# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000019617
**File Stem:** 0001213900-25-067417
**Filing Date:** 2025-7
**Character Count:** 55447
**Document Hash:** 9c4d785eaf8d8d58d7d1466d3a3c5f9d
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001213900-25-067417.hdr.sgml**: 20250725

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001213900-25-067417

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 424B2

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 3

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250725

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250724

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** JPMORGAN CHASE & CO
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000019617
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANKS [6021]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 02 Finance
- **EIN:** 132624428
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 424B2
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-270004
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251148039

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 383 MADISON AVENUE
- **CITY:** NEW YORK
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 10017
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 2122706000

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 383 MADISON AVENUE
- **CITY:** NEW YORK
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 10017

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** J P MORGAN CHASE & CO
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20010102

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** CHASE MANHATTAN CORP /DE/
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19960402

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** CHEMICAL BANKING CORP
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19920703
**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** JPMorgan Chase Financial Co. LLC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001665650
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** NATIONAL COMMERCIAL BANKS [6021]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 02 Finance
- **EIN:** 475462128
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 424B2
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-270004-01
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251148040

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 383 MADISON AVENUE
- **STREET 2:** FLOOR 21
- **CITY:** NEW YORK
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 10179
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** (212) 270-6000

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 383 MADISON AVENUE
- **STREET 2:** FLOOR 21
- **CITY:** NEW YORK
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 10179

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.**<br> **Subject to completion dated July 24, 2025** | **The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.**<br> **Subject to completion dated July 24, 2025** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Pricing supplement**<br> *To prospectus dated April 13, 2023,*<br>*prospectus supplement dated April 13, 2023,*<br>*product supplement no. 2-I dated April 13, 2023 and*<br>*prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024*<br>| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Registration Statement Nos. 333-270004 and 333-270004-01<br> Dated July , 2025**<br> **Rule 424(b)(2)** |
| **JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC** | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Registration Statement Nos. 333-270004 and 333-270004-01<br> Dated July , 2025**<br> **Rule 424(b)(2)** |

---

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Structured<br> Investments | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **$**<br> **Digital Contingent Buffered Notes Linked Inversely to Grade A Copper due August 10, 2026**<br> **Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co.** |

---

**General**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **The notes provide inverse exposure to the performance of Grade A Copper, determined as described below, which we refer to as the Commodity.** The notes are designed for investors who seek a fixed return of
at least 9.15% at maturity and who do not think that the Commodity Price will have increased from the Initial Value by more than the Contingent
Buffer Percentage of 20.00% as of the Observation Date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Investors should be willing to accept the risk of losing a significant portion
or all of their principal amount if the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value by more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage. If
the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value by more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage, at maturity investors will lose 1% of
their principal for every 1% that the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value. If the Final Value is greater than or equal to 200.00%
of the Initial Value, investors will lose 100% of their principal. See "Hypothetical Examples of Amount Payable at Maturity"
for additional hypothetical payment scenarios.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **The Contingent Digital Return is a fixed return and will not vary based on the performance of the Commodity.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· The notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase Financial
Company LLC, which we refer to as JPMorgan Financial, the payment on which is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. **Any payment on the notes is subject to the credit risk of JPMorgan Financial, as issuer of the notes, and the credit risk of JPMorgan Chase & Co., as guarantor of the notes.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Minimum denominations of $10,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess
thereof

