# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001683471
**File Stem:** 0000894189-23-001798
**Filing Date:** 2023-3
**Character Count:** 173202
**Document Hash:** 49720abdf0fa0d9c5f55b1d325338907
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0000894189-23-001798.hdr.sgml**: 20230302

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0000894189-23-001798

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 497

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 2

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230302

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230302

**EFFECTIVENESS DATE**: 20230302

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Listed Funds Trust
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001683471
- **IRS NUMBER:** 826272597
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 0831

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 497
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-215588
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23700449

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 615 E. MICHIGAN STREET
- **CITY:** MILWAUKEE
- **STATE:** WI
- **ZIP:** 53202
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 414-765-5144

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 615 E. MICHIGAN STREET
- **CITY:** MILWAUKEE
- **STATE:** WI
- **ZIP:** 53202

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Active Weighting Funds ETF Trust
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20160830

## Series and Classes Contracts Data

### Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF (Series ID: S000078972)

---

|  |  |  |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Class Name                   | Ticker Symbol | Class ID   |
| Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF | MEDX          | C000239791 |

---

### Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF (Series ID: S000078973)

---

|  |  |  |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Class Name                       | Ticker Symbol | Class ID   |
| Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF | SPAQ          | C000239792 |

---

## Series and Classes Contracts Data

### Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF (Series ID: S000078972)

| Class ID   | Class Name                   | Ticker Symbol   |
|:---|:---|:---|
| C000239791 | Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF | MEDX            |

### Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF (Series ID: S000078973)

| Class ID   | Class Name                       | Ticker Symbol   |
|:---|:---|:---|
| C000239792 | Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF | SPAQ            |

**Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF (MEDX)**

**Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF (SPAQ)**

Listed on The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

**PROSPECTUS**

**January 25, 2023, as supplemented March 2, 2023**

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") has not approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

------

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **HORIZON KINETICS MEDICAL ETF – FUND SUMMARY** | **[3](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_13)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_55) | [3](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_16) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_58) | [3](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_19) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PORTFOLIO TURNOVER](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_61) | [3](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_22) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_64) | [3](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_25) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_67) | [4](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_28) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PERFORMANCE](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_70) | [8](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_31) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_79) | [9](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_40) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_82) | [9](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_43) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[TAX INFORMATION](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_85) | [9](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_46) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY COMPENSATION](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_88) | [9](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_49) |
| **HORIZON KINETICS SPAC ACTIVE ETF - FUND SUMMARY** | **[10](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_52)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_55) | [10](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_55) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_58) | [10](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_58) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PORTFOLIO TURNOVER](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_61) | [10](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_61) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_64) | [10](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_64) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_67) | [11](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_67) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PERFORMANCE](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_70) | [13](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_70) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_79) | [13](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_79) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PURCHASE AND SALE OF SHARES](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_82) | [13](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_82) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[TAX INFORMATION](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_85) | [13](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_85) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY COMPENSATION](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_88) | [14](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_88) |
| **[ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_193)S** | **[15](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_193)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_196) | [15](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_196) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_199) | [15](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_199) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_202) | [16](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_202) |
| **[PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_205)** | **[24](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_205)** |
| **[MANAGEMENT](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_208)** | **[24](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_208)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[INVESTMENT ADVISER](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_211) | [24](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_211) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SUB-ADVISER TO THE SPAC ETF | [24](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_1380) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[PORTFOLIO MANAGERS](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_217) | [25](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_217) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS | [25](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_220) |
| **[HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_223)** | **[25](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_223)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[BOOK ENTRY](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_226) | [26](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_226) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF SHARES](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_229) | [26](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_229) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_232) | [26](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_232) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[FAIR VALUE PRICING](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_235) | [26](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_235) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;INVESTMENTS BY REGISTERED INVESTMENT COMPANIES | [26](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_1398) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DELIVERY OF SHAREHOLDER DOCUMENTS – HOUSEHOLDING | [27](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_1405) |
| **[DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_238)** | **[27](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_238)** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_241) | [27](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_241) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[TAXES](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_244) | [27](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_244) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[TAXES ON DISTRIBUTIONS](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_247) | [27](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_247) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[TAXES WHEN SHARES ARE SOLD ON THE EXCHANGE](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_250) | [28](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_250) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[TAXES ON PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF CREATION UNITS](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_253) | [28](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_253) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NET INVESTMENT INCOME TAX | [28](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_256) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;INVESTMENTS IN COMPLEX SECURITIES | [28](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_1387) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[FOREIGN INVESTMENTS BY A FUND](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_259) | [29](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_259) |
| **DISTRIBUTION PLAN** | **[29](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_265)** |
| **[PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_268)** | **[29](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_268)** |
| **[ADDITIONAL NOTICES](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_271)** | **[29](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_271)** |
| **[FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_274)** | **[29](#i77fca697ba364e84bdb2bec8ad991b65_274)** |

---

------

**HORIZON KINETICS MEDICAL ETF – FUND SUMMARY**

**Investment Objective** 

Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF ("Medical ETF" or the "Fund") seeks to provide long-term growth of capital.

**Fees and Expenses of the Fund** 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund ("Shares"). **You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.** 

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Shareholder Fees** *(fees paid directly from your investment)* |  |
| **Annual Fund Operating Expenses** *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* | **Annual Fund Operating Expenses** *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* |
| Management Fee | 0.85% |
| Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | 0.00% |
| Other Expenses | 0.00% |
| **Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses\*** | **0.85%** |

---

\* Restated to reflect the Fund's current unified management fee as if it had been in effect during the previous fiscal year.

**Example** 

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **1 Year:** | $87 | **3 Years:** | $271 |

---

**Portfolio Turnover** 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Predecessor Fund's (defined below) portfolio turnover rate was 1% of the average value of its portfolio.

**Principal Investment Strategies** 

The Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund ("ETF") that pursues its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in common stocks, convertible securities, warrants and other equity securities having the characteristics of common stocks (such as American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") and International Depositary Receipts ("IDRs")) of U.S. and foreign companies engaged in medical research, pharmaceutical and medical technology industries and related technology industries, generally, with an emphasis toward companies engaged in cancer research and drug development, such as pharmaceutical development companies, surgical and medical instrument manufacturers and developers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and biotech and medical research companies. These types of companies derive at least 50% of their revenue from such activities. The Fund also may invest in other ETFs and purchase and write options for hedging purposes and/or direct investment.

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in convertible and non-convertible debt securities rated below investment grade, also known as junk bonds, or unrated securities that Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC, the Fund's investment adviser (the "Adviser"), has determined to be of comparable quality.

The Adviser selects portfolio securities by evaluating a company's positioning and the resources that it currently expends on research and development, looking for a significant percentage, or large amount, of capital invested into research and treatment of cancer and other diseases. The Adviser also considers a company's fundamentals by reviewing its balance sheets, corporate revenues, earnings and dividends. The Adviser also considers at the amount of capital a company spends on research and development because the Adviser believes that such expenditures frequently have significant bearing on future growth. The Fund may invest in companies of any size, including small and medium-size companies. Additionally, the Fund may participate in securities lending arrangements up to 33 1/3% of the securities in its portfolio with brokers, dealers, and financial institutions (but not individuals) to seek to increase the return on its portfolio.

Decisions to sell the Fund's portfolio holdings are generally triggered by either adequate value being achieved, as determined by the Adviser, or an adverse change in a company's operating performance or a deterioration of the company's business model. A sell

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trigger also may occur if the Adviser discovers a new investment opportunity that it believes is more compelling and represents a greater risk reward profile than other investment(s) held by the Fund.

The Fund may maintain during a temporary period, which could be for a short period or a longer period lasting several years or more, of abnormal conditions, a significant portion of its total assets in cash and securities, generally considered to be cash and cash equivalents, including, but not limited to: high quality, U.S. short-term debt securities and money market instruments. The Adviser will invest in such short-term cash positions to the extent the Adviser is unable to find sufficient investments meeting its criteria and when the Adviser believes the purchase of additional equity securities would not further the investment objective of the Fund during such periods of time. Additionally, to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, which may persist for short or long periods of time, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in the types of high quality, U.S. short-term debt securities and money market instruments described above.

If the market advances during periods when the Fund is holding a large cash position, the Fund may not participate in the positive performance as much as it would have if it had been more fully invested in securities. In the aforementioned temporary defensive periods, the Adviser believes that an additional amount of liquidity in the Fund is desirable both to meet operating requirements and to take advantage of new investment opportunities. When the Fund holds a significant portion of assets in cash and cash equivalents, it may not meet its investment objective.

The Fund will concentrate its investments (*i.e.*, hold more than 25% of its total assets) in companies engaged in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries and related medical technology industries, generally, with an emphasis toward companies engaged in cancer research and drug development.

The Fund is classified as a "non-diversified" investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act").

**Principal Investment Risks** 

The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. The principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a "principal risk" of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund's net asset value ("NAV"), trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its investment objective. The following risks could affect the value of your investment in the Fund:

**• Associated Risks of Investing in the Medical Industry.** Medical and pharmaceutical-related companies in general are subject to the rate of change in technology, which is generally higher than that of other industries. Similarly, cancer research-related industries use many products and services of companies engaged in medical and pharmaceutical-related activities and are also subject to relatively high risks of rapid obsolescence caused by progressive scientific and technological advances. Additionally, it is possible that a medical device or product may fail after its research period; such research period may involve substantial research, testing and development time and the development company may incur significant costs. Further, the medical research and development industry is subject to strict regulatory scrutiny and ongoing legislative action.

**• Below Investment Grade Bonds Risk.** The Fund's investments in below investment grade bonds are subject to a greater risk of loss of income and principal than higher grade debt securities. The Fund's investments in below investment grade bonds also subject the Fund to greater levels of interest rate, credit and liquidity risk than funds that do not invest in such securities. Issuers of below investment grade bonds are often highly leveraged and are more vulnerable to changes in the economy. These securities are considered predominately speculative with respect to the issuer's continuing ability to make principal and interest payments.

**• Concentration Risk.** The Fund expects to concentrate (*i.e.*, invest more than 25% of its net assets) its investments in a limited number of issuers conducting business in the same industry or group of related industries. To the extent the Fund does so, the Fund is more vulnerable to adverse market, economic, regulatory, political or other developments affecting that industry or group of related industries than a fund that invests its assets more broadly. As a result of the Fund's concentration in companies in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries and related medical technology industries, the Fund is subject to the following industry risks:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ *Medical Research, Pharmaceutical and Technology Industries Risk.* Companies in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries, as traditionally defined, spend heavily on research and development, and their products or services may not prove commercially successful or may become obsolete quickly. These industries are subject to a significant amount of governmental regulation, and changes in governmental policies and the need for regulatory approvals may have a material adverse effect on these industries. This regulation requires significant investments in time and funds to maintain compliance. The process of obtaining government approvals can be long and costly, and the process is accompanied by significant uncertainty. Companies in which the Fund may invest in may not currently have any marketed or approved products and may never have marketed or approved products; companies may not be able to maintain legal and regulatory compliance, resulting in regulatory and/or legal enforcement actions; companies may not be able to maintain any regulatory approvals that they obtain for their products or their products may not be accepted by patients or providers. In addition, unanticipated problems

------

often arise in connection with the development and marketing of new products, and many such efforts are ultimately unsuccessful. Companies in these sectors may not be able to obtain adequate pricing and reimbursement levels for any marketed products, impeding their ability to generate a profit. Companies may also have difficulty manufacturing, marketing, and distributing their products, or may have regulatory authority-imposed restrictions on their ability to do so. Companies may further face product liability and other actions should their products be less safe or efficacious than believed, should they be deemed to have engaged in misleading practices, or should a person that received their product otherwise experience harm or injury. Moreover, companies in the pharmaceutical industries are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting and rebating. The profitability of some companies in these industries may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies, or other market developments. Pharmaceutical products are subject to government approvals, regulation, and reimbursement rates. Companies in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries are subject to risks of new technologies and competitive pressures and are heavily dependent on patents and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.

**• Convertible Securities Risk.** Convertible securities are subject to the risks affecting both equity and fixed income securities, including market, credit, liquidity and interest rate risk.

**• Currency Exchange Rate Risk.** The Fund may invest in investments denominated in non-U.S. currencies or in securities that provide exposure to such currencies. Changes in currency exchange rates and the relative value of non-U.S. currencies will affect the value of the Fund's investment and the value of your Shares. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning and you may lose money.

**• Cybersecurity Risk.** Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser, and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, or the Fund's other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants ("APs"), the Fund's primary listing exchange, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund's business operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Fund Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.

