# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000731012
**File Stem:** 0000731012-26-000009
**Filing Date:** 2026-2
**Character Count:** 329642
**Document Hash:** 13ac815a38d071c7fc0bb350a0ce477c
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0000731012-26-000009.hdr.sgml**: 20260213

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0000731012-26-000009

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 122

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20251231

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260213

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260213

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP INC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000731012
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SERVICES-NURSING & PERSONAL CARE FACILITIES [8050]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 08 Industrial Applications and Services
- **EIN:** 232018365
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** PA
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 000-12015
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26633400

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 3220 TILLMAN DRIVE
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 300
- **CITY:** BENSALEM
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 19020
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 2159381661

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 3220 TILLMAN DRIVE
- **STREET 2:** SUITE 300
- **CITY:** BENSALEM
- **STATE:** PA
- **ZIP:** 19020

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? hcsg-20251231

 **UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**Form 10-K**

**(Mark One)**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| ☑ | **ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934** |

---

**For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025** 

**OR**

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from _______________ to _______________**

**Commission file number: 0-12015**

![HCSG_Logo No Tagline.jpg](hcsg-20251231_g1.jpg)

**HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.**

*(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)*

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Pennsylvania** | **23-2018365** |
| *(State or other jurisdiction of<br> incorporation or organization)* | *(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)* |
| **3220 Tillman Drive, Suite 300, Bensalem, PA** | **19020** |
| *(Address of principal executive offices)* | *(Zip Code)* |

---

**Registrant's telephone number, including area code:**

**(215) 639-4274**

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| *Title of each class* | *Trading Symbol(s)* | *Name of each exchange on which registered* |
| Common Stock, $0.01 par value | HCSG | Nasdaq Global Select Market |

---

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes 🗹&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ◻

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ◻&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No 🗹

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes 🗹&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes 🗹&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | 🗹 | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |
| | | Emerging growth company | ☐ |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the voting stock (Common Stock, $0.01 par value) held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the close of business on June 30, 2025 was approximately $897 million based on the closing sale price of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on that date. The determination of affiliate status is not a determination for any other purpose. The registrant does not have any non-voting common equity authorized or outstanding.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of Common Stock (Common Stock, $0.01 par value) as of the latest practicable date (February 11, 2026). 70,267,582

**DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE**

Portions of the Definitive Proxy Statement for the registrant's 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the "Proxy Statement"), to be filed within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, are incorporated by reference in Part III hereof. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part hereof.

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**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **PART I** | **PART I** | **<u>Page</u>** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 1.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_16)</u> | <u>[Business](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_16)</u> | <u>[1](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_16)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 1A.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_19)</u> | <u>[Risk Factors](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_19)</u> | <u>[6](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_19)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 1B.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_22)</u> | <u>[Unresolved Staff Comments](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_22)</u> | <u>[14](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_22)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 1C.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_25)</u> | <u>[Cybersecurity](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_25)</u> | <u>[14](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_25)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 2.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_28)</u> | <u>[Properties](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_28)</u> | <u>[15](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_28)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 3.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_31)</u> | <u>[Legal Proceedings](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_31)</u> | <u>[15](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_31)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 4.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_34)</u> | <u>[Mine Safety Disclosures](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_34)</u> | <u>[15](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_34)</u> |
| **PART II** | **PART II** |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 5.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_40)</u> | <u>[Market for Registrant](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_40)['](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_40)[s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_40)</u> | <u>[16](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_40)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 6.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_43)</u> | <u>[Reserved](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_43)</u> | <u>[18](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_43)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 7.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_46)</u> | <u>[Management](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_46)['](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_46)[s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_46)</u> | <u>[18](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_46)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 7A.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_88)</u> | <u>[Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_88)</u> | <u>[29](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_88)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 8.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_91)</u> | <u>[Financial Statements and Supplementary Data](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_91)</u> | <u>[30](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_91)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 9.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_199)</u> | <u>[Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_199)</u> | <u>[73](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_199)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 9A.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_202)</u> | <u>[Controls and Procedures](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_202)</u> | <u>[73](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_202)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 9B.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_205)</u> | <u>[Other Information](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_205)</u> | <u>[74](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_205)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 9C.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_208)</u> | <u>[Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_208)</u> | <u>[74](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_208)</u> |
| **PART III** | **PART III** |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 10.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_214)</u> | <u>[Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_214)</u> | <u>[75](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_214)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 11.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_217)</u> | <u>[Executive Compensation](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_217)</u> | <u>[75](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_217)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 12.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_220)</u> | <u>[Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_220)</u> | <u>[75](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_220)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 13.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_223)</u> | <u>[Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_223)</u> | <u>[75](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_223)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 14.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_226)</u> | <u>[Principal Accountant Fees and Services](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_226)</u> | <u>[75](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_226)</u> |
| **PART IV** | **PART IV** |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 15.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_232)</u> | <u>[Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_232)</u> | <u>[76](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_232)</u> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;<u>[Item 16.](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_235)</u> | <u>[Form 10-K Summary](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_235)</u> | <u>[76](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_235)</u> |
| <u>[Exhibit Index](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_241)</u> | <u>[Exhibit Index](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_241)</u> | <u>[78](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_241)</u> |
| <u>[Signatures](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_244)</u> | <u>[Signatures](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_244)</u> | <u>[79](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_244)</u> |

---

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS** 

This Form 10-K and documents incorporated by reference into it may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws, which are not historical facts but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and industry, and our beliefs and assumptions. Words such as "believes," "anticipates," "plans," "expects," "estimates," "will," "goal," "intend" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The inclusion of forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us that any of our plans will be achieved. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Such forward-looking information is also subject to various risks and uncertainties. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, risks arising from our providing services to the healthcare industry and primarily providers of long-term care; credit and collection risks associated with the healthcare industry; the impact of bank failures; our claims experience related to workers' compensation, general liability and other insurance programs; the effects of changes in, or interpretations of laws and regulations governing the healthcare industry, our workforce and services provided, including state and local regulations pertaining to the taxability of our services and other labor-related matters such as minimum wage increases; the Company's expectations with respect to selling, general and administrative expenses; the impact of past or future cyber attacks or breaches; global events including ongoing international conflicts; and the risk factors described in Part I of this report under "Government Regulation of Customers," "Service Agreements and Collections," and "Competition" and under "Item 1A. Risk Factors."

These factors, in addition to delays in payments from customers and/or customers undergoing restructurings, have resulted in, and could continue to result in, significant additional bad debts in the near future. Additionally, our operating results have been in the past and could in the future be adversely affected by continued inflation particularly if increases in the costs of labor and labor-related costs, materials, supplies and equipment used in performing services (including the impact of potential tariffs) cannot be passed on to our customers.

In addition, we believe that to improve our financial performance we must continue to obtain service agreements with new customers, retain and provide new services to existing customers, achieve modest price increases on current service agreements with existing customers and/or maintain internal cost reduction strategies at our various operational levels. Furthermore, we believe that our ability to sustain the internal development of managerial personnel is an important factor impacting future operating results and the successful execution of our projected growth strategies. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in that regard.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**PART I**

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21, which has been filed as part of this Report) is referred to using terms such as the "Company," "HCSG," "we," "us" or "our."

**Item I. Business.**

**General** 

Healthcare Services Group, Inc. is a Pennsylvania corporation, incorporated on November 22, 1976. We provide management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the environmental services, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary service departments of primarily healthcare facilities, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. We provide such services to approximately 2,800 facilities throughout the continental United States as of December 31, 2025. We believe we are the largest provider of housekeeping, laundry and dietary management services to the long-term care industry in the United States.

**Segment Information**

The information called for herein is discussed below in Description of Services, and within Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under Note 13 — Segment Information in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

**Description of Services**

We are organized into two reportable segments: housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services ("Environmental Services" or "EVS") and dietary department services ("Dietary"). Our corporate headquarters provides centralized financial management and support, legal services, human resources management and other administrative services to the Environmental Services and Dietary business segments.

We provide EVS services to approximately 2,300 customer facilities and provide Dietary services to approximately 1,600 facilities. Although we do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, our customers receive government reimbursements related to Medicare and Medicaid and are directly affected by any legislation and regulations relating to those programs.

We provide services primarily pursuant to full-service agreements with our customers. Under such agreements, we are responsible for the day-to-day management of our employees located at our customers' facilities, as well as for the provision of certain supplies. We also provide services on the basis of management-only agreements for a limited number of customers. Under a management-only agreement, we provide management and supervisory services while the customer facility retains payroll responsibility for the non-supervisory staff. In certain management-only agreements, the Company maintains responsibility for purchasing supplies. Our agreements with customers typically provide for a renewable service term cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days' notice after an initial period of 60 to 120 days.

***Environmental Services***

Environmental Services accounted for approximately 44.9%, or $824.7 million, of our consolidated revenues in 2025. Environmental Services consist of managing our customers' housekeeping departments, which are principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of resident rooms and common areas of the customers' facilities, as well as the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms, resident personal clothing and other assorted linen items utilized at the customers' facilities. Upon beginning service with a customer facility, we typically hire and train the employees previously employed by such facility and assign an on-site manager to supervise the front-line personnel and coordinate housekeeping services with other facility support functions in accordance with customer requests. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of various cost and quality control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation. On-site management is responsible for all daily customer housekeeping department activities with regular support provided by a District Manager specializing in such services.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

Environmental Services operating performance is significantly impacted by our management of labor costs. In order to normalize and evaluate such costs in the context of the Company's financial performance, management reviews labor costs as a percentage of EVS segment revenues. Environmental Services labor costs represented approximately 78.3% of EVS revenues for 2025. Changes in employee compensation resulting from legislative or other governmental actions, market factors, adjustments to staffing levels and the composition of our labor force may adversely impact these costs. Similarly, an increase in the costs of supplies consumed in performing Environmental Services may impact the segment's financial performance. In 2025, the cost of EVS supplies as a percentage of EVS revenues was 7.2%. Generally, the cost of such supplies is dictated by specific product market conditions, which are subject to price fluctuations influenced by factors outside of our control. Where possible, we negotiate fixed pricing from vendors for an extended period of time on certain supplies to mitigate such price fluctuations.

***Dietary***

Dietary services represented approximately 55.1%, or $1,012.5 million, of our consolidated revenues in 2025. Dietary services consist of managing our customers' dietary departments, which are principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and professional dietitian services, which include the development of menus that meet the dietary needs of residents taking into account their age, medical history, and current treatment plans. On-site management is responsible for all daily dietary department activities with regular support provided by a District Manager specializing in dietary services. Upon beginning service with a customer facility, we typically hire and train the employees previously employed by such facility and assign an on-site manager to supervise the front-line personnel and coordinate dietitian services with other facility support functions in accordance with customer requests, dietary restrictions and any applicable regulations. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of various cost and quality control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation.

Dietary operating performance is impacted by price fluctuations in labor and supply costs resulting from similar factors discussed above for Environmental Services. In 2025, the costs of labor and food-related supplies represented approximately 58.8% and 30.9% of Dietary segment revenues, respectively.

**Operational Management Structure**

By applying our professional management techniques, we offer our customers the ability to manage certain housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary services and costs. We manage and provide our services through a network of management personnel, as illustrated below.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Vice President of Operations | Vice President of Operations | Vice President of Operations | Vice President of Operations | Vice President of Operations |
| | | | | ↓ |
| | Director of Operations | Director of Operations | Director of Operations | Director of Operations |
| | | | | ↓ |
| | | District Manager | District Manager | District Manager |
| | | | | ↓ |
| | | | Facility Manager | Facility Manager |

---

Facilities are managed by an on-site Facility Manager, and if necessary, additional supervisory personnel. Such facility-level management personnel are responsible for the management of staff, scheduling, procurement, customer-service, quality control and overall day-to-day management of the Environmental Services or Dietary function.

District Managers oversee the operations of the facilities within their districts. Their responsibilities include oversight of Facility Managers and management of personnel, operational performance, quality control and customer satisfaction while ensuring adherence to the Company's systems and budgets. Directors of Operations oversee District Managers and provide management support, training and personnel management while ensuring operational performance is consistent with the Company's systems and budgets. Vice Presidents of Operations are ultimately responsible for all aspects of the operations, including the compliance and financial performance of the Directors of Operations they oversee.

We believe our organizational structure facilitates our ability to best serve and expand our service offerings to existing customers while also securing new business.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Market**

The market for our services consists of a large number of facilities involved in various aspects of the healthcare industry, including long-term and post-acute care facilities (e.g., skilled nursing facilities, residential care and assisted living facilities) and hospitals (e.g., acute care, critical access and psychiatric). Such facilities may be specialized or general, privately owned or public, for-profit or not-for-profit, urban or rural, and may serve residents on a long-term or short-term basis. We market our services to facilities after consideration of a variety of factors including facility type, size, location and service opportunities (Environmental Services or Dietary). Although there can be no assurance, the market for our services, particularly in long-term and post-acute care, is expected to continue to grow as the population of the United States ages and as government reimbursement policies require increased cost control or containment by the constituents that comprise our target market.

**Marketing and Sales**

Our services are primarily marketed and sold by our marketing and business development teams. These marketing and business development efforts are supported by all levels of our corporate and operational management teams. We provide incentive compensation to our sales and operational personnel based on achieving financial and non-financial goals and objectives which are aligned with the key elements we believe are necessary for us to achieve overall improvement in our results, along with continued business development.

Our services are marketed and sold primarily through referrals and solicitation of target facilities. We also participate in industry trade shows as well as federal and state healthcare advocacy associations and related events. Such programs are typically attended by facility owners, administrators and supervisory personnel, thus presenting marketing opportunities for us. Indications of interest in our services arising from initial marketing efforts are followed up with a presentation regarding our services and an assessment of the service requirements of the facility. Thereafter, a formal proposal, including operational recommendations and proposed costs, is submitted to the prospective customer. Once the prospective customer accepts the proposal and executes our service agreement, we are structured to timely and efficiently establish our operations and systems at the customer facilities.

**Government Regulation of Customers**

We do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs and our contractual relationships with our customers determine their payment obligations to us. However, our customers are subject to government regulation and laws which directly affect how they are paid for certain services they provide. Therefore, because our customers' revenues are generally highly reliant on Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement funding rates, the overall effect of laws and trends in the long-term care industry have affected and could adversely affect our customers' cash flows and their ability to make payments to us in accordance with agreed upon payment terms (see "Liquidity and Capital Resources" included in our "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations").

The prospects for legislative action, both on the federal and state level, regarding governmental funding for our customers industry are uncertain. We are unable to predict or to estimate the ultimate impact of any further changes in reimbursement programs affecting our customers' future results of operations and/or their impact on our cash flows and operations.

**Environmental Regulation**

Our operations are subject to various federal, state and/or local laws concerning discharges into waterways and the generation, handling and disposal of waste and hazardous substances. Our past expenditures relating to environmental compliance have not had a material effect on our results of operations and are included in normal operating expenses. These laws and regulations are constantly evolving, and it is impossible to predict accurately the effect they may have upon the capital expenditures, earnings and our competitive position in the future. Based upon information currently available, we believe that expenditures relating to environmental compliance will not have a material impact on the business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows of the Company.

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**Service Agreements and Collections**

We have historically had a favorable customer retention rate and, although there can be no assurance, we expect to continue to maintain satisfactory relationships with our customers despite many of our service agreements being cancellable on short notice.

We have had varying collections experiences with respect to our accounts and notes receivable. We have sometimes extended the period of payment for certain customers beyond contractual terms. Such customers include those who have terminated service agreements and slow payers experiencing financial difficulties. In order to provide for such collection issues and the general risk associated with the granting of credit terms, we have recorded bad debt provisions (in an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) of $83.1 million, $46.8 million and $35.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As a percentage of total revenues, these provisions represented approximately 4.5%, 2.7% and 2.1% for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In making credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, we consider the general collection risk associated with trends in the long-term care industry. We establish credit limits through our payment terms, perform ongoing credit evaluations and monitor accounts to minimize the risk of credit loss. Despite our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, customers could be adversely affected if future industry trends change in such a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows. If our customers experience a negative impact on their cash flows, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

**Competition**

We compete primarily with the in-house service departments of our potential customers. In addition, a number of firms compete with us in the regional and national markets in which we conduct business.

**Human Capital Resources**

Ensuring a positive social impact is inherent in our mission to deliver exceptional services to an ever-changing healthcare industry. In delivering upon this goal, we strive for operational excellence while creating a safe working environment, promoting environmental and employee health and safety awareness and seeking to continuously create professional and career development opportunities for our employees in order to continue to deliver on our strategic focus and Company Vision - To Be THE Choice For Our Customers. We believe that attracting and retaining talent in the markets that we service is critical to the retention of and growth in relationships through good customer service, expansion of our services, effective execution in all that we do and cost management. To facilitate talent attraction and retention, we strive to make Healthcare Services Group, Inc. an inclusive, safe and healthy workplace, with opportunities for our employees to grow and develop in their careers, supported by competitive compensation, benefits and health and welfare programs.

Supporting our varied team of individuals drives us to continuously improve and provide developmental opportunities for our team members, encouraging all of our employees to reach their full potential. To support this we have launched a formal Employee Engagement and Recognition Program. We devise career development and promotional pathways for our employees, and our Manager-In-Training Program is accessible to all qualified and motivated employees, regardless of formal education level achieved. When appropriate, we advertise all on-demand opportunities to our employees in an effort to cultivate talent throughout the Company. We also focus on understanding the opportunities we can provide employees. We continue to focus on building a pipeline for talent to create more opportunities for workplace development and to support greater representation within the Company.

**Employee Profile**

At December 31, 2025, we employed approximately 36,000 people, of whom approximately 4,000 were corporate and field management personnel. The Company's employment of some of its employees is subject to collective bargaining agreements that are negotiated by individual customer facilities and are assented by us, so as to bind us as an "employer" under the agreements. In other limited cases, we are direct parties to the agreements. We may be adversely affected by relations between our customer facilities and their employee unions, or between us and such unions. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good.

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**Health and Safety**

Our ability to meet the day-to-day needs and expectations of our customers and to fulfill our common goal to ensure the well-being of America's most vulnerable is organically connected to the well-being of our people. As such, we are committed to the health, safety and wellness of our employees. We provide our employees and their families access to a variety of flexible and convenient health and wellness programs, including benefits that support their physical and mental health by providing tools and resources to help them improve or maintain their health status and that offer choices where possible so they can customize their benefits to meet their needs and the needs of their families. All employees receive documented, annual training on our Environmental, Health and Safety Policy and are responsible for upholding and operating within the guidelines of this policy to ensure our business complies with all environmental and health and safety laws and regulations applicable to our operations.

**Available Information**

Healthcare Services Group, Inc. is a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and files reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission" or "SEC"). Reports and other information we file with the Commission may be accessed at the Commission's internet site: *www.sec.gov*. This site contains reports, proxies and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the Commission.

**Website Access**

Our website address is *www.hcsgcorp.com*. Our filings with the Commission, as well as other pertinent financial and Company information, are available at no cost on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after the filing of such reports with the Commission. The references to our website and the SEC's website are intended to be inactive textual references only and the contents of those websites are not incorporated by reference herein.

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**Item 1A. Risk Factors**

You should carefully consider the risk factors we have described below, as well as other related information contained within this Annual Report on Form 10-K as these factors could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. We believe that the risks described below are our most significant risk factors but there may be risks and uncertainties that are not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial.

**<u>Risks Related to Macroeconomic Conditions</u>**

***We have been, and may continue to be, adversely affected by inflationary and market fluctuations, including the impact of potential future tariffs, impacting the cost of products consumed in providing our services and our cost of labor. Additionally, we rely on a certain limited number of vendors for a substantial portion of EVS and Dietary supplies.***

Macroeconomic factors, including uncertainty surrounding global geopolitical instability, inflationary pressures, changes in interest rates and evolving government fiscal, monetary, trade and tax policies continue to contribute to an ever-changing operating environment. The United States has recently implemented changes to its trade policy, including increased tariffs on certain imported goods, pursuant to executive orders and related administrative actions. These measures may increase input costs, contribute to inflationary pressures, and heighten volatility in global supply chains.

Recent tariffs on certain imported goods have increased, and may continue to increase, the cost of some supplies and food products used in delivering our services. While these cost increases have not materially impacted our business to-date, sustained or expanded tariffs could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows in future periods. In addition, uncertainty surrounding future changes in U.S. trade policy may further contribute to volatility in supply costs and availability. Although we continue to pursue mitigating actions, including sourcing strategies, vendor negotiations and pricing adjustments where contractually permitted, there can be no assurance that such actions will fully offset the impact of higher tariffs. Any delay in, or inability to, pass increased costs through to customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The prices we pay for the principal items we consume in performing our services are dependent primarily on current market prices. We have consolidated certain supply purchases with national vendors through agreements containing negotiated prospective pricing. In the event such vendors are not able to comply with their obligations under the agreements and we are required to seek alternative suppliers, we may incur increased costs of supplies.

Dietary supplies, to a much greater extent than EVS supplies, are impacted by commodity pricing factors, including the impact of tariffs and diseases in livestock, which in many cases are unpredictable and outside of our control. We seek to pass on to customers such increased costs but sometimes we are unable to do so. Even when we are able to pass on such costs to our customers, from time to time, sporadic unanticipated increases in the costs of certain supply items due to market or economic conditions may result in a timing delay in passing on such increases to our customers. This type of spike and unanticipated increase in Dietary supplies costs could adversely affect Dietary's operating performance, and the adverse effect could be greater if we are delayed in passing on such additional costs to our customers (e.g., where we may not be able to pass such increase on to our customers until the time of our next scheduled service billing review). We seek to mitigate the impact of an unanticipated increase in such supplies' costs through consolidation of vendors and participation in group purchasing organizations, which increases our ability to obtain more favorable pricing.

A substantial number of our employees are hourly employees whose wage rates are affected by increases in the federal or state minimum wage rates, wage inflation or local job market adjustments. Also, at certain facilities that we service, our cost of labor may be influenced by changes in the respective collective bargaining agreements to which we are a party. As collective bargaining agreements are renegotiated, we may need to increase the wages paid to bargaining unit employees covered by such collective bargaining agreements. Although we have contractual rights to pass union and minimum wage increases through to our customers, we do not have a contractual right to automatically pass through all wage rate increases resulting from wage rate inflation or local job market adjustments, and we may be delayed in doing so. Any delay in passing or inability to pass such wage increases through to our customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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***Pandemics, epidemics or outbreaks of a contagious illness have in the past and may in the future adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and/or cash flows.***

Pandemics, epidemics or outbreaks of a contagious illness, and similar events, have caused and may in the future cause harm to us, our employees, customers, vendors, supply chain partners and financial institutions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows. The impacts may include, but would not be limited to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Decreased availability and/or increased cost of supplies due to increased demand around essential cleaning supplies including disinfecting agents, personal protective equipment ("PPE") and food and food-related products due to increased global demand and disruptions along the global supply chains of these manufactures and distributors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Disruption to operations due to the unavailability of employees due to illness, quarantines, risk of illness, travel restrictions, vaccination mandates, or other factors that limit the availability of our existing or potential workforce;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Limitations to the availability of our key personnel due to travel restrictions and access restrictions to our customers' facilities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Requirements to meet stringent infection control requirements at customer facilities and provide for medical procedures for employees;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Elevated employee turnover which may impact our facility level performance and/or increase payroll expense and recruiting-related expenses;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• New or additional measures required by national, state or local governments which may impact the availability of our employees and/or increase operating costs;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Decreased census in the nursing home and long-term care industry, which could impact the financial health of our customers and thereby increase our associated credit risk with customers and increase pressures to modify our contractual terms; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Significant disruption of global financial markets, which could negatively impact our ability or our customers' ability to access capital in the future.