**Key Terms**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Issuer: | JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, a direct, wholly owned finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. |
| Guarantor: | JPMorgan Chase & Co. |
| Commodity: | The spot price of Grade A Copper (Bloomberg ticker: LOCADY) |
| Payment at Maturity: | If the Final Value is less than or equal to the Initial Value or is greater than the Initial Value by up to the Contingent Buffer Percentage, at maturity you will receive a cash payment that provides you with a return per $1,000 principal amount note equal to the Contingent Digital Return. Accordingly, under these circumstances, your payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount note will be calculated as follows: |
| Payment at Maturity: | $1,000 + ($1,000 × Contingent Digital Return) |
| Payment at Maturity: | If the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value by more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage, at maturity you will lose 1% of the principal amount of your notes for every 1% that the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value. Under these circumstances, your payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount note will be calculated as follows: |
|  | $1,000 + ($1,000 × Inverse Commodity Return)<br> In no event, however, will the payment at maturity be less than $0. |
|  | *If the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value by more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage, you will lose more than 20% of your principal amount at maturity and could lose up to all of your principal amount at maturity. You will lose a significant portion of your principal amount even if the increase from the Initial Value to the Final Value is only slightly more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage.* |
| Contingent Digital Return: | At least 9.15%, which reflects the maximum return on the notes. The actual Contingent Digital Return will be provided in the pricing supplement and will not be less than 9.15%. Accordingly, assuming a Contingent Digital Return of 9.15%, the maximum payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount note is $1,091.50. |
| Contingent Buffer Percentage: | 20% |
| Inverse Commodity Return: | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <u>(Initial Value – Final Value)</u><br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Initial Value<br> However, if the formula above would result in a percentage that is less than -100%, the Inverse Commodity Return will be deemed to be equal to -100%. |
| Initial Value: | The Commodity Price on the Pricing Date<br>|
| Final Value: | The Commodity Price on the Observation Date |
| Commodity Price: | On any day, the official cash offer price of Copper Grade A on the London Metal Exchange (the "LME") for the spot market, stated in U.S. dollars per metric ton, as determined by the LME and displayed on the Bloomberg Professional<sup>®</sup> service ("Bloomberg") under the symbol "LOCADY" on that day |
| Pricing Date: | On or about July 24, 2025 |
| Original Issue Date: | On or about July 29, 2025 (Settlement Date) |
| Observation Date<sup>†</sup>: | August 5, 2026 |
| Maturity Date<sup>†</sup>: | August 10, 2026 |
| CUSIP: | 48135NYD2 |

---

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| <sup>†</sup> | Subject to postponement in the event of a market disruption event and as described under "General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a Determination Date — Notes Linked to a Single Underlying — Notes Linked to a Single Commodity or Commodity Futures Contract" and "General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a Payment Date" in the accompanying product supplement |

---

**Investing in the notes involves a number of risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-2 of the accompanying prospectus supplement, Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, "Risk Factors" beginning on page PS-11 of the accompanying product supplement and "Selected Risk Considerations" beginning on page PS-5 of this pricing supplement.**

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of the notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement, prospectus supplement, prospectus and prospectus addendum. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Price to Public (1)** | **Fees and Commissions (2)** | **Proceeds to Issuer** |
| **Per note** | $1000 | $| $|
| **Total** | $| $| $|

---

(1) See "Supplemental Use of Proceeds" in this pricing supplement for information about the components of the price to public
of the notes.

(2) J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, which we refer to as JPMS, acting as agent for JPMorgan Financial, will pay all of the selling commissions
it receives from us to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers. In no event will these selling commissions exceed $10.00 per $1,000 principal
amount note. See "Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)" in the accompanying product supplement.

**If the notes priced today, the estimated value of the notes would be approximately $976.00 per $1,000 principal amount note. The estimated value of the notes, when the terms of the notes are set, will be provided in the pricing supplement and will not be less than $972.50 per $1,000 principal amount note.** See "The Estimated Value of the Notes" in this pricing supplement for additional information.

The notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

![](image_001.jpg)

**Additional Terms Specific to the Notes**

**You may revoke your offer to purchase the notes at any time prior to the time at which we accept such offer by notifying the applicable agent. We reserve the right to change the terms of, or reject any offer to purchase, the notes prior to their issuance. In the event of any changes to the terms of the notes, we will notify you and you will be asked to accept such changes in connection with your purchase. You may also choose to reject such changes, in which case we may reject your offer to purchase.**

You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by the accompanying prospectus supplement relating to our Series A medium-term notes, of which these notes are a part, the accompanying prospectus addendum and the more detailed information contained in the accompanying product supplement. **This pricing supplement, together with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the notes and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of ours.** You should carefully consider, among other things, the matters set forth in the "Risk Factors" sections of the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, as the notes involve risks not associated with conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the notes.

You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Product supplement no. 2-I dated April 13, 2023:

[http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000121390023029567/ea151907_424b2.pdf](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000121390023029567/ea151907_424b2.pdf)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Prospectus supplement and prospectus, each dated April 13,
2023:

[http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000095010323005751/crt_dp192097-424b2.pdf](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/19617/000095010323005751/crt_dp192097-424b2.pdf)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· Prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024:

[http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1665650/000095010324007599/dp211753_424b3.htm](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1665650/000095010324007599/dp211753_424b3.htm)

Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1665650, and JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s CIK is 19617. As used in this pricing supplement, "we," "us" and "our" refer to JPMorgan Financial.