**• Depositary Receipt Risk.** Depositary receipts, including ADRs, GDRs, and IDRs, involve risks similar to those associated with investments in foreign securities, such as changes in political or economic conditions of other countries and changes in the exchange rates of foreign currencies. Depositary receipts listed on U.S. exchanges are issued by banks or trust companies, and entitle the holder to all dividends and capital gains that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares ("Underlying Shares"). When the Fund invests in depositary receipts as a substitute for an investment directly in the Underlying Shares, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the depositary receipts may not provide a return that corresponds precisely with that of the Underlying Shares. Because the Underlying Shares trade on foreign exchanges that may be closed when the Fund's primary listing exchange is open, the Fund may experience premiums and discounts greater than those of funds without exposure to such Underlying Shares.

**• Derivatives Risk.** Put and call options are referred to as "derivative" instruments since their values are based on, or derived from, an underlying reference asset, such as an index. Derivatives can be volatile, and a small investment in a derivative can have a large impact on the performance of the Fund as derivatives can result in losses in excess of the amount invested. The return on a derivative instrument may not correlate with the return of its underlying reference asset. Derivative instruments may be difficult to value and may be subject to wide swings in valuations caused by changes in the value of the underlying instrument. Other risks of investments in derivatives include risks that the transactions may result in losses that partially or completely offset gains in portfolio positions, risks associated with leverage, and risks that the derivative transaction may not be liquid.

**• Equity Market Risk.** The equity securities held in the Fund's portfolio may experience sudden, unpredictable drops in value or long periods of decline in value. This may occur because of factors that affect securities markets generally or factors affecting specific issuers, industries, sectors or companies in which the Fund invests. Common stocks are generally exposed to greater risk than other types of securities, such as preferred stocks and debt obligations, because common stockholders generally have inferior rights to receive payment from issuers.

**• ETF Risks.** The Fund is an ETF and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk.* The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting if either: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Costs of Buying or Selling Shares Risk.* Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk.* As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund's NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Because securities held by the Fund may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when the Fund's primary listing exchange is open, the Fund is likely to experience premiums or discounts greater than those of domestic ETFs.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Trading Risk.* Although Shares are listed for trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the "Exchange") and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund's underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Shares.

**• Fixed Income Risk.** Current market conditions and the actions of governmental authorities and regulators in response to COVID-19 and its far-reaching effects present heightened risks to the fixed income market generally. Such risks could be further heightened if such market conditions become more volatile or the governmental and regulatory actions are unexpectedly or suddenly reversed or are ineffective in achieving their desired outcomes. In addition, the current environment is exposing fixed-income and debt markets to significant volatility and reduced liquidity for Fund investments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Call Risk*. During periods of falling interest rates, an issuer of a callable bond held by the Fund may "call" or repay the security before its stated maturity, and the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund's income.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Credit Risk*. Debt issuers and other counterparties may not honor their obligations or may have their debt downgraded by ratings agencies.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Extension Risk*. During periods of rising interest rates, certain debt obligations will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated and the value of those securities may fall sharply, resulting in a decline in the Fund's income and potentially in the value of the Fund's investments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Interest Rate Risk*. An increase in interest rates may cause the value of fixed-income securities held by the Fund to decline. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the recent historically low rates and the effect of potential government fiscal policy initiatives and resulting market reaction to those initiatives.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ *Income Risk.* The Fund's income may decline if interest rates fall. This decline in income can occur because most of the debt instruments held by the Fund will have floating or variable interest rates.

**• Foreign Securities Risk.** Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to different accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers. Investments in non-U.S. securities also may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. With respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of government intervention and expropriation or nationalization of assets. Because legal systems differ, there also is the possibility that it will be difficult to obtain or enforce legal judgments in certain countries. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the Fund's portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund's shares. Conversely, Shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are closed. Each of these factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

**• Liquidity Risk.** Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell or buy a security or close out an investment contract at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash, or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund's performance. Infrequent trading of securities also may lead to an increase in their price volatility.

**• Management Risk.** The Fund is actively managed and its ability to achieve its investment objective is dependent on the Adviser's successful implementation of the Fund's investment strategies.

**• Market Risk.** The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund's NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods

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of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of these factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia's invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund performance.

**• Market Capitalization Risk.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk.* The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Small-Capitalization Investing Risk.* The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.

**• Non-Diversification Risk.** Because the Fund is "non-diversified," it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a lesser number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase the Fund's volatility and cause the performance of a relatively small number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund's performance.

**• Options Risk.** The prices of options may change rapidly over time and do not necessarily move in tandem with the price of the underlying securities. Selling call options reduces the Fund's ability to profit from increases in the value of the Fund's equity portfolio, and purchasing put options may result in the Fund's loss of premiums paid in the event that the put options expire unexercised. To the extent that the Fund reduces its put option holdings relative to the number of call options sold by the Fund, the Fund's ability to mitigate losses in the event of a market decline will be reduced. When the Fund sells an option, it gains the amount of the premium it receives, but also incurs a liability representing the value of the option it has sold until the option is either exercised and finishes "in the money," meaning it has value and can be sold, or the option expires worthless, or the expiration of the option is "rolled," or extended forward. The value of the options in which the Fund invests is based partly on the volatility used by market participants to price such options (*i.e.*, implied volatility). Accordingly, increases in the implied volatility of such options will cause the value of such options to increase (even if the prices of the options' underlying stocks do not change), which will result in a corresponding increase in the liabilities of the Fund under such options and thus decrease the Fund's NAV.

**• Other Investment Company Risk.** The risks of investment in other investment companies, including ETFs, typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the investment companies invest. By investing in another investment company, the Fund becomes a shareholder of that investment company and bears its proportionate share of the fees and expenses of the other investment company. Investments in ETFs are also subject to the "ETF Risks" described above.

**• Sector Risk.** To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors of the economy, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors. The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in the following sectors and, therefore, the performance of the Fund could be negatively impacted by events affecting each of these sectors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ *Manufacturing Sector.* Companies in the Manufacturing Sector can be significantly affected by supply and demand both for their specific product or service and for Manufacturing Sector products in general; a decline in demand for products due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction; government regulation, world events and economic conditions; and the risks associated with potential environmental damage and product liability claims.

**• Tax Risk.** The use of derivatives strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will determine for income tax purposes the amount, character and timing of recognition of the gains and losses the Fund realizes in connection therewith. The Fund expects to generate premiums from its sale of options. These premiums typically will result in short-term capital gains for federal income tax purposes. In addition, equity securities that are hedged with put options may not be eligible for long-term capital gains tax treatment.

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**• Temporary Defensive Position Risk.** If the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may invest all or a large portion of its assets in cash and/or cash equivalents. If the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may not achieve its investment objective.

**Performance** 

The following performance information indicates some of the risks of investing in the Fund. The Fund commenced operations after the assets of another investment company advised by the Adviser, the Kinetics Medical Fund (the "Predecessor Fund"), were transferred to the Fund in a tax-free reorganization as of the close of business on January 27, 2023. The Fund has the same investment objective and substantially similar investment strategies as those of the Predecessor Fund. The bar chart shows the Predecessor Fund's performance (represented by the performance of the Predecessor Fund's No Load Class of Shares) for calendar years ended December 31. The table shows the Predecessor Fund's average annual total returns (represented by the average annual total returns of the Predecessor Fund's No Load Class of Shares) for the 1-year, 5-year, 10-year and since inception periods compared with those of a broad measure of market performance. Performance for the Fund has not been adjusted to reflect the Fund's lower expense ratios. Had the Predecessor Fund been structured as an ETF, its performance may have differed. Performance for the Predecessor Fund is based on the NAV per share of the Predecessor Fund shares rather than on market-determined prices. The Predecessor Fund's past performance, before and after taxes, does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on the Fund's website at www.horizonkinetics.com.

**Calendar Years Total Returns**

![chart-36a1bd533b6b4654815.jpg](chart-36a1bd533b6b4654815.jpg)

During the period of time shown in the bar chart, the highest quarterly return was 20.54% for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, and the lowest quarterly return was -12.31% for the quarter ended March 31, 2016.

**Average Annual Total Returns**

**(for periods ended December 31, 2022)**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF** | **1-Year** | **5-Years** | **10-Years** | **Since Inception\*** |
| Return Before Taxes | 4.21% | 8.19% | 10.83% | 8.96% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions | 3.80% | 7.32% | 9.63% | 8.18% |
| Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Shares | 2.78% | 6.30% | 8.67% | 7.61% |
| **S&P 500 Index**<br>(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) | -18.11% | 9.42% | 12.56% | 6.83% |
| **NASDAQ Composite Index**<br>(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) | -33.10% | 8.68% | 13.24% | 5.92% |

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\* The Predecessor Fund commenced operations on September 30, 1999.

After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates during the period covered by the table above and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their shares through tax-deferred arrangements such as an individual retirement account ("IRA") or other tax-advantaged accounts.

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**Portfolio Management** 

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Adviser** | Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC |
| **Portfolio Managers** | B. Paul Abel, Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, and Peter B. Doyle, Managing Director of the Adviser, have been portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in January 2023 |

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**Purchase and Sale of Shares** 

The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as "Creation Units," which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.

Shares are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a broker or dealer at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the "bid" price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the "ask" price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. The difference in the bid and ask prices is referred to as the "bid-ask spread."

Recent information regarding the Fund's NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund's website at www.horizonkinetics.com.

**Tax Information** 

The Fund's distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an individual retirement account ("IRA") or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.

**Financial Intermediary Compensation** 

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an "Intermediary"), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary's website for more information.

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**HORIZON KINETICS SPAC ACTIVE ETF – FUND SUMMARY**<br>

**Investment Objective** 

Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF ("SPAC ETF" or the "Fund") seeks to generate realized capital gains in excess of short-term interest rates on a risk adjusted basis.

**Fees and Expenses of the Fund** 

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund ("Shares"). **You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and Example below.** 

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Shareholder Fees** *(fees paid directly from your investment)* |  |
| **Annual Fund Operating Expenses** *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* | **Annual Fund Operating Expenses** *(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)* |
| Management Fee | 0.85% |
| Distribution and/or Service (12b-1) Fees | 0.00% |
| Other Expenses | 0.00% |
| **Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses\*** | **0.85%** |

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\* Restated to reflect the Fund's current unified management fee as if it had been in effect during the previous fiscal year.

**Example** 

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund's operating expenses remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases and sales of Shares. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **1 Year:** | $87 | **3 Years:** | $271 |

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**Portfolio Turnover** 

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. Because the Fund is newly reorganized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The Fund is an actively-managed exchange-traded fund ("ETF") that pursues its investment objective primarily by investing, under normal circumstances, in special purpose acquisition companies ("SPACs") that Ryan Heritage, LLP, the Fund's investment sub-adviser (the "Sub-Adviser"), believes will generate net realized capital gains in excess of the income derived from bank certificates of deposit with similar maturities.

A SPAC (also known as a "blank check" company) is an investment vehicle with no commercial operations that is designed to raise capital via an initial public offering ("IPO") for the purpose of engaging in a merger, acquisition, reorganization, or similar business combination (a "Combination") with one or more operating companies to be identified subsequent to the SPAC's IPO. SPACs are often used as a vehicle to transition a company from private to publicly traded as an alternative to a more traditional direct IPO by a private company. Unless and until Combination is completed, a SPAC generally places a minimum of the total amount of cash raised in the IPO in a trust account that invests such cash in U.S. government securities or money market funds. A SPAC sponsor generally has 24 months (or less) to find an acquisition target, secure shareholder approval, and complete the Combination. Prior to consummation of a Combination, the SPAC's shares trade in the market at prices that may be below or above the per share value of the trust account. If a Combination is not consummated within the allowed time span, the SPAC is automatically liquidated and the cash value, after any applicable taxes, fees, and administrative expenses, of the SPAC trust is distributed to shareholders. If a Combination is proposed, shareholders can (1) continue to hold onto their shares (which then bear the risks associated with all equity securities) or (2) redeem their shares for the pro rata value of the cash value of the trust. The Sub-Adviser believes SPACs offer upside potential when sold after an attractive Combination announcement, coupled with one or more redemption options, such as when the Fund is permitted to exit a SPAC prior to the completion of a Combination without loss of the principal it invested in the SPAC, thus providing a true asymmetric risk/reward profile for investors. Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund's net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, will be invested in Pre-Combination SPACs, together with the warrants or rights issued in connection with the IPO of Pre-Combination SPACs. A warrant or right is a security that allows its holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock at a specified price for a specified time.

