# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0000806968
**File Stem:** 0000806968-25-000008
**Filing Date:** 2025-8
**Character Count:** 87957
**Document Hash:** 2993e205e33cc46746f66444f3f55a27
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0000806968-25-000008.hdr.sgml**: 20250807

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0000806968-25-000008

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 6-K

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 60

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20250630

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20250807

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20250807

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** WPP plc
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0000806968
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** SERVICES-ADVERTISING AGENCIES [7311]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 07 Trade & Services
- **EIN:** 000000000
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 6-K
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-38303
- **FILM NUMBER:** 251191412

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** SEA CONTAINERS
- **STREET 2:** 18 UPPER GROUND
- **CITY:** LONDON
- **STATE:** X0
- **ZIP:** SE1 9GL
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 440 20 7282 4600

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** SEA CONTAINERS
- **STREET 2:** 18 UPPER GROUND
- **CITY:** LONDON
- **STATE:** X0
- **ZIP:** SE1 9GL

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** WPP GROUP PLC
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 19960514

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? wpp-20250630

**UNITED STATES**

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549**

**__________________________**

**FORM 6-K**

__________________________

**Report of Foreign Private Issuer**

**Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16**

**under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934**

**For the Month of August 2025**

**Commission File Number: 001-38303**

__________________________

**WPP plc**

**(Translation of registrant's name into English)**

__________________________

**Sea Containers, 18 Upper Ground London, United Kingdom, SE1 9GL**

**(Address of principal executive offices)**

__________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:

Form 20-F ⌧&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Form 40-F □

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**Explanatory Note**

WPP plc ("the Company") and certain of its subsidiaries, including WPP Finance 2010, WPP 2005 Limited and WPP Jubilee Limited, may from time to time file registration statements for the registration of securities that may from time to time be offered by WPP Finance 2010 or other subsidiaries of the Company with guarantees of WPP plc, WPP 2005 Limited and WPP Jubilee Limited and, to the extent so indicated in an applicable prospectus supplement or otherwise established following the offer and sale of a series of debt securities, guarantees of other entities. The Company is furnishing this report on Form 6-K for the purpose of presenting its results for the six months ended 30 June 2025 in a format that can be incorporated by reference into any such registration statement.

**Forward-Looking Statements**

The Company may include forward-looking statements (including as defined in the U.S Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) in oral or written public statements issued by or on behalf of the Company. These forward-looking statements may include, among other things, plans, objectives, beliefs, intentions, strategies, projections and anticipated future economic performance based on assumptions and the like that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as 'aim', 'anticipate', 'believe', 'estimate', 'expect', 'forecast', 'guidance', 'intend', 'may', 'will', 'should', 'potential', 'possible', 'predict', 'project', 'plan', 'target', and other words and similar references to future periods but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. As such, all forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to future events and circumstances that are beyond the control of the Company. Actual results or outcomes may differ materially from those discussed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made, as a prediction of actual results or otherwise. Important factors which may cause actual results to differ include but are not limited to: unanticipated loss of a material client or key personnel; delays, suspensions or reductions in client advertising budgets; shifts in industry rates of compensation; regulatory compliance costs or litigation; changes in competitive factors in the industries in which we operate and demand for our products and services; changes in client advertising, marketing and corporate communications requirements; our inability to realise the future anticipated benefits of acquisitions; failure to realise our assumptions regarding goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets; natural disasters or acts of terrorism; the Company's ability to attract new clients; the economic and geopolitical impact of the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East; the risk of global economic downturn; slower growth, increasing interest rates and high and sustained inflation; tariffs and other trade barriers; supply chain issues affecting the distribution of our clients' products; technological changes and risks to the security of IT and operational infrastructure, systems, data and information resulting from increased threat of cyber and other attacks; effectively managing the risks, challenges and efficiencies presented by using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Generative AI technologies and partnerships in our business; risks related to our environmental, social, and governance goals and initiatives, including impacts from regulators and other stakeholders, and the impact of factors outside of our control on such goals and initiatives; the Company's exposure to changes in the values of other major currencies (because a substantial portion of its revenues are derived and costs incurred outside of the UK); and the overall level of economic activity in the Company's major markets (which varies depending on, among other things, regional, national and international political and economic conditions and government regulations in the world's advertising markets). In addition, you should consider the risks described in Item 3D, captioned "Risk Factors", in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, which could also cause actual results to differ from forward-looking information. In light of these and other uncertainties, the forward-looking statements included in this document should not be regarded as a representation by the Company that the Company's plans and objectives will be achieved. Neither the Company, nor any of its directors, officers or employees, provides any representation, assurance or guarantee that the occurrence of any events anticipated, expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements will actually occur. Other than in accordance with its legal or regulatory obligations (including under the Market Abuse Regulation, the UK Listing Rules and the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority), the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any such forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

