# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000352825
**File Stem:** 0000352825-26-000016
**Filing Date:** 2026-3
**Character Count:** 437854
**Document Hash:** 40bd21679e9fe49dc319a960f328919d
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0000352825-26-000016.hdr.sgml**: 20260305

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0000352825-26-000016

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 130

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20251231

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260305

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260305

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** FOSTER L B CO
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000352825
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** WHOLESALE-METALS SERVICE CENTERS & OFFICES [5051]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 07 Trade & Services
- **EIN:** 251324733
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** PA
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 000-10436
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26725791

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 415 HOLIDAY DR
- **CITY:** PITTSBURGH
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 15220
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 4129283431

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 415 HOLIDAY DR
- **CITY:** PITTSBURGH
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 15220

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? fstr-20251231

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-K**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| (Mark One) | |
| ☒ | **Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934** |
| ☒ | **For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025** |

---

**Or**

☐ **Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934** **For the transition period from &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**

**Commission File Number 0-10436**

![LBF-corporate-logo_linear-colour_crop.gif](fstr-20251231_g1.gif)

**L.B. FOSTER COMPANY**

*(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)*

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Pennsylvania** | **25-1324733** |
| *(State of Incorporation)* | *(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)* |
| **415 Holiday Drive, Suite 100, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania** | **15220** |
| *(Address of principal executive offices)* | *(Zip Code)* |

---

**Registrant's telephone number, including area code:**

**(412) 928-3400**

**Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Title of Each Class** | **Trading Symbol(s)** | **Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered** |
| Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 | FSTR | Nasdaq Global Select Market |

---

**Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:**

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☒ Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☒ Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☒ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
| | | Emerging growth company | ☐ |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b) ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐ Yes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ☒ No

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $213,944,609.

As of February 27, 2026, there were 10,307,374 shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference:

Portions of the Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders ("2026 Proxy Statement") are incorporated by reference in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Form 10-K. The 2026 Proxy Statement will be filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this Form 10-K relates.

------

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **PART I** | **PART I** | **PART I** |
| Item 1. | <u>[Business](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_16)</u> | <u>[4](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_16)</u> |
| Item 1A. | <u>[Risk Factors](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_19)</u> | <u>[9](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_19)</u> |
| Item 1B. | <u>[Unresolved Staff Comments](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_22)</u> | <u>[16](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_22)</u> |
| Item 1C. | <u>[Cybersecurity](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_25)</u> | <u>[16](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_22)</u> |
| Item 2. | <u>[Properties](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_28)</u> | <u>[19](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_28)</u> |
| Item 3. | <u>[Legal Proceedings](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_31)</u> | <u>[19](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_31)</u> |
| Item 4. | <u>[Mine Safety Disclosures](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_34)</u> | <u>[19](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_34)</u> |
| **PART II** | **PART II** | **PART II** |
| Item 5. | <u>[Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_40)</u> | <u>[20](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_40)</u> |
| Item 6. | <u>[Reserved](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_43)</u> | <u>[20](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_43)</u> |
| Item 7. | <u>[Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_46)</u> | <u>[21](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_46)</u> |
| Item 7A. | <u>[Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_49)</u> | <u>[29](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_49)</u> |
| Item 8. | <u>[Financial Statements and Supplementary Data](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_52)</u> | <u>[30](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_52)</u> |
| Item 9. | <u>[Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_145)</u> | <u>[64](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_145)</u> |
| Item 9A. | <u>[Controls and Procedures](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_148)</u> | <u>[64](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_148)</u> |
| Item 9B. | <u>[Other Information](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_151)</u> | <u>[66](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_151)</u> |
| Item 9C. | <u>[Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_154)</u> | <u>[66](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_154)</u> |
| **PART III** | **PART III** | **PART III** |
| Item 10. | <u>[Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_160)</u> | <u>[66](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_160)</u> |
| Item 11. | <u>[Executive Compensation](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_163)</u> | <u>[66](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_163)</u> |
| Item 12. | <u>[Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_166)</u> | <u>[66](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_166)</u> |
| Item 13. | <u>[Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_169)</u> | <u>[67](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_169)</u> |
| Item 14. | <u>[Principal Accountant Fees and Services](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_172)</u> | <u>[67](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_172)</u> |
| **PART IV** | **PART IV** | **PART IV** |
| Item 15. | <u>[Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_178)</u> | <u>[68](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_178)</u> |
| Item 16. | <u>[Form 10-K Summary](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_181)</u> | <u>[68](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_181)</u> |
|  | <u>[Signatures](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_187)</u> | <u>[72](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_187)</u> |

---

------

**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**Forward-Looking Statements**

*This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Many of the forward-looking statements are located in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Forward-looking statements include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Sentences containing words such as "believe," "intend," "plan," "may,", "will," "expect," "should," "could," "continue," "anticipate," "estimate," "predict," "project," or their negatives, or other similar expressions of a future or forward-looking nature generally should be considered forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are based on management's current expectations and assumptions about future events that involve inherent risks and uncertainties and may concern, among other things, L.B. Foster Company's (the "Company's") expectations and assumptions about future events that involve inherent risks and uncertainties and may concern, among other things, the Company's expectations relating to our strategy, goals, projections, valuations and impairments, and plans regarding our financial position, liquidity, capital resources, results of operations and decisions regarding our strategic growth initiatives, market position, and product development. While the Company considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory, and other risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the Company's control. The Company cautions readers that various factors could cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Among the factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements are risks and uncertainties related to: adverse economic conditions in the markets we serve, including recession, the volatility in the prices for oil and gas, tariffs, duties or trade wars, inflation, rising labor costs, project delays, and budget shortfalls, or otherwise; the disruption of government funding programs as a result of potential periodic government shutdowns; volatility in the global capital markets, including interest rate fluctuations, which could adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets on terms that are favorable to us; restrictions on our ability to draw on our credit agreement, including as a result of any future inability to comply with restrictive covenants contained therein; a decrease in freight or transit rail traffic; environmental matters and the impact of environmental regulations, including any costs associated with any remediation and monitoring of such matters; the risk of doing business in international markets, including compliance with anti-corruption and bribery laws, foreign currency fluctuations and inflation, global shipping disruptions, the imposition of increased or new tariffs, and trade restrictions or embargoes, or uncertainties relating to the imposition and enforcement of tariffs; our ability to timely effectuate our strategy, including cost reduction initiatives, and our ability to effectively integrate acquired businesses or to divest businesses, and to realize anticipated synergies and benefits; costs of and impacts associated with shareholder activism; the timeliness and availability of materials from our major suppliers, as well as the impact on our access to supplies of customer preferences as to the origin of such supplies, such as customers' concerns about conflict minerals; labor disputes; emerging technologies, including those related to or arising from artificial intelligence, and resultant risks to our business and operations; cybersecurity risks such as data security breaches, malware, ransomware, "hacking," and identity theft, either with respect to our systems or those of third parties on whom we rely, which could disrupt our business and may result in misuse or misappropriation of confidential or proprietary information, and could result in the disruption or damage to our systems, increased costs and losses, or an adverse effect to our reputation, business or financial condition; the continuing effectiveness of our ongoing implementation of an enterprise resource planning system; changes in current accounting estimates and their ultimate outcomes; the adequacy of internal and external sources of funds to meet financing needs, including our ability to negotiate any additional necessary amendments to our credit agreement or the terms of any new credit agreement, the Company's ability to manage its working capital requirements and indebtedness; domestic and international taxes, including estimates that may impact taxes; domestic and foreign government regulations, including tariffs; our ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures; any change in policy or other change due to the results of the UK's parliamentary elections and the U.S. presidential and congressional elections that could affect UK or US business conditions; other geopolitical conditions, including the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, conflicts in the Middle East, and increasing tensions between China and Taiwan; a lack of, freezing of, or delay in state or federal funding for infrastructure projects; an increase in manufacturing or material costs, including volatility in steel prices and wage inflation; the loss of future revenues from current customers; any future global health crises, and the related social, regulatory, and economic impacts and the response thereto by the Company, our employees, our customers, and national, state, or local governments, including any governmental travel restrictions; and risks inherent in litigation and the outcome of litigation and product warranty claims. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements prove incorrect, actual outcomes could vary materially from those indicated. Significant risks and uncertainties that may affect the operations, performance, and results of the Company's business and forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth under Item 1A, "Risk Factors," and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other current or periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.*

*The forward-looking statements in this report are made as of the date of this report and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise, except as required by the federal securities laws.*

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**PART I**

(Dollars in thousands, except share data unless otherwise noted)

**ITEM 1. *BUSINESS***

**Summary Description of Businesses**

Founded in 1902, L.B. Foster Company is a Pennsylvania corporation with its principal office in Pittsburgh, PA. L.B. Foster Company is a global technology solutions provider of engineered, manufactured products and services that builds and supports infrastructure. The Company's innovative engineering and product development solutions address the safety, reliability, and performance needs of its customers' most challenging requirements. The Company maintains locations in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. As used herein, "L.B. Foster," the "Company," "we," "us," and "our" or similar references refer collectively to L.B. Foster Company and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

**Business Segments**

The Company operates under two reporting segments (1) Rail, Technologies, and Services ("Rail") and (2) Infrastructure Solutions ("Infrastructure"), each of which has certain business units, as described below. The Company's reportable operating segments have been determined in accordance with the Company's internal management structure, which is organized based on operating activities, the manner in which we organize segments for making operating and resource allocation decisions and assessing performance, and the availability of separate financial results.

The following table shows the net sales for each reporting segment as a percentage of total net sales for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Percentage of Net Sales** | **Percentage of Net Sales** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Rail, Technologies, and Services | 57% | 62% |
| Infrastructure Solutions | 43  | 38  |
|  | 100% | 100% |

---

Financial information concerning these segments is set forth in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

**<u>Rail, Technologies, and Services</u>**

The Company's Rail segment is comprised of several manufacturing, distribution, and service businesses that provide a variety of products, solutions, and services for freight and passenger railroads and other industrial companies throughout the world. The Rail segment has sales offices throughout North America, South America, Europe, and Asia, and works on rail projects where it offers products manufactured by the Company, or sourced from numerous supply chain partners. The Rail segment also offers contract project management and aftermarket services. The Rail reporting segment is comprised of the Rail Products, Global Friction Management, and Technology Services and Solutions business units. Within Rail Products and Global Friction Management, we offer a full suite of track components and friction management products and services. Within Technology Services and Solutions, we focus on innovation, creating leading edge engineering and digital communication technology solutions for rail, infrastructure, and the built environment, including control and digital display, contract services, and condition monitoring solutions. The Technology Services and Solutions business unit also offers Total Track Monitoring railroad condition monitoring systems, equipment, and services.

*<u>Rail Products</u>*

The Rail Products business unit is comprised of the Company's Rail Distribution, Allegheny Rail Products, and Transit Products.

*Rail Distribution* - This division sells new rail mainly to passenger and short line freight railroads, industrial companies, and rail contractors for the replacement of existing lines or expansion of new lines. Rail accessories sold by the Rail Distribution division include track spikes, bolts, angle bars, tie plates, and other products required to install or maintain rail lines. These products are manufactured by the Company or purchased from other manufacturers and distributed accordingly. Rail Distribution also sells trackwork products to Class II and III railroads, industrial, and export markets.

*Allegheny Rail Products ("ARP")* - ARP engineers and manufactures insulated rail joints and related accessories for freight and passenger railroads and industrial customers. Insulated joints are manufactured domestically at the Company's facilities in Pueblo, CO and Niles, OH.

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

*Transit Products* - This division supplies designed, engineered, and outsourced-manufactured direct fixation fasteners, coverboards, and special accessories primarily for passenger railroad systems. Transit Products also manufactures power rail, also known as third rail, at its facility in Niles, OH. These products are usually sold to contractors or by sealed bid to passenger railroads.

*<u>Global Friction Management</u>*

The Company's Global Friction Management business unit engineers, manufactures, and fabricates friction management products and application systems for its rail customers. It also provides aftermarket services managing its friction management solutions for customers. The Company's friction management products optimize performance at the rail to wheel interface, which helps our customers reduce fuel consumption, improve operating efficiencies, extend the life of operating assets such as rail and wheels, reduce track stresses, and lower the related maintenance and operating costs of its rail customers. Friction management products include mobile and wayside systems that apply lubricants and liquid or solid friction modifiers. These products and systems are designed, engineered, manufactured, fabricated, serviced, and marketed in the United States ("US"), Canada, the United Kingdom ("UK"), and Germany.

*<u>Technology Services and Solutions</u>*

The Company's Technology Services and Solutions business unit engineers and manufactures Total Track Monitoring railroad condition monitoring systems and equipment including wheel impact load detection systems, wayside data collection and management systems, and rockfall, flood, earthworks, and bridge strike monitoring. These offerings create a smart interface between conventional rail products and intelligent digital technologies to monitor safety, increase network velocity, and enable the digital railway. In addition, the business unit provides controls, displays, digital signage, and telecommunication contract management solutions for the transit, control room, and customer information and display sectors to enhance safety, operational efficiency, and customer experience. These products, systems, and services are designed, engineered, serviced, and marketed in the US, UK, Canada, and Germany. During 2025, the Company announced the discontinuation of the Automation and Materials Handling product line (the "AMH Exit") as part of the Company's initiatives to scale back businesses in the UK, and as of December 31, 2025 has completed all related remaining customer obligations.

**<u>Infrastructure Solutions</u>**

The Infrastructure segment uses its industry expertise to design, manufacture, and deploy advanced technologies that positively impact the built environment, including precast concrete buildings and products, bridge products, and steel pipe protective coatings and threading. The Infrastructure segment is composed of ten operating facilities across the US providing engineered precast concrete solutions, fabricated bridge products, and protective pipe coating and threading offerings across North America.

*<u>Precast Concrete Products</u>*

The Precast Concrete Products ("Precast") business unit manufactures precast concrete products for the North American civil infrastructure market. Under its CXT<sup>®</sup> brand, Precast manufactures restrooms, concession stands, and other protective storage buildings available in multiple designs, textures, and colors for national, state, and municipal parks. The Company is a leading, high-end supplier of precast buildings in terms of volume, product options, and capabilities. These facilities also manufacture various other precast concrete products such as sound walls, bridge beams, and other wet/dry utilities concrete products at its Boise, ID, Hillsboro, TX, and Waverly, WV facilities. Also under the CXT<sup>®</sup> brand, the Company has facilities in Loudon, TN, near Knoxville, and Lebanon, TN near Nashville, which specialize in precast concrete walls, water management products, and forms for the commercial, civil, industrial, and residential infrastructure markets. The Company also has a leased facility in Lake County, Florida which commenced operations in 2025 and produces precast concrete wall systems.

The Company also possesses proprietary license agreements to implement technologies via ENVIROCAST<sup>®</sup>, a pre-insulated concrete wall system allowing for faster builds and design flexibility, and ENVIROKEEPER<sup>®</sup>, a modular in-ground water retention and management system, which can be applied at all of its manufacturing facilities.

*<u>Steel Products</u>*

The Company's Steel Products business unit provides custom engineered solutions and services that help to build and maintain critical civil and energy infrastructure throughout North America. Steel Products designs, manufactures, and supplies a variety of steel bridge products to contractors performing installation and repair work to North American transportation infrastructure network. It also provides solutions in corrosion protection for the safe transportation of gas and liquids in pipelines as well as threaded pipe for water well applications.

*Bridge Products -* The Bridge Products facility in Bedford, PA manufactures a number of fabricated steel and aluminum products primarily for the highway, bridge, and transit industries, including aluminum bridge railing, and stay-in-place steel bridge forms. The

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

Company discontinued its grid deck product line in the third quarter of 2023 and completed substantially all remaining customer obligations in 2025.

*Water Well Products* - The Company's Magnolia, TX facility cuts, threads, and paints pipe primarily for water well applications for the agriculture industry and municipal water authorities and, to a lesser extent, threading services for oil and gas production.

*Protective Pipe Coatings* - There are two pipeline coating services locations that make up our Protective Coatings division. Our Birmingham, AL facility coats the outside and inside diameter of pipe primarily for oil and gas transmission pipelines. This location partners with its customer, a pipe manufacturer, to market fusion bonded epoxy coatings, abrasion resistant coatings, and internal linings for a wide variety of pipe diameters for use in pipeline projects throughout North America.

The second location, situated in Willis, TX, applies specialty outside and inside diameter coatings for a wide variety of pipe diameters for oil and gas transmission, mining, and waste-water pipelines, as well as custom coatings for specialty pipe fittings and connections.

**International Operations**

L.B. Foster Company generally markets its Rail products and services directly in all major industrial areas of North America, South America, Europe and Asia. Infrastructure products and services are primarily marketed domestically. The Company employs a global sales force of approximately 77 people of which 12 are located outside of the US to reach current customers and cultivate potential customers in these areas. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, approximately 11% and 14%, respectively, of the Company's total sales were outside the US. Our international sales and long-lived assets are presented in Note 2 of the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements, set forth in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

**Marketing and Competition**

The major markets for the Company's products are highly competitive. Product availability, quality, service, and price are principal factors of competition within each of these markets. No other company provides the same product mix to the various markets the Company serves. However, there are one or more companies that compete with the Company in each product line. Therefore, the Company faces significant competition from different groups of companies.

**Raw Materials and Supplies**

The Company purchases from its domestic and foreign supplier base a variety of raw materials including epoxy, electronics, and other components. The Company also purchases steel, cement, and aggregates which are primarily sourced from domestic suppliers. Products are also purchased in the form of finished or semi-finished products with the majority of product being supplied by domestic and some foreign steel producers. Generally, the Company has a number of vendor options.

The Company's purchases from foreign suppliers are subject to foreign currency exchange rate changes, tariffs, and the risks associated with changes in international conditions, as well as US and international laws that could impose import restrictions and tariffs on selected classes of products and for anti-dumping duties if products are sold in the US at prices that are below specified prices.

**Backlog**

The Company's backlog represents the sales price of customer purchase orders or contracts in which the performance obligations have not been met, and therefore are precluded from revenue recognition. Although the Company believes that the orders included in backlog are firm, customers may cancel or change their orders with limited advance notice; however, these instances are rare. Backlog should not be considered a reliable indicator of the Company's ability to achieve any particular level of revenue or financial performance.

**Patents and Trademarks**

The Company owns a number of domestic and international patents and trademarks, primarily related to products in its Global Friction Management and Technology Services and Solutions business units, as well as its Precast Concrete Products business unit. The Company's business segments are not dependent upon any individual patents or related group of patents, nor upon any individual licenses or distribution rights. The Company believes that, in the aggregate, the rights under its patents, trademarks, and licenses are generally important to its operations, but considers neither any individual patent, nor any licensing or distribution rights related to a specific process or product, to be of material importance in relation to its total business.

**Environmental Disclosures**

Information regarding environmental matters is included in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

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**Human Capital Management**

People are the heart of L.B. Foster's success. The Company strives to create and promote a culture that makes L.B. Foster a great place to work. The Company seeks to attract and retain employees that embody and demonstrate its values, which are summarized in our SPIRIT model, focusing on Safety, People, Integrity, Respect, Innovation, and Teamwork. The Company uses these six principles to guide its employees every day. The expectation of all employees, at every level of the organization, is to execute our business strategy in a manner that adheres to these core values and demonstrates commitment to the L.B. Foster SPIRIT.

*<u>Equal Employment Opportunity</u>*

The Company is dedicated to the principle of equal employment opportunity and the provision of a workplace free from discrimination and harassment in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. This statement and accompanying practices, which pertain to all persons involved in Company operations, prohibit unlawful discrimination by any employee and apply to all terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. Additionally, the Company will also make reasonable accommodations for individuals with known disabilities who are otherwise qualified to perform a job.

*<u>Corporate Responsibility</u>*

The Company is committed to good corporate citizenship and promoting the highest standards of environmental performance, corporate governance, and ethical behavior to positively impact the communities in which we operate. With a focus on continuous improvement, the Company has adopted safety and environmental policies in support of long-term environmental, health, safety, and sustainability excellence. Among our core values are safety, teamwork, and innovation which we rely on to create more advanced solutions around sustainability. We also emphasize continual improvement in preventing pollution and reducing the environmental impact of our operations while maximizing opportunities for environmental and social benefits.

*<u>Health and Safety</u>*

L.B. Foster aims to promote a culture of environmental, health, safety, and sustainability ("EHSS") excellence that strives to protect the environment as well as the safety and health of our employees, business, customers, and communities where we operate. The Company strives to meet or exceed the requirements of all applicable environmental, health, and safety ("EHS") regulations as the Company raises its standards of excellence. Consistent with its core values of safety, teamwork, and innovation, the Company aims to create more advanced solutions around sustainability. The Company emphasizes continual improvement in its EHSS performance, particularly as it applies to preventing pollution and reducing the environmental impact of its operations while maximizing opportunities for environmental and social benefits. The Company continually strives to develop best practices in EHS management based on international standards such as ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 45001:2018. The Company has eight locations/businesses throughout North America and Europe where the Environmental Management Systems have been independently assessed and verified as compliant with the requirements of ISO 14001:2015 and ISO 45001:2018.

*<u>Leadership and Talent Management</u>*

The Company's executive leadership team sets the Company's strategic direction and is dedicated to sustainable, profitable growth through its commitment to providing quality products and services to customers and treating customers, suppliers, and employees as partners. L.B. Foster cultivates and empowers talent through performance management, career planning/development, and succession planning, creating an environment for people to be successful in achieving our strategic plan through the following areas:

*Talent Acquisition and Onboarding*

The Company is committed to finding and hiring the best-qualified candidate (from within or outside of the organization) for a job opening, in a timely and cost-effective manner. The recruitment process includes analyzing the requirements of a job, meeting with hiring management to determine the appropriate qualifications and experience for the position, attracting qualified candidates to that job, screening and selecting applicants, hiring, and ultimately integrating the new employee to the organization.

*Development Planning*

The Company actively promotes proactive planning and implementation of action steps towards our employees' career goals. Developmental experiences can consist of training, developing, mentoring, and coaching.

*Succession Planning*

A process for identifying and developing employees with the potential to fill key business leadership positions within the Company is key to future success. Succession planning increases the availability of experienced and capable employees that are prepared to assume these critical roles as they become available. The Company conducts an annual succession planning process where strong internal candidates are identified for key positions and a development plan is established when a need arises.

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*Performance Management*

We strongly encourage an ongoing process of communication, including both formal and informal feedback, between a supervisor and an employee throughout the year, in support of accomplishing the strategic objectives of the organization.

*<u>Workforce</u>*

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had 1,191 employees, of which 974 were located within the US, 44 within Canada, 166 in Europe, and 7 within other locations. There were 641 hourly production workers and 550 salaried employees. Of the hourly production workers, 7 were represented by unions.

The Company has one collective bargaining agreement covering 7 employees which was successfully renegotiated and is now set to expire in March 2030. The Company has not suffered any major work stoppages in recent history and considers its relations with its employees to be satisfactory.

All of the Company's hourly and salaried employees are covered by either a defined benefit plan or a defined contribution plan.

**Code of Ethics**

L.B. Foster Company has a legal and ethical conduct policy applicable to all directors and employees, including its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer. This policy is posted on the Company's website, www.lbfoster.com. The Company intends to satisfy the disclosure requirement regarding certain amendments to, or waivers from, provisions of its policy by posting such information on the Company's website. In addition, the Company's ethics hotline can also be used by employees and others for the anonymous communication of concerns about financial controls, human resource concerns, and other reporting matters.

**Available Information**

The Company makes certain filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including its Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments and exhibits to those reports, available free of charge through its website, www.lbfoster.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the SEC. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. These filings, including the Company's filings, are available at the SEC's internet site at www.sec.gov. The Company's press releases and recent investor presentations are also available on its website. Our website and the information posted thereto is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and unless otherwise stated is specifically not incorporated by reference herein.

**Information about our Executive Officers**

Information concerning the executive officers of the Company is set forth below:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **<u>Name</u>** | **<u>Age</u>** | **<u>Position</u>** |
| Brian H. Friedman | 47 | Executive Vice President and Chief Growth Officer |
| Patrick J. Guinee | 56 | Executive Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary |
| John F. Kasel | 60 | President and Chief Executive Officer |
| Gregory W. Lippard | 57 | Senior Vice President - Rail, Technologies, and Services  |
| Robert A. Ness | 62 | Senior Vice President - Infrastructure Solutions |
| Jamie F. O'Neill  | 52 | Senior Vice President - Human Resources  |
| Sean M. Reilly | 53 | Corporate Controller and Principal Accounting Officer |
| Sara F. Rolli | 44 | Senior Vice President - Operational Administration  |
| William M. Thalman | 59 | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |

---

Mr. Friedman was elected Executive Vice President and Chief Growth Officer in July of 2024, having previously served as the Company's Senior Vice President - Steel Products and Special Projects since December of 2023, and prior to that served as Senior Vice President, Steel Products, Vice President - Steel Products and Measurement, and Vice President - Coatings and Measurement since joining the Company in May of 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Friedman was employed by ABB Ltd from 2012 to 2019 in various roles including Director Global Product Management and Manufacturing Unit Manager. Previously, he served in various research and development and operations roles for Hunter Fan Company from 2001 to 2012.

Mr. Guinee was elected Executive Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary in June of 2023, having previously served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary, and was elected Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary in 2014. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Guinee served as Vice President - Securities and Corporate and Assistant Secretary at Education

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Management Corporation from 2013 to early 2014, and was employed by H. J. Heinz Company from 1997 to 2013, last serving as Vice President - Corporate Governance and Securities and Assistant Secretary.

Mr. Kasel was elected President and Chief Executive Officer in July 2021, having previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since December 2019, Senior Vice President - Rail and Construction from 2017 to 2019, Senior Vice President - Rail Products and Services from 2012 to 2017, Senior Vice President - Operations and Manufacturing from 2005 to 2012, and Vice President - Operations and Manufacturing from 2003 to 2005. Mr. Kasel served as Vice President of Operations for Mammoth, Inc., a Nortek company from 2000 to 2003.

Mr. Lippard was elected Senior Vice President - Rail, Technologies, and Services in December of 2023 and was previously Senior Vice President - Rail from 2021 to 2023, Vice President - Rail, Technologies, and Services from 2020 to 2021, Vice President - Rail from January 2020 to November 2020 and Vice President - Rail Products from 2017 to 2019. From 2000 to 2017, he served as Vice President - Rail Product Sales. Prior to re-joining the Company in 2000, Mr. Lippard served as Vice President - International Trading for Tube City, Inc. from 1998. Mr. Lippard served in various other capacities with the Company after his initial employment in 1991.

Mr. Ness was elected Senior Vice President - Infrastructure Solutions in December 2023, having previously served as Vice President - Precast Concrete Products since January 2021, and as Director, Operations of CXT Precast from June 2020 to January 2021. Previously, Mr. Ness served as the Rail Business Controller beginning from 2012 to 2020 and Division Controller role he had held since his initial employment with the Company in 2006.

Ms. O'Neill was elected Senior Vice President - Human Resources in January 2025, having previously served as Vice President - Human Resources since August 2020, Director - Human Resources since January 2015, and Manager - Compensation and HRIS since 2006. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. O'Neill had various roles last serving as Manager - Compensation and HRIS at 84 Lumber Company.

Mr. Reilly was appointed Controller and Principal Accounting Officer of the Company in January 2022. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Reilly most recently served as Vice President of Finance - Metal Cutting Division, at Kennametal, Inc. since April 2019. Prior to that role, Mr. Reilly served in roles of increasing responsibility at Kennametal, Inc., including as Director of Finance - Infrastructure division, from 2016 to 2019; Director of Finance - Integrated Supply Chain and Logistics from 2015 to 2016; Director of Finance - Asia from 2013 to 2015 in Singapore and Earthworks Controller from 2007 to 2012.

Ms. Rolli was elected Senior Vice President - Operational Administration in January 2025, having previously served as Vice President - Operational Administration since September 2023, Director - Quality from 2019 to 2023, and Senior Quality Manager from 2013 to 2017. Prior to re-joining the Company, Ms. Rolli served as Quality Manager at Praxair Surface Technologies Inc. from 2017 to 2019 and previously served as Quality Manager and Laboratory Supervisor at Kennametal Inc. from 2006 to 2013.

Mr. Thalman was elected Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in June 2023, having previously served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company from February 2021. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Thalman was employed by Kennametal, Inc. from February 2004 through February 2021, most recently serving as Vice President - Advanced Material Solutions since 2016 and Vice President - Transformation Office since 2019. Prior to these roles, he served in roles of increasing responsibility, including: Vice President - Finance Infrastructure, Director of Finance - M&A and Planning, Director of Finance – Kennametal Europe, Director of Finance - MSSG Americas, Assistant Corporate Controller, and Director of Financial Reporting.

Officers are elected annually at the organizational meeting of the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") following the annual meeting of stockholders.

**ITEM 1A. *RISK FACTORS***

**Risks and Uncertainties**

The Company operates in a changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could have a material and adverse effect on its business, financial condition, and results of operations. The following risk factors highlight what it believes to be the more material factors that have affected the Company and could affect it in the future. The Company has grouped the risk factors into five categories for ease of reading, and without any reflection on the importance of, or likelihood of, any particular category. The Company may also be affected by unknown risks or risks that it currently believes are immaterial. If any one or more such events actually occur, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. One should carefully consider the following risk factors and other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and any other risks discussed in the Company's other periodic filings with the SEC before deciding to invest in the Company's common stock.

**Business and Operational Risks**

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***Our inability to successfully manage acquisitions, divestitures, and other significant transactions or to otherwise execute our strategic plan could harm our financial results, business, and prospects.***

As part of our publicly-announced business strategy, we acquire or divest businesses or assets, enter into strategic alliances and joint ventures, make investments to realize anticipated benefits, or undertake cost-cutting initiatives, all of which are actions that involve a number of inherent risks and uncertainties. Material acquisitions, dispositions, and other strategic transactions and initiatives involve numerous risks, including, but not limited to the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• we may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates, or we may not be able to dispose of assets, at prices we consider attractive;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• we may not be able to compete successfully for identified acquisition candidates, complete future acquisitions or accurately estimate the financial effect of acquisitions on our business;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• future acquisitions may require us to spend significant cash and incur additional debt, resulting in additional leverage;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• we may have difficulty retaining an acquired company's key employees or clients;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• we may not be able to realize the operating efficiencies, synergies, costs savings, or other benefits expected;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• we may have difficulty integrating acquired businesses, resulting in unforeseen difficulties, such as incompatible accounting, information management or other control systems, or the need to significantly update and improve the acquired business's systems and internal controls;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• we may assume potential liabilities for actions of the target before the acquisition, including as a result of a failure to comply with applicable laws;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• we may be subject to material indemnification obligations related to any assets that we dispose;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• acquisitions or dispositions may disrupt our business or divert our management from other responsibilities; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• as a result of an acquisition, we may need to record write-downs from future impairments of intangible assets, which could reduce our future reported earnings.

If these factors limit our ability to integrate the operations of our acquisitions or to execute other strategic transactions or initiatives successfully or on a timely basis, we may not meet our expectations for future results of operations. In addition, our growth and operating strategies for businesses we acquire may be different from the strategies that such target businesses currently are pursuing. If our strategies are not the proper strategies for a company we acquire or with which we partner, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Further, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain or enhance the profitability of any acquired business or consolidate the operations of any acquired business to achieve cost savings.

In addition, there may be liabilities that we fail, or are unable to discover in the course of performing due diligence investigations on each company or business that we have already acquired or disposed of or may acquire or dispose of in the future. Such liabilities could include those arising from employee benefits contribution obligations of a prior owner or non-compliance with, or liability pursuant to, applicable federal, state, or local environmental requirements by us or by prior owners for which we, as a successor or predecessor owner, may be responsible. In addition, there may be additional costs relating to acquisitions and dispositions including, but not limited to, possible purchase price adjustments. There can be no assurance that rights to indemnification by sellers of assets to us, even if obtained, will be enforceable, collectible or sufficient in amount, scope or duration to fully offset the possible liabilities associated with the business or property acquired. Any such liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our business. We can give no assurances that the opportunities will be consummated or that financing will be available. We may not be able to achieve the synergies and other benefits we expect from strategic transactions as successfully or as rapidly as projected, if at all.

