# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001589149
**File Stem:** 0001493152-25-024192
**Filing Date:** 2025-11
**Character Count:** 241025
**Document Hash:** b0c5d41f895e62899d19a107e99a92e0
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001493152-25-024192.hdr.sgml**: 20251119

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001493152-25-024192

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 95

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250331

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251119

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20251119

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001589149
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** WHOLESALE-METALS SERVICE CENTERS & OFFICES [5051]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 07 Trade & Services
- **EIN:** 462612944
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-41452
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251497863

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 4016 RAINTREE RD,
- **STREET 2:** STE 300
- **CITY:** CHESAPEAKE
- **STATE:** VA
- **ZIP:** 23321
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** (800) 490-5020

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 4016 RAINTREE RD,
- **STREET 2:** STE 300
- **CITY:** CHESAPEAKE
- **STATE:** VA
- **ZIP:** 23321

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** MassRoots, Inc.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20131011

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-Q**

☒ **QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1934**

**For the period ended March 31, 2025**

**OR**

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from ___________to ____________**

**Commission File Number 001-41452**

![](form10-q_001.jpg)

**GREENWAVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, INC.**

*(Exact name of business as specified in its charter)*

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **46-2612944** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of<br> incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer<br> Identification No.) |
| **4016 Raintree Rd** **, Ste 300, Chesapeake, VA** | **23321** |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) |

---

**(800)** **966-1432**

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share | GWAV | The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
| Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 19, 2025, there were 829,631 shares of the registrant's common stock issued and outstanding.

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 1. | Financial Statements |  |
|  | [Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024](#G_001) | 1 |
|  | [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)](#G_002) | 2 |
|  | [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)](#G_003) | 3 |
|  | [Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)](#G_004) | 5 |
|  | [Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)](#G_005) | 6 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 2. | [Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#G_006) | 33 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 3. | [Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk](#G_007) | 37 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 4. | [Controls and Procedures](#G_008) | 37 |
| [PART II. OTHER INFORMATION](#G_009) | [PART II. OTHER INFORMATION](#G_009) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 1. | [Legal Proceedings](#G_010) | 38 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 1A. | [Risk Factors](#G_011) | 38 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 2. | [Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds](#G_012) | 38 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 3. | [Defaults Upon Senior Securities](#G_013) | 38 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 4. | [Mine Safety Disclosures](#G_014) | 38 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 5. | [Other Information](#G_015) | 38 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ITEM 6. | [Exhibits](#A_001) | 39 |
| [SIGNATURES](#A_002) | [SIGNATURES](#A_002) | 42 |

---

i

**CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the "Exchange Act") that are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to management, and which statements involve substantial risk and uncertainties. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, market growth and trends, and objectives for future operations are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "could," "intends," "target," "projects," "contemplates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," or "continue" or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans or intentions.

These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may, and are likely to, differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements due to numerous factors, including those set forth in "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and our other filings with SEC. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things:

● Changing conditions in global markets including the impact of sanctions and tariffs, quotas and other trade actions and import restrictions which may adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

● Changes in the availability or price of inputs such as raw materials and end-of-life vehicles which could reduce our sales.

● Significant decreases in scrap metal prices which may adversely impact our operating results.

● Imbalances in supply and demand conditions in the global steel industry which may reduce demand for our products.

● Impairment of long-lived assets and equity investments which may adversely affect our operating results.

● Governmental agencies' refusal to grant or renew our licenses and permits, thus restricting our ability to operate.

Compliance with existing and future climate change and greenhouse gas emission laws and regulations which may adversely impact our operating results.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we disclaim any obligation to publicly update or release any revisions to these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by applicable law.

ii

**GREENWAVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **March 31,** | **December 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** | |
| ASSETS |  |  |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash | $5501755 | $2576464 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories, net | 4555050 | 2889682 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts | 2277869 | 1254390 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | 288445 | 921580 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current assets | $12623119 | 7642116 |
| Property and equipment, net | 26254138 | 25596856 |
| Property and equipment, net - Purchased from Related Party | 11448399 | 11834807 |
| Operating lease right of use assets, net | 968066 | 1048070 |
| Licenses, net | 13828100 | 14359950 |
| Customer list, net | 1455350 | 1511325 |
| Intellectual property, net | 910800 | 1062600 |
| Security deposit | 31893 | 31893 |
| Total assets | $67519865 | $63087617 |
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bank overdraft | $459501 | $231696 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 5421674 | 5893351 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued payroll and related expenses | 3946410 | 3946410 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-convertible notes payable, current portion, net of unamortized debt discount of $821,167 and $633,396, respectively | 2344320 | 2505360 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock subscription payable | 1334800 | - |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Related party note payable | 5391859 | 7691859 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Due to related parties | 862266 | 495354 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease obligations, current portion | 341246 | 331545 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current liabilities | 20102076 | 21095575 |
| Operating lease obligations, less current portion | 702355 | 773820 |
| Non-convertible notes payable, net of unamortized debt discount of $1,629,009 and $1,076,554, respectively | 5182384 | 4263239 |
| Total liabilities | 25986815 | 26132634 |
| Commitments and contingencies (See Note 11) |  |  |
| Stockholders' equity: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock - 10,000,000 shares authorized: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preferred stock - Series A-1, $0.001 par value, $100,000 stated value, 450,000 shares authorized; 450,000and 450,000 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 450 | 450 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common stock, $0.001 par value, 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 519,723 and 237,191 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 520 | 237 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additional paid in capital | 545510129 | 533266642 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated deficit | (503978049) | (496312346) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total stockholders' equity | 41533050 | 36954983 |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $67519865 | $63087617 |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.*

 

 

**GREENWAVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS**

***(Unaudited)***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Three Months Ended March 31,** | **For the Three Months Ended March 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Revenues | $7333710 | $8504777 |
| Cost of Revenues | 3847047 | 5240516 |
| Gross Profit | 3486663 | 3264261 |
| Operating Expenses: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advertising | 53399 | 2374 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payroll and related expense | 1974485 | 1738028 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rent, utilities and property maintenance ($75,622 and $192,720, respectively, to related-party) | 216689 | 443872 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hauling and equipment maintenance | 1273857 | 601562 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization expense | 2119243 | 1638815 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock based compensation for services | 100000 | 288900 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Consulting, accounting and legal | 423563 | 612271 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Loss on asset | (39535) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock compensation |  | 20833 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other general and administrative expenses | 1246469 | 729330 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Operating Expenses | 7368170 | 6075985 |
| Loss From Operations | (3881507) | (2811724) |
| Other Income (Expense): |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense and amortization of debt discount | (810853) | (2194229) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income | 26621 | 1351 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equity issued for warrant inducement |  | (3029927) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on conversion of convertible notes |  | 24198 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares Issued for Financing | - | (52183) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Other Expense | (784232) | (5250790) |
| Net Loss Before Income Taxes | (4665739) | (8062514) |
| Provision for Income Taxes (Benefit) | - | - |
| Net Loss | (4665739) | (8062514) |
| Deemed dividend for the reduction of exercise price of warrants | (2999964) | (1444324) |
| Deemed dividend for the reduction of the conversion price of a debt note |  | (23953940) |
| Net Loss Available to Common Stockholders | $(7665703) | $(33460778) |
| Net Loss Per Common Share: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $(17.85) | $(26472.13) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $(17.85) | $(26472.13) |
| Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 429551 | 1264 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 429551 | 1264 |

---

 ****

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.*

**GREENWAVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY**

**FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025**

***(Unaudited)***

---

| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Preferred Stock** | **Preferred Stock** | **Preferred Stock** | **Preferred Stock** | | | | | |
|  | **Series D to be Issued** | **Series D to be Issued** | **Series A-1** | **Series A-1** | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | | | |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** |<br>**Additional Paid**<br>**In Capital** |<br>**Accumulated**<br>**Deficit** |<br>**Total** |
| Balance at December 31, 2024 |  | $&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;- | 450000 | $450 | 237191 | $237 | $533266642 | $(496312346) | $36954983 |
| Common stock and warrants issued for cash, net of fees |  |  |  |  | 224039 | 224 | 9143582 |  | $9143806 |
| Common stock issued for cashless exchange of warrants |  |  |  |  | 55066 | 55 | (55) |  | $- |
| Deemed dividend for the reduction of the exercise price of warrants |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2999964 | (2999964) | $- |
| Common stock issued for services rendered |  |  |  |  | 3427 | 4 | 99996 |  | $100000 |
| Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4665739) | $(4665739) |
| Balance at March 31, 2025 |  | $— | 450000 | $450 | 519723 | $520 | $545510129 | $(503978049) | $41533050 |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.*

**GREENWAVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)**

**FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024**

***(Unaudited)***

---

| | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Preferred Stock** | **Preferred Stock** | | | | | | | | |
|  | **Series D to be Issued** | **Series D to be Issued** | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock to be Issued** | **Common Stock to be Issued** | | | | |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** |<br>**Subscription**<br>**Receivable** |<br>**Additional Paid**<br>**In Capital** |<br>**Accumulated**<br>**Deficit** |<br>**Total** |
| Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | $- | 1028 | $1 |  | $- | $- | $391412008 | $(395866157) | $(4454148) |
| Exchange of non-convertible note into shares of Series D Preferred | 1000 | $1 |  |  |  |  |  | $9999999 |  | $10000000 |
| Common stock issued for the conversion of convertible debt notes |  |  | 658 | $1 |  | $- | $- | $2042541 |  | $2042542 |
| Common stock issued for the exercise of warrants for cash |  |  | 972 | $1 | 15 | $1 | $(67923) | $2834739 |  | $2766818 |
| Stock based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $288900 |  | $288900 |
| Equity issued for warrant inducement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $3029927 |  | $3029927 |
| Deemed dividend for the reduction of the conversion price of a debt note |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $23953940 | $(23953940) |  |
| Deemed dividend for the reduction of the exercise price of warrants |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $1444324 | $(1444324) |  |
| Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $(8062514) | $(8062514) |
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | 1000 | $1 | 2658 | $3 | 15 | $1 | $(67923) | $435006378 | $(429326935) | $5611525 |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.*

**GREENWAVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASHFLOWS**

***(Unaudited)***

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Three Months Ended March 31,** | **For the Three Months Ended March 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** |
| Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
| Net loss | $(4665739) | $(8062514) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets | 2119243 | 1638815 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of right of use assets, net - related-party |  | 24980 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of right of use assets, net | 80004 | 48935 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest and amortization of debt discount | 810853 | 2194229 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on conversion of debt |  | (24198) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on disposal of assets | (39535) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock based compensation for services | 100000 | 288900 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock based compensation |  | 20833 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equity issued for warrant inducement |  | 3029927 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued for Financing |  | 52183 |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Due to related party | 256840 | (903462) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories | (1665367) | (199791) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | (1023478) | (296832) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | 633136 | 113261 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (886108) | (1649694) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued payroll and related expenses | 180501 | 328781 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Principal payments made on operating lease liability - related-party |  | (39791) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Principal payments made on operating lease liability | (61764) | (25385) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash used in operating activities | (4161414) | (3460823) |
| Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of property and equipment | (210500) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Disposal of asset | 152000 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash used in investing activities | (58500) | - |
| Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from warrant exercises |  | 2574679 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from sales of common stock and warrants | 9143806 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash received but shares in abeyance | 1334800 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment of convertible notes payable |  | (1497083) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bank overdrafts | 227806 | 179501 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment of a non-convertible notes payable | (1261207) | (456776) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment of non-convertible notes payable - related party | (2300000) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from factoring |  | 2843950 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayments of factoring | - | (1016389) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash provided by financing activities | 7145205 | 2627882 |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash | 2925291 | (832941) |
| Cash, beginning of year | 2576464 | 1546159 |
| Cash, end of period | $5501755 | $713218 |
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid during period for interest | $26500 | $309170 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid during period for taxes | $- | $- |
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deemed dividend for conversion price reduction of note | $2999964 | $23953940 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-convertible notes settled with disposal of property and equipment | $2344000 | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equipment purchased by issuance of non-convertible notes payable | $3896457 | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deemed dividend for exercise price reduction of warrants | $- | $1444324 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common shares issued for cashless exchange of warrants | $55 | $- |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exchange of notes to Series D Preferred | $- | $10000000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase in right of use assets and operating lease liabilities | $- | $1070298 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Common shares issued upon conversion of convertible notes and accrued interest | $- | $18789 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Legal fees paid out of warrant exercise | $- | $139955 |

---

*The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.*

**GREENWAVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, INC.**

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2025 (Unaudited)

**NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION**

Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. ("Greenwave" or the "Company") was incorporated in the State of Delaware on April 26, 2013 as a technology platform developer under the name MassRoots, Inc. The Company sold its social media assets in October 2021 and has discontinued all operations related to this business. On September 30, 2021, we closed our acquisition of Empire Services, Inc. ("Empire"), which operates 13 metal recycling facilities in Virginia, North Carolina, and Ohio. The acquisition was effective October 1, 2021 upon the effectiveness of the Certificate of Merger in Virginia.

In December 2022, we began offering hauling services to corporate clients. We haul sand, dirt, asphalt, metal, and other materials in a fleet of approximately 75 trucks which we own, manage, and maintain.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Empire Services, Inc., Liverman Metal Recycling, Inc., Empire Staffing, LLC, Scrap App, Inc., and Greenwave Elite Sports Facility, Inc., our wholly owned subsidiaries.

**Basis of Presentation**

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. In the opinion of the Company's management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments and reclassifications and non-recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the Company's results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, its cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and its financial position as of March 31, 2025 have been made. The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full year.

Certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to the annual consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted from these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025 (the "Annual Report"). The December 31, 2024 balance sheet is derived from those statements.

**NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT'S LIQUIDITY PLANS**

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had cash of $5,501,755 and a working capital deficit (current liabilities in excess of current assets) of $(7,478,957). The accumulated deficit as of March 31, 2025 was $(503,978,049). These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

If the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its stockholders would experience dilution. Additional debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting its operations or its ability to incur additional debt. Any additional debt financing or additional equity that the Company raises may contain terms that are not favorable to it or its stockholders and require significant debt service payments, which diverts resources from other activities. The Company's ability to raise additional capital will be impacted by market conditions and the price of the Company's common stock.

Accordingly, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business for one year from the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not necessarily purport to represent realizable or settlement values. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

**NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES**

**Principles of Consolidation**

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

**Use of Estimates**

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates include estimates used in the calculation of stock-based compensation, payroll tax liabilities with interest and penalties, deemed dividends, assumptions used in right-of-use and lease liability calculations, valuations and impairments of goodwill estimated useful life of long-lived assets and finite life tangible assets, and the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

**Fair Value of Financial Instruments**

The Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Subtopic 825-10, "Financial Instruments" ("ASC 825-10") requires disclosure of the fair value of certain financial instruments. The estimated fair value of certain financial instruments, including cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are carried at historical cost basis, which approximates their fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. All other significant financial assets, financial liabilities and equity instruments of the Company are either recognized or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements together with other information relevant for making a reasonable assessment of future cash flows, interest rate risk and credit risk.

The Company follows ASC 825-10, which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value.

**Cash**

For purposes of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash in banks insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in accounts that at times may be in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000 per bank. The Company minimizes this risk by placing its cash deposits with major financial institutions. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the uninsured balances amounted to $5,248,598 and $2,363,785, respectively.

**Property and Equipment, net**

We state property and equipment at cost or, if acquired through a business combination, fair value at the date of acquisition. We calculate depreciation and amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, except for our leasehold improvements, which are depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or their related lease term. Upon the sale or retirement of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from our accounts and the resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to income. We expense costs for repairs and maintenance when incurred. Our property and equipment is pledged as collateral for certain non-convertible notes, see *Note 8 – Advances and Non-Convertible Notes Payable*.

**Cost of Revenue**

The Company's cost of revenue consists primarily of the costs of purchasing metal from its suppliers, direct costs of providing hauling costs to customers, and cost of other revenue, including sand.

**Related Party Transactions**

Parties are considered related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. See *Note 18 – Related Party Transactions*.

**Leases**

The Company accounts for its leases under ASC 842, Leases. Under this guidance, arrangements meeting the definition of a lease are classified as operating or financing leases and are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as both a right of use asset and lease liability, calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company's incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the right of use asset is amortized over the lease term. For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the right of use asset result in straight-line rent expense over the lease term. Variable lease expenses, if any, are recorded when incurred.

In calculating the right of use asset and lease liability, the Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components. The Company excluded short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or less from the new guidance as an accounting policy election and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. See *Note 12 – Leases*.

**Commitments and Contingencies**

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. Except as set forth below, we are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. See *Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies*.

**Revenue Recognition**

The Company's revenues are accounted for under ASC Topic 606, "Revenue From Contracts With Customers" ("ASC 606") and generally do not require significant estimates or judgments based on the nature of the Company's revenue streams. The sales prices are generally fixed at the point of sale and all consideration from contracts is included in the transaction price. The Company's contracts do not include multiple performance obligations or material variable consideration.

In accordance with ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with that core principle by applying the following:

(i) Identify
 the contract(s) with a customer;

(ii) Identify
 the performance obligation in the contract;

(iii) Determine
 the transaction price;

(iv) Allocate
 the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

(v) Recognize
 revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company primarily generates revenue by purchasing scrap metal from businesses and retail suppliers, processing it, and selling the ferrous and non-ferrous metals to customers. The Company also provides hauling services to certain corporate clients. The Company realizes revenue upon the fulfilment of its performance obligations to customers.

**Accounts Receivable**

Accounts receivable represent amounts primarily due from customers on products and services rendered. These accounts receivable, which are reduced by an allowance for credit losses, are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company extends credit to customers under contracts containing customary and explicit payment terms, and payment is generally required within 1 to 30 days of shipment or the services being rendered.

The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable based on a combination of factors, including whether sales, the aging of customer receivable balances, historical collection rates, and economic trends. Management uses this evaluation to estimate the amount of customer receivables that may not be collected in the future and records a provision for expected credit losses. Accounts are written off when all efforts to collect have been exhausted. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the accounts receivable balances amounted to $2,277,869 and $1,254,390, respectively.

**Inventories**

Although we ship the ferrous and non-ferrous metals we purchase from suppliers multiple times per day, we do maintain inventories. We calculate the value of the inventories on hand, which consist of processed and unprocessed scrap metal (ferrous and nonferrous), used and salvaged vehicles, and supplies, based on the net realizable value or the cost of the inventories, whichever is less. We calculate the cost of the inventory based on the first-in-first-out (FIFO) methodology. We calculate the value of finished products based on their net realizable value as their cost basis is not readily available. The value of our inventories was $4,555,050 and $2,889,682, respectively, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. See *Note 5 – Inventories*.

