# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001923891
**File Stem:** 0001641172-25-021064
**Filing Date:** 2025-7
**Character Count:** 566532
**Document Hash:** 4278c5c4178eb50a9eeff774c0287769
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001641172-25-021064.hdr.sgml**: 20250725

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001641172-25-021064

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: S-3

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 17

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250725

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250725

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001923891
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** ELECTRIC SERVICES [4911]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 01 Energy & Transportation
- **EIN:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** NV
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 0930

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** S-3
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-288982
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251152494

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 10 TIMES SQUARE
- **STREET 2:** 30TH FLOOR
- **CITY:** NEW YORK
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 10018
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 6046875792

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 10 TIMES SQUARE
- **STREET 2:** 30TH FLOOR
- **CITY:** NEW YORK
- **STATE:** NY
- **ZIP:** 10018

**As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 25, 2025**

**Registration No. 333-[●]**

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM S-3**

**REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933**

**NANO NUCLEAR ENERGY INC.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Nevada** | **4911** | **88-0861977** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (Primary Standard Industrial | (I.R.S. Employer |
| incorporation or organization) | Classification Code Number) | Identification Number) |

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**10 Times Square, 30<sup>th</sup> Floor**

**New York, NY 10018<br> Telephone: (212) 634-9206**

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)

**James Walker**

**Chief Executive Officer**

**Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.**

**10 Times Square, 30<sup>th</sup> Floor**

**New York, NY 10018<br> Telephone: (212) 634-9206**

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Please send a copy of all communications to:

**Richard I. Anslow, Esq.**

**Lawrence A. Rosenbloom, Esq.**

**Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP**

**1345 Avenue of the Americas**

**New York, NY 10105**

**Tel: (212) 370-1300**

Approximate date of commencement proposed sale to the public: from time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. **☒**

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer **☒** | Smaller reporting company **☒** |
|  | Emerging growth company **☒** |
| <br> If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐ | <br> If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐ |

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**The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.**

**EXPLANATORY NOTE**

This registration statement contains two prospectuses:

● a base prospectus for the purpose of implementing a "shelf" registration process, which covers the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to $620,000,000 of our common stock (including the $400,000,000 "at-the-market" offering program as described below), preferred stock, purchase contracts, warrants, subscriptions rights, depositary shares, debt securities and/or units from time to time in one or more offerings; and

● a sales agreement prospectus for the purpose of implementing a $400,000,000 "at-the-market" offering program under the shelf registration statement pursuant to a sales agreement with TD Securities (USA) LLC ("TD Cowen"), UBS Securities LLC and Piper Sandler & Co. (each a "Sales Agent" and together, the "Sales Agents").

The base prospectus immediately follows after this explanatory note. The specific terms of any securities to be offered pursuant to the base prospectus will be set forth in one or more prospectus supplements to the base prospectus.

The sales agreement prospectus for the $400,000,000 "at-the-market" offering program immediately follows after the base prospectus. The $400,000,000 of common stock that may be offered, issued and sold by us under the sales agreement prospectus is included in the $620,000,000 of securities that may be offered, issued and sold by us under the base prospectus. Upon termination of the sales agreement, any portion of the $400,000,000 included in the sales agreement prospectus that is not sold pursuant to the sales agreement prospectus will be available for sale in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus and corresponding prospectus supplements, and if no shares are sold under the sales agreement prospectus, the full $620,000,000 of securities may be sold in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus and any corresponding prospectus supplements.

The sales agreement prospectus includes the base prospectus, except that the sales agreement prospectus contains a different front and back cover page and sets forth additional information in the sections titled "About This Prospectus," "The Offering," "Risk Factors," "Use of Proceeds," "Dilution," "Plan of Distribution" and "Legal Matters."

**The information contained in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. No securities may be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS** | **SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 25, 2025** |

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**$620,000,000**

**COMMON STOCK**

**PREFERRED STOCK**

**PURCHASE CONTRACTS**

**WARRANTS**

**SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS**

**DEPOSITARY SHARES**

**DEBT SECURITIES**

**UNITS**

We may offer and sell from time to time, in one or more series, any one of the following securities of Nano Nuclear Energy Inc. (the "Company," "we," "us" or "our"), for total gross proceeds of up to $620,000,000:

● common stock, par value $0.0001 per share ("common stock");

● preferred stock;

● purchase contracts;

● warrants to purchase our securities;

● subscription rights to purchase our securities;

● depositary shares;

● secured or unsecured debt securities consisting of notes, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness, which may include senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities, each of which may be convertible into equity securities; or

● units comprised of, or other combinations of, the foregoing securities.

We may offer and sell these securities separately or together, in one or more series or classes and in amounts, at prices and on terms described in one or more offerings. We may offer securities through underwriting syndicates managed or co-managed by one or more underwriters or dealers, through agents, directly to purchasers or through a combination of these methods, on a continuous or delayed basis. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such underwriters, dealers or agents and any applicable fees, commissions, discounts or options to purchase additional shares to be provided to them will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The prospectus supplement for each offering of securities will describe in detail the plan of distribution for that offering. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from such a sale will also be set forth in the prospectus supplement. For general information about the distribution of securities offered, please see "Plan of Distribution" in this prospectus.

This prospectus describes the general terms of these securities and the general manner in which these securities will be offered. Each time our securities are offered, we will provide a prospectus supplement containing more specific information about the particular offering and attach it to this prospectus. The prospectus supplements may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses, as well as any documents incorporated by reference, before purchasing any of the securities being offered.

**This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell securities without a prospectus supplement that includes a description of the method and terms of the offering.**

Our common stock is listed on the Capital Market tier of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") under the symbol "NNE." The last reported sale price of our common stock on July 22, 2025 was $34.25 per share. Prospective purchasers of our securities are urged to obtain current information as to the market prices of our securities, where applicable.

If we decide to seek a listing of any preferred stock, purchase contracts, warrants, subscriptions rights, depositary shares, debt securities or units offered by this prospectus, the related prospectus supplement will disclose the exchange or market on which the securities will be listed, if any, or where we have applied for listing, if anywhere.

***An investment in the securities offered through this prospectus is speculative and involves a high degree of risk.* You should carefully consider the risk factors beginning on page 15 of this prospectus and the risk factors in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference herein, as well as the risk factors in our other recently filed quarterly and current reports incorporated by reference herein, and in the relevant prospectus supplements. We urge you to carefully read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses, as well as any documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus amendments or supplements, before investing.**

**Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

**The date of this prospectus is [●], 2025.**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page** |
| [About This Prospectus](#a_001) | 1 |
| [Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements](#a_002) | 2 |
| [Industry and Market Data](#a_003) | 3 |
| [Trademarks](#a_004) | 3 |
| [Prospectus Summary](#a_005) | 4 |
| [Risk Factors](#a_006) | 15 |
| [Use of Proceeds](#a_007) | 15 |
| [Description of Securities We May Offer](#a_009) | 16 |
| [Forms of Securities](#a_010) | 16 |
| [Plan of Distribution](#RMa_001) | 28 |
| [Legal Matters](#RMa_002) | 30 |
| [Experts](#RMa_003) | 30 |
| [Where You Can Find More Information](#RMa_004) | 30 |
| [Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference](#RMa_005) | 30 |

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i

**ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS**

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, employing a "shelf" registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer and sell, either individually or in combination, in one or more offerings, any of the securities described in this prospectus, for total gross proceeds of up to $620,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer securities under this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain more specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus that we may authorize may also add, update or change any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents that we have incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

We urge you to read carefully this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses, as well as any documents incorporated by reference as described under the heading "Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference," before investing in any of the securities being offered. You should rely only on the information contained in, or incorporated by reference in, this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, along with the information contained in any related free writing prospectuses. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information.

This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, and only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The distribution of this prospectus and the offering of securities in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

The information appearing in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses is accurate only as of the date on the front of such document and any information we have incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of a security. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. To the extent there are inconsistencies between any prospectus supplement, this prospectus and any documents incorporated by reference, the document with the most recent date will control.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the section entitled "Where You Can Find More Information" and "Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference." The representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreement, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

**CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS**

The information in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectuses, together with any information incorporated by reference in this prospectus and such prospectus supplement, contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, market growth, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as "may," "will," "could," "would," "expect," "anticipate," "aim," "estimate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "is/are likely to," "potential," "project," "target," "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements may contain these words. Forward-looking statements are only predictions and are based largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we reasonably believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual outcomes could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change given the inherent risks and uncertainties of market and industry conditions.

Forward-looking statements are neither predictions nor guarantees of future outcomes. Forward-looking statements present estimates and assumptions only as of the date on the cover of the document in which they are contained, and are subject to significant known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Accordingly, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the dates on which they are made. Important factors that could cause actual outcomes to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those summarized below:

● Our ability to design, develop, manufacture, demonstrate, obtain regulatory approval for and ultimately sell our proposed nuclear reactors or other products, technologies or services we are developing.

● Our ability to source or internally develop the necessary fuel supply chain to power our next generation of advanced nuclear reactors.

● Our ability to source or internally develop the required transportation capabilities to move our reactors, their fuel, and other special materials critical to the commercial deployment of our reactor systems.

● Our ability to build internally, and to externally provide, nuclear service support and consultation services for the expanding and resurgent nuclear energy industry, both domestically and internationally.

● Our ability to source, retain, and expand our technical and business staff to meet the demands of our expanding and diversifying business.

● Our ability to raise the substantial amount of additional funds that will be necessary for our business to succeed, which funds may not be available on acceptable terms or available at all.

● Assumptions relating to the size of the market for our nuclear reactors or other products, technologies or services we are developing.

● Our ability to navigate the complex and time-consuming nuclear regulatory regimes in the jurisdictions we operate, including unanticipated regulations or regulatory failures that could add barriers, time and cost to our business plans.

● Our estimates of future expenses, capital requirements, revenue potential and our needs for, or ability to obtain, additional financing.

● Our status as an early-stage pre-revenue company in a rapidly evolving and complex industry with a business model that is still being developed and is largely untested.

● Our ability to avoid a significant disruption in our information technology system, including security breaches, or our ability to implement new system and software successfully.

● Our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our products.

● The other forward-looking statements regarding our company and its prospects included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus including, without limitation, those under "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and "Business" as such factors may be updated from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.

The foregoing does not represent an exhaustive list of matters that may be covered by the forward-looking statements contained herein or risk factors that we are faced with. Forward-looking statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties, and our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. All written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained above and throughout this prospectus. Prior to investing in our common stock, you should read this prospectus, our filings incorporated by reference herein and the documents we have filed as exhibits to this registration statement of which this prospectus is a part completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we currently expect.

Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

**INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA**

Unless otherwise indicated, data concerning economic conditions, our industry, our markets and our competitive position are based on a variety of sources, including information from third-party industry analysts, publications, surveys and forecasts and our own estimates and research. These data involve a number of assumptions, estimates and limitations. Industry publications, surveys and forecasts and other public information generally indicate or suggest that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. None of the third-party industry data used in this prospectus were prepared on our behalf. The industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in "Risk Factors". These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these data.

**TRADEMARKS**

We own or have rights to trademarks or trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our businesses, our corporate names, logos and websites. We may make references to our trademarks and service marks, and to those belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to may appear without® or <sup>™</sup> or similar symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent possible under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies' trade names, trademarks, or service marks to imply a relationship with, or an endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies. All other trademarks and service marks are the property of their respective owners.

**PROSPECTUS SUMMARY**

*This summary highlights certain information appearing elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the shares offered hereby and it is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information appearing elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This summary contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements about our plans, objectives, expectations, assumptions, or future events. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" before you decide to invest in our common stock, you should also read the entire prospectus carefully, including "Risk Factors" beginning on page 15, "Summary of Consolidated Financial Information" beginning on page 11, and the financial statements and related notes included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.*

*Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used in this prospectus, the terms "we," "us," "our," "our company," "Nano Nuclear" and "our business" refer to Nano Nuclear Energy Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.*

**Overview**

We are an early-stage nuclear energy company, developing smaller, cheaper, and safer advanced clean energy solutions, utilizing proprietary reactor designs, intellectual property, and research methods, to contribute towards a sustainable future. Led by a world class scientific and management team, our business plan involves comprehensive engagement across every sector of the nuclear power and energy industry, traversing the path from sourcing raw materials through to developing cutting edge advanced nuclear microreactors. Our dedication extends further, encompassing ambitions within the commercial nuclear fuel transportation sector, the nuclear energy fuel supply chain, technology development, and nuclear consulting services.

Currently, we are in the pre-revenue stage and are principally focused on four business lines as part of our development strategy:

●  ***Nuclear Reactor Business*** . We are developing the next generation of advanced nuclear microreactors, in particular (i) the fixed installation **KRONOS MMR™ Energy System**, (ii) **ZEUS**, a portable modular solid core battery reactor, (iii) **ODIN**, a portable modular low-pressure coolant reactor, and (iv) the space focused, portable **LOKI MMR™**. Through the collaboration of our world-renowned nuclear scientists and engineers, the U.S. national nuclear laboratories, and government support, we believe our reactors will have the potential to impact the global energy landscape. Our goal is to commercially launch one of these products in the early 2030s.

 On January 10, 2025, we closed the asset acquisition of the KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> Energy System and the LOKI MMR<sup>™</sup> from Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation ("USNC"). These assets include certain contracts, intellectual property rights, prior demonstration projects, and pursuant to an arrangement with an affiliated entity described below, the equity interests of a Canadian entity, free and clear of any liens other than certain specified liabilities of USNC that were assumed, for a total purchase price of $8.5 million in cash through an auction conducted pursuant to Section 363 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in connection with USNC's pending Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings. We consider this purchase price to be advantageous for us as we believe based on publicly available information that USNC raised over $120 million for the development of the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System and that a major data center operator had conducted due diligence on the project while it was being developed by USNC. On December 18, 2024, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, the Bankruptcy Court overseeing USNC's bankruptcy held a hearing where it approved the sale of the USNC Assets to us. The KRONOS and LOKI assets purchased from USNC included five contracts with third-party collaborators, 38 issued, pending or published patents, 16 registered, pending or published trademarks, and any other technology and intellectual property related to the acquired businesses, rights related to a demonstration project related to the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System in the United States and the business records of the acquired businesses and related confidentiality rights. We acquired these assets through two new wholly owned subsidiaries incorporated in Nevada. The acquired assets also included certain Canadian assets (the "Canadian Assets"), including three contracts with Canadian authorities, the equity interests of a Canadian partnership and rights related to a demonstration project related to the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System in Canada, the transfer of which need the consent of certain Canadian governmental entities (the "Canadian Consents"), with an escrow of $250,000 deposited at the closing securing the Canadian Consents. If the Canadian Consents are not received within 90 days after the closing, we shall have the right to terminate the acquisition of the Canadian Assets and receive the return of $250,000 held in escrow. To better facilitate the Canadian Consents and to continue diligence of the Canadian partnership and other Canadian Assets, our disinterested directors unanimously approved the assignment of our rights to the Canadian Assets to Jay Jiang Yu, our founder, President, Secretary and Treasurer, and Chairman of the Board, and certain Canadian entities owned or controlled by Mr. Yu (the "Yu Entities"). In exchange, on January 10, 2025, the Company entered into an option agreement ("Yu Option Agreement") with Mr. Yu and Yu Entities, pursuant to which the Company received an option back from Mr. Yu and the Yu Entities to acquire for nominal consideration, for a period of five years beginning with the receipt by the Yu Entities of the Canadian Assets upon receiving the Canadian Consents, any or all of the equity interests of the Yu Entities or the Canadian partnership, the other Canadian Assets or the material assets and business of the Canadian partnership. As of the date of this prospectus, while we are operating as the successor to the Canadian Assets in terms of discussions with Canadian authorities and third parties as well as planning activities, we and the Yu Entities are continuing to ascertain the ideal structure for our formal acquisition of the Canadian Assets.

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| The KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> reactor targets new markets beyond those targeted by our smaller microreactors, which are designed for more remote locations, such as island and remote communities, remote industry such as mining projects or oil and gas. The KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> reactor will target larger population centers, industrial heat for larger industries, data and artificial intelligence centers for the tech industry, and LOKI MMR<sup>™</sup> will target extra-terrestrial applications. In early April 2025, we signed a strategic collaboration with the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign ("UIUC") to construct the first KRONOS MMR™ Energy System research reactor on the university's campus. In mid-April 2025, we launched a recruitment initiative focused on the Midwest region to support our ambitious plans to construct, demonstrate and gain regulatory approval for full-scale KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> Energy System in both the United States and Canada. In late April 2025, the NRC issued its final Safety Evaluation (SE) approving the Fuel Qualification Methodology Topical Report (FQM TR) for the advanced fuel design to be used in our stationary KRONOS MMR™ Energy System. The diversity of products positions us to capitalize on growing financial investment and societal momentum driving advanced nuclear energy technologies on a global scale across multiple different areas. We will leverage our world-class technical team to analyze and optimize these technologies, key components, and intellectual property, before integrating them into its operational frameworks and ongoing innovative efforts. We also intend to build upon and strengthen the extensive industry relationships that USNC established during its operations, including those with UIUC and the Canadian Government to build prototype reactors. Once operational in the future, our plan is to be able to sell a majority of the energy produced at the UIUC KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> reactor, with UIUC retaining a portion for its own use. |
| Our ZEUS and ODIN microreactors have moved from the design stages to physical test work stages, with materials testing, irradiation testing, and initial rig construction currently underway, to ensure the accuracy of our modelled reactors and to optimize the dimensions and composition of the systems. We have conducted and completed external design audits on both the ZEUS and ODIN reactor designs to provide external validation for our designs. The design audits for the reactors were conducted and completed by the Idaho National Laboratory ("INL"). We have communicated with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC") and Department of Energy ("DOE"), informing them of the status of our microreactor designs and the estimated internal timelines for our microreactor developments, with an understanding that definite timelines will be provided once available, to allow the NRC to arrange the necessary personnel to oversee the microreactor licensing process. We increased the size of the technical teams during 2024 and 2025 to expedite the development of the reactor systems, as well as recruiting former NRC personnel to oversee our regulatory licensing processes, and to engage directly with the NRC to facilitate the commercialization planning. In January 2025, we announced that we had contracted with Thermal Engineering International (TEi), a Babcock Power Inc.<sup>®</sup> company, to advance the design and fabrication of several heat exchangers for use in our ODIN microreactor in development. In March 2025, six additional professionals, including Radwan Nassim Kheroua, Dr. Andrew Steer, James Leybourn, Simon Boddington, Luke Godfrey, and Jake Miles joined our U.K.-based nuclear science and engineering partner Cambridge AtomWorks, led by Professors Ian Farnan and Eugene Shwageraus. Cambridge AtomWorks personnel are leading the development of our ODIN microreactor. In March 2025, we announced that we had assembled the first reactor core hardware of our ZEUS microreactor for initial non-nuclear testing. Given our corporate emphasis on the KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> reactor and the fact that all of our reactor designs, except for ODIN, are high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, we are considering strategic alternatives for ODIN. These alternatives are intended to monetize our investment in the project to date and enable us to allocate more time and resources to the KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> reactor and our other designs and technologies. |

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In addition, in August 2024, we purchased a 14,000 sq. ft., 2-story building in Oak Ridge, Tennessee for $1.7 million to house our Nuclear Technology Headquarters. Michael Norato, Ph.D., an INL and DOE veteran, was appointed as our Director of Nuclear Facilities and Infrastructure in December 2024. Dr. Norato will oversee the construction, development and licensing of our key facilities, including our recently acquired 14,000 sq. ft. Oak Ridge, Tennessee Nuclear Technology Headquarters and future test bed reactor sites for experiments related to our ZEUS and ODIN microreactors currently in development. He will also lead the establishment of deconversion and fuel processing facilities, helping to further our goal of being a vertically integrated leader in the U.S. nuclear fuel cycle. We expect to increase the number of personnel working at the facility over the next year and expect to ultimately employ up to 30 personnel at the facility. We are also currently undertaking approximately $800,000 of renovation work on the facility as well.

 In January 2025, we entered into a lease for a facility in Westchester County, New York where we have established a purpose-built facility to assemble and demonstrate the operation and viability of several non-nuclear parts and components of our nuclear microreactors in development. In February 2025, we engaged aRobotics Company, a leading innovator in robotics fabrication, inspection, engineering and testing, to oversee the multimillion dollar build out of this facility. aRobotics has also assisted us with the fabrication of key components for the facility. We committed approximately $3 million to retrofit this facility. In May 2025, we announced the completion of our retrofit of our demonstration facility and the commencement of operations there. Our demonstration facility is currently supporting ongoing work on our SBIR Phase III project for our Annular Linear Induction Pump (ALIP) technology, which has been assembled onto a test loop and integrated to a controllable test setup for variable design validation at the facility. We anticipate commercializing ALIP by the end of 2025 or in 2026. In July 2025, we announced that we will provide critical engineering and environmental services for our planned construction and deployment activities at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) for our KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> Energy System. As part of this initiative, we have engaged AECOM, a global infrastructure leader, under a master services agreement to support site-specific engineering, environmental analysis and regulatory planning at UIUC. The agreement lays the groundwork for site-specific engineering in preparation for deploying the first KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> at UIUC, a globally recognized hub for nuclear research and innovation. Planned activities include detailed environmental reviews, regulatory pathway planning, and site drilling to obtain the geological data required for submitting a construction permit application to the NRC. We anticipate submitting our construction permit application to the NRC towards the end of 2025, or early 2026, and receiving the construction permit later in 2026. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet this anticipated timeline, as the submission is subject to the completion of ongoing technical, regulatory, and operational preparations, which may be affected by factors beyond our control. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this is expected to be the first construction permit for a microreactor issued in the United States. The permit application will not incur any government fees, as the KRONOS reactor, due to its location at UIUC, qualifies for a fee exemption under applicable regulations due to its use for research purposes. In tandem with upcoming geological characterization work at the UIUC site, we have launched a recruitment initiative focused on the Midwest region to support our plans to construct, demonstrate and gain regulatory approval for full-scale KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> in both the United States and Canada. This workforce build-out will consolidate the expertise and provide the personnel necessary to complete the construction permit application and begin construction of the first KRONOS prototype on the UIUC campus shortly thereafter. To support this effort, we are actively exploring the purchase of an office or facility in the greater Chicago area to house these personnel.

●  ***Fuel Processing Business*.** Through our subsidiary, HALEU Energy Fuel Inc., and in coordination with the DOE, we are seeking to develop a domestic low-enriched uranium (LEU) and high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) fuel supply chain to supply fuel not only for our own reactors but also to the broader advanced nuclear reactor industry. We have tentatively identified the site where we intend to construct the facilities and have begun to build the team to design and develop these facilities.

 We have also made a $2 million strategic investment in and entered into a collaboration with a laser-based uranium enrichment technology company, LIS Technologies Inc. ("LIST") (which is a related party), to support the development of their technology. Through this investment and related collaboration, we aim to assist in advancing LIST's technologies to secure a reliable low enriched uranium fuel supply for our future operations and the broader nuclear energy industry. The parties intend that LIST will provide us with enriched uranium hexafluoride (UF6) at no cost to be fabricated and sold to customers, with LIST to receive compensation as part of a profit-sharing arrangement to be agreed upon between the companies in the future. Through collaboration with LIST, we intend to construct the supporting facilities alongside LIST's enrichment facility, including the deconversion and fuel fabrication facilities, and conversion if necessary. We also leased 7,000 square feet of space at our Nuclear Technology Center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee to LIST. Our relationship with LIST is considered a related party transaction since certain of our executive directors and officers, including Jay Jiang Yu and Dr. Tsun Yee Law, also serve as directors and officers for LIST, and James Walker and Jaisun Garcha serve as consultants to LIST. Our investment in LIST was unanimously approved by all of our disinterested independent directors.

 In December 2024, we announced that LIST and our company were selected by the DOE to participate as one of six contract awardees in the DOE's Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU) Enrichment Acquisition Program ("LEU Acquisition Program"). Under the contract awarded to LIST, LIST was selected as the prime contractor, with our company as the key subcontractor bringing our technical and regulatory expertise in advanced nuclear solutions to the collaboration. LIST will oversee the development of the primary uranium enrichment processes using its novel laser technology, while our company will contribute towards development in the areas of fuel deconversion, fuel fabrication, and fuel transportation. The total overall amount appropriated under the LEU Acquisition Program across all six contract awardees is anticipated to be $3.4 billion, to be awarded by the DOE via agreed to task orders each having a minimum value of $2 million.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

●  ***Fuel Transportation Business*.** Our transportation business will build on existing work completed at INL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory ("ORNL") and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ("PNNL"), the world's premier U.S.-backed nuclear research facilities. We received an exclusive license for a high capacity HALEU fuel transportation basket design in April 2024, which will form the basis of a complete transportation system. This license grants us, as the licensee, exclusive rights for the use and development of the technology. In addition, the licensor is not permitted to license the technology to any other parties within the specified scope. We believe this technology is the most advanced concept in the United States for moving HALEU in commercial quantities. We are currently conducting work to modify the design to accommodate a variety of different fuel forms, so we are positioned to move fuel for both of our reactors and to enable us to provide transportation services to any nuclear company looking to move commercial quantities of fuel. In September 2024, we signed an agreement with GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service mbH ("GNS") to undertake a wide-ranging project to produce an optimized HALEU transportation system solution based on our exclusively licensed fuel transportation basket design. The GNS agreement encompasses a study for the transport of multiple HALEU nuclear fuel types, including uranium oxide, TRISO particles, uranium-zirconium hydride, uranium mononitride, and salt fuel for molten salt reactors, thus optimizing the quantity of material that can be transported and developing a conceptual package design that will accommodate the new basket design. We also seek to acquire assets and existing businesses within the nuclear transportation industry to possess our company with the capabilities to internally move the materials, reactors, and fuels inherent within a reactor deployment operation, although we have not entered into any definitive agreements as of the date of this reoffer prospectus. We intend to obtain NRC certification for our high-capacity HALEU transportation system to move commercial quantities of HALEU fuel around North America and internationally. If developed and commercialized, we believe this product will serve as the basis for a domestic HALEU transportation company capable of providing commercial quantities of HALEU fuel. We hope to put our fuel transportation business into operation by 2028. We have also brought on two former United Parcel Service (UPS) executives, one of which works for our fuel transportation subsidiary, with the other sitting on our Executive Advisory Board, to assist in growing the transportation business around our technology *.* **  In June 2025, we announced the signing of a memorandum of understanding with the Namibia Industrial Development Agency (NIDA) to explore collaborative opportunities focused on developing the domestic nuclear fuel supply chain infrastructure within the Republic of Namibia. This memorandum represents a shared vision between us and NIDA to add significant value to Namibia's uranium resources, support industrial development, and create new opportunities for Namibian citizens within the global nuclear energy market. Under the memorandum, we and NIDA will work together to evaluate opportunities related to the development of infrastructure, technology transfer, education, job creation, and local workforce development in support of Namibia's national nuclear energy development goals. NIDA will help coordinate government and stakeholder engagement, while we will lead assessments related to industrial capability, fuel logistics, and potential international nuclear fuel supply contracts for NIDA. In July 2025, we announced that we have signed a memorandum of understanding with UrAmerica Ltd. ("UrAmerica"), a private exploration company with a package of uranium and other critical metals licenses primarily in Chubut Province, Argentina. The newly signed memorandum formalizes the discussions that we initiated with UrAmerica to explore strategic development across Argentina's uranium-fuel supply chain. We are currently working together to evaluate specific opportunities, ranging from mining and conversion to UF₆ feedstock supply, that could aid us in securing a dependable source of material for future supply chain options. Such evaluations may lead to the signing of definitive agreements between us and UrAmerica related to particular projects. Through this memorandum, we and UrAmerica aim to build the mining and milling capacities of the uranium supply chain in Argentina with the intention to be a part of the uranium fuel cycle exports into the U.S. Under the memorandum, we will pursue (i) favorable uranium offtake agreements, (ii) potential investments in mineral production and (iii) fuel-cycle infrastructure, and (iv) future joint ventures or related collaboration. One of our goals in entering into the memorandum is to help modernize Argentina's nuclear sector while strengthening U.S. energy security by sourcing materials for nuclear fuel from a reliable partner.

●  ***Nuclear Consultation Services*.** We also plan on providing nuclear service support and consultation services for the expanding and resurgent nuclear energy industry, both domestically and internationally. This business opportunity represents our nearest term revenue generating opportunity. Our goal is to start providing nuclear service support and consultation services for the nuclear energy industry in 2025. As part of our domestic initiatives, following our collaboration with Digihost Technology Inc. ("Digihost") in December 2024, we provided consulting services to Digihost from April to June 2025, despite not having formally launched our consulting service offerings. Our consulting support contributed to the planning and execution of the Digihost project and included regulatory advice, site assessment, roadmap development, and stakeholder engagement. We are currently under discussion with Digihost about providing consulting services to them in future, but as of the date of this prospectus, we have not entered into any definitive agreement with them. We are also currently evaluating strategic acquisitions or collaborations to expand our business operations and formally establish our consulting services, and have commenced several material discussions with potential targets for such acquisitions or collaborations, but as of the date of this reoffer prospectus, we have not entered into any definitive agreements for such acquisitions or collaborations. In combination with our intention to acquire existing revenue generating consultancy businesses, we are focusing on building our own internal nuclear consultation business in coordination with certain outside academic institutions, which we anticipate would require approximately $2 million over the next twelve months to recruit additional staff and build corresponding infrastructure to be capable of providing these services.

**Our Mission**

Our mission is to become a commercially focused, diversified and vertically integrated nuclear energy company that will capture market share in the very large and growing nuclear energy sector. To implement our plans, since our founding in 2022, our management has had constant communications with key U.S. government agencies, including the DOE, the INL and ORNL, which are a part of the DOE's national nuclear laboratory system. Our company also maintains important collaborations with leading researchers from the Cambridge Nuclear Energy Centre and The University of California, Berkeley.

**Our Industry and Market**

We believe that the U.S. domestic nuclear energy sector is undergoing a renaissance that we believe we can capitalize on. Strong demand signals and investment support from the Tech Industry, combined with DOE programs intended to build back national nuclear infrastructure, have created positive market momentum and investor sentiment, which is further driving development and market forces within the nuclear energy industry.

We strongly support objectives of the DOE and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and we intend for our technology to form part of the U.S. foreign policy to advance the peaceful use of nuclear energy, science and technology, and drive new resources to projects and activities in developing countries with the greatest need. A key part of our business plan will seek to become a nuclear technology organization that can grow the U.S. global energy market engagement and concurrently support global market opportunities.

In 2021, the White House published a statement titled *"FACT SHEET: President Biden Sets 2030 Greenhouse Gas Pollution Reduction Target Aimed at Creating Good-Paying Union Jobs and Securing U.S. Leadership on Clean Energy Technologies."* On May 23, 2025, President Trump signed a series of executive orders aimed at accelerating the development and deployment of nuclear energy in the United States. These directives set forth a national objective to quadruple nuclear energy capacity by 2050 and direct federal agencies, including the DOE and the NRC, to implement policy reforms supporting the restart of shuttered plants, expedited licensing of new reactors, and expanded investment in advanced nuclear technologies such as small modular reactors (SMRs). The orders also emphasized strengthening the domestic uranium supply chain and supporting workforce development initiatives. These policy measures are expected to significantly impact the regulatory environment, capital access, and strategic direction of the nuclear energy sector.