***Prolonged negative economic conditions, volatile energy prices, tariffs or trade wars, and other unfavorable changes in US, global, or regional economic and market conditions could adversely affect our business.***

We could be adversely impacted by prolonged negative economic conditions affecting either our suppliers or customers, as well as the capital markets. Our products and services support public infrastructure projects, including construction, maintenance, and improvement of railroads, bridges, and national parks. Accordingly, negative changes to the level of federal, state, and local government spending may result in delayed or permanent deferrals of existing or potential infrastructure projects. No assurances can be given that we will be able to successfully mitigate various prolonged uncertainties, including materials cost variability, delayed or reduced customer orders and payments, tariffs, government or regulator shutdowns or defunding, and access to available capital resources outside of operations.

In addition, volatile market conditions and fluctuations in energy prices could continue for an extended period, which would negatively affect our business prospects and reduce profitability. Historically, oil and natural gas prices have been volatile and are subject to fluctuations in response to changes in supply and demand, market uncertainty, a trend toward renewable or alternative energy resources, and a variety of additional factors that are beyond our control. Sustained declines or significant and frequent fluctuations in the price of oil and natural gas may have a material and adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.

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Volatility in energy prices may also impact the Company's plant costs, as well as overall conditions in passenger transit markets served.

***Our ability to maintain or improve our profitability could be adversely impacted by cost pressures.***

Our profitability is dependent upon the efficient use of our resources. Rising inflation, interest rates, labor costs, labor disruptions, and other increases in costs due to tariffs or other reasons in the geographic areas in which we operate could have a significant adverse impact on our profitability and results of operations.

***Our success is in part dependent on the accuracy and proper utilization of our management information and communications systems.***

The Company commenced migration to a new ERP system beginning in 2016, with the most recent migration completed in 2024. Acquired entities are also regularly assessed for transition onto the Company's central ERP system. The system implementations are intended to enable us to better meet the information requirements of our users, increase our integration efficiencies, and identify additional synergies in the future. The implementation of our ERP system is complex because of the wide range of processes and systems to be integrated across our business. Any disruptions, delays, or deficiencies in the design, operation, or implementation of our various systems, or in the performance of our systems, particularly any disruptions, delays, or deficiencies that impact our operations, could adversely affect our ability to effectively run and manage our business, including our ability to receive, process, ship, and bill for orders in a timely manner or our ability to properly manage our inventory or accurately present our inventory availability or pricing. Project delays, business interruptions, or loss of expected benefits could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

***We are subject to cybersecurity risks and may incur increasing costs in an effort to minimize those risks.***

Our business employs systems and websites that allow for the storage and transmission of proprietary or confidential information regarding our customers, employees, job applicants, and other parties, including financial information, intellectual property, and personally identifiable information. Physical or electronic data or security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information, expose us to liability, and harm our reputation and business. Cyber attacks on information systems constitute an ongoing risk across companies and industries, and although they have not historically had a material adverse effect on our business, in the past they have caused temporary disruption and interference with our operations. Despite the steps we take to deter and mitigate cybersecurity risks, we may not be successful. We may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent current or rapidly evolving types of cyber attacks including data and security breaches, malware, ransomware, hacking, and identity theft, as well as emerging threats enabled by artificial intelligence ("AI") such as AI-generated phishing, deepfakes for social engineering, or unauthorized use of generative AI tools that could inadvertently expose sensitive data. Data and security breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including an intentional or inadvertent physical or electronic data or security breach by our employees or by persons with whom we have commercial relationships. In 2023, the SEC adopted new cybersecurity rules requiring disclosure of material cybersecurity incidents and processes assessing, identifying, and managing material cybersecurity risks and the corporate governance structure designed to address such risks. Compliance with such rules could be costly and burdensome, and failure to adequately comply could have an adverse impact on the Company and its reputation. Federal, state, and foreign government bodies and agencies have adopted or are considering the adoption of laws and regulations regarding the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information obtained from customers and individuals. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, such data privacy laws and regulations, including those of the European Union ("EU") and the UK which are, in some respects, more stringent than US standards, could be significant. Any compromise or breach of our security systems could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, legal and financial exposure, negative impacts on our customers' willingness to transact business with us, and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and our reputation. Our Board, often through its Audit Committee, oversees cybersecurity risks as part of its broader enterprise risk management responsibilities, with input from management regarding the assessment and mitigation of such threats, including those involving rapidly evolving technologies like AI. Refer to "Item 1C - Cybersecurity" contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further details of cybersecurity.

***Certain divisions of our business depend on a small number of suppliers. The loss of any such supplier could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and result of operations.***

In our Rail Products business unit, we rely on a limited number of suppliers for key products that we sell to our customers. Our Protective Coatings division is predominately dependent on two suppliers of epoxy coating. A significant downturn in the business of one or more of these suppliers, a disruption in their manufacturing operations, an unwillingness to continue to sell to us, or a disruption in the availability of rail or coating products and services may adversely impact our financial results.

***Fluctuations in the price, quality, and availability of the primary raw materials used in our business could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and profitability.***

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Many of our businesses utilize steel as a significant product component. The steel industry is cyclical and prices and availability are subject to these cycles, as well as to domestic and international fiscal policy, including tariffs and other market forces. We also use significant amounts of cement and aggregate in our precast products offerings. Our technology based solutions and services are dependent on electronic components and the ability to source these items. In 2025, the US announced the imposition of widespread tariffs, including tariffs on steel imports, which have been legally challenged and our national tariff policy is subject to volatility. These tariffs, along with potential retaliatory measures by other countries, could significantly increase our raw material costs, disrupt supply chains, and reduce our competitiveness. No assurances can be given that our financial results would not be adversely affected if prices or availability of these materials were to change in a significantly unfavorable manner.

***Labor disputes may have a material and adverse effect on our operations and profitability.***

One of our manufacturing facilities is staffed by employees represented by a labor union. Approximately 7 employees employed at this facility are currently working under a collective bargaining agreement, which is scheduled to expire in March 2030. Disputes with regard to the terms of this agreement or our potential inability to renegotiate an acceptable contract with this union could result in, among other things, strikes, work stoppages, slowdowns, or lockouts, which could cause a disruption of our operations.

***Actions of activist shareholders could be disruptive and potentially costly and the possibility that activist shareholders may seek changes that conflict with our strategic direction could cause uncertainty about the strategic direction of our business.***

In April 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with an activist investor, 22NW, LP, and various of its affiliates (collectively, "22NW") that had filed a Schedule 13D with the SEC with respect to the Company, which agreement provided that 22NW could appoint a non-voting Board Observer. In January 2024, the Company entered into a new cooperation agreement with 22NW providing for the nomination of the Board Observer to stand for election to the Board of Directors of the Company at the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders in return for certain customary confidentiality and standstill provisions. In addition, the term of the cooperation agreement was mutually extended to 2026 upon commitment by the Company to renominate the former Board Observer to stand for reelection as a director to the Board of Directors at the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The former Board Observer resigned from the Board in December 2025 and the cooperation agreement expired in January 2026. 22NW is a greater than 5% owner of Company stock.

Activist investors may attempt to effect changes in the Company's strategic direction and how the Company is governed, or to acquire control over the Company. Some investors seek to increase short-term shareholder value by advocating corporate actions, such as financial restructuring, increased borrowing, special dividends, stock repurchases, or even sales of assets or the entire company. While the Company welcomes varying opinions from all shareholders, activist campaigns that contest or conflict with our strategic direction could have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition, as responding to proxy contests and other actions by activist shareholders can disrupt our operations, be costly and time-consuming, and divert the attention of the Company's board and senior management from the pursuit of business strategies. In addition, perceived uncertainties as to our future direction as a result of changes to the composition of our Board of Directors may lead to the perception of a change in the direction of the business, instability or lack of continuity, which may be exploited by our competitors, may cause concern to our current or potential customers, may result in the loss of potential business opportunities and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners. These types of actions could cause significant fluctuations in our stock price based on temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business.

***Our success is highly dependent on the continued service and availability of qualified personnel.***

Executing our strategy and being successful as a company depends on the ability to attract, develop, and retain talented personnel, including our Chief Executive Officer, the executive team, and other highly skilled employees. Increased competition for skilled employees, changes in demographics, rising labor costs, and the need to provide competitive compensation and development opportunities could negatively affect our ability to compete and lead to a reduction in our profitability.

***We may not foresee or be able to control certain events that could adversely affect our business or the stability of our supply chain.***

Unexpected events, including fires or explosions at our facilities, natural disasters, such as hurricanes, flooding, and winter storms causing power failures or travel restrictions with respect to our operations, armed conflicts, terrorism, health epidemics, or pandemics, and related restrictions on travel, economic or political uncertainties or instability, extended government or regulator shutdowns or defunding, civil unrest, strikes, unplanned outages, equipment failures, failure to meet product specifications, or disruptions in certain areas of our operations, may cause our operating costs to increase or otherwise negatively impact our financial performance. For example, we have in the past experienced unpredictable reductions in demand for certain of our products and services due to a global health pandemic, which adversely affected our operations and supply chain.

Events such as these, or other catastrophic events, could in the future adversely affect our business and results of operations, including with respect to disruptions of our supply chain. If we do not successfully manage our supply chain or identify new sources of supplies, we may be unable to satisfy customer orders, which could harm our reputation and customer relationships and materially adversely

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affect our business, financial condition, and operating results. A pandemic-related outbreak or other disaster affecting any one of our facilities could result in production delays or otherwise interrupt our operations. Our supply chain could be negatively affected by global shipping disruptions, trade restrictions or embargoes or similar impacts arising from geopolitical conflict, including but not limited to the ongoing conflicts between Ukraine and Russia, conflicts in the Middle East and increasing tensions between China and Taiwan. Such conditions can also contribute to a tight labor market which in turn may adversely impact our supply chain.

**Competitive Risks**

***Our business operates in highly competitive markets and a failure to react to changing market conditions could adversely impact our business.***

We face strong competition in each of the domestic and international markets in which we operate. A slow response to competitor pricing actions and new competitor entries into our product lines could negatively impact our overall pricing. Efforts to improve pricing could negatively impact our sales volume in all product categories. We may be required to invest more heavily to maintain and expand our product offerings. There can be no assurance that new product offerings will be widely accepted in the markets we serve. In addition, the imposition of new or expanded tariffs could adversely impact our ability to compete in certain markets. Significant negative developments in any of these areas could adversely affect our financial results and condition.

***If we are unable to protect our intellectual property and prevent its improper use by third parties, our ability to compete may be harmed.***

We possess and in some cases license intellectual property including proprietary rail product and precast concrete formulations and systems and component designs, and we own a number of patents and trademarks under the intellectual property laws of the US, Canada, Europe, and other countries in which product sales are possible. While we have not perfected patent and trademark protection of our proprietary intellectual property for all products in all countries, we periodically assess our portfolio to determine the need for pursuing further protection. The decision not to obtain patent and trademark protection in additional countries may result in other companies copying and marketing products that are based upon our proprietary intellectual property. This, and failure to continue such licenses, could impede growth into new markets where we do not have such protections and result in a greater supply of similar products in such markets, which in turn could result in a loss of pricing power and reduced revenue. In some cases, we may decide that the best way to protect our intellectual property is to retain proprietary information as trade secrets and confidential information rather than to apply for patents, which would involve disclosure of proprietary information to the public. Any misappropriation or reverse engineering of our trade secrets could result in competitive harm and may result in costly and time-consuming litigation. If any of these events should occur, it could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

***We are dependent upon key customers.***

We could be adversely affected by changes in the business or financial condition of a customer or customers. A prolonged decrease in capital spending by our rail customers or decline in sales orders from other customers could negatively impact our sales and profitability. No assurances can be given that a significant downturn in the business or financial condition of a current customer, or customers, or potential litigation with a current customer, would not also impact our future results of operations and/or financial condition.

**Financial Risks**

***Our future performance and market value could cause write-downs of long-lived and intangible assets in future periods.***

We are required under US generally accepted accounting principles to review intangible and long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In addition, goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at least annually. Factors that may cause the carrying value of our intangible and long-lived assets to not be recoverable include, but are not limited to, a decline in stock price and resulting market capitalization, a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, or a significant decrease in operating or cash flow projections. No impairments of goodwill or intangible assets were recorded in 2025 and 2024.

No assurances can be given that we will not be required to record future significant charges related to tangible or intangible asset impairments.

***Our indebtedness could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations.***

Our indebtedness could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. For example, it could:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows to service our indebtedness, which would reduce the availability of our cash flows to fund working capital, capital expenditures, expansion efforts, or other general corporate purposes;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we operate;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• limit, among other things, our ability to borrow additional funds for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or other general corporate purposes.

Our inability to comply with covenants in place or our inability to make the required principal and interest payments may cause an event of default, which could have a substantial adverse impact to our business, financial condition, and results of operations. There is no assurance that refinancing or asset dispositions could be effected on a timely basis or on satisfactory terms, if at all, particularly if credit market conditions deteriorate. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that refinancing or asset dispositions would be permitted by the terms of our credit agreements or debt instruments. Our existing credit agreements contain, and any future debt agreements we may enter into may contain, certain financial tests and other covenants that limit our ability to incur indebtedness, acquire other businesses, and any such future debt agreements may impose various other restrictions. Our ability to comply with financial tests may be adversely affected by changes in economic or business conditions beyond our control, and these covenants may limit our ability to take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise. We cannot be certain that we will be able to comply with the financial tests and other covenants, or, if we fail to do so, that we will be able to obtain waivers or amended terms from our lenders. An uncured default with respect to one or more of the covenants could result in the amounts outstanding being declared immediately due and payable, which may also trigger an obligation to redeem our outstanding debt securities and repay all other outstanding indebtedness. Any such acceleration of our indebtedness would have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

***Failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and the trading price of its common stock.***

Our internal control over financial reporting ("ICFR"), because of its inherent limitations, may not prevent or detect material misstatements on a timely basis. A failure to maintain effective ICFR or disclosure controls and procedures could impact our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results and other material disclosures or otherwise cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated operations, investor confidence in our business, and the trading prices of our securities.

**Legal, Tax, and Regulatory Risks**

***An adverse outcome in any pending or future litigation, potential required environmental investigation, delineation, or remedial activities including but not limited to the Portland Superfund matter or any related litigation, or pending or future warranty claims against the Company or its subsidiaries or our determination that a customer has a substantial product warranty claim could negatively impact our financial results and/or our financial condition.***

We are party to various legal proceedings. In addition, from time to time our customers assert claims against us relating to the warranties which apply to products we have sold. There is the potential that an outcome adverse to us or our subsidiaries in pending or future legal proceedings or pending or future product warranty claims could materially exceed any accruals we have established and adversely affect our financial results and/or financial condition. In addition, we could suffer a significant loss of business from a customer who is dissatisfied with the resolution of a warranty claim. Refer to "Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements" for further details of pending legal proceedings.

***Violations of the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-corruption laws and other foreign governmental regulations, could result in fines, penalties, and criminal sanctions against the Company, its officers, or both and could have a material and adverse effect on our business.***

The US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other similar global anti-corruption laws, such as the UK Bribery Act and the proposed EU Anti-Corruption Directive, prohibit improper payments and other corrupt practices intended to obtain or retain business. Although we have established an internal control structure, corporate policies, compliance, and training processes to reduce the risk of violation, we cannot ensure that these procedures protect us from violations of such policies by our employees or agents. Failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations could subject us to fines, penalties, and suspension or debarment from contracting. Events of non-compliance could harm our reputation, reduce our revenues and profits, and subject us to criminal and civil enforcement actions. Violations of such laws or allegations of violation could disrupt our business and result in material adverse results to our operating results or future profitability.

Our foreign operations are subject to governmental regulations in the countries in which we operate, as well as US laws. These regulations include those related to currency conversion, repatriation of earnings, taxation of our earnings and the earnings of our personnel, and the increasing requirement in some countries to make greater use of local employees and suppliers, including, in some jurisdictions, mandates that provide for greater local participation in the ownership and control of certain local business assets.

***Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.***

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We have certain tax attributes, including US federal, state, and foreign operating loss carryforwards, and federal research and development credits, which may be available to offset future taxable income in certain jurisdictions. Realization of these net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards depends on future income, and there is a risk that certain of our existing carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

In addition, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, if a corporation undergoes an "ownership change," generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in ownership by "5 percent shareholders" over a rolling three-year period, the corporation's ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryovers and other pre-change tax attributes, such as research and development credits, to offset its post-change income or taxes may be limited. Similar rules apply under US state tax laws. We have, and may in the future, experience ownership changes as a result of shifts in our stock ownership. As a result, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change US net operating loss carryforwards to offset US federal taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us.

***Changes in our tax rates or exposure to additional income tax liability could impact our profitability and management projections, estimates, and judgments, particularly with respect to reserves for litigation, deferred tax assets, and the fair market value of certain assets and liabilities, may be inaccurate and not be indicative of our future performance.***

Our management team is required to use certain estimates in preparing our financial statements, including accounting estimates to determine reserves related to litigation, deferred tax assets, and the fair market value of certain assets and liabilities. Certain asset and liability valuations are subject to management's judgment and actual results are influenced by factors outside our control.

We are required to maintain a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and record a charge to income if we determine, based on evidence available at the time the determination is made, that it is more likely than not some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This evaluation process involves significant management judgment about assumptions that are subject to change from period to period. The use of different estimates can result in changes in the amount of deferred taxes recognized, which can result in earnings volatility because such changes are reported in current period earnings. See Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for additional discussion of our deferred taxes.

***Shifting federal, state, local, and foreign regulatory policies impose risks to our operations.***

We are subject to regulation by federal, state, local, and foreign regulatory agencies and are therefore subject to a variety of legal proceedings and compliance risks, including those described in Item 3 - Legal Proceedings and in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Like other companies engaged in environmentally sensitive businesses, we are required to comply with numerous laws and regulations, including environmental matters relating to, among other things, the treatment, disposal, and storage of wastes, investigation and remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater, the discharge of effluent into waterways, and the emissions of substances into the air. We are required to obtain various authorizations, permits, approvals, and certificates from governmental agencies. The Company could be subject to liability with respect to remediation of past contamination in the operation of some of its current and former facilities and remediation of contamination by former owners or operators of the Company's current or former facilities. Compliance with emerging regulatory initiatives, delays, discontinuations, or reversals or reinterpretations of existing regulatory policies in the markets in which we operate, including costs associated with any required environmental remediation and monitoring, could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

A substantial portion of our operations is heavily dependent on governmental funding of infrastructure projects. Many of these projects have "Buy America" or "Buy American" provisions. Significant changes in the level of government funding of these projects could have a favorable or unfavorable impact on our operating results. Additionally, government actions concerning "Buy America" provisions, taxation, tariffs, the environment, energy, or other matters could impact our operating results.

Government actions in the US or other countries where we have a higher concentration of business may further change tax policy, trade policy, or other regulatory priorities, or may enact other legislation that could create an unfavorable environment for the Company, making it more difficult to compete or adversely impact our operating results.

***Legislative or regulatory initiatives related to climate policy change could have a material adverse effect on our business.***

Greenhouse gases may have an adverse effect on global temperatures, weather patterns, and the frequency and severity of extreme weather and natural disasters. Such events could have a negative effect on our business. Although the current US federal administration has recently taken steps to reduce federal environmental regulation, concern over climate change may continue to result in new or changing legislative and regulatory requirements to reduce or mitigate the effects of climate change on the environment, which could result in future tax, transportation cost, and utility increases. Moreover, natural disasters and extreme weather conditions

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may impact the productivity of our facilities, the operation of our supply chain, or consumer buying patterns. Any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on our business.

***Compliance with environmental laws and regulations could incur significant costs.***

Our operations and properties are also subject to extensive federal, state, local, and foreign environmental laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment and human health and safety, including those concerning the treatment, storage and disposal of wastes, the investigation and remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater, the discharge of effluents into waterways, the emission of substances into the air, as well as various health and safety matters. Environmental laws and regulations are subject to frequent amendment and reinterpretation, and although the current US federal administration has taken steps to reduce environmental regulation, these regulations have in the past and may again in the future become more stringent. Our costs required to comply with new or evolving environmental regulations at the federal, state, local, and foreign jurisdictions in which we operate could be material. We could incur significant costs if we fail to comply with regulations and responsibilities under environmental laws and regulations, including cleanup costs, civil and criminal penalties, injunctive relief and denial or loss of, or imposition of significant restrictions on, environmental permits. In addition, we could be subject to suit by private parties in connection with alleged violations of, or liabilities under, environmental laws and regulations. Additional information on environmental matters is available in this Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors and Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

**International Risks**

***A portion of our sales are derived from our international operations, which expose us to certain risks inherent in doing business on an international level.***

Doing business outside the US subjects the Company to various risks, including changing economic and political conditions, work stoppages, exchange controls, currency fluctuations, armed conflicts, transportation regulations, foreign investments, and taxation. The US government has imposed tariffs on certain foreign goods, including steel and aluminum, and has indicated the possibility of additional tariffs on other goods. In response, several foreign governments have imposed retaliatory tariffs on US goods. Uncertainties surrounding tariffs, trade agreements, or any potential trade disputes could cause disruptions in our operations and increase our costs.

Increasing sales to foreign countries, including Brazil, Canada, China, India, Mexico, the UK, and countries within the EU, expose the Company to increased risk of loss from foreign currency fluctuations and exchange controls as well as longer accounts receivable payment cycles and the potential impact of tariffs on our ability to compete in such markets. We have little control over most of these risks and may be unable to anticipate changes in international economic and political conditions and, therefore, be unable to alter our business practices in time to avoid the adverse effect of any of these possible changes.

Changes in exchange rates for foreign currencies may reduce international demand for our products or increase our labor or supply costs in non-US markets. Fluctuations in the relative values of the US dollar, Canadian dollar, British pound, and Euro may result in volatile earnings that reflect exchange rate translation in our Canadian and European sales and operations. If the US dollar strengthens in value as compared to the value of the Canadian dollar, British pound, or Euro, our reported earnings in dollars from sales in those currencies will be unfavorable. Conversely, a favorable result will be reported if the US dollar weakens in value as compared to the value of the Canadian dollar, British pound, or Euro.

Additionally, international trade agreements, including The United States-Mexico-Canada Trade Agreement ("USMCA"), could affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Potential material modifications to USMCA, which is subject to joint review in July 2026, or certain other international trade agreements, including with respect to the modification of trade agreements with or among the EU and the UK which remain subject to uncertainties, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our UK operations represented approximately 6% and 8% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 less than 1% of our consolidated net revenue was from the UK operation's sales exported to EU members.

**ITEM 1B. *UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS***

None.

**ITEM 1C. *CYBERSECURITY***

**Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure**

The Company's cybersecurity program is designed to protect its digital assets and information, and to allow for the secure storage and transmission of proprietary or confidential information regarding our customers, employees, job applicants, and other parties, including financial information, intellectual property, and personal identification information. The Company's cybersecurity program is formed on a risk-based approach in accordance with industry best practices, and is calibrated with recommendations from third

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party risk management consultants, auditors, cybersecurity professionals, and cybersecurity insurers. Portions of our business are certified under the Cyber Essentials Plus program. Additionally, the Company has performed an ISO 27001 gap analysis, with the goal to adhere to ISO 27001 standards as a guidepost for a Company-wide security posture.

Our cybersecurity program includes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a comprehensive cyber education program with ongoing employee cybersecurity awareness and training activities, which include frequent phishing simulation, testing, and ongoing education;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• strong identity and authentication controls with multifactor authentication and risky user detection;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• access management and access controls with periodic reviews;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• protection of certain data through encryption at rest and in transit;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• application whitelisting ensuring unapproved applications cannot be run;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• endpoint and network monitoring and protection software;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• network segmentation to prohibit lateral motion;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• sensitive data transmission detection tools;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• comprehensive AI governance, training, detection, and whitelisting only approved applications evaluated by Information Technology ("IT") Security and Compliance and Legal;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the engagement of a managed detection and response service which monitors the Company's environment at all times for threats, and in the event of an incident, provides proactive services;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a vulnerability management program that includes identifying and managing the cybersecurity risk associated with third-party service providers, including third-party software, hardware, and network infrastructure;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• a dedicated internal cybersecurity team and a cyber incident response plan that provides controls and procedures to support appropriate identification, containment, response, investigation, reporting, and recovery from cybersecurity incidents;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• simulated cyber security emergency response readiness scenario training with key IT personnel and executive leadership;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• periodic testing of our cybersecurity posture, including by independent third-party consultants; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• integrating cybersecurity requirements and other provision into various contracts.

The Company has continued to invest in cybersecurity to evolve and improve its program and regularly assesses and measures itself against industry practices to identify opportunities to enhance training and awareness among our people and improve processes and technology used to identify, prevent, detect, respond, and recover from cybersecurity incidents. When such improvements are identified and validated as appropriate in the Company's business context, they are incorporated in the roadmap for implementation.

To date, although the Company has been subject to cyber-attacks, the risks and impacts from cybersecurity threats have not materially affected the Company. We have significantly increased our cybersecurity investments over the last several years and have implemented cybersecurity safeguards designed to detect and prevent cybersecurity events that may have a material adverse effect on the Company. Notwithstanding our increased cybersecurity investments and preparedness activities, sophisticated and targeted computer crime perpetrated by threat actors internal or external to the Company poses a risk to the security of our systems, facilities, and networks and to the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of our data, including but not limited to intellectual property and confidential and personal data. This could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, legal and financial exposure, negative impacts on our customers' willingness to transact business with us, and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and our reputation. Refer to the risk factor titled "We are subject to cybersecurity risks and may incur increasing costs in an effort to minimize those risks" in Item 1A of this Form 10-K for further detail regarding cybersecurity risks that could affect the Company's operations. We maintain insurance covering certain costs that we may incur in connection with cybersecurity incidents, which we believe is commensurate with the size and the nature of our operations. However, the Company may incur expenses and losses related to a cyber incident that are not covered by insurance or are in excess of our insurance coverage.

The Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") has overall responsibility for the oversight of risk management at L.B. Foster Company, which includes cybersecurity risks. The Audit Committee of the Board (the "Audit Committee"), is responsible for oversight of the Company's Enterprise Risk Management program which provides oversight and governance of all of the Company's operational and financial risks, specifically including risks from cybersecurity threats to the Company. As described below, the Audit Committee receives regular reports and periodic briefings from senior management on cybersecurity matters, including key risks to the Company, recent developments, and risk mitigation activities. Recent areas of attention have included AI-related threats and opportunities with discussions focused on proactive risk management and emerging developments in the AI landscape.

The Company has a Cyber Incident Response Team ("CIRT") of trained information technology professionals who are responsible for assessing, identifying, and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats on an ongoing basis, all of whom have extensive background, experience, and education in information technology and computer science and are subject to training on industry-leading security platforms and tools as well as continuing education to maximize capabilities with the tools and technology of the Company. This team is overseen by the Vice President of Information Technology, who facilitates the regular cybersecurity updates to the Audit

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Committee. The Company also has a Cyber Security Materiality Assessment Committee ("CMAC") comprised of the Chief Financial Officer, General Counsel, and information technology and security representatives, which is responsible for assessment of material cybersecurity incidents and communicating such incidents to the Chief Executive Officer, Audit Committee, and the Board.

The CIRT maintains an internal execution and communication plan that is designed to measure the impact, assess initial materiality, record the incident, invoke the incident response plan, and communicate the occurrence of certain cybersecurity events or incidents to appropriate members of senior management (including the CMAC) within established procedural time frames. This communication hierarchy includes protocols for informing the Chief Executive Officer, Audit Committee, and the full Board of certain cybersecurity events or incidents and for determining the materiality thereof.

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**ITEM 2. *PROPERTIES***

Our corporate headquarters is located at 415 Holiday Drive, Suite 100, Pittsburgh, PA 15220. The location and general description of the material principal properties that are owned or leased by the Company, together with the segment of the Company's business using such properties, are set forth in the following table:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **<u>Location</u>** | **<u>Function</u>** | **<u>Acres</u>** | **<u>Business Segment</u>** | **<u>Lease Expiration</u>** |
| Bedford, PA | Bridge component fabricating plant | 6 | Infrastructure | Owned |
| Birmingham, AL | Protective coatings facility | 32 | Infrastructure | 2027 |
| Burnaby, BC, Canada | Friction management products plant | N/A | Rail | 2029 |
| Columbia City, IN | Rail processing facility and yard storage | 22 | Rail | Owned |
| Dublin, OH  | Rail safety device manufacturing facility  | 1 | Rail | 2026 |
| Hillsboro, TX | Precast concrete facility | 9 | Infrastructure | Owned |
| Lake County, FL | Precast concrete facility | 18 | Infrastructure | 2029 |
| Lebanon, TN | Precast concrete facility | 10 | Infrastructure | 2028 |
| Loudon, TN | Precast concrete facility | 51 | Infrastructure | Owned |
| Magnolia, TX | Threading facility | 34 | Infrastructure | Owned |
| Nampa, ID | Precast concrete facility | 20 | Infrastructure | 2039 |
| Niles, OH | Rail fabrication, friction management products, and yard storage | 35 | Rail | Owned |
| Nottingham, United Kingdom | Technology solutions manufacturing | 4 | Rail | Owned |
| Nottingham, United Kingdom | Technology solutions manufacturing | N/A | Rail | 2030 |
| Pueblo, CO | Rail joint manufacturing facility | 9 | Rail | Owned |
| Sheffield, United Kingdom | Track component and friction management products facility | N/A | Rail | 2030 |
| Suwanee, GA | Transit fastener assembly | 1 | Rail | 2031 |
| Waverly, WV | Precast concrete facility | 85 | Infrastructure | Owned |
| Willis, TX | Protective coatings facility | 16 | Infrastructure | Owned |

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Included in the table above are certain facilities leased by the Company for which there is no acreage included in the lease. For these properties a "N/A" has been included in the "Acres" column.

The properties listed above include our material warehouses, plants, and yards. We also have a network of sales offices, including our corporate headquarters in Pittsburgh, PA that we own or lease throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, China, and Brazil. The Company's facilities are in good condition and suitable for the Company's business as currently conducted and as currently planned to be conducted.

**ITEM 3. *LEGAL PROCEEDINGS***

Information regarding the Company's legal proceedings and other commitments and contingencies is set forth in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.

**ITEM 4. *MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES***

This item is not applicable to the Company.

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**PART II**

**ITEM 5. *MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES***

(Dollars in thousands, except share data unless otherwise noted)

**Stock Market Information**

The Company had 315 common shareholders of record on February 27, 2026. The number of record holders does not include stockholders who are beneficial owners but whose shares are held in "street name" by brokers and other nominees or persons, partnerships, associates, corporations, or other entities identified in security position listings maintained by depositories. The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol: FSTR.

**Dividends**

During 2025 and 2024 the Company did not declare any quarterly dividends, however, there is potential for ordinary or special dividends in future years.

The Company's credit facility, as amended, permits it to pay dividends and distributions and to make redemptions with respect to its stock providing no event of default or potential default (as defined in the credit facility) has occurred prior to or after giving effect to the dividend, distribution, or redemption.

**Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans**

See Item 12 "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management."

**Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities**

The Board of Directors previously authorized the repurchase of up to $15,000 of the Company's common shares until February 2025, pursuant to the terms of the previously disclosed stock repurchase program adopted March 3, 2023, as amended August 5, 2024. On March 3, 2025, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $40,000 of the Company's common stock in open market transactions and/or 10b5-1 trading plans through February 29, 2028. Repurchases of shares of the Company's common stock may be made from time to time in the open market or in such other manner as determined by the Company. The timing of the repurchases and the actual amount repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the market price of the Company's shares, general market and economic conditions, and other factors. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

The Company's purchases of equity securities for the three months ended December 31, 2025 were as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Total number of shares purchased (a)** | **Average price paid per share** | **Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs** | **Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs** |
| October 1, 2025 - October 31, 2025 | 72156  | $26.91  | 72057  | $30025  |
| November 1, 2025 - November 30, 2025 | 49258  | 27.16  | 49258  | 28687  |
| December 1, 2025 - December 31, 2025 | 5983  | 26.95  | —  | 28687  |
| Total | 127397  | $27.02  | 121315  | $28687  |

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(a) During the current period, 6,082 shares were withheld by the Company to pay taxes upon vesting of stock.

**ITEM 6. *[RESERVED]***

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**ITEM 7. *MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS***

(Dollars in thousands, except share data unless otherwise noted)

**Our Business**

L.B. Foster Company is a global technology solutions provider of products and services for the rail and infrastructure markets. The Company's innovative engineering and product development solutions address the safety, reliability, and performance needs of its customers' most challenging requirements. The Company is organized and operates in two reporting segments: Rail, Technologies, and Services ("Rail") and Infrastructure Solutions ("Infrastructure").