**Advertising**

The Company charges the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. Advertising costs were $53,399 and $2,374 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

**Stock-Based Compensation**

Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date fair value of the award and is expensed over the requisite service period. For stock-based awards to employees, non-employees and directors, the Company calculates the fair value of the award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date under this model requires judgment, including estimating volatility, employee stock option exercise behaviors and forfeiture rates. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent the Company's best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management's judgment.

**Income Taxes**

The Company follows ASC Subtopic 740-10, "Income Taxes" ("ASC 740-10") for recording the provision for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based upon the difference between the financial statement and income tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate applicable when the related asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled. Deferred income tax expenses or benefits are based on the changes in the asset or liability during each period.

If available evidence suggests that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is required to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Future changes in such valuation allowance are included in the provision for deferred income taxes in the period of change. Deferred income taxes may arise from temporary differences resulting from income and expense items reported for financial accounting and tax purposes in different periods.

**Deemed Dividends**

The Company records, when necessary, deemed dividends for: (i) warrant price protection, based on the difference between the fair value of the warrants immediately before and after the repricing (inclusive of any full ratchet provisions); (ii) the exchange of preferred shares for convertible notes, based on the amount of the face value of the convertible notes in excess of the carrying value of the preferred shares; (iii) the settlement of warrant provisions, based on the fair value of the common shares issued; and (iv) amortization of discount on preferred stock resulting from recognition of a beneficial conversion feature.

**Environmental Remediation Liability**

The operations of the Company, like those of other companies in its industry, are subject to various domestic and foreign environmental laws and regulations. These laws and regulations not only govern current operations and products, but also impose potential liability on the Company for past operations. Management expects environmental laws and regulations to impose increasingly stringent requirements upon the Company and the industry in the future. Management believes that the Company conducts its operations in compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations and has implemented various programs designed to protect the environment and promote continued compliance.

The Company continuously assesses its potential liability for remediation-related activities and adjusts its environmental-related accruals as information becomes available upon which more accurate costs can be reasonably estimated and as additional accounting guidelines are issued. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had accruals reported on the balance sheet as current liabilities of $0 and $0, respectively.

Actual costs incurred may vary from the accrued estimates due to the inherent uncertainties involved including, among others, the nature and magnitude of the wastes involved, the various technologies that can be used for remediation and the determination of acceptable remediation with respect to a particular site. Additionally, costs for environmental-related activities may not be reasonably estimable and therefore would not be included in our current liabilities.

**Long-Lived Assets**

The Company reviews its property and equipment and any identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The test for impairment is required to be performed by management at least annually. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted operating cash flow expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Intangible assets are stated at cost and reviewed annually to examine any impairments, usually assuming an estimated useful life of five to ten years. When retired or otherwise disposed, the related carrying value and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and the net difference less any amount realized from disposition, is reflected in earnings. The estimated useful lives of the Intellectual Property, Customer List, and Licenses assumed in the Empire acquisition is 5 years, 10 years, and 10 years, respectively. See *Note 7 – Amortization of Intangible Assets*.

**Segment Reporting**

The Company determines its operating segments in accordance with ASC 280, as updated by ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. Operating segments are defined as components of the business for which discrete financial information is available and that are regularly reviewed by the Chief Executive Officer, the Company's chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), in assessing performance and allocating resources.

In accordance with ASU 2023-07, the Company has evaluated the nature of information regularly provided to the CODM, including measures of profit or loss and resource allocation. The CODM reviews financial information on a consolidated basis, and the Company operates as a single reportable segment that reflects its core business operations. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 for the year ended December 31, 2024. Additional information is provided in *Note 19 – Segment Reporting*.

**Net Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share**

The Company computes earnings (loss) per share under ASC subtopic 260-10, Earnings Per Share. Net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share, if presented, would include the dilution that would occur upon the exercise or conversion of all potentially dilutive securities into common stock using the "treasury stock" and/or "if converted" methods, as applicable.

The computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 excludes potentially dilutive securities when their inclusion would be anti-dilutive, or if their exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common stock during the period.

Potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **March 31,**<br>**2025** | **March 31,**<br>**2024** |
| Common shares issuable upon conversion of convertible notes |  | 5580 |
| Options to purchase common shares | 206 | 6 |
| Warrants to purchase common shares | 103319 | 1983 |
| Common shares issuable upon conversion of preferred stock | 233875 | 712 |
| Total potentially dilutive shares | 337400 | 8281 |

---

On May 31, 2024, the Company completed 1-for-150 reverse stock split. Pursuant to GAAP, the Company retrospectively recasted and restated the weighted-average shares included within its consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The basic and diluted weighted-average common shares are retroactively converted to shares of the Company's common stock to conform to the recasted consolidated statements of stockholders' equity.

On August 20, 2025, the Company completed a 1-for-110 reverse split. Pursuant to GAAP, the Company retrospectively recasted and restated the weighted-average shares included within its consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and year ended December 31, 2024. The basic and diluted weighted-average common shares are retroactively converted to shares of the Company's common stock to conform to the recasted consolidated statements of stockholders' equity.

**Recent Accounting Pronouncements**

***Income Taxes***

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, *Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures* ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 requires enhanced disclosures surrounding income taxes, particularly related to rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. In particular, on an annual basis, companies will be required to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Companies will also be required to disclose, on an annual basis, the amount of income taxes paid, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes, and also disaggregated by individual jurisdictions above a quantitative threshold. The standard is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025 on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted for all prior periods presented. The Company will adopt ASU 2023-09 for the annual period ending December 31, 2025 and is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its disclosures.

***Segment Reporting***

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07, *Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures* ("ASU 2023-07"). ASU 2023-07 requires enhanced disclosures surrounding reportable segments, particularly (i) significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included in the reported measure(s) of a segment's profit and loss and (ii) other segment items that reconcile segment revenue and significant expenses to the reported measure(s) of a segment's profit and loss, both on an annual and interim basis. Companies are also required to provide all annual disclosures currently required under Topic 280 in interim periods, in addition to disclosing the title and position of the CODM and how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit and loss in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 for the year ended December 31, 2024.

***Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses***

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2024-03, *Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)* ("ASU 2024-03"). ASU 2024-03 requires specified information about certain costs and expenses be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements, including the expense caption on the face of the income statement in which they are disclosed, in addition to a qualitative description of remaining amounts not separately disaggregated. Entities will also be required to disclose their definition of "selling expenses" and the total amount in each annual period. The standard is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2027 and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2028, with updates applied either prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its disclosures.

There are other various updates recently issued, most of which represented technical corrections to the accounting literature or application to specific industries and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

**NOTE 4 – CONCENTRATIONS OF RISK**

Cost of Revenues

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no supplier accounted for more than 5% of the Company's cost of revenues.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, one supplier accounted for $442,674, or approximately 12% of the Company's cost of revenues.

Accounts Receivable

The Company has a concentration of credit risk with its accounts receivable balance. At December 31, 2024, six certain large customers individually accounted for $156,535, $145,703, $140,978, $130,518, $109,900, $83,387, and $67,214, or 12.48%, 11.62%, 11.24%,10.40%, 8.76%, 6.65%, and 5.36%, respectively.

At March 31, 2025, six large customers individually accounted for $397,783, $351,738, $291,163, $251,068, $206,584 and $123,823, or approximately 17.46%, 15.44%, 12.78%, 11.02%, 9.07% and 5.44% respectively.

Customer Concentrations

The Company has a concentration of customers. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, two customers individually accounted for $5,688,064 and $478,248, or approximately 67% and 6% of our revenues, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, two customers individually accounted for $3,569,600 and $590,418, or approximately 49% and 8% of our revenues, respectively.

The Company's sales are concentrated in the Virginia and northeastern North Carolina markets.

**NOTE 5 – INVENTORIES**

Inventories consisted of the following as of:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **March 31,**<br>**2025** | **December 31,**<br>**2024** |
| Processed and unprocessed scrap metal | $4555050 | $2889682 |
| Finished products | - | - |
| Inventories | $4555050 | $2889682 |

---

**NOTE 6 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT**

On December 2, 2024, the Company entered into a Contract of Sale (the "Contract of Sale") with DWM Properties LLC ("DWM"), KPAJ, LLC and Oceana Salvage Properties, L.L.C. (collectively, the "Sellers"), in each case, an entity affiliated with Danny Meeks, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase the Premises (as defined in the Contract of Sale) held by the Sellers for an aggregate purchase price of $15,000,000, to be allocated among the seven parcels comprising the Premises and the Licenses and Permits (as defined in the Contract of Sale), as more fully described in the Contract of Sale. The transaction closed on December 2, 2024.

The purchase price is paid by (i) the issuance of an aggregate of 450,000 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the "Preferred Stock"), to the Sellers at an aggregate valuation of $3,300,084 and (ii) the issuance of a promissory note payable to DWM (the "DWM Note") in the aggregate principal amount of $11,699,916. The DWM Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum, and is payable in equal installments of $2,983,309 on each of December 31, 2024, January 31, 2025, February 28, 2025 and March 31, 2025 (each, a "Payment Date"); provided, that if payment on a Payment Date would cause the Company's cash balance to be less than $3,000,000, then such Payment Date and each subsequent Payment Date shall be extended by 30 days. The Company shall make all payments owed under the DWM Note within 12 months from the date of issuance. In addition, if the Company exercises a 30 day extension of any payment, the Company is required to furnish to DWM such financial information and data as DWM may reasonably request to confirm the Company's cash balance.

Property and equipment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is summarized as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **March 31,**<br>**2025** | **December 31,**<br>**2024** |
| Machinery & Equipment | $18467954 | $18467955 |
| Furniture & Fixtures | 6128 | 6128 |
| Vehicles | 21135617 | 20679716 |
| Leaseholder Improvement | 2036384 | 1886384 |
| Land | 3641579 | 3641579 |
| Buildings | 724170 | 724170 |
| Subtotal | 46011832 | 45405932 |
| Less accumulated depreciation | (8309295) | (7974269) |
| Property and equipment, net | $37702537 | $37431663 |

---

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $1,379,618 and $899,190, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company settled $2,344,000 in non-convertible notes payable via the disposal of property and equipment and purchased $3,896,457 in new property and equipment via the issuance of non-convertible notes payable. The Company also recognized a gain on disposal of assets of $39,535 and received cash of $152,000 on the sale of property and equipment.

**NOTE 7 – AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS**

All of the Company's current identified intangible assets were assumed upon consummation of the Empire acquisition on October 1, 2021. Identified intangible assets consisted of the following at the dates indicated below:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **March 31, 2025** | **March 31, 2025** | **March 31, 2025** | |
|  | **Gross carrying**<br>**amount** | **Accumulated**<br>**amortization** | **Carrying**<br>**value** | **Remaining**<br>**estimated**<br>**useful life** |
| Intellectual Property | $3036000 | $(2125200) | $910800 | 1.75 years |
| Customer List | 2239000 | (783650) | 1455350 | 6.75 years |
| Licenses | 21274000 | (7445900) | 13828100 | 6.75 years |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total intangible assets, net | $26549000 | $(10354750) | $16194250 |  |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | |
|  | **Gross carrying**<br>**amount** | **Accumulated**<br>**amortization** | **Carrying**<br>**value** | **Remaining**<br>**estimated**<br>**useful life** |
| Intellectual Property | $3036000 | $(1973400) | $1062600 | 2 years |
| Customer List | 2239000 | (727675) | 1511325 | 7 years |
| Licenses | 21274000 | (6914050) | 14359950 | 7 years |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total intangible assets, net | $26549000 | $(9615125) | $16933875 |  |

---

There were no intangible assets acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $739,625 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Total estimated amortization expense for our intangible assets for the years 2025 through 2028 is as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Year ended December 31,** | |
| 2025 (remaining) | $2218875 |
| 2026 | 2806700 |
| 2027 | 2351300 |
| 2028 | 2351300 |
| Thereafter | 6466075 |

---

**NOTE 8 – ADVANCES AND NON-CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE**

**Factoring Advances**

On February 1, 2024, the Company entered into a revenue factoring advance in the principal amount of $1,340,000 for a purchase price of $970,000. There was an origination fee of $30,000. There were cash proceeds of $970,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company's Chief Executive Officer was personally liable for this factoring advance. The Company was required to make weekly payments in the amount $25,800 through January 2025. The advance matured on January 23, 2025. There was amortization of debt discount of $370,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company made cash repayments of $606,400 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company realized a $733,600 gain on settlement during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the revenue factoring advance had a balance of $0, net an unamortized debt discount of $0. The advance is retired.

On February 7, 2024, the Company entered into a revenue factoring advance in the principal amount of $822,000 for a purchase price of $572,950. There was an origination fee of $27,050. There were cash proceeds of $572,950 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company's Chief Executive Officer was personally liable for this factoring advance. The Company was required to make weekly payments in the amount $30,444 through August 2024. The advance matured on August 31, 2024. There was amortization of debt discount of $249,050 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company made cash repayments of $668,556 during the year ended December 31, 2024. There was a gain on settlement $153,444 during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the revenue factoring advance had a balance of $0, net an unamortized debt discount of $0. The advance is retired.

On February 29, 2024, the Company entered into a revenue factoring advance in the principal amount of $559,600 for a purchase price of $376,000. There was an origination fee of $24,000. There were cash proceeds of $376,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company's Chief Executive Officer was personally liable for this factoring advance. The Company was required to make weekly payments in the amount $25,436 through July 2024. The advance matured on July 15, 2024. There was amortization of debt discount of $183,600 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company made cash repayments of $544,745 during the year ended December 31, 2024. There was a gain on settlement $14,855 during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the revenue factoring advance had a balance of $0, net an unamortized debt discount of $0. The advance is retired.

On March 7, 2024, the Company entered into a revenue factoring advance in the principal amount of $1,499,000 for a purchase price of $700,000. There was an origination fee of $300,000. There were cash proceeds of $700,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company's Chief Executive Officer was personally liable for this factoring advance. The Company was required to make weekly payments in the amount $125,000 through June 2024. The advance matured on June 6, 2024. There was amortization of debt discount of $799,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company made cash repayments of $1,375,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024. There was a gain on settlement $124,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the revenue factoring advance had a balance of $0, net an unamortized debt discount of $0. The advance is retired.

On March 7, 2024, the Company entered into a revenue factoring advance in the principal amount of $374,750 for a purchase price of $225,000. There was an origination fee of $25,000. There were cash proceeds of $225,000 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company's Chief Executive Officer was personally liable for this factoring advance. The Company was required to make weekly payments in the amount $23,422 through July 2024. The advance matured on July 7, 2024. There was amortization of debt discount of $149,750 during the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company made cash repayments of $343,688 during the year ended December 31, 2024. There was a gain on settlement $31,062 during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the revenue factoring advance had a balance of $0, net an unamortized debt discount of $0. The advance is retired.

The remaining advances were for Simple Agreements for Future Tokens, entered into with accredited investors issued pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulation D thereunder in 2018. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owed $85,000 and $85,000 for Simple Agreements for Future Tokens, respectively.

**Non-Convertible Notes Payable**

On April 11, 2022, the Company entered into a vehicle financing agreement with GM Financial for the purchase of a vehicle for use by the Company's Chief Executive Officer in the principal amount of $74,186. GM Financial financed $65,000 of the purchase price of the vehicle and the Company was required to make a $10,000 down payment. There was a $2,400 rebate applied to the purchase price. The Company is required to make 60 monthly payments of $1,236. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company made $8,518 and $5,679 in payments towards the financing agreement, respectively. There was amortization of debt discount of $4,215 and $447 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the financing agreement had a balance of $762 and $4,975, net an unamortized debt discount of $0 and $4,306, respectively.

On April 21, 2022, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $964,470 for the financing and installation of a piece of equipment in the amount $750,000. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount $6,665 through October 2022 and monthly payments of $19,260 until October 2026. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on October 21, 2026. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company made $77,979 and $31,192 in payments towards the note, respectively. There was amortization of debt discount of $25,876 and $9,508 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $258,373 and $310,476 net an unamortized debt discount of $23,932 and $49,802, respectively.

On September 1, 2022, the Company entered into a Deed of Trust note for the purchase of land and buildings. The note has a principal amount of $600,000, bears an interest rate of 6.5%, and matures on September 1, 2032. The Company is required to make monthly payments of $4,476 until September 1, 2032, when the remaining principal and accrued interest becomes due. The Company made principal payments of $4,334 and $4,564 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company made interest payments of $0 and $8,865 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a principal balance of $556,989 and $561,324 and accrued interest of $11,827 and $2,999, respectively.

On September 1, 2022, the Company entered into a Deed of Trust note for the purchase of land and buildings. The note has a principal amount of $600,000, bears an interest rate of 6.5%, and matures on September 1, 2032. The Company is required to make monthly payments of $4,476 until September 1, 2032, when the remaining principal and accrued interest becomes due. The Company made principal payments of $4,334 and $4,564 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company made interest payments of $0 and $8,865 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a principal balance of $556,989 and $561,324 and accrued interest of $11,827 and $2,999, respectively.

On September 14, 2022, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $2,980,692 for a purchase price of $2,505,000. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount $82,797 through September 2025. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on September 14, 2025. There was amortization of debt discount of $88,914 and $25,048 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $343,259 and $135,197 towards the note during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $321,271 and $575,616 net an unamortized debt discount of $(30,434) and $59,478, respectively.

On November 28, 2022, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,539,630 for a purchase price of $1,078,502. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. A non-cash adjustment of $439,500 was recorded on disposal of assets. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $10,410 through March 2023 and then monthly payments in the amount of $20,950 through March 2029. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on March 5, 2029. There was amortization of debt discount of $34,204 and $16,939 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $62,307 and $33,978 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the note had a balance of $213,071 and $680,674 net an unamortized debt discount of $213,695 and $247,897, respectively.

On November 28, 2022, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,560,090 for a purchase price of $1,092,910. $586,000 of this balance was settled against the disposal of property and equipment. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $10,630 through March 2023 and then monthly payments in the amount of $21,225 through March 2029. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on March 5, 2029. There was amortization of debt discount of $31,932 and $17,187 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $55,876 and $34,424 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 the note had a balance of $79,669 and $689,613 net an unamortized debt discount of $217,811 and $249,740, respectively.

On November 28, 2022, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,597,860 for a purchase price of $1,119,334. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. A non-cash adjustment of $439,500 was recorded on disposal of assets. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $10,860 through March 2023 and then monthly payments in the amount of $21,740 through March 2029. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on March 5, 2029. There was amortization of debt discount of $35,814 and $17,520 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $65,510 and $35,460 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $237,145 and $706,341 net an unamortized debt discount of $220,022 and $255,835, respectively.

