospectuses for these companies explain the circumstances under which those companies will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.

**DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS**

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled "Shareholder Information—Distributions."

**General Policies**

The Fund expects to declare and distribute all of its net investment income, if any, to shareholders as dividends at least monthly. The Fund may distribute such income dividends and capital gains more frequently, if necessary, in order to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Fund.

**Dividend Distributions**

Dividends and other distributions on Shares are distributed, as described below, on a pro rata basis to Beneficial Owners of such Shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners then of record with proceeds received from the Fund.

**Dividend Reinvestment Service**

The Fund will not make the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service available for use by Beneficial Owners for reinvestment of their cash proceeds, but certain individual broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by Beneficial Owners of the Fund through DTC Participants for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Investors should contact their brokers to ascertain the availability and description of these services. Beneficial Owners should be aware that each broker may require investors to adhere to specific procedures and timetables in order to participate in the dividend reinvestment service and investors should ascertain from their brokers such necessary details. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares issued by the Fund of the same Fund at NAV per Share. Distributions reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund will nevertheless be taxable to Beneficial Owners acquiring such additional Shares to the same extent as if such distributions had been received in cash.

**CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS**

The Fund does not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company ("DTC") participants.

**TAXES**

The following is a summary of certain additional tax considerations generally affecting the Fund and its shareholders that are not described in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Fund or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.

This "Taxes" section is based on the Code and applicable regulations in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative, regulatory or administrative changes, including provisions of current law that sunset and thereafter no longer apply, or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Fund and its shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.

This is for general information only and not tax advice. All investors should consult their own tax advisors as to the federal, state, local and foreign tax provisions applicable to them.

**Taxation of The Fund**

The Fund will elect and intends to qualify each year to be treated as a separate RIC under the Code. As such, the Fund should not be subject to federal income taxes on its net investment income and capital gains, if any, to the extent that it timely distributes such income and capital gains to its shareholders. To qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must distribute annually to its shareholders at least the sum of 90% of its net investment income (generally including the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and 90% of its net tax-exempt interest income, if any (the "Distribution Requirement") and also must meet several additional requirements. Among these requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of the Fund's gross income each taxable year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or foreign currencies and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships (the "Qualifying Income Requirement"); and (ii) at the end of each quarter of the Fund's taxable year, the Fund's assets must be diversified so that (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, including the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership, and (b) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, the securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (the "Diversification Requirement").

It may not be possible for the Fund to fully implement a replication strategy or a representative sampling strategy of the Reference Index while satisfying the Diversification Requirement. The Fund's efforts to satisfy the Diversification Requirement may affect the Fund's execution of its investment strategy and may cause the Fund's return to deviate from that of the Index, and the Fund's efforts to represent the Index using a sampling strategy, if such a strategy is used at any point, may cause it inadvertently to fail to satisfy the Diversification Requirement.

To the extent the Fund makes investments that may generate income that is not qualifying income, including certain derivatives, the Fund will seek to restrict the resulting income from such investments so that the Fund's non-qualifying income does not exceed 10% of its gross income.

Although the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and may distribute its capital gains for any taxable year, the Fund will be subject to federal income taxation to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. The Fund is treated as a separate corporation for federal income tax purposes. The Fund therefore is considered to be a separate entity in determining its treatment under the rules for RICs described herein. The requirements (other than certain organizational requirements) for qualifying RIC status are determined at the Fund level rather than at the Trust level.

If the Fund fails to satisfy the Qualifying Income Requirement or the Diversification Requirement in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the Diversification Requirement where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period of time. To be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the Diversification Requirement, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions were not available to the Fund and it were to fail to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, all of its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and its distributions (including capital gains distributions) generally would be taxable to the shareholders of the Fund as ordinary income dividends, subject to the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders and the lower tax rates on qualified dividend income received by non-corporate shareholders, subject to certain limitations. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any year in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. If the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, it would generally be required to pay the Fund-level tax on certain net built in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon disposition of such assets within five years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund for treatment as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. If the Fund determines that it will not qualify as a RIC, the Fund will establish procedures to reflect the anticipated tax liability in the Fund's NAV.

The Fund may elect to treat part or all of any "qualified late year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund's taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such "qualified late year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar year. A "qualified late year loss" generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year (commonly referred to as "post-October losses") and certain other late-year losses.

Capital losses in excess of capital gains ("net capital losses") are not permitted to be deducted against a RIC's net investment income. Instead, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, potentially subject to certain limitations, The Fund may carry a net capital loss from any taxable year forward indefinitely to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the Fund and may not be distributed as capital gains to its shareholders. Generally, the Fund may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. The carryover of capital losses may be limited under the general loss limitation rules if the Fund experiences an ownership change as defined in the Code. Capital loss carry forwards will retain their character as either short-term or long-term capital losses.

The Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on certain undistributed income if it does not distribute to its shareholders in each calendar year an amount at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, subject to an increase for any shortfall in the prior year's distribution. In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, and avoid being subject to federal income or excise taxes at the Fund level, the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net investment income and net realized capital gains within each calendar year as well as on a fiscal year basis (if the fiscal year is other than the calendar year), and intends to comply with other tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies.

If the Fund meets the Distribution Requirement but retains some or all of its income or gains, it will be subject to federal income tax to the extent any such income or gains are not distributed. The Fund may designate certain amounts retained as undistributed net capital gain in a notice to its shareholders, who (i) will be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their proportionate shares of the undistributed amount so designated, (ii) will be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the income tax paid by the Fund on that undistributed amount against their federal income tax liabilities and to claim refunds to the extent such credits exceed their tax liabilities, and (iii) will be entitled to increase their tax basis, for federal income tax purposes, in their Shares by an amount equal to the excess of the amount of undistributed net capital gain included in their respective income over their respective income tax credits.

**Taxation of Shareholders – Distributions**

The distribution of investment company taxable income (as so computed) and net capital gain will be taxable to Fund shareholders regardless of whether the shareholder receives these distributions in cash or reinvests them in additional Shares.

The Fund (or your broker) will report to shareholders annually the amounts of dividends paid from ordinary income, the amount of distributions of net capital gain, the portion of dividends which may qualify for the dividends received deduction for corporations, and the portion of dividends which may qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income, which is taxable to non-corporate shareholders at rates of up to 20%.

Distributions from the Fund's net capital gain will be taxable to shareholders at long-term capital gains rates, regardless of how long shareholders have held their Shares.

Qualified dividend income includes, in general and subject to certain holding period and other requirements, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations. Subject to certain limitations, eligible foreign corporations include those incorporated in possessions of the United States, those incorporated in certain countries with comprehensive tax treaties with the United States, and other foreign corporations if the stock with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Dividends received by the Fund from an ETF or an underlying fund taxable as a RIC or a REIT may be treated as qualified dividend income generally only to the extent so reported by such ETF, underlying fund or REIT. If 95% or more of the Fund's gross income (calculated without taking into account net capital gain derived from sales or other dispositions of stock or securities) consists of qualified dividend income, the Fund may report all distributions of such income as qualified dividend income.

Fund dividends will not be treated as qualified dividend income if the Fund does not meet holding period and other requirements with respect to dividend paying stocks in its portfolio, and the shareholder does not meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Shares on which the dividends were paid. Distributions by the Fund of its net short-term capital gains will be taxable as ordinary income. Distributions from the Fund's net capital gain will be taxable to shareholders at long-term capital gains rates, regardless of how long shareholders have held their Shares. Distributions may be subject to state and local taxes.

In the case of corporate shareholders, certain dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations (generally, dividends received by the Fund in respect of any share of stock (1) with a tax holding period of at least 46 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date that is 45 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend and (2) that is held in an unleveraged position) and distributed and appropriately so reported by the Fund may be eligible for the 70% dividends-received deduction. Certain preferred stock must have a holding period of at least 91 days during the 181-day period beginning on the date that is 90 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend as to that dividend in order to be eligible. Capital gain dividends distributed to the Fund from other RICs are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction. In order to qualify for the deduction, corporate shareholders must meet the minimum holding period requirement stated above with respect to their Shares, taking into account any holding period reductions from certain hedging or other transactions or positions that diminish their risk of loss with respect to their Shares, and, if they borrow to acquire or otherwise incur debt attributable to Shares, they may be denied a portion of the dividends-received deduction with respect to those Shares.

Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, any dividend declared by the Fund in October, November or December and payable to shareholders of record in such a month that is paid during the following January will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which it was declared.

