# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001842279
**File Stem:** 0001628280-25-050643
**Filing Date:** 2025-11
**Character Count:** 205014
**Document Hash:** 2731a481ed855c09861b5850082dc6e4
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001628280-25-050643.hdr.sgml**: 20251107

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001628280-25-050643

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 91

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250930

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20251107

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20251107

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** OPAL Fuels Inc.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001842279
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** GAS & OTHER SERVICES COMBINED [4932]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 01 Energy & Transportation
- **EIN:** 000000000
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** E9
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-40272
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251462782

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 200 CLARENDON STREET, 55TH FLOOR
- **CITY:** BOSTON
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 02116
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 617-531-6300

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 200 CLARENDON STREET, 55TH FLOOR
- **CITY:** BOSTON
- **STATE:** MA
- **ZIP:** 02116

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** ArcLight Clean Transition Corp. II
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20210125

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? wdq-20250930

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**FORM 10-Q** 

**(Mark One)**

☒ **QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025**

**or**

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**For the transition period from _______________ to ____________** 

**Commission File Number: 001-40272** 

**OPAL FUELS INC.**

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware** | **98-1578357** |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| **One North Lexington Avenue, Suite 1450** | |
| **White Plains, New York** | **10601** |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |

---

**(914) 705-4000** 

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

**Not Applicable**

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share | OPAL | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☒&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

------

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☒ |
| Non-accelerated filer  | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |
| | | Emerging growth company | ☒ |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; No ☒

As of November 7, 2025, a total of 28,996,177 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 121,500,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share and 22,899,037 shares of Class D common stock, par value $0.0001 per share were outstanding.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

------

**CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS**

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our future results of operations or financial condition, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. Words such as "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "forecasts," "future," "goal," "intends," "may," "objective," "outlook," "plans," "projected," "propose," "seeks," "target," "will," "would" and variations of these words or similar expressions (or the negative versions of such words or expressions) are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, conditions or results, and involve a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other important factors, many of which are outside our control, which could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Important factors, among others, which may affect actual results or outcomes include:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ our ability to grow and manage growth profitably, and maintain relationships with customers and suppliers;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ our success in retaining or recruiting, our principal officers, key employees or directors;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ intense competition and competitive pressures from other companies in the industry in which we operate;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ increased costs of, or delays in obtaining, key components or labor for the construction and completion of LFG (as defined below) and livestock waste projects that generate electricity and RNG (as defined below), CNG (as defined below) and hydrogen dispensing stations;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ factors relating to our business, operations and financial performance, including market conditions and global and economic factors beyond our control;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ the reduction or elimination of government economic incentives to the renewable energy market;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ factors associated with companies that are engaged in the production and integration of RNG, including (i) anticipated trends, growth rates and challenges in those businesses and in the markets in which they operate, (ii) contractual arrangements with, and the cooperation of, owners and operators of the landfill and livestock biogas conversion project facilities, on which we operate our LFG and livestock waste projects that generate electricity and (iii) RNG prices for Environmental Attributes (as defined below), LCFS (as defined below) credits and other incentives;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ the ability to identify, acquire, develop and operate renewable projects and Fueling Stations (as defined below);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ our ability to issue equity or equity-linked securities or obtain or amend debt financing;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ the demand for renewable energy not being sustained;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ impacts of climate change, changing weather patterns and conditions and natural disasters; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;▪ the effect of legal, tax and regulatory changes.

The forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the heading "Risk Factors" in this Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on March 17, 2025 (our "Annual Report"). Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

------

**TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **<u>PAGE</u>** |
| **<u>[PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_13)</u>** | **<u>[PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_13)</u>** | |
| <u>[ITEM 1.](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_16)</u> | <u>[FINANCIAL STATEMENTS](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_13) (Unaudited)</u> | <u>[1](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_16)</u> |
| | <u>[Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_19)September 30, 2025[and December 31, 202](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_19)4</u> | <u>[1](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_19)</u> |
| | <u>[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_25)three and nine[months ended](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_25)September 30, 2025[and 202](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_25)4</u> | <u>[3](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_25)</u> |
| | <u>[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_28)[for the](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_28)three and nine[months ended](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_28)September 30, 2025[and 202](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_28)4</u> | <u>[4](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_28)</u> |
| | <u>[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes In Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest, Redeemable Preferred Non-Controlling Interest And Stockholders'](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_31)[Equity](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_31)[(Deficit)](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_31)[for the](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_31)three and nine months endedSeptember 30, 2025[and 202](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_31)4</u> | <u>[5](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_31)</u> |
| | <u>[Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_34)nine months endedSeptember 30, 2025[and 202](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_34)4</u> | <u>[8](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_34)</u> |
| | <u>[Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_37)</u> | <u>[10](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_37)</u> |
| <u>[ITEM 2.](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_79)</u> | <u>[MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_79)</u> | <u>[35](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_79)</u> |
| <u>ITEM 3.</u> | <u>[QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_94)</u> | <u>[49](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_94)</u> |
| <u>[ITEM 4.](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_97)</u> | <u>[CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_97)</u> | <u>[49](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_97)</u> |
| **<u>[PART II. OTHER INFORMATION](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_100)</u>** | **<u>[PART II. OTHER INFORMATION](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_100)</u>** | |
| <u>[ITEM 1.](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_103)</u> | <u>[LEGAL PROCEEDINGS](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_103)</u> | <u>[51](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_103)</u> |
| <u>[ITEM 1A.](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_106)</u> | <u>[RISK FACTORS](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_106)</u> | <u>[51](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_106)</u> |
| <u>[ITEM 2.](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_109)</u> | <u>[UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_109)</u> | <u>[51](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_109)</u> |
| <u>[ITEM 3.](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_112)</u> | <u>[DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_112)</u> | <u>[51](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_112)</u> |
| <u>[ITEM 4.](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_115)</u> | <u>[MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_115)</u> | <u>[51](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_115)</u> |
| <u>[ITEM 5.](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_118)</u> | <u>[OTHER INFORMATION](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_118)</u> | <u>[52](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_118)</u> |
| <u>[ITEM 6.](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_121)</u> | <u>[EXHIBITS](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_121)</u> | <u>[52](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_121)</u> |
| <u>[SIGNATURES](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_124)</u> | <u>[SIGNATURES](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_124)</u> | <u>[53](#i5fa4844a784141489635aff4429082a7_124)</u> |

---

**Glossary of Key Terms**

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q uses several terms of art that are specific to our industry and business. For the convenience of the reader, a glossary of such terms is provided here. Capitalized terms that are used in this Quarterly Report are either defined when they are first used or in the Glossary. Unless we otherwise indicate, or unless the context requires otherwise, any references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to:

*"ArcLight" refers to ArcLight Clean Transition Corp. II, a blank check company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempt company, and our previous name prior to the closing of the Business Combination.*

*"Biogas Conversion Projects" refers to projects derived from the recovery and processing of biogas from landfills and other non-fossil fuel sources, such as livestock and dairy farms, for beneficial use as a replacement to fossil fuels.*

*"Business Combination" refers to the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement dated as of December 2, 2021 (as the same has been or may be amended, modified, supplemented or waived from time to time), by and among ArcLight, OPAL Fuels and OPAL Holdco.*

*"Class A common stock" refers to the shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of OPAL.*

*"Class B common stock" refers to the shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of OPAL.*

*"Class C common stock" refers to the shares of Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of OPAL.*

------

*"Class D common stock" refers to the shares of Class D common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of OPAL.*

*"Company", "we", "our", "us", "Opal Fuels" or similar terms refers to OPAL Fuels Inc. individually or on a consolidated basis, as the context may require.*

*"Exchange Act" refers to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.*

*"FASB" refers to the Financial Accounting Standards Board.*

*"Fortistar" refers to Fortistar LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.*

*"Fueling Stations" refers to facilities where (i) natural gas is dispensed into fuel tanks of vehicles for use as transportation fuel, and (ii) transactional data from the dispensing of the fuel is recorded so that Environmental Attributes can be subsequently reported, matched with the dispensed fuel to the extent sourced from RNG, and generated under the federal or state RFS or LCFS programs and other current and potential future programs aimed at providing support for RNG into the transportation market. At the Fueling Stations, the natural gas is pressurized using compressor systems and, in this state, is referred to as CNG. Because Environmental Attributes associated with RNG are nominated/assigned to the physical quantity of CNG dispensed at the Fueling Station, when the CNG is dispensed into to fuel tanks for use as transportation fuel and subsequently reported to the EPA and/or state environmental agency and matched with the production of RNG, the respective RINs and LCFS credits are generated. Some of these stations are designed, developed, constructed, operated and maintained by us while others are third party stations where we may only provide maintenance services.*

*"Sarbanes-Oxley Act" refers to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*

*"Securities Act" refers to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.*

In addition, the following is a glossary of key industry terms used herein:

*"Btu" refers to British thermal units.*

*"CNG" refers to compressed natural gas.*

*"D3" refers to cellulosic biofuel with a 60% GHG reduction requirement.*

*"Environmental Attributes" refer to federal, state and local government incentives in the United States, provided in the form of RINs, RECs, LCFS credits, rebates, tax credits and other incentives to end users, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers of renewable energy projects, that promote the use of renewable energy.*

*"EPA" refers to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.*

*"GGE" refers to gasoline gallon equivalent. The conversion ratio is 1 MMBtu of natural gas equal to 7.74 GGE.*

*"GHG" refers to greenhouse gases.*

*"ISCC Carbon Credits" refers to Environmental Attributes associated with renewable biomethane.*

*"ISOs" refers to independent system operators.*

*"LCFS" refers to Low Carbon Fuel Standard or similar types of federal and state programs.*

*"LFG" refers to landfill gas.*

*"MMBtus" refers to million British thermal units.*

*"PTC" refers to the Production Tax Credit.*

*"RECs" refers to renewable energy credits.*

*"Renewable Power" refers to electricity generated from renewable sources.*

*"RFS" refers to the EPA's Renewable Fuel Standard.*

------

*"RINs" refers to Renewable Identification Numbers.*

*"RNG" refers to renewable natural gas.*

*"RVOs" refers to renewable volume obligations.*

------

**Part I - Financial Information**

**Item 1. Financial Statements**

**OPAL FUELS INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

**(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| **Assets** | | |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents (includes $119 and $358 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | $29928 | $24310 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $2,454 and $—, respectively (includes $17 and $435 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 31113 | 32013 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, related party | 21691 | 14522 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted cash - current (includes $906 and $972 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 1077 | 972 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fuel tax credits receivable | 3264 | 5639 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract assets | 12646 | 11075 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Parts inventory | 12082 | 10294 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expense and other current assets (includes $1,100 and $144 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 10984 | 18363 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current assets | 122785 | 117188 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Property, plant, and equipment, net (includes $30,931 and $25,428 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 484351 | 458258 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Investment in other entities | 227545 | 223594 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other long-term assets  | 24182 | 23483 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Restricted cash - non-current (includes $2,633 and $2,315 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 3278 | 3946 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Goodwill | 54608 | 54608 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets | 916749 | 881077 |
| **Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)** |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable (includes $178 and $22 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 15281 | 16419 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable, related party (includes $83 and $426 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs)  | 7425 | 7932 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fuel tax credits payable | 3069 | 4422 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued payroll (includes $39 and $45 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 8611 | 9580 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued and payable capital expenditures | 10014 | 23238 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued environmental credit rebates | 4593 | 5391 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (includes $1,148 and $974 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 14880 | 14717 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract liabilities | 8378 | 9276 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OPAL Term Loan - current portion | 9349 | 10865 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sunoma Loan - current portion (includes $1,861 and $1,756 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 1861 | 1756 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total current liabilities | 83461 | 103596 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OPAL Term Loan, net of debt issuance costs | 313324 | 266630 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Sunoma Loan, net of debt issuance costs (includes $17,071 and $18,373 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 17071 | 18373 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities - non-current portion | 11940 | 12155 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other long-term liabilities (includes $1,307 and $2,495 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, related to consolidated VIEs) | 8157 | 15291 |

---

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities | 433953 | 416045 |
| Commitments and contingencies *Note 12* |  |  |
| Redeemable preferred non-controlling interests | 130000 | 130000 |
| Redeemable non-controlling interests | 342528 | 482863 |
| Stockholders' equity (deficit) |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value, 340,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; shares issued: 30,631,960 and 30,065,260 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; shares outstanding: 28,996,177 and 28,429,477 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively | 3 | 3 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, 160,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 121,500,000 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and 71,500,000 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 | 12 | 7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Class C common stock, $0.0001 par value, 160,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Class D common stock, $0.0001 par value, 160,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 22,899,037 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and 72,899,037 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 | 2 | 7 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp; Retained earnings (accumulated deficit) | 19089 | (137004) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (12) | 152 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Class A common stock in treasury, at cost; 1,635,783 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | (11614) | (11614) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Stockholders' equity (deficit) attributable to the Company | 7480 | (148449) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-redeemable non-controlling interests | 2788 | 618 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total Stockholders' equity (deficit) | 10268 | (147831) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities, Redeemable preferred non-controlling interests, Redeemable non-controlling interests and Stockholders' equity (deficit) | $916749 | $881077 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

------

**OPAL FUELS INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS**

**(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Revenues:** |  |  |  |  |
| RNG Fuel (includes revenues from related parties of $17,950 and $22,798 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively; $55,929 and $54,174 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively) | $22921 | $25864 | $75650 | $63036 |
| Fuel Station Services (includes revenues from related parties of $11,492 and $12,526 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively; $40,921 and $34,234 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively) | 51722 | 45395 | 149426 | 121794 |
| Renewable Power (includes revenues from related parties of $2,022 and $1,799 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively; $4,676 and $5,129 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively) | 8714 | 12788 | 24144 | 35119 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenues | 83357 | 84047 | 249220 | 219949 |
| **Operating expenses:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of sales - RNG Fuel | 11774 | 9985 | 35341 | 26644 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of sales - Fuel Station Services | 40230 | 33609 | 118683 | 94882 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost of sales - Renewable Power | 5917 | 7774 | 19578 | 25931 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Project development and startup costs | 2543 | 6803 | 12101 | 10523 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selling, general, and administrative | 14376 | 12692 | 47803 | 39552 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation, amortization, and accretion | 5566 | 4697 | 16772 | 12677 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income from equity method investments | (637) | (3822) | (1877) | (11828) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 79769 | 71738 | 248401 | 198381 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating income | 3588 | 12309 | 819 | 21568 |
| **Other (expense) income:** |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest and financing expense, net | (6898) | (5026) | (19330) | (13976) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net |  | 278 | 281 | 1457 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other income | 129 | 640 | 2169 | 1737 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other expenses | (6769) | (4108) | (16880) | (10782) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Loss) income before income tax benefit | (3181) | 8201 | (16061) | 10786 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income tax benefit | 14567 | 8906 | 36290 | 8906 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | 11386 | 17107 | 20229 | 19692 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests | 7226 | 11998 | 10034 | 9618 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income attributable to non-redeemable non-controlling interests | 93 | 130 | 329 | 328 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests | 2617 | 2617 | 7851 | 7853 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Net income attributable to Class A common stockholders | $1450 | $2362 | $2015 | $1893 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Weighted average shares outstanding of Class A common stock: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | 28279527 | 27709203 | 28090014 | 27585620 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | 29592822 | 27743417 | 29013705 | 27644164 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Per share amounts: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Basic | $0.05 | $0.09 | $0.07 | $0.07 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Diluted | $0.05 | $0.09 | $0.07 | $0.07 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