On December 15, 2022, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,557,435 for a purchase price of $1,093,380. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. A non-cash adjustment of $439,000 was recorded on disposal of assets. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $10,585 through March 2023 and then monthly payments in the amount of $21,190 through March 2029. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on March 15, 2029. There was amortization of debt discount of $15,559 and $16,916 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $45,972 and $34,341 during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $218,535 and $687,948 net an unamortized debt discount of $234,543 and $250,101, respectively.

On January 10, 2023, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,245,018 for a purchase price of $1,021,500. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. There were cash proceeds of $1,000,000. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $10,365 through March 2023 and then monthly payments in the amount of $34,008 through March 2026. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on March 10, 2026. There was amortization of debt discount of $14,400 and $16,261 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $110,718 and $55,146 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $285,585 and $381,903 net an unamortized debt discount of $64,020 and $78,419, respectively.

On January 12, 2023, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,185,810 for a purchase price of $832,605. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. There were non-cash proceeds of $832,605 used to purchase equipment, as well as a non-cash adjustment of $289,033 on disposal of assets. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $8,030 through April 2023 and then monthly payments in the amount of $16,135 through April 2028. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on April 12, 2028. There was amortization of debt discount of $13,853 and $16,172 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $37,622 and $13,078 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $219,069 and $531,871 net an unamortized debt discount of $196,171 and $185,515, respectively.

On February 23, 2023, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $822,040 for a purchase price of $628,353. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. There were non-cash proceeds of $628,253 used to purchase equipment. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $6,370 through June 2023 and then monthly payments in the amount of $16,595 through June 2027. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on June 23, 2027. There was amortization of debt discount of $38,694 and $772 during three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $97,011 and $13,078 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $441,431 and $346,227 net an unamortized debt discount of $248,584 and $54,034, respectively.

On February 24, 2023, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,186,580 for a purchase price of $832,605. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. There were non-cash proceeds of $832,605 used to purchase equipment. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $9,185 through June 2023 and then monthly payments in the amount of $23,955 through June 2027. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on June 24, 2027. There were additional fees incurred of $8,733 and $21,380 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was amortization of debt discount of $(26,806) and $21,548 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $67,209 and $26,884 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $305,824 and $494,748 net an unamortized debt discount of $(80,839) and $292,226, respectively.

On April 12, 2023, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $317,415 for a purchase price of $219,676. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. There were non-cash proceeds of $219,676 used to purchase equipment. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $2,245 through August 2023 and then monthly payments in the amount of $4,315 through July 2027. The note bears an interest rate of 10.6%, is secured by certain assets of the Company, and matures on July 12, 2029. There were payments of $61,249 and $3,466 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $150,466 and $0 of this balance, respectively, was settled against the disposal of property and equipment. There was amortization of debt discount of $66,161 and $3,137 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $0 and $145,554 net an unamortized debt discount of $0 and $66,158, respectively.

On July 31, 2023, the Company entered into a secured promissory note with an entity controlled by the Company's Chief Executive Officer in the principal amount of $17,218,350. The note was for the purchase of certain equipment from an entity controlled by the Company's Chief Executive Officer and is secured by such equipment. There were non-cash proceeds of $17,218,350 used to purchase equipment. The note is junior to the senior secured debt entered into by the Company on the same date. The note matures on July 31, 2043 and accrues interest at 7% per annum. The note requires interest-only payments until the senior secured debt is fully satisfied. The Company made payments of $0 and $498,625 towards the principal and interest, respectively, during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. On March 29, 2024, the holder of the note exchanged $10,000,000 in principal for 1,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock (see *Note 14 – Stockholders' Equity*). On April 21, 2024, the holder of the note exchanged $7,218,350 in principal for 412,360 shares of common stock (see *Note 14 – Stockholders' Equity*). As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the note had a balance of $0 and $17,218,350, respectively.

On December 2, 2024, the Company entered into a secured promissory note with an entity controlled by the Company's Chief Executive Officer in the principal amount of $11,699,916. The note was for the purchase of certain land and permits from an entity controlled by the Company's Chief Executive Officer and is secured by such property. There were non-cash proceeds of $11,699,916 used to purchase the land and equipment. The note matures on March 31, 2025 and accrues interest at 10% per annum. The note requires monthly payments of $2,983,309, however in the event such payment would result in the Company having less than $3 million cash on hand, such payment is delayed without penalty until the following month and the maturity date of the note extended. There was amortization of debt discount of $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company made payments of $2,300,000 towards the principal of the note during the three months ended March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a principal balance and accrued interest of $5,391,859 and $7,691,859, respectively.

On February 3, 2025, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,373,040 for a purchase price of $1,026,844. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $19,070. The note matures on February 3, 2031. There was amortization of debt discount of $18,420 and $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $58,210 and $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $991,548 and $0 net of an unamortized debt discount of $327,776 and $0, respectively.

On February 3, 2025, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,000,107 for a purchase price of $769,383. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. There were non-cash proceeds of $29,853 used to purchase equipment. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $14,305. The note matures on February 3, 2031. There was amortization of debt discount of $42,915 and $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $42,915 and $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $740,530 and $0 net of an unamortized debt discount of $216,662 and $0, respectively.

On February 3, 2025, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,517,127 for a purchase price of $1,167,350. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. There were non-cash proceeds of $45,273 used to purchase equipment. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $21,700. The note matures on February 3, 2031. There was amortization of debt discount of $58,880 and $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $66,100 and $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $1,115,777 and $0 net of an unamortized debt discount of $335,250 and $0, respectively.

On February 3, 2025, the Company entered into a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $1,213,693 for a purchase price of $898,653. The note is secured by certain assets of the Company. There were non-cash proceeds of $36,227 used to purchase equipment. The Company is required to make monthly payments in the amount of $17,360. The note matures on February 3, 2031. There was amortization of debt discount of $47,556 and $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were payments of $52,080 and $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the note had a balance of $894,129 and $0 net of an unamortized debt discount of $267,484 and $0, respectively.

The following table details the current and long-term principal due under non-convertible notes as of March 31, 2025.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Principal**<br>**(Current)** | **Principal**<br>**(Long Term)** |
| GM Financial (Issued April 11, 2022) | $762 | $- |
| Non-Convertible Note (Issued March 8, 2019) |  | 5000 |
| Deed of Trust Note (Issued September 1, 2022) | 53712 | 503277 |
| Deed of Trust Note (Issued September 1, 2022) | 53712 | 503277 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued April 21, 2022) | 231120 | 51185 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued September 14, 2022) | 290836 |  |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued November 28, 2022) | 251400 | 175366 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued November 28, 2022) | 254700 | 42780 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued November 28, 2022) | 260880 | 196287 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued December 15, 2022) | 254280 | 198798 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued January 10, 2023) | 124380 | 225225 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued January 12, 2023) | 96360 | 318880 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued February 24, 2023) | 224985 |  |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued February 23, 2023) | 199140 | 490875 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued April 12, 2023) |  |  |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued February 3, 2025) | 228840 | 1085990 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued February 3, 2025) | 171660 | 785532 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued February 3, 2025) | 260400 | 1190627 |
| Equipment Finance Note (Issued February 3, 2025) | 208320 | 953293 |
| SAFTs |  | 85000 |
| DWM Property Note | 5391859 |  |
| Debt Discount | (821175) | (1629009) |
| Total Principal of Non-Convertible Notes | $7736179 | $5182384 |

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Total principal payments due on non-convertible notes for 2025 through 2028 and thereafter is as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Year ended December 31,** | |
| 2025 | $7885730 |
| 2026 | 2374710 |
| 2027 | 1405239 |
| 2028 | 1222944 |
| Thereafter | 2480115 |

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**NOTE 9 – ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES**

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owed accounts payable and accrued expenses of $5,421,674 and $5,893,351, respectively. These are primarily comprised of payments to vendors, accrued interest on debt, and accrued legal bills.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **March 31,**<br>**2025** | **December 31,**<br>**2024** |
| Accounts Payable | $1738857 | $2364398 |
| Credit Cards | 24705 | 25118 |
| Accrued Interest | 2576966 | 2439466 |
| Accrued Expenses | 1081146 | 1064369 |
| Total Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | $5421674 | $5893351 |

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**NOTE 10 – ACCRUED PAYROLL AND RELATED EXPENSES**

The Company is delinquent in filing its payroll taxes, primarily related to stock compensation awards in 2016 and 2017, but also including payroll for 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company owed payroll tax liabilities, including penalties, of $3,946,410 and $3,946,410 respectively, to federal and state taxing authorities. The actual liability may be higher or lower due to interest or penalties assessed by federal and state taxing authorities.

**NOTE 11 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCES**

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. Except as set forth below, we are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

On October 25, 2024, Arena Special Opportunities Fund, LP and other related entities ("Arena") filed a lawsuit in New York State Court (the "Action"). The complaint for the lawsuit alleges, among other things, a purported breach of contract based on an alleged equity conditions failure. The Company believes that the Action lacks merit. In the event this Action is not summarily dismissed, the Company intends to vigorously defend against it.

As previously reported on September 13, 2024, the Company received written notice (the "Notice") from The Nasdaq Listing Qualification Department ("Nasdaq") notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the "Minimum Bid Price Requirement"), as the closing bid price of the Company's common stock had been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. The Notice indicated that the Company has 180 calendar days, or until March 12, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.

On March 13, 2025, Nasdaq notified the Company that although the Company has not regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, the Company is eligible to receive an additional 180 calendar day period or until September 8, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(a)(3)(A).

Nasdaq's determination to grant the Company an additional 180 calendar day period was based on the Company's satisfaction of the continued listing requirements for the market value of publicly held shares and all other applicable requirements for initial listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. Additionally, the Company has provided Nasdaq with written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, potentially by implementing a reverse stock split, if necessary.

On September 9, 2025, The Company received formal notice from the Staff of the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC that the Company had regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2).

On May 23, 2025, the Company received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC regarding the Company's failure to timely file its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025 (the "Q1 Form 10-Q") with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company previously submitted a plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance with respect to the delinquent Q1 Form 10-Q, and Nasdaq granted the Company an exception until August 22, 2025, to evidence compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1).

On August 22, 2025, the Company received an additional delinquency notification letter from Nasdaq due to the Company's failure to timely file its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025. The Staff informed the Company that is has until September 8, 2025 to submit an updated plan to regain compliance with the Rule. On September 5, 2025, the Company submitted its revised plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance, and Nasdaq accepted its plan to evidence compliance by 180 calendar days from the Q1 Form 10-Q's due date, or until November 17, 2025.

**NOTE 12 – LEASES**

Property Leases (Operating Leases)

The Company leases its facilities and certain automobiles under operating leases which expire on various dates through 2028. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception and whether it is a finance or operating leases. Right of Use ("ROU") assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When readily determinable, the Company uses the implicit rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The ROU asset also includes any fixed lease payments, including in-substance fixed lease payments and excludes lease incentives. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease term is determined at lease commencement and includes any non-cancellable period for which the Company has the right to use the underlying asset, together with any options to extend that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise.

On January 24, 2022, the Company entered into leasing agreements for 3,521 square feet of office space commencing upon the completion of tenant improvements which was expected to be on April 1, 2022 but shall be no later than May 1, 2022 ("Commencement Date"). Under the terms of the leases, the Company is required to pay $3,668 for the first twelve months of the lease and increasing by approximately 3% every 12 months thereafter until the expiration of the lease. The lease is for a period of five years from the Commencement Date and the Company was required to make a security deposit of $3,668. The Company does not have an option to extend the lease. The Company cannot sublease any of the office space under the lease agreement.

On March 15, 2024, the Company entered into leasing agreements for a scrap yard located at 3030 E 55th Street, Cleveland, OH 44127. Under the terms of the lease, the Company is required to pay $17,000 from March 1, 2024 to February 28, 2025; $23,000 from March 1, 2025 to February 28, 2026; $23,000 from March 1, 2026 to February 28, 2027; $23,000 from March 1, 2027 to February 28, 2028; and increasing by the greater of 3% and the CPI every 12 months thereafter until the expiration of the lease. The lease is for a period of five years, include two options to extend for five years each, and the Company was required to make a security deposit of $17,000. The Company has the option to purchase the property for $3,277,000 until February 28, 2024.

Automobile Leases (Operating Leases)

Upon effectiveness of the acquisition of Empire on October 1, 2021, the Company assumed $34,261 in ROU assets and $27,757 in lease liabilities for an automobile lease. Under the terms of the lease, Empire is required to pay $650 per month until the lease expired on February 15, 2026 and the Company does not have an option to renew or extend. The Company is responsible for any damage to the automobile under the terms of the lease.

On December 23, 2021, Empire entered into a lease agreement for the leasing of an automobile. Under the terms of the lease, Empire was required to pay $18,000 for the first month and $1,000 per month thereafter for 60 months. The lease expires on December 23, 2026 and the Company does not have an option to renew or extend. The Company is responsible to any damage to the automobile under the terms of the lease.

ROU assets and liabilities consist of the following:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **March 31,**<br>**2025** | **December 31,**<br>**2024** |
| ROU assets – related party | $- | $- |
| ROU assets | 968066 | 1048070 |
| Total ROU assets | $968066 | $1048070 |
| Current portion of lease liabilities – related party | $- | $- |
| Current portion of lease liabilities | 341246 | 331545 |
| Long term lease liabilities, net of current portion | 702355 | 773820 |
| Total lease liabilities | $1043601 | $1105365 |

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Aggregate minimum future commitments under non-cancelable operating leases and other obligations at December 31, 2024 were as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Year ended December 31,** | |
| 2025 | $257922 |
| 2026 | 336476 |
| 2027 | 312448 |
| 2028 | 307500 |
| 2029 | 77250 |
| Total Minimum Lease Payments | $1291596 |
| Less: Imputed Interest | $247995 |
| Present Value of Lease Payments | $1043601 |
| Less: Current Portion | $-341246 |
| Long Term Portion | $702355 |

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The Company leases its facilities, automobiles, and offices under operating leases which expire on various dates through 2024. Rent expense related to these leases is recognized based on the payment amount charged under the lease. Rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $176,258 and $279,419, respectively. At March 31, 2024, the leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 3.8 years and a weighted average discount rate of 10%.

**NOTE 13 – CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE**

On July 3, 2023, the Company closed a bridge financing in the principal amount of $1,031,250 for a purchase price of $825,000 with certain accredited investors. The bridge notes matured on July 31, 2023 and were personally guaranteed by the Company's Chief Executive Officer. The bridge notes were exchanged into the senior secured offering which closed on July 31, 2023 and are retired.

On July 31, 2023, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement with certain institutional investors as purchasers whereby, the Company sold, and the investors purchased, approximately $15,000,000, which consisted of approximately $13,188,750 in cash and $1,031,250 of existing debt of the Company which was exchanged for the notes and warrants issued in this offering in principal amount of senior secured convertible notes and warrants and $500,000 in notes issued as commission. The transaction closed on August 1, 2023. The Senior Notes were issued with an original issue discount of 16.67%, do not bear interest, unless in the event of an event of default, in which case the notes bear interest at the rate of 18% per annum until such default has been cured, and mature after 24 months, on July 31, 2025. The aggregate principal amount of the notes is $18,000,000. The Company will pay to the Investors an aggregate of $1,000,000 per month beginning on the last business day of the sixth (6th) full calendar month following the issuance thereof. The Senior Notes are convertible into shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.001 per share ("Common Stock"), at a conversion price per share of $225.0, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances described in the Senior Notes. There is a 125% conversion premium for any principal converted to shares of common stock. In occurrence of an event of default, until such event of default has been cured, the Holder may, at the Holder's option, convert all, or any part of, the Conversion Amount (into shares of Common Stock at a conversion rate equal to the quotient of (x) the Redemption Premium of the Conversion Amount, divided by (y) the greater of (A) 90% of the lowest VWAP of the Common Stock for the three (3) Trading Days immediately preceding the delivery or deemed delivery of the applicable Conversion Notice, and (B) the lesser of (1) 80% of the VWAP of the Common Stock as of the Trading Day immediately preceding the delivery or deemed delivery of the applicable Conversion Notice, and (2) 80% of the price computed as the quotient of (x) the sum of the VWAPs of the Common Stock for each of the three (3) Trading Days with the lowest VWAP of the Common Stock during the fifteen (15) consecutive Trading Day period ending and including the Trading Day immediately preceding the delivery or deemed delivery of the applicable Conversion Notice, divided by (y) three (3) and (II) the floor price of $29.40. To secure its obligations thereunder and under the Purchase Agreement, the Company has granted a security interest over substantially all of its assets to the collateral agent for the benefit of the Investors, pursuant to a security agreement and a related trademark security agreement. The Company has the option to redeem the Senior Notes at a 10% redemption premium. There is a 125% change in control redemption premium. The maturity date of the Senior Notes also may be extended by the holders under circumstances specified therein. Danny Meeks, the Company's Chief Executive Officer, and the Company's subsidiaries each guaranteed the Company's obligations under the Senior Notes. In the event of default, the Company shall immediately pay to the Holder an amount in cash representing (i) all outstanding Principal and accrued and unpaid late charges on such principal, multiplied by (ii) the Redemption Premium, in addition to any and all other amounts due hereunder, without the requirement for any notice or demand or other action by the holder or any other person or entity, provided that the Holder may, in its sole discretion, waive such right to receive payment upon a bankruptcy event of default. The Warrants are exercisable for five years to purchase an aggregate of 4,420,460 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.01, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances described in the Warrants. There were an additional 866,441 warrants issued at an exercise price of $1.50 per share for a period of five years as commission for the offering, the Company credited additional paid in capital $3,279,570 and $753,567 for a debt discount for the fair value of warrants issued in its senior secured debt offering and the warrants issued as commission for its senior secured debt offering, respectively. Further, there was a $3,850,000 debt discount created for the offering costs and original issuance discount on the Senior Notes.

The Company estimated the fair value of the warrants using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected volatility of 148.60% to 149.08%, (3) risk-free interest rate of 4.18% - 4.70%, and (4) expected life of 5.01 years. During the year ended December 31, 2023, there was amortization of debt discount of $2,219,221.

On August 21, 2023, as a result of the Company's registered direct offering, the conversion price of the Senior Notes was reduced from $225.00 to $153.00 per share. The Company credited additional paid in capital $5,022,200 for a deemed dividend for the triggering of certain price protection provisions in its senior secured debt. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company credited additional paid in capital $5,022,200 for a deemed dividend for the triggering of certain price protection provisions in its senior secured debt. The Company estimated the fair value of the deemed dividend using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected volatility of 148.60%, (3) risk-free interest rate of 4.70%, and (4) expected life of 2.95 years.