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The Fund may maintain during a temporary period, which could be for a short period or a longer period lasting several years or more, of abnormal conditions, a significant portion of its total assets in cash and securities, generally considered to be cash and cash equivalents, including, but not limited to, high quality, U.S. short-term debt securities and money market instruments. The Sub-Adviser will invest in such short-term cash positions to the extent the Sub-Adviser is unable to find sufficient investments meeting its criteria and when the Sub-Adviser believes the purchase of additional equity securities would not further the investment objective of the Fund during such periods of time. The criteria for temporarily investing in cash equivalents is a lack of current investments that the Sub-Adviser believes will generate net realized capital gains in excess of the income derived from bank certificates of deposit with similar maturities. Additionally, to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, which may persist for short or long periods of time, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in the types of high quality, U.S. short-term debt securities and money market instruments described above.

If the market advances during periods when the Fund is holding a large cash position, the Fund may not participate in the positive performance as much as it would have if it had been more fully invested in securities. In the aforementioned temporary defensive periods, the Sub-Adviser believes that an additional amount of liquidity in the Fund is desirable both to meet operating requirements and to take advantage of new investment opportunities. When the Fund holds a significant portion of assets in cash and cash equivalents, it may not meet its investment objective.

The Fund is classified as a "non-diversified" investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act").

**Principal Investment Risks**

The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. The principal risks are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a "principal risk" of investing in the Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears. As with any investment, there is a risk that you could lose all or a portion of your investment in the Fund. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect the Fund's net asset value ("NAV"), trading price, yield, total return and/or ability to meet its investment objective. The following risks could affect the value of your investment in the Fund:

**• Associated Risks of Pre-Combination SPACs.** "Pre-Combination" SPACs are SPACs that are either seeking a target for a Combination or have not yet completed a Combination with an identified target. Pre-Combination SPACs often have predetermined time frames to consummate a Combination (typically, two years) or the SPAC will liquidate. A Pre-Combination SPAC may extend the time to consummate a Combination. The Fund invests in equity securities including common stock, rights and warrants of SPACs, which raise cash to seek potential Combination opportunities. Unless and until a Combination is completed, substantially all of the cash raised by a SPAC is deposited in a trust account that generally invests its assets in U.S. government securities, money market securities, and cash. Because SPACs have no operating history or ongoing business other than seeking Combinations, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity's management to identify and complete a Combination that investors find attractive. There is no guarantee that the SPACs in which the Fund invests will complete a Combination or that any Combination that is completed will be attractive to investors. Some SPACs may pursue Combinations only within certain industries or regions, which may affect the volatility of their prices. A SPAC may restrict holders from redeeming more than a certain percentage of the outstanding public shares to discourage holders from accumulating large blocks of shares. While the terms of warrants issued by SPACs will vary, to the extent warrants are exercisable prior to a business combination, the holders of a SPAC's common stock may be subject to dilution which could reduce the holder's proportional ownership in the SPAC.

**• Cybersecurity Risk.** Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or the Fund's other service providers, market makers, Authorized Participants ("APs"), the Fund's primary listing exchange, or the issuers of securities in which the Fund invests have the ability to disrupt and negatively affect the Fund's business operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Fund Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders.

**• Equity Market Risk.** The trading prices of equity securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. The Fund's NAV and market price may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time.

**• ETF Risks.** The Fund is an ETF and, as a result of its structure, it is exposed to the following risks:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk.* The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting if either: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to

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perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Costs of Buying or Selling Shares Risk.* Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk.* As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund's NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. Because securities held by the Fund may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when the Fund's primary listing exchange is open, the Fund is likely to experience premiums or discounts greater than those of domestic ETFs.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Trading Risk.* Although Shares are listed for trading on The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC (the "Exchange") and may be traded on U.S. exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund's underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than the Shares.

**• Liquidity Risk.** Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that a Fund may not be able to sell or buy a security or close out an investment contract at a favorable price or time. Consequently, a Fund may have to accept a lesser price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash, or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on a Fund's performance. Infrequent trading of securities also may lead to an increase in their price volatility.

**• Management Risk.** The Fund is actively managed and its ability to achieve its investment objective is dependent on the Sub-Adviser's successful implementation of the Fund's investment strategies.

**• Market Capitalization Risk.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ *Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk.* The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Small-Capitalization Investing Risk.* The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large- or mid-capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large- or mid-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies.

• **Market Risk.** The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. The Fund's NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of these factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia's invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the Fund and its investments. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund performance.

• **New Strategy Risk.** The Fund may not be successful in implementing its new investment strategy, and its investment strategy may not be successful under all future market conditions, either of which could result in the Fund being liquidated at some future time without shareholder approval and/or at a time that may not be favorable for certain shareholders. New strategies may not attract sufficient assets to achieve investment, trading or other efficiencies.

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**• Non-Diversification Risk.** Because the Fund is "non-diversified," it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, the Fund may be more exposed to the risks associated with and developments affecting an individual issuer or a lesser number of issuers than a fund that invests more widely. This may increase the Fund's volatility and cause the performance of a relatively small number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund's performance.

**• Portfolio Turnover Risk.** Because the Fund may "turn over" some or all of its portfolio frequently, the Fund may incur high levels of transaction costs from commissions or mark-ups in the bid/offer spread. Higher portfolio turnover (*e.g.*, in excess of 100% per year) may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders.

**• Temporary Defensive Position Risk.** If the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may invest all or a large portion of its assets in cash and/or cash equivalents. If the Fund takes a temporary defensive position, it may not achieve its investment objective.

**• Warrants and Rights Risk.** The Fund may receive warrants or rights in connection with purchasing equity securities, specifically SPAC Units. Investments in warrants or rights are pure speculation in that they have no voting rights, pay no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. They do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy them. Warrants and rights also are complex financial instruments. Their prices do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of underlying securities and their accounting treatment and valuation is subject to special considerations making them more prone to errors than less complex financial instruments. For example, determining whether warrants should be treated as equity or an asset or liability of the SPAC entity depends not only on the specific terms of the warrant contract, but also on the SPAC entity's specific facts and circumstances. Warrants and rights are also subject to the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of the warrant if the warrant is not exercised or sold prior to its expiration. They also involve the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant or right added to the subscription price of the related security may be greater than the value of the subscribed security's market price. If the Fund holds warrants or rights associated with a SPAC that does not complete a business combination within the designated time period, the warrants or rights held by the Fund will expire and lose all value.

**Performance** 

The Fund is new and therefore does not have a performance history for a full calendar year. In the future, performance information for the Fund will be presented in this section. Updated performance information is available on the Fund's website at www.horizonkinetics.com.

**Portfolio Management** 

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Adviser** | Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC (the "Adviser") |
| **Sub-Adviser** | Ryan Heritage, LLP |
| **Portfolio Managers** | Philip Goldstein, Partner of the Sub-Adviser, Andrew Dakos, Partner of the Sub-Adviser, and Rajeev Das, Principal of the Sub-Adviser, have been the portfolio managers of the Fund since its inception in January, 2023 |

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**Purchase and Sale of Shares** 

The Fund issues and redeems Shares at NAV only in large blocks known as "Creation Units," which only APs (typically, broker-dealers) may purchase or redeem. The Fund generally issues and redeems Creation Units in exchange for a portfolio of securities and/or a designated amount of U.S. cash.

Shares are listed on the Exchange, and individual Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a broker or dealer at market prices, rather than NAV. Because Shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount).

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase Shares (the "bid" price) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for Shares (the "ask" price) when buying or selling Shares in the secondary market. The difference in the bid and ask prices is referred to as the "bid-ask spread."

Recent information regarding the Fund's NAV, market price, how often Shares traded on the Exchange at a premium or discount, and bid-ask spreads can be found on the Fund's website at www.horizonkinetics.com.

**Tax Information** 

The Fund's distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income, qualified dividend income, or capital gains (or a combination), unless your investment is in an individual retirement account ("IRA") or other tax-advantaged account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those accounts.

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**Financial Intermediary Compensation** 

If you purchase Shares through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank) (an "Intermediary"), the Adviser or its affiliates may pay Intermediaries for certain activities related to the Fund, including participation in activities that are designed to make Intermediaries more knowledgeable about exchange-traded products, including the Fund, or for other activities, such as marketing, educational training or other initiatives related to the sale or promotion of Shares. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the Intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Any such arrangements do not result in increased Fund expenses. Ask your salesperson or visit the Intermediary's website for more information.

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**ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUNDS**

**Investment Objective**

Each Fund's investment objective has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed by the Board of Trustees (the "Board") of Listed Funds Trust (the "Trust") without shareholder approval upon written notice to shareholders.

The Medical ETF will concentrate its investments (*i.e.*, hold more than 25% of its total assets) companies engaged in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries and related medical technology industries, generally, with an emphasis toward companies engaged in cancer research and drug development.

**Principal Investment Strategies**

The following information is in addition to, and should be read along with, the description of each Fund's principal investment strategies in each section titled "Fund Summary—Principal Investment Strategies" above.

Each Fund has adopted a policy to comply with Rule 35d-1 under the1940 Act. Each such policy has been adopted as a non-fundamental investment policy and may be changed without shareholder approval upon 60 days' written notice to shareholders.

**<u>The Medical ETF</u>**

The Medical ETF invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets plus any borrowings for investment purposes in common stocks, convertible securities, warrants, and other equity securities having the characteristics of common stocks (such as ADRs, GDRs, and IDRs) of U.S. and foreign companies engaged in medical research, pharmaceutical and medical technology industries, and related technology industries, generally, with an emphasis toward companies engaged in cancer research and drug development, such as pharmaceutical development companies, surgical and medical instrument manufacturers and developers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and biotech and medical research companies. These types of companies derive at least 50% of their revenue from such activities. The Fund also may invest in other ETFs and purchase and write options for hedging purposes and/or direct investment.

The Adviser believes that favorable investment opportunities are available through companies that are developing technology, products, and/or services for cancer research and treatment and related medical activities. Accordingly, the Medical ETF seeks to invest in the equity securities of companies whose research and development efforts may result in higher stock values. Securities will be selected by the Adviser from companies that are engaged in the medical industry generally, including, among others, companies engaged in cancer research and treatment, biopharmaceutical research and the development of medical instruments for therapeutic purposes. These companies may be large, medium or small in size if, in the Adviser's opinion, the companies meet the Medical ETF's investment criteria. Such companies include, but are not limited to, the following:

• *Pharmaceutical Development:* Companies that develop drugs and medications for the treatment and prevention of cancer and other disease.

• *Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturers and Developers:* Companies that produce, manufacture and develop the tools used by health care providers in the delivery of medical care and procedures for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.

• *Pharmaceutical Manufacturers:* Companies that primarily engage in the mass production of existing drugs and medicines including drugs and medicines for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.

• *Biotech & Medical Research:* Companies that primarily research and develop new methods and procedures in the provision of health care related services for the treatment of cancer and other diseases.

The Medical ETF may invest up to 20% of its assets in high quality, U.S. short-term debt securities and money market instruments to maintain liquidity. Some of these short-term instruments include commercial paper, certificates of deposit, demand and time deposits and banker's acceptances, U.S. government securities (*i.e.*, U.S. Treasury obligations) and repurchase agreements.

**<u>The SPAC ETF</u>**

The SPAC ETF invests, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund's net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, in Pre-Combination SPACs, together with the warrants or rights issued in connection with the IPO of Pre-Combination SPACs.

The SPAC ETF invests in units, stock, warrants, and other securities of special purpose acquisition companies or similar special purpose entities that pool funds to seek potential acquisition opportunities ("SPACs"). Unless and until a Combination meeting the SPAC's requirements is completed, a SPAC generally deposits substantially all of the cash raised in its IPO (less a specified amount to cover operating expenses) in a bank trust account which is generally invested in U.S. Government securities, money market securities and cash. If an acquisition that meets the requirements for the SPAC is not completed within a pre-established period of time, the invested funds are returned to the entity's shareholders. In addition, just prior to completion of an acquisition, shareholders of the SPAC can redeem their shares for a pro rata share of the value of the trust account. Because SPACs have no operating history or ongoing business other than seeking a Combination, the value of their securities can vary on the perceived likelihood of management to identify and complete an attractive acquisition. However, until a SPAC is liquidated or completes a Combination, its common stock

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is unlikely to fall substantially below the per share value of the trust account. Nonetheless, SPAC shares are subject to secondary market risk and may decline in value if sold prior to deal completion or trust liquidation. If a Combination is completed, the former SPAC's shares and other securities will take on the same risks as an equivalent investment in the acquired company. Some SPACs may pursue acquisitions only within certain industries or regions, which may affect the volatility of their prices.

**Temporary Defensive Positions**

To respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions, a Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents, or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements, money market fund shares, and other money market instruments. The Adviser or Sub-Adviser also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, a Fund may be unable to achieve its investment objective.

