# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000077543
**File Stem:** 0000077543-23-000009
**Filing Date:** 2023-3
**Character Count:** 101465
**Document Hash:** 28a1f02edb75139958dc7ed1f917fd2e
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0000077543-23-000009.hdr.sgml**: 20230310

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0000077543-23-000009

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 8-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 42

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20230308

**ITEM INFORMATION**: Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20230310

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20230310

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** TUTOR PERINI CORP
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000077543
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS - NONRESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS [1540]
- **IRS NUMBER:** 041717070
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** MA
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 8-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-06314
- **FILM NUMBER:** 23724216

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 15901 OLDEN STREET
- **CITY:** SYLMAR
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 91342
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 818-362-8391

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 15901 OLDEN STREET
- **CITY:** SYLMAR
- **STATE:** CA
- **ZIP:** 91342

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** TUTOR PERINI Corp
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20090529

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** PERINI CORP
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19920703

?xml version="1.0" ? tpc-20230308

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**WASHINGTON, DC 20549** 

**FORM 8-K** 

**CURRENT REPORT**

**Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the**

**Securities Exchange Act of 1934**

**Date of report (Date of earliest event reported): March 8, 2023** 

**Tutor Perini Corporation** 

**(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)**

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Massachusetts** | **1-6314** | **04-1717070** |
| **(State or Other Jurisdiction<br>of Incorporation)** | **(Commission<br>File Number)** | **(IRS Employer<br>Identification No.)** |

---

**15901 Olden Street, Sylmar, California 91342-1093** 

**(Address of Principal Executive Offices, and Zip Code)**

(**818**) **362-8391** 

**(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)**

**None**

**(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)**

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

☐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

☐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

☐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
| Common Stock, $1.00 par value | TPC | The New York Stock Exchange |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| Emerging growth company | **☐** |
| If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. | **☐** |

---

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**Item 5.03.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year**

The Board of Directors (the "Board") of Tutor Perini Corporation (the "Company") periodically reviews the Board's and Company's governance documents, including the Company's bylaws. On March 8, 2023, the Company adopted and approved amended and restated bylaws (the "Amended and Restated By-Laws"), effective immediately. Among other things, the amendments effected by the Amended and Restated By-Laws:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Enhance procedural and disclosure requirements related to director nominations and proposals of other business (other than proposals to be included in the Company's proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act) submitted by stockholders, including to align with Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act, including, without limitation:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ Requiring director nomination notices or proposals of other business to be delivered within a window of 120 days and 90 days prior to the anniversary date of the preceding year's annual meeting;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ Requiring additional background information and disclosures regarding proposing stockholders, proposed nominees and proposals of other business, and clarifying that certain disclosure requirements applicable to stockholders that are entities also encompass individuals who directly or indirectly control such entities (but not passive investors in such entities);

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ Requiring any stockholder submitting a director nomination notice to make a representation as to whether such stockholder intends to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the Company's nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act and to provide evidence that such stockholder has complied with such requirements;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ Clarifying the Company's ability to disregard such nomination or proposal in the event such stockholder does not provide such information or comply with such solicitation requirements;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ Clarifying the timing for providing, updating and correcting information in connection with a stockholder's nomination notice or proposal of other business; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;◦ Limiting the number of director candidates a stockholder may nominate to the number of directors to be elected at the applicable annual or special meeting;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Clarify the procedural and disclosure requirements related to director nominations at a special meeting of stockholders, including requiring director nomination notices to be delivered by the later of (i) a window of 120 days and 90 days prior to the special meeting or (ii) the 10th day following the date the Company publicly discloses the special meeting date;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Require that a stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders use a proxy card color other than white, with the white proxy card being reserved for exclusive use by the Board; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• Incorporate certain administrative, ministerial, clarifying and conforming changes.

The foregoing description of the Amended and Restated By-Laws does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete text of the Amended and Restated By-Laws, a copy of which is filed with this report as Exhibit 3.1 and incorporated into this report by reference.

**Item 9.01.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Financial Statements and Exhibits**

(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Exhibits

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit Number** | **Description** |
| <u>[3.1](fourthamendedandrestated.htm)</u> | <u>[Fourth Amended and Restated By-Laws of Tutor Perini Corporation](fourthamendedandrestated.htm)</u> |
| 104 | The cover page from this Current Report on Form 8-K formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101). |

---

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**SIGNATURE**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | | **TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION** | **TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION** |
| Date: | March 10, 2023 | By*:* | /s/ Gary G. Smalley |
| | | Gary G. Smalley | Gary G. Smalley |
| | | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |

---

## Exhibit 3.1

![](fourthamendedandrestated001.jpg)

FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS OF TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION As amended through March 8, 2023 Exhibit 3.1

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;**Table of Contents** SECTION 1. Articles of Organization .............................................................................................1 SECTION 2. Shareholders ...............................................................................................................1 2.1 Annual Meeting .......................................................................................................1 2.2 Special Meeting in Place of Annual Meeting ..........................................................1 2.3 Special Meetings ......................................................................................................1 2.4 Place of Meetings .....................................................................................................1 2.5 Notice of Meetings ...................................................................................................1 2.6 Quorum of Shareholders ..........................................................................................2 2.7 Action by Vote .........................................................................................................2 2.8 Voting ......................................................................................................................2 2.9 Matters to be considered at Annual Meeting ...........................................................2 2.10 Action by Writing ....................................................................................................5 2.11 Proxies......................................................................................................................6 2.12 Postponement or Adjournment of Annual or Special Meeting ................................6 SECTION 3. Board of Directors ......................................................................................................6 3.1 Election, Number and Qualification ........................................................................6 3.2 Powers; Issuance of Stock .......................................................................................7 3.3 Committees ..............................................................................................................7 3.4 Meetings ...................................................................................................................7 3.5 Notice .......................................................................................................................8 3.6 Quorum ....................................................................................................................8 3.7 Action by Vote .........................................................................................................8 3.8 Action by Writing ....................................................................................................8 3.9 Nomination of Directors ..........................................................................................8 3.10 Lead Outside Director ............................................................................................12 SECTION 4. Officers and Agents .................................................................................................13 4.1 Enumeration and Qualification ..............................................................................13 4.2 Powers ....................................................................................................................13 4.3 Appointment ..........................................................................................................13 4.4 Tenure ....................................................................................................................13 4.5 Chairman of the Board, Vice-Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President .............................................................................................13

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.6 Vice Presidents .......................................................................................................14 4.7 Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers ........................................................................14 4.8 Secretary and Assistant Secretary ..........................................................................14 SECTION 5. Resignations and Removals .....................................................................................14 SECTION 6. Vacancies .................................................................................................................15 SECTION 7. Capital Stock ............................................................................................................15 7.1 Number and Par Value ...........................................................................................15 7.2 Fractional Shares ....................................................................................................15 7.3 Stock Certificates ...................................................................................................15 7.4 Uncertificated Shares .............................................................................................16 7.5 Loss of Certificates ................................................................................................16 SECTION 8. Transfer of Shares of Stock ......................................................................................16 8.1 Transfer on Books ..................................................................................................16 8.2 Record Holder ........................................................................................................16 8.3 Record Date ...........................................................................................................17 SECTION 9. Indemnification of Directors and Officers ...............................................................17 9.1 Actions, Suits and Proceedings ..............................................................................17 9.2 Settlements .............................................................................................................18 9.3 Notification and Defense of Claim ........................................................................18 9.4 Advance of Expenses .............................................................................................19 9.5 Partial Indemnity ....................................................................................................19 9.6 Rights Not Exclusive .............................................................................................19 9.7 Insurance ................................................................................................................19 9.8 Insurance Offset .....................................................................................................20 9.9 Amendment ............................................................................................................20 9.10 Mergers, etc ............................................................................................................20 9.11 Savings Clause .......................................................................................................20 9.12 Definitions..............................................................................................................20 SECTION 10. Corporate Records ..................................................................................................20 10.1 Records to be Kept .................................................................................................20 10.2 Inspection of Records by Shareholders ..................................................................21 10.3 Scope of Inspection Right ......................................................................................22