------

**OPAL FUELS INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME**

**(In thousands of U.S. dollars)**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income | $11386 | $17107 | $20229 | $19692 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Effective portion of the cash flow hedge attributable to equity method investments | (34) | (510) | (287) | 5 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net unrealized loss on cash flow hedges | (46) | (59) | (697) | (59) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total comprehensive income | 11306 | 16538 | 19245 | 19638 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests (1) | 9405 | 14183 | 16573 | 16178 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests | (68) | (474) | (819) | (44) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Comprehensive income attributable to non-redeemable non-controlling interests | 93 | 130 | 329 | 328 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests | 438 | 431 | 1313 | 1292 |
| Comprehensive income attributable to Class A common stockholders | $1438 | $2268 | $1849 | $1884 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Includes $2,179 and $2,186 of dividends attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively; includes $6,538 and $6,561 of dividends attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

------

**OPAL FUELS INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)** 

**(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share data)**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Class A Common Stock** | **Class A Common Stock** | **Class B Common Stock** | **Class B Common Stock** | **Class D Common Stock** | **Class D Common Stock** | | | | | **Class A Common stock in Treasury** | **Class A Common stock in Treasury** | | **Mezzanine Equity** | **Mezzanine Equity** |
| | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-in capital | (Accumulated deficit) Retained Earnings | Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)/income | Non-redeemable non-controlling interests | Shares | Amount | Total (Deficit) Equity | Redeemable Preferred non-controlling interests | Redeemable non-controlling interests |
| **December 31, 2024** | 30065260 | 3 | 71500000 | 7 | 72899037 | 7 |  | (137004) | 152 | 618 | (1635783) | (11614) | (147831) | 130000 | 482863 |
| Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 202 |  | 76 |  |  | 278 |  | 1006 |
| Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (94) |  |  |  | (94) |  | (469) |
| Issuance of Class A common stock for vesting of equity awards net of tax withholdings | 542404 |  |  |  |  |  | (382) |  |  |  |  |  | (382) |  |  |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 293 |  |  |  |  |  | 293 |  | 1458 |
| Distributions to non-redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (60) |  |  | (60) |  |  |
| Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (437) |  |  |  |  | (437) | 2617 | (2180) |
| Change in redemption value of Redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | 89 | 205870 |  |  |  |  | 205959 |  | (205959) |
| Payment of preferred dividend |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2617) |  |
| **March 31, 2025** | 30607664 | 3 | 71500000 | 7 | 72899037 | 7 |  | 68631 | 58 | 634 | (1635783) | (11614) | 57726 | 130000 | 276719 |
| Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1237 |  | 160 |  |  | 1397 |  | 6162 |
| Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (56) |  |  |  | (56) |  | (282) |
| Issuance of Class A common stock under the ATM program | 17104 |  |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |
| Share conversion |  |  | 50000000 | 5 | (50000000) | (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of Class A common stock for vesting of equity awards net of tax withholdings | 7192 |  |  |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |  |  |  | (5) |  |  |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 369 |  |  |  |  |  | 369 |  | 1835 |
| Distributions to non-redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (50) |  |  | (50) |  |  |
| Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (438) |  |  |  |  | (438) | 2617 | (2180) |
| Capital contribution from non-redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1991 |  |  | 1991 |  |  |
| Change in redemption value of Redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | (422) | (82872) |  |  |  |  | (83294) |  | 83294 |
| Payment of preferred dividend |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2617) |  |

---

------

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **June 30, 2025** | 30631960 | 3 | 121500000 | 12 | 22899037 | 2 |  | (13442) | 2 | 2735 | (1635783) | (11614) | (22302) | 130000 | 365548 |
| Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1888 |  | 93 |  |  | 1981 |  | 9405 |
| Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (14) |  |  |  | (14) |  | (67) |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  |  |  | 150 |  | 752 |
| Distributions to non-redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (40) |  |  | (40) |  |  |
| Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (438) |  |  |  |  | (438) | 2617 | (2179) |
| Change in redemption value of Redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | (150) | 31081 |  |  |  |  | 30931 |  | (30931) |
| Payment of preferred dividend |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2617) |  |
| **September 30, 2025** | 30631960 | 3 | 121500000 | 12 | 22899037 | 2 |  | 19089 | (12) | 2788 | (1635783) | (11614) | 10268 | 130000 | 342528 |

---

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Class A Common Stock** | **Class A Common Stock** | **Class B Common Stock** | **Class B Common Stock** | **Class D Common Stock** | **Class D Common Stock** | | | | | **Class A Common stock in Treasury** | **Class A Common stock in Treasury** | | **Mezzanine Equity** | **Mezzanine Equity** |
| | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-in capital | Accumulated deficit | Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | Non-redeemable non-controlling interests | Shares | Amount | Total Deficit | Redeemable Preferred non-controlling interests | Redeemable non-controlling interests |
| **December 31, 2023** | 29701146 | 3 |  |  | 144399037 | 14 |  | (467195) | (15) | 955 | (1635783) | (11614) | (477852) | 132617 | 802720 |
| Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 110 |  | 2 |  |  | 112 |  | 565 |
| Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | 57 |  | 293 |
| Issuance of Class A common stock under the ATM program | 14005 |  |  |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |
| Share conversion |  |  | 71500000 | 7 | (71500000) | (7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of Class A common stock for vesting of equity awards net of tax withholdings | 307137 |  |  |  |  |  | (627) |  |  |  |  |  | (627) |  |  |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 165 |  |  |  |  |  | 165 |  | 848 |
| Distributions to non-redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (233) |  |  | (233) |  |  |
| Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (426) |  |  |  |  | (426) | 2618 | (2192) |
| Change in redemption value of Redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | 365 | 96679 |  |  |  |  | 97044 |  | (97044) |
| Payment of preferred dividend |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5235) |  |
| **March 31, 2024** | 30022288 | 3 | 71500000 | 7 | 72899037 | 7 |  | (370832) | 42 | 724 | (1635783) | (11614) | (381663) | 130000 | 705190 |
| Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 282 |  | 196 |  |  | 478 |  | 1430 |
| Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 28 |  | 137 |
| Issuance of Class A common stock under the ATM program | 22348 |  |  |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |
| Issuance of Class A common stock for vesting of equity awards net of tax withholdings | 13933 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

---

------

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 304 |  |  |  |  |  | 304 |  | 1538 |
| Distributions to non-redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62 |  |  | (403) |  |  | (341) |  |  |
| Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (435) |  |  |  |  | (435) | 2618 | (2183) |
| Change in redemption value of Redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | (439) | 109482 |  |  |  |  | 109043 |  | (109043) |
| Payment of preferred dividend |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2618) |  |
| **June 30, 2024** | 30058569 | 3 | 71500000 | 7 | 72899037 | 7 |  | (261503) | 70 | 517 | (1635783) | (11614) | (272513) | 130000 | 597069 |
| Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2793 |  | 130 |  |  | 2923 |  | 14183 |
| Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (95) |  |  |  | (95) |  | (474) |
| Issuance of Class A common stock for vesting of equity awards net of tax withholdings | 6691 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 240 |  |  |  |  |  | 240 |  | 1217 |
| Distributions to non-redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | (62) |  |  | (55) |  |  |
| Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (431) |  |  |  |  | (431) | 2617 | (2186) |
| Change in redemption value of Redeemable non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  | (247) | 90683 |  |  |  |  | 90436 |  | (90436) |
| Payment of preferred dividend |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2617) |  |
| **September 30, 2024** | 30065260 | 3 | 71500000 | 7 | 72899037 | 7 |  | (168458) | (25) | 585 | (1635783) | (11614) | (179495) | 130000 | 519373 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

------

**OPAL FUELS INC.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS**

**(In thousands of U.S. dollars)**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Cash flows from operating activities:** |  |  |
| Net income | $20229 | $19692 |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Depreciation, amortization, and accretion | 16772 | 12677 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stock-based compensation | 4858 | 4312 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Allowance for accounts receivable | 2454 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Income from equity method investments | (1877) | (11828) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Distributions from return on investment in equity method investments | 8059 | 13661 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on nonmonetary asset | (1100) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on lease termination | (600) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Reduction of carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets | 575 | 555 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Write-offs of capitalized costs | 299 |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amortization of deferred financing costs | 1524 | 1310 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Paid-in-kind interest income | (156) | (207) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Change in fair value of commodity swaps | (921) | 494 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gain on note receivable | (815) | (11) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Unrealized gain on derivative financial instruments | (281) | (1457) |
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable | (3536) | (11986) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable, related party | (7169) | 3563 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fuel tax credits receivable | 2375 | (620) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract assets | (1571) | (2858) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Parts inventory | (1788) | (300) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepaid expense and other current and long-term assets | 8593 | (3751) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable | (1138) | (775) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts payable, related party | (507) | 1356 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fuel tax credits payable | (1353) | (34) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued payroll | (969) | (1053) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accrued expenses and other current and non-current liabilities | (468) | 9859 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating lease liabilities - current and non-current | (574) | (517) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract liabilities | (898) | (165) |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 40017 | 31917 |
| **Cash flows from investing activities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Purchase of property, plant, and equipment | (60890) | (72805) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Payment for short-term investments |  | (791) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Distributions from return of investment in equity method investment | 6236 | 1756 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid to equity method investments | (16656) | (13956) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash received from (paid for) note receivable | 1377 | (750) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (69933) | (86546) |
| **Cash flows from financing activities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from OPAL Term Loan and Revolving loan | 60000 | 45000 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Financing costs paid to other third parties | (1250) | (629) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment of OPAL Revolving Loan | (15000) |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment of Sunoma Loan | (1295) | (1193) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Repayment of principal portion of finance lease liabilities | (1144) | (43) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Payment of preferred dividends | (7852) | (10469) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Distribution to non-redeemable non-controlling interest | (150) | (628) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Capital contribution from non-redeemable non-controlling interests | 1991 |  |

---

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Proceeds from issuance of shares of Class A common stock under the ATM program, net | 58 | 170 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cash paid for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | (387) | (627) |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 34971 | 31581 |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents | 5055 | (23048) |
| Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 29228 | 47242 |
| Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents, end of period | $34283 | $24194 |

---

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information** | | |
| Interest paid, net of $2,082 and $3,093 capitalized, respectively | $20523 | $8628 |
| Tax benefit received | 36290 | 8906 |
| **Noncash investing and financing activities:** |  |  |
| Accrual for asset retirement obligation included in property, plant and equipment |  | 499 |
| Right-of-use assets arising from lease modifications |  | 1218 |
| Right-of-use assets for finance leases included in property, plant and equipment | 58 |  |
| Accrual for purchase of property, plant and equipment included in accrued and payable capital expenditures | 10014 | 24721 |

---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

------

**1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies** 

**Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation**

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of OPAL Fuels, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company", "OPAL Fuels", "we," "us" or "our") and reflect all normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations for the interim period. In addition, we have consolidated the financial results of jointly owned affiliated companies in which our principal stockholder or other entities have a noncontrolling interest. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The non-controlling interest attributable to the Company's variable interest entities ("VIE") are presented as a separate component from the Stockholders' equity (deficit) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and as a non-redeemable non-controlling interest in the condensed consolidated statements of changes in redeemable non-controlling interests, redeemable preferred non-controlling interests and stockholders' equity (deficit).

As of September 30, 2025, the Company held equity interests in twelve VIEs — Pine Bend RNG LLC ("Pine Bend"), Noble Road RNG LLC ("Noble Road"), Paragon RNG LLC ("Paragon"), Emerald RNG LLC ("Emerald") - Paragon project, Sapphire RNG LLC ("Sapphire") - Paragon project, Land2Gas LLC ("Land2Gas"), Atlantic RNG LLC ("Atlantic") - Land2Gas project, Burlington RNG LLC ("Burlington") - Land2Gas project, GREP BTB Holdings LLC ("GREP"), Sunoma Holdings, LLC ("Sunoma"), Central Valley LLC ("Central Valley"), and CMS RNG LLC ("CMS"). Pine Bend, Noble Road GREP, Paragon projects, Land2Gas projects were presented as equity method investments and the remaining three VIEs — Sunoma, Central Valley, and CMS are consolidated by the Company.

On May 9, 2025, the Company acquired a variable interest in CMS, a joint venture formed with a third party to develop, construct, own, and operate a renewable natural gas facility. The Company holds a 70% membership interest in CMS RNG, and the remaining 30% is held by the third-party partner.

Based on an evaluation under ASC 810, *Consolidation* ("ASC 810"), management determined that CMS RNG is a VIE and that the Company is the primary beneficiary. This conclusion is based on the Company's power to direct the activities that most significantly impact CMS RNG's economic performance and its exposure to the entity's residual returns. As a result, CMS RNG has been consolidated in the Company's financial statements beginning in the second quarter of 2025.

At the time of formation of CMS RNG, the Company and the third-party partner made net capital contributions of $4,646 and $1,998, respectively. A noncontrolling interest ("NCI") of $1,998 was recognized for the portion of CMS RNG not owned by the Company.

The Company will reassess its primary beneficiary conclusion on an ongoing basis, including upon execution of additional agreements and commencement of commercial operations.

The condensed consolidated balance sheets summarize the major consolidated balance sheet items for consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The information is presented on an aggregate basis based on similar risk and reward characteristics and the nature of our involvement with the VIEs, such as:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• All of the VIEs are RNG facilities and they are reported under the RNG Fuel Supply segment;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• The nature of our interest in these entities is primarily equity based and therefore carry similar risk and reward characteristics.

The 2024 year-end consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). The interim financial information and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company's latest Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the "Annual Report") as the interim disclosures generally do not repeat those in the annual financial statements and are condensed in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire fiscal year.

The Company is organized into three operating segments which are RNG Fuel, Fuel Station Services and Renewable Power.

------

All amounts in these footnotes are presented in thousands of dollars except share and per share data.

**Use of estimates**

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The significant estimates and assumptions of the Company include the residual value of the useful lives of our property, plant and equipment, the fair value of long-lived assets, the fair value of stock-based compensation, asset retirement obligations, percentage completion for revenue recognition, incremental borrowing rate for calculating the right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities, the fair value of the reporting units of goodwill and the fair value of derivative instruments. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year.

The Company provides all third-party construction contracts with a warranty, typically for a period of one year after substantial completion of the construction project. These warranties are accounted for under ASC 460, *Guarantees* ("ASC 460"), and not as a separate performance obligation. Generally, the company estimates warranty costs based on historical claims experience, and other factors. Actual warranty claims may differ from the estimates, and adjustments to the liability are made, as necessary. The Company accrued $280 and $171 of warranty reserves under accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

**Related Party Revenues**

The Company revised its disclosure of Fuel Station Services revenues from related parties included parenthetically on the face of the condensed consolidated statements of operations to include amounts that were previously excluded. The amounts are immaterial and the revision had no impact on previously reported net income, cash flows, or financial position.

**Accounting Pronouncements Adopted** 

In August 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-05, *Business Combinations- Joint Venture Formations* (Subtopic 805-60) ("ASU 2023-05"). The update requires all joint ventures formed after January 1, 2025, upon formation, to apply a new basis of accounting and initially measure its assets and liabilities at fair value. ASU 2023-05 is effective prospectively for joint ventures with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company formed a joint venture that was excluded from this guidance due to the scope exception applicable to combinations between entities, businesses, or nonprofit activities under common control. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.

**Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted**

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): *Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures*. The amendments further enhance income tax disclosures, primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The amendments require disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold and further disaggregation of income taxes paid for individually significant jurisdictions. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the disclosures and the Company believes the adoption will not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): *Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses,* which requires additional, disaggregated disclosure about certain income statement line items. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and is required to be applied prospectively with the option for retrospective application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the disclosures within our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): *Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets*. The amendments provide a practical expedient applicable to all entities for estimating expected credit losses on current accounts receivable and current contract assets that arise under ASC 606, permitting the assumption that existing conditions at the balance-sheet date will remain unchanged over the remaining life of such assets. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the disclosures within our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): *Internal-Use Software — Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software*. The amendments modernize the guidance for capitalizing costs of internally-developed software by removing references to defined development stages and instead focusing on two principal criteria: (1) management has authorized and committed to funding the project, and (2) it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the intended function. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on the disclosures within our condensed consolidated financial statements.