On March 18, 2024, the Company obtained the waiver of the following covenants from holders of the notes: (i) until September 30, 2024, the Available Cash Test covenant contained in Section 14(t)(i) of the Notes; (ii) the right to receive the Amortization Amount for the next four (4) consecutive Amortization Dates immediately following the date of the waiver, with the aggregate of such Amortization Amounts now instead being due on the Maturity Date; and (iii) notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in the Notes, through and including the sixtieth (60) calendar day following the date of the waiver, (A) if the average closing price on the Eligible Market of the Common Stock on the three (3) most recent Trading Days is less than $37.50, the Holder cannot convert the Note into Common Stock and (B) if the average closing price on the Eligible Market of the Common Stock on the three (3) most recent Trading Days is $37.50 or greater, there shall be no limitations as to the amount of the Note that may be converted into Common Stock.

On March 18, 2024, as a result of the Company's warrant inducement, the conversion price of the Senior Notes was reduced from $153.0 to $29.40 per share. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company credited additional paid in capital $0 and $23,953,940, respectively, for a deemed dividend for the triggering of certain price protection provisions in its senior secured debt. The Company estimated the fair value of the deemed dividend using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected volatility of 93%, (3) risk-free interest rate of 5.06%, and (4) expected life of 1.37 years.

On May 3, 2024, the Company entered into an amendment to its senior secured convertible promissory note originally signed July 31, 2023. The amendment, among other things, changed the conversion price of the senior notes to $7.50, subject to certain circumstances described in the Senior Notes along with certain conversion price adjustment mechanism. As a result of the modification, the Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment for the change in fair value of the conversion option in the amount of $16,333,271

On May 9, 2024, the Company and the Investors entered into a Waiver Agreement (the "Waiver Agreement"), pursuant to which the Company and the Investors decided to waive the Conversion Prohibition in the March Consent and Waiver.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, there was amortization of debt discount $5,901,759 and $2,219,221, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company made cash payments of $1,497,083 on the principal of the convertible notes. During the year ended December 31, 2024, holders converted $16,502,905 of principal into 2,478,459 shares of common stock with a fair value of $30,716,938 *(See Note 14 – Stockholder's Equity*). The Company realized a loss from the conversion premium of $14,213,480 on conversion of notes during the year ended December 31, 2024

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying value of the convertible notes was $0 and $12,098,241, net of unamortized debt discount of $0 and $5,901,759, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, the current and non-current portions of the note were $0 and $0, net unamortized debt discounts of $0 and $0, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the current and non-current portions of the note were $8,065,494 and $4,032,747 net unamortized debt discounts of $3,934,506 and $1,967,253, respectively.

**NOTE 14 – DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS**

On May 16, 2024 as a result of the issuance of additional warrants under the security purchase agreements, the Company no longer had sufficient authorized shares in the event that all potentially dilutive instruments were exercised. As a result, the Company evaluated the warrants issued under ASC 480 and determined that certain warrants no longer qualified as equity instruments and qualify for derivative liability treatment. The Company elected to use a first-in, first-out sequencing method to determine which dilutive instruments met the definition of a derivative liability.

The Company estimated the fair value of the initial derivative liability using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected volatility of 141.83%, (3) risk-free interest rate of 4.46%, and (4) expected life of 5 years.

The Company estimated the fair value of the derivative liability upon the settlement date using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected volatility of 159.02%, (3) risk-free interest rate of 4.52%, and (4) expected life of 5 years.

The Company adopted the provisions of ASC 825-10. ASC 825-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of non-performance. ASC 825-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 825-10 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

● Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3 – Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value of assets or liabilities.

All items required to be recorded or measured on a recurring basis are based upon Level 3 inputs.

To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is disclosed and is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company recognizes its derivative liabilities as Level 3 and values its derivatives using the methods discussed below. While the Company believes that its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, it recognizes that the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. The primary assumptions that would significantly affect the fair values using the methods discussed are that of volatility and market price of the underlying common stock of the Company.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company did not have any derivative instruments that were designated as hedges.

Items recorded or measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the accompanying consolidated financial statements consisted of the following items as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | <br>**March 31,**<br>**2025** | **Quoted Prices**<br>**in Active**<br>**Markets for**<br>**Identical Assets**<br>**(Level 1)** | **Significant**<br>**Other**<br>**Observable**<br>**Inputs**<br>**(Level 2)** | <br>**Significant**<br>**Unobservable**<br>**Inputs**<br>**(Level 3)** |
| Derivative liability | $- | $- | $- | $- |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | <br>**December 31,**<br>**2024** | **Quoted Prices**<br>**in Active**<br>**Markets for**<br>**Identical Assets**<br>**(Level 1)** | **Significant**<br>**Other**<br>**Observable**<br>**Inputs**<br>**(Level 2)** | <br>**Significant**<br>**Unobservable**<br>**Inputs**<br>**(Level 3)** |
| Derivative liability | $- | $- | $- | $- |

---

The following table provides a summary of changes in fair value of the Company's Level 3 financial liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | $- |
| Establishment of derivative liability upon authorized share shortfall | 64951789 |
| Gain on change in fair value of derivative liability | (48314949) |
| Settlement of derivative liability upon correction of authorized share shortfall | (16636840) |
| Mark to market to December 31, 2024 | - |
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | $- |
| Mark to market to March 31, 2025 |  |
| Balance, March 31, 2025 | $- |

---

Fluctuations in the Company's stock price are a primary driver for the changes in the derivative valuations during each reporting period. As the stock price increases/(decreases) for each of the related derivative instruments, the value to the holder of the instrument generally increases/(decreases), therefore increasing/(decreasing) the liability on the Company's balance sheet. Decreases in the conversion price of the Company's convertible notes are another driver for the changes in the derivative valuations during each reporting period. As the conversion price decreases for each of the related derivative instruments, the value to the holder of the instrument (especially those with full ratchet price protection) generally increases, therefore increasing the liability on the Company's balance sheet. Additionally, stock price volatility is one of the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of each of the Company's derivative instruments. The simulated fair value of these liabilities is sensitive to changes in the Company's expected volatility. Increases in expected volatility would generally result in higher fair value measurements. A 10% change in pricing inputs and changes in volatilities and correlation factors would not result in a material change in our Level 3 fair value.

**NOTE 15 – STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY**

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of blank check preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share.

**<u>Series D</u>**

On March 29, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of 1,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Series D"). The Series D has a $10,000 stated value per share. The Series D is convertible into the Company's common stock at $3,366 per share, subject to adjustment as set forth therein, except the Preferred Stock is not convertible until such time as the currently outstanding senior secured indebtedness of the Company has been satisfied in full. In addition, the Company has the right to redeem the Series D in cash or shares of its Common Stock.

On March 29, 2024, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with DWM Properties LLC ("DWM"), whereby the Company and DWM agreed to exchange $10,000,000 of that certain Secured Promissory Note, dated July 31, 2023, to be issued by the Company to the DWM for shares of the Company's newly created Series D.

On May 10, 2024, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with DWM, whereby the Company and DWM agreed to exchange 1,000 shares of the Company's Series D issued by the Company to DWM, for 1,333,333 shares of the Company's common stock. As a result of the transaction, the Series D stock were extinguished. The resulting gain on the transaction of $1,224,400 for the difference between the fair value of the common stock and the carrying value of the Series D was recorded as a contribution of capital as the transaction was between related parties.

On May 28, 2024, the Company filed a Certificate of Elimination to retire the class of Series D preferred stock.

As of March 31, 2025, there were 0 shares of Series D issued and outstanding.

**<u>Series A-1</u>**

On November 15, 2024, the Company authorized the issuance of 450,000 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share. The Series A-1 Preferred Stock has a $1,000 stated value per share and each share is convertible into common stock at 0.0001% of the then-outstanding shares of common stock at the election of the holder. The Series A-1 have a liquidation preference senior to common, do not bear dividends, and are entitled to vote on an as-converted basis.

On December 2, 2024, the Company issued 450,000 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock as consideration for land and permits purchased from DWM Properties, LLC, controlled by the Company's Chief Executive Officer. The value of the shares of Series A-1 was calculated on an as-converted basis at $3,300,048.

As of March 31, 2025, there were 450,000 shares of Series A-1 Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 1,200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 74,084 shares of common stock pursuant to purchase agreements for cash proceeds of $40,369,115, net of legal fees and commissions of $2,071,451.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 987 shares pursuant to the exercise of warrants for cash proceeds of $2,834,741, net of legal fees $139,955. The Company issued extra shares with a value of $52,183.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 107,337 shares pursuant to the cashless exercise of warrants.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 1,415 shares as an adjustment to round-up fractional shares for the reverse-split.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 12,121 shares for the exchange of Series D Preferred Stock.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 3,749 shares for the exchange and retirement of a related-party debt note in the principal amount of $7,218,350.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 26,208 shares of common stock for the conversion of debt in the principal amount of $16,502,917 with a fair value of $37,953,304. The Company realized a $14,213,480 loss from the conversion premiums on the conversion of the notes.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 13,939 with a value of $761,124, of which $761,124 vested and services were performed during the year ended December 31, 2024 and $76,875 vested and services will be performed in 2025.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued 3,427 shares of common stock for services rendered.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued 55,066 shares of common stock pursuant to the cashless exercise of warrants.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued 224,039 shares of common stock and warrants pursuant to purchase agreements for total cash proceeds of approximately $11,041,070, gross of offering costs. Additionally 36,364 were held in abeyance at the agreement of the shareholder, and a liability of $1,334,800 was recorded as a stock subscription payable on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet. These shares were subsequently issued during second quarter of 2025.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 there were 519,723 and 237,191 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.

Additional Paid in Capital

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company credited additional paid in capital $3,004,909 for the fair value of warrants issued as commission for its warrant inducement and common stock purchase agreements. The Company estimated the fair value of the warrants using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected volatility of 122.93 – 162.12%, (3) risk-free interest rate of 4.21 – 4.66%, and (4) expected life of 5 years.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company credited additional paid in capital $3,029,927 for the fair value of warrants issued for its warrant inducement. The Company estimated the fair value of the warrants using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected volatility of 123.05%, (3) risk-free interest rate of 4.22%, and (4) expected life of 5 years.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company credited additional paid in capital $23,943,940 for a deemed dividend for the triggering of certain price protection provisions in the conversion feature of its senior secured debt. The Company estimated the fair value of the deemed dividend using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected volatility of 93%, (3) risk-free interest rate of 5.06%, and (4) expected life of 1.37 years.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company credited additional paid in capital $52,574,896 for deemed dividends for the reduction in the exercise price of certain warrants. The Company estimated the fair value of the deemed dividends using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected volatility of 108.49 – 162.12%, (3) risk-free interest rate of 4.36 – 4.64%, and (4) expected life of 5 years.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company credited additional paid in capital $12,388,229 for the modification of the conversion feature related to then outstanding convertible notes payable. The Company estimated the change in fair value of the conversion feature using the Black-Scholes Pricing Model based on the following assumptions: (1) dividend yield of 0%, (2) expected volatility of 130.66%, (3) risk-free interest rate of 5.12%, and (4) expected life of 1.24 years.

On May 16, 2024 as a result of the issuance of additional warrants under the security purchase agreements, the Company no longer had sufficient authorized shares in the event that all potentially dilutive instruments were exercised. The Company accounted for the warrants affected under a sequencing approach as a derivative liability under ASC 815 due to the lack of net share settlement. The Company debited additional paid in capital $64,951,789 to establish the derivative liability. Upon the Company enacting the Reverse Stock Split on May 31, 2024, the authorized share shortfall was alleviated and the Company credited additional paid in capital $16,636,840, after the reclassification into equity. See Note 18 for further details

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company credited additional paid-in capital approximately $9.1 million related to the issuance of common stock and warrants pursuant to purchase agreements for cash, net of offering costs.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded a deemed dividend of approximately $3.0 million in additional paid-in capital for the reduction in the exercise price of certain outstanding warrants.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $99,997 in additional paid-in capital for common stock issued for services rendered.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized $55 in additional paid-in capital for common stock issued pursuant to the cashless exercise of warrants.

**NOTE 16 – WARRANTS**

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company entered into warrant exercise inducement offer letters with the holders of its existing warrants, pursuant to which it issued 972 shares of common stock and recorded an additional 15 shares to be issued for cash proceeds of $2,834,632, payment of legal fees $139,955, and were issued new warrants to purchase 1,669 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3,366 per share. On March 18, 2024, the Company realized a deemed dividend of $1,444,324 for a deemed dividend for the reduction in the exercise price. On March 18, 2024, the Company realized an expense for the issuance of new warrants for the inducement of $3,029,927.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company issued 840 warrants to purchase common stock to its financial advisor, for which it recognized an expense of $3,004,909 for the fair value of the warrants.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, and prior to the Reverse Stock Split, the Company issued 29,891 warrants to purchase common stock in connection with the security purchase agreements described above. The warrants have a term of 5 years and were granted with exercise prices between $3,300 and $4,950.

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split on May 31, 2024, the Company issued 166,095 additional warrants to purchase shares of common stock pursuant to the reverse-split price protection clauses contained within the warrants, sucGreeh that the exercise price of the warrant would be reset to the volume weighted average price following a reverse-split and the number of shares issuable under the warrant would also increase. .

During the year ended December 31, 2024, 143,115 warrants were exercised on a cashless basis for 107,337 shares of common stock.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company entered into exchange agreements with holders of 50,445 warrants whereby the Company and the warrant holders agreed to exchange the warrants for shares of common stock equivalent to 96% of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants, or 48,435 shares of common stock. Concurrently, the Company and the holders of 38,868 warrants issued on or about March 18, 2024, April 22, 2024, and May 16, 2024, agreed to amend these warrants to reduce the exercise price from $2.91 to $1.50 per share, increase the number of shares issuable upon exercise by 250%, and remove certain adjustment provisions in the event of certain dilutive issuances or share combinations. As a result of this amendment, an additional 58,293 warrants were issued.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, an additional 8,843 warrants were cashlessly exercised into 6,639 shares of common stock.

On January 10, 2025, 68,581 warrants were exercised into 68,581 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $58.30 per share.

On February 10, 2025, 155,451 warrants were exercised into 155,451 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $36.30 per share.

A summary of the warrant activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |<br>**Shares** |<br>**Weighted-Average**<br>**Exercise Price** | **Weighted-Average**<br>**Remaining**<br>**Contractual Term** |<br>**Aggregate**<br>**Intrinsic Value** |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2024 | 104319 | $323.40 | 4.40 | $- |
| Exercisable at December 31, 2024 | 104319 | $323.40 | 4.40 | $- |
| Granted | 282339 | $43.34 |  |  |
| Exercised | (283339) | $43.34 |  |  |
| Cancelled/Exchanged |  |  |  |  |
| Outstanding at March 31, 2025 | 103319 | $165.24 | 4.11 | $- |
| Exercisable at March 31, 2025 | 103319 | $165.24 | 4.11 | $- |

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Exercise**<br>**Price** | **Warrants**<br>**Outstanding** | **Weighted Avg.**<br>**Remaining Life** | **Warrants**<br>**Exercisable** |
| $165.00 | 103158 | 4.12 | 103158 |
| 320.10 | 161 | 1.92 | 161 |
|  | 103319 | 4.11 | 103319 |

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The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding stock warrants was $0 based on warrants with an exercise price less than the Company's stock price of $77.33 as of March 31, 2025 which would have been received by the warrant holders had those holders exercised the warrants as of that date.

**NOTE 17 – STOCK OPTIONS**

Our stockholders approved our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan in June 2014 (the "2014 Plan"), our 2015 Equity Incentive Plan in December 2015 (the "2015 Plan"), our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan in October 2016 ("2016 Plan"), our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan in December 2016 ("2017 Plan"), our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan in June 2018 (the "2018 Plan"), our 2021 Equity Incentive Plan in September 2021 ("2021 Plan"), our 2022 Equity Incentive Plan in November 2022, our 2023 Equity Incentive Plan in October 2023 ("2023 Plan"), and our 2024 Equity Incentive Plan in May 2024 ("2024 Plan", and together with the 2014 Plan, 2015 Plan, 2016 Plan, 2017 Plan, 2018 Plan, 2021 Plan, 2022 Plan, and 2023 Plan, the "Plans"). The Plans are identical, except for the number of shares reserved for issuance under each. In July 2024, shareholders amended our 2024 Plan to increase the number of shares reserved for issuance thereunder by 27,091 to a total of 27,273 shares. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had granted an aggregate of 13,969 securities under the Plans since inception, with 13,387 shares available for future issuances.

The Plans provide for the grant of incentive stock options to our employees and our subsidiaries' employees, and for the grant of stock options, stock bonus awards, restricted stock awards, performance stock awards and other forms of stock compensation to our employees, including officers, consultants and directors. The Prior Plans also provide that the grant of performance stock awards may be paid out in cash as determined by the committee administering the Prior Plans.

Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions. The fair value of stock-based payment awards was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with a volatility figure derived from historical data. The Company accounts for the expected life of options based on the contractual life of the options.

There were no options issued during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

A summary of the stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |<br>**Shares** |<br>**Weighted-Average**<br>**Exercise Price** | **Weighted-Average**<br>**Remaining**<br>**Contractual Term** |<br>**Aggregate**<br>**Intrinsic Value** |
| Outstanding at December 31, 2024 | 220 | $2723710 | 2.47 | $- |
| Exercisable at December 31, 2024 | 220 | $2723710 | 2.47 | $- |
| Granted |  |  |  |  |
| Exercised |  |  |  |  |
| Forfeiture/Cancelled | (14) | $2475000 |  |  |
| Outstanding at March 31, 2025 | 206 | $3723473 | 1.74 | $- |
| Exercisable at March 31, 2025 | 206 | $3723473 | 1.74 | $- |

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Exercise**<br>**Price** | **Number of**<br>**Options** | **Remaining**<br>**Life In Years** | **Number of**<br>**Options Exercisable** |
| $378500 – 1237500 | 22 | 3.35 | 22 |
| $1237501 – 2475000 | 9 | 2.45 | 9 |
| $2475001 – 3712500 | 35 | 1.38 | 35 |
| $3712501 – 4950000 | 112 | 1.53 | 112 |
| $4950001 – 5296500 | 28 | 1.55 | 28 |

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The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding stock options was $0, based on options with an exercise price less than the Company's stock price of $77.30 as of March 31, 2025, which would have been received by the option holders had those option holders exercised their options as of that date.

The fair value of all options that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $0 and $0, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense was $0 as of March 31, 2025.