The United States has taken numerous steps in recent years to reduce its dependence on carbon-emitting energy sources. The U.S. had previously set a goal to reach a 100% carbon pollution-free electricity system by 2035, and President Biden set a target of a 50 to 52% reduction from 2005 levels in economy-wide net greenhouse gas pollution by 2030, underlining the Biden administration's desire for new energy solutions which are at the core of our business plans. Additionally, the "net zero world" initiative signals the U.S.'s proactive stance in working with countries to lead a global transition to net zero emissions by 2050. While it remains unclear how the Trump administration will view the net world zero initiative, it has already voiced support for the advanced reactor industry and declared its intention to support the build back of the nuclear industry in the United States.

**Our Vision, Market Opportunity and Key Government Support**

We believe our achievements to date and our business plans are positioning our company to be a leading participant in the U.S. nuclear energy and technology industry through simultaneously rebuilding and introducing national capabilities to drive the resurgent nuclear energy industry. We further believe that our timing and approach into the industry have been optimal, with insight into national capability deficiencies and an understanding of the difficulties faced by other commercial nuclear energy, particularly microreactor, companies. Almost all microreactor companies have advanced using funds acquired from government grants or awards. Even with private funding, they have been stifled by lack of investor interest because of the long return timelines and high risks.

Despite the early stage of our company, we believe we are competitively differentiated in many ways.

●  ***Non-Dependent on Government Funding*** . Most small modular reactor (SMR) and microreactor companies are reliant on government grants and financing to progress their concepts. Consequently, their progress may cease once government funding is not available. Conversely, we do not rely on government funding to sustain our business operations.

●  ***Technical Insight*** . On the technical front, we have benefited from insight into the problems which affected earlier movers within the advanced reactor space. SMR companies have raised billions of dollars for development but have been stalled by needing to qualify fuel or coolants, or acquiring the fuel necessary to advance their reactors. This led to our investigations into de-risking our own fuel supply by pursuing development and investment into the fuel supply chain and examining our own fuel processing facility, as well as opting to use more conventional fuel with greater operational history. We believe we have identified certain problems affecting the industry and we are taking early action to surmount potential roadblocks.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

●  ***Government Contacts*** . Between 2024 and 2025, individuals with high placed government service and contacts joined our company. These include (i) John G. Vonglis, the former Chief Financial Officer of the DOE, who joined as our Executive Director of Global Government Affairs, (ii) Eric R. Oesterle, a former Branch Chief for Operating Reactor Licensing at the NRC, who joined as our Head of Microreactor Regulatory Licensing, (iii) David Tiktinsky, a forty year veteran of the NRC, who joined as our Head of Nuclear Regulatory Licensing and (iv) Dr. Seth Berl, a former Deputy Chief Data Officer at the DOE, who joined our board of directors. In addition, a number of former high-ranking military and government officials with significant experience in nuclear energy sit on our Executive Advisory Board. Our recruitment efforts were complemented by bringing in experts involved in every major part of the nuclear industry, from regulation to laboratories, to technical teams. We believe we will benefit from those government contacts as our company will be afforded access to highly skilled personnel possessing advanced expertise in the energy and nuclear sectors.

●  ***World Class Team*** . Our technical team is world class, with simple and realizable reactor concepts that do not require exotic fuels, and who are aware of all the difficulties faced by almost every other reactor company who has chosen designs which have complicated development and licensing. Our team has a deep knowledge of applicable regulatory requirements surrounding safety, transportation, and decommissioning, and our designs have incorporated all these considerations from the outset.

●  ***Government Initiatives*** . We believe that the U.S. government is increasingly showing strong support for nuclear energy through various initiatives aimed at advancing nuclear technology, all of which further our business plans and opportunities. This support has taken various forms, including legislation, grants, project funding and loan guarantees. Aside from the support for existing nuclear capabilities, all of these initiatives have the potential directly or indirectly to benefit and support our company.

**Our Competitive Strengths**

We believe we have the following competitive strengths relating to our various business lines:

*Nuclear Reactor Business.* Unlike other nuclear reactor companies, we are seeking to become a vertically integrated company with multiple streams of revenue, a diversified business to hedge against market changes, and greater control over industries supporting microreactor development, such as nuclear fuel and transportation. Our diversified business model will make us highly differentiated from other reactor companies. We believe we have an expertise advantage over other companies developing microreactors, as we can and have recruited some of the best scientists, engineers and professionals in the world from any country or institution, without being constrained by the available personnel located within certain academic and professional institutions. The technical personnel involved in the current design of our reactors have been involved with the design and development of dozens of different reactors.

*Fuel Processing Business.* We believe, based on our market research, that no SMR and microreactor company is currently developing an integrated fuel supply chain to produce the fuel for their reactors. Our strategy to develop fuel for our own reactors will also position us to supply fuel to the wider nuclear industry and other reactor manufacturers, addressing anticipated significant shortfalls in fuel supply.

*Fuel Transportation Business.* We identified a transportation concept which investigated a high capacity HALEU fuel transportation basket design, which was developed by INL, ORNL and PNNL, and funded by the DOE. The technology was pursued by DOE to create a full HALEU transportation package, which provided the most advanced solution to address the technological challenge of moving commercial quantities of HALEU fuel around North America. The development of this concept had not been continued by the DOE due to lack of funding. On April 3, 2024, we entered into the BEA License with BEA for this nuclear fuel transportation package, and have been working with the groups capable of aiding us in the development of the concept into an NRC certified and transportation package for the transportation of HALEU materials.

**Our Challenges**

We are a young company seeking to develop and launch an integrated nuclear energy business. Our efforts face and will continue to face many significant challenges, as our business involves complex nuclear technology, regulatory hurdles, and rapidly shifting market dynamics. These challenges include, but are not limited to, the following:

● Obtaining the necessary permits and licenses for nuclear reactors, facilities and transportation capabilities is time-consuming and expensive. Nuclear reactors must meet stringent safety and environmental standards, and gaining regulatory approval can be a lengthy endeavor. Additionally, ensuring the safety of a microreactor throughout its lifecycle is paramount. Developing, implementing, and maintaining robust safety systems and protocols are critical challenges. Implementing robust security measures to protect against theft, sabotage, or unauthorized access is also critical for both regulatory compliance and public safety.

● Building and operating a microreactor and our other nuclear energy-related technologies is very capital-intensive. Securing the necessary significant funding and managing costs, including but not limited to operational and maintenance costs, are ongoing challenges for our business.

● The political and regulatory landscape can change, impacting the stability and viability of nuclear projects. International agreements and geopolitical factors can also affect nuclear technology, access and export.

**Competition**

We face significant competition within our industry. Our competitors target similar power output ranges as we do and employ a range of technologies, including both adapted conventional technologies and novel nuclear reactor designs. In addition, we face competition outside the nuclear energy sector, including fossil fuel-based power generation, renewable energy sources, long duration energy storage solutions, and other nuclear reactor technologies. However, as described above in "Competitive Strengths", we believe we are positioned better than our competition to emerge as a leading supplier of carbon-free round the clock energy generation.

**Intellectual Property**

We have developed or acquired important intellectual property to protect our technologies.

As of the date of this prospectus, we have seven trademark applications pending before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

As of the date of this prospectus, we have six utility patent applications pending before the USPTO, and six corresponding utility patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) pending before the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), directed to various aspects of the ZEUS microreactor and power plant design. We also have a total of nine patent applications related to our acquired ALIP technology for small nuclear reactor cooling, which include four U.S. provisional applications, four U.S. utility applications, and one international PCT application. The U.S. utility applications are pending and awaiting examination by the USPTO, and the PCT application is awaiting national entry in about 18 months. Of the provisional applications, one remains pending and will expire in December 2025.

We also have an exclusive license for our fuel transportation technology, and intellectual property acquired from USNC, including 38 issued, pending or published patents, nine (reduced from 16 as of January 10, 2025 as we voluntarily abandoned seven) registered, pending or published trademarks, and any other technology and intellectual property related to the acquired businesses, rights related to a demonstration project related to the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System in the United States and the business records of the acquired businesses and related confidentiality rights.

**Corporate Information**

We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on February 8, 2022. Our principal executive office is located at 10 Times Square, 30<sup>th</sup> Floor, New York, NY 10018, and our telephone number is (212) 634-9206. Our website is www.nanonuclearenergy.com. Information contained on, or available through, our website does not constitute part of, and is not deemed incorporated by reference into, this prospectus, and investors should not rely on such information in deciding whether to purchase shares of our common stock.

**Summary of Consolidated Financial Information** 

The following table sets forth certain summary financial and other data for the periods ended and at the dates indicated below. Our summary financial information for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 has been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for such period incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Our summary financial information for the years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025, and the 2024 Annual Report (as defined below), each of which has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

***Statements of Operations***

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **March 31, 2025** | **March 31, 2024** | **March 31, 2025** | **March 31, 2024** |
| **<u>Operating expenses</u>** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | $15697178 | $1423309 | $18191748 | $2252205 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 6712543 | 290539 | 7617466 | 810555 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in fair value of contingent consideration | 78250 | - | 602500 | - |
| **Loss from operations** | 22487971 | 1713848 | 26411714 | 3062760 |
| Other income | 1179250 | 36220 | 1989631 | 71187 |
| **Net loss** | $(21308721) | $(1677628) | $(24422083) | $(2991573) |
| **Net loss per share of common stock:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $(0.57) | $(0.07) | $(0.69) | $(0.13) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $(0.57) | $(0.07) | $(0.69) | $(0.13) |
| **Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 37074514 | 23861244 | 35502417 | 23521208 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 37074514 | 23861244 | 35502417 | 23521208 |

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Year Ended**<br> **September 30, 2024** | **For the Year Ended**<br> **September 30, 2023** |
| **<u>Operating expenses</u>** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | $6850993 | $4749395 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 3725565 | 1534000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in Fair Value of contingent consideration | (66000) | - |
| **Loss from operations** | (10510558) | (6283395) |
| Other income | 359002 | 32994 |
| **Net loss** | $(10151556) | $(6250401) |
| **Net loss per share of common stock:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $(0. 39) | $(0.28) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $(0. 39) | $(0.28) |

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***Statements of Changes in Mezzanine equity and Stockholders' Equity***

**For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025**

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Common**<br>**shares** |<br>**Amount** | **Additional**<br> **paid-in**<br>**capital** | **Accumulated**<br>**deficit** | **Total**<br> **stockholders'**<br>**equity** |
| Balance as of September 30, 2024 | 30715663 | $3072 | $49038165 | $(17433781) | $31607456 |
| Common stock issuances | 4935294 | 494 | 101399518 |  | 101400012 |
| Offering costs |  |  | (9058856) |  | (9058856) |
| Exercise of warrants | 975974 | 97 | 14387311 |  | 14387408 |
| Exercise of stock options | 638000 | 64 | 1636436 |  | 1636500 |
| Equity-based compensation |  |  | 16476053 |  | 16476053 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | (24422083) | (24422083) |
| Balance as of March 31, 2025 | 37264931 | $3727 | $173878627 | $(41855864) | $132026490 |

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**For the Year Ended September 30, 2024**

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Mezzanine Equity** | **Mezzanine Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional<br> paid-in<br> capital** | **Accumulated deficit** | **Total** |
| Balance as of September 30, 2023 | 2000000 | $5000000 | 23184869 | $2319 | $9288553 | $(7282225) | $2008647 |
| Mezzanine equity conversion | (2000000) | (5000000) | 2000000 | 200 | 4999800 |  | 5000000 |
| Common stock issuances |  |  | 4804019 | 481 | 34953456 |  | 34953937 |
| Offering costs |  |  |  |  | (3629829) |  | (3629829) |
| R&D acquisition common stock issuances |  |  | 50000 | 5 | 786495 |  | 786500 |
| Exercise of warrants |  |  | 63775 | 6 | 1275494 |  | 1275500 |
| Exercise of stock options |  |  | 593000 | 59 | 1043941 |  | 1044000 |
| Equity-based compensation |  |  | 20000 | 2 | 320255 |  | 320257 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (10151556) | (10151556) |
| Balance as of September 30, 2024 | - | $- | 30715663 | $3072 | $49038165 | $(17433781) | $31607456 |

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**For the Year Ended September 30, 2023**

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Mezzanine Equity** | **Mezzanine Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional<br> paid-in<br> capital** | **Accumulated deficit** | **Total** |
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 |  | $- | 20501500 | $2050 | $3139450 | $(1031824) | $2109676 |
| Common stock issuances | 2000000 | 5000000 | 2598369 | 260 | 3765109 |  | 3765369 |
| Equity-based compensation |  |  | 85000 | 9 | 2383994 |  | 2384003 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (6250401) | (6250401) |
| Balance as of September 30, 2023 | 2000000 | $5000000 | 23184869 | $2319 | $9288553 | $(7282225) | $2008647 |

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***Statements of Cash Flows***

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Six**<br> **Months Ended<br> March 31, 2025** | **For the Six**<br> **Months Ended<br> March 31, 2024** |
| **OPERATING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| **Net loss** | $(24422083) | $(2991573) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equity-based compensation | 16476053 | 152457 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of right-of-use assets | 133614 | 11878 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 39517 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in fair value of contingent liability | 602500 |  |
| Change in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | 161725 | (429120) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposits | (284000) | (235235) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 1774018 | 109503 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Due to related parties | 5000 | (10000) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lease liabilities | (107323) | (17114) |
| **Net cash used in operating activities** | (5620979) | (3409204) |
| **INVESTING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In-process research and development | (9075045) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additions to property, plant and equipment | (3625846) | - |
| **Net cash used in investing activities** | (12700891) | - |
| **FINANCING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from common stock issuances | 101400012 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Offering costs | (9058856) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of warrants | 14387408 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 1636500 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from stock subscriptions |  | 2466437 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment of deferred offering costs | - | (55000) |
| **Net cash provided by financing activities** | 108365064 | 2411437 |
| **Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents** | 90043194 | (997767) |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 28507257 | 6952795 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $118550451 | $5955028 |
| **Non-cash transactions:** |  |  |
| Conversion from Mezzanine Equity to Stockholders' Equity | $- | $(5000000) |
| Inception of Right-of-Use Asset / Liability | $1026348 | $1926656 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Year Ended <br> September 30, 2024** | **For the Year**<br> **Ended<br> September 30, 2023** |
| **OPERATING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| **Net loss** | $(10151556) | $(6250401) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;R&D acquisition paid in equity | 786500 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equity-based compensation | 320257 | 2384003 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of right of use asset | 96532 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 10393 |  |
| Change in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | (628090) | (88409) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposits | (235235) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 571474 | 87234 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Due to related parties | (10000) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lease liability | 5079 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contingent liability | 770500 | - |
| **Net cash used in operating activities** | (8464146) | (3867573) |
| **INVESTING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase in long-term investments | (2000000) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additions to property, plant and equipment | (1700000) | - |
| **Net cash provided by financing activities** | (3700000) | - |
| **FINANCING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from common stock issuances | 34953937 | 8765369 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Offering costs | (3554829) | (75000) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of warrants | 1275500 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 1044000 | - |
| **Net cash provided by financing activities** | 33718608 | 8690369 |
| **Net increase in cash** | 21554462 | 4822796 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 6952795 | 2129999 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $28507257 | $6952795 |
| **Non-Cash Supplemental Disclosures** |  |  |
| Right of use assets acquired in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $1926178 | $- |

---

**RISK FACTORS**

***Investing in our securities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk.*** Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors included in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and those that may be included in the prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplements and any related free writing prospectuses, as well as any documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus or such prospectus supplements. You should also carefully consider other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplements, including our financial statements and the related notes thereto incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The risks and uncertainties described in any applicable prospectus supplements and our other filings with the SEC incorporated by reference in this prospectus and such prospectus supplements are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial could also adversely affect us. If any of risks we describe occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially harmed. In such case, the value of our securities could decline and you may some or lose all of your investment. Please also carefully consider the section entitled "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."

**USE OF PROCEEDS**

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from these sales for the advancement and development of our technologies, general working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include investing in or acquiring synergistic or complementary businesses, assets or technologies, and working capital, although as of the date of this prospectus, we have not entered into any definitive agreements. The amounts and timing of these expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the development of our current business initiatives. Our management will have broad discretion to allocate the net proceeds, if any, we receive in connection with securities offered pursuant to this prospectus for any purpose. Pending use of the net proceeds, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities or in cash or money market funds.

**DIVIDEND POLICY**

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends, if any, in the future is within the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, capital requirements and financial condition and other relevant facts. We currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, to finance the development and growth of our business.

**DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER**

**General**

This prospectus describes the general terms of our securities. The following description is not complete and may not contain all the information you should consider before investing in our securities. For a more detailed description of these securities, you should read the applicable provisions of Nevada law and our amended articles of incorporation, referred to herein as our charter, and our amended and restated bylaws, referred to herein as our bylaws. When we offer to sell a particular series of these securities, we will describe the specific terms of the series in a supplement to this prospectus. Accordingly, for a description of the terms of any series of securities, you must refer to both the prospectus supplement relating to that series and the description of the securities described in this prospectus. To the extent the information contained in the prospectus supplement differs from this summary description, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.

Our authorized capital stock consists of 300,000,000 shares, par value $0.0001 per share, consisting of: 275,000,000 shares of common stock and 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, all of which are currently undesignated. Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded in the future.

We, directly or through agents, dealers or underwriters designated from time to time, may offer, issue and sell, together or separately, up to $620,000,000 in the aggregate of:

● common stock;

● preferred stock;

● purchase contracts;

● warrants to purchase our securities;

● subscription rights to purchase our securities;

● depositary shares;

● secured or unsecured debt securities consisting of notes, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness, which may include senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities, each of which may be convertible into equity securities; or

● units comprised of, or other combinations of, the foregoing securities.

We may issue the debt securities exchangeable for or convertible into shares of common stock, preferred stock or other securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus, or any combination of the foregoing. The preferred stock may also be exchangeable for or convertible into shares of common stock, another series of preferred stock or other securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus, or any combination of the foregoing. When a particular series of securities is offered, a supplement to this prospectus will be delivered with this prospectus, which will set forth the terms of the offering and sale of the offered securities.

**Common Stock**

As of July 22, 2025, there were 41,539,423 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. In addition, there were 3,286,254 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, 3,814,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, and 350,748 shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units.

Our charter provides that each holder of common stock shall have the right to one (1) vote per share of common stock held of record by such holder as of the applicable record date on all matters submitted to a vote at any meeting of stockholders. The holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of assets or funds legally available for the payment of dividends of such times and in such amounts as our board of directors from time to time may determine. Our common stock is not entitled to pre-emptive rights and is not subject to redemption. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our company, the assets legally available for distribution to stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of our common stock after payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding payment of other claims of creditors. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future. Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the trading symbol "NNE." The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC, 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, NY 11598.

**Preferred Stock**

As of July 22, 2025, we had zero shares of preferred stock designated. Pursuant to our charter, our undesignated shares of preferred stock are "blank check" preferred stock, which means that our board of directors are authorized, without further action by the stockholders, to establish one or more class or series, and fix the relative rights and preferences of our undesignated preferred stock.

In connection with any offering of undesignated preferred stock, we will fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the preferred stock of each series in the certificate of designation relating to that series. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred stock. This description will include any or all of the following, as required:

● the title and stated value;

● the number of shares we are offering;

● the liquidation preference per share;

● the purchase price;

● the dividend rate, period and payment date and method of calculation for dividends;

● whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate;

● any contractual limitations on our ability to declare, set aside or pay any dividends;

● the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;

● the provisions for a sinking fund, if any;

● the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights;

● any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market;

● whether the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, and, if applicable, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and the conversion period;

● whether the preferred stock will be exchangeable into debt securities, and, if applicable, the exchange price, or how it will be calculated, and the exchange period;

● voting rights, if any, of the preferred stock;

● preemptive rights, if any;

● restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;

● whether interests in the preferred stock will be represented by depositary shares;

● a discussion of any material or special United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;

● the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs;

● any limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and

● any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the preferred stock.

If we offer shares of preferred stock under this prospectus, after receipt of payment therefor, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable.

Nevada corporation law provides that the holders of preferred stock will have the right to vote separately as a class on any proposal involving fundamental changes in the rights of holders of that preferred stock. This right is in addition to any voting rights provided for in the applicable certificate of designation.

Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of our common stock. Preferred stock could be issued quickly with terms designed to delay or prevent a change in control of our Company or make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the market price of our common stock.

**Purchase Contracts**

We may issue purchase contracts, representing contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and us to sell to the holders, a specific or varying number of common stock, preferred stock, warrants, subscription rights, depositary shares, debt securities, or any combination of the above, at a future date or dates. Alternatively, the purchase contracts may obligate us to purchase from holders, and obligate holders to sell to us, a specific or varying number of common stock, preferred stock, warrants, subscription rights, depositary shares, debt securities, or any combination of the above. The price of the securities and other property subject to the purchase contracts may be fixed at the time the purchase contracts are issued or may be determined by reference to a specific formula set forth in the purchase contracts. The purchase contracts may be issued separately or as a part of a unit that consists of (a) a purchase contract and (b) one or more of the other securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus or any combination of the foregoing, which may secure the holders' obligations to purchase the securities under the purchase contract. The purchase contracts may require us to make periodic payments to the holders or require the holders to make periodic payments to us. These payments may be unsecured or prefunded and may be paid on a current or on a deferred basis. The purchase contracts may require holders to secure their obligations under the contracts in a manner specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the purchase contracts and purchase contract agreements, if any. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any purchase contracts in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, including, to the extent applicable, the following:

● whether the purchase contracts obligate the holder or us to purchase or sell, or both purchase and sell, the securities subject to purchase under the purchase contract, and the nature and amount of each of those securities, or the method of determining those amounts;

● whether the purchase contracts are to be prepaid or not;

● whether the purchase contracts are to be settled by delivery, or by reference or linkage to the value, performance or level of the securities subject to purchase under the purchase contract;

● any acceleration, cancellation, termination or other provisions relating to the settlement of the purchase contracts; and

● whether the purchase contracts will be issued in fully registered or global form.

**Warrants**

We may issue warrants to purchase our securities or other rights, including rights to receive payment in cash or securities based on the value, rate or price of one or more specified commodities, currencies, securities or indices, or any combination of the foregoing. Warrants may be issued independently or together with any other securities that may be sold by us pursuant to this prospectus or any combination of the foregoing and may be attached to, or separate from, such securities. To the extent warrants that we issue are to be publicly traded, each series of such warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent.

We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the warrants and warrant agreements, if any. The prospectus supplement relating to any warrants that we may offer will contain the specific terms of the warrants and a description of the material provisions of the applicable warrant agreement, if any. These terms may include the following:

● the title of the warrants;

● the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued;

● the designation, amount and terms of the securities or other rights for which the warrants are exercisable;

● the designation and terms of the other securities, if any, with which the warrants are to be issued and the number of warrants issued with each other security;

● the aggregate number of warrants;

● any provisions for adjustment of the number or amount of securities receivable upon exercise of the warrants or the exercise price of the warrants;

● the price or prices at which the securities or other rights purchasable upon exercise of the warrants may be purchased;

● if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the securities or other rights purchasable upon exercise of the warrants will be separately transferable;

● a discussion of any material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the exercise of the warrants;

● the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence, and the date on which the right will expire;

● the maximum or minimum number of warrants that may be exercised at any time;

● information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; and

● any other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants.

Each warrant will entitle the holder of warrants to purchase the amount of securities or other rights, at the exercise price stated or determinable in the prospectus supplement for the warrants. Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date shown in the applicable prospectus supplement, unless otherwise specified in such prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, if applicable, unexercised warrants will become void. Warrants may be exercised in the manner described in the applicable prospectus supplement. When the warrant holder makes the payment and properly completes and signs the warrant certificate at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent, if any, or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as possible, forward the securities or other rights that the warrant holder has purchased. If the warrant holder exercises less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate, we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining warrants.

**Subscription Rights**

We may issue rights to purchase our securities. The rights may or may not be transferable by the persons purchasing or receiving the rights. In connection with any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement with one or more underwriters or other persons pursuant to which such underwriters or other persons would purchase any offered securities remaining unsubscribed for after such rights offering. In connection with a rights offering to holders of our securities, a prospectus supplement will be distributed to such holders on the record date set by us for receiving rights in the rights offering.

We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the subscription rights, standby underwriting agreements or other agreements, if any. The prospectus supplement relating to any rights that we offer will include specific terms relating to the offering, including, among other matters:

● The record date for determining the security holders entitled to rights;

● the aggregate number of rights issued and the aggregate amount of securities purchasable upon exercise of the rights;

● the exercise price, if any;

● the conditions to completion of the rights offering;

● the date on which the right to exercise the rights will commence and the date on which the rights will expire; and

● any applicable federal income tax considerations.

Each right would entitle the holder of the rights to purchase the principal amount of securities at the exercise price, if any, set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Rights may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date for the rights provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights will become void.

Holders may exercise rights as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Upon receipt of payment, if any, and the rights certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the rights agent, if any, or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as practicable, forward the securities purchasable upon exercise of the rights. If less than all of the rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons other than stockholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby underwriting arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

**Depositary Shares**

*General.* We may offer fractional shares of preferred stock, rather than full shares of preferred stock. If we decide to offer fractional shares of preferred stock, we will issue receipts for depositary shares. Each depositary share will represent a fraction of a share of a particular series of our preferred stock, and the applicable prospectus supplement will indicate that fraction. The shares of preferred stock represented by depositary shares will be deposited under a deposit agreement between us and a depositary that is a bank or trust company that meets certain requirements and is selected by us. The depositary will be specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. Each owner of a depositary share will be entitled to all of the rights and preferences of the preferred stock represented by the depositary share. The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the deposit agreement. Depositary receipts will be distributed to those persons purchasing the fractional shares of our preferred stock in accordance with the terms of the offering. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, forms of the deposit agreements, forms of the certificates of designation of the underlying preferred stock, forms of depositary receipts and any other related agreements.

*Dividends and Other Distributions*.** The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received by it in respect of the preferred stock to the record holders of depositary shares relating to such preferred shares in proportion to the numbers of depositary shares held on the relevant record date.

In the event of a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute securities or property received by it to the record holders of depositary shares in proportion to the numbers of depositary shares held on the relevant record date, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make such distribution. In that case, the depositary may make the distribution by such method as it deems equitable and practicable. One such possible method is for the depositary to sell the securities or property and then distribute the net proceeds from the sale as provided in the case of a cash distribution.

*Redemption of Depositary Shares*.** Whenever we redeem the preferred stock, the depositary will redeem a number of depositary shares representing the same number of shares of preferred stock so redeemed. If fewer than all of the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot, pro rata or by any other equitable method as the depositary may determine.

*Voting of Underlying Shares*. Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of our preferred stock of any series are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in the notice of the meeting to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to that series of preferred stock. Each record holder of the depositary shares on the record date will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights represented by the number of shares of preferred stock underlying the holder's depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, to the extent it is practical to do so, to vote the number of whole shares of preferred stock underlying such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions. We will agree to take all action that the depositary may deem reasonably necessary in order to enable the depositary to do so. To the extent the depositary does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares relating to such preferred shares, it will abstain from voting such shares of preferred stock.

*Withdrawal of Shares*. Upon surrender of depositary receipts representing any number of whole shares at the depositary's office, unless the related depositary shares previously have been called for redemption, the holder of the depositary shares evidenced by the depositary receipts will be entitled to delivery of the number of whole shares of the related series of preferred stock and all money and other property, if any, underlying such depositary shares. However, once such an exchange is made, the preferred stock cannot thereafter be re-deposited in exchange for depositary shares. Holders of depositary shares will be entitled to receive whole shares of the related series of preferred stock on the basis set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. If the depositary receipts delivered by the holder evidence a number of depositary shares representing more than the number of whole shares of preferred stock of the related series to be withdrawn, the depositary will deliver to the holder at the same time a new depositary receipt evidencing the excess number of depositary shares.

*Amendment and Termination of Depositary Agreement*.** The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the applicable depositary agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between us and the depositary. We may, with the consent of the depositary, amend the depositary agreement from time to time in any manner that we desire. However, if the amendment would materially and adversely alter the rights of the existing holders of depositary shares, the amendment would need to be approved by the holders of at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding.

The depositary agreement may be terminated by us or the depositary if:

● all outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed; or

● there has been a final distribution in respect of the shares of preferred stock of the applicable series in connection with our liquidation, dissolution or winding up and such distribution has been made to the holders of depositary receipts.

*Resignation and Removal of Depositary.* The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so. We may remove a depositary at any time. Any resignation or removal will take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of appointment.

*Charges of Depositary.* We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of any depositary arrangements. We will pay all charges of each depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the preferred shares of any series, the initial issuance of the depositary shares, any redemption of such preferred shares and any withdrawals of such preferred shares by holders of depositary shares. Holders of depositary shares will be required to pay any other transfer taxes.

*Notices.* Each depositary will forward to the holders of the applicable depositary shares all notices, reports and communications from us which are delivered to such depositary and which we are required to furnish the holders of the preferred stock represented by such depositary shares.

*Miscellaneous*. The depositary agreement may contain provisions that limit our liability and the liability of the depositary to the holders of depositary shares. Both the depositary and we are also entitled to an indemnity from the holders of the depositary shares prior to bringing, or defending against, any legal proceeding. We or any depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or information provided by persons presenting preferred shares for deposit, holders of depositary shares or other persons believed by us to be competent and on documents believed by us or them to be genuine.

**Debt Securities**

As used in this prospectus, the term "debt securities" means the debentures, notes, bonds and other evidences of indebtedness that we may issue from time to time. The debt securities will be either senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities or subordinated debt securities. We may also issue convertible debt securities. Debt securities may be issued under an indenture, which is a contract entered into between us and a trustee to be named therein. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, the indentures or other agreements, if any. We may issue debt securities and incur indebtedness other than through the offering of debt securities pursuant to this prospectus. Convertible debt securities may not be issued under an indenture.

The debt securities may be fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a secured or unsecured senior or subordinated basis by one or more guarantors, if any. The obligations of any guarantor under its guarantee will be limited as necessary to prevent that guarantee from constituting a fraudulent conveyance under applicable law. In the event that any series of debt securities will be subordinated to other indebtedness that we have outstanding or may incur, the terms of the subordination will be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the subordinated debt securities.

We may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series, in each case with the same or various maturities, at par or at a discount. Unless indicated in a prospectus supplement, we may issue additional debt securities of a particular series without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of such series outstanding at the time of the issuance. Any such additional debt securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of debt securities under the applicable indenture and will be equal in ranking.

Should an indenture relate to unsecured indebtedness, in the event of a bankruptcy or other liquidation event involving a distribution of assets to satisfy our outstanding indebtedness or an event of default under a loan agreement relating to secured indebtedness of our company or its subsidiaries, the holders of such secured indebtedness, if any, would be entitled to receive payment of principal and interest prior to payments on the unsecured indebtedness.