***War, terrorism, other acts of violence or natural or man-made disasters may affect the markets in which the Company operates, the Company's customers, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows.***

The Company's business may be adversely affected by instability, disruption or destruction in a geographic region in which it operates, regardless of cause, including war, terrorism, riot, civil insurrection or social unrest, and natural or man-made disasters, including famine, flood, fire, earthquake, storm, pandemics or spread of disease. Such events may cause customers to suspend their decisions on using the Company's services, make it impossible for us to render our services, cause restrictions and give rise to sudden significant changes in regional and global economic conditions and cycles. These events also pose significant risks to the Company's personnel and to physical facilities and operations which could materially adversely affect the Company's financial results.

Further, current international conflicts have created extreme volatility in the global financial markets and are expected to have further global economic consequences, including disruptions of the global supply chain and energy markets and heightened volatility of commodity food prices. Any such volatility or disruptions may have adverse consequences on us or the third parties on whom we rely. If the equity and credit markets deteriorate, including as a result of political unrest or war, it may make any necessary debt or equity financing more difficult to obtain in a timely manner or on favorable terms, more costly or more dilutive. Our business, results of operations, financial condition, and/or cash flows may be materially and adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy, capital markets or commodity food prices resulting from these conflicts or any other geopolitical tensions.

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***Changes in interest rates and financial market conditions have resulted in and may continue to result in fluctuating and even negative returns in our investments and could increase the cost of the borrowings under our borrowing agreements.***

Although management believes we have a prudent investment policy, we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates and in the market value of our investment portfolio which could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Our marketable securities and restricted marketable securities consist of municipal bonds, treasury bonds, corporate bonds and other investments. Although there can be no assurance, we believe that our investment criteria requirements, which include investing in a diverse set of bonds, monitoring credit ratings and monitoring of our investments' duration periods, reduce our exposure to investment losses. Increases in market interest rates could adversely affect our payment obligations with respect to our variable-rate line of credit and adversely affect our liquidity and earnings. In addition, the Company relies on its portfolio of marketable securities and restricted marketable securities for balance sheet support, and the value of the portfolio can be materially affected by declines in market prices.

The historical performance of our common stock, $0.01 par value (the "Common Stock"), reflects market expectations for our future operating results. Our business strategy focuses on growth and improving profitability through obtaining service agreements with new customers, providing new services to existing customers, obtaining modest price increases on service agreements with customers, maintaining internal cost reduction strategies at our various operational levels and executing targeted acquisitions and investments. If we are unable to continue either historical customer revenue and profitability growth rates or projected improvement, our operating performance may be adversely affected and the expectations for our market performance may not be met. Any failure to meet the market's expectations for our revenue and operating results may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock.

**<u>Risks Related to Customers and Distributors</u>**

***We provide services to several customers which contribute significantly, on an individual as well as an aggregate basis, to our total revenues.***

On July 9, 2025, Genesis Healthcare, Inc. ("Genesis") filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the Northern District of Texas. Genesis contributed 7.3%, 8.7% and 10.9% of our total consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Revenues generated from Genesis were included in both operating segments. Any extended discontinuance, or significant reduction, of revenues from this customer could, if not replaced, have a material impact on our operations. In addition, if Genesis fails to abide by current payment terms it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. No single customer or customer group represented more than 10% of consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, and no other single customer or customer group represented more than 10% of consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Any future bankruptcies or financial instability among our key customers could result in increased credit losses, reduced revenues, disruptions to service delivery, and material adverse effects on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our ability to mitigate these risks depends on ongoing credit evaluations, monitoring customer financial health, and enforcing contractual payment terms, but even these measures may not fully protect against losses from future customer bankruptcies.

***Our customers are primarily concentrated in the healthcare industry, which is subject to changes in government regulation. Many of our customers rely on reimbursement from Medicare, Medicaid and other third-party payers. Rates from such payers may be altered or reduced, thus affecting our customers' results of operations and cash flows.***

We provide our services primarily to providers of long-term and post-acute care. We cannot predict what efforts, and to what extent, legislation and proposals to contain healthcare costs will ultimately impact our customers' revenues through reimbursement rate modifications. Congress has enacted a number of laws during the past decade that have significantly altered, and may continue to alter, overall government reimbursement for nursing home services and the long-term care industry. Because many of our customers' revenues are highly reliant on Medicare, Medicaid and other third-party payers' reimbursement funding rates and mechanisms, the overall effect of these laws and trends in the long-term care industry have affected and could adversely affect our customers' cash flows, and their ability to make payments to us on agreed upon payment terms. These factors, in addition to delays in payments from customers have resulted in, and could continue to result in, significant additional bad debts.

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***The Company has substantial investment in the creditworthiness and financial condition of our customers.***

The largest current asset on our balance sheet is the accounts and notes receivable balance from our customers. We grant credit to substantially all of our customers. Deterioration in the financial condition of a significant component of our customer base could hinder our ability to collect amounts due from our customers. Potential causes of such declines include national or local economic downturns, reduced census, increased operating costs, customers' dependence on continued Medicare and Medicaid funding and the impact of additional regulatory actions and/or insufficient funding.

We have sometimes extended the period of payment for certain customers beyond contractual terms. Such customers include those who have terminated service agreements and slow payers experiencing financial difficulties. In order to provide for such collection issues and the general risk associated with the granting of credit terms, we have recorded bad debt provisions (in an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) of $83.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 as compared to $46.8 million and $35.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In making our credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, we consider the general collection risk associated with trends in the long-term care industry. We establish credit limits through our payment terms, perform ongoing credit evaluations and monitor accounts to minimize the risk of credit loss. Despite our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, customers could be adversely affected if future industry trends change in such a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows. If our customers experience a negative impact on their cash flows, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

***A significant majority of our customer base are multi-facility management groups and independent facility operators who lease the buildings in which they operate and may experience risks relating to their leases including termination, escalators, extensions and special charges.***

The creditworthiness of our existing customers, and potential customers, is impacted by their ability to maintain positive relationships with their respective landlords. Any loss or deterioration in the relationship between our customers and their respective landlords may adversely affect their financial condition and ability to make payments on their service agreement with us on agreed upon terms. Any failure by our customers to make rent payments or comply with the provisions of their lease terms could result in the termination of such lease agreements. In such cases, our customers may lose their ability to continue conducting operations and as a result terminate their service agreements with us.

***For the year ended December 31, 2025, one distributor distributed more than 50% of our food and non-food dining supplies, and if our relationship, or its business, were to be disrupted, we could experience disruptions to our operations and cost structure.***

Although we negotiate the pricing and other terms for the majority of our purchases of food and dining supplies directly with national manufacturers, we procure these products and other items through Sysco Corporation ("Sysco"). Sysco is responsible for tracking our orders and delivering products to our specific locations. If our relationship with, or the business of, Sysco were to be disrupted, we would have to arrange alternative distributors and our operations and cost structure could be adversely affected.

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**<u>Risks Related to Operating Our Business</u>**

***We have a Paid Loss Retrospective Insurance Plan for general liability, workers' compensation and other insurance coverages.***

We carry high deductible general liability, workers' compensation and other insurance programs and therefore retain a substantial portion of the risk associated with the possible losses under such programs. Under our insurance plans, predetermined loss limits are arranged with our insurance company to limit both our per occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost. We regularly evaluate our claims payout experience and other factors related to the nature of specific claims in arriving at the basis for our accrued insurance claims estimate. Our evaluation is based primarily on current information derived from reviewing our claims experience and industry trends. In the event that our known claims experience and/or industry trends result in an unfavorable change in initial estimates of costs to settle such claims resulting from, among other factors, the severity levels of reported claims and medical cost inflation, it would have an adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Although we engage third-party experts to assist us in estimating appropriate reserves, the determination of the required reserves is dependent upon significant actuarial judgments. Changes in our insurance reserves as a result of our periodic evaluation of the related liabilities may cause significant fluctuations in our consolidated results of operations.

***We primarily provide our services pursuant to agreements cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days' notice after an initial 60 to 120 day service agreement period.***

Our agreements with customers typically provide for a renewable service term, cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days' notice after an initial period of 60 to 120 days. Consequently, our customers can often unilaterally decrease the amount of services we provide or terminate all services pursuant to the terms of our service agreements. Although we have historically had a favorable customer retention rate and expect to continue to maintain satisfactory relationships with our customers, in the event the Company were to lose a significant number of customers, such loss could in the aggregate materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations and financial position.

***The Company's business success depends on the management experience of our key personnel.***

We manage and provide our services through a network of management personnel, from on-site facility managers to our executive officers. Therefore, we believe that our ability to recruit and sustain the internal development of managerial personnel is an important factor impacting future operating results and our ability to successfully execute projected growth strategies. Our professional management personnel are the key personnel in maintaining current and selling additional services to existing customers and obtaining new customers.

***Any perceived or real health risks related to the food industry could adversely affect our Dietary segment.***

We are subject to risks affecting the food industry generally including food spoilage and food contamination. Products we purchase and utilize in production are susceptible to contamination by disease-producing organisms, or pathogens, included, but not limited to, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, campylobacter, hepatitis A, trichinosis and generic E. coli. Because these pathogens are generally found in the environment, there is a risk that these pathogens could be introduced to our products as a result of improper handling at the manufacturing, processing or food service level. Our suppliers' manufacturing facilities and products are subject to extensive laws and regulations relating to health, food preparation, sanitation and safety standards. Difficulties or failures by these companies in obtaining any required licenses or approvals or otherwise complying with such laws and regulations could disrupt their operations which could adversely affect our operations. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that compliance with governmental regulations by our suppliers will eliminate the risks related to food safety. An outbreak of food related illness in any of our customer facilities could materially harm our business, consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

Additionally, the Company may be subject to liability if the consumption of our food products causes injury, illness or death. Even if a product liability claim is unsuccessful or is not fully pursued, the negative publicity surrounding any assertion that our products caused injury or illness could adversely affect our reputation.

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***If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be impaired.***

Failure to maintain appropriate and effective internal controls over our financial reporting could potentially subject us to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities and could cause us to delay the filing of required reports with the SEC and our reporting of financial results. Any of these events could result in a decline in the market price of our Common Stock. Although we have taken steps to maintain our internal control structure as required, we cannot guarantee that a control deficiency will not result in a misstatement in the future.

***Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist shareholders, and such activism could impact the trading value of our securities.***

Shareholders may, from time to time, engage in proxy solicitations or advance shareholder proposals or otherwise attempt to effect changes and assert influence on our Board of Directors and senior management. Activist campaigns that contest or conflict with our strategic direction or seek changes in the composition of our Board of Directors or senior management could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. A proxy contest would require us to incur significant legal and advisory fees, proxy solicitation expenses and administrative and associated costs and require significant time and attention by our Board of Directors and senior management, diverting their attention from the pursuit of our business strategy. Any perceived uncertainties as to our future direction and control, our ability to execute on our strategy, or changes to the composition of our Board of Directors or senior management arising from a proxy contest could lead to the perception of a change in the direction of our business or instability which may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, make it more difficult to pursue our strategic initiatives, or limit our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. If individuals are ultimately elected to our Board of Directors with a specific agenda, it may adversely affect our ability to effectively implement our business strategy and create additional value for our shareholders. We may choose to initiate, or may become subject to, litigation as a result of a proxy contest or matters arising from a proxy contest, which would serve as a further distraction to our Board of Directors and senior management and would require us to incur significant additional costs. In addition, actions such as those described above could cause significant fluctuations in our stock price based upon temporary or speculative market perceptions or other factors that do not necessarily reflect the underlying fundamentals and prospects of our business.

**<u>Risks Related to Governmental and Regulatory Changes</u>**

***Changes to federal healthcare legislation may adversely affect our operating costs and results of operations.***

Continued changes to the health insurance industry and its obligations on employers could impact our operating costs. Any requirements to provide additional benefits to our employees, or the payment of penalties if such benefits are not provided, would increase our expenses. If we are unable to pass-through these charges to our customers to cover these expenses, such increases could adversely impact our operating costs and our consolidated results of operations.

In addition, often new regulations result in additional reporting requirements for businesses. These and other requirements could result in increased costs, expanded liability exposure and other changes in the way we provide healthcare insurance and other benefits to our employees.

***States in which our customers are located could experience significant budget deficits and such deficits may result in reduction of reimbursements to nursing homes.***

States in which our customers are located could have budget deficits as a result of lower than projected revenue collections and increased demand for the funding of entitlements. As a result of these and other adverse economic factors, state Medicaid programs have and may revise reimbursement structures for nursing home services. Any disruption or delay in the distribution of Medicaid and related payments to our customers will adversely affect their cash flows and impact their ability to pay us as agreed upon for the services provided.

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***Governmental regulations related to labor, employment, immigration and health and safety could adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.***

Our business is subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations in areas such as labor, employment, immigration and health and safety. These laws frequently evolve through case law, legislative changes and changes in regulatory interpretation, implementation and enforcement. The change in administration following the 2024 U.S. presidential election has led and will lead to leadership changes at U.S. federal regulatory agencies with oversight responsibility over the Company and our customers, including, but not limited to, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Health and Human Services Department.

We continue to experience a highly competitive labor market, particularly for frontline hourly employees. Ongoing labor shortages, increased competition for workers, employee turnover, wage inflation and changes in immigration or workforce policies could further increase labor costs and impact service quality. Our inability to recruit, train and retain qualified employees on acceptable terms could adversely affect our operating performance, customer satisfaction and profitability.

Our policies and procedures and compliance programs are subject to adjustments in response to these changing regulatory and enforcement environments, which could increase our costs of services provided. Although we have contractual rights to pass through cost increases we incur to our customers due to regulatory changes, our delay in, or inability to pass such costs through to our customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition, if we fail to comply with applicable laws, we may be subject to lawsuits, investigations, criminal sanctions or civil remedies, including fines, penalties, damages, reimbursements or injunctions. Also, our customers' facilities are subject to periodic inspection by federal, state and local authorities for compliance with state and local department of health requirements. Expenses resulting from failed inspections of the departments that we service could result in our customers being fined and seeking recovery from us, which could also adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

***Federal, state and local tax rules can adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.***

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was signed into law, extending and modifying various federal tax laws, including provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, tax credits and deductions. The OBBBA contains a wide variety of provisions with different effective dates, and many require interpretation and regulatory guidance. Changes in interpretation, implementation, or future amendments could increase tax liabilities, reduce available credits or deductions, increase compliance costs, or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, the Work Opportunity Tax Credit ("WOTC"), a federal tax credit available for hiring and employing individuals from certain targeted groups facing barriers to employment and for which the Company has in the past, and expects to receive, reductions in federal income taxes paid was not extended as part of the OBBBA and expired on December 31, 2025.

We are subject to federal, state and local taxes in the United States. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes. We believe our income tax estimates are reasonable, but such estimates assume no changes in current tax rates. In addition, if the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authority disagrees on an income tax position we have taken, including tax positions concerning the Employee Retention Tax Credit ("ERC"), and upon final adjudication we are required to change such position, we could incur additional tax liability, including interest and penalties. Such expenses could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, consolidated results of operations and cash flows.

Additionally, the taxability of our services is subject to various interpretations within the taxing jurisdictions in which we operate. Consequently, in the ordinary course of business, a jurisdiction may contest our reporting positions with respect to the application of its tax code to our services. A conflicting position taken by a state or local taxation authority on the taxability of our services could result in additional tax liabilities and could negatively impact our competitive position in that jurisdiction. If we fail to comply with applicable tax laws and regulations, we could suffer civil or criminal penalties in addition to the delinquent tax assessment. In the taxing jurisdictions where our services have been determined to be subject to tax, the jurisdiction may increase the tax rate assessed on such services. We seek to pass through to our customers such tax increases. In the event we are not able to pass through any portion of the tax increase, our financial condition, consolidated results of operations and cash flows could be adversely impacted.

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***Our business and financial results could be adversely affected by unfavorable results of material litigation or governmental inquiries.***

We are currently involved in pending civil litigation and government inquiries which arise in the ordinary course of business. These matters relate to, among other things, general liability, payroll or employee-related matters. Legal actions could result in substantial monetary damages and expenses and may adversely affect our reputation and business status with our customers, whether or not we are ultimately determined to be liable. The outcome of litigation, particularly class action and collective action lawsuits and regulatory actions, is difficult to assess or quantify. The plaintiffs in these types of actions may seek recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts, and estimates may remain unknown for substantial periods of time.

While the Company is vigorously defending against all litigation claims asserted, litigation could result in substantial costs to the Company and a diversion of the Company's management's attention and resources, which could harm its business. In addition, the uncertainty of pending lawsuits or potential filing of additional lawsuits could lead to more volatility and a reduction in the Company's stock price.

We assess contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in our financial statements. We accrue estimated loss contingencies in our financial statements when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Due to the unpredictable nature of litigation, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. The amount of actual losses may differ from our current assessment. As a result of the costs and expenses of defending ourselves against lawsuits or claims, and risks and consequences of legal actions, regardless of merit, our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows could be adversely affected or cause variability in our results compared to expectations.

***Stakeholder expectations for and compliance with federal and state environmental, social and governance ("ESG") requirements can adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.***

We are subject to certain state rules covering ESG initiatives including mandated annual reporting and compliance with commonly accepted ESG frameworks. Laws and regulations in these areas continue to emerge and evolve, which may require us to undertake costly initiatives or operational changes in order to achieve compliance. Non-compliance with these emerging rules or standards or a failure to address regulator expectations may result in potential cost increases, litigation, fines, penalties, or otherwise adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

**<u>Risks Related to Technology, Cybersecurity, Data Privacy and Artificial Intelligence</u>**

***We have experienced a cyber-attack and breach, and may in the future experience cyber-attacks, breaches or other events which could cause operational disruptions, fraud or theft of sensitive information.***

Aspects of our operations are reliant upon internet-based activities, such as ordering supplies and back-office functions such as accounting and transaction processing, making and accepting payments, processing payroll and other administrative functions. A significant disruption or failure of our information technology systems may have a significant impact on our operations, potentially resulting in service interruptions, security violations, regulatory compliance failures and other operational difficulties. In addition, any attack perpetrated against our information systems including through a system failure, security breach or disruption by malware or other damage, could similarly impact our operations and result in loss or misuse of information, litigation and potential liability. Further, like other companies, we have been subject to, and will continue to be subject to, cyber attacks and breaches and other vulnerabilities to data security incidents. On October 9, 2024, we identified a cybersecurity incident, which involved unauthorized activity within some of our systems. The incident has not caused, and is not expected to cause, disruption of our business operations, although there can be no assurance thereof.

Although we have taken steps intended to mitigate the risks presented by potential cyber incidents, it is not possible to protect against every potential power loss, telecommunications failure, cybersecurity attack, data breach or similar event that may arise. Moreover, the safeguards we use are subject to human implementation and maintenance, technology evolutions and other uncertainties. Any of these cyber incidents may result in a violation of applicable laws or regulations (including privacy and other laws), damage our reputation, cause a loss of customers and give rise to legal claims, litigation, monetary fines and other penalties, each of which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flows.

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While we maintain insurance coverage that may, subject to policy terms and conditions including deductibles, cover specific aspects of cyber risks, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover all losses. Third parties to whom we outsource certain of our functions are also subject to the risks outlined above. We review and assess the cybersecurity controls of our third-party service providers and vendors, as appropriate, and make changes to our business processes to manage these risks. Data breaches of such third parties could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

We have implemented, and continue to evaluate additional use cases for, generative artificial intelligence ("Gen AI") and other automation technologies in certain business processes. The use of these technologies may involve risks related to system reliability, data integrity, cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, ethical considerations, workforce adoption, and the need for significant ongoing investment and oversight. Applicable laws, regulations, and standards governing artificial intelligence and automation are evolving and may be subject to differing interpretations.

Failure to appropriately govern, monitor, and manage the development and use of automation and artificial intelligence technologies could result in operational disruptions, data privacy or security incidents, reputational harm, regulatory scrutiny, litigation, or other legal exposure, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

While we have implemented Gen AI and automation solutions in certain areas of our business, no Gen AI technologies are used for financial reporting purposes or for functions related to our internal controls over financial reporting. Implementing additional Gen AI solutions could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information and could adversely impact our business. Additionally, failure to keep pace with the rapid evolution of Gen AI technologies or the evolving regulatory landscape could result in operational or compliance risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

**Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.**

None.

**Item 1C. Cybersecurity.**

**Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy**

The Company adopted an Information Security Policy which governs the Company's management of information technology ("IT") systems, network, information, data and assets. HCSG's Information Security Policy is periodically reviewed based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework. The Company regularly monitors and measures the performance of the IT Systems and Assets and the Information Security Policy. HCSG has procedures to ensure that any of its vendors and suppliers that create, utilize or process our data take a similar, risk-based approach to information security.

Management maintains the cybersecurity risk prevention program which includes ongoing employee education and procedures for cybersecurity incident prevention, detection and response. The Company retains third parties, including IT professionals and legal counsel, specializing in cybersecurity risk management to assist in implementing cybersecurity controls. The Company oversees and identifies material risks from cybersecurity threats associated with its use of third-party service providers by reviewing SOC 1 or SOC 2 reports (whichever is more applicable) for key outsourced systems, including all systems which house protected health information or personally identifiable information. The cybersecurity risk prevention program is part of the Company's overall risk management program.

Please refer to the risk factor titled "We have experienced a cyber-attack and breach, and may in the future experience cyber-attacks, breaches or other events which could cause operational disruptions, fraud or theft of sensitive information." in "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K for more information on risks posed by cybersecurity threats to the Company.

As previously disclosed in a Form 8-K filed on October 16, 2024, on October 9, 2024 we identified a cybersecurity incident, which involved unauthorized activity within some of our systems. We immediately activated the Company's Cyber Incident Response Plan ("IRP") to investigate such activity with the assistance of leading third-party cybersecurity experts. We also notified law enforcement authorities. The Company is subject to class action litigation arising from this incident. We continue to monitor the situation and take appropriate actions consistent with our response protocols. As of the date of this filing, the incident has not caused, and is not expected to cause, disruption of the Company's business operations. And although there can be no assurance, we do not believe the identified cybersecurity incident will have a material effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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**Management's Role in Assessing and Managing Material Risks from Cybersecurity Threats**

The Company's day-to-day risk management is under the direction of Jason J. Bundick, the Company's Executive Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary. Jason Osbeck, the Company's Senior Vice President of Information and Technology, is responsible for day-to-day cybersecurity risk management under the direction of Mr. Bundick. Mr. Osbeck has served in this role at the Company since 2012.

The Company has an IRP which details the Company's policies and procedures in the event of a cyber incident. The Company's IT department, led by Mr. Osbeck, logs all potential cybersecurity incidents reported which are then reviewed by an Incident Response Team ("IRT"), a cross-functional internal team including IT, risk management, legal and other departmental representation as necessary to identify the potential impact of the cybersecurity incident. As needed, the IRT will consult with third-party legal counsel and IT advisory firms to appropriately respond to existing cyber threats. In the event a material incident is identified, the Company will report such incidents in compliance with applicable law. Material cyber events, if any, are reported to the Board of Directors as they occur. Additionally, Mr. Bundick provides quarterly updates to the Audit Committee on all cybersecurity matters during the quarter.