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10.4 Inspection of Records by Directors ........................................................................23 SECTION 11. Miscellaneous.........................................................................................................23 11.1 Corporate Seal ........................................................................................................23 11.2 Execution of Papers ...............................................................................................23 11.3 Voting of Securities ...............................................................................................23 11.4 Fiscal Year .............................................................................................................23 11.5 Control Share Acquisition......................................................................................23 SECTION 12. Amendments ..........................................................................................................23 SECTION 13. Manner of Notice ...................................................................................................24

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1 FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED BY-LAWS OF TUTOR PERINI CORPORATION As amended through March 8, 2023 SECTION 1. Articles of Organization These Fourth Amended and Restated By-Laws ("By-Laws") shall be subject to the provisions of the Articles of Organization of the corporation, as amended and in effect from time to time. SECTION 2. Shareholders 2.1 Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders shall be held within six (6) months after the end of the fiscal year of the corporation, at the hour, date and place which is fixed by the board of directors, the chairman of the board or the president. 2.2 Special Meeting in Place of Annual Meeting. If no annual meeting has been held in accordance with the foregoing provisions, a special meeting of the shareholders may be held in place thereof, and any action taken at such special meeting shall have the same force and effect as if taken at the annual meeting and in such case all references in these By-Laws to the annual meeting of the shareholders shall be deemed to refer to such special meeting. Any such special meeting shall be called as provided in Section 2.3. 2.3 Special Meetings. Special meetings of shareholders may be called by the chairman of the board, by the president or by the board of directors. Special meetings shall be called by the secretary, or in case of the death, absence, incapacity or refusal of the secretary, by any other officer, upon written application of one or more shareholders who hold at least twenty- five percent (25%) in interest of the capital stock entitled to vote at such meeting describing the purposes for which it is to be held. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of shareholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the corporation's notice of meeting. 2.4 Place of Meetings. Meetings of the shareholders may be held anywhere within the United States at such place as shall be fixed by the chairman of the board, the president or the directors. 2.5 Notice of Meetings. A written notice of each meeting of shareholders, stating the place, date and hour and the purposes of the meeting, shall be given no fewer than seven (7) but no more than sixty (60) days before the meeting to each shareholder entitled to vote thereat and to each shareholder who, by law, by the Articles of Organization or these By-Laws, is entitled to notice. All notices to shareholders shall conform to the requirements of Section 13 of these By- Laws. No notice of any meeting of shareholders need be given to a shareholder if a written waiver of notice, executed before or after the date and time specified in the notice by such shareholder or his attorney thereunto duly authorized, is filed with the records of the meeting.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2 2.6 Quorum of Shareholders. (a) Unless otherwise provided by law, or in the Articles of Organization, these By-Laws or, to the extent authorized by law, a resolution of the Board of Directors requiring satisfaction of a greater quorum requirement for any voting group, a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on a matter by a voting group constitutes a quorum of that voting group for action on that matter. As used in these By-Laws, a voting group includes all shares of one or more classes or series that, under the Articles of Organization or the Massachusetts Business Corporation Act, as in effect from time to time (the "MBCA"), are entitled to vote and to be counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of shareholders. (b) A share once represented for any purpose at a meeting is deemed present for quorum purposes of the remainder of the meeting and for any adjournment of that meeting unless (1) the shareholder attends solely to object to lack of notice, defective notice or the conduct of the meeting on other grounds and does not vote the shares or otherwise consent that they are to be deemed present, or (2) in the case of an adjournment, a new record date is or shall be set for that adjourned meeting 2.7 Action by Vote. If a quorum of a voting group exists, favorable action on a matter, other than the election of a member of the Board of Directors, is taken by a voting group if the votes cast within the group favoring the action exceed the votes cast opposing the action, unless a greater number of affirmative votes is required by law, the Articles of Organization, these By-Laws or, to the extent authorized by law, a resolution of the Board of Directors requiring receipt of a greater affirmative vote of the shareholders, including more separate voting groups. If a quorum of a voting group exists, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the shares entitled to vote in the election. 2.8 Voting. Except as provided in this Section 2.8 or unless the Articles of Organization provide otherwise, each outstanding share, regardless of class, is entitled to one vote on each matter voted on at a shareholders' meeting. Only shares are entitled to vote, and each fractional share, if any, is entitled to a proportional vote. Absent special circumstances, the shares of the corporation are not entitled to vote if they are owned, directly or indirectly, by another entity of which the corporation owns, directly or indirectly, a majority of the voting interests; provided, however, that nothing in these By-Laws shall limit the power of the corporation to vote any shares held by it, directly or indirectly, in a fiduciary capacity. Unless the Articles of Organization provide otherwise, redeemable shares are not entitled to vote after notice of redemption is given to the holders and a sum sufficient to redeem the shares has been deposited with a bank, trust company or other financial institution under an irrevocable obligation to pay the holders the redemption price upon surrender of the shares. 2.9 Notice of Shareholder Business Other Than Nominations. (a) At an annual meeting of shareholders, only such proposals of business other than nominations shall be acted upon, as shall have been properly brought before the annual meeting (i) pursuant to the corporation's notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (ii) by, or at the direction of, a majority of the board of directors or (iii) by any holder of record

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3 (both as of the time notice of such proposal is given by the shareholder as set forth below and as of the record date for the annual meeting in question) of any shares of the corporation's capital stock entitled to vote at such annual meeting who complies with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.9. For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing clause (iii) shall be the exclusive means for a shareholder to propose other business at an annual meeting of shareholders (other than a proposal included in the corporation's proxy statement pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")). (b) For a proposal of other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder pursuant to clause (iii) of the foregoing paragraph, the shareholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary of the corporation, such shareholder or his qualified representative must be present in person at the annual meeting and such business must be a proper subject for shareholder action. To be timely, a shareholder's notice must be received by the close of business at the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one-hundred twenty (120) days prior to the first anniversary of the immediately preceding annual meeting (the "Anniversary Date"); provided, however, that if the annual meeting in any year is scheduled to be held on a day which is more than thirty (30) days before or after the Anniversary Date, then notice by a shareholder to be timely must be received not later than the close of business on (i) on the twentieth (20th) day following the earlier of (A) the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting is given or (B) the day on which public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting is made, or (ii) if such date of notice or public disclosure occurs more than seventy-five (75) days prior to the scheduled date of such meeting, then the later of (A) the twentieth (20th) day following the first to occur of such notice or such public disclosure or (B) the seventy-fifth (75th) day prior to such scheduled date of such meeting. In no event shall an adjournment or recess of an annual meeting, or a postponement of an annual meeting for which notice of the meeting has already been given to shareholders or a public disclosure of the meeting date has already been made, commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a shareholder's notice as described above. A shareholder's notice to the secretary shall set forth: (A) as to each proposal of other business the shareholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting: (1) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, (2) the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, and (3) the text of the proposal (including the exact text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and, in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend these By-Laws, the exact text of the proposed amendment), and (B) as to the shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is being made, and if such shareholder or beneficial owner is an entity, as to each individual who is a director, executive officer, general partner or managing member of such entity or of any other entity that has or shares control of such entity (any such individual or entity, a "Shareholder Associated Person"): (1) the name and address of such shareholder, as they appear on the corporation's books, and of such beneficial owner, (2) the class and series and number of shares of stock of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned, beneficially or of record, by such shareholder, such beneficial owner and by any Shareholder Associated Person as of the date of the notice, (3) a description of any material interest of such shareholder, such beneficial owner and any Shareholder Associated Person in the business proposed to be brought before the annual meeting,