**Earnout Liabilities**

In connection with the Business Combination completed in July 2022 and pursuant to a sponsor letter agreement, ArcLight CTC Holdings II, L.P. agreed to subject 10% of its Class A common stock (received as a result of the conversion of its ArcLight Class B ordinary shares immediately prior to the closing) to vesting and forfeiture conditions relating to VWAP targets for the Company's Class A common stock sustained over a period of 60 months following the closing. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the number of shares subject to forfeiture was 716,650 (the "Sponsor Earnout Awards").

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 the Company recorded a gain from the Sponsor Earnout Awards of $— and $281, respectively, in its condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a gain of $278 and $1,457, respectively, in its condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a Sponsor Earnout liability of $23 and $304, respectively, as part of other long-term liabilities on its condensed consolidated balance sheets.

**Redeemable non-controlling interests**

Redeemable non-controlling interests represent the portion of the Company's consolidated subsidiary OPAL Fuels LLC, that the Company does not own. The Redeemable non-controlling interest represents 144,399,037 Class B and D Units issued by OPAL Fuels to the prior investors. The Company allocates net income or loss attributable to Redeemable non-controlling interest based on weighted average ownership interest during the period. The net income or loss attributable to Redeemable non-controlling interests is reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

At each balance sheet date, the mezzanine equity classified Redeemable non-controlling interests is adjusted up to their maximum redemption value if necessary, with an offset in Stockholders' equity (deficit). As of September 30, 2025, the maximum redemption value was $342,528.

**Parts Inventory**

Parts inventory, also referred to as supplies inventory, consists of shop spare parts inventory and construction site parts inventory. The substantial amount of inventory is identified, tracked and treated as finished goods.

**Revenues** 

***Disaggregation of Revenue***

The following table shows the disaggregation of revenue according to product line:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Electricity sales | $6456 | $7011 | $18349 | $19663 |
| Third party construction | 14202 | 10358 | 31377 | 29853 |
| Service and parts | 6926 | 6512 | 20726 | 18097 |
| Brown gas sales | 8193 | 7987 | 25172 | 19357 |
| Environmental credits <sup>(1)</sup> | 41567 | 50483 | 141431 | 128530 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other <sup>(2)</sup> | 545 | 275 | 1246 | 892 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue from contracts with customers | 77889 | 82626 | 238301 | 216392 |
| Lease revenue <sup>(3)</sup> | 5468 | 1421 | 10919 | 3557 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total revenue | $83357 | $84047 | $249220 | $219949 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(1)</sup> Includes revenues of $0 and $5,151 respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, from customers domiciled outside of United States. Includes revenues of $0 and $13,439 respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, from customers domiciled outside of United States.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(2)</sup> Includes management fee revenues earned from management of operations of equity method entities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(3)</sup> Lease revenue relates to revenue from fuel purchasing agreements and power purchase agreements where we determined that we transferred the right to control the use of the power plant to the purchaser.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the third party construction revenue was recognized over time, and the remainder was for products and services transferred at a point in time.

***Contract Balances***

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| **Accounts receivable, net** | $31113 | $32013 |
| **Contract assets:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cost and estimated earnings in excess of billings | 11171 | 8547 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Accounts receivable retainage, net | 1475 | 2528 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract assets total | 12646 | 11075 |
| **Contract liabilities:** |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings | 8378 | 9276 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Contract liabilities total | $8378 | $9276 |

---

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized revenue of $5,006 that was included in "Contract liabilities" at December 31, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $3,746 that was included in "Contract liabilities" at December 31, 2023.

***Environmental credits held for sale***

For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $4,515 and $1,443 as part of Cost of sales - Fuel Station Services in its condensed consolidated statements of operations to adjust environmental credits held for sale to lower of cost and net realizable value. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $15,055 and $8,293 as part of Cost of sales - Fuel Station Services in its condensed consolidated statements of operations to adjust environmental credits held for sale to lower of cost and net realizable value.

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***Fuel Station Services Construction Backlog***

The Company's remaining performance obligations ("Backlog") represent the unrecognized revenue value of its contract commitments. The Company's Backlog may significantly vary each reporting period based on the timing of major new contract commitments. At September 30, 2025, the Company had a Backlog of $51,484.

**Significant Customers, Vendors and Concentration of Credit Risk**

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, one customer accounted for 34% and 38%, respectively, of the revenue. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, two customers accounted for 56% and 54% of the revenue, respectively. At September 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 55% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2024, two customers accounted for 50% of accounts receivable.

As of September 30, 2025**,** one vendor accounted for 10% of the accounts payable. As of December 31, 2024, one vendor accounted for 17% of the accounts payable. Vendor concentration percentages are calculated excluding statutory obligations to government authorities.

**Investment Tax Credits**

In the first, second, and third quarters of 2025, the Company sold to third-party purchasers certain transferable Investment Tax Credits ("ITCs") that had been generated by the Company from its investments in the Renewable Natural Gas segment.

The Company elected to consider expected transfers of the credits in assessing their realizability as part of the valuation allowance analysis and recognize changes in the estimated proceeds as an adjustment to its valuation allowance. The Company accounted for the ITC sale in accordance with ASC 740, *Income Taxes* ("ASC 740"), by electing the flow-through method to recognize the ITC benefit when it arises.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company received net proceeds from the sale of tax credits totaling $14,567 and $36,290, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company received net proceeds from the sale of tax credits totaling $8,906. These amounts were received in cash and recorded as income tax benefit. The cash flows related to the total income tax benefits are presented in the statement of cash flow in the 'Net income' line item within operating activities. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred legal and insurance fees associated with the transactions totaling $1,873 and $4,510, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company incurred legal and insurance fees associated with the transactions totaling $1,182. These amounts represent buyer's expenses paid by the Company and are recorded as part of the income tax benefit. The transaction costs are deductible for income tax purposes.

**2. Investment in Other Entities**

The following table shows the movement in Investment in Other Entities:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | Pine Bend | Noble Road | GREP | Land2Gas | Paragon | Total |
| Percentage of ownership | 50% | 50% | 20% | 50% | 50% |  |
| Balance at December 31, 2024 | $19536 | $21097 | $1760 | $16384 | $164817 | $223594 |
| Income (loss) from equity method investments | 2354 | 2892 | (660) | (1411) | 3859 | 7034 |
| Contribution by the Company |  |  |  | 15300 |  | 15300 |
| Distributions from return on investment in equity method investment <sup>(1)</sup> | (1625) | (2575) |  |  | (3859) | (8059) |
| Distributions from return of investment in equity method investment <sup>(2)</sup> |  |  |  |  | (6236) | (6236) |
| Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  |  |  | (287) | (287) |
| Amortization of basis difference <sup>(3)</sup> | (118) | (444) |  |  | (4595) | (5157) |
| Capitalized interest |  |  |  | 1356 |  | 1356 |
| Balance at September 30, 2025 | $20147 | $20970 | $1100 | $31629 | $153699 | $227545 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Recorded as part of cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

<sup>(2)</sup> Recorded as part of cash flows from investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

<sup>(3)</sup> Reflected in income from equity method investments in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The following table summarizes the statement of operations information for equity method investments and the Company's portion of net income from equity method investments:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Revenue | $26570 | $26123 | $80844 | $77097 |
| Gross profit | 6785 | 10799 | 21167 | 31812 |
| Net income | 2508 | 7182 | 8791 | 26579 |
| Net income from equity method investments<sup>(1)</sup> | $637 | $3822 | $1877 | $11828 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Net income from equity method investments represents the Company's portion of the net income from equity method investments including amortization of any basis differences.

A summary of financial information for our portion of the assets and liabilities in equity method investees in the aggregate is as follows:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** |
| Current assets | $8662 | $10554 |
| Noncurrent assets | 136295 | 121934 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total assets | 144957 | 132488 |
| Current liabilities | 11121 | 15993 |
| Noncurrent liabilities | 33991 | 24612 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total liabilities | $45112 | $40605 |

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**3. Borrowings**

The following table summarizes the borrowings under the various debt facilities as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| OPAL Term Loan and Revolving Loan | $331618 | $286617 |
| Less: unamortized debt issuance costs | (8945) | (9122) |
| Less: current portion | (9349) | (10865) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OPAL Term Loan and Revolving Loan, net of debt issuance costs | 313324 | 266630 |
| Sunoma Loan | 19539 | 20846 |
| Less: unamortized debt issuance costs | (607) | (717) |
| Less: current portion | (1861) | (1756) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sunoma Loan, net of debt issuance costs | 17071 | 18373 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Non-current borrowings total | $330395 | $285003 |

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As of September 30, 2025, principal maturities of debt are expected as follows, excluding any undrawn debt facilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **OPAL Term Loan** | **Sunoma Loan** | **Total** |
| Fiscal year: |  |  |  |
| Three months ending December 31, 2025 | $— | $449 | $449 |
| 2026 | 12465 | 1898 | 14363 |
| 2027 | 12465 | 2051 | 14516 |
| 2028 | 306688 | 2213 | 308901 |
| 2029 |  | 2395 | 2395 |
| 2030 |  | 2589 | 2589 |
| Thereafter |  | 7944 | 7944 |
|  | $331618 | $19539 | $351157 |

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**Amended OPAL Term Loan and Revolving Loan**

On March 3, 2025, OPAL Fuels Intermediate HoldCo LLC, as the borrower (the "Borrower"), certain subsidiaries of the Borrower, as guarantors (the "Guarantors"), the lenders and issuers of letters of credit party thereto and Bank of America, N.A. as the administrative agent (the "Administrative Agent") entered into that certain Amendment No. 1 to Credit and Guarantee Agreement (the "Credit Agreement Amendment"), with respect to that certain Credit and Guarantee Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") dated September 1, 2023, by and among the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the financial institutions from time to time parties thereto as lenders and as issuers of letters of credit, and the other agents and persons from time to time party thereto (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time).

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The Credit Agreement Amendment makes certain changes to the applicability of certain financial covenants and modifies other covenants to clarify the use of loan proceeds. Additionally, the Credit Agreement Amendment permits the organizational restructuring of the Guarantors in a manner designed to facilitate the sale of federal investment tax credits and the ability to raise additional future capital.

The Credit Agreement Amendment also eases the conditions precedent to making new Projects eligible for borrowing under the Credit Agreement, extends the availability period for delay draw term loans under the Credit Agreement through March 5, 2026, and extends the commencement of repayment of such term loans until March 31, 2026. The Amendment was accounted for as a modification in the nine month period ended September 30, 2025.

In connection with the Credit Agreement Amendment, the Borrower paid the Administrative Agent, for the account of each lender, a one-time nonrefundable fee of $1,250. These costs have been recorded as a direct reduction against the debt and amortized over the life of the associated debt as a component of interest expense using the effective interest method.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company borrowed $40,000 under its term loan, drew $20,000 from its revolving loan and repaid $15,000 on its revolving loan. As of September 30, 2025, the Company utilized $34,517 of availability under the revolver loan to provide for the issuance of letters of credit to support the operations of the Borrower and the Guarantors.

The Company has the ability, during the delayed draw availability period and subject to the satisfaction of certain credit and project-related conditions precedent, to join other newly acquired subsidiaries with comparable renewable projects in development under the credit facility for comparable funding. As of September 30, 2025, the Company is in compliance with the financial covenants under the OPAL Term Loan. The amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement are secured by the assets of the indirect subsidiaries of OPAL Intermediate Holdco.

**Sunoma Loan**

On August 27, 2020, Sunoma, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a debt agreement (the "Sunoma Loan Agreement") with Live Oak Banking Company for an aggregate principal amount of $20,000 that was increased to $23,000 in 2022. As of September 30, 2025, Sunoma is in compliance with the financial covenants under the Sunoma Loan Agreement.

The Company also utilized $968 for the issuance of letters of credit to support the operations of the Borrower. The amounts outstanding under the Sunoma Loan are secured by the assets of Sunoma.

*2025* 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the weighted average effective interest rate including amortization of debt issuance costs on OPAL Term Loan was 8.8% and 8.5% respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the interest rate on the Sunoma Loan was 8.7%.

 *2024*

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the weighted average effective interest rate on OPAL Term Loan including amortization of debt issuance costs was 9.2% and 8.7%, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the interest rate on the Sunoma loan was 8.1% and 8.2%, respectively.

The following table summarizes the Company's total interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Sunoma Loan | $420 | $429 | $1228 | $1330 |
| OPAL Term Loan <sup>(1)</sup> | 5568 | 4023 | 15879 | 10341 |
| Commitment fees and other finance fees | 449 | 667 | 1405 | 2141 |
| Amortization of deferred financing cost | 722 | 191 | 1524 | 1310 |
| Interest expense on finance leases | 25 | 144 | 235 | 432 |
| Interest income | (286) | (428) | (941) | (1578) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Total interest and financing expense | $6898 | $5026 | $19330 | $13976 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Excludes $841 and $1,019 of interest capitalized and recorded as part of Property, Plant and Equipment for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Excludes $2,082 and $3,093 of interest capitalized and recorded as part of Property, Plant and Equipment for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

**4. Leases**

***Lessor contracts***

*Fuel provider agreements*

Fuel provider agreements ("FPAs") are for the sale of brown gas, service and maintenance of sites. The Company is contracted to design and build a Fueling Station on the customer's property in exchange for the Company providing CNG/RNG to the customer for a determined number of years. We have determined that the FPAs contain a lease component for the use of the Fueling Station in addition to the non-lease components related to providing CNG/RNG as well as providing all-inclusive maintenance and warranty services.

*Power purchase agreements* 

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| FPAs <sup>(1)</sup> | $5240 | $1154 | $10044 | $2861 |
| PPAs <sup>(2)</sup> | $228 | $267 | $875 | $696 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Included in Fuel Station Service revenues

<sup>(2)</sup> Included in Renewable Power revenues

***Lessee contracts***

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company derecognized the right-of-use (ROU) asset and corresponding lease liability associated with a site lease following a formal release from all future lease obligations by the vendor under the current agreement. The ROU asset had a carrying value of approximately $5,397 at the time of termination. The derecognition resulted in $600 gain recognized in other income.

**5. Derivative Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements**

***Interest rate swaps***

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The Company records the fair value of the interest rate swap as an asset or liability on its balance sheet. This instrument is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The effective portion of the swap is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The Company expects to release $84 from the other comprehensive income in the next twelve months.

The location and amounts of interest rate swaps and their fair values in the condensed consolidated balance sheets are:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30,<br>2025** | **December 31,<br>2024** | **Location of Fair Value Recognized in Balance Sheet** |
| **Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:** | | | |
| Short term portion of the interest rate swaps | $84 | $238 | Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
| Long term portion of the interest rate swaps |  | 448 | Other long-term assets |
| Long term portion of the interest rate swaps | (95) |  | Other long-term liabilities |
|  | $(11) | $686 |  |

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The effect of interest rate swaps on the condensed consolidated statement of operations were as follows:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Location of Gain in Operations from Derivatives** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** | **Location of Gain in Operations from Derivatives** |
| Gain on net periodic settlements | $72 | $— | $217 | $— | Interest and financing expense, net |

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***Commodity swap contracts***

In February 2025, the Company entered into a power purchase and sale agreement with NextEra Energy Marketing, LLC (together with its affiliates, "NextEra") for sale of electricity over the period from March through December 2025, with a fixed contract price. The forward contract is expected to be settled by physical delivery of electricity on a monthly basis. The Company elected the normal purchase normal sale exclusion and will not apply fair value accounting under ASC 815, *Derivatives and Hedging,* ("ASC 815").

Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company entered into multiple ISDA agreements with JPMorgan Chase, Merrill Lynch, and Investec Bank for pay-variable, receive-fixed, cash-settled natural gas commodity swaps. The Company applied fair value accounting under ASC 815 for these transactions.