**Board of Directors' Oversight of Cybersecurity Risks**

Our Board is responsible for overseeing the Company's risk management process. The Board focuses on the Company's general risk management strategy, including the most significant risks facing the Company, and ensures that appropriate risk mitigation strategies are implemented by management. The Audit Committee oversees the Company's cybersecurity risk mitigation efforts. The Audit Committee reports to the full Board as appropriate, including when a matter rises to the level of a material risk.

**Item 2. Properties.**

We lease our corporate offices, located at 3220 Tillman Drive, Suite 300, Bensalem, Pennsylvania 19020. The Pennsylvania office is the headquarters of Healthcare Services Group, Inc., ELuminate, LLC and Platinum Cleaning Services of Indianapolis, LLC. We also lease office space at other locations in Connecticut, Florida, New Jersey, Texas and Virginia. The New Jersey office is the headquarters of HCSG Insurance Corp ("HCSG Insurance"), our captive insurance company, as well as HCSG East, LLC, HCSG West, LLC, HCSG Central, LLC, HCSG Staff Leasing Solutions, LLC, HCSG Labor Supply, LLC, HCSG East Labor Supply, LLC, and HCSG Clinical Services, LLC. The Virginia office is the headquarters of Meriwether-Godsey, Inc. The other locations serve as divisional or regional offices providing management and administrative services to both of our operating segments in their respective geographical areas. No individual parcel of real estate owned or leased is of material significance to our total assets.

Management does not foresee any difficulties with regard to the continued utilization of these premises. We also believe that such properties are sufficient to support our current operations.

**Item 3. Legal Proceedings.**

In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in various administrative and legal proceedings, including labor and employment, contracts, personal injury and insurance matters.

At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate possible losses or form a judgment that an unfavorable outcome is either probable, reasonably possible or remote with respect to certain pending litigation claims asserted.

In light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, the ultimate outcome of a particular matter could become material to the Company's results of operations for a particular period depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of the Company's operating income for that period.

**Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.**

Not applicable.

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**PART II**

**Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.**

**Market Information**

The Company's Common Stock is traded under the symbol "HCSG" on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. As of February 11, 2026, there were approximately 70.3 million shares of our Common Stock outstanding.

**Holders**

As of February 11, 2026, we had approximately 300 holders of record of our Common Stock. This does not include persons who hold our Common Stock in nominee or "street name" accounts through brokers or banks.

**Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans**

The following table sets forth the Company's equity compensation plans, on an aggregated basis, the number of shares of our Common Stock subject to outstanding stock awards, the weighted-average exercise price of stock awards, and the number of shares remaining available for future award grants as of December 31, 2025.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Plan Category** | **Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights)**<sup>1</sup> | **Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights** | **Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Issued and not Exercised)**<sup>2</sup> |
| | **(a)** | **(b)** | **(c)** |
| | **(in thousands, except per share amounts)** | **(in thousands, except per share amounts)** | **(in thousands, except per share amounts)** |
| Equity compensation plans approved by security holders | 4581 | $25.99 | 3347 |
| Total | 4581 | $25.99 | 3347 |

---

1. Represents shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock awards granted under the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended, the "Amended 2020 Plan") and carryover shares from pre-existing equity plans.

2. Includes 1.6 million shares available for future grant under the Amended 2020 Plan, 1.6 million shares available for issuance under the Company's 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (the "1999 Plan") and 0.1 million shares available for issuance under the Company's Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan (the "Deferred Compensation Plan"). Treasury shares may be issued under the 1999 Plan and the Deferred Compensation Plan.

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**Performance Graph**

The following graph matches the Company's cumulative five-year total shareholder return on Common Stock with the cumulative total returns of the S&P Midcap 400 Index and the Russell 2000 Index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our Common Stock and in each index (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2025. The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

We believe the Company is unique in its service offerings and customer base, and among its closest industry peers, it is unique in size and financial profile. As such, we do not believe that we can reasonably identify a peer group for the purposes of Regulation S-K Item 201(e)(1)(ii)(B) and have instead opted to utilize the Russell 2000 Index to compare the Company performance to issuers with similar market capitalization. The Company has also included the S&P Midcap 400 Index due to certain equity awards granted by the Company being benchmarked against this index.

**Comparison of 5 Year Cumulative Total Return\***

Among Healthcare Services Group, Inc., the Russell 2000 Index, and the S&P Midcap 400 Index.

![2997](hcsg-20251231_g2.jpg)

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
|<br>**Company / Index** | **2020** | **2021** | **2022** | **2023** | **2024** | **2025** |
| Healthcare Services Group, Inc. | $100.00 | $65.46 | $46.69 | $40.35 | $45.19 | $74.40 |
| S&P Midcap 400 | $100.00 | $124.76 | $108.47 | $126.29 | $143.88 | $154.68 |
| Russell 2000 | $100.00 | $114.82 | $91.35 | $106.82 | $119.14 | $134.40 |

---

This performance graph shall not be deemed 'soliciting material' or 'filed' with the SEC, nor shall it be subject to Regulation 14A or 14C or the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The comparisons in the performance graph are based on historical data and are not indicative of, or intended to forecast, the possible future performance of Healthcare Services Group, Inc.'s common stock.

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**Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds**

None.

**Repurchases of Equity Securities**

On February 14, 2023, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 7.5 million outstanding shares of common stock (the "2023 Repurchase Plan"). We remain authorized to purchase 2.0 million shares of common stock under the 2023 Repurchase Plan.

Shares repurchased pursuant to the 2023 Repurchase Plan during the three months ended December 31, 2025, were as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Quarter Ended December 31, 2025** | **Total number of shares of Common Stock repurchased** | **Average price paid per share of Common Stock** | **Aggregate purchase price of Common Stock repurchases**<sup>1</sup> | **Number of remaining shares authorized for repurchase** |
| | **(in thousands, except per share amounts)** | **(in thousands, except per share amounts)** | **(in thousands, except per share amounts)** | **(in thousands, except per share amounts)** |
| October 1, 2025 - October 31, 2025 | 366 | $17.06 | $6251 | 2745 |
| November 1, 2025 - November 30, 2025 | 356 | $17.76 | $6329 | 2389 |
| December 1, 2025 - December 31, 2025 | 356 | $19.11 | $6798 | 2033 |
| Fourth quarter | 1078 | $17.98 | $19378 | 2033 |

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1. Excludes commissions and other costs of $0.2 million.

**Item 6. Reserved.**

**Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.**

*You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes to those statements included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed in the section entitled "Risk Factors," and elsewhere in this report on Form 10-K. We are on a calendar year end, and except where otherwise indicated, "2025" refers to the year ended December 31, 2025, and "2024*" *refers to the year ended December 31, 2024. Discussions of 2023 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.*

**Results of Operations**

The following discussion is intended to provide the reader with information that will be helpful in understanding our financial statements, including the changes in certain key items when comparing financial statements period to period. We also intend to provide the primary factors that accounted for those changes as well as a summary of how certain accounting principles affect our financial statements. In addition, we are providing information about the financial results of our two operating segments to further assist in understanding how these segments and their results affect our consolidated results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and the notes accompanying those financial statements.

***Overview***

We provide management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary service departments of primarily healthcare facilities, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. We provide such services to approximately 2,800 facilities throughout the continental United States as of December 31, 2025. We believe we are the largest provider of housekeeping, laundry and dietary management services to the long-term care industry in the United States.

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We provide services primarily pursuant to full-service agreements with our customers. Under such agreements, we are responsible for the day-to-day management of the employees located at our customers' facilities, as well as for the provision of certain supplies. We also provide services on the basis of management-only agreements for a limited number of customers. Under a management-only agreement, we provide management and supervisory services while the customer facility retains payroll responsibility for the non-supervisory staff. In certain management-only agreements, the Company maintains responsibility for purchasing supplies. Our agreements with customers typically provide for a renewable service term cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days' notice after an initial period of 60 to 120 days.

We are organized into two reportable segments: housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services ("Environmental Services" or "EVS"), and dietary department services ("Dietary").

EVS services consist of managing our customers' housekeeping departments, which are principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of resident rooms and common areas of the customers' facilities, as well as the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms, resident personal clothing and other assorted linen items utilized at the customers' facilities. Upon beginning service with a customer facility, we typically hire and train the employees previously employed by such facility and assign an on-site manager to supervise the front-line personnel and coordinate housekeeping services with other facility support functions in accordance with customer requests. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of various cost and quality control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation. On-site management is responsible for all daily customer housekeeping department activities with regular support provided by a District Manager specializing in such services.

Dietary services consist of managing our customers' dietary departments, which are principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and professional dietitian services, which include the development of menus that meet the dietary needs of residents. On-site management is responsible for all daily dietary department activities with regular support provided by a District Manager specializing in dietary services. We also offer clinical consulting services to our dietary customers which may be provided as a standalone service or be bundled with other dietary department services. Upon beginning service with a customer facility, we typically hire and train the employees previously employed by such facility and assign an on-site manager to supervise the front-line personnel and coordinate dietitian services with other facility support functions in accordance with customer requests. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of various cost and quality control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation.

EVS services were provided to approximately 2,300 customer facilities at December 31, 2025 and contributed approximately 44.9% or $824.7 million of our consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025. Dietary services were provided to approximately 1,600 customer facilities at December 31, 2025 and contributed approximately 55.1% or $1,012.5 million of our consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Our ability to acquire new customers, retain existing customers and increase revenues are affected by many factors. Competitive factors consist primarily of competing with potential customers' use of in-house support staff, as well as a number of firms which compete with us in the regional and national markets in which we conduct business. We believe the primary revenue drivers of our business are our ability to obtain new customers and to provide additional services to existing customers. In addition, although there can be no assurance, we seek to pass through, by means of service billing increases, increases in our cost of providing the services, while also aiming to obtain modest revenue increases from our existing customers to attain desired profit margins at the facility level. The primary economic factor in acquiring new customers is our ability to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of our services. The primary operational factor is our ability to demonstrate to potential customers the benefits of being relieved of the administrative and operational challenges related to the day-to-day management of their housekeeping and dietary operations. In addition, we must be able to assure new customers that we can improve the quality of service that they are providing to their residents. We believe the factors discussed above are equally applicable to each of our segments with respect to acquiring new customers and increasing revenues.

Our expenses vary and may impact our operating performance. We review costs of labor, costs of supplies, bad debt expense and depreciation and amortization expense, along with other segment expenses, to evaluate our operating performance. The variability of these costs may impact each segment differently, as EVS's percentage of revenue is more significantly impacted by costs of labor than that of Dietary, while Dietary's percentage of revenue is more significantly impacted by costs of supplies than EVS. Bad debt expense impacts costs of services provided for each segment periodically depending on specific customer matters for each segment.

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EVS labor costs accounted for approximately 78.3% of EVS revenues in 2025 while Dietary labor costs accounted for approximately 58.8% of Dietary revenues in 2025. Changes in wage rates as a result of legislative or collective bargaining actions, market factors, adjustments to staffing levels and other variations in our use of labor or managing labor costs can result in variability of these costs. Housekeeping supplies, including linen products, accounted for approximately 7.2% of EVS revenues in 2025. In contrast, food supplies consumed in performing our Dietary services accounted for approximately 30.9% of Dietary revenues. Generally, fluctuations in these expenses are influenced by factors outside of our control and are unpredictable. EVS and Dietary supplies are principally commodity products and are affected by market conditions specific to the respective products.

Our customers are concentrated in the healthcare industry and are primarily providers of long-term care. Many of our customers' revenues are highly reliant on Medicare, Medicaid and third-party payers' reimbursement funding. Legislation can significantly alter overall government reimbursement for nursing home services and such changes, as well as other trends in the long-term care industry, have affected and could adversely affect our customers' cash flows, resulting in their inability to make payments to us in accordance with agreed-upon payment terms. The climate of legislative uncertainty has posed, and will continue to pose, both risks and opportunities for us. The risks are related to our customers' cash flows and solvency, while the opportunities are related to our ability to offer our customers cost stability and efficiencies. A large portion of our revenues are derived from nursing home operators whose portfolio of facilities managed are in multiple states, and as such, the ultimate impact, including in terms of timing and scale, as a result of legislative changes can be difficult to predict. However, our customer's obligation to pay the Company in accordance with the contract is not contingent upon the customer's cash flow. Notwithstanding the Company's efforts to minimize its credit risk exposure, the aforementioned factors, as well as other factors that impact customer cash flows or their ability to make timely payments, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.

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***Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024***

The following table summarizes the income statement key components that we use to evaluate our financial performance on a consolidated and reportable segment basis for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **% Change** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | |
| **Revenues** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Environmental Services | $824681 | $765368 | 7.7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dietary | 1012492 | 950314 | 6.5% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Consolidated | $1837173 | $1715682 | 7.1% |
| **Costs of services provided** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Environmental Services | $704282 | $642873 | 9.6% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dietary | 927725 | 844719 | 9.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;ERC Credits<sup>1</sup> | (34239) |  | NR<sup>4</sup> |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Consolidated | $1597768 | $1487592 | 7.4% |
| **Selling, general & administrative expenses** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Environmental Services | $48153 | $47085 | 2.3% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dietary | 59711 | 59574 | 0.2% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate<sup>2</sup> | 75741 | 68160 | 11.1% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on deferred compensation plan investments | 7261 | 8241 | (11.9)% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Consolidated | $190866 | $183060 | 4.3% |
| **Other income (expense)**<sup>3</sup> |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investment and other income, net | $20907 | $14349 | 45.7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | (1580) | (6438) | (75.5)% |
| **Income before taxes** | 67866 | 52941 | 28.2% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax provision<sup>3</sup> | 8807 | 13470 | (34.6)% |
| **Net income** | $59059 | $39471 | 49.6% |

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1. Segment costs of services provided excludes the impact of ERC refunds received by the Company and recorded within income during the year ended December 31, 2025 as the credits relate to payroll tax credits related to 2020 and 2021 payroll.

2. Represents selling, general and administrative expenses less amounts allocated to segments for labor and labor-related and other segment items.

3. These line items represent corporate costs not allocated to segments.

4. Not relevant.

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The following table sets forth the ratio of certain items to consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| Revenues | 100.0% | 100.0% |
| Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Costs of services provided | 87.0% | 86.7% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Selling, general and administrative expenses | 10.4% | 10.7% |
| Other income (expense): |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investment and other income, net | 1.2% | 0.8% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | (0.1)% | (0.3)% |
| Income before income taxes | 3.7% | 3.1% |
| Income tax | 0.5% | 0.8% |
| Net income | 3.2% | 2.3% |

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<u>Revenues</u>

*Consolidated*

Consolidated revenues increased 7.1% to $1,837.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the corresponding period in 2024 as a result of the factors discussed below under Reportable Segments.

*Reportable Segments*

EVS revenues increased 7.7% while Dietary revenues increased 6.5% during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the corresponding period in 2024. EVS revenue increases were driven by an increase in facilities serviced and increases in contractual pricing. Dietary revenue increases were driven by organic growth via expanding services performed for existing customers, increased pass-through costs to customers and increases in contractual pricing.

<u>Costs of services provided</u>

*Consolidated*

Consolidated costs of services provided increased 7.4% to $1,597.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the corresponding period in 2024 as a result of the factors discussed below under Reportable Segments. Costs of services provided, as a percentage of revenues, was 87.0% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 86.7% in the corresponding period in 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we recognized $34.2 million of income, recorded as a reduction to costs of services provided, related to the receipt of ERC refunds for periods from the second quarter of 2020 through the second quarter of 2021, and we additionally recognized $63.9 million of bad debt expense within costs of services provided associated with the Genesis bankruptcy.

*Reportable Segments*

We include certain expenses classified as selling, general and administrative expenses within segment expenses and exclude the benefit from ERC credits from segment performance. Segment expenses for EVS, as a percentage of EVS revenues, increased to 91.2% for the year ended December 31, 2025 from 90.1% in the corresponding period in 2024. Segment expenses for Dietary, as a percentage of Dietary revenues, increased to 97.5% for the year ended December 31, 2025 from 95.2% in the corresponding period in 2024.

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The following tables provide a comparison of the key indicators we consider when managing segment expenses as a percentage of the respective segment's revenues:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
|<br>**Key Indicators as a % of Segment Revenue - EVS** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** |
| Labor and other labor-related costs<sup>1</sup> | 78.3% | 78.4% | (0.1)% |
| Supplies | 7.2% | 7.4% | (0.2)% |
| Bad debt expense | 3.5% | 1.9% | 1.6% |
| Depreciation and amortization | 0.5% | 0.5% | —% |
| Other costs<sup>1</sup> | 1.7% | 1.9% | (0.2)% |
| Total segment expenses | 91.2% | 90.1% | 1.1% |

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1. Inclusive of certain expenses reported within selling, general and administrative expenses that are segment-specific.

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
|<br>**Key Indicators as a % of Segment Revenue - Dietary** | **2025** | **2024** | **Change** |
| Labor and other labor-related costs<sup>1</sup> | 58.8% | 56.6% | 2.2% |
| Supplies | 30.9% | 32.5% | (1.6)% |
| Bad debt expense | 5.3% | 3.4% | 1.9% |
| Depreciation and amortization | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| Other costs<sup>1</sup> | 2.1% | 2.4% | (0.3)% |
| Total segment expenses | 97.5% | 95.2% | 2.3% |

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1. Inclusive of certain expenses reported within selling, general and administrative expenses that are segment-specific.

Variations within these key indicators relate to the provision of services at new facilities, changes in the mix of customers for whom we provide supplies or do not provide supplies and changes in bad debt expense. Management focuses on building efficiencies and managing labor and other costs at the facility level, as well as managing supply chain costs, for new and existing facilities.

<u>Consolidated Selling, General and Administrative Expenses</u>

Selling, general and administrative expenses incurred at a segment-level are discussed in the Reportable Segments section above. Also included in consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses are corporate expenses and gains and losses associated with changes in the value of investments comprising our deferred compensation liability. These investments represent the amounts held on behalf of the participating employees as changes in the value of these investments affect the amount of our deferred compensation liability. Gains on the plan investments during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 increased our total selling, general and administrative expenses.

Excluding the change in the deferred compensation plan described above, consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses increased $8.8 million or 5.0% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the corresponding period in 2024, driven by increased payroll and payroll-related expenses.

The table below summarizes the changes in these components of selling, general and administrative expenses:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses excluding change in deferred compensation liability | $183605 | $174819 | $8786 | 5.0% |
| Gain on deferred compensation plan investments | 7261 | 8241 | (980) | (11.9)% |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | $190866 | $183060 | $7806 | 4.3% |

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<u>Consolidated Investment and Interest Income, net</u>

Investment and other income, net was a gain of $20.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to a gain of $14.3 million for the corresponding 2024 period. Included in investment and other income, net was $5.3 million of interest income recognized on ERC refunds received during the year ended December 31, 2025. Excluding the impact of the ERC refund, investment and other income, net increased due to increased interest income from cash, notes, and marketable securities, partially offset by a decline in income from deferred compensation plan investments.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% Change** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | |
| Investment and other income, net excluding change in deferred compensation plan assets | $13581 | $6056 | $7525 | 124.3% |
| Gain on deferred compensation plan investments | 7326 | 8293 | (967) | (11.7)% |
| Investment and other income, net | $20907 | $14349 | $6558 | 45.7% |

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<u>Consolidated Interest Expense</u>

Consolidated interest expense was $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to $6.4 million for the corresponding 2024 period as we incurred lower average borrowings on our line of credit during 2025 compared to 2024.

<u>Consolidated Income Taxes</u>

Our effective tax rate was 13.0% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 25.4% in 2024. The decrease to our 2025 tax rate compared to the corresponding 2024 period was primarily driven by permanent tax differences related to the our ERC receipts.

**Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting standards ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

Financial reporting results rely on estimating the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. An understanding of the policies discussed below is critical to the understanding of our financial statements because the application of these policies requires judgment. Specific risks for these critical accounting policies and estimates are described in the following paragraphs. For these estimates, we caution that future events do not always occur as forecasted, and the best estimates routinely require adjustment. Any such adjustments or revisions to estimates could result in material differences from previously reported amounts.

The policies discussed below are not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by U.S. GAAP, with no need for our judgment in their application. There are also areas in which our judgment in selecting another available alternative would not produce a materially different result. See our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which contain a discussion of our accounting policies and other disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

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***Allowance for Doubtful Accounts***

The allowance for doubtful accounts (the "Allowance") is established at the origination of an account or note receivable in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") subtopic 326 Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASC 326"). ASC 326 requires the Company to estimate the lifetime expected credit losses on such instruments and to record an allowance to offset the receivables.

The Allowance is evaluated quarterly in accordance with ASC 326 and is determined using financial models designed to estimate lifetime expected credit losses. The models incorporate historical collection experience and qualitative adjustments to factor the effects of current conditions (including market conditions and government funding of Medicare and Medicaid), as necessary. Portions of the Allowance are inherently more sensitive to fluctuations in management's assumptions than others. Such qualitative assessments would be expected to have a greater effect on aged accounts receivable and notes receivable as compared to current receivables. Due to the prospective nature of the Allowance under ASC 326, Management continues to review our portfolio of accounts and notes receivable and any estimate of credit losses is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

We have had varying collections experience with respect to our accounts and notes receivable. We have at times elected to extend the period of payment for certain customers beyond contractual terms. Such customers include those who have terminated service agreements and slow payers experiencing financial difficulties. In making credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, we consider customer-specific risks as well as the general collection risks associated with trends in the long-term care industry. We establish credit limits through our payment terms, perform ongoing credit evaluations and monitor accounts to minimize the risk of loss.

Despite our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, our customers could be adversely affected if future industry trends, as more fully discussed under "Liquidity and Capital Resources" below, and in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Part I under "Government Regulation of Customers," "Service Agreements and Collections" and "Risk Factors" change in such a manner as to negatively impact the cash flows of our customers. If our customers experience a negative impact in their cash flows, it could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

***Accrued Insurance Claims***

We self-insure or carry high deductible insurance policies and therefore retain a substantial portion of the risk associated with expected losses under our general liability, workers' compensation and other insurance programs, which comprise approximately 24.8% of our liabilities at December 31, 2025. Under our insurance plans predetermined loss limits are arranged with our insurance company to limit both our per occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost. Our accounting for this plan utilizes current valuations from a third-party actuary, which include assumptions based on data such as historical claims and payout experience, demographic factors, industry trends, severity factors and other actuarial calculations. In the event that our claims experience and/or industry trends result in an unfavorable change in our assumptions or outcomes, it would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Recently, our claims experiences have been favorable as a result of our ongoing initiative to promote safety and accident prevention in the workplace and proactive management of workers' compensation claims.

For general liability, workers' compensation and other self-insurance programs, we record both a reserve for the estimated future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled as well as an estimate of claims incurred but not reported. General liability and workers' compensation reserves for claims incurred but not reported are developed by a third-party actuary through review of our historical data and open claims.

A summary of the changes in our total self-insurance liability is as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Accrued insurance claims - January 1, | $77017 | $84378 | $88707 |
| Claim payments | (24120) | (24751) | (24488) |
| Claim expense | 17616 | 17390 | 20159 |
| Accrued insurance claims - December 31, | $70513 | $77017 | $84378 |

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**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

Our primary sources of liquidity are available cash and cash equivalents, our revolving credit facility and cash flows from operating activities. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, our primary sources of liquidity included the following balances:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31,** | **December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $125189 | $56776 |
| Restricted cash equivalents | 5577 | 3355 |
| Marketable securities, at fair value | 42774 | 50535 |
| Restricted marketable securities, at fair value | 30352 | 25105 |
| Total | $203892 | $135771 |
| Working capital | $406040 | $364105 |

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Our current ratio was 3.4 to 1 at December 31, 2025 and 2.9 to 1 at December 31, 2024. Marketable securities and restricted marketable securities represent fixed income investments that are highly liquid and can be readily purchased or sold through established markets. Such securities are held by HCSG Insurance to satisfy capital requirements of the state regulator related to captive insurance companies.