Our financial statements presented herein are prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("US GAAP"). Throughout Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (the "MD&A"), we refer to measures used by management to evaluate performance. We also refer to a number of financial measures that are not defined under US GAAP, including Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement), funding capacity, new orders, net, and backlog. The explanation at the end of the MD&A provides the definition of these non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of funding capacity to its most directly comparable respective US GAAP financial measure is presented in the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section below.

**Product Line Exits**

On August 30, 2023, the Company announced the discontinuation of its Bridge Products grid deck product line ("Bridge Exit") which was reported in the Steel Products business unit within the Infrastructure segment. The Bedford, PA based operations supporting the product line completed all customer obligations as of December 31, 2025. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the product line had $1,637 and $3,700 in sales, respectively. The decision to exit the bridge grid deck product line was a result of a weak bridge grid deck market condition and outlook due to customer adoption of newer technologies replacing the grid deck solution.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company announced the discontinuation of its Automation and Materials Handling product line (the "AMH Exit") which was reported in the Technology Services and Solutions business unit within the Rail segment. The decision to exit this product line was due to the Company's initiatives to scale back businesses in the United Kingdom. The Company completed all remaining customer obligations in 2025. This product line had net sales of $1,843 and $5,230 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company has incurred a total of $1,351 in exit costs associated with the AMH Exit, which included $615 in inventory write-offs, $40 in fixed asset write-offs, $507 in personnel expenses, and $189 in other exit costs. Exit costs of $1,085 were recorded in "Cost of goods sold" and $266 were recorded in "Selling and administrative expenses" within our Rail segment. The Company does not expect to incur additional material exit costs associated with the AMH Exit.

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**<u>Full Year Results Comparison</u>**

**<u>Results of Operations</u>**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Change** | **Change** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025 vs. 2024** | **2025 vs. 2024** |
| Net sales | $540009  | $530765  | $9244  |  |
| Gross profit | 113752  | 118062  | (4310) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gross profit margin | 21.1% | 22.2% | (110) | bps |
| Expenses: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and administrative expenses | $88556  | $96398  | $(7842) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and administrative expenses as a percent of sales | 16.4% | 18.2% | (180) | bps |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;(Gain) on sale of former joint venture facility  | $—  | $(3477) | $3477  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization expense | 3311  | 4628  | (1317) |  |
| Operating income | $21885  | $20513  | $1372  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating income margin  | 4.1% | 3.9% | 20  | bps |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense - net | $4889  | $4992  | $(103) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other (income) expense - net  | (420) | 1076  | (1496) |  |
| Income before income taxes | $17416  | $14445  | $2971  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax expense (benefit) | 9997  | (28398) | 38395  |  |
| Net income | $7419  | $42843  | $(35424) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | (126) | (103) | (23) |  |
| Net income attributable to L.B. Foster Company | $7545  | $42946  | $(35401) |  |
| Diluted earnings per common share | $0.69  | $3.89  | $(3.20) |  |

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**<u>Fiscal 2025 Compared to Fiscal 2024 — Company Analysis</u>**

Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $9,244, or 1.7%, over the prior year. Infrastructure net sales improved $30,387, or 14.9%, over the prior year due to volume increases in both business units. Rail net sales declined $21,143, or 6.5% from the prior year due to softer demand for Rail Products in early 2025, as well as right-sizing activities and overall commercial weakness in the UK Rail business.

Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2025 declined $4,310, or 3.7%, from the prior year, and gross profit margins declined 110 basis points to 21.1%. The decline in gross profit was driven by Rail which declined $10,139 primarily due to lower sales volumes and weakness in the UK Rail business coupled with lower volumes for Rail Products. Rail gross profit was also impacted in 2025 by $1,085 of AMH Exit costs and $953 of costs associated with restructuring actions taken in the fourth quarter related to the UK businesses. Infrastructure gross profit improved $5,829 due to improved volumes in both business units and favorable business mix in Steel Products, partially offset by increased manufacturing costs in the Precast Concrete business including $2,246 in start up costs associated with our new precast facility in Florida. The prior year gross profit included a $815 gain realized on a facility sale.

Selling and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $7,842, or 8.1%, from the prior year. The decrease was primarily attributed to declines of $3,037 in personnel costs, $988 in travel and entertainment costs, $1,053 in insurance costs, $1,834 in professional services costs, and $1,173 in legal costs. These declines were offset in part by an increase of $243 in restructuring charges. Selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales declined 180 basis points to 16.4% in 2025.

The $3,477 gain on sale of the former joint venture facility for the year ended December 31, 2024 was attributed to the Company's facility and land in Magnolia, Texas.

Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $1,317, or 28.5%, from the prior year due to acquired intangible assets becoming fully amortized during the year.

Other (income) expense - net was favorable by $1,496 compared to the prior year. Other expense - net for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily attributable to $1,722 of pension termination costs associated with the termination of the frozen L.B. Foster Company Merged Retirement Plan in the US.

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The Company's effective income tax rate for 2025 was 57.4%, compared to (196.6)% in the prior year period. The Company's 2025 effective income tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of pre-tax losses in the United Kingdom, for which no income tax benefit was recognized due to a valuation allowance. The Company's 2024 effective income tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the change in valuation allowance previously recorded against certain U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. For further discussion on the valuation allowance, refer to Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net income attributable to the Company for the year ended December 31, 2025 was unfavorable by $35,401 from the prior year period. The change in net income attributable to the Company was due primarily to a $31,937 favorable tax valuation allowance adjustment in 2024 and a higher effective tax rate in 2025 largely driven by the impact of pre-tax losses in the United Kingdom, for which no income tax benefit was recognized due to a valuation allowance, partially offset by improved operating income for the year ended December 31, 2025.

**<u>Results of Operations — Segment Analysis</u>**

**<u>Rail, Technologies, and Services</u>**

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended**<br>**December 31,** | **Year Ended**<br>**December 31,** | **Change** | **Change** | **Percent**<br>**Change** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025 vs. 2024** | **2025 vs. 2024** | **2025 vs. 2024** |
| Net sales | $305726  | $326869  | $(21143) |  | (6.5)% |
| Gross profit | $62330  | $72469  | $(10139) |  | (14.0) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Gross profit margin | 20.4% | 22.2% | (180) | bps | (8.1) |
| Segment operating income | $15592  | $21912  | $(6320) |  | (28.8) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Segment operating income margin | 5.1% | 6.7% | (160) | bps | (23.9) |

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Rail net sales for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $21,143, or 6.5%, from the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to softer demand in the first half of the year for the Rail Products business unit which decreased $19,441, or 9.4%, from the prior year. Technology Services and Solutions net sales decreased $14,231, or 26.8%, due to right-sizing activities and overall commercial weakness in the UK Rail business. Global Friction Management net sales improved $12,529, or 19.0%, over the prior year due to improved demand in markets served.

Rail gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $10,139, or 14.0%, from the prior year and gross margins declined 180 basis points to 20.4%. The Rail Products business unit gross profit declined $2,561 due to lower volumes. The Technology Services and Solutions business unit gross profit declined $13,497 due to lower sales volumes, higher costs, unfavorable mix, and $1,085 of costs associated with the AMH Exit and $953 of costs associated with fourth quarter restructuring actions taken in the UK businesses. Partially offsetting these declines was an improvement in Global Friction Management gross profit of $5,919 over the prior year due to higher volumes and favorable mix.

Rail operating income for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $6,320, or 28.8%, from the prior year. The decrease was driven by the decline in gross profit, partially offset by decreases in selling and administrative expenses of $2,600 due to lower personnel costs and amortization expense of $1,219.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, Rail had new orders, net of $338,039, an increase of $29,645 over the prior year. The increase was due to a 45.5% improvement in the Technology Services and Solutions business unit due to a large, multi-year order received in the UK business, a 16.8% improvement in the Global Friction Management business unit, and a 0.7% improvement in the Rail Product business unit. Backlog as of December 31, 2025 was $96,980, an increase of $34,531, or 55.3%, over the prior year. The increase was due to a 114.0% improvement in the Technology Services and Solutions business unit, a 68.8% improvement in the Global Friction Management business unit, and a 29.5% improvement in the Rail Products business unit.

**<u>Infrastructure Solutions</u>**

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended**<br>**December 31,** | **Year Ended**<br>**December 31,** | **Change** | **Change** | **Percent**<br>**Change** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025 vs. 2024** | **2025 vs. 2024** | **2025 vs. 2024** |
| Net sales | $234283  | $203896  | $30387  |  | 14.9% |
| Gross profit | $51422  | $45593  | $5829  |  | 12.8  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Gross profit margin | 21.9% | 22.4% | (50) | bps | (2.2) |
| Segment operating income | $15787  | $9375  | $6412  |  | 68.4  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Segment operating income margin | 6.7% | 4.6% | 210  | bps | 45.7  |

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Infrastructure net sales for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $30,387, or 14.9%, over the prior year. The increase in net sales was attributable to the Precast Concrete Products business unit which increased $27,080, or 19.9%, over the prior year. The Steel Products business unit net sales also increased $3,307, or 4.9%, over the prior year due to improved demand in markets served.

Infrastructure gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $5,829, or 12.8%, over the prior year. Gross profit increased $2,025 in the Precast Concrete business unit due to higher volumes offset in part by higher manufacturing costs, including $2,246 of costs associated with the start up of our Florida precast facility in line with the Company's strategic growth plan. Steel Products gross profit improved $3,804 over the prior year due to higher volumes and favorable business mix. Gross margins of 21.9% decreased 50 basis points from the prior year due to unfavorable sales mix and higher manufacturing costs in the Precast Concrete business unit. Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2024 includes the $815 gain realized on a facility sale.

Infrastructure operating income for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $6,412, or 68.4%, over the prior year which was primarily due to improvements in gross profit.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, Infrastructure had new orders, net of $202,880, an increase of $4,736 from the prior year. The increase was due to the Precast Concrete Products business unit which increased 12.9% over the prior year. Partially offsetting this increase was a decrease in the Steel Products business unit of 22.8% from the prior year period due to order cancellations. Backlog as of December 31, 2025 was $92,358, a decrease of $31,102, or 25.2%, from the prior year due to order cancellations in the Steel Products business unit coupled with a decrease in the Precast Concrete Products business unit of 6.7%.

**<u>Corporate</u>**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended**<br>**December 31,** | **Year Ended**<br>**December 31,** | **Change** | **Percent**<br>**Change** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025 vs. 2024** | **2025 vs. 2024** |
| (Gain) on sale of former joint venture facility  | $—  | $(3477) | $3477  | \*\* |
| Public company costs | 4395  | 5755  | (1360) | (23.6)% |
| Corporate executive management costs | 2130  | 5726  | (3596) | (62.8) |
| Corporate management stock-based compensation | 2864  | 2065  | 799  | 38.7  |
| Other | 105  | 705  | (600) | (85.1) |
| Unallocated corporate expense - net | $9494  | $10774  | $(1280) | (11.9)% |

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*\*\*Results of this calculation not meaningful.*

Unallocated corporate expenses - net for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $9,494 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 which was $10,774. The decrease was primarily due to a decline in corporate executive management costs of $3,596 due to a decrease in legal fees, professional service expenditures, travel and insurance costs. The decline was offset in part by the $3,477 gain on the sale of the former joint venture facility in Magnolia, Texas in the year ended December 31, 2024.

**Restructuring** 

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company announced a restructuring program aligned with its strategy to reduce costs within the UK-based Technology Services and Solutions businesses within the Rail segment. The restructuring action has been completed as of December 31, 2025. The Company has incurred a total of $2,184 in restructuring and other costs associated with this program, which includes $695 in inventory write-offs, $95 in fixed asset write-offs, $524 in personnel expenses, $717 in lease termination costs, and $153 in other costs. Costs of $780 were recorded in "Cost of services sold," $173 were recorded in "Cost of

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goods sold," and $1,231 were recorded in "Selling and administrative expenses" within our Rail segment. The Company does not expect to incur additional material costs associated with this program.

In August 2024, the Company announced an enterprise restructuring program aligned with its strategy to reduce costs and enable investment in its growth platforms. The restructuring action has been completed as of December 31, 2024. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred $1,456 of restructuring expense, related primarily to severance costs. Of the total restructuring costs, $245 was recorded in "Cost of goods sold" and $1,211 was reported in "Selling and administrative expense." By business segment, the Company incurred $1,134 of restructuring costs in Rail, $113 in Infrastructure, and $209 in Corporate.

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

The Company's principal sources of liquidity are its existing cash and cash equivalents, cash generated by operations, and the available capacity under its revolving credit facility, which provides for a total commitment of up to $150,000, of which $106,930 was available for borrowing as of December 31, 2025, subject to covenant restrictions. The Company's primary needs for liquidity relate to working capital requirements for operations, capital expenditures, debt service obligations, tax obligations, outstanding purchase obligations, acquisitions, restructuring payments, and to support share repurchase programs. The Company's total debt, including finance leases, was $42,756 and $46,940 as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was primarily comprised of borrowings under its revolving credit facility.

The following table reflects available funding capacity as of December 31, 2025:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** |
| Cash and cash equivalents |  | $4348  |
| Credit agreement: |  |  |
| Total availability under the credit agreement | $150000  |  |
| Outstanding borrowings on revolving credit facility | (42194) |  |
| Letters of credit outstanding | (876) |  |
| Net availability under the revolving credit facility |  | 106930  |
| Total available funding capacity |  | $111278  |

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As of December 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants of the Credit Agreement and has $111,278 available funding capacity, subject to covenant restrictions.

The Company's operating cash flows are impacted from period to period by fluctuations in working capital, as well as its overall profitability. While the Company places an emphasis on working capital management in its operations, factors such as business mix, commercial terms, and market conditions as well as seasonality may impact working capital. The Company regularly assesses its receivables and contract assets for collectability and realization, and provides allowances for credit losses where appropriate. The Company believes that its reserves for credit losses are appropriate as of December 31, 2025, but adverse changes in the economic environment and adverse financial conditions of its customers may impact certain of its customers' ability to access capital and compensate the Company for its products and services, as well as impact demand for its products and services.

The change in cash and cash equivalents for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $35619  | $22632  |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (10373) | (6312) |
| Net cash used in financing activities | (23539) | (16231) |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 187  | (195) |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $1894  | $(106) |

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**<u>Cash Flows from Operating Activities</u>**

During the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash provided by operating activities was $35,619, compared to $22,632 during the prior year. During 2025, cash flow provided by operating activities consisted of net income and non-cash items amounting to $34,678 and changes in certain assets and liabilities netting to a cash inflow of $941. In 2024, cash flow provided by operating activities

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consisted of net income and non-cash items amounting to $27,195 and changes in certain assets and liabilities netting to a cash outflow of $4,563.

**<u>Cash Flows from Investing Activities</u>**

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had capital expenditures of $10,424, a $633 increase over 2024. Capital expenditures in both periods primarily relate to general plant and operational improvements throughout the Company, as well as organic growth initiatives, including investments in our new Precast Concrete facility in Lake County, Florida. In 2024, the Company sold the facility and land of its former joint venture in Magnolia, Texas and fixed assets associated with the Bridge Exit generating cash inflow of $3,895.

**<u>Cash Flows from Financing Activities</u>**

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company had a decrease in outstanding debt of $5,540 compared to a $7,994 decrease during the year ended December 31, 2024. Additionally, debt issuance costs of $706 were incurred during the year ended December 31, 2025 related to the June 27, 2025 Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company also made a $782 deferred payment related to the June 2022 acquisition of Skratch Enterprise Ltd. This payment was deferred at the date of the acquisition in accordance with the purchase agreement and was made during the second quarter of 2025.

The Board of Directors previously authorized the repurchase of up to $15,000 of the Company's common shares until February 2025, pursuant to the terms of the previously disclosed stock repurchase program adopted March 3, 2023, as amended August 5, 2024. During the first quarter of 2025, the Company repurchased 113,169 shares for $3,123 under this program through February 2025. Since the program's inception and continuing through February 2025, the Company repurchased a total of 547,679 shares of its stock for $12,241 under the program.

On March 3, 2025, the Company's Board of Directors approved a new authorization to repurchase up to $40,000 of the Company's common stock in open market transactions and/or 10b5-1 trading plans through February 29, 2028. As of December 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 469,220 shares of its stock for $11,313 under this program.

Under both programs, the Company repurchased a total of 582,389 shares for $14,436 during the year ended December 31, 2025. From February 2023 through December 31, 2025, the Company repurchased a total of 1,016,899 shares of its stock for $23,554 under both programs.

Repurchases of shares of the Company's common stock may be made from time to time in the open market or in such other manner as determined by the Company. The timing of the repurchases and the actual amount repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the market price of the Company's shares, general market and economic conditions, and other factors. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

**<u>Financial Condition</u>**

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had $4,348 in cash and cash equivalents and $106,930 of availability under its revolving credit facility, subject to covenant restrictions. As of December 31, 2025, approximately $4,029 of the Company's cash and cash equivalents were held in non-domestic bank accounts.

The Company's principal uses of cash in recent years have been to fund its operations, including capital expenditures, repurchase of shares, acquisitions, funding the now complete UPRR Settlement Agreement, and service indebtedness as discussed further under Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 16 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company views its short and long-term liquidity as being dependent on its results of operations, changes in working capital needs, and its borrowing capacity.

On June 27, 2025, the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, and certain of its Canadian and United Kingdom subsidiaries (collectively, the "Borrowers"), entered into the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., and Wells Fargo Bank N.A. as Co-Syndication Agents, and Dollar Bank, Federal Savings Bank as a participant. The Credit Agreement, as amended, modifies the prior amended revolving credit facility, which had a maximum credit line of $130,000 and extends the maturity date from August 13, 2026 to June 27, 2030. The Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, revolving credit facility that permits aggregate borrowings of the Borrowers up to $150,000 with sublimits for (a) the issuance of letters of credit in dollars and in alternative currencies in an amount not to exceed the dollar equivalent of $30,000, and (b) borrowings of swing loans in dollars in an amount not to exceed $20,000; and with an incremental loan feature not to exceed $60,000. For a discussion of the terms and availability of the credit facilities, refer to Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and

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Supplementary Data, Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference into this Item 7.

To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on outstanding variable-rate debt, the Company entered into SOFR-based interest rate swaps with notional values totaling $20,000 and $20,000, effective August 12, 2022 and August 31, 2022, respectively, at which point the agreements effectively converted a portion of the debt from variable to fixed-rate borrowings during the term of the swap contract. The August 12, 2022 interest rate swap expired on March 1, 2025. The August 31, 2022 interest rate swap expires on August 13, 2026.

The Company believes that the combination of its cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations, and the capacity under its revolving credit facility will provide sufficient liquidity to provide the flexibility to operate the business in a prudent manner, continue to service outstanding debt, repurchase shares and to selectively pursue accretive acquisitions to further the Company's strategic initiatives.

**Backlog**

Although backlog is not necessarily indicative of future operating results, the following table provides the backlog by business segment:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Rail, Technologies, and Services | $96980  | $62449  |
| Infrastructure Solutions | 92358  | 123460  |
| Consolidated Total | $189338  | $185909  |

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While a considerable portion of the Company's business is backlog driven, certain businesses, including the Global Friction Management business unit, are not driven by backlog and therefore have insignificant levels of backlog throughout the year. Backlog increased $3,429 due to increases in the Rail segment.

**Critical Accounting Estimates**

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The following critical accounting estimates, which are reviewed by the Company's Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, are those management believes are the most critical to understand and evaluate our financial condition and results and require subjective or complex judgments. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

For a summary of the Company's significant accounting policies, see Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference into this Item 7.

**Income Taxes -** The recognition of deferred tax assets requires management to make judgments regarding the future realization of these assets. As prescribed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board's ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740, "Income Taxes," valuation allowances must be provided for those deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This guidance requires management to evaluate positive and negative evidence regarding the recoverability of deferred tax assets. The determination of whether the positive evidence outweighs the negative evidence and quantification of the valuation allowance requires management to make estimates and judgments of future financial results.

The Company evaluates all tax positions taken on its federal, state, and foreign tax filings to determine if the position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. For positions that meet the more likely than not to be sustained criteria, the largest amount of benefit to be realized upon ultimate settlement is determined on a cumulative probability basis. A previously recognized tax position is derecognized when it is subsequently determined that a tax position no longer meets the more likely than not threshold to be sustained. The evaluation of the sustainability of a tax position and the expected tax benefit is based on judgment, historical experience, and other assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates upon subsequent resolution of identified matters.

The Company's income tax rate is significantly affected by the tax rate on global operations. In addition to local country tax laws and regulations, this rate depends on the extent earnings are indefinitely reinvested outside of the US. Indefinite reinvestment is determined by management's judgment about and intentions concerning the future operations of the Company. There have been no material changes in the underlying assumptions and estimates used in these calculations in the relevant period.

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Refer to Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 13 which is incorporated by reference into this Item 7, for additional information regarding the Company's deferred tax assets. The Company's ability to realize these tax benefits may affect the Company's reported income tax expense and net income.

**Revenue Recognition -** Refer to Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 1 and Note 3 which is incorporated by reference into this Item 7, for a complete discussion of our revenue recognition policies. The Company derives revenue from products and services provided under long-term agreements with its customers. The Company's performance obligations under long-term agreements with its customers are generally satisfied over time. Revenue under these long-term agreements is generally recognized over time either using an input measure based upon the proportion of actual costs incurred to estimated total project costs or an input measure based upon actual labor costs as a percentage of estimated total labor costs, depending upon which measure the Company believes best depicts the Company's performance to date under the terms of the contract. Accounting for these long-term agreements involves the use of various techniques to estimate total revenues and costs. The Company estimates profit on these long-term agreements as the difference between total estimated revenues and expected costs to complete a contract and recognizes that profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that may span several years. These assumptions include, among other things, labor productivity, cost and availability of materials, and timing of project execution. The nature of these long-term agreements may give rise to several types of variable consideration, such as discounts and claims. Contract estimates may include additional revenue for submitted contract modifications, including at times unapproved change orders, if there exists an enforceable right to the modification, the amount can be reasonably estimated, and its realization is probable. These estimates are based on historical collection experience, anticipated performance, and the Company's best judgment at that time. These amounts are generally included in the contract's transaction price and are allocated over the remaining performance obligations. As a result of management's reviews of contract-related estimates, the Company makes adjustments to contract estimates that impact our revenue and profit totals. Changes in estimates are primarily attributed to updated considerations, including economic conditions and historic contract patterns resulting in anticipated revenue from existing contracts.

**Goodwill -** We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. When evaluating for impairment the Company may first consider qualitative factors to assess whether there are indicators that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit may not exceed its carrying amount. If we do not perform a qualitative assessment, or if we determine that it is more like than not that the fair value of the reporting unit does not exceed its carrying value, we perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the excess amount up to the goodwill balance is recorded as an impairment to goodwill of the reporting unit. The Company uses a discounted cash flow method to determine the fair values of the reporting units.

A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the estimation of the fair value of reporting units, including the identification of macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, which may drive changes to future operating cash flows and market participant assumptions. The estimated fair value of a reporting unit is sensitive to changes in assumptions, including forecasted future operating cash flows, weighted-average cost of capital, terminal growth rates, and industry multiples.

The Company considers historical experience and available information at the time the fair values of its reporting units are estimated. The Company believes the estimates and assumptions used in estimating the fair value of its reporting units are reasonable and appropriate; however, different assumptions and estimates could materially impact the estimated fair value of its reporting units and the resulting determinations about goodwill impairment. This could materially impact the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Balance Sheets. There have been no material changes in the underlying assumptions and estimates used in these calculations in the relevant period. Future estimates may differ materially from current estimates and assumptions.

Additional information concerning the impairments is set forth in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein, which is incorporated by reference into this Item 7.

**Intangible Assets and Long-Lived Assets -** The Company tests intangible assets and long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is determined by comparing the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the asset or asset group to their carrying amount. If the carrying value of the assets exceeds their estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment loss would be determined as the difference between the fair value of the assets and its carrying value. Typically, the fair value of the assets would be determined using a discounted cash flow model which would be sensitive to judgments of what constitutes an asset group and certain assumptions such as estimated future financial performance, discount rates, and other assumptions that marketplace participants would use in their estimates of fair value. There have been no material changes in the underlying assumptions and estimates used in these calculations in the relevant period. The accounting estimate related to asset impairments is highly susceptible to change from period to period because it requires management to make assumptions about the existence of impairment indicators and cash flows over future years. These

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assumptions impact the amount of an impairment, which could materially adversely impact the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Additional information concerning the impairments is set forth in Part II, Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein, which is incorporated by reference into this Item 7.

**Non-GAAP Financial Measures**

In accordance with SEC rules, the Company provides descriptions of the non-GAAP financial measures included in this Annual Report and reconciliations to the most closely related GAAP financial measures. The Company believes that these measures provide useful perspective on underlying business trends and results and a supplemental measure of year-over-year results. The non-GAAP financial measures described below are used by management in making operating decisions, allocating financial resources and for business strategy purposes and may, therefore, also be useful to investors as they are a view of our business results through the eyes of management. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be considered by the user in place of the related GAAP financial measure, but rather as supplemental information to our business results. These non-GAAP financial measures may not be the same as similar measures used by other companies due to possible differences in method and in the items or events being adjusted.

The Company views funding capacity, which is the net availability under the revolving credit agreement plus cash and cash equivalents, as an important metric as it demonstrates the borrowing capacity of the Company.

The Company defines new orders, net as a contractual agreement between the Company and a third-party in which the Company will, or has the ability to, satisfy the performance obligations of the promised products or services under the terms of the agreement net of order cancellations incurred during the period. The Company defines backlog as contractual commitments to customers for which the Company's performance obligations have not been met, including with respect to new orders and contracts for which the Company has not begun any performance. Backlog may not be indicative of future operating results as orders may be cancelled or modified by the customer. Management utilizes new orders, net and backlog to evaluate the health of the industries in which the Company operates, the Company's current and future results of operations and financial prospects, and strategies for business development. The Company believes that new orders, net and backlog are useful to investors as supplemental metrics by which to measure the Company's current performance and prospective results of operations and financial performance.

Non-GAAP financial measures are not a substitute for GAAP financial results and should only be considered in conjunction with the Company's financial information that is presented in accordance with GAAP. Quantitative reconciliations of funding capacity to the non-GAAP financial measures are presented in this Item 7.

**ITEM 7A. *QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK***

This item is not applicable to a smaller reporting company.

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**ITEM 8. *FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA***

**Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of L.B. Foster Company

**Opinion on the Financial Statements** 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of L.B. Foster Company and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated March 5, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

**Basis for Opinion** 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

**Critical Audit Matter** 

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | ***Revenue recognition – contract estimates*** |
| *Description of the Matter* | As explained in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements, revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligations under a contract. The Company's performance obligations under long-term agreements with its customers are generally satisfied over time. Revenue under these long-term agreements is generally recognized over time using an input measure based upon the proportion of actual costs incurred to estimated total project costs, which the Company believes best depicts the Company's performance to date under the terms of the contract. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded $29.1 million of over time input method revenue within net sales on its consolidated statement of operations. Accounting for these long-term agreements involves the use of various techniques to estimate total revenues and costs. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that may span several years. These assumptions include, among other things, sub-contractor costs, material costs, and total collections from the customer. Significant changes in the above estimates could impact the timing and amount of revenue and profitability of the Company's long-term contracts. <br>Auditing these estimates requires auditor judgment because of the significant management judgment necessary to develop the estimated assumptions at completion due to the size and identified risks for each contract. |
| *How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit* | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of relevant internal controls over the Company's process relating to the determination of estimates for long-term projects. For example, we evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over management's review of the current status of long-term projects, accumulation of costs incurred, costs remaining to complete and total contract value.<br>To test the total estimates for long-term contracts, our audit procedures included, among others, obtaining an understanding of the contract, evaluating the consistency of estimated costs with the initial budget, and understanding margin changes throughout the life of the contract. We also performed a retrospective review of management's estimates for a sample of completed contracts by comparing initial estimates with the actual historical data to assess management's ability to estimate.  |

---

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 1990

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

March 5, 2026

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

**(In thousands, except share data)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| **ASSETS** | **ASSETS** | **ASSETS** |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $4348  | $2454  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable - net (Note 5) | 80551  | 64978  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Contract assets (Note 3) | 6395  | 16720  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories - net (Note 6) | 60219  | 70506  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other current assets | 5358  | 6947  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total current assets** | 156871  | 161605  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Property, plant, and equipment - net (Note 7) | 77183  | 75374  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease right-of-use assets - net (Note 8) | 28309  | 18480  |
| Other assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill (Note 4) | 33062  | 31907  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other intangibles - net (Note 4) | 11526  | 14801  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred tax assets (Note 13) | 20355  | 28900  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other assets | 3066  | 3483  |
| **TOTAL ASSETS** | $330372  | $334550  |
| **LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY** | **LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY** |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable  | $52519  | $50083  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue (Note 3) | 5900  | 10205  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued payroll and employee benefits | 11346  | 15393  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Current maturities of long-term debt (Note 9) | 153  | 167  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other accrued liabilities | 14003  | 12448  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total current liabilities** | 83921  | 88296  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term debt (Note 9) | 42603  | 46773  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred tax liabilities (Note 13) | 903  | 1150  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Long-term operating lease liabilities (Note 8) | 24266  | 14709  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other long-term liabilities | 2681  | 4608  |
| Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock, par value $0.01, authorized 20,000,000 shares; shares issued at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 11,115,779; shares outstanding at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 10,135,410 and 10,573,432, respectively (Note 10) | 111  | 111  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Paid-in capital | 44782  | 43550  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Retained earnings | 175124  | 167579  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Treasury stock - at cost, common stock, shares at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 980,369 and 542,347, respectively (Note 10) | (23852) | (11208) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Note 11) | (20889) | (21716) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total L.B. Foster Company stockholders' equity** | 175276  | 178316  |
| Noncontrolling interest | 722  | 698  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total stockholders' equity** | 175998  | 179014  |
| **TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY** | $330372  | $334550  |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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**L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS**

**(In thousands, except share data)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Sales of goods | $481392  | $462659  |
| Sales of services | 58617  | 68106  |
| Total net sales (Note 3) | 540009  | 530765  |
| Cost of goods sold | 370947  | 352556  |
| Cost of services sold | 55310  | 60147  |
| Total cost of sales | 426257  | 412703  |
| Gross profit | 113752  | 118062  |
| Selling and administrative expenses | 88556  | 96398  |
| (Gain) on sale of former joint venture facility | —  | (3477) |
| Amortization expense (Note 4) | 3311  | 4628  |
| Operating income | 21885  | 20513  |
| Interest expense - net | 4889  | 4992  |
| Other (income) expense - net (Note 17) | (420) | 1076  |
| Income before income taxes | 17416  | 14445  |
| Income tax expense (benefit) (Note 13) | 9997  | (28398) |
| Net income | 7419  | 42843  |
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | (126) | (103) |
| Net income attributable to L.B. Foster Company | $7545  | $42946  |
| Basic earnings per common share (Note 12) | $0.73  | $4.01  |
| Diluted earnings per common share (Note 12) | $0.69  | $3.89  |
| Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 10374  | 10721  |
| Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 10882  | 11048  |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME**

**(In thousands)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net income | $7419  | $42843  |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign currency translation adjustment | 2790  | (2887) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges, net of tax benefit of $99 and $203, respectively | (289) | (593) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pension and post-retirement benefit plans benefit, net of tax benefit $0 | (1524) | —  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Reclassification of pension liability adjustments to earnings, net of tax expense of $0 and $424, respectively\* | —  | 1014  |
| Total comprehensive income | 8396  | 40377  |
| Less comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest: |  |  |
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | (126) | (103) |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | 150  | 77  |
| Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interest | 24  | (26) |
| Comprehensive income attributable to L.B. Foster Company | $8372  | $40403  |

---

*\* Reclassifications out of Accumulated other comprehensive loss for pension obligations are reflected in Selling and administrative expense and pension settlement costs are reflected in Other (income) expense - net .*

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS**

**(In thousands)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| **CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:** |  |  |
| Net income | $7419  | $42843  |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred income taxes | 8369  | (29145) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 9143  | 9452  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization | 3311  | 4628  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventory and fixed asset impairments | 1445  | —  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equity (income) loss in nonconsolidated investment | (65) | 14  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on sales and disposals of property, plant, and equipment | —  | (4431) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 5056  | 3834  |
| Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | (14766) | (12262) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract assets | 11059  | 12433  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories | 9581  | 2376  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other current assets | 1768  | 924  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other noncurrent assets | 4747  | (3437) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | 2010  | 10399  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred revenue | (4479) | (2230) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued payroll and employee benefits | (4157) | (1469) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued settlement | —  | (8000) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other current liabilities | 1007  | (6703) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other liabilities | (5829) | 3406  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash provided by operating activities | 35619  | 22632  |
| **CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from the sale of property, plant, and equipment | 51  | 3895  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Capital expenditures on property, plant, and equipment | (10424) | (9791) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | —  | (416) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash used in investing activities | (10373) | (6312) |
| **CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayments of debt | (313545) | (230640) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from debt | 308005  | 222646  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Debt issuance costs | (706) | —  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Treasury stock acquisitions | (16511) | (8237) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred payment for Skratch acquisition | (782) | —  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash used in financing activities | (23539) | (16231) |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 187  | (195) |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 1894  | (106) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 2454  | 2560  |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $4348  | $2454  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net interest paid | $4924  | $4659  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income taxes paid | $1631  | $1628  |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY** 

**(In thousands, except share data)**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Common**<br>**Stock** | **Paid-in**<br>**Capital** | **Retained**<br>**Earnings** | **Treasury**<br>**Stock** | **Accumulated**<br>**Other Comprehensive**<br>**Loss** | **Noncontrolling**<br>**Interest** | **Total** |
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $111  | $43111  | $124633  | $(6494) | $(19250) | $724  | $142835  |
| Net income (loss) | —  | —  | 42946  | —  | —  | (103) | 42843  |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pension liability adjustment | —  | —  | —  | —  | 1014  | —  | 1014  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign currency translation adjustment | —  | —  | —  | —  | (2887) | 77  | (2810) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized derivative loss on cash flow hedges | —  | —  | —  | —  | (593) | —  | (593) |
| Purchase of 300,302 common shares for treasury | —  | —  | —  | (6808) | —  | —  | (6808) |
| Issuance of 139,799 common shares, net of shares withheld for taxes | —  | (3523) | —  | 2094  | —  | —  | (1429) |
| Stock-based compensation | —  | 3834  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 3834  |
| Investment of noncontrolling interest | —  | 128  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 128  |
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | 111  | 43550  | 167579  | (11208) | (21716) | 698  | 179014  |
| Net income (loss) | —  | —  | 7545  | —  | —  | (126) | 7419  |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pension asset adjustment | —  | —  | —  | —  | (1524) | —  | (1524) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign currency translation adjustment | —  | —  | —  | —  | 2640  | 150  | 2790  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized derivative loss on cash flow hedges | —  | —  | —  | —  | (289) | —  | (289) |
| Purchase of 582,389 common shares for treasury | —  | —  | —  | (14436) | —  | —  | (14436) |
| Issuance of 144,367 common shares, net of shares withheld for taxes | —  | (3824) | —  | 1792  | —  | —  | (2032) |
| Stock-based compensation | —  | 5056  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 5056  |
| Balance, December 31, 2025 | $111  | $44782  | $175124  | $(23852) | $(20889) | $722  | $175998  |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

**(Dollars in thousands, except share data unless otherwise noted)**

**Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies**

**<u>Organization, operations, and basis of consolidation</u>**

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of L.B. Foster Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, and partnerships in which a controlling interest is held. Inter-company transactions and accounts have been eliminated. The Company utilizes the equity method of accounting for companies where its ownership is less than or equal to 50% and significant influence exists.