The following table summarizes the effect of commodity swaps accounted for as derivatives under ASC 815 on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| **Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:** | **Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized** | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Commodity swaps - realized gain (loss) | Revenues - Renewable Power | $8 | $200 | $(52) | $609 |
| Commodity swaps - unrealized gain (loss) | Revenues - Renewable Power | 12 | (170) |  | (494) |
| Commodity swaps - realized gain | Revenues - RNG Fuel | 1029 |  | 1900 |  |
| Commodity swaps - unrealized gain | Revenues - RNG Fuel | 313 |  | 920 |  |
| Total realized and unrealized gain |  | $1362 | $30 | $2768 | $115 |

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The following table summarizes the derivative assets and liabilities related to commodity swaps as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Fair Value** | **Fair Value** | |
| | **September 30, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |<br>**Location of Fair Value Recognized in Balance Sheet** |
| Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |
| Current portion of unrealized gain on commodity swaps | $920 | $— | Prepaid expense and other current assets |
| Current portion of unrealized loss on commodity swaps | (72) | (9) | Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
| Non - current portion of unrealized loss on commodity swaps |  | (63) | Other long-term liabilities |
| Total commodity swaps - unrealized gain (loss) | $848 | $(72) |  |

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***Other derivative liabilities***

On July 21, 2022, the Company recorded a derivative liability for the Sponsor Earnout Awards and the OPAL Earnout Awards. The OPAL Earnout Awards expired in December 2024. The change in fair value on Sponsor Earnout and OPAL Earnout Awards is recorded as change in fair value of derivative instruments, net in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

The following table summarizes the effect of change in fair value of other derivative liabilities on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Derivative liability** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Location of Gain in Operations from Derivatives** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |  |
| Sponsor Earnout Awards gain | $— | $278 | 281 | 1457 |  |
|  | $— | $278 | $281 | $1457 | Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net |

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***Fair value measurements***

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates fair value due to their short-term maturities.

The carrying value of the Company's long-term debt, classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy, approximates its fair value as of as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, because the interest rates are variable and therefore reflect current market conditions.

The Company accounts for asset retirement obligations by recording the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred and when a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The Company estimated the fair value of its asset retirement obligations based on discount rates ranging from 5.8% to 8.5%.

The fair value of the Sponsor Earnout Awards as of September 30, 2025 was determined using a Black-Scholes valuation model with a distribution of potential outcomes on a daily basis over the 2.0 years remaining in the vesting window. Assumptions used in the valuation are as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Current stock price — The Company's closing stock price of $2.20 as of September 30, 2025;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Expected volatility —50% based on historical and implied volatilities of selected industry peers deemed to be comparable to our business corresponding to the expected term of the awards;

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Risk-free interest rate — 3.6% based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of issuance for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities corresponding to the expected 1.8 year term of the earnout period;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Dividend yield - zero.

**Convertible note receivable** 

In July 2024, the Company purchased a convertible note pursuant to which the Company has the right to convert the note into shares of Class A common stock of the investee for $750. In the third quarter of 2025, the investee underwent an exit event, resulting in the note settlement. The Company received $1,377 in cash proceeds, with an additional $198 remaining in escrow recorded under prepaid expense and other current assets.

There were no transfers of assets between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2025.

The Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, set forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Fair value as of September 30, 2025** | **Fair value as of September 30, 2025** | **Fair value as of September 30, 2025** | **Fair value as of September 30, 2025** |
| | **Level 1** | **Level 2** | **Level 3** | **Total** |
| Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Earnout liabilities | $— | $— | $23 | $23 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest rate swap contracts |  | 95 |  | 95 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commodity swap contracts |  | 72 |  | 72 |
| Assets: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - current and non-current <sup>(1)</sup> | 34283 |  |  | 34283 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest rate swap contracts |  | 84 |  | 84 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commodity swap contracts |  | 920 |  | 920 |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Fair value as of December 31, 2024** | **Fair value as of December 31, 2024** | **Fair value as of December 31, 2024** | **Fair value as of December 31, 2024** |
| | **Level 1** | **Level 2** | **Level 3** | **Total** |
| Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Earnout liabilities | $— | $— | $304 | $304 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Commodity swap contracts |  | 72 |  | 72 |
| Assets: |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash - current and non-current <sup>(1)</sup> | 29228 |  |  | 29228 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest rate swap contracts |  | 686 |  | 686 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Convertible note receivable |  |  | 760 | 760 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Includes balances in money market accounts of $26,213 and $19,786, respectively as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

**6. Related Parties**

Related parties are represented by Fortistar and other affiliates, subsidiaries, entities under common control with Fortistar or NextEra, and equity method investments.

*Purchase and sale agreement for environmental attributes*

------

In January 2025, the EPA implemented a new framework in which (1) RNG producers are eligible to claim a "K-1" RINs on their volumes of RNG produced, and (2) dispensers are eligible to claim "K-2" RINs on natural gas volumes dispensed as truck fuel, provided they also have a corresponding K-1 RIN to demonstrate the renewable sourcing of gas. The creation of distinct "K-1" and "K-2" RINs creates flexibility for RNG producers to generate and sell K-1 RINs to dispensers independent of the K-2 registration process or dispensing activities. K-1 RINs are only useful for the purpose of registering a K-2 RIN, and K-2 RINs are used to record the environmental offset (similar to a traditional RIN). The introduction of K-1 and K-2 RINs gives rise to a new form of commercial transaction for Opal that is distinct from previous RIN minting arrangements.

On March 26, 2025, the Company entered into a NAESB Base Contract with NextEra (together with certain special conditions, a letter agreement, and an RNG addendum, the "NAESB Contract"). In accordance with the NAESB Contract, the Company could enter into transaction confirmations on a periodic basis for the sale of RNG generated by the RNG Fuels business and NextEra could elect to utilize the Company to market such RNG to generate RINs for NextEra. In March, June and September 2025, the Company and NextEra entered into such transaction confirmations.

The Company concluded that production and dispensing services represent separate performance obligations. Control over K-1 RINs transfers at the time of gas generation or upon delivery of the RINs. Revenue is recognized at the time control is transferred. The consideration associated with dispensing services is recognized into revenue by the Company when it satisfies its performance obligation by pairing the paperwork associated with the dispensing.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recognized revenues of $4,982 and $15,585, respectively, under the NAESB contract, which were recorded as part of Revenues - RNG Fuel.

*Service agreements with related parties*

On March 17, 2025, Fortistar, through its subsidiary Wasatch RNG LLC ("Wasatch RNG"), acquired all of the limited liability company interests outstanding in Alpro SD, LLC ("Alpro" and such acquired interest, the "Alpro Interest"). Alpro owns a 50% limited liability company interest in Wasatch Resource Recovery, LLC (the "Project" or "Wasatch" and such ownership interest, the "Wasatch Interest") and a 50% tenancy-in-common interest in certain real estate and operating assets used by Wasatch (the "Project Interest"). The Project captures and converts biogas generated from food waste to produce pipeline quality RNG. The Project generates revenue from long-term contracted gas sales, tipping fees, and digestate (fertilizer) sales.

In connection with the acquisition, Fortistar Services 2 LLC and OPAL Fuels LLC entered into an amendment to its existing Administrative Services Agreement, pursuant to which OPAL Fuels will provide certain services to Wasatch RNG in exchange for certain agreed upon fees and expense reimbursements. These services include oversight of the plan to improve the operations and productivity of the Project. Either party may, at its sole election and on ninety (90) days advance written notice, terminate Company's provision of services to Wasatch, at which time the Management Fee and the Wasatch Remediation Fee shall also terminate.

Additionally, Wasatch RNG and OPAL Fuels entered into an Option Agreement, pursuant to which Wasatch RNG granted an option to OPAL Fuels to purchase the Alpro Interest. The exercise period of the option commenced upon closing of the acquisition and will terminate on the third anniversary of the closing of the acquisition, or ninety (90) days following a change of control of OPAL Fuels. The exercise price of the option would be determined such that Wasatch RNG would earn an internal rate of return on its invested capital of 10% percent per year if the option is exercised in the first year, 15% per year if exercised in the second year, and 20% per year if exercised in the third year.

Wasatch RNG is determined to be a VIE due to their having insufficient equity investment at risk to finance their activities without additional subordinated financial support, and due to the fact that the holder of equity at risk in Wasatch RNG lacks the right to fully receive the expected residual returns. However, we are not the primary beneficiary of this VIE because we do not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance. Accordingly, we do not consolidate the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of Wasatch RNG in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

During the first quarter of 2025, Scott Contino, CFO of Fortistar, served as Interim CFO of the Company. Pursuant to the Interim Services Agreement, the Company paid Fortistar an agreed hourly rate, such that the monthly fee did not exceed $50, on a cumulative basis.

------

The following table summarizes revenues recorded from related parties:

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** | **Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025** |
| | **RNG fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** | **RNG fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** |
| Environmental Attributes <sup>(1)</sup> | $17825 | $9198 | $— | $55658 | $34653 | $— |
| Commodity swaps <sup>(2)</sup>  |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 4676 |
| Environmental processing <sup>(3)</sup> |  | 2294 |  |  | 6268 |  |
| Service agreements <sup>(4)</sup> | 125 |  |  | 271 |  |  |
| Total | $17950 | $11492 | $2022 | $55929 | $40921 | $4676 |

---

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Three Months Ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine months ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine months ended September 30, 2024** | **Nine months ended September 30, 2024** |
| | **RNG fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** | **RNG fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** |
| Environmental Attributes <sup>(1)</sup> | $22798 | $10616 | $— | $54174 | $27885 | $— |
| Commodity swaps <sup>(2)</sup>  |  |  | 1799 |  |  | 5129 |
| Environmental processing <sup>(3)</sup> |  | 1910 |  |  | 6349 |  |
| Total | $22798 | $12526 | $1799 | $54174 | $34234 | $5129 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(1)</sup> Represents RIN and LCFS sales to NextEra.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(2)</sup> Represents revenue earned under ISDA and REC sales agreements with NextEra.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(3)</sup> Represents environmental processing fees earned under agreements with equity method investments, related to the generation and marketing of RINs and LCFS.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(4)</sup> Represents management fees earned under an agreement with Fortistar.

The following table summarizes the various fees recorded under the service agreements with related parties which are included in "Selling, general, and administrative" expenses:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Staffing and management services | $447 | $535 | $1557 | $1531 |
| Rent - fixed compensation | 187 | 181 | 535 | 524 |
| IT services | 692 | 814 | 2723 | 2318 |
| Total | $1326 | $1530 | $4815 | $4373 |

---

The following table presents the various balances for related parties included in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

------

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Location in Balance Sheet** | **September 30<br>2025** | **December 31<br>2024** |
| Assets: |  |  |  |
| Trade AR - NextEra | Accounts receivable, related party | $21645 | $14522 |
| Receivables from equity method investment entities | Accounts receivable, related party | 46 |  |
| Total receivables - related party |  | 21691 | 14522 |
| Liabilities: |  |  |  |
| Payables to equity method investment entities | Accounts payable, related party | 6860 | 6946 |
| NextEra | Accounts payable, related party | 500 | 501 |
| Fortistar and Costar <sup>(1)</sup> | Accounts payable, related party | 65 | 485 |
| Total liabilities - related party |  | $7425 | $7932 |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Includes staffing, management and IT services.

*Class D Common Stock Conversion*

On April 23, 2025, our ultimate controlling shareholder, Fortistar, through its subsidiary OPAL Holdco LLC, exchanged 50 million shares of Class D common stock of the Company held by it, each of which is entitled to five votes per share on all matters on which stockholders generally are entitled to vote, for an equal number of shares of newly issued Class B common stock of the Company, each of which is entitled to one vote on such matters. This transaction had no effect on the economic interest in the Company held by Fortistar.

**7. Reportable Segments and Geographic Information**

The Company is organized into three operating segments based on the characteristics of its renewable power generation, dispensing portfolio, production and sale of renewable gas, and nature of other products and services.

Our reportable segments disclosure is aligned with the information and internal reporting provided to our CODM. Our Co-CEOs, Adam Comora and Jonathan Maurer, jointly fulfill the role of the CODM. The CODM evaluates performance based on segment net income (loss). For all of the segments, the CODM uses segment net income (loss) in the annual budgeting and monthly forecasting process. The CODM considers budget-to-current forecast and prior forecast-to-current forecast variances for segment net income (loss) on a monthly basis for evaluating performance of each segment and making decisions about allocating capital and other resources to each segment.

The three operating segments are RNG Fuel, Fuel Station Services and Renewable Power. The Company has determined that each of the three operating segments meets the characteristics of a reportable segment under U.S. GAAP.

The Corporate entity is not determined to be an operating segment but is discretely disclosed for purposes of reconciliation of the Company's consolidated financial statements, and though not denoted as an operating segment, significant expenses are noted within the segment.

The following table reflects the financial data used to calculate each reportable segment's net income (loss) and includes reconciliations to Opal's consolidated revenue and consolidated net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025:

------

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| ***Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025*** | **RNG Fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** | **Total Segments** | **Corporate** | **Consolidated** |
| Revenue from external customers | $75650 | $149426 | $24144 | $249220 | $— | $249220 |
| Intersegment revenues | 415 | 14679 |  | 15094 |  | 15094 |
| *Reconciliation of Revenue* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Elimination of intersegment revenues | (415) | (14679) |  | (15094) |  | (15094) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total revenues** | 75650 | 149426 | 24144 | 249220 |  | 249220 |
| *Less:* <sup>(1)</sup> |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales and other operating costs | 35341 | 118683 | 19578 | 173602 | 41465 | 215067 |
| Income from equity method investments | (1877) |  |  | (1877) |  | (1877) |
| Interest and financing expense, net | 19333 | 45 | (48) | 19330 |  | 19330 |
| Project development and startup costs | 12101 |  |  | 12101 |  | 12101 |
| Other income |  |  | (64) | (64) | (815) | (879) |
| Depreciation, amortization, and accretion | 8985 | 4924 | 2863 | 16772 |  | 16772 |
| Other segment items <sup>(2)</sup> | (214) | (1076) |  | (1290) | 6057 | 4767 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Segment income (loss)** | 1981 | 26850 | 1815 | 30646 | (46707) | (16061) |
| *Reconciliation of profit or loss (segment income / (loss))* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  | 36290 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net income** |  |  |  |  |  | $20229 |

---

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| ***Three Months Ended September 30, 2025*** | **RNG Fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** | **Total Segments** | **Corporate** | **Consolidated** |
| Revenue from external customers | $22921 | $51722 | $8714 | $83357 | $— | $83357 |
| Intersegment revenues | 139 | 5394 |  | 5533 |  | 5533 |
| *Reconciliation of Revenue* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Elimination of intersegment revenues | (139) | (5394) |  | (5533) |  | (5533) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total revenues** | 22921 | 51722 | 8714 | 83357 |  | 83357 |
| *Less:* <sup>(1)</sup> |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales and other operating costs | 11774 | 40230 | 5917 | 57921 | 11858 | 69779 |
| Income from equity method investments | (637) |  |  | (637) |  | (637) |
| Interest and financing expense, net | 6929 | (11) | (20) | 6898 |  | 6898 |
| Project development and startup costs | 2543 |  |  | 2543 |  | 2543 |
| Depreciation, amortization, and accretion | 3031 | 1573 | 962 | 5566 |  | 5566 |
| Other segment items <sup>(2)</sup> | (27) | 81 | 1 | 55 | 2334 | 2389 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Segment (loss) income** | (692) | 9849 | 1854 | 11011 | (14192) | (3181) |
| *Reconciliation of profit or loss (segment income / (loss))* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  | 14567 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net income** |  |  |  |  |  | $11386 |

---

------

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(1)</sup> The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. Intersegment expenses are included within the amounts shown.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(2)</sup> Other segment items for each reportable segment includes:

• Fuel Station Services - gain on RNG dispensing, and gain on asset disposal

• Corporate - information technology expense, legal and professional advisor fees, and other overhead expenses

Geographic Information: The Company's assets and revenue generating activities are domiciled in the United States.