U.S. individuals with adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) exceeding certain threshold amounts ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a "surviving spouse" for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases) are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on all or a portion of their "net investment income," which includes taxable interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gain distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

Shareholders who have not held Shares for a full year should be aware that the Fund may report and distribute, as ordinary dividends or capital gain dividends, a percentage of income that is not equal to the percentage of the Fund's ordinary income or net capital gain, respectively, actually earned during the applicable shareholder's period of investment in the Fund. A taxable shareholder may wish to avoid investing in the Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because the distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of the shareholder's investment.

To the extent that the Fund makes a distribution of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a "substitute payment") with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders.

If the Fund's distributions exceed its earnings and profits, all or a portion of the distributions made for a taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder's cost basis in the Fund and result in a higher capital gain or lower capital loss when Shares on which the distribution was received are sold. After a shareholder's basis in Shares has been reduced to zero, distributions in excess of earnings and profits will be treated as gain from the sale of the shareholder's Shares.

**Taxation of Shareholders – Sale of Shares**

A sale, redemption, or exchange of Shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares will be treated as long- term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, the gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Shares will generally be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss, rather than short- term capital loss, to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the shareholder of long-term capital gain (including any amounts credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gains). All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Shares may be disallowed if substantially identical Shares are acquired (through the reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly acquired Shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

The cost basis of Shares acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale or exchange of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account. An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time and the sum of the exchanger's aggregate basis in the securities surrendered plus the amount of cash paid for such Creation Units. A person who redeems Creation Units will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanger's basis in the Creation Units and the sum of the aggregate market value of any securities received plus the amount of any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"), however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot currently be deducted under the rules governing "wash sales" (for a person who does not mark-to-market its portfolio) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position.

Any capital gain or loss realized upon the creation of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the securities exchanged for such Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Any capital gain or loss realized upon the redemption of Creation Units will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if Shares comprising the Creation Units have been held for more than one year. Otherwise, such capital gains or losses will generally be treated as short-term capital gains or losses. Any loss upon a redemption of Creation Units held for six months or less may be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the applicable Authorized Participant of long-term capital gain with respect to the Creation Units (including any amounts credited to the Authorized Participant as undistributed capital gains).

The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has the right to reject an order for Creation Units if the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the deposit securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require the provision of information necessary to determine beneficial Share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination. If the Fund does issue Creation Units to a purchaser (or a group of purchasers) that would, upon obtaining the Creation Units so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding Shares, the purchaser (or a group of purchasers) will not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of securities for Creation Units.

Persons purchasing or redeeming Creation Units should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the tax treatment of any creation or redemption transaction and whether the wash sales rule applies and when a loss may be deductible.

**Taxation of Fund Investments**

Certain of the Fund's investments may be subject to complex provisions of the Code (including provisions relating to hedging transactions, straddles, integrated transactions, foreign currency contracts, forward foreign currency contracts, and notional principal contracts) that, among other things, may affect the Fund's ability to qualify as a RIC, affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund (e.g., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and defer losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also may require the Fund to mark to market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out) which may cause the Fund to recognize income without the Fund receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts sufficient to enable the Fund to satisfy the RIC distribution requirements for avoiding income and excise taxes. The Fund intends to monitor its transactions, intends to make appropriate tax elections, and intends to make appropriate entries in its books and records in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and preserve the Fund's qualification for treatment as a RIC. To the extent the Fund invests in an underlying fund that is taxable as a RIC, the rules applicable to the tax treatment of complex securities will also apply to the underlying funds that also invest in such complex securities and investments.

**Backup Withholding**

The Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold (as "backup withholding") on amounts payable to any shareholder who (1) fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number certified under penalty of perjury; (2) is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report all payments of interest or dividends; (3) fails to provide a certified statement that he or she is not subject to "backup withholding"; or (4) fails to provide a certified statement that he or she is a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien). The backup withholding rate is 24%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder's ultimate U.S. tax liability. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor permanent residents of the United States.

**Foreign Shareholders**

Any non-U.S. investors in the Fund may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and shareholders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors prior to investing in the Fund. Foreign shareholders (i.e., nonresident alien individuals and foreign corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates) are generally subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower tax treaty rate) on distributions derived from taxable ordinary income. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an "interest-related dividend" or a "short-term capital gain dividend," which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Short-term capital gain dividends received by a nonresident alien individual who is present in the U.S. for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year are not exempt from this 30% withholding tax. Gains realized by foreign shareholders from the sale or other disposition of Shares generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless the recipient is an individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. Foreign shareholders who fail to provide an applicable IRS form may be subject to backup withholding on certain payments from the Fund. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that are subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax described in this paragraph. Different tax consequences may result if the foreign shareholder is engaged in a trade or business within the United States. In addition, the tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of a tax treaty may be different than those described above.

Unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold Shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to Fund distributions payable to such entities and with respect to redemptions and certain capital gain dividends payable to such entities after December 31, 2018. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of the agreement.

For foreign shareholders to qualify for an exemption from backup withholding, described above, the foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign shareholders in the Fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.

**Tax-Exempt Shareholders**

Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements, 401(k) plans, and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income ("UBTI"). Under current law, the Fund generally serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders with respect to their Shares of Fund income. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, tax- exempt shareholders could realize UBTI by virtue of their investment in the Fund if, for example, (i) the Fund invests in residual interests of Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits ("REMICs"), (ii) the Fund invests in a REIT that is a taxable mortgage pool ("TMP") or that has a subsidiary that is a TMP or that invests in the residual interest of a REMIC, or (iii) Shares constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholders within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special rules and should consult their tax advisers. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are strongly encouraged to consult with their tax advisers regarding these issues.

**Certain Potential Tax Reporting Requirements**

Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss on disposition of Shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC are not excepted. Significant penalties may be imposed for the failure to comply with the reporting requirements. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

**State Tax**

In those states that have income tax laws, the tax treatment of the Fund and of Fund shareholders with respect to distributions by the Fund may differ from federal tax treatment.

**Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions**

Set forth below is a general description of the tax treatment of certain types of securities, investment techniques and transactions that may apply to the Fund and, in turn, affect the amount, character and timing of dividends and distributions payable by the Fund to its shareholders. This section should be read in conjunction with the discussion above under "Description of Permitted Investments" for a detailed description of the various types of securities and investment techniques that apply to the Fund.

<u>In General</u>. In general, gain or loss recognized by the Fund on the sale or other disposition of portfolio investments will be a capital gain or loss. Such capital gain and loss may be long-term or short-term depending, in general, upon the length of time a particular investment position is maintained and, in some cases, upon the nature of the transaction. Property held for more than one year generally will be eligible for long-term capital gain or loss treatment. The application of certain rules described below may serve to alter the manner in which the holding period for a security is determined or may otherwise affect the characterization as long-term or short-term, and also the timing of the realization and/or character, of certain gains or losses.

<u>Options, Futures, Forward Contracts and Hedging Transactions</u>. In general, option premiums received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If an option written by the Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund's basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities purchased. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of the Fund's obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and related sale or delivery of the underlying stock generally will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.

The tax treatment of certain futures contracts entered into by the Fund as well as listed non-equity options written or purchased by the Fund on U.S. exchanges (including options on futures contracts, broad-based equity indices and debt securities) may be governed by section 1256 of the Code ("section 1256 contracts"). Gains or losses on section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses ("60/40"), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, any section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are "marked to market" with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.

In addition to the special rules described above in respect of options and futures transactions, the Fund's transactions in other derivative instruments (including options and forward contracts) as well as its other hedging, short sale, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (including the constructive sale, notional principal contract, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary or capital or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund's securities. These rules, therefore, could affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to shareholders. Moreover, because the tax rules applicable to derivative financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid Fund-level tax.

Certain of the Fund's investments in derivatives and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and the Fund's transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, may produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If the Fund's book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company. If the Fund's book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution of any such excess will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund's remaining earnings and profits (including current earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income, reduced by related deductions), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient's basis in the Shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.

<u>Foreign Currency Transactions</u>. The Fund's transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. This treatment could increase or decrease the Fund's ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the Fund's previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital. In certain cases, the Fund may make an election to treat such gain or loss as capital.