L.B. Foster Company (together with its subsidiaries, the "Company") is a global technology solutions provider of engineered, manufactured products and services that builds and supports infrastructure. The Company's innovative engineering and product development solutions address the safety, reliability, and performance needs of its customers' most challenging requirements. The Company maintains locations in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. The Company is organized and operated in two reporting segments: Rail, Technologies, and Services ("Rail") and Infrastructure Solutions ("Infrastructure"). The Rail segment is comprised of several manufacturing and distribution businesses that provide a variety of products and services for freight and passenger railroads and industrial companies throughout the world. The Infrastructure segment is composed of ten operating facilities across the US providing engineered precast concrete solutions, as well as fabricated bridge, protective pipe coating, and pipe threading offerings across North America.

On August 30, 2023, the Company announced the discontinuation of its Bridge Products grid deck product line and completed its remaining customer obligations in 2025. The grid deck product line is reported in the Bridge Products division within the Infrastructure segment.

During 2025, the Company announced the discontinuation of the Automation and Materials Handling ("AMH") product line and substantially completed its remaining customer obligations in 2025. AMH was reported in the Technology Services and Solutions business unit within the Rail segment.

**<u>Use of estimates</u>**

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US generally accepted accounting principles ("US GAAP") requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and changes in these estimates are recorded when known.

**<u>Significant accounting policies</u>**

*<u>Cash and cash equivalents</u>*

The Company considers cash and other instruments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents. The Company invests available funds in a manner to preserve investment principal and maintain liquidity. Cash and cash equivalents held in non-domestic accounts were $4,029 and $1,882 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

*<u>Accounts Receivable</u>*

Trade receivables are carried at their estimated collectible amounts. Trade credit is generally extended on a short-term basis; thus trade receivables do not bear interest. Credit is extended based upon an evaluation of the customer's financial condition and, while collateral is not required, the Company periodically receives surety bonds that guarantee payment. Credit terms are consistent with industry standards and practices.

*<u>Allowance for credit losses</u>*

The Company established the allowance for credit losses by calculating the amount to reserve based on the age of a given trade receivable and considering historical collection patterns, bad debt expense experience, expected future trends of collections, current and expected market conditions, and any other relevant subjective adjustments as needed. Management maintains high-quality credit review practices and positive customer relationships that we believe mitigates credit risks. The Company's reserves are regularly reviewed and revised as necessary. Reserves for uncollectible accounts are recorded as part of "Selling and administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company has also established policies regarding allowance for credit losses associated with contract assets, which includes standalone reserve assessments for its long-term, complex contracts, as needed, as well as detailed regular review and updates to contract margins, progress, and value. A standard reserve threshold is applied to contract assets related to short-term, less complex

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contracts. Management also regularly reviews collection patterns and future expected collections and makes necessary revisions to allowance for credit losses related to contract assets.

*<u>Inventory</u>*

Inventory is valued at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. Slow-moving inventory is reviewed and adjusted regularly, based upon product knowledge, physical inventory observation, inventory turnover, and the age of the inventory. Inventory costs include materials, direct labor, manufacturing overhead, and other direct costs.

*<u>Property, plant, and equipment</u>*

Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of 10 to 40 years for buildings and 2 to 50 years for machinery and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over 3 to 19 years, which represent the lives of the respective leases or the lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Depreciation expense is recorded within "Cost of goods sold," "Cost of services sold," and "Selling and administrative expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations based upon the particular asset's use. The Company reviews a long-lived asset for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company recognizes an impairment loss if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value.

Maintenance, repairs, and minor renewals are charged to operations as incurred. Major renewals and betterments that substantially extend the useful life of the property are capitalized at cost. Upon the sale or other disposition of assets, the costs and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is reflected in "Cost of goods sold," "Cost of services sold," and "Selling and administrative expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations based upon the particular asset's use.

*<u>Goodwill and other intangible assets</u>*

Goodwill is the cost of an acquisition less the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquired business. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment or more often if there are indicators of impairment within a reporting unit. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment for which discrete financial information is available and reviewed by management on a regular basis. The goodwill impairment test involves comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. When evaluating for impairment the Company may first consider qualitative factors to assess whether there are indicators that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit may not exceed its carrying amount. If we do not perform a qualitative assessment, or if we determine that it is more like than not that the fair value of the reporting unit does not exceed its carrying value, we perform a quantitative assessment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss equal to the excess amount up to the goodwill balance is recorded as a component of operations. The Company's quantitative analysis uses a discounted cash flow method within the income approach to determine the fair values of the reporting units. The Company performs its annual impairment tests in the fourth quarter.

The Company's fourth quarter 2025 annual test included the assessment of a quantitative analysis to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The quantitative assessment considers fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The quantitative assessment primarily relied on the discounted cash flow method within the income approach to value the reporting units. Any impairment charges are based on both historic and future expected business results that no longer support the carrying value of the reporting unit. The Company also monitors the recoverability of the long-lived assets associated with certain reporting units of the Company and the long-term financial projections of the businesses to assess for asset impairment. No impairment was recorded during 2025.

The Company has no indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company reviews a long-lived intangible asset for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. All intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

*<u>Environmental remediation and compliance</u>*

Environmental remediation costs are accrued when a liability is probable and costs are estimable. Environmental compliance costs, which principally include the disposal of waste generated by routine operations, are expensed as incurred. Reserves are not reduced by potential claims for recovery and are not discounted. Claims for recovery are recognized as agreements are reached with third parties or as amounts are received. Reserves are periodically reviewed throughout the year and adjusted to reflect current remediation progress, prospective estimates of required activity, and other factors that may be relevant, including changes in technology or regulations.

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*<u>Revenue recognition</u>*

The Company's revenues are comprised of product and service sales, including products and services provided under long-term agreements with its customers. All revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligations under the respective contract, either implicit or explicit, by transferring the promised product or rendering a service to its customer either when or as its customer obtains control of the product or the service is rendered. Deferred revenue consists of customer billings or payments received for which the revenue recognition criteria have not yet been met as well as contract liabilities (billings in excess of costs) on over time contracts. Advance payments from customers typically relate to contracts for which the Company has significantly fulfilled its obligations, but due to the Company's continuing involvement with the project, revenue is precluded from being recognized until the performance obligation is met for the customer.

*<u>Product warranty</u>*

The Company maintains a current warranty liability for the repair or replacement of defective products. For certain manufactured products, an accrual is made on a monthly basis as a percentage of cost of sales based upon historical experience. For long-lived construction products, a warranty is established when the claim is known and quantifiable. The product warranty accrual is periodically adjusted based on the identification or resolution of known individual product warranty claims or due to changes in the Company's historical warranty experience. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the product warranty reserve was $652 and $602, respectively.

*<u>Income taxes</u>*

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred taxes are measured using enacted tax laws and rates expected to be in effect when such differences are recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred taxes is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of the change. The Company has also elected to record income taxes associated with global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") as period costs if and when incurred.

The Company makes judgments regarding the recognition of deferred tax assets and the future realization of these assets. As prescribed by the FASB's ASC 740, "Income Taxes" and applicable guidance, valuation allowances must be provided for those deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The guidance requires the Company to evaluate positive and negative evidence regarding the recoverability of deferred tax assets. The determination of whether the positive evidence outweighs the negative evidence and quantification of the valuation allowance requires the Company to make estimates and judgments of future financial results. The Company has concluded that for purposes of quantifying valuation allowances, it would be appropriate to consider the reversal of taxable temporary differences related to indefinite-lived intangible assets when assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets that upon reversal, would give rise to operating losses that do not expire.

The Company evaluates all tax positions taken on its federal, state, and foreign tax filings to determine if the position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination. For positions that meet the more likely than not to be sustained criteria, the largest amount of benefit to be realized upon ultimate settlement is determined on a cumulative probability basis. A previously recognized tax position is derecognized when it is subsequently determined that a tax position no longer meets the more likely than not threshold to be sustained. The evaluation of the sustainability of a tax position and the expected tax benefit is based on judgment, historical experience, and various other assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates upon subsequent resolution of identified matters. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in its provision for income taxes.

*<u>Foreign currency translation</u>*

The assets and liabilities of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency and are translated into US dollars at exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Income statement amounts are translated at the weighted-average rates of exchange during the year. The translation adjustment is accumulated as a separate component of "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in "Other income or expense."

*<u>Research and development</u>*

The Company expenses research and development costs as costs are incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, research and development expenses were $3,643 and $2,831, respectively, and were principally related to the Company's friction management and railroad monitoring system products within the Rail segment.

*<u>Recently issued accounting guidance</u>*

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In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 requires entities to disclose additional information with respect to the effective tax rate reconciliation and disaggregation of income tax expense and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The Company adopted this guidance for the year ended December 31, 2025 and applied to the guidance retrospectively to all periods presented in the financial statements. The expanded disclosures of the provision of ASU 2023-09 are included in Note 13. ASU 2023-09 affects only disclosures with no impacts to the Company's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) ("ASU 2024-03"), which requires entities to provide more detailed disaggregation of expenses in the income statement, focusing on the nature of the expenses rather than their function. The new disclosures will require public business entities to disclose in the notes to the financial statements, at each interim and annual reporting period, specific information about certain costs and expenses, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization included in each expense caption presented on the face of the income statement, and the total amount of an entity's selling expenses. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) ("ASU 2025-06"), which provides targeted improvements related to the accounting for costs incurred in the development of internal-use software. The amendment replaces the previous stage-based model with clearer guidance on capitalization thresholds and implementation costs. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

**Note 2. Business Segments**

The Company determines its operating segments based on how the Company's CODM, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, manages the businesses, including resource allocation and operating decisions. The Company is organized into two operating segments, which represent the individual businesses that are run separately within this operational structure.

Operating segments are evaluated on their segment operating income contribution to the Company's consolidated results. The Company considers the aggregation of operating segments into reporting segments based on the nature of offerings, nature of production services, the type or class of customer for products and services, methods used to distribute products and services, and economic and regulatory environment conditions.

The Company has two reportable segments: Rail and Infrastructure. The Company's segments represent components of the Company (a) that engage in activities from which revenue is generated and expenses are incurred, (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the CODM, who uses such information to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments, and (c) for which discrete financial information is available. The CODM uses segment operating income to determine resources to allocate to each segment (including personnel and financial resources) during the annual budgeting process. The CODM evaluates segment performance regularly by comparing the segment operating income to the budgeted measure.

The Company's Rail reporting segment consists of the Rail Products, Global Friction Management, and Technology Services and Solutions business units, which was evaluated based on the factors outlined above. The Rail reporting segment engineers, manufactures, and assembles friction management products and railway wayside data collection, application systems, railroad condition monitoring systems and equipment, wheel impact load detection systems, management systems, and provides services for these products. The Rail segment also provides a full line of new and used rail, trackwork, and accessories to railroads, mines, and other customers in the rail industry as well as designs and produces insulated rail joints, power rail, track fasteners, coverboards, and special accessories for mass transit and other rail systems. In addition, the Rail segment provides controls, displays, and telecommunication contract management solutions for the transit, control room, and customer information and display sectors to enhance safety, operational efficiency, and customer experience.

During year ended December 31, 2025, the Company announced the discontinuation of its Automation and Materials Handling product line ("AMH Exit") which was reported in the Technology Services and Solutions business unit within the Rail segment. The decision to exit was due to the Company's initiatives to scale back businesses in the United Kingdom. The Company completed all remaining customer obligations in 2025. This product line had net sales of $1,843 and $5,230 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company has incurred a total of $1,351 in exit costs associated with the AMH Exit, which included $615 in inventory write-offs, $40 in fixed asset write-offs, $507 in personnel expenses, and $189 in other exit costs. Exit costs of $1,085

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were recorded in "Cost of goods sold" and $266 were recorded in "Selling and administrative expenses" within our Rail segment. The Company does not expect to incur additional material exit costs.

The Company's Infrastructure segment consists of the Precast Concrete Products and Steel Products business units. The Precast Concrete Products business unit produces precast concrete buildings and a variety of specialty precast concrete products for use in several infrastructure end markets, including transportation, energy, and general infrastructure. The precast concrete buildings are primarily used as restrooms, concession stands, and protective storage buildings in national, state, and municipal parks, while other precast products include sound walls, bridge beams and other wet/dry utilities concrete products. The Company leased a facility in Lake County, Florida in 2024, which produced precast concrete wall systems as operations commenced in 2025. The Steel Products business unit also produces threaded pipe products for industrial water well and irrigation markets as well as pipe coatings for oil and gas markets. In addition, the segment produces fabricated bridge forms.

On August 30, 2023, the Company announced the discontinuation of its Bridge Products grid deck product line (the "Bridge Exit") which was reported in the Steel Products business unit within the Infrastructure segment. The decision to exit the bridge grid deck product line was a result of a weak bridge grid deck market condition and outlook due to customer adoption of newer technologies replacing the grid deck solution. The Company continues to operate its bridge forms product line which is a newer technology and not subject to the same challenging market conditions. The Bedford, PA based operations supporting the discontinued bridge grid deck product line completed substantially all customer obligations as of December 31, 2025. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the product line had $1,637 and $3,700 in sales, respectively. During 2024, the Company incurred an immaterial amount of exit costs, all of which were personnel expenses.

Segment operating income includes reportable segment gross profit and direct expenses such as salaries, benefits, restructuring, research and development, professional and purchased services expenditures, amortization expense, bad debt expense, and other segment expenses. Additionally, segment operating income includes allocated corporate operating expenses associated with central services such as quality, logistics, environmental health and safety, information technology, insurance, and human resources. Other corporate functional costs that are associated with the operating segments are also allocated to the segments such as finance, marketing, credit and collections, and treasury functions. Operating expenses related to corporate headquarter functions are allocated to each segment based on segment headcount, revenue contribution, or activity of the business units within the segments, based on the corporate activity type provided to the segment. Management believes the allocation of corporate operating expenses provides an accurate presentation of how the segments utilize corporate support activities. This provides the CODM meaningful segment profitability information to support operating decisions and the allocation of resources. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies found in Note 1.

Certain corporate costs are separately managed on a consolidated basis and are not allocated to the operating segments. These corporate costs include public company costs such as listing fees, audit fees, compliance costs, insurance costs, and Board of Directors fees. Additionally, certain corporate executive management costs, including costs of the corporate executive leadership team, and corporate management stock-based compensation expenses are not allocated to the operating segments. Finally, interest expense, income taxes, and certain other items included in other expense - net, which are managed on a consolidated basis, are not allocated to the operating segments.

The operating results of the Company's reportable segments were as follows as of and for the years ended December 31:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **2025** | **2025** | **2025** |
|  | **Rail, Technologies, and Services**  | **Infrastructure Solutions** | **Total** |
| Net sales | $305726  | $234283  | $540009  |
| Less: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of sales | (243396) | (182861) | (426257) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and administrative employment costs | (29301) | (23441) | (52742) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Purchased services<sup>(1)</sup> | (6679) | (5632) | (12311) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;General administrative costs<sup>(2)</sup> | (8628) | (5381) | (14009) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization expense | (2130) | (1181) | (3311) |
| Segment operating income | $15592  | $15787  | $31379  |
| *Reconciliation of segment operating income* |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total segment operating income |  |  | $31379  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense - net |  |  | (4889) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other income - net |  |  | 420  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Public company costs |  |  | (4395) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate executive management costs |  |  | (2130) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate management stock-based compensation |  |  | (2864) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other corporate expenses |  |  | (105) |
| Income before income taxes |  |  | $17416  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> *Purchased services costs generally include contractor services, insurance expenditures, rental expense, and legal services.*<sup>(2)</sup>*General administrative costs generally include office supplies, utilities, advertising, bad debt expense, and restructuring expenditures.*

Included in the Rail segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $2,184 in expenses related to restructuring in the UK business and $1,351 of AMH Exit costs.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  | **Rail, Technologies, and Services**  | **Infrastructure Solutions** | **Total** |
| Net sales | $326869  | $203896  | $530765  |
| Less:  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of sales  | (254400) | (158303) | (412703) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Selling and administrative employment costs | (32002) | (23868) | (55870) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Purchased services<sup>(1)</sup> | (7410) | (6336) | (13746) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;General administrative costs<sup>(2)</sup> | (7796) | (4735) | (12531) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization expense | (3349) | (1279) | (4628) |
| Segment operating income | $21912  | $9375  | $31287  |
| *Reconciliation of segment operating income*  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total segment operating income  |  |  | $31287  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on sales of former joint venture facility |  |  | 3477  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense - net |  |  | (4992) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other expense - net  |  |  | (1076) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Public company costs |  |  | (5755) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate executive management costs |  |  | (5726) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate management stock-based compensation |  |  | (2065) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other corporate expenses |  |  | (705) |
| Income before income taxes |  |  | $14445  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> *Purchased services costs generally include contractor services, insurance expenditures, rental expense, and legal services.*<sup>(2)</sup>*General administrative costs generally include office supplies, utilities, advertising, bad debt expense, and restructuring expenditures.*

Included in the Rail segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2024, was a $1,134 expense related to restructuring.

Included in the Infrastructure segment operating income for the year ended December 31, 2024 was gain on the sale of ancillary property within the Steel Products business unit for total consideration of $1,300 generating an $815 gain on sale recorded in "Cost of goods sold" and a $113 expense related to restructuring.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold a former joint venture facility located in Magnolia, Texas generating a $3,477 gain on sale recorded in "Gain on sale of former joint venture facility" which is included as a component of corporate operating income.

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Reconciliations of reportable segment assets, depreciation and amortization, and expenditures for long-lived assets to the Company's consolidated totals are as follows as of and for the years ended December 31:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **2025** | **2025** | **2025** |
| | **Segment Assets** | **Depreciation/Amortization** | **Expenditures for Long-Lived Assets** |
| Rail, Technologies, and Services | $155552  | $3651  | $1962  |
| Infrastructure Solutions  | 128489  | 6741  | 6665  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Reportable segment total | 284041  | 10392  | 8627  |
| Corporate  | 46331  | 2062  | 1797  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $330372  | $12454  | $10424  |

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  | **Segment Assets** | **Depreciation/Amortization** | **Expenditures for Long-Lived Assets** |
| Rail, Technologies, and Services | $158859  | $4793  | $2032  |
| Infrastructure Solutions  | 123755  | 7417  | 6366  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Reportable segments total | 282614  | 12210  | 8398  |
| Corporate | 51936  | 1870  | 1393  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $334550  | $14080  | $9791  |

---

For the year ended December 31, 2025, no single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's consolidated net sales. For the year ended December 31, 2024, net sales to one customer of the Rail segment represented approximately $71,800 of the Company's consolidated net sales. Sales between segments were immaterial and eliminated in consolidation.

The following table summarizes the Company's sales by major geographic region in which the Company had operations for the years ended December 31:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| United States | $481422  | $454694  |
| Canada | 19413  | 22088  |
| United Kingdom | 32429  | 44086  |
| Other | 6745  | 9897  |
| Total net sales | $540009  | $530765  |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

The following table summarizes the Company's long-lived assets by geographic region as of December 31:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| United States | $74179  | $72899  |
| Canada | 498  | 151  |
| United Kingdom | 1955  | 1765  |
| Other | 551  | 559  |
| Total property, plant, and equipment - net | $77183  | $75374  |

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The following table summarizes the Company's sales by major product and service line for the years ended December 31:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Rail Products | $188255  | $207696  |
| Global Friction Management | 78513  | 65984  |
| Technology Services and Solutions | 38958  | 53189  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Rail, Technologies, and Services | 305726  | 326869  |
| Precast Concrete Products | 163123  | 136043  |
| Steel Products | 71160  | 67853  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Infrastructure Solutions | 234283  | 203896  |
| Total net sales | $540009  | $530765  |

---

**Note 3. Revenue**

The Company's revenues are comprised of product and service sales, including products and services provided under long-term agreements with its customers. All revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligations under the contract, either implicit or explicit, by transferring the promised product or rendering a service to its customer either when its customer obtains control of the product or as the service is rendered. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or render a specific service to a customer. A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation. The majority of the Company's contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer products or render services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, not distinct. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or providing services. Revenue is recorded net of returns, allowances, and customer discounts. Sales, value added, and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net (excluded from revenues) basis. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of goods sold.

The Company's performance obligations under long-term agreements with its customers are generally satisfied over time. Over time revenue is primarily comprised of transit infrastructure and technology services and solutions projects within the Rail segment, precast concrete buildings within the Precast Concrete Products division in the Infrastructure segment, and long-term bridge projects and custom precision metering systems within the Steel Products division in the Infrastructure segment. Revenue under these long-term agreements is generally recognized over time, either using an input measure based upon the proportion of actual costs incurred to estimated total project costs or an input measure based upon actual labor costs as a percentage of estimated total labor costs, depending upon which measure the Company believes best depicts the Company's performance to date under the terms of the contract, or an output method, specifically units delivered, based upon certain customer acceptance and delivery requirements.

The Company records contract liabilities in "Deferred revenue" within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred revenue of $5,900 and $10,205 as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, consisted of customer billings or payments received for which the revenue recognition criteria had not yet been met as well as contract liabilities (billings in excess of costs) on over time revenue projects.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, revenue recognized over time was as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Percentage of Total Net Sales** <br>**Year Ended December 31,** | **Percentage of Total Net Sales** <br>**Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Over time input method | $29063  | $52706  | 5.4% | 10.0% |
| Over time output method | 99413  | 92548  | 18.4  | 17.4  |
| Total over time sales | $128476  | $145254  | 23.8% | 27.4% |

---

Accounting for these long-term agreements involves the use of various techniques to estimate total revenues and costs. The Company estimates profit on these long-term agreements as the difference between total estimated revenues and expected costs to complete a contract and recognizes that profit over the life of the contract. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that may span several years. These assumptions include, among other things, labor productivity, cost and availability of materials, and timing of funding by customers. The nature of these long-term agreements may give rise to several types of variable consideration, such as claims and awards. Contract estimates may include additional revenue for submitted contract

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modifications, including at times unapproved change orders, if there exists an enforceable right to the modification, the amount can be reasonably estimated, and its realization is probable. These estimates are based on historical collection experience, anticipated performance, and the Company's best judgment at that time. These amounts are generally included in the contract's transaction price and are allocated over the remaining performance obligations. As a result of management's reviews of contract-related estimates, the Company makes adjustments to contract estimates that impact our revenue and profit totals. Changes in estimates are primarily attributed to updated considerations, including economic conditions and historic contract patterns, resulting in changes to anticipated revenue from existing contracts. In the event that a contract loss becomes known, the entire amount of the estimated loss is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded reductions to net sales stemming from changes in actual and expected values of certain commercial contracts of $4,271 and $2,593, respectively.

The majority of the Company's revenue is from products transferred and services rendered to customers at a point in time, which is inherent in all major product and service categories. Point in time revenue accounted for 76.2% and 72.6% of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time in which the customer obtains control of the product or service, which is generally when product title passes to the customer upon shipment or the service has been rendered to the customer. In limited cases, title does not transfer upon shipment and revenue is not recognized until the customer has received the products at a designated physical location.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, net sales by the timing of the transfer of goods and services were as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 | **Rail, Technologies, and Services** | **Infrastructure Solutions**  | **Total** |
| Point in time | $264150  | $147383  | $411533  |
| Over time | 41576  | 86900  | 128476  |
| Total net sales | $305726  | $234283  | $540009  |
| Year Ended December 31, 2024 | **Rail, Technologies, and Services** | **Infrastructure Solutions**  | **Total** |
| Point in time | $263432  | $122079  | $385511  |
| Over time | 63437  | 81817  | 145254  |
| Total net sales | $326869  | $203896  | $530765  |

---

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed receivables, costs in excess of billings (contract assets), and billings in excess of costs (contract liabilities), included in deferred revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table sets forth the Company's contract assets:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Contract Assets** |
| Contract asset balance as of December 31, 2024 | $16720  |
| Revenue recognized but not yet billed | 3607  |
| Adjustments to contract assets | (4271) |
| Transfers from contract asset balance to accounts receivable  | (9661) |
| Contract asset balance as of December 31, 2025 | $6395  |

---

The following table sets forth the Company's contract liabilities:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Contract Liabilities** |
| Contract liability balance as of December 31, 2024 | $1991  |
| Revenue recognized from contract liabilities  | (1869) |
| Increase in billings in excess of costs, excluding revenue recognized | 852  |
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $974  |

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The Company has established policies regarding allowance for credit losses associated with contract assets, which includes standalone reserve assessments for its long-term, complex contracts as needed as well as detailed regular review and updates to contract margins, progress, and value. A standard reserve threshold is applied to contract assets related to short-term, less complex contracts. Management also regularly reviews collection patterns and future expected collections and makes necessary revisions to allowance for credit losses related to contract assets.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $189,338 of remaining performance obligations, which is also referred to as backlog. Approximately 6.7% of the backlog as of December 31, 2025 was related to projects that are anticipated to extend beyond December 31, 2026.

**Note 4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets**

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the following table represents the goodwill balance by reportable segment:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Rail, Technologies, and Services** | **Infrastructure Solutions** | **Total** |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024: | $20231  | $11676  | $31907  |
| Foreign currency translation impact | 1155  | —  | 1155  |
| Balance as of December 31, 2025: | $21386  | $11676  | $33062  |

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During the fourth quarter of 2025, the Company performed a quantitative test for impairment of goodwill due to weakened economic conditions and recent increases in the costs of certain materials, labor, and other pressures unfavorably impacting financial results. The Company determined the implied fair value of its reporting units by using assumptions we believe would be a reasonable market participant's view in a hypothetical purchase to develop the discounted cash flows of the respective reporting units. These assumptions include future cash flows, discount rates, and market participant assumptions. The results of the test indicated that all reporting units that maintain goodwill adequately exceeded their carrying value and were not subject to impairment. As a result of the procedures performed as outlined above, no impairments were recorded in 2025.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the components of the Company's intangible assets were as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** |
|  | **Weighted Average**<br>**Amortization**<br>**Period In Years** | **Gross**<br>**Carrying**<br>**Value** | **Accumulated**<br>**Amortization** | **Net**<br>**Carrying**<br>**Amount** |
| Patents | 10 | $324  | $(211) | $113  |
| Customer relationships | 12 | 28771 | (22331) | 6440 |
| Trademarks and trade names | 13 | 8055  | (5818) | 2237  |
| Technology | 7 | 32819  | (30224) | 2595  |
| Favorable lease | 6 | 327  | (186) | 141  |
|  |  | $70296  | $(58770) | $11526  |
|  | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** |
|  | **Weighted Average**<br>**Amortization**<br>**Period In Years** | **Gross**<br>**Carrying**<br>**Value** | **Accumulated**<br>**Amortization** | **Net**<br>**Carrying**<br>**Amount** |
| Patents | 10 | $308  | $(198) | $110  |
| Customer relationships | 13 | 28006  | (19958) | 8048  |
| Trademarks and trade names | 13 | 7974  | (5219) | 2755  |
| Technology | 9 | 32616  | (28923) | 3693  |
| Favorable lease | 6 | 327  | (132) | 195  |
|  |  | $69231  | $(54430) | $14801  |

---

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives ranging from 5 to 25 years, with a total weighted average amortization period of approximately 10 years. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $3,311 and $4,628, respectively.

Estimated annual amortization expense for the years ending December 31, 2026 and thereafter is as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Year Ending December 31,** |  |
| 2026 | $2396  |
| 2027 | 2098  |
| 2028 | 1526  |
| 2029 | 1127  |
| 2030 | 1122  |
| 2031 and thereafter | 3257  |
|  | $11526  |

---

**Note 5. Accounts Receivable**

Accounts receivable as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Accounts receivable | $82181  | $66105  |
| Allowance for credit losses | (1630) | (1127) |
| Accounts receivable - net | $80551  | $64978  |

---

Changes in reserves for uncollectible accounts are recorded as part of "Selling and administrative expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and were an expense of $649 and $365 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The changes in reserves for uncollectible accounts are net of recoveries of previous write-offs of $514 and $335 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company established the allowance for credit losses by calculating the amount to reserve based on the age of a given trade receivable and considering historical collection patterns, bad debt expense experience, expected future trends of collections, current and expected market conditions, and any other relevant subjective adjustments as needed. Management maintains high-quality credit review practices and positive customer relationships that we believe mitigates credit risks. The Company's reserves are regularly reviewed and revised as necessary.

The following table sets forth the Company's allowance for credit losses:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **Allowance for Credit Losses** |
| December 31, 2024 | $1127  |
| Additions to the current period provision | 1163  |
| Write-off against allowance | (146) |
| Recoveries of previous write-offs | (514) |
| December 31, 2025 | $1630  |

---

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**Note 6. Inventory**

Inventory is valued at average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. The Company's components of inventory as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized in the following table:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Finished goods | $29754  | $37238  |
| Work-in-process | 4947  | 6717  |
| Raw materials | 25518  | 26551  |
| Inventories - net | $60219  | $70506  |

---

**Note 7. Property, Plant, and Equipment**

Property, plant, and equipment as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Land | $5487  | $5864  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Improvements to land and leaseholds | 22822  | 19566  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Buildings | 32607  | 31703  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Machinery and equipment, including equipment under finance leases | 125470  | 117377  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Construction in progress | 3594  | 4415  |
| Gross property, plant, and equipment | 189980  | 178925  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization, including accumulated amortization of finance leases | (112797) | (103551) |
| Property, plant, and equipment - net | $77183  | $75374  |

---

Depreciation expense, including amortization of assets under finance leases, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 amounted to $9,143 and $9,452, respectively.