**Principal Investment Risks**

An investment in a Fund entails risks. A Fund could lose money, or its performance could trail that of other investment alternatives. The following provides additional information about each Fund's principal risks. It is important that investors closely review and understand these risks before making an investment in a Fund. Each risk applies to each Fund unless otherwise specified. Just as in each Fund's summary section, the principal risks below are presented in alphabetical order to facilitate finding particular risks and comparing them with those of other funds. Each risk summarized below is considered a "principal risk" of investing in a Fund, regardless of the order in which it appears.

**• Associated Risks of Investing in the Medical Industry** *(Medical ETF only)*.** Medical and pharmaceutical-related companies in general are subject to the rate of change in technology, which is generally higher than that of other industries. Similarly, cancer research-related industries use many products and services of companies engaged in medical and pharmaceutical-related activities and are also subject to relatively high risks of rapid obsolescence caused by progressive scientific and technological advances. Medical research and development also is subject to strict regulatory scrutiny and ongoing legislative action.

**• Associated Risks of Pre-Combination SPACs** *(SPAC ETF only)*.** The Fund invests in equity securities and rights and warrants of SPACs, which raise assets to seek potential Combination opportunities. Unless and until a Combination is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets in U.S. government securities, money market securities, and cash. If a Combination that meets the requirements for the SPAC is not completed within a pre-established period of time (*e.g.*, 18-24 months), the invested funds are returned to the entity's shareholders. A Pre-Combination SPAC may extend the time to consummate a Combination. Because SPACs have no operating history or ongoing business other than seeking Combinations, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity's management to identify and complete a profitable Combination. Public stockholders of SPACs may not be afforded a meaningful opportunity to vote on a proposed initial Combination because certain stockholders, including stockholders affiliated with the management of the SPAC, may have sufficient voting power, and a financial incentive, to approve such a transaction without support from public stockholders. As a result, a Pre-Combination SPAC may complete a Combination even though a majority of its public stockholders do not support such a Combination. There is no guarantee that the SPACs in which the Fund invests will complete a Combination or that any Combinations that are completed will be profitable. A SPAC may enter into a Combination with affiliates of its sponsor which could create a stronger incentive for the sponsor to approve the Combination. Some SPACs may pursue Combinations only within certain industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. A SPAC may restrict holders from redeeming more than a certain percentage of the outstanding public shares in order to discourage holders from accumulating large blocks of shares. Some SPACs may seek shareholder approval for a Combination and might have different redemption terms depending on whether the shareholder votes for, against, or abstains for the approval of the proposed Combination. In addition, these securities, which are typically traded in the over-the-counter market, may be considered illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale. SPACs may also encounter intense competition from other entities having a similar business objective, such as private investors or investment vehicles and other SPACs, competing for the same Combination opportunities, which could make completing an attractive Combination more difficult. While the terms of warrants issued by SPACs will vary, to the extent warrants are exercisable prior to a business combination, the holders of a SPAC's common stock may be subject to dilution which could reduce the holder's proportional ownership in the SPAC.

**• Below Investment Grade Bonds Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** Securities rated "BB+" or below by S&P or "Ba1" or below by Moody's are known as high yield securities and are commonly referred to as "junk bonds." Such securities entail greater price volatility and credit and interest rate risk than investment-grade securities. Analysis of the creditworthiness of high yield issuers is more complex than for higher-rated securities, making it more difficult for the Adviser to accurately predict risk. There is a greater risk with high yield fixed income securities that an issuer will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due. If the Fund pursues missed payments, there is a risk that Fund expenses could increase. In addition, lower-rated securities may not trade as often and may be less liquid than higher-rated securities, especially during periods of economic uncertainty or change. As a result of all of these factors, these securities are generally considered to be speculative.

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**• Concentration Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** Because the Fund's assets will be concentrated in an industry or group of industries, the Fund is subject to loss due to adverse occurrences that may affect that industry or group of industries. To the extent the Fund concentrates in the securities of issuers in a particular industry, the Fund may face more risks than if it were diversified more broadly over numerous industries. Such industry-based risks, any of which may adversely affect the Fund may include, but are not limited to, the following: general economic conditions or cyclical market patterns that could negatively affect supply and demand in a particular industry; competition for resources, adverse labor relations, political or world events; obsolescence of technologies; and increased competition or new product introductions that may affect the profitability or viability of companies in an industry. In addition, at times, an industry may be out of favor and underperform other industries or the market as a whole. As a result of the Fund's concentration in companies in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries and related medical technology industries, the Fund is subject to the following industry risks:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ *Medical Research, Pharmaceutical and Technology Industries Risk.* Companies in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries, as traditionally defined, spend heavily on research and development, and their products or services may not prove commercially successful or may become obsolete quickly. These industries are subject to a significant amount of governmental regulation, and changes in governmental policies and the need for regulatory approvals may have a material adverse effect on these industries. This regulation requires significant investments in time and funds to maintain compliance. The process of obtaining government approvals can be long and costly, and the process is accompanied by significant uncertainty. Companies in which the Fund may invest in may not currently have any marketed or approved products and may never have marketed or approved products; companies may not be able to maintain legal and regulatory compliance, resulting in regulatory and/or legal enforcement actions; companies may not be able to maintain any regulatory approvals that they obtain for their products or their products may not be accepted by patients or providers. In addition, unanticipated problems often arise in connection with the development and marketing of new products, and many such efforts are ultimately unsuccessful. Companies in these sectors may not be able to obtain adequate pricing and reimbursement levels for any marketed products, impeding their ability to generate a profit. Companies may also have difficulty manufacturing, marketing, and distributing their products, or may have regulatory authority-imposed restrictions on their ability to do so. Companies may further face product liability and other actions should their products be less safe or efficacious than believed, should they be deemed to have engaged in misleading practices, or should a person that received their product otherwise experience harm or injury. Moreover, companies in the pharmaceutical industries are subject to competitive forces that may make it difficult to raise prices and, in fact, may result in price discounting and rebating. The profitability of some companies in these industries may be dependent on a relatively limited number of products. In addition, their products can become obsolete due to industry innovation, changes in technologies, or other market developments. Pharmaceutical products are subject to government approvals, regulation, and reimbursement rates. Companies in the medical research, pharmaceutical and technology industries are subject to risks of new technologies and competitive pressures and are heavily dependent on patents and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies.

**• Convertible Securities Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** Convertible securities are subject to the risks affecting both equity and fixed income securities, including market, credit, liquidity and interest rate risk.

***•* Currency Exchange Rate Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** Changes in currency exchange rates and the relative value of non-U.S. currencies will affect the value of the Fund's investments and the value of your Shares. Because the Fund's NAV is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars, the U.S. dollar value of your investment in the Fund may go down if the value of the local currency of the non-U.S. markets in which the Fund invests depreciates against the U.S. dollar. This is true even if the local currency value of securities in the Fund's holdings goes up. Conversely, the dollar value of your investment in the Fund may go up if the value of the local currency appreciates against the U.S. dollar. The value of the U.S. dollar measured against other currencies is influenced by a variety of factors. These factors include: national debt levels and trade deficits, changes in balances of payments and trade, domestic and foreign interest and inflation rates, global or regional political, economic or financial events, monetary policies of governments, actual or potential government intervention, and global energy prices. Political instability, the possibility of government intervention and restrictive or opaque business and investment policies also may reduce the value of a country's currency. Government monetary policies and the buying or selling of currency by a country's government also may influence exchange rates. Currency exchange rates can be very volatile and can change quickly and unpredictably. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund may change quickly and without warning, and you may lose money.

• **Cybersecurity Risk.** With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet and the dependence on computer systems to perform business and operational functions, funds (such as a Fund) and their service providers may be prone to operational and information security risks resulting from cyber-attacks and/or technological malfunctions. In general, cyber-attacks are deliberate, but unintentional events may have similar effects. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing or corrupting data maintained online or digitally, preventing legitimate users from accessing information or services on a website, releasing confidential information without authorization, and causing operational disruption. Cybersecurity incidents may allow an unauthorized party to gain access to Fund assets or proprietary information, or cause a Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and/or other service providers (including custodians and financial intermediaries) to suffer data breaches or data corruption. Additionally, cybersecurity failures or breaches of the electronic systems of a Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser or a Fund's other service providers, market makers, APs, a Fund's primary listing or the issuers of securities in which such Fund invests have the ability to

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disrupt and negatively affect the Fund's business operations, including the ability to purchase and sell Fund Shares, potentially resulting in financial losses to the Fund and its shareholders. For instance, cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may interfere with the processing of shareholder or other transactions, affect a Fund's ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, cause reputational damage, and subject a Fund to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and additional compliance costs. Cyber-attacks or technical malfunctions may render records of Fund assets and transactions, shareholder ownership of Fund Shares, and other data integral to the functioning of a Fund inaccessible or inaccurate or incomplete. A Fund also may incur substantial costs for cybersecurity risk management to prevent cyber incidents in the future. A Fund and its respective shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

***•* Depositary Receipt Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** The Fund may hold the securities of non-U.S. companies in the form of depository receipts, including ADRs, GDRs, and IDRs. ADRs are negotiable certificates issued by a U.S. financial institution that represent a specified number of shares in a foreign stock and trade on a U.S. national securities exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). Sponsored ADRs are issued with the support of the issuer of the foreign stock underlying the ADRs and carry all of the rights of common shares, including voting rights. GDRs are similar to ADRs, but may be issued in bearer form and are typically offered for sale globally and held by a foreign branch of an international bank. IDRs are a negotiable certificate issued by a bank. It represents ownership of a number of shares of stock in a foreign company that the bank holds in trust. The underlying issuers of certain depositary receipts, particularly unsponsored or unregistered depositary receipts, are under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the deposited securities. Issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not contractually obligated to disclose material information in the U.S. and, therefore, such information may not correlate to the market value of the unsponsored depositary receipt. The Underlying Shares in the Fund's portfolio are usually denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. As a result, changes in foreign currency exchange rates may affect the value of the Fund's portfolio. In addition, because the Underlying Shares trade on foreign exchanges at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading, the value of the Underlying Shares may change materially at times when the U.S. markets are not open for trading, regardless of whether there is an active U.S. market for Shares.

***•* Derivatives Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** The Fund may invest in derivatives, including in particular options contracts, to pursue its investment objective. The use of derivatives may expose the Fund to risks in addition to and greater than those associated with investing directly in the instruments underlying those derivatives, including risks relating to leverage, correlation (imperfect correlations with underlying instruments or the Fund's other portfolio holdings), high price volatility, lack of availability, counterparty credit, liquidity, valuation and legal restrictions. The use of derivatives also may expose the Fund to the performance of securities that the Fund does not own. To the extent the Fund engages in derivatives in an attempt to hedge certain exposures or risks, there can be no assurance that the Fund's hedging investments or transactions will be effective. In addition, hedging investments or transactions involve costs and may reduce gains or result in losses, which may adversely affect the Fund. The skills necessary to successfully execute derivatives strategies may be different from those for more traditional portfolio management techniques, and if the Adviser is incorrect about its expectations of market conditions, the use of derivatives also could result in a loss, which in some cases may be unlimited. Use of derivatives also may cause the Fund to be subject to additional regulations, which may generate additional Fund expenses. These practices also entail transactional expenses and may cause the Fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gains than if the Fund had not engaged in such transactions. Certain of the derivatives in which the Fund invests may trade (and privately negotiated) in the OTC market. OTC derivatives are complex and often valued subjectively, which exposes the Fund to heightened liquidity, mispricing and valuation risks. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to the Fund. In addition, OTC derivative instruments are often highly customized and tailored to meet the needs of the Fund and its trading counterparties. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price. As a result and similar to other privately negotiated contracts, the Fund is subject to counterparty credit risk with respect to such derivative contracts. Certain derivatives are subject to mandatory exchange trading and/or clearing, which exposes the Fund to the credit risk of the clearing broker or clearinghouse. While exchange trading and central clearing are intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and to increase liquidity, they do not make derivatives transactions risk-free.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ *Options Risk.* Selling (writing) and buying options are speculative activities and entail greater than ordinary investment risks. A Fund's use of put options can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying asset, which may be magnified by certain features of the options. When selling a put option, a Fund will receive a premium; however, this premium may not be enough to offset a loss incurred by such Fund if the price of the underlying asset is below the strike price by an amount equal to or greater than the premium. Purchasing of put options involves the payment of premiums, which may adversely affect a Fund's performance. Purchasing a put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a specified quantity of an underlying asset at a fixed exercise price over a defined period of time. Purchased put options may expire worthless resulting in a Fund's loss of the premium it paid for the option.