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 our cash flows were as follows:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Net cash from operating activities | $144968 | $30802 | $43498 |
| Net cash from investing activities | $(11003) | $6047 | $(3293) |
| Net cash from financing activities | $(63330) | $(31048) | $(12154) |

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***Operating Activities***

Our primary sources of cash from operating activities are the revenues generated from our Environmental Services and Dietary services. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are the funding of our payroll and other personnel-related costs as well as the costs of supplies used in providing our services. For the year ended December 31, 2025 cash flow from operations included $59.1 million in net income, an increase of $19.6 million compared to 2024, non-cash add-backs to net income of $126.5 million (primarily driven by bad debt expense), and a $40.5 million decrease in cash flows from changes in operating assets and liabilities. Included within operating cash flows were receipts of ERC refunds of $51.8 million, of which $39.6 million was recorded within net income and $12.3 million was recorded as Deferred ERC Credits.

***Investing Activities***

Our principal uses of cash for investing activities are capital expenditures such as housekeeping and food service equipment, computer software and equipment, furniture and fixtures (see "Capital Expenditures" below for additional information), and purchases of marketable securities and restricted marketable securities. Such uses of cash are offset by proceeds from sales of marketable securities. For the year ended December 31, 2025, cash flow from investing activities included $5.8 million in cash used for capital expenditures, $18.7 million in cash used for purchases of marketable securities and restricted marketable securities, and $23.2 million in cash received from sales of marketable securities and restricted marketable securities.

Our investments in marketable securities and restricted marketable securities are primarily comprised of municipal bonds, treasury notes, corporate bonds, and other government bonds and are intended to achieve our goal of preserving principal, maintaining adequate liquidity and maximizing returns subject to our investment guidelines. Our investment policy limits investment to certain types of instruments issued by institutions primarily with investment-grade ratings and places restrictions on concentration by type and issuer.

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***Financing Activities***

The primary source of cash from financing activities is the net borrowings under our bank line of credit. The primary uses of cash for financing activities are repayments of outstanding line of credit balances and repurchases of common stock. On February 14, 2023, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 7.5 million outstanding shares of common stock (the "2023 Repurchase Plan"). We repurchased 4.0 million shares of our common stock for $61.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2025. We repurchased 0.4 million shares of our common stock for $5.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. We remain authorized to repurchase 2.0 million shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the 2023 Repurchase Plan.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, our quarterly repurchases of common stock were as follows:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Three Months Ended** | **Total number of shares of Common Stock repurchased** | **Average price paid per share of Common Stock**<sup>1</sup> | **Aggregate purchase price of Common Stock repurchases**<sup>1</sup> | **Number of remaining shares authorized for repurchase** |
| | **(in thousands, except for per share data)** | **(in thousands, except for per share data)** | **(in thousands, except for per share data)** | **(in thousands, except for per share data)** |
| December 31, 2025 | 1078 | $18.19 | $19604 | 2033 |
| September 30, 2025 | 1743 | $15.64 | $27271 | 3111 |
| June 30, 2025 | 523 | $14.73 | $7706 | 4854 |
| March 31, 2025 | 653 | $10.77 | $7036 | 5377 |
| December 31, 2024 | 90 | $11.08 | $997 | 6030 |
| September 30, 2024 | 94 | $10.60 | $996 | 6120 |
| June 30, 2024 | 263 | $11.29 | $2981 | 6214 |
| March 31, 2024 |  | $— | $— | 6477 |

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1. Includes amounts for commissions and taxes.

***Contractual Obligations***

Our future contractual obligations and commitments at December 31, 2025 primarily consist of minimum lease payments on our operating lease agreements as discussed within Note 8 — Leases. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had no other material minimum purchase or capital expenditure commitments pertaining to our daily operations or existing financing arrangements.

***Line of Credit***

At December 31, 2025, we had a $300 million bank line of credit on which to draw for general corporate purposes. Amounts drawn under the line of credit are payable upon demand and generally bear interest at a floating rate, based on our leverage ratio, and starting at the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") rate plus 165 basis points. The Company's line of credit was amended on November 22, 2022 to, among other things, provide for a five-year unsecured revolving loan facility in the aggregate amount of $300 million and to change the benchmark rate from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") to SOFR. At December 31, 2025, we had no borrowings under the line of credit.

The line of credit requires us to satisfy two financial covenants. The covenants and their respective status at December 31, 2025 were as follows:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Covenant Descriptions and Requirements** | **As of December 31, 2025** |
| Funded debt<sup>1</sup> to EBITDA<sup>2</sup> ratio: less than 3.50 to 1.00 | 0.15 |
| EBITDA<sup>2</sup> to Interest Expense ratio: not less than 3.00 to 1.00 | 59.44 |

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1. All indebtedness for borrowed money including, but not limited to, reimbursement obligations in respect of letters of credit and guarantees of any such indebtedness.

2. Net income plus interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation, amortization, share-based compensation expense and extraordinary non-recurring losses/gains.

As noted above, we were in compliance with our financial covenants at December 31, 2025 and we expect to remain in compliance. The line of credit expires on November 22, 2027. We believe that our existing capacity under the line of credit and our history of favorable operating cash flows provide adequate liquidity to fund our operations for the next twelve months following the date of this report.

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At December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had outstanding $47.7 million and $50.8 million, respectively, in irrevocable standby letters of credit, which relate to payment obligations under our insurance programs. In connection with the issuance of the letters of credit, the amount available under the line of credit was reduced by $47.7 million to $252.3 million at December 31, 2025 and by $50.8 million to $249.2 million at December 31, 2024. On January 8, 2025, October 6, 2025, and January 20, 2026, the letters of credit were renewed, and they all expire during the first quarter of 2027.

***Accounts and Notes Receivable, Net***

Decisions to grant or to extend credit to customers are made on a case-by-case basis and based on a number of qualitative and quantitative factors related to the particular customer as well as the general risks associated with operating within the healthcare industry. Fluctuations in net accounts and notes receivable are attributable to a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the timing of cash receipts from customers, the Company's assessment of collectability and corresponding provision for bad debt expense and the inception, transition, modification or termination of customer relationships.

We deploy significant resources and have invested in tools and processes to optimize our credit and collections efforts. When appropriate, the Company utilizes interest-bearing promissory notes to enhance the collectability of amounts due, by instituting definitive repayment plans and providing a means by which to further evidence the amounts owed. In addition, the Company may amend contracts from full service to management-only arrangements, or adjust contractual payment terms, to accommodate customers who have in good faith established clearly-defined plans for addressing cash flow issues. These efforts are intended to minimize the Company's collections risk.

In order to provide for collections issues and the general risk associated with the granting of credit terms, we recorded a bad debt provision (in an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) of $83.1 million, $46.8 million and $35.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As a percentage of total revenues, these provisions represented approximately 4.5%, 2.7% and 2.1% for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

***Insurance Programs***

We self-insure or carry high deductible insurance plans and therefore retain a substantial portion of the risk associated with the expected losses under our general liability, workers' compensation and other insurance programs. Under our insurance plans for general liability, workers' compensation and other programs, predetermined loss limits are arranged with our insurance company to limit both our per occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost. Our accounting for this plan is affected by various uncertainties, such as historical claims, pay-out experience, demographic factors, industry trends, severity factors and other actuarial assumptions calculated by a third-party actuary. Evaluations of our accrued insurance claims estimate as of the balance sheet date are based primarily on current information derived from our actuarial valuation which assists in quantifying and valuing these trends. In the event that our claims experience and/or industry trends result in an unfavorable change resulting from, among other factors, the severity levels of reported claims and medical cost inflation, as compared to historical claim trends, it would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

For general liability, workers' compensation and other insurance programs, we record a reserve for the estimated future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, including an estimate of claims incurred but not reported that are developed as a result of a review of our historical data and open claims, which is based on estimates provided by a third-party actuary.

***Capital Expenditures***

The level of capital expenditures is generally dependent on the number of new customers obtained. Such capital expenditures primarily consist of housekeeping and food service equipment purchases, laundry and linen equipment installations, computer hardware and software and furniture and fixtures. Our capital expenditures totaled $5.8 million in 2025. Although we have no specific material commitments for capital expenditures through the end of calendar year 2026, we estimate that for 2026 we will have capital expenditures of approximately $5.0 million to $7.0 million.

Although there can be no assurance, we believe that our cash from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents balance and credit line will be adequate for the foreseeable future to satisfy the needs of our operations and to fund our anticipated growth. However, should these sources not be sufficient, we would seek to obtain necessary capital from such sources as long-term debt or equity financing. In addition, there can be no assurance of the terms thereof and any subsequent equity financing sought may have dilutive effects on our current shareholders.

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***Material Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements***

We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements other than our irrevocable standby letters of credit previously discussed.

**Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.**

At December 31, 2025, we had $203.9 million in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted marketable securities. The fair value of all of our cash equivalents and marketable securities is determined based on "Level 1" or "Level 2" inputs, which are based upon quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market. We place our cash investments in instruments that meet credit quality standards as specified in our investment policy guidelines.

Investments in both fixed-rate and floating-rate investments carry a degree of interest rate risk. The market value of fixed rate securities may be adversely impacted by an increase in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates or if there is a decline in the fair value of our investments.

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**Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.**

**INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **<u>Page</u>** |
| Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number 248) | <u>[31](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_97)</u> |
| Consolidated Financial Statements |  |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 | <u>[34](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_106)</u> |
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 | <u>[35](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_109)</u> |
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 | <u>[36](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_112)</u> |
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 | <u>[37](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_115)</u> |
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 | <u>[38](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_118)</u> |

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**REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.

**Opinion on the financial statements** 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (a Pennsylvania corporation) and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes and financial statement schedule included under Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in the 2013 *Internal Control—Integrated Framework* issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"), and our report dated February 13, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion.

**Basis for opinion**

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

**Critical audit matter**

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

**Allowance for doubtful accounts** 

As described further in Notes 1 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts against its accounts and notes receivable balances based on the future expected credit losses. This estimate is determined based on internally developed qualitative and quantitative factors derived from the aging and collection history of receivables. We identified the allowance for doubtful accounts as a critical audit matter.

The principal consideration for our determination that the allowance for doubtful accounts is a critical audit matter is that the assumptions utilized by management require significant judgment and result in a high degree of estimation uncertainty. The subjectivity of the estimate increases the level of auditor judgment and effort to evaluate management's assumptions, including the determination of risk pools, the application of historical loss rates as an indicator of future losses, and the determination of qualitative adjustments. Further, changes in these assumptions and judgments could have a significant impact on the recorded allowance.

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Our audit procedures related to the allowance for doubtful accounts included the following, among others:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• We tested the design and operating effectiveness of management's controls to review the allowance for doubtful accounts, including the methods used to develop the allowance for doubtful accounts and the significant assumptions used.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• We evaluated the appropriateness of the methods used by management to develop the allowance for doubtful accounts, including the identification of risk pools.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• We performed a historical lookback analysis for a sample of accounts and notes receivable balances within certain risk pools and compared the historical loss rates against the estimated loss rates within the respective risk pools as of December 31, 2025.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• We evaluated the reasonableness of qualitative adjustments recorded by management against the allowance for doubtful accounts to appropriately reflect management's expectation of current expected credit losses.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• We tested the mathematical accuracy of management's allowance for doubtful accounts calculation as of December 31, 2025, by recalculating the historical loss rates for each risk pool, the aging of receivables, and the future expected credit losses for each risk pool.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• We tested the accuracy and completeness of the aging of accounts and notes receivable utilized by management to calculate the allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2025 by performing procedures that included confirmation procedures for a sample of accounts and notes receivable.

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| |
|:---|
| /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP |
| We have served as the Company's auditor since 1992. |
| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| February 13, 2026 |

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**REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.

**Opinion on internal control over financial reporting**

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (a Pennsylvania corporation) and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in the 2013 *Internal Control—Integrated Framework* issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO"). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in the 2013 *Internal Control—Integrated Framework* issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB"), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025, and our report dated February 13, 2026 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

**Basis for opinion**

The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

**Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting**

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP |
| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| February 13, 2026 |

---

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

 **Healthcare Services Group, Inc.**

**Consolidated Balance Sheets**

**(in thousands, except per share amounts)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As of December 31,** | **As of December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| ASSETS: |  |  |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents | $125189 | $56776 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted cash equivalents | 5577 | 3355 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Marketable securities, at fair value | 42774 | 50535 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted marketable securities, at fair value | 30352 | 25105 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable (less allowances: $119,305 and $87,520) | 281303 | 330907 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Notes receivable — short–term portion (less allowances: $25,931 and $10,372) | 31243 | 51429 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories and supplies | 16797 | 16749 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Income taxes receivable | 22246 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 20934 | 21796 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current assets | 576415 | 556652 |
| Property and equipment, net | 27586 | 28198 |
| Goodwill | 79797 | 75529 |
| Other intangible assets (less accumulated amortization of $42,931 and $39,242) | 6964 | 9442 |
| Notes receivable — long–term portion (less allowances: $1,776 and $2,890) | 25209 | 41054 |
| Deferred compensation funding, at fair value | 55909 | 49639 |
| Deferred tax assets | 18472 | 38170 |
| Other long-term assets | 3901 | 4088 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets | $794253 | $802772 |
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | $77382 | $81147 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued payroll and related taxes | 31400 | 51579 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other accrued expenses and current liabilities | 37222 | 26282 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Income taxes payable |  | 8391 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued insurance claims | 24371 | 25148 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current liabilities | 170375 | 192547 |
| Accrued insurance claims — long-term | 46142 | 51869 |
| Deferred compensation liability — long-term | 56276 | 50011 |
| Lease liability — long-term | 9659 | 8033 |
| Other long-term liabilities | 1591 | 385 |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 17) |  |  |
| STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: |  |  |
| Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000 shares authorized; 76,821 and 76,533 shares issued, and 69,596 and 73,203 shares outstanding | 768 | 765 |
| Additional paid-in capital | 327956 | 318363 |
| Retained earnings | 283668 | 224556 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes | (448) | (2317) |
| Common stock in treasury, at cost; 7,225 and 3,330 shares | (101734) | (41440) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total stockholders' equity | 510210 | 499927 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $794253 | $802772 |

---

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Healthcare Services Group, Inc.**

**Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income**

**(in thousands, except per share amounts)**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Years Ended December 31,** | **Years Ended December 31,** | **Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Revenues | $1837173 | $1715682 | $1671389 |
| Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Costs of services provided | 1597768 | 1487592 | 1456643 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Selling, general and administrative expenses | 190866 | 183060 | 166772 |
| Other income (expense): |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Investment and other income, net | 20907 | 14349 | 12938 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense | (1580) | (6438) | (7856) |
| Income before taxes | 67866 | 52941 | 53056 |
| Income tax provision | 8807 | 13470 | 14670 |
| Net income | $59059 | $39471 | $38386 |
| **Per share data:** |  |  |  |
| Basic earnings per common share | $0.82 | $0.54 | $0.52 |
| Diluted earnings per common share | $0.81 | $0.53 | $0.52 |
| **Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:** |  |  |  |
| Basic | 72380 | 73754 | 74288 |
| Diluted | 73032 | 73988 | 74340 |
| **Comprehensive income:** |  |  |  |
| Net income | $59059 | $39471 | $38386 |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes | 1869 | (473) | 1633 |
| Total comprehensive income | $60928 | $38998 | $40019 |

---

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Healthcare Services Group, Inc.**

**Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows**

**(in thousands)**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Years Ended December 31,** | **Years Ended December 31,** | **Years Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | $59059 | $39471 | $38386 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 16778 | 14585 | 14344 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bad debt provision | 83079 | 46760 | 35604 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred income taxes | 19202 | (2944) | (4820) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation expense | 12005 | 9165 | 8985 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of premium on marketable securities | 295 | 1504 | 2144 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized gain on deferred compensation fund investments | (7326) | (8168) | (6645) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in other long-term liabilities | (384) | (564) | (1154) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net loss on disposals of property and equipment | 422 | 654 | 818 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Share of loss from equity method investment | 2386 | 532 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts and notes receivable | 5227 | (61809) | (74559) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inventories and supplies | (48) | 1731 | 2685 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses and other assets | 2623 | 704 | 12750 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred compensation funding | 318 | (534) | (674) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and other accrued expenses and current liabilities | (12064) | (9741) | 7430 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred ERC Credits | 12277 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued payroll and related taxes | (19162) | (3573) | 4186 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income taxes receivable (payable) | (30637) | 1190 | 572 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued insurance claims | (6503) | (7362) | (4329) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred compensation liability | 7421 | 9201 | 7775 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash from operating activities | 144968 | 30802 | 43498 |
| Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from disposals of property and equipment | 105 | 211 | 121 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Additions to property and equipment | (5818) | (6336) | (5406) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for acquisition | (7153) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for investments | (2625) | (2750) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of marketable securities | (18717) | (52090) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sales of marketable securities | 23205 | 67012 | 1992 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash from investing activities | (11003) | 6047 | (3293) |
| Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of treasury stock | (61586) | (5018) | (11283) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Repayments of short-term borrowings |  | (25000) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Payments of statutory withholding on net issuance of common stock | (1744) | (1030) | (871) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net cash from financing activities | (63330) | (31048) | (12154) |
| Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash equivalents | 70635 | 5801 | 28051 |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of the period | 60131 | 54330 | 26279 |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at end of the period | $130766 | $60131 | $54330 |
| Supplementary cash flow information: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for interest | $1680 | $6491 | $7809 |

---

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Healthcare Services Group, Inc.**

**Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity**

**(in thousands)**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Common Stock** | **Common Stock** | **Additional Paid-in Capital** | **Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net of Taxes** | **Retained Earnings** | **Treasury Stock** | **Stockholders' Equity** |
| | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional Paid-in Capital** | **Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, net of Taxes** | **Retained Earnings** | **Treasury Stock** | **Stockholders' Equity** |
| **Balance, January 1, 2023** | **76161** | $**762** | $**302304** | $**(3477)** | $**146602** | $**(27912)** | $**418279** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income |  |  |  |  | 38386 |  | 38386 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized gain on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes |  |  |  | 1633 |  |  | 1633 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued in connection with equity incentive plans, net of taxes | 167 | 1 | (871) |  |  |  | (870) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation expense |  |  | 8836 |  |  |  | 8836 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  | (11283) | (11283) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued for Deferred Compensation Plan, net |  |  | 298 |  |  | 172 | 470 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued for Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  |  | (139) |  |  | 1274 | 1135 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 1 |  | 8 |  | 22 |  | 30 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Balance, December 31, 2023** | **76329** | $**763** | $**310436** | $**(1844)** | $**185010** | $**(37749)** | $**456616** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income |  |  |  |  | 39471 |  | 39471 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes |  |  |  | (473) |  |  | (473) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued in connection with equity incentive plans, net of taxes | 204 | 2 | (1032) |  |  |  | (1030) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation expense |  |  | 8919 |  |  |  | 8919 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  | (5018) | (5018) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued for Deferred Compensation Plan, net |  |  | 256 |  |  | 122 | 378 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued for Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  |  | (216) |  |  | 1205 | 989 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other |  |  |  |  | 75 |  | 75 |
| **Balance, December 31, 2024** | **76533** | $**765** | $**318363** | $**(2317)** | $**224556** | $**(41440)** | $**499927** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income |  |  |  |  | 59059 |  | 59059 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized gain on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes |  |  |  | 1869 |  |  | 1869 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued in connection with equity incentive plans, net of taxes | 288 | 3 | (1750) |  |  |  | (1747) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation expense |  |  | 11195 |  |  |  | 11195 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Purchases of treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  | (61586) | (61586) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued for Deferred Compensation Plan, net |  |  | 366 |  |  | 203 | 569 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Shares issued for Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  |  | (218) |  |  | 1089 | 871 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other |  |  |  |  | 53 |  | 53 |
| **Balance, December 31, 2025** | **76821** | $**768** | $**327956** | $**(448)** | $**283668** | $**(101734)** | $**510210** |

---

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Healthcare Services Group, Inc.**

**Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements**

**Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023**

**Note 1 — Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies**

**Nature of Operations**

Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (the "Company") provides management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and dietary service departments of the healthcare industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. Although the Company does not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, the Company's customers receive government reimbursements related to Medicare and Medicaid. Therefore, they are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs.

The Company provides services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with its customers. In such agreements, the Company is responsible for the day-to-day management of employees located at the customers' facilities, as well as for the provision of certain supplies. The Company also provides services on the basis of management-only agreements for a limited number of customers. In a management-only agreement, the Company provides management and supervisory services while the customer facility retains payroll responsibility for the non-supervisory staff. The agreements with customers typically provide for a renewable service term, cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days' notice after an initial period of 60 to 120 days.

The Company is organized into two reportable segments: housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services ("Environmental Services" or "EVS"), and dietary department services ("Dietary").

Environmental Services consists of managing the customers' housekeeping departments, which are principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of resident rooms and common areas of a customer's facility, as well as the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms, resident personal clothing and other assorted linen items utilized at a customer facility.

Dietary consists of managing the customers' dietary departments, which are principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and dietitian professional services, which includes the development of menus that meet residents' dietary needs.

**Principles of Consolidation**

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") and with the rules and regulations of the SEC, specifically Regulation S-X and the instructions to Form 10-K. Unless otherwise indicated, all references to years are to the Company's fiscal year, which ends on December 31.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

**Use of Estimates in Financial Statements**

In preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, estimates and assumptions are made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates are used in determining, but are not limited to, the Company's allowance for doubtful accounts, accrued insurance claims, deferred taxes and reviews for potential impairment. The estimates are based upon various factors including current and historical trends, as well as other pertinent industry and regulatory authority information. Management regularly evaluates this information to determine if it is necessary to update the basis for its estimates and to adjust for known changes.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Fair Value of Financial Instruments**

The Company determines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2) and minimize the use of unobservable inputs (Level 3) within the fair value hierarchy.

Assets and liabilities are classified within the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level (least observable) input that is significant to the measurement in its entirety.

While unobservable inputs reflect the Company's market assumptions, preference is given to observable inputs. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

**Level 1** – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

**Level 2** – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable; and

**Level 3** – Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable

The Company's financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of marketable securities, restricted marketable securities and deferred compensation fund investments. The carrying value of other financial instruments such as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents, accounts and short-term notes receivable, accounts payable and all other current accrued liabilities approximate their fair values at December 31, 2025 and 2024, due to the short period of time to maturity or repayment.

**Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Equivalents**

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents are held in U.S. financial institutions or in custodial accounts with U.S. financial institutions. Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at time of purchase that are readily convertible into cash and have insignificant interest rate risk. The Company currently has bank deposits with financial institutions in the U.S. that exceed FDIC insurance limits.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to the amount reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $125189 | $56776 | $54330 |
| Restricted cash equivalents<sup>1</sup> | 5577 | 3355 |  |
| Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents | $130766 | $60131 | $54330 |

---

1. Restricted cash equivalents represent funds held in money market accounts pursuant to a Collateral Trust Agreement with the Company's third-party insurer and a trustee whereby investments or money market funds are held in a trust account to benefit the insurer and are restricted for that purpose. The trust account was set up in conjunction with a reduction in the Company's letters of credit collateral obligation for insurance obligations.

