# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001785173
**File Stem:** 0001193125-23-032518
**Filing Date:** 2023-2
**Character Count:** 34404
**Document Hash:** 59b40dd6672c75a8fafcf2ef21accfa4
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001193125-23-032518.hdr.sgml**: 20230210

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001193125-23-032518

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: S-3/A

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 3

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230210

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230210

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** 89bio, Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001785173
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 831114349
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** S-3/A
- **SEC ACT:** 1933 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 333-269471
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23611705

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 142 SANSOME STREET
- **STREET 2:** SECOND FLOOR
- **CITY:** SAN FRANCISCO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 94104
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** (415) 432-9270

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 142 SANSOME STREET
- **STREET 2:** SECOND FLOOR
- **CITY:** SAN FRANCISCO
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 94104

**As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 10, 2023** 

**Registration No. 333-269471** 

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**UNITED STATES** 

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION** 

**Washington, D.C. 20549** 

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**PRE-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 1** 

**TO** 

**FORM S-3**

**REGISTRATION STATEMENT** 

***UNDER***

***THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933***

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## 89bio, Inc.
**(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)** 

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---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **142 Sansome Street, 2nd Floor**<br> **San Francisco, CA 94104**<br> **(415) 432-9270** | **36-4946844** |
| **(State or other jurisdiction of**<br> **incorporation or organization)** | **(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)** | **(I.R.S. Employer**<br> **Identification Number)** |

---

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**Rohan Palekar** 

**Chief Executive Officer** 

**89bio, Inc.** 

**142 Sansome Street, 2nd Floor** 

**San Francisco, CA 94104** 

**(415) 432-9270**

**(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)** 

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***Copies to:***

**Ryan A. Murr** 

**Branden C. Berns** 

**Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP** 

**555 Mission Street** 

**San Francisco, CA 94105** 

**(415) 393-8373**

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**Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:** From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☒ |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

**The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.** 

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**EXPLANATORY NOTE** 

89bio, Inc. is filing this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-269471), initially filed on January 31, 2023 (the "Registration Statement"), solely for the purpose of (i) modifying the amount of remaining unsold securities to be included on the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) that were registered on a previously filed registration statement, as indicated in Exhibit 107 to this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 and (ii) to file an updated consent of KPMG LLP, the registrant's independent registered public accounting firm. Accordingly, this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 consists solely of this explanatory note, Part II of the Registration Statement, the signatures and the exhibit index and is not intended to amend or delete any part of the Registration Statement except as specifically noted herein.

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**PART II** 

**INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS** 

**Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution** 

The following table sets forth an estimate of the fees and expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by the registrant in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered. All the amounts shown are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
|  | **Amount** |
|  SEC registration fee | $46505.97 |
|  Printing and engraving expenses | \* |
|  Legal fees and expenses | \* |
|  Accounting fees and expenses | \* |
|  Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses | \* |
|  Miscellaneous fees and expenses | \* |
|  Total | $\* |

---

\* These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time.

**Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers** 

The company is a Delaware corporation. Section 145(a) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL") provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, other than an action by or in the right of the corporation, by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.

Section 145(b) of the DGCL provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person acted in any of the capacities set forth above, against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation, unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine, upon application, that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the court shall deem proper.

Further subsections of DGCL Section 145 provide that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1) to the extent a present or former director or officer of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in the defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (i) and (ii) of Section 145 or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses, including attorneys' fees, actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2) the indemnification and advancement of expenses provided for pursuant to Section 145 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3) the corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance of behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person's status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under Section 145.

As used in this Item 14, the term "proceeding" means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether or not by or in the right of the company, and whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or otherwise.

Section 145 of the DGCL makes provision for the indemnification of officers and directors in terms sufficiently broad to indemnify officers and directors of the company under certain circumstances from liabilities (including reimbursement for expenses incurred) arising under the Securities Act of 1933. The company's Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Second Amended and Restated Bylaws provide, in effect, that, to the fullest extent and under the circumstances permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL, the company will indemnify any and all of its officers and directors. The company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors. The company may, in its discretion, similarly indemnify its employees and agents. The company's Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation also relieves the company's directors from monetary damages to the company or its shareholders for breach of such director's fiduciary duty as a director to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL. Under Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL, a corporation may relieve its directors from personal liability to such corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for any breach of their fiduciary duty as directors except (i) for a breach of the duty of loyalty, (ii) for failure to act in good faith, (iii) for intentional misconduct or knowing violation of law, (iv) for willful or negligent violations of certain provisions in the DGCL imposing certain requirements with respect to stock repurchases, redemptions and dividends or (v) for any transactions from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

The company has purchased insurance policies that, within the limits and subject to the terms and conditions thereof, cover certain expenses and liabilities that may be incurred by directors and officers in connection with proceedings that may be brought against them as a result of an act or omission committed or suffered while acting as a director or officer of the company.