The value of an option may be adversely affected if the market for the option becomes less liquid or smaller, and will be affected by changes in the value or yield of the option's underlying asset, an increase in interest rates, a change in the actual

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or perceived volatility of the stock market or the underlying asset and the remaining time to expiration. Additionally, the value of an option does not increase or decrease at the same rate as the underlying asset. A Fund's use of options may reduce such Fund's ability to profit from increases in the value of the underlying asset. If the price of the underlying asset of an option is above the strike price of a written put option, the value of the option, and consequently of a Fund, may decline significantly more than if such Fund invested directly in the underlying asset instead of using options. When the Fund sells an option, it gains the amount of the premium it receives, but also incurs a liability representing the value of the option it has sold until the option is either exercised and finishes "in the money," meaning it has value and can be sold, or the option expires worthless, or the expiration of the option is "rolled," or extended forward. The value of the options in which the Fund invests is based partly on the volatility used by market participants to price such options (*i.e.*, implied volatility). Accordingly, increases in the implied volatility of such options will cause the value of such options to increase (even if the prices of the options' underlying stocks do not change), which will result in a corresponding increase in the liabilities of the Fund under such options and thus decrease the Fund's NAV.

The Fund is subject to the risk that a change in U.S. law and related regulations will affect the way the Fund operates, increase the particular costs of the Fund's operation and/or change the competitive landscape. The SEC recently adopted and implemented a new rule governing a fund's use of derivatives. The new rule, among other things, generally requires a fund to adopt a derivatives risk management program, appoint a derivatives risk manager to oversee the program and comply with an outer limit on fund leverage risk based on value at risk, or "VaR." The new rule has significantly changed the regulatory framework applicable to the Fund's use of derivatives, including by replacing the prior asset segregation regulatory framework in its entirety. Complying with the new rule may adversely affect the Fund's performance and may increase costs related to the Fund's use of derivatives.

***•* Equity Market Risk.** Common stocks are susceptible to general stock market fluctuations and to volatile increases and decreases in value as market confidence in and perceptions of their issuers change. These investor perceptions are based on various and unpredictable factors including: expectations regarding government, economic, monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and interest rates; economic expansion or contraction; and global or regional political, economic and banking crises. If you held common stock, or common stock equivalents, of any given issuer, you would generally be exposed to greater risk than if you held preferred stocks and debt obligations of the issuer because common stockholders, or holders of equivalent interests, generally have inferior rights to receive payments from issuers in comparison with the rights of preferred stockholders, bondholders, and other creditors of such issuers.

The respiratory illness COVID-19 has spread globally for over two years, resulting in a global pandemic and major disruption to economies and markets around the world, including the United States. During this time, financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and severe losses, and trading in many instruments has been disrupted or suspended. Liquidity for many instruments has been greatly reduced for periods of time. Some sectors of the economy and individual issuers have experienced particularly large losses. Governments and central banks, including the Federal Reserve in the U.S., have taken extraordinary and unprecedented actions to support local and global economies and the financial markets. The impact of these measures, and whether they will be effective to mitigate the economic and market disruption, will not be known for some time. However, the rapid COVID-19 vaccination rollout in the United States and certain other developed countries, coupled with the passage of stimulus programs in the U.S. and abroad, have resulted in the re-opening of businesses, a reduction in quarantine and masking requirements, increased consumer demand, and the resumption of in-person schooling, travel and events. As a result, many global economies, including the U.S. economy, have either re-opened fully or decreased significantly the number of public safety measures in place that are designed to mitigate virus transmission. Despite these positive trends, the prevalence of new COVID-19 variants, a failure to achieve herd immunity, or other unforeseen circumstances may result in the continued spread of the virus throughout unvaccinated populations or a resurgence in infections among vaccinated individuals. As a result, it remains unclear if recent positive trends will continue in developed markets and whether such trends will spread world-wide to countries with limited access to effective vaccines that are still experiencing rising COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths.

• **ETF Risks.** Each Fund is an ETF, and, as a result of the structure, is exposed to the following risks:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Concentration Risk.* A Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as APs. In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting if either: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Costs of Buying or Selling Shares Risk.* Investors buying or selling Shares in the secondary market will pay brokerage commissions or other charges imposed by brokers, as determined by that broker. Brokerage commissions are often a fixed amount and may be a significant proportional cost for investors seeking to buy or sell relatively small amounts of Shares. In addition, secondary market investors also will incur the cost of the difference between the price at which an investor is willing to buy Shares (the "bid" price) and the price at which an investor is willing to sell Shares (the "ask" price). This difference in bid and ask prices is often referred to as the "spread" or "bid/ask spread." The bid/ask spread varies over time for Shares based on trading volume and market liquidity, and is generally lower if Shares have more trading volume and

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market liquidity and higher if Shares have little trading volume and market liquidity. Further, a relatively small investor base in a Fund, asset swings in a Fund and/or increased market volatility may cause increased bid/ask spreads. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ *Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV Risk.* As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate a Fund's NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility or periods of steep market declines and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. The market price of Shares during the trading day, like the price of any exchange-traded security, includes a "bid/ask" spread charged by the exchange specialist, market makers or other participants that trade Shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid/ask spread can increase significantly. At those times, Shares are most likely to be traded at a discount to NAV, and the discount is likely to be greatest when the price of Shares is falling fastest, which may be the time that you most want to sell your Shares. The Adviser believes that, under normal market conditions, large market price discounts or premiums to NAV will not be sustained because of arbitrage opportunities. Because securities held by a Fund may trade on foreign exchanges that are closed when such Fund's primary listing exchange is open, such Fund is likely to experience premiums or discounts greater than those of domestic ETFs.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Trading Risk.* Although Shares are listed for trading on the Exchange and may be listed or traded on U.S. and non-U.S. stock exchanges other than the Exchange, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such Shares will develop or be maintained. Trading in Shares may be halted due to market conditions or for reasons that, in the view of the Exchange, make trading in Shares inadvisable. In addition, trading in Shares on the Exchange is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to Exchange "circuit breaker" rules, which temporarily halt trading on the Exchange when a decline in the S&P 500<sup>®</sup> Index during a single day reaches certain thresholds (*e.g.*, 7%, 13%, and 20%). Additional rules applicable to the Exchange may halt trading in Shares when extraordinary volatility causes sudden, significant swings in the market price of Shares. There can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of a Fund's underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Shares.

***•* Fixed Income Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** Current market conditions and the actions of governmental authorities and regulators in response to COVID-19 and its far-reaching effects present heightened risks to the fixed income market generally. Such risks could be further heightened if such market conditions become more volatile or the governmental and regulatory actions are unexpectedly or suddenly reversed or are ineffective in achieving their desired outcomes. In addition, the current environment is exposing fixed-income and debt markets to significant volatility and reduced liquidity for Fund investments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Call Risk*. During periods of falling interest rates, an issuer of a callable bond held by the Fund may "call" or repay the security before its stated maturity, and the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the Fund's income.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Credit Risk*. Debt issuers and other counterparties may not honor their obligations or may have their debt downgraded by ratings agencies. This risk may be especially acute with respect to high yield securities, whose issuers are particularly susceptible to failure to meet repayment obligations principal under current conditions. An issuer may suffer adverse changes in its financial condition or be adversely affected by economic, political or social conditions that could lower the credit quality (or the market's perception of the credit quality) of a security, leading to greater volatility in the price of the security and the value of the Fund. A change in the credit quality rating of a security can affect its liquidity and make it more difficult for the Fund to sell. Although credit quality may not accurately reflect the true credit risk of a security, a change in the credit quality rating of a security or an issuer can have a rapid, adverse effect on the instrument's liquidity and make it more difficult for the Fund to sell at an advantageous price or time. The risk of the occurrence of these types of events is especially heightened under current conditions. Any applicable limitation on the credit quality of a security in which the Fund may invest is applied at the time such Fund purchases the security.

Credit quality is a measure of the issuer's expected ability to make all required interest and principal payments in a timely manner. An issuer with the highest credit rating has a very strong capacity with respect to making all payments. An issuer with the second highest credit rating has a strong capacity to make all payments, but the degree of safety is somewhat less. An issuer with the lowest credit quality rating may be in default or have extremely poor prospects of making timely payment of interest and principal. Investment grade securities are fixed-income securities that have been determined by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization to have a medium to high probability of being paid (although there is always a risk of default), or which, if unrated, have been determined by the Adviser or Sub-Adviser to be of comparable quality. If nationally recognized statistical rating organizations assign different ratings to the same security, the Fund will use the higher rating for purposes of determining the security's credit quality.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*◦ Extension Risk*. During periods of rising interest rates, certain debt obligations will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated and the value of those securities may fall sharply, resulting in a decline in the Fund's income and potentially in the value of the Fund's investments. During periods when credit spreads are increasing, certain CLO debt tranches may be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated and the value of those securities may fall sharply, resulting in a decline in the Fund's income and potentially in the value of the Fund's investments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ *Interest Rate Risk*. An increase in interest rates may cause the value of fixed-income securities held by the Fund to decline. The Fund may be subject to a greater risk of rising interest rates due to the recent historically low rates and the effect of potential government fiscal policy initiatives and resulting market reaction to those initiatives. Longer term fixed income instruments and zero coupon bonds are generally more sensitive to interest rate changes than shorter-term fixed income instruments. Generally, the longer the average maturity of the fixed income investments in the Fund, the more such Fund's share price will fluctuate in response to interest rate changes. If an issuer calls or redeems an investment during a time of declining interest rates, the Fund might have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield, and therefore might not benefit from any increase in value as a result of declining interest rates. Securities with floating interest rates, such as syndicated bank loans, generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes, but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much or as fast as interest rates in general. Changes in government or central bank policy, including changes in tax policy or changes in a central bank's implementation of specific policy goals, may have a substantial impact on interest rates, and could have an adverse effect on prices for fixed income securities and on the performance of the Fund. In particular, interest rates in the U.S. are at or near historically low levels and as a result, fixed income securities markets may experience heightened levels of interest rate risk. Any unexpected or sudden reversal of the fiscal policy underlying current interest rate levels could adversely affect the value of the Fund. There can be no guarantee that any particular government or central bank policy will be continued, discontinued or changed, nor that any such policy will have the desired effect on interest rates.

There is a risk that interest rates across the financial system may change, sometimes unpredictably, in response to a variety of factors, such as central bank monetary policies, inflation rates and general economic conditions. Very low or negative interest rates may magnify the Fund's susceptibility to interest rate risk and diminish yield and performance (*e.g.*, during periods of very low or negative interest rates, the Fund may be unable to maintain positive returns). Changes in fixed-income or related market conditions, including the potential for changes to interest rates and negative interest rates, may expose fixed-income or related markets to heightened volatility and reduced liquidity for Fund investments, which may be difficult to sell at favorable times or prices, causing the value of the Fund's investments and NAV per share to decline. A rise in general interest rates also may result in increased redemptions from the Fund. Very low, negative or changing interest rates also may have unpredictable effects on securities markets in general, directly or indirectly affecting the Fund's investments, yield and performance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ *Income Risk.* The Fund's income may decline if interest rates fall. This decline in income can occur because most of the debt instruments held by the Fund will have floating or variable interest rates.

**• Foreign Securities Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** Investments in non-U.S. securities involve certain risks that may not be present with investments in U.S. securities. For example, investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to risk of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations or to political or economic instability. There may be less information publicly available about a non-U.S. issuer than a U.S. issuer. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to different accounting, auditing, financial reporting and investor protection standards than U.S. issuers. Investments in non-U.S. securities may be subject to withholding or other taxes and may be subject to additional trading, settlement, custodial, and operational risks. With respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of government intervention and expropriation or nationalization of assets. Because legal systems differ, there is also the possibility that it will be difficult to obtain or enforce legal judgments in certain countries. Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the Fund's portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund's shares. Conversely, Shares may trade on days when foreign exchanges are close. Each of these factors can make investments in the Fund more volatile and potentially less liquid than other types of investments.

**• Liquidity Risk.** Liquidity risk refers to the possibility that a Fund may not be able to sell or buy a security or close out an investment contract at a favorable price or time. Consequently, a Fund may have to accept a lesser price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash, or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on a Fund's performance. Infrequent trading of securities also may lead to an increase in their price volatility.