**Investments in Marketable Securities and Restricted Marketable Securities**

Marketable securities are defined as fixed income investments which are highly liquid and can be readily purchased or sold through established markets. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had marketable securities of $73.1 million and $75.6 million, respectively, comprised primarily of municipal bonds, U.S. treasury bonds, corporate bonds and other government bonds. These investments are accounted for as available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, $1.9 million of unrealized gains, $0.5 million of unrealized losses and $1.6 million of unrealized gains related to these marketable securities were recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss), respectively in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded net of income taxes, with any income tax provision or benefit recorded once gains and losses are recognized.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

These assets are held by the Company's wholly-owned captive insurance company subsidiary as required by state insurance regulations. The Company's investment policy is intended to manage the assets to achieve the goals of preserving principal, maintaining adequate liquidity at all times and maximizing returns subject to investment guidelines. The investment policy limits investment to certain types of instruments issued by institutions primarily with investment grade credit ratings and places restrictions on concentration by type and issuer.

The Company periodically reviews the investments in marketable securities and restricted marketable securities for credit impairment when an investment's fair value declines below the amortized cost basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. As of December 31, 2025, management believes that the recorded value of the Company's investments in marketable securities and restricted marketable securities was recoverable in all material respects.

**Accounts and Notes Receivable**

Accounts and notes receivable consist of Environmental Services and Dietary segment trade receivables from contracts with customers. The Company's payment terms with customers for services provided are defined within each customer's service agreement and range from prepaid to 120 days. Accounts receivable are considered short term assets as the Company does not grant payment terms greater than one year. Accounts receivable initially are recorded at the transaction amount and are recorded after the Company has an unconditional right to payment where only the passage of time is required before payment is received. Each reporting period, the Company evaluates the collectability of outstanding receivable balances and records an allowance for doubtful accounts representing an estimate of future expected credit loss. Additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts are made by recording a charge to bad debt expense reported in costs of services provided.

Notes receivable are typically recorded when accounts receivable are transferred into a promissory note and are recorded as an alternative to accounts receivable to memorialize an unqualified promise to pay a specific sum, typically with interest, in accordance with a defined payment schedule. Notes receivable are recorded at face value less any imputed interest assessed. The Company's payment terms with customers on promissory notes can vary based on several factors and the circumstances of each promissory note, however most promissory notes mature over 1 to 5 years. Similar to accounts receivable, each reporting period the Company evaluates the collectability of outstanding notes receivable balances and records an allowance for doubtful accounts representing an estimate of future expected credit losses. Additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts are made by recording a charge to bad debt expense reported in costs of services provided.

**Allowance for Doubtful Accounts**

Management utilizes financial modeling to determine an allowance that reflects its best estimate of the lifetime expected credit losses on accounts and notes receivable which is recorded to offset the receivables. Modeling is prepared after considering historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts to estimate lifetime expected credit losses. Accounts and notes receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded as a reduction of bad debt expense when received.

**Inventories and Supplies**

Inventories and supplies include housekeeping, linen and laundry supplies, as well as food provisions and supplies. Non-linen inventories and supplies are stated on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis, and reduced as deemed necessary to approximate the lower of cost or net realizable value. Linen supplies are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life of 24 months.

**Revenue Recognition**

The Company recognizes revenue from contracts with customers when or as the promised goods and services are provided to customers. Revenues are reported net of sales taxes that are collected from customers and remitted to taxing authorities. The amount of revenue recognized by the Company is based on the expected value of consideration to which the Company is entitled in exchange for providing the contracted goods and services and when it is probable that the Company will collect substantially all of such consideration. Refer to Note 3 — Revenue herein for more information regarding the Company's revenue recognition policy.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Leases**

The Company records assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets to recognize the rights and obligations arising from leasing arrangements with contractual terms greater than 12 months. A leasing arrangement includes any contract which entitles the Company to the right of use of an identified tangible asset where there are no restrictions as to the direct of use of the asset, and the Company obtains substantially all of the economic benefits from the right of use.

**Property and Equipment, Net**

Property and equipment, with the exception of those pertaining to leases, are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Additions, renewals and improvements are capitalized while maintenance and repair costs are expensed when incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in Investment and other income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: Environmental Services and Dietary equipment — 3 to 5 years; computer hardware and software — 5 years; and other, consisting of furniture and fixtures, leasehold improvements and vehicles — 5 to 10 years. Depreciation expense on property and equipment, inclusive of amortization of lease right-of-use assets, for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $13.0 million, $11.9 million and $10.5 million, respectively.

**Income Taxes**

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax expense or benefits are recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current period. The Company accrues for probable tax obligations as required based on facts and circumstances in various regulatory environments. In addition, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. When appropriate, valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts for which realization is more likely than not.

Uncertain income tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns are reflected within the Company's consolidated financial statements based on a recognition and measurement process.

The Company may from time to time be assessed interest or penalties by taxing jurisdictions, although any such assessments historically have been minimal and immaterial to its financial results. When the Company has received an assessment for interest and/or penalties, it will be classified in the financial statements as selling, general and administrative expenses. In addition, any interest or penalties relating to recognized uncertain tax positions would also be recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses.

**Earnings per Common Share**

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares, such as those issuable upon exercise of stock options and upon the vesting of restricted stock units ("RSUs"), deferred stock units ("DSUs"), and performance-based restricted stock units ("PSUs").

**Share-Based Compensation**

The Company estimates the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model for stock options, using a Monte Carlo simulation for PSUs and using the share price on the date of grant for RSUs and DSUs. The value of the award is recognized ratably as an expense in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income over the requisite service periods, with adjustments made for forfeitures as they occur.

**Advertising Costs**

Advertising costs are expensed when incurred. Advertising costs were not material for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

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**Impairment of Long-Lived Assets**

The carrying amounts of long-lived assets are periodically reviewed to determine whether current events or circumstances warrant adjustment to such carrying amounts. Any impairment would be measured as the amount that the carrying value of such assets exceeds their fair value. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate the fair value of assets. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of their financial statement carrying amount or fair value, less cost to sell. No impairment loss was recognized on the Company's long-lived assets during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 or 2023.

**Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets**

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets of acquired businesses. Management reviews the carrying value of goodwill annually during the fourth quarter to assess for impairment or more often if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may exceed its estimated fair value. Other intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective useful lives.

No impairment loss was recognized on the Company's intangible assets or goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 or 2023.

**Treasury Stock**

Treasury stock purchases are accounted for under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. Gains or losses on the subsequent reissuance of shares are credited or charged to additional paid-in capital.

**Accrued Insurance Claims**

The Company self-insures losses related to general liability, workers' compensation and other claims up until predetermined loss limits and purchases excess insurance for amounts above these loss limits. With the assistance of third-party actuaries, the Company calculates an expected loss rate for claims retained under the self-insurance program and calculates loss reserve estimates for previously incurred liabilities on a quarterly basis. The Company employs loss development assumptions based on claims history, developments in the Company's industry, regulatory, and other trends, periodic claims development, and incurred-but-not-reported losses using loss development factors based upon historical experience. The actual cost to settle accrued insurance claims may differ from reserve estimates due to changes in the factors mentioned above. Adjustments to previously incurred reserve estimates are recorded in income in the period which the estimate was revised.

**Investments in Equity Securities**

The Company accounts for investments in equity securities using the equity method when the Company determines that it can exercise significant influence over the investee. The Company accounts for investments in equity securities at fair value when the Company determines that it cannot exercise significant influence over the investee. Investments in equity securities are recorded within "Other long-term assets" in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company's proportionate share of earnings or losses of the investee are recorded within "Investment and other income, net" on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The Company elects to record its proportionate share of earnings or losses in equity method investments using a three month lag based on the most recently available financial statements.

**Concentrations of Credit Risk**

The Company's financial instruments that are subject to credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents, marketable securities, restricted marketable securities, deferred compensation funding and accounts and notes receivable. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the majority of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash equivalents, marketable securities and restricted marketable securities were held in two large financial institutions located in the United States. The Company's marketable securities and restricted marketable securities are fixed income investments which are highly liquid and can be readily purchased or sold through established markets. The Company's deferred compensation funding consists of fund and money market investments all of which are highly liquid and held in a trust account.

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The Company's customers are primarily in the healthcare industry and are primarily providers of long-term care. The revenues of many of the Company's customers are highly reliant on Medicare, Medicaid and third party payors' reimbursement funding rates. New legislation or changes in existing regulations could directly impact the governmental reimbursement programs in which the Company's customers participate. As a result, the Company may not realize the full effects such programs may have on the Company's customers until such new legislation or changes in existing regulations are fully implemented and governmental agencies issue applicable regulations or guidance.

Although the Company negotiates the pricing and other terms for the majority of our purchases of food and dining supplies directly with national manufacturers, the Company procures more than 50% of these products and other items through Sysco Corporation ("Sysco"). Sysco is responsible for tracking the Company's orders and delivering products to the Company's customer locations.

**Significant Customer**

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, Genesis Healthcare, Inc. ("Genesis") accounted for $133.5 million or 7.3%, $148.9 million or 8.7% and $181.4 million or 10.9% of the Company's consolidated revenues, respectively. See Note 5 — Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for discussion of Genesis's outstanding accounts and notes receivable balances and related allowances. Revenues generated from Genesis were included in both operating segments previously mentioned. Any extended discontinuance of revenues, or significant reduction, from this customer could, if not replaced, have a material impact on our operations. In addition, if Genesis fails to abide by current payment terms it could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. No single customer or customer group represented more than 10% of consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, and no other single customer or customer group represented more than 10% of consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023.

**Government Grants**

The Company accounts for government grants by analogy to International Accounting Standard ("IAS") 20, *Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance* and recognizes income when there is reasonable assurance that the receipt of credits and compliance with the terms of the government grants are obtained. See Note 2 — Employee Retention Credit for additional detail on government grants recognized in income during the year ended December 31, 2025.

**Recent Accounting Pronouncements**

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, *Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures*, which enhances effective tax rate reconciliation disclosure requirements and provides clarity to the disclosures of income taxes paid, income before taxes and provision for income taxes. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 for the year ended December 31, 2025 and applied the standard retrospectively. Refer to Note 12 — Income Taxes herein for further information.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, *Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses,* which amends the codification to enhance disclosures about a public business entity's expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company's disclosures.

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In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, *Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets*, which amends the codification to, among other changes, provide a practical expedient allowing public entities to assume that conditions as of the balance sheet date impacting the creditworthiness of receivables and contract assets will remain unchanged over their remaining lives when estimating expected credit losses. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2025-05 as of September 30, 2025 and apply the practical expedient to its accounts and notes receivables and contract assets arising from transactions within the scope of ASC 606. Adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, *Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software*, which amends and improves the existing rules for accounting for internal-use software, including clarifying when capitalization of software development costs should begin, providing more operable criteria that better align with modern development practices (such as agile and iterative methods), and reducing diversity in practice for cloud computing arrangements. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, with prospective application required. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, *Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities*, which establishes authoritative guidance for accounting for government grants received by business entities. The amendments require that a government grant received by a business entity should not be recognized until (1) it is probable that (a) a business entity will comply with the conditions attached to the grant and (b) the grant will be received and (2) a business entity meets the recognition guidance for a grant related to an asset or a grant related to income. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2028, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. There are three allowable transition approaches in the standard, including a modified prospective approach, a modified retrospective approach, and a retrospective approach all defined in the standard. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on the consolidated financial statements.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the SEC did not, or are not believed by management to, have a material impact on the Company's present or future consolidated financial statements.

**Reclassification**

Prior period line items in the Consolidated Balance Sheets have been revised to conform with current period presentation.

**Note 2—Employee Retention Credit**

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act"). The CARES Act provided the Employee Retention Tax Credit ("ERC"), which allows employers to claim a refundable tax credit against the employer share of Social Security tax equal to 50% of the qualified wages paid to employees from March 13, 2020 through December 31, 2020. The ERC was subsequently expanded in 2021 for employers to claim a refundable tax credit for 70% of the qualified wages paid to employees from January 1, 2021 through September 30, 2021. Refunds received by the Company and refunds obtained in any future periods are subject to IRS audit under the applicable statutes of limitations.

On July 4, 2025, the U.S. Government enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA"), which included provisions impacting the ERC including imposing an extended statute of limitations for the IRS to audit ERC filings for the quarter ended September 30, 2021. The OBBBA did not include any provisions extending the statute of limitations for auditing ERC filings for quarters ending March 31, 2020 through June 30, 2021. Following the passing of the OBBBA, the Company determined that the statute of limitations had expired for filings for quarters ending June 30, 2020 through June 30, 2021 and that the Company obtained reasonable assurance over receipt of, and compliance with, the terms of the ERC for refunds received from the IRS for those periods.

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During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company received $51.8 million in ERC refunds from the IRS, including interest income of $7.0 million. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized $34.2 million of ERC refunds as a reduction to Costs of services provided, $5.3 million of interest income on such refunds received within Investment and other income, net, and $2.1 million of professional fees expense associated with the ERC refunds within Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. At December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a deferred ERC credit liability of $12.3 million within Other accrued expenses and current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets related to ERC refunds received for amended returns filed for the quarter ended September 30, 2021. The Company will recognize income on the deferred liability and future ERC refunds received once the Company determines reasonable assurance that compliance with the terms of the ERC has been obtained.

**Note 3 — Revenue**

The Company presents its consolidated revenues disaggregated by reportable segment as management evaluates the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the Company's revenues by segment. Refer to Note 13 — Segment Information herein as well as the information below regarding the Company's reportable segments.

**Environmental Services**

Environmental Services accounted for $824.7 million, $765.4 million and $766.7 million of the Company's consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Environmental Services consist of managing customers' housekeeping departments, which are principally responsible for the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of resident rooms and common areas of the customers' facilities, as well as the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms, resident personal clothing and other assorted linen items utilized at the customers' facilities. Upon beginning service with a customer facility, the Company will typically hire and train the employees previously employed by such facility and assign an on-site manager to supervise and train the front-line personnel and coordinate housekeeping services with other facility support functions in accordance with customer requests. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of various cost and quality control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation.

**Dietary** 

Dietary services accounted for $1,012.5 million, $950.3 million and $904.7 million of the Company's consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Dietary services consist of managing customers' dietary departments which are principally responsible for food purchasing, meal preparation and professional dietitian services, which include the development of menus that meet the dietary needs of residents. On-site management is responsible for all daily dietary department activities, with regular support provided by a District Manager specializing in dietary services. The Company also offers clinical consulting services to facilities which if contracted is a service bundled within the monthly service provided to customers. Upon beginning service with a customer facility, the Company will typically hire and train the employees previously employed by such facility and assign an on-site manager to supervise and train the front-line personnel and coordinate dietitian services with other facility support functions in accordance with customer requests. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of various cost and quality control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation.

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**Revenue Recognition**

The Company's revenues are derived from contracts with customers. The Company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods and services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the Company is entitled in exchange for those goods and services. The Company's costs of obtaining contracts are not material.

The Company performs services and provides goods in accordance with its contracts with its customers. Such contracts typically provide for a renewable service term, cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days' notice, after an initial period of 60 to 120 days. A performance obligation is the unit of account under ASC 606 - *Revenues from Contracts with Customers* ("ASC 606") and is defined as a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. The Company's Environmental Services and Dietary contracts relate to the provision of bundles of goods, services or both, which represent a series of distinct goods and services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. The Company accounts for the series as a single performance obligation satisfied over time, as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the goods and services provided. Revenue is recognized using the output method, which is based upon the delivery of services to and provision of services at the customers' facilities. In limited cases, the Company provides goods, services or both before the execution of a contract. In these cases, the Company defers the recognition of revenue until a contract is executed. The amount of such deferred revenue was $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Additionally, all such revenue amounts deferred as of December 31, 2024 were subsequently recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2025.

The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to its customers. The transaction price does not include taxes assessed or collected. The Company's contracts detail the fees that the Company charges for the goods and services it provides. For certain contracts which contain a variable component to the transaction price, the Company is required to make estimates of the amount of consideration to which the Company will be entitled, based on variability in resident and patient populations serviced, product usage, quantities consumed or history of implicit price concessions. The Company recognizes revenue related to such estimates when the Company determines that it is probable there will not be a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognized. In instances where variable consideration exists and management's estimate of variable consideration changes in subsequent periods, resulting in a change in transaction price, the Company records an adjustment to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis. The Company's contracts generally do not contain significant financing components, as payment terms are less than one year.

In the event that the Company provides ongoing services to customers in active bankruptcy proceedings, in receivership or in other similar legal positions, the Company defers the recognition of revenue until cash is received, as the Company determines that collectability of substantially all of the entitled consideration in exchange for services provided is not probable for such customers until cash is received. In addition, for a subset of customers with heightened collectability risk or specific contractual terms, the Company recognizes revenue on a cash basis—i.e., when payment is received. The Company evaluates the probability of collection at contract inception and reassesses as facts and circumstances change.

The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation noting that the bundle of goods, services or goods and services provided under each Environmental Services and Dietary contract represents a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time. The Company recognizes the related revenue when it satisfies the performance obligation by transferring a bundle of promised goods, services or both to a customer. Such recognition is on a monthly or weekly basis, as goods are provided and services are performed. In some cases, the Company requires customers to pay in advance for goods and services to be provided. As of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the value of the contract liabilities associated with customer prepayments was $3.9 million, $4.0 million and $3.2 million, respectively. The Company recognized $2.4 million of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2025 which was recorded as a contract liability on December 31, 2024. The Company recognized $1.9 million of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024 which was recorded as a contract liability on December 31, 2023.

**Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations**

The Company recognizes revenue as it satisfies the performance obligations associated with contracts with customers, which due to the nature of the goods and services provided by the Company, are satisfied over time. Contracts may contain transaction prices that are fixed, variable or both. The Company's contracts with customers typically provide for an initial term with renewable service terms, cancellable by either party upon 30 to 90 days' notice after an initial period of 60 to 120 days. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient that permits exclusion of information about the remaining performance obligations with original expected durations of one year or less. There were no remaining performance obligations with original expected durations of one year or longer as of December 31, 2025.

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**Note 4 — Accounts and Notes Receivable**

The Company makes credit decisions on a case-by-case basis after reviewing a number of qualitative and quantitative factors related to the specific customer as well as current industry variables that may impact that customer. There are a variety of factors that impact a customer's ability to pay in accordance with the Company's contracts. These factors include, but are not limited to, fluctuating census numbers, litigation costs and the customer's participation in programs funded by federal and state governmental agencies. Deviations in the timing or amounts of reimbursements under those programs can impact the customer's cash flows and its ability to make timely payments. However, the customer's obligation to pay the Company in accordance with the contract is not contingent upon the customer's cash flow. Notwithstanding the Company's efforts to minimize its credit risk exposure, the aforementioned factors, as well as other factors that impact customer cash flows or ability to make timely payments, could have an indirect, yet material, adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.

Fluctuations in net accounts and notes receivable are generally attributable to a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the timing of cash receipts from customers and the inception, transition, modification or termination of customer relationships. The Company deploys significant resources and invests in tools and processes to optimize Management's credit and collections efforts. When appropriate, the Company utilizes interest-bearing promissory notes to enhance the collectability of amounts due, by instituting definitive repayment plans and providing a means by which to further evidence the amounts owed. In addition, the Company may amend contracts from full service to management-only arrangements, or adjust contractual payment terms, to accommodate customers who have in good faith established clearly-defined plans for addressing cash flow issues. These efforts are intended to minimize the Company's collections risk.

At December 31, 2025, the face value and discounted value of notes receivable with imputed interest were $33.6 million and $31.5 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the face value and discounted value of notes receivable with imputed interest were $39.7 million and $35.9 million, respectively. The effective interest rates applied on notes with imputed interest at December 31, 2025 and 2024 were 6.2% and 6.9%, respectively.

**Note 5 — Allowance for Doubtful Accounts**

In making the Company's credit evaluations, management considers the general collection risk associated with trends in the long-term care industry. The Company establishes credit limits through payment terms with customers, performs ongoing credit evaluations and monitors accounts on an aging schedule basis to minimize the risk of loss. Despite the Company's efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, customers could be adversely affected if future industry trends change in such a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows. As a result, the Company's future collection experience could differ significantly from historical collection trends. If the Company's customers experience a negative impact on their cash flows, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The Company evaluates its accounts and notes receivable for expected credit losses quarterly. Accounts receivable are evaluated based on internally developed credit quality indicators derived from the aging of receivables. Notes receivable are evaluated based on internally developed credit quality indicators derived from management's assessment of collection risk. At the end of each period, the Company sets a reserve for expected credit losses on standard accounts and notes receivable based on the Company's historical loss rates. Accounts and notes receivable with an elevated risk profile, which are from customers who have filed bankruptcy or are subject to collections activity, are aggregated and evaluated to determine the total reserve for the class of receivable. Additionally, starting in the year ended December 31, 2024, for notes receivable, management evaluates standard receivables based on whether the customer is current (paying within 60 days of terms) or delinquent (paying outside of 60 days of terms).

On July 9, 2025, Genesis Healthcare, Inc. ("Genesis") filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the Northern District of Texas. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had outstanding accounts and notes receivable due from Genesis (prior to applying an allowance) of $50.4 million and $20.4 million, respectively. Upon review of the bankruptcy petition, the Company identified the Genesis accounts and note receivables as separate loss pools for evaluating the collectability of the receivables due to the size of the outstanding balances and the assessed unlikelihood of any potential recovery. As of December 31, 2025, the Company assessed a 100% allowance on the outstanding balances of both the accounts and notes receivable due from Genesis. In conjunction with recording the allowance for Genesis receivables, the Company recognized bad debt expense of $63.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2025.

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ASC 326-20 - *Financial Instruments - Credit Losses* ("ASC 326-20") permits entities to make an accounting policy election not to measure an estimate for credit losses on accrued interest if those entities write off accrued interest deemed uncollectible in a timely manner. The Company follows an income recognition policy on all interest earned on notes receivable. Under such policy the Company accounts for all notes receivable on a non-accrual basis and defers the recognition of any interest income until receipt of cash payments. This policy was established based on the Company's history of collections of interest on outstanding notes receivable, as we do not deem it probable that we will receive substantially all interest on outstanding notes receivable. Accordingly, the Company does not record a credit loss adjustment for accrued interest. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $3.6 million, $2.8 million and $2.8 million in interest income from notes receivable, respectively.

