# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001123494
**File Stem:** 0001171843-26-004037
**Filing Date:** 2026-6
**Character Count:** 23573
**Document Hash:** 7e9f4b9b8d4f300afe4f4e1574276db7
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001171843-26-004037.hdr.sgml**: 20260622

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001171843-26-004037

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: S-8

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 14

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260610

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260610

**EFFECTIVENESS DATE**: 20260610

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** HARVARD BIOSCIENCE INC
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001123494
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** LABORATORY ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS [3826]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 08 Industrial Applications and Services
- **EIN:** 043306140
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** S-8
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-296670
- **FILM NUMBER:** 261079763

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 84 OCTOBER HILL RD
- **CITY:** HOLLISTON
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 01746
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 5088938999

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 84 OCTOBER HILL ROAD
- **CITY:** HOLLISTON
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 01746

**As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 10, 2026**

**Registration No. 333-_____**

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549**

**FORM S-8**

**REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933**

**HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.**

**(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
|  **Delaware** | **04-3306140** |
|  **(State or other jurisdiction of**<br> **incorporation or organization)** | **(I.R.S. Employer**<br> **Identification Number)** |

---

**84 October Hill Road**

**Holliston, Massachusetts 01746**

**(508) 893-8999**

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)

**HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC. EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN**

**And** 

**AMENDED and RESTATED 2021 INCENTIVE PLAN**

**(Full Titles of the Plans)**

**John Duke, Chief Executive Officer**

**HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC.**

**84 October Hill Road**

**Holliston, Massachusetts 01746**

**(508) 893-8999**

**(Name, address, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)**

***With copies to:***

**Megan Gates**

**Covington & Burling LLP**

**One International Place, Suite 1020** 

**Boston, Massachusetts 02110-2627** 

**Tel: (617) 603-8800**

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ <br> Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ <br> Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act ☐

**EXPLANATORY NOTE AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF PRIOR REGISTRATION STATEMENTS**

This Registration Statement is filed by Harvard Bioscience, Inc. (the "Registrant") for the purpose of registering, pursuant to General Instruction E to Form S-8: (i) 120,000 additional shares of the Registrant's common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock") under Amendment No. 6 to the Harvard Bioscience, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (as amended, the "ESPP") and (ii) 400,000 additional shares of the Registrant's Common Stock under the Amended and Restated 2021 Incentive Plan (as amended, the "2021 Plan").

On April 21, 2026, the Registrant filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") a definitive proxy statement that included proposals to, among other things, increase the number of shares available for issuance under the ESPP by 120,000 shares of Common Stock and increase the number of shares available for issuance under the 2021 Plan by 400,000 shares of Common Stock. The proposals to increase the numbers of shares available for issuance under the ESPP and 2021 Plan were approved by the Registrant's stockholders on June 2, 2026. This Registration Statement registers the 120,000 additional shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the ESPP and 400,000 additional shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan.

The additional 120,000 shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the ESPP and the additional 400,000 shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan registered pursuant to this Registration Statement are the same class of shares as those included on registration statements on Form S-8, and post-effective amendments thereto, filed on January 17, 2001 (File No. 333-53848), June 15, 2001 (File No. 333-53848), June 7, 2013 (File No. 333-189175), June 5, 2017 (File No. 333-218497), May 30, 2019 (File No. 333-231825), May 19, 2021 (File No. 256295), and June 8, 2022 (File No. 333- 265487). The contents of all of these Registration Statements, including any amendments thereto or filings incorporated therein, are incorporated herein by reference, except as modified herein.