In addition, during periods of reduced market liquidity or in the absence of readily available market quotations for particular investments in a Fund's portfolio, the ability of a Fund to assign an accurate daily value to these investments may be difficult and the Adviser or Sub-Adviser may be required to fair value the investments. Fair value determinations are inherently subjective and reflect good faith judgments based on available information. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the determination of a security's fair value in accordance with a Fund's valuation procedures will in fact approximate the price at which such Fund could sell that security at that time (*i.e.*, the sale price could differ, sometimes significantly, from the Fund's last valuation for the security). Investors who purchase or redeem shares of a Fund on days when such Fund is holding fair valued securities may receive fewer or more shares or lower or higher redemption proceeds than they would have received if the Fund had not fair

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valued the securities or had used a different valuation methodology. These risks may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment and if a Fund holds a significant percentage of fair valued or otherwise difficult to value securities, such Fund may be particularly susceptible to the risks associated with valuation.

Liquidity risk also refers to the risk of unusually high redemption requests, redemption requests by certain large shareholders such as institutional investors or asset allocators, or other unusual market conditions that may make it difficult for a Fund to sell investments within the allowable time period to meet redemptions. Meeting such redemption requests could require a Fund to sell securities at reduced prices or under unfavorable conditions or access additional means of liquidity, which would reduce the value of such Fund. This risk is especially acute under current market conditions.

**• Management Risk.** Each Fund is actively managed and may not meet its investment objective based on the Adviser's or Sub-Adviser's success or failure to implement investment strategies for the Fund. The Adviser's or Sub-Adviser's evaluations and assumptions regarding issuers, securities, and other factors may not successfully achieve a Fund's investment objective given actual market conditions.

***•* Market Capitalization Risk.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**◦** *Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk.* The securities of mid-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of large-capitalization companies. The securities of mid-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than large-capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. Some mid-capitalization companies have limited product lines, markets, financial resources, and management personnel and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets relative to large-capitalization companies.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;***◦*** *Small-Capitalization Investing Risk*. The securities of small-capitalization companies may be more vulnerable to adverse issuer, market, political, or economic developments than securities of larger capitalization companies. The securities of small-capitalization companies generally trade in lower volumes and are subject to greater and more unpredictable price changes than larger capitalization stocks or the stock market as a whole. Some small-capitalization companies have limited product lines, markets, and financial and managerial resources and tend to concentrate on fewer geographical markets relative to larger capitalization companies. There is typically less publicly available information concerning smaller-capitalization companies than for larger, more established companies. Small-capitalization companies also may be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates, government regulation, borrowing costs and earnings.

• **Market Risk.** The trading prices of securities and other instruments fluctuate in response to a variety of factors. These factors include events impacting the entire market or specific market segments, such as political, market and economic developments, as well as events that impact specific issuers. A Fund's NAV and market price, like security and commodity prices generally, may fluctuate significantly in response to these and other factors. As a result, an investor could lose money over short or long periods of time. U.S. and international markets have experienced significant periods of volatility in recent years due to a number of economic, political and global macro factors, including public health issues, growth concerns in the U.S. and overseas, uncertainties regarding interest rates, trade tensions and the threat of tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other countries. In addition, local, regional or global events such as war, including Russia's invasion of Ukraine, acts of terrorism, spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues, recessions, rising inflation, or other events could have a significant negative impact on the performance of the Fund and its investments. These developments as well as other events could result in further market volatility and negatively affect financial asset prices, the liquidity of certain securities and the normal operations of securities exchanges and other markets, which could have an adverse effect on a Fund.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted economies and markets around the world, including the United States. The pandemic has resulted in a wide range of social and economic disruptions, including closed borders, voluntary or compelled quarantines of large populations, stressed healthcare systems, reduced or prohibited domestic or international travel, supply chain disruptions, and so-called "stay-at-home" orders throughout much of the United States and many other countries. Financial markets have experienced extreme volatility and severe losses, and trading in many instruments has been disrupted. Some sectors of the economy and individual issuers have experienced particularly large losses. Such disruptions may continue for an extended period of time or reoccur in the future to a similar or greater extent. Liquidity for many instruments has been greatly reduced for periods of time. In response to these disruptions, the U.S. government and the Federal Reserve have taken extraordinary actions to support the domestic economy and financial markets. It is unknown how long circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, whether efforts to support the economy and financial markets will be successful, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect Fund performance.

• **New Strategy Risk** *(SPAC ETF only*)**.** The Fund may not be successful in implementing its new investment strategy, and its investment strategy may not be successful under all future market conditions, either of which could result in the Fund being liquidated at some future time without shareholder approval and/or at a time that may not be favorable for certain shareholders. New strategies may not attract sufficient assets to achieve investment, trading or other efficiencies.

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**• Non-Diversification Risk.** Because a Fund is "non-diversified," it may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers than if it was a diversified fund. As a result, a decline in the value of an investment in a single issuer or a lesser number of issuers could cause a Fund's overall value to decline to a greater degree than if such Fund held a more diversified portfolio. This may increase a Fund's volatility and have a greater impact on such Fund's performance.

**• Other Investment Companies Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** A Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies, such as ETFs. The risks of investment in these securities typically reflect the risks of the types of instruments in which the investment company invests. When a Fund invests in investment company securities, shareholders of such Fund bear indirectly their proportionate share of their fees and expenses, as well as their share of such Fund's fees and expenses. As a result, an investment by a Fund in an investment company could cause such Fund's operating expenses (taking into account indirect expenses such as the fees and expenses of the investment company) to be higher and, in turn, performance to be lower than if it were to invest directly in the instruments underlying the investment company. Investments in ETFs are also subject to the "ETF Risks" described above.

***•* Portfolio Turnover Risk** *(SPAC ETF only*)**.** Because the Fund may "turn over" some or all of its options as frequently as monthly, the Fund may incur high levels of transaction costs from commissions or mark-ups in the bid/offer spread. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders. Portfolio turnover risk may cause the Fund's performance to be less than you expect. While the turnover of the warrants is not deemed "portfolio turnover" for accounting purposes, the economic impact to the Fund is similar to what could occur if the Fund experienced high portfolio turnover (*e.g.*, in excess of 100% per year).

***•* Sector Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** A Fund's investing approach may result in an emphasis on certain sectors or sub-sectors of the market at any given time. To the extent a Fund invests more heavily in one sector or sub-sector of the market, it thereby presents a more concentrated risk and its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors or sub-sectors. In addition, the value of Shares may change at different rates compared to the value of shares of a fund with investments in a more diversified mix of sectors and industries. An individual sector or sub-sector of the market may have above-average performance during particular periods, but may also move up and down more than the broader market. The several industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events. A Fund's performance could also be affected if the sectors or sub-sectors do not perform as expected. Alternatively, the lack of exposure to one or more sectors or sub-sectors may adversely affect performance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;***◦*** *Manufacturing Sector.* Companies in the Manufacturing Sector can be significantly affected by supply and demand both for their specific product or service and for Manufacturing Sector products in general; a decline in demand for products due to rapid technological developments and frequent new product introduction; government regulation, world events and economic conditions; and the risks associated with potential environmental damage and product liability claims.

**• Tax Risk** *(Medical ETF only)*.** The writing of call options by a Fund may significantly reduce or eliminate its ability to make distributions eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. Covered call options may also be subject to the federal tax rules applicable to straddles under the Code. If positions held by a Fund were treated as "straddles" for federal income tax purposes, or a Fund's risk of loss with respect to a position was otherwise diminished as set forth in Treasury regulations, dividends on stocks that are a part of such positions would not constitute qualified dividend income subject to such favorable income tax treatment in the hands of non-corporate shareholders or eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders. In addition, generally, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the amount, character and timing of a Fund's recognition of gains and losses with respect to straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that: (1) any loss realized on disposition of one position of a straddle may not be recognized to the extent that a Fund has unrealized gains with respect to the other position in such straddle; (2) a Fund's holding period in straddle positions be suspended while the straddle exists (possibly resulting in a gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than long-term capital gain); (3) the losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions that are part of a mixed straddle and that are not subject to Section 1256 of the Internal Revenue Code be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital loss; (4) losses recognized with respect to certain straddle positions that would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses be treated as long-term capital losses; and (5) the deduction of interest and carrying charges attributable to certain straddle positions may be deferred.

***•* Warrants and Rights Risk** *(SPAC ETF only*). The Fund may receive warrants or rights in connection with purchasing equity securities, specifically SPAC Units. Investments in warrants or rights are pure speculation in that they have no voting rights, pay no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. They do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy them. The prices of warrants or rights do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of underlying securities. Warrants or rights involve the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of the warrant if the warrant is not exercised or sold prior to its expiration. They also involve the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant or right added to the subscription price of the related security may be greater than the value of the subscribed security's market price. If the Fund holds warrants or rights associated with a SPAC that does not complete a business combination within the designated time period, the warrants or rights held by the Fund will expire and lose all value.

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**PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION**

Information about each Fund's daily portfolio holdings is available at www.horizonkinetics.com. A complete description of the Funds' policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds' portfolio holdings is available in the Funds' Statement of Additional Information (the "SAI").

**MANAGEMENT**

**Investment Adviser**

Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC, located at 470 Park Avenue South, 3rd Floor South, New York, New York 10016, serves as the investment adviser for the Funds. The Adviser is subject to the oversight of the Board, provides an investment management program for each Fund, and manages the day-to-day investment of the Medical ETF's assets. The Adviser also arranges for transfer agency, custody, fund administration, distribution and all other services necessary for the Funds to operate. The Adviser is an SEC-registered investment adviser that offers a broad range of portfolio management, portfolio advisory and other business activities.

The Adviser continuously reviews, supervises, and administers each Fund's investment program. In particular, the Adviser provides investment and operational oversight of the Sub-Adviser for the SPAC ETF. The Board supervises the Adviser and establishes policies that the Adviser must follow in its day-to-day management activities.

For the services it provides to the Funds, the Adviser is entitled to a unified management fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate based on each Fund's average daily net assets as set forth in the table below.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Fund** | **Management Fee** |
| Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF  | 0.85% |
| Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF | 0.85% |

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Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement between the Trust, on behalf of each Fund, and the Adviser (the "Advisory Agreement"), the Adviser has agreed to pay all expenses of the Funds except the fee paid to the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement, interest charges on any borrowings, dividends, and other expenses on securities sold short, taxes, brokerage commissions and other expenses incurred in placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities and other investment instruments, acquired fund fees and expenses, accrued deferred tax liability, extraordinary expenses, and distribution (12b-1) fees and expenses (if any). The Adviser, in turn, compensates the Sub-Adviser from the management fee it receives.

The basis for the Board of Trustees' approval of the Advisory Agreement for each Fund will be available in the Funds' first Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders.

**Manager of Managers Structure**

The Fund and the Adviser intend to apply for exemptive relief from the SEC permitting the Adviser (subject to certain conditions and the approval of the Board to change or select new sub-advisers without obtaining shareholder approval. The relief would also permit the Adviser to materially amend the terms of agreements with a sub-adviser (including an increase in the fee paid by the Adviser to the sub-adviser (and not paid by the Fund)) or to continue the employment of a sub-adviser after an event that would otherwise cause the automatic termination of services with Board approval, but without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified of any sub-adviser changes. Unless and until such exemptive relief is granted and the Fund's reliance on such relief is approved by Fund shareholders, shareholder approval will be required for changes in a sub-adviser agreement or for the addition of a new sub-adviser.

**Sub-Adviser to the SPAC ETF**

Ryan Heritage, LLP, a Delaware limited liability partnership located at Park 80 West - Plaza Two, 250 Pehle Avenue, Suite 708, Saddle Brook, New Jersey 07663, is responsible for the day-to-day management of the SPAC ETF. An SEC-registered investment adviser formed in 2021, the Sub-Adviser is majority owned by Andrew Dakos and Phillip Goldstein.

The Sub-Adviser is responsible for trading portfolio securities for the SPAC ETF, including selecting broker-dealers to execute purchase and sale transactions, subject to the supervision of the Adviser and the Board. For its services, the Sub-Adviser is entitled to a fee paid by the Adviser, which fee is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 0.425% based on the average daily net assets of the SPAC ETF.

The basis for the Board of Trustees' approval of the Sub-Advisory Agreement for the SPAC ETF will be available in the Funds' first Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders.

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**Portfolio Managers**

The individuals identified below are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund's portfolio.

*Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF* 

B. Paul Abel is Senior Portfolio Manager of the Adviser. He is responsible for research and analysis of developing scientific technologies and innovations in the medical and bio-pharmaceutical industries. Prior to joining the firm in 1999, Mr. Abel was with Brookhaven National Laboratory from 1989 to 1999, where he researched, developed and implemented technical and scientific programs and systems in the areas of nuclear physics, computer programming and industrial design. During that time, he also provided freelance writing services for the Academic Science and News Review, reporting and offering insight on a myriad of issues and developments in the fields of science and technology. Mr. Abel earned a Master's degree in Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering from Manhattan College in 1994 and a Bachelor's degree in Physics from SUNY, Stony Brook in 1987.