**Note 8. Leases**

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at its inception. Operating leases are included in "Operating lease right-of-use assets," "Other accrued liabilities," and "Long-term operating lease liabilities" within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance leases are included in "Property, plant, and equipment - net," "Current maturities of long-term debt," and "Long-term debt" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease right-of-use asset also includes indirect costs incurred and lease payments made prior to the commencement date, less any lease incentives received. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease and will be recognized when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components that it accounts for as a single lease component. Also, for certain equipment leases, the Company applies a portfolio approach to effectively account for the operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities.

The Company has operating and finance leases for manufacturing facilities, corporate offices, sales offices, vehicles, and certain equipment. As of December 31, 2025, its leases had remaining lease terms of 1 to 14 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 10 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year.

The balance sheet components of the leases were as follows as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

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---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| **Operating leases** | |  |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | $28309  | $18480  |
| Other accrued liabilities | $4385  | $3771  |
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 24266  | 14709  |
| Total operating lease liabilities | $28651  | $18480  |
| **Finance leases** |  |  |
| Property, plant, and equipment | $1941  | $1545  |
| Accumulated amortization | (1390) | (1072) |
| Property, plant, and equipment - net | $551  | $473  |
| Current maturities of long-term debt | $153  | $167  |
| Long-term debt | 409  | 306  |
| Total finance lease liabilities | $562  | $473  |

---

The components of lease expense within the Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Finance lease cost: |  |  |
| Amortization of finance leases | $150  | $160  |
| Interest on lease liabilities | 95  | 43  |
| Operating lease cost | 5346 | 3181  |
| Sublease income | (68) | (200) |
| Total lease cost | $5523  | $3184  |

---

The cash flow components of the leases were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Operating cash flows from operating leases | $(5014) | $(3746) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Financing cash flows from finance leases | (245) | (212) |
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Operating leases | 15082  | 6605  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Finance leases | 307  | —  |
| Termination of right-of use assets from operating leases  | (811) | —  |

---

The weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) and discount rate related to the operating leases were as follows for the periods presented:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Operating lease weighted-average remaining lease term | 8 | 6 |
| Operating lease weighted-average discount rate | 5.2% | 5.5% |
| Finance lease weighted-average remaining lease term | 4 | 4 |
| Finance lease weighted-average discount rate | 4.4% | 4.8% |

---

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

As of December 31, 2025, estimated annual maturities of lease liabilities for the year ending December 31, 2026 and thereafter were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Year Ending December 31,** | **Operating Leases** | **Finance Leases** |
| 2026 | $5672  | $194  |
| 2027 | 5139  | 139  |
| 2028 | 5349  | 135  |
| 2029 | 4952  | 132  |
| 2030 | 3042  | 71  |
| 2031 and thereafter | 11042  | —  |
|  | 35196  | 671  |
| Interest | (6545) | (109) |
| Total | $28651  | $562  |

---

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**Note 9. Long-Term Debt and Related Matters**

Long-term debt as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Revolving credit facility with an interest rate of 5.23% as of December 31, 2025 and 6.38% as of December 31, 2024 | $42194  | $46467  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Finance leases with a weighted average interest rate of 4.40% as of December 31, 2025 and 4.80% as of December 31, 2024 | 562  | 473  |
| Total debt | 42756  | 46940  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Less: current maturities | (153) | (167) |
| Long-term portion | $42603  | $46773  |

---

The expected maturities of long-term debt for December 31, 2026 and thereafter are as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Year Ending December 31,** |  |
| 2026 | $153  |
| 2027 | 115  |
| 2028 | 114  |
| 2029 | 115  |
| 2030 | 42259  |
| 2031 and thereafter | —  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total | $42756  |

---

**<u>Borrowings</u>**

On June 27, 2025, the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, and certain of its Canadian and United Kingdom subsidiaries (collectively, the "Borrowers"), entered into the Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., and Wells Fargo Bank N.A. as Co-Syndication Agents, and Dollar Bank, Federal Savings Bank as a participant. The Credit Agreement, as amended, modifies the prior amended revolving credit facility, which had a maximum credit line of $130,000 and extends the maturity date from August 13, 2026 to June 27, 2030. The Credit Agreement provides for a five-year, revolving credit facility that permits aggregate borrowings of the Borrowers up to $150,000 with sublimits for (a) the issuance of letters of credit in dollars and in alternative currencies in an amount not to exceed the dollar equivalent of $30,000, and (b) borrowings of swing loans in dollars in an amount not to exceed $20,000; and with an incremental loan feature not to exceed $60,000.

The Company's obligations under the Credit Agreement are secured by the grant of a security interest by the Borrowers in substantially all of the assets owned by such entities. Additionally, the equity interests in each of the loan parties, other than the Company, and the equity interests held by each loan party in their subsidiaries, have been pledged to the lenders as collateral for the lending obligations.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will bear interest at rates based upon either the base rate or Term SOFR rate plus applicable margins. Applicable margins are dictated by the ratio of the Company's total net indebtedness to the Company's Consolidated EBITDA for four trailing quarters, as defined in the Credit Agreement. The base rate is the highest of (a) the Overnight Bank Funding Rate plus 0.50%, (b) the Prime Rate, or (c) the Daily Simple SOFR rate plus 1.00% so long as the Daily Simple SOFR rate is offered, ascertainable and not unlawful (each as defined in the Credit Agreement). The base rate and Term SOFR rate spreads range from 0.25% to 1.50% and 1.25% to 2.50%, respectively.

The Credit Agreement includes two financial covenants: (a) Maximum Gross Leverage Ratio, defined as the Company's Consolidated Indebtedness divided by the Company's Consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the Credit Agreement, which must not exceed (i) 3.50 to 1.00 for all testing periods other than during an Acquisition Period, and (ii) 4.00 to 1.00 for all testing periods occurring during an Acquisition Period, and (b) Minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, defined as the Company's Consolidated EBITDA divided by the Company's Fixed Charges, which must be more than 1.10 to 1.00.

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As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company was in compliance with the covenants in the Credit Agreement, as amended. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had outstanding letters of credit of approximately $876 and $1,409, respectively, and had net available borrowing capacity of $106,930 and $82,124, respectively, subject to covenant restrictions.

To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on outstanding variable-rate debt, the Company amended and entered into forward-starting SOFR-based interest rate swaps, with notional values totaling $20,000 and $20,000, effective August 12, 2022 and August 31, 2022, respectively. The August 12, 2022 interest rate swap expired on March 1, 2025. The August 31, 2022 interest rate swap expires on August 13, 2026. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is based on market-observable forward interest rates and represents the estimated amount that the Company would pay to terminate the agreements. As such, the swap agreements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2025 the remaining interest rate swap was immaterial and as of December 31, 2024 the interest rate swap was $430 and was recorded in "Other current assets" within our Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized interest income of $372 and $1,306, respectively, from interest rate swaps.

**Note 10. Stockholders' Equity**

The Company had authorized shares of 20,000,000 in common stock with 11,115,779 shares issued as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The common stock has a par value of $0.01 per share and the Company did not make any dividend payments during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company withheld 79,721 and 59,577 shares for approximately $2,108 and $1,429, respectively, from employees to pay their withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards.

The Board of Directors previously authorized the repurchase of up to $15,000 of the Company's common shares until February 2025, pursuant to the terms of the previously disclosed stock repurchase program adopted March 3, 2023, as amended August 5, 2024. On March 3, 2025, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $40,000 of the Company's common stock in open market transactions and/or 10b5-1 trading plans through February 29, 2028. Repurchases of shares of the Company's common stock may be made from time to time in the open market or in such other manner as determined by the Company. The timing of the repurchases and the actual amount repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the market price of the Company's shares, general market and economic conditions, and other factors. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

In connection with the stock repurchase programs, 582,389 shares valued at $14,436 were repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2025 and 300,302 shares valued at $6,808 were repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2024.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** |
| | **Treasury** | **Outstanding** |
| | **(Number of Shares)** | **(Number of Shares)** |
| Balance at end of 2023 | 381844  | 10733935  |
| Issued for stock-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for taxes | (139799) | 139799  |
| Repurchased common stock | 300302  | (300302) |
| Balance at end of 2024 | 542347  | 10573432  |
| Issued for stock-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for taxes | (144367) | 144367  |
| Repurchased common stock | 582389  | (582389) |
| Balance at end of 2025 | 980369  | 10135410  |

---

**Note 11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss**

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, were as follows:

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Pension and post-retirement benefit plan adjustments | $(1431) | $93  |
| Unrealized income on interest rate swap contracts | 396  | 685  |
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | (19854) | (22494) |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | $(20889) | $(21716) |

---

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reclassified $1,174 of pension and post-retirement benefit plan adjustments from "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" to "Other expense - net" as a result of the termination of our frozen L.B. Foster Company Merged Retirement Plan, discussed further in Note 15. Foreign currency translation adjustments are generally not adjusted for income taxes as they relate to indefinite investments in non-US subsidiaries. See Note 13 for further information.

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**Note 12. Earnings Per Common Share**

*(Share amounts in thousands)*

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per common share: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income attributable to L.B. Foster Company | $7545  | $42946  |
| Denominator: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Weighted average shares outstanding | 10374  | 10721  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Denominator for basic earnings per common share | 10374  | 10721  |
| Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock compensation plans | 508  | 327  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dilutive potential common shares | 508  | 327  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions | 10882  | 11048  |
| Basic earnings per common share | $0.73  | $4.01  |
| Diluted earnings per common share | $0.69  | $3.89  |

---

**Note 13. Income Taxes**

Income before income taxes, as shown in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations, includes the following components for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Domestic | $32916  | $21200  |
| Foreign | (15500) | (6755) |
| Income before income taxes | $17416  | $14445  |

---

Significant components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Current: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal | $438  | $—  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;State | 199  | 2  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign | 991  | 745  |
| Total current | 1628  | 747  |
| Deferred: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal | 7188  | (21441) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;State | 1421  | (7691) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign | (240) | (13) |
| Total deferred | 8369  | (29145) |
| Total income tax (benefit) expense | $9997  | $(28398) |

---

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**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

The reconciliation of income tax computed at statutory rates to income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
|  | **Amount** | **Percent** | **Amount** | **Percent** |
| U.S. federal statutory tax rate | $3657  | 21.0% | $3033  | 21.0% |
| State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect\* | 1418  | 8.1  | (6022) | (41.7) |
| Foreign tax effects |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Canada |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal statutory tax rate difference between Canada and United States | (146) | (0.8) | (135) | (0.9) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Provincial income taxes | 264  | 1.5  | 231  | 1.6  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tax on unremitted earnings | 88  | 0.5  | 148  | 1.0  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other | (57) | (0.3) | (66) | (0.5) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;United Kingdom |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Federal statutory tax rate difference between United Kingdom and United States | (682) | (3.9) | (349) | (2.4) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in valuation allowances | 4443  | 25.5  | 2185  | 15.1  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Other | (21) | (0.1) | 33  | 0.2  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other foreign jurisdictions | 24  | 0.1  | 56  | 0.4  |
| Effect of cross-border tax laws | 47  | 0.3  | 1  | —  |
| Tax credits | (20) | (0.1) | (51) | (0.3) |
| Changes in valuation allowances | —  | —  | (27645) | (191.4) |
| Nontaxable or nondeductible items |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Nondeductible executive compensation | 942  | 5.4  | 400  | 2.8  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based payment awards | (351) | (2.0) | (446) | (3.1) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Meals and entertainment | 185  | 1.0  | 186  | 1.3  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 32  | 0.2  | 20  | 0.2  |
| Changes in unrecognized tax benefits | (175) | (1.0) | (66) | (0.5) |
| Other adjustments | 349  | 2.0  | 89  | 0.6  |
| Effective tax rate | $9997  | 57.4% | $(28398) | (196.6)% |

---

\* The states that contribute to the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category include Alabama, California, Idaho, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, New York City, Pennsylvania and Tennessee for 2025 and Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Tennessee for 2024.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was enacted in the United States. The OBBBA includes various tax provisions such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The impacts of the tax provisions included in the OBBBA are reflected in our results for the year ended December 31, 2025, and did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company will continue to monitor any developments and guidance related to the OBBBA.

Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds, for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| U.S. federal | $290  | $525  |
| U.S. state and local | 345  | 294  |
| Foreign: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Canada | 996  | 840  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other foreign | —  | (31) |
| Total foreign | 996  | 809  |
| Income taxes paid (net of refunds received) | $1631  | $1628  |

---

Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill and other intangibles | $679  | $1224  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred compensation | 3046  | 3885  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Contingent liabilities | 364  | 448  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net operating loss / tax credit carryforwards | 35070  | 35431  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories | 1451  | 1082  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Warranty reserve | 173  | 138  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | 384  | 265  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest deduction carryforward | —  | 1444  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Capitalized research expenditures | —  | 1882  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 334  | 453  |
| Total deferred tax assets | 41501  | 46252  |
| Less: valuation allowance | (12736) | (8223) |
| Net deferred tax assets | 28765  | 38029  |
| Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill and other intangibles | (1118) | (1472) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | (7677) | (7845) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Pension and post-retirement liability | (132) | (410) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized income on interest rate swap contracts | (10) | (110) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries | (155) | (195) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | (222) | (247) |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (9314) | (10279) |
| Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets | $19451  | $27750  |

---

A valuation allowance is required to be established or maintained when, based on currently available information and other factors, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company has considered all available evidence, both positive and negative, in assessing the need for a valuation allowance in each jurisdiction.

During 2024, the Company reversed $34,210 of its valuation allowance previously recorded against certain U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. The positive evidence considered in evaluating U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets included the Company's cumulative financial income position over the previous three years, as well as the composition and reversal patterns of existing taxable and deductible temporary differences between financial reporting and tax. Based on our evaluation, the Company believed it was appropriate to rely on forecasted future taxable income to support its U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets. The amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if negative evidence outweighs additional subjective evidence such as the Company's projections for growth.

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As of December 31, 2025, the Company had a federal Net Operating Loss ("NOL") carryforward of $76,546, which is limited to 80% of taxable income annually, but may be carried forward indefinitely. The Company also has federal research tax credit carryforwards in the amount of $724 that will expire at various times from 2040 through 2045. Based on information available as of December 31, 2025, the Company believes it is more likely than not that the tax benefits from the federal loss carryforwards and research tax credit carryforwards will be realized.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the tax benefit of NOL carryforwards available for state income tax purposes was $9,121 and $9,802, respectively. Many state NOL carryforwards will expire in various years through 2045, while some may be carried forward indefinitely. Based on information available as of December 31, 2025, the Company believes it is more likely than not that a portion of the tax benefit from state operating loss carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, the Company has provided a valuation allowance of $1,997 against deferred tax assets related to state operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2025.

As of December 31, 2025, the Company has NOL carryforwards in certain foreign jurisdictions of $42,976, which may be carried forward indefinitely. The foreign jurisdictions have incurred cumulative financial losses over the three-year period ended December 31, 2025. Based on information available as of December 31, 2025, the Company believes it is more likely than not that the tax benefit from these loss carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, it has provided a valuation allowance of $10,739, collectively, against deferred tax assets in foreign jurisdictions as of December 31, 2025.

The determination to record or not record a valuation allowance involves management's judgment, based on the consideration of positive and negative evidence available at the time of the assessment. Management will continue to assess the realization of its deferred tax assets based upon future evidence, and may record adjustments to valuation allowances against deferred tax assets in future periods, as appropriate, that could materially impact net income.

Each quarter, management reviews operations and liquidity needs in each jurisdiction to assess the Company's intent to reinvest foreign earnings outside of the United States. As of December 31, 2025, management determined that a portion of the Company's outside basis differences in its foreign subsidiaries would not be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States. The Company has accrued foreign withholding taxes of $155 related to $3,100 of outside basis differences in its foreign subsidiaries that are not indefinitely reinvested as of December 31, 2025. It is management's intent and practice to indefinitely reinvest all other undistributed earnings outside of the United States. Determination of the amount of any unrecognized deferred income tax liability associated with these undistributed earnings is not practicable because of the complexities of the hypothetical calculation.

The following table provides a reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of period: | $265  | $307  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Decreases based on tax positions for prior periods | (92) | (42) |
| Balance at end of period | $173  | $265  |

---

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate was $173 as of December 31, 2025. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in its provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits of $166 and $294, respectively. Ultimate realization of these tax benefits is dependent upon the occurrence of certain events, including the completion of audits by tax authorities and expiration of statutes of limitations.

The Company files income tax returns in the US and in various state, local, and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is subject to federal income tax examinations for the 2022 period and thereafter. With respect to the state, local, and foreign filings, certain entities of the Company are subject to income tax examinations for the 2021 period and thereafter.

**Note 14. Stock-based Compensation**

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock-based Compensation," to account for the Company's stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award and is recognized over the employees' requisite service period. Stock forfeitures and cancellations are recognized as they occur.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $5,056 and $3,834 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, unrecognized compensation expense for awards that the Company expects to vest

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approximated $4,657. The Company will recognize this unrecognized compensation expense over approximately 2.4 years through May 22, 2028.

Shares issued as a result of vested stock-based compensation generally will be from previously issued shares that have been reacquired by the Company and held as treasury stock or authorized but previously unissued common stock.

On May 22, 2025, the shareholders approved the new 2025 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (the "Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan"). As of December 31, 2025, the Company had stock awards issued pursuant to the Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan and its predecessor, the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the "Omnibus Plan"). The Omnibus Plan allowed for the issuance of 2,058,000 shares of common stock through the granting of stock options or stock awards (including performance units convertible into stock) to key employees and directors at no less than 100% of fair market value on the date of the grant. The Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan allows for the issuance of 785,000 shares of common stock through the granting of stock options or stock awards (including performance units and restricted stock units convertible into stock) to key employees and directors at no less than 100% of fair market value on the date of the grant. The total number of shares of common stock available for issuance, including shares that were forfeited, cancelled, expired, settled for cash, or unearned under the Omnibus Plan, were available for awards under the Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan as of its approval date. The Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan provide for the granting of "nonqualified options" with a duration of not more than ten years from the date of grant. The Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan also provides that, unless otherwise set forth in the option agreement, stock options are exercisable in installments of up to 25% annually beginning one year from the date of grant. No stock options have been granted under the Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan and, as such, there was no stock-based compensation expense related to stock options recorded in 2025 and 2024.

**<u>Non-Employee Director Fully-Vested and Restricted Stock Awards</u>**

Since May 2018, non-employee directors have been awarded shares of the Company's common stock on each date the non-employee directors were elected at the annual shareholders' meeting to serve as directors, subject to a one-year vesting requirement. The Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors permits non-employee directors of the Company to defer receipt of earned cash and/or stock compensation for service on the Board into deferred stock units. Non-Employee directors may elect to receive quarterly cash compensation in the form of fully-vested stock. During 2025, two Board members have elected to receive fully vested stock in lieu of cash compensation.

During 2025 and 2024, the non-employee directors were granted a total of 33,782 and 22,458 restricted shares, respectively. Compensation expense recorded by the Company related to such awards to non-employee directors was approximately $604 and $589 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During 2025, no deferred share units were allotted to the accounts of the non-employee directors pursuant to the Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors.

The weighted average fair value of all the restricted stock grants awarded was $18.65 and $27.45 per share for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

**<u>Restricted Stock and Performance-Based Stock and Share Units</u>**

Under the Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan, the Company grants certain employees restricted stock and performance-based stock and share units. The forfeitable restricted stock awards granted generally time-vest ratably over a three-year period, unless indicated otherwise by the underlying restricted stock award agreement. Performance unit awards are offered annually under separate three-year long-term incentive programs, unless indicated otherwise by the underlying performance unit award agreement. Performance units are subject to forfeiture and will be converted into common stock based upon the Company's performance relative to performance measures and conversion multiples as defined in the underlying program. If the Company's estimate of the number of performance stock awards expected to vest changes in a subsequent accounting period, cumulative compensation expense could increase or decrease. The change is recognized in the current period for the performance unit awards and would change future expense over the remaining service period.

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The following table summarizes the restricted stock award, deferred stock units, and performance unit award activity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Restricted**<br>**Stock** | **Deferred**<br>**Stock**<br>**Units** | **Performance**<br>**Stock**<br>**Units\*** | **Weighted Average**<br>**Aggregate Grant Date**<br>**Fair Value** |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 | 264970  | 12404  | 560338  | $14.10  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 90807  | —  | 86772  | 24.69  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vested | (148808) | (12404) | (29778) | 14.51  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net adjustment for incentive awards | —  | —  | (82374) | 17.46  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Canceled and forfeited | (3417) | —  | (437) | 14.43  |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 | 203552  | —  | 534521  | 16.31  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Granted | 118473  | —  | 127033  | 18.65  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Vested | (125594) | —  | (88641) | 17.50  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Canceled and forfeited | (5399) | —  | (48979) | 20.04  |
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2025 | 191032  | —  | 523934  | $16.56  |

---

*\*Includes stock units for which the performance obligation has been met and are only subject to time vesting requirements prior to distribution.*

Commencing in 2022, Performance Stock Units may be earned annually during each year of the three year program and converted into restricted stock units which settle in common stock at the end of each three year period. Performance Stock Units are adjusted to the Company's expected performance target attainment, while the weighted average aggregate grant date fair value in the above table is based upon achieving 100% of the performance targets as defined in the underlying plan.

In June 2022, the Company approved the Strategy Transformation Plan performance-based incentive stock award to incentivize key personnel for the strategic transformation of the Company. In February 2026, this program expired with no attainment.

In February 2021, the Company established a performance-based incentive stock award retention program to incentivize and retain key personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic by driving stock price. Under this five-year program, participants had the opportunity to earn up to 3,333 shares of Company common stock. The first 50% of the shares (1,666 shares) are earned based on achievement of a consecutive thirty (30) day average Nasdaq closing price of $25.00. The second 50% of the shares (1,666 shares) were earned based on achievement of a consecutive thirty (30) day average Nasdaq closing price of $30.00. The value of any shares awarded were determined using a Monte Carlo methodology for the projected payout. The program and opportunity to earn the shares expired on February 28, 2026 and all performance metrics were attained with the first installment paid in 2024 and the final installment paid in February 2026.

Excluding the restricted stock awards granted to non-employee directors, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $4,452 and $3,245, respectively, for the periods ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 related to restricted stock and performance unit awards.

**Note 15. Retirement Plans**

The Company has two defined contribution retirement plans that cover its hourly and salaried employees in the United States. Employees are eligible to participate in the appropriate plan based on employment classification. The Company's contributions to the defined contribution plans are governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA") and the Company's policy and investment guidelines applicable to each plan. The Company's policy is to contribute at least the minimum in accordance with the funding standards of ERISA. The Company maintains one defined contribution plan for its employees in Canada. In the United Kingdom, the Company maintains two defined contribution plans and a defined benefit plan, which is frozen. These plans are discussed in further detail below.

On May 23, 2024, the Company's Board of Directors approved the termination of the frozen L.B. Foster Company Merged Retirement Plan (the "US DB Plan") and the Portec Rail Products (UK) Limited Pension Scheme (the "UK DB Plan"). At such time, the Company notified all plan participants of the Company's intentions to terminate and fully settle the obligations. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company completed the termination of the US DB Plan and recorded $1,722 of pension settlement costs. In January 2025, the Company entered into an insurance buy-in contract with a third party insurer which resulted in an exchange of plan

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assets of the UK DB Plan for an annuity that covers our future projected benefit obligations. The Company expects the buy out of the UK DB Plan and transfer of future benefit obligations of plan participants to be completed in early 2026. The Company does not expect to make any further contributions to the UK DB Plan.

**<u>United Kingdom Defined Benefit Plan</u>**

The Company's UK DB Plan covers certain current employees, former employees, and retirees. The plan has been frozen to new entrants since April 1, 1997 and also covers the former employees of a merged plan after January 2002. Benefits under the plan were based on years of service and eligible compensation during defined periods of service. The Company's funding policy for the plan is to make minimum annual contributions required by applicable regulations. The UK DB Plan is fully funded as of December 31, 2025.

The funded status of the UK DB Plan as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Changes in benefit obligation: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $4704  | $5011  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest cost | 253  | 215  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Actuarial gain | (229) | (134) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Benefits paid | (493) | (322) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 336  | (66) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Benefit obligation at end of year | $4571  | $4704  |
| Change to plan assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fair value of assets at beginning of year | $6345  | $6399  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Actual (loss) gain on plan assets | (1181) | 137  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Employer contribution | —  | 214  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Benefits paid | (493) | (322) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Foreign currency exchange rate changes | 429  | (83) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fair value of assets at end of year | 5100  | 6345  |
| Funded status at end of year | $529  | $1641  |
| Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other assets | $529  | $1641  |
| Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss (gain) | $1479  | $(703) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Prior service cost | 45  | 46  |
| Total | $1524  | $(657) |

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Net periodic pension costs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Components of net periodic benefit cost: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest cost | $253  | $215  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Expected return on plan assets | (344) | (380) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of prior service cost | 25  | 24  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Recognized net actuarial loss | 43  | 33  |
| Net periodic pension cost | $(23) | $(108) |

---

The weighted average assumptions in the following table represent the rates used to develop the actuarial present value of the projected benefit obligation for the year listed and also the net periodic benefit cost for the following year.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Discount rate | 5.4% | 5.4% |
| Expected rate of return on plan assets | 5.3% | 5.3% |

---

The plan assets by category for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Asset Category |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $529  | $139  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Buy-in contract  | 4571  | —  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Bonds | —  | 6206  |
| Total | $5100  | $6345  |

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The Company determines the fair value of plan assets based on the price that would be received for an asset in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants. Fair value measurements reflect assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the valuation techniques and the inputs used. The fair value hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company's own assumptions of what market participants would use. The fair value hierarchy includes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as described below.

*Level 1:* Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

*Level 2:* Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

*Level 3:* Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

The classification of plan assets within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Cash equivalents: The Company uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of these investments in interest-bearing cash accounts and they are classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments.

Bonds: The Company uses valuation techniques that incorporate observable inputs including yield curves, reported trades, and broker-quoted prices and are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Buy-in contract: The Company values the buy-in contract on an insurer pricing basis, which reflects the purchase price adjusted for changes in discount rates and other actuarial assumptions, which approximates fair value and as a result is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

**<u>Defined Contribution Plans</u>**

The Company sponsors five defined contribution plans for hourly and salaried employees across its domestic and international facilities. The following table summarizes the expense associated with the contributions made to these plans.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| United States | $2947  | $2757  |
| Canada | 173  | 124  |
| United Kingdom | 1286  | 1165  |
|  | $4406  | $4046  |

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**Note 16. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities**

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The Company is subject to product warranty claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. For certain manufactured products, the Company maintains a product warranty accrual, which is adjusted on a monthly basis as a percentage of cost of sales. In addition, the product warranty accrual is adjusted periodically based on the identification or resolution of known individual product warranty claims.

The following table sets forth the Company's product warranty accrual:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **Warranty Liability** |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $602  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Additions to warranty liability | 667  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Warranty liability utilized | (617) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $652  |

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On March 13, 2019, the Company and its subsidiary, CXT Incorporated ("CXT"), entered into a Settlement Agreement (the "Settlement Agreement") with Union Pacific Railroad Company ("UPRR") to resolve the pending litigation in the matter of *Union Pacific Railroad Company v. L.B. Foster Company and CXT Incorporated*, Case No. CI 15-564, in the District Court for Douglas County, Nebraska. Under the Settlement Agreement, the Company and CXT agreed to pay UPRR the aggregate amount of $50,000 without pre-judgment interest, which began with a $2,000 immediate payment, and with the remaining $48,000 paid in installments over a six-year period commencing on the effective date of the Settlement Agreement through December 2024 pursuant to a Promissory Note. The UPRR Settlement Agreement was fully paid in 2024.

**<u>Other Legal Matters</u>**

The Company is also subject to other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Legal actions are subject to inherent uncertainties, and future events could change management's assessment of the probability or estimated amount of potential losses from pending or threatened legal actions. Based on available information, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate resolution of pending or threatened legal actions, both individually and in the aggregate, will not result in losses having a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or liquidity as of December 31, 2025.

If management believes that, based on available information, it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss (or additional material loss in excess of any accrual) will be incurred in connection with any legal actions, the Company discloses an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, either individually or in the aggregate, as appropriate, if such an estimate can be made, or discloses that an estimate cannot be made. Based on the Company's assessment as of December 31, 2025, no such disclosures were considered necessary.

**<u>Environmental Matters</u>**

The Company is subject to national, state, foreign, provincial, and/or local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The Company's efforts to comply with environmental regulations may have an adverse effect on its future earnings.

On June 5, 2017, a General Notice Letter was received from the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") indicating that the Company may be a potentially responsible party ("PRP") regarding the Portland Harbor Superfund Site cleanup along with numerous other companies. More than 140 other companies received such a notice. The Company and a predecessor owned and operated a facility near the harbor site for a period prior to 1982. The net present value and undiscounted costs of the selected remedy throughout the harbor site are estimated by the EPA to be approximately $1.1 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively, and the remedial work is expected to take as long as 13 years to complete. Other estimates indicate that these costs may increase given that the remedy will not be initiated or completed for several years. The Company is reviewing the basis for its identification by the EPA and the nature of the historic operations of a Company predecessor near the site. Additionally, the Company executed a PRP agreement which provides for a private allocation process among almost 100 PRPs in a working group whose work is ongoing and involves a process that will ultimately conclude a proposed allocation of liability for cleanup of the site and various sub-areas. The Company does not have any individual risk sharing agreements in place with respect to the site, and was only associated with the site from 1976 to when it purchased the stock of a company whose assets it sold in 1982 and which was dissolved in 1994. On March 26, 2020, the EPA issued a Unilateral Administrative Order to two parties requiring them to perform remedial design work for that portion of the Harbor Superfund Site that includes the area closest to the facility; the Company was not a recipient of this Unilateral Administrative Order. On December 2, 2024, the Company and many other PRPs received a Special Notice Letter ("SNL") from the EPA regarding a formal initiation of negotiations for the investigation and cleanup of the Portland Harbor Superfund Site and requesting a "good faith offer" from certain PRPs as to remediation and reimbursement of costs within 120 days, which, if accepted, would lead to a formal Consent Decree which may not be entered under the EPA's proposed schedule until fall of 2026 or by March 2027. The deadline for a response was extended to May 30, 2025, and the Company responded, along with other similarly-situated parties, in a timely manner. The Company cannot predict the ultimate impact of these proceedings and the SNLs because of the large number of PRPs involved

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throughout the harbor site, the size and extent of the site, the degree of contamination of various wastes, varying environmental impacts throughout the harbor site, the scarcity of data related to the facility once operated by the Company and a predecessor, potential comparative liability between the allocation parties and regarding non-participants, and the speculative nature of the remediation costs. Based upon information currently available, management does not believe that the Company's alleged PRP status regarding the Portland Harbor Superfund Site or other compliance with the present environmental protection laws will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, competitive position, or capital expenditures of the Company. As more information develops and the allocation process is completed, and given the resolution of factors like those described above, an unfavorable resolution could have a material adverse effect.

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company maintained environmental reserves approximating $1,495 and $1,796, respectively. The following table sets forth the Company's undiscounted environmental obligation:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **Environmental Liability** |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $1796  |
| Additions to environmental obligations | —  |
| Environmental reserve adjustment | (255) |
| Environmental obligations utilized | (46) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $1495  |

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During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company made an adjustment to reduce its environmental obligation by $255. This adjustment was recorded to reflect the Company's current expectations of probable environmental remediation costs based on remediation progress, prospective estimates of required activity, and historical analysis.

**Note 17. Other (Income) Expense - Net**

The following table summarizes the Company's other (income) expense - net for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Pension termination costs (a) | $—  | $1722  |
| Foreign currency losses (gains) | 211  | (154) |
| (Gain) loss on joint venture | (65) | 14  |
| Other income | (566) | (506) |
| Other (income) expense - net | $(420) | $1076  |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company terminated its US DB Plan generating pension settlement costs.