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4 (4) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, swaps, profit interests, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the shareholder's notice by, or on behalf of, such shareholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person, whether the instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount or value of outstanding shares of stock, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such shareholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person with respect to shares of stock of the corporation, (5) a description of (i) any plans or proposals which such shareholder, beneficial owner, if any, or Shareholder Associated Person may have with respect to securities of the corporation that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 4 of Exchange Act Schedule 13D and (ii) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the proposal of other business between or among such shareholder, beneficial owner, if any, or Shareholder Associated Person and any other person, including, without limitation, any agreements that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 5 or Item 6 of Exchange Act Schedule 13D, which description shall include, in addition to all other information, information identifying all parties thereto (in the case of either clause (i) or (ii), regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D is applicable), (6) any other information relating to such shareholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the business proposed pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, (7) a representation that such shareholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such other business before the meeting, (8) a representation that such shareholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person has complied, and will comply, with all applicable requirements of state law and the Exchange Act with respect to matters set forth in this Section 2.9, and (9) a representation whether such shareholder, such beneficial owner, any Shareholder Associated Person or any other participant (as defined in Item 4 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) intends or is part of a group that intends (i) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation's outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal and/or (ii) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from shareholders in support of such proposal. Not later than ten (10) days after the record date for the meeting, the information required by Items (A)(3) and (B)(1)-(6) of the prior sentence shall be supplemented by the shareholder giving the notice to provide updated information as of the record date. Notwithstanding anything in these By-Laws to the contrary, no business other than nomination of directors shall be conducted at any annual meeting of shareholders except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2.9. If the board of directors, or a designated committee thereof, determines that notice of any other business desired to be brought before an annual meeting was not made in accordance with the procedures of this Section 2.9, including whether a shareholder or beneficial owner provided all information within the time frames specified herein and complied with all representations required under this Section 2.9, such other business shall not be presented for action at the annual meeting in question, notwithstanding that votes and proxies in respect of any such other business have been received by the corporation.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5 Notwithstanding the procedure set forth in the preceding paragraph, if neither the board of directors nor such committee makes a determination as to the validity of any other business desired to be brought before the annual meeting as set forth above, the presiding officer of the annual meeting shall determine and declare at the annual meeting whether such business was made in accordance with the procedures of this Section 2.9. If the presiding officer determines that such business was not made in accordance with the procedures of this Section 2.9, he shall so declare at the annual meeting and such other business shall not be acted upon at the annual meeting, notwithstanding that votes and proxies in respect of any such other business have been received by the corporation. In furtherance and not by way of limitation of the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.9, unless otherwise required by law, or otherwise determined by the board of directors, any designated committee thereof or the presiding officer, if the shareholder (or a qualified representative of the shareholder) does not appear at the annual meeting of shareholders of the corporation to present the proposal of other business, any such other business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that votes and proxies in respect of any such other business may have been received by the corporation. (c) To be considered a qualified representative of a shareholder for purposes of these By-Laws, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such shareholder or authorized by a writing executed by such shareholder (or a reliable reproduction of the writing) delivered to the corporation prior to the making of such nomination or proposal of other business at such meeting (and in any event not fewer than ten (10) days before the meeting) stating that such person is authorized to act for such shareholder as proxy at the meeting of shareholders. For purposes of this Section 2.9 and Section 3.9, the "close of business" shall mean 6:00 p.m. local time at the principal executive offices of the corporation on any calendar day, whether or not the day is a business day, and a "public disclosure" shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or a comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. (d) Notwithstanding Section 13 of these By-Laws and unless the corporation elects otherwise, a shareholder's notice to the corporation of business desired to be brought before the annual meeting shall be in writing exclusively (and not in an electronic transmission) and shall be delivered exclusively by hand (including, without limitation, overnight courier service) or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, and the corporation shall not be required to accept delivery of any document not in such written form or so delivered. 2.10 Action by Writing. (a) Any action to be taken by shareholders may be taken without a meeting if all shareholders entitled to vote on the matter consent to the action by a writing filed with the records of the meetings of shareholders. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote at a meeting. The action shall be evidenced by one or more written consents that describe the action taken, are signed by all such shareholders, bear the date of the signatures of such shareholders, and are delivered to the corporation for inclusion with the records of meetings within 60 days of the earliest dated consent delivered to the corporation as required by this Section 2.10.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6 (b) If action is to be taken pursuant to the consent of voting shareholders without a meeting, the corporation, at least seven days before the action pursuant to the consent is taken, shall give notice, which complies in form with the requirements of Section 13 of these By-Laws, of the action to nonvoting shareholders in any case where such notice would be required by law if the action were to be taken pursuant to a vote by voting shareholders at a meeting. The notice shall contain, or be accompanied by, the same material that would have been required by law to be sent to shareholders in or with the notice of a meeting at which the action would have been submitted to the shareholders for approval. 2.11 Proxies. A shareholder may vote his or her shares in person or may appoint a proxy to vote or otherwise act for him or her by signing an appointment form, either personally or by his or her attorney-in-fact. An appointment of a proxy is effective when received by the secretary or other officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes. Unless otherwise provided in the appointment form, an appointment is valid for a period of 11 months from the date the shareholder signed the form or, if it is undated, from the date of its receipt by the officer or agent. An appointment of a proxy is revocable by the shareholder unless the appointment form conspicuously states that it is irrevocable and the appointment is coupled with an interest, as defined in the MBCA. An appointment made irrevocable is revoked when the interest with which it is coupled is extinguished. The death or incapacity of the shareholder appointing a proxy shall not affect the right of the corporation to accept the proxy's authority unless notice of the death or incapacity is received by the secretary or other officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes before the proxy exercises his or her authority under the appointment. A transferee for value of shares subject to an irrevocable appointment may revoke the appointment if he or she did not know of its existence when he or she acquired the shares and the existence of the irrevocable appointment was not noted conspicuously on the certificate representing the shares or on the information statement for shares without certificates. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.24 of the MBCA, or any successor Section thereto, and to any express limitation on the proxy's authority appearing on the face of the appointment form, the corporation is entitled to accept the proxy's vote or other action as that of the shareholder making the appointment. Any person directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from shareholders of the corporation must use a proxy card color other than white, the color white being reserved for the exclusive use of the board of directors of the corporation. 2.12 Postponement or Adjournment of Annual or Special Meeting. The board of directors acting by resolution may postpone and reschedule any previously scheduled annual or special meeting of shareholders. The presiding officer at all annual or special meetings of shareholders shall have the power, among other things, to adjourn such meeting at any time and from time to time, subject to Section 2.6. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of the shareholders shall be determined by the presiding officer. SECTION 3. Board of Directors 3.1 Election, Number and Qualification. (a) During any time that the corporation is subject to Section 8.06 of Chapter 156D of the Massachusetts General Laws ("Section 8.06"), (i) the number of directors (which