<u>Wholly Owned Subsidiary.</u> The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in its Subsidiary, which will be classified as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A foreign corporation, such as the Subsidiary, will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless it is deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. It is expected that the Subsidiary will conduct its activities in a manner so as to meet the requirements of a safe harbor under Section 864(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code (the "Safe Harbor") pursuant to which the Subsidiary, provided it is not a dealer in stocks, securities or commodities, may engage in the following activities without being deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business: (1) trading in stocks or securities (including contracts or options to buy or sell securities) for its own account; and (2) trading, for its own account, in commodities that are "of a kind customarily dealt in on an organized commodity exchange" if the transaction is of a kind customarily consummated at such place. Thus, the Subsidiary's securities and commodities trading activities should not constitute a U.S. trade or business. However, if certain of the Subsidiary's activities were determined not to be of the type described in the Safe Harbor or if the Subsidiary's gains are attributable to investments in securities that constitute U.S. real property interests (which is not expected), then the activities of the Subsidiary may constitute a U.S. trade or business, and be taxed as such.

In general, a foreign corporation that does not conduct a U.S. trade or business is nonetheless subject to tax at a flat rate of 30 percent (or lower tax treaty rate), generally payable through withholding, on the gross amount of certain U.S.-source income that is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. There is presently no tax treaty in force between the U.S. and the Cayman Islands that would reduce this rate of withholding tax. Income subject to such a flat tax includes dividends and certain interest income. The 30 percent tax does not apply to U.S.-source capital gains (whether long-term or short-term) or to interest paid to a foreign corporation on its deposits with U.S. banks. The 30 percent tax also does not apply to interest which qualifies as "portfolio interest." The term "portfolio interest" generally includes interest (including original issue discount) on an obligation in registered form which has been issued after July 18, 1984 and with respect to which the person, who would otherwise be required to deduct and withhold the 30 percent tax, received the required statement that the beneficial owner of the obligation is not a U.S. person within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code. Under certain circumstances, interest on bearer obligations may also be considered portfolio interest.

The Subsidiary will be considered a controlled foreign corporation ("CFC") and the Fund will be required to include as income annually amounts earned by the Subsidiary during that year. The Fund will be subject to the distribution requirements described above on such Subsidiary income, whether or not the Subsidiary makes a distribution to the Fund during the taxable year. The Fund expects its income with respect to its Subsidiary to be qualifying income. There is a risk that the IRS could issue regulations or other guidance holding, or could assert, that the Fund's income with respect to its Subsidiary will not be considered "qualifying income" for purposes of the Fund remaining qualified as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In such circumstances, the Fund may be required to make changes to its operations, which may reduce the Fund's ability to gain investment exposure to commodities. Fund shareholders may also experience adverse tax consequences in such circumstances.

In addition, the Fund's income from its Subsidiary will be treated as ordinary income. If the Fund were able to invest directly in commodity-linked derivatives, its gains and losses would generally be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term gain or loss, to the extent such derivatives are subject to the rules for Section 1256 futures contracts.

The Subsidiary will be wholly owned by the Fund. A U.S. person who owns (directly, indirectly or constructively) 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of a foreign corporation is a "U.S. Shareholder" for purposes of the CFC provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. A foreign corporation is a CFC if, on any day of its taxable year, more than 50 percent of the voting power or value of its stock is owned (directly, indirectly or constructively) by "U.S. Shareholders." Because the Fund is a U.S. person that will own all of the stock of its Subsidiary, the Fund will be a "U.S. Shareholder" and the Subsidiary will be a CFC. As a "U.S. Shareholder," the Fund will be required to include in gross income for United States federal income tax purposes all of its Subsidiary's "subpart F income" (defined, in part, below), whether or not such income is distributed by the Subsidiary. It is expected that all of the Subsidiary's income will be "subpart F income." "Subpart F income" generally includes interest, original issue discount, dividends, net gains from the disposition of stocks or securities, receipts with respect to securities loans and net payments received with respect to equity swaps and similar derivatives. "Subpart F income" also includes the excess of gains over losses from transactions (including futures, forward and similar transactions) in any commodities. The Fund's recognition of its Subsidiary's "subpart F income" will increase the Fund's tax basis in the Subsidiary. Distributions by the Subsidiary to the Fund will be tax-free, to the extent of its previously undistributed "subpart F income," and will correspondingly reduce the Fund's tax basis in the Subsidiary. "Subpart F income" is generally treated as ordinary income, regardless of the character of a Subsidiary's underlying income.

In general, each "U.S. Shareholder" is required to file IRS Form 5471 with its U.S. federal income tax (or information) returns providing information about its ownership of the CFC. In addition, a "U.S. Shareholder" may in certain circumstances be required to report a disposition of shares in a Subsidiary by attaching IRS Form 5471 to its U.S. federal income tax (or information) return that it would normally file for the taxable year in which the disposition occurs. In general, these filing requirements will apply to investors of the Fund if the investor is a U.S. person who owns directly, indirectly or constructively (within the meaning of Sections 958(a) and (b) of the Internal Revenue Code) 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of voting stock of a foreign corporation that is a CFC for an uninterrupted period of 30 days or more during any tax year of the foreign corporation, and who owned that stock on the last day of that year.

<u>PFIC Investments</u>. The Fund may invest in securities of foreign companies that may be classified under the Code as PFICs. In general, a foreign company is classified as a PFIC if at least one-half of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is investment-type income. When investing in PFIC securities, the Fund intends to mark-to-market these securities under certain provisions of the Code and recognize any unrealized gains as ordinary income at the end of the Fund's fiscal and excise tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold or received dividends from these securities. You should also be aware that the designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause its income dividends to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by the Fund. Foreign companies are not required to identify themselves as PFICs. Due to various complexities in identifying PFICs, the Fund can give no assurances that it will be able to identify portfolio securities in foreign corporations that are PFICs in time for the Fund to make a mark-to-market election. If the Fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any "excess distribution" or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Fund to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains.

<u>Securities Lending</u>. While securities are loaned out by the Fund, the Fund generally will receive from the borrower amounts equal to any dividends or interest paid on the borrowed securities. For federal income tax purposes, payments made "in lieu of" dividends are not considered dividend income. These distributions will neither qualify for the reduced rate of taxation for individuals on qualified dividends nor the 70% dividends received deduction for corporations. Also, any foreign tax withheld on payments made "in lieu of" dividends or interest will not qualify for the pass-through of foreign tax credits to shareholders.

<u>Investments in Securities of Uncertain Tax Character</u>. The Fund may invest in securities the U.S. federal income tax treatment of which may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the IRS. To the extent the tax treatment of such securities or the income from such securities differs from the tax treatment expected by the Fund, it could affect the timing or character of income recognized by the Fund, requiring the Fund to purchase or sell securities, or otherwise change its portfolio, in order to comply with the tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code.

<u>Investment in Certain ETPs and Certain Direct Fund Investments</u>

The Fund may invest in ETPs that are taxable as RICs under the Internal Revenue Code. Any income the Fund receives from such ETPs should be qualifying income for purposes of the 90% Test. The Fund may also invest in one or more ETPs that are not taxable as RICs under the Internal Revenue Code and that may generate non-qualifying income for purposes of the 90% Test. Similarly, the Fund may make certain direct investments that may produce non-qualifying income for purposes of the 90% Test. The Adviser anticipates monitoring investments that may produce non-qualifying income to ensure that the Fund satisfies the 90% Test. Nevertheless, non-qualifying income of the Fund may be more than anticipated, the Fund may be unable to generate qualifying income at levels sufficient to ensure it satisfies the 90% Test, or the Fund might not be able to determine the percentage of qualifying income it derives for a taxable year until after year-end. In any such case, the Fund could fail the 90% Test and, if the relief provisions discussed above are unavailable, fail to qualify as a RIC.

The Fund may invest in ETPs that are structured in a manner that causes income, gains, losses, credits and deductions of the ETPs to be taken into account for U.S. federal income tax purposes by those Fund whether or not any distributions are made from the ETPs to the Fund. Thus, the Fund may be required to take into account income or gains in a taxable year without receiving any cash and may have to sell assets to distribute such income or gains. Those sales will generally result in additional taxable gain or loss and may occur at a time when the Adviser would not otherwise have chosen to sell such securities.