**Note 18. Restructuring Costs** 

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company announced a restructuring program aligned with its strategy to reduce costs within the UK-based Technology Services and Solutions businesses within the Rail segment. The restructuring action has been completed as of December 31, 2025. The Company has incurred a total of $2,184 in restructuring and other costs associated with this program, which includes $695 in inventory write-offs, $95 in fixed asset write-offs, $524 in personnel expenses, $717 in lease termination costs, and $153 in other costs. Costs of $780 were recorded in "Cost of services sold", $173 were recorded in "Cost of goods sold", and $1,231 were recorded in "Selling and administrative expenses" within our Rail segment. The Company does not expect to incur additional material costs associated with this program.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company announced the AMH Exit which was reported in the Technology Services and Solutions business unit within the Rail segment. The decision to exit was due to the Company's initiatives to scale back businesses in the United Kingdom. The Company completed the remaining customer obligations in 2025. The Company incurred a total of $1,351 in exit costs associated with the AMH Exit, which included $615 in inventory write-offs, $40 in fixed asset write-offs, $507 in personnel expenses, and $189 in other exit costs. Exit costs of $1,085 were recorded in "Cost of goods sold" and $266 were recorded in "Selling and administrative expenses" within our Rail segment. The Company does not expect to incur additional material costs associated with this exit.

In August 2024, the Company announced an enterprise restructuring program aligned with its strategy to reduce costs and enable investment in its growth platforms. The restructuring action has been completed as of December 31, 2024. For the year ended

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December 31, 2024, the Company incurred $1,456 of restructuring expense, related primarily to severance costs. Of the total restructuring costs, $245 was recorded in "Cost of goods sold" and $1,211 was recorded in "Selling and administrative expense." By business segment, the Company incurred $1,134 of restructuring costs in Rail, $113 in Infrastructure, and $209 in Corporate. As of December 31, 2024, the Company's restructuring liability for this program was $687, all of which has been paid out as of December 31, 2025.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of the beginning and ending restructuring liability balance for all programs through December 31, 2025:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **Restructuring Liability**  |
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $687  |
| Personnel, lease termination, and other exit costs  | 2090  |
| Cash paid  | (1931) |
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $846  |

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**ITEM 9. *CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE***

None.

**ITEM 9A. *CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES***

**Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

L.B. Foster Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of December 31, 2025, the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, or person performing such functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

**Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting** 

The management of L.B. Foster Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). L.B. Foster Company's internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company's management and Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with US GAAP. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Accordingly, even effective controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025. In making this assessment, management used criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025.

**Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting**

There were no changes to our "internal control over financial reporting" (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2025, and that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

**Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures**

In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

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**Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of L.B. Foster Company

**Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting** 

We have audited L.B. Foster Company and subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, L.B. Foster Company and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) and our report dated March 5, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

**Basis for Opinion**

The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

**Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting**

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

March 5, 2026

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**ITEM 9B. *OTHER INFORMATION***

**<u>Trading Arrangements</u>**

None of the Company's directors or "officers," as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), adopted, modified, or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or a "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K, during the Company's fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2025.

**ITEM 9C. *DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS***

N/A

**PART III**

**ITEM 10. *DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE***

The information required by this Item regarding the directors of the Company is incorporated herein by reference to the information included in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement") under the caption "Election of Directors."

The information required by this Item regarding the executive officers of the Company is set forth in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption "Information about our Executive Officers" and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated herein by reference to the information included in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Section 16(a) Reporting Compliance," if applicable.

The information required by this Item regarding our Code of Ethics is set forth in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the caption "Code of Ethics" and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item regarding our insider trading policy is incorporated herein by reference to the information included in the Proxy Statement under the captions "Insider Trading Policy" and "Anti-Hedging and Anti-Pledging Policy."

The information required by this Item regarding our nomination and governance committee, audit committee and the audit committee financial expert(s) is incorporated herein by reference to the information included in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Corporate Governance - Board Committees."

**ITEM 11. *EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION***

The information required by this Item regarding executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to the information included in the Proxy Statement under the captions "Director Compensation - 2025," "Executive Compensation," "Summary Compensation Table (2025, 2024, and 2023)," "Grants of Plan-Based Awards in 2025," "Outstanding Equity Awards At 2025 Fiscal Year-End," "2025 Options Exercises and Stock Vested," "2025 Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation," "Change-In-Control," "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation," and "Compensation Committee Report."

**ITEM 12. *SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS***

**Equity Compensation Plans**

Under the Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan approved by shareholders on May 22, 2025, at each annual meeting of shareholders, where non-employee directors were elected or reelected, as part of their compensation, the non-employee members of the Board of Directors (the "Board") have received annual awards of forfeitable restricted shares subject to a one-year vesting requirement from the date of the grant. During 2025, pursuant to the Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan, the Company issued approximately 22,000 shares of the Company's common stock for the annual non-employee director equity awards, which shares vest on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant. Commencing in 2020 and ending in December 2021, in addition to the annual restricted stock award, those non-employee directors serving on the Board Strategy Committee were awarded restricted shares on an annual basis subject to a one-year vesting requirement from the date of grant until that committee was disbanded in 2021. During 2025, two non-employee directors have elected to receive fully vested stock in lieu of cash compensation. Through December 31, 2025, there were approximately 355,000 and 22,000 fully vested shares issued under the Omnibus Plan and Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan, respectively, to all non-employee directors who were serving at the time of grant or on the date of vesting of the underlying award. In 2025, the Nomination and Governance Committee and Board of Directors jointly approved the Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors, as amended and restated, which permits non-employee directors of the Company to defer receipt of earned cash and/or stock compensation for service on the Board. As of December 31, 2025, no deferred share units were allotted to the accounts of non-employee directors pursuant to the Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors.

The Company grants eligible employees restricted stock and performance unit awards under the Omnibus Plan and Equity and Incentive Compensation Plans. The forfeitable restricted stock awards generally time-vest ratably over a three-year period, unless indicated otherwise in the underlying restricted stock award agreement. Performance unit awards are offered annually under separate

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three-year long-term incentive programs. Performance units are subject to forfeiture and will be converted into common stock of the Company based upon the Company's performance relative to performance measures and conversion multiples as defined in the underlying program. Commencing in 2022, performance units may be earned annually and converted into performance restricted stock units which settle in common stock at the end of the three year program.

Since 2017, the Company has withheld shares of restricted stock for satisfaction of tax withholding obligations. During 2025 and 2024, the Company withheld 79,721 and 59,577 shares, respectively, for this purpose. The values of the shares withheld were $2,108 and $1,429 in 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The information required by this Item with respect to the tabular disclosure under Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K is incorporated herein by reference to the information included in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans."

The information required by this Item regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company is incorporated herein by reference to the information included in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Stock Ownership."

**ITEM 13. *CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE***

The information required by this Item regarding transactions with related persons is incorporated herein by reference to the information included in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Corporate Governance - Transactions With Related Parties."

The information required by this Item regarding director independence is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Corporate Governance - The Board, Board Meetings, Independence, and Tenure."

**ITEM 14. *PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES***

The information required by this Item regarding principal accountant fees and services is incorporated herein by reference to information included in the Proxy Statement under the caption "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees."

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**PART IV**

**ITEM 15. *EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES***

The following documents are filed as a part of this Report:

(a)(1).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Financial Statements*

The following Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 42), consolidated financial statements, and accompanying notes are included in Item 8 of this Report:

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(a)(2).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Financial Statement Schedule*

Schedules for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.

The remaining schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions upon which they are required.

(a)(3).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *Exhibits*

The Index to Exhibits immediately following Part IV, Item 16, Form 10-K Summary, filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated by reference herein.

**L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES**

**SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS**

**FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Balance at Beginning of Year** | **Additions Charged to Costs and Expenses** | **Other adjustments**<sup>(1)</sup> | **Balance at End of Year** |
| **Allowance for credit losses** | | | | |
| For the year ended December 31, |  |  |  |  |
| 2025 | $1127  | $1163  | $(660) | $1630  |
| 2024 | $809  | $700  | $(382) | $1127  |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Notes and accounts receivable written off as uncollectible or allowance reversed.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Balance at Beginning of Year** | **Additions Charged to Costs and Expenses** | **Other adjustments**<sup>(1)</sup> | **Balance at End of Year** |
| **Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets** | | | | |
| For the year ended December 31, |  |  |  |  |
| 2025 | $8223  | $4328  | $185  | $12736  |
| 2024 | $40125  | $(31937) | $35  | $8223  |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Primarily consists of adjustments related to foreign currency translation.

**ITEM 16. *FORM 10-K SUMMARY***

We may voluntarily include a summary of information required by the Annual Report on Form 10-K under this Item 16. We have elected not to include such summary information.

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<u>INDEX TO EXHIBITS</u>

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **<u>Exhibit Number</u>** | **<u>Description</u>** |
| 3.1 | <u>[Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2003, File No. 0-10436, filed on May 13, 2003.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282503000006/ex31.txt)</u> |
| 3.2 | <u>[Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023, File No. 0-10436, filed on August 8, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282523000095/ex-31q22023.htm)</u> |
| \*4.1 | <u>[Description of Capital Stock of L.B. Foster Company.](a202510kex-41.htm)</u> |
| 10.1 | <u>[Second Amendment dated January 29, 2021 to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated April 30, 2019 between Registrant and PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Citizens Bank, N.A., and BMO Harris Bank, National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 0-10436, filed on February 4, 2021.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282521000003/ex-103242021.htm)</u> |
| 10.2 | <u>[Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated August 13, 2021, between Registrant and PNC Bank, Citizens Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, N.A., and BMO Harris Bank, National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 0-10436, filed on August 16, 2021.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000352825/000035282521000054/ex-10182021creditfacility.htm)</u> |
| 10.3 | <u>[Second Amendment dated August 12, 2022 to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated August 13, 2021, between Registrant and PNC Bank, Citizens Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America, N.A., and BMO Harris Bank, National Association is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A, File No. 0-10436, filed on August 18, 2022.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282522000046/ex-102vhc82022.htm)</u> |
| 10.4 | <u>[Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated June 27, 2025, between Registrant and PNC Bank, Bank of America, N.A., Citizens Bank, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and Dollar Bank, N.A. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 0-10436, filed by the Company on June 27, 2025).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282525000108/ex-101062025creditfacility.htm)</u> |
| 10.5 \*\* | <u>[2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended and restated on May 25, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 0-10436, filed on May 27, 2016.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000119312516606254/d200569dex991.htm)</u> |
| 10.6 \*\* | <u>[Amended Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (for grants made on or after December 23, 2011), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, File No. 0-10436, filed on December 21, 2011.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282511000038/exh102.htm)</u> |
| 10.7 \*\* | <u>[Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012, File No. 0-10436, filed on August 9, 2012.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282512000025/exh101.htm)</u> |
| 10.8 \*\* | <u>[Leased Vehicle Plan as amended and restated on September 1, 2007, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.46 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, File No. 0-10436, filed on March 16, 2011.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282511000008/exh1046.htm)</u> |
| 10.9\*\* | <u>[Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (as Amended and Restated), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, File no. 0-10436, filed on May 2, 2018.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282518000015/ex-107q12018.htm)</u> |
| 10.10 \*\* | <u>[Amended and Restated 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan, effective as of May 24, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, File no. 0-10436, filed on July 31, 2018.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282518000034/ex-101q22018.htm)</u> |
| 10.11\*\* | <u>[2021 Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, File no. 0-10436, filed on May 5, 2021.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282521000021/ex-101q12021.htm)</u> |
| 10.12 \*\* | <u>[Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (2021), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, File no. 0-10436, filed on May 5, 2021.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282521000021/ex-102q12021.htm)</u> |
| 10.13 \*\* | <u>[Long Term Incentive Performance Share Unit Program (2021-2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, File no. 0-10436, filed on May 5, 2021.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282521000021/ex-103q12021.htm)</u> |
| 10.14 \*\* | <u>[Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (2021-2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, File no. 0-10436, filed on May 5, 2021.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282521000021/ex-104q12021.htm)</u> |
| 10.15 \*\* | <u>[Performance-Based Stock Award Retention Program (2021-2026), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, File no. 0-10436, filed on May 5, 2021.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282521000021/ex-105q12021.htm)</u> |

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|:---|:---|
| 10.16 \*\* | <u>[Amended and Restated Key Employee Separation Plan (February 17, 2021), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, File no. 0-10436, filed on May 5, 2021.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282521000021/ex-106q12021.htm)</u> |
| 10.17 \*\* | <u>[2022 Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, File no. 0-10436, filed on May 10, 2022.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282522000014/ex-101q12022.htm)</u> |
| 10.18 \*\* | <u>[Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (2022), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, File no. 0-10436, filed on May 10, 2022.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282522000014/ex-102q12022.htm)</u> |
| 10.19 \*\* | <u>[Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement (2022-2024), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, File no. 0-10436, filed on May 10, 2022.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282522000014/ex-103q12022.htm)</u> |
| 10.20 \*\* | <u>[Strategy Transformation Plan Description and Award (2022-2025), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, File no. 0-10436, filed on August 9, 2022.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282522000039/ex-102q22022.htm)</u> |
| 10.21 \*\* | <u>[2022 Director Restricted Stock Award, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, File no. 0-10436, filed on August 9, 2022.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282522000039/ex-101q22022.htm)</u> |
| 10.22 \*\* | <u>[Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors Under the 2022 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, File no. 0-10436, filed on March 10, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282523000034/a202210kex-1027.htm)</u> |
| 10.23 \*\* | <u>[2023 Executive Annual Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, File no. 000-10436, filed on May 10, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282523000057/ex-101q12023.htm)</u> |
| 10.24 \*\* | <u>[Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, File no. 000-10436, filed on May 10, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282523000057/ex-102q12023.htm)</u> |
| 10.25 \*\* | <u>[Form of Performance Share Unit Award Agreement and Long Term Incentive Performance Share Unit Program (2023-2025), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, File no. 000-10436, filed on May 10, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282523000057/ex-103q12023.htm)</u> |
| 10.26 \*\* | <u>[Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (As Amended and Restated October 24, 2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, File no. 000-10436, filed on November 7, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282523000109/ex-101q32023.htm)</u> |
| 10.27 \*\* | <u>[Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (As Amended and Restated October 24, 2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, File no. 000-10436, filed on November 7, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282523000109/ex-102q32023.htm)</u> |
| 10.28 \*\* | <u>[Key Employee Separation Plan (As Amended and Restated October 24, 2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, File no. 000-10436, filed on November 7, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282523000109/ex-103q32023.htm)</u> |
| 10.29\*\* | <u>[2023 Executive Annual Incentive Plan (October 24, 2023), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, File no. 000-10436, filed on November 7, 2023.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282523000109/ex-106q32023.htm)</u> |
| 10.30\*\* | <u>[Cooperation Agreement, effective as of January 25, 2024, between L.B. Foster Company and certain Investors specified therein, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, File no. 000-10436, filed on January 26, 2024.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282524000010/ex-101012024.htm)</u> |
| 10.31\*\* | <u>[2024 Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, File No. 000-10436, filed on March 7, 2025.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282525000055/a202410-kexx1030.htm)</u> |
| 10.32\*\* | <u>[Retirement Agreement and General Release, dated June 30, 2024, between L.B. Foster Company, a Pennsylvania corporation, and William F. Treacy, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, File no. 000-10436, filed on November 4, 2024.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282524000210/ex-101q2a2024.htm)</u> |
| 10.33\*\* | <u>[2022 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (As Amended and Restated May 23, 2024), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8, File no. 333-279648, filed on May 23, 2024.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000119312524145605/d839958dex991.htm)</u> |
| 10.34\*\* | <u>[2025 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed by the Company on May 22, 2025, File Number 333-287501).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000119312525124630/d921462dex991.htm)</u> |

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| 10.35\*\* | <u>[Form of 2025 Director Restricted Stock Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, File No. 0-10436, filed on August 11, 2025.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282525000116/ex-103q22025.htm)</u> |
| 10.36\*\* | <u>[Form of 2025 Long Term Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, File No. 0-10436, filed on August 11, 2025.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282525000116/ex-104q22025.htm)</u> |
| 10.37\*\* | <u>[Form of 2025 Performance Share Unit Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, File No. 0-10436, filed on August 11, 2025.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/352825/000035282525000116/ex-105q22025.htm)</u> |
| \*10.38\*\* | <u>[Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors Under the 2025 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (effective December 1, 2025)](a202510-kexx1038.htm)</u> |
| \*10.39\*\* | <u>[Retirement Agreement and General Release, dated December 31, 2025, between L.B. Foster Company, a Pennsylvania corporation, and Brian H. Kelly](a202510-kexx1039.htm)</u> |
| \*19.1 | <u>[Insider Trading Policy of L.B. Foster Company](a202510-kexx191.htm)</u> |
| \*21 | <u>[List of Subsidiaries.](a202510kex-21.htm)</u> |
| \*23 | <u>[Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.](a202510kex-23.htm)</u> |
| \*31.1 | <u>[Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](a202510kex-311.htm)</u> |
| \*31.2 | <u>[Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](a202510kex-312.htm)</u> |
| \*32.0 | <u>[Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](a202510kex-320.htm)</u> |
| \*97 | <u>[Amended and Restated Executive Recoupment Policy.](a202510kex-97.htm)</u> |
| \*101.INS | XBRL Instance Document. |
| \*101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |
| \*101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |
| \*101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |
| \*101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |
| \*101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |
| \*104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
| \* | Exhibits are filed herewith. |
| \*\* | Exhibit represents a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement required to be filed as Exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
|  | Schedules and exhibits omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The registrant will furnish a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit as a supplement to the SEC or its staff upon request. |

---

------

**<u>[**Table of Contents**](#i60a6f646de624afb8fac75509ded9bca_7)</u>**

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | | **<u>L.B. FOSTER COMPANY</u>** |
| |  | | (Registrant) |
| Date: | **<u>March 5, 2026</u>** | **By:** | **<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/ John F. Kasel</u>** |
|  |  |  | (John F. Kasel, |
|  |  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer) |

---

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Name** | **Position** | **Date** |
| By: | <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Raymond T. Betler</u> | Chairman of the Board and Director | March 5, 2026 |
|  | (Raymond T. Betler) |  |  |
| By: | <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;John F. Kasel</u> | President, Chief Executive Officer, | March 5, 2026 |
|  | (John F. Kasel) | and Director |  |
| By: | <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;John E. Kunz</u> | Director | March 5, 2026 |
|  | (John E. Kunz) |  |  |
| By: | <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;David J. Meyer</u> | Director | March 5, 2026 |
|  | (David J. Meyer) |  |  |
| By: | <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diane B. Owen</u> | Director | March 5, 2026 |
|  | (Diane B. Owen) |  |  |
| By: | <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bruce E. Thompson</u> | Director | March 5, 2026 |
|  | (Bruce E. Thompson) |  |  |
| By: | <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;William M. Thalman</u> | Executive Vice President | March 5, 2026 |
|  | (William M. Thalman) | and Chief Financial Officer |  |
| By: | <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/s/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sean M. Reilly</u> | Corporate Controller | March 5, 2026 |
|  | (Sean M. Reilly) | and Principal Accounting Officer |  |

---

## Exhibit 4.1

**Exhibit 4.1**

**DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTRANT'S SECURITIES**

**REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE**

**SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

The following is a brief description of the common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock"), of the L.B. Foster Company (the "Company"), which is the only security of the Company registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The summary of the terms of the Common Stock is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the relevant provisions of the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, including the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law ("PBCL"), the Company's Articles of Incorporation ("Articles of Incorporation") and its Bylaws (the "Bylaws"). Copies of the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 10-K of which this Exhibit 4.1 is a part. We encourage you to read our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws for additional information.

**Overview of Capital Stock**

**Authorized Capital Stock**

Our authorized capital shares consist of 20,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock ("Preferred Stock"). The Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board of Directors") may issue Preferred Stock from time to time. Subject to the limits imposed by the PBCL, our Board of Directors is authorized to divide the authorized and unissued shares of Preferred Stock into classes or series, or both, and to determine for any such class or series its designation and the number of shares of the class or series and the voting rights, preferences, limitations and special rights, if any, of the class or series. As of December 31, 2025, no shares of Preferred Stock were registered or outstanding.

**Description of Common Stock**

**Voting Rights**

Holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters voted on by shareholders, including the election of directors. Our Common Stock does not have cumulative voting rights and our Board of Directors is not classified. Except as otherwise provided in the PBCL, Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, actions by shareholders shall be effective upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by all shareholders entitled to vote thereon and, if any shareholders are entitled to vote thereon as a class, upon receiving the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by the shareholders entitled to vote as a class. The Bylaws provide that, in the case of director elections, candidates receiving the highest number of votes from each class or group of classes shall be elected (i.e., plurality vote standard).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes that all shareholders are entitled to cast is required to amend certain provisions of the Bylaws regarding (i) advance notice of nominations and proposals (Section 2.05) and (ii) amendment of Bylaws (Section 7.02).

**Dividend Rights**

Subject to the rights of any Preferred Stock then outstanding, holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends for each outstanding share, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the Board of Directors in its discretion out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends.

**Liquidation Rights**

In the event of the Company's liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, either voluntarily or involuntarily, holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive, subject to any liquidation preference of any Preferred Stock then outstanding, the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution, if any, in proportion to the number of shares held.

**Other Rights and Preferences**

The holders of Common Stock do not have any preemptive, redemption, sinking fund, or conversion rights and the Common Stock is not subject to any restriction on alienability, except as required by law.

------

**Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions**

**Governance Document Provisions** 

The Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws include certain provisions which may be considered to be "anti-takeover" in nature because they may have the effect of discouraging or making more difficult the acquisition of control by means of a hostile tender offer, exchange offer, proxy contest or similar transaction. The Company believes these provisions protect shareholders by providing a measure of assurance that shareholders will be treated fairly in the event of an unsolicited takeover bid and by preventing a successful takeover bidder from exercising its voting control to the detriment of the other shareholders.

The provisions in the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws (or lack thereof) which may be considered to be "anti-takeover" in nature include the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Availability of authorized but unissued capital stock, including the ability to issue a class or series, or both, of Preferred Stock whose rights and privileges may be determined by the Board of Directors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A provision that does not permit shareholders to cumulate their votes for the election of directors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A provision that limits the permissible number of directors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A provision that requires, in certain circumstances, a greater than majority shareholder vote in order to amend the Bylaws and advance notice provisions set forth therein;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A provision requiring that advance notice be delivered to the Company of any business to be brought by an eligible shareholder before a meeting of shareholders and requiring certain procedures to be followed by shareholders in nominating candidates for election as directors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• No provision for shareholders to call special meetings of shareholders; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• No provision for shareholders to act by partial written consent.

**Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law Provisions**

The PBCL contains a number of statutory "anti-takeover" provisions, including Subchapters E, F, G and H of Chapter 25 and Sections 2521, 2524 and 2538 of the PBCL, which apply automatically to Pennsylvania registered corporations unless the corporation elects to opt-out of those provisions. The Company is a Pennsylvania registered corporation, and has elected to opt-out of certain provisions as described below. Descriptions of the anti-takeover provisions that the Company opted out of are qualified in their entirety by reference to the PBCL:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Section 1715 (relating to exercise of powers generally) provides that the board of directors, when considering the best interests of the corporation generally, may consider the effects of an action upon any or all groups affected by the action, the short- and long-term interests of the corporation, and the resources, intent, and conduct of any person seeking to acquire control of the corporation. In considering the best interests of the corporation and the effect of an action, the board of directors shall not be required to regard the corporate interest or interest of any particular group as the dominant or controlling interest, and the act of the board of directors, absent any breach of fiduciary duty, shall be presumed to be in the best interest of the corporation.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Section 2538 of the PBCL generally establishes certain shareholder approval requirements with respect to specified transactions with "interested shareholders."

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Subchapter E (relating to control transactions) generally provides that if any person or group acquires 20% or more of the Company's voting power, the remaining holders of voting shares may demand from such person or group the fair value of their voting shares, including a proportionate amount of any control premium.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Subchapter F (relating to business combinations) imposes conditions upon "business combinations," including a five-year moratorium on certain "business combinations" unless certain conditions are met, between an "interested shareholder" and the Company. The term "business combination" is defined broadly to include various transactions between a corporation and an interested shareholder including mergers, sales or leases of specified amounts of assets, liquidations, reclassifications and issuances of specified amounts of additional shares of stock of the corporation. An "interested shareholder" is defined generally as the beneficial owner of at least 20% of a corporation's voting shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Subchapter G (relating to control share acquisitions) generally requires a shareholder vote to reinstate voting rights to control shares acquired by a 20% shareholder in a control-share acquisition.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Subchapter H (relating to disgorgement of profits) generally requires a person or group that owns 20% or more of a company's equity securities, or that publicly announces an intention to acquire control of a company, to disgorge within 24 months prior to, or within 18 months after, acquiring control status any profits received from a sale of the company's shares.

## Exhibit 10.38

**Exhibit 10.38**

**<u>DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN FOR NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS UNDER THE 2025 EQUITY AND INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN</u>**

**<u>L.B. FOSTER COMPANY</u>**

(Effective December 1, 2025)

**<u>Section 1</u>. <u>Purpose and Effective Date</u>**. The purpose of this Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors of L.B. Foster Company (the "Plan") is to permit Non-Employee Directors of L.B. Foster Company (the "Company") to defer receipt of compensation earned for serving on the Board. It is intended that this Plan will assist the Company in attracting and retaining individuals of exceptional ability. The original effective date of this Plan is May 1, 2017 and was amended and restated effective December 1, 2022, and December 1, 2025. This Plan was established pursuant to the L.B. Foster Company 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the "Omnibus Plan") and amended and restated pursuant to the 2022 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan which was approved by shareholders on June 2, 2022 (the "2022 Plan") as successor to the Omnibus Plan, and again amended and restated pursuant to the 2025 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan which was approved by the shareholders on May 22, 2025, (the "2025 Plan"). Unless otherwise defined herein, all capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the 2025 Plan.

**<u>Section 2</u>. <u>Eligibility</u>**. Any Non-Employee Director is eligible to participate in this Plan.

**<u>Section 3</u>. <u>Deferred Compensation Account</u>**. There shall be established for each Participant who makes a deferral election pursuant to this Plan a deferred compensation account ("Account"), which as of any point in time shall consist of the total of the balance to the credit of the Participant in his or her Cash Account (see Section 6) and/or the Deferred Stock Units credited to the Participant under his or her L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account (see Section 7).

**<u>Section 4</u>. <u>Amount of Deferral</u>**. A Participant may elect to defer receipt of all of the cash and/or Stock compensation ("Directors Fees") otherwise payable to the Participant for serving on the Board or committees of the Board. Elective deferrals of cash compensation may only be invested in a Cash Account and any Stock-based compensation may only be invested in an L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account (including, without limitation, Stock paid in lieu of cash Director Fees as elected by a Non-Employee Director). Deferred compensation will be credited to the Participant's Account on the date the applicable Directors Fees would otherwise be paid (in the case of cash compensation) or granted (in the case of Stock based compensation).

**<u>Section 5</u>. <u>Time of Election of Deferral; Deferral Period</u>**. "Deferral Period" means the annual service period for which a Non-Employee Director is elected at each annual meeting of the shareholders of the Company; the annual service period ends at the next annual meeting of shareholders at which Non-Employee Directors are elected (except under the circumstances described in Section 8(a) below in which case the service period will be from the date of a Non-Employee Director's election to the Board until the next annual meeting of shareholders at which Non-Employee Directors are elected). Subject to the provisions of Section 8, an election to defer Directors Fees shall be effective when made, as to any Directors Fees not then earned. Deferral elections shall be made for each Deferral Period on a prospective basis, shall be irrevocable for the relevant Deferral Period, and shall be made on an Election Form provided by the Company as described in Section 8.

**<u>Section 6</u>. <u>Cash Account</u>**. The Company shall be obligated to pay interest at the United States Prime Rate as listed in the Eastern print edition of *The Wall Street Journal* on the last day of the immediately preceding calendar year for which *The Wall Street Journal* was published on the amount of a Participant's balance in the Cash Account until the Participant's balance in the Cash Account is fully distributed. Interest shall be credited as of the last day of each calendar quarter; provided, however that the Board and/or the Nomination and Governance Committee of the Board (the "Committee") shall have the right to specify a different interest rate (including an interest rate of zero percent) for all or part of any period. Once amounts have been allocated to a Participant's Cash Account, they may not be reallocated to a Participant's L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account.

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**<u>Section 7</u>. <u>L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)**<u>General</u>**. Amounts of Stock that a Participant elects to be deferred into his or her L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account shall be posted to the account of the Participant in the form of "Deferred Stock Units," each of which is equivalent in value to one share of Stock on the date such share would otherwise be granted and calculated, in the case that such equity award is expressed in terms of a dollar value on the grant date, by dividing the grant date dollar value of the award by the closing market price per share of the Stock on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange (or other exchange upon which the Stock is then traded or such other applicable method to determine the Stock price as set forth in Section 2(s) of the 2025 Plan) on such grant date. The value of the Deferred Stock Units posted to the L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account of a Participant as of any date will be equal to the number of Deferred Stock Units in the Participant's account times the closing market price per share of the Stock on the date of such valuation.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)**<u>Initial Credits for Deferred Stock Unit Amounts</u>**. The number of Deferred Stock Units initially credited to a Participant's L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account shall be equal to the number of shares or other units of the Stock based compensation that would have been granted to such Participant.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)**<u>Dividends and Distributions with Respect to Shares of Stock</u>**. Dividends or distributions on the Stock in cash or property (other than Stock) shall <u>not</u> result in any credits with respect to any Deferred Stock Units in the Deferred Stock Unit Account. Cash equivalents of any dividends declared on Deferred Stock Units will be deposited into the Participant's Deferred Cash Account in accordance with Section 9 and distributed in cash on the applicable distribution date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)**<u>No Brokerage Fees</u>**. Brokerage fees will not be charged against the value of initial deferrals into Deferred Stock Units in the L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account, either when such Deferred Stock Units are credited to a Participant's Account or upon distribution of such Deferred Stock Units from a Participant's Account.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e)**<u>Adjustments to Deferred Stock Units in Deferred Stock Unit Account</u>**. In the event of any change in the outstanding shares of Stock by reason of any Stock dividend or split, recapitalization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, reorganization, combination or exchange of shares of Stock, or other similar corporate change, then an equitable equivalent adjustment shall be made in the "Deferred Stock Units" credited to a Participant's L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account, taking into account the provisions of Section 22.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f)**<u>Irrevocability of Investments in Deferred Stock Unit Account</u>**. Once amounts have been allocated as Deferred Stock Units in a Participant's L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account, they may not be reallocated to a Participant's Cash Account or to any other investment alternative.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g)**<u>Form of Payment/Distribution of Deferred Stock Units</u>**. Payment of amounts allocated as Deferred Stock Units in a Participant's L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account shall be made by transferring to the Participant a number of shares of Stock equal to the number of whole Deferred Stock Units then distributable, with cash in lieu of any fractional units, and net of any withholding obligations, if any, of the Company with respect to such Stock in a Participant's L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account, and shall also be subject to any applicable holding and other requirements of the 2025 Plan, under which the Deferred Stock Units were granted, or any comparable successor plan under which future Deferred Stock Units may be granted, and/or applicable corporate governance policies adopted by the Company.

**<u>Section 8</u>. <u>Manner of Electing Deferral</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)For each Deferral Period, a Participant may elect to defer up to 100% of Directors Fees by written notice given to the Company prior to the beginning of the calendar year in which the Deferral Period begins. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent permitted by the Committee or its Designated Administrator, a new Non-Employee Director may make a deferral election within 30 days after he or she first becomes eligible for this Plan, provided that such election shall apply only to amounts earned for services performed after the date of the election. This election, which shall be on a form provided by the Company, shall include: (1) the type of compensation deferred (cash and/or equity) and (2) the amount or percentage to be deferred.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)Any election to defer shall be effective when received and accepted by the Corporate Secretary's Office.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Elections under this Section 8 and shall be irrevocable.