The following table reflects certain other financial data for the reportable segments as of September 30, 2025:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **RNG Fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** | **Total Segments** | **Corporate** | **Consolidated** |
| *Other segment disclosures* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment in other entities | $227545 | $— | $— | $227545 | $— | $227545 |
| Segment assets | 660922 | 184555 | 30658 | 876135 | 40614 | $916749 |

---

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company made the following cash payments for capital expenditures:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **RNG Fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** | **Total Segments** | **Corporate** | **Consolidated** |
| Cash paid for purchases of property, plant and equipment | $44259 | $16140 | $491 | $60890 | $– $| 60890 |

---

The following table reflects the financial data used to calculate each reportable segment's net income (loss) and includes reconciliations to Opal's consolidated revenue and consolidated net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024:

------

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| ***Nine months ended September 30, 2024*** | **RNG Fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** | **Total Segments** | **Corporate** | **Consolidated** |
| Revenue from external customers | $63036 | $121794 | $35119 | $219949 | $— | $219949 |
| Intersegment revenues | 388 | 15059 |  | 15447 |  | 15447 |
|  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
| *Reconciliation of Revenue* |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
| Elimination of intersegment revenues | (388) | (15059) |  | (15447) |  | (15447) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total revenues** | 63036 | 121794 | 35119 | 219949 |  | 219949 |
| *Less:* <sup>(1)</sup> |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales and other operating costs | 26644 | 94882 | 25931 | 147457 | 34028 | 181485 |
| Income from equity method investments | (11828) |  |  | (11828) |  | (11828) |
| Interest and financing expense, net | 13969 | 119 | (112) | 13976 |  | 13976 |
| Project development and startup costs | 10523 |  |  | 10523 |  | 10523 |
| Other income |  |  | (349) | (349) | (11) | (360) |
| Depreciation, amortization, and accretion | 5482 | 4183 | 3012 | 12677 |  | 12677 |
| Other segment items <sup>(2)</sup> | (627) | (443) | 27 | (1043) | 3733 | 2690 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Segment income (loss)** | 18873 | 23053 | 6610 | 48536 | (37750) | 10786 |
| *Reconciliation of profit or loss (segment income / (loss))* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  | 8906 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net income** |  |  |  |  |  | $19692 |

---

------

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| ***Three Months Ended September 30, 2024*** | **RNG Fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** | **Total Segments** | **Corporate** | **Consolidated** |
| Revenue from external customers | $25864 | $45395 | $12788 | $84047 | $— | $84047 |
| Intersegment revenues | 129 | 4520 |  | 4649 |  | 4649 |
| *Reconciliation of Revenue* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Elimination of intersegment revenues | (129) | (4520) |  | (4649) |  | (4649) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Total revenues** | 25864 | 45395 | 12788 | 84047 |  | 84047 |
| *Less:* <sup>(1)</sup> |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales and other operating costs | 9985 | 33609 | 7774 | 51368 | 10715 | 62083 |
| Income from equity method investments | (3822) |  |  | (3822) |  | (3822) |
| Interest and financing expense, net | 4958 | 95 | (27) | 5026 |  | 5026 |
| Project development and startup costs | 6803 |  |  | 6803 |  | 6803 |
| Other income |  |  | (349) | (349) | (11) | (360) |
| Depreciation, amortization, and accretion | 2124 | 1574 | 999 | 4697 |  | 4697 |
| Other segment items <sup>(2)</sup> | (300) | (145) | (2) | (447) | 1866 | 1419 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Segment income (loss)** | 6116 | 10262 | 4393 | 20771 | (12570) | 8201 |
| *Reconciliation of profit or loss (segment income / (loss))* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  | 8906 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Net income** |  |  |  |  |  | $17107 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(1)</sup> The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker. Intersegment expenses are included within the amounts shown.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(2)</sup> Other segment items for each reportable segment includes:

• Fuel Station Services - gain on recognition of RINs

• Corporate - gain on mark-to-market for OPAL and Sponsor Earnout Awards, loss on extinguishment of debt, insurance other overhead expenses

Geographic Information: The Company's assets and revenue generating activities are domiciled in the United States.

The following table reflects certain other financial data for the reportable segments as of December 31, 2024:

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **RNG Fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** | **Total Segments** | **Corporate** | **Consolidated** |
| *Other segment disclosures* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment in other entities | $223594 | $— | $— | $223594 | $— | $223594 |
| Segment assets | 635927 | 179304 | 30517 | $845748 | $35329 | $881077 |

---

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company made the following cash payments for capital expenditures:

------

---

| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **RNG Fuel** | **Fuel Station Services** | **Renewable Power** | **Total Segments** | **Corporate** | **Consolidated** |
| Cash paid for purchases of property, plant and equipment | $56195 | $16610 | $– $| 72805 | $– $| 72805 |

---

The tables below outline the revenue from our major customer, along with respective percentages of revenue by each segment.

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
|<br>**Customer A** | **Revenue** | **Percentage of total revenue** | **Revenue** | **Percentage of total revenue** |
| RNG Fuel | $55658 | 22% | $54174 | 25% |
| Fuel Station Services | 34653 | 14% | 27885 | 13% |
| Renewable Power | 4676 | 2% | 5129 | 2% |
| Total | $94987 | 38% | $87188 | 40% |

---

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2025** | **2024** | **2024** |
|<br>**Customer A** | **Revenue** | **Percentage of total revenue** | **Revenue** | **Percentage of total revenue** |
| RNG Fuel | $17825 | 21% | $22798 | 27% |
| Fuel Station Services | 9198 | 11% | 10616 | 13% |
| Renewable Power | 2022 | 2% | 1799 | 2% |
| Total | $29045 | 34% | $35213 | 42% |

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Customer B was below 10% of the consolidated revenues in three and nine months ended September 30, 2025:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
| | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** | **2024** |
|<br>**Customer B** | **Revenue** | **Percentage of total revenue** | **Revenue** | **Percentage of total revenue** |
| Fuel Station Services | 11503 | 14% | 31880 | 14% |

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**8. Redeemable non-controlling interests, Redeemable preferred non-controlling interests and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)**

***Common stock***

*Share conversion*

On April 23, 2025, our ultimate controlling shareholder, Fortistar, through its subsidiary OPAL Holdco LLC, exchanged 50 million shares of Class D common stock of the Company held by it, each of which is entitled to five votes per share on all matters on which stockholders generally are entitled to vote, for an equal number of shares of newly issued Class B common stock of the Company, each of which is entitled to one vote on such matters. This transaction had no effect on the economic interest in the Company held by Fortistar.

As of September 30, 2025, there are (i) 30,631,960 shares of Class A common stock issued and 28,996,177 outstanding, (ii) 121,500,000 shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding (shares of Class B common stock do not have any economic value except voting rights as described below), (iii) no shares of Class C common stock issued and

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outstanding and (iv) 22,899,037 shares of Class D common stock (shares of Class D common stock do not have any economic value except voting rights as described below).

*ATM Program*

On November 17, 2023, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the "Sales Agreement") with B. Riley Securities, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. and Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated (each, an "Agent," and collectively, the "Agents") pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell shares of its Class A common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75 million from time to time through the Agents.

The Company will pay each Agent, upon the sale by such Agent of Class A common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement, an amount equal to up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds of each such sale of Class A common stock. The Company has also provided the Agents with customary indemnification rights.

The Company issued 17,104 shares of Class A common stock under the ATM Program during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 at a price of $3.52 and received net proceeds of $58.

The Company issued 36,353 shares of Class A common stock under the ATM Program during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 at prices ranging between $4.34 and $5.68 and received net proceeds of $170.

***Redeemable preferred non-controlling interests***

The following table summarizes the changes in the redeemable preferred non-controlling interests which represent Series A and Series A-1 preferred units outstanding at OPAL Fuels LLC (a consolidated subsidiary of the Company) from December 31, 2024 to September 30, 2025:

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| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Series A-1 preferred units** | **Series A-1 preferred units** | **Series A preferred units** | **Series A preferred units** | |
| | **Units** | **Amount** | **Units** | **Amount** |<br>**Total** |
| **Balance, December 31, 2024** | 300000 | $30000 | 1000000 | $100000 | $130000 |
| Preferred dividends attributable to Redeemable non-controlling interest |  | 1509 |  | 5029 | 6538 |
| Preferred dividends attributable to Class A common stockholders |  | 303 |  | 1010 | 1313 |
| Payment of preferred dividends |  | (1812) |  | (6039) | (7851) |
| **Balance, September 30, 2025** | 300000 | $30000 | 1000000 | $100000 | $130000 |

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***Redeemable non-controlling interests***

At each balance sheet date, the Redeemable non-controlling interests are adjusted up to their redemption value if necessary, with an offset in stockholders' deficit. As of September 30, 2025, the Company recorded $342,528 as the redemption value based on a five-day VWAP of $2.37 per share.

**9. Net Income Per Share**

The following table summarizes the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net income attributable to Class A common stockholders | $1450 | $2362 | $2015 | $1893 |
| Weighted average number of shares of Class A common stock - basic | 28279527 | 27709203 | 28090014 | 27585620 |
| Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units | 1313295 | 34214 | 923691 | 58544 |
| Weighted average number of shares of Class A common stock - diluted | 29592822 | 27743417 | 29013705 | 27644164 |
| Net income per share of Class A common stock |  |  |  |  |
| Basic | $0.05 | $0.09 | $0.07 | $0.07 |
| Diluted | $0.05 | $0.09 | $0.07 | $0.07 |

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The basic income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 does not include 1,635,783 shares in treasury and 716,650 shares that are issued and outstanding but are contingent on achieving earnout targets.

The following table presents the forms of antidilutive potential common shares:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Stock options | 483502 | 507121 | 483502 | 507121 |
| Unvested PSUs | 1954966 | 2918668 | 1954966 | 2918668 |
| Unvested RSUs | 1068958 | 1558615 | 1068958 | 1564331 |
| OPAL Fuels Class B units | 144399037 | 144399037 | 144399037 | 144399037 |

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**10. Income taxes**

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded $14,567 and $36,290 income tax benefit, respectively, as a result of the sale to a third-party purchaser of certain transferable Investment Tax Credits that had been generated by the Company from its investments in the RNG segment. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded $8,906 income tax benefit. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was 0%. The difference between the Company's effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% was primarily due to a full valuation allowance recorded on the Company's net U.S. deferred tax assets. The Company evaluates the realizability of the deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis and establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset may not be realized.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was signed into law in the U.S. The OBBBA does not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

**11. Stock-based compensation** 

The stock-based compensation expense for the above stock awards under the 2022 Plan as well as Parent Equity Awards is included in the selling, general and administrative expenses:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Three months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** | **Nine months ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| 2022 Plan | $902 | $1457 | $4729 | $4043 |
| Parent Equity Awards |  |  | 129 | 269 |
| Total | $902 | $1457 | $4858 | $4312 |

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**12. Commitments and Contingencies** 

**Letters of Credit**

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company was required to maintain standby letters of credit totaling $15,485 and $15,120, respectively, to support obligations of certain Company's subsidiaries. These letters of credit were issued in favor of a lender, utilities, a governmental agency, and an independent system operator under PPA electrical interconnection agreements, and in place of a debt service reserve. There have been no draws to date on these letters of credit.

**Lease commitments**

The table below provides the total amount of lease payments on an undiscounted basis on our lease contracts as of September 30, 2025:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Site leases** | **Office leases** | **Vehicle and Equipment leases** | **Total** |
| Three months ending December 31, 2025 | $261 | $141 | $403 | $805 |
| 2026 | 1044 | 47 | 1529 | 2620 |
| 2027 | 1094 |  | 1035 | 2129 |
| 2028 | 1129 |  | 347 | 1476 |
| 2029 | 1129 |  |  | 1129 |
| 2030 | 1129 |  |  | 1129 |
| Thereafter | 18267 |  |  | 18267 |
|  | $24053 | $188 | $3314 | $27555 |

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**Guaranty**

On September 13, 2024, OPAL Paragon, an equity method investment of the Company, entered into a tax credit purchase agreement with Apollo Management Holdings, L.P., ("Buyer"), pursuant to which OPAL Paragon sold $11,096 of investment tax credits to the Buyer for net proceeds of $8,906. If the tax credits are disallowed or recaptured by the government from the Buyer, OPAL Paragon will be required to return the purchase price and pay any taxes, interests or penalties incurred.

In connection with the above transaction, all of the obligations of OPAL Paragon under such tax credit purchase agreement are guaranteed by the Company.

On March 28, 2025, OPAL Paragon entered into a tax credit purchase agreement with the Buyer, pursuant to which OPAL Paragon sold $9,801 of investment tax credits to the Buyer for net proceeds of $8,037. If the tax credits are disallowed or recaptured from the Buyer, OPAL Paragon will be required to return the purchase price and pay any taxes, interests or penalties incurred.

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In connection with the above transaction, all of the obligations of OPAL Paragon under such tax credit purchase agreement are guaranteed by the Company.

On June 20, 2025, OPAL Fuels LLC entered into tax credit purchase agreements with the Buyer and EagleBank, pursuant to which OPAL Fuels LLC sold $16,740 of investment tax credits for net proceeds of $13,686. If the tax credits are disallowed or recaptured from the Buyer, OPAL Fuels LLC will be required to return the purchase price and pay any taxes, interests or penalties incurred.

In connection with the above transaction, all of the obligations of OPAL Fuels LLC under such tax credit purchase agreements are guaranteed by the Company.

On September 12, 2025, OPAL Fuels LLC entered into tax credit purchase agreements with the Buyer and Athene Annuity and Life Company, pursuant to which OPAL Fuels LLC sold $17,369 of investment tax credits for net proceeds of $14,567. If the tax credits are disallowed or recaptured from the Buyer, OPAL Fuels LLC will be required to return the purchase price and pay any taxes, interests or penalties incurred.

In connection with the above transaction, all of the obligations of OPAL Fuels LLC under such tax credit purchase agreements are guaranteed by the Company.

**Legal Matters**

The Company is involved in various claims arising in the normal course of business. Management believes that the outcome of these claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Set forth below is information related to the Company's material pending legal proceedings as of the date of this report, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business. There have been no material changes to such legal proceedings from the previous quarter.

*Central Valley Project*

In September 2021, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, MD Digester, LLC ("MD"), entered into a fixed-price Engineering, Procurement and Construction Contract (an "EPC Contract") with VEC Partners, Inc. d/b/a CEI Builders ("CEI") for the design and construction of a turn-key renewable natural gas production facility using dairy cow manure as feedstock in California's Central Valley. In December 2021, a second indirect subsidiary of the Company, VS Digester, LLC ("VS") entered into a nearly identical EPC Contract (collectively, the "EPC Contracts") with CEI for the design and construction of a second facility, also in California's Central Valley. CEI's performance under both of the EPC Contracts is fully bonded by licensed sureties.

CEI submitted a series of change order requests seeking to increase the EPC Contract Price by approximately $14 million, per project, primarily due to: (1) modifications to CEI's design drawings which are required to meet its contracted performance guaranties, and (2) a default by one of CEI's major equipment manufacturers. The Company disputes the vast majority of the change order requests.

In January 2024, the Company filed a civil lawsuit captioned, MD Digester, LLC. et. al. vs. VEC Partners, Inc. et. al.; with the California Superior Court, County of San Joaquin; Action No. STK- CV-UCC-2024-0000185 and commenced a related arbitration proceeding in order to obtain a formal determination on the claims; AAA Case No. 01-24-0000-0775. The Superior Court Action has been stayed, pending the conclusion of the arbitration. In the meantime, the AAA has empaneled three experienced arbitrators and has set the hearing date for the matter, currently schedule in May 2026.