Options, Swaps and Other Complex Securities. The Fund and certain of the ETPs in which the Fund invest may invest in complex securities such as equity options, index options, repurchase agreements, foreign currency contracts, hedges and swaps, transactions treated as straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and futures contracts. These investments may be subject to numerous special and complex tax rules. These rules could affect the Fund's (and certain ETPs') ability to qualify as a RIC, affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund or ETPs are treated as ordinary income or long-term or short-term capital gain, accelerate the recognition of income to the Fund or ETPs and/or defer the Fund's or ETPs' ability to recognize losses. In turn, those rules may affect the amount, timing or character of the income distributed by the Fund.

Certain derivative investments by the Fund, such as exchange-traded products and over-the-counter derivatives may not produce qualifying income for purposes of the "90% Test" described above, which must be met in order for the Fund to maintain its status as a RIC under the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, the determination of the value and the identity of the issuer of such derivative investments are often unclear for purposes of the "Asset Test" described above. The Fund intend to carefully monitor such investments to ensure that any non-qualifying income does not exceed permissible limits and to ensure that they are adequately diversified under the Asset Test. The Fund, however, may not be able to accurately predict the non-qualifying income from these investments and there are no assurances that the IRS will agree with the Fund's determination of the "Asset Test" with respect to such derivatives.

With respect to any investments in STRIPS, Treasury Receipts, other zero coupon, payment-in-kind, and similar securities which are sold at original issue discount and thus do not make periodic cash interest payments, the Fund or an ETP will generally be required to include as part of its current income the imputed interest on such obligations even though the Fund or ETP has not received any interest payments on such obligations during that period.

Because the Fund intends to distribute all of its net investment income to its shareholders, the Fund may have to sell Fund securities to distribute such imputed income which may occur at a time when the Adviser would not have chosen to sell such securities and which may result in taxable gain or loss and may affect the amount and timing of distributions from the Fund.

Any market discount recognized on a bond is taxable as ordinary income. A market discount bond is a bond acquired in the secondary market at a price below redemption value or adjusted issue price if issued with original issue discount. Absent an election by the Fund to include the market discount in income as it accrues, gain on the Fund's disposition of such an obligation will be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain to the extent of the accrued market discount.

The Fund may be required for federal income tax purposes to mark-to-market and recognize as income and loss for each taxable year their net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures contracts and options as of the end of the year as well as those actually realized during the year. Options on "broad based" securities indices are classified as "non-equity options" under the Internal Revenue Code. Gains and losses resulting from the expiration, exercise, or closing of such non-equity options, as well as gains and losses resulting from futures contract transactions, will be treated as 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss (hereinafter, "blended gain or loss"). In addition, any non-equity option and futures contract held by the Fund on the last day of a fiscal year will be treated as sold for market value on that date, and gain or loss recognized as a result of such deemed sale will be blended gain or loss. The Fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on futures contracts, options contracts and swaps to the extent of any unrecognized gains on offsetting positions held by the Fund. These provisions may also require the Fund to mark-to-market certain types of positions in their portfolios (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out), which may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and for avoiding the excise tax discussed above. Accordingly, in order to avoid certain income and excise taxes, the Fund may be required to liquidate as investments at a time when the investment adviser might not otherwise have chosen to do so.

In general, for purposes of the 90% Test described above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the Fund. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a "qualified publicly traded partnership" (generally, a partnership (i) interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof, (ii) that derives at least 90% of its income from the passive income sources specified in Internal Revenue Code section 7704(d), and (iii) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in (i) of the prior paragraph) will be treated as qualifying income. In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a RIC with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.

Any transactions in foreign currencies and forward foreign currency contracts will be subject to provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and losses realized by the Fund or an ETP (i.e., may affect whether gains or losses are ordinary or capital), may accelerate recognition of income by the Fund or an ETP and may defer Fund losses. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to the Fund's shareholders. These provisions also may require the Fund or an ETP to mark-to-market certain types of positions in its portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out), which may cause The Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to facilitate satisfaction of the distribution requirements for avoiding the income and excise taxes.

The U.S. Treasury Department has authority to issue regulations that would exclude foreign currency gains from the 90% Test described above if such gains are not directly related to the Fund's business of investing in stock or securities (or options and futures with respect to stock or securities). Accordingly, regulations may be issued in the future that could treat some or all of the Fund's non-U.S. currency gains as non-qualifying income, thereby potentially jeopardizing the Fund's status as a RIC for all years to which the regulations are applicable.

If the Fund owns shares in certain foreign investment entities, referred to as "passive foreign investment companies" or "PFICs," the Fund will generally be subject to one or more of the following special tax regimes: (i) The Fund may be liable for U.S. federal income tax, and an additional interest charge, on a portion of any "excess distribution" from such foreign entity or any gain from the disposition of such shares, even if the entire distribution or gain is paid out by the Fund as a dividend to its shareholders, (ii) if the Fund were able and elected to treat a PFIC as a "qualified electing fund" or "QEF," the Fund would be required each year to include in income, and distribute to shareholders in accordance with the distribution requirements set forth above, the Fund's pro rata share of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the passive foreign investment company, whether or not such earnings or gains are distributed to the Fund, or (iii) the Fund may be entitled to mark-to-market annually shares of the PFIC, whether or not any distributions are made to the Fund, and in such event would be required to distribute to shareholders any such mark-to-market gains in accordance with the distribution requirements set forth above. The Fund may have to distribute to its shareholders certain "phantom" income and gains such Fund accrues with respect to its investment in a PFIC in order to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and to avoid imposition of the excise tax. Such Fund intends to make the appropriate tax elections, if possible, and take any additional steps that are necessary to mitigate the effect of these rules.

<u>Short Sales</u>

In general, gain or loss on a short sale is recognized when the Fund closes the sale by delivering the borrowed property to the lender, not when the borrowed property is sold. Gain or loss from a short sale by the Fund is generally considered as capital gain or loss to the extent that the property used to close the short sale constitutes a capital asset in the Fund's hands. Except with respect to certain situations where the property used by the Fund to close a short sale has a long-term holding period on the date of the short sale, the gains on short sales are generally treated as short-term capital gains. These rules may also affect the holding period of "substantially identical property" held by the Fund. Moreover, the Fund's loss on a short sale will be treated as a long-term capital loss if, on the date of the short sale, "substantially identical property" has been held by the Fund for more than one year. In general, the Fund will not be permitted to deduct payments made to reimburse the lender of securities for dividends paid on borrowed stock if the short sale is closed on or before the 45th day after the short sale is entered into.

<u>Derivatives Strategies</u>

The use of derivatives strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options and futures contracts and entering into forward contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for income tax purposes the amount, character, and timing of recognition of the gains and losses the Fund realizes in connection therewith. Gains from the disposition of foreign currencies (except certain gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations), and gains from options, futures, and forward contracts the Fund derives with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign currencies, will be treated as Qualifying Income. The Fund will monitor its transactions, make appropriate tax elections, and make appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any foreign currency, option, futures contract, forward contract, or hedged investment to mitigate the effect of these rules, prevent its disqualification as a RIC, and minimize the imposition of federal income and excise taxes.

Some futures contracts (other than "securities futures contracts," as defined in Code section 1234B(c)), foreign currency contracts, and "nonequity options" (i.e., certain listed options, such as those on a "broad-based" securities index) in which the Fund invests may be subject to Code section 1256 (collectively "section 1256 contracts"). Section 1256 contracts that the Fund holds at the end of its taxable year must be " marked-to-market " (that is, treated as having been sold at that time for their fair market value) for federal income tax purposes, with the result that unrealized gains or losses will be treated as though they were realized. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales of section 1256 contracts, will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. These rules may operate to increase the amount that the Fund must distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement (i.e., with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them, and to increase the net capital gain the Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it. The Fund may elect not to have the foregoing rules apply to any "mixed straddle" (that is, a straddle, which the Fund clearly identifies in accordance with applicable regulations, at least one (but not all) of the positions of which are section 1256 contracts), although doing so may have the effect of increasing the relative proportion of short-term capital gain (taxable as ordinary income) and thus increasing the amount of dividends it must distribute. Section 1256 contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of the Excise Tax.

Code section 1092 (dealing with straddles) also may affect the taxation of options, futures, and forward contracts in which the Fund may invest. That section defines a "straddle" as offsetting positions with respect to actively traded personal property; for these purposes, options, futures and forward contracts are positions in personal property. Under that section any loss from the disposition of a position in a straddle may be deducted only to the extent the loss exceeds the unrealized gain on the offsetting position(s) of the straddle. In addition, these rules may postpone the recognition of loss that otherwise would be recognized under the mark-to-market rules discussed above. The regulations under section 1092 also provide certain "wash sale" rules, which apply to transactions where a position is sold at a loss and a new offsetting position is acquired within a prescribed period, and "short sale" rules applicable to straddles. If the Fund makes certain elections, the amount, character, and timing of recognition of gains and losses from the affected straddle positions would be determined under rules that vary according to the elections made. Because only a few of the regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the tax consequences to the Fund of straddle transactions are not entirely clear.