**Supplemental Terms of the Notes**

For purposes of the notes offered by this pricing supplement: the Observation Date is a "Determination Date" as described in the accompanying product supplement and is subject to postponement as described under "General Terms of Notes — Postponement of a Determination Date — Notes Linked to a Single Underlying — Notes Linked to a Single Commodity or Commodity Futures Contract" in the accompanying product supplement.

**The notes are not commodity futures contracts or swaps and are not regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended (the "Commodity Exchange Act").** The notes are offered pursuant to an exemption from regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act, commonly known as the hybrid instrument exemption, that is available to securities that have one or more payments indexed to the value, level or rate of one or more commodities, as set out in section 2(f) of that statute. Accordingly, you are not afforded any protection provided by the Commodity Exchange Act or any regulation promulgated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Any values of the Commodity, and any values derived therefrom, included in this pricing supplement may be corrected, in the event of manifest error or inconsistency, by amendment of this pricing supplement and the corresponding terms of the notes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the indenture governing the notes, that amendment will become effective without consent of the holders of the notes or any other party.

JPMorgan Structured Investments — PS-1 <br> Digital Notes Linked Inversely to a Grade A Copper

**What Is the Total Return on the Notes at Maturity, Assuming a Range of Performances for the Commodity?**

The following table and examples illustrate the hypothetical total return and the hypothetical payment at maturity on the notes. The "total return" as used in this pricing supplement is the number, expressed as a percentage, that results from comparing the payment at maturity per $1,000 principal amount note to $1,000. As used in this section, the Commodity Return is equal to (Final Value – Initial Value) / Initial Value. Each hypothetical total return or payment at maturity set forth below assumes an Initial Value of $100 and a Contingent Digital Return of 9.15% and reflects the Contingent Buffer Percentage of 20%. The actual Contingent Digital Return will be provided in the pricing supplement and will not be less than 9.15%.

The hypothetical Initial Value of $100 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and may not represent a likely actual Initial Value. The actual Initial Value will be the Commodity Price on the Pricing Date and will be provided in the pricing supplement. For historical data regarding the actual Commodity Prices, please see the historical information set forth under "Historical Information" in this pricing supplement.

Each hypothetical total return or payment at maturity set forth below is for illustrative purposes only and may not be the actual total return or payment at maturity applicable to a purchaser of the notes. The numbers appearing in the following table and in the examples below have been rounded for ease of analysis.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**Final Value** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Commodity Return** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Inverse Commodity<br> Return** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**Total Return** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$220.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;120.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-100.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-100.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$210.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;110.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-100.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-100.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$200.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;100.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-100.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-100.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$190.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;90.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-90.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-90.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$180.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;80.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-80.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-80.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$165.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;65.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-65.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-65.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$150.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;50.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-50.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-50.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$140.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;40.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-40.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-40.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$130.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;30.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-30.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-30.00% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$120.01 | &nbsp;&nbsp;20.01% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-20.01% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-20.01% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$120.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;20.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-20.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$110.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;10.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-10.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$105.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;5.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;-5.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;**$100.00** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**0.00%** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**0.00%** | &nbsp;&nbsp;**9.15%** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$95.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-5.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;5.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$90.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-10.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;10.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$80.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-20.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;20.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$70.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-30.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;30.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$60.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-40.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;40.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$50.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-50.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;50.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$40.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-60.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;60.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$30.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-70.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;70.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$20.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-80.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;80.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$10.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-90.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;90.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;$0.00 | &nbsp;&nbsp;-100.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;100.00% | &nbsp;&nbsp;9.15% |

---

JPMorgan Structured Investments — PS-2 <br> Digital Notes Linked Inversely to a Grade A Copper

**Hypothetical Examples of Amount Payable at Maturity**

The following examples illustrate how the payment at maturity in different hypothetical scenarios is calculated.