**NOTE 18 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS**

**Agreements with Danny Meeks and Affiliates of Danny Meeks**

*<u>Related-Party Hauling, Mechanic, Equipment Rental, and Miscellaneous Services</u>*

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company provided $206,584 and $64,082 in hauling services to an entity controlled by the Company's Chief Executive Officer, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company paid an entity controlled by the Company's Chief Executive Officer $223,174 and $342,319 for hauling services rendered to the Company, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company paid entities controlled by the Company's Chief Executive Officer $0 and $106,621 for scrap metal provided to the Company, respectively.

**NOTE 19 – SEGMENT REPORTING**

Greenwave is organized into three operating segments based on our differentiated products – Scrap Metal Recycling, Hauling, and Other (primarily comprised of rental income).

We have one reportable geographic segment: the United States of America as all of our scrap metal is sourced domestically.

Our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), Danny Meeks, Chairman and CEO, evaluates performance on both an operating segment basis and a consolidated basis, primarily using revenues, gross profit, and operating cash flows. These measures are used by the CODM, management, investors, lenders, and other external users of our financial statements to assess our operating performance and to compare results to other companies in the metal recycling industry. Our CODM utilizes segment profit and loss in assessing segment performance and in allocating resources among our operations.

Operating expenses, including selling, general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, and other operating costs, are managed centrally and are not allocated to individual operating segments. These expenses are not included in the information regularly provided to or reviewed by the CODM when evaluating segment performance or making resource allocation decisions. As such, consistent with the requirements of ASU 2023-07, we present operating expenses only in the "Total" column and do not disaggregate these expenses by segment.

The following tables provide our results by segment:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31, 2025** | **Three Months Ended March 31, 2025** | **Three Months Ended March 31, 2025** | **Three Months Ended March 31, 2025** |
|  | **Scrap Metal**<br>**Recycling** | <br>**Hauling** | <br>**Other** | <br>**Total** |
| Revenues | $**4397545** | $2912165 | $24000 | $**7333710** |
| Cost of revenues | (2126772) | (1720275) |  | **(3847047)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gross Profit: | $**2270773** | $1191890 | $24000 | $**3486663** |
| Operating Expenses |  |  |  | $**(7368170)** |
| Other Expenses |  |  |  | **(784232)** |
| Deemed Dividends |  |  |  | **(2999964)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss available to common shareholders |  |  |  | $**(7665703)** |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31, 2024** | **Three Months Ended March 31, 2024** | **Three Months Ended March 31, 2024** | **Three Months Ended March 31, 2024** |
|  | **Scrap Metal**<br>**Recycling** | <br>**Hauling** | <br>**Other** | <br>**Total** |
| Revenues | $6220385 | $2253892 | $30500 | $8504777 |
| Cost of revenues | (4081013) | (1159503) |  | (5240516) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gross Profit: | $2139372 | $1094389 | $30500 | $3264261 |
| Operating Expenses |  |  |  | $(6075985) |
| Other Expenses |  |  |  | (5250790) |
| Deemed Dividends |  |  |  | (25398264) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss available to common shareholders |  |  |  | $(33460778) |

---

**NOTE 20 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS**

On September 9, 2025, the Company received formal notice from the Staff of the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC that the Company had regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). As a result, the previously disclosed listing matter has been closed.

As previously disclosed on the Current Report on Form 8-K of the Company, filed on May 30, 2025, the Company received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") regarding the Company's failure to timely file its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025 (the "Q1 Form 10-Q") with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The Company previously submitted a plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance with respect to the delinquent Q1 Form 10-Q (the "Plan"), and Nasdaq granted the Company an exception until August 22, 2025, to evidence compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) (the "Rule").

On August 22, 2025, the Company received an additional delinquency notification letter (the "Notice") from Nasdaq due to the Company's failure to timely file its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2025 (the "Q2 Form 10-Q", and together with the Q1 Form 10-Q, the "Delinquent Filings"). The Staff informed the Company that is has until September 8, 2025 to submit an updated plan to regain compliance with the Rule. On September 5, 2025, the Company submitted its revised plan to Nasdaq to regain compliance, and Nasdaq accepted its plan to evidence compliance by 180 calendar days from the Q1 Form 10-Q's due date, or until November 17, 2025.

On August 26, 2025, the Company issued a press release in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(b) announcing that the Company had received the Notice. A copy of the press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1.

On July 10, 2025 and July 14, 2025, the board of directors (the "Board") of the Company established August 13, 2025 as the date of the Company's 2025 annual meeting of stockholders (the "2025 Annual Meeting") and set July 17, 2025 as the record date for determining stockholders who are eligible to receive notice of and vote at the 2025 Annual Meeting.

On August 13, 2025, the Company, held its 2025 annual meeting of stockholders (the "Annual Meeting"), and a quorum for the transaction of business was present in person or represented by proxy. As of July 17, 2025, the record date for the Annual Meeting, 556,086 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share of the Company (the "Common Stock") and 450,000 shares of Series A-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Series A-1 Preferred Stock") were issued and outstanding. Holders of Common Stock and Series A-1 Preferred Stock (on an as converted to Common Stock basis) voted as a single class on each matter presented at the Annual Meeting. The holders of Common Stock and Series A-1 Preferred Stock (on an as converted to Common Stock basis) voted on the several proposals, which are described in more detail in our definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC on July 24, 2025.

On May 23, 2025, the Company received a staff determination letter (the "Letter") from Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Staff (the "Staff") of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") notifying the Company that because it has not yet filed its Form 10-Q for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025 (the "Filing"), Nasdaq has determined that the Company has failed to comply with the filing requirement set forth in Listing Rule 5250(c) (1) (the "Determination").

As previously reported by the Company, on September 13, 2024, the Company received written notice (the "Notice") from The Nasdaq Listing Qualification Department ("Nasdaq") notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the "Minimum Bid Price Requirement"), as the closing bid price of the Company's common stock had been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. The Notice indicated that the Company has 180 calendar days, or until March 12, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. On March 13, 2025, Nasdaq notified the Company that although the Company has not regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, the Company is eligible to receive an additional 180 calendar day period or until September 8, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(a)(3)(A). On August 13, 2025, the Company's shareholders approved at its 2025 annual meeting a proposal granting the Board discretionary authority to effect one or more consolidation of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, pursuant to which the shares of common stock would be combined and reclassified into one share of common stock at a ratio within the range from 1-for-2 up to 1-for-150.

On August 20, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the "Certificate of Amendment") to the Company's Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to effect a reverse stock split of its issued common stock, par value $0.001 per share, in the ratio of 1-for-110 (the "Reverse Stock Split"), which was effective at 5:00 p.m., eastern time, on August 22, 2025. The common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis at the market open on Monday, August 25, 2025. On September 9, 2025, the Company received formal notice from the staff of the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq that the Company had regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). As a result, listing matter was closed.

On April 21, 2025, the Company issued the 36,364 shares that were held in abeyance as of March 31, 2025, and removed the corresponding liability of $1,334,800 that was recorded as a stock subscription payable on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet of March 31, 2025.

Subsequent to March 31, 2025, four shareholders cashlessly exercised 363,213 warrants into 273,429 shares of common stock.

**ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS**

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report. Please also refer to the note about forward-looking information for information on such statements contained in this Quarterly Report immediately preceding Part I, Item 1.

**Overview**

We were formed on April 26, 2013 as a technology platform developer under the name MassRoots, Inc. In October 2021, we changed our corporate name from "MassRoots, Inc." to "Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc." We sold all of our social media assets on October 28, 2021 for cash consideration equal to $10,000 and have discontinued all operations related to our social media business. On September 30, 2021, we closed our acquisition of Empire Services, Inc. ("Empire"), which operates 13 metal recycling facilities in Virginia, North Carolina, and Ohio. The acquisition was effective October 1, 2021 upon the effectiveness of the Certificate of Merger in Virginia.

Upon the acquisition of Empire, we transitioned into the scrap metal industry which involves collecting, classifying and processing appliances, construction material, end-of-life vehicles, boats, and industrial machinery. We process these items by crushing, shearing, shredding, separating, and sorting, into smaller pieces and categorize these recycled ferrous, nonferrous, and mixed metal pieces based on density and metal prior to sale. In cases of scrap cars, we remove the catalytic converters, aluminum wheels, and batteries for separate processing and sale prior to shredding the vehicle. We have designed our systems to maximize the value of metals produced from this process.

We operate an automotive shredder at our Kelford, North Carolina location and a second automotive shredder at our Carrollton, Virginia location is expected to come online in the second quarter of 2024. Our shredders are designed to produce a denser product and, in concert with advanced separation equipment, more refined recycled ferrous metals, which are more valuable as they require less processing to produce recycled steel products. In totality, this process reduces large metal objects like auto bodies into baseball-sized pieces of shredded recycled metal.

The shredded pieces are then placed on a conveyor belt under magnetized drums to separate the ferrous metal from the mixed nonferrous metal and residue, producing consistent and high-quality ferrous scrap metal. The nonferrous metals and other materials then go through a number of additional mechanical systems which separate the nonferrous metal from any residue. The remaining nonferrous metal is further processed to sort the metal by type, grade, and quality prior to being sold as products, such as zorba (mainly aluminum), zurik (mainly stainless steel), and shredded insulated wire (mainly copper and aluminum).

One of our main corporate priorities is to open a facility with rail or deep-water port access to enable us to efficiently transport our products to domestic steel mills and overseas foundries. Because this would greatly expand the number of potential buyers of our processed scrap products, we believe opening a facility with port or rail access could result in an increase in both the revenue and profitability of our existing operations.

Empire is headquartered in Chesapeake, Virginia and employs 150 people as of November 19, 2025.

**Products and Services**

Our main product is selling ferrous metal, which is used in the recycling and production of finished steel. It is categorized into heavy melting steel, plate and structural, and shredded scrap, with various grades of each of those categorizations based on the content, size and consistency of the metal. All of these attributes affect the metal's value.

We also process nonferrous metals such as aluminum, copper, stainless steel, nickel, brass, titanium, lead, alloys and mixed metal products. Additionally, we sell the catalytic converters recovered from end-of-life vehicles to processors which extract the nonferrous precious metals such as platinum, palladium and rhodium.

We provide metal recycling services to a wide range of suppliers, including large corporations, industrial manufacturers, retail customers, and government organizations.

**Pricing and Customers**

Prices for our ferrous and nonferrous products are based on prevailing market rates and are subject to market cycles, worldwide steel demand, government regulations and policy, and supply of products that can be processed into recycled steel. Our main buyers adjust the prices they pay for scrap metal products based on market rates usually on a monthly or bi-weekly basis. We are usually paid for the scrap metal we deliver to customers within 14 days of delivery.

Based on any price changes from our customers or our other buyers, we in turn adjust the price for unprocessed scrap we pay suppliers in order to manage the impact on our operating income and cash flows.

The spread we are able to realize between the sales prices and the cost of purchasing scrap metal is determined by a number of factors, including transportation and processing costs. Historically, we have experienced sustained periods of stable or rising metal selling prices, which allow us to manage or increase our operating income. When selling prices decline, we adjust the prices we pay customers to minimize the impact to our operating income.

**Sources of Unprocessed Metal**

Our main sources of unprocessed metal we purchase are end-of-life vehicles, old equipment, appliances and other consumer goods, and scrap metal from construction or manufacturing operations. We acquire this unprocessed metal from a wide base of suppliers including large corporations, industrial manufacturers, retail customers, and government organizations who unload their metal at our facilities or we pick it up and transport it from the supplier's location. Currently, our operations and main suppliers are located in the Hampton Roads and northeastern North Carolina markets. As of the second quarter of 2023, the Company expanded our operations by opening a metal recycling facility in Cleveland, Ohio.

Our supply of scrap metal is influenced by the overall health of economic activity in the United States, changes in prices for recycled metal, and, to a lesser extent, seasonal factors such as severe weather conditions, which may prohibit or inhibit scrap metal collection.

**Competition**

We compete with several large, well-financed recyclers of scrap metal, steel mills which own their own scrap metal processing operations, and with smaller metal recycling companies. Demand for metal products is sensitive to global economic conditions, the relative value of the U.S. dollar, and availability of material alternatives, including recycled metal substitutes. Prices for recycled metal are also influenced by tariffs, quotas, and other import restrictions, and by licensing and government requirements.

We aim to create a competitive advantage through our ability to process significant volumes of metal products and utilize the technology solutions, our use of processing and separation equipment, the number and location of our facilities, and the operating synergies we have been able to develop based on our experience.

**For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the three months ended March 31,** | **For the three months ended March 31,** | **For the three months ended March 31,** | **For the three months ended March 31,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% <br> Change** |
| Revenue | $7333710 | $8504777 | $(1171067) | (13.77)% |
| Gross Profit | 3486663 | 3264261 | 222402 | 6.81% |
| Operating Expenses | 7368170 | 6075985 | 1292185 | 21.27% |
| Loss from Operations | (3881507) | (2811724) | (1069783) | (38.05)% |
| Other Expense | (784232) | (5250790) | 4466558 | (85.06)% |
| Net Loss Available to Common Stockholders | $(7665703) | $(33460778) | $25795075 | (77.09)% |

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**Revenues**

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we generated $7,333,710 in revenues, as compared to $8,504,777 during the same period in 2024, a decrease of $1,171,067. This decrease was primarily due to a decline in metal revenue.

Rental incomes decreased by $6,500 from $30,500, to $24,000, metal revenues fell $1,822,840 from $6,220,385 to $4,397,545, and hauling revenues grew $658,272 from $2,253,892 to $2,912,164, during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024.

Our cost of revenues decreased to $3,847,047 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $5,240,516 during the same period in 2024, a decrease of $1,393,469, primarily due to a decrease in hauling costs.

Our gross profit was $3,486,663 during the three months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $222,402 from $3,264,261 during the same period in 2024 primarily due to an increase in margins on the Company's hauling and metal revenue.

**Operating Expenses**

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, our operating expenses were $7,368,170 and $6,075,985 respectively, an increase of $1,292,185. There was an increase in payroll and related expenses of $236,457 as payroll and related expenses were $1,974,485 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to $1,738,028 for the same period in 2024. Advertising expense increased by $51,025 to $53,399 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to $2,374 for the same period in 2024. Depreciation of fixed assets, along with amortization of intangible assets, increased by $480,428 to $2,119,243 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $1,638,815 in 2024 as a result of the Company acquiring more fixed assets during fiscal year 2024 and first quarter 2025. There were hauling and equipment maintenance costs of $1,273,857 during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to $601,562 in 2024, an increase of $672,295. Consulting, accounting, and legal expenses decreased to $523,563 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $612,271 during the same period in 2024, a decrease of $88,708 as a result of the Company having significant corporate activity in 2024. There was a decrease in rent expenses as a result of the Company acquiring the equipment on certain properties, decreasing $227,183 from $443,872 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $261,689 during the same period in 2025. There was $100,000 in equity issued for services expense and stock compensation during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to $288,900 and $20,833 respectively during the same period in 2024.

Our other general and administrative expenses increased to $1,246,469 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $729,330 for the same period in 2024, an increase of $517,139 as a result of the Company's growth initiatives.

The change in these expenditures resulted in our total operating expenses increasing to $7,368,170 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $6,075,985 during the three months ended March 31, 2024, an increase of $1,292,185.

**Loss from Operations**

Our loss from operations increased by $1,069,783 to $3,881,507 during the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $2,811,724 during the three months ended March 31, 2024 for the same reasons discussed above.

**Other Expense**

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, our other expenses were $(784,232), as compared to $(5,250,790) for the same period in 2024, a decrease of $4,466,558. There was $0 in gain on settlement of non-convertible notes during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to $24,198. Interest expenses and amortization of debt discount decreased to $(810,853) during the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $(2,194,229) during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Expense for warrants issued for financing decreased to $0 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $3,029,927 during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Gain on conversion of convertible notes decreased to $0 from $24,198 during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Other income increased to $26,621 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $1,351 during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

**Deemed Dividend**

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there was a deemed dividend of $2,999,964 for the reduction of exercise price of warrants, as compared to $1,444,324 during the same period in 2024, a change of $1,555,640.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there was a deemed dividend of $0 for the reduction of the conversion price of a debt note, as compared to $23,953,940 during the same period in 2024, a change of $23,953,940.

**Net Loss Available to Common Stockholders**

Our net loss was $7,665,703 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to $33,460,778 during the same period in 2024, a reduction of $25,795,075, for the reasons discussed above.

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $4,161,414 as compared to $3,460,823 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the cash flows used in operating activities were driven by a net loss of $4,665,739, amortization of right of use assets of $80,004, depreciation and amortization of $2,119,243, increase in due to related parties of $256,840, decrease in prepaid expenses of $633,136, a decrease of accounts payable and accrued expenses of $705,606, a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $61,764, stock based compensation of $100,000, interest and amortization of debt discount of $810,853, an increase in accounts receivable of $1,023,478, and increases in inventories of $1,665,367. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the cash flows used in operating activities were driven by a net loss of $8,062,514, amortization of right of use assets (related-party) of $24,980, amortization of right of use assets of $48,935, depreciation and amortization of $1,638,815, decrease of due to related parties of $903,462, decrease of prepaid expenses of $113,261, a decrease of accounts payable and accrued expenses of $1,649,694, a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $25,385, a decrease in operating lease liabilities (related-party) of $39,791, stock based compensation of $309,773, equity issued for warrant inducement of $3,029,927, interest and amortization of debt discount of $2,194,229, gain on the conversion of notes of $24,198, an increase in accounts receivable of $296,832, shares issued for financing of $52,183, and increases in inventories of $199,791.

Net cash used in investing activities was $(58,500) and $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, there was cash used in the purchase of equipment of $210,500 and cash received for the disposal of assets of $152,000.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $7,145,205 during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to $2,627,882 during the three months ended March 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were proceeds from sales of common stock and warrants of $9,143,806, cash received for shares still held in abeyance of $1,334,800, bank overdrafts of $227,806, repayment of non-convertible notes of $1,261,207, and repayment of non-convertible notes payable - related party of $2,300,000. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were proceeds from warrant exercises, bank overdrafts, factoring advances of $2,574,679, $179,501 and $2,843,950, respectively, while there were repayments of factoring advances, convertible notes, and non-convertible notes of $1,016,389, $1,497,083, and $456,776, respectively.

*<u>Capital Resources</u>*

As of March 31, 2025, we had cash on hand of $5,501,755. We currently have no external sources of liquidity such as arrangements with credit institutions that will have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition or immediate access to capital.