If a call option written by the Fund lapses (i.e., terminates without being exercised), the amount of the premium it received for the option will be short-term capital gain. If the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction with respect to a written call option, it will have a short-term capital gain or loss based on the difference between the premium it received for the option it wrote and the premium it pays for the option it buys. If such an option is exercised and the Fund thus sells the securities or futures contract subject to the option, the premium the Fund received will be added to the exercise price to determine the gain or loss on the sale. If a call option purchased by the Fund lapses, it will realize short-term or long-term capital loss, depending on its holding period for the security or futures contract subject thereto. If the Fund exercises a purchased call option, the premium it paid for the option will be added to the basis of the subject securities or futures contract.

If the Fund has an "appreciated financial position" -- generally, an interest (including an interest through an option, futures or forward contract, or short sale) with respect to any stock, debt instrument (other than "straight debt"), or partnership interest the fair market value of which exceeds its adjusted basis -- and enters into a "constructive sale" of the position, the Fund will be treated as having made an actual sale thereof, with the result that it will recognize gain at that time. A constructive sale generally consists of a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract or a futures or forward contract the Fund or a related person enters into with respect to the same or substantially identical property. In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to any Fund's transaction during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing (i.e., at no time during that 60-day period is the Fund's risk of loss regarding that position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).

**CAPITAL STOCK**

The Trust issues Shares of beneficial interest with no par value. The Board may designate additional series of the Trust.

Each share issued by the Trust has a pro rata interest in the assets of the corresponding Fund. Shares have no pre-emptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each Share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant Fund, and in the net distributable assets of such Fund on liquidation.

Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder and each fractional Share has a proportional fractional vote. Shares of all Funds vote together as a single class except that if the matter being voted on affects only a particular fund it will be voted on only by that fund, and if a matter affects a particular fund differently from another fund, that fund will vote separately on such matter. Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. The policy of the Trust is not to hold an annual meeting of shareholders unless required to do so under the 1940 Act. All Shares of the Trust have noncumulative voting rights for the election of Trustees. Under Delaware law, Trustees of the Trust may be removed by vote of the shareholders.

Under Delaware law, shareholders of a statutory trust may have similar limitations on liability as shareholders of a corporation.

**SHAREHOLDER REPORTS**

The Trust will issue through DTC Participants to its shareholders' tailored shareholder reports containing summary information on the Fund's expenses, holdings, material changes and such other information as may be required by applicable laws, rules and regulations. Beneficial Owners also receive annually notification as to the tax status of the Fund's distributions.

Shareholder inquiries may be made by writing to the Fund at c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202.

**FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

The Fund has not commenced investment operations and, therefore, has not produced financial statements. Once produced, you can obtain a copy of the financial statements contained in the Fund's annual or semi-Annual report on Form N-CSR without charge by calling the Trust at 1-833-595-KURV (5878).

**APPENDIX A: KURV INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC<br>PROXY VOTING/CLASS ACTION LITIGATION POLICY**

**Background**

An investment adviser owes a duty of care and loyalty to its clients with respect to monitoring corporate events and exercising proxy authority in the best interests of such clients. Kurv Investment Management LLC will adhere to Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act and applicable laws and regulations in regard to the voting of proxies. As a result, investment advisers must conduct a reasonable review into matters on which the adviser votes and to vote in the best interest of the client.

**Policies and Procedures**

Kurv Investment Management LLC has the authority to vote proxies with respect of securities in its managed single stock ETF funds ("Client Securities") over which Kurv Investment Management LLC has voting discretion. In such cases, Kurv Investment Management LLC will cast proxy votes in a manner that is consistent with the best interests of Kurv Investment Management LLC's clients. Where Kurv Investment Management LLC undertakes proxy voting responsibilities on behalf of multiple clients, it shall consider whether it should have different voting policies for some or all of these different clients, depending on the investment strategy and objectives of each client. These proxy voting policies and procedures are designed to deal with the complexities which may arise in cases where Kurv Investment Management LLC's interests conflict or appear to conflict with the interests of its clients and to provide a copy of proxy voting and these procedures upon client request. Kurv Investment Management LLC will also make available the record of Kurv Investment Management LLC's votes promptly upon request.

Unless contractually obligated to vote in a certain manner, Kurv Investment Management LLC will reach its voting decisions independently, after appropriate investigation. It does not generally intend to delegate its decision-making or to rely on the recommendations of any third party, although it may take such recommendations into consideration. Where Kurv Investment Management LLC deviates from the guidelines listed below, or depends upon a third party to make the decision, the reasons shall be documented. Kurv Investment Management LLC may consult with such other experts, such as CPA's, investment bankers, attorneys, etc., as it deems necessary to help reach informed decisions.

The CCO is responsible for monitoring the effectiveness of this policy.

Kurv Investment Management LLC generally will monitor proposed corporate actions and proxy issues regarding client securities and may take any of the following actions based on the best interests of its clients: (i) determine how to vote the proxies; or (ii) abstain.

In general, Kurv Investment Management LLC will determine how to vote proxies based on reasonable judgment of the vote most likely to produce favorable financial results for its clients. Proxy votes generally will be cast in favor of proposals that maintain or strengthen the shared interests of shareholders. Proxy votes generally will be cast against proposals having the opposite effect. Kurv Investment Management LLC will always consider each side of each proxy issue.

**Non-Voting of Proxies**

Kurv Investment Management LLC will generally not vote proxies in the following situations:

● Proxies are received for equity securities where, at the time of receipt, Kurv Investment Management LLC's position, across all clients that it advises, is less than, or equal to, 1% of the total outstanding voting equity (an "immaterial position"); or

● Proxies are received for equity securities where, at the time of receipt, Kurv Investment Management LLC's clients no longer hold that position.

**Management Proposals**

Absent good reason to the contrary, Kurv Investment Management LLC will generally give substantial weight to management recommendations regarding voting. This is based on the view that management is usually in the best position to know which corporate actions are in the best interests of common shareholders as a whole.

Kurv Investment Management LLC will generally vote for routine matters proposed by issuer management, such as setting a time or place for an annual meeting, changing the name or fiscal year of the company, or voting for directors in favor of the management proposed slate. Other routine matters in which Kurv Investment Management LLC will generally vote along with company management include: appointment of auditors; fees paid to board members; and change in the board structure. Kurv Investment Management LLC will generally vote along with management as long as the proposal does not: i) measurably change the structure, management, control or operations of the company; ii) measurably change the terms of, or fees or expenses associated with, an investment in the company; and (iii) the proposal is consistent with customary industry standards and practices, as well as the laws of the state of incorporation applicable to the company. Routine matters may not necessitate the same level of analysis than non-routine matters.

**Non-Routine Matters**

Non-routine matters include such things as:

● Amendments to management incentive plans;

● The authorization of additional common or preferred stock;

● Initiation or termination of barriers to takeover or acquisition;

● Mergers or acquisitions;

● Changes in the state of incorporation;

● Corporate reorganizations;

● Term limits for board members; and

● "Contested" director slates.

In non-routine matters, Kurv Investment Management LLC will attempt to be generally familiar with the questions at issue. Non-routine matters will be voted on a case- by-case basis given the complexity of many of these issues. When determining how to vote non-routine matters Kurv Investment Management LLC shall conduct an issue-specific analysis, giving consideration to the potential effect on the value of a client's investments, documentation of the analysis shall be maintained in Kurv Investment Management LLC's proxy voting files.

**Processing Proxy Votes**

The CCO will be responsible for determining whether each proxy is for a "routine" matter, as described above, and whether the policy and procedures set forth herein actually address the specific issue. For proxies that are not clearly "routine", Kurv Investment Management LLC, in conjunction with the CCO, will determine how to vote each such proxy by applying these policies and procedures. Upon making a decision, the proxy will be executed and returned for submission to the issuer. Kurv Investment's proxy voting record will be updated at the time the proxy is submitted. Records of all proxies, Kurv Investment Management LLC's proxy vote and related analyses, if applicable will be retained in accordance with its recordkeeping obligations.