**Example 1: The price of the Commodity decreases from the Initial Value of $100 to a Final Value of $95.** Because the Final Value of $95 is less than the Initial Value of $100, regardless of the Inverse Commodity Return, the investor receives a payment at maturity of $1,091.50 per $1,000 principal amount note, calculated as follows:

$1,000 + ($1,000 × 9.15%) = $1,091.50

**Example 2: The price of the Commodity increases from the Initial Value of $100 to a Final Value of $115.** Although the Final Value of $115 is greater than the Initial Value of $100, because the Final Value is not greater than the Initial Value by more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage of 20%, the investor receives a payment at maturity of $1,091.50 per $1,000 principal amount note, calculated as follows:

$1,000 + ($1,000 × 9.15%) = $1,091.50

**Example 3: The price of the Commodity decreases from the Initial Value of $100 to a Final Value of $60.** Because the Final Value of $60 is less than the Initial Value of $100 and although the Inverse Commodity Return of 40% exceeds the Contingent Digital Return of 9.15%, the investor is entitled to only the Contingent Digital Return and receives a payment at maturity of $1,091.50 per $1,000 principal amount note, calculated as follows:

$1,000 + ($1,000 × 9.15%) = $1,091.50

**Example 4: The price of the Commodity increases from the Initial Value of $100 to a Final Value of $165.** Because the Final Value of $165 is greater than the Initial Value of $100 by more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage of 20% and the Inverse Commodity Return is -65%, the investor receives a payment at maturity of $350 per $1,000 principal amount note, calculated as follows:

$1,000 + ($1,000 × -65%) = $350

**Example 5: The price of the Commodity increases from the Initial Value of $100 to a Final Value of $210.** Because the Final Value of $210 is greater than the Initial Value of $100 by more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage of 20% and the Inverse Commodity Return would have been less than -100% but for the floor on the Inverse Commodity Return of -100%, the Inverse Commodity Return is -100%. As a result, the investor receives a payment at maturity of $0, calculated as follows:

$1,000 + ($1,000 × -100%) = $0

The hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments on the notes shown above apply **only if you hold the notes for their entire term.** These hypotheticals do not reflect fees or expenses that would be associated with any sale in the secondary market. If these fees and expenses were included, the hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments shown above would likely be lower.

JPMorgan Structured Investments — PS-3 <br> Digital Notes Linked Inversely to a Grade A Copper

**Selected Purchase Considerations**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **FIXED APPRECIATION POTENTIAL WITH INVERSE EXPOSURE TO THE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMMODITY** — If the Final Value is less than or equal to the Initial Value or is greater than the Initial Value by up to
the Contingent Buffer Percentage, you will receive a fixed return equal to the Contingent Digital Return of at least 9.15% at maturity,
which also reflects the maximum return on the notes at maturity. The actual Contingent Digital Return will be provided in the pricing
supplement and will not be less than 9.15%. **Because the notes are our unsecured and unsubordinated obligations, the payment of which is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co., payment of any amount on the notes is subject to our ability to pay our obligations as they become due and JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s ability to pay its obligations as they become due.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **LIMITED PROTECTION AGAINST LOSS** — We will pay you your principal
back *plus* the Contingent Digital Return at maturity if the Final Value is less than or equal to the Initial Value or is greater
than the Initial Value by up to the Contingent Buffer Percentage of 20%. If the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value by more
than the Contingent Buffer Percentage, you will lose 1% of your principal amount at maturity for every 1% that the Final Value is greater
than the Initial Value. In no event, however, will the Inverse Commodity Return be less than -100%. **Accordingly, under these circumstances, you will lose more than 20% of your principal amount at maturity and could lose up to the entire principal amount of your notes at maturity.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **RETURN LINKED TO THE PERFORMANCE OF COPPER** — The return on the notes is linked to the performance of copper. For additional information about the Commodity, see the information set
forth under "The Underlyings — Commodities" in the accompanying product supplement. **The Contingent Digital Return is a fixed return and will not vary based on the performance of the Commodity.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **TAX TREATMENT** — You should review carefully the section entitled
"Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences" in the accompanying product supplement no. 2-I. The following discussion,
when read in combination with that section, constitutes the full opinion of our special tax counsel, Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, regarding
the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of notes.

Based on current market conditions, in the opinion of our special tax counsel it is reasonable to treat the notes as "open transactions" that are not debt instruments for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as more fully described in "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences — Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders — Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments" in the accompanying product supplement. Assuming this treatment is respected, the gain or loss on your notes should be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if you hold your notes for more than a year, whether or not you are an initial purchaser of notes at the issue price. However, the IRS or a court may not respect this treatment, in which case the timing and character of any income or loss on the notes could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of "prepaid forward contracts" and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to require investors in these instruments to accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of income or loss with respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as the nature of the underlying property to which the instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which income (including any mandated accruals) realized by non-U.S. investors should be subject to withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be subject to the "constructive ownership" regime, which very generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital gain as ordinary income and impose a notional interest charge. While the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the notes, possibly with retroactive effect. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by this notice.