The following tables present the Company's tiers of notes receivable for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, further disaggregated by year of origination, as well as write-off activity:

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** |
| | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** | **2022** | **2021** | **Prior** | **Total** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Notes Receivable** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Standard notes receivable | $42325 | $8115 | $2737 | $3974 | $— | $— | $57151 |
| Delinquent notes receivable | $535 | $134 | $684 | $1811 | $405 | $— | $3569 |
| Genesis note receivable | $— | $— | $— | $— | $— | $20410 | $20410 |
| Elevated risk notes receivable | $— | $— | $1537 | $— | $— | $1491 | $3028 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Current-period gross write-offs | $— | $6 | $326 | $— | $121 | $— | $453 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Current-period recoveries |  | (278) |  |  |  |  | (278) |
| Current-period net write-offs | $— | $(272) | $326 | $— | $121 | $— | $175 |

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** | **Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** |
| | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** | **Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year** |
| | **2024** | **2023** | **2022** | **2021** | **2020** | **Prior** | **Total** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Notes Receivable** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Standard notes receivable | $53592 | $7282 | $15743 | $— | $— | $— | $76617 |
| Delinquent notes receivable | $499 | $1055 | $1942 | $671 | $— | $21933 | $26100 |
| Elevated risk notes receivable | $— | $1537 | $— | $— | $1491 | $— | $3028 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Current-period gross write-offs | $— | $742 | $483 | $3024 | $— | $26 | $4275 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Current-period recoveries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Current-period net write-offs | $— | $742 | $483 | $3024 | $— | $26 | $4275 |

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The following tables provide information as to the status of payment on the Company's gross notes receivable which were past due as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Age Analysis of Past-Due Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** | **Age Analysis of Past-Due Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** | **Age Analysis of Past-Due Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** | **Age Analysis of Past-Due Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2025** |
| | **0 - 90 Days** | **91 - 180 Days** | **Greater than 181 Days** | **Total** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Notes Receivable** | | | | |
| Standard notes receivable | $403 | $— | $— | $403 |
| Delinquent notes receivable | 335 | 139 | 2827 | 3301 |
| Genesis notes receivable |  |  | 20410 | 20410 |
| Elevated risk notes receivable |  |  | 3029 | 3029 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total notes receivable | $738 | $139 | $26266 | $27143 |

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Age Analysis of Past-Due Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** | **Age Analysis of Past-Due Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** | **Age Analysis of Past-Due Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** | **Age Analysis of Past-Due Notes Receivable as of December 31, 2024** |
| | **0 - 90 Days** | **91 - 180 Days** | **Greater than 181 Days** | **Total** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Notes Receivable** | | | | |
| Standard notes receivable | $142 | $— | $— | $142 |
| Delinquent notes receivable<sup>1</sup> | 761 | 682 | 23151 | 24594 |
| Elevated risk notes receivable | 225 | 225 | 2429 | 2879 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total notes receivable | $1128 | $907 | $25580 | $27615 |

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1. The balance of delinquent notes receivable as of December 31, 2024 includes the principal balance of the note due from Genesis.

The following tables provide a summary of the changes in the Company's allowance for doubtful accounts on a portfolio segment basis for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Allowance for doubtful accounts** | **Allowance for doubtful accounts** | **Allowance for doubtful accounts** | **Allowance for doubtful accounts** | **Allowance for doubtful accounts** |
|<br>**Portfolio Segment:** | **December 31,<br>2024** | **Reclassifications**<sup>1</sup> | **Write-Offs**<sup>2</sup> | **Bad Debt Expense** | **December 31,<br>2025** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Accounts receivable** | | | | | |
| Aged accounts receivable | $87520 | $(1651) | $(36674) | $19715 | $68910 |
| Genesis accounts receivable<sup>1</sup> |  | 1651 |  | 48744 | 50395 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total accounts receivable | $87520 | $— | $(36674) | $68459 | $119305 |
| **Notes receivable** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Standard notes receivable | $5096 | $— | $278 | $(1787) | $3587 |
| Delinquent notes receivable | 6026 | (5176) | (453) | 873 | 1270 |
| Genesis notes receivable<sup>1</sup> |  | 5176 |  | 15234 | 20410 |
| Elevated risk notes receivable | 2140 |  |  | 300 | 2440 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total notes receivable | $13262 | $— | $(175) | $14620 | $27707 |
| Total accounts and notes receivable | $100782 | $— | $(36849) | $83079 | $147012 |

---

1. Genesis accounts and notes receivable were identified as new loss pools during the year ended December 31, 2025.

2. Write-offs are shown net of recoveries. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company collected $0.3 million of accounts and notes receivable that were recovered subsequent to being written-off.

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---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Allowance for doubtful accounts** | **Allowance for doubtful accounts** | **Allowance for doubtful accounts** | **Allowance for doubtful accounts** | **Allowance for doubtful accounts** |
|<br>**Portfolio Segment:** | **December 31,<br>2023** | **Reclassifications**<sup>1</sup> | **Write-Offs**<sup>2</sup> | **Bad Debt Expense** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Accounts receivable | $80819 | $— | $(33402) | $40103 | $87520 |
| **Notes receivable** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Standard notes receivable | $6125 | $(2615) | $— | $1586 | $5096 |
| Delinquent notes receivable<sup>1</sup> |  | 2615 | (1252) | 4663 | 6026 |
| Elevated risk notes receivable | 4755 |  | (3023) | 408 | 2140 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total notes receivable | $10880 | $— | $(4275) | $6657 | $13262 |
| Total accounts and notes receivable | $91699 | $— | $(37677) | $46760 | $100782 |

---

1. Delinquent notes receivable was identified as a new loss pool during the year ended December 31, 2024.

2. Write-offs are shown net of recoveries. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company collected $0.2 million of accounts receivables that were recovered subsequent to being written-off.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Note 6 — Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component**

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company's accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of unrealized gains and losses from the Company's available-for-sale marketable securities and restricted marketable securities. The following tables provide a summary of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities**<sup>1</sup> | **Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities**<sup>1</sup> | **Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities**<sup>1</sup> |
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss — beginning balance | $(2317) | $(1844) | $(3477) |
| Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 2015 | (753) | 1624 |
| (Loss) income reclassified from other comprehensive loss² | (146) | 280 | 9 |
| Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)³ | 1869 | (473) | 1633 |
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss — ending balance | $(448) | $(2317) | $(1844) |

---

1. All amounts are net of tax.

2. Realized gains and losses were recorded pre-tax under "Investment and other income, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded $0.2 million of realized gains, $0.4 million of realized losses, and less than $0.1 million in realized losses, respectively from the sale of available-for-sale securities. Refer to Note 10 — Fair Value Measurements herein for further information.

3. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the change in accumulated other comprehensive loss was net of a tax expense of $0.4 million. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the change in accumulated other comprehensive loss was net of a tax benefit of $0.1 million and expense of $0.4 million, respectively.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss** | **Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss** | **Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss** |
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Gains (losses) from the sale of available-for-sale securities | $185 | $(355) | $(12) |
| Tax (expense) benefit | (39) | 75 | 3 |
| Net gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | $146 | $(280) | $(9) |

---

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Note 7 — Property and Equipment**

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded over the estimated useful life of each class of depreciable asset and is computed using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated asset life or term of the lease. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred.

The following table sets forth the amounts of property and equipment by each class of depreciable asset as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| EVS and Dietary equipment | $18571 | $17052 |
| Computer hardware and software | 9185 | 8196 |
| Operating lease — right-of-use assets | 30933 | 29669 |
| Other<sup>1</sup> | 1145 | 904 |
| Total property and equipment, at cost | 59834 | 55821 |
| Less accumulated depreciation<sup>2</sup> | 32248 | 27623 |
| Total property and equipment, net | $27586 | $28198 |

---

1. Includes furniture and fixtures, leasehold improvements and automobiles and trucks.

2. Includes $16.7 million and $13.2 million related to accumulated depreciation on Operating lease – right-of-use assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $13.0 million, $11.9 million, and $10.5 million, respectively. Of the depreciation expense recorded for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, $8.3 million, $7.8 million and $6.4 million related to the depreciation of the Company's operating lease — right-of-use assets ("ROU Assets"), respectively.

At December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, accrued purchases of property and equipment were $0.3 million, $0.5 million, and $0.7 million, respectively.

**Note 8 — Leases**

The Company recognizes ROU Assets and lease liabilities for automobiles, office buildings, IT equipment and small storage units for the temporary storage of operational equipment. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms ranging from less than 1 year to 10 years. The Company recognizes extension options as part of the initial lease term for ROU Assets and lease liabilities when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the extension option upon the completion of the initial lease term. Most leases include the option to terminate the lease within 1 year.

The Company uses practical expedients offered under the ASC 842 - *Leases* ("ASC 842") to combine lease and non-lease components within leasing arrangements and to recognize the payments associated with short-term leases in earnings on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with the cost associated with variable lease payments recognized when incurred. These accounting policy elections impact the value of the Company's ROU Assets and lease liabilities. The value of the Company's ROU Assets is determined as the carrying value of its leasing arrangements and is recorded in Property and equipment, net on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The value of the Company's lease liabilities is the present value of fixed lease payments not yet paid, which is discounted using either the rate implicit in the lease contract if that rate can be determined or the Company's incremental borrowing rate ("IBR"). The Company's IBR is determined as the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term in an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

Any future lease payments that are not fixed based on the terms of the lease contract, or fluctuate based on a factor other than an index or rate, are considered variable lease payments and are not included in the value of the Company's ROU Assets or lease liabilities. The Company's variable lease payments are mostly incurred from automobile leases and relate to miscellaneous transportation costs including repair costs, insurance and terminal rental adjustment payments due at lease settlement. Such rental adjustment payments can result in a reduction to the Company's total variable lease payments.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company's short-term portion of lease obligations were $5.4 million and $8.4 million, respectively, and are recorded in Other accrued expenses and current liabilities with the remaining balance recognized under the Lease liability — long-term portion caption on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The corresponding expense for the Company's lease commitments are primarily recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Components of lease expense are presented below for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Lease cost** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease cost | $8322 | $7799 | $6400 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Short-term lease cost | 819 | 883 | 1037 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Variable lease cost | 1987 | 1609 | 1952 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total lease cost | $11128 | $10291 | $9389 |

---

Supplemental information is presented below for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(dollar amounts in thousands)** | **(dollar amounts in thousands)** | **(dollar amounts in thousands)** |
| **Other information** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating cash flows from operating leases | $8436 | $8125 | $6808 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ROU Assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations | 12489 | 3721 | 6064 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Weighted-average remaining lease term — operating leases | 5.6 years | 2.6 years | 3.3 years |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Weighted-average discount rate — operating leases | 6.6% | 6.3% | 6.6% |

---

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company's ROU Assets and lease liabilities were reduced by $2.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively due to lease cancellations.

The following is a schedule by calendar year of future minimum lease payments under operating leases that have remaining terms as of December 31, 2025:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Period/Year** | **Operating Leases** |
| | **(in thousands)** |
| 2026 | $5367 |
| 2027 | 3635 |
| 2028 | 1683 |
| 2029 | 1213 |
| 2030 | 1235 |
| Thereafter | 4605 |
| Total minimum lease payments | $17738 |
| Less: imputed lease payments | 2722 |
| Present value of lease liabilities | $15016 |

---

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Note 9 — Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets**

*Goodwill*

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. To date, the Company has not recognized an impairment of its goodwill. One acquisition occurred during the year ended December 31, 2025.

The following table sets forth the amounts of goodwill by reportable segment as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2024** | **Acquisition** | **December 31, 2025** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Environmental Services | $42377 | $4268 | $46645 |
| Dietary | 33152 |  | 33152 |
| Total Goodwill | $75529 | $4268 | $79797 |

---

*Intangible Assets*

The Company's other intangible assets consist of customer relationships, trade names, patents and non-compete agreements which were obtained through acquisitions and are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition. The following table sets forth the amounts of other intangible assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | **Gross Amount** | **Accumulated Amortization** | **Net Amount** | **Gross Amount** | **Accumulated Amortization** | **Net Amount** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Customer relationships | $46514 | $40647 | $5867 | $45634 | $38093 | $7541 |
| Trade names | 2112 | 1028 | 1084 | 1731 | 466 | 1265 |
| Patents | 1086 | 1086 |  | 1086 | 505 | 581 |
| Non-compete agreements | 183 | 170 | 13 | 233 | 178 | 55 |
| Total other intangible assets | $49895 | $42931 | $6964 | $48684 | $39242 | $9442 |

---

Intangible assets with determinable useful lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The weighted-average amortization period of customer relationships, trade names, patents, and non-compete agreements are approximately 10 years, 10 years, 4 years, and 4 years, respectively.

The following table sets forth the estimated amortization expense for intangibles subject to amortization for 2026, the following four fiscal years and thereafter:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Period/Year** | **Total Amortization Expense** |
| | **(in thousands)** |
| 2026 | $2593 |
| 2027 | $1127 |
| 2028 | $545 |
| 2029 | $545 |
| 2030 | $545 |
| Thereafter | $1609 |
| Total | $6964 |

---

Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $3.7 million, $2.7 million and $3.8 million, respectively.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Note 10 — Fair Value Measurements**

The Company's current assets and current liabilities are financial instruments and most of these items (other than marketable securities, restricted marketable securities, inventories and supplies and the short-term portion of deferred compensation assets and liabilities) are recorded at cost in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The estimated fair value of these financial instruments approximates their carrying value due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the Company's line of credit represents the outstanding amount of the borrowings, which approximates fair value. The Company's financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are its marketable securities, restricted marketable securities and deferred compensation funding. The recorded values of all of the financial instruments approximate their current fair values because of their nature, stated interest rates and respective maturity dates or durations.

The Company's marketable securities and restricted marketable securities are held by the Company's captive insurance company to satisfy capital requirements of the state regulator related to captive insurance companies. Restricted marketable securities are held by the Company's captive insurance company as collateral for certain insurance coverages. Such securities are primarily comprised of municipal bonds, treasury notes, corporate bonds and other government bonds which are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses associated with these investments are included in Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of taxes within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Marketable securities and restricted marketable securities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, as these securities are measured using quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable. Such valuations are determined by a third-party pricing service. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded unrealized gains, net of taxes of $1.9 million, unrealized losses, net of taxes of $0.5 million and unrealized gains, net of taxes of $1.6 million on marketable securities, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company received total proceeds, less the amount of interest received, of $23.2 million, $67.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, from sales of available-for-sale securities. These sales resulted in realized gains of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and realized losses of $0.4 million and less than $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Such gains and losses were recorded in Investment and other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The basis for the sale of these securities was the specific identification of each security sold during the period.

As part of a prior period acquisition of a prepackaged meal manufacturer, the Company agreed to pay royalties to the seller on all future product sales. The Company records a liability for the expected future payments within Other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of this liability is measured using forecasted sales models (Level 3). For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded realized gains of $0.4 million, $0.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively, within Costs of services provided in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income related to the measurement of the liability at each balance sheet date.

The investments under the deferred compensation plan are accounted for as trading securities and unrealized gains or losses are recorded within Investment and other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The fair values of these investments are determined based on quoted market prices (Level 1) or the net asset value ("NAV") of underlying share investments (Level 2). For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded unrealized gains of $7.3 million, $8.3 million and $6.6 million, respectively, related to trading securities still held at the respective reporting dates.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of debt securities held as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 which are classified within "Marketable securities, at fair value" and "Restricted marketable securities, at fair value" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Debt Securities — Available-for-Sale** | **Debt Securities — Available-for-Sale** |
|<br>**Contractual maturity:** | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Marketable securities, at fair value |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Maturing in one year or less | $4424 | $653 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Maturing in second year through fifth year | 10850 | 23341 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Maturing in sixth year through tenth year | 21962 | 13113 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Maturing after ten years | 5538 | 13428 |
| Total marketable securities, at fair value | $42774 | $50535 |
| Restricted marketable securities, at fair value |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Maturing in one year or less | $4635 | $2474 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Maturing in second year through fifth year | 15011 | 15774 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Maturing in sixth year through tenth year | 9653 | 5837 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Maturing after ten years | 1053 | 1020 |
| Total restricted marketable securities, at fair value | $30352 | $25105 |
| Total debt securities — available-for-sale | $73126 | $75640 |

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

The following tables provide fair value measurement information for the Company's financial assets, including marketable securities, restricted marketable securities and deferred compensation fund investments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As of December 31, 2025** | **As of December 31, 2025** | **As of December 31, 2025** | **As of December 31, 2025** |
| | | **Fair Value Measurement Using:** | **Fair Value Measurement Using:** | **Fair Value Measurement Using:** |
| **(amounts in thousands)** |<br>**Total Fair Value** | **Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)** | **Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)** | **Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)** |
| Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — taxable | $4046 | $— | $4046 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — non-taxable | 38728 |  | 38728 |  |
| Total marketable securities | $42774 | $— | $42774 | $— |
| Restricted marketable securities |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. treasury bonds | $10037 | $— | $10037 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. government agency bonds | 1215 |  | 1215 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;International fixed income bonds | 736 |  | 736 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate bonds | 8858 |  | 8858 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — taxable | 9506 |  | 9506 |  |
| Total restricted marketable securities | $30352 | $— | $30352 | $— |
| Deferred compensation plan |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Money market<sup>1</sup> | $1965 | $— | $1965 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commodities | 361 | 361 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fixed income | 5190 | 5190 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;International | 6320 | 6320 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Large cap blend | 8513 | 8513 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Large cap growth | 20425 | 20425 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Large cap value | 7485 | 7485 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Mid cap blend | 4059 | 4059 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Real estate | 389 | 389 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Small cap blend | 3438 | 3438 |  |  |
| Deferred compensation plan<sup>2</sup> | $58145 | $56180 | $1965 | $— |

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **As of December 31, 2024** | **As of December 31, 2024** | **As of December 31, 2024** | **As of December 31, 2024** |
| | | **Fair Value Measurement Using:** | **Fair Value Measurement Using:** | **Fair Value Measurement Using:** |
| **(amounts in thousands)** |<br>**Total Fair Value** | **Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)** | **Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)** | **Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)** |
| Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — taxable | $9600 | $— | $9600 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — non-taxable | 40935 |  | 40935 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total marketable securities | $50535 | $— | $50535 | $— |
| Restricted marketable securities |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. treasury bonds | $7309 | $— | $7309 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. government agency bonds | 1218 |  | 1218 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;International fixed income bonds | 652 |  | 652 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate bonds | 6796 |  | 6796 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — taxable | 9130 |  | 9130 |  |
| Total restricted marketable securities | $25105 | $— | $25105 | $— |
| Deferred compensation plan |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Money Market<sup>1</sup> | $1961 | $— | $1961 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Commodities | 295 | 295 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Fixed income | 4417 | 4417 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;International | 4999 | 4999 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Large cap blend | 6669 | 6669 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Large cap growth | 18524 | 18524 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Large cap value | 6964 | 6964 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Mid cap blend | 3957 | 3957 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Real estate | 372 | 372 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Small cap blend | 2980 | 2980 |  |  |
| Deferred compensation plan<sup>2</sup> | $51138 | $49177 | $1961 | $— |

---

1. The fair value of the money market is based on the NAV of the shares held by the plan at the end of the period. The money market fund includes short-term United States dollar denominated money market instruments and the NAV is determined by the custodian of the fund. The money market fund can be redeemed at its NAV at the measurement date as there are no significant restrictions on the ability to sell this investment.

2. The deferred compensation plan carrying amounts and total fair value amounts as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are inclusive of $2.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of holdings expected to be paid to former employees within the next twelve months which were recorded under Prepaid expenses and other assets in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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The following table shows the amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair value of the Company's debt securities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Amortized Cost** | **Gross Unrealized Gains** | **Gross Unrealized Losses** | **Estimated Fair Value** | **Credit Impairment Losses**<sup>1</sup> |
| **December 31, 2025** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Type of security: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — taxable | $4115 | $1 | $(70) | $4046 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — non-taxable | 39827 | 124 | (1223) | 38728 |  |
| Total marketable securities | $43942 | $125 | $(1293) | $42774 | $— |
| Restricted marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. treasury bonds | $9904 | $148 | $(15) | $10037 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. government agency bonds | 1210 | 5 |  | 1215 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;International fixed income bonds | 733 | 3 |  | 736 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate bonds | 8682 | 177 | (1) | 8858 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — taxable | 9222 | 284 |  | 9506 |  |
| Total restricted marketable securities | 29751 | 617 | (16) | 30352 |  |
| Total debt securities — available-for-sale | $73693 | $742 | $(1309) | $73126 | $— |
| **December 31, 2024** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Type of security: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — taxable | $10276 | $— | $(676) | $9600 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — non-taxable | 43255 |  | (2320) | 40935 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total marketable securities | $53531 | $— | $(2996) | $50535 | $— |
| Restricted marketable securities |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. treasury bonds | $7276 | $38 | $(5) | $7309 | $— |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;U.S. government agency bonds | 1208 | 10 |  | 1218 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;International fixed income bonds | 647 | 5 |  | 652 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate bonds | 6780 | 30 | (14) | 6796 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Municipal bonds — taxable | 9131 | 40 | (41) | 9130 |  |
| Total restricted marketable securities | $25042 | $123 | $(60) | $25105 | $— |
| Total debt securities — available-for-sale | $78573 | $123 | $(3056) | $75640 | $— |

---

1. The Company performs a credit impairment loss assessment quarterly on an individual security basis. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, no allowance for credit loss has been recognized as the issuers of these securities have not established a cause for default and various rating agencies have reaffirmed each security's investment grade status. The fair value of these securities have fluctuated since the purchase date as market interest rates fluctuate. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell before the recovery of the securities' amortized cost basis.

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**Note 11 — Share-Based Compensation**

The components of the Company's share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Stock options | $2673 | $708 | $969 |
| Restricted stock units and deferred stock units | 7080 | 6870 | 6657 |
| Performance stock units | 1442 | 1341 | 1210 |
| Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 810 | 246 | 149 |
| Total pre-tax share-based compensation expense charged against income | $12005 | $9165 | $8985 |
| Total recognized tax deficiency related to share-based compensation | $(729) | $(607) | $(773) |

---

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options and awards was $19.3 million and $16.2 million, respectively. The weighted average period over which these awards will vest was approximately 2.6 years as of December 31, 2025 and 2.8 years as of both December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following table summarizes the components of share-based compensation expense included within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | $11790 | $9086 | $8942 |
| Costs of services provided | 215 | 79 | 43 |
| Total share-based compensation expense | $12005 | $9165 | $8985 |

---

**Amended 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan**

On May 26, 2020, the Company adopted the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan"). On May 30, 2023, the Company increased the authorized shares under the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended, the "Amended 2020 Plan") by 2.5 million shares. The Amended 2020 Plan provides that current or prospective officers, employees, non-employee directors and advisors can receive share-based awards such as stock options, performance stock units, restricted stock units and other stock awards. The Amended 2020 Plan seeks to encourage profitability and growth of the Company through short-term and long-term incentives that are consistent with the Company's operating objectives.

As of December 31, 2025, there were 6.2 million shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Amended 2020 Plan, of which 1.6 million are available for future grant. The amount of shares available for issuance under the Amended 2020 Plan will increase when outstanding awards under the Company's Second Amended and Restated 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2012 Plan") are subsequently forfeited, terminated, lapsed or satisfied thereunder in cash or property other than shares. No stock award will have a term in excess of 10 years. The Nominating, Compensation and Stock Option Committee (the "NCSO") of the Board of Directors is responsible for determining the terms of the grants in accordance with the Amended 2020 Plan.

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***Stock Options***

A summary of stock options outstanding under the Amended 2020 Plan and the 2012 Plan as of December 31, 2024 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2025 are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Stock Options Outstanding** | **Stock Options Outstanding** |
| | **Number of Shares** | **Weighted Average Exercise Price** |
| | **(in thousands)** | |
| **December 31, 2024** | 2528 | $28.23 |
| Granted | 269 | 11.76 |
| Exercised |  |  |
| Forfeited |  |  |
| Expired | (311) | 31.92 |
| **December 31, 2025** | 2486 | $25.99 |

---

The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $6.08, $5.06 and $6.53 per common share, respectively. No stock options were exercised during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. The total fair value of stock options vested was $1.3 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 and $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 there was no tax deficiency realized from stock options exercised. For the year ended December 31, 2023 the tax deficiency realized from stock options exercised was immaterial.