**Periodic Testing**

Kurv Investment Management LLC shall evaluate compliance by periodically sampling the proxy votes it casts on behalf of its clients by sampling proxy votes that relate to proposals that are non-routine matters and require more issue-specific analysis (e.g., mergers and acquisition transactions, dissolutions, conversions, or consolidations).

**Conflicts of Interest**

Conflicts of interest between Kurv Investment Management LLC or a principal of Kurv Investment Management LLC and Kurv Investment Management LLC's clients with respect to a proxy issue conceivably may arise, for example, from personal or professional relationships with an issuer or with the directors, candidates for director, or senior executives of an issuer.

Potential conflicts of interest between Kurv Investment Management LLC and its clients may arise when Kurv Investment Management LLC's relationships with an issuer or with a related third party actually conflict, or appear to conflict, with the best interests of Kurv Investment Management LLC's clients.

If the issue is specifically addressed in these policies and procedures, Kurv Investment Management LLC will vote in accordance with these policies. In a situation where the issue is not specifically addressed in these policies and procedures and an apparent or actual conflict exists, Kurv Investment Management LLC shall either: i) inform clients of the conflict of interest and obtain advance consent of a majority of such clients for a particular voting decision; or ii) obtain approval of a voting decision from Kurv Investment Management LLC's CCO, who will be responsible for documenting the rationale for the decision made and voted.

In all such cases, Kurv Investment Management LLC will make disclosures to clients of all material conflicts and will keep documentation supporting its voting decisions.

**PART C: OTHER INFORMATION**

**Item 28. Exhibits**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) (1) [Certificate of Trust dated July 1, 2019, as filed with the State of Delaware on July 2, 2019, for Esoterica Thematic ETF Trust<sup>1</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000139834419016119/fp0045518_ex9928a1a.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) [Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust dated October 10, 2019, as filed with the State of Delaware on October 10, 2019, for Esoterica Thematic Trust<sup>2</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000139834420003857/fp0050924_ex9928a2a.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) [Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust for the Kurv ETF Trust (the "Registrant" or "Trust") dated February 2, 2024<sup>4</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124003870/ex99-a3.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) [Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant<sup>4</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124003870/ex99-a4.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) [Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant<sup>4</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124003870/ex99-b1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) (1) [Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust and Kurv Investment Management dated June 14, 2024.<sup>6</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124007577/ex99-d1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) [Investment Advisory Agreement Schedule effective June 28, 2024, to the Investment Advisory Agreement dated June 14, 2024 (Kurv TaxOptimized US Large Cap ETF, Kurv Enhanced Short Maturity ETF and Kurv Technology Titans Select ETF).<sup>8</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124008229/ex99-d2.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) [Amendment dated March 10, 2025, to the Investment Advisory Agreement dated June 14, 2024, and Investment Advisory Agreement Schedule effective March 31, 2025 (Kurv Technology Titans Select ETF).<sup>12</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125003341/ex99-d3.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) [Investment Advisory Agreement (unitary fee) between the Fund and Kurv Investment Management dated November 14, 2024, with respect to the Kurv Yield Premium Single Stock ETFs.<sup>10</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000183988224039520/ex99-d3.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5) [Investment Advisory Agreement Schedule effective June 10, 2025, to the Investment Advisory Agreement dated November 14, 2024, with respect to the Kurv Gold Enhanced Income ETF, Kurv Silver Enhanced Income ETF and Kurv Platinum Enhanced Income ETF.<sup>13</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125007773/ex99-d5.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6) [Investment Advisory Agreement Schedule effective October 7, 2025, to the Investment Advisory Agreement dated November 14, 2024, with respect to the Kurv High Income ETF.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125014942/ex99-d6.htm) <sup>14</sup>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(7) <u>Investment Advisory Agreement Schedule to the Investment Advisory Agreement dated November 14, 2024, with respect to the Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced ETF to be filed by amendment.</u> 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) (1) [Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Paralel Distributors, LLC.<sup>6</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124007577/ex99-e1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) [Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Foreside Fund Services, LLC.<sup>10</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000183988224039520/ex99-e2.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) Not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) [Custody Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bank, N.A.<sup>6</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124007577/ex99-g1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) (1) [Fund Servicing Agreement between the Registrant and U.S. Bancorp Fund Services LLC.<sup>6</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124007577/ex99-h1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) [Fund CCO/PFO Services Agreement between the Registrant and Pine Advisors.<sup>6</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124007577/ex99-h2.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) [Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement (Kurv TaxOptimized U.S. Large Cap ETF and Kurv Enhanced Short Maturity ETF.<sup>6</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124007577/ex99-h3.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) [Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement Schedule effective June 28, 2024 (Kurv Technology Titans Select ETF).<sup>8</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124008229/ex99-h4.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5) [Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement Schedule effective September 29, 2025 (Kurv Technology Titans Select ETF).<sup>14</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125014190/ex99-h5.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6) [Form of AP Agreement<sup>2</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000139834420003857/fp0050924_ex9928h5.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(7) [Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Amazon (AMZN) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Apple (AAPL) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Google (GOOGL) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Microsoft (MSFT) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Netflix (NFLX) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Tesla (TSLA) ETF, Kurv High Income Operating Expenses Limitation Agreement](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125014942/ex99-h7.htm) .<sup>14</sup>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) (1) [Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP with respect to the Kurv TaxOptimized U.S. Large Cap ETF.<sup>6</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124007577/ex99-i1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) [Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP with respect to the Kurv Short Enhanced Maturity ETF.<sup>7</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124007968/ex99-i2.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) [Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP with respect to Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Amazon (AMZN) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Apple (AAPL) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Google (GOOGL) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Microsoft (MSFT) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Netflix (NFLX) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Tesla (TSLA) ETF and Kurv Technology Titans Select ETF.<sup>14</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125014190/ex99-i3.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) [Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP with respect to the Kurv Gold Enhanced Income ETF, Kurv Silver Enhanced Income ETF and Kurv Platinum Enhanced Income ETF.<sup>13</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125007773/ex99-i5.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5) O [pinion of Alston & Bird LLP with respect to the Kurv High Income ETF](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125014942/ex99-i5.htm) .<sup>14</sup>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6) Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP with respect to the Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF to be filed by amendment

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(7) [Consent of Alston & Bird LLP is filed herewith.](ex99-i6.htm)

(j) (1) [Consent of Cohen & Company, Independent Registered Public Accountant Firm, with respect to Kurv TaxOptimized U.S. Large Cap ETF.<sup>6</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124007577/ex99-j1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) [Consent of Cohen & Company, Independent Registered Public Accountant Firm, with respect to Kurv Enhanced Short Maturity ETF.<sup>7</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124007968/ex99-j2.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) [Consent of Cohen & Company, Independent Registered Public Accountant Firm, with respect to Kurv Technology Titans Select ETF.<sup>12</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125003341/ex99-j3.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) [Consent of Cohen & Company, Independent Registered Public Accountant Firm, with respect to Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Amazon (AMZN) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Apple (Cohen & Company, AAPL) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Google (GOOGL) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Microsoft (MSFT) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Netflix (NFLX) ETF, Kurv Yield Premium Strategy Tesla (TSLA) ETF and Kurv Technology Titans Select ETF.<sup>14</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125014190/ex99-j4.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5) [Consent of Cohen & Company, Independent Registered Public Accountant Firm, with respect to Kurv Gold Enhanced Income ETF, Kurv Silver Enhanced Income ETF and Kurv Platinum Enhanced Income ETF.<sup>13</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125007773/ex99-j5.htm)

(6) <u>C</u> [onsent of Cohen & Company, Independent Registered Public Accountant Firm, with respect to Kurv High Income ETF](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937125014942/ex99-j6.htm) <u>.<sup>14</sup></u> 

(7) [Powers of Attorney<sup>4</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124003870/ex99-j2.htm)

(k) Not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) Not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) [Distribution and Service Plan<sup>2</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000139834420003857/fp0050924_ex9928m.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n) Not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) Not applicable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(p) (1) [Code of Ethics of the Registrant<sup>2</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000139834420003857/fp0050924_ex9928p1.htm)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) [Code of Ethics of Kurv Investment Management.<sup>9</sup>](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124009868/ex99-p2.htm)

<sup>1</sup> Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed September 5, 2019, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>2</sup> Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed February 20, 2020, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>3</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed February 26, 2021, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>4</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed March 22, 2024, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>5</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 13 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed May 17, 2024, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>6</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 18 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed June 18, 2024, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>7</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed June 28, 2024, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>8</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 23 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed July 3, 2024, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>9</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed August 9, 2024, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>10</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed November 15, 2024, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>11</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed March 7, 2025, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>12</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 28 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed March 28, 2025, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>13</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed June 13, 2025, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>14</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed September 29, 2025, File No. 333-233633.