The underwriting agreements that we may enter into may provide for the indemnification by the underwriters of us and our officers and directors for certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act, and afford certain rights of contribution with respect thereto.

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**Item 16. Exhibits** 

A list of exhibits filed with this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the registration statement on Form S-3 is set forth on the Exhibit Index and is incorporated herein by reference.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br> **No.** | **Description** |
| 1.1\* | Form of Underwriting Agreement. |
| 3.1 | [Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed on November 15, 2019).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1785173/000119312519292680/d829788dex31.htm) |
| 3.2 | [Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed on November 15, 2019).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1785173/000119312519292680/d829788dex32.htm) |
| 4.1 | [Specimen common stock certificate of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Form S-1/A filed on October 28, 2019).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1785173/000119312519275407/d743471dex41.htm) |
| 4.2 | [Form of Debt Indenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on January 30, 2023).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1785173/000119312523019423/d443818dex42.htm) |
| 4.3\* | Form of Debt Securities. |
| 4.4\* | Form of Warrant Agreement and Warrant Certificate. |
| 4.5\* | Form of Unit Agreement and Unit Certificate. |
| 5.1 | [Opinion of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 5.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on January 30, 2023).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1785173/000119312523019423/d443818dex51.htm) |
| 23.1\*\*\* | [Consent of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.](d437651dex231.htm) |
| 23.2 | [Consent of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1 hereto).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1785173/000119312523019423/d443818dex51.htm) |
| 24.1 | [Power of Attorney (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 24.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on January 30, 2023).](http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1785173/000119312523019423/d443818ds3.htm#sig) |
| 25.1\*\* | Statement of Eligibility of Trustee under the Indenture. |
| 107\*\*\* | [Filing Fee Table.](d437651dexfilingfees.htm) |

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\* To be filed, if necessary, by amendment or as an exhibit to a document to be incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this registration statement, including a Current Report on Form 8-K.

\*\* To be filed in accordance with the requirements of Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and the applicable rules thereunder.

\*\*\* Filed herewith.

**Item 17. Undertakings** 

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Filing Fee Table" filed as an exhibit in the effective registration statement; and

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(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

*provided, however,* that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial *bona fide* offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial *bona fide* offering thereof. *Provided, however,* that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

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(6) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant's annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial *bona fide* offering thereof.

(7) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, (i) the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of the registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(l) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be a part of the registration statement as of the time it was declared effective; and (ii) each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(8) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(9) To file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.

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**SIGNATURES** 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Francisco, State of California, on February 10, 2023.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **89bio, Inc.** | **89bio, Inc.** |
| By: | /s/ Rohan Palekar |
|  | Rohan Palekar |
|  | *Chief Executive Officer* |

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Signatures** | **Title** | **Date** |
| /s/ Rohan Palekar<br> Rohan Palekar | Director, Chief Executive Officer<br> (*principal executive officer*) | February 10, 2023 |
| /s/ Ryan Martins<br> Ryan Martins | Chief Financial Officer<br> (*principal financial and accounting officer*) | February 10, 2023 |
| \*<br> Steven Altschuler, M.D. | Chairman | February 10, 2023 |
| \*<br> Derek DiRocco, Ph.D. | Director | February 10, 2023 |
| \*<br> Gregory Grunberg, M.D. | Director | February 10, 2023 |
| \*<br> Michael Hayden, M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D. | Director | February 10, 2023 |
| \*<br> Kathy LaPorte | Director | February 10, 2023 |
| \*<br> Lota Zoth, C.P.A. | Director | February 10, 2023 |
| \*<br> Edward Morrow Atkinson III | Director | February 10, 2023 |

---

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| \*By: | /s/ Rohan Palekar |
|  | Rohan Palekar |
|  | *Attorney-in-fact* |

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## Exhibit 23.1

**Exhibit 23.1** 

**Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm** 

We consent to the use of our report dated March 24, 2022, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of 89bio, Inc., incorporated herein by reference, and to the reference to our firm under the heading "Experts" in the prospectus.