The fair value of stock option awards granted in 2025, 2024 and 2023 were estimated on the dates of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.5% | 3.9% | 4.0% |
| Weighted average expected life | 7.2 years | 7.0 years | 6.9 years |
| Expected volatility | 42.1% | 40.5% | 39.5% |
| Dividend yield | —% | —% | —% |

---

The following table summarizes other information about the stock options at December 31, 2025:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2025** |
| | **(amounts in thousands, except per share data)** |
| Outstanding: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Aggregate intrinsic value | $5999 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Weighted average remaining contractual life | 4.6 years |
| Exercisable: |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Number of options | 1680 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Weighted average exercise price | $31.94 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Aggregate intrinsic value | $1171 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Weighted average remaining contractual life | 3.1 years |

---

***Restricted Stock Units and Deferred Stock Units***

The fair value of outstanding restricted stock units ("RSUs") and deferred stock units ("DSUs") was determined based on the market price of the shares on the date of grant. During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted 0.7 million, 0.8 million and 0.5 million RSUs and DSUs.

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A summary of the outstanding RSUs and DSUs as of December 31, 2024 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Restricted Stock Units & Deferred Stock Units** | **Restricted Stock Units & Deferred Stock Units** |
| | **Number** | **Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value** |
| | **(in thousands)** | |
| **December 31, 2024** | 1516 | $13.98 |
| Granted | 743 | $11.90 |
| Vested | (408) | $16.17 |
| Forfeited | (60) | $12.33 |
| **December 31, 2025** | 1791 | $12.68 |

---

The weighted average remaining vesting period for the unvested RSUs and DSUs is 3.0 years.

The weighted average grant date fair values and total fair values of RSUs and DSUs vested during 2025, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands, except per share data)** | **(in thousands, except per share data)** | **(in thousands, except per share data)** |
| Weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs and DSUs granted | $11.90 | $10.39 | $13.72 |
| Total fair value of RSUs and DSUs vested | $4706 | $3257 | $2991 |

---

The Company grants DSUs to non-employee directors. Once vested, the recipient shall be entitled to receive a lump sum payment of a number of shares equal to the total number of DSUs issued to such recipient upon the first to occur of (i) the five year anniversary of the date of grant, (ii) the recipient's death, disability or separation of service from the Board, or (iii) a change of control (as defined by the Amended 2020 Plan). Non-employee directors can also elect to receive their Board of Directors retainer in the form of DSUs in lieu of cash. DSUs issued in lieu of cash for retainers vest immediately. The number of DSUs granted to these directors is determined based on the stock price on the award date and approximates the cash value the directors would otherwise receive for their retainer. Three non-employee directors made an election in 2024 to receive DSUs in lieu of cash for their 2025 Board of Directors retainer.

On May 27, 2025, the NCSO granted an aggregate of 25,000 DSUs to the Company's non-employee directors. Each DSU award granted vests in one year. The unrecognized share-based compensation cost of DSU awards at December 31, 2025 is $0.1 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.4 years.

***Performance Stock Units***

The fair value of outstanding performance stock units ("PSUs") was determined based on a Monte Carlo simulation model performed with the assistance of third-party specialists. During each of the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company granted 0.1 million PSUs to the Company's executive officers. Such PSUs are contingent upon the achievement of certain total shareholder return ("TSR") targets as compared to the TSR of the Russell 2000 Index for 2025 grants and the S&P Midcap 400 for 2024 and 2023 grants. In addition, the participant must remain employed by the Company for the three-year period ending December 31 following the grant date. The unrecognized share-based compensation cost of the TSR-based PSU awards at December 31, 2025 is $1.5 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years.

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A summary of the outstanding PSUs as of December 31, 2024 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2025 is as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Performance Stock Units** | **Performance Stock Units** |
| | **Number** | **Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value** |
| | **(in thousands)** | |
| December 31, 2024 | 258 | $15.31 |
| Granted | 106 | $14.75 |
| Vested | (31) | $21.00 |
| Forfeited | (29) | $21.00 |
| December 31, 2025 | 304 | $14.00 |

---

The weighted average remaining vesting period for unvested PSUs is 1.2 years.

The weighted average grant date fair values and total fair values of PSUs vested during 2025, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands, except per share data)** | **(in thousands, except per share data)** | **(in thousands, except per share data)** |
| Weighted average grant-date fair value of PSUs granted | $14.75 | $11.85 | $16.20 |
| Total fair value of PSUs vested | $319 | $— | $— |

---

**Employee Stock Purchase Plan**

The Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") is currently available through 2026 to all eligible employees. All full-time and part-time employees who work an average of 20 hours per week and have completed two years of continuous service with the Company are eligible to participate. Annual offerings commence and terminate on the respective year's first and last calendar day. The Company's obligation to provide shares to employees from the ESPP are recorded as a liability within other accrued expenses and current liabilities until such point that the shares are granted to employees.

Under the ESPP, the Company is authorized to issue up to 4.1 million shares of its common stock to its employees. Pursuant to such authorization, there are 1.6 million shares available for future grant at December 31, 2025. Under the terms of the ESPP, participants may contribute through payroll deductions up to $21,250 (85% of IRS limitation) of their compensation toward the purchase of the Company's common stock. No employee may purchase common stock which exceeds $25,000 in fair market value (determined on the option date) for each calendar year. The per share option price is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market price on the first day of the offering period, or 85% of the fair market price on the last day of the offering period.

The following table summarizes information about the Company's ESPP annual offerings for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands, except per share data)** | **(in thousands, except per share data)** | **(in thousands, except per share data)** |
| Common shares purchased | 88 | 88 | 95 |
| Per common share purchase price | $9.88 | $8.81 | $8.81 |

---

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The expense associated with the options granted under the ESPP during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.2% | 4.8% | 4.8% |
| Weighted average expected life | 1.0 year | 1.0 year | 1.0 year |
| Expected volatility | 39.3% | 37.1% | 42.9% |
| Dividend yield | —% | —% | 7.1% |

---

**Deferred Compensation Plan**

The Company offers a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP") for executives and certain key employees. The SERP is not qualified under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code. The SERP allows participants to defer up to 25% of their earned income on a pre-tax basis, and as of the last day of each plan year, each participant will be credited with a 25% match of up to 15% of their earnings deferred in the form of the Company's common stock based on the then-current market value. SERP participants fully vest in the Company's matching contribution three years from the first day of the initial year of participation. The income deferred and the matching contributions are unsecured and subject to the claims of the Company's general creditors.

Under the SERP, the Company is authorized to issue 1.0 million shares of its common stock to its employees. Pursuant to such authorization, the Company has 0.1 million shares available for future grant at December 31, 2025. At the time of issuance, such shares are accounted for at cost as treasury stock. At December 31, 2025, approximately 0.4 million of shares granted under the SERP are vested and remain in the respective active participants' accounts with the trustee.

The following table summarizes information about the SERP during the plan years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| SERP expense<sup>1</sup> | $628 | $579 | $533 |
| Treasury shares issued to fund SERP expense<sup>2</sup> | 32 | 49 | 50 |
| Year end SERP trust account balance<sup>3</sup> | $58145 | $51138 | $42313 |
| Unrealized gain recorded in SERP liability account | $7261 | $8241 | $6684 |

---

1. Both the SERP match and the deferrals are included in the selling, general and administrative expenses caption in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

2. Shares related to the SERP match for each year are funded at the beginning of the subsequent year.

3. SERP trust account investments are recorded at their fair values, which are based on quoted market prices.

**Note 12 — Income Taxes**

The table below provides a reconciliation between the tax expense computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income before income taxes and the provision for income taxes:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** | **2023** | **2023** |
| | **Amount** | **%** | **Amount** | **%** | **Amount** | **%** |
| | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** |
| **U.S. Federal Statutory Tax Rate** | $14252 | 21.0% | $11118 | 21.0% | $11182 | 21.0% |
| **State and Local Income Taxes, Net of Federal Income Tax Effect** <sup>1</sup> | 2386 | 3.5% | 2641 | 5.0% | 4153 | 7.8% |
| **Tax Credits** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal Jobs Credits | (3019) | (4.5)% | (1914) | (3.6)% | (2014) | (3.8)% |
| **Changes in Valuation Allowance** |  | —% |  | —% |  | —% |
| **Nontaxable or Nondeductible Items** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Employee Retention Credit<sup>2</sup> | (6840) | (10.1)% |  | —% |  | —% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share-based compensation | 1834 | 2.7% | 1722 | 3.3% | 1610 | 3.0% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 154 | 0.2% | 108 | 0.2% | 57 | 0.1% |
| **Other Adjustments** | 40 | 0.1% | (205) | (0.4)% | (318) | (0.6)% |
| **Effective Tax Rate** | $8807 | 12.9% | $13470 | 25.5% | $14670 | 27.5% |

---

1. For 2025, states that comprise the majority (>50%) of the state tax effect are California, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Virginia. For 2024, states that comprise the majority (>50%) of the state tax effect are Maryland, California, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Florida, Texas, Virginia, Connecticut and Pennsylvania. For 2023, states that comprise the majority (>50%) of the state tax effect are New Jersey, California, Maryland, Massachusetts, Texas, Florida, Connecticut, Virginia, and Kentucky.

2. Amount received in ERC credits during 2025 was treated as a permanent tax difference and excluded from taxable income.

Income taxes paid (net of refunds received) for each period is as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Federal | 14935 | 11475 | 3099 |
| State |  |  |  |
| Massachusetts |  |  | 327 |
| New Jersey |  |  | 317 |
| Other | 5452 | 3757 | 1842 |
| Total | $20387 | $15232 | $5585 |

---

The following table summarizes the provision for income taxes:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Current: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal | $(9332) | $12275 | $13728 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;State | (919) | 4139 | 5762 |
|  | $(10251) | $16414 | $19490 |
| Deferred: |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Federal | $15946 | $(2304) | $(4183) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;State | 3112 | (640) | (637) |
|  | $19058 | $(2944) | $(4820) |
| Tax provision | $8807 | $13470 | $14670 |

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Deferred income taxes are recorded using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and income tax basis of assets and liabilities.

Significant components of the Company's federal and state deferred tax asset and liability balances were as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Allowance for doubtful accounts | $5200 | $25138 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Deferred compensation | 9869 | 9159 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued insurance claims | 4953 | 5277 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Non-deductible reserves | 193 | 497 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Lease liabilities | 3848 | 4214 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Share based compensation | 3692 | 3312 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 4246 | 3275 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total deferred tax assets | $32001 | $50872 |
| Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Expensing of housekeeping supplies | $(2117) | $(2174) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of goodwill and intangibles | (4416) | (3861) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation of property and equipment | (2162) | (1664) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Lease right-of-use assets | (3634) | (4048) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | (1200) | (955) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total deferred tax liabilities | $(13529) | $(12702) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net deferred tax assets | $18472 | $38170 |

---

Realization of the Company's deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings in specific tax jurisdictions, the timing and amount of which are uncertain. Management assesses the Company's income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon an evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting dates, which include historical operating results and expectations of future earnings. As such, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets recorded will be realized to reduce future income taxes and therefore no valuation allowances are necessary.

The Company performs an evaluation each period of its tax positions taken and expected to be taken in tax returns. The evaluation is performed on positions relating to tax years that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions, the earliest of which is the tax year ended December 31, 2020. Based on the evaluation, the Company concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company's financial statements. Therefore, the table reporting on the change in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is omitted as there is no activity to report in such account for the years ended December 31, 2025 or 2024.

**Note 13 — Segment Information**

The Company manages and evaluates its operations in two reportable segments: Environmental Services (housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services) and Dietary (dietary department services). Although both segments serve a similar customer base and share many operational similarities, they are managed separately due to distinct differences in the type of services provided, as well as the specialized expertise required of the professional management personnel responsible for delivering each segment's services. Such services are rendered pursuant to discrete contracts, specific to each reportable segment.

The Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") for both segments for each of the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was Theodore Wahl, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer. The Company's CODM does not review assets by segment to assess segment performance or allocate resources, nor is such information provided to the CODM. Accordingly, the Company does not present assets by segment.

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The Company's Significant Segment Expenses for each segment include direct labor costs and segment-based management expenses (collectively, "labor and labor-related"), food, chemicals and supplies, bad debt expense, and depreciation & amortization, as these are specific costs regularly provided to the CODM and used to evaluate segment performance. Other segment items include expenses recorded within costs of services provided which are not regularly provided to the CODM. The CODM evaluates segment profit each period against historical results, factoring in macroeconomic factors such as the cost of labor and supplies, to assess segment performance.

The Company's accounting policies for the segments are generally the same as described in the Company's significant accounting policies. The Company does not allocate Corporate expenses, gains (losses) on deferred compensation plan investments, other (income) expense, net, interest expense and income tax provision to segments; such amounts are added to combined segment profit and reconciled to the Company's consolidated income before income taxes. All revenues and net income are earned in the United States.

The following tables provide profit information disaggregated by the Company's reportable segments for each of the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31, 2025** | **Year Ended December 31, 2025** | **Year Ended December 31, 2025** |
| | **EVS** | **Dietary** | **Total** |
| | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** |
| Revenues | $824681 | $1012492 | $1837173 |
| Significant Segment Expenses |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Labor and labor-related<sup>1</sup> | 645335 | 595419 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Food, chemicals and supplies | 59150 | 312728 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Bad debt expense | 29096 | 53983 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization expense | 4467 | 3716 |  |
| Other segment items<sup>2</sup> | 14382 | 21626 |  |
| Segment profit | $72251 | $25020 | $97271 |
| Segment margin | 8.8% | 2.5% |  |
| Unallocated expenses (income) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;ERC refunds<sup>3</sup> |  |  | $(34239) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate expenses<sup>4</sup> |  |  | 75710 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on deferred compensation plan investments |  |  | 7261 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other (income), net |  |  | (20907) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense |  |  | 1580 |
| Income before income taxes |  |  | $67866 |

---

1. Includes direct labor costs, field management costs (including certain costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses), employer taxes, workers' compensation and general liability insurance.

2. Includes expenses for technology, employment advertising, travel & entertainment, professional services and various other less significant expense items.

3. ERC refunds were excluded from segment results for each segment as the credits were related to services provided in previous years and not indicative of current period segment performance, as reviewed by the CODM.

4. Represents selling, general and administrative expenses less the amounts allocated to segments for labor and benefits.

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---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31, 2024** | **Year Ended December 31, 2024** | **Year Ended December 31, 2024** |
| | **EVS** | **Dietary** | **Total** |
| | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** |
| Revenues | $765368 | $950314 | $1715682 |
| Significant Segment Expenses |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Labor and labor-related<sup>1</sup> | 600198 | 537446 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Food, chemicals and supplies | 56504 | 308859 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Bad debt expense | 14101 | 32659 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization expense | 3701 | 2856 |  |
| Other segment items<sup>2</sup> | 15454 | 22473 |  |
| Segment profit | $75410 | $46021 | $121431 |
| Segment margin | 9.9% | 4.8% |  |
| Unallocated expenses (income) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate expenses<sup>3</sup> |  |  | $68160 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on deferred compensation plan investments |  |  | 8241 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other (income), net |  |  | (14349) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense |  |  | 6438 |
| Income before income taxes |  |  | $52941 |

---

1. Includes direct labor costs, field management costs (including certain costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses), employer taxes, workers' compensation and general liability insurance.

2. Includes expenses for technology, employment advertising, travel & entertainment, professional services and various other less significant expense items.

3. Represents selling, general and administrative expenses less the amounts allocated to segments for labor and benefits.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31, 2023** | **Year Ended December 31, 2023** | **Year Ended December 31, 2023** |
| | **EVS** | **Dietary** | **Total** |
| | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** | **(in thousands, except for percentages)** |
| Revenues | $766651 | $904738 | $1671389 |
| Significant Segment Expenses |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Labor and labor-related<sup>1</sup> | 599881 | 522052 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Food, chemicals and supplies | 58627 | 294690 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Bad debt expense | 17557 | 18046 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation and amortization | 3664 | 3779 |  |
| Other segment items<sup>2</sup> | 14907 | 21446 |  |
| Segment profit | $72015 | $44725 | $116740 |
| Segment margin | 9.4% | 4.9% |  |
| Unallocated expenses (income) |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate expenses<sup>3</sup> |  |  | $62082 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on deferred compensation plan investments |  |  | 6684 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other (income), net |  |  | (12938) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Interest expense |  |  | 7856 |
| Income before income taxes |  |  | $53056 |

---

1. Includes direct labor costs, field management costs (including certain costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses), employer taxes, workers' compensation and general liability insurance.

2. Includes expenses for technology, employment advertising, travel & entertainment, professional services and various other less significant expense items.

3. Represents selling, general and administrative expenses less the amounts allocated to segments for labor and benefits.

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The following table provides capital expenditures disaggregated by the Company's reportable segments for each of the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Capital expenditures** |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;EVS | $4526 | $5166 | $4684 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dietary | 879 | 936 | 494 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Corporate overhead | 413 | 234 | 228 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Consolidated | $5818 | $6336 | $5406 |

---

**Note 14 — Earnings Per Common Share**

Basic and diluted earnings per common share are computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of basic and diluted common shares outstanding, respectively. The weighted-average number of diluted common shares includes the impact of dilutive securities, including outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock units. The table below reconciles the weighted-average basic and diluted common shares outstanding for 2025, 2024 and 2023:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands, except per share amounts)** | **(in thousands, except per share amounts)** | **(in thousands, except per share amounts)** |
| Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |
| Net income | $59059 | $39471 | $38386 |
| Denominator: |  |  |  |
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic | 72380 | 73754 | 74288 |
| Effect of dilutive securities<sup>1</sup> | 652 | 234 | 52 |
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted | 73032 | 73988 | 74340 |
| Basic earnings per share: | $0.82 | $0.54 | $0.52 |
| Diluted earnings per share: | $0.81 | $0.53 | $0.52 |

---

1. Certain outstanding equity awards are anti-dilutive and therefore were excluded from the calculation of the weighted-average number of diluted common shares outstanding.

Anti-dilutive outstanding equity awards under share-based compensation plans were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** | **Year Ended December 31,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2023** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Anti-dilutive equity awards | 2,545 | 2,788 | 3,228 |

---

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Note 15— Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets**

The Company's prepaid expenses and other current assets included the following amounts as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Prepaid insurance and deposits | $3245 | $5820 |
| Deferred compensation funding — short-term | 2236 | 1499 |
| Other current assets | 10382 | 8393 |
| Other prepaid expenses | 5071 | 6084 |
| Total prepaid expenses and other current assets | $20934 | $21796 |

---

**Note 16— Other Accrued Expenses and Current Liabilities**

The Company's other accrued expenses and current liabilities included the following amounts as of December 31, 2025 and

2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **December 31, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Deferred ERC credits | $12277 | $— |
| Lease liability — short-term | 5357 | 8422 |
| Deferred revenue | 8930 | 4474 |
| Deferred compensation liability — short-term | 2236 | 1499 |
| Other accrued expenses | 7012 | 8896 |
| Other current liabilities | 1410 | 2991 |
| Total other accrued expenses and current liabilities | $37222 | $26282 |

---

**Note 17— Other Contingencies**

**Line of Credit**

At December 31, 2025, the Company had a $300.0 million bank line of credit on which to draw for general corporate purposes. Amounts drawn under the line of credit generally bear interest at a floating rate, based on the Company's leverage ratio, and starting at the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 165 basis points. The Company did not have any borrowings under the line of credit as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The line of credit requires the Company to satisfy two financial covenants, with which the Company is in compliance as of December 31, 2025. The line of credit expires on November 22, 2027. The Company's line of credit was amended on November 22, 2022 to, among other things, provide for a five-year unsecured revolving loan facility in the aggregate amount of $300.0 million with, at the Company's option, the ability to increase the revolving loan commitments to an aggregate amount not to exceed $500.0 million.

At December 31, 2025, the Company had outstanding $47.7 million in irrevocable standby letters of credit, which relate to payment obligations under the Company's insurance programs. In connection with the issuance of the letters of credit, the amount available under the line of credit was reduced by $47.7 million to $252.3 million at December 31, 2025. On January 8, 2025, October 6, 2025, and January 20, 2026, the letters of credit were renewed, and they all expire in the first quarter of 2027.

**Tax Jurisdictions and Matters**

The Company provides services throughout the continental United States and is subject to numerous state and local taxing jurisdictions. In the ordinary course of business, a jurisdiction may contest the Company's reporting positions with respect to the application of its tax code to the Company's services, which could result in additional tax liabilities.

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The Company has tax matters with various taxing authorities. Because of the uncertainties related to both the probable outcomes and amount of probable assessments due, the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of a liability. The Company does not expect the resolution of any of these matters, taken individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations based on the Company's best estimate of the outcomes of such matters.

**Legal Proceedings**

The Company is subject to various claims and legal actions in the ordinary course of business and records legal expenses as they are incurred. Some of these matters include payroll- and employee-related matters and examinations by governmental agencies. As the Company becomes aware of such claims and legal actions, the Company records accruals for any exposures that are probable and estimable. If adverse outcomes of such claims and legal actions are reasonably possible, Management assesses materiality and provides financial disclosure, as appropriate.

At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably estimate possible losses or form a judgment that an unfavorable outcome is either probable or remote with respect to certain pending litigation claims asserted and it is not currently possible to assess whether or not the outcome of these proceedings may have a material adverse effect on the Company.

**Government Regulations**

The Company's customers are primarily concentrated in the healthcare industry and are primarily providers of long-term care. The revenues of many of the Company's customers are highly reliant on Medicare, Medicaid and third party payers' reimbursement funding rates. New legislation or additional changes in existing regulations could directly impact the governmental reimbursement programs in which the customers participate.

**Note 18 — Other Employee Benefit Plans**

**Retirement Savings Plan**

The Company has a retirement savings plan for eligible employees (the "RSP") under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. The RSP allows eligible employees to contribute up to 15% of their eligible compensation on a pre-tax basis.

**Note 19 — Related Party Transactions**

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company invested $0.1 million and $2.8 million, respectively, in Align+Engage LLC ("Align+Engage"), a healthcare technology company which specializes in the long-term and acute care markets which was accounted for as an equity method investment. The Company's total investment represents a 25% ownership share of Align+Engage. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 Company recorded expenses of $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively, in connection with services provided by Align+Engage, including the use of an application by Company personnel.

**Note 20— Accrued Insurance Claims**

The Company currently has a Paid Loss Retrospective Insurance Plan for general liability, workers' compensation, and other self-insurance programs, which comprised approximately 24.8% and 25.4% of the Company's liabilities at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Under the Company's insurance plans, predetermined loss limits are arranged with the Company's insurance company to limit both per occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost. The Company's accounting for this plan utilizes current valuations from a third-party actuary, which include assumptions based on data such as historical claims, pay-out experience, demographic factors, industry trends, severity factors and other actuarial calculations. In the event that the Company's claims experience and/or industry trends result in an unfavorable change in the assumptions or outcomes, it would have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.

For general liability, workers' compensation, and other self-insurance programs, the Company records both a reserve for the estimated future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, as well as an estimate of claims incurred but not reported developed by a third party actuary through review of the Company's historical data and open claims.

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In 2025, self-insurance liabilities decreased due to favorable $13.6 million adjustments after considering updated actuarial estimates for projected incurred losses on past claims. In 2024, self-insurance liabilities decreased due to a favorable $11.6 million adjustment after considering updated actuarial estimates for projected incurred losses on past claims. In 2023, self-insurance liabilities decreased due to a favorable $12.5 million adjustment after considering updated actuarial estimates for projected incurred losses on past claims.