**PART II**

**INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT**

**Item 3. Incorporation of Documents by Reference.**

The Registrant is subject to the informational and reporting requirements of Sections 13(a), 14 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and in accordance therewith files reports, proxy statements and other information with the Commission. The following documents, which are on file with the Commission, are hereby incorporated by reference in, and shall be deemed a part of, this Registration Statement (other than any such documents or portions thereof that are furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K, unless otherwise indicated therein, including any exhibits included with such Items):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The
 Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 filed
 with the Commission on [March 13, 2026](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326001548/hbio20251231_10k.htm) ;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The
 Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Commission on [April 21, 2026](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326002617/hbio20260420_def14a.htm) ;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) The
 Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 filed
 with the Commission on [May 12, 2026](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326003311/hbio20260331_10q.htm) ;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) The
 Registrant's Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on [January 20, 2026](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326000343/f8k_012026.htm) , [January 29, 2026](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326000516/f8k_012326.htm) , [March 6, 2026](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326001384/f8k_030526.htm) , [March 10, 2026](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326001447/f8k_031026.htm) , [March 12, 2026](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326001504/f8k_031226.htm) , and [June 2, 2026](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326003877/f8k_060226.htm) ; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) The
description of the Registrant's Common Stock contained in the Registrant's registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 000-31923)
filed with the Commission on November 9, 2000 under the Exchange Act, including any amendment or report
filed for the purpose of updating such description.

All documents subsequently filed by the Registrant pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act, prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered hereby have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement and to be part hereof from the date of the filing of such documents. The Registrant is not, however, incorporating by reference any documents or portions thereof, whether specifically listed above or filed in the future, that are not deemed "filed" with the Commission, including any information furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K or related exhibits furnished pursuant to Item 9.01 of Form 8-K.

Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for the purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Registration Statement. Under no circumstances will any information furnished under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K be deemed incorporated by reference unless such Current Report on Form 8-K expressly provides to the contrary.

**EXHIBIT INDEX**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br> **Number** | **Description** |
| 4.1<sup>(1)</sup> | [Specimen certificate for shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of Harvard Bioscience, Inc.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000091205700047957/a2029062zex-4_1.txt) |
| 4.2<sup>(2)</sup> | [Harvard Bioscience, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended.](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326003877/exh_102.htm) |
| 4.3<sup>(3)</sup> | [Amended and Restated 2021 Incentive Plan](https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1123494/000117184326002617/hbio20260420_def14a.htm) |
| 5.1\* | [Opinion of Covington & Burling LLP.](exh_51.htm) |
| 23.1\* | [Consent of Grant Thornton LLP.](exh_231.htm) |
| 23.2\* | [Consent of Covington & Burling LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1).](exh_51.htm) |
| 24.1\* | [Power of attorney (included on the signature page to this Registration Statement).](#a_001) |
| 107\* | [Filing Fee Table](exh_107.htm) |

---

\* Filed herewith.

<sup>(1)</sup> Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (File No. 333-45996) (filed on November 9, 2000) and incorporated by reference thereto.

 

<sup>(2)</sup> Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (filed on June 2, 2026) and incorporated by reference thereto.

<sup>(3)</sup> Previously filed as Annex B to the Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A (filed on April 21, 2026) and incorporated by reference thereto.

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Town of Holliston, Massachusetts, on this 10<sup>th</sup> day of June, 2026.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC. | HARVARD BIOSCIENCE, INC. |
| By: | /s/ JOHN DUKE |
|  | *John Duke, Chief Executive Officer* |

---

**POWER OF ATTORNEY**

KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENTS that each individual whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of John Duke and Mark Frost as such person's true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such person in such person's name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement (or any registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as such person might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that any said attorney-in-fact and agent, or any substitute or substitutes of any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated. Each person listed below has signed this registration statement as an officer or director of Harvard Bioscience, Inc.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Signature** | **Title** | **Date** |
| /s/ John Duke | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | June 10, 2026 |
| John Duke | (Principal Executive Officer) |  |
| /s/ Mark Frost | Chief Financial Officer | June 10, 2026 |
| Mark Frost | (Principal Financial Officer and Accounting Officer) |  |
| /s/ Katherine A. Eade | Director | June 10, 2026 |
| Katherine A. Eade |  |  |
| /s/ Robert Gagnon | Director | June 10, 2026 |
| Robert Gagnon |  |  |
| /s/ Seth Benson | Director | June 10, 2026 |
| Seth Benson |  |  |
| /s/ Stephen DeNelsky | Director | June 10, 2026 |
| Stephen DeNelsky |  |  |
| /s/ William Snider | Director | June 10, 2026 |
| William Snider |  |  |

---

## Exhibit 5.1

**Exhibit 5.1**

June 10, 2026

Harvard Bioscience, Inc.<br> 84 October Hill Road<br> Holliston, Massachusetts 01746

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to Harvard Bioscience, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and are rendering this opinion in connection with the registration by the Company under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Act"), of the offer and sale of (i) 400,000 shares (the " 2021 Plan Shares") of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock") issuable under the Company's Amended and Restated 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan") and (ii) 120,000 shares (the "ESPP Shares", and together with the 2021 Plan Shares, the "Shares") of the Company's Common Stock issuable under the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (the "ESPP"), pursuant to the registration statement on Form S-8 being filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Registration Statement").