**<u>Section 9</u>. <u>Payment of Account Balance</u>**.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) or (c) below, payment of a Participant's entire Account shall be made in a single lump sum payment as soon as administratively practicable on or after the six-month anniversary of the

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Participant's Separation from Service from the Board. "Separation from Service" shall mean a Participant's retirement or other complete termination of service with the Board. Whether a Participant has a Separation from Service will be determined based on all of the facts and circumstances and in accordance with Section 409A and authoritative guidance thereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Notwithstanding a Participant's deferral election, the Participant may delay the payment of his or her entire Account, provided that any such election form is both: (1) submitted at least twelve (12) months prior to the date of the Participant's Separation from Service from the Board, and (2) delays the payment of the Participant's Account until exactly five years after the six-month anniversary of the Participant's Separation from Service from the Board.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) above, if a Participant dies or incurs a Disability before his or her Account balance has been paid in full, the entire Account shall be paid to the Participant's designated beneficiary (in case of the Participant's death) or to the Participant (in case of the Participant's Disability) as soon as administratively practicable, but not later than 90 days after the date the Participant dies or becomes Disabled (provided, however, that if this 90 day period overlaps two taxable years of the Participant or designated beneficiary the recipient does not have the right to designate the taxable year of the payment).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) To the extent consistent with Section 22, the Committee may accelerate the payment of a Participant's Account.

**<u>Section 10.</u> <u>Participant's Rights Unsecured and Unfunded</u>.** The right of any Participant to receive future payments under the provisions of this Plan shall be an unsecured claim against the general assets of the Company. The amounts credited to a Participant under this Plan shall not be funded in any manner prior to payment of such amounts becoming due.

**<u>Section 11</u>. <u>Statement of Account</u>**. Statements may be sent periodically to each Participant showing the value of his or her Cash Account and/or the Deferred Stock Units to his or her credit in the L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account.

**<u>Section 12. Beneficiary Designation.</u>**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)**<u>Beneficiary Designation</u>**. Each Participant shall have the right, at any time, to designate one (1) or more persons as beneficiary (both primary as well as secondary) to whom benefits under this Plan shall be paid in the event of Participant's death prior to complete distribution of the Participant's Account under this Plan. Each beneficiary designation shall be in a written form acceptable to the Committee or its Designated Administrator (as hereinafter defined) and shall be effective only if filed with the Committee or its Designated Administrator during the Participant's lifetime.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)**<u>Changing Beneficiary</u>**. Any beneficiary designation may be changed by filing a new beneficiary designation with the Committee or its Designated Administrator.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)**<u>No Beneficiary Designation</u>**. If any Participant fails to designate a beneficiary in the manner provided above, if the designation is void, or if all beneficiaries designated by a Participant die before the Participant or before complete distribution of the Participant's benefits, the Participant's beneficiary shall be the Participant's surviving spouse, or the Participant's estate if there is no surviving spouse.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)**<u>Effect of Payment</u>**. Payment to the beneficiary shall completely discharge the Company's obligations under this Plan.

**<u>Section 13. Administration.</u>**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)**<u>Committee; Duties</u>**. This Plan shall be administered by the Committee and, to the extent so delegated, its designated administrator (the "Designated Administrator"), and any of their designees. The Committee and, to the extent applicable, its Designated Administrator, shall have the exclusive authority and discretion to interpret, construe, and administer the provisions of this Plan and to decide all questions concerning this Plan and its administration. Without limiting the foregoing, the Committee and, to the extent applicable, its Designated Administrator, shall have the authority, from time to time, to: determine eligibility for and the amount of benefits, if any, due under this Plan; determine amounts payable under this Plan; interpret this Plan, make factual determinations, correct deficiencies, and supply omissions, including resolving any ambiguity or uncertainty arising under or existing in the terms and provisions of this Plan; make all other determinations and take all other actions necessary or advisable for the implementation and administration of this Plan; and establish rules and regulations for the administration of this Plan.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)**<u>Agents</u>**. The Committee and, to the extent applicable, its Designated Administrator, may, from time to time, employ agents and delegate to them such administrative duties as it sees fit, and may from time to time consult with counsel who may be counsel to the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)**<u>Binding Effect of Decisions</u>**. The decision or action of the Committee and, to the extent applicable, its Designated Administrator, with respect to any question arising out of or in connection with the administration, interpretation and application of this Plan and the rules and regulations promulgated hereunder shall be final, conclusive and binding upon all persons having any interest in this Plan.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)**<u>Indemnity of Committee</u>**. The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless the members of the Committee and, to the extent applicable, its Designated Administrator, against any and all claims, loss, damage, expense or liability arising from any action or failure to act with respect to this Plan on account of such member's service on the Committee, and, to the extent applicable, its Designated Administrator, except in the case of gross negligence or willful misconduct.

**<u>Section 13. No Rights as a Shareholder</u>**. Until distribution of the Deferred Stock Unit Account in the form of Stock to a Participant hereunder, a Participant shall not have the rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to the Stock Units held in the Participant's Deferred Stock Unit Account.

**<u>Section 14. No Right to Directorship</u>**. Nothing contained in this Plan, any elective deferral notice, or other related document shall be construed to (a) confer upon a Participant any right to continue to serve as a director of the Company, (b) restrict in any way the Company's right to terminate or change the terms or conditions of a Participant's directorship at any time, or (c) confer upon a Participant or any other person any claim or right to any compensation or other award or distribution under this Plan except in accordance with their terms.

**<u>Section 15. Protective Provisions</u>**. A Participant will cooperate with the Company by furnishing any and all information requested by the Company or the Committee in order to facilitate the payment of benefits hereunder.

**<u>Section 16. Governing Law</u>**. The provisions of this Plan shall be construed and interpreted according to the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, except as preempted by federal law.

**<u>Section 17. Validity</u>**. If any provision of this Plan shall be held illegal or invalid for any reason, said illegality or invalidity shall not affect the remaining parts hereof, but this Plan shall be construed and enforced as if such illegal and invalid provision had never been inserted herein.

**<u>Section 18. Notice</u>**. Any notice required or permitted under this Plan shall be sufficient if in writing and hand delivered or sent by registered or certified mail. Such notice shall be deemed given as of the date of delivery or, if delivery is made by mail, as of the date shown on the postmark on the receipt for registration or certification. Mailed notice to the Committee shall be directed to the Company's address. Mailed notice to a Participant or beneficiary shall be directed to the individual's last known address in the Company's records.

**<u>Section 19. Successors</u>**. The provisions of this Plan shall bind and inure to the benefit of the Company and its successors and assigns. The term successors as used herein shall include any corporate or other business entity which shall, whether by merger, consolidation, purchase or otherwise acquire all or substantially all of the business and assets of the Company, and successors of any such corporation or other business entity.

**<u>Section 20</u>. <u>Assignability</u>**. The right to receive payments hereunder shall not be transferable or assignable by a Participant nor subject to the claims of the Participant's creditors.

**<u>Section 21</u>. <u>Amendment</u>**. This Plan may at any time or from time to time be amended, modified or terminated by the Board. No amendment, modification or termination shall, without the consent of a Participant, reduce the then current balance of his or her Cash Account and/or the number of Deferred Stock Units then credited to his or her L.B. Foster Deferred Stock Unit Account. Except as otherwise permitted under Section 409A (without incurring penalties), the amendment, modification, or termination of this Plan shall not affect the timing and manner of distribution of any Participant's Account. Such distribution shall be made as if this Plan had remained in effect unchanged.

**<u>Section 22</u>. <u>Compliance with Section 409A</u>.** It is intended that amounts deferred under this Plan will not be taxable under Section 409A. This Plan shall be interpreted and administered, to the extent possible, in a manner that does

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not result in a "plan failure" (within the meaning of Section 409A(a)(1)) of this Plan or any other plan or arrangement maintained by the Company.

## Exhibit 10.39

**Exhibit 10.39**

**Please Read Carefully. This Confidential Retirement Agreement Includes a Release of Known and Unknown Claims.**

**<u>RETIREMENT AGREEMENT AND GENERAL RELEASE</u>**

This Retirement Agreement and General Release (this "Agreement"), dated December 31, 2025, is entered into by and between L. B. FOSTER COMPANY, a Pennsylvania corporation (the "Company"), and Brian H. Kelly ("Employee").

**<u>RECITALS</u>**

WHEREAS, Employee will voluntarily retire from employment with the Company, on December 31, 2025 (the "Retirement Date"); and

WHEREAS, the Company advises Employee to consult with an attorney before signing this Agreement. Any questions regarding this Agreement should be directed to Jamie F. O'Neill, Senior Vice President, Human Resources, at (412) 480-9972; and

WHEREAS, Employee may take up to **45 calendar days** after receiving this or until the Retirement Date (whichever is longer) to consider and consult with an attorney (at Employee's sole cost) about these documents, before deciding whether to sign this Agreement. Any modifications, material or otherwise, made to this Agreement do not restart or affect in any manner the original consideration period; and

WHEREAS, Employee will not sign this Agreement unless Employee has carefully read this Agreement, understands its contents, and voluntarily signs this Agreement, intending to be legally bound by its terms; and

WHEREAS, the Parties intend for this Agreement to release all known and unknown claims that Employee might have against the Company and its affiliates, to the fullest extent to which claims against an employer can be released under applicable law.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of: (a) the mutual covenants and agreements set forth in this Agreement; (b) the approval of Employee's retirement by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company, the accelerated vesting of Employee's existing Restricted Stock Awards, continued participation on a pro-rata basis in the Company's Long Term Incentive Plan with respect to those Performance Share Unit awards made prior to the date of this Agreement, payout of any awards of shares or Performance Share Units to the extent earned during active employment preceding an approved retirement under the Performance-Based Stock Award Retention Program and Strategy Transformation Plan, payment of an annual cash bonus for fiscal year 2025, if earned, and payment of Employee's accrued balance under the Company's Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan; and (c) other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>1.</u><u>Recitals.</u> The foregoing recitals are true and correct and incorporated herein.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>2.</u><u>Consideration.</u> Employee and Company acknowledge and agree that consideration for the agreements and covenants set forth herein, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company shall approve the retirement of Employee which shall provide for the following benefits which would not otherwise be provided or payable to Employee without such action and without the execution of this Agreement and the documents contemplated hereunder: the accelerated vesting of Employee's existing Restricted Stock Awards; continued participation on a pro-rata basis in the Company's Long Term Incentive Plan with respect to those Performance Share Unit awards made prior to the date of this Agreement; payout of any awards of shares or Performance Share Units to the extent earned during active employment preceding an approved retirement under the Performance-Based Stock Award Retention Program and Strategy Transformation Plan; payment of an annual cash bonus for fiscal year 2025, if earned; and payment of Employee's accrued balance under the Company's Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>3.</u><u>No Consideration Unless This Agreement is Executed.</u> Employee understands and agrees that Employee has no right to receive the consideration specified in this Agreement, unless Employee signs and does not revoke this Agreement and continues to abide by all of the terms set forth herein.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>4.</u><u>Revocation, Execution, and Effective Date.</u> The Company has provided advance notice that the Retirement Date shall be Employee's last day of employment with the Company. The Parties have agreed that Employee will remain employed with the Company until the Retirement Date, with Employee making best efforts on a full-time basis to meet the Company's reasonable expectations during this time period, subject to the Company's right to modify the Retirement Date if circumstances warrant doing so. Employee was provided with a copy of this Agreement on October 23, 2025, *but Employee shall not sign this Agreement until the Retirement Date.* For a period of 7 calendar days after signing this Agreement, Employee may revoke this Agreement. The Agreement becomes effective on the 8th day after Employee signs it if not revoked ("Effective Date"). To revoke the Agreement, Employee must state in writing addressed to Jamie F. O'Neill, Senior Vice President-Human Resources, L.B. Foster Company, 415 Holiday Drive, Suite 100, Pittsburgh, PA 15220: "I hereby revoke my acceptance of our Confidential Retirement Agreement and General Release." The revocation must be personally delivered to Jamie F. O'Neill or, if sent by mail, postmarked within 7 calendar days after Employee signs this Agreement. Upon the Retirement Date, Employee shall be deemed to have resigned, effective as of the date of such termination and to the extent applicable, from all Board or officer position(s) held with the Company and any of its affiliates.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>5.</u><u>Employment Period.</u> From the date of this Agreement through and until December 31, 2025 (the "Employment Period"), Employee shall continue as an employee of the Company as Executive Vice President — Senior Advisor to the Chief Executive Officer performing his prescribed duties as currently defined and performed, and subject to the Company's policies and requirements applicable to its employees and to Employee as an executive officer thereof. Employee hereby irrevocably designates December 31, 2025 as his Retirement Date from employment with the Company. Concurrently with such retirement, Employee shall execute and deliver to the Company a release of all claims against the Company, provided that this Agreement all other benefits provided to Employee as a retiree under applicable Company plans shall continue in full force and effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. <u>General Release.</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In consideration of the benefits described this Agreement, Employee knowingly and voluntarily releases and forever discharges the Company, its parent, affiliates, subsidiaries, divisions, predecessors, successors and assigns, and all of their current and former employees, attorneys, shareholders, members, officers, directors and agents, and the current and former trustees or administrators of any retirement or other benefit plan applicable to their employees or former employees (collectively "Releasees"), jointly and individually, from all claims, demands, liabilities, obligations, promises, damages, actions and causes of action, known and unknown, in law or equity, at common law or under any statute, rule, regulation, order or law, whether federal, state or local, which Employee (and/or Employee's heirs, executors, or estate administrators) has or may have against Releasees as of the date Employee signs this Release. Examples of released claims include, but are not limited to, any alleged violation of:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The National Labor Relations Act;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Civil Rights Act of 1991;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Sections 1981 through 1988 of Title 42 of the United States Code, as amended;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Immigration Reform and Control Act, as amended;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Older Workers Benefit Protection Act;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Equal Pay Act of 1963;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Pennsylvania Human Relations Act;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Pennsylvania Wage Payment and Collection Law

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Allegheny County Human Relations Act, Allegheny County Ord. No. 26-09-OR;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Pittsburgh City Code, Chapters 651-659;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Pennsylvania Breach of Personal Information Notification Act;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The Dodd-Frank Act;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Any other federal, state, or local civil or human rights law that may be legally waived and released;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• All claims under laws governing the payment of wages or protection of workers seeking payment of wages or protection of workers seeking payment for work performed and any other federal, state or local statutory and/or common laws governing the payment of wages that may be legally waived and released;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Any federal, state, or local public policy, tort, or common law; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Any contract, express or implied.

Employee also releases any claim or assertion for recovery of costs, legal fees, or other expenses related in any way whatsoever to the termination of Employee's employment with the Company or its affiliates (the foregoing is collectively referred to herein as the "Release"). Provided, however, that nothing in this Agreement extinguishes any claims Employee may have against the Company or its affiliates for breach of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.The Parties intend for this Release to serve as a general release of all of Employee's claims against all Releasees, excluding only those claims that Employee cannot release as a matter of law under any statute or common law. The Company advises Employee to seek independent legal counsel if Employee desires clarification on the scope of this general release.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.This Release does not preclude Employee from filing a charge or complaint with any appropriate federal, state, or local government agency, including but not limited to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and/or from cooperating with any such agency in an investigation. Employee, however, waives any right to file a personal lawsuit, and waives any right to accept, recover or receive monetary damages or other relief for the above released claims as a result of any legal proceeding (including through settlement), without regard as to the party or agency filing the complaint or charge. Employee does not waive the right to seek a judicial determination of the validity of Employee's release of claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing herein prevents reporting (or receiving any financial awards from the government resulting from reporting) possible violations of federal law or regulation to any governmental agency or entity, or making other disclosures, protected under the whistleblower provisions of federal law or regulation.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>7.</u> <u>Affirmations.</u> By signing below, Employee represents and agrees that Employee was not denied any leave or benefit to which there was legal entitlement, received the correct pay for all hours worked, and has no known workplace injuries or occupational diseases. Employee affirms that Employee has not filed, nor has Employee caused to be filed, nor is Employee presently a party to, any claim, complaint, or action against any of the Releasees in any forum or form. Other than the consideration referred to herein, Employee affirms that Employee has been paid and/or has received all leave (paid or unpaid), compensation, wages, and/or commissions to which Employee may be entitled and that no other leave (paid or unpaid), benefits, compensation, wages, payments, and/or commissions are due to Employee. Employee is not aware of any facts that would support the filing of a claim, charge, or other proceeding against any of the Releasees. Employee has no knowledge of any illegal or unethical conduct by any of the Releasees.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>8.</u><u>Non-Admission of Wrongdoing.</u> Employee agrees that this Release is not an admission of wrongdoing by the Company or the Releasees, and the act of offering this Release will not be used as evidence of any liability or unlawful conduct of any kind.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>9.</u><u>Confidentiality.</u> Except as provided in Section 6(c) and (d), Employee agrees that he/she has not disclosed and shall not disclose any information regarding the existence or terms of this Agreement, except to Employee's immediate family, tax advisor and/or attorney with whom Employee chooses to consult regarding consideration of this Agreement before signing it, or as required or compelled by process of law. If Employee discloses this Agreement to his/her spouse, tax advisor and/or attorney, Employee will advise them that its terms are not to be disclosed.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>10.</u><u>Cooperation.</u> Employee agrees to be reasonably available to the Company and the Releasees, and to respond to requests for information concerning work performed by Employee, and to provide information, documents, declarations or statements, and to meet with attorneys and other representatives to prepare for and give depositions or testimony, and/or to otherwise cooperate in the investigation, defense or prosecution of matters relating to any threatened, present, or future legal action, investigations or administrative proceedings involving the Company. The Company will advance or reimburse Employee's reasonable costs incurred as a result of Employee's obligations under this Section

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>11.</u><u>Non-Disparagement.</u> Employee agrees that he shall not make any disparaging statement about the Company or any current or former officer, director or employee of the Company to any past, present or future customers, employees, clients, contractors, or vendors of the Company or to any news or communications media or to any other person, orally or in writing or by any other medium of communication (including but not limited to Internet communications such as social media sites, e-mails, message boards, "chat rooms" and web postings). As used herein, the term "disparaging statement" means any communication, oral or written, which is critical of or derogatory towards or which would cause or tend to cause humiliation or embarrassment to or cause a recipient of such communication to question the business condition, integrity, product, service, quality, confidence or good character of the Company or any current or former officer, director or employee of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>12.</u><u>Governing Law.</u> To the extent that federal law governs the interpretation or enforceability of any provision in this Agreement, the Agreement shall be interpreted and enforced in accordance with federal law. Otherwise, this Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania without giving effect to conflicts-of-law principles.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>13.</u><u>Venue.</u> The Parties agree that either the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania or the Court of Common Pleas, Allegheny County will be the exclusive venue for any action or proceeding to enforce or interpret this Agreement. Employee irrevocably waives his/her right to object to or challenge this venue, based on inconvenience or unfairness.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14. <u>Confidential Information.</u> Employee agrees that information obtained by or disclosed to Employee while employed by the Company or thereafter, which the Company has not made available to the general public and which could be of value to competitors of the Company, including but not limited to information about the Company's and its subsidiaries' and affiliates' operations, processes, practices, programs, business and strategic plans, pricing, marketing, research and development, costs and profit margins, customer needs and products is strictly confidential and/or proprietary to the Company and shall not be disclosed, discussed or revealed to any persons, entities or organizations outside the Company without its prior written approval. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, nothing in this Agreement prohibits Employee from reporting to any governmental authority information concerning violations of law or regulation, and Employee may disclose Proprietary Information and/or trade secret information to a government official or to an attorney and use it in certain proceedings without fear of prosecution or liability provided that Employee does so consistent with 18 U.S.C. § 1833.

<u>15</u>. <u>Post-Employment Obligations.</u>

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.Employee further affirms that Employee entered into a Confidentiality, Intellectual Property and Non-Compete Agreement dated April 3, 2007 (a copy of which is attached hereto as <u>Appendix A)</u> (the "Non-Compete Agreement"), and in advance of signing this Agreement, Employee voluntarily reaffirms and agrees to continue to abide by its post-employment restrictions and understands the extent of those obligations as well as affirms their enforceability and validity.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.In addition to those contractual obligations, Employee understands Employee's common law and statutory obligations to the Company, which includes, but is not limited to, abiding by the Defend Trade Secrets Act, the Pennsylvania Uniform Trade Secrets Act and not using or disclosing any of the Company's Proprietary Information for Employee's or any other person or entity's benefit. Employee agrees that any violation of these post-employment obligations shall result in irreparable harm to the Company and warrant immediate, injunctive relief without the posting of a bond. Employee further acknowledges and agrees that Proprietary Information means any information of value relating to the Company's business that has not previously been publicly released by duly authorized representatives of the Company, and shall include (but shall not be limited to) trade secrets, information encompassed in all drawings, designs, plans, proposals, business/sales strategies, marketing and sales plans, research and development plans, financial information, costs, pricing information, profit margins, proposal/estimating/sales information, customer/prospective customer information, vendor information, employee information that could be used by a competitor to engage in unfair competition or interfere with the Company's relationships, and all methods, concepts, best practices, know-how, or ideas in or reasonably related to the Company's business.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>16.</u> <u>Injunctive Relief/Remedies.</u> In the event of any breach by you of the provisions of Sections 9, 11, 14, and 15 of this Agreement, the Company shall have no obligation to continue paying you any amounts or delivering to you any equity, as appropriate, that would otherwise be due to you, including amounts under Section 2 hereof; Employee's Restricted Stock Awards which acceleration was vested hereunder; those Performance Share Units which have not yet been earned and issued as of the date of a breach of the covenants contained herein; the annual cash bonus for fiscal year 2025 and Employee's accrued balance under the Company Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan. All these amounts and equity awards shall be forfeited and no longer owed as of the date of any breach Sections 9, 11, 14, and 15 of this Agreement, and those amounts will be used by the Company to pay the attorneys' fees and costs for specific enforcement of Sections 9, 11, 14 and 15 against Employee, which is necessary and reasonable given the legitimate, protectable business interests at issue. Employee agrees that any remedy at law will be inadequate for any breach or threatened breach by Employee of any of the covenants contained in Sections 9, 11,14, and 15 of this Agreement, and that any breach or threatened breach of such covenants would cause such immediate, irreparable, and permanent damages as would be impossible to ascertain. Therefore, Employee agrees and consents that, in the event of any breach or threatened breach of the covenants contained in Sections 9, 11,14, and 1 s of this Agreement in addition to any and all other remedies available to the Company for such breach or threatened breach, including recovery of damages, the Company shall be entitled to obtain preliminary or permanent injunctive relief without the necessity of proving actual damages by reason of such breach or threatened breach and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, a temporary restraining order or similar procedural device may be granted immediately upon commencement of such action.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>18.</u><u>Severability.</u> Whenever possible, each provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision, but this Agreement shall be reformed, construed and enforced as if such invalid or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>19.</u><u>Complete Agreement.</u> This Agreement embodies the complete agreement and understanding between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and effective as of its date supersedes and preempts any prior understandings, agreements or representations by or between the parties, written or oral, which may have related to the subject matter hereof in any way.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;20. <u>Counterparts.</u> This Agreement may be executed in separate counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and both of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

21&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Successors and Assigns.</u> This Agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by Employee, the Company and their respective successors and assigns, except that neither party may assign any rights or delegate any obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other party. Employee hereby consents to the assignment by the Company of all of its rights and obligations hereunder to any successor to the Company by merger or consolidation or purchase of all or substantially all of the Company's assets, provided such transferee or successor assumes the liabilities of the Company hereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>22.</u><u>Amendment and Waiver.</u> The provisions of this Agreement may be amended or waived only with the prior written consent of the Company and Employee, and no course of conduct or failure or delay in enforcing the provisions of this Agreement shall affect the validity, binding effect, or enforceability of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>23.</u><u>409A; Taxes.</u> The provisions of this Agreement will be administered, interpreted and construed in a manner intended to comply with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the regulations issued thereunder, or any exception thereto (or disregarded to the extent such provision cannot be so administered, interpreted, or construed). Each payment under this Agreement shall be considered a separate and distinct payment. Employee shall have no right to designate the date of any payment under this Agreement. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall constitute any representation or warranty by the Company regarding compliance with Section 409A or the tax effects of this Agreement. The Company has no obligation to take any action to prevent the assessment of any tax, including those under Section 409A on any person and neither the Company, nor its subsidiaries or affiliates, nor any of their employees, officers, directors or other representatives or Releasee shall have any liability to Employee with respect to the tax effects of this Agreement and the payments hereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>24.</u><u>Acknowledgements.</u> Employee acknowledges and agrees that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.Employee may take up to 45 calendar days to consider this Release. By signing below, Employee may knowingly and voluntarily accept the terms of the Release before the 45-day period has expired.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.Employee has 7 calendar days to revoke this Release after signing it. To revoke the Release, Employee must deliver, send, or email the revocation in writing addressed to Jamie F. O'Neill, Senior Vice President, Human Resources, L.B. Foster Company, 415 Holiday Drive, Suite 100, Pittsburgh, PA 15220, email JONeill@LBFoster.com. The revocation must be delivered or postmarked within 7 calendar days after Employee signs this Release.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.The Company<sup>-</sup>advises Employee to consider carefully the terms of this Release and consult with an attorney of Employee's choice before signing it.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d.Any modifications, material or otherwise, made to this Release do not restart or affect in any manner the original 45 calendar day consideration period.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.Employee enters into this Release on a knowing and voluntary basis, of his own free will without coercion or duress, with the intent to be legally bound, and with the intent to waive, settle and release all releasable claims Employee has or might have against the Company and its affiliates.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;f.The Company executes this Release and provides the payments and benefits set forth in this Agreement in reliance on Employee's representations contained in this Release.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date and year first above written.

***L. B. FOSTER COMPANY***

**By:** <u>/s/ John F. Kasel</u>

***Title:* <u>President and Chief Executive Officer</u>**

***Employee***

**By:** <u>/s/ Brian H. Kelly</u>

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**Appendix A** 

**Executed in Pittsburgh, PA**

**CONFIDENTIALITY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND <br>NON-COMPETE AGREEMENT**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This Confidentiality, Intellectual Property and Non-Compete Agreement (the "Agreement"), dated as of <u>April 3, 2007</u> is between <u>Brian H. Kelly</u> (the "Employee) and **L. B. FOSTER COMPANY,** its subsidiaries and their respective successors (the "Company").

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, Employee has a position within the Company wherein Employee has and/or will acquire substantial knowledge about the Company, its subsidiaries, its customers, manufacturing processes and other confidential matters, all of which the Company deems proprietary; and

WHEREAS, Employee has received, or may receive, new and valuable consideration in connection with his execution of this agreement, including, without limitation, having the opportunity to participate in the Company's 2007 Management Incentive Plan.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of $1.00, the employment relationship between the parties, the opportunity to participate in the Company's 2007 Management Incentive Plan, other good and valuable consideration and the premises and covenants herein contained, the parties agree, intending to be legally bound, as follows:

**1.**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Employment At Will**

Employee shall be an employee-at-will and either party may terminate the employment relationship at any time and for any reason.

**2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventions**

For purposes of this Agreement, "Invention" shall mean any and all machines, apparatuses, compositions of matter, methods, know-how, processes, designs, configurations, uses, ideas, concepts or writings of any kind, discovered, conceived, developed, made, or produced, or any improvements to them, and shall not be limited to the definition of an invention contained in the United States Patent Laws. Employee understands and agrees that all Inventions or trademarks, copyrights or patents relating thereto, which reasonably relate to the Company's business as now or hereafter constituted and/or which are conceived or made by Employee while employed by the Company, either alone or with others, are the sole and exclusive property of the Company. Employee understands and agrees that all Inventions, trademarks, copyrights or patents relating thereto, which reasonably relate to the Company's business as now or hereafter constituted and/or which are conceived or made by Employee while employed by the Company, either alone or with others, are the sole and exclusive property of the Company. Employee understands and agrees that all Inventions, trademarks, copyrights or patents described above in this paragraph are the sole and exclusive property of the Company whether or not they are conceived or made during regular working hours.

Employee agrees that he will disclose promptly and in writing to the Company all Inventions within the scope of this Agreement, whether he considers them to be patentable or not, which he, either alone or with others, conceives or makes (whether or not during regular working hours). Employee hereby assigns and agrees to assign all his right, title

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and interest in and to those Inventions which reasonably relate to the Company's business and agrees not to disclose any of these to others without written consent of the Company. Employee agrees that he will at any time during his engagement hereunder, or after this Agreement terminates, on the request of the Company: (i) execute specific assignments in favor of the Company, or its nominee, of any of the Inventions covered by this Agreement; (ii) execute all papers and perform all lawful acts the Company considers necessary or advisable for the preparation, application, procurement, maintenance, enforcement and defense of patent applications and patents of the United States and foreign countries for these Inventions, for the perfection or enforcement of any trademarks or copyrights relating to such Inventions, and for the transfer of any interest Employee may have; and (iii) execute any and all papers and lawful documents required or necessary to vest sole right, title and interest in the Company, or its nominee, of the above Inventions, patent applications, patents, or any trademarks or copyrights relating thereto. Employee will, at the Company's expense, execute all documents (including those referred to above) and do all other acts necessary to assist in the preservation of all the Company's interest arising under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**3.Confidentiality**

For purposes of this Agreement, "Proprietary Information" shall mean any information relating to the Company's business that has not previously been publicly released by duly authorized representatives of the Company and shall include (but shall not be limited to) trade secrets, information encompassed in all drawings, designs, plans, proposals, marketing and sales plans, financial information, costs, pricing information, customer information, and all methods, concepts or ideas in or reasonably related to the Company's business, as now or hereafter constituted.

Employee agrees to regard and preserve as confidential all Proprietary Information whether he has such information in his memory or in writing or other physical form. Employee will not, without written authority from the Company to do so, use for his benefit or purposes, nor disclose to others, either during the term of this engagement hereunder or thereafter, any Proprietary Information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**4.Restrictive Covenants**

As an inducement to the Company to provide the consideration described above:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Non-Competition.</u> Employee agrees that during the Non-compete Period Employee will not, directly or indirectly, own, manage, operate, join, control, finance, assist or participate in the ownership, management, operation or control of, or be employed by, or otherwise engage in or become interested in or be connected in any manner with any Competing Business whether as a director, officer, employee, agent, consultant, independent contractor, broker, manager, shareholder, partner, lender, guarantor or in any other capacity (except that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary above, Employee may own 5% or less of the outstanding common stock of any publicly traded corporation); provided, however, that the obligations of this Paragraph 4(a) shall only be applicable if Employee resigns from the Company or is terminated "for cause".

For purposes of this Agreement, termination "for cause" shall mean that Employee was terminated for any of the following reasons:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Employee's neglect of or failure to properly perform the duties and responsibilities assigned to the Employee or the failure of the Employee to comply with proper directives of Employee's supervisor(s);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii)an act of dishonesty or disloyalty by the Employee relating to the business and affairs of the Company or its relationship with its employees, suppliers, customers or others having a business relationship with the Company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii)conviction of the Employee of a crime involving fraud, theft, intentional dishonesty, moral turpitude or similar conduct;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv)misappropriation by the Employee of any funds or property of the Company or actions by the Employee which are inconsistent with the Employee's fiduciary obligations to the Company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v)Employee's failure to abide by any of the Company's policies; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vi)Any other action or course of conduct by the Employee which has or reasonably can be expected to have an adverse effect on the Company, its business or its affairs.