JPMorgan Structured Investments — PS-4 <br> Digital Notes Linked Inversely to a Grade A Copper

**Selected Risk Considerations**

An investment in the notes involves significant risks. Investing in the notes is not equivalent to investing directly in the Commodity or in any exchange-traded or over-the-counter instruments based on, or other instruments linked to, the Commodity. These risks are explained in more detail in the "Risk Factors" sections of the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum.

**Risks Relating to the Notes Generally**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES MAY RESULT IN A LOSS** — The notes do not guarantee any return of principal. The return on the notes at maturity is dependent on the performance
of the Commodity and will depend on whether, and the extent to which, the Inverse Commodity Return is positive or negative. Your investment
will be exposed to a loss if the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value by more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage. In this
case, for every 1% that the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value, you will lose an amount equal to 1% of the principal amount
of your notes. In no event, however, will the Inverse Commodity Return be less than -100 **%**. **Accordingly, under these circumstances, you will lose more than 20% of your principal amount at maturity and could lose up to the entire principal amount of your notes at maturity.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **THE NOTES PROVIDE INVERSE EXPOSURE TO THE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMMODITY** — Because the notes provide inverse exposure to the performance of the Commodity, your return on
the notes will not benefit from any appreciation of the Commodity over the term of the notes and, if the Final Value is greater than the
Initial Value by more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage, you will lose more than 20% of your principal amount at maturity and could
lose up to the entire principal amount of your notes at maturity.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **YOUR MAXIMUM GAIN ON THE NOTES IS LIMITED TO THE CONTINGENT DIGITAL RETURN** — If the Final Value is less than or equal to the Initial Value or is greater than the Initial
Value by up to the Contingent Buffer Percentage, for each $1,000 principal amount note, you will receive at maturity $1,000 *plus* an additional return equal to the Contingent Digital Return, regardless of any depreciation of the Commodity, which may be significant. **The Contingent Digital Return is a fixed return and will not vary based on the performance of the Commodity.** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **YOUR ABILITY TO RECEIVE THE CONTINGENT DIGITAL RETURN MAY TERMINATE ON THE OBSERVATION DATE** — If the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value by more than the Contingent
Buffer Percentage, you will not be entitled to receive the Contingent Digital Return at maturity. Under these circumstances, you will
lose a significant portion or all of your principal amount at maturity.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **CREDIT RISKS OF JPMORGAN FINANCIAL AND JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.** — The notes are subject to our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s credit risks, and our
and JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s credit ratings and credit spreads may adversely affect the market value of the notes. 
Investors are dependent on our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s ability to pay all amounts due on the notes. Any actual
or potential change in our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s creditworthiness or credit spreads, as determined by the market
for taking that credit risk, is likely to adversely affect the value of the notes. If we and JPMorgan Chase & Co.
were to default on our payment obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the notes and you could lose your entire
investment.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **AS A FINANCE SUBSIDIARY, JPMORGAN FINANCIAL HAS NO INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS AND HAS LIMITED ASSETS —** As a finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co.,
we have no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of our securities and the collection of intercompany obligations.
Aside from the initial capital contribution from JPMorgan Chase & Co., substantially all of our assets relate to obligations
of JPMorgan Chase & Co. to make payments under loans made by us to JPMorgan Chase & Co. or under other intercompany
agreements. As a result, we are dependent upon payments from JPMorgan Chase & Co. to meet our obligations under the notes.
We are not a key operating subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and in a bankruptcy or resolution of JPMorgan Chase & Co.
we are not expected to have sufficient resources to meet our obligations in respect of the notes as they come due. If JPMorgan Chase & Co.
does not make payments to us and we are unable to make payments on the notes, you may have to seek payment under the related guarantee
by JPMorgan Chase & Co., and that guarantee will rank *pari passu* with all other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations
of JPMorgan Chase & Co. For more information, see the accompanying prospectus addendum.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **THE BENEFIT PROVIDED BY THE CONTINGENT BUFFER PERCENTAGE MAY TERMINATE ON THE OBSERVATION DATE** — If the Final Value is greater than the Initial Value by more than the Contingent Buffer Percentage,
the benefit provided by the Contingent Buffer Percentage will terminate and you will be fully exposed, on an inverse basis, to any appreciation
in the Final Value from the Initial Value, which will negatively affect the payment at maturity.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **OWNING THE NOTES IS NOT THE SAME AS OWNING THE COMMODITY OR COMMODITY-RELATED FUTURES CONTRACTS DIRECTLY** — The return on your notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually purchased
the Commodity or exchange-traded or over-the-counter instruments based on the Commodity. You will not have any rights that holders of
such assets or instruments have.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **NO INTEREST PAYMENTS** — As a holder of the notes, you will not
receive any interest payments.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **LACK OF LIQUIDITY** — The notes will not be listed on any securities
exchange. JPMS intends to offer to purchase the notes in the secondary market but is not required to do so. Even if there is a secondary
market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the notes easily. Because other dealers are not likely to make
a secondary market for the notes, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is likely to depend on the price, if any, at
which JPMS is willing to buy the notes.