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8 such places and at such times as the directors may from time to time determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such determination shall be given to absent directors. Special meetings of the directors may be held at any time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting when called by the chairman of the board, the vice chairman of the board, the president, the treasurer or by the directors, notice thereof being given to each director by the secretary or an assistant secretary or by the officer or the directors calling the meeting. Directors may participate in meetings of the board of directors by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all directors participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting in accordance herewith shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. 3.5 Notice. It shall be sufficient notice to a director to send written notice at least forty-eight (48) hours before the meeting addressed to him at his usual or last known business or residence address or to give notice to him in person or by telephone or electronic transmission at least twenty-four (24) hours before the meeting. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any director if a written waiver of notice, executed by him before or after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting, or to any director who attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice to him. Neither notice of a meeting nor a waiver of a notice need specify the purposes of the meeting. 3.6 Quorum. At any meeting of the directors a majority of the directors then in office shall constitute a quorum. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice. 3.7 Action by Vote. If a quorum is present when a vote is taken, the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present is the act of the board of directors except when a larger vote is required by law, by the Articles of Organization or by these By-Laws. 3.8 Action by Writing. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the directors may be taken without a meeting if the action is taken by the unanimous consent of the members of the board of directors. The action must be evidenced by one or more consents describing the action taken, in writing, signed by each director, or delivered to the corporation by electronic transmission, to the address specified by the corporation for the purpose or, if no address has been specified, to the principal office of the corporation, addressed to the Secretary or other officer or agent having custody of the records of proceedings of directors, and included in the minutes or filed with the corporate records reflecting the action taken. Action taken under this Section 3.8 is effective when the last Director signs or delivers the consent, unless the consent specifies a different effective date. A consent signed or delivered under this Section 3.8 has the effect of a meeting vote and may be described as such in any document. 3.9 Nomination of Directors. (a) Nominations of candidates for election as directors of the corporation at any annual meeting of shareholders may be made (i) pursuant to the corporation's notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (ii) by, or at the direction of, a majority of the board of

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9 directors or (iii) by any holder of record (both as of the time notice of such nomination is given by the shareholder as set forth below and as of the record date for the annual meeting in question) of any shares of the corporation's capital stock entitled to vote at such meeting who complies with the procedures set forth in this Section 3.9. Any shareholder who seeks to make such a nomination, or his qualified representative, must be present in person at the annual meeting. Only persons nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 3.9 shall be eligible for election as directors at an annual meeting of shareholders and the foregoing clause (iii) shall be the exclusive means for a shareholder to make nominations at an annual meeting of shareholders. (b) For nominations to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder pursuant to clause (iii) of the foregoing paragraph, nominations shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the secretary of the corporation as set forth in this Section 3.9. To be timely, a shareholder's notice shall be received by the secretary of the corporation by the close of business at the principal executive offices of the corporation not less than ninety (90) days nor more than one-hundred twenty (120) days prior to the Anniversary Date; provided, however, that if the annual meeting in any year is scheduled to be held on a day which is more than thirty (30) days before or after the Anniversary Date then notice by a shareholder to be timely must be received not later than the close of business on (a) the twentieth (20th) day following the earlier of (i) the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting is given or (ii) the day on which public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting is made, or (b) if such date of notice or public disclosure occurs more than seventy-five (75) days prior to the scheduled date of such meeting, then the later of (i) the twentieth (20th) day following the first to occur of such notice or such public disclosure or (ii) the seventy-fifth (75th) day prior to such scheduled date of such meeting. In no event shall an adjournment or recess of an annual meeting, or a postponement of an annual meeting for which notice of the meeting has already been given to shareholders or a public disclosure of the meeting date has already been made, commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a shareholder's notice as described above. The number of nominees a shareholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting (or in the case of a shareholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a shareholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such annual meeting. A shareholder's notice to the secretary shall set forth: (A) as to each proposed nominee (1) such person's name, age, business address and, if known, residence address, (2) such person's principal occupation or employment, (3) the class and series and number of shares of stock of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned, beneficially or of record, by such person, (4) a written representation and agreement, which shall be signed by the person proposed to be nominated and pursuant to which such person shall represent and agree that such person: (i) consents to being named as a nominee in a proxy statement and form of proxy relating to the meeting at which directors are to be elected and to serving as a director if elected, and currently intends to serve as a director for the full term for which such person is standing for election, (ii) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity: (x) as to how the person, if elected as a director, will act or vote on any issue or question, except as disclosed in such

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10 representation and agreement, or (y) that could limit or interfere with the person's ability to comply, if elected as a director, with such person's fiduciary duties under applicable law, (iii) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director or nominee, except as disclosed in such representation and agreement, and (iv) if elected as a director, will comply with all of the corporation's corporate governance policies and guidelines related to conflict of interest, confidentiality, stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines, and any other policies and guidelines applicable to directors (which will be promptly provided following a request therefor), (5) a completed and signed questionnaire in the same form required of the corporation's director nominees (which shareholder shall provide simultaneously with such notice and which form will be promptly provided following a request therefor), and (6) any other information concerning such person that must be disclosed as to nominees in proxy solicitations pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act; and (B) as to the shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made and any Shareholder Associated Person (1) the name and address of such shareholder, as they appear on the corporation's books, and of such beneficial owner, (2) the class and series and number of shares of stock of the corporation that, directly or indirectly, are owned, beneficially or of record, by such shareholder and such beneficial owner and any Shareholder Associated Person, (3) a description of any material interest related to the nomination of such shareholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person, (4) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any derivative or short positions, swaps, profit interests, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the shareholder's notice by, or on behalf of, such shareholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person, whether the instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount or value of outstanding shares of stock, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such shareholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person with respect to shares of stock of the corporation, (5) a description of (i) any plans or proposals which such shareholder, beneficial owner, if any, or Shareholder Associated Person may have with respect to securities of the corporation that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 4 of Exchange Act Schedule 13D and (ii) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the nomination between or among such shareholder, beneficial owner, if any, or Shareholder Associated Person and any other person, including, without limitation any agreements that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 5 or Item 6 of Exchange Act Schedule 13D, which description shall include, in addition to all other information, information identifying all parties thereto (in the case of either clause (i) or (ii), regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D is applicable), (6) any other information relating to such shareholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, (7) a representation that such shareholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the person(s) named in its notice, (8) a representation that