The EPC Agreement requires that CEI, continue working during the course of the litigation and related arbitration proceedings; however, CEI effectively stopped working. Between May and August 2024, MD issued a series of Notices of Default and Demands to Cure to CEI. CEI failed to cure, and on July 30, 2024, MD terminated CEI for default. MD notified CEI's performance bond surety, Atlantic Specialty Insurance Company of the termination and demanded that it perform under the bond. Atlantic has denied the claim.

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On July 11, 2024, VS issued a Notice of Default and Demand to Cure, advising CEI of its defaults and giving it an opportunity to cure. CEI failed to do so, and on August 27, 2024, VS terminated CEI for default. VS has notified CEI's bond surety, also Atlantic, of the second termination and demanded that it perform under the performance bond. The surety has denied the claim.

As a result of CEI's default and Atlantic's denial of the claims, MD and VS have amended their claims in the AAA arbitration to include breach of contract claims against CEI and breach of performance bond and payment bond claims against Atlantic (who was formally joined into the arbitration on November 20, 2024) in the AAA Arbitration with CEI.

CEI has since recorded mechanic's liens against each of the projects for $4,900 (MD) and $2,000 (VS), and filed actions with the Stanislaus and San Joaquin County Superior Courts, respectively, to enforce their liens. MD and VS have since recorded bonds releasing the properties from the liens and it is expected that these claims will be stayed and consolidated with the pending arbitration proceeding.

In addition to the above-referenced action and arbitration, several of CEI's subcontractors have recorded mechanic's liens against the MD and VS projects for $3,141, which the Company is obligated to defend and indemnify the dairy owners from and against. Several liens were untimely and have been released.

The Company believes its claims against CEI (and the surety where bond claims are denied) have substantial merit, and intends to prosecute the claims vigorously. However, due to the incipient stage of the litigation and related arbitration, the recency of the termination, and the ongoing status of the proceedings and discussions with the bond surety, as well as the uncertainties involved in all litigation and arbitration, the Company is unable at this time to assess the likely outcome of the litigation and related arbitration, the timing of its resolution, or its ultimate impact, if any, on the Central Valley projects or the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations.

*Former Development Partner/Construction Manager*

In March 2024, the Company filed an action in the Orange County Superior Court (Case No. 30- 2024-01415510-CU-BC-CXC) against its former development partner and construction manager, Sierra Renewable Organics Management, LLC, as well as its principal (Ethan Werner) and affiliated engineering firm (CH Four Biogas) for Breach of Contract, Indemnity, Declaratory Relief, Intentional Misrepresentation and Negligent Misrepresentation relating to the design and development of the Projects. The defendants have recently filed an answer and certain cross claims, to which the Company has demurred. Discovery in the case is now underway.

**13. Subsequent Events**

On October 6, 2025, the Company's Atlantic RNG facility commenced commercial operations. This project represents approximately 0.3 million MMBtu for Opal's 50% ownership share of annual design capacity.

In October 2025, the Company began construction of the CMS Concord RNG facility in North Carolina. This project represents approximately 0.7 million MMBtu for Opal's 70% ownership share of annual design capacity.

There have been no other subsequent events, that occurred during such period that would require disclosure in this Form 10-Q or would be required to be recognized in the consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

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**Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations**

*In this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section, references to "OPAL," "we," "us," "our," and the "Company" refer to OPAL Fuels Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2025 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 17, 2025. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis includes certain forward-looking statements which reflect our current expectations. The Company's actual results may materially differ from these forward-looking statements.*

**Overview**

Biogas is generated by microbes as they break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, and is comprised of non-fossil waste gas, with high concentrations of methane, which is the primary component of RNG and the source for combustion utilized by Renewable Power plants to generate electricity. Biogas can not only be collected and processed to remove impurities for use as RNG (a form of high-Btu fuel) and injected into existing natural gas pipelines as it is fully interchangeable with fossil natural gas, but partially treated biogas can be used directly in heating applications (as a form of medium-Btu fuel) or in the production of Renewable Power. Our principal sources of biogas are (i) landfill gas, which is produced by the decomposition of organic waste at landfills, and (ii) dairy manure, which is processed through anaerobic digesters to produce the biogas.

We also design, develop, construct, operate and service Fueling Stations for trucking fleets across the country that use natural gas to displace diesel as their transportation fuel. We have participated in the alternative vehicle fuels industry for over a decade and have established an expanding network of Fueling Stations for dispensing RNG. In addition, we have recently begun implementing design, development, and construction services for hydrogen fueling stations, and we are pursuing opportunities to diversify our sources of biogas to other waste streams.

As of September 30, 2025, we owned and operated 26 projects, 11 of which are RNG projects and 15 of which are Renewable Power Projects. As of that date, our RNG projects in operation had a design capacity of 8.8 million MMBtus per year and our Renewable Power Projects in operation had a nameplate capacity of 105.8 MW per hour. In addition to these projects in operation, we are actively pursuing expansion of our RNG-generating capacity and, accordingly, have a portfolio of RNG projects in construction or in development, with six of our current Renewable Power Projects being considered candidates for conversion to RNG projects in the foreseeable future.

**Recent Developments**

On October 6, 2025, the Company's Atlantic RNG facility commenced commercial operations. This project represents approximately 0.3 million MMBtu for Opal's 50% ownership share of annual design capacity.

In October 2025, the Company began construction of the CMS Concord RNG facility in North Carolina. This project represents approximately 0.7 million MMBtu for Opal's 70% ownership share of annual design capacity.

**Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates**

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") and the rules and regulations of the SEC, which apply to interim financial statements. The preparation of those financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

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Critical accounting policies are those that reflect significant judgments of uncertainties and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. For a detailed description of all our accounting policies, see Note 1. *Summary of Significant Accounting Policies*, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein and the section titled "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

**Key Factors and Trends Influencing our Results of Operations**

The principal factors affecting our results of operations and financial condition are the markets for RNG, Renewable Power, and associated Environmental Attributes, access to suitable biogas production resources, the regulatory environment of our industry, and the seasonality of demand and pricing for our products. Additional factors and trends affecting our business are discussed in "*Risk Factors*" elsewhere in this report.

*Market Demand for RNG*

Demand for our converted biogas and associated Environmental Attributes, including RINs and LCFS credits, is heavily influenced by United States federal and state energy regulations together with commercial interest in renewable energy products. Markets for RINs and LCFS credits arise from regulatory mandates that require refiners and blenders to incorporate renewable content into transportation fuels. The EPA sets proposed RVOs for D3 RINs in accordance with the mandates established by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. In June 2023, the EPA set RVOs for 2023 through 2025 via a new Set rule. This 3 year RVO is expiring at the end of this year. In June 2025, the EPA announced a proposed "Set 2 Rule" to establish RVOs for 2026 and 2027, with rule finalization expected in late 2025 or early 2026. Until the rules and RVOs are finalized, there may be uncertainty as to RIN pricing for the associated period. On the state level, the economics of RNG are enhanced by low-carbon fuel initiatives, particularly well-established programs in California, Washington and Oregon (with several other states also actively considering LCFS initiatives similar to those in California, Washington and Oregon). Federal and state regulatory developments could result in significant future changes to market demand for the RINs and LCFS credits we produce. This would have a corresponding impact to our revenue, net income, and cash flow.

Transportation, including heavy-duty trucking, generates approximately 30% of overall carbon dioxide and other climate-harming GHG emissions in the United States, and transitioning this sector to low and negative carbon fuels is a critical step towards reducing overall global GHG emissions. The adoption rate of RNG-powered vehicles by commercial transportation fleets will significantly impact demand for our products.

We are also exposed to the commodity prices of natural gas and diesel, which serve as alternative fuel for RNG and therefore impact the demand for RNG.

*Renewable Power Markets*

We also generate revenues from sales of Renewable Power generated by our biogas-to-Renewable Power projects, and associated RECs. RECs exist because of legal and governmental regulatory requirements in Europe and the United States, respectively, and a change in law or in governmental policies concerning Renewable Power, LFG, or RECs could affect the market for, and the pricing of, such power and credits.

We periodically evaluate opportunities to convert existing Renewable Power projects to RNG production. We have been negotiating with several of our landfill and Renewable Power counterparties to enter into arrangements that would enable the LFG resource to produce RNG. Changes in the price we receive for Renewable Power and associated RECs, together with the revenue opportunities and conversion costs associated with converting our LFG sites to RNG production, could have a significant impact on our future profitability.

*Regulatory landscape*

We operate in an industry that is subject to and currently benefits from environmental regulations. Government policies can increase demand for our products by providing incentives to purchase RNG and Environmental Attributes. These government policies are modified and in flux constantly and any adverse changes to these policies could have a material effect on the demand for our products. For more information, see the risk factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, including the risk factor titled *"The financial performance of our business depends upon tax and other government incentives for the generation of RNG and Renewable Power, any of which could* 

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*change at any time and such changes may negatively impact our growth strategy."* Government regulations have become increasingly stringent and complying with changes in regulations may result in significant additional operating expenses.

*Seasonality*

We experience seasonality in our results of operations. Sale of RNG may be impacted by higher consumption by some of our customers during summer months. Additionally, the price of RNG is higher during the fall and winter months due to increase in overall demand for natural gas during the winter months. Revenues generated from our renewable electricity projects in the northeast U.S., all of which sell electricity at market prices, are affected by warmer and colder weather, and therefore a portion of our quarterly operating results and cash flows are affected by pricing changes due to regional temperatures. These seasonal variances are managed in part by certain off-take agreements at fixed prices.

**Key Components of Our Results of Operations**

We generate revenues from the sale of RNG fuel, Renewable Power, and associated Environmental Attributes, as well as from the construction, fuel supply, and servicing of Fueling Stations for commercial transportation vehicles using natural gas to power their fleets. These revenue sources are presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations under the following captions:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **RNG Fuel.** The RNG Fuel segment includes RNG supply as well as the associated generation and sale of commodity natural gas and environmental credits, and consists of:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ RNG Production Facilities – the design, development, construction, maintenance and operation of facilities that convert raw biogas into pipeline quality natural gas; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ Our interests in both operating and construction projects.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Fuel Station Services.** Through our Fuel Station Services segment**,** we provide construction and maintenance services to third-party owners of vehicle Fueling Stations and perform fuel dispensing activities including generation and minting of environmental credits. This segment includes:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ Manufacturing division that builds Compact Fueling Systems and Defueling systems;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ Design/Build contracts where we serve as general contractor for construction of Fueling Stations, typically structured as Guarantee Maximum Price or fixed priced contracts for customers, generally lasting less than one year;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ Service and maintenance contracts for RNG/CNG Fueling Stations; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ RNG and CNG Fuel Dispensing Stations - This includes both the dispensing (or sale) of RNG, CNG, and environmental credit generation and monetization. We operate Fueling Stations that dispense both CNG and RNG fuel for vehicles.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Renewable Power.** The Renewable Power segment generates renewable power and associated Environmental Attributes such as RECs through combustion of biogas from landfills which is then sold to public utilities throughout the United States.

Our costs of sales associated with each revenue category are as follows:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **RNG Fuel.** Includes royalty payments to biogas site owners for the biogas we use; service provider costs; salaries and other indirect expenses related to the production process; utilities, transportation, storage, and insurance; and depreciation of production facilities.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Fuel Station Services.** Includes equipment supplier costs; service provider costs; and salaries and other indirect expenses.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• **Renewable Power.** Includes royalty payments; land usage costs; service provider costs; salaries and other indirect expenses related to the production process; utilities; and depreciation of production facilities.

Project development and start up costs includes certain development costs such as legal fees, consulting fees for joint venture structuring, royalties to the landfill owner, fines, settlements, site lease expenses and certification costs on

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our RNG projects under construction. Additionally, the Company also incurs certain expenses on new RNG projects during the first two years that such projects are operational, such as virtual pipeline costs (incurred until a physical interconnect pipeline is built) and ramp up costs incurred during the certification period.

Selling, general, and administrative expense consists of costs involving corporate overhead functions, including the cost of services provided to us by an affiliate, and marketing costs.

Depreciation and amortization primarily relate to depreciation associated with property, plant, and equipment and amortization of acquired intangibles arising from PPAs and interconnection contracts. We are in the process of expanding our RNG and Renewable Power production capacity and expect depreciation costs to increase as new projects are placed into service.

***Concentration of customers and associated credit risk***

The following table summarizes the percentage of consolidated accounts receivable, net by customers that equal or exceed 10% of the consolidated accounts receivable, net as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. No other single customer accounted for 10% or greater of our consolidated accounts receivables in these periods:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **September 30, 2025** | **December 31, 2024** |
| Customer A <sup>(1)</sup> | 41% | 31% |
| Customer B | 14% | 19% |

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>(1)</sup> Relates to sales of Environmental Attributes under Purchase and Sale agreements and Renewable Power sale agreements.

The following table summarizes the percentage of consolidated revenues from customers that equal 10% or greater of the consolidated revenues in the period. No other single customer accounted for more than 10% of consolidated revenues in these periods:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended<br>September 30,** |
| | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| Customer A | 34% | 42% | 38% | 40% |
| Customer B | \* | 14% | \* | 14% |

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\*Less than 10%

***Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024***

***Operational data***

The following table summarizes the operational data achieved for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

**Landfill RNG Facility Capacity and Utilization Summary**

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Landfill RNG Facility Capacity and Utilization** |  |  |  |  |
| Design Capacity (Million MMBtus) <sup>(1)</sup> | 2.2 | 1.7 | 6.4 | 4.5 |
| Volume of Inlet Gas (Million MMBtus) <sup>(2)</sup> | 1.6 | 1.2 | 4.6 | 3.3 |
| Inlet Design Capacity Utilization (%) <sup>(2)</sup> | 80% | 72% | 73% | 75% |
| RNG Fuel volume produced (Million MMBtus)<sup>(3)</sup> | 1.2 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 2.6 |
| Utilization of Inlet Gas (%) <sup>(4)</sup> | 77% | 84% | 76% | 82% |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Design Capacity for RNG facilities is measured as the volume of feedstock biogas that the facility is capable of accepting at the inlet and processing during the associated period. Design Capacity is presented as OPAL's ownership share (i.e., net of joint venture partners' ownership) of the facility and is calculated based on the number of days in the period. New facilities that come online during a quarter are pro-rated for the number of days in commercial operation.

<sup>(2)</sup> Inlet Design Capacity Utilization is measured as the Volume of Inlet Gas for a period, divided by the total Design Capacity for such period. The Volume of Inlet Gas varies over time depending on, among other factors, (i) the quantity and quality of waste deposited at the landfill, (ii) waste management practices by the landfill, and (iii) the construction, operations and maintenance of the landfill gas collection system used to recover the landfill gas. The Design Capacity for each facility will typically be correlated to the amount of landfill gas expected to be generated by the landfill during the term of the related gas rights agreement. The Company expects Inlet Design Capacity Utilization to be in the range of 75-85% on an aggregate basis over the next several years. Typically, newer facilities perform at the lower end of this range and demonstrate increasing utilization as they mature and the biogas resource increases at open landfills. Excludes Sunoma and Biotown.

<sup>(3)</sup> Excludes Sunoma and Biotown

<sup>(4)</sup> Utilization of Inlet Gas is measured as RNG Fuel Volume Produced divided by the Volume of Inlet Gas. Utilization of Inlet Gas varies over time depending on availability and efficiency of the facility and the quality of landfill gas (i.e., concentrations of methane, oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases). The Company generally expects Utilization of Inlet Gas to be in the range of 80% to 90%. Excludes Sunoma and Biotown.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| **Renewable Power** |  |  |  |  |
| Nameplate Capacity (MW per hour)<sup>(1)</sup> | 105.8 | 105.8 | 105.8 | 105.8 |
| Nameplate Capacity for the period (Millions MWh) <sup>(1)</sup> | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.69 | 0.70 |
| Renewable Power produced (Millions MWh) | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.27 |
| Nameplate Capacity Utilization (%) <sup>(2)</sup> | 39% | 41% | 38% | 39% |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Nameplate Capacity for Renewable Power facilities is the manufacturer's expected capacity at ISO conditions for each facility and may not reflect actual production from the projects, which depends on many variables including, but not limited to, (i) quantity and quality of the biogas, (ii) operational up-time of the facility, including dispatch and maintenance downtime and (iii) actual efficiency of the facility.