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| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit No.** | **Description** | **Description** |
| 1 | <u>[Operating and Financial Review for the period ended 30 June 2025](wppjune20256kex-1.htm)</u> | <u>[Operating and Financial Review for the period ended 30 June 2025](wppjune20256kex-1.htm)</u> |
| 2 | <u>[Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements of WPP plc](wpp-20250630_d2.htm)</u> | <u>[Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements of WPP plc](wpp-20250630_d2.htm)</u> |
|  | (i) | Unaudited condensed consolidated interim income statement for the six months ended 30 June 2025 and 2024 |
|  | (ii) | Unaudited condensed consolidated interim statement of comprehensive (loss)/income for the six months ended 30 June 2025 and 2024 |
|  | (iii) | Unaudited condensed consolidated interim cash flow statement for the six months ended 30 June 2025 and 2024 |
|  | (iv) | Unaudited condensed consolidated interim balance sheet as at 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024 |
|  | (v) | Unaudited condensed consolidated interim statement of changes in equity for the six months ended 30 June 2025 and 2024 |
|  | (vi) | Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements |
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document\* | Inline XBRL Instance Document\* |
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Linkbase Document\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Linkbase Document\* |
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document\* |
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document\* |
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document\* |
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document\* |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)\* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)\* |
| \* Filed herewith&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | \* Filed herewith&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | \* Filed herewith&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |

---

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | WPP PLC | WPP PLC |
| | (Registrant) | (Registrant) |
| Date: 7 August 2025 | By: | /s/ Balbir Kelly-Bisla |
|  |  | Balbir Kelly-Bisla |
|  |  | Company Secretary |

---

## Ex-1

**Exhibit 1**

**Operating and Financial Review for the period ended 30 June 2025**

**Six months ended June 2025 compared with six months ended June 2024**

Certain Non-GAAP measures included in this business overview and in the operating and financial review and prospects have been derived from amounts calculated in accordance with IFRS but are not themselves IFRS measures. They should not be viewed in isolation as alternatives to the equivalent IFRS measure, rather they should be read in conjunction with the equivalent IFRS measure. These include constant currency, like-for-like ("LFL"), headline operating profit, headline operating profit margin, headline PBIT (Profit Before Interest and Taxation), headline PBT (Profit Before Taxation), revenue less pass-through costs, adjusted operating cash flow, adjusted free cash flow, adjusted net cash flow, adjusted net debt and average adjusted net debt, share of profit before interest and taxation of associates, share of adjusting items of associates, share of interest and non-controlling interests of associates, and share of taxation of associates, which we define, explain the use of and reconcile to the nearest IFRS measures as relevant. Refer to the Non-GAAP information section of Exhibit 1 of this Form 6-K.

Management believes that these measures are both useful and necessary to present herein because they are used by management for internal performance analyses; the presentation of these measures facilitates comparability with other companies, although management's measures may not be calculated in the same way as similarly titled measures reported by other companies; and these measures are useful in connection with discussions with the investment community.

In the calculation of headline measures, judgement is required by management in determining which items are considered to be large, unusual and non-recurring that are to be excluded.