*<u>Required Capital over the Next Fiscal Year</u>*

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had cash of $5,501,755 and a working capital deficit (current liabilities in excess of current assets) of $(7,478,957). The accumulated deficit as of March 31, 2025 was $(503,978,049). These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for one year from the issuance of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

If the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its stockholders would experience dilution. Additional debt financing, if available, may involve covenants restricting its operations or its ability to incur additional debt. Any additional debt financing or additional equity that the Company raises may contain terms that are not favorable to it or its stockholders and require significant debt service payments, which diverts resources from other activities. The Company's ability to raise additional capital will be impacted by market conditions and the price of the Company's common stock. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

**Contractual Obligations**

Our contractual obligations are included in our notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. To the extent that funds generated from our operations, together with our existing capital resources, are insufficient to meet future requirements, we will be required to obtain additional funds through equity or debt financings. No assurance can be given that any additional financing will be made available to us or will be available on acceptable terms should such a need arise.

**Recent Developments**

The Company has entered into several material agreements during the most recent fiscal quarter. References in this section to any of our contracts or other documents are not necessarily complete, and each such reference is qualified in all respects by reference to the full text of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the relevant Current Report on Form 8-K.

*Registered Direct Offering and Concurrent Private Placement*

On January 13, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with institutional and accredited investors pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell 68,585 shares of its common stock at a price of $58.32 per share, together with accompanying warrants to purchase an equal number of shares of common stock. The gross proceeds from this offering are approximately US$4.0 million before deducting the financial advisor's fees and other estimated offering expenses. The warrants are exercisable at $58.32 per share and expire five years from the date of the stockholder approval for their issuance. Participating investors agreed to a prohibition on short sales of the Company's common stock while they hold the warrants. The offering was effected under the Company's shelf registration statement.

*Notice of Delinquency from Nasdaq – Q1 Form 10-Q*

On May 23, 2025, the Company received a staff determination letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq) notifying the Company that it had not filed its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 (the "Q1 10-Q") and therefore was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1). The Company was advised that it had 60 calendar days to submit a plan to regain compliance. If accepted, Nasdaq may grant an exception of up to 180 calendar days from the original filing due date — which would correspond to a compliance deadline of November 17, 2025. The Company intends to submit such plan but there is no assurance the plan will be accepted or that the Company will achieve compliance within the timeframe.

*Notice of Additional Delinquency from Nasdaq – Q2 Form 10-Q*

On August 22, 2025, the Company received an additional delinquency notification letter from Nasdaq because the Company had failed to file its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025 ("Q2 10-Q"), together with the previously delayed Q1 10-Q. The notice states that the Company must submit an updated plan to Nasdaq by September 8, 2025 to regain compliance with Listing Rule 5250(c)(1). If the revised plan is accepted, Nasdaq may grant an exception of up to 180 calendar days from the original filing due date of the Q1 10-Q (i.e., until November 17, 2025). While the notice has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company's securities (which continue to trade on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol "GWAV"), it underscores the risk of potential delisting if the Company cannot regain compliance.

*Resolution of Minimum Bid Price Deficiency*

As previously reported by the Company, on September 13, 2024, the Company received written notice (the "Notice") from The Nasdaq Listing Qualification Department ("Nasdaq") notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market (the "Minimum Bid Price Requirement"), as the closing bid price of the Company's common stock had been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. The Notice indicated that the Company has 180 calendar days, or until March 12, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. On March 13, 2025, Nasdaq notified the Company that although the Company has not regained compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, the Company is eligible to receive an additional 180 calendar day period or until September 8, 2025, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(a)(3)(A). On August 13, 2025, the Company's shareholders approved at its 2025 annual meeting a proposal granting the Board discretionary authority to effect one or more consolidation of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, pursuant to which the shares of common stock would be combined and reclassified into one share of common stock at a ratio within the range from 1-for-2 up to 1-for-150. On August 20, 2025, the Company filed a Certificate of Amendment (the "Certificate of Amendment") to the Company's Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to effect a reverse stock split of its issued common stock, par value $0.001 per share, in the ratio of 1-for-110 (the "Reverse Stock Split"), which was effective at 5:00 p.m., eastern time, on August 22, 2025. The common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis at the market open on Monday, August 25, 2025. On September 9, 2025, the Company received formal notice from the staff of the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq that the Company had regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). As a result, listing matter was closed.

**Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

For a discussion of our accounting policies and related items, please see the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

**ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS**

As a "smaller reporting company" we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

**ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES**

**Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

Management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, (i) the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to ensure that material information relating to the Company is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"), and (ii) the Company's controls and procedures have not been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

**Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting**

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

**PART II - OTHER INFORMATION**

**ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS**

As disclosed in *Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies* to the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company is engaged in certain legal matters and there have been no material developments with respect to our legal proceedings, except as described in *Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies*. The disclosures set forth in *Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies* relating to certain legal matters are incorporated herein by reference.

**ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS**

As a "smaller reporting company," we are not required to provide the information required by this Item 1A. Please see the Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 as filed with the SEC on April 15, 2025.

**ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS**

None.

**ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES**

None.

**ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES**

Not applicable.

**ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION**

*Form 8-K Disclosures*

We are providing the following disclosures in lieu of filing a Current Report on Form 8-K relating to Item 5.02 ("Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers").

**Jason Adelman Resignation**

On April 10, 2025, Jason Adelman provided the Board with his formal resignation from the Board and all committees thereof, effective immediately. Mr. Adelman was a member of the Board's Compensation, Audit, and Nomination and Corporate Governance Committees. Mr. Adelman's decision to resign was not due to any disagreement with our Company on any matter relating to our operations, policies or practices (financial or otherwise).

**Isaac Dietrich Termination**

On April 12, 2025, we terminated the employment of Isaac Dietrich, our Chief Financial Officer, effective April 12, 2025.

*Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement*

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated any "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

**ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**(a) Documents filed as part of this Quarterly Report:**

**(1) Financial Statements**

**See "Index to Consolidated Financial Statements" on Page F-1.**

**(2) Financial Statement Schedules.**

**No financial statement schedules have been submitted because they are not required or are not applicable or because the information required is included in the financial statements or the notes thereto.**

**(3) List of Exhibits.**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** |
| <br>**No.** | <br>**Description** | <br>**Form** | **File No.** | **Exhibit** | **Filing Date** |
| **2.1** | **[Plan of Reorganization, dated March 18, 2014.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000072174814000599/msrt042114s1ex2_1.htm)** | **S-1** | **333-196735** | **2.1** | **June 13, 2014** |
| **2.2** | **[Agreement and Plan of Merger between MassRoots, Inc., Empire Merger Corp., Empire Services, Inc. and Danny Meeks, as the sole shareholder, dated September 30, 2021](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390021051642/ea148505ex10-1_massroots.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.1** | **October 6, 2021** |
| **3.1** | **[Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390018007900/f8k061518a1ex3-1_massroots.htm)** | **8-K/A** | **000-55431** | **3.1** | **June 19, 2018** |
| **3.2** | **[Certificate of Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation effective September 30, 2021, field with the Secretary of State on September 30, 2021](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390021051642/ea148505ex3-1_massroots.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **3.1** | **October 6, 2021** |
| **3.3** | **[Certificate of Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315222005509/ex3-1.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **3.1** | **February 25, 2022** |
| **3.4** | **[Certificate of Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315222005509/ex3-2.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **3.2** | **February 25, 2022** |
| **3.5** | **[Certificate of Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224022296/ex3-1.htm)** | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **3.1** | **June 3, 2024** |

---

**3.6** **[Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of the Series D Convertible Preferred Stock.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224012754/ex3-1.htm)** **8-K** **000-55431** **3.1** **April 2, 2024** 

**3.7** **[Certificate of Elimination relating to the Series D Preferred Stock, dated May 29, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224022297/ex3-1.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **3.1** **June 3, 2024** 

**3.8** **[Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A-1 Preferred Stock of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc., dated November 13, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224046558/ex3-1.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **3.1** **November 18, 2024** 

**3.9** [**Certificate of Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed August 20, 2025**](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315225012288/ex3-1.htm) **8-K** **001-41452** **3.1** **August 25, 2025** 

**3.10** **[Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315222033936/ex3-1.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **3.1** **November 29, 2022** 

**3.11** **[Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224022324/formdef14a.htm)** **DEF 14A** **001-41452** **Appendix A** **June 3, 2024** 

**4.1** **[Form of Common Stock Certificate.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000072174814000599/msrt061114s1ex4_1.htm)** **S-1** **333-196735** **4.1** **June 13, 2014** 

**4.2** **[Description of Registrant's Securities](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315223010230/ex4-2.htm)** **10-K** **001-41452** **4.2** **March 31, 2023** 

**4.3** **[Form of Warrant dated July 2023](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315223026622/ex4-1.htm)** **8-K** **000-55431** **4.1** **August 3, 2023** 

**4.4** **[Form of Senior Note dated July 2023](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315223026622/ex4-2.htm)** **8-K** **000-55431** **4.2** **August 3, 2023** 

**4.5** **[Form of Secured Promissory Note dated July 31, 2023. Issued to DWM Properties LLC](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315223026622/ex4-3.htm)** **8-K** **000-55431** **4.3** **August 3, 2023** 

**4.6** **[Form of Warrant issued to Purchasers, dated August 2023](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390023069595/ea183996ex4-1_greenwave.htm)** **8-K** **000-55431** **4.1** **August 21, 2023** 

**4.7** **[Form of Placement Agent Warrant, dated August 2023](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390023069595/ea183996ex4-2_greenwave.htm)** **8-K** **000-55431** **4.2** **August 21, 2023** 

**4.8** **[Form of Warrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390021063502/ea151767ex4-1_massrootsinc.htm)** **8-K** **000-55431** **4.1** **December 6, 2021** 

**4.9** **[Form of Senior Note](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390021063502/ea151767ex4-2_massrootsinc.htm)** **8-K** **000-55431** **4.2** **December 6, 2021** 

**4.10** **[Form of Inducement Warrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224010355/ex4-1.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.1** **March 18, 2024** 

**4.11** **[Form of Warrant issued to Purchasers](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224015587/ex4-1.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.1** **April 22, 2024** 

**4.12** **[Form of Financial Advisor Warrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224015587/ex4-2.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.2** **April 22, 2024** 

**4.13** **[Amendment to Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note, dated as of May 3, 2024, by and among Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the Holders party thereto.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224017743/ex4-1.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.1** **May 3, 2024** 

**4.14** **[Waiver Agreement, dated as of May 9, 2024, by and among Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the Purchasers party thereto.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224018511/ex4-1.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.1** **May 9, 2024** 

**4.15** **[Form of Warrant issued to Purchasers](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224020718/ex4-1.htm)** **10-Q** **001-41452** **4.1** **May 20, 2024** 

**4.16** **[Form of Financial Advisor Warrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224020718/ex4-2.htm)** **10-Q** **001-41452** **4.2** **May 20, 2024** 

**4.17** **[Form of Warrant issued to Purchasers](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224023418/ex4-2.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.1** **June 11, 2024** 

**4.18** **[Form of Placement Agent Warrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224023418/ex4-2.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.2** **June 11, 2024** 

**4.19** **[Form of Warrant issued to Purchasers](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315225001882/ex4-1.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.1** **January 13, 2025** 

**4.20** **[Form of Placement Agent Warrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315225001882/ex4-2.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.2** **January 13, 2025** 

**4.21** **[Form of Warrant Amendment entered into with Existing Holders](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315225001882/ex4-3.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.3** **January 13, 2025** 

**4.22** **[Form of Warrant issued to Purchasers](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315225005772/ex4-1.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.1** **February 11, 2025** 

**4.23** **[Form of Placement Agent Warrant](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315225005772/ex4-2.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.2** **February 11, 2025** 

**4.24** **[Promissory Note, dated as of December 2, 2024, issued to DWM Properties LLC](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224048321/ex4-1.htm)** **8-K** **001-41452** **4.1** **December 2, 2024** 

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **10.1+** | **[2014 Stock Incentive Plan and form of agreements thereunder.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000072174814000599/msrt061114s1ex10_12.htm)** | **S-1** | **333-196735** | **10.12** | **June 13, 2014** |
| **10.2+** | **[2015 Stock Incentive Plan and form of agreements thereunder.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000072174816001131/mrst10k033116ex10_12.htm)** | **10-K** | **333-196735** | **10.12** | **March 30, 2016** |
| **10.3+** | **[2016 Stock Incentive Plan and form of agreements thereunder.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000072174816001673/msrt0923168kex4_1.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **4.1** | **September 23, 2016** |
| **10.4+** | **[2017 Equity Incentive Plan and form of agreements thereunder.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000072174816001841/msrtdef14c120916.htm)** | **DEF 14C** | **000-55431** | **Appendix A** | **December 9, 2016** |
| **10.5+** | **[2018 Equity Incentive Plan and form of agreements thereunder.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000172186818000398/f2smsrtdef14a051118.htm)** | **DEF 14A** | **000-55431** | **Appendix B** | **May 11, 2018** |
| **10.6+** | **[2021 Equity Incentive Plan and form of agreements thereunder.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390021036532/ea144078-def14a_massroots.htm)** | **DEF 14A** | **000-55431** | **Appendix C** | **July 12, 2021** |
| **10.7+** | **[2022 Equity Incentive Plan and form of agreements thereunder](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315222028026/formdef14a.htm)** | **DEF 14A** | **001-41452** | **Appendix A** | **October 11, 2022** |
| **10.8+** | **[2023 Equity Inventive Plan and form of agreements thereunder](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315223031358/formdef14a.htm)** | **DEF 14A** | **001-41452** | **Appendix A** | **August 31, 2023** |
| **10.9+** | **[2024 Equity Inventive Plan and form of agreements thereunder.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224014341/formdef14a.htm)** | **DEF 14A** | **001-41452** | **Appendix A** | **April 11, 2024** |
| **10.10+** | **[Amendment No. 1 to the 2024 Equity Inventive Plan](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224022324/formdef14a.htm)** | **DEF 14A** | **001-41452** | **Appendix B** | **June 3, 2024** |
| **10.11** | **[Form of Amended and Restated Simple Agreement for Future Tokens.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000172186818000117/f2msrt021318s1ex10_27.htm)** | **S-1** | **333-223038** | **10.27** | **February 14, 2018** |
| **10.12+** | **[Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Danny Meeks](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390021051642/ea148505ex10-2_massroots.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.2** | **October 6, 2021** |
| **10.13** | **[Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 29, 2021, by and between MassRoots, Inc. and the parties thereto](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390021063502/ea151767ex10-1_massrootsinc.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.1** | **December 6, 2021** |
| **10.14** | **[Pledge and Security Agreement, dated November 30, 2021, by and between MassRoots, Inc. and the parties thereto](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390021063502/ea151767ex10-2_massrootsinc.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.2** | **December 6, 2021** |
| **10.15** | **[Registration Rights Agreement, dated November 29, 2021, by and between MassRoots, Inc. and the parties thereto](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390021063502/ea151767ex10-3_massrootsinc.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.3** | **December 6, 2021** |
| **10.16** | [**Form of Exchange Agreement**](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224012754/ex10-1.htm) | **8-K/A** | **000-55431** | **10.1** | **April 2, 2024** |
| **10.17** | **[Purchase Agreement, dated July 31, 2023, by and between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the parties thereto.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315223026622/ex10-1.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.1** | **August 3, 2023** |
| **10.18** | **[Security Agreement, dated July 31, 2023, by and between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the parties thereto.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315223026622/ex10-2.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.2** | **August 3, 2023** |
| **10.19** | **[Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 31, 2023, by and between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the parties thereto.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315223026622/ex10-3.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.3** | **August 3, 2023** |
| **10.20** | **[Bill of Sale, dated July 31, 2023, by and between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and DWM Properties LLC](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315223026622/ex10-4.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.4** | **August 3, 2023** |
| **10.21** | **[Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the Purchasers signatory thereto.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000121390023069595/ea183996ex10-1_greenwave.htm)** | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.1** | **August 21, 2023** |
| **10.22** | [**Form of Inducement Letter**](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224010355/ex10-1.htm) | **8-K** | **000-55431** | **10.1** | **March 18, 2024** |
| **10.23** | **[FormofSecuritiesPurchaseAgreementbetween Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the Purchasers signatory thereto](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224015587/ex10-1.htm)** | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **10.1** | **April 22, 2024** |
| **10.24** | [**Form of Exchange Agreement**](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224015587/ex10-2.htm) | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **10.2** | **April 22, 2024** |
| **10.25** | [**Form of Voting Agreement**](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224015587/ex10-3.htm) | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **10.3** | **April 22, 2024** |
| **10.26** | [**Form of Exchange Agreement**](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224020300/ex10-1.htm) | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **10.1** | **May 16, 2024** |
| **10.27** | **[Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the Purchasers signatory thereto](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224020718/ex10-1.htm)** | **10-Q** | **001-41452** | **10.1** | **May 20, 2024** |
| **10.28** | **[Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2024, by and between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the Purchasers signatory thereto](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224023418/ex10-1.htm)** | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **10.1** | **June 11, 2024** |
| **10.29** | **[Contract of Sale, dated as of December 2, 2024, by and among, DWM Properties LLC, KPAJ, LLC, OceanaSalvage Properties, L.L.C., as Sellers, and Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224048321/ex10-1.htm)** | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **10.1** | **December 2, 2024** |
| **10.30** | **[Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 10, 2025, by and between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the Purchasers signatory thereto](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315225001882/ex10-1.htm)** | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **10.1** | **January 13, 2025** |
| **10.31** | **[Form of Exchange Agreement, dated as of January 10, 2025, by and between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the June Holders signatory thereto](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315225001882/ex10-2.htm)** | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **10.2** | **January 13, 2025** |
| **10.32** | **[Form of Voting Agreement, dated as of January 10, 2025, by and between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the signatory thereto](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315225001882/ex10-3.htm)** | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **10.3** | **January 13, 2025** |
| **10.33** | **[Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 10, 2025, by and between Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. and the Purchasers signatory thereto](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315225005772/ex10-1.htm)** | **8-K** | **001-41452** | **10.1** | **February 11, 2025** |
| **19.1\*** | **[Insider Trading Policy](ex19-1.htm)** |  |  |  |  |
| **21.1\*** | **[Subsidiaries of the Registrant](ex21-1.htm)** |  |  |  |  |
| **31.1\*** | **[Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).](ex31-1.htm)** |  |  |  |  |
| **31.2\*** | **[Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a- 14(a)/15d-14(a).](ex31-2.htm)** |  |  |  |  |
| **32.1\*\*** | **[Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex32-1.htm)** |  |  |  |  |
| **32.2\*\*** | **[Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](ex32-2.htm)** |  |  |  |  |
| **97.1** | **[Compensation Recovery Policy](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1589149/000149315224014799/ex10-54.htm)** | **10-K** | **001-41452** | **10.54** | **April 16, 2024** |

---

**\* filed herewith.**

**\*\*** **Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished and shall not be deemed to be "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall such exhibits be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise specifically stated in such filing.**

**+ Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan.**

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **GREENWAVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, INC.** | **GREENWAVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, INC.** |
| Date: November 19, 2025 | By: | */s/ Danny Meeks* |
|  |  | Danny Meeks, Chief Executive Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |
| Date: November 19, 2025 | By: | */s/ Danny Meeks* |
|  |  | Danny Meeks, Interim Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

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## Exhibit 19.1

**Exhibit 19.1**

**Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc.**

**<u>INSIDER TRADING POLICY</u>**

**Dated: August 27, 2018**

**<u>SUMMARY</u>**

Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. (the "Greenwave" or the "Company") has adopted formal policies and procedures to prevent insider trading violations by its officers, directors, employees and related individuals. The following summary is presented in question and answer format. **The following information is a summary only. All persons subject to the insider trading policy must read the entire policy.**

*What is the insider trading policy?*

The insider trading policy contains rules applicable to our officers, directors, employees, consultants and vendors, and related individuals, concerning trading in stock or other securities of Greenwave and companies with whom Greenwave does business. Among other things, the policy prohibits trading in Greenwave securities while in possession of inside information.