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11 such shareholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person has complied, and will comply, with all applicable requirements of state law and the Exchange Act with respect to matters set forth in this Section 3.9, and (9) a representation whether (i) such shareholder, such beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group that intends to engage in such solicitation in accordance with Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act and (ii) promptly after soliciting the shareholders referred to in the representation required under the foregoing clause (9)(i), and no later than the tenth (10th) day before such meeting of shareholders, such shareholder or beneficial owner will provide the corporation with documents, which may take the form of a certified statement and documentation from a proxy solicitor, specifically demonstrating that the necessary steps have been taken to deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of such percentage of the corporation's stock. Not later than ten (10) days after the record date for the meeting, the information required by Items (A)(1)- (6) and (B)(1)-(6) of the prior sentence shall be supplemented by the shareholder giving the notice to provide updated information as of the record date. The corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as the corporation may reasonably require, including to determine, among other things, the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the corporation or whether such nominee would be independent under applicable SEC and stock exchange rules and the corporation's publicly disclosed Corporate Governance Guidelines. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, a shareholder shall not have complied with this Section 3.9(b) if the shareholder, beneficial owner and/or any Shareholder Associated Person solicits or does not solicit, as the case may be, proxies or votes in support of such shareholder's nominee in contravention of the representations with respect thereto required by this Section 3.9(b). No person shall be elected by the shareholders as a director of the corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 3.9. If the board of directors, or a designated committee thereof, determines that any shareholder nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures of this Section 3.9, including if a proposed nominee, shareholder or beneficial owner did not provide all information within the time frames specified herein, did not comply with all representations required under this Section 3.9 or did not comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act, such nomination shall not be considered at the annual meeting in question, notwithstanding that votes and proxies in respect of any such nomination have been received by the corporation. If any information or communication submitted pursuant to this Section 3.9 is inaccurate or incomplete in any material respect (as determined by the board of directors (or any designated committee thereof)), such information shall be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 3.9. Notwithstanding the procedure set forth in the preceding paragraph, if neither the board of directors nor such committee makes a determination as to the validity of any nominations by a shareholder as set forth above, the presiding officer of the annual meeting shall determine and declare at the annual meeting whether a nomination was made in accordance with the procedures of this Section 3.9 (including compliance with the requirements of Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act). If the presiding officer determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures of this Section 3.9, he shall so declare at the annual meeting and such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that votes and proxies in respect of any such nomination have been received by the corporation. In furtherance and not by way of

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12 limitation of the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.9, if the shareholder (or a qualified representative of the shareholder) does not appear at the annual or special meeting of shareholders of the corporation to present a nomination, any such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that votes and proxies in respect of any such nomination may have been received by the corporation. (c) Nominations of persons for election to the board of directors may be made at a special meeting of shareholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the corporation's notice of meeting: (i) by, or at the direction of, a majority of the board of directors, (ii) provided that the board of directors has determined that one or more directors are to be elected at such meeting, by any holder of record (both as of the time notice of such nomination is given by the shareholder as set forth in this Section 3.9(c) and as of the record date for the special meeting in question) of any shares of the corporation's capital stock entitled to vote at such meeting who complies with the procedures set forth in Section 3.9(b) above or (iii) in the case of a shareholder-requested special meeting, by any shareholder of the corporation pursuant to Section 2.3. In the event the corporation calls a special meeting of shareholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the board of directors, any shareholder entitled to vote in such election of directors may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s) as specified in the corporation's notice of meeting, if the notice required by this Section 3.9(c) shall be received at the principal executive offices of the corporation not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the date on which public disclosure of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the board of directors to be elected at such meeting is first made by the corporation. The number of nominees a shareholder may nominate for election at the special meeting (or in the case of a shareholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a shareholder may nominate for election at the special meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such special meeting. In no event shall an adjournment, recess or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a shareholder's notice as described above. (d) Notwithstanding Section 13 of these By-Laws and unless the corporation elects otherwise, a shareholder's notice to the corporation of nominations shall be in writing exclusively (and not in an electronic transmission) and shall be delivered exclusively by hand (including, without limitation, overnight courier service) or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, and the corporation shall not be required to accept delivery of any document not in such written form or so delivered. 3.10 Lead Outside Director. The board of directors shall include a lead outside director. The lead outside director shall be an independent director and shall be elected by a majority of the independent directors. The lead outside director shall have such duties and powers as shall be determined from time to time by the board of directors.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;13 SECTION 4. Officers and Agents 4.1 Enumeration and Qualification. The officers of the corporation shall be a chief executive officer, a chairman of the board, a president, a treasurer, a secretary and such other officers, including a vice-chairman of the board and one or more vice-presidents, as the directors from time to time may in their discretion elect or appoint. The corporation may also have such agents as the directors from time to time may in their discretion appoint. The president, the chairman of the board and the vice-chairman of the board, if any, shall be elected from the board of directors, but need not be shareholders. No other officer need be a director or shareholder. Any two (2) or more offices may be held in the same person. Any officer may be required by the directors to give bond for the faithful performance of his duties to the corporation in such amount and with such sureties as the directors may determine. 4.2 Powers. Subject to law, to the Articles of Organization and to the other provisions of these By-Laws, each officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers herein set forth, such duties and powers as are commonly incident to his office and such duties and powers as the directors may from time to time designate. 4.3 Appointment. The chairman of the board, the president, the treasurer and the secretary shall be appointed annually by the directors at their first meeting following the annual meeting of the shareholders. All other officers shall be appointed from time to time as the directors may in their discretion determine. 4.4 Tenure. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Organization or by these By-Laws, the chairman of the board, the president, the treasurer and the secretary shall hold office until the first meeting of the directors following the next annual meeting of the shareholders and until their respective successors are chosen and qualified, and each other officer shall hold office until the first meeting of the directors following the next annual meeting of the shareholders unless a shorter period shall have been specified by the terms of his appointment, or in each case until he sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Each agent shall retain his authority at the pleasure of the directors. 4.5 Chairman of the Board, Vice-Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President. The chairman of the board shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the directors at which he is present. The vice-chairman of the board, if there is such a position, shall, in the absence of the chairman of the board, preside at all meetings of the shareholders and of the directors at which he is present. The chairman and vice-chairman shall each advise with and make his counsel available to the other officers of the corporation and each shall have such other duties and powers as shall be prescribed from time to time by the directors. The chief executive officer shall, subject to the direction of the directors, have general charge of the property and business of the corporation and of all operations, shall employ and remove at pleasure and fix the duties and compensation of managers, agents, salesmen, secretaries, workmen and other subordinate employees of the corporation, and shall have such other duties and powers as shall be prescribed from time to time by the directors.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;14 The president, subject to the direction of the directors and of the chairman of the board, shall direct and supervise the administration of the business and affairs of the corporation and shall have such other duties and powers as shall be prescribed from time to time by the directors. 4.6 Vice Presidents. The vice presidents shall have such duties and powers as shall be prescribed for them respectively from time to time by the directors or by the chief executive officer. The directors or the chief executive officer may from time to time designate one (1) or more vice presidents as executive vice president, financial vice president, administrative vice president, senior vice president, or otherwise, or may otherwise fix or indicate the order of their rank, and, in their or his discretion, may from time to time change or revoke any such designation. In the event of the death or disability of the president, the vice president designated by the directors or the chief executive officer, or in the absence of such designation, the vice presidents in the order of their rank, shall perform all the duties of the president, and when so acting shall have all the powers of the president. 4.7 Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. The treasurer shall, subject to the direction and under the supervision of the board of directors, have general charge of the financial concerns of the corporation and of its funds and valuable papers, and shall have such other duties and powers as may be prescribed from time to time by the directors or the chief executive officer. The treasurer shall report to the directors but in the ordinary conduct of the company's business shall be under the supervision of the chief executive officer or such other officer as the directors from time to time may determine. Any assistant treasurers shall have such duties and powers as shall be prescribed from time to time by the directors, the chief executive officer or the treasurer, and shall be responsible to and shall report to the treasurer. 4.8 Secretary and Assistant Secretary. The secretary shall keep a true record of all proceedings of the shareholders and the directors. In the absence of the secretary from any meeting of shareholders or directors, an assistant secretary, or if there be none or he is absent, a temporary secretary chosen at the meeting, shall record the proceedings thereof. Unless a transfer agent has been appointed, the secretary shall keep or cause to be kept the transfer records of the corporation, which shall contain the names and record addresses of all shareholders and the amount of stock held by each. Any assistant secretary shall have such duties and powers as shall be prescribed from time to time by the directors. SECTION 5. Resignations and Removals Any director or officer may resign at any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the president, the treasurer or the secretary or to a meeting of the directors. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time. A director (including persons elected by directors to fill vacancies in the board) may be removed from office only (a) if Section 8.06 is then applicable to the corporation, for cause by the shareholders by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares outstanding and entitled to vote in the election of directors or with or without cause by vote of a majority of the directors then in office or (b) if Section 8.06 is not then applicable to the corporation, with or without cause by vote of the