Each prospectus supplement will describe the terms relating to the specific series of debt securities. These terms will include some or all of the following:

● the title of debt securities and whether the debt securities are senior or subordinated;

● any limit on the aggregate principal amount of debt securities of such series;

● the percentage of the principal amount at which the debt securities of any series will be issued;

● the ability to issue additional debt securities of the same series;

● the purchase price for the debt securities and the denominations of the debt securities;

● the specific designation of the series of debt securities being offered;

● the maturity date or dates of the debt securities and the date or dates upon which the debt securities are payable and the rate or rates at which the debt securities of the series shall bear interest, if any, which may be fixed or variable, or the method by which such rate shall be determined;

● the basis for calculating interest;

● the date or dates from which any interest will accrue or the method by which such date or dates will be determined;

● the duration of any deferral period, including the period during which interest payment periods may be extended;

● whether the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the debt securities may be determined with reference to any index, formula or other method, such as one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices, and the manner of determining the amount of such payments;

● the dates on which we will pay interest on the debt securities and the regular record date for determining who is entitled to the interest payable on any interest payment date;

● the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the debt securities will be payable, where any securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange or conversion, as applicable, and notices and demands may be delivered to or upon us pursuant to the applicable indenture;

● the rate or rates of amortization of the debt securities;

● any terms for the attachment to the debt securities of warrants, options or other rights to purchase or sell our securities;

● if the debt securities will be secured by any collateral and, if so, a general description of the collateral and the terms and provisions of such collateral security, pledge or other agreements;

● if we possess the option to do so, the periods within which and the prices at which we may redeem the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to optional redemption provisions, and the other terms and conditions of any such provisions;

● our obligation or discretion, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase debt securities by making periodic payments to a sinking fund or through an analogous provision or at the option of holders of the debt securities, and the period or periods within which and the price or prices at which we will redeem, repay or purchase the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and the other terms and conditions of such obligation;

● the terms and conditions, if any, regarding the option or mandatory conversion or exchange of debt securities;

● the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any debt securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part at our option and, if other than by a board resolution, the manner in which any election by us to redeem the debt securities shall be evidenced;

● any restriction or condition on the transferability of the debt securities of a particular series;

● the portion, or methods of determining the portion, of the principal amount of the debt securities which we must pay upon the acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities in connection with any event of default;

● the currency or currencies in which the debt securities will be denominated and in which principal, any premium and any interest will or may be payable or a description of any units based on or relating to a currency or currencies in which the debt securities will be denominated;

● provisions, if any, granting special rights to holders of the debt securities upon the occurrence of specified events;

● any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the events of default or our covenants with respect to the applicable series of debt securities, and whether or not such events of default or covenants are consistent with those contained in the applicable indenture;

● any limitation on our ability to incur debt, redeem stock, sell our assets or other restrictions;

● the application, if any, of the terms of the applicable indenture relating to defeasance and covenant defeasance (which terms are described below) to the debt securities;

● what subordination provisions will apply to the debt securities;

● the terms, if any, upon which the holders may convert or exchange the debt securities into or for our securities or property;

● whether we are issuing the debt securities in whole or in part in global form;

● any change in the right of the trustee or the requisite holders of debt securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable because of an event of default;

● the depositary for global or certificated debt securities, if any;

● any material federal income tax consequences applicable to the debt securities, including any debt securities denominated and made payable, as described in the prospectus supplements, in foreign currencies, or units based on or related to foreign currencies;

● any right we may have to satisfy, discharge and defease our obligations under the debt securities, or terminate or eliminate restrictive covenants or events of default in the indenture, by depositing money or U.S. government obligations with the trustee;

● the names of any trustees, depositories, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or other agents with respect to the debt securities;

● to whom any interest on any debt security shall be payable, if other than the person in whose name the security is registered, on the record date for such interest, the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global debt security will be paid;

● if the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities is to be payable in one or more currencies or currency units other than as stated, the currency, currencies or currency units in which it shall be paid and the periods within and terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amounts payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be determined);

● the portion of the principal amount of any debt securities which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities pursuant to the applicable indenture;

● if the principal amount payable at the stated maturity of any debt security of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates prior to the stated maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such debt securities as of any such date for any purpose, including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any maturity other than the stated maturity or which shall be deemed to be outstanding as of any date prior to the stated maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined); and

● any other specific terms of the debt securities, including any modifications to the events of default under the debt securities and any other terms which may be required by or advisable under applicable laws or regulations.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we do not anticipate the debt securities will be listed on any securities exchange. Holders of the debt securities may present registered debt securities for exchange or transfer in the manner described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as limited by the applicable indenture, we will provide these services without charge, other than any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with the exchange or transfer.

Debt securities may bear interest at a fixed rate or a variable rate as specified in the prospectus supplement. In addition, if specified in the prospectus supplement, we may sell debt securities bearing no interest or interest at a rate that at the time of issuance is below the prevailing market rate, or at a discount below their stated principal amount. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement any special federal income tax considerations applicable to these discounted debt securities.

We may issue debt securities with the principal amount payable on any principal payment date, or the amount of interest payable on any interest payment date, to be determined by referring to one or more currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity indices or other factors. Holders of such debt securities may receive a principal amount on any principal payment date, or interest payments on any interest payment date, that are greater or less than the amount of principal or interest otherwise payable on such dates, depending upon the value on such dates of applicable currency, commodity, equity index or other factors. The applicable prospectus supplement will contain information as to how we will determine the amount of principal or interest payable on any date, as well as the currencies, commodities, equity indices or other factors to which the amount payable on that date relates and certain additional tax considerations.

**Units**

We may issue units consisting of any combination of the other types of securities offered under this prospectus in one or more series. We may evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we may issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into unit agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent, if any, may be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name and address of the unit agent, if any, in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units. Specific unit agreements, if any, will contain additional important terms and provisions. We will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from a current report that we file with the SEC, the form of unit and the form of each unit agreement, if any, relating to units offered under this prospectus.

If we offer any units, certain terms of that series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the following, as applicable:

● the title of the series of units;

● identification and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units;

● the price or prices at which the units will be issued;

● the date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable;

● a discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the units; and

● any other material terms of the units and their constituent securities.

**FORMS OF SECURITIES**

Each security may be represented either by a certificate issued in definitive form to a particular investor or by one or more global securities representing the entire issuance of securities. Certificated securities in definitive form and global securities will be issued in registered form. Definitive securities name you or your nominee as the owner of the security, and in order to transfer or exchange these securities or to receive payments other than interest or other interim payments, you or your nominee must physically deliver the securities to the trustee, registrar, paying agent or other agent, as applicable. Global securities name a depositary or its nominee as the owner of the debt securities, warrants or units represented by these global securities. The depositary maintains a computerized system that will reflect each investor's beneficial ownership of the securities through an account maintained by the investor with its broker-dealer, bank, trust company or other representative, as we explain more fully below.

***Registered Global Securities***

We may issue the securities in the form of one or more fully registered global securities that will be deposited with a depositary or its nominee identified in the applicable prospectus supplement and registered in the name of that depositary or nominee. In those cases, one or more registered global securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate principal or face amount of the securities to be represented by registered global securities. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole for securities in definitive registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred except as a whole by and among the depositary for the registered global security, the nominees of the depositary or any successors of the depositary or those nominees.

The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any securities to be represented by a registered global security will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to those securities. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements.

Ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons, called participants, that have accounts with the depositary or persons that may hold interests through participants. Upon the issuance of a registered global security, the depositary will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants' accounts with the respective principal or face amounts of the securities beneficially owned by the participants. Any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the securities will designate the accounts to be credited. Ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be shown on, and the transfer of ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary, with respect to interests of participants, and on the records of participants, with respect to interests of persons holding through participants. The laws of some states may require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of these securities in definitive form. These laws may impair your ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered global securities.

So long as the depositary, or its nominee, is the registered owner of a registered global security, that depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the securities represented by the registered global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement.

Except as described below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security will not be entitled to have the securities represented by the registered global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the securities in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders of the securities under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for that registered global security and, if that person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement. We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement or unit agreement, the depositary for the registered global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take that action, and the participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through them to give or take that action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.

Payments to holders with respect to securities represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee will be made to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the registered global security. None of the Company, the trustees, the warrant agents, the unit agents or any other agent of the Company, agent of the trustees, the warrant agents or unit agents will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to those beneficial ownership interests.

We expect that the depositary for any of the securities represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, interest or other payment or distribution to holders of that registered global security, will immediately credit participants' accounts in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in that registered global security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security held through participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers or registered in "street name," and will be the responsibility of those participants.

If the depositary for any of these securities represented by a registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and a successor depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act is not appointed by us within 90 days, we will issue securities in definitive form in exchange for the registered global security that had been held by the depositary. Any securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a registered global security will be registered in the name or names that the depositary gives to the relevant trustee, warrant agent, unit agent or other relevant agent of ours or theirs. It is expected that the depositary's instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the registered global security that had been held by the depositary.

**PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION**

We may sell the securities from time to time to or through underwriters or dealers, through agents or directly to one or more purchasers. A distribution of the securities offered by this prospectus may also be effected through the issuance of derivative securities, including without limitation warrants, subscription rights or depositary shares. In addition, the manner in which we may sell some or all of the securities covered by this prospectus includes, without limitation, through:

● a block trade in which a broker-dealer will attempt to sell as agent, but may position or resell a portion of the block as principal in order to facilitate the transaction;

● purchases by a broker-dealer, as principal, and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; or

● ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker solicits purchasers.

A prospectus supplement or supplements with respect to each series of securities will describe the terms of the offering, including, to the extent applicable:

● the types and terms of the securities being offered;

● the name or names of the underwriters, dealers or agents and the amounts of securities underwritten or purchased by each of them, if any;

● the public offering price or purchase price of the securities or other consideration therefor, and the proceeds to be received by us from the sale;

● any delayed delivery requirements;

● any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;

● any underwriting discounts or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters' or agents' compensation;

● any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; and

● any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed.

The offer and sale of the securities described in this prospectus by us, the underwriters or the third parties described above may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions, including privately negotiated transactions, either:

● at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;

● in an "at the market" offering within the meaning of Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act;

● at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or

● at negotiated prices.

Only underwriters named in a prospectus supplement will be underwriters of the securities offered by such prospectus supplement.

**Underwriters and Agents; Direct Sales**

If underwriters are used in a sale, they will acquire the offered securities for their own account and may resell the offered securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate.

Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement, other than securities covered by any over-allotment option. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the nature of any such relationship.

We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities, and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, any agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.

**Dealers**

We may sell the offered securities to dealers as principals. The dealer may then resell such securities to the public either at varying prices to be determined by the dealer or at a fixed offering price agreed to with us at the time of resale.

**Institutional Purchasers**

We may authorize agents, dealers or underwriters to solicit certain institutional investors to purchase offered securities on a delayed delivery basis pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified future date. The applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be, will provide the details of any such arrangement, including the offering price and commissions payable for the solicitations.

We will enter into such delayed contracts only with institutional purchasers that we approve. These institutions may include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies and educational and charitable institutions.

**Indemnification; Other Relationships**

We may provide agents, underwriters, dealers and remarketing firms with indemnification against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Agents, underwriters, dealers and remarketing firms, and their affiliates, may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business. These may include commercial banking and investment banking transactions, among other services.

**Market-Making; Stabilization and Other Transactions**

There is currently no market for any of the offered securities, other than our common stock, which is quoted on Nasdaq. If the offered securities are traded after their initial issuance, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price, depending upon prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities and other factors. While it is possible that an underwriter could inform us that it intends to make a market in the offered securities, such underwriter would not be obligated to do so, and any such market-making could be discontinued at any time without notice. Therefore, no assurance can be given as to whether an active trading market will develop for the offered securities. We have no current plans for listing of any debt securities, preferred stock, warrants or subscription rights on any securities exchange or quotation system; any such listing with respect to any particular debt securities, preferred stock, warrants or subscription rights will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be.

Any underwriter may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price. Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the securities, either through exercise of the over-allotment option or in the open market after the distribution is completed, to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of these activities at any time.

Any underwriters or agents that are qualified market makers on Nasdaq may engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock on Nasdaq in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of our common stock. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker's bid, however, the passive market maker's bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Passive market making may stabilize the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.

**Fees and Commissions**

If 5% or more of the net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by a FINRA member participating in the offering or affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA member, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Rule 5121.

**LEGAL MATTERS**

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Parsons Behle & Latimer, Reno, Nevada. If legal matters in connection with offerings made by this prospectus are passed on by counsel for the underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, then such counsel will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement.

**EXPERTS**

The consolidated financial statements of Nano Nuclear Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, as of and for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, incorporated in this prospectus by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of WithumSmith+Brown, PC, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

**WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION**

This prospectus is part of the registration statement on Form S-3 that we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act and does not contain all the information set forth or incorporated by reference in the registration statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement, or to the exhibits to the reports or other documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, for a copy of such contract, agreement or other document. We file annual, quarterly and periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC, using its EDGAR system. The SEC provides free public access, through its website, to items publicly filed in the EDGAR system, including our items. The address of the SEC's website is <u>http//www.sec.gov</u>.

We also maintain a website at *www.nanonuclearenergy.com*. You may access these materials at our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus.

**INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE**

We are "incorporating by reference" in this prospectus certain documents we have filed or will file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (1) after the date of the initial registration statement, as amended, and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, and (2) after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering, from their respective filing dates (other than any portions thereof, which under the Exchange Act, and applicable SEC rules, are not deemed "filed" under the Exchange Act). Such information will automatically update and supersede the information contained in this prospectus and the documents listed below:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. Our Annual Report on [Form 10-K](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224052393/form10-k.htm) for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on December 30, 2024 (the "2024 Annual Report");

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, respectively, filed with the SEC on [February 13, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315225006474/form10-q.htm) and [May 15, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225010980/form10-q.htm), respectively (the "Quarterly Reports");

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Our Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on [February 28, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315225008757/formdef14a.htm) and our Proxy Statement Supplement filed with the SEC on [March 26, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225000759/formdefa14a.htm);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on [October 18, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224041573/form8-k.htm), [October 25, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224042558/form8-k.htm), [October 30, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224043004/form8-k.htm), [November 27, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224048054/form8-k.htm), [December 26, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224052094/form8-k.htm), [January 14, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315225002028/form8-k.htm), [March 12, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315225010036/form8-k.htm), [April 24, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225006005/form8-k.htm), [May 29, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225012866/form8-k.htm), [June 5, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225013857/form8-k.htm) and [June 10, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225014529/form8-k.htm), respectively (excluding any information therein disclosed under Items 2.02 or 7.01 or any corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01 or included as an exhibit); and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The description of our shares of common stock contained in the our registration statement on [Form 8-A](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224017913/form8-a12b.htm), filed with the SEC on May 6, 2024.

In addition, all documents and/or reports that we file with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, and 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and prior to the termination or completion of any applicable offering of securities under this prospectus or the filing of a post-effective amendment to such registration statement that indicates that all securities offered under this prospectus have been sold, or that deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, will be deemed to be incorporated herein by reference and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, none of the information that we disclose under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K, or any corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01 or included as an exhibit, that we may from time to time furnish to the SEC, will be incorporated by reference in, or otherwise included in, this prospectus, except as otherwise expressly set forth in the relevant document. Subject to the foregoing, all information appearing in this prospectus is qualified in its entirety by the information appearing in the documents incorporated by reference.

You may request, orally or in writing, a copy of the documents we incorporate by reference, which will be provided to you at no cost (other than exhibits, unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference), by contacting our Secretary, c/o Nano Nuclear Energy Inc. at 10 Times Square, 30th Floor, New York, NY 10018. Our telephone number is (212) 634-9206.

![](forms-3_001.jpg)

**$620,000,000**

**COMMON STOCK**

**PREFERRED STOCK**

**PURCHASE CONTRACTS**

**WARRANTS**

**SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS**

**DEPOSITARY SHARES**

**DEBT SECURITIES**

**UNITS**

**PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS**

**[●], 2025**

****

<br> **The information contained in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. No securities may be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS** | **SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JULY 25, 2025** |

---

**Up to $400,000,000 of Shares of Common Stock**

Nano Nuclear Energy, Inc. (the "Company," "we," "us" or "our") has entered into a sales agreement (the "Agreement") with TD Securities (USA) LLC ("TD Cowen"), UBS Securities LLC and Piper Sandler & Co. (each a "Sales Agent" and together, the "Sales Agents"), relating to the sale of shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (our "common stock"), offered by this prospectus (including the base prospectus contained within the Registration Statement on Form S-3 of which this prospectus forms a part) (referred to herein as the "prospectus"). In accordance with the terms of the Agreement, we may offer and sell up to $400,000,000 of shares of our common stock from time to time through or to the Sales Agents acting as agents or principals.

Our common stock is listed on the Capital Market tier of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq") under the symbol "NNE." The last reported sale price of our common stock on July 22, 2025 was $34.25 per share.

Sales of our common stock, if any, under this prospectus may be made in negotiated transactions, including block trades, or transactions that are deemed to be "at the market" offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, including sales made by means of ordinary brokers' transactions, including directly on Nasdaq, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange, at prevailing market prices, at prices related to prevailing market prices, at negotiated prices or by any other method permitted by law. The Sales Agents are not required to sell any specific dollar amount of shares but will use commercially reasonable efforts to sell on our behalf all of the shares requested to be sold by us, consistent with their normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between us and the Sales Agents. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement. The Sales Agents may also purchase shares of our common stock as principals.

The compensation to the Sales Agents for sales of common stock sold pursuant to the Agreement will be an amount up to 3% of the gross proceeds of any shares of common stock sold under the Agreement. In connection with the sale of our common stock on our behalf, the Sales Agents may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation of the Sales Agents may be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions. See "Plan of Distribution" beginning on page S-22 for additional information regarding underwriting compensation. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the Sales Agents with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

***An investment in the securities offered through this prospectus is speculative and involves a high degree of risk.* You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-17 of this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus.**

**Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **TD Cowen** | **UBS Investment Bank** | **Piper Sandler** |

---

**The date of this prospectus is [●], 2025.**

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Page** |
| [About This Prospectus](#RMa_006) | S-1 |
| [Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements](#RMa_007) | S-2 |
| [Prospectus Summary](#RMa_008) | S-4 |
| [The Offering](#RMa_009) | S-16 |
| [Risk Factors](#RMa_010) | S-17 |
| [Use of Proceeds](#RMa_011) | S-19 |
| [Dilution](#RMa_012) | S-20 |
| [Description of Securities We Are Offering](#RMa_013) | S-21 |
| [Plan of Distribution](#RMa_014) | S-22 |
| [Legal Matters](#RMa_015) | S-23 |
| [Experts](#RMa_016) | S-23 |
| [Where You Can Find More Information](#RMa_017) | S-23 |
| [Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference](#RMa_018) | S-23 |

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S-i

**ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS** 

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, employing a "shelf" registration process Under this prospectus, we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $400,000,000 from time to time at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering.

You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus is accurate only as of the respective dates of those documents. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus that was filed with the SEC before the date of this prospectus, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus. If any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date — for example, a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus that was filed with the SEC after the date of this prospectus — the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the section entitled "Where You Can Find More Information" and "Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference." The representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreement, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

We urge you to read carefully this prospectus, as well as any documents incorporated by reference as described under the heading "Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference," before investing in any of the securities being offered. You should rely only on the information contained in, or incorporated by reference in, this prospectus. We have not, and the Sales Agents have not, authorized anyone to provide you with information that is in addition to or different from the information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

**CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS**

The information in this prospectus and any related free writing prospectuses, together with any information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans, market growth, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as "may," "will," "could," "would," "expect," "anticipate," "aim," "estimate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "is/are likely to," "potential," "project," "target," "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements may contain these words. Forward-looking statements are only predictions and are based largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we reasonably believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual outcomes could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change given the inherent risks and uncertainties of market and industry conditions.

Forward-looking statements are neither predictions nor guarantees of future outcomes. Forward-looking statements present estimates and assumptions only as of the date on the cover of the document in which they are contained, and are subject to significant known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Accordingly, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the dates on which they are made. Important factors that could cause actual outcomes to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those summarized below:

● Our ability to design, develop, manufacture, demonstrate, obtain regulatory approval for and ultimately sell our proposed nuclear reactors or other products, technologies or services we are developing.

● Our ability to source or internally develop the necessary fuel supply chain to power our next generation of advanced nuclear reactors.

● Our ability to source or internally develop the required transportation capabilities to move our reactors, their fuel, and other special materials critical to the commercial deployment of our reactor systems.

● Our ability to build internally, and to externally provide, nuclear service support and consultation services for the expanding and resurgent nuclear energy industry, both domestically and internationally.

● Our ability to source, retain, and expand our technical and business staff to meet the demands of our expanding and diversifying business.

● Our ability to raise the substantial amount of additional funds that will be necessary for our business to succeed, which funds may not be available on acceptable terms or available at all.

● Assumptions relating to the size of the market for our nuclear reactors or other products, technologies or services we are developing.

● Our ability to navigate the complex and time-consuming nuclear regulatory regimes in the jurisdictions we operate, including unanticipated regulations or regulatory failures that could add barriers, time and cost to our business plans.

● Our estimates of future expenses, capital requirements, revenue potential and our needs for, or ability to obtain, additional financing.

● Our status as an early-stage pre-revenue company in a rapidly evolving and complex industry with a business model that is still being developed and is largely untested.

● Our ability to avoid a significant disruption in our information technology system, including security breaches, or our ability to implement new system and software successfully.

● Our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our products.

● The other forward-looking statements regarding our company and its prospects included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus including, without limitation, those under "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and "Business" as such factors may be updated from time to time in our other filings with the SEC.

The foregoing does not represent an exhaustive list of matters that may be covered by the forward-looking statements contained herein or risk factors that we are faced with. Forward-looking statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties, and our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. All written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained above and throughout this prospectus. Prior to investing in our common stock, you should read this prospectus, our filings incorporated by reference herein and the documents we have filed as exhibits to this registration statement of which this prospectus is a part completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we currently expect.

Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

**INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA**

Unless otherwise indicated, data concerning economic conditions, our industry, our markets and our competitive position are based on a variety of sources, including information from third-party industry analysts, publications, surveys and forecasts and our own estimates and research. These data involve a number of assumptions, estimates and limitations. Industry publications, surveys and forecasts and other public information generally indicate or suggest that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. None of the third-party industry data used in this prospectus were prepared on our behalf. The industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in "Risk Factors". These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these data.

**TRADEMARKS**

We own or have rights to trademarks or trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our businesses, our corporate names, logos and websites. We may make references to our trademarks and service marks, and to those belonging to other entities. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to may appear without® or <sup>™</sup> or similar symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent possible under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies' trade names, trademarks, or service marks to imply a relationship with, or an endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies. All other trademarks and service marks are the property of their respective owners.

**PROSPECTUS SUMMARY**

*This summary highlights certain information appearing elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the shares offered hereby and it is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information appearing elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This summary contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements about our plans, objectives, expectations, assumptions, or future events. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. See "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" before you decide to invest in our common stock, you should also read the entire prospectus carefully, including "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-17, "Summary of Consolidated Financial Information" beginning on page S-12, and the financial statements and related notes included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.*

*Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used in this prospectus, the terms "we," "us," "our," "our company," "Nano Nuclear" and "our business" refer to Nano Nuclear Energy Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.*

**Overview**

We are an early-stage nuclear energy company, developing smaller, cheaper, and safer advanced clean energy solutions, utilizing proprietary reactor designs, intellectual property, and research methods, to contribute towards a sustainable future. Led by a world class scientific and management team, our business plan involves comprehensive engagement across every sector of the nuclear power and energy industry, traversing the path from sourcing raw materials through to developing cutting edge advanced nuclear microreactors. Our dedication extends further, encompassing ambitions within the commercial nuclear fuel transportation sector, the nuclear energy fuel supply chain, technology development, and nuclear consulting services.

Currently, we are in the pre-revenue stage and are principally focused on four business lines as part of our development strategy:

●  ***Nuclear Reactor Business*** . We are developing the next generation of advanced nuclear microreactors, in particular (i) the fixed installation **KRONOS MMR™ Energy System**, (ii) **ZEUS**, a portable modular solid core battery reactor, (iii) **ODIN**, a portable modular low-pressure coolant reactor, and (iv) the space focused, portable **LOKI MMR™**. Through the collaboration of our world-renowned nuclear scientists and engineers, the U.S. national nuclear laboratories, and government support, we believe our reactors will have the potential to impact the global energy landscape. Our goal is to commercially launch one of these products in the early 2030s.

 On January 10, 2025, we closed the asset acquisition of the KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> Energy System and the LOKI MMR<sup>™</sup> from Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation ("USNC"). These assets include certain contracts, intellectual property rights, prior demonstration projects, and pursuant to an arrangement with an affiliated entity described below, the equity interests of a Canadian entity, free and clear of any liens other than certain specified liabilities of USNC that were assumed, for a total purchase price of $8.5 million in cash through an auction conducted pursuant to Section 363 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in connection with USNC's pending Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings. We consider this purchase price to be advantageous for us as we believe based on publicly available information that USNC raised over $120 million for the development of the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System and that a major data center operator had conducted due diligence on the project while it was being developed by USNC. On December 18, 2024, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, the Bankruptcy Court overseeing USNC's bankruptcy held a hearing where it approved the sale of the USNC Assets to us. The KRONOS and LOKI assets purchased from USNC included five contracts with third-party collaborators, 38 issued, pending or published patents, 16 registered, pending or published trademarks, and any other technology and intellectual property related to the acquired businesses, rights related to a demonstration project related to the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System in the United States and the business records of the acquired businesses and related confidentiality rights. We acquired these assets through two new wholly owned subsidiaries incorporated in Nevada. The acquired assets also included certain Canadian assets (the "Canadian Assets"), including three contracts with Canadian authorities, the equity interests of a Canadian partnership and rights related to a demonstration project related to the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System in Canada, the transfer of which need the consent of certain Canadian governmental entities (the "Canadian Consents"), with an escrow of $250,000 deposited at the closing securing the Canadian Consents. If the Canadian Consents are not received within 90 days after the closing, we shall have the right to terminate the acquisition of the Canadian Assets and receive the return of $250,000 held in escrow. To better facilitate the Canadian Consents and to continue diligence of the Canadian partnership and other Canadian Assets, our disinterested directors unanimously approved the assignment of our rights to the Canadian Assets to Jay Jiang Yu, our founder, President, Secretary and Treasurer, and Chairman of the Board, and certain Canadian entities owned or controlled by Mr. Yu (the "Yu Entities"). In exchange, on January 10, 2025, the Company entered into an option agreement ("Yu Option Agreement") with Mr. Yu and Yu Entities, pursuant to which the Company received an option back from Mr. Yu and the Yu Entities to acquire for nominal consideration, for a period of five years beginning with the receipt by the Yu Entities of the Canadian Assets upon receiving the Canadian Consents, any or all of the equity interests of the Yu Entities or the Canadian partnership, the other Canadian Assets or the material assets and business of the Canadian partnership. As of the date of this prospectus, while we are operating as the successor to the Canadian Assets in terms of discussions with Canadian authorities and third parties as well as planning activities, we and the Yu Entities are continuing to ascertain the ideal structure for our formal acquisition of the Canadian Assets.

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| The KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> reactor targets new markets beyond those targeted by our smaller microreactors, which are designed for more remote locations, such as island and remote communities, remote industry such as mining projects or oil and gas. The KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> Energy System reactor will target larger population centers, industrial heat for larger industries, data and artificial intelligence centers for the tech industry, and LOKI MMR<sup>™</sup> will target extra-terrestrial applications. In early April 2025, we signed a strategic collaboration with the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign ("UIUC") to construct the first KRONOS MMR™ Energy System research reactor on the university's campus. In mid-April 2025, we launched a recruitment initiative focused on the Midwest region to support our ambitious plans to construct, demonstrate and gain regulatory approval for full-scale KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> Energy System in both the United States and Canada. In late April 2025, the NRC issued its final Safety Evaluation (SE) approving the Fuel Qualification Methodology Topical Report (FQM TR) for the advanced fuel design to be used in our stationary KRONOS MMR™ Energy System. The diversity of products positions us to capitalize on growing financial investment and societal momentum driving advanced nuclear energy technologies on a global scale across multiple different areas. We will leverage our world-class technical team to analyze and optimize these technologies, key components, and intellectual property, before integrating them into its operational frameworks and ongoing innovative efforts. We also intend to build upon and strengthen the extensive industry relationships that USNC established during its operations, including those with UIUC and the Canadian Government to build prototype reactors. Once operational in the future, our plan is to be able to sell a majority of the energy produced at the UIUC KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> reactor, with UIUC retaining a portion for its own use. |
| Our ZEUS and ODIN microreactors have moved from the design stages to physical test work stages, with materials testing, irradiation testing, and initial rig construction currently underway, to ensure the accuracy of our modelled reactors and to optimize the dimensions and composition of the systems. We have conducted and completed external design audits on both the ZEUS and ODIN reactor designs to provide external validation for our designs. The design audits for the reactors were conducted and completed by the Idaho National Laboratory ("INL"). We have communicated with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC") and Department of Energy ("DOE"), informing them of the status of our microreactor designs and the estimated internal timelines for our microreactor developments, with an understanding that definite timelines will be provided once available, to allow the NRC to arrange the necessary personnel to oversee the microreactor licensing process. We increased the size of the technical teams during 2024 and 2025 to expedite the development of the reactor systems, as well as recruiting former NRC personnel to oversee our regulatory licensing processes, and to engage directly with the NRC to facilitate the commercialization planning. In January 2025, we announced that we had contracted with Thermal Engineering International (TEi), a Babcock Power Inc.<sup>®</sup> company, to advance the design and fabrication of several heat exchangers for use in our ODIN microreactor in development. In March 2025, six additional professionals, including Radwan Nassim Kheroua, Dr. Andrew Steer, James Leybourn, Simon Boddington, Luke Godfrey, and Jake Miles joined our U.K.-based nuclear science and engineering partner Cambridge AtomWorks, led by Professors Ian Farnan and Eugene Shwageraus. Cambridge AtomWorks personnel are leading the development of our ODIN microreactor. In March 2025, we announced that we had assembled the first reactor core hardware of our ZEUS microreactor for initial non-nuclear testing. Given our corporate emphasis on the KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> reactor and the fact that all of our reactor designs, except for ODIN, are high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, we are considering strategic alternatives for ODIN. These alternatives are intended to monetize our investment in the project to date and enable us to allocate more time and resources to the KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> reactor and our other designs and technologies. |

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 In addition, in August 2024, we purchased a 14,000 sq. ft., 2-story building in Oak Ridge, Tennessee for $1.7 million to house our Nuclear Technology Headquarters. Michael Norato, Ph.D., an INL and DOE veteran, was appointed as our Director of Nuclear Facilities and Infrastructure in December 2024. Dr. Norato will oversee the construction, development and licensing of our key facilities, including our recently acquired 14,000 sq. ft. Oak Ridge, Tennessee Nuclear Technology Headquarters and future test bed reactor sites for experiments related to our ZEUS and ODIN microreactors currently in development. He will also lead the establishment of deconversion and fuel processing facilities, helping to further our goal of being a vertically integrated leader in the U.S. nuclear fuel cycle. We expect to increase the number of personnel working at the facility over the next year and expect to ultimately employ up to 30 personnel at the facility. We are also currently undertaking approximately $800,000 of renovation work on the facility as well.