The exclusion of certain adjusting items may result in headline measures being materially higher or lower than reported earnings, for example when significant impairments or restructuring charges are excluded but the related benefits are included within headline measures. Headline measures should not be considered in isolation as they provide additional information to aid the understanding of the Group's financial performance.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "Company", "Group", "Registrant", "we", "us", or "our" as used herein shall also mean WPP.

**First half overview**

**Introduction**

The Group has had a challenging first half given the pressures on client spending and slower new business environment. However, we have made significant progress on the repositioning of WPP Media, simplifying its organisational model to reduce costs and increase effectiveness. Meanwhile, the acquisition of InfoSum, the launch of Open Intelligence and the continued adoption of WPP Open all strengthen our data and technology capabilities.

The Board is declaring an interim dividend of 7.5p ahead of a review of the strategy and future capital allocation policy. The priority is to drive sustainable growth supported by an appropriate level of financial flexibility while balancing returns to shareholders.

WPP has enormous strengths in creativity and media, technology and AI, talented people, deep client relationships and unmatched global reach. Our continued investment in AI is expected to be a key benefit to our clients and our people in the future.

**Delivering on strategic priorities for 2025** 

**Improving the competitiveness of WPP Media**

WPP Media's performance during the course of the first half reflects the continued impact of client losses and a challenging macro environment. During the second quarter, however, we have seen significant progress on the implementation of the plan laid out by Brian Lesser at the preliminary results announcement in February. Operationally, with the launch of Open Intelligence and supported by the acquisition of InfoSum, WPP Media is well advanced on its plan to create the next generation of AI-enhanced data and marketing solutions for clients, delivered through the industry's most powerful and secure infrastructure. In addition, action taken in the second quarter to make WPP Media's organisational model more client-centric gives greater flexibility for reinvestment and allows us to focus our resources on continuing to improve our competitive proposition and on our client success.

------

**Further adoption of WPP Open**

AI, data and technology are central to the way we serve our clients and continues to drive increased scope of work with existing clients. It is also supporting our new business activity. Usage of WPP Open continues to grow, with c.85% of our client-facing staff using the platform in June (up from c.60% in March).

**New business**

Amid lower levels of activity at a market level, H1 wins include Electronic Arts, Hisense and Hero Motocorp in Media, L'Oréal and Samsung in Influencer, TK Maxx and Honda in PR and Generali, IKEA and Heineken in Creative/Commerce.

**Cost discipline enabling investment in WPP Open, AI and data**

In addition to the annualisation of structural cost savings and a continued focus on back-office efficiency, we are also taking a proactive approach to managing our flexible cost base. Headcount since the start of the year was down 3.7%, broadly in line with the like-for-like (LFL) revenue decline and we expect the severance action taken in the second quarter alone to generate £150m+ of annualised gross cost savings from 2026. We continue to prioritise investment in WPP Open, AI and data, including the integration of new AI tools into WPP Open, driving day-to-day productivity improvements for our people.

**Review of Group results from operations**

***Revenue***

Revenue was down by 7.8% at £6,663m in the first half of 2025, compared to £7,227m in the first half of 2024. Net changes from acquisitions and disposals had a negative impact of 3.0% on growth, leading to a like-for-like performance, excluding the impact of currency and acquisitions, of -2.4%. In the second quarter, revenue was down 10.4% (Q1 2025: -5.0%) and like-for-like revenue was down 4.0% (Q1 2025: -0.7%) primarily as a result of macro uncertainty weighing heavily on client spend.

***Costs of services, general and administrative costs***

Costs of services decreased by 5.8% in the first half of 2025 to £5,826m from £6,187m in the first half of 2024. General and administrative costs decreased by 0.2% in the first half of 2025 to £616m from £617m in the first half of 2024.

***Operating profit***

Reported operating profit was £221m (H1 2024: £423m) at a reported operating profit margin of 3.3% (H1 2024: 5.9%) with the decrease primarily due to the factors detailed above. Reported operating profit includes goodwill impairment charges of £116m (H1 2024: £nil), amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets of £32m (H1 2024: £57m) and restructuring costs of £45m (H1 2024: £153m). The prior period also included £23m of impairment of investments in associates.