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15 holders of a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, or for cause by vote of a majority of the directors then in office. The directors may remove any officer appointed by them with or without cause by the vote of a majority of the directors then in office. A director or officer may be removed for cause only after reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard before the body proposing to remove him. No director or officer resigning and (except where a right to receive compensation shall be expressly provided in a duly authorized written agreement with the corporation) no director or officer removed, shall have any right to any compensation as such director or officer for any period following his resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal, whether his compensation be by the month or by the year or otherwise unless in the case of a resignation, the directors, or in the case of a removal, the body acting on the removal, shall in their or its discretion provide for compensation. SECTION 6. Vacancies Any vacancy in the board of directors, including a vacancy resulting from the enlargement of the board, may be filled (a) if Section 8.06 is then applicable to the corporation, only by the directors by vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the board, and (b) if Section 8.06 is not then applicable to the corporation, by the shareholders or, in the absence of shareholder action, by the directors by vote of a majority of the directors then in office. Each successor shall hold office for the unexpired term, and in the case of the president, the treasurer and the secretary, until his successor is chosen and qualified, or in each case until he sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. The directors shall have and may exercise all their powers notwithstanding the existence of one or more vacancies in their number. SECTION 7. Capital Stock 7.1 Number and Par Value. The total number of shares and the par value, if any, of each class of stock which the corporation is authorized to issue shall be stated in the Articles of Organization. 7.2 Fractional Shares. The corporation may issue fractional shares and may issue in lieu thereof scrip in registered or bearer form which shall entitle the holder to receive a certificate for a full share or an uncertificated share upon surrender of such scrip aggregating a full share. The terms and conditions and manner of issue of such scrip shall be fixed by the directors. 7.3 Stock Certificates. Each shareholder shall be entitled to a certificate stating the number and the class and the designation of the series, if any, of the shares held by him, in such form as shall be prescribed from time to time by the directors; provided, however, that pursuant to Section 7.4 of these By-Laws, the board of directors may provide that some or all of the shares of any or all of the corporation's classes or series shall be uncertificated shares, in which case the holders of such shares will not be entitled to certificates with respect to such shares, unless a holder requests a certificate with respect to such shares. If shares are represented by certificates,

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16 at a minimum each share certificate shall state on its face: (a) the name of the corporation and that it is organized under the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, (b) the name of the person to whom issued, and (c) the number and class of shares and the designation of the series, if any, the certificate represents, or any other items required by law. If different classes of shares or different series within a class are authorized, then the variations in rights, preferences and limitations applicable to each class and series, and the authority of the board of directors to determine variations for any future class or series, must be summarized on the front or back of each certificate. Alternatively, each certificate may state conspicuously on its front or back that the corporation will furnish the shareholder this information on request in writing and without charge. Such certificate shall be signed by the president or a vice president and by the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or any two officers designated by the board of directors. Such signatures may be facsimiles if the certificate is signed by a transfer agent or by a registrar, other than a director, officer or employee of the corporation. In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on such certificate shall have ceased to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer at the time of its issue. 7.4 Uncertificated Shares. The board of directors may authorize the issuance of some or all of the shares of any or all of the corporation's classes or series without certificates. The authorization shall not affect shares already represented by certificates until such certificates are surrendered to the corporation. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of shares without certificates, the corporation shall send the shareholder any written statement of information required by Chapter 156D of the General Laws of Massachusetts. 7.5 Loss of Certificates. In the case of the alleged loss or destruction or the mutilation of a certificate of stock, a duplicate certificate or uncertificated shares may be issued in place thereof, upon such terms as the directors may prescribe. SECTION 8. Transfer of Shares of Stock 8.1 Transfer on Books. Subject to the restrictions, if any, stated or noted on the stock certificates or in the case of uncertificated shares, on any written statement of information pertaining to such shares required by Chapter 156D of the General Laws of Massachusetts, shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the corporation (a) in the case of shares represented by certificates, by the surrender to the corporation or its transfer agent of the certificates therefor properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment and power of attorney properly executed, with necessary transfer stamps affixed, and with such proof of the authenticity of signature as the directors or the transfer agent of the corporation may reasonably require, or (b) in the case of uncertificated shares, by delivery of duly executed instructions or in any other manner the corporation may specify. 8.2 Record Holder. Except as may be otherwise required by law, the Articles of Organization or by these By-Laws, the corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to receive notice and to vote with respect thereto, regardless of any

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;17 transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock, until the shares have been transferred on the books of the corporation in accordance with the requirements of these By-Laws. It shall be the duty of each shareholder to notify the corporation of his post office address. 8.3 Record Date. The Board of Directors may fix the record date in order to determine the shareholders entitled to notice of a shareholders' meeting, to demand a special meeting, to vote or to take any other action. If a record date for a specific action is not fixed by the Board of Directors, and is not supplied by law, the record date shall be (a) the close of business either on the day before the first notice is sent to shareholders, or, if no notice is sent, on the day before the meeting or (b) in the case of action without a meeting by written consent, the date the first shareholder signs the consent or (c) for purposes of determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting of shareholders, the date the first shareholder signs the demand or (d) for purposes of determining shareholders entitled to a distribution, other than one involving a purchase, redemption or other acquisition of the corporation's shares, the date the Board of Directors authorizes the distribution. A record date fixed under this Section 8.3 may not be more than 70 days before the meeting or action requiring a determination of shareholders. A determination of shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a shareholders' meeting is effective for any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board of Directors fixes a new record date, which it shall do if the meeting is adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the date fixed for the original meeting. SECTION 9. Indemnification of Directors and Officers 9.1 Actions, Suits and Proceedings. Except as otherwise provided below, the corporation shall, to the fullest extent authorized by Chapter 156D of the Massachusetts General Laws, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment either (i) permits the corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than such laws permitted prior to such amendment or (ii) prohibits or limits any of the indemnification rights previously set forth in such laws), indemnify each person who is, or shall have been, a director or officer of the corporation or who is or was a director or employee of the corporation and is serving, or shall have served, at the request of the corporation, as a director or officer of another organization or in any capacity with respect to any employee benefit plan of the corporation, against all liabilities and expenses (including judgments, fines, penalties, amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, and reasonable attorneys' fees) imposed upon or incurred by any such person (the "Indemnitee") in connection with, or arising out of, the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, in which he may be a defendant or with which he may be threatened or otherwise involved, directly or indirectly, by reason of his being or having been such a director or officer or as a result of his serving or having served with respect to any such employee benefit plan; provided, however, that the corporation shall provide no indemnification with respect to any matter as to which any such Indemnitee shall be finally adjudicated in such action, suit or proceeding not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was (i) in the best interests of the corporation or (ii) to the extent such matter relates to service with respect to