JPMorgan Structured Investments — PS-5 <br> Digital Notes Linked Inversely to a Grade A Copper

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **THE FINAL TERMS AND VALUATION OF THE NOTES WILL BE PROVIDED IN THE PRICING SUPPLEMENT** — The final terms of the notes will be based on relevant market conditions when the terms of the notes
are set and will be provided in the pricing supplement. In particular, each of the estimated value of the notes and the Contingent Digital
Return will be provided in the pricing supplement and each may be as low as the applicable minimum set forth on the cover of this pricing
supplement. Accordingly, you should consider your potential investment in the notes based on the minimums for the estimated value of the
notes and the Contingent Digital Return.

**Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **POTENTIAL CONFLICTS** — We and our affiliates play a variety of
roles in connection with the issuance of the notes, including acting as calculation agent and as an agent of the offering of the notes,
hedging our obligations under the notes and making the assumptions used to determine the pricing of the notes and the estimated value
of the notes when the terms of the notes are set, which we refer to as the estimated value of the notes. In performing these duties, our
and JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s economic interests and the economic interests of the calculation agent and other affiliates
of ours are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the notes. In addition, our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s
business activities, including hedging and trading activities, could cause our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s economic
interests to be adverse to yours and could adversely affect any payment on the notes and the value of the notes. It is possible that hedging
or trading activities of ours or our affiliates in connection with the notes could result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates
while the value of the notes declines. Please refer to "Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest" in the
accompanying product supplement for additional information about these risks.

**Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES WILL BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE (PRICE TO PUBLIC) OF THE NOTES** — The estimated value of the notes is only an estimate determined by reference to several
factors. The original issue price of the notes will exceed the estimated value of the notes because costs associated with selling, structuring
and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions, the projected
profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the
estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes. See "The Estimated Value of the Notes" in this pricing supplement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES DOES NOT REPRESENT FUTURE VALUES OF THE NOTES AND MAY DIFFER FROM OTHERS' ESTIMATES** — The estimated value of the notes is determined by reference to internal
pricing models of our affiliates when the terms of the notes are set. This estimated value of the notes is based on market conditions
and other relevant factors existing at that time and assumptions about market parameters, which can include volatility, interest rates
and other factors. Different pricing models and assumptions could provide valuations for the notes that are greater than or less than
the estimated value of the notes. In addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions
may prove to be incorrect. On future dates, the value of the notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in
market conditions, our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors,
which may impact the price, if any, at which JPMS would be willing to buy notes from you in secondary market transactions. See "The
Estimated Value of the Notes" in this pricing supplement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES IS DERIVED BY REFERENCE TO AN INTERNAL FUNDING RATE** — The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates.
Any difference may be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates' view of the funding value of the notes as well as the
higher issuance, operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed
income instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions,
which may prove to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use
of an internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary
market prices of the notes. See "The Estimated Value of the Notes" in this pricing supplement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **THE VALUE OF THE NOTES AS PUBLISHED BY JPMS (AND WHICH MAY BE REFLECTED ON CUSTOMER ACCOUNT STATEMENTS) MAY BE HIGHER THAN THE THEN-CURRENT ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES FOR A LIMITED TIME PERIOD** —
We generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in connection
with any repurchases of your notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period. These costs can
include selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, and, in some circumstances, estimated hedging costs and our internal secondary
market funding rates for structured debt issuances. See "Secondary Market Prices of the Notes" in this pricing supplement
for additional information relating to this initial period. Accordingly, the estimated value of your notes during this initial period
may be lower than the value of the notes as published by JPMS (and which may be shown on your customer account statements).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL LIKELY BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE OF THE NOTES** — Any secondary market prices of the notes will likely be lower than the original issue price of the
notes because, among other things, secondary market prices take into account our internal secondary market funding rates for structured
debt issuances and, also, because secondary market prices may exclude selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any, and estimated
hedging costs that are included in the original issue price of the notes. As a result, the price, if any, at which JPMS will be willing
to buy notes from you in secondary market transactions, if at all, is likely to be lower than the original issue price. Any sale by you
prior to the Maturity Date could result in a substantial loss to you.