 In January 2025, we entered into a lease for a facility in Westchester County, New York where we have established a purpose-built facility to assemble and demonstrate the operation and viability of several non-nuclear parts and components of our nuclear microreactors in development. In February 2025, we engaged aRobotics Company, a leading innovator in robotics fabrication, inspection, engineering and testing, to oversee the multimillion dollar build out of this facility. aRobotics has also assisted us with the fabrication of key components for the facility. We committed approximately $3 million to retrofit this facility. In May 2025, we announced the completion of our retrofit of our demonstration facility and the commencement of operations there. Our demonstration facility is currently supporting ongoing work on our SBIR Phase III project for our Annular Linear Induction Pump (ALIP) technology, which has been assembled onto a test loop and integrated to a controllable test setup for variable design validation at the facility. We anticipate commercializing ALIP by the end of 2025 or in 2026. In July 2025, we announced that we will provide critical engineering and environmental services for our planned construction and deployment activities at UIUC for our KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> Energy System. As part of this initiative, we have engaged AECOM, a global infrastructure leader, under a master services agreement to support site-specific engineering, environmental analysis and regulatory planning at UIUC. The agreement lays the groundwork for site-specific engineering in preparation for deploying the first KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> at UIUC, a globally recognized hub for nuclear research and innovation. Planned activities include detailed environmental reviews, regulatory pathway planning, and site drilling to obtain the geological data required for submitting a construction permit application to the NRC. We anticipate submitting our construction permit application to the NRC towards the end of 2025, or early 2026, and receiving the construction permit later in 2026. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet this anticipated timeline, as the submission is subject to the completion of ongoing technical, regulatory, and operational preparations, which may be affected by factors beyond our control. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this is expected to be the first construction permit for a microreactor issued in the United States. The permit application will not incur any government fees, as the KRONOS reactor, due to its location at UIUC, qualifies for a fee exemption under applicable regulations due to its use for research purposes. In tandem with upcoming geological characterization work at the UIUC site, we have launched a recruitment initiative focused on the Midwest region to support our plans to construct, demonstrate and gain regulatory approval for full-scale KRONOS MMR<sup>™</sup> in both the United States and Canada. This workforce build-out will consolidate the expertise and provide the personnel necessary to complete the construction permit application and begin construction of the first KRONOS prototype on the UIUC campus shortly thereafter. To support this effort, we are actively exploring the purchase of an office or facility in the greater Chicago area to house these personnel.

●  ***Fuel Processing Business*.** Through our subsidiary, HALEU Energy Fuel Inc., and in coordination with the DOE, we are seeking to develop a domestic low-enriched uranium (LEU) and high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU) fuel supply chain to supply fuel not only for our own reactors but also to the broader advanced nuclear reactor industry. We have tentatively identified the site where we intend to construct the facilities and have begun to build the team to design and develop these facilities.

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| We have also made a $2 million strategic investment in and entered into a collaboration with a laser-based uranium enrichment technology company, LIS Technologies Inc. ("LIST") (which is a related party), to support the development of their technology. Through this investment and related collaboration, we aim to assist in advancing LIST's technologies to secure a reliable low enriched uranium fuel supply for our future operations and the broader nuclear energy industry. The parties intend that LIST will provide us with enriched uranium hexafluoride (UF6) at no cost to be fabricated and sold to customers, with LIST to receive compensation as part of a profit-sharing arrangement to be agreed upon between the companies in the future. Through collaboration with LIST, we intend to construct the supporting facilities alongside LIST's enrichment facility, including the deconversion and fuel fabrication facilities, and conversion if necessary. We also leased 7,000 square feet of space at our Nuclear Technology Center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee to LIST. Our relationship with LIST is considered a related party transaction since certain of our executive directors and officers, including Jay Jiang Yu and Dr. Tsun Yee Law, also serve as directors and officers for LIST, and James Walker and Jaisun Garcha serve as consultants to LIST. Our investment in LIST was unanimously approved by all of our disinterested independent directors. |
| In December 2024, we announced that LIST and our company were selected by the DOE to participate as one of six contract awardees in the DOE's Low-Enriched Uranium (LEU) Enrichment Acquisition Program ("LEU Acquisition Program"). Under the contract awarded to LIST, LIST was selected as the prime contractor, with our company as the key subcontractor bringing our technical and regulatory expertise in advanced nuclear solutions to the collaboration. LIST will oversee the development of the primary uranium enrichment processes using its novel laser technology, while our company will contribute towards development in the areas of fuel deconversion, fuel fabrication, and fuel transportation. The total overall amount appropriated under the LEU Acquisition Program across all six contract awardees is anticipated to be $3.4 billion, to be awarded by the DOE via agreed to task orders each having a minimum value of $2 million. |

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●  ***Fuel Transportation Business*.** Our transportation business will build on existing work completed at INL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory ("ORNL") and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ("PNNL"), the world's premier U.S.-backed nuclear research facilities. We received an exclusive license for a high capacity HALEU fuel transportation basket design in April 2024, which will form the basis of a complete transportation system. This license grants us, as the licensee, exclusive rights for the use and development of the technology. In addition, the licensor is not permitted to license the technology to any other parties within the specified scope. We believe this technology is the most advanced concept in the United States for moving HALEU in commercial quantities. We are currently conducting work to modify the design to accommodate a variety of different fuel forms, so we are positioned to move fuel for both of our reactors and to enable us to provide transportation services to any nuclear company looking to move commercial quantities of fuel. In September 2024, we signed an agreement with GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service mbH ("GNS") to undertake a wide-ranging project to produce an optimized HALEU transportation system solution based on our exclusively licensed fuel transportation basket design. The GNS agreement encompasses a study for the transport of multiple HALEU nuclear fuel types, including uranium oxide, TRISO particles, uranium-zirconium hydride, uranium mononitride, and salt fuel for molten salt reactors, thus optimizing the quantity of material that can be transported and developing a conceptual package design that will accommodate the new basket design. We also seek to acquire assets and existing businesses within the nuclear transportation industry to possess our company with the capabilities to internally move the materials, reactors, and fuels inherent within a reactor deployment operation, although we have not entered into any definitive agreements as of the date of this reoffer prospectus. We intend to obtain NRC certification for our high-capacity HALEU transportation system to move commercial quantities of HALEU fuel around North America and internationally. If developed and commercialized, we believe this product will serve as the basis for a domestic HALEU transportation company capable of providing commercial quantities of HALEU fuel. We hope to put our fuel transportation business into operation by 2028. We have also brought on two former United Parcel Service (UPS) executives, one of which works for our fuel transportation subsidiary, with the other sitting on our Executive Advisory Board, to assist in growing the transportation business around our technology *.* 

 In June 2025, we announced the signing of a memorandum of understanding with the Namibia Industrial Development Agency (NIDA) to explore collaborative opportunities focused on developing the domestic nuclear fuel supply chain infrastructure within the Republic of Namibia. This memorandum represents a shared vision between us and NIDA to add significant value to Namibia's uranium resources, support industrial development, and create new opportunities for Namibian citizens within the global nuclear energy market. Under the memorandum, we and NIDA will work together to evaluate opportunities related to the development of infrastructure, technology transfer, education, job creation, and local workforce development in support of Namibia's national nuclear energy development goals. NIDA will help coordinate government and stakeholder engagement, while we will lead assessments related to industrial capability, fuel logistics, and potential international nuclear fuel supply contracts for NIDA.

 In July 2025, we announced that we have signed a memorandum of understanding with UrAmerica Ltd. ("UrAmerica"), a private exploration company with a package of uranium and other critical metals licenses primarily in Chubut Province, Argentina. The newly signed memorandum formalizes the discussions that we initiated with UrAmerica to explore strategic development across Argentina's uranium-fuel supply chain. We are currently working together to evaluate specific opportunities, ranging from mining and conversion to UF₆ feedstock supply, that could aid us in securing a dependable source of material for future supply chain options. Such evaluations may lead to the signing of definitive agreements between us and UrAmerica related to particular projects. Through this memorandum, we and UrAmerica aim to build the mining and milling capacities of the uranium supply chain in Argentina with the intention to be a part of the uranium fuel cycle exports into the U.S. Under the memorandum, we will pursue (i) favorable uranium offtake agreements, (ii) potential investments in mineral production and (iii) fuel-cycle infrastructure, and (iv) future joint ventures or related collaboration. One of our goals in entering into the memorandum is to help modernize Argentina's nuclear sector while strengthening U.S. energy security by sourcing materials for nuclear fuel from a reliable partner.

● **Nuclear Consultation Services.** We also plan on providing nuclear service support and consultation services for the expanding and resurgent nuclear energy industry, both domestically and internationally. This business opportunity represents our nearest term revenue generating opportunity. Our goal is to start providing nuclear service support and consultation services for the nuclear energy industry in 2025. As part of our domestic initiatives, following our collaboration with Digihost Technology Inc. ("Digihost") in December 2024, we provided consulting services to Digihost from April to June 2025, despite not having formally launched our consulting service offerings. Our consulting support contributed to the planning and execution of the Digihost project and included regulatory advice, site assessment, roadmap development, and stakeholder engagement. We are currently under discussion with Digihost about providing consulting services to them in future, but as of the date of this prospectus, we have not entered into any definitive agreement with them. We are also currently evaluating strategic acquisitions or collaborations to expand our business operations and formally establish our consulting services, and have commenced several material discussions with potential targets for such acquisitions or collaborations, but as of the date of this reoffer prospectus, we have not entered into any definitive agreements for such acquisitions or collaborations. In combination with our intention to acquire existing revenue generating consultancy businesses, we are focusing on building our own internal nuclear consultation business in coordination with certain outside academic institutions, which we anticipate would require approximately $2 million over the next twelve months to recruit additional staff and build corresponding infrastructure to be capable of providing these services.

**Our Mission**

Our mission is to become a commercially focused, diversified and vertically integrated nuclear energy company that will capture market share in the very large and growing nuclear energy sector. To implement our plans, since our founding in 2022, our management has had constant communications with key U.S. government agencies, including the DOE, the INL and ORNL, which are a part of the DOE's national nuclear laboratory system. Our company also maintains important collaborations with leading researchers from the Cambridge Nuclear Energy Centre and The University of California, Berkeley.

**Our Industry and Market**

We believe that the U.S. domestic nuclear energy sector is undergoing a renaissance that we believe we can capitalize on. Strong demand signals and investment support from the Tech Industry, combined with DOE programs intended to build back national nuclear infrastructure, have created positive market momentum and investor sentiment, which is further driving development and market forces within the nuclear energy industry.

We strongly support objectives of the DOE and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and we intend for our technology to form part of the U.S. foreign policy to advance the peaceful use of nuclear energy, science and technology, and drive new resources to projects and activities in developing countries with the greatest need. A key part of our business plan will seek to become a nuclear technology organization that can grow the U.S. global energy market engagement and concurrently support global market opportunities.

In 2021, the White House published a statement titled *"FACT SHEET: President Biden Sets 2030 Greenhouse Gas Pollution Reduction Target Aimed at Creating Good-Paying Union Jobs and Securing U.S. Leadership on Clean Energy Technologies."* On May 23, 2025, President Trump signed a series of executive orders aimed at accelerating the development and deployment of nuclear energy in the United States. These directives set forth a national objective to quadruple nuclear energy capacity by 2050 and direct federal agencies, including the DOE and the NRC, to implement policy reforms supporting the restart of shuttered plants, expedited licensing of new reactors, and expanded investment in advanced nuclear technologies such as small modular reactors (SMRs). The orders also emphasized strengthening the domestic uranium supply chain and supporting workforce development initiatives. These policy measures are expected to significantly impact the regulatory environment, capital access, and strategic direction of the nuclear energy sector.

The United States has taken numerous steps in recent years to reduce its dependence on carbon-emitting energy sources. The U.S. had previously set a goal to reach a 100% carbon pollution-free electricity system by 2035, and President Biden set a target of a 50 to 52% reduction from 2005 levels in economy-wide net greenhouse gas pollution by 2030, underlining the Biden administration's desire for new energy solutions which are at the core of our business plans. Additionally, the "net zero world" initiative signals the U.S.'s proactive stance in working with countries to lead a global transition to net zero emissions by 2050. While it remains unclear how the Trump administration will view the net world zero initiative, it has already voiced support for the advanced reactor industry and declared its intention to support the build back of the nuclear industry in the United States.

**Our Vision, Market Opportunity and Key Government Support**

We believe our achievements to date and our business plans are positioning our company to be a leading participant in the U.S. nuclear energy and technology industry through simultaneously rebuilding and introducing national capabilities to drive the resurgent nuclear energy industry. We further believe that our timing and approach into the industry have been optimal, with insight into national capability deficiencies and an understanding of the difficulties faced by other commercial nuclear energy, particularly microreactor, companies. Almost all microreactor companies have advanced using funds acquired from government grants or awards. Even with private funding, they have been stifled by lack of investor interest because of the long return timelines and high risks.

Despite the early stage of our company, we believe we are competitively differentiated in many ways.

●  ***Non-Dependent on Government Funding*** . Most small modular reactor (SMR) and microreactor companies are reliant on government grants and financing to progress their concepts. Consequently, their progress may cease once government funding is not available. Conversely, we do not rely on government funding to sustain our business operations.

●  ***Technical Insight*** . On the technical front, we have benefited from insight into the problems which affected earlier movers within the advanced reactor space. SMR companies have raised billions of dollars for development but have been stalled by needing to qualify fuel or coolants, or acquiring the fuel necessary to advance their reactors. This led to our investigations into de-risking our own fuel supply by pursuing development and investment into the fuel supply chain and examining our own fuel processing facility, as well as opting to use more conventional fuel with greater operational history. We believe we have identified certain problems affecting the industry and we are taking early action to surmount potential roadblocks.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

●  ***Government Contacts*** . Between 2024 and 2025, individuals with high placed government service and contacts joined our company. These include (i) John G. Vonglis, the former Chief Financial Officer of the DOE, who joined as our Executive Director of Global Government Affairs, (ii) Eric R. Oesterle, a former Branch Chief for Operating Reactor Licensing at the NRC, who joined as our Head of Microreactor Regulatory Licensing, (iii) David Tiktinsky, a forty year veteran of the NRC, who joined as our Head of Nuclear Regulatory Licensing and (iv) Dr. Seth Berl, a former Deputy Chief Data Officer at the DOE, who joined our board of directors. In addition, a number of former high-ranking military and government officials with significant experience in nuclear energy sit on our Executive Advisory Board. Our recruitment efforts were complemented by bringing in experts involved in every major part of the nuclear industry, from regulation to laboratories, to technical teams. We believe we will benefit from those government contacts as our company will be afforded access to highly skilled personnel possessing advanced expertise in the energy and nuclear sectors.

●  ***World Class Team*** . Our technical team is world class, with simple and realizable reactor concepts that do not require exotic fuels, and who are aware of all the difficulties faced by almost every other reactor company who has chosen designs which have complicated development and licensing. Our team has a deep knowledge of applicable regulatory requirements surrounding safety, transportation, and decommissioning, and our designs have incorporated all these considerations from the outset.

●  ***Government Initiatives*** . We believe that the U.S. government is increasingly showing strong support for nuclear energy through various initiatives aimed at advancing nuclear technology, all of which further our business plans and opportunities. This support has taken various forms, including legislation, grants, project funding and loan guarantees. Aside from the support for existing nuclear capabilities, all of these initiatives have the potential directly or indirectly to benefit and support our company.

**Our Competitive Strengths**

We believe we have the following competitive strengths relating to our various business lines:

*Nuclear Reactor Business.* Unlike other nuclear reactor companies, we are seeking to become a vertically integrated company with multiple streams of revenue, a diversified business to hedge against market changes, and greater control over industries supporting microreactor development, such as nuclear fuel and transportation. Our diversified business model will make us highly differentiated from other reactor companies. We believe we have an expertise advantage over other companies developing microreactors, as we can and have recruited some of the best scientists, engineers and professionals in the world from any country or institution, without being constrained by the available personnel located within certain academic and professional institutions. The technical personnel involved in the current design of our reactors have been involved with the design and development of dozens of different reactors.

*Fuel Processing Business.* We believe, based on our market research, that no SMR and microreactor company is currently developing an integrated fuel supply chain to produce the fuel for their reactors. Our strategy to develop fuel for our own reactors will also position us to supply fuel to the wider nuclear industry and other reactor manufacturers, addressing anticipated significant shortfalls in fuel supply.

*Fuel Transportation Business.* We identified a transportation concept which investigated a high capacity HALEU fuel transportation basket design, which was developed by INL, ORNL and PNNL, and funded by the DOE. The technology was pursued by DOE to create a full HALEU transportation package, which provided the most advanced solution to address the technological challenge of moving commercial quantities of HALEU fuel around North America. The development of this concept had not been continued by the DOE due to lack of funding. On April 3, 2024, we entered into the BEA License with BEA for this nuclear fuel transportation package, and have been working with the groups capable of aiding us in the development of the concept into an NRC certified and transportation package for the transportation of HALEU materials.

**Our Challenges**

We are a young company seeking to develop and launch an integrated nuclear energy business. Our efforts face and will continue to face many significant challenges, as our business involves complex nuclear technology, regulatory hurdles, and rapidly shifting market dynamics. These challenges include, but are not limited to, the following:

● Obtaining the necessary permits and licenses for nuclear reactors, facilities and transportation capabilities is time-consuming and expensive. Nuclear reactors must meet stringent safety and environmental standards, and gaining regulatory approval can be a lengthy endeavor. Additionally, ensuring the safety of a microreactor throughout its lifecycle is paramount. Developing, implementing, and maintaining robust safety systems and protocols are critical challenges. Implementing robust security measures to protect against theft, sabotage, or unauthorized access is also critical for both regulatory compliance and public safety.

● Building and operating a microreactor and our other nuclear energy-related technologies is very capital-intensive. Securing the necessary significant funding and managing costs, including but not limited to operational and maintenance costs, are ongoing challenges for our business.

● The political and regulatory landscape can change, impacting the stability and viability of nuclear projects. International agreements and geopolitical factors can also affect nuclear technology, access and export.

**Competition**

We face significant competition within our industry. Our competitors target similar power output ranges as we do and employ a range of technologies, including both adapted conventional technologies and novel nuclear reactor designs. In addition, we face competition outside the nuclear energy sector, including fossil fuel-based power generation, renewable energy sources, long duration energy storage solutions, and other nuclear reactor technologies. However, as described above in "Competitive Strengths", we believe we are positioned better than our competition to emerge as a leading supplier of carbon-free round the clock energy generation.

**Intellectual Property**

We have developed or acquired important intellectual property to protect our technologies.

As of the date of this prospectus, we have seven trademark applications pending before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

As of the date of this prospectus, we have six utility patent applications pending before the USPTO, and six corresponding utility patent applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) pending before the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), directed to various aspects of the ZEUS microreactor and power plant design. We also have a total of nine patent applications related to our acquired ALIP technology for small nuclear reactor cooling, which include four U.S. provisional applications, four U.S. utility applications, and one international PCT application. The U.S. utility applications are pending and awaiting examination by the USPTO, and the PCT application is awaiting national entry in about 18 months. Of the provisional applications, one remains pending and will expire in December 2025.

We also have an exclusive license for our fuel transportation technology, and intellectual property acquired from USNC, including 38 issued, pending or published patents, nine (reduced from 16 as of January 10, 2025 as we voluntarily abandoned seven) registered, pending or published trademarks, and any other technology and intellectual property related to the acquired businesses, rights related to a demonstration project related to the KRONOS MMR™ Energy System in the United States and the business records of the acquired businesses and related confidentiality rights.

**Corporate Information**

We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on February 8, 2022. Our principal executive office is located at 10 Times Square, 30<sup>th</sup> Floor, New York, NY 10018, and our telephone number is (212) 634-9206. Our website is www.nanonuclearenergy.com. Information contained on, or available through, our website does not constitute part of, and is not deemed incorporated by reference into, this prospectus, and investors should not rely on such information in deciding whether to purchase shares of our common stock.

**Summary of Consolidated Financial Information** 

The following table sets forth certain summary financial and other data for the periods ended and at the dates indicated below. Our summary financial information for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 has been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for such period incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Our summary financial information for the years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025, and the 2024 Annual Report (as defined below), each of which has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

***Statements of Operations***

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended** | **Three Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** | **Six Months Ended** |
|  | **March 31, 2025** | **March 31, 2024** | **March 31, 2025** | **March 31, 2024** |
| **<u>Operating expenses</u>** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | $15697178 | $1423309 | $18191748 | $2252205 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 6712543 | 290539 | 7617466 | 810555 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in fair value of contingent consideration | 78250 | - | 602500 | - |
| **Loss from operations** | 22487971 | 1713848 | 26411714 | 3062760 |
| Other income | 1179250 | 36220 | 1989631 | 71187 |
| **Net loss** | $(21308721) | $(1677628) | $(24422083) | $(2991573) |
| **Net loss per share of common stock:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $(0.57) | $(0.07) | $(0.69) | $(0.13) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $(0.57) | $(0.07) | $(0.69) | $(0.13) |
| **Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 37074514 | 23861244 | 35502417 | 23521208 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 37074514 | 23861244 | 35502417 | 23521208 |

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---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Year Ended**<br> **September 30, 2024** | **For the Year Ended**<br> **September 30, 2023** |
| **<u>Operating expenses</u>** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;General and administrative | $6850993 | $4749395 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Research and development | 3725565 | 1534000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in Fair Value of contingent consideration | (66000) | - |
| **Loss from operations** | (10510558) | (6283395) |
| Other income | 359002 | 32994 |
| **Net loss** | $(10151556) | $(6250401) |
| **Net loss per share of common stock:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $(0. 39) | $(0.28) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $(0. 39) | $(0.28) |

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 ****

***Statements of Changes in Mezzanine equity and Stockholders' Equity***

**For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2025**

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Common**<br>**shares** |<br>**Amount** | **Additional**<br> **paid-in**<br>**capital** | **Accumulated**<br>**deficit** | **Total**<br> **stockholders'**<br>**equity** |
| Balance as of September 30, 2024 | 30715663 | $3072 | $49038165 | $(17433781) | $31607456 |
| Common stock issuances | 4935294 | 494 | 101399518 |  | 101400012 |
| Offering costs |  |  | (9058856) |  | (9058856) |
| Exercise of warrants | 975974 | 97 | 14387311 |  | 14387408 |
| Exercise of stock options | 638000 | 64 | 1636436 |  | 1636500 |
| Equity-based compensation |  |  | 16476053 |  | 16476053 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | (24422083) | (24422083) |
| Balance as of March 31, 2025 | 37264931 | $3727 | $173878627 | $(41855864) | $132026490 |

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**For the Year Ended September 30, 2024**

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| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Mezzanine Equity** | **Mezzanine Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional<br> paid-in<br> capital** | **Accumulated deficit** | **Total** |
| Balance as of September 30, 2023 | 2000000 | $5000000 | 23184869 | $2319 | $9288553 | $(7282225) | $2008647 |
| Mezzanine equity conversion | (2000000) | (5000000) | 2000000 | 200 | 4999800 |  | 5000000 |
| Common stock issuances |  |  | 4804019 | 481 | 34953456 |  | 34953937 |
| Offering costs |  |  |  |  | (3629829) |  | (3629829) |
| R&D acquisition common stock issuances |  |  | 50000 | 5 | 786495 |  | 786500 |
| Exercise of warrants |  |  | 63775 | 6 | 1275494 |  | 1275500 |
| Exercise of stock options |  |  | 593000 | 59 | 1043941 |  | 1044000 |
| Equity-based compensation |  |  | 20000 | 2 | 320255 |  | 320257 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (10151556) | (10151556) |
| Balance as of September 30, 2024 | - | $- | 30715663 | $3072 | $49038165 | $(17433781) | $31607456 |

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**For the Year Ended September 30, 2023**

---

| | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Mezzanine Equity** | **Mezzanine Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** | **Permanent Equity** |
|  | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Shares** | **Amount** | **Additional<br> paid-in<br> capital** | **Accumulated deficit** | **Total** |
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 |  | $- | 20501500 | $2050 | $3139450 | $(1031824) | $2109676 |
| Common stock issuances | 2000000 | 5000000 | 2598369 | 260 | 3765109 |  | 3765369 |
| Equity-based compensation |  |  | 85000 | 9 | 2383994 |  | 2384003 |
| Net loss | - | - | - | - | - | (6250401) | (6250401) |
| Balance as of September 30, 2023 | 2000000 | $5000000 | 23184869 | $2319 | $9288553 | $(7282225) | $2008647 |

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 ****

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***Statements of Cash Flows***

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Six**<br> **Months Ended<br> March 31, 2025** | **For the Six**<br> **Months Ended<br> March 31, 2024** |
| **OPERATING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| **Net loss** | $(24422083) | $(2991573) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equity-based compensation | 16476053 | 152457 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of right-of-use assets | 133614 | 11878 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 39517 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Changes in fair value of contingent liability | 602500 |  |
| Change in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | 161725 | (429120) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposits | (284000) | (235235) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 1774018 | 109503 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Due to related parties | 5000 | (10000) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lease liabilities | (107323) | (17114) |
| **Net cash used in operating activities** | (5620979) | (3409204) |
| **INVESTING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In-process research and development | (9075045) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additions to property, plant and equipment | (3625846) | - |
| **Net cash used in investing activities** | (12700891) | - |
| **FINANCING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from common stock issuances | 101400012 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Offering costs | (9058856) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of warrants | 14387408 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 1636500 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from stock subscriptions |  | 2466437 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment of deferred offering costs | - | (55000) |
| **Net cash provided by financing activities** | 108365064 | 2411437 |
| **Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents** | 90043194 | (997767) |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 28507257 | 6952795 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $118550451 | $5955028 |
| **Non-cash transactions:** |  |  |
| Conversion from Mezzanine Equity to Stockholders' Equity | $- | $(5000000) |
| Inception of Right-of-Use Asset / Liability | $1026348 | $1926656 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **For the Year<br> Ended<br> September 30, 2024** | **For the Year**<br> **Ended**<br> **September 30, 2023** |
| **OPERATING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| **Net loss** | $(10151556) | $(6250401) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;R&D acquisition paid in equity | 786500 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Equity-based compensation | 320257 | 2384003 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of right of use asset | 96532 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation | 10393 |  |
| Change in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expenses | (628090) | (88409) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Deposits | (235235) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 571474 | 87234 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Due to related parties | (10000) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lease liability | 5079 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contingent liability | 770500 | - |
| **Net cash used in operating activities** | (8464146) | (3867573) |
| **INVESTING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Increase in long-term investments | (2000000) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Additions to property, plant and equipment | (1700000) | - |
| **Net cash provided by financing activities** | (3700000) | - |
| **FINANCING ACTIVITIES** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from common stock issuances | 34953937 | 8765369 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Offering costs | (3554829) | (75000) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of warrants | 1275500 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 1044000 | - |
| **Net cash provided by financing activities** | 33718608 | 8690369 |
| **Net increase in cash** | 21554462 | 4822796 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 6952795 | 2129999 |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $28507257 | $6952795 |
| **Non-Cash Supplemental Disclosures** |  |  |
| Right of use assets acquired in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $1926178 | $- |

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**THE OFFERING**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Common stock offered by us:** | Shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $400,000,000. |
| **Manner of offering** | "At the market offering" that may be made from time to time through our Sales Agents. See "Plan of Distribution" on page S-22 in this prospectus. |
| **Use of proceeds** | We intend to use the net proceeds from these sales for the advancement and development of our technologies, general corporate purposes, which may include investing in or acquiring synergistic or complementary businesses, assets or technologies, and working capital. See "Use of Proceeds" on page S-19 in this prospectus. |
| **Risk factors** | ***Investing in our securities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk*.** See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-17 of this prospectus and in the documents referred to therein and incorporated by reference in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock. |
| **Nasdaq symbol** | "NNE" |

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**RISK FACTORS**

***Investing in our securities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk.*** *Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors we describe in this prospectus, in addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed above under "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," together with the risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, respectively, and all other documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial could also adversely affect us. In addition, you should consider the following risks relevant to this offering.*

 

**Risks Related to This Offering**

***It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the Agreement, nor the gross proceeds resulting from those sales.***

Subject to certain limitations in the Agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a placement notice to the Sales Agents at any time throughout the term of the Agreement. The number of shares that are sold through the Sales Agents after delivering a placement notice will fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the market price of the common stock during the sales period, the limits we set with the Selling Sales Agent (as defined below) in any applicable placement notice and the demand for our common stock during the sales period. Because the price per share of each share sold will fluctuate during the sales period, it is not currently possible to predict the number of shares that will be sold or the gross proceeds to be raised in connection with those sales, if any.

***The common stock offered hereby will be sold in "at the market offerings,*" *and investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.***

Investors who purchase shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so they may experience different levels of dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices and numbers of shares sold in this offering. In addition, there is no minimum or maximum sales price for shares to be sold in this offering. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase in this offering as a result of sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.

 ****

***We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and our existing cash and may invest or spend the proceeds in ways with which you do not agree and in ways that may not yield a return on your investment.***

Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering, including for any of the purposes described in the section entitled "Use of Proceeds," and you will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding such application. You will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. Our management might not apply the net proceeds or our existing cash in ways that ultimately increase the value of your investment. If we do not invest or apply the net proceeds from this offering or our existing cash and cash equivalents in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expected business and financial results, which could cause our stock price to decline. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities. These investments may not yield a favorable return to our stockholders.

 ****

***If you purchase our common stock in this offering, you may experience immediate and substantial dilution.***

The offering price per share in this offering may exceed the net tangible book value per share of our common stock outstanding prior to this offering. Assuming that an aggregate of $400,000,000 of shares of our common stock are sold in this offering at a price of $34.25 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq on July 22, 2025, for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $388 million after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us, and after giving effect to the receipt, after March 31, 2025, of (a) the net proceeds of approximately $104,199,162 in return for the issuance of 3,888,889 shares of common stock in a private placement closed in June 2025, (b) $1,291,179 upon exercise of warrants, and (c) $648,000 upon exercise of options, you will experience immediate dilution of $22.51 per share. See "*Dilution*" on page S-20. The actual amount of dilution to investors in this offering will depend on the sales price at which we sell stock and our net tangible book value per share at the of any sale. See the section entitled "Dilution" below for a more detailed illustration of the dilution you may incur if you participate in this offering.

***If we issue equity securities in the future, your ownership in us could be diluted.***

Any issuance of equity we may undertake in the future to raise additional capital could cause the price of our common stock to decline and result in significant dilution for holders of our common stock. For example, from October 1, 2024 through March 31, 2025, we have issued 4,935,294 shares of common stock through equity financings, 975,974 shares of our common stock related to warrant exercises and 638,000 shares of our common stock related to stock option exercises. In addition, the vesting of restricted stock units and the exercise of outstanding stock options and warrants may result in further dilution of your investment.

 

***We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends on our common stock, which may adversely impact the market price of our stock.***

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends, if any, in the future is within the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, capital requirements and financial condition and other relevant facts. We currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, to finance the development and growth of our business. If we do not pay dividends, our stock may be less valuable to you because a return on your investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.

***Sales of a significant number of shares of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our common stock.***

Sales of a significant number of shares of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur as a result of our utilization of a universal shelf registration statement, our Agreement with the Sales Agents or otherwise could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We cannot predict the effect that future sales of our common stock or the market perception that we are permitted to sell a significant number of our securities would have on the market price of our common stock.

***We have a limited number of authorized shares of our common stock available for issuance which may limit our ability to issue securities in connection with capital raises, including this offering, for acquisitions or strategic partnerships or as compensation to our employees and directors in the future, unless we obtain stockholder approval to amend our amended articles of incorporation, referred to herein as our charter. Our inability to issue shares of our common stock could materially adversely affect our business and strategy.***

We have historically used our shares of common stock to raise capital, consummate acquisitions and compensate our employees and directors. We are currently authorized to issue 300,000,000 shares of common stock. As of July 22, 2025, 41,539,423 shares of common stock were outstanding. Additionally, as of July 22, 2025, there were 3,286,254 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, 3,814,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, and 350,748 shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units. We may not be able to offer and sell the total amount under the Agreement and this prospectus, nor be able to continue issuing securities to meet our business objectives, unless we increase the number of shares we are authorized to issue. There can be no assurance that we will elect to seek stockholder approval to increase our authorized shares of common stock under our charter or, if we do, that we will be able to secure the necessary stockholder approval to increase our authorized shares of common stock under our charter. Our inability to issue shares of our common stock could materially adversely affect our business and strategy.