<sup>(2)</sup> Nameplate Capacity Utilization for Renewable Power facilities is measured as Renewable Power Produced divided by Design Capacity for the period. Given (i) built-in un-utilized capacity from historical designs, (ii) availability (a function of higher maintenance requirements compared to RNG facilities) and (iii) commencement of operations of the Emerald RNG facility, which will result in low levels of dispatch for the Arbor Hills facility (which will operate on a standby basis but remain in the operating portfolio), the Company's Design Capacity Utilization is expected to remain below 50%.

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
| | **2025** | **2024** | **2025** | **2024** |
| RNG Fuel volume produced (Million MMBtus) | 1.3 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 2.8 |
| RNG Fuel volume sold (Million GGEs) | 20.4 | 19.6 | 60.5 | 54.7 |
| Total volume delivered (Million GGEs) | 38.9 | 38.6 | 120.4 | 109.2 |

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**RNG projects**

Below is a table setting forth the RNG projects in operation and construction in our portfolio as of September 30, 2025:

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **OPAL's Share of Design Capacity (MMBtus per year)** <sup>(1)</sup> | **Source of Biogas** | **Ownership** | **Expected Commercial Operation Date** <sup>(4)</sup> |
| **RNG Projects in Operation:** | | | | |
| Greentree | 1061712 | LFG | 100% | N/A |
| Imperial | 1061712 | LFG | 100% | N/A |
| Emerald <sup>(2)</sup>  | 1327140 | LFG | 50% | N/A |
| Sapphire <sup>(2)</sup> | 796284 | LFG | 50% | N/A |
| New River | 663570 | LFG | 100% | N/A |
| Noble Road <sup>(2)</sup> | 464499 | LFG | 50% | N/A |
| Pine Bend <sup>(2)</sup> | 424685 | LFG | 50% | N/A |
| Biotown <sup>(2)</sup> | 43750 | Dairy | 10% | N/A |
| Sunoma <sup>(3)</sup> | 176297 | Dairy | 90% | N/A |
| Prince William | 1725282 | LFG | 100% | N/A |
| Polk County | 1060000 | LFG | 100% | N/A |
| **Total** | 8804931 |  |  |  |
| **RNG Projects in Construction:** |  |  |  |  |
| Hilltop | 255500 | Dairy | 100% | (5) |
| Vander Schaaf | 255500 | Dairy | 100% | (5) |
| Burlington | 459900 | LFG | 50% | (6) |
| Atlantic <sup>(2)</sup> | 331785 | LFG | 50% | (7) |
| Cottonwood | 664884 | LFG | 100% | (6) |
| Kirby Canyon | 663570 | LFG | 100% | (6) |
| **Total** | 2631139 |  |  |  |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Reflects the Company's ownership share of design capacity for projects that are not 100% owned by the Company (i.e., net of joint venture partners' ownership). Design capacity is measured as the volume of feedstock biogas that the plant is capable of accepting at the inlet and processing and may not reflect actual production of RNG from the projects, which will depend on many variables including, but not limited to, (i) quantity and quality of the biogas, (ii) operational up-time of the facility and (iii) actual efficiency of the facility.

<sup>(2)</sup> We record our ownership interests in these projects as equity method investments in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

<sup>(3)</sup> This project has provisions that will adjust or "flip" the percentage of distributions to be made to us over time, typically triggered by achievement of hurdle rates that are calculated as internal rates of return on capital invested in the project.

<sup>(4)</sup> Expected Commercial Operation Date ("COD") for commencement of the RNG projects in construction is based on the Company's estimate as of the date of this report. CODs are estimates and are subject to change as a result of, among other factors out of the Company's control: (i) regulatory/permitting approval timing, (ii) disruption in supply chains and (iii) construction timing.

<sup>(5)</sup> Please see Part II, Item 1: Legal Proceedings and Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

<sup>(6)</sup> The construction of the Cottonwood, Burlington, and Kirby Canyon projects began in the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2024, respectively.

<sup>(7)</sup> COD date is October 2025.

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**Renewable Power Projects**

Below is a table setting forth the Renewable Power projects in operation in our portfolio:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nameplate Capacity (MW per Hour)** <sup>(1)</sup> | **Current RNG Conversion Candidate** <sup>(2)</sup> |
| **Renewable Power Projects in Operation:** | | |
| Sycamore | 5.2 | Yes |
| Lopez | 3.0 |  |
| Miramar Energy | 3.2 | Yes |
| San Marcos | 1.8 |  |
| Santa Cruz | 1.6 |  |
| San Diego - Miramar | 6.5 | Yes |
| West Covina | 6.5 |  |
| Port Charlotte | 2.9 |  |
| Taunton | 3.6 |  |
| Arbor Hills <sup>(3)</sup> | 28.9 | N/A |
| C&C | 6.3 | Yes |
| Albany | 5.9 |  |
| Concord and CMS | 14.4 | Yes |
| Pioneer | 8.0 |  |
| Richmond (previously "Old Dominion") | 8.0 | Yes |
| **Total** | 105.8 |  |
| **Renewable Power projects in construction:** |  |  |
| Fall River <sup>(4)</sup> | 2.4 |  |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Nameplate capacity is the manufacturer's expected capacity at ISO conditions for each facility and may not reflect actual production from the projects, which depends on many variables including, but not limited to, (i) quantity and quality of the biogas, (ii) operational up-time of the facility and (iii) actual productivity of the facility.

<sup>(2)</sup> We have determined that some of our Renewable Power projects are currently RNG conversion candidates. The Company identifies suitable RNG conversion candidates based on highest return of capital which is driven by certain factors including, but not limited to (i) the quantity and quality of LFG, (ii) the proximity to pipeline interconnect and (iii) the ability to enter into contracts, including site leases and gas rights agreements, with host sites. The Company may change its decision to convert a Renewable Power Project into an RNG project in the future. The Company believes disclosing Renewable Power conversion candidates provides visibility into the effect of those conversions on the existing Renewable Power portfolio.

<sup>(3)</sup> Although the RNG conversion is completed, it is currently contemplated that the Arbor Hills Renewable Power plant will continue limited operations on a stand-by, emergency basis through March of 2031.

<sup>(4)</sup> Construction of the Fall River project has been delayed due to permitting issues.

***Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024***

The following table presents the period-over-period change for each line item in the Company's statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

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| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **$ Change** | **% <br>Change** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **$ Change** | **% <br>Change** |
|<br>***(in thousands)*** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% <br>Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **% <br>Change** |
| **Revenues:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| RNG Fuel | $22921 | $25864 | $(2943) | (11)% | $75650 | $63036 | $12614 | 20% |
| Fuel Station Services | 51722 | 45395 | 6327 | 14% | 149426 | 121794 | 27632 | 23% |
| Renewable Power | 8714 | 12788 | (4074) | (32)% | 24144 | 35119 | (10975) | (31)% |
| Total revenues | 83357 | 84047 | (690) | (1)% | 249220 | 219949 | 29271 | 13% |
| **Operating expenses:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cost of sales - RNG Fuel | 11774 | 9985 | 1789 | 18% | 35341 | 26644 | 8697 | 33% |
| Cost of sales - Fuel Station Services | 40230 | 33609 | 6621 | 20% | 118683 | 94882 | 23801 | 25% |
| Cost of sales - Renewable Power | 5917 | 7774 | (1857) | (24)% | 19578 | 25931 | (6353) | (24)% |
| Project development and startup costs | 2543 | 6803 | (4260) | (63)% | 12101 | 10523 | 1578 | 15% |
| Selling, general, and administrative | 14376 | 12692 | 1684 | 13% | 47803 | 39552 | 8251 | 21% |
| Depreciation, amortization, and accretion | 5566 | 4697 | 869 | 19% | 16772 | 12677 | 4095 | 32% |
| Income from equity method investments | (637) | (3822) | 3185 | 83% | (1877) | (11828) | 9951 | 84% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total operating expenses | 79769 | 71738 | 8031 | 11% | 248401 | 198381 | 50020 | 25% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Operating income | 3588 | 12309 | (8721) | (71)% | 819 | 21568 | (20749) | (96)% |
| **Other (expense) income:** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest and financing expense, net | (6898) | (5026) | (1872) | (37)% | (19330) | (13976) | (5354) | (38)% |
| Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net |  | 278 | (278) | (100)% | 281 | 1457 | (1176) | (81)% |
| Other income | 129 | 640 | (511) | (80)% | 2169 | 1737 | 432 | 25% |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Total other expenses | (6769) | (4108) | (2661) | (65)% | (16880) | (10782) | (6098) | (57)% |
| (Loss) income before income tax benefit | (3181) | 8201 | (11382) | (139)% | (16061) | 10786 | (26847) | (249)% |
| Income tax benefit | 14567 | 8906 | 5661 | 64% | 36290 | 8906 | 27384 | 307% |
| Net income | 11386 | 17107 | (5721) | (33)% | 20229 | 19692 | 537 | 3% |
| Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests | 7226 | 11998 | (4772) | (40)% | 10034 | 9618 | 416 | 4% |
| Net income attributable to non-redeemable non-controlling interests | 93 | 130 | (37) | (28)% | 329 | 328 | 1 | —% |
| Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests | 2617 | 2617 |  | —% | 7851 | 7853 | (2) | —% |
| **Net income attributable to Class A common stockholders** | $1450 | $2362 | $(912) | (39)% | $2015 | $1893 | $122 | 6% |

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***Revenues***

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| ***(in thousands)*** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Three Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
|  | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** | **2025** | **2024** | **$ Change** |
| **RNG Fuel** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Brown gas sales | $3415 | $1115 | $2300 | $9572 | $3023 | $6549 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Environmental Attributes <sup>(1)</sup> | 19061 | 24408 | (5347) | 64832 | 58968 | 5864 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Other | 445 | 341 | 104 | 1246 | 1045 | 201 |
| **Total RNG Fuel** | 22921 | 25864 | (2943) | 75650 | 63036 | 12614 |
| **Fuel Station Services** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;OPAL owned stations | 10018 | 8025 | 1993 | 25644 | 19194 | 6450 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;RNG marketing <sup>(2)</sup> | 20380 | 20613 | (233) | 71679 | 55155 | 16524 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Third party station service and maintenance | 7122 | 6399 | 723 | 20726 | 17591 | 3135 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Construction | 14202 | 10358 | 3844 | 31377 | 29854 | 1523 |
| **Total Fuel Station Services** | 51722 | 45395 | 6327 | 149426 | 121794 | 27632 |
| **Renewable Power** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Electricity sales | 6587 | 7326 | (739) | 19224 | 20712 | (1488) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;Environmental Attributes <sup>(3)</sup> | 2127 | 5462 | (3335) | 4920 | 14407 | (9487) |
| **Total Renewable Power** | 8714 | 12788 | (4074) | 24144 | 35119 | (10975) |
| **Total Revenues** | $83357 | $84047 | $(690) | $249220 | $219949 | $29271 |

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<sup>(1)</sup> Revenues from Environmental Attributes in the RNG Fuel segment relate to revenues earned from sales of RINs and LCFSs. 

<sup>(2)</sup> Revenues from RNG marketing in the Fuel Station Services segment relate to revenues earned from sales of RINs and LCFSs, as well as revenue from Environmental Attribute generation and monetization services.

<sup>(3)</sup> Revenues from Environmental Attributes in the Renewable Power segment include revenues earned from sales of ISCC Carbon Credits and RECs.

*RNG Fuel*

Revenue from RNG Fuel decreased by $2.9 million or 11% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily related to a $2.3 million increase in brown gas sales due to an increase in price and natural gas swap gain and a $5.3 million decrease in the sale of environmental attributes. The decrease in environmental attributes was primarily related to a $4.3 million increase in green gas sales, a $4.3 million increase from new facilities (Prince William and Polk), a $6.2 million decrease in RIN volume, and a $7.7 million decrease due to RIN price reduction.

Revenue from RNG Fuel increased by $12.6 million, or 20%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was primarily related to a $6.5 million increase in brown gas sales due to increase in price and volume and a $5.9 million increase in the sale of environmental attributes. The increase in environmental attributes was primarily related to a $4.3 million increase in green gas sales, a $14.2 million

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increase from the new facilities (Prince William and Polk), a $4.1 million increase in RIN volume, and a $17.0 million decrease due to RIN price reduction.

*Fuel Station Services*

Revenue from Fuel Station Services increased by $6.3 million or 14%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to an increase in GGE volume from OPAL-owned and third-party stations and project construction timing.

Revenue from Fuel Station Services increased by $27.6 million, or 23%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to a $8.3 million increase in revenues from RIN and LCFS minting services from the new facilities (Prince William and Polk), a $20.7 million increase in RIN volume, a $5.7 million increase in GGE volume, a $2.7 million increase due to services driven by higher GGE volume and rate, a $1.5 million increase due to project construction timing, a $0.7 million increase in brown gas sales, and a $12.5 million decrease due to RIN price reduction.

*Renewable Power*

Revenue from Renewable Power decreased by $4.1 million, or 32%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to a $4.0 million decrease from the termination of an ISCC Carbon Credit contract in the fourth quarter of 2024, related to the Pioneer, Old Dominion, and West Covina facilities.

Revenue from Renewable Power decreased by $11.0 million, or 31%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to an $11.4 million decrease from the termination of an ISCC Carbon Credit contract in the fourth quarter of 2024, related to the Pioneer, Old Dominion, and West Covina facilities.

***Cost of sales***

*RNG Fuel*

Cost of sales from RNG Fuel increased by $1.8 million, or 18%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This increase is primarily related to a $2.2 million increase from Polk, which commenced operations in the fourth quarter of 2024, and an $0.5 million decrease from Prince William due to decrease in production volumes.

Cost of sales from RNG Fuel increased by $8.7 million, or 33%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase is primarily related to $5.6 million increase from Polk, which commenced operations in the fourth quarter of 2024, $4.3 million increase from Prince William, which commenced operations in the second quarter of 2024, $1.6 million decrease from GreenTree.

*Fuel Station Services*

Cost of sales from Fuel Station Services increased by $6.6 million, or 20%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to a $2.5 million increase in dispensing fees, a $1.7 million increase in FPA tolling expense, a $2.2 million increase in construction costs, and an $0.4 million increase in services and other costs.

Cost of sales from Fuel Station Services increased by $23.8 million, or 25%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to a $14.0 million increase in dispensing fees, a $7.2 million increase in FPA tolling expense, and a $2.9 million increase in construction costs.

*Renewable Power*

Cost of sales from Renewable Power decreased by $1.9 million, or 24%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to an $0.9 million decrease in royalties related to the corresponding decrease in ISCC Carbon Credit revenues and a $1.0 million decrease primarily driven by the timing of major maintenance and other expenses.

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Cost of sales from Renewable Power decreased by $6.4 million, or 24% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to a $3.1 million decrease in royalties related to corresponding decrease in ISCC Carbon Credit revenues, and a $3.3 decrease primarily driven by the timing of major maintenance and other expenses.

***Project development and start up costs***

Project development and startup costs decreased by $4.3 million, or 63%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to virtual pipeline costs related to Prince William and Polk facilities.

Project development and startup costs increased by $1.6 million, or 15%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to virtual pipeline costs related to Prince William and Polk facilities.

***Selling, general, and administrative***

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased by a total of $1.7 million, or 13%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to increases in professional fees, compensation costs, and advocacy expenses offset by stock compensation.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased by a total of $8.3 million, or 21%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to an increase in professional fees, compensation costs, stock compensation, and general corporate expenses.