JPMorgan Structured Investments — PS-6 <br> Digital Notes Linked Inversely to a Grade A Copper

See the immediately following risk consideration for information about additional factors that will impact any secondary market prices of the notes.

The notes are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold your notes to maturity. See "— Risks Relating to the Notes Generally — Lack of Liquidity" above.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL BE IMPACTED BY MANY ECONOMIC AND MARKET FACTORS** — The secondary market price of the notes during their term will be impacted by a number of economic and
market factors, which may either offset or magnify each other, aside from the selling commissions, projected hedging profits, if any,
estimated hedging costs and the price of the Commodity, including:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· any actual or potential change in our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s
creditworthiness or credit spreads;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· customary bid-ask spreads for similarly sized trades;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· the actual and expected volatility in the Commodity Price;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· supply and demand trends for the Commodity;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· the time to maturity of the notes;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· interest and yield rates in the market generally; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· a variety of other economic, financial, political, regulatory, geographical,
agricultural, meteorological and judicial events.

Additionally, independent pricing vendors and/or third party broker-dealers may publish a price for the notes, which may also be reflected on customer account statements. This price may be different (higher or lower) than the price of the notes, if any, at which JPMS may be willing to purchase your notes in the secondary market.

**Risks Relating to the Commodity** 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **INVESTMENTS RELATED TO THE PRICES OF THE COMMODITY MAY BE MORE VOLATILE THAN TRADITIONAL SECURITIES INVESTMENTS** — The price of copper is subject to variables that may be less significant to the prices
of traditional securities such as stocks and bonds, and where the return on the securities is not related to commodities. Variables such
as those described under "— The Market Price of Copper Will Affect the Value of the Notes" below may have a larger impact
on the price of the Commodity than on traditional securities. These additional variables may create additional investment risks that may
cause the price of the Commodity to move in unpredictable and unanticipated directions and at unpredictable or unanticipated rates and
cause the value of the notes to be more volatile than the prices of traditional securities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **THE MARKET PRICE OF COPPER WILL AFFECT THE VALUE OF THE NOTES** —
Because the notes are linked to copper, we expect that generally the market value of the notes will depend in part on the market price
of copper. The price of copper is primarily affected by the global demand for and supply of copper, but is also influenced significantly
from time to time by speculative actions and by currency exchange rates. Demand for copper is significantly influenced by the level of
global industrial economic activity. Industrial sectors that are particularly important to demand for copper include the electrical and
construction sectors. In recent years, demand has been supported by strong consumption from newly industrializing countries due to their
copper-intensive economic growth and industrial development. An additional, but highly volatile, component of demand is adjustments to
inventory in response to changes in economic activity and/or pricing levels. There are substitutes for copper in various applications.
Their availability and price will also affect demand for copper. Apart from the United States, Canada, Australia and Poland, the majority
of copper concentrate supply (the raw material) comes from outside the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries.
The supply of copper is also affected by current and previous price levels, which will influence investment decisions in new smelters.
In previous years, copper supply has been affected by strikes, financial problems and terrorist activity. It is not possible to predict
the aggregate effect of all or any combination of these factors.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **SINGLE COMMODITY PRICES TEND TO BE MORE VOLATILE THAN, AND MAY NOT CORRELATE WITH, THE PRICES OF COMMODITIES GENERALLY** — The notes are linked to a single commodity and are not linked to a diverse basket
of commodities or a broad-based commodity index. The price of the Commodity may not correlate with, and may diverge significantly
from, the prices of commodities generally. Because the notes are linked to a single commodity, they carry greater risk and may be
more volatile than notes linked to the prices of multiple commodities or a broad-based commodity index.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;· **ON THE OBSERVATION DATE, THE COPPER PRICE IS DETERMINED BY REFERENCE TO THE OFFICIAL CASH SETTLEMENT PRICE OF COPPER AS DETERMINED BY THE LME, AND THERE ARE CERTAIN RISKS RELATING TO THE COPPER PRICE BEING DETERMINED BY THE LME** — The Commodity Price of copper will be determined by reference to the official cash settlement price
of copper as determined by the LME. The LME is a principals' market that operates in a manner more closely analogous to the over-the-counter
physical commodity markets than regulated futures markets. For example, there are no daily price limits on the LME, which would otherwise
restrict the extent of daily fluctuations in the prices of LME contracts. In an increasing market, therefore, it is possible that prices
would continue to increase without limitation within a trading day or over a period of trading days. In addition, a contract may be entered
into on the LME calling for delivery on any day from one day to three months following the date of that contract and for monthly delivery
up to 123 months forward following that third month, in contrast to trading on futures exchanges, which call for delivery in stated delivery
months. As a result, there may be a greater risk of a concentration of positions in LME contracts on particular delivery dates, which
in turn could cause temporary aberrations in the prices of LME contracts for certain delivery dates. If such aberrations occur during
the term of the notes, the official cash settlement prices of copper