**USE OF PROCEEDS**

We may issue and sell shares of our common stock having aggregate sale proceeds of up to $400,000,000 from time to time. The amount of proceeds from this offering will depend on the number of shares of our common stock sold in this offering and the price at which they are sold. There can be no assurance that we will be able to sell any shares under or fully utilize the Agreement with the Sales Agents as a source of financing. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering, if any, for the advancement and development of our technologies, general working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include investing in or acquiring synergistic or complementary businesses, assets or technologies, and working capital, although as of the date of this prospectus, we have not entered into any definitive agreements. Our management will have broad discretion to allocate the net proceeds, if any, we receive in connection with shares of our common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus for any purpose. Pending use of the net proceeds, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities or in cash or money market funds.

**DILUTION**

If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be immediately diluted to the extent of the difference between the price you pay per share and the adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock after this offering. "Net tangible book value" is total assets minus the sum of liabilities and intangible assets. "Net tangible book value per share" is net tangible book value divided by the total number of shares of common stock outstanding.

Our net tangible book value on March 31, 2025 was approximately $131 million, or $3.51 per share.

As of March 31, 2025, our pro forma net tangible book value was approximately $236 million or $5.70 per share of our common stock. Pro forma net tangible book value represents the amount of our total tangible assets less our total liabilities, after giving effect to the receipt, after March 31, 2025, of (a) the net proceeds of approximately $104,199,162 in return for the issuance of 3,888,889 shares of common stock in a private placement closed in June 2025, (b) $1,291,179 upon exercise of warrants, and (c) $648,000 upon exercise of options.

After giving effect to the above-mentioned pro forma adjustments and the sale of shares of our common stock in the aggregate amount of $400,000,000 in this offering at an assumed offering price of $34.25 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq on July 22, 2025, and after deducting estimated offering commissions and expenses payable by us, our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2025 would have been approximately $624 million or $11.74 per share of our common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $6.04 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $22.51 per share to investors participating in this offering. The following table illustrates this dilution per share to investors participating in this offering:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Assumed offering price per share | $34.25 |
| Net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2025 | $3.51 |
| Increase in net tangible book value per share | $2.19 |
| Pro forma net tangible book value per share, as of March 31, 2025, before giving effect to this offering | $5.70 |
| Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors | $6.04 |
| Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering | $11.74 |
| Dilution per share to new investors purchasing common stock in this offering | $22.51 |

---

The discussion and table above assume, for illustrative purposes, that an aggregate of approximately 11,678,833 shares of our common stock are sold at a price of $34.25 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq on July 22, 2025, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $400,000,000. However, the shares sold in the applicable offering, if any, will likely be sold from time to time at various prices.

The number of shares of our common stock that will be outstanding immediately after this offering as shown above was based on an aggregate of 41,539,423 shares of common stock outstanding as of July 22, 2025. The number of shares outstanding excluded the following as of July 22, 2025:

● 350,748 shares of our common stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units outstanding under our stock incentive plans;

● 3,814,000 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding under our stock incentive plans, 3,470,000 of which are currently exercisable, which have a weighted average exercise price of $10.23 per share; and

● 3,286,254 shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of our outstanding warrants, which have a weighted average exercise price of $24.07.

The dilution table above also excludes any securities, issued after July 22, 2025, including any shares issued upon vesting of any equity incentive awards.

To the extent that any of our outstanding options or warrants are exercised or restricted stock units vest, we grant additional options or other awards under our stock incentive plans or issue additional warrants or we issue additional shares of common stock in the future, investors may experience further dilution.

**DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING**

**General**

The following description is not complete and may not contain all the information you should consider before investing in our common stock. For a more detailed description of these securities, you should read the applicable provisions of Nevada law and our charter and bylaws.

Our authorized capital stock consists of 300,000,000 shares, par value $0.0001 per share, consisting of: 275,000,000 shares of common stock and 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, all of which are currently undesignated. Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded in the future.

**Common Stock**

As of July 22, 2025, there were 41,539,423 shares of the Company's common stock issued and outstanding. In addition, there were 3,286,254 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants, 3,814,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding stock options, and 350,748 shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units.

Our charter provides that each holder of common stock shall have the right to one (1) vote per share of common stock held of record by such holder as of the applicable record date on all matters submitted to a vote at any meeting of stockholders. The holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of assets or funds legally available for the payment of dividends of such times and in such amounts as our board of directors from time to time may determine. Our common stock is not entitled to pre-emptive rights and is not subject to redemption. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our company, the assets legally available for distribution to stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of our common stock after payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding payment of other claims of creditors. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future. Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the trading symbol "NNE." The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is VStock Transfer, LLC, 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, NY 11598.

**PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION**

We have entered into a sales agreement (the "Agreement") with TD Securities (USA) LLC ("TD Cowen"), UBS Securities LLC and Piper Sandler & Co. (each a "Sales Agent" and together, the "Sales Agents"), under which we may offer and sell up to $400,000,000 of shares of our common stock from time to time through the Sales Agents acting as agents, or directly to the Sales Agents acting as principals, in each case severally and not jointly. Sales pursuant to the Agreement may be made through affiliates of the Sales Agents.

Sales of our common stock, if any, under this prospectus may be made in negotiated transactions, including block trades, or transactions that are deemed to be "at the market" offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including sales made by means of ordinary brokers' transactions, including directly on Nasdaq, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange at prevailing market prices, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices, or by any other method permitted by law. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement, the Sales Agents will act as our sales agents using their commercially reasonable efforts consistent with their normal trading and sales practices. The Sales Agents are not required to sell any specific amount of our common stock. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement. As our agents, the Sales Agents will not engage in any transactions that stabilize the price of our common stock. The Sales Agents may also purchase shares of our common stock as principals.

We will designate the maximum amount of common stock to be sold through the applicable Sales Agent (in the case of each sale, the "Selling Sales Agent") on a daily basis or otherwise as we and the Sales Agents agree, and the minimum price per share at which such common stock may be sold. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement, the Selling Sales Agent will use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell on our behalf all of the designated common stock on such day. We or the Sales Agents may suspend the offering of our common stock at any time and from time to time by notifying the other party.

The Selling Sales Agent will provide us written confirmation following the close of trading on Nasdaq each day on which shares of our common stock are sold under the Agreement. Each confirmation will include (i) the amount of shares sold on such day, (ii) the aggregate gross offering proceeds received from such sale and the net proceeds to the Company and (iii) the compensation payable by us to the Selling Sales Agent with respect to such sales. Such compensation shall be set forth and invoiced in periodic statements from each Sales Agent to the Company, with payment to be made by the Company promptly after its receipt thereof. We will report at least quarterly the number of shares of common stock sold through the Sales Agents under the Agreement and the net proceeds to us in connection with the sales of the common stock.

The aggregate compensation payable to the Sales Agents equals up to 3.0% of the gross sales price of the shares sold through them pursuant to the Agreement. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the Sales Agents with respect to certain liabilities, including civil liabilities under the Securities Act. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. Except as we and the Sales Agents otherwise agree, we will reimburse the Sales Agents for the fees and disbursements of its counsel, in an amount not to exceed $75,000. We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding any commissions or expense reimbursement payable to the Sales Agents under the terms of the Agreement, will be approximately $500,000. The remaining proceeds, after deducting any other transaction fees, will equal our net proceeds from the sale of our shares in this offering.

Settlement for sales of common stock will occur, unless the Company and the Sales Agents agree otherwise, on the first business day that is also a trading day following the date on which such sales are made.

In connection with the sale of shares of common stock on our behalf, each of the Sales Agents will be deemed to be an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of the Sales Agents will be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions.

The Agreement may be terminated by any Sales Agent or us at any time upon notice to the other party, or by any Sales Agent at any time in certain circumstances set forth in the Agreement.

The Sales Agents and/or affiliates of the Sales Agents have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, various financial advisory and commercial and investment banking services for us and our affiliates, for which they have received and may in the future receive customary fees.

Our shares of common stock are listed on Nasdaq and trade under the symbol "NNE." The transfer agent of our common stock is VStock Transfer LLC.

**LEGAL MATTERS**

The validity of the issuance of the common stock offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Parsons Behle & Latimer, Reno, Nevada. The Sales Agents are being represented in connection with this offering by Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, Washington, D.C.

**EXPERTS**

The consolidated financial statements of Nano Nuclear Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, as of and for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, incorporated in this prospectus by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of WithumSmith+Brown, PC, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

**WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION**

This prospectus is part of the registration statement on Form S-3 that we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act and does not contain all the information set forth or incorporated by reference in the registration statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement, or to the exhibits to the reports or other documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, for a copy of such contract, agreement or other document. We file annual, quarterly and periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC, using its EDGAR system. The SEC provides free public access, through its website, to items publicly filed in the EDGAR system, including our items. The address of the SEC's website is <u>http//www.sec.gov</u>.

We also maintain a website at *www.nanonuclearenergy.com*. You may access these materials at our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus.

**INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE**

We are "incorporating by reference" in this prospectus certain documents we have filed or will file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings made with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (1) after the date of the initial registration statement, as amended, and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, and (2) after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering, from their respective filing dates (other than any portions thereof, which under the Exchange Act, and applicable SEC rules, are not deemed "filed" under the Exchange Act). Such information will automatically update and supersede the information contained in this prospectus and the documents listed below:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. Our Annual Report on [Form 10-K](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224052393/form10-k.htm) for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on December 30, 2024 (the "2024 Annual Report");

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2025, respectively, filed with the SEC on [February 13, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315225006474/form10-q.htm) and [May 15, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225010980/form10-q.htm), respectively (the "Quarterly Reports");

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Our Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on [February 28, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315225008757/formdef14a.htm) and our Proxy Statement Supplement filed with the SEC on [March 26, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225000759/formdefa14a.htm);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on [October 18, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224041573/form8-k.htm), [October 25, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224042558/form8-k.htm), [October 30, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224043004/form8-k.htm), [November 27, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224048054/form8-k.htm), [December 26, 2024](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224052094/form8-k.htm), [January 14, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315225002028/form8-k.htm), [March 12, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315225010036/form8-k.htm), [April 24, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225006005/form8-k.htm), [May 29, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225012866/form8-k.htm), [June 5, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225013857/form8-k.htm) and [June 10, 2025](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000164117225014529/form8-k.htm), respectively (excluding any information therein disclosed under Items 2.02 or 7.01 or any corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01 or included as an exhibit); and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The description of our shares of common stock contained in the our registration statement on [Form 8-A](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224017913/form8-a12b.htm), filed with the SEC on May 6, 2024.

In addition, all documents and/or reports that we file with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, and 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and prior to the termination or completion of any applicable offering of securities under this prospectus or the filing of a post-effective amendment to such registration statement that indicates that all securities offered under this prospectus have been sold, or that deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, will be deemed to be incorporated herein by reference and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, none of the information that we disclose under Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K, or any corresponding information furnished under Item 9.01 or included as an exhibit, that we may from time to time furnish to the SEC, will be incorporated by reference in, or otherwise included in, this prospectus, except as otherwise expressly set forth in the relevant document. Subject to the foregoing, all information appearing in this prospectus is qualified in its entirety by the information appearing in the documents incorporated by reference.

You may request, orally or in writing, a copy of the documents we incorporate by reference, which will be provided to you at no cost (other than exhibits, unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference), by contacting our Secretary, c/o Nano Nuclear Energy Inc. at 10 Times Square, 30th Floor, New York, NY 10018. Our telephone number is (212) 634-9206.

**Up to $400,000,000 of Shares of Common Stock**

**_____________________________________**

**PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS**

**_____________________________________**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **TD Cowen** | **UBS Investment Bank** | **Piper Sandler** |

---

**The date of this prospectus is [●], 2025.**

**PART II**

**INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS**

**Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.**

The Company is paying all expenses of the offering. The following table sets forth all expenses to be paid by the registrant. All amounts shown are estimates except for the registration fee.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| SEC registration fee | $94922 |
| Printing | \* |
| Legal and accounting fees and expenses | \* |
| Trustee fees and expenses | \* |
| Warrant agent fees and expenses | \* |
| Rights agent fees and expenses | \* |
| Miscellaneous | \* |
| Total | $\* |

---

\* These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time. The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the estimated amount of expenses of any offering of securities.

**Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.**

Nevada Revised Statutes ("NRS") 78.138(7) provides that, subject to limited statutory exceptions and unless the articles of incorporation or an amendment thereto (in each case filed on or after October 1, 2003) provide for greater individual liability, a director or officer is not individually liable to a corporation or its shareholders or creditors for any damages as a result of any act or failure to act in his or her capacity as a director or officer unless it is proven that: (i) the act or failure to act constituted a breach of his or her fiduciary duties as a director or officer and (ii) the breach of those duties involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of law.

NRS 78.7502(1) provides that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation), by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses, including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the action, suit or proceeding if the person (i) is not liable pursuant to NRS 78.138 or (ii) acted in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct was unlawful. NRS 78.7502(2) provides that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses, including amounts paid in settlement and attorneys' fees actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of the action or suit if the person (i) is not liable pursuant to NRS 78.138 or (ii) acted in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation. To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any such action, suit or proceeding, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the corporation shall indemnify him or her against expenses, including attorneys' fees, actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with the defense. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, does not, of itself, create a presumption that the person is liable pursuant to NRS 78.138 or did not act in good faith and in a manner which he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, or that, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, he or she had reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful. Indemnification may not be made for any claim, issue or matter as to which such a person has been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction, after exhaustion of all appeals therefrom, to be liable to the corporation or for amounts paid in settlement to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which the action or suit was brought or other court of competent jurisdiction determines upon application that in view of all the circumstances of the case, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses as the court deems proper.

NRS 78.7502(3) provides that any discretionary indemnification pursuant to NRS 78.7502 (unless ordered by a court or advanced pursuant to NRS 78.751(2)), may be made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee, or agent is proper in the circumstances. The determination must be made (i) by the shareholders; (ii) by the board of directors by majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding; (iii) if a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding so orders, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion; or (iv) if a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the action, suit or proceeding cannot be obtained, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion. NRS 78.751(2) provides that the corporation's articles of incorporation or bylaws, or an agreement made by the corporation, may provide that the expenses of officers and directors incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding must be paid by the corporation as they are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit or proceeding, upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation.

Under the NRS, the indemnification pursuant to NRS 78.7502 and advancement of expenses authorized in or ordered by a court pursuant to NRS 78.751:

● Does not exclude any other rights to which a person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the articles of incorporation or any bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, for either an action in the person's official capacity or an action in another capacity while holding office, except that indemnification, unless ordered by a court pursuant to NRS 78.7502 or for the advancement of expenses made pursuant to NRS 78.751(2), may not be made to or on behalf of any director or officer if a final adjudication establishes that the director's or officer's acts or omissions involved intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the la w and was material to the cause of action; and

● Continues for a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee, or agent and inures to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

A right to indemnification or to advancement of expenses arising under a provision of the articles of incorporation or any bylaw is not eliminated or impaired by an amendment to such provision after the occurrence of the act or omission that is the subject of the civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification or advancement of expenses is sought, unless the provision in effect at the time of such act or omission explicitly authorizes such elimination or impairment after such action or omission has occurred.

Our governing documents provide that to the fullest extent permitted under the NRS (including, without limitation, to the fullest extent permitted under NRS 78.7502 and 78.751(3)) and other applicable law, that we shall indemnify our directors and officers in their respective capacities as such and in any and all other capacities in which any of them serves at our request.

**Item 16. Exhibits.**

The following exhibits are filed with this Registration Statement.

The agreements included or incorporated by reference as exhibits to this registration statement contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties were made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and (i) were not intended to be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; (ii) may have been qualified in such agreement by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement; (iii) may apply contract standards of "materiality" that are different from "materiality" under the applicable securities laws; and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement.

The undersigned registrant acknowledges that, notwithstanding the inclusion of the foregoing cautionary statements, it is responsible for considering whether additional specific disclosures of material information regarding material contractual provisions are required to make the statements in this registration statement not misleading.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit** <br>**Number** | <br>**Description of Document** |
| 1.1 | Form of Underwriting Agreement\*\* |
| 1.2 | [Sales Agreement, dated July 25, 2025, by and among Nano Nuclear Energy Inc., TD Securities (USA) LLC, UBS Securities LLC and Piper Sandler & Co.\*^](ex1-2.htm) |
| 4.1 | [Specimen Common Stock Certificate Evidencing the Shares of Common Stock (1)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1923891/000149315224010521/ex4-1.htm) |
| 4.1 | Form of Certificate of Designation of Preferred Stock\*\* |
| 4.2 | Form of Stock Purchase Contract\*\* |
| 4.3 | Form of Warrant Agreement and Form of Warrant Certificate\*\* |
| 4.4 | Form of Subscription Rights Agreement and Form Subscription Rights Certificate\*\* |
| 4.5 | [Form of Indenture\*](ex4-5.htm) |
| 4.6 | Form of Note\*\* |
| 4.7 | Form of Debt Securities\*\* |
| 5.1 | [Opinion of Parsons Behle & Latimer\*](ex5-1.htm) |
| 23.1 | [Consent of WithumSmith+Brown, PC\*](ex23-1.htm) |
| 23.2 | [Consent of Parsons Behle & Latimer (included in Exhibit 5.1) \*](ex5-1.htm) |
| 24.1 | [Power of Attorney (included in Part II of this Registration Statement)\*](#poa_01) |
| 25.1 | Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1\*\*+ |
| 101. INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document\* |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document\* |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document\* |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document\* |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document\* |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document\* |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (Embedded as Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101)\* |
| 107 | [Calculation of Filing Fee Table\*](ex107.htm) |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| \* | Filed herewith. |
| \*\* | If applicable, to be filed by an amendment or as an exhibit to a report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act and incorporated by reference. |
| + | To be filed pursuant to Rule 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act. |
| (1) | Filed as an exhibit to the registrant's Registration on Form S-1 (File No. 333-278076), filed with the SEC on May 1, 2024. |

---

^ Certain portions of the exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(6) of Regulation S-K. The Company hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted portion to the SEC upon request.

**Item 17. Undertakings.**

(a) The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration statement; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

*provided* , *however*, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference in the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York, on this 25<sup>th</sup> day of July, 2025.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **NANO NUCLEAR ENERGY INC.** | **NANO NUCLEAR ENERGY INC.** |
| By: | */s/ James Walker* |
|  | James Walker |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |

---

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that each individual whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints James Walker and Jay Jiang Yu, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities (including his or her capacity as a director and/or officer of Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.), to sign any and all amendments, including post-effective amendments, to this registration statement, and to sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by this registration statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933 increasing the number of shares for which registration is sought, and all post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and all documents in connection therewith, making such changes in this registration statement as such attorney-in-fact and agent so acting deem appropriate, with the SEC, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done with respect to the offering of securities contemplated by this registration statement, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his, her or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done or by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Name** | **Position** | **Date** |
| */s/ Jay Jiang Yu* | Chairman of the Board, President and Secretary | July 25, 2025 |
| Jay Jiang Yu |  |  |
| */s/ James Walker* | Chief Executive Officer and Director | July 25, 2025 |
| James Walker | *(Principal Executive Officer)* |  |
| */s/ Jaisun Garcha* | Chief Financial Officer | July 25, 2025 |
| Jaisun Garcha | *(Principal Accounting Officer)* |  |
| */s/ Tsun Yee Law* | Independent Director | July 25, 2025 |
| Tsun Yee Law |  |  |
| */s/ Diane Hare* | Independent Director | July 25, 2025 |
| Diane Hare |  |  |
| */s/ Kenny Yu* | Independent Director | July 25, 2025 |
| Dr. Kenny Yu |  |  |
| */s/ Seth Berl* | Independent Director | July 25, 2025 |
| Seth Berl |  |  |

---

## Exhibit 1.2

**Exhibit 1.2**

**CERTAIN IDENTIFIED INFORMATION HAS BEEN EXCLUDED FROM THE EXHIBIT BECAUSE DISCLOSURE OF SUCH INFORMATION WOULD CONSTITUTE A CLEARLY UNWARRANTED INVASION OF PERSONAL PRIVACY. REDACTED INFORMATION IS MARKED WITH A [\*\*\*\*\*].**

**Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.**

**$400,000,000**

**COMMON STOCK**

**<u>SALES AGREEMENT</u>**

July 25, 2025

TD Securities (USA) LLC

1 Vanderbilt Avenue

New York, New York 10017

UBS Securities LLC

1285 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10019

Piper Sandler & Co.

1251 6<sup>th</sup> Avenue, 6<sup>th</sup> Floor

New York, NY 10020

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Nano Nuclear Energy Inc. (the "**<u>Company</u>**"), confirms its agreement (this "**<u>Agreement</u>**") with TD Securities (USA) LLC ("**<u>TD Cowen</u>**"), UBS Securities LLC and Piper Sandler & Co. (each a "**<u>Sales Agent</u>**" and together, the "**<u>Sales Agents</u>**"), as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. <u>Issuance and Sale of Shares</u>. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell to or through the Sales Agents, acting as agents and/or principals, shares (the "**<u>Placement Shares</u>**") of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "**<u>Common Stock</u>**"), having an aggregate offering price of up to $400,000,000 (the "**<u>Maximum Amount</u>**"). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitation set forth in this <u>Section 1</u> on the number of shares of Placement Shares issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company, and the Sales Agents shall have no obligation in connection with such compliance. The issuance and sale of Placement Shares through the Sales Agents will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement (as defined below) filed by the Company and after such Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "**<u>Commission</u>**"), although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement (as defined below) to issue the Placement Shares. The Company acknowledges and agrees that sales of Placement Shares under this Agreement may be made through affiliates of the Sales Agents, and that a Sales Agent may otherwise fulfill its obligations pursuant to this Agreement to or through an affiliated broker-dealer.

The Company shall file, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the "**<u>Securities Act</u>**"), with the Commission a registration statement on Form S-3, including a base prospectus, relating to certain securities, including the Common Stock, to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the "**<u>Exchange Act</u>**"). The Company has prepared a prospectus specifically relating to the Placement Shares (the "**<u>ATM Prospectus</u>**") to the base prospectus included as part of such registration statement, and shall, if necessary, prepare a prospectus supplement specifically relating to the Placement Shares (the "**<u>Prospectus Supplement</u>**") to the base prospectus included as part of such registration statement. The Company shall furnish to the Sales Agents, for use by the Sales Agents, copies of the prospectus included as part of such registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, if any, relating to the Placement Shares. Except where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement, and any post-effective amendment thereto, as amended when it becomes effective, including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B or 462(b) of the Securities Act, or any subsequent registration statement on Form S-3 filed pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act by the Company to cover any Placement Shares, is herein called the "**<u>Registration Statement</u>**." The base prospectus, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it may be supplemented by the ATM Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, if any, in the form in which such prospectus, ATM Prospectus and/or Prospectus Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, together with any "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433 of the Securities Act regulations ("**<u>Rule 433)</u>**, relating to the Placement Shares that (i) is consented to by the Sales Agents and filed only after the Company ceases to be an "ineligible issuer," as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, hereinafter referred to as a "**<u>Permitted Free Writing Prospectus</u>**," (ii) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company or (iii) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i), in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company's records pursuant to Rule 433(g), is herein called the "**<u>Prospectus</u>**." Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein, and any reference herein to the terms "amend," "amendment" or "supplement" with respect to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing after the execution hereof of any document with the Commission deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include any copy filed with the Commission pursuant to the Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval System ("**<u>EDGAR</u>**").

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. <u>Placements</u>. Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell the Placement Shares hereunder (each, a "**<u>Placement</u>**"), it will notify a Sales Agent of its choosing by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to in writing by the Company and each Sales Agent) (a "**<u>Placement Notice</u>**") containing the parameters in accordance with which it desires the Placement Shares to be sold, which shall at a minimum include the number of Placement Shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one Trading Day (as defined in <u>Section 3</u>) and any minimum price below which sales may not be made, a form of which containing such minimum sales parameters necessary is attached hereto as **<u>Schedule 1</u>**. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on **<u>Schedule 2</u>** (with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such schedule), and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from such Sales Agent set forth on **<u>Schedule 2</u>**, as such **<u>Schedule 2</u>** may be amended from time to time. The Placement Notice shall be effective upon receipt by such Sales Agent unless and until (i) in accordance with the notice requirements set forth in <u>Section 4</u>, such Sales Agent declines to accept the terms contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion, (ii) the entire amount of the Placement Shares specified in such Placement Notice have been sold, (iii) in accordance with the notice requirements set forth in <u>Section 4</u>, the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice, (iv) the Company issues a subsequent Placement Notice with parameters superseding those on the earlier dated Placement Notice, or (v) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of <u>Section 11</u>. The amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to be paid by the Company to such Sales Agent in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in **<u>Schedule 3</u>**. It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor any Sales Agent will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to such Sales Agent and such Sales Agent does not decline such Placement Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control.

The Company agrees that any offer to sell Placement Shares, any solicitation of an offer to buy Placement Shares, or any sales of Placement Shares hereunder shall only be effected by or through a Sales Agent, and only a single Sales Agent of the Company's choosing, on any single given day and the Company shall in no event request that more than one Sales Agent offer or sell Placement Shares on the same day.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. <u>Sale of Placement Shares by Sales Agents.</u> Subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, upon the Company's delivery of a Placement Notice, and unless the sale of the Placement Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, superseded, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, each specified Sales Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("**<u>Nasdaq</u>**") to sell such Placement Shares, up to the amount specified, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. Such Sales Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the Company set forth on **<u>Schedule 2</u>**, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the volume-weighted average price of the Placement Shares sold, and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company. In the event the Company engages a Sales Agent for a sale of Placement Shares that would constitute a "block" within the meaning of Rule 10b-18(a)(5) under the Exchange Act (a "**<u>Block Sale</u>**"), the Company will provide such Sales Agent, at such Sales Agent's request and upon reasonable advance notice to the Company, on or prior to the Settlement Date (as defined below), the opinions of counsel, accountant's letter and officers' certificates set forth in <u>Section 8</u> hereof, each dated the Settlement Date, and such other documents and information as such Sales Agent shall reasonably request. A Sales Agent may sell Placement Shares in negotiated transactions, including block trades or Block Sales, or by any method permitted by law deemed to be an "at the market" offering as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made through Nasdaq or on any other existing trading market for the Common Stock, or by any other method permitted by law. No Sales Agent shall purchase Placement Shares for its own account as principal unless expressly authorized to do so by the Company in a Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that a Sales Agent will be successful in selling Placement Shares, and (ii) such Sales Agent will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by such Sales Agent to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such Placement Shares as required under this <u>Section 3</u>. For the purposes hereof, "**<u>Trading Day</u>**" means any day on which the Company's Common Stock is purchased and sold on the principal market on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Company shall not offer, sell or deliver, or request the offer or sale, of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement and, by notice to the applicable Sales Agent given by telephone (confirmed promptly by email), shall cancel any instructions for the offer or sale of any Placement Shares, and the Sales Agents shall not be obligated to offer or sell any Placement Shares, (i) during any period in which the Company is, or could be deemed to be, in possession of material non-public information, or (ii) at any time from and including the date on which the Company shall issue a press release containing, or shall otherwise publicly announce, its earnings, revenues or other results of operations (an "**<u>Earnings Announcement</u>**") through and including the time that the Company files a Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or an Annual Report on Form 10-K that includes consolidated financial statements as of and for the same period or periods, as the case may be, covered by such Earnings Announcement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. <u>Suspension of Sales</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The Company or a Sales Agent may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on **<u>Schedule 2</u>**, if receipt of such correspondence is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on **<u>Schedule 2</u>**), suspend any sale of Placement Shares; *provided, however*, that such suspension shall not affect or impair either party's obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such notice. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this <u>Section 4</u> shall be effective against the other unless it is made to one of the individuals named on **<u>Schedule 2</u>** hereto, as such schedule may be amended from time to time.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) If a Sales Agent or the Company has reason to believe that the exemptive provisions set forth in Rule 101(c)(1) of Regulation M under the Exchange Act are not satisfied with respect to the Common Stock, it shall promptly notify the other parties, and either such Party may, at its sole discretion, suspend sales of the Placement Shares under this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, during any period in which the Registration Statement is no longer effective under the Securities Act, the Company shall promptly notify each Sales Agent, the Company shall not request the sale of any Placement Shares, and no Sales Agent shall be obligated to sell or offer to sell any Placement Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. <u>Settlement.</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Settlement of Placement Shares</u>. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares will occur on the first (1<sup>st</sup>) Trading Day following the date on which such sales are made (each, a "**<u>Settlement Date</u>**" and the first such settlement date, the "**<u>First Delivery Date</u>**"). The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the "**<u>Net Proceeds</u>**") will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by the applicable Sales Agent at which such Placement Shares were sold, after deduction for (i) such Sales Agent's commission, discount or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to <u>Section 2</u> hereof, (ii) any other amounts which may be due and payable by the Company to such Sales Agent hereunder pursuant to <u>Section 7(g)</u> (Expenses) hereof, and (iii) any transaction fees imposed by any governmental or self-regulatory organization in respect of such sales.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>Delivery of Placement Shares</u>. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent to, electronically transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting the Sales Agent's or its designee's account (provided that such Sales Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee prior to the Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradeable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, such Sales Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver duly authorized Placement Shares on a Settlement Date, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in <u>Section 9(a)</u> (Indemnification and Contribution) hereto, it will (i) hold such Sales Agent harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or expense (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company and (ii) pay to such Sales Agent (without duplication) any commission, discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled hereunder absent such default.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. <u>Representations and Warranties of the Company</u>. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each Sales Agent that as of (i) the date of this Agreement, (ii) each Time of Sale (as defined below), (iii) each Settlement Date, and (iv) each Bring-Down Date (as defined below) (each date included in (i) through (iv), a "**<u>Representation Date</u>**"):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Compliance with Registration Requirements</u>. Prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice by the Company, the Registration Statement will have been declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act. The Company has complied to the Commission's satisfaction with all requests of the Commission for additional or supplemental information. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, contemplated or threatened by the Commission. The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The sale of the Placement Shares hereunder meets the requirements of General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>No Misstatement or Omission</u> . The Prospectus when filed complied in all material respects and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will comply in all material respects, with the Securities Act. Each of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any post-effective amendments or supplements thereto, at the time it became effective or its date, as applicable, complied , and if these representations and warranties are being made as of a Representation Date, complied on such Representation Date, in all material respects with the Securities Act and did not, and if these representations and warranties are being made as of a Representation Date, did not on such Representation Date, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, as of its date, did not, and if these representations and warranties are being made as of a Representation Date, did not on such Representation Date, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The representations and warranties set forth in the two immediately preceding sentences do not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to Agents' Information (as defined below). There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement which have not been described or filed as required. As used herein, "**<u>Time of Sale</u>**" means with respect to each offering of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, the time of a Sales Agent's initial entry into contracts with purchasers for the sale of such Placement Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) <u>Offering Materials Furnished to Sales Agents</u>. The Company has delivered or will deliver to each Sales Agent one complete copy of the Registration Statement and a copy of each consent and certificate of experts filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits) and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, in such quantities and at such places as such Sales Agent has reasonably requested. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus and, when the Company is no longer an ineligible issuer, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus (to the extent any such Permitted Free Writing Prospectus was required to be filed with the Commission) delivered to each Sales Agent for use in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares contemplated herein have been and will be identical to the versions of such documents transmitted to the Commission for filing via EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Emerging Growth Company</u>. The Company is an "emerging growth company," as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act as of the date hereof. However, the Sales Agents acknowledge that they have been advised that the Company will cease to qualify as an "emerging growth company" and a "smaller reporting company" under the Exchange Act as of September 30, 2025. Beginning with the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, the Company will be classified as a "large accelerated filer" under the Exchange Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) <u>Ineligible Issuer</u>. The Company is, as of the date hereof, an "ineligible issuer" as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. The Company will not use or refer to, any "free writing prospectus" as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act, for so long as it remains an "ineligible issuer."