<sup>14</sup> Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Registrant's Registration Statement Filed October 9, 2025, File No. 333-233633.

**Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund**

Not applicable.

**Item 30. Indemnification**

Reference is made to the Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the "Declaration"), which is filed as exhibit (a)(4).

Nothing contained in the Declaration shall indemnify, hold harmless or protect any officer or trustee from or against any liability to the Trust or any shareholder to which such person to the extent such indemnification is prohibited by applicable federal law.

The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Registrant agrees to indemnify, defend and hold Foreside Fund Services, LLC ("Distributor"), its affiliates and each of their respective directors, officers and employees and agents and any person who controls the Distributor within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act (any of the Distributor, its officers, employees, agents and directors or such control persons, for purposes of this paragraph, a "Distributor Indemnitee") against any loss, liability, claim, damages or expense (including the reasonable cost of investigating or defending any alleged loss, liability, claim, damages or expense and reasonable counsel fees incurred in connection therewith) ("Losses") that a Distributor Indemnitee may incur arising out of or based upon: (i) Distributor serving as distributor for the Trust pursuant to and in accordance with this Agreement; (ii) the allegation of any wrongful act of the Trust or any of its directors, officers, employees or affiliates in connection with its duties and responsibilities in this Agreement; (iii) any claim that the Registration Statement, Prospectus, Statement of Additional Information and Marketing Materials specifically approved by the Trust and the Adviser (each as from time to time amended) included an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein (and in the case of the Prospectus, Statement of Additional Information and product description, in light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading under the 1933 Act; (iv) the breach by the Trust of any obligation, representation or warranty contained in this Agreement; or (v) the Trust's failure to comply in any material respect with applicable securities laws.

**Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser**

See "Management" in each fund's Statement of Additional Information. Information as to the directors and officers of each adviser and any sub-adviser is included in its Form ADV filed with the SEC and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

**Item 32. Principal Underwriters**

(a) Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the "Distributor") acts as the distributor for the Registrant.

As of the date of this Registration Statement, the Distributor also acts as the underwriter for:

(a) Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the "Distributor") serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. AB Active ETFs, Inc.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. ABS Long/Short Strategies Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Absolute Shares Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. ActivePassive Core Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. ActivePassive Intermediate Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. ActivePassive International Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. ActivePassive U.S. Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8. Adaptive Core ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. AdvisorShares Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. AFA Private Credit Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11. AGF Investments Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12. AIM ETF Products Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13. Alexis Practical Tactical ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14. AlphaCentric Prime Meridian Income Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15. American Century ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16. Amplify ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17. Applied Finance Dividend Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18. Applied Finance Explorer Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19. Applied Finance Select Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;20. ARK ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;21. ARK Venture Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;22. Bitwise Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;23. Bluestone Community Development Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;24. BondBloxx ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;25. Bramshill Multi-Strategy Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;26. Bridgeway Funds, Inc.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;27. Brinker Capital Destinations Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;28. Brookfield Real Assets Income Fund Inc.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;29. Build Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;30. Calamos Convertible and High Income Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;31. Calamos Convertible Opportunities and Income Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;32. Calamos Dynamic Convertible and Income Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;33. Calamos ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;34. Calamos Global Dynamic Income Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;35. Calamos Global Total Return Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;36. Calamos Strategic Total Return Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;37. Carlyle Tactical Private Credit Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;38. Cascade Private Capital Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;39. Center Coast Brookfield MLP & Energy Infrastructure Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;40. Clifford Capital Focused Small Cap Value Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;41. Clifford Capital International Value Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;42. Clifford Capital Partners Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;43. Cliffwater Corporate Lending Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;44. Cliffwater Enhanced Lending Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;45. Cohen & Steers Infrastructure Fund, Inc.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;46. Convergence Long/Short Equity ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;47. CornerCap Small-Cap Value Fund, Series of Managed Portfolio Series

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;48. CrossingBridge Pre-Merger SPAC ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;49. Curasset Capital Management Core Bond Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;50. Curasset Capital Management Limited Term Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;51. CYBER HORNET S&P 500® and Bitcoin 75/25 Strategy ETF, Series of ONEFUND Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;52. Davis Fundamental ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;53. Defiance Daily Short Digitizing the Economy ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;54. Defiance Hotel, Airline, and Cruise ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;55. Defiance Next Gen Connectivity ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;56. Defiance Next Gen H2 ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;57. Defiance Quantum ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;58. Denali Structured Return Strategy Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;59. Direxion Funds

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;60. Direxion Shares ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;61. Dividend Performers ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;62. Dodge & Cox Funds

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;63. DoubleLine ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;64. DoubleLine Income Solutions Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;65. DoubleLine Opportunistic Credit Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;66. DoubleLine Yield Opportunities Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;67. DriveWealth ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;68. EIP Investment Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;69. Ellington Income Opportunities Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;70. ETF Opportunities Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;71. Evanston Alternative Opportunities Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;72. Exchange Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;73. FlexShares Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;74. Forum Funds

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;75. Forum Funds II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;76. Forum Real Estate Income Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;77. Goose Hollow Enhanced Equity ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;78. Goose Hollow Multi-Strategy Income ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;79. Goose Hollow Tactical Allocation ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;80. Grayscale Future of Finance ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;81. Gramercy Emerging Markets Debt Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;82. Guinness Atkinson Funds

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;83. Harbor ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;84. Horizon Kinetics Blockchain Development ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;85. Horizon Kinetics Energy and Remediation ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;86. Horizon Kinetics Inflation Beneficiaries ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;87. Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;88. Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;89. IDX Funds

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;90. Innovator ETFs Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;91. Ironwood Institutional Multi-Strategy Fund LLC

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;92. Ironwood Multi-Strategy Fund LLC

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;93. John Hancock Exchange-Traded Fund Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;94. LDR Real Estate Value-Opportunity Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;95. Mairs & Power Balanced Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;96. Mairs & Power Growth Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;97. Mairs & Power Minnesota Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;98. Mairs & Power Small Cap Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;99. Manor Investment Funds

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;100. Milliman Variable Insurance Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;101. Mindful Conservative ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;102. Moerus Worldwide Value Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust IV

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;103. Mohr Growth ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;104. Mohr Industry Nav ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;105. Mohr Sector Nav ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;106. Morgan Stanley ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;107. Morningstar Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;108. Mutual of America Investment Corporation

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;109. NEOS ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;110. Niagara Income Opportunities Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;111. North Square Investments Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;112. OTG Latin American Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;113. Overlay Shares Core Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;114. Overlay Shares Foreign Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;115. Overlay Shares Hedged Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;116. Overlay Shares Large Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;117. Overlay Shares Municipal Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;118. Overlay Shares Short Term Bond ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;119. Overlay Shares Small Cap Equity ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;120. Palmer Square Opportunistic Income Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;121. Partners Group Private Income Opportunities, LLC

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;122. Performance Trust Mutual Funds, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;123. Performance Trust Short Term Bond ETF, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;124. Perkins Discovery Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;125. Philotimo Focused Growth and Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;126. Plan Investment Fund, Inc.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;127. PMC Core Fixed Income Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;128. PMC Diversified Equity Fund, Series of Trust for Professional Managers

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;129. Point Bridge America First ETF, Series of ETF Series Solutions

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;130. Preferred-Plus ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;131. Putnam ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;132. Rareview Dynamic Fixed Income ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;133. Rareview Systematic Equity ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;134. Rareview Tax Advantaged Income ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;135. Rareview Total Return Bond ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;136. Renaissance Capital Greenwich Funds

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;137. Reynolds Funds, Inc.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;138. RiverNorth Enhanced Pre-Merger SPAC ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;139. RiverNorth Patriot ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;140. RMB Investors Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;141. Robinson Opportunistic Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;142. Robinson Tax Advantaged Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;143. Roundhill Alerian LNG ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;144. Roundhill Ball Metaverse ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;145. Roundhill Cannabis ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;146. Roundhill ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;147. Roundhill Magnificent Seven ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;148. Roundhill S&P Global Luxury ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;149. Roundhill Sports Betting & iGaming ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;150. Roundhill Video Games ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;151. Rule One Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;152. Securian AM Real Asset Income Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;153. Six Circles Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;154. Sound Shore Fund, Inc.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;155. SP Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;156. Sparrow Funds