JPMorgan Structured Investments — PS-7 <br> Digital Notes Linked Inversely to a Grade A Copper

and, consequently, the Inverse Commodity Return, could be adversely affected. The LME has no obligation to consider your interests in calculating or revising the official cash settlement price of copper.

JPMorgan Structured Investments — PS-8 <br> Digital Notes Linked Inversely to a Grade A Copper

**Historical Information**

The following graph sets forth the historical weekly performance of the Commodity from January 3, 2020 through July 18, 2025. The Commodity Price on July 23, 2025 was $9,862.00.

We obtained the Commodity Prices above and below from Bloomberg, without independent verification. The historical Commodity Prices should not be taken as an indication of future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the Commodity Price on the Observation Date. There can be no assurance that the performance of the Commodity will result in the return of any of your principal amount.

![](image_002.jpg)

**The Estimated Value of the Notes**

The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates' view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance, operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market prices of the notes. For additional information, see "Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an Internal Funding Rate" in this pricing supplement. The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on various other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, interest rates and other factors, as well as assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is determined when the terms of the notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that time. See "Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Does Not Represent Future Values of the Notes and May Differ from Others' Estimates" in this pricing supplement.

The estimated value of the notes will be lower than the original issue price of the notes because costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions paid to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes. Because hedging our obligations entails risk and may be influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging may result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or it may result in a loss. We or one or more of our affiliates will retain any profits realized in hedging our obligations under the notes. See "Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Estimated Value of the Notes Will Be Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public) of the Notes" in this pricing supplement.

JPMorgan Structured Investments — PS-9 <br> Digital Notes Linked Inversely to a Grade A Copper

**Secondary Market Prices of the Notes**

For information about factors that will impact any secondary market prices of the notes, see "Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — Secondary Market Prices of the Notes Will Be Impacted by Many Economic and Market Factors" in this pricing supplement. In addition, we generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period that is intended to be the shorter of six months and one-half of the stated term of the notes. The length of any such initial period reflects the structure of the notes, whether our affiliates expect to earn a profit in connection with our hedging activities, the estimated costs of hedging the notes and when these costs are incurred, as determined by our affiliates. See "Selected Risk Considerations — Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes — The Value of the Notes as Published by JPMS (and Which May Be Reflected on Customer Account Statements) May Be Higher Than the Then-Current Estimated Value of the Notes for a Limited Time Period."

**Supplemental Use of Proceeds**

The notes are offered to meet investor demand for products that reflect the risk-return profile and market exposure provided by the notes. See "What Is the Total Return on the Notes at Maturity, Assuming a Range of Performances for the Commodity?" and "Hypothetical Examples of Amount Payable at Maturity" in this pricing supplement for an illustration of the risk-return profile of the notes and "Selected Purchase Considerations — Return Linked to the Performance of Copper" in this pricing supplement for a description of the market exposure provided by the notes.

The original issue price of the notes is equal to the estimated value of the notes plus the selling commissions paid to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, plus (minus) the projected profits (losses) that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes, plus the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes.

JPMorgan Structured Investments — PS-10 <br> Digital Notes Linked Inversely to a Grade A Copper