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) <u>Distribution of Offering Material By the Company</u>. The Company has not distributed and will not distribute, prior to the completion of the Sales Agents' distribution of the Placement Shares, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares other than the Prospectus or the Registration Statement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) <u>The Sales Agreement</u>. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by, and is a valid and binding agreement of, the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnification hereunder may be limited by applicable law and except as the enforcement hereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general equitable principles.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) <u>Authorization of the Placement Shares</u>. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered, will be duly authorized for issuance and sale pursuant to this Agreement and, when issued and delivered by the Company against payment therefor pursuant to this Agreement, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim, and the issuance and sale of the Placement Shares by the Company is not subject to preemptive or other similar rights arising by operation of law, under the organizational documents of the Company or under any agreement to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or otherwise.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) <u>No Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights</u>. There are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debt securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such rights as have been duly waived.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) <u>No Material Adverse Change</u>. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Prospectus: (i) there has been no material adverse change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, operations or prospects, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one entity (any such change is called a "**<u>Material Adverse Change</u>**"); (ii) the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one entity, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct or contingent, not in the ordinary course of business nor entered into any material transaction or agreement not in the ordinary course of business; and (iii) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company or, except for regular quarterly dividends publicly announced by the Company or dividends paid to the Company or other Subsidiaries, by any of its Subsidiaries on any class of capital stock or repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of any class of capital stock.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) <u>Independent Accountants</u>. WithumSmith+Brown, PC, who has expressed its opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement includes the related notes thereto) and supporting schedules filed with the Commission or incorporated by reference as a part of the Registration Statement and included in the Prospectus, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) <u>Preparation of the Financial Statements</u>. The financial statements filed with the Commission as a part of or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and included in the Prospectus present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of and at the dates indicated and the results of their operations and cash flows for the periods specified. The supporting schedules included in or incorporated in the Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated therein. Such financial statements and supporting schedules have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto. No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in or incorporated in the Registration Statement. The financial data set forth or incorporated in the Prospectus under the caption "Summary of Consolidated Financial Information" fairly presents the information set forth therein on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements contained, incorporated or deemed to be incorporated in the Registration Statement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) <u>XBRL</u>. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in each Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission's rules and guidelines applicable thereto.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n) <u>Incorporation and Good Standing of the Company and its Subsidiaries</u>. The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Nevada and has corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated herein and therein. Each subsidiary of the Company (each a "**<u>Subsidiary</u>**") has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation or limited liability company in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization and has the requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or foreign partnership to transact business and is in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation and each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except for such jurisdictions where the failure to so qualify or to be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change. Except as described in the Prospectus, all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of the Subsidiaries have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and are owned by the Company free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance or claim. The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than (i) the Subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the most recently ended fiscal year, (ii) those Subsidiaries not required to be listed on Exhibit 21.1 by Item 601 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act and (iii) those Subsidiaries formed since the last day of the most recently ended fiscal year.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) <u>Capital Stock Matters</u>. The Common Stock conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus. All of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with federal and state securities laws. None of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. There are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity or debt securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries other than those accurately described in all material respects in the Prospectus. The description of the Company's stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in the Prospectus accurately and fairly presents in all material respects the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(p) <u>Non-Contravention of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required</u>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of its charter or by-laws or is in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, would be in default) ("**<u>Default</u>**") under any indenture, mortgage, loan or credit agreement, note, contract, franchise, lease or other instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound, or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject (each, an "**<u>Existing Instrument</u>**"), except in each case for such Defaults as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change. The Company's execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Prospectus (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and will not result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws of the Company or any Subsidiary, (ii) will not conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to, or require the consent of any other party to, any Existing Instrument, except for such conflicts, breaches, Defaults, liens, charges or encumbrances as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change and (iii) will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative or court decree applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary. No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court or other governmental or regulatory authority or agency, is required for the Company's execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Prospectus, except such as have been obtained or made by the Company and are in full force and effect under the Securities Act, applicable state securities or blue sky laws and from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("**<u>FINRA</u>**").

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(q) <u>No Material Actions or Proceedings</u>. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, there are no legal or governmental actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to the best of the Company's knowledge, threatened (i) against or affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) which has as the subject thereof any officer or director of, or property owned or leased by, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (iii) relating to environmental or discrimination matters, where in any such case (A) there is a reasonable possibility that such action, suit or proceeding might be determined adversely to the Company or such Subsidiary and (B) any such action, suit or proceeding, if so determined adversely, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change or adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the Company's knowledge, is threatened or imminent.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(r) <u>All Necessary Permits, etc</u>. The Company and each Subsidiary possess such valid and current certificates, authorizations or permits issued by the appropriate state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to conduct their respective businesses, other than those the failure to possess or own would not result in a Material Adverse Change, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such certificate, authorization or permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, could result in a Material Adverse Change.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(s) <u>Tax Law Compliance</u>. The Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries have filed all necessary federal, state and foreign income, property and franchise tax returns and have paid all taxes required to be paid by any of them and, if due and payable, any related or similar assessment, fine or penalty levied against any of them except as may be being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings. The Company has made adequate charges, accruals and reserves in the applicable financial statements referred to in <u>Section 6(l)</u> above in respect of all federal, state and foreign income, property and franchise taxes for all periods as to which the tax liability of the Company or any of its consolidated Subsidiaries has not been finally determined.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(t) <u>Not an "Investment Company</u>". The Company has been advised of the rules and requirements under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "**<u>Investment Company Act</u>**"). The Company is not, and after receipt of payment for the Common Stock will not be, an "investment company" within the meaning of Investment Company Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(u) <u>Insurance</u>. Except as otherwise described in the Prospectus, each of the Company and its Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility with policies in such amounts and with such deductibles and covering such risks as are generally deemed prudent and customary for the business for which it is engaged including, but not limited to, policies covering real and personal property owned or leased by the Company and its Subsidiaries against theft, damage, destruction, acts of vandalism and earthquakes. The Company has no reason to believe that it or any Subsidiary will not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Change.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) <u>No Price Stabilization or Manipulation</u>. The Company has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might be reasonably expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(w) <u>Related Party Transactions</u>. There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any Subsidiary or any other person required to be described or incorporated by reference in the Prospectus which have not been described as required.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(x) <u>Exchange Act Compliance</u>. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, at the time they were or hereafter are filed with the Commission, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act, and, when read together with the other information in the Prospectus, at the Settlement Dates, will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(y) <u>No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments</u>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, employee, agent, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government officials or employees, political parties or campaigns, political party officials, or candidates for political office from corporate funds; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable anti-corruption laws, rules, or regulations of any other jurisdiction in which the Company or any Subsidiary conducts business; or (iv) made any other unlawful bribe, rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment to any person.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(z) <u>Compliance with Money Laundering Laws</u>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), and the applicable anti-money laundering statutes of jurisdictions where the Company and its Subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the "**<u>Anti-Money Laundering Laws</u>**"), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority, body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending, or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(aa) <u>Compliance with OFAC</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(A) Neither
 the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any director, officer or employee thereof, nor
 to the Company's knowledge, any agent, affiliate, representative, or other person acting
 on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, is an individual or entity ("  **<u>Person</u>** ")
 that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is: (i) the subject of any economic,
 financial or trade sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury's
 Office of Foreign Assets Control ("  **<u>OFAC</u>** "), the United Nations Security
 Council, the European Union ("  **<u>EU</u>** "), His Majesty's Treasury,
 the Swiss Secretariat of Economic Affairs, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively,
 "  **<u>Sanctions</u>** "), nor (ii) located, organized, or resident in a country
 or territory that is the subject of a U.S. government embargo (including, without limitation,
 the so-called Donetsk People's Republic, the so-called Luhansk People's Republic,
 the Crimea Region of Ukraine, the non-government controlled areas of the Zaporizhzhia and
 Kherson Regions, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Syria).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(B) The
 Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the Net Proceeds, or lend, contribute or otherwise
 make available such Net Proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person:
 (i) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person that, at the time
 of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of Sanctions, or in any country or territory
 that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject of a U.S. government embargo;
 or (ii) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including
 any Sales Agent)

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(C) Since
 April 24, 2019, the Company and its Subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now
 knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any direct or indirect dealings or transactions
 with any Person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions
 or any country or territory that, at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the
 subject of a U.S. government embargo.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(bb) <u>Company's Accounting System</u>. The Company maintains a system of "internal control over financial reporting" (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the General Rules and Regulations under the Exchange Act (the "**<u>Exchange Act Rules</u>**")) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act and has been designed by its principal executive and principal financial officers, or under their supervision, to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is effective. Except as described in the Prospectus, since the end of the Company's most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (A) no material weakness in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (B) no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(cc) <u>Disclosure Controls</u>. The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act Rules) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management to allow timely decisions regarding disclosures. The Company has conducted evaluations of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls as required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(dd) <u>Compliance with Environmental Laws</u>. Except as otherwise described in the Prospectus, and except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change (i) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign law or regulation relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including without limitation, laws and regulations relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum and petroleum products (collectively, "**<u>Materials of Environmental Concern</u>**"), or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Materials of Environmental Concern (collectively, "**<u>Environmental Laws</u>**"), which violation includes, but is not limited to, noncompliance with any permits or other governmental authorizations required for the operation of the business of the Company or its Subsidiaries under applicable Environmental Laws, or noncompliance with the terms and conditions thereof, nor has the Company or any of its Subsidiaries received any written communication, whether from a governmental authority, citizens group, employee or otherwise, that alleges that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any Environmental Law; (ii) there is no claim, action or cause of action filed with a court or governmental authority, no investigation with respect to which the Company has received written notice, and no written notice by any person or entity alleging potential liability for investigatory costs, cleanup costs, governmental responses costs, natural resources damages, property damages, personal injuries, attorneys' fees or penalties arising out of, based on or resulting from the presence, or release into the environment, of any Material of Environmental Concern at any location owned, leased or operated by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, now or in the past (collectively, "**<u>Environmental Claims</u>**"), pending or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any person or entity whose liability for any Environmental Claim the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of law; and (iii) to the best of the Company's knowledge, there are no past or present actions, activities, circumstances, conditions, events or incidents, including, without limitation, the release, emission, discharge, presence or disposal of any Material of Environmental Concern, that reasonably could result in a violation of any Environmental Law or form the basis of a potential Environmental Claim against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or against any person or entity whose liability for any Environmental Claim the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ee) <u>Intellectual Property</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess the valid right to use all (i) patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark registrations, service marks, service mark registrations, Internet domain name registrations, copyrights, copyright registrations, licenses, trade secret rights ("**<u>Intellectual Property Rights</u>**") and (ii) inventions, software, works of authorships, trademarks, service marks, trade names, databases, formulae, know how, Internet domain names and other intellectual property (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary confidential information, systems, or procedures) (collectively, "**<u>Intellectual Property Assets</u>**") necessary to conduct their respective businesses as currently conducted, and as proposed to be conducted and described in the Prospectus. The Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any opinion from their legal counsel concluding that any activities of their respective businesses infringe, misappropriate, or otherwise violate, valid and enforceable Intellectual Property Rights of any other person, and have not received written notice of any challenge, which is to their knowledge still pending, by any other person to the rights of the Company and its Subsidiaries with respect to any Intellectual Property Rights or Intellectual Property Assets owned or used by the Company or its Subsidiaries. To the knowledge of the Company, the Company and its Subsidiaries' respective businesses as now conducted do not give rise to any infringement of, any misappropriation of, or other violation of, any valid and enforceable Intellectual Property Rights of any other person. All licenses for the use of the Intellectual Property Rights described in the Prospectus are valid, binding upon, and enforceable by or against the parties thereto in accordance to its terms. The Company has complied in all material respects with, and is not in breach nor has received any asserted or threatened claim of breach of any Intellectual Property license, and the Company has no knowledge of any breach or anticipated breach by any other person to any Intellectual Property license. Except as described in the Prospectus, no claim has been made against the Company alleging the infringement by the Company of any patent, trademark, service mark, trade name, copyright, trade secret, license in or other intellectual property right or franchise right of any person. The Company has taken all reasonable steps to protect, maintain and safeguard its Intellectual Property Rights, including the execution of appropriate nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not result in the loss or impairment of or payment of any additional amounts with respect to, nor require the consent of any other person in respect of, the Company's right to own, use, or hold for use any of the Intellectual Property Rights as owned, used or held for use in the conduct of the business as currently conducted.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ff) <u>Listing</u>. The Company is subject to and in compliance in all material respects with the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act and is listed on the Nasdaq, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or reasonably likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting the Common Stock from Nasdaq, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or Nasdaq is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. All of the Placement Shares that have been or may be sold under this Agreement have been approved for listing on the Nasdaq, subject to official notice of issuance; the Company has taken all necessary actions to ensure that, upon and at all times after the Nasdaq shall have approved the Placement Shares for listing, it will be in compliance with all applicable corporate governance requirements set forth in the Nasdaq's listing rules that are then in effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(gg) <u>Brokers</u>. Except for the Sales Agents, there is no broker, finder or other party that is entitled to receive from the Company any brokerage or finder's fee or other fee or commission as a result of any transactions contemplated by this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(hh) <u>No Outstanding Loans or Other Indebtedness</u>. Except as described in the Prospectus, there are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees of indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company or any of the members of any of them.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) <u>No Reliance</u>. The Company has not relied upon any Sales Agent or legal counsel for any Sales Agent for any legal, tax or accounting advice in connection with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(jj) <u>Lending Relationship</u>. Except as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company does not intend to use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares to repay any outstanding debt owed to any Sales Agent or any affiliate of any Sales Agent.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(kk) <u>Compliance with Laws</u>. The Company has not been advised, and has no reason to believe, that it and each of its Subsidiaries are not conducting business in compliance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the jurisdictions in which it is conducting business, except where failure to be so in compliance would not result in a Material Adverse Change.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ll) <u>Privacy Laws</u>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are, and at all prior times were, in material compliance with all applicable state, federal, and foreign data privacy and security laws and regulations, including, without limitation, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("**<u>HIPAA</u>**"), as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (the "**<u>HITECH Act</u>**") (42 U.S.C. Section 17921 et seq.); and the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have taken all necessary actions to comply with the European Union General Data Protection Regulation ("**<u>GDPR</u>**") (EU 2016/679) (collectively, "**<u>Privacy Laws</u>**"). To ensure compliance with the Privacy Laws as applicable to the Company and its Subsidiaries, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have in place, comply with, and take appropriate steps reasonably designed to ensure compliance in all material respects with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and security and the collection, storage, use, disclosure, handling and analysis of Personal Data (the "**<u>Policies</u>**"). The Company provides accurate notice of its Policies to its customers, employees, third party vendors and representatives. The Policies provide accurate and sufficient notice of the Company's then-current privacy practices relating to its subject matter and such Policies do not contain any material omissions of the Company's then-current privacy practices. "**<u>Personal Data</u>**" means (i) a natural persons' name, street address, telephone number, email address, photograph, social security number or tax identification number, driver's license number, passport number, credit card number, bank information, or customer or account number; (ii) any information which would qualify as "personally identifying information" under the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended; (iii) Protected Health Information as defined by HIPAA; (iv) "personal data" as defined by GDPR; and (v) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family, or permits the collection or analysis of any data related to an identified person's health or sexual orientation. None of such disclosures made or contained in any of the Policies have been inaccurate, misleading, deceptive or in violation of any Privacy Laws or Policies in any material respect. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement or any other agreement referred to in this Agreement will not result in a breach of any Privacy Laws or Policies. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, (i) has received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any of the Privacy Laws, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii) is currently conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation or other corrective action pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any order, decree, or agreement that imposed any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(mm) <u>IT Systems</u>. (i)(x) There has been no security breach or attack or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company's and its Subsidiaries' information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of them), equipment or technology ("**<u>IT Systems and Data</u>**"), and (y) the Company and its Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any security breach, attack or compromise to their IT Systems and Data, (ii) the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have complied, and are presently in material compliance with, all applicable laws, statutes or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority and all industry guidelines, standards, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification and (iii) the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have implemented commercially reasonable backup and disaster recovery technology and, as of the date of this Agreement, are currently in the process of determining if their current backup and disaster recovery technology is consistent with industry standards and practice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(nn) <u>Export and Import Laws</u>. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries, and, to the Company's knowledge, each of their affiliates and any director, officer, agent or employee of, or other person associated with or acting on behalf of, the Company or a Subsidiary has acted at all times in compliance with applicable Export and Import Laws (as defined below) and there are no claims, complaints, charges, investigations or proceedings pending or expected or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened between the Company or any of the Subsidiaries and any Governmental Authority under any Export or Import Laws. The term "**<u>Export and Import Laws</u>**" means the Arms Export Control Act, the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, the Export Administration Regulations, the regulations in 10 C.F.R. Part 810 administered by the Department of Energy, the regulations in 10 C.F.R. Part 110 administered by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or any successor (the "**<u>NRC</u>**") and all other laws and regulations of the United States government regulating the provision of services to non-U.S. parties or the export and import of articles or information from and to the United States of America, and all similar laws and regulations of any foreign government regulating the provision of services to parties not of the foreign country or the export and import of articles and information from and to the foreign country to parties not of the foreign country.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(oo) <u>U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Matters</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) Neither
 the Company nor any Subsidiary has operated or is currently operating any "utilization
 facility," as defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (the "  **<u>Atomic Energy Act</u>** "), and the regulations of the NRC thereunder, whether or not owned,
 in whole or part, by the Company or any Subsidiary. Further, neither the Company nor any
 Subsidiary possesses a license from the NRC for the construction or operation, or construction
 and operation, of any utilization facility.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) Neither
 the Company nor any Subsidiary currently holds or requires any license for the possession
 or use of nuclear materials, whether such materials are classified as "source materials,"
 "special nuclear materials," or "byproduct materials" pursuant to
 the Atomic Energy Act and the regulations of the NRC thereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) Each
 of the Company and each Subsidiary is in compliance with all applicable laws relating to
 the design, licensing, construction and operation of "utilization facilities,"
 as defined in the Atomic Energy Act and the regulations of the NRC thereunder. Neither the
 Company nor any Subsidiary is subject to any law that could prevent or materially inhibit
 the ability of the Company or any Subsidiary to design, license, or construct any such facilities,
 and the execution, delivery and performance by the Company and any Subsidiary of this Agreement,
 and the sale and offer of Placement Shares hereunder, shall not cause the Company or any
 Subsidiary to become subject to any such law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(pp) <u>Other At The Market Sales Agreements</u>. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other "at the market" offering.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(qq) <u>Actively-Traded Security</u>. The Common Stock is an "actively-traded security" exempted from the requirements of Rule 101 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act by subsection (c)(1) of such rule.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(rr) <u>Outbound Investment Security Program</u>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a "covered foreign person," as that term is defined in 31 C.F.R. § 850.209. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries currently engages, or has plans to engage, directly or indirectly, in a "covered activity," as that term is defined in in 31 C.F.R. § 850.208 ("**<u>Covered Activity</u>**"). The Company does not have any joint ventures that engage in or plan to engage in any Covered Activity. The Company also does not, directly or indirectly, hold a board seat on, have a voting or equity interest in, or have any contractual power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of any person or persons that engages or plans to engage in any Covered Activity.

Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to a Sales Agent or to counsel for the Sales Agents pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to such Sales Agent as to the matters set forth therein.

The Company acknowledges that the Sales Agents and, for purposes of the opinions to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section 7</u> hereof, counsel to the Company and counsel to Sales Agents, will rely upon the accuracy and truthfulness of the foregoing representations and hereby consents to such reliance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. <u>Covenants of the Company</u>. The Company covenants and agrees with each Sales Agent that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Registration Statement Amendments</u>. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating to any Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the Sales Agents under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), (i) the Company will notify each Sales Agent promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference, has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information, (ii) the Company will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon a Sales Agent's request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in such Sales Agent's reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution of the Placement Shares by such Sales Agent (*provided, however*, that the failure of a Sales Agent to make such request shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect any Sales Agent's right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement); (iii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference, relating to the Placement Shares or a security convertible into the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to each Sales Agent within a reasonable period of time before the filing and no Sales Agent has, in its reasonable discretion, objected thereto (*provided, however*, that the failure of a Sales Agent to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect any Sales Agent's right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to each Sales Agent at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; (iv) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus, other than documents incorporated by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act, and (v) prior to the termination of this Agreement, the Company will notify each Sales Agent if at any time the Registration Statement shall no longer be effective as a result of the passage of time pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act or otherwise. Prior to the initial sale of any Placement Shares, the Company shall file a final Prospectus Supplement pursuant to Rule 424(b) relating to the Placement Shares.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>Notice of Commission Stop Orders</u>. The Company will advise each Sales Agent promptly after it receives notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) <u>Delivery of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes</u>. During any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the Sales Agents under the Securities Act with respect to a pending sale of the Placement Shares, (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), the Company will comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If during such period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify each Sales Agent to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) within a reasonable time period so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Listing of Placement Shares</u>. During any period in which the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the Sales Agents under the Securities Act with respect to a pending sale of the Placement Shares (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act), the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on Nasdaq and to qualify the Placement Shares for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as the Sales Agents reasonably designate and to continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares; *provided, however,* that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or dealer in securities or file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) <u>Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus</u>. The Company will furnish to each Sales Agent and the Sales Agents' counsel (at the expense of the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference therein) and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered under the Securities Act (including all documents filed with the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities as a Sales Agent may from time to time reasonably request and, at such Sales Agent's request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; *provided, however,* that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to any Sales Agent to the extent such document is available on EDGAR.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) <u>Earnings Statement</u>. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 15 months after the end of the Company's current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company's compliance with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this <u>Section 7(f)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) <u>Expenses</u>. The Company, whether or not the transactions contemplated hereunder are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, in accordance with the provisions of <u>Section 11</u> hereunder, will pay the following expenses all incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, including, but not limited to, expenses relating to (i) the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement and each amendment and supplement thereto, of each Prospectus and of each amendment and supplement thereto, (ii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the Placement Shares, (iii) the qualification of the Placement Shares under securities laws in accordance with the provisions of <u>Section 7(d)</u> of this Agreement, including filing fees (provided, however, that any fees or disbursements of counsel for the Sales Agents in connection therewith shall be paid by the Sales Agents except as set forth in (vii) below), (iv) the printing and delivery to the Sales Agents of copies of the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, and of this Agreement, (v) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing or qualification of the Placement Shares for trading on Nasdaq, (vi) the filing fees and expenses, if any, of the Commission, (vii) the filing fees for filings with the FINRA Corporate Financing Department and (viii) the reasonable fees and disbursements of Sales Agents' counsel in an amount not to exceed $75,000 plus an additional $25,000 per fiscal quarter of reasonable fees and disbursements of Sales Agents' counsel in connection with subsequent Representation Dates hereunder (provided that no additional fees will be payable pursuant to this clause (viii) for any fiscal quarter following the termination of this Agreement in accordance with Section 11 hereof, except that any fees pursuant to this clause (viii) accrued but unpaid prior to such termination shall remain payable).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) <u>Use of Proceeds</u>. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled "Use of Proceeds."