*What is "inside information?"*

Inside information is material, non-public information concerning Greenwave or any other public company with whom Greenwave does business. The policy contains many examples of types of material, non-public information.

*Who is subject to the insider trading policy?*

The policy covers the officers, directors, employees, consultants and vendors of Greenwave and all of its subsidiaries. The policy also covers family members of these persons and others who have or may have access to inside information, including family members whose investments are controlled or influenced by these persons.

*Who is the compliance officer and what does he do?*

Danny Meeks is currently the compliance officer under this insider trading policy. The compliance officer is responsible for ensuring compliance with the policy, and his duties include pre-approving all trades by persons subject to the pre-approval requirements described below.

*Who are Section 16 Insiders?*

Section 16 is part of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. It requires certain senior officers, directors and large stockholders to file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission about their shareholdings and trades. The Section 16 Insiders are listed on <u>Exhibit A</u> to the policy. Section 16 Insiders are considered "Access Personnel" under the policy. <u>Exhibit A</u> will be automatically amended whenever the Greenwave Board of Directors changes the designation of Section 16 insiders.

*Who are Access Personnel?*

Access Personnel include the Section 16 Insiders and other persons who, by virtue of their position, are likely to have access to material non-public information on a more frequent basis than other Covered Persons. The Access Personnel are listed on <u>Exhibit B</u> to the policy. <u>Exhibit B</u> may be updated from time to time by the compliance officer.

*Is anyone else considered Access Personnel?*

Occasionally, the compliance officer may designate additional persons as Access Personnel on a temporary basis if they gain access to inside information. The compliance officer will inform people in writing if they become Access Personnel, and will inform them when they are no longer deemed Access Personnel.

*What special restrictions apply to Access Personnel?*

Access Personnel are subject to <u>one or both</u> of the following restrictions:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. No trading in Greenwave securities during times of the year called blackout periods.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Required approval of the compliance officer prior to trading in Greenwave securities, even outside of the blackout periods. <u>Exhibit B</u> lists the restrictions applicable to each Access Personnel. Such restrictions may be changed from time to time.

*What is the blackout period?*

The blackout period during which certain Access Personnel cannot trade in Greenwave securities begins fifteen (15) calendar days before the last trading day of a fiscal quarter, and ends at the commencement of trading on the third trading day following public release of the Company's annual or quarterly financial results. Greenwave may extend the blackout period or implement different blackout periods at any time by giving written notice to all Access Personnel. In addition, Greenwave may waive compliance with a blackout period if all material information concerning the Company has been publicly disclosed or is known by both parties to the proposed transaction. It is important to remember that even outside of the blackout period, Covered Persons are prohibited from buying, selling or otherwise transferring Greenwave securities if they are aware of material non-public information.

*What are the pre-clearance requirements?*

Certain Access Personnel must obtain the written permission of the compliance officer prior to engaging in any trade in Greenwave securities. Approval may take up to two business days, so Access Personnel subject to this restriction should plan in advance. When Access Personnel request permission to make a trade, the compliance officer will complete a pre-clearance checklist and if the trade is approved, will give written permission for the trade. The written permission will expire at the end of the second trading day following the date of written permission unless a longer period is granted in the sole discretion of the compliance officer. Any such permission will automatically expire without advance notice upon the commencement of a blackout period.

*What is the restriction on market limit orders?*

Market limit orders are open orders placed with a broker which are to be executed only if the securities reach a certain price. A market limit order may continue indefinitely, or it may expire at a set time. In order to prevent Access Personnel from accidentally engaging in a trade when trading is not allowed, Access Personnel subject to pre-clearance requirements may not enter any market limit orders with their brokers for Greenwave securities except market limit orders which expire within the time allowed for trading after receiving written permission to trade from the compliance officer.

Access Personnel subject to blackout periods may not enter into any market limit orders with their brokers for Greenwave securities other than orders which expire before the commencement of the next blackout period. The above restrictions are not applicable to approved Rule 10b5-1 plans (see below).

*Does the policy have exceptions for Rule 10b5-1 plans?*

The Company will in certain cases permit persons subject to this policy to enter into "blind trusts" or advance trading plans, and thereby avoid the prohibitions in the policy on trading while in possession of inside information. All such plans by Access Personnel will require approval by the compliance officer, which approval must be obtained in advance of any trade that would otherwise be subject to the policy.

*I am not listed as Access Personnel. Does the policy apply to me?*

Yes. While people who are not Access Personnel are not subject to the blackout periods or pre-clearance requirements, all employees and consultants of Greenwave and its subsidiaries are prohibited from trading while in possession of inside information.

*Can I sell Greenwave shares short?*

No. Selling shares short is a bet that the price of Greenwave common stock will go down. We cannot have a situation where any of our employees or consultants would benefit financially at the expense of our existing stockholders. The same policy applies to acquiring any derivative security (such as a put option) whose value would increase if the stock price goes down. Section 16 Insiders are prohibited by law, as well as by the policy, from selling short.

*What about my options issued pursuant to one of Greenwave's stock option or employee stock purchase plans?*

You may exercise options issued by Greenwave for cash, and you may complete purchases under a tax-qualified employee stock purchase plan, during blackout periods and even if you possess inside information. The special exceptions for exercise of an option and for employee stock purchase plan purchases do not apply to the sale of the Greenwave common stock you receive on exercise or purchase. All sales of Greenwave common stock are subject to the policy. Unless you have sufficient cash to pay the exercise price and you intend to hold the shares you acquire upon exercise of an option, you should determine whether you are permitted to sell the shares before you exercise the option.

*Can I pledge my securities in a margin account or to secure another type of loan?*

Access Personnel may not hold securities of Greenwave in a margin account. Access Personnel may not pledge securities to secure other loans without special permission from the compliance officer. Permission for pledges may be granted only at a time when you are permitted to trade in Greenwave securities.

*What are the penalties for violation of the policy?*

Violation of the policy may expose the violator to severe criminal and civil penalties. Greenwave will consider disciplinary action, up to and including termination, of any person who violates the policy.

**Greenwave Technology Solutions**

**<u>INSIDER TRADING POLICY</u>**

**Dated: August 27, 2018**

Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. ("Greenwave" or the "Company"), has implemented an Insider Trading Policy (the "Policy") to provide guidelines to officers, directors, employees and related individuals of the Company and its subsidiaries with respect to transactions in the Company's securities. The Policy is designed to prevent insider trading or the appearance of impropriety, to satisfy the Company's obligation to reasonably supervise the activities of Company personnel, and to help Company personnel avoid the severe consequences associated with violations of insider trading laws.

**<u>Introductory Information</u>**

**Definition of Inside Information**

"Inside Information" means material, non-public information. Information is material if a reasonable investor would consider it important to the total mix of information available about the Company. Information is non-public if it has not been explicitly disclosed by the Company in a press release or report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or by another manner involving broad disclosure to the investing public. Information remains non-public until it has been so disclosed and the market has had time to absorb and evaluate the information.

Examples of types of information that will frequently be material include:

● operating or financial results,

● changes in earnings estimates,

● significant changes in sales volumes, market share, product pricing, mix of sales, strategic plans, or liquidity,

● the gain or loss of a substantial customer or supplier,

● a pending or proposed merger, acquisition or tender offer,

● a significant sale of assets or the disposition of a subsidiary,

● execution of a business contract that is important to the company financially, strategically or otherwise,

● the award or cancellation of significant licenses or sales contracts,

● significant policy changes by the Company's vendors or third party service providers,

● major management changes,

● public or private financing transactions,

● plans for substantial capital investment,

● significant write-offs or increases in reserves,

● impending bankruptcy or financial liquidity problems,

● a significant cybersecurity breach,

● significant regulatory approvals or challenges,

● a change in state or federal law relating to the Company's industry,

● a change in federal enforcement practices with respect to participants in the Company's industry,

● pending or threatened litigation of potential significance to the company, or settlement or other resolution of ongoing litigation,

● significant new platform features or changes to existing platform features,

● delays in product development or problems with quality control,

● a stock split or other recapitalization,

● a change in dividend policy,

● a redemption or purchase by the Company of its securities, and

● any other information which is likely to have a significant impact on the Company.

<u>Either positive or negative information may be material</u>.

In general, information that is likely to affect the market price of a security is likely to be considered material.

If your securities transactions become the subject of scrutiny, they will be viewed after-the-fact with the benefit of hindsight. As a result, Covered Persons should give careful thought to whether any facts and circumstances exist that could raise suspicions about the propriety of the proposed transaction after the fact; for example, as to whether information that the covered person has become aware of may be construed as "material" and "nonpublic."

You should contact the Compliance Officer identified below if you are considering a transaction in Company securities shortly after public disclosures of material information by the Company.

**Other Definitions**

"Access Personnel" include the Section 16 Insiders, and other persons who, by virtue of their position, are likely to have access to Inside Information on a more frequent basis than other Covered Persons. Access Personnel are listed on <u>Exhibit B</u> to this Policy. The compliance officer may from time to time designate certain persons not listed on <u>Exhibit B</u> as Access Personnel for purposes of this Policy if they gain access to Inside Information even for a limited period of time. The compliance officer will update <u>Exhibit B</u> from time to time as appropriate. All persons who, temporarily or permanently, become Access Personnel for purposes of this Policy will be given written notice.

"Blackout Period" applies to certain Access Personnel designated on <u>Exhibit B</u>, and is described below under the heading "Specific Procedures Applicable to Access Personnel."

"Compliance Officer" is the insider trading compliance officer appointed pursuant to this Policy. The Compliance Officer is currently Isaac Dietrich, but may be changed at any time by the Company with written notice to all Covered Persons.

"Covered Persons" are described below under the heading "Applicability of Policy to Covered Persons."

"Section 16 Insiders" are the executive officers and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries who are subject to the reporting and liability provisions of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Section 16 Insiders are listed on <u>Exhibit A</u> to this Policy. <u>Exhibit A</u> will be updated automatically whenever the Board changes the designation of Section 16 insiders.

**Transactions Covered by the Policy**

This Policy applies to all transactions in the Company's securities, including common stock, options for common stock and other securities the Company may issue from time to time, such as preferred stock, warrants and convertible debentures, as well as to derivative securities relating to the Company's stock, whether or not issued by the Company (such as exchange-traded options). It applies to all officers of the Company, all members of the Company's Board of Directors, and all employees of, and consultants, contractors and vendors to, the Company and its subsidiaries, and will continue to apply to such persons for a period of ninety (90) days after their separation from the Company. It also applies to family members of such persons, and to others, to the extent such persons come to have access to Inside Information. Persons subject to this Policy are referred to as "Covered Persons."

Any person who possesses Inside Information regarding the Company is a Covered Person for so long as the information is non-public.

Bona fide gifts are generally not transactions subject to the Policy, unless the person making the gift has reason to believe that the recipient intends to sell Company securities while the Covered Person is restricted from trading under the Policy (including outside of a Blackout Period if the Covered Person is aware of material non-public information).

Transactions in mutual funds that hold Company securities are generally not transactions subject to the Policy. However, transactions in mutual funds may be prohibited under the Policy if a Covered Person becomes aware of material non-public information which might materially affect the value of the mutual fund as a whole.

Covered Persons are expected to use good judgment and contact the Compliance Officer in advance of a transaction if they have any doubt about whether a transaction is covered by the Policy.

**Application of Policy After Relationship Terminates**

If you are subject to a Blackout Period imposed by this Policy and your relationship terminates during a Blackout Period (or if you otherwise leave while in possession of Inside Information), you will continue to be subject to the Policy, and specifically to the ongoing prohibition against trading, until the later of the end of the Blackout Period or the commencement of trading on the second trading day following public announcement of any Inside Information of which you are aware.

If a Blackout Period is extended, or if a Blackout Period does not end on its normal date as the result of the commencement of a subsequent Blackout Period prior to the termination of the prior Blackout Period, the Compliance Officer may in his discretion waive the applicability of the extended or new Blackout Period to a person whose relationship with the Company has terminated during the prior Blackout Period, if the Compliance Officer determines that such person has not had access to any Inside Information relating to the extended or new Blackout Period.

The Company may institute stop-transfer instructions to its transfer agent in order to enforce this provision.

**The Company's Policy**

**It is the policy of the Company that any Covered Person who possesses Inside Information about the Company may not buy or sell securities of the Company nor engage in any other action to take advantage of, or pass on to others, that information. This includes posting of Inside Information in chat-rooms or via other electronic communications. This Policy also applies to information relating to any other company, including customers, vendors or suppliers of the Company, obtained in the course of employment by or service to the Company.**

**Illegality of Insider Trading**

It is illegal for any Covered Person to trade in the securities of the Company using material, non-public information about the Company. It is also illegal for any Covered Person to give Inside Information to others who may trade on the basis of that information.

**Specific Policies Applicable to All Covered Persons**

The Company intends to comply with the spirit as well as the letter of the insider trading laws. The Company's policy is to avoid even the appearance of improper conduct on the part of anyone employed by or associated with the Company, whether or not the conduct is literally in violation of the law.

1. *Trading on Inside Information.* No Covered Person and no member of the immediate family or household of any such person, may trade or otherwise engage in any transaction involving a purchase or sale of the Company's securities, including but not limited to, any offer to purchase or offer to sell, during any period commencing with the date that he or she possesses Inside Information concerning the Company, and ending when all material information known to such person has been available to investors generally for at least two (2) business days. Transactions that may be necessary or justifiable for independent reasons (such as the need to raise money for an emergency expenditure) are no exception. Even the appearance of an improper transaction must be avoided to preserve our reputation for adhering to the highest standards of conduct.

2. *Tipping.* No Covered Person may disclose ("tip") Inside Information to any other person (including family members) where such information may be used by such person to his or her profit by trading in the securities of companies to which such information relates. No Covered Person may recommend the purchase or sale of any Company securities, or pass on to any person any material non-public information concerning the Company, whether or not the Covered Person has any information regarding such person's intention to engage in any transaction involving Company securities.

3. *Confidentiality of Non-public Information; Prohibition on Electronic Posting of Confidential Information.* Non-public information relating to the Company is the property of the Company and the unauthorized disclosure of such information is forbidden. Covered Persons are prohibited from posting confidential information relating to the Company, including but not limited to material non-public information, in internet chat rooms, on online message boards, on social media and social networking websites or through the use of any other form of electronic communication.

4. *No Short Sales.* Because short sales represent a bet that the Company's stock price will decline, the Company prohibits all Covered Persons from shorting the Company's stock. The Company also prohibits Covered Persons from acquiring any security or position which would increase in value if the Company's stock price declines, such as a put option. Short sales by Section 16 Insiders are prohibited by law as well as by this Policy. Any questions as to whether a transaction is a prohibited short sale should be raised with the Compliance Officer.

5. *Publicly-Traded Options*. Given the relatively short term of publicly-traded options, transactions in options may create the appearance that a Covered Person is trading based on material non-public information and focus a Covered Person's attention on short-term performance at the expense of the Company's long-term objectives. Accordingly, transactions in put options, call options or other derivative securities, on an exchange or in any other organized market, are prohibited by the Policy.

6. *Hedging Transactions*. Hedging or monetization transactions can be accomplished through a number of possible mechanisms, including financial instruments such as prepaid variable forwards, equity swaps, collars and exchange funds. Such hedging transactions may permit a Covered Person to continue to own Company securities obtained through employee benefit plans or otherwise, but without the full risks and rewards of ownership. When that occurs, the Covered Person may no longer have the same objectives as the Company's other shareholders. Any person wishing to enter into such an arrangement must first submit the proposed transaction, all agreements therefor and a written explanation of the purpose of the proposed transaction to the Compliance Officer for approval. The Compliance Officer may accept, reject or condition such transaction in his or her sole discretion.

7. *Margin Accounts and Pledges*. Securities held in a margin account may be sold by the broker without the customer's consent if the customer fails to meet a margin call. Similarly, securities pledged as collateral for a loan may be sold in foreclosure if the borrower defaults on the loan or, in many instances, if the value of the collateral declines. Because a margin sale or foreclosure sale may occur at a time when the pledger is aware of material non-public information regarding the Company, Covered Persons are prohibited from holding securities of the Company in a margin account or pledging such securities as collateral for a loan. An exception to this prohibition may be permitted in certain limited circumstances with the advance written approval of the Compliance Officer. The Compliance Officer may accept, reject or condition such transaction in its sole discretion.

8. *Securities of Other Companies*. The foregoing provisions also apply to trading in the securities of other companies, including the Company's customers, vendors and suppliers, if any Covered Person becomes aware of material non-public information relating to such companies in the course of performing his or her duties for the Company. Covered Persons are prohibited from disclosing any material non-public information concerning other companies that they gain as part of their employment.

9. *Expert Networks*. "Expert networks" are firms that connect investment firms and others seeking information about specific industries, companies, products or business situations with outside experts who are able to provide information on such topics. Covered Persons may not act as consultants or employees of expert network firms or any similar enterprises unless the engagement has been approved in writing by the Compliance Officer.

**Transactions by Family Members and Others**

The Policy applies to family members and domestic partners of Covered Persons who reside in the same household with the Covered Person and family members who do not live in the Covered Person's household but whose transactions in Company securities are directed by a Covered Person or are subject to a Covered Person's influence or control (collectively, "Family Members"). Family Members generally include spouse, domestic partner, children and stepchildren, a child away at college and grandchildren, and may include parents, stepparents, grandparents, siblings and in-laws. Questions as to which persons are subject to the restrictions of the Policy should be directed to the Compliance Officer. Each Covered Person is responsible for the transactions in Company securities of these other persons and therefore should make them aware of the need to confer with him or her before trading in Company securities.