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;157. Spear Alpha ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;158. STF Tactical Growth & Income ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;159. STF Tactical Growth ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;160. Strategic Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;161. Strategy Shares

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;162. Swan Hedged Equity US Large Cap ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;163. Syntax ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;164. Tekla World Healthcare Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;165. Tema ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;166. Teucrium Agricultural Strategy No K-1 ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;167. Teucrium AiLA Long-Short Agriculture Strategy ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;168. Teucrium AiLA Long-Short Base Metals Strategy ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;169. The 2023 ETF Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;170. The 2023 ETF Series Trust II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;171. The Community Development Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;172. The Finite Solar Finance Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;173. The Private Shares Fund

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;174. The SPAC and New Issue ETF, Series of Collaborative Investment Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;175. Third Avenue Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;176. Third Avenue Variable Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;177. Tidal ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;178. Tidal Trust II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;179. TIFF Investment Program

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;180. Timothy Plan High Dividend Stock Enhanced ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;181. Timothy Plan High Dividend Stock ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;182. Timothy Plan International ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;183. Timothy Plan Market Neutral ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;184. Timothy Plan US Large/Mid Cap Core ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;185. Timothy Plan US Large/Mid Core Enhanced ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;186. Timothy Plan US Small Cap Core ETF, Series of The Timothy Plan

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;187. Total Fund Solution

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;188. Touchstone ETF Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;189. TrueShares Active Yield ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;190. TrueShares Eagle Global Renewable Energy Income ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;191. TrueShares Low Volatility Equity Income ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;192. TrueShares Structured Outcome (April) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;193. TrueShares Structured Outcome (August) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;194. TrueShares Structured Outcome (December) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;195. TrueShares Structured Outcome (February) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;196. TrueShares Structured Outcome (January) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;197. TrueShares Structured Outcome (July) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;198. TrueShares Structured Outcome (June) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;199. TrueShares Structured Outcome (March) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;200. TrueShares Structured Outcome (May) ETF, Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;201. TrueShares Structured Outcome (November) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;202. TrueShares Structured Outcome (October) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;203. TrueShares Structured Outcome (September) ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;204. TrueShares Technology, AI & Deep Learning ETF, Series of Listed Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;205. U.S. Global Investors Funds

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;206. Union Street Partners Value Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;207. Vest Bitcoin Strategy Managed Volatility Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;208. Vest S&P 500® Dividend Aristocrats Target Income Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;209. Vest US Large Cap 10% Buffer Strategies Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;210. Vest US Large Cap 10% Buffer Strategies VI Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;211. Vest US Large Cap 20% Buffer Strategies Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;212. Vest US Large Cap 20% Buffer Strategies VI Fund, Series of World Funds Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;213. VictoryShares Core Intermediate Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;214. VictoryShares Core Plus Intermediate Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;215. VictoryShares Corporate Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;216. VictoryShares Developed Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;217. VictoryShares Dividend Accelerator ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;218. VictoryShares Emerging Markets Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;219. VictoryShares Free Cash Flow ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;220. VictoryShares International High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;221. VictoryShares International Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;222. VictoryShares International Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;223. VictoryShares NASDAQ Next 50 ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;224. VictoryShares Short-Term Bond ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;225. VictoryShares THB Mid Cap ESG ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;226. VictoryShares US 500 Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;227. VictoryShares US 500 Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;228. VictoryShares US Discovery Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;229. VictoryShares US EQ Income Enhanced Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;230. VictoryShares US Large Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;231. VictoryShares US Multi-Factor Minimum Volatility ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;232. VictoryShares US Small Cap High Div Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;233. VictoryShares US Small Cap Volatility Wtd ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;234. VictoryShares US Small Mid Cap Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;235. VictoryShares US Value Momentum ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;236. VictoryShares WestEnd US Sector ETF, Series of Victory Portfolios II

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;237. Volatility Shares Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;238. West Loop Realty Fund, Series of Investment Managers Series Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;239. Wilshire Mutual Funds, Inc.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;240. Wilshire Variable Insurance Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;241. WisdomTree Digital Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;242. WisdomTree Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;243. WST Investment Trust

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;244. XAI Octagon Floating Rate & Alternative Income Term Trust

(b) To the best of Registrant's knowledge, the directors and executive officers of the Distributor are as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**<u>Name</u>** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**<u>Address</u>** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**<u>Position with Underwriter</u>** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**<u>Position with Registrant</u>** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Teresa Cowan | &nbsp;&nbsp;111 E. Kilbourn Ave, Suite 2200,<br> Milwaukee, WI 53202 | &nbsp;&nbsp;President/Manager |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Chris Lanza | &nbsp;&nbsp;Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100,<br> Portland, ME 04101 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vice President |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Kate Macchia | &nbsp;&nbsp;Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100,<br> Portland, ME 04101 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vice President |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Nanette K. Chern | &nbsp;&nbsp;Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100,<br> Portland, ME 04101 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Kelly B. Whetstone | &nbsp;&nbsp;Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100,<br> Portland, ME 04101 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Secretary |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Susan L. LaFond | &nbsp;&nbsp;111 E. Kilbourn Ave, Suite 2200,<br> Milwaukee, WI 53202 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Treasurer |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Weston Sommers | &nbsp;&nbsp;Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, <br> Portland, ME 04101 | &nbsp;&nbsp;Financial and Operations Principal and Chief Financial Officer |  |

---

\* Except as otherwise noted, the principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101.

(c) Not applicable.

**Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records**

The books, accounts and other documents required by Section 31(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder are maintained in the physical possession of the office of the Registrant, each adviser, principal underwriter, transfer agent, fund accountant, administrator and custodian at the addresses stated in each SAI of the Trust.

**Item 34. Management Services**

Not applicable.

**Item 35. Undertakings**

Not applicable.

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Francisco and State of California on this 14th day of November 2025.

**KURV ETF TRUST**

By:   <br> Name: Howard Chan\* <br> Title: Trustee, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer<br> (Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Title** | **Date** |
| Madeline Arment\* | Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | November 14, 2025 |
| Edward E. McRedmond\* | Trustee | November 14, 2025 |
| John T. Hyland\* | Trustee | November 14, 2025 |
| Howard Chan\* | Trustee, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | November 14, 2025 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| \* By: | /s/ David J. Baum | November 14, 2025 |
| Name: | David J. Baum |  |

---

[\*Attorney-in-Fact – pursuant to powers of attorney incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 10 (filed on March 22, 2024) to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form N-1A.](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1782952/000199937124003870/ex99-j2.htm)

**<u>EXHIBIT INDEX</u>**

---

| |
|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Exhibit** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;[Consent of Alston & Bird LLP](ex99-i6.htm) &nbsp;&nbsp;[(i)(6)](ex99-i6.htm) |

---

## Ex-99.(I)(6)

[Kurv ETF Trust 485APOS](kurv-485apos_111425.htm)

**Exhibit 99.(i)(6)**

**<u>CONSENT OF ALSTON & BIRD, LLP, COUNSEL FOR THE REGISTRANT</u>**

We hereby consent to the use of our name and the references to our firm under the caption "Legal Counsel" included in or made a part of Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to the Registration Statement of Kurv ETF Trust on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Alston & Bird LLP

By: /s/ David J. Baum

A Partner

Washington, DC

November 14, 2025

## Cover

Alston&Bird llp

The Atlantic Building

950 F. Street, N.W.

Washington, DC 20004-2601

202-239-3300

Fax: 202-239-3333

www.alston.com

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **David J. Baum** | **Direct Dial: 202-239-3346** | **E-mail: david.baum@alston.com** |

---

November 14, 2025

*VIA EDGAR*

Filing Desk

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

100 F Street, NE

Washington, DC 20549-2521

Re: Kurv ETF Trust (File Nos. 333-233633; 811-23473): Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to the Trust's Registration Statement on Form N-1A – Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF

Ladies and Gentlemen:

On behalf of Kurv ETF Trust (the "Trust") and its series, the Kurv Bitcoin Enhanced Income ETF (the "Fund"), accompanying this letter for filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), pursuant to Rule 485(a)(2) thereunder, is a copy of Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to the Trust's Registration Statement on Form N-1A ("Post-Effective Amendment No. 37"). Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 is being filed for the purpose of adding the Fund as a new series of the Trust.

Please call me at (202) 239-3346 if you have any questions or comments regarding this filing.

---

| |
|:---|
| Sincerely, |
| /s/ David J. Baum |
| David J. Baum |

---

Attachment