The restructuring costs represent a decrease of £108m from the prior year, consistent with the expected ramp down shared at the 2024 Capital Markets day.

Headline operating profit was £412m (H1 2024: £646m), with a headline operating profit margin of 8.2% (H1 2024: 11.5%).

Staff costs of £3,685m were down 7.5% compared to the prior period (H1 2024: £3,985m), representing lower headcount as a result of the actions we have taken to mitigate the top-line decline in H1, lower incentives and our restructuring initiatives, which has more than offset wage inflation and severance costs in the period, which were £86m (H1 2024: £36m).

Incentives of £59m were down 60.1% compared to the prior period (H1 2024: £148m) due to business performance against annual incentive targets and the disposal of FGS Global.

The average number of people in the Group in the first half was 106,000 compared to 113,000 in H1 2024. The total number of people as at 30 June 2025 was 104,000 compared to 111,000 as at 30 June 2024.

Establishment costs of £219m were down 9.5% compared to the prior period (H1 2024: £242m) driven by the ongoing benefits from the campus programme and consolidation of leases, the benefit from the prior year FGS disposal in H2 2024 and a favourable FX impact. IT costs of £340m were broadly flat supported by our continuing investment in WPP Open, AI and data. Personal costs of £98m were down 4.9% driven by savings in travel and entertainment, and other operating expenses of £272m were down 3.5%, driven by lower commercial and office costs.

------

***Net finance costs***

Net finance costs, defined as finance and investment income less finance cost (including the revaluation and retranslation of financial instruments), were £140m (H1 2024: £101m), including net expense of £11m (H1 2024: net income £35m) relating to the revaluation and retranslation of financial instruments.

***Tax***

The effective tax rate was 28.6% (H1 2024: 27.2%). The net increase in the tax rate is primarily driven by non-deductible goodwill impairment which has been partially offset by the benefit of credits from the successful resolution of a tax matter.

***Earnings per share ("EPS") and dividend***

Reported diluted EPS was 4.0p (H1 2024: 18.8p), a decrease of 78.7% due to lower operating profit, higher net finance costs and a higher reported effective tax rate.

For 2025, the Board is declaring an interim dividend of 7.5p (H1 2024: 15.0p). The record date for the interim dividend is 10 October 2025, and the dividend will be payable on 3 November 2025.

**Reportable segments review**

The following tables give details of revenue and revenue less pass-through costs by reportable segment, as well as applicable percentage changes from the corresponding prior year periods, for the second quarter and first half of 2025. Headline operating profit and headline operating profit margin by reportable segment for the first half of 2025 are also provided below.

*Revenue analysis*

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three**<br>**months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Reported**<br>**change**<br>**three months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**% | **Like-for-like**<br>**change**<br>**three months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**% | **Six months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Reported**<br>**change six**<br>**months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**% | **Like-for-like**<br>**change six**<br>**months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025%**<br> |
| Global Integrated Agencies | 3024 | (6.6)% | (3.9)% | 5871 | (4.0)% | (2.2)% |
| Public Relations | 176 | (43.4)% | (9.3)% | 351 | (41.6)% | (7.8)% |
| Specialist Agencies | 220 | (17.3)% | (0.5)% | 441 | (13.4)% | (0.5)% |
| **Total Group** | 3420 | (10.4)% | (4.0)% | 6663 | (7.8)% | (2.4)% |

---

*Revenue less pass-through costs*<sup>1</sup> *analysis*

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three**<br>**months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Reported**<br>**change**<br>**three months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**% | **Like-for-like**<br>**change**<br>**three months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**% | **Six months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Reported**<br>**change six**<br>**months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**% | **Like-for-like**<br>**change six**<br>**months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025%**<br> |
| Global Integrated Agencies | 2183 | (8.7)% | (6.0)% | 4302 | (6.4)% | (4.5)% |
| Public Relations | 168 | (42.7)% | (7.8)% | 335 | (41.0)% | (7.2)% |
| Specialist Agencies | 193 | (15.0)% | (1.9)% | 389 | (10.8)% | (0.4)% |

---

**Note**

<sup>1</sup>Revenue less pass-through costs is revenue less media and other pass-through costs. Pass-through costs comprise fees paid to external suppliers where they are engaged to perform part or all of a specific project and are charged directly to clients, predominantly media costs. See note 3 to the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, which appears in Exhibit 2, for more details of the pass-through costs.