**Transactions by Entities Affiliated with a Covered Person**

The Policy applies to any entities whose transactions in Company securities are influenced or controlled by a Covered Person, including corporations, partnerships or trusts (collectively, "Controlled Entities"). Transactions by these Controlled Entities will be treated for the purposes of the Policy as if they are for the account of the affiliated Covered Person.

**Potential Criminal and Civil Liability and/or Disciplinary Action**

Penalties for trading on or communicating material non-public information are severe and may be applied against the individual involved in unlawful conduct, as well as against the Company and controlling persons of the Company. A person can be subject to some or all of the penalties noted below even if he or she does not personally benefit from the violation. Penalties include:

1. *Liability for Insider Trading*. Covered Persons may be subject to penalties of up to $5,000,000 and up to twenty years in jail for engaging in transactions in securities at a time when they have knowledge of Inside Information regarding the subject company.

2. *Liability for Tipping*. Covered Persons may also be liable for improper transactions by any person (commonly referred to as a "tippee") to whom they have disclosed Inside Information regarding the Company or to whom they have made recommendations or expressed opinions on the basis of such information as to trading in the Company's securities. The SEC has imposed large penalties even when the disclosing person did not profit from the trading. The SEC, the stock exchanges and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority use sophisticated electronic surveillance techniques to uncover insider trading.

3. *Disciplinary Actions*. Covered Persons who violate this Policy will be subject to disciplinary action by the Company, which may include, in addition to other sanctions, ineligibility for future participation in the Company's equity incentive plans or termination of employment.

4. *Stop Transfer Order*. The Company may in its discretion impose or maintain stop transfer orders on securities held by Covered Persons during a Blackout Period.

You should be aware that stock market surveillance techniques have become extremely sophisticated and are being improved all the time. The chance that federal authorities or exchange regulators will detect even small-level trading is a significant one.

**Individual Responsibility**

Every Covered Person has the individual responsibility to comply with this Policy against insider trading, regardless of whether the Company has implemented a Blackout Period applicable to the Covered Person. Appropriate judgment should be exercised in connection with any trade or other restrictions in the Company's securities.

**A Covered Person may, from time to time, have to forego a proposed transaction in the Company's securities even if he or she planned to make the transaction before learning of the Inside Information and even though the Covered Person believes he or she may suffer an economic loss or forego an anticipated profit by waiting. Covered Persons who have anticipated needs for liquidity should strongly consider adopting a Rule 10b5-1 plan.**

**Applicability of Policy to Inside Information Regarding Other Companies**

This Policy also applies to Inside Information relating to other companies, including the Company's customers, vendors or suppliers ("business partners"), when that information is obtained in the course of employment with, or other services performed on behalf of, the Company. Civil and criminal penalties, and termination of employment, may result from trading on inside information regarding the Company's business partners. All employees should treat Inside Information about the Company's business partners with the same care required with respect to information related directly to the Company.

**<u>Specific Procedures Applicable to Access Personnel</u>**

**Blackout Period**

To ensure compliance with this Policy and applicable federal and state securities laws, it is the Company's policy that certain Access Personnel designated on <u>Exhibit B</u> refrain from conducting any transactions involving the purchase or sale of the Company's securities during a "Blackout Period." The Blackout Period begins on the day which is fifteen (15) calendar days before the last trading day of a fiscal quarter, and ends at the commencement of trading on the third trading day following public release of the Company's annual or quarterly financial results. The Compliance Officer may extend the Blackout Period, or adopt additional Blackout Periods, in his or her sole discretion. The Compliance Officer may waive compliance with a Blackout Period if, following consultation with the Board of Directors and the Company's legal counsel, the Compliance Officer concludes that all material information concerning the Company has been publicly disclosed or, in the case of a proposed private transaction in the Company's securities, that neither party to such transaction is in possession of Inside Information which is not also known by the other party.

The safest period for trading in the Company's securities, assuming the absence of Inside Information, is generally the first ten days after the expiration of the Blackout Period for the prior quarter.

It is important to remember that, even if outside the Blackout Period, no Covered Person may trade in Company securities while in possession of Inside Information. Trading in the Company's securities outside of a Blackout Period should not be considered a "safe harbor," and all Access Personnel and other Covered Persons should use good judgment at all times. You should contact the Compliance Officer in advance of a transaction if you have any questions regarding a particular securities transaction.

**Pre-Clearance of Trades**

Certain Access Personnel of the Company must comply with the Company's pre-clearance process prior to engaging in any trade at any time in the Company's securities**. Such Access Personnel must contact the Compliance Officer, at least two (2) business days prior to commencing any trade in the Company's securities.**

The Compliance Officer will complete a pre-clearance checklist in the form attached as <u>Exhibit C</u> to this Policy and if the trade is approved, will give written permission for the trade in the form attached as <u>Exhibit D</u> to this Policy. The written permission will expire at the end of the second trading day following the date of written permission or the beginning of the Blackout Period, whichever is earlier. Accordingly, Access Personnel should not request permission to trade unless there is an intention to execute the trade immediately following receipt of written permission. The Compliance Officer is under no obligation to approve a transaction submitted for pre-clearance, and may determine not to permit the transaction in his or her sole discretion.

**Further Restrictions**

As circumstances dictate, the Company may restrict trading by Access Personnel during otherwise open trading window periods. For example, the Company may restrict trading by Access Personnel during an ongoing cybersecurity investigation until the Company determines whether the incident is "material". In such event, the Compliance Officer will notify particular individuals that they should not engage in any transactions involving the Company's securities until such further restrictions are lifted by further notice. The notice need not state the reason for the further restrictions. Access Personnel who receive such notice should not disclose to others the existence of such further restrictions. Generally, these further restricted periods will end upon the earlier of the circumstances no longer being material or the open of market on the second trading day following the Company's public disclosure of such circumstances or their resolution.

**Restriction on Market Limit Orders**

In order to prevent Access Personnel from accidentally engaging in a trade when trading is not allowed, Access Personnel subject to Blackout Periods may not enter into any market limit orders with their brokers for securities of the Company other than orders which expire no later than the commencement of the next Blackout Period. Access Personnel subject to pre-clearance requirements are subject to the additional restriction that they may not enter any market limit orders for securities of the Company except market limit orders which expire within the time allowed for trading after receiving written permission to trade from the Compliance Officer. All other market limit orders by Access Personnel for securities of the Company are prohibited. This paragraph does not however apply to approve Rule 10b5-1 plans.

**Margin Accounts and Pledges**

A pledge of securities may be considered a sale under the securities laws. In addition, securities held in a margin account or pledged as collateral for a loan may be sold by the broker without the customer's consent if the customer fails to meet a margin call. Similarly, securities pledged (or hypothecated) as collateral for a loan may be sold in foreclosure if the borrower defaults on the loan. Because the initial pledge may be a sale, and a later margin sale or foreclosure sale may occur at a time when the pledger is aware of Inside Information or otherwise is not permitted to trade in securities of the Company, Access Personnel are prohibited from holding Company securities in a margin account or pledging Company securities for a loan. An exception to this prohibition may be granted where a person wishes to pledge Company securities as collateral for a loan (not including margin debt), if such person is otherwise permitted to transact in Company securities at the time of the pledge, and if such person clearly demonstrates the financial capacity to repay the loan without resort to the pledged securities. Any person who wishes to pledge Company securities as collateral for a loan must submit a request for approval to the Compliance Officer at least two weeks prior to the proposed execution of documents evidencing the proposed pledge.

**<u>Exception for Pre-Arranged Trading Programs</u>**

**<u>(Rule 10b5-1)</u>**

Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act allows a person to trade while aware of material non-public information if the trade was executed pursuant to a plan satisfying the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 (a "trading plan") that was established at a time when the person was not aware of material non-public information. Rule 10b5-1 is a complicated rule that requires sophisticated planning and should not be relied upon without the advice of one's own legal counsel or personal financial adviser.

**Specific Requirements**

Trades in Company securities that are executed pursuant to an approved trading plan are not subject to the prohibitions in the Policy, including Blackout Periods or pre-clearance requirements for Access Personnel. Trading plans must meet the following requirements:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. *Pre-Approval*.
 For a Rule 10b5-1 plan to serve as an adequate defense against an allegation of insider trading,
 a number of legal requirements must be satisfied. Accordingly, anyone wishing to establish
 a Rule 10b5-1 plan must first receive approval from the Compliance Officer.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. *Material Non-public Information and Special Blackouts*. An individual desiring to enter into a
 Rule 10b5-1 plan must enter into the plan at a time when he or she is not aware of any material
 nonpublic information about the Company or otherwise subject to a special trading blackout

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. *Open Trading Window*. A Rule 10b5-1 plan may only be adopted during an open trading window
 (i.e., outside of a Blackout Period).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. *30-Day Waiting Period*. Rapid transaction executions subsequent to plan adoption may create an
 appearance of impropriety and call into question whether a plan adopter had material non-public
 information at the time of plan adoption. To avoid even the appearance of impropriety, the
 Company requires a waiting period of 30 days between the date the Rule 10b5-1 plan is adopted
 and the date of the first possible transaction under the plan.

Trading plans may not be instituted, amended or terminated, and deviations from such plans may not be made during a Blackout Period or at a time when a Covered Person is aware of material non-public information. Any amendment or termination of an approved trading plan requires the advance approval of the Compliance Officer. The Compliance Officer may circulate from time to time criteria for clearance of trading plans. Section 16 Insiders must provide prompt notice to the Compliance Officer of all transactions under trading plans to facilitate filings required under Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act. Such filings are generally due within two (2) business days of a trade. The Company reserves the right to bar any transactions in Company securities, even those pursuant to trading plans previously approved, if the Compliance Officer or the Board of Directors, in consultation with the Compliance Officer, determines that such a bar is appropriate under the circumstances.

**<u>Exception for Stock Options and Employee Stock Purchase Plans</u>**

The Policy does not apply to the exercise of an employee stock option acquired pursuant to the Company's plans, or to the exercise of a tax withholding right pursuant to which a person has elected to have the Company withhold shares subject to an option to satisfy tax withholding requirements. The Policy does apply, however, to any sale of stock as part of a broker-assisted cashless exercise of an option and to any other market sale for the purpose of generating the cash needed to pay the exercise price of an option.

Purchases of Company stock through a 401(k) plan or employee stock purchase plan ("ESPP") resulting from your periodic contribution of money to the plan pursuant to your payroll deduction election are also exempt from this Policy, since the other party to those transactions is the Company itself and the price is determined by the terms of the option agreement or the plan. The trading restrictions do apply, however, to elections you may make to (a) begin participation or change participation levels in any ESPP or Company stock fund in the 401(k) plan, (b) sell any shares purchased under the ESPP, and (c) initiate an intra-plan transfer of an existing account balance into or out of the Company stock fund in the 401(k) plan.

**<u>Additional Information - Directors and Executive Officers</u>**

Directors and executive officers of the Company must also comply with the reporting obligations and limitations on short-swing transactions set forth in Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The practical effect of these provisions is that Section 16 Insiders who purchase and sell the Company's securities within a six-month period must disgorge all profits to the Company whether or not they had knowledge of any Inside Information. Under these provisions, and so long as certain other criteria are met, in most cases neither the receipt of an option under the Company's option plans, nor the exercise of that option is deemed a purchase under Section 16; however, the sale of any such shares is a sale under Section 16. The exercise of options by Section 16 Insiders, although not subject to short-swing liability, must be disclosed on a Form 4 filed **within two business days after the exercise occurs**. The participation by executive officers in a tax-qualified employee stock purchase plan will not generally result in a Section 16 short-swing liability or reporting obligations; however the sale of any shares acquired is subject to Section 16 reporting and short-swing liability. Generally, all other purchases and sales of Company securities by Section 16 Insiders must be disclosed on a Form 4 filed **within two business days after the transaction occurs**. Moreover, no officer or director may ever make a short sale of the Company's stock. The Company has provided, or will provide, separate memoranda and other appropriate materials to its officers and directors regarding compliance with Section 16 and its related rules.

**<u>Certification</u>**

Covered Persons will be required to certify their understanding of and compliance with this Policy on an annual basis, in the form attached as <u>Exhibit E</u> to this Policy.

**<u>Inquiries</u>**

Please direct your questions as to any of the matters discussed in the Policy to the Compliance Officer.

**<u>Duties of Compliance Officer</u>**

The duties of the Compliance Officer include the following:

1. Pre-clearance
 of all transactions involving the Company's securities by Access Personnel designated
 for pre-clearance on Exhibit B in order to determine compliance with the Policy, insider
 trading laws, Section 16 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 144 promulgated
 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

2. Assistance
 in the preparation of Section 16 reports (Forms 3, 4 and 5) for all Section 16 Insiders.

3. Performance
 of cross-checks of available materials, which may include Forms 3, 4 and 5, Forms 144, officers
 and directors questionnaires, and reports received from the Company's stock administrator
 and transfer agent, to determine trading activity by officers, directors and others who have,
 or may have, access to Inside Information.

4. Circulation
 of the Policy to all Covered Persons on an annual basis, and provision of the Policy and
 other appropriate materials to any officers, directors or others who have, or may have, access
 to Inside Information.

5. Reviewing
 proposed Rule 10b5-1 plans of Covered Persons.

6. Assisting
 the Company's Board of Directors in implementation of the Policy.

7. Updating
 from time to time, as applicable, the list of Access Personnel on <u>Exhibit B</u> of the
 Policy.

**EXHIBIT A**

**SECTION 16**

**INSIDERS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Title** |
| Danny Meeks | Chief Executive, Chairman and Director |

---

**EXHIBIT B**

**<u>ACCESS PERSONNEL</u>**

All Section 16 Insiders listed on <u>Exhibit A</u> are Access Personnel, and subject to pre-clearance requirements and Blackout Periods. In addition, the following persons are Access Personnel, and are subject to the indicated restrictions:

Name Title Blackout Periods Pre-Clearance <br> Susan Roderick Office Administrator X X

**EXHIBIT C**

**<u>INSIDER TRADING COMPLIANCE PROGRAM - PRE-CLEARANCE CHECKLIST</u>**

---

| |
|:---|
| Individual Proposing To Trade: |
| Compliance Officer: |
| Proposed Trade: |
| Date: |

---

**<u>No Blackout</u>**. Confirm that the trade will not be made during a "Blackout Period." ☐

**<u>Section 16 Compliance</u>**. Confirm, if the individual is an officer or director subject to Section 16, that the proposed trade will not give rise to any potential liability under Section 16 as a result of matched past (or intended future) transactions. Also, ensure that a Form 4 has been or will be completed and will be filed within two (2) business days of the trade. ☐

**<u>Prohibited Trades</u>**. Confirm that the proposed transaction is not a short sale, put, call or other prohibited transaction. ☐

**<u>Rule 144 Compliance</u>**. To the extent applicable confirm that:

The current public information requirement has been met. ☐

Shares to be sold are not restricted or, if restricted, the holding period has been met. ☐

Volume limitations are not exceeded (confirm the individual is not part of an aggregated group). ☐

The manner of sale requirements have been met. ☐

The Notice on Form 144 has been completed and filed. ☐

**<u>Rule 10b-5 Concerns</u>**. Confirm that:

The individual has been reminded that trading is prohibited when in possession of any material information regarding the Company that has not been adequately disclosed to the public. ☐

The Compliance Officer has discussed with the insider any information known to the individual or the Compliance Officer which might be considered material, so that the individual has made an informed judgment as to the presence of inside information. ☐

<br> Signature of Compliance Officer

**EXHIBIT D**

**<u>PERMISSION TO TRADE</u>**

_________ is hereby permitted to buy/sell [circle one] shares of the common stock of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc.

*[Include the following if sales to be made by affiliates pursuant to Rule 144.* The securities must be sold in a broker's transaction, and you may not solicit or arrange for the solicitation of an order to buy the securities you are selling, or make any payment in connection with the offer and sale to any person other than the broker who executes an order to sell the securities.]

The permission to sell will expire on the close of trading on _________, 20__.

Very truly yours, <br>   <br> Signature of Compliance Officer

**EXHIBIT E**

**<u>CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE</u>**

I represent that I have read, and promise to comply with, the Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. Insider Trading Policy.

  <br> Name: <br> Date:

## Exhibit 21.1

**Exhibit 21.1**

**SUBSIDIAIRES OF GREENWAVE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS INC.**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Subsidiaries** | **Place of Incorporation** |
| Empire Services Inc. | Virginia |
| Liverman Metal Recycling, Inc. | North Carolina |
| Scrap App, Inc. | Delaware |
| Empire Staffing, LLC | Delaware |
| Greenwave Elite Sports Facility, Inc. | Delaware |

---

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

**CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Danny Meeks, certify that:

1. I
 have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc.;

2. Based
 on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or
 omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
 under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered
 by this report;

3. Based
 on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this
 report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations
 and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The
 registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining
 disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e))
 and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f)
 and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. designed
 such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures
 to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the
 registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
 those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. designed
 such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial
 reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding
 the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
 purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated
 the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented
 in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,
 as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. disclosed
 in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting
 that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's
 fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is
 reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial
 reporting; and

5. The
 registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent
 evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors
 and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the
 equivalent function):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. all
 significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control
 over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's
 ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. any
 fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant
 role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Dated: November 19, 2025 | By: | */s/ Danny Meeks* |
|  |  | Danny Meeks |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (*Principal Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer*) |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Danny Meeks, certify that:

1. I
 have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc.;

2. Based
 on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or
 omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
 under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered
 by this report;

3. Based
 on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this
 report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations
 and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The
 registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining
 disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e))
 and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f)
 and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. designed
 such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures
 to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the
 registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
 those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. designed
 such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial
 reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding
 the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
 purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated
 the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented
 in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,
 as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. disclosed
 in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting
 that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's
 fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is
 reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial
 reporting; and

5. The
 registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent
 evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors
 and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the
 equivalent function):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a. all
 significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control
 over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's
 ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. any
 fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant
 role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Dated: November 19, 2025 | By: | */s/ Danny Meeks* |
|  |  | Danny Meeks |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (*Principal Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer*) |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Danny Meeks, in my capacity as Chief Executive Officer of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc., certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. for the period ended March 31, 2025 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Dated: November 19, 2025 | By: | */s/ Danny Meeks* |
|  |  | Danny Meeks |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (*Principal Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer*) |

---

## Exhibit 32.2

**Exhibit 32.2**

**CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Danny Meeks, in my capacity as Chief Financial Officer of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc., certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. for the period ended March 31, 2025 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Dated: November 19, 2025 | By: | */s/ Danny Meeks* |
|  |  | Danny Meeks |
|  |  | Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (*Principal Executive, Financial and Accounting Officer*) |

---