Peter B. Doyle is a Managing Director of the Adviser and the President of Kinetic Mutual Funds, Inc. In 1994, he co-founded Horizon Asset Management, Inc. (n/k/a Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC) and, in 1996, he co-founded Kinetics Asset Management, Inc. (n/k/a Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC). From 1996 through 2011, Mr. Doyle was a dual employee of both Horizon and Kinetics. In April 2019, Kinetics reorganized into Horizon and was renamed Horizon Kinetics Asset Management, LLC.

*Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF* 

Philip Goldstein is a Partner of the Sub-Adviser, which he co-founded in 2019. Mr. Goldstein also co-founded Bulldog Investors, LLP, an SEC-registered investment adviser, in 1993, and is a Principal of the firm and its lead investment strategist. He graduated from the University of Southern California in 1966 with a Bachelor of Engineering degree and from City College, New York in 1968 with a Master of Engineering degree. Mr. Goldstein appears on television and is widely quoted on closed-end funds, SPACs, and shareholder activism.

Andrew Dakos is a Partner of the Sub-Adviser, which he co-founded in 2019. Mr. Dakos has also served as the Principal and Partner in Bulldog Investors, LLP, an SEC-registered investment adviser, since 1999. He graduated from the University of Delaware in 1988 with a BS in Business Administration.

Rajeev Das has served as a Principal of the Sub-Adviser since 2019. Mr. Das has also served a Portfolio Manager and Head of Trading for Bulldog Investors, LLP, an SEC-registered investment adviser, since 1997. He received a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from the University of Bombay in 1989 and a Master of Arts in Economics from New York University in 1999. Mr. Das is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA).

The Funds' SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers' compensation structure, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers, and the Portfolio Managers' ownership of Shares.

**Other Service Providers**

Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the "Distributor") serves as the principal underwriter and distributor of each Fund's Shares. The Distributor's principal address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. The Distributor will not distribute shares in less than whole Creation Units, and it does not maintain a secondary market in the Shares. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA"). The Distributor has no role in determining the policies of the Funds or the securities that are purchased or sold by a Fund and is not affiliated with the Adviser, Sub-Adviser, or any of their respective affiliates.

U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, doing business as U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202, serves as the administrator, transfer agent and index receipt agent for the Funds.

U.S. Bank National Association, located at 1555 N. Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212, serves as the custodian for the Funds.

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, located at 1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004, serves as legal counsel to the Trust.

Cohen & Company, Ltd., located at 1350 Euclid Avenue, Suite 800, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, serves as the Funds' independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of the Funds.

**HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES**

Each Fund issues and redeems Shares only in Creation Units at the NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order from an AP. Only APs may acquire Shares directly from a Fund, and only APs may tender their Shares for redemption directly to a Fund, at NAV. APs must be a member or participant of a clearing agency registered with the SEC and must execute a Participant Agreement that has been agreed to by the Distributor, and that has been accepted by the Funds' transfer agent, with respect to purchases and redemptions of Creation Units. Once created, Shares trade in the secondary market in quantities less than a Creation Unit.

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Most investors buy and sell Shares in secondary market transactions through brokers. Individual Shares are listed for trading on the secondary market on the Exchange and can be bought and sold throughout the trading day like other publicly traded securities.

When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges, and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offer price in the secondary market on each leg of a round trip (purchase and sale) transaction. In addition, because secondary market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more than NAV when you buy Shares and receive less than NAV when you sell those Shares.

**Book Entry**

Shares are held in book-entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The Depository Trust Company (the "DTC") or its nominee is the record owner of all outstanding Shares.

Investors owning Shares are beneficial owners as shown on the records of DTC or its participants. DTC serves as the securities depository for all Shares. DTC's participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other institutions that directly or indirectly maintain a custodial relationship with DTC. As a beneficial owner of Shares, you are not entitled to receive physical delivery of stock certificates or to have Shares registered in your name, and you are not considered a registered owner of Shares. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely upon the procedures of DTC and its participants. These procedures are the same as those that apply to any other securities that you hold in book entry or "street name" through your brokerage account.

**Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Shares**

The Funds impose no restrictions on the frequency of purchases and redemptions of Shares. In determining not to approve a written, established policy, the Board evaluated the risks of market timing activities by Fund shareholders. Purchases and redemptions by APs, who are the only parties that may purchase or redeem Shares directly from the Funds, are an essential part of the ETF process and help keep Share trading prices in line with NAV. As such, the Funds accommodate frequent purchases and redemptions by APs. However, frequent purchases and redemptions for cash may increase tracking error and portfolio transaction costs and lead to the realization of capital gains. The Funds' fair valuation of their holdings consistent with the 1940 Act and Rule 2a-5 thereunder and their ability to impose transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Funds in effecting trades help to minimize the potential adverse consequences of frequent purchases and redemptions.

**Determination of Net Asset Value**

Each Fund's NAV is calculated as of the scheduled close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE"), generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, each day the NYSE is open for business. The NAV for a Fund is calculated by dividing the applicable Fund's net assets by its Shares outstanding.

In calculating its NAV, each Fund generally values its assets on the basis of market quotations, last sale prices, or estimates of value furnished by a pricing service or brokers who make markets in such instruments. In particular, a Fund generally values equity securities at their readily available market quotations. If such information is not available for a security held by a Fund or is determined to be unreliable, the security will be valued by the Adviser at fair value pursuant to procedures established by the Adviser and approved by the Board (as described below).

**Fair Value Pricing**

The Adviser has been designated by the Board as the valuation designee for the Funds pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act. In its capacity as valuation designee, the Adviser has adopted procedures and methodologies to fair value Fund securities whose market prices are not "readily available" or are deemed to be unreliable. For example, such circumstances may arise when: (i) a security has been de-listed or has had its trading halted or suspended; (ii) a security's primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; (iii) a security's primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or (iv) a security's value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the security's primary trading market. Generally, when fair valuing an investment held by a Fund, the Adviser will take into account all reasonably available information that may be relevant to a particular valuation including, but not limited to, fundamental analytical data regarding the issuer, information relating to the issuer's business, recent trades or offers of the security, general and/or specific market conditions and the specific facts giving rise to the need to fair value the security. Fair value determinations are made in good faith and in accordance with the fair value methodologies established by the Adviser. Due to the subjective and variable nature of determining the fair value of a security or other investment, there can be no assurance that the Adviser's determined fair value will match or closely correlate to any market quotation that subsequently becomes available or the price quoted or published by other sources. In addition, a Fund may not be able to obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if the Fund were to sell such investment at or near the time its fair value is determined.

**Investments by Registered Investment Companies**

Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder restrict investments by registered investment companies in the securities of other investment companies. Registered investment companies are permitted to invest in a Fund beyond the limits set forth in section 12(d)(1), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that such investment companies enter into an agreement with the Funds.

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**Delivery of Shareholder Documents – Householding**

Householding is an option available to certain investors of the Funds. Householding is a method of delivery, based on the preference of the individual investor, in which a single copy of certain shareholder documents can be delivered to investors who share the same address, even if their accounts are registered under different names. Householding for the Funds is available through certain broker-dealers. If you are interested in enrolling in householding and receiving a single copy of prospectuses and other shareholder documents, please contact your broker-dealer. If you are currently enrolled in householding and wish to change your householding status, please contact your broker-dealer.

**DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS, AND TAXES**

**Dividends and Distributions**

Each Fund intends to pay out dividends, if any, and distribute any net realized capital gains to its shareholders at least annually. Each Fund will declare and pay capital gain distributions, if any, in cash. Distributions in cash may be reinvested automatically in additional whole Shares only if the broker through whom you purchased Shares makes such option available. Your broker is responsible for distributing the income and capital gain distributions to you.

**Taxes**

The following discussion is a summary of some important U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to investments in the Funds. Your investment in a Fund may have other tax implications. Please consult your tax advisor about the tax consequences of an investment in Shares, including the possible application of foreign, state, and local tax laws. This summary does not apply to Shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plans, which are generally not subject to current tax. Transactions relating to Shares held in such accounts may, however, be taxable at some time in the future. This summary is based on current tax laws, which may change.

Each Fund intends to elect and intends to qualify each year for treatment as a regulated investment company (a "RIC"). If it meets certain minimum distribution requirements, a RIC is not subject to tax at the fund level on income and gains from investments that are timely distributed to shareholders. However, a Fund's failure to qualify as a RIC or to meet minimum distribution requirements would result (if certain relief provisions were not available) in fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to shareholders.

Unless your investment in Shares is made through a tax-exempt entity or tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA, you need to be aware of the possible tax consequences when a Fund makes distributions, when you sell your Shares listed on the Exchange, and when you purchase or redeem Creation Units (APs only).

**Taxes on Distributions**

Each Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gains. The distributions you receive may be subject to federal, state, and local taxation, depending on your tax situation. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income or qualified dividend income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains (if any) are determined by how long a Fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Shares. Sales of assets held by a Fund for more than one year generally result in long-term capital gains and losses, and sales of assets held by a Fund for one year or less generally result in short-term capital gains and losses. Distributions of a Fund's net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that are reported by such Fund as capital gain dividends ("Capital Gain Dividends") will be taxable as long-term capital gains, which for non-corporate shareholders are subject to tax at reduced rates of up to 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets). Distributions of short-term capital gain will generally be taxable as ordinary income. Dividends and distributions are generally taxable to you whether you receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares.

Distributions reported by a Fund as "qualified dividend income" are generally taxed to non-corporate shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided holding period and other requirements are met. "Qualified dividend income" generally is income derived from dividends paid by U.S. corporations or certain foreign corporations that are either incorporated in a U.S. possession or eligible for tax benefits under certain U.S. income tax treaties. In addition, dividends that a Fund receives in respect of stock of certain foreign corporations may be qualified dividend income if that stock is readily tradable on an established U.S. securities market. Corporate shareholders may be entitled to a dividends received deduction for the portion of dividends they receive from a Fund that are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, subject to certain limitations. For such dividends to be taxed as qualified dividend income to a non-corporate shareholder, a Fund must satisfy certain holding period requirements with respect to the underlying stock and the non-corporate shareholder must satisfy holding period requirements with respect to his or her ownership of such Fund's Shares. Holding periods may be suspended for these purposes for stock that is hedged.

Shortly after the close of each calendar year, you will be informed of the amount and character of any distributions received from a Fund.

In general, your distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year in which they are paid. Certain distributions paid in January, however, may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year. Distributions are generally taxable even if they are paid

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from income or gains earned by a Fund before your investment (and thus were included in the Shares' NAV when you purchased your Shares).

You may wish to avoid investing in a Fund shortly before a dividend or other distribution, because such a distribution will generally be taxable even though it may economically represent a return of a portion of your investment.

If you are neither a resident nor a citizen of the United States or if you are a foreign entity, distributions (other than Capital Gain Dividends) paid to you by a Fund will generally be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless a lower treaty rate applies. Gains from the sale or other disposition of your Shares from non-U.S. shareholders generally are not subject to U.S. taxation, unless you are a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the U.S. for 183 days or more per year. A Fund may, under certain circumstances, report all or a portion of a dividend as an "interest-related dividend" or a "short-term capital gain dividend," which would generally be exempt from this 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided certain other requirements are met. Different tax consequences may result if you are a foreign shareholder engaged in a trade or business within the United States or if a tax treaty applies.

A Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) generally is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage (currently 24%) of the taxable distributions and sale proceeds paid to any shareholder who fails to properly furnish a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify that the shareholder is not subject to such withholding.

**Taxes When Shares Are Sold on the Exchange**

Provided that a shareholder holds Shares as capital assets, any capital gain or loss realized upon a sale or exchange of Shares generally is treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if Shares have been held for one year or less. However, any capital loss on a sale of Shares held for six months or less is treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of Capital Gain Dividends paid with respect to such Shares. Any loss realized on a sale will be disallowed to the extent Shares of the Fund are acquired, including through reinvestment of dividends, within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of Shares. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited.

The cost basis of Shares of the Fund acquired by purchase will generally be based on the amount paid for the Shares and then may be subsequently adjusted for other applicable transactions as required by the Code. The difference between the selling price and the cost basis of Shares generally determines the amount of the capital gain or loss realized on the sale or exchange of Shares. Contact the broker through whom you purchased your Shares to obtain information with respect to the available cost basis reporting methods and elections for your account.