***Depreciation, amortization, and accretion***

Depreciation, amortization, and accretion increased by a total of $0.9 million, or 19%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to depreciation expense on Polk, which became operational in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Depreciation, amortization, and accretion increased by a total of $4.1 million, or 32%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to depreciation expense on Prince William and Polk, which became operational in the second and fourth quarter of 2024, respectively, as well as additional depreciation expense on fuel station services.

***Income from equity method investments***

Net income attributable to equity method investments decreased by $3.2 million, or 83%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to a decrease in the realized price of RINs sold on operating facilities.

Net income attributable to equity method investments decreased by $10.0 million, or 84% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to a decrease in the realized price of RINs sold on operating facilities.

***Interest and financing expense, net***

Interest and financing expenses, net increased by $1.9 million, or 37%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to an increase in the drawn balance of the OPAL Term Loan.

Interest and financing expenses, net increased by $5.4 million, or 38%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to an increase in the drawn balance of the OPAL Term Loan.

***Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net***

Change in fair value of derivatives decreased by $0.3 million or 100% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, due to no gain associated with the mark-to-market adjustments to the earnout liabilities in the current period.

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Change in fair value of derivatives decreased by $1.2 million or 81% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to a lower gain associated with the mark-to-market adjustments to the earnout liabilities in the current period.

***Other income***

Other income decreased by $0.5 million or 80% the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily related to a decrease in other income from environmental attributes and insurance gain.

Other income increased by $0.4 million, or 25%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily related to an increase in gain on note receivable.

***Income tax benefit***

Income tax benefit increased by $5.7 million or 64% for three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to receipt of net proceeds from sale of Investment Tax Credits ("ITCs") for Polk.

Income tax benefit increased by $27.4 million or 307% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This is primarily related to receipt of net proceeds from sale of ITCs for Prince William, Sapphire and Polk.

***Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests***

Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests decreased by $4.8 million, or 40%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The net income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 reflects the portion of earnings belonging to OPAL Fuels equity holders. The decrease is primarily attributable to lower net income in the current period compared to the same prior-year period.

Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased by $0.4 million, or 4%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase is primarily attributable to higher net income in the current period compared to the same prior-year period.

***Net income attributable to non-redeemable non-controlling interests***

Net income attributable to non-redeemable non-controlling interests remained flat for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Net income attributable to non-redeemable non-controlling interests remained flat for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to nine months ended September 30, 2024.

***Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests***

Dividends on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests remained flat for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

***Liquidity***

As of September 30, 2025, our liquidity was $183.8 million, consisting of $138.4 million of unused capacity under our $450.0 million senior secured credit facility, $15.5 million of unused capacity under the associated revolver, and $29.9 million of cash and cash equivalents.

We expect that our available cash together with our other assets, expected cash flows from operations, and access to expected sources of capital will be sufficient to meet our existing commitments for a period of at least twelve months from the date of this report. Any reduction in demand for our products or our ability to manage our production facilities may result in lower cash flows from operations which may impact our ability to make investments and may require changes to our growth plan.

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To fund future growth, we anticipate seeking additional capital through equity or debt financings. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including the pace and results of our project development efforts. We may be unable to obtain any such additional financing on acceptable terms or at all. Our ability to access capital when needed is not assured and, if capital is not available when, and in the amounts needed, we could be required to delay, scale back or abandon some or all of our development programs and other operations, which could materially harm our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.

As part of our operations, we have arrangements for office space for our corporate headquarters under the Administrative Services Agreement as well as operating leases for office space, warehouse space, and our vehicle fleet.

We intend to make payments under our various debt instruments when due and pursue opportunities for earlier repayment and/or refinancing if and when these opportunities arise.

See Note 3. *Borrowings,* to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

*OPAL Term Loan*

On March 3, 2025, OPAL Fuels Intermediate HoldCo LLC, as the borrower (the "Borrower"), certain subsidiaries of the Borrower, as guarantors (the "Guarantors"), the lenders and issuers of letters of credit party thereto and Bank of America, N.A. as the administrative agent (the "Administrative Agent") entered into that certain Amendment No. 1 to Credit and Guarantee Agreement (the "Credit Agreement Amendment"), with respect to that certain Credit and Guarantee Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") dated September 1, 2023, by and among the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the financial institutions from time to time parties thereto as lenders and as issuers of letters of credit, and the other agents and persons from time to time party thereto (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified and in effect from time to time).

The Credit Agreement Amendment makes certain changes to the applicability of certain financial covenants and modifies other covenants to clarify the use of loan proceeds. Additionally, the Credit Agreement Amendment permits the organizational restructuring of the Guarantors in a manner designed to facilitate the sale of federal investment tax credits and the ability to raise additional future capital.

The Credit Agreement Amendment also eases the conditions precedent to making new Projects eligible for borrowing under the Credit Agreement, extends the availability period for delay draw term loans under the Credit Agreement through March 5, 2026, and extends the commencement of repayment of such term loans until March 31, 2026.

In connection with the Credit Agreement Amendment, the Borrower paid the Administrative Agent, for the account of each lender, a one-time nonrefundable fee of $1.25 million.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance (current and non-current) excluding deferred financing costs was $331.6 million and $286.6 million, respectively.

The Company has the ability, during the delayed draw availability period and subject to the satisfaction of certain credit and project-related conditions precedent, to join other newly acquired subsidiaries with comparable renewable projects in development under the credit facility for comparable funding. As of September 30, 2025, the Company is in compliance with the financial covenants under the OPAL Term Loan.

*Sunoma Loan*

On August 27, 2020, Sunoma, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company entered into a debt agreement (the "Sunoma Loan Agreement") with Live Oak Banking Company for an aggregate principal amount of $20 million. Sunoma paid $0.6 million in financing fees. The amounts outstanding under the Sunoma Loan are secured by the assets of Sunoma. On July 19, 2022, Sunoma completed the conversion of the construction loan into a permanent loan and increased the commitment from $20.0 to $23.0 million. The maturity date is July 19, 2033. The outstanding loans under the Sunoma Loan Agreement bear interest at an annual fixed rates of 7.8%, and 8.2% per annum during the term.

The Sunoma Loan Agreement contains certain financial covenants which require Sunoma to maintain (i) a maximum debt to net worth ratio not to exceed 5:1, (ii) a minimum current ratio not less than 1.0 and (iii) a minimum debt service coverage ratio of trailing four quarters not less than 1.25. As of September 30, 2025, Sunoma is in compliance with the financial covenants under the Sunoma Loan Agreement.

------

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the outstanding loan balance (current and non-current) excluding deferred financing costs was $19.5 million and $20.8 million, respectively.

The significant assets of Sunoma, as well as those of other consolidated variable VIEs, are parenthesized in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

*Redeemable Series A Preferred Units of OPAL Fuels LLC*

In November 2021, NextEra subscribed for an aggregate of $100,000,000 of Series A preferred units issued by OPAL Fuels LLC, a consolidated subsidiary of OPAL Fuels, Inc. The Series A preferred units have limited rights to prevent OPAL Fuels LLC from taking certain actions including (i) major issuances of new debt or equity (ii) executing transactions with affiliates which are not at arm-length basis (iii) major disposition of assets and (iv) major acquisition of assets outside of OPAL Fuels LLC's primary business. The Series A preferred units are entitled to receive dividends at the rate of 8% per annum. Dividends begin accruing for each unit from the date of issuance and are payable each quarter end regardless of whether they are declared. The dividends are mandatory and cumulative. The Company was allowed to elect to issue additional Series A preferred units (paid-in-kind) in lieu of cash for the first eight dividend payment dates. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was no accrued preferred dividend payable.

At any time after issuance, OPAL Fuels LLC may redeem the Series A preferred units for a price equal to original issue price of $100 per unit plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. Upon written notice from NextEra at any time after November 29, 2025, we would be required to redeem the Series A preferred units. In the event the Company does not redeem the Series A preferred units when requested, NextEra will have the following rights and remedies: (1) NextEra's affiliate may extend the RNG Marketing Agreement by 12 months; or (2) the dividend rate would increase depending on the length of time the Series A preferred units remain unredeemed to up to 20% per annum, and if more than $25,000,000 preferred equity is outstanding for more than six months after November 29, 2025, NextEra may appoint a director to OPAL Fuel Inc.'s Board of Directors; or (3) NextEra may convert the Series A preferred equity into common equity of the OPAL Fuels LLC at a conversion price at a 20% to 30% discount to their value (the discount is 20% during the first 12 months after November 29, 2025, 25% for the next 12 months thereafter and 30% thereafter).

***Cash Flows***

The following table presents the Company's cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** | **Nine Months Ended September 30,** |
|<br>***(in thousands)*** | **2025** | **2024** |
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $40017 | $31917 |
| Net cash used in investing activities | (69933) | (86546) |
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 34971 | 31581 |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents | $5055 | $(23048) |

---

*Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities*

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $40.0 million, an increase of $8.1 million compared to $31.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The increase was primarily attributable to higher net income driven by increased revenues, lower income from equity method investments, and higher non-cash items. These were partially offset by unfavorable changes in working capital and a decrease in distributions from equity method investments.

*Net Cash Used in Investing Activities*

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $69.9 million, a decrease of $16.6 million compared to the $86.5 million used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

This was primarily driven by a decrease in payments made for the construction of various RNG generation and dispensing facilities in 2025 compared to 2024, an increase in distributions received from equity method investments, and a decrease in payments made for the purchase of short-term investments and an increase cash from notes receivable, partially offset by higher contributions made to equity method investments.

------

*Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities*

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $35.0 million, an increase of $3.4 million compared to the net cash used in financing activities of $31.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

This was primarily driven by an increase in proceeds from long-term loans, a decrease in dividend payments on redeemable preferred non-controlling interests, and an increase related to the acquisition of a controlling interest. These were partially offset by long-term loan repayments and higher financing costs paid to third parties.

*Capital expenditures and other cash commitments*

We require cash to fund our capital expenditures, operating expenses and working capital and other requirements, including costs associated with fuel sales; outlays for the design and construction of new Fueling Stations and RNG production facilities; debt repayments and repurchases; maintenance of our electrification production facilities supporting our operations, including maintenance and improvements of our infrastructure; supporting our sales and marketing activities, including support of legislative and regulatory initiatives; any investments in other entities; any mergers or acquisitions, including acquisitions to expand our RNG production capacity; pursuing market expansion as opportunities arise, including geographically and to new customer markets; and to fund other activities or pursuits and for other general corporate purposes.

As of September 30, 2025, we anticipate spending of approximately $144.3 million in capital expenditures for the next 12 months for RNG projects, fuel stations and our share of contributions in our equity method investment projects. This includes projects which have not been fully committed. These expenditures do not include any expected contributions from our joint venture partners and primarily relate to our development and construction of new renewable energy facilities and the purchase of equipment used in our Fueling Station services and Renewable Power operations**.** 

In addition to the above, we also have lease commitments on our vehicle fleets and office leases and quarterly amortization payment obligations under various debt facilities. Please see Note 3. *Borrowings* and Note 12. *Commitments and Contingencies* to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

We plan to fund these expenditures primarily through cash on hand, cash generated from operations and availability under existing debt facilities.

**Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk**

The Company is not required to provide the information required by this Item because it is a "smaller reporting company."

**Item 4. Controls and Procedures**

*Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures*

Our management, with the participation of our Co-Chief Executive Officers and our Chief Financial Officer (our co-principal executive officers and principal financial officer, respectively), evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Based on that evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rules 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act, as of September 30, 2025, our Co-Chief Executive Officers and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective for the period covered by this report.

------

*Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting*

No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) was identified in the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

------

**Part II - Other Information**

**Item 1. Legal Proceedings**

From time to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings, lawsuits and claims incidental to the conduct of our business, some of which may be material. Our businesses are also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against us. We do not believe that the outcome of any of our current legal proceedings will have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

**Item 1A. Risk Factors** 

Except as described below, there have been no material changes from the "Risk Factors" previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on March 17, 2025, as supplemented by our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. The risks described in such reports are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results.

**Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds**

None.

**Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities**

None.

**Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures**

Not applicable.

------

**Item 5. Other Information**

***<u>Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans</u>***

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2025, none of the Company's directors or executive officers adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of Company securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement."

**Item 6. Exhibits**

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit Number** | **Description** |
| 3.1 | <u>[Restated Certificate of Incorporation of OPAL Fuels Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed by the Company on August 10, 2022).](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1842279/000121390022046338/ea164030ex3-1_opal.htm)</u> |
| 3.2 | <u>[Bylaws of OPAL Fuels Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company on July 27, 2022)](https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1842279/000121390022042020/ea163248ex3-2_opal.htm)</u>. |
| 31.1 | <u>[Certification of Co-Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](opal-10xqcertifications311.htm)</u> |
| 31.2 | <u>[Certification of Co-Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](opal-10xqcertifications312.htm)</u> |
| 31.3 | <u>[Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](opal-10xqcertifications313.htm)</u> |
| 32.1\* | <u>[Certification of Co-Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](opal-10xqcertifications321.htm)</u> |
| 32.2\* | <u>[Certification of Co-Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](opal-10xqcertifications322.htm)</u> |
| 32.3\* | <u>[Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.](opal-10xqcertifications323.htm)</u> |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |

---

\* This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

------

**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 7, 2025

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **OPAL Fuels Inc.** | **OPAL Fuels Inc.** |
| By: | /s/ Jonathan Maurer |
| Name: | Jonathan Maurer |
| Title: | Co-Chief Executive Officer |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **OPAL Fuels Inc.** | **OPAL Fuels Inc.** |
| By: | /s/ Adam Comora |
| Name: | Adam Comora |
| Title: | Co-Chief Executive Officer |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **OPAL Fuels Inc.** | **OPAL Fuels Inc.** |
| By: | /s/ Kazi Hasan |
| Name: | Kazi Hasan |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer |

---

## Exhibit 31.1

**EXHIBIT 31.1**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)**

**UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Adam Comora, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of OPAL Fuels Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: November 7, 2025 | By: | /s/ Adam Comora |
|  |  | Co-Chief Executive Officer |
|  |  | (Co-Principal Executive Officer) |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**EXHIBIT 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)**

**UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Jonathan Maurer, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of OPAL Fuels Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: November 7, 2025 | By: | /s/ Jonathan Maurer |
|  |  | Co-Chief Executive Officer |
|  |  | (Co-Principal Executive Officer) |

---

------

## Exhibit 31.3

**EXHIBIT 31.3**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULES 13a-14(a) AND 15d-14(a)**

**UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Kazi Hasan, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of OPAL Fuels Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

------

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Date: November 7, 2025 | By: | /s/ Kazi Hasan |
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer |
|  |  | (Principal Financial Officer) |

---

------

## Exhibit 32.1

**EXHIBIT 32.1**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of OPAL Fuels Inc. (the "<u>Company</u>") on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "<u>Report</u>"), I, Adam Comora, Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Date: November 7, 2025 | |
| | /s/ Adam Comora |
| | Name: Adam Comora |
| | Title: Co-Chief Executive Officer |
| | (Co-Principal Executive Officer) |

---

------

## Exhibit 32.2

**EXHIBIT 32.2**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of OPAL Fuels Inc. (the "<u>Company</u>") on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "<u>Report</u>"), I, Jonathan Maurer, Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Date: November 7, 2025 | |
| | /s/ Jonathan Maurer |
| | Name: Jonathan Maurer |
| | Title: Co-Chief Executive Officer |
| | (Co-Principal Executive Officer) |

---

------

## Exhibit 32.3

**EXHIBIT 32.3**

**CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO**

**18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO**

**SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of OPAL Fuels Inc. (the "<u>Company</u>") on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "<u>Report</u>"), I, Kazi Hasan, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| Date: November 7, 2025 | |
| | /s/ Kazi Hasan |
| | Name: Kazi Hasan |
| | Title: Chief Financial Officer |
| | (Principal Financial Officer) |

---

<br>