The Company's Chief Executive Officer's good faith determination that the Employee has resigned or has been terminated "for cause" shall be conclusive. The concept of "constructive discharge" shall not be applicable and any person who claims he was constructively discharged shall be deemed to have resigned from the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>Definitions.</u> 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The term "Non-compete Period" as used herein shall refer to the one (1) year period commencing on the Employee's termination of employment with the Company, provided that, (a) in the event the party subject to the restriction violates any aspect of this Section 4, the Non-compete Period shall be extended by the number of days during the period from the commencement of the violation through the time when such party ceases violating this Section 4.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The term "Competing Business" as used herein shall refer to any business (whether conducted through an individual or an entity) which conducts all or part of its business in North America and which sells, fabricates or manufactures products products substantially similar to or competitive with products sold, fabricated, or manufactured by the Company at any time during the Non-Compete period or 3 years prior to the commencement of the Non-Compete Period.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<u>General.</u> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All parties hereby acknowledge that there are legitimate business interests &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at stake (such as protection of the Company's goodwill, customers, employees and trade secrets and other confidential information), that breach of this Section would harm the Company and that the restrictions and restraints contained in this covenant are reasonable. This covenant is ancillary to this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Reformation.</u> Should any court of competent jurisdiction determine that, consistent with the established precedent of the forum jurisdiction, the public policy of such jurisdiction requires a more limited restriction in geographic area, duration, nature of restricted activity, or any combination thereof, it would be in furtherance of the intentions of the parties hereto for the court to so interpret and construe the terms of this Section 4 to apply only to the extent of such limited restriction.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**5.Injunctive Relief**

It is understood and agreed by and between the parties hereto that the violation of this Agreement cannot be reasonably or adequately compensated in damages in any action at law, and that a breach by Employee of any of the provisions contained in this Agreement will cause the Company great and irreparable injury and damage. Employee hereby expressly agrees that the Company shall, in addition to all legal remedies, be entitled to the remedies of injunction, specific performance and other equitable relief to prevent or terminate a breach of this Agreement by Employee.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**6.Governmental Regulation**

Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed so as to require the commission of any act contrary to law and wherever there is any conflict between any provision of this Agreement and any statute, law, ordinance, order or

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regulation, the latter shall prevail, but in such event any such provision of this Agreement shall be curtailed and limited only to the extent necessary to bring it within the legal requirements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**7. Governing Law**

This Agreement has been executed in Pennsylvania and shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, excluding its rules on conflicts of laws. The parties hereby consent to the jurisdiction of any federal district court or state common pleas court located within Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, with the party initiating suit being empowered to select the court.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**8. [Intentionally Left Blank]**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**9. Entire Agreement; Amendment**

This Agreement sets forth the entire understanding of the parties in respect of the subject matter contained herein and supersedes all prior agreements, arrangements and understandings relating to the subject matter and may only be amended by a written agreement signed by both parties hereto or their duly authorized representatives.

IN WITNESS **WHEREOF,** the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

<u>/s/ Brian H. Kelly</u> 

***Employee Signature***

Accepted:

***L. B. FOSTER COMPANY***

**By:** <u>/s/ Stan L. Hasselbusch</u>

***Title:* <u>President</u>**

## Exhibit 19.1

**Exhibit 19.1**

**Policy Guide Document** 

**Insider Trading Policy** 

Revised: February 14, 2023

**Purpose**

This Insider Trading Policy (the "Policy") provides guidelines with respect to transactions in the securities of L. B. Foster Company (the "Company") and the handling of confidential information about the Company and the companies with which the Company does business. The Company's Board of Directors has adopted this Policy to promote compliance with federal, state and foreign securities laws that prohibit certain persons who are aware of material nonpublic information about a company from: (i) trading in securities of that company; or (ii) providing material nonpublic information to other persons who may trade on the basis of that information.

**Persons Subject to the Policy**

This Policy applies to all officers of the Company (in each case, the term "officer" has the meaning set forth in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")) and its subsidiaries, all members of the Company's Board of Directors and all employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company may also determine that other persons should be subject to this Policy, such as contractors or consultants who have access to material nonpublic information about the Company and/or its securities. This Policy also applies to family members, other members of a person's household and entities controlled by a person covered by this Policy, as described below.

**Transactions Subject to the Policy**

This Policy applies to transactions in the Company's securities (collectively, "Company Securities"), including the Company's common stock, options to purchase common stock, or any other type of securities that the Company may issue, including (but not limited to) preferred stock, convertible debentures, senior notes and warrants, as well as derivative securities that are not issued by the Company, such as exchange-traded put or call options or swaps relating to the Company's Securities.

**Individual Responsibility**

Persons subject to this Policy have ethical and legal obligations to maintain the confidentiality of information about the Company and not to engage in transactions in Company Securities while in possession of material nonpublic information. Each individual is responsible for making sure that he or she complies with this Policy, and that any family member, household member or entity whose transactions are subject to this Policy, as discussed below, also comply with this Policy. In all cases, the responsibility for determining whether an individual is in possession of material nonpublic information rests with that individual, and any action on the part of the Company, the Compliance Officer (as hereinafter defined) or any other employee or director pursuant to this Policy (or otherwise) does not in any way constitute legal advice or insulate an individual from liability under applicable securities laws. You could be subject to severe legal

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penalties and disciplinary action by the Company for any conduct prohibited by this Policy or applicable securities laws, as described below in more detail under the heading "Consequences of Violations."

**Administration of the Policy**

The Company's General Counsel shall serve as the Compliance Officer for the purposes of this Policy, and in his or her absence, another employee designated by the Compliance Officer or the Company's Board of Directors shall be responsible for administration of this Policy. All determinations and interpretations by the Compliance Officer shall be final and not subject to further review.

**Statement of Policy**

It is the policy of the Company that no director, officer or other employee of the Company (or any other person designated by this Policy or by the Compliance Officer as subject to this Policy) who is aware of material nonpublic information relating to the Company may, directly, or indirectly through family members or other persons or entities:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Engage in transactions in Company Securities, except as otherwise specified and permitted in this Policy under the headings "Transactions Under Company Plans," "Transactions Not Involving a Purchase or Sale" and "Rule 10b5-1 Plans;"

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Recommend the purchase or sale of any Company Securities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Disclose material nonpublic information to persons within the Company whose jobs do not require them to have that information, or outside of the Company to other persons, including, but not limited to, family, friends, business associates, investors and expert consulting firms, unless any such disclosure is made in accordance with the Company's policies regarding the protection or authorized external disclosure of information regarding the Company; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Assist anyone engaged in the above activities.

When a person who is subject to this Policy, in connection with working for the Company, becomes aware of material nonpublic information of a company with which the Company does business, including customers and suppliers, this Policy also applies equally to transactions in the securities of such other company. Each person who is subject to this Policy must treat material nonpublic information about the Company's business partners, customers and suppliers with the same care required with respect to the Company's material nonpublic information.

In addition, it is the policy of the Company that no director, officer or other employee of the Company (or any other person designated as subject to this Policy) may communicate or tip material nonpublic information, as described more fully below, to any third party (a "Tippee"). Tippees inherit an insider's duties and may be liable for trading on material nonpublic information illegally tipped to them by an insider. Tippees can obtain material nonpublic

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information by receiving overt tips from others or through, among other things, conversations at social, business or other gatherings. Therefore, any person who is subject to this Policy must keep all material nonpublic information relating the Company strictly confidential.

There are no exceptions to this Policy, except as specifically noted herein. Transactions that may be necessary or justifiable for independent reasons (such as the need to raise money for an emergency expenditure), or small transactions, are not excepted from this Policy. The securities laws do not recognize any mitigating circumstances, and, in any event, even the appearance of an improper transaction must be avoided to preserve the Company's reputation for adhering to the highest standards of conduct.

**Definition of Material Nonpublic Information**

<u>Material Information</u>. Information is considered "material" if a reasonable investor would consider that information important in making a decision to buy, hold or sell securities. Any information that could be expected to affect the Company's stock price, whether it is positive or negative, should be considered material. There is no bright-line standard for assessing materiality; rather, materiality is based on an assessment of all of the facts and circumstances, and is often evaluated by enforcement authorities with the benefit of hindsight. While it is not possible to define all categories of material information, some examples of Company information and information about the Company's business partners, customers and suppliers that ordinarily would be regarded as material are:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Unpublished financial results or projections of future earnings or losses, or other earnings guidance;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Changes to previously announced earnings guidance, or the decision to suspend earnings guidance;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A pending or proposed merger, acquisition or tender offer;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A pending or proposed acquisition or disposition of a significant asset;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A pending or proposed joint venture;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A company restructuring;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Significant related party transactions;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A change in dividend policy, the declaration of a stock split, or an offering of additional securities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Bank borrowings or other financing transactions out of the ordinary course;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The establishment of a repurchase program for company securities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A change in a company's pricing or cost structure;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Major marketing changes;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A change in management;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A change in auditors or notification that the auditor's reports may no longer be relied upon;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Development of a significant new product, process, or service;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Pending or threatened significant litigation, or the resolution of such litigation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Impending bankruptcy or the existence of severe liquidity problems;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The gain or loss of a significant customer or supplier;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The imposition of a ban on trading in Company Securities or the securities of another company;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Changes in credit ratings, whether positive or negative;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A significant cybersecurity breach or incident;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• A significant impairment of, or write-down in, assets.

<u>When Information is Considered Public</u>. Information that has not been disclosed to the public is generally considered to be nonpublic information. In order to establish that the information has been disclosed to the public, it may be necessary to demonstrate that the information has been widely disseminated. Information generally would be considered widely disseminated if it has been disclosed through the Dow Jones "broad tape," newswire services, a broadcast on widely-available radio or television programs, publication in a widely-available newspaper, magazine or news website, or public disclosure documents filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") that are available on the SEC's website. By contrast, information would likely not be considered widely disseminated if it is available only to the Company's employees, or if it is only available to a select group of analysts, brokers and institutional investors. Once information is widely disseminated, it is still necessary to afford the investing public with sufficient time to absorb the information. As a general rule, information should not be considered fully absorbed by the marketplace until after the first business day after the day on which the information is released. If, for example, the Company were to make an announcement on a Monday, you should not trade in Company Securities until Wednesday. Depending on the particular circumstances, the Company may determine that a longer or shorter period should apply to the release of specific material nonpublic information.

**Transactions by Family Members and Others**

This Policy applies to your family members who reside with you (including a spouse, a child, a child away at college, stepchildren, grandchildren, parents, stepparents, grandparents, siblings and in-laws), anyone else who lives in your household, and any family members who do not live in your household but whose transactions in Company Securities are directed by you or are subject to your influence or control, such as parents or children who consult with you before they trade in Company Securities (collectively referred to as "Family Members"). You are responsible for the transactions of these Family Members and therefore should make them aware of the need to confer with you before they trade in Company Securities, and you should treat all such transactions for the purposes of this Policy and applicable securities laws as if the transactions were for your own account. This Policy does not, however, apply to personal securities transactions of Family Members where the purchase or sale decision is made by a third party not controlled by, influenced by or related to you or your Family Members.

**Transactions by Entities that You Influence or Control**

This Policy applies to any entities that you influence or control, including any corporations, partnerships or trusts (collectively referred to as "Controlled Entities"), and transactions by these Controlled Entities should be treated for the purposes of this Policy and applicable securities laws as if they were for your own account.

**Transactions Under Company Plans**

This Policy does not apply in the case of the following transactions, except as specifically noted:

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• *Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards.* This Policy does not apply to the acquisition of shares of common stock upon vesting of restricted stock or restricted stock unit awards, or the exercise of a tax withholding right pursuant to which the Company withholds shares of stock to satisfy tax withholding requirements upon the vesting of any restricted stock or restricted stock unit award. The Policy does apply, however, to any market sale of vested shares of restricted stock or restricted stock unit awards.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• *Stock Option Exercises.* This Policy does not apply to the exercise of stock options acquired pursuant to the Company's plans, or to the exercise of a tax withholding right pursuant to which the Company withholds shares subject to an option to satisfy tax withholding requirements. This Policy does apply, however, to any sale of stock as part of a broker-assisted cashless exercise of an option, or any other market sale for the purpose of generating the cash needed to pay the exercise price of an option.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• *401(k) Plan.* This Policy does not apply to purchases of Company Securities in the Company's 401(k) plan resulting from your periodic contribution of money to the plan pursuant to your payroll deduction election. This Policy does apply, however, to certain elections you may make under the 401(k) plan, including:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ an election to increase or decrease the percentage of your periodic contributions that will be allocated to the Company stock fund;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ an election to make an intra-plan transfer of an existing account balance into or out of the Company stock fund;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ an election to borrow money against your 401(k) plan account if the loan will result in a liquidation of some or all of your Company stock fund balance; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ an election to pre-pay a plan loan if the pre-payment will result in allocation of loan proceeds to the Company stock fund.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• *Other Similar Transactions.* Any other purchase of Company Securities from the Company or sales of Company Securities to the Company are not subject to this Policy.

**Transactions Not Involving a Purchase or Sale**

Transactions in mutual funds that are invested in Company Securities are not transactions subject to this Policy. *<u>However</u>*, *bona fide* gifts of securities are subject to this Policy.

**Special and Prohibited Transactions**

The Company has determined that there is a heightened legal risk and/or the appearance of improper or inappropriate conduct if the persons subject to this Policy engage in certain types of transactions. It therefore is the Company's policy that any persons covered by this Policy may not engage in any of the following transactions, or should otherwise consider the Company's preferences as described below:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• *Short-Term Trading.* Short-term trading of Company Securities may be distracting to the person and may unduly focus the person on the Company's short-term stock market performance instead of the Company's long-term business objectives. For these

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reasons, any director, officer or other employee of the Company who purchases Company Securities in the open market may not sell any Company Securities of the same class during the six months following the purchase (or vice versa).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*• Short Sales.* Short sales of Company Securities (*i.e.,* the sale of a security that the seller does not own) may evidence an expectation on the part of the seller that the securities will decline in value, and therefore have the potential to signal to the market that the seller lacks confidence in the Company's prospects. In addition, short sales may reduce a seller's incentive to seek to improve the Company's performance. For these reasons, short sales of Company Securities are prohibited. In addition, Section 16(c) of the Exchange Act prohibits officers and directors from engaging in short sales. (Short sales arising from certain types of hedging transactions are governed by the paragraph below captioned "Hedging Transactions.")

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*• Publicly-Traded Options.* Given the relatively short term of publicly-traded options, transactions in options may create the appearance that a director, officer or employee is trading based on material nonpublic information and focus a director's, officer's or other employee's attention on short-term performance at the expense of the Company's long-term objectives. Accordingly, transactions in put options, call options or other derivative securities, on an exchange or in any other organized market, are prohibited by this Policy. (Option positions arising from certain types of hedging transactions are governed by the next paragraph below.)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*• Hedging Transactions.* Hedging or monetization transactions can be accomplished through a number of possible mechanisms, including through the use of financial instruments such as prepaid variable forwards, equity swaps, collars and exchange funds. Such hedging transactions may permit a director, officer or employee to continue to own Company Securities obtained through employee benefit plans or otherwise, but without the full risks and rewards of ownership. When that occurs, the director, officer or employee may no longer have the same objectives as the Company's other shareholders. Therefore, directors, officers and employees are prohibited from engaging in any such transactions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*• Margin Accounts and Pledged Securities.* Securities held in a margin account as collateral for a margin loan may be sold by the broker without the customer's consent if the customer fails to meet a margin call. Similarly, securities pledged (or hypothecated) as collateral for a loan may be sold in foreclosure if the borrower defaults on the loan. Because a margin sale or foreclosure sale may occur at a time when the pledgor is aware of material nonpublic information or otherwise is not permitted to trade in Company Securities, directors, officers and other employees are prohibited from holding Company Securities in a margin account or otherwise pledging Company Securities as collateral for a loan. (Pledges of Company Securities arising from certain types of hedging transactions are governed by the paragraph above captioned "Hedging Transactions.")

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*• Standing and Limit Orders.* Standing and limit orders (except standing and limit orders under approved Rule 10b5-1 Plans, as described below) create heightened risks for insider trading violations similar to the use of margin accounts. There is no control over the timing of purchases or sales that result from standing instructions to a broker, and as a result the broker could execute a transaction when a director, officer or other employee is in possession of material nonpublic information. The Company therefore discourages placing standing or limit orders on Company Securities. If a person subject to this Policy determines that they must use a standing order or limit order, the order should be limited to short duration and should otherwise comply with the restrictions and procedures outlined below under the heading "Additional Procedures."

**Additional Procedures**

The Company has established additional procedures in order to assist the Company in the administration of this Policy, to facilitate compliance with laws prohibiting insider trading while in possession of material nonpublic information, and to avoid the appearance of any impropriety. These additional procedures are applicable only to those individuals described below:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• *Pre-Clearance Procedures.* The persons designated by the Compliance Officer as being subject to these procedures, as well as the Family Members and Controlled Entities of such persons, may not engage in any transaction in Company Securities without first obtaining pre-clearance of the transaction from the Compliance Officer. A request for pre-clearance should be submitted to the Compliance Officer at least three business days in advance of the proposed transaction. The Compliance Officer is under no obligation to approve a transaction submitted for pre-clearance, and may determine not to permit the transaction. If a person seeks pre-clearance and permission to engage in the transaction is denied, then he or she should refrain from initiating any transaction in Company Securities, and should not inform any other person of the restriction. When a request for pre-clearance is made, the requestor should carefully consider whether he or she may be aware of any material nonpublic information about the Company and/or its securities, and should describe fully those circumstances to the Compliance Officer. The requestor should also indicate whether he or she has effected any non-exempt "opposite-way" transactions within the past six months, and should be prepared to report the proposed transaction on an appropriate Form 4 or Form 5. The requestor should also be prepared to comply with SEC Rule 144 and file Form 144, if necessary, at the time of any sale.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*• Quarterly Trading Restrictions.* All officers of the Company and its subsidiaries, all members of the Company's Board of Directors may not conduct any transactions involving the Company's Securities (other than as specified by this Policy), during a "Blackout Period" beginning on the 15<sup>th</sup> day of the last month of each fiscal quarter and ending at the close of business on the 1<sup>st</sup> business day following the date of the public release of the Company's earnings results for that quarter. In other words, these persons may only conduct transactions in Company Securities during the "Window Period" beginning on the 2<sup>nd</sup> business day following the public release of the Company's

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quarterly earnings and ending on the 14<sup>th</sup> day of the last month of the next fiscal quarter.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*• Event-Specific Trading Restriction Periods.* From time to time, an event may occur that is material to the Company and is known by only a few directors, officers and/or employees. So long as the event remains material and nonpublic, the persons designated by the Compliance Officer may not trade Company Securities. In addition, the Company's financial results may be sufficiently material in a particular fiscal quarter that, in the judgment of the Compliance Officer, designated persons should refrain from trading in Company Securities even sooner than the typical Blackout Period described above. In that situation, the Compliance Officer may notify these persons that they should not trade in the Company's Securities, without disclosing the reason for the restriction. The existence of an event-specific trading restriction period or extension of a Blackout Period will not be announced to the Company as a whole, and should not be communicated to any other person. Even if the Compliance Officer has not designated you as a person who should not trade due to an event-specific restriction, you should not trade while aware of material nonpublic information. Exceptions will not be granted during an event-specific trading restriction period.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*• Exceptions.* The quarterly trading restrictions and event-driven trading restrictions do not apply to those transactions to which this Policy does not apply, as described above under the headings "Transactions Under Company Plans" and "Transactions Not Involving a Purchase or Sale." Further, the requirement for preclearance, the quarterly trading restrictions and event-driven trading restrictions do not apply to transactions conducted pursuant to approved Rule 10b5-1 plans, described under the heading "Rule 10b5-1 Plans."

**Rule 10b5-1 Plans**

Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act provides an affirmative defense from insider trading liability under Rule 10b-5. In order to be eligible to rely on this defense, a person subject to this Policy must enter into a Rule 10b5-1 plan for transactions in Company Securities that meets certain conditions specified in the Rule (a "Rule 10b5-1 Plan"). If the plan meets the requirements of Rule 10b5-1, Company Securities may be purchased or sold without regard to certain insider trading restrictions. To comply with this Policy, a Rule 10b5-1 Plan must be reviewed and approved by the Compliance Officer and meet the requirements of Rule 10b5-1. Any Rule 10b5-1 Plan must be submitted for approval to the Compliance Officer at least five business days prior to the entry into the Rule 10b5-1 Plan.

A 10b5-1 Plan may not be amended, modified or terminated by the person that entered into the plan without the prior approval of the Compliance Officer.

**Post-Termination Transactions**

This Policy continues to apply to transactions in Company Securities even after termination of service to the Company: an individual is in possession of material nonpublic information when

------

his or her service terminates, that individual may not trade in Company Securities until that information has become public or is no longer material. The pre-clearance procedures specified under the heading "Additional Procedures" above, however, will cease to apply to transactions in Company Securities upon the expiration of any Blackout Period or other Company-imposed trading restrictions applicable at the time of the termination of service.

**Consequences of Violations**

The purchase or sale of securities while aware of material nonpublic information, or the disclosure of material nonpublic information to others who then trade in the Company's Securities, is prohibited by federal and state laws. Insider trading violations are pursued vigorously by the SEC, U.S. Attorneys and state enforcement authorities as well as the laws of foreign jurisdictions. Punishment for insider trading violations is severe, and could include significant fines and imprisonment. While the regulatory authorities concentrate their efforts on the individuals who trade, or who tip inside information to others who trade, the federal securities laws also impose potential liability on companies and other "controlling persons" if they fail to take reasonable steps to prevent insider trading by company personnel. In addition, an individual's failure to comply with this Policy may subject the individual to Company imposed sanctions, including dismissal for cause, whether or not the employee's failure to comply results in a violation of law. Needless to say, a violation of law, or even an SEC investigation that does not result in prosecution, can tarnish a person's reputation and irreparably damage a career.

**Company Assistance**

Any person who has a question about this Policy (including Rule 10b5-1 Plans) or its application to any proposed transaction may obtain additional guidance from the Compliance Officer, who can be reached by telephone at 412.928.3400.

**Certification**

All persons subject to this Policy must certify their understanding of, and intent to comply with, this Policy.

## Ex-21

**Exhibit 21**

**SUBSIDIARIES OF L.B. FOSTER COMPANY**

(as of December 31, 2025)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| <u>Name of Corporation</u> | <u>Jurisdiction of Incorporation</u> |
| CXT Incorporated | Delaware |
| IOS Holdings, LLC | Delaware |
| L.B. Foster GmbH | Germany |
| L.B. Foster India Holdings Company | Delaware |
| L.B. Foster International Holdings Company | Delaware |
| L.B. Foster Latin America Holdings Company | Delaware |
| L.B. Foster Produtos Ferroviários do Brasil Ltda. | Brazil |
| L.B. Foster Rail Technologies, Corp. | British Columbia, Canada |
| L.B. Foster Rail Technologies, Inc. | West Virginia |
| L.B. Foster Rail Technologies (UK) Limited | United Kingdom |
| L.B. Foster Technologies (Beijing), Ltd. | China |
| Salient Systems, Inc. | Ohio |
| Skratch Enterprises Ltd. | United Kingdom |
| TEW Engineering Limited | United Kingdom |
| TEW Plus Limited | United Kingdom |

---

## Ex-23

**Exhibit 23**

**Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements on Form S-8:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)File No. 333-287501 pertaining to the L.B. Foster Company 2025 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2)File No. 333-279648 pertaining to the L.B. Foster Company 2022 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan as Amended and Restated May 23, 2024,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3)File No. 333-265362 pertaining to the L.B. Foster Company 2022 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4)File No. 333-226502 pertaining to the L.B. Foster Company 401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5)File No. 333-226501 (as amended by Post-Effective Amendment No. 1) pertaining to the L.B. Foster Company 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6)File No. 333-211749 pertaining to the L.B. Foster Company 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(7)File No. 333-208812 pertaining to Chemtec Energy Services 401(k) Plan,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(8)File No. 333-180118 pertaining to the L.B. Foster Company 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(9)File No. 333-159470 pertaining to the L.B. Foster Company Savings Plan for Bargaining Unit Employees,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(10)File No. 333-135002 (as amended by Post-Effective Amendment No. 1) pertaining to the L.B. Foster Company 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan as Amended and Restated, and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(11)File No. 333-65885 pertaining to the L.B. Foster Company Voluntary Investment Plan, and Retirement Savings Plan for Non-Union Hourly Employees

of our reports dated March 5, 2026, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of L.B. Foster Company and subsidiaries and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of L.B. Foster Company and subsidiaries included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of L.B. Foster Company and subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2025.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

March 5, 2026

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

**Certification under Section 302 of the**

**Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

I, John F. Kasel, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of L. B. Foster Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | **<u>March 5, 2026</u>** | **<u>/s/ John F. Kasel</u>** |
| | | Name: John F. Kasel |
| | | Title: President and Chief Executive Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**Certification under Section 302 of the**

**Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

I, William M. Thalman, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of L. B. Foster Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | **<u>March 5, 2026</u>** | **<u>/s/ William M. Thalman</u>** |
| | | Name: William M. Thalman |
| | | Title: Executive Vice President<br>and Chief Financial Officer |

---

## Exhibit 32.0

**Exhibit 32.0**

**CERTIFICATE PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Annual Report of L. B. Foster Company (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned certify pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.The information contained in this Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | **<u>March 5, 2026</u>** | **<u>/s/ John F. Kasel</u>** |
| | | Name: John F. Kasel |
| | | Title: President and Chief Executive Officer |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | **<u>March 5, 2026</u>** | **<u>/s/ William M. Thalman</u>** |
| | | Name: William M. Thalman |
| | | Title: Executive Vice President<br>and Chief Financial Officer |

---

## Ex-97

**Exhibit 97**

**L.B. Foster Company**

**Amended and Restated Executive Recoupment Policy**

**Effective October 2, 2023**

**Purpose**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As required pursuant to the listing standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the "***Stock Exchange***"), Section 10D of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "***Exchange Act***"), and Rule 10D-1 under the Exchange Act, the Compensation Committee (the "***Committee***") of the Board of Directors (the "***Board***") of L.B. Foster Company (the "***Company***") has adopted this Amended and Restated Executive Recoupment Policy (the "***Policy***") to empower the Company to recover Covered Compensation (as defined below) erroneously awarded to a Covered Officer (as defined below) in the event of an Accounting Restatement (as defined below).

Notwithstanding anything in this Policy to the contrary, at all times, this Policy remains subject to interpretation and operation in accordance with the final rules and regulations promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "***SEC***"), the final listing standards adopted by the Stock Exchange, and any applicable SEC or Stock Exchange guidance or interpretations issued from time to time regarding such Covered Compensation recovery requirements (collectively, the "***Final Guidance***"). Questions regarding this Policy should be directed to the Executive Vice President, Human Resources and Administration.

**Policy Statement**<br>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unless a Clawback Exception (as defined below) applies, the Company will recover reasonably promptly from each Covered Officer the Covered Compensation Received (as defined below) by such Covered Officer in the event that the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period (each, an "***Accounting Restatement***"). If a Clawback Exception applies with respect to a Covered Officer, the Company may forgo such recovery under this Policy from such Covered Officer.

**Covered Officers**<br>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For purposes of this Policy, "***Covered Officer***" is defined as any current or former "Section 16 officer" of the Company within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act, as determined by the Board or the Committee. Covered Officers include, at a minimum, "executive officers" as defined in Rule 3b-7 under the Exchange Act and identified under Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K.

**Covered Compensation** <br>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For purposes of this Policy:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "***Covered Compensation***" is defined as the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation (as defined below) Received during the applicable Recovery Period (as defined below) that exceeds the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation that otherwise would have been Received during such Recovery Period had it been determined based on the relevant restated amounts, and computed without regard to any taxes paid.

Incentive-Based Compensation Received by a Covered Officer will only qualify as Covered Compensation if: (i) it is Received after such Covered Officer begins service as a Covered Officer; (ii) such Covered Officer served as a Covered Officer at any time during the performance period for such Incentive-Based Compensation; and (iii) it is Received while the Company has a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange or a national securities association.

For Incentive-Based Compensation based on stock price or total shareholder return, where the amount of erroneously awarded Covered Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in an Accounting Restatement, the amount of such Incentive-Based Compensation that is deemed to be Covered Compensation will be based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Accounting Restatement on the stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive-Based Compensation was Received, and the Company will maintain and provide to the Stock Exchange documentation of the determination of such reasonable estimate.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "***Incentive-Based Compensation***" is defined as any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure (as defined below). For purposes of clarity, Incentive-Based Compensation includes compensation that is in any plan, other than tax-qualified retirement plans, including long term disability, life insurance, and supplemental executive retirement plans, and any other compensation that is based on such Incentive-Based Compensation, such as earnings accrued on notional amounts of Incentive-Based Compensation contributed to such plans.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• "***Financial Reporting Measure***" is defined as a measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company's financial statements, and any measures that are derived wholly or in part from such measures. Stock price and total shareholder return are also Financial Reporting Measures.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Incentive-Based Compensation is deemed "***Received***" in the Company's fiscal period during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive-Based Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive-Based Compensation occurs after the end of that period.

**Recovery Period**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For purposes of this Policy, the applicable "***Recovery Period***" is defined as the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the Trigger Date (as defined below) and, if applicable, any transition period resulting from a change in the Company's fiscal year within or immediately following those three completed fiscal years (provided, however, that if a transition period between the last day of the Company's previous fiscal year end and the first day of its new fiscal year comprises a period of nine to 12 months, such period would be deemed to be a completed fiscal year).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For purposes of this Policy, the "***Trigger Date***" as of which the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement is the earlier to occur of: (i) the date that the Board, applicable Board committee, or officers authorized to take action if Board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare the Accounting Restatement or (ii) the date a court, regulator, or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare the Accounting Restatement.

**Clawback Exceptions**

**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**The Company is required to recover all Covered Compensation Received by a Covered Officer in the event of an Accounting Restatement unless (i) one of the following conditions are met and (ii) the Committee has made a determination that recovery would be impracticable in accordance with Rule 10D-1 under the Exchange Act (under such circumstances, a "***Clawback Exception***" applies):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• the direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing this Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered (and the Company has already made a reasonable attempt to recover such erroneously awarded Covered Compensation from such Covered Officer, has documented such reasonable attempt(s) to recover, and has provided such documentation to the Stock Exchange);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• recovery would violate home country law that was adopted prior to November 28, 2022 (and the Company has already obtained an opinion of home country counsel, acceptable to the Stock Exchange, that recovery would result in such a violation, and provided such opinion to the Stock Exchange); or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of Section 401(a)(13) or Section 411(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and regulations thereunder. For purposes of clarity, this Clawback Exception only applies to tax-qualified retirement plans and does not apply to other plans, including long term disability, life insurance, and supplemental executive retirement plans, or any other compensation that is based on Incentive-Based Compensation in such plans, such as earnings accrued on notional amounts of Incentive-Based Compensation contributed to such plans.

**Prohibitions**

**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**The Company is prohibited from paying or reimbursing the cost of insurance for, or indemnifying, any Covered Officer against the loss of erroneously awarded Covered Compensation.

**Administration and Interpretation**

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Committee will administer this Policy in accordance with the Final Guidance, and will have full and exclusive authority and discretion to supplement, amend, repeal, interpret, terminate, construe, modify, replace and/or enforce (in whole or in part) this Policy, including the authority to correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any ambiguity, inconsistency or conflict in the Policy, subject to the Final Guidance. This Policy is in addition to and is not intended to change or interpret any federal or state law or regulation, including the Pennsylvania Business Corporation Law, the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, or the Bylaws of the Company. The Committee will review the Policy from time to time and will have full and exclusive authority to take any action it deems appropriate.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Committee will have the authority to offset any compensation or benefit amounts that become due to the applicable Covered Officers to the extent permissible under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and as it deems necessary or desirable to recover any Covered Compensation.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each Covered Officer, upon being so designated or assuming such position, is required to execute and deliver to the Executive Vice President, Human Resources and Administration a signature page to this Policy (i) acknowledging and consenting to be bound by the terms of this Policy, (ii) agreeing to fully cooperate with the Company in connection with any of such Covered Officer's obligations to the Company pursuant to this Policy, and (iii) agreeing that the Company may enforce its rights under this Policy through any and all reasonable means permitted under applicable law as it deems necessary or desirable under this Policy.

**Disclosure**

**&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**This Policy, and any recovery of Covered Compensation by the Company pursuant to this Policy that is required to be disclosed in the Company's filings with the SEC, will be disclosed as required by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Exchange Act, and related rules and regulations, including the Final Guidance.

------

**L.B. Foster Company**

**Amended and Restated Executive Recoupment Policy Acknowledgment and Consent**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The undersigned hereby acknowledges that he or she has received and reviewed a copy of the Amended and Restated Executive Recoupment Policy (the "***Policy***") of L.B. Foster Company (the "***Company***"), effective as of December 1, 2023, as adopted by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pursuant to such Policy, the undersigned hereby:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• acknowledges that he or she has been designated as (or assumed the position of) a Covered Officer (as defined in the Policy);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• acknowledges and consents to the Policy;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• acknowledges and consents to be bound by the terms of the Policy;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• agrees to fully cooperate with the Company in connection with any of the undersigned's obligations to the Company pursuant to the Policy, including, without limitation, the repayment by or recovery from the undersigned of Covered Compensation (as defined in the Policy); and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• agrees that the Company may enforce its rights under the Policy through any and all reasonable means permitted under applicable law as the Company deems necessary or desirable under the Policy.

**ACKNOWLEDGED AND AGREED:**

<u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</u>

Name:

Date:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

*L.B. Foster Company Amended and Restated Executive Recoupment Policy Acknowledgement and Consent*