**Taxes on Purchases and Redemptions of Creation Units**

An AP having the U.S. dollar as its functional currency for U.S. federal income tax purposes who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally recognizes a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and the exchanging AP's aggregate basis in the securities delivered plus the amount of any cash paid for the Creation Units. An AP who exchanges Creation Units for securities will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the exchanging AP's basis in the Creation Units and the aggregate U.S. dollar market value of the securities received, plus any cash received for such Creation Units. The Internal Revenue Service may assert, however, that a loss that is realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units may not be currently deducted under the rules governing "wash sales" (for an AP who does not mark-to-market their holdings) or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. APs exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.

A Fund may include a payment of cash in addition to, or in place of, the delivery of a basket of securities upon the redemption of Creation Units. A Fund may sell portfolio securities to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause a Fund to recognize investment income and/or capital gains or losses that it might not have recognized if it had completely satisfied the redemption in-kind. As a result, a Fund may be less tax efficient if it includes such a cash payment in the proceeds paid upon the redemption of Creation Units.

**Net Investment Income Tax**

U.S. individuals with income exceeding specified thresholds are subject to a 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their "net investment income," which includes interest, dividends, and certain capital gains (generally including capital gains distributions and capital gains realized on the sale of Shares). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

**Investments in Complex Securities**

Certain of each Fund's investments, such as investments in commodity-linked derivatives, when made directly, may not produce qualifying income to the Funds. To the extent a Fund invests in commodity-linked derivatives, such Fund will seek to restrict its income from such instruments that do not generate qualifying income to a maximum of 10% of its gross income (when combined with its other investments that produce non-qualifying income).

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If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC and to avail itself of certain relief provisions, it would be subject to tax at the regular corporate rate without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and its distributions would generally be taxable as dividends. Please see the SAI for a more detailed discussion, including the availability of certain relief provisions for certain failures by a Fund to qualify as a RIC.

**Foreign Investments by a Fund**

The Medical ETF invests in foreign securities. Interest and other income received by a Fund with respect to foreign securities may give rise to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes. If as of the close of a taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund's assets consists of certain foreign stock or securities, each such Fund will be eligible to elect to "pass through" to investors the amount of foreign income and similar taxes (including withholding taxes) paid by such Fund during that taxable year. This means that investors would be considered to have received as additional income their respective shares of such foreign taxes, but may be entitled to either a corresponding tax deduction in calculating taxable income, or, subject to certain limitations, a credit in calculating federal income tax. If a Fund does not so elect, each such Fund will be entitled to claim a deduction for certain foreign taxes incurred by such Fund. A Fund (or a financial intermediary, such as a broker, through which a shareholder owns Shares) will notify you if it makes such an election and provide you with the information necessary to reflect foreign taxes paid on your income tax return.

*The foregoing discussion summarizes some of the possible consequences under current federal tax law of an investment in each Fund. It is not a substitute for personal tax advice. You also may be subject to state and local tax on Fund distributions and sales of Shares. Consult your personal tax advisor about the potential tax consequences of an investment in Shares under all applicable tax laws. For more information, please see the section entitled "Federal Income Taxes" in the SAI.* 

**DISTRIBUTION PLAN**

The Board has adopted a Distribution and Service Plan (the "Plan") pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with the Plan, each Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to 0.25% of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities and shareholder services.

No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Funds, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because the fees are paid out of Fund assets, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.

**PREMIUM/DISCOUNT INFORMATION**

Information regarding how often each Fund's Shares traded on the Exchange at a price above (*i.e.*, at a premium) or below (*i.e.*, at a discount) its NAV is available on the Funds' website at www.horizonkinetics.com.

**ADDITIONAL NOTICES**

Shares are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange is not responsible for, nor has it participated in the determination of, the timing, prices, or quantities of the Fund's Shares to be issued, nor in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Shares are redeemable. The Exchange has no obligation or liability to owners of the Fund's Shares in connection with the administration, marketing, or trading of the Fund's Shares.

Without limiting any of the foregoing, in no event shall the Exchange have any liability for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special, or consequential damages even if notified of the possibility thereof.

The Adviser, the Sub-Adviser, and the Fund make no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Fund particularly.

**FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS**

On January 27, 2023, (i) the Medical ETF acquired all of the assets and liabilities of the Kinetics Medical Fund (the "Medical Predecessor Fund") in exchange for shares of beneficial interest of the Medical ETF, and (ii) the SPAC ETF acquired all of the assets and liabilities of the Kinetics Alternative Income Fund (the "Alternative Income Predecessor Fund" and together, with the Medical Predecessor Fund, each a "Predecessor Fund" or the "Predecessor Funds") (the "Reorganization"). As a result of the Reorganization, each of the Medical ETF and the SPAC ETF have adopted the financial history of the Medical Predecessor Fund and the Alternative Income Predecessor Fund, respectively.

The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand each Predecessor Fund's financial performance. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Predecessor Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost, on an investment in a Predecessor Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been audited by the Predecessor Funds' prior independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with each Predecessor Fund's financial statements, is included in the Predecessor Funds' annual report, which is available upon request.

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**Kinetics Medical Fund**

**FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS**

**No Load Class**

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Period Ended <br>June 30, 2022 (Unaudited)** | | **For the <br>Year Ended December 31, 2021** | **For the <br>Year Ended December 31, 2020** | **For the** <br>**Year Ended December 31, 2019** | **For the** <br>**Year Ended December 31, 2018** | **For the** <br>**Year Ended December 31, 2017** |
| **PER SHARE DATA:**<sup>(1)</sup> | | | | | | | |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net Asset Value, <br>Beginning of Period | $30.78 |  | $28.13 | $26.53 | $23.47 | $25.33 | $26.62 |
| Income from Investment Operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net investment income<sup>(2)</sup> | 0.21 |  | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.27 | 0.24 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (0.51) |  | 2.73 | 2.11 | 3.43 | 0.12 | 2.63 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total from Investment Operations | (0.30) |  | 2.98 | 2.40 | 3.76 | 0.39 | 2.87 |
| Redemption Fees<sup>(3)</sup> | 0.00 |  | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Less Distributions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From net investment income |  |  | (0.26) | (0.31) | (0.35) | (0.29) | (0.26) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From net realized gains |  |  | (0.07) | (0.49) | (0.35) | (1.96) | (3.90) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Distributions |  |  | (0.33) | (0.80) | (0.70) | (2.25) | (4.16) |
| Net Asset Value, End of Period | $30.48 |  | $30.78 | $28.13 | $26.53 | $23.47 | $25.33 |
| Total return | (0.97) | <sup>(6)</sup> | 10.59% | 9.04% | 16.04% | 1.67% | 10.71% |
| **SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS** | **SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS** | **SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS** |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net assets, end of Period (000's) | $16014 |  | $16188 | $15462 | $15442 | $14814 | $16060 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ratio of operating expenses to average net assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Before expense reimbursement | 2.18% | <sup>(7)</sup> | 2.18% | 2.26% | 2.34% | 2.23% | 2.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After expense reimbursement<sup>(4)</sup> | 1.39% | <sup>(7)</sup> | 1.39% | 1.39% | 1.39% | 1.39% | 1.39% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ratio of net investment income to average net assets: | 1.41% | <sup>(7)</sup> | 0.84% | 1.12% | 1.34% | 1.03% | 0.86% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Portfolio turnover rate<sup>(5)</sup> | 2% |  | 1% | 7% | 6% | 0% | 0% |

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<sup>(1)</sup> *Information presented relates to a share of capital stock outstanding for each year.*

<sup>(2)</sup> *Net investment income per share represents net investment income divided by the average shares outstanding throughout the year.*

<sup>(3)</sup> *Amount calculated is less than $0.005.*

<sup>(4)</sup> *See Note #3, Investment Adviser, for the waiver and expense reimbursement discussion.*

<sup>(5)</sup> *Portfolio turnover of The Medical Portfolio.*

<sup>(6)</sup> *Not Annualized.*

<sup>(7)</sup> *Annualized.*

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**Kinetics Alternative Income Fund**

**FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS**

**No Load Class**

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| | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the Period Ended <br>June 30, 2022 (Unaudited)** | **For the Period Ended <br>June 30, 2022 (Unaudited)** | | **For the <br>Year Ended December 31, 2021** | | **For the <br>Year Ended December 31, 2020** | **For the** <br>**Year Ended December 31, 2019** | **For the** <br>**Year Ended December 31, 2018** | **For the** <br>**Year Ended December 31, 2017** |
| **PER SHARE DATA:**<sup>(1)</sup> | | | | | | | | | |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net Asset Value, <br>Beginning of Period | $98.92 |  |  | $100.24 |  | $98.28 | $97.46 | $97.57 | $95.36 |
| Income from Investment Operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net investment income (loss)<sup>(2)</sup> | 0.02 |  |  | (0.15) |  | 0.25 | 1.39 | 0.92 | 0.08 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (3.96) |  |  | (1.17) |  | 1.91 | 1.01 | (0.03) | 2.12 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total from Investment Operations | (3.94) |  |  | (1.32) |  | 2.16 | 2.40 | 0.89 | 2.20 |
| Redemption Fees | 0.00 | . | <sup>(3)</sup> | 0.00 | <sup>(3)</sup> | 0.02 |  | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Less Distributions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From net investment income |  |  |  |  |  | (0.22) | (1.58) | (1.01) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Distributions |  |  |  |  |  | (0.22) | (1.58) | (1.01) |  |
| Net Asset Value, End of Period | $94.98 |  |  | $98.92 |  | $100.24 | $98.28 | $97.46 | $97.57 |
| Total return | (3.98 | %) | <sup>(6)</sup> | (1.32%) |  | 2.23% | 2.47% | 0.92% | 2.32% |
| **SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS** | **SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS** | **SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net assets, end of Period (000's) | $2473 |  |  | $2656 |  | $2642 | $3482 | $4265 | $4968 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ratio of operating expenses to average net assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Before expense reimbursement | 2.70 | % | <sup>(7)</sup> | 2.35% |  | 2.16% | 2.01% | 1.88% | 1.75% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;After expense reimbursement<sup>(4)</sup> | 0.95 | % | <sup>(7)</sup> | 0.95% |  | 0.95% | 0.95% | 0.95% | 0.95% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ratio of net investment income (loss) to average net assets: | 0.04 | % | <sup>(7)</sup> | (0.15%) |  | 0.25% | 1.41% | 0.94% | 0.08% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Portfolio turnover rate<sup>(5)</sup> | 0 | % |  | 0% |  | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |

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<sup>(1)</sup> *Information presented relates to a share of capital stock outstanding for each year.*

<sup>(2)</sup> *Net investment income per share represents net investment income divided by the average shares outstanding throughout the year.*

<sup>(3)</sup> *Amount calculated is less than $0.005.*

<sup>(4)</sup> *See Note #3, Investment Adviser, for the waiver and expense reimbursement discussion.*

<sup>(5)</sup> *Portfolio turnover of The Alternative Income Portfolio.* 

<sup>(6)</sup> *Not Annualized.*

<sup>(7)</sup> *Annualized.*

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**Horizon Kinetics Medical ETF**

**Horizon Kinetics SPAC Active ETF**

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Adviser** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Horizon Kinetics Asset Management LLC**<br>470 Park Avenue South<br>New York, New York 10016 | **Transfer Agent and Administrator** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC**<br>d/b/a U.S. Bank Global Fund Services<br>615 East Michigan Street<br>Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 |
| **Sub-Adviser** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Ryan Heritage, LLP**<br>Park 80 West - Plaza Two<br>250 Pehle Avenue, Suite 708<br>Saddle Brook, New Jersey 07663 | **Distributor** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Foreside Fund Services, LLC**<br>Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100<br>Portland, Maine 04101 |
| **Custodian** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**U.S. Bank National Association** <br>1555 North Rivercenter Drive, Suite 302<br>Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 | **Legal Counsel** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP**<br>1111 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW<br>Washington, DC 20004-2541 |
| **Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Cohen & Company, Ltd.**<br>1350 Euclid Avenue, Suite 800<br>Cleveland, Ohio 44115 |  |  |

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Investors may find more information about the Funds in the following documents:

**Statement of Additional Information:** The Funds' SAI provides additional details about the investments of each Fund and certain other additional information. The SAI is on file with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. It is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.

**Annual/Semi-Annual Reports:** Additional information about each Fund's investments will be available in the Funds' annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders. In the annual report, when available, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected a Fund's performance after the first fiscal year the Fund is in operation.

You can obtain free copies of these documents, request other information or make general inquiries about the Funds by contacting the Funds at c/o U.S. Bank Global Fund Services, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0701 or by calling 1-800-617-0004.

Shareholder reports and other information about the Funds are also available:

• Free of charge from the SEC's EDGAR database on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov; or

• Free of charge from the Funds' Internet web site at www.horizonkinetics.com; or

• For a fee, by e-mail request to publicinfo@sec.gov.

(SEC Investment Company Act File No. 811-23226)

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