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) <u>Notice of Other Sales</u>. During the pendency of any Placement Notice given hereunder, and for 5 trading days following the termination of any Placement Notice given hereunder, the Company shall provide each Sales Agent notice as promptly as reasonably possible before it offers to sell, contracts to sell, sells, grants any option to sell or otherwise disposes of any shares of Common Stock (other than Placement Shares offered pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire Common Stock; *provided*, that such notice shall not be required in connection with (i) the issuance, grant or sale of Common Stock, options to purchase shares of Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options or other equity awards pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus or other stock plan or arrangement described in the Prospectus, (ii) the issuance of securities in connection with an acquisition, merger or sale or purchase of assets or as payment for services in the ordinary course of the Company's business, (iii) the issuance or sale of Common Stock pursuant to any dividend reinvestment plan that the Company may adopt from time to time provided the implementation of such is disclosed to the Sales Agents in advance or (iv) any shares of common stock issuable upon the exchange, conversion or redemption of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) <u>Change of Circumstances</u>. The Company will, at any time during a fiscal quarter in which the Company intends to tender a Placement Notice or sell Placement Shares, advise each Sales Agent promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document provided to the Sales Agents pursuant to this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) <u>Due Diligence Cooperation</u>. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Sales Agents and one firm of legal counsel representing the Sales Agents in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information and making available documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company's principal offices, as the Sales Agents may reasonably request.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) <u>Required Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares</u>. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require, the Company will (i) file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (each and every filing under Rule 424(b), a "**<u>Filing Date</u>**"), and (ii) deliver such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules or regulations of such exchange or market. The Company shall disclose in its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and in its annual report on Form 10-K, the number of the Placement Shares sold through the Sales Agents under this Agreement, and the net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement during the relevant quarter or, in the case of an Annual Report on Form 10-K, during the fiscal year covered by such Annual Report and the fourth quarter of such fiscal year.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) <u>Bring-Down Dates; Certificate</u>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date and each time (i) the Company files the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares or amends or supplements the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares (other than a prospectus supplement filed in accordance with <u>Section 7(l)</u> of this Agreement) by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of document(s) by reference to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares; (ii) the Company files an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act; (iii) the Company files its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or (iv) the Company files a report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than an earnings release) under the Exchange Act (each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) shall be a "**<u>Bring-Down Date</u>**"); the Company shall furnish the Sales Agents with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(m)</u> within one (1) Trading Day of any Bring-Down Date if requested by the Sales Agents. The requirement to provide a certificate under this <u>Section 7(m)</u> shall be waived for any Bring-Down Date occurring at a time at which no Placement Notice is pending, which waiver shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Bring-Down Date) and the next occurring Bring-Down Date; *provided*, *however*, that such waiver shall not apply for any Bring-Down Date on which the Company files its annual report on Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Bring-Down Date when the Company relied on such waiver and did not provide the Sales Agents with a certificate under this <u>Section 7(m)</u>, then before the Company delivers the Placement Notice or any Sales Agent sells any Placement Shares, the Company shall provide the Sales Agents with a certificate, in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(m)</u>, dated the date of the Placement Notice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n) <u>Legal Opinion</u>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date and within one (1) Trading Day of each Bring-Down Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(m)</u> for which no waiver pursuant to <u>Section 7(m)</u> is applicable, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Sales Agents a written opinion of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP ("**<u>Company Counsel</u>**") or other counsel satisfactory to the Sales Agents, in customary form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Sales Agents and counsel to the Sales Agents, dated the date that the opinion is required to be delivered, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented; *provided*, *however*, that in lieu of such opinions for subsequent Bring-Down Dates, Company Counsel may furnish the Sales Agents with a letter (a "**<u>Reliance Letter</u>**") to the effect that the Sales Agents may rely on a prior opinion delivered under this <u>Section 7(n)</u> to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinion shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented at such Bring-Down Date).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) <u>Comfort Letter</u>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date and within one (1) Trading Day of each Bring-Down Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(m)</u> for which no waiver pursuant to <u>Section 7(m)</u> is applicable, the Company shall cause its independent accountants to furnish to the Sales Agents letters (the "**<u>Comfort Letters</u>**"), dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, in form and substance satisfactory to the Sales Agents, (i) confirming that they are an independent registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the PCAOB, (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants' "comfort letters" to the Sales Agents in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the "**<u>Initial Comfort Letter</u>**") and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(p) <u>Chief Financial Officer's Certificate</u>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date and within one (1) Trading Day of each Bring-Down Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as <u>Exhibit 7(m)</u> for which no waiver pursuant to <u>Section 7(m)</u> is applicable, if reasonably requested by the Sales Agents in the event that there are financial diligence items which cannot be addressed in the Comfort Letter, the Company shall have delivered to the Sales Agents a certificate executed by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company ("**<u>CFO Certificate</u>**"), dated as of such date, in customary form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Sales Agents.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(q) <u>Market Activities</u>. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase the Common Stock to be issued and sold pursuant to this Agreement, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than a Sales Agent; *provided*, *however*, that the Company may bid for and purchase shares of its common stock in accordance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(r) <u>Insurance</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as is reasonable and customary for the business for which it is engaged.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(s) <u>Compliance with Laws</u>. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries shall maintain, or cause to be maintained, all material environmental permits, licenses and other authorizations required by federal, state and local law in order to conduct their businesses as described in the Prospectus, and the Company and each of its Subsidiaries shall conduct their businesses, or cause their businesses to be conducted, in substantial compliance with such permits, licenses and authorizations and with applicable environmental laws, except where the failure to maintain or be in compliance with such permits, licenses and authorizations could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(t) <u>Investment Company Act</u>. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither it nor its Subsidiaries will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, an "investment company," as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act, assuming no change in the Commission's current interpretation as to entities that are not considered an investment company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(u) <u>Securities Act and Exchange Act</u>. The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act as from time to time in force, so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of, or dealings in, the Placement Shares as contemplated by the provisions hereof and the Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) <u>No Offer to Sell</u>. Other than a Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, none of the Sales Agents nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Sales Agents in their capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Common Stock hereunder.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(w) <u>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</u>. The Company and its Subsidiaries will use their commercially reasonable efforts to comply with all effective applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(x) <u>Affirmation</u>. Each Placement Notice delivered by the Company to a Sales Agent shall be deemed to be (i) an affirmation that the representations, warranties and agreements of the Company herein contained and contained in any certificate delivered to the Sales Agents pursuant hereto are true and correct at the time of delivery of such Placement Notice, and (ii) an undertaking that such representations, warranties and agreements will be true and correct on any applicable Time of Sale and Settlement Date, as though made at and as of each such time (it being understood that such representations, warranties and agreements shall relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented to the time of such Placement Notice acceptance).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(y) <u>Renewal</u>. If immediately prior to the third anniversary (the "**<u>Renewal Deadline</u>**") of the initial effective date of the Registration Statement, the aggregate gross sales price of Placement Shares sold by the Company is less than the Maximum Amount and this Agreement has not been terminated, the Company will, prior to the Renewal Deadline, file, if it has not already done so and is eligible to do so, a new shelf registration statement relating to the Placement Shares, in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Sales Agents, and, if not automatically effective, will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective within 60 days after the Renewal Deadline. The Company will take all other action necessary or appropriate to permit the issuance and sale of the Placement Shares to continue as contemplated in the expired registration statement relating to the Placement Shares. References herein to the Registration Statement shall include such new shelf registration statement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8. <u>Conditions to the Sales Agents' Obligations</u>. The obligations of any Sales Agent hereunder with respect to a Placement Notice will be subject to the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to the due performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and thereunder, to the completion by the Sales Agents of a due diligence review satisfactory to such Sales Agent in its reasonable judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by the Sales Agents in their sole discretion) of the following additional conditions:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Registration Statement Effective</u>. The Registration Statement shall be effective and shall be available for (i) all sales of Placement Shares issued pursuant to all prior Placement Notices and (ii) the sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to be issued pursuant to any Placement Notice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>No Material Notices</u>. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority during the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the occurrence of any event that makes any material statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, related Prospectus or such documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain any materially untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) <u>No Misstatement or Material Omission</u>. No Sales Agent shall have advised the Company that the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in such Sales Agent's reasonable opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in such Sales Agent's opinion is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Material Changes</u>. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company's reports filed with the Commission, there shall not have been any material adverse change, on a consolidated basis, in the authorized capital stock of the Company or any Material Adverse Change or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change, or any downgrading in or withdrawal of the rating assigned to any of the Company's securities (other than asset backed securities) by any rating organization or a public announcement by any rating organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any of the Company's securities (other than asset backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a rating organization described above, in the reasonable judgment of the Sales Agents (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise have), is so material as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) <u>Company Counsel Legal Opinion</u>. The Sales Agents shall have received the negative assurances letter and the opinions of Company Counsel required to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section 7(n)</u> on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinion is required pursuant to <u>Section 7(n)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) <u>Sales Agents' Counsel Legal Opinion</u>. The Sales Agents shall have received from Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, counsel for the Sales Agents, such opinion or opinions, on or before the date on which the delivery of the Company Counsel legal opinion is required pursuant to <u>Section 7(n)</u>, with respect to such matters as the Sales Agents may reasonably require, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel such documents as they request for enabling them to pass upon such matters.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) <u>Comfort Letter</u>. The Sales Agents shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section 7(o)</u> on or before the date on which such delivery of such Comfort Letter is required pursuant to <u>Section 7(o)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) <u>Representation Certificate</u>. The Sales Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section 7(m)</u> on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to <u>Section 7(m)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) <u>Secretary's Certificate</u>. On or prior to the First Delivery Date, the Sales Agents shall have received a certificate, signed on behalf of the Company by its corporate secretary, in customary form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Sales Agents and counsel to the Sales Agents.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) <u>CFO Certificate</u>. The Sales Agents shall have received the CFO Certificate required to be delivered pursuant to <u>Section 7(p), if any,</u> on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to <u>Section 7(p)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) <u>No Suspension</u>. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on Nasdaq.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) <u>Other Materials</u>. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to <u>Section 7(m)</u>, the Company shall have furnished to the Sales Agents such appropriate and customary further information, certificates and documents as the Sales Agents may have reasonably requested. All such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents shall have been in compliance with the provisions hereof. The Company will furnish the Sales Agents with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents as the Sales Agents shall have reasonably requested.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) <u>Securities Act Filings Made</u>. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n) <u>Approval for Listing</u>. The Placement Shares shall either have been (i) approved for listing on Nasdaq, subject only to notice of issuance, or (ii) the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on Nasdaq at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) <u>No Termination Event</u>. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Sales Agents to terminate this Agreement pursuant to <u>Section 11(a)</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. <u>Indemnification and Contribution</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) <u>Company Indemnification</u>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Sales Agent, their affiliates and each of their respective directors, officers, partners, employees and agents and each person, if any, who (i) controls a Sales Agent within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with a Sales Agent from and against any and all losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including, but not limited to, any and all reasonable investigative, legal and other expenses incurred in connection with, and any and all amounts paid in settlement (in accordance with <u>Section 9(c)</u>) of, any action, suit or proceeding between any of the indemnified parties and any indemnifying parties or between any indemnified party and any third party, or otherwise, or any claim asserted), as and when incurred, to which a Sales Agent, or any such person, may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, at common law or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, liabilities, expenses or damages arise out of or are based, directly or indirectly, on (x) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or in any free writing prospectus or in any application or other document executed by or on behalf of the Company or based on written information furnished by or on behalf of the Company filed in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the Common Stock under the securities laws thereof or filed with the Commission, (y) the omission or alleged omission to state in any such document a material fact required to be stated in it or necessary to make the statements in it not misleading or (z) any breach by any of the indemnifying parties of any of their respective representations, warranties and agreements contained in this Agreement; *provided*, *however*, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to the extent that such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage arises from the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement and is caused directly or indirectly by an untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with solely Agents' Information. "**Agents' Information**" means, solely, the following information in the ATM Prospectus: (i) the names of the Sales Agents and (ii) the second to last sentence of the second paragraph under the caption "Plan of Distribution". This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability that the Company might otherwise have.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) <u>Sales Agents' Indemnification</u>. Each Sales Agent agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the Company that signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who (i) controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act or (ii) is controlled by or is under common control with the Company against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in <u>Section 9(a)</u>, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto) or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Agent's Information.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) <u>Procedure</u>. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this <u>Section 9</u> will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party or parties under this <u>Section 9</u>, notify each such indemnifying party in writing of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this <u>Section 9</u> and (ii) any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provision of this <u>Section 9</u> unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in writing by the indemnifying party, (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying party, (3) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action, in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly as they are incurred. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this <u>Section 9</u> (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising or that may arise out of such claim, action or proceeding.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) <u>Contribution</u>. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in the foregoing paragraphs of this <u>Section 9</u> is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be unavailable from the Company or a Sales Agent, the Company and the applicable Sales Agent will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted, but after deducting any contribution received by the Company from persons other than the applicable Sales Agent, such as persons who control the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company, who also may be liable for contribution) to which the Company and the applicable Sales Agent may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the applicable Sales Agent on the other. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the applicable Sales Agent on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total Net Proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total compensation received by the applicable Sales Agent from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the applicable Sales Agent, on the other, with respect to the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the applicable Sales Agent, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and each Sales Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this <u>Section 9(d)</u> were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this <u>Section 9(d)</u> shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this <u>Section 9(d)</u>, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with <u>Section 9(c)</u> hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this <u>Section 9(d)</u>, no Sales Agent shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and no person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this <u>Section 9(d)</u>, any person who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any officers, directors, partners, employees or agents of any Sales Agent, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this <u>Section 9(d)</u>, will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this <u>Section 9(d)</u> except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of <u>Section 9(c)</u> hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to <u>Section 9(c)</u> hereof. The Sales Agents' respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this <u>Section 9(d)</u> are several in proportion to the fees received by each Sales Agent hereunder, and not joint.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. <u>Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery</u>. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in <u>Section 9</u> of this Agreement and all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant hereto shall survive, as of their respective dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Sales Agents, any controlling persons, or the Company (or any of their respective officers, directors or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11. <u>Termination.</u>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Each Sales Agent shall have the right by giving written notice as hereinafter specified at any time to terminate this Agreement with immediate effect, with respect to itself only and not the other Sales Agents, if (i) any Material Adverse Change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change has occurred that, in the reasonable judgment of the applicable Sales Agent, may materially impair the ability of the applicable Sales Agent to sell the Placement Shares hereunder, (ii) the Company shall have failed, refused or been unable to perform any agreement on its part to be performed hereunder, (iii) any other condition of the applicable Sales Agent's obligations hereunder is not fulfilled, or (iv), any suspension or limitation of trading in the Placement Shares or in securities generally on Nasdaq shall have occurred. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of <u>Section 7(g)</u> (Expenses), <u>Section 9</u> (Indemnification and Contribution), <u>Section 10</u> (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), <u>Section 16</u> (Applicable Law; Consent to Jurisdiction) and <u>Section 17</u> (Waiver of Jury Trial) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If a Sales Agent elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this <u>Section 11(a)</u>, such Sales Agent shall provide the required notice as specified in <u>Section 12</u> (Notices).

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The Company shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days' notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of <u>Section 7(g)</u>, <u>Section 9</u>, <u>Section 10</u>, <u>Section 16</u> and <u>Section 17</u> hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Each Sales Agent shall also have the right, by giving ten (10) days' notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement, with respect to itself only and not the other Sales Agents, in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of <u>Section 7(g)</u>, <u>Section 9</u>, <u>Section 10</u>, <u>Section 16</u> and <u>Section 17</u> hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Unless earlier terminated pursuant to this <u>Section 11</u>, this Agreement shall automatically terminate upon the issuance and sale of the Maximum Amount of the Placement Shares through the Sales Agents on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein; *provided* that the provisions of <u>Section 7(g)</u>, <u>Section 9</u>, <u>Section 10</u>, <u>Section 16</u> and <u>Section 17</u> hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to <u>Sections 11(a)</u>, <u>(b)</u>, <u>(c), or (d)</u> above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; *provided, however,* that any such termination by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that <u>Section 7(g)</u>, <u>Section 9</u>, <u>Section 10</u>, <u>Section 16</u> and <u>Section 17</u> shall remain in full force and effect.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; *provided, however,* that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the Sales Agents or the Company, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares, such Placement Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12. <u>Notices</u>. All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified in this Agreement, and if sent to the Sales Agents, shall be delivered to the Sales Agents at TD Securities (USA) LLC, 1 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, fax no. 646-562-1130, Attention: Head of Equity Capital Markets, email: CIBLegal@tdsecurities.com; at UBS Securities LLC, 1285 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10019, Attention: Equity Syndicate; at Piper Sandler & Co., 1251 6<sup>th</sup> Avenue, 6<sup>th</sup> Floor, New York, NY 10020, Attention: Equity Capital Markets, with a copy to Piper Sandler General Counsel at 800 Nicollet Mall, Suite 900, Minneapolis, MN 55402 and LegalCapMarkets@psc.com; or if sent to the Company, shall be delivered to Nano Nuclear Energy Inc. at 10 Times Square, 30th Fl, NY, New York 10018, attention: Jaison Garcha, Chief Financial Officer, email: [\*\*\*\*\*], with a copy to Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, attention: Lawrence A. Rosenbloom, Esq., email: lrosenbloom@egsllp.com. Each party to this Agreement may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose. Each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile transmission (with an original to follow) on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day (as defined below), or, if such day is not a Business Day on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight courier and (iii) on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, "**<u>Business Day</u>**" shall mean any day on which the Nasdaq and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13. <u>Successors and Assigns</u>. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and the Sales Agents and their respective successors and the affiliates, controlling persons, officers and directors referred to in <u>Section 9</u> hereof. References to any of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party; *provided*, *however*, that a Sales Agent may assign its rights and obligations hereunder to an affiliate of such Sales Agent without obtaining the Company's consent.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14. <u>Adjustments for Share Splits</u>. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any share split, share dividend or similar event effected with respect to the Common Stock.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15. <u>Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability</u>. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and the Sales Agents. In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected in this Agreement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16. <u>Applicable Law; Consent to Jurisdiction</u>. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York without regard to the principles of conflicts of laws. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, borough of Manhattan, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection with any transaction contemplated hereby, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof (certified or registered mail, return receipt requested) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17. <u>Waiver of Jury Trial</u>. The Company and each Sales Agent each hereby irrevocably waives any right it may have to a trial by jury in respect of any claim based upon or arising out of this Agreement or any transaction contemplated hereby.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18. <u>Absence of Fiduciary Relationship</u>*.* The Company acknowledges and agrees that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Each Sales Agent has been retained solely to act as an arm's length contractual counterparty to the Company in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares contemplated hereby and that no fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship between the Company and a Sales Agent has been created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether a Sales Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the Company is capable of evaluating and understanding and understands and accepts the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) the Company has been advised that each Sales Agent and its respective affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve interests that differ from those of the Company and that no Sales Agent has any obligation to disclose such interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) the Company waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against a Sales Agent, for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty and agrees that no Sales Agent shall have any liability (whether direct or indirect) to the Company in respect of such a fiduciary claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on behalf of or in right of the Company, including stockholders, partners, employees or creditors of the Company.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19. <u>Counterparts; Electronic Signatures</u>. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other may be made by facsimile or other electronic transmission (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com or www.echosign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;20. <u>Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes</u>.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) In the event that a Sales Agent is a Covered Entity and becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Sales Agent of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) In the event that a Sales Agent is a Covered Entity and such Sales Agent or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Sales Agent becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Sales Agent are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) For purposes of this Section 20; (a) "**<u>BHC Act Affiliate</u>**" has the meaning assigned to the term "affiliate" in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k), (b) "**<u>Covered Entity</u>**" means any of the following: (i) a "covered entity" as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (ii) a "covered bank" as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (iii) a "covered FSI" as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b), (c) "**<u>Default Right</u>**" has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable, and (d) "**<u>U.S. Special Resolution Regime</u>**" means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

**[Remainder of Page Intentionally Blank]**

If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Company and the Sales Agents, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and the Sales Agents.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Very truly yours, | Very truly yours, |
| **TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC** | **TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC** |
| By: | /s/ Michael Murphy |
| Name: | Michael Murphy |
| Title: | Managing Director |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **UBS SECURITIES LLC** | **UBS SECURITIES LLC** |
| By: | /s/ Tyler Nash |
| Name: | Tyler Nash |
| Title: | Director |
| By: | /s/ Hilbert Chen |
| Name: | Hilbert Chen |
| Title: | Director |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **PIPER SANDLER & CO.** | **PIPER SANDLER & CO.** |
| By: | /s/ Connor Leahey |
| Name: | Connor Leahey |
| Title: | Director |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **ACCEPTED as of the date** | **ACCEPTED as of the date** |
| **first-above written:** | **first-above written:** |
| **NANO NUCLEAR ENERGY INC.** | **NANO NUCLEAR ENERGY INC.** |
| By: | /s/ Jay Jiang Yu |
| Name: | Jay Jiang Yu |
| Title: | Chairman of the Board and President |

---

**<u>SCHEDULE 1</u>**

**<u>form of PLACEMENT NOTICE</u>**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| From: | [ ] |
| Cc: | [ ] |
| To: | [ ] |
| Subject: | [NAME OF SALES AGENT] At the Market Offering—Placement Notice |

---

Gentlemen:

Pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the Sales Agreement among Nano Nuclear Energy Inc. (the "<u>Company</u>"), TD Securities (USA) LLC ("<u>TD Cowen</u>"), UBS Securities LLC and Piper Sandler & Co. dated July 25, 2025 (the "<u>Agreement</u>"), I hereby request on behalf of the Company that you sell up to [ ] shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, at a minimum market price of $_______ per share. Sales should begin on the date of this Notice and shall continue until [DATE] [all shares are sold]/[the aggregate sales price of the shares reaches $[ ] ].

**<u>SCHEDULE 2</u>**

**<u>Notice Parties</u>**

**<u>Company</u>**

Jay Jiang Yu Chairman of the Board, President and Secretary ([\*\*\*\*\*]) <br>Jaisun Garcha Chief Financial Officer ([\*\*\*\*\*])

**<u>TD Cowen</u>**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Michael J. Murphy | Managing Director | [\*\*\*\*\*] |
| William Follis | Managing Director | [\*\*\*\*\*] |
| Adriano Pierroz | Director | [\*\*\*\*\*] |

---

**<u>UBS Securities LLC</u>**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Jesse O'Neill | [\*\*\*\*\*] |
| Charles Heaney | [\*\*\*\*\*] |
| [\*\*\*\*\*] |  |

---

**<u>Piper Sandler & Co.</u>**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Connor Leahey | [\*\*\*\*\*] |
| Neil A. Riley | [\*\*\*\*\*] |
| Michael W. Bassett | [\*\*\*\*\*] |
| Connor N. Anderson | [\*\*\*\*\*] |
| Mark Cieciura | [\*\*\*\*\*] |
| Jay A. Hershey | [\*\*\*\*\*] |

---

**<u>SCHEDULE 3</u>**

**<u>Compensation</u>**

The Sales Agents shall be paid compensation equal to up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sales of Placement Shares pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.

**<u>Exhibit 7(m)</u>**

**<u>OFFICER CERTIFICATE</u>**

The undersigned, the duly qualified and elected _______________________, of Nano Nuclear Energy Inc. ("**<u>Company</u>**"), a Nevada corporation, does hereby certify in such capacity and on behalf of the Company, pursuant to <u>Section 7(m)</u> of the Sales Agreement dated July 25, 2025 (the "**<u>Sales Agreement</u>**") among the Company, TD Securities (USA) LLC, UBS Securities LLC and Piper Sandler & Co. that to the best of the knowledge of the undersigned.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) The representations and warranties of the Company in <u>Section 6</u> of the Sales Agreement (A) to the extent such representations and warranties are subject to qualifications and exceptions contained therein relating to materiality or Material Adverse Change, are true and correct on and as of the date hereof with the same force and effect as if expressly made on and as of the date hereof, except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date and which were true and correct as of such date, and (B) to the extent such representations and warranties are not subject to any qualifications or exceptions, are true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof as if made on and as of the date hereof with the same force and effect as if expressly made on and as of the date hereof except for those representations and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date and which were true and correct as of such date; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) The Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied pursuant to the Sales Agreement at or prior to the date hereof.

Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP and Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP shall be entitled to rely upon this certificate for purposes of delivering their respective opinions and negative assurances letters pursuant to the Sales Agreement.

Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Sales Agreement.

 <br> Name: <br> Title:

Date: ______________________________

## Exhibit 4.5

**Exhibit 4.5**

**NANO NUCLEAR ENERGY INC.**, as

ISSUER

and

[ ], as

INDENTURE TRUSTEE

**INDENTURE**

Dated as of [ ]

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | Page |
| ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE | ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE | 1 |
| **Section 1.01** | **Definitions** | 1 |
| **Section 1.02** | **Other Definitions** | 4 |
| **Section 1.03** | **Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act** | 4 |
| **Section 1.04** | **Rules of Construction** | 4 |
| ARTICLE II THE SECURITIES | ARTICLE II THE SECURITIES | 5 |
| **Section 2.01** | **Issuable in Series** | 5 |
| **Section 2.02** | **Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities** | 5 |
| **Section 2.03** | **Execution and Authentication** | 6 |
| **Section 2.04** | **Registrar and Paying Agent** | 7 |
| **Section 2.05** | **Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust** | 7 |
| **Section 2.06** | **Holder Lists** | 7 |
| **Section 2.07** | **Transfer and Exchange** | 7 |
| **Section 2.08** | **Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities** | 8 |
| **Section 2.09** | **Outstanding Securities** | 8 |
| **Section 2.10** | **Treasury Securities** | 8 |
| **Section 2.11** | **Temporary Securities** | 8 |
| **Section 2.12** | **Cancellation** | 8 |
| **Section 2.13** | **Defaulted Interest** | 9 |
| **Section 2.14** | **Global Securities** | 9 |
| **Section 2.15** | **CUSIP Numbers** | 10 |
| ARTICLE III REDEMPTION | ARTICLE III REDEMPTION | 10 |
| **Section 3.01** | **Notice to Trustee** | 10 |
| **Section 3.02** | **Selection of Securities to be Redeemed** | 10 |
| **Section 3.03** | **Notice of Redemption** | 10 |
| **Section 3.04** | **Effect of Notice of Redemption** | 11 |
| **Section 3.05** | **Deposit of Redemption Price** | 11 |
| **Section 3.06** | **Securities Redeemed in Part** | 11 |
| ARTICLE IV COVENANTS | ARTICLE IV COVENANTS | 11 |
| **Section 4.01** | **Payment of Principal and Interest** | 11 |
| **Section 4.02** | **SEC Reports** | 11 |
| **Section 4.03** | **Compliance Certificate** | 11 |
| **Section 4.04** | **Stay, Extension and Usury Laws** | 12 |
| ARTICLE V SUCCESSORS | ARTICLE V SUCCESSORS | 12 |
| **Section 5.01** | **When Company May Merge, etc.** | 12 |
| **Section 5.02** | **Successor Corporation Substituted** | 12 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| ARTICLE VI DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES | ARTICLE VI DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES | ARTICLE VI DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES | 12.0 |
|  | **Section 6.01** | **Events of Default** | 12.0 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Section 6.02** | **Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment** | 13.0 |
| **Section 6.03** | **Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee** | 14.0 |
| **Section 6.04** | **Trustee May File Proofs of Claim** | 14.0 |
| **Section 6.05** | **Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities** | 14.0 |
| **Section 6.06** | **Application of Money Collected** | 15.0 |
| **Section 6.07** | **Limitation on Suits** | 15.0 |
| **Section 6.08** | **Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest** | 15.0 |
| **Section 6.09** | **Restoration of Rights and Remedies** | 15.0 |
| **Section 6.10** | **Rights and Remedies Cumulative** | 16.0 |
| **Section 6.11** | **Delay or Omission Not Waiver** | 16.0 |
| **Section 6.12** | **Control by Holders** | 16.0 |
| **Section 6.13** | **Waiver of Past Defaults** | 16.0 |
| **Section 6.14** | **Undertaking for Costs** |  |
| ARTICLE VII TRUSTEE | ARTICLE VII TRUSTEE | 16.0 |
| **Section 7.01** | **Duties of Trustee** | 16.0 |
| **Section 7.02** | **Rights of Trustee** | 17.0 |
| **Section 7.03** | **Individual Rights of Trustee** | 18.0 |
| **Section 7.04** | **Trustee's Disclaimer** | 19.0 |
| **Section 7.05** | **Notice of Defaults** | 19.0 |
| **Section 7.06** | **Reports by Trustee to Holders** | 19.0 |
| **Section 7.07** | **Compensation and Indemnity** | 19.0 |
| **Section 7.08** | **Replacement of Trustee** | 19.0 |
| **Section 7.09** | **Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.** | 20.0 |
| **Section 7.10** | **Eligibility; Disqualification** | 20.0 |
| **Section 7.11** | **Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company** | 20.0 |
| ARTICLE VIII SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE | ARTICLE VIII SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE | 20.0 |
| **Section 8.01** | **Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture** | 20.0 |
| **Section 8.02** | **Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification** | 21.0 |
| **Section 8.03** | **Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series** | 21.0 |
| **Section 8.04** | **Covenant Defeasance** | 22.0 |
| **Section 8.05** | **Repayment to Company** | 23.0 |
| **Section 8.06** | **Reinstatement** | 23.0 |
| ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS | ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS | 23.0 |
| **Section 9.01** | **Without Consent of Holders** | 23.0 |
| **Section 9.02** | **With Consent of Holders** | 24.0 |
| **Section 9.03** | **Limitations** | 24.0 |
| **Section 9.04** | **Compliance with Trust Indenture Act** | 25.0 |
| **Section 9.05** | **Revocation and Effect of Consents** | 25.0 |
| **Section 9.06** | **Notation on or Exchange of Securities** | 25.0 |
| **Section 9.07** | **Trustee Protected** | 25.0 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS | ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS | 25.0 |
| **Section 10.01** | **Trust Indenture Act Controls** | 25.0 |
| **Section 10.02** | **Notices** | 26.0 |
| **Section 10.03** | **Communication by Holders with Other Holders** | 26.0 |
| **Section 10.04** | **Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent** | 26.0 |
| **Section 10.05** | **Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion** | 26.0 |
| **Section 10.06** | **Rules by Trustee and Agents** | 27.0 |
| **Section 10.07** | **Legal Holidays** | 27.0 |
| **Section 10.08** | **No Recourse Against Others** | 27.0 |
| **Section 10.09** | **Counterparts** | 27.0 |
| **Section 10.10** | **Governing Laws** | 27.0 |
| **Section 10.11** | **No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements** | 27.0 |
| **Section 10.12** | **Successors** | 27.0 |
| **Section 10.13** | **Severability** | 27.0 |
| **Section 10.14** | **Table of Contents, Headings, etc.** | 27.0 |
| **Section 10.15** | **Securities in a Foreign Currency** | 27.0 |
| **Section 10.16** | **U.S.A. Patriot Act** | 28.0 |
| **Section 10.17** | **Waiver of Jury Trial** | 28.0 |
| ARTICLE XI SINKING FUNDS | ARTICLE XI SINKING FUNDS | 28.0 |
| **Section 11.01** | **Applicability of Article** | 28.0 |
| **Section 11.02** | **Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities** | 28.0 |
| **Section 11.03** | **Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund** | 28.0 |

---

**NANO NUCLEAR ENERGY INC.**

**Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and**

**Indenture, dated as of [ ].**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Section 310 (a)(1) | 7.10 |
| (a)(2) | 7.10 |
| (a)(3) | NOT APPLICABLE |
| (a)(4) | NOT APPLICABLE |
| (a)(5) | 7.10 |
| (b) | 7.10 |
| Section 311 (a) | 7.11 |
| (b) | 7.11 |
| (c) | NOT APPLICABLE |
| Section 312 (a) | 2.06 |
| (b) | 10.03 |
| (c) | 10.03 |
| Section 313 (a) | 7.06 |
| (b)(1) | 7.06 |
| (b)(2) | 7.06 |
| (c)(1) | 7.06 |
| (d) | 7.06 |
| Section 314 (a) | 4.02, 10.05 |
| (b) | NOT APPLICABLE |
| (c)(1) | 10.04 |
| (c)(2) | 10.04 |
| (c)(3) | NOT APPLICABLE |
| (d) | NOT APPLICABLE |
| (e) | 10.05 |
| (f) | NOT APPLICABLE |
| Section 315 (a) | 7.01 |
| (b) | 7.05 |
| (c) | 7.01 |
| (d) | 7.01 |
| (e) | 6.14 |
| Section 316 (a) | 2.10 |
| (a)(1)(a) | 6.12 |
| (a)(1)(b) | 6.13 |
| (b) | 6.08 |
| Section 317 (a)(1) | 6.03 |
| (a)(2) | 6.04 |
| (b) | 2.05 |
| Section 318 (a) | 10.01 |

---

**INDENTURE**, dated as of [ ], between Nano Nuclear Energy Inc., a Nevada corporation ("*Company*"), and [ ], as trustee ("*Trustee*").

Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.

**ARTICLE I**

**DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE**

**Section 1.01 Definitions.**

"*Additional Amounts*" means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders, as calculated by the Company.

"*Affiliate*" of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, "control" (including, with correlative meanings, the terms "controlled by" and "under common control with"), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise.

"*Agent*" means any Registrar or Paying Agent.

"*Applicable Procedures*" means, with respect to any transfer or transaction involving a Global Security or beneficial interest therein, the rules and procedures of DTC or any successor Depositary, in each case to the extent applicable to such transaction and as in effect from time to time.

"*Board of Directors*" means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.

"*Board Resolution*" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee.

"*Business Day* means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; <u>provided</u>, <u>however</u>, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to "stay at home", "shelter-in-place", "non-essential employee" or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.

"*Capital Interests*" means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of capital stock, including, without limitation, with respect to partnerships, partnership interests (whether general or limited) and any other interest or participation that confers on a person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, such partnership.

"*Company*" means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.

"*Company Order*" means a written order signed in the name of the Company by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company's principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.

"*Company Request*" means a written request signed in the name of the Company by its Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer and delivered to the Trustee.

"*Corporate Trust Office*" means the address of the Trustee specified in Section 10.02, or such other address as to which the Trustee may give notice to the Holders and the Company.

"*Default*" means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.

"*Depositary*" means, with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, "Depositary" as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.

"*Discount Security*" means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02.

"*Dollars*" and "*$*" means the currency of The United States of America.

"*DTC*" means the Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation.

"*Exchange Act*" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

"*Foreign Currency*" means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of The United States of America.

"*Foreign Government Obligations*" means, with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, (i) direct obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or acting as an agency or instrumentality of such government the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by such government, which, in either case under clauses (i) or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.

"*GAAP*" means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession.

"*Global Security*" or "*Global Securities*" means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.02 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or nominee.

"*Holder*" means a person in whose name a Security is registered.

"*Indenture*" means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder.

"*interest*" with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity means interest payable after Maturity.

"*Maturity*," when used with respect to any Security or installment of principal thereof, means the date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.

"*Officer*" means the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, any Vice-President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, any Assistant Treasurer or any Assistant Secretary of the Company.

"*Officers' Certificate*" means a certificate signed by two Officers, one of whom must be the Company's principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer.

"*Opinion of Counsel*" means a written opinion of legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company.

"*person*" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

"*principal*" of a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security.

"*Responsible Officer*" means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office with direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.

"*SEC*" means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

"*Securities*" means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.

"*Series*" or "*Series of Securities*" means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.01 and 2.02 hereof.

"*Stated Maturity*" means when used with respect to any Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.

"*Subsidiary*" means, with respect to any person, any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Interests entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof or, in the case of a partnership, more than 50% of the partners' Capital Interests (considering all partners' Capital Interests as a single class), is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of such person or combination thereof.

"*TIA*" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code Sections 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, "TIA" means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.

"*Trustee*" means the person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, "Trustee" as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.

"*U.S. Government Obligations*" means securities which are (i) direct obligations of The United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of The United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by The United States of America, and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depository receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such depository receipt.

**Section 1.02 Other Definitions.**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| TERM | Defined in Section |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Bankruptcy Law* | 6.01 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Custodian* | 6.01 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Event of Default* | 6.01 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Legal Holiday* | 10.07 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*mandatory sinking fund payment* | 11.01 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Market Exchange Rate* | 10.15 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*optional sinking fund payment* | 11.01 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Paying Agent* | 2.04 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Registrar* | 2.04 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Successor Person* | 5.01 |

---

**Section 1.03 Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.**

Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings:

"*Commission*" means the SEC.

"*indenture securities*" means the Securities.

"*indenture security holder*" means a Holder.

"*indenture to be qualified*" means this Indenture.

"*indenture trustee*" or "*institutional trustee*" means the Trustee.

"*obligor*" on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.

All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined.

**Section 1.04 Rules of Construction.**

Unless the context otherwise requires:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) a term has the meaning assigned to it;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) references to "generally accepted accounting principles" and "GAAP" shall mean generally accepted accounting principles in effect as of the time when and for the period as to which such accounting principles are to be applied;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) "or" is not exclusive;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) provisions apply to successive events and transactions.

**ARTICLE II**

**THE SECURITIES**

**Section 2.01 Issuable in Series.** The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.

**Section 2.02 Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.** At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.02(a) and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.02(b) through 2.02(s)) by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or an Officers' Certificate:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) the form and title of the Series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant to Sections 2.07, 2.08, 2.11, 3.06 or 9.06);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) the place or places where the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be served, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) the dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, and the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(n) any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.02;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(o) any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Articles IV or V which applies to Securities of the Series;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(p) the provisions, if any, relating to conversion of any Securities of such Series, including, if applicable, the securities into which the Securities are convertible, the conversion price, the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be mandatory, at the option of the Holders or at the option of the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting conversion if such Series of Securities are redeemed;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(q) whether the Securities of such Series will be senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities and, if applicable, a description of the subordination terms thereof;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(r) any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than those appointed herein; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(s) any other terms of the Securities of the Series (which may modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series).

All Securities of any one Series need not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers' Certificate referred to above, and, unless otherwise provided in such Board Resolution, a Series may be reopened, without the consent of the Holders, for increases in the aggregate principal amount of such Series and issuances of additional Securities of such Series.

**Section 2.03 Execution and Authentication.** At least one Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual or facsimile signature. If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid. A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture. The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers' Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Such Company Order may authorize authentication and delivery pursuant to electronic instructions in PDF from the Company or its duly authorized agent or agents. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication unless otherwise provided by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate. The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers' Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02, except as provided in Section 2.02 or 2.08. Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.02) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officers' Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officers' Certificate complying with Section 10.04 and (c)(1) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Section 10.04 or (2) an Opinion of Counsel (or reliance letter with respect to an Opinion of Counsel) that the Securities have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and such Securities will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms. The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.