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;18 an employee benefit plan, in the best interests of the participants or beneficiaries of such employee benefit plan. 9.2 Settlements. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article shall include the right to be paid by the corporation for liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with the settlement or compromise of any such action, suit or proceeding, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise, unless a determination is made, within 45 days after receipt by the corporation of a written request by the Indemnitee for indemnification, that such settlement or compromise is not in the best interests of the corporation or, to the extent such matter relates to service with respect to an employee benefit plan, that such settlement or compromise is not in the best interests of the participants or beneficiaries of such plan. Any such determination shall be made (i) by the Board of Directors of the corporation by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of disinterested directors, or (ii) if such quorum is not obtainable, by a majority of the disinterested directors of the corporation then in office. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if there are less than two disinterested directors then in office, the Board of Directors shall promptly direct that independent legal counsel (who may be regular legal counsel to the corporation) determine, based on facts known to such counsel at such time, whether such Indemnitee acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interests of the corporation or the participants or beneficiaries of any such employee benefit plan, as the case may be; and, in such event, indemnification shall be made to such Indemnitee unless, within 45 days after receipt by the corporation of the request by such Indemnitee for indemnification, such independent legal counsel in a written opinion to the corporation determines that such Indemnitee did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interests of the corporation or the participants or beneficiaries of any such employee benefit plan, as the case may be. 9.3 Notification and Defense of Claim. As a condition precedent to his right to be indemnified, the Indemnitee must give to the corporation notice in writing as soon as practicable of any action, suit or proceeding involving him for which indemnity will or could be sought. With respect to any action, suit or proceeding of which the corporation is so notified, the corporation will be entitled to participate therein at its own expense and/or to assume the defense thereof at its own expense, with legal counsel reasonably acceptable to such Indemnitee. After notice from the corporation to the Indemnitee of its election so to assume such defense, the corporation shall not be liable to such Indemnitee for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with such claim, but the fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from the corporation of its assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of the Indemnitee unless (i) the employment of counsel by the Indemnitee has been authorized by the corporation, (ii) counsel to the Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest or position on any significant issue between the corporation and the Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such action or (iii) the corporation shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such action, in each of which cases, the fees and expenses of counsel for the Indemnitee shall be at the expense of the corporation, except as otherwise expressly provided by this Article. The corporation shall not be entitled to assume the defense of any claim brought by or on behalf of the corporation or as to which counsel for the Indemnitee shall have reasonably made the conclusion provided for in (ii) above.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;19 9.4 Advance of Expenses. Subject to Section 9.3 above, the right to indemnification conferred in this Article shall include the right to be paid by the corporation for reasonable expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding in advance of its final disposition, subject to receipt from the Indemnitee of (i) a written affirmation of his good faith belief that he has met the relevant standard of conduct for indemnification or that the proceeding involves conduct for which liability has been eliminated under a provision of the corporation's Articles of Organization as authorized by clause (4) of subsection (b) of Section 2.02 of the MBCA; and (ii) his written undertaking to repay any funds advanced if he is not entitled to mandatory indemnification under section 8.52 of the MBCA and it is ultimately determined under section 8.54 or section 8.55 that he has not met the relevant standard of conduct described in section 8.51. Such repayment undertaking must be an unlimited general obligation of the Indemnitee but need not be secured and may be accepted without reference to the financial ability of such Indemnitee to make such repayment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no advance shall be made by the corporation under this Section 9.4 if a determination is reasonably and promptly made by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of disinterested directors or, if such quorum is not obtainable, by a majority of the disinterested directors of the corporation then in office or, if there are not at least two disinterested directors then in office, by independent legal counsel (who may be regular legal counsel to the corporation) in a written opinion that, based on facts known to the Board or counsel at such time, such Indemnitee did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interests of the corporation or the participants or beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan of the corporation, as the case may be. 9.5 Partial Indemnity. If an Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Article to indemnification by the corporation for some or a portion of the liabilities or expenses imposed upon or incurred by such Indemnitee in the investigation, defense, appeal or settlement of any action, suit or proceeding but not, however, for the total amount thereof, the corporation shall nevertheless indemnify the Indemnitee for the portion of such liabilities or expenses to which such Indemnitee is entitled. 9.6 Rights Not Exclusive. The right to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred in this Article shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Articles of Organization, By-Laws, agreement, vote of stockholders or directors or otherwise. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the corporation, acting through its Board of Directors, may enter into agreements with any director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation providing for indemnification rights equivalent to or greater than the indemnification rights set forth in this Article. 9.7 Insurance. The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director or officer of the corporation or who, while a director or officer of the corporation, serves at the corporation's request as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent of another domestic or foreign corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other entity, against any expense or liability incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of the status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense or liability under Chapter 156D of the Massachusetts General laws.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;20 9.8 Insurance Offset. The corporation's obligation to provide indemnification under this Article shall be offset to the extent of any other source of indemnification or any otherwise applicable insurance coverage under a policy maintained by the corporation or any other person. 9.9 Amendment. Without the consent of a person entitled to the indemnification and other rights provided in this Article (unless otherwise required by Chapter 156D of the Massachusetts General Laws), no amendment modifying or terminating such rights shall adversely affect such person's rights under this Article with respect to the period prior to such Amendment. 9.10 Mergers, etc. If the corporation is merged into or consolidated with another corporation and the corporation is not the surviving corporation, or if substantially all of the assets of the corporation are acquired by any other corporation, or in the event of any other similar reorganization involving the corporation, the Board of Directors of the corporation or the board of directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the corporation shall assume the obligations of the corporation under this Article, through the date of such merger, consolidation, sale or reorganization, with respect to each person who is entitled to indemnification rights under this Article as of such date. 9.11 Savings Clause. If this Article or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each Indemnitee as to any liabilities and expenses with respect to any action, suit or proceeding to the full extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article that shall not have been invalidated and to the full extent permitted by applicable law. 9.12 Definitions. As used in this Article, the term "director", "officer" and "person" include their respective heirs, executors, administrators, and legal representatives, and an "interested" director is one against whom in such capacity the proceedings in question or another proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then pending. SECTION 10. Corporate Records 10.1 Records to be Kept. (a) The corporation shall keep as permanent records minutes of all meetings of its shareholders and board of directors, a record of all actions taken by the shareholders or board of directors without a meeting, and a record of all actions taken by a committee of the board of directors in place of the board of directors on behalf of the corporation. The corporation shall maintain appropriate accounting records. The corporation or its agent shall maintain a record of its shareholders, in a form that permits preparation of a list of the names and addresses of all shareholders, in alphabetical order by class of shares showing the number and class of shares held by each. The corporation shall maintain its records in written form or in another form capable of conversion into written form within a reasonable time