**Note 21 — Treasury Stock**

On February 14, 2023, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 7.5 million outstanding shares of common stock (the "2023 Repurchase Plan"). Pursuant to the 2023 Repurchase Plan, the Company repurchased 4.0 million shares of the Company's common stock during the year ended December 31, 2025 for a total cost of $61.6 million inclusive of transaction costs. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company purchased 0.4 million shares of the Company's common stock for a total cost of $5.0 million inclusive of transaction costs. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company purchased 1.0 million shares of the Company's common stock for a total cost of $11.1 million inclusive of transaction costs.

**Note 22 — Subsequent Events**

The Company evaluated all subsequent events through the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. On February 10, 2026, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 10.0 million outstanding shares of common stock (the "2026 Repurchase Plan").

Except as noted above, the Company concluded that no events or transactions occurred during the subsequent reporting period that require recognition or additional disclosure in these financial statements.

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**Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.**

None.

**Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.**

**Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

In accordance with the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15a-15, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Company's CEO and CFO concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange commission, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Company's CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

**Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting**

The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Company's principal executive and principal financial officers, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based upon the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, the Company's management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2025.

**Audit Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting of the Registered Public Accounting Firm**

Grant Thornton LLP, the Company's independent registered public accounting firm has audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and, as part of their audit, has issued their report, included herein, on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025.

**Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting**

There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

**Inherent Limitation on the Effectiveness of Internal Control over Financial Reporting and Disclosure Controls and Procedures**

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected or preventable.

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**Item 9B. Other Information.**

During the three months ended December 31, 2025, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), adopted, terminated or modified a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended).

**Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.**

Not applicable.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**PART III**

**Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.**

The information regarding directors and executive officers and the Company's insider trading policies are incorporated herein by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement to be mailed to its shareholders in connection with its 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and to be filed within 120 days of the close of the year ended December 31, 2025.

**Code of Ethics and Business Conduct**

The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that applies to all employees, including executive officers and directors. The code of ethics is publicly available on the Corporate Governance page of the Company's website at *www.hcsg.com*. If the Company makes any amendments or grant any waivers, including implicit waivers, from a provision of the Company code of ethics that applies to the principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or any person performing similar functions, the Company will disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver, its effective date and to whom it applies on the Company's website set forth above or in a report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

**Item 11. Executive Compensation.**

The information regarding executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement to be mailed to shareholders in connection with its 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and to be filed within 120 days of the close of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

**Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.**

The information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement to be mailed to shareholders in connection with its 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and to be filed within 120 days of the close of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025.

**Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.**

The information regarding certain relationships and related transactions, and director independence is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement mailed to shareholders in connection with its 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and to be filed within 120 days of the close of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

**Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.**

The information regarding principal accountant fees and services is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement mailed to shareholders in connection with its 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and to be filed within 120 days of the close of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**PART IV**

**Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.**

(a) The following financial statements, schedules and exhibits are filed as part of this report:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.*Index to Consolidated Financial Statements* — The Financial Statements required by this item are listed on the Index to Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.*Index to Financial Statement Schedules* —

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.Other financial statement schedules are not included because they are not required or the information is otherwise shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.*Index to Exhibits* —

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The exhibits listed below are filed as part of, or are incorporated by reference into, this report.

(b) See Item 15(a)(3) above.

(c) See Item 15(a)(2) above.

**Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.**

None.

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Healthcare Services Group, Inc.**

**Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Description** | **Beginning Balance** | **Charged to Costs and Expenses** | **Deductions** | **Ending Balance** |
| | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **2025** |  |  |  |  |
| Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | $100782 | $83079 | $36849 | $147012 |
| **2024** |  |  |  |  |
| Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | $91699 | $46760 | $37677 | $100782 |
| **2023** |  |  |  |  |
| Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | $73464 | $35604 | $17369 | $91699 |

---

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<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Exhibit Index**

The following Exhibits are filed as part of this Report (references are to Reg. S-K Exhibit Numbers):

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | **Incorporated by Reference** | |
|<br>**Exhibit Number** |<br>**Description** | **Form** | **File No.** | **Date of Filing** | **Exhibit Number** |<br>**Filed Herewith** |
| 3.1 | <u>[Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant as of May 30, 2000](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000095011601000464/0000950116-01-000464-0003.txt)</u> | 10-K | 0-12015 | 3/21/2001 | 3.2 |  |
| 3.2 | <u>[Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant as of May 22, 2007](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000092189507001157/ex31toform8k00111_05222007.htm)</u> | 8-K | 0-12015 | 5/24/2007 | 3.1 |  |
| 3.3 | <u>[Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Registrant dated June 18, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000073101224000114/exhibit31-amendedarticle.htm)</u> | 10-Q | 0-12015 | 7/26/2024 | 3.1 |  |
| 3.4 | <u>[Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant as of February 13, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000073101224000025/thirdamendedandrestatedbyl.htm)</u> | 10-K | 0-12015 | 2/16/2024 | 3.4 |  |
| 4.1 (P) | Specimen Certificate of the Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of the Registrant | S-18 | 2-87625-W |  | 4.1 |  |
| 4.2† | <u>[Healthcare Services Group, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000092189599000906/0000921895-99-000906.txt)</u> | S-8 | 333-92835 | 12/15/1999 | 4(a) |  |
| 4.3† | <u>[Healthcare Services Group, Inc. Amendment No. 3 to Employee Stock Purchase Plan](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000073101216000165/exhibit_ax-xamendmentxnox3.htm)</u> | 10-Q | 0-12015 | 10/28/2016 | 4.1 |  |
| 4.4† | <u>[Amendment No. 4 to the Healthcare Services Group, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, dated as of July 20, 2021](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000731012/000073101221000068/esppamendmentno4.htm)</u> | 10-Q | 0-12015 | 7/23/2021 | 4.1 |  |
| 4.5† | <u>[Healthcare Services Group, Inc. Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000119312512430162/d409049dex101.htm)</u> | 10-Q | 0-12015 | 10/22/2012 | 10.1 |  |
| 4.6 | <u>[Description of the Company's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000073101220000069/exhibit47-descriptionofreg.htm)</u> | S-8 | 333-240096 | 7/24/2020 | 4.7 |  |
| 10.1† | <u>[Amended and Restated 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000073101223000090/amended2020omnibusincentiv.htm)</u> | 8-K | 0-12015 | 6/1/2023 | 10.1 |  |
| 10.2 | <u>[$475,000,000 Revolving Credit Facility, dated as of December 21, 2018](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000073101218000082/a2018-q4x8kxletterofcredit.htm)</u>  | 8-K | 0-12015 | 12/31/2018 | 10.1 |  |
| 10.3 | <u>[$300,000,000 Amended Credit Agreement, dated as of November 22, 2022](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000073101222000089/secondamendmentto300000000.htm)</u> | 8-K | 0-12015 | 11/28/2022 | 10.1 |  |
| 10.4 | <u>[Healthcare Services Group, Inc. Dividend Reinvestment Plan](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000092189503000583/ex99tos3d_08212003.htm)</u> | S-3D | 333-108182 | 8/22/2003 | 99.0 |  |
| 19 | <u>[Healthcare Services Group, Inc. Insider Trading Policy](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/731012/000073101224000025/exhibit19-insidertradingpo.htm)</u> | 10-K | 0-12015 | 2/16/2024 | 19.0 |  |
| 21 | <u>[Subsidiaries of Healthcare Services Group, Inc.](exhibit21-2025subsidiaries.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 23 | <u>[Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm](exhibit23-2025consentofind.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 31.1 | <u>[Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act](exhibit311-2025section302c.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 31.2 | <u>[Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act](exhibit312-2025section302c.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 32.1 | <u>[Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act](exhibit321-2025section906c.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 97 | <u>[Healthcare Services Group, Inc. Dodd-Frank Clawback Policy](exhibit971-hcsgclawbackpol.htm)</u> |  |  |  |  | X |
| 101 | The following financial information from the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  |  |  |  | X |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.) |  |  |  |  | X |

---

 

† Indicates a management plan or compensatory plan or arrangement.

(P) Prior to digital copy

------

<u>[**Table of Contents**](#ie679144b2ab14511b6e62b9ea0ee3f2b_7)</u>

**Signatures**

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant had duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Dated: February 13, 2026 | **HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.** | **HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.** |
|  | (Registrant) | (Registrant) |
|  | By: | /s/ Theodore Wahl |
|  |  | Theodore Wahl |
|  |  | *President & Chief Executive Officer* |

---

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons and in the capacities and on the date indicated:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **<u>Signature</u>** | **<u>Title</u>** | **<u>Date</u>** |
| /s/ Theodore Wahl | Director and President & Chief Executive Officer | February 13, 2026 |
| Theodore Wahl | (Principal Executive Officer) |  |
| /s/ Vikas Singh | Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer | February 13, 2026 |
| Vikas Singh | (Principal Financial Officer) |  |
| /s/ Andrew M. Brophy | Senior Vice President & Chief Accounting Officer | February 13, 2026 |
| Andrew M. Brophy | (Principal Accounting Officer) |  |
| /s/ Jude Visconto | Chairman of the Board | February 13, 2026 |
| Jude Visconto |  |  |
| /s/ Diane S. Casey | Director | February 13, 2026 |
| Diane S. Casey |  |  |
| /s/ Daniela Castagnino | Director | February 13, 2026 |
| Daniela Castagnino |  |  |
| /s/ Laura Grant | Director | February 13, 2026 |
| Laura Grant |  |  |
| /s/ John J. McFadden | Director | February 13, 2026 |
| John J. McFadden |  |  |
| /s/ Dino D. Ottaviano | Director | February 13, 2026 |
| Dino D. Ottaviano |  |  |
| /s/ Kurt Simmons, Jr. | Director | February 13, 2026 |
| Kurt Simmons, Jr. |  |  |
| /s/ Thomas G. Whalen | Director | February 13, 2026 |
| Thomas G. Whalen |  |  |

---

## Ex-21

Exhibit 21

**SUBSIDIARIES OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.**

**AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2025**

The following is a list of the subsidiaries of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. ("HCSG") showing the place of incorporation or organization and the names under which each subsidiary does business (in italics).

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Entity Name** | **Year Formed** | **Jurisdiction** | **Description** |
| HCSG Staff Leasing Solutions, LLC ("Staff Leasing") | 2011 | Pennsylvania | Staff Leasing offers professional employer organization services to clients in the healthcare industry. |
| HCSG Insurance Corp. | 2014 | New Jersey | HCSG Insurance Corp. is a captive insurance company which provides the Company with certain insurance-related services. |
| HCSG Labor Supply, LLC ("Labor Supply"" | 2014 | Pennsylvania | Labor Supply offers personnel solutions on an indefinite basis in specific job classifications to clients in the healthcare industry. |
| HCSG East, LLC | 2015 | New Jersey | HCSG East, LLC provides housekeeping, laundry and dietary services at client facilities as a subcontracted service provider on behalf of HCSG. |
| HCSG Central, LLC | 2015 | New Jersey | HCSG Central, LLC provides housekeeping, laundry and dietary services at client facilities as a subcontracted service provider on behalf of HCSG. |
| HCSG West, LLC | 2015 | New Jersey | HCSG West, LLC provides housekeeping, laundry and dietary services at client facilities as a subcontracted service provider on behalf of HCSG. |
| HCSG East Labor Supply, LLC | 2015 | New Jersey | HCSG East Labor Supply, LLC provides personnel solutions on an indefinite basis in specific job classifications to clients in the healthcare industry. |
| HCSG Clinical Services, LLC | 2017 | New Jersey | HCSG Clinical Services, LLC provides clinical, nutrition, dietician and similar services as a subcontracted service provider on behalf of HCSG. |
| ELuminate, LLC | 2021 | Pennsylvania | ELuminate, LLC provides testing, credentialing, certification of professional positions and similar services. |
| Meriwether-Godsey, Inc. | 2021 | Virginia | Meriwether-Godsey, Inc. provides dietary services to schools, businesses, government agencies and other institutions. |
| Platinum Cleaning Services of Indianapolis, LLC ("Platinum") | 2025 | Pennsylvania | Platinum provides housekeeping services to clients in healthcare facilities and commercial offices. |
| Core Procure, LLC | 2025 | Pennsylvania | Core Procure, LLC provides housekeeping and dietary supply procurement services to clients in the healthcare industry. |

---

## Ex-23

Exhibit 23

**CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM**

We have issued our reports dated February 13, 2026, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting included in the Annual Report of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said reports in the Registration Statements of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. on Form S-3 (File No. 333-108182) and on Forms S-8 (File No. 333-92835, File No. 333-184612, File No. 333-234338, File No. 333-240096, and File No. 333-273517).

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

February 13, 2026

## Exhibit 31.1

Exhibit 31.1

**Certification of the Chief Executive Officer** 

**Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a)** 

**Under the Securities Exchange Act, as Amended**

I, Theodore Wahl, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Healthcare Services Group, Inc.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's Board of Directors:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | February 13, 2026 | /s/ Theodore Wahl |
| | | Theodore Wahl |
| | | President & Chief Executive Officer |
| | | (Principal Executive Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

Exhibit 31.2

**Certification of the Chief Financial Officer** 

**Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a)** 

**Under the Securities Exchange Act, as Amended**

I, Vikas Singh, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Healthcare Services Group, Inc.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's Board of Directors:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | February 13, 2026 | /s/ Vikas Singh |
| | | Vikas Singh |
| | | Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer |
| | | (Principal Financial Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

Exhibit 32.1

**Certification Pursuant to**

**18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to**

**Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (the "Company") for the year ended December 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Theodore Wahl, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Vikas Singh, Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) That information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: | February 13, 2026 | /s/ Theodore Wahl |
|  |  | Theodore Wahl |
|  |  | President & Chief Executive Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |
| Date: | February 13, 2026 | /s/ Vikas Singh |
|  |  | Vikas Singh |
|  |  | Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 97.1

![image_0.jpg](image_0.jpg)

![image_1.jpg](image_1.jpg)

Exhibit 97.1

**Healthcare Services Group, Inc.**

**Dodd-Frank Clawback Policy**

The Board of Directors (the "Board") of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (the "Company") has adopted this Clawback policy (the "Policy") as of October 2, 2023 to provide for the recovery of erroneously awarded Incentive-Based Compensation from Executive Officers. This Policy shall be interpreted to comply with the clawback rules found in 17 C.F.R. §240.10D and Listing Rule 5608(b) of the Nasdaq Stock Market (the "Nasdaq"), and, to the extent this Policy is in any manner deemed inconsistent with such rules, this Policy shall be treated as retroactively amended to be compliant with such rules.

**1. Definitions** 

17 C.F.R. §240.10D-1(d) defines the terms "Executive Officer," "Financial Reporting Measures," "Incentive-Based Compensation," and "Received." As used herein, these terms shall have the same meaning as in that regulation. The definition of "Executive Officer" as of the effective date of this Policy is set forth below for illustrative purposes, but for purposes of this Policy, the definition of Executive Officer shall include modifications made to the definition contained in 17 C.F.R. §240.10D-1(d) from time to time, if any:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"*Executive Officer*" - An executive officer is the issuer's president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting officer, the controller), any vice-president of the issuer in charge of a principal business unit, division, or function (such as sales, administration, or finance), any other officer who performs a policy-making function, or any other person who performs similar policy-making functions for the issuer. Executive officers of the issuer's parent(s) or subsidiaries are deemed executive officers of the issuer if they perform such policy making functions for the issuer. In addition, when the issuer is a limited partnership, officers or employees of the general partner(s) who perform policy-making functions for the limited partnership are deemed officers of the limited partnership. When the issuer is a trust, officers, or employees of the trustee(s) who perform policy-making functions for the trust are deemed officers of the trust. Policy-making function is not intended to include policy-making functions that are not significant. Identification of an executive officer for purposes of this section would include at a minimum executive officers identified pursuant to 17 CFR 229.401(b).

**2. Application of the Policy**

This Policy shall only apply in the event that the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including any required accounting restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period. In the event of such an accounting restatement, the Company will recover reasonably promptly any Erroneously Awarded Compensation Received in accordance with this Policy.

The Board of Directors has delegated the oversight of this Policy to the Nominating, Compensation and Stock Option ("NCSO") Committee, which shall have the authority to (i) exercise all of the powers granted to it under this Policy, (ii) construe, interpret, and implement this Policy, (iii) make all determinations necessary or advisable in administering this Policy, and (iv) amend this Policy, including to reflect changes in applicable law.

Corporate Office: 3220 Tillman Drive • Glenview Corporate Center • Suite 300 • Bensalem, PA 19020

*(215) 639-4274 •* Fax: *(215) 639-2152 • http://www.hcsgcorp.com* 

------

![image_0.jpg](image_0.jpg)

![image_1.jpg](image_1.jpg)

**3. Recovery Period**

The Incentive-Based Compensation subject to clawback is the Incentive-Based Compensation Received by an Executive Officer (1) after beginning service as an Executive Officer and (2) during the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date that the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement as described in section II, provided that the person served as an Executive Officer at any time during the performance period applicable to the Incentive-Based Compensation in question (whether or not such person is serving as an Executive Officer at the time the Erroneously Awarded Compensation is required to be repaid to the Company). The date that the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement shall be determined pursuant to 17 C.F.R. §240.10D-1(b)(1)(ii).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Policy shall only apply if the Incentive-Based Compensation is Received (1) while the Company has a class of securities listed on the Nasdaq and (2) on or after October 27, 2023.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.See 17 C.F.R. §240.10D-1(b)(1)(i) for certain circumstances under which the Policy will apply to Incentive-Based Compensation Received during a transition period arising due to a change in the Company's fiscal year.

**4. Erroneously Awarded Compensation**

The amount of Incentive-Based Compensation subject to recovery under this Policy with respect to each Executive Officer in connection with an accounting restatement described in Section II ("Erroneously Awarded Compensation") is the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation Received that exceeds the amount of Incentive-Based Compensation that otherwise would have been Received had it been determined based on the restated amounts and shall be computed without regard to any taxes paid. For Incentive-Based Compensation based on the Company's stock price or total shareholder return, where the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in an accounting restatement: (1) the amount shall be based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the accounting restatement on the Company's stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive-Based Compensation was Received; and (2) the Company must maintain documentation of the determination of that reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to the Nasdaq.

**5. Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation**

The Company shall recover reasonably promptly any Erroneously Awarded Compensation except to the extent that the conditions of paragraphs (A), (B), or (C) below apply. The NCSO Committee shall determine the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation Received by each

Executive Officer, shall promptly notify each Executive Officer in writing of such amount and demand repayment or return of such compensation based on a repayment schedule determined by the NCSO Committee in a manner that complies with the "reasonably promptly" requirement. Such determination shall be consistent with any applicable legal guidance, by the Securities and Nasdaq Commission (the "SEC"), judicial opinion, or otherwise. The determination of "reasonably promptly" may vary from case to case and the NCSO Committee is authorized to adopt additional rules to further describe what repayment schedules satisfy this requirement. In the event the Executive Officer does not remit repayment reasonably promptly, the NCSO Committee may seek a court order against the Executive Officer for such repayment.

Corporate Office: 3220 Tillman Drive • Glenview Corporate Center • Suite 300 • Bensalem, PA 19020

*(215) 639-4274 •* Fax: *(215) 639-2152 • http://www.hcsgcorp.com* 

------

![image_0.jpg](image_0.jpg)

![image_1.jpg](image_1.jpg)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a.Erroneously Awarded Compensation need not be recovered if the direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing the Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered and the Board has made a determination that recovery would be impracticable. Before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on expense of enforcement, the Company shall make a reasonable attempt to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation, document such reasonable attempt(s) to recover, and provide that documentation to the Nasdaq.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b.Erroneously Awarded Compensation need not be recovered if recovery would violate home country law where that law was adopted prior to November 28, 2022. Before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation based on violation of home country law, the Company shall obtain an opinion of home country counsel, acceptable to the Nasdaq, that recovery would result in such a violation and shall provide such opinion to the Nasdaq.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.Erroneously Awarded Compensation need not be recovered if recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the requirements of 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(13) or 26 U.S.C. 411(a) and regulations thereunder.

**6. NCSO Committee Decisions**

Decisions of the NCSO Committee with respect to this Policy shall be final, conclusive and binding on all Executive Officers subject to this Policy, unless determined to be an abuse of discretion.

**7. No Indemnification**

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in any other policy of the Company or any agreement between the Company and an Executive Officer, no Executive Officer shall be indemnified by the Company against the loss of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation or any claims related to the Company's enforcement of its rights under this Policy.

**8. Agreement to Policy by Executive Officers**

The NCSO Committee shall take reasonable steps to inform Executive Officers of this Policy and obtain their agreement to this Policy, which steps may constitute the inclusion of this Policy as an attachment to any award that is accepted by the Executive Officer.

**9. Other Recovery Rights**

Any employment agreement, equity award agreement, compensatory plan or any other agreement or arrangement with an Executive Officer shall be deemed to include, as a condition to the grant of any benefit thereunder, an agreement by the Executive Officer to abide by the terms of this Policy. Any right of recovery under this Policy is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other remedies or rights of recovery that may be available to the Company under applicable law, regulation or rule or pursuant to the terms of any policy of the Company or any provision in any employment agreement, equity award agreement, compensatory plan, agreement or other arrangement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, (i) with respect to Executive Officers, if application of the provisions of the Amended and Restated Healthcare Services Group, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "Plan") to any Executive Officer provides that a greater amount of such compensation may be subject to clawback, the NCSO Committee may, in its sole discretion, elect to apply the Plan's provisions; and (ii) with respect to other persons employed by or providing services to the Company, this Policy does not limit or supersede the provisions of the Plan, and the NCSO Committee may elect to apply the Plan's provisions in the Board's sole discretion.

Corporate Office: 3220 Tillman Drive • Glenview Corporate Center • Suite 300 • Bensalem, PA 19020

*(215) 639-4274 •* Fax: *(215) 639-2152 • http://www.hcsgcorp.com* 

------

![image_0.jpg](image_0.jpg)

![image_1.jpg](image_1.jpg)

**10. Disclosure**

The Company shall file all disclosures with respect to this Policy required by applicable SEC filings and rules.

**11. Amendments**

The NCSO Committee may amend this Policy from time to time in its discretion and shall amend this Policy as it deems necessary. Notwithstanding anything in this Section XI to the contrary, no amendment or termination of this Policy shall be effective if such amendment or termination would (after taking into account any actions taken by the Company contemporaneously with such amendment or termination) cause the Company to violate any federal securities laws, SEC rule or Nasdaq rule.

Corporate Office: 3220 Tillman Drive • Glenview Corporate Center • Suite 300 • Bensalem, PA 19020

*(215) 639-4274 •* Fax: *(215) 639-2152 • http://www.hcsgcorp.com* 

------

![image_0.jpg](image_0.jpg)

![image_1.jpg](image_1.jpg)

**<u>EXHIBIT A</u>**

**Healthcare Services Group, Inc.**

**Dodd-Frank Clawback Policy**

**Acknowledgement Form**

By signing below, the undersigned acknowledges and confirms that the undersigned has received and reviewed a copy of the Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (the "Company") Dodd-Frank Clawback Policy (the "Policy").

By signing this Acknowledgment Form, the undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the undersigned is and will continue to be subject to the Policy and that the Policy will apply both during and after the undersigned's employment with the Company. Further, by signing below, the undersigned agrees to abide by the terms of the Policy, including, without limitation, by returning any Erroneously Awarded Compensation (as defined in the Policy) to the Company to the extent required by, and in a manner consistent with, the Policy.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ____________________________________________

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Signature&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ____________________________________________

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Print Name

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;____________________________________________

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Date

Corporate Office: 3220 Tillman Drive • Glenview Corporate Center • Suite 300 • Bensalem, PA 19020

*(215) 639-4274 •* Fax: *(215) 639-2152 • http://www.hcsgcorp.com*