**Section 2.04 Registrar and Paying Agent.** The Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.02, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment ("*Paying Agent*"), and where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange ("*Registrar*"). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and of their transfer and exchange. The Company hereby appoints the Trustee as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar or Paying Agent. The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars or additional paying agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar and a Paying Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.02 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name or address of any such co-registrar or additional paying agent. The term "Registrar" includes any co-registrar; and the term "Paying Agent" includes any additional paying agent. The Company hereby appoints the Trustee as the initial Registrar and Paying Agent for each Series unless another Registrar or Paying Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued.

**Section 2.05 Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.** The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Holders of any Series of Securities, or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Holders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon an Event of Default under Section 6.01(d) or (e), the Trustee shall be the Paying Agent.

**Section 2.06 Holder Lists.** The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Holders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA Section 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten (10) days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders of each Series of Securities.

**Section 2.07 Transfer and Exchange.** Where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar's request. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.06 or 9.06). Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of, or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business fifteen days immediately preceding the delivery of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such delivery, or (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part.

**Section 2.08 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a protected purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. Every new Security of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder. The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.

**Section 2.09 Outstanding Securities.** The Securities outstanding at any time are all the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as not outstanding. If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.08, it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a protected purchaser. If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue. A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security. In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.02.

**Section 2.10 Treasury Securities.** In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, Securities of a Series owned by the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.

**Section 2.11 Temporary Securities.** Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon request shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.

**Section 2.12 Cancellation.** The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation in accordance with its customary procedures. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.

**Section 2.13 Defaulted Interest.** If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest at the rate established for the particular Series, if any, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Holders of the Series on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix the special record date and payment date; provided that if no rate for defaulted interest is specified for any Series of Securities, then the defaulted interest rate shall be the interest rate specified for such Series of Securities. At least ten (10) days before the special record date, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee and to each Holder of the Series a notice that states the record date, the related payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may also pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner.

**Section 2.14 Global Securities.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Terms of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Transfer and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.07 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.07 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event, (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable or (iii) an Event of Default with respect to the Securities represented by such Global Security shall have happened and be continuing. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Except as provided in this Section 2.14(c), a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Legend. Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:

**"This Security is a Global Security within the meaning of the Indenture hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of the Depositary or a nominee of the Depositary. This Security is exchangeable for Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depositary or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Indenture, and may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or another nominee of the Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary."**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) Acts of Holders. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) Payments. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.02, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) Consents, Declaration and Directions. Except as provided in Section 2.14(g), the Company, the Trustee and any Agent shall treat a person as the Holder of such principal amount of outstanding Securities of such Series represented by a Global Security as shall be specified in a written statement of the Depositary with respect to such Global Security, for purposes of obtaining any consents, declarations, waivers or directions required to be given by the Holders pursuant to this Indenture.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) The Depositary or its nominee, as registered owner of a Global Security, shall be the Holder of such Global Security for all purposes under the Indenture and the Securities, and owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security shall hold such interests pursuant to the Applicable Procedures. Accordingly, any such owner's beneficial interest in a Global Security will be shown only on, and the transfer of such interest shall be effected only through, records maintained by the Depositary or its nominee and such owners of beneficial interests in a Global Security will not be considered the owners or holders thereof. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Security, where this Indenture or any Global Security provides for notice of any event (including any notice of redemption or repurchase) to a Holder of a Global Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given if given to the Depositary (or its designee) pursuant to the standing instructions from the Depositary or its designee, including by electronic mail in accordance with applicable Depositary procedures.

**Section 2.15 CUSIP Numbers.** The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use "CUSIP" numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee of any change in "CUSIP" numbers of which the Company becomes aware.

**ARTICLE III**

**REDEMPTION**

**Section 3.01 Notice to Trustee.** The Company may, with respect to any Series of Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee of the redemption date and the principal amount of the Series of Securities to be redeemed.

**Section 3.02 Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.** Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers' Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Trustee shall select the Securities of the Series to be redeemed in any manner that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate. The Trustee shall make the selection from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. Securities of a Series and portions selected for redemption shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.02(j), the minimum principal denomination for each Series and integral multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption. The Trustee shall not be liable for the selection made in accordance with this Section 3.02.

**Section 3.03 Notice of Redemption.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Unless otherwise specified for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers' Certificate, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall deliver notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed. The notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) the redemption date;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) the redemption price or the manner of the calculation of the redemption price;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) the name and address of the Paying Agent;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) that Securities of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vi) the CUSIP number, if any; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(vii) any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.

At the Company's request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company's name and at its expense; provided that the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least five Business Days (or such shorter period as the Trustee may consent to in writing) before notice of redemption is required to be delivered or caused to be delivered to Holders pursuant to this Section 3.03, an Officers' Certificate of the Company requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph.

**Section 3.04 Effect of Notice of Redemption.** Once notice of redemption is delivered as provided in Section 3.03, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date; provided that installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the redemption date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities (or one or more predecessor Securities) registered at the close of business on the relevant record date therefor according to their terms and the terms of this Indenture.

**Section 3.05 Deposit of Redemption Price.** Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers' Certificate, on or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.

**Section 3.06 Securities Redeemed in Part.** Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Company shall issue and the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.

**ARTICLE IV**

**COVENANTS**

**Section 4.01 Payment of Principal and Interest.** The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.

**Section 4.02 SEC Reports.** Any information, documents or other reports that the Company shall file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is filed with the Commission; provided that any such information, documents or reports filed or furnished with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (or EDGAR) system shall be deemed filed with the Trustee as of the time such information, documents or reports are filed or furnished via EDGAR.

**Section 4.03 Compliance Certificate.** The Company shall, so long as any of the Securities are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officers' Certificate stating whether or not to the knowledge of the signers thereof the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder), and if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, specifying all such Defaults or Events of Default and the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge.

**Section 4.04 Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.** The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities or any other law that would prohibit or forgive the Company from paying all or any portion of the principal of, or interest on, the Securities as contemplated in the Indenture, any indenture supplemental thereto relating to the Securities or the Securities and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.

**ARTICLE V**

**SUCCESSORS**

**Section 5.01 When Company May Merge, Etc.** The Company shall not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, another person (a "*Successor Person*") unless:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) the Company is the surviving corporation or the Successor Person (if other than the Company) is organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes the Company's obligations on the Securities and under this Indenture; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing.

The Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officers' Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.

**Section 5.02 Successor Corporation Substituted.** Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.01, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such Successor Person has been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

**ARTICLE VI**

**DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES**

**Section 6.01 Events of Default.**

"*Event of Default*," wherever used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate, it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default or the terms of such Event of Default have been modified or superceded as set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate for such Securities of any Series:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to the expiration of such period of 30 days); or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) default in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) default in the performance or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty for which the consequences of nonperformance or breach are addressed elsewhere in this Section 6.01 and other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a Series of Securities other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) commences a voluntary case or proceeding;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(v) makes an admission in writing that it is generally unable to pay its debts as the same become due; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.02(n).

The term "*Bankruptcy Law*" means Title 11 of the U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. The term "*Custodian*" means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.

**Section 6.02 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.** If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section 6.01(d) or (e)), then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(d) or (e) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article; provided that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13. No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

**Section 6.03 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.**

The Company covenants that if:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) default is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, then the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and any overdue interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.

If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.

If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.

**Section 6.04 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.** In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, (a) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and (b) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding.

**Section 6.05 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.** All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered.

**Section 6.06 Application of Money Collected.**

Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:

First: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07; and

Second: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and

Third: To the Company.

**Section 6.07 Limitation on Suits.** No Holder of any Security of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) such Holder or Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series;

it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.

**Section 6.08 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.** Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.

**Section 6.09 Restoration of Rights and Remedies.** If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.

**Section 6.10 Rights and Remedies Cumulative.** Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.08, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.

**Section 6.11 Delay or Omission Not Waiver.** No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be.

**Section 6.12 Control by Holders.** Subject to Section 7.02(f), the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) subject to the provisions of Section 7.01, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal liability.

**Section 6.13 Waiver of Past Defaults.** The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such Series waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default (i) in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration) or (ii) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each outstanding Security of such Series affected. Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.

**Section 6.14 Undertaking for Costs.** All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Stated Maturity or Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date).

**ARTICLE VII**

**TRUSTEE**

**Section 7.01 Duties of Trustee.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person's own affairs.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) The Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely and is fully protected, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officers' Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such Officers' Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officers' Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture (but need not confirm or investigate the accuracy of mathematical calculations or other facts stated therein) .

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) The Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) The Trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power at the request or direction of any Holder unless it receives indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if it shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including the right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder and to its agents. The provisions set forth in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of this Section shall apply to the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder and its agents.

**Section 7.02 Rights of Trustee.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) The Trustee may conclusively rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting at the direction of the Company, it may require an Officers' Certificate. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers' Certificate.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) The Trustee may act through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. No Depositary shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee, and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depositary.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers, provided that the Trustee's conduct does not constitute negligence or willful misconduct.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) The Trustee may consult with counsel, and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder without negligence and in good faith and in reliance thereon.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by the Trustee to be genuine and to have been signed or delivered by the proper person.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of Default, other than a failure by the Company to make any payment hereunder when due if the Trustee is the Paying Agent, unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by the Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series and this Indenture and states that it is a "notice of default."

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) The permissive rights of the Trustee enumerated herein shall not be construed as duties.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any special, indirect, punitive, incidental or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including, but not limited to, lost profits) irrespective of whether the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) Neither the Trustee nor any Agent shall be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligation under this Indenture arising out of or caused, directly or indirectly, by circumstances beyond its reasonable control, including, without limitation, acts of God; earthquakes; fire; flood; wars; acts of terrorism; civil or military disturbances; sabotage; epidemic; riots; interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, computer (hardware or software) or communications services; accidents; labor disputes; acts of civil or military authority or governmental action; it being understood that each of the Trustee and Agents shall use commercially reasonable efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as reasonably practicable under the circumstances.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) The Trustee shall not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the performance of its powers and duties hereunder.

**Section 7.03 Individual Rights of Trustee.** The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.

**Section 7.04 Trustee's Disclaimer.** The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities, it shall not be accountable for the Company's use of the proceeds from the Securities, and it shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its authentication.

**Section 7.05 Notice of Defaults.** If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall deliver to each Holder of the Securities of that Series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as it in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Holders of that Series.

**Section 7.06 Reports by Trustee to Holders.** Within 60 days after March 15 in each year, the Trustee shall transmit by deliver to all Holders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar a brief report dated as of such March 15, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA Section 313. A copy of each report at the time of its delivery to Holders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Securities of that Series are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when Securities of any Series are listed on any stock exchange.

**Section 7.07 Compensation and Indemnity.** The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee's compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee's agents and counsel. The Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee (including the cost of defending itself) against any loss, liability or expense, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it except as set forth in this Section 7.07 in the performance of its duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure or delay by the Trustee to so notify the Company of any claim for which it may seek indemnity shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder except to the extent such failure or delay shall have materially prejudiced the Company. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have one separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee. The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through the gross negligence or willful misconduct of any such persons as determined by a final order of a court of competent jurisdiction. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any insolvency, bankruptcy or similar law. The provisions of this Section shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustee and the termination or discharge of this Indenture.

**Section 7.08 Replacement of Trustee.** A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee's acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section. The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series if:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the Trustee is adjudged bankrupt or insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any insolvency, bankruptcy or similar law;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) a custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting.

If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee.

If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.

A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.07, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall deliver a notice of its succession to each Holder of each such Series. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company's obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it prior to the date of such replacement.

**Section 7.09 Successor Trustee by Merger, etc.** If the Trustee consolidates with, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business (including administration of this Indenture) to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee.

**Section 7.10 Eligibility; Disqualification.** This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA Section 310(a)(1), (2) and (5) and has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. The Trustee shall comply with TIA Section 310(b).

**Section 7.11 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.** The Trustee is subject to TIA Section 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA Section 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA Section 311(a) to the extent indicated.

**ARTICLE VIII**

**SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE**

**Section 8.01 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.**

This Indenture shall upon Company Order cease to be of further effect (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.01), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) any of the following shall have occurred:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) no Securities have been issued hereunder;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(iii) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (1) have become due and payable, or (2) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or (3) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company; and the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable on or prior to the date of such deposit) or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may be;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with.

Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.07 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.05, 2.07, 2.08, 8.01, 8.02 and 8.05 shall survive.

**Section 8.02 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Subject to the provisions of Section 8.05, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.01, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.03 or 8.04, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (other than the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.03 or 8.04.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.03 or 8.04 or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.03 or 8.04 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.

**Section 8.03 Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.** Unless this Section 8.03 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.02(s), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, at Company Request, execute such instruments reasonably requested by the Company acknowledging the same), except as to:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) the rights of Holders of Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Stated Maturity of such principal or installment of principal or interest, and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such Series; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) the provisions of Sections 2.04, 2.05, 2.07, 2.08, 8.02, 8.03 and 8.05; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) the rights, powers, trust and immunities of the Trustee hereunder; provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) with reference to this Section 8.03, the Company shall have deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.02(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments, specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal and such sinking fund payments are due;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling, or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders of the Securities of such Series over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) such defeasance shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder.

**Section 8.04 Covenant Defeasance.** Unless this Section 8.04 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.02(s), to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, on and after the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (a) hereof, the Company may omit to comply with respect to the Securities of any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.02, 4.03, and 5.01 as well as any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers' Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default with respect to such Series under Section 6.01) and the occurrence of any event specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officers' Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 and designated as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) with reference to this Section 8.04, the Company has deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.02(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations, or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, if any, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of interest or principal and such sinking fund payments are due;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance had not occurred;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) Such defeasance shall not result in the trust arising from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or exempt from registration thereunder.

**Section 8.05 Repayment to Company.** The Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon written request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed for two years, and after such time, Holders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another person.

**Section 8.06 Reinstatement.** If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money deposited with respect to Securities of any series in accordance with Section 8.01 by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such series and under the Securities of such series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.01 until such time as the Trustee or the Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.01; provided, however, that if the Company has made any payment of principal of, premium (if any) or interest on any Additional Amounts with respect to any Securities because of the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or the Paying Agent.

**ARTICLE IX**

**AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS**

**Section 9.01 Without Consent of Holders.** Unless otherwise specified for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers' Certificate, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Holder:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) to evidence the succession of another person to the Company under this Indenture and the Securities and the assumption by any such Successor Person of the obligations of the Company hereunder and under the Securities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) to add covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly being included for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company provided such action does not adversely affect the interests of the Holders;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) to add any additional Events of Default;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in uncertificated form;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in respect of one or more series of Securities, provided that any such addition, change or elimination (A) shall neither (i) apply to any Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii) modify the rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (B) shall become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) to establish the forms or terms of the Securities of any series issued pursuant to the terms hereof;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) to cure any ambiguity or correct any inconsistency in this Indenture;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) to qualify this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(j) to provide for uncertificated securities in addition to certificated securities;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(k) to supplement any provisions of this Indenture necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities, provided that such action does not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such series or any other series;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(l) to conform the Indenture to any Description of Securities for a particular Series of Securities; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(m) to comply with the rules or regulations of any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which any of the Securities may be listed or traded.

**Section 9.02 With Consent of Holders.** The Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of each such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series. It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall deliver to the Holders of Securities affected thereby a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to deliver such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.

**Section 9.03 Limitations.** Unless otherwise specified for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officers' Certificate, without the consent of each Holder affected, an amendment or waiver may not:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) reduce the amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(e) waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(f) make the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(g) make any change in Sections 6.08, 6.13, or 9.03; or

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(h) waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security.

**Section 9.04 Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.** Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.

**Section 9.05 Revocation and Effect of Consents.** Until an amendment is set forth in a supplemental indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder's Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture or the date the waiver becomes effective. Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Holder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (h) of Section 9.03. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder's Security.

**Section 9.06 Notation on or Exchange of Securities.** The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon request new Securities of that Series that reflect the amendment or waiver.

**ARTICLE X**

**MISCELLANEOUS**

**Section 10.01 Trust Indenture Act Controls.** If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control.

**Section 10.02 Notices.**

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class mail or sent by telecopier transmission or electronic transmission in PDF addressed as follows:

if to the Company:

Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.

10 Times Square, 30th Floor

New York, New York 10018

Attention: Corporate Secretary

if to the Trustee:

[ ]

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be delivered to his address shown on the register kept by the Registrar. Failure to deliver a notice or communication to a Holder of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders of that or any other Series. If a notice or communication is delivered in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Holder receives it. If the Company delivers a notice or communication to Holders, it shall deliver a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Any notice or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given or served by the Company may, at the Company's written request received by the Trustee not fewer than five (5) Business Days prior (or such shorter period of time as may be acceptable to the Trustee) to the date on which such notice must be given or served, be given or served by the Trustee in the name of and at the expense of the Company.

**Section 10.03 Communication by Holders with Other Holders.** Holders of any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA Section 312(b) with other Holders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA

**Section 10.04 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.** Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) an Officers' Certificate stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.

**Section 10.05 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.** Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA Section 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA Section 314(e) and shall include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) a statement that, in the opinion of such person, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.

**Section 10.06 Rules by Trustee and Agents.** The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Holders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions.

**Section 10.07 Legal Holidays.** Unless otherwise provided by Board Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture hereto for a particular Series, a "*Legal Holiday*" is any day that is not a Business Day. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period.

**Section 10.08 No Recourse Against Others.** A director, officer, employee or stockholder, as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.

**Section 10.09 Counterparts.** This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or PDF transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or PDF shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes.

**Section 10.10 Governing Laws.** This Indenture and the Securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York.

**Section 10.11 No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.** This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture.

**Section 10.12 Successors.** All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.

**Section 10.13 Severability.** In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

**Section 10.14 **Table of Contents**, Headings, Etc.** The **Table of Contents**, Cross-Reference Table, and headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.

**Section 10.15 Securities in a Foreign Currency.** Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officers' Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.02 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in a coin or currency other than Dollars, then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount at the Market Exchange Rate at such time. For purposes of this Section 10.15, "*Market Exchange Rate*" shall mean the noon Dollar buying rate in New York City for cable transfers of that currency as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. If such Market Exchange Rate is not available for any reason with respect to such currency, the Company shall use, in its sole discretion and without liability on its part, such quotation of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as of the most recent available date, or quotations from one or more major banks in The City of New York or in the country of issue of the currency in question or such other quotations as the Company, shall deem appropriate. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture. All decisions and determinations of the Company regarding the Market Exchange Rate or any alternative determination provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be in its sole discretion and shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Company, the Trustee and all Holders. The Trustee shall have no duty to calculate or verify the calculations made pursuant to this Section 10.15.

**Section 10.16 U.S.A. Patriot Act.** The Company acknowledges that in accordance with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee, like all financial institutions, and in order to help fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering, is required to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The Company agrees that it will provide the Trustee with such information as it may reasonably request as required in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act.

**Section 10.17 Waiver of Jury Trial.** EACH OF THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING AS BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE ONLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE OR THE SECURITIES.

**ARTICLE XI**

**SINKING FUNDS**

**Section 11.01 Applicability of Article.** The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series, except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture. The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a "*mandatory sinking fund payment*" and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an "*optional sinking fund payment*." If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.02. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.

**Section 11.02 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.** The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officers' Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption, and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 11.02, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.

**Section 11.03 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.** Not less than 45 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate in respect of a particular Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.02, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.02 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.03. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.04, 3.05 and 3.06.

*[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]*

**IN WITNESS WHEREOF**, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written.

---

| |
|:---|
| **NANO NUCLEAR INC.**, a Nevada corporation |
| By: |
| Name: |
| Title: |
| [ ]. |
| as Trustee |
| By: |
| Name: |
| Title: |

---

[*Signature Page to Indenture*]

## Exhibit 5.1

**Exhibit 5.1**

July 25, 2025

The Board of Directors

Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.

10 Times Square, 30th Floor

New York, New York 10018

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Re:** | **Nano Nuclear Energy Inc. – Registration Statement on Form S-3** |

---

We have served as special Nevada counsel to Nano Nuclear Energy Inc., a Nevada corporation (the "Company"), with respect to the Company's preparation and filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on the date hereof, as amended from time to time (the "Registration Statement") under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). The Registration Statement includes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(i) a
 base prospectus (the "Shelf Prospectus") relating to the proposed offer, issuance
 and sale, from time to time, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, as set forth
 in the Registration Statement and the supplements to the Shelf Prospectus, by the Company
 of an indeterminate number of securities (with an aggregate dollar value of $620 million)
 consisting of the Company's common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the "Common
 Stock"), shares of the Company's preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share,
 in one or more series (the "Preferred Stock"), warrants to purchase Preferred
 Stock or Common Stock (the "Warrants"), debt securities, which may be senior
 or subordinated or senior or subordinated convertible or exchangeable, and which may be issued
 in one or more series (the "Debt Securities"), units consisting of any combination
 of Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities or Warrants (the "Units," and
 together with the Common Stock, the Preferred Stock, the Warrants, and the Debt Securities,
 the "Shelf Securities") or any combination of Common Stock, Preferred Stock,
 Warrants, Debt Securities or Units; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(ii) an
 at the market sale agreement prospectus (the "ATM Prospectus") covering the offering,
 issuance and sale by the Company of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $400 million
 of Common Stock (the "ATM Securities," and, together with the Shelf Securities,
 the "Securities") that may be issued and sold under a sales agreement (in the
 form filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, the "Sales Agreement")
 to be entered into by and among the Company and TD Securities (USA) LLC, Piper Sandler &
 Co. and UBS Securities LLC (each a "Sales Agent" and together, the "Sales
 Agents").

Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.

July 25, 2025

Page Two

The Securities are to be sold from time to time as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Shelf Prospectus or the ATM Prospectus, as applicable, and the supplements to the Shelf Prospectus and/or the ATM Prospectus, as applicable (the "Applicable Prospectus Supplements"). The Shelf Securities under the Shelf Prospectus are to be sold pursuant to a purchase, underwriting, subscription, placement agency or similar agreement, which, in the case of the Shelf Securities, will be in substantially the forms to be filed by the Company under a Current Report on Form 8-K. The ATM Securities under the ATM Prospectus are to be sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement.

This opinion is being furnished in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement. All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the respective meanings given to them in the Shelf Prospectus or the ATM Prospectus, as applicable.

In connection with our representation of the Company, and as a basis for the opinion hereinafter set forth, we have relied upon and examined matters of fact, questions of law and documents as we have deemed necessary to render this opinion, including the originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the following documents (hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Documents"):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. The
 Registration Statement and exhibits thereto;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. The Shelf Prospectus;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. The ATM Prospectus;

4. The Sales Agreement;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. Articles
 of Incorporation of the Company filed with the Nevada Secretary of State on February 8, 2022,
 as amended on March 4, 2024 (the "Articles of Incorporation");

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. Amended
 and Restated By-Laws of the Company adopted and effective on March 4, 2024 (collectively
 with the Articles of Incorporation, the "Charter Documents");

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. The
 Certificate of Good Standing of the Company issued by the Nevada Secretary of State on July
 24, 2025;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8. Unanimous
 Written Consent of the Board of Directors of the Company, dated July 23, 2025 relating to
 the Registration Statement, the Shelf Prospectus, the ATM Prospectus, the Sales Agreement
 and other actions with regard thereto (the "Resolution"), dated July 23, 2025;

Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.

July 25, 2025

Page Three

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. A
 certificate executed by an officer of the Company, dated July 25, 2025 as to certain
 factual matters; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. Such
 other documents and matters as we have deemed necessary or appropriate to express the opinion
 set forth below, subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein.

In expressing the opinions set forth below, we have assumed the following:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A. Each
 individual executing any of the Documents, whether on behalf of such individual or any other
 person, is legally competent to do so.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B. All
 Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic. The form and content of all Documents
 submitted to us as unexecuted drafts do not differ in any respect relevant to this opinion
 from the form and content of such Documents as executed and delivered. All Documents submitted
 to us as certified or photostatic copies conform to the original documents. All signatures
 on all such Documents are genuine. All public records reviewed or relied upon by us or on
 our behalf are true and complete. All representations, warranties, statements and information
 contained in the Documents are true and complete. There has been no oral or written modification
 of or amendment to any of the Documents, and there has been no waiver of any provision of
 any of the Documents, by action or omission of the parties or otherwise. For the purpose
 of the opinion rendered below, we have assumed that, upon each issuance of Securities, the
 Company will receive or has received the consideration for such Securities required by the
 Resolution and the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting, subscription, placement
 agency or similar agreement with respect to such Securities offered under the Registration
 Statement.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;C. (i)
 The Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments),
 will have become effective under the Securities Act; (ii) an Applicable Prospectus Supplement
 will have been filed with the Commission describing the Securities offered thereby; (iii)
 the Securities will be issued and sold in compliance with applicable U.S. federal and state
 securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the Applicable
 Prospectus Supplements; (iv) that a definitive purchase, underwriting, subscription, placement
 agency or similar agreement with respect to any Shelf Securities offered under the Registration
 Statement will have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company
 and the other parties thereto; (v) that the Sales Agreement with respect to any ATM Securities
 offered under the Registration Statement will have been duly authorized and validly executed
 and delivered by the Company and the other parties thereto; (vi) that any Shelf Securities
 issuable upon conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise of any Shelf Securities being
 offered will be duly authorized, created and, if appropriate, reserved for issuance upon
 such conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise; (vii) with respect to shares of Common
 Stock or Preferred Stock offered, that there will be sufficient shares of Common Stock or
 Preferred Stock authorized under the Company's organizational documents that are not
 otherwise reserved for issuance; (viii) with respect to any Shelf Securities issuable upon
 exercise of any Warrants, such Warrants will constitute valid and legally binding obligations
 of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms; and (ix)
 any Warrants offered under the Registration Statement, and the related indenture and warrant
 agreement, will be executed in the forms filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement
 or incorporated by reference therein.

Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.

July 25, 2025

Page Four

Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein, it is our opinion that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. With respect to shares of the Common Stock to be sold by the Company pursuant to the Shelf Prospectus, when both: (a) the Board of Directors of the Company or a duly constituted and acting committee thereof (such Board of Directors or committee being hereinafter referred to as the "Board") has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and the terms of the offering of the shares of Common Stock and related matters; and (b) book entries or certificates representing such shares of Common Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting, subscription, placement agency or similar agreement approved by the Board, or upon the exercise of Warrants to purchase Common Stock, upon payment of the consideration therefor (not less than the par value of the Common Stock) provided for therein, then such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. With respect to any particular series of shares of Preferred Stock to be sold by the Company pursuant to the Shelf Prospectus, when both: (a) the Board has taken all necessary corporate action to approve the issuance and terms of the shares of Preferred Stock, the terms of the offering thereof, and related matters; and (b) book entries or certificates representing the shares of Preferred Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered either (i) in accordance with the applicable definitive purchase or similar agreement approved by the Board, or upon the exercise of Warrants to purchase Preferred Stock, upon payment of the consideration therefor (not less than the par value of the Preferred Stock) provided for therein or (ii) upon conversion of any shares of Preferred Stock, for the conversion consideration approved by the Board (not less than the par value of the Preferred Stock), then the shares of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. With respect to shares of the Common Stock to be sold by the Company pursuant to the ATM Prospectus, such shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and, when book entries or certificates representing such shares of Common Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered in accordance with the Sales Agreement, upon payment of the consideration therefor (not less than the par value of the Common Stock) provided for in the Sales Agreement and the applicable placement notice, then such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

Nano Nuclear Energy Inc.

July 25, 2025

Page Five

We render this opinion letter only with respect to the general corporate law of the State of Nevada as set forth in Chapter 78 of the Nevada Revised Statutes. We neither express nor imply any opinion with respect to any other laws or the laws of any other jurisdiction or of the United States. For purposes of this opinion letter, we assume that the Securities will be issued in compliance with all applicable state securities or blue sky laws.

The opinions expressed herein are limited to the matters specifically set forth herein and no other opinion shall be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. We assume no obligation to supplement this opinion letter if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware of any fact that might change the opinions expressed herein after the date hereof. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, we neither express nor imply any opinion regarding the contents of the Registration Statement or any prospectus or supplement.

---

| |
|:---|
| Sincerely, |
| /PARSONS BEHLE & LATIMER/ |
| PARSONS BEHLE & LATIMER |

---

## Exhibit 23.1

**Exhibit 23.1**

**Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm**

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated December 30, 2024, relating to the consolidated financial statements of Nano Nuclear Energy, Inc. which appears in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We also consent to the reference to us under the caption "Experts" in the Prospectus.

/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC

New York, New York

July 25, 2025

## Ex-Filing

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'?

**Exhibit 107**

**Calculation of Filing Fee Table**

**FORM S-3**

(Form Type)

**NANO NUCLEAR ENERGY INC.**

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

**Table 1: Newly Registered Securities**

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Security Type** | **Security Class Title** | **Fee Calculation Rule or Instruction** | **Amount Registered** | **Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit** | **Maximum Aggregate Offering Price** | **Fee Rate** | **Amount of Registration Fee** |
| **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** | **Newly Registered Securities** |
| Fees to be paid | Equity | Common Stock | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (1) | (1) |  |  |
| Fees to be paid | Equity | Preferred Stock | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (1) | (1) |  |  |
| Fees to be paid | Other | Purchase Contracts | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (1) | (1) |  |  |
| Fees to be paid | Other | Warrants | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (1) | (1) |  |  |
| Fees to be paid | Other | Subscription Rights | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (1) | (1) |  |  |
| Fees to be paid | Other | Depositary Shares | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (1) | (1) |  |  |
| Fees to be paid | Debt | Debt Securities | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (1) | (1) |  |  |
| Fees to be paid | Other | Units | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (1) | (1) |  |  |
| Fees to be Paid | Unallocated (Universal) Shelf |  | Rule 457(o) | $620000000<sup>(1)</sup> | (1) | $620000000<sup>(1)</sup> | $0.0001531 | $94922 |
| Fees Previously Paid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | **Total Offering Amounts** | **Total Offering Amounts** | **Total Offering Amounts** |  |  | $620000000 |  | $94922 |
|  | **Total Fees Previously Paid** | **Total Fees Previously Paid** | **Total Fees Previously Paid** |  |  |  |  | - |
|  | **Total Fee Offsets** | **Total Fee Offsets** |  |  |  |  |  | $- |
|  | **Net Fee Due** | **Net Fee Due** |  |  |  |  |  | $94922 |

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(1) There
 are being registered under this Registration Statement such indeterminate number of common stock, preferred stock, purchase
 contracts, warrants, subscription rights, depositary shares, debt securities, units, and a combination of such securities,
 separately or as units, as may be sold by the Registrant at indeterminate prices from time to time, which collectively shall have an
 aggregate offering price not to exceed $620,000,000. The securities registered hereunder also include such indeterminate number of
 each class of identified securities as may be issued upon exercise, settlement, exchange or conversion securities offered or sold
 hereunder, or pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities
 Act, there is also being registered hereby such indeterminate number of additional shares of the Registrant's common stock,
 par value $0.0001 per share, in connection with any stock dividend, stock split, stock distribution, recapitalization or other
 similar transactions effected without receipt of consideration that increase the number of outstanding shares of common stock. The
 proposed offering price per security will be determined, from time to time, by the Registrant in connection with the sale of the
 securities under this Registration Statement.