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;21 (b) The corporation shall keep within the Commonwealth of Massachusetts a copy of the following records at its principal office or an office of its transfer agent or of its secretary or assistant secretary or of its registered agent: (i) its Articles or restated Articles of Organization and all amendments to them currently in effect; (ii) its by-laws or restated by-laws and all amendments to them currently in effect; (iii) resolutions adopted by its board of directors creating one or more classes or series of shares, and fixing their relative rights, preferences, and limitations, if shares issued pursuant to those resolutions are outstanding; (iv) the minutes of all shareholders' meetings, and records of all action taken by shareholders without a meeting, for the past three (3) years; (v) all written communications to shareholders generally within the past three (3) years, including the financial statements furnished under Section 16.20 of Chapter 156D of the Massachusetts General Laws for the past three (3) years; (vi) a list of the names and business addresses of its current directors and officers; and (vii) its most recent annual report delivered to the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 10.2 Inspection of Records by Shareholders. (a) A shareholder is entitled to inspect and copy, during regular business hours at the office where they are maintained pursuant to Section 10.1(b), copies of any of the records of the corporation described in said Section if he or she gives the corporation written notice of his or her demand at least five (5) business days before the date on which he or she wishes to inspect and copy. (b) A shareholder is entitled to inspect and copy, during regular business hours at a reasonable location specified by the corporation, any of the following records of the corporation if the shareholder meets the requirements of subsection (c) of this Section 10.2 and gives the corporation written notice of his or her demand at least five (5) business days before the date on which he or she wishes to inspect and copy: (i) excerpts from minutes reflecting action taken at any meeting of the board of directors, records of any action of a committee of the board of directors while acting in place of the board of directors on behalf of the corporation, minutes of any meeting of the shareholders, and records of action taken by the shareholders or board of directors without a meeting, to the extent not subject to inspection under subsection (a) of this Section 10.2;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;22 (ii) accounting records of the corporation, but if the financial statements of the corporation are audited by a certified public accountant, inspection shall be limited to the financial statements and the supporting schedules reasonably necessary to verify any line item on those statements; and (iii) the record of shareholders described in Section 10.1(a). (c) A shareholder may inspect and copy the records described in Section 10.2(b) only if: (i) his or her demand is made in good faith and for a proper purpose; (ii) he or she describes with reasonable particularity his or her purpose and the records he or she desires to inspect; (iii) the records are directly connected with his or her purpose; and (iv) the corporation shall not have determined in good faith that disclosure of the records sought would adversely affect the corporation in the conduct of its business or constitute material non-public information at the time when the shareholder's notice of demand to inspect and copy is received by the corporation. (d) For purposes of this Section 10.2, "shareholder" includes a beneficial owner whose shares are held in a voting trust or by a nominee on his or her behalf. 10.3 Scope of Inspection Right. (a) A shareholder's agent or attorney has the same inspection and copying rights as the shareholder represented. (b) The corporation may, if reasonable, satisfy the right of a shareholder to copy records under Section 10.2 by furnishing to the shareholder copies by photocopy or other means chosen by the corporation including copies furnished through an electronic transmission. (c) The corporation may impose a reasonable charge, covering the costs of labor, material, transmission and delivery, for copies of any documents provided to the shareholder. The charge may not exceed the estimated cost of production, reproduction, transmission or delivery of the records. (d) The corporation may comply, at its expense, with a shareholder's demand to inspect the record of shareholders under Section 10.2(b)(iii) by providing the shareholder with a list of shareholders that was compiled no earlier than the date of the shareholder's demand. (e) The corporation may impose reasonable restrictions on the use or distribution of records by the demanding shareholder.

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;23 10.4 Inspection of Records by Directors. A director is entitled to inspect and copy the books, records and documents of the corporation at any reasonable time to the extent reasonably related to the performance of the director's duties as a director, including duties as a member of a committee, but not for any other purpose or in any manner that would violate any duty to the corporation. SECTION 11. Miscellaneous 11.1 Corporate Seal. The seal of the corporation shall, subject to alteration by the directors, consist of a flat faced circular die with the words "Massachusetts" and "Corporate Seal", together with the name of the corporation and the year of its organization, cut or engraved thereon. 11.2 Execution of Papers. Except as the directors may generally or in particular cases authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, all deeds, leases, transfers, contracts, bonds, notes, checks, drafts and other obligations made, accepted or endorsed by the corporation shall be signed by the chief executive officer. 11.3 Voting of Securities. Unless otherwise provided by the board of directors, the chairman of the board, president or treasurer each may waive notice of and act on behalf of this corporation, or appoint another person or persons to act as proxy or attorney-in-fact for this corporation with or without discretionary power and/or power of substitution, at any meeting of shareholders or stockholders of any other corporation or organization, any of whose securities are held by this corporation. 11.4 Fiscal Year. Except as from time to time provided by the board of directors, the fiscal year of the corporation shall end on the 31st day of December. 11.5 Control Share Acquisition. Until such time as this Section 11.5 shall be repealed or these By-Laws shall otherwise be amended to provide otherwise, in each case in accordance with Section 12 of these By-Laws, the provisions of Chapter 110D of the Massachusetts General Laws ("Chapter 110D") shall not apply to "control share acquisitions" of the corporation within the meaning of Chapter 110D. SECTION 12. Amendments These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed at any annual or special meeting of the shareholders called for the purpose by vote of the shareholders entitled to vote on the matter of the proposed alteration, amendment or repeal, and the sections to be affected thereby. If authorized by the Articles of Organization, these By-Laws may also be altered, amended or repealed by vote of the majority of the directors then in office, except that the directors shall not amend the By-Laws in a manner which: (a) Alters or abolishes any preferential right of stock of a series with shares already outstanding;

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;24 (b) Creates, alters or abolishes any right in respect of redemption of stock of a series with shares already outstanding; (c) Creates or alters any restriction on transfer applicable to stock of a series with shares already outstanding; (d) Excludes or limits the right of a shareholder of a series with shares already outstanding to vote on a matter; (e) Alters the provisions for indemnification of directors or affects the powers of directors or officers to contract with the corporation. Any by-law so altered, amended or repealed by the directors may be further altered or amended or reinstated by the shareholders in the above manner. SECTION 13. Manner of Notice All notices provided for under these By-laws shall conform to the following requirements: (a) Notice shall be in writing unless oral notice is reasonable under the circumstances. Notice by electronic transmission is written notice. (b) Notice may be communicated in person; by telephone, voice mail, telegraph, teletype, or other electronic means; by mail; by electronic transmission; or by messenger or delivery service. If these forms of personal notice are impracticable, notice may be communicated by a newspaper of general circulation in the area where published; or by radio, television, or other form of public broadcast communication. (c) Written notice, other than notice by electronic transmission, by a domestic or foreign corporation to any of its shareholders, if in a comprehensible form, is effective upon deposit in the United States mail, if mailed postpaid and correctly addressed to the shareholder's address shown in the corporation's current record of shareholders. (d) Written notice by electronic transmission by a domestic or foreign corporation to any of its shareholders, if in comprehensible form, is effective: (1) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number furnished by the shareholder for the purpose; (2) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address furnished by the shareholder for the purpose; (3) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the shareholder of such specific posting, directed to an electronic mail address furnished by the shareholder for the purpose, upon the later of (i) such posting and (ii) the giving of such separate notice; and

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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;25 (4) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the shareholder in such manner as the shareholder shall have specified to the corporation. An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary of the corporation, the transfer agent or other agent of the corporation that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. (e) Written notice, including notice by electronic transmission, to a domestic or foreign corporation, authorized to transact business in the commonwealth, may be addressed to its registered agent at its registered office or to the corporation at its principal office shown in its most recent annual report or, in the case of a foreign corporation that has not yet delivered an annual report, in its application for a certificate of qualification. (f) Except as provided in subsection (c), written notice, other than notice by electronic transmission, if in a comprehensible form, is effective at the earliest of the following: (1) when received; (2) five days after its deposit in the United States mail, if mailed postpaid and correctly addressed; (3) on the date shown on the return receipt, if sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested; or if sent by messenger or delivery service, on the date shown on the return receipt signed by or on behalf of the addressee; or (4) on the date of publication if notice by publication is permitted. (g) Oral notice is effective when communicated if communicated in a comprehensible manner.

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