We have reviewed the 2021 Plan, the ESPP, the Registration Statement and such corporate records, certificates and other documents, and such questions of law, as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for the purposes of this opinion. We have assumed that all signatures are genuine, that all documents submitted to us as originals are authentic and that all copies of documents submitted to us conform to the originals.

We have assumed that the Shares will be duly registered on the books of the transfer agent and registrar of the Common Stock and that the Company will comply with applicable notice requirements regarding uncertificated shares provided under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL").

We have assumed further that, except as to legal conclusions expressly set forth in this opinion, the information and representations and warranties contained in the agreements, instruments, records, certificates and other documents we reviewed were true, accurate and complete as of their stated date and are true, accurate and complete as of the date of this letter.

We have relied as to certain matters on information obtained from public officials, officers of the Company and other sources believed by us to be responsible.

Based upon the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the terms of the Company's Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and in accordance with, as applicable, the 2021 Plan, the ESPP and any individual agreements relating to such Shares, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

We are members of the bar of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. We do not express any opinion herein on any laws other than the DGCL.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act.

---

| |
|:---|
| Very truly yours, |
| /s/ Covington & Burling LLP |

---

## Exhibit 23.1

**Exhibit 23.1**

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We have issued our report dated March 13, 2026 with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Harvard Bioscience, Inc., included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, which is incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement. We consent to the incorporation by reference of the aforementioned report in this Registration Statement.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

Hartford, Connecticut

June 10, 2026

## Ex-Filing

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? EX-FILING FEES

**Exhibit 107**

---

| |
|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Calculation of Filing Fee Tables**  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **S-8**  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **HARVARD BIOSCIENCE INC**  |

---

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| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Security Type**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Security Class Title**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Calculation Rule**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Amount Registered**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Maximum Aggregate Offering Price**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Fee Rate**  | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Amount of Registration Fee**  |
| 1 | Equity | Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | Other | 400000 | $6.38 | $2552000.00 | 0.0001381 | $352.43 |
| 2 | Equity | Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | Other | 120000 | $6.38 | $765600.00 | 0.0001381 | $105.73 |
| Total Offering Amounts: | Total Offering Amounts: | Total Offering Amounts: | Total Offering Amounts: | Total Offering Amounts: |  | $3317600.00  |  | $458.16  |
| Total Fee Offsets:  | Total Fee Offsets:  | Total Fee Offsets:  | Total Fee Offsets:  | Total Fee Offsets:  |  |  |  | $0.00  |
| Net Fee Due:  | Net Fee Due:  | Net Fee Due:  | Net Fee Due:  | Net Fee Due:  |  |  |  | $458.16  |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; **Offering Note** <br>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <sup>1</sup> (1) Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), this registration statement also covers such an indeterminate amount of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock"), as may become issuable to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends and similar events. (2) The amount registered consists of up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Registrant's Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended. (3) The proposed maximum offering price per unit is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, based on the average of the high and low prices of the shares of Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on June 4, 2026 (such date being within five business days of the date that this registration statement was first filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <sup>2</sup> (1) Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), this registration statement also covers such an indeterminate amount of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Common Stock"), as may become issuable to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends and similar events. (2) The The amount registered consists of up to 120,000 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2021 Incentive Plan. (3) The proposed maximum offering price per unit is estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, based on the average of the high and low prices of the shares of Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on June 4, 2026 (such date being within five business days of the date that this registration statement was first filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act).

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| |
|:---|
| |
| **Rule 457(p)** |
| Fee Offset Claims |
| Fee Offset Sources |

---