/s/ KPMG LLP

San Francisco, California

February 10, 2023

## Ex-Filing

**Exhibit 107** 

**Calculation of Filing Fee Tables** 

**Form S-3** 

(Form Type)

**89bio, Inc.** 

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

**Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities** 

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | Security<br> Type | Security<br> Class<br> Title | Fee<br> Calculation<br> or Carry<br> Forward<br> Rule | Amount<br> Registered | Proposed<br> Maximum<br> Offering<br> Price Per<br> Unit | Maximum<br> Aggregate<br> Offering<br> Price | Fee<br> Rate | Amount of<br> Registration<br> Fee | Carry<br> Forward<br> Form<br> Type | Carry<br> Forward<br> File<br> Number | Carry<br> Forward<br> Initial<br> effective<br> date | Filing Fee<br> Previously<br> Paid In<br> Connection<br> with<br> Unsold<br> Securities<br> to be<br> Carried<br> Forward |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Newly Registered Securities |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fees to Be <br> Paid | Equity | Common stock, $0.001<br> par value per share<sup>(1)</sup>  | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (2) | (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fees to Be <br> Paid | Equity | Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share<sup>(1)</sup> | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (2) | (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fees to Be <br> Paid | Debt | Debt Securities | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (2) | (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fees to Be <br> Paid | Other | Warrants<sup>(1)</sup> | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (2) | (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fees to Be <br> Paid | Other | Units<sup>(1)</sup> | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (2) | (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fees to Be <br> Paid | Unallocated (Universal) Shelf |  | Rule 457(o) | (1) | (2) | $500000000 | 0.00011020 | $55100.00 |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Fees<br> Previously <br> Paid |  | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Carry Forward Securities |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Carry<br> Forward<br> Securities  | Unallocated<br>(Universal) Shelf | (4) | 415(a)(6) | (4) |  | $92707945<sup>(4)</sup> | 0.0000927 |  | S-3 | 333-254684 | April 23, 2021 | $8594.03 |
|  | Total Offering Amounts | Total Offering Amounts | Total Offering Amounts | Total Offering Amounts |  | $500000000 |  | $55100.00 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Total Fees Previously Paid | Total Fees Previously Paid | Total Fees Previously Paid | Total Fees Previously Paid |  |  |  | $8594.03 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Total Fee Offsets | Total Fee Offsets | Total Fee Offsets | Total Fee Offsets |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  |  |
|  | Net Fee Due | Net Fee Due | Net Fee Due | Net Fee Due |  |  |  | $46505.97 |  |  |  |  |

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(1) The amount to be registered consists of up to $500,000,000 of an indeterminate amount of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and/or units. There is also being registered hereunder such currently indeterminate number of (i) shares of common stock or other securities of the registrant as may be issued upon conversion of, or in exchange for, convertible or exchangeable debt securities and/or preferred stock registered hereby, or (ii) shares of preferred stock, common stock, debt securities or units as may be issued upon exercise of warrants registered hereby, as the case may be. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with the other securities registered hereunder.

(2) The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per unit will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act").

(3) Estimated solely for purposes of computing the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. In no event will the aggregate offering price of all securities sold by the registrant from time to time pursuant to this registration statement exceed $500,000,000. No separate consideration will be received for (i) common stock or other securities of the registrant that may be issued upon conversion of, or in exchange for, convertible or exchangeable debt securities and/or preferred stock registered hereby, or (ii) preferred stock, common stock, debt securities or units that may be issued upon exercise of warrants registered hereby, as the case may be.

(4) Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, securities with a maximum aggregate price of $92,707,945 registered hereunder are unsold securities (the "Unsold Securities") previously covered by the registrant's registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-254684) which was initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2021 and became effective on April 23, 2021 (the "Prior Registration Statement"), and are included in this registration statement. The registrant paid a filing fee of $8,594.03 (calculated at the filing fee rate in effect at the time of the filing of the Prior Registration Statement) relating to the Unsold Securities under the Prior Registration Statement, and no additional filing fee is due with respect to the Unsold Securities in connection with the filing of this registration statement. During the grace period afforded by Rule 415(a)(5) under the Securities Act, the registrant may continue to offer and sell under the Prior Registration Statement the Unsold Securities being registered hereunder. To the extent that, after the filing date hereof and prior to the effectiveness of this registration statement, the registrant sells any Unsold Securities under the Prior Registration Statement, the registrant will identify in a pre-effective amendment to this registration statement the updated number of Unsold Securities from the Prior Registration Statement to be included in this registration statement pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) and the updated amount of new securities to be registered on this registration statement. Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) under the Securities Act, the offering of Unsold Securities under the Prior Registration Statement will be deemed terminated as of the date of effectiveness of this registration statement.