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*Headline operating profit analysis*

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| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Headline operating profit**<br>**six months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Headline**<br>**operating profit**<br>**margin**<sup>1</sup><br>**six months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025%**<br> | **Headline**<br>**operating profit**<br>**six months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2024**<br>**£m** | **Headline**<br>**operating profit**<br>**margin**<sup>1</sup><br>**six months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2024%**<br> |
| Global Integrated Agencies | 352 | 8.2% | 551 | 12.0% |
| Public Relations | 39 | 11.6% | 80 | 14.1% |
| Specialist Agencies | 21 | 5.4% | 15 | 3.4% |
| **Total Group** | **412** | 8.2% | **646** | 11.5% |

---

**Note**

<sup>1</sup>Headline operating profit as a percentage of revenue less pass-through costs.

***Global Integrated Agencies:*** WPP Media saw a LFL decline in revenue less pass-through costs of 2.9% in H1 (Q2: -4.7%) impacted by cuts in client spending as well as the impact of one-off factors in Q2. Cuts to client spending and lower net new business, including the ramping down of a Q1 client loss particularly weighed on Q2 LFL.

Other Global Integrated Agencies declined 5.8% (Q2: -7.2%) as a result of lower overall client spending, particularly at Ogilvy which declined high single digits in the first half. There was also continuing pressure on project-based work which weighed on our agencies, albeit both AKQA and Grey saw a slight sequential quarterly improvement on easier comparisons. VML and Hogarth performed relatively better in the first half (down low single-digits and broadly flat, respectively), benefiting from recent new business wins.

***Public Relations:*** In Q2, Burson saw a broadly similar trend to Q1 with LFL revenue less pass-through costs down mid to high single digit as the business continued to face a challenging environment for client discretionary spending, in particular in Europe. We are however encouraged by improved new business momentum in H1, in particular in the US.

***Specialist Agencies:*** Overall, Specialist Agencies was broadly flat, with H1 LFL revenue less pass-through costs declining 0.4%, with a Q2 decline of 1.9%. Landor and a number of our smaller specialist agencies, continued to be affected by the macro environment and further delays in project-based spending, particularly in Q2. However, CMI Media Group, our specialist healthcare media planning and buying agency, continued to grow strongly in H1, building on double-digit growth in 2024. Encouragingly, Design Bridge and Partners returned to growth in Q2.

**Regional review**

The following tables give details of revenue and revenue less pass-through costs by region, as well as applicable percentage changes from the corresponding prior year periods, for the second quarter and first half of 2025. Headline operating profit by region is provided in note 3 of Exhibit 2.

*Revenue analysis*

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | <br>**Three months**<br>**ended 30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Reported**<br>**change**<br>**three months**<br>**ended 30 June 2025**% | **Like-for-like**<br>**change**<br>**three months**<br>**ended 30 June 2025**% | **Six months**<br>**ended 30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Reported**<br>**change**<br>**six months**<br>**ended 30 June 2025**% | **Like-for-like**<br>**change** <br>**six months**<br>**ended 30 June 2025**% |
| N. America | 1279 | (12.8)% | (2.8)% | 2537 | (8.8)% | (1.1)% |
| United Kingdom | 517 | (5.0)% | (6.6)% | 1011 | (4.4)% | (6.2)% |
| W. Cont. Europe | 713 | (6.4)% | (1.1)% | 1351 | (7.3)% | (1.0)% |
| AP, LA, AME, CEE<sup>1</sup> | 911 | (12.6)% | (6.2)% | 1764 | (8.6)% | (3.1)% |
| **Total Group** | **3420** | **(10.4)%** | **(4.0)%** | **6663** | **(7.8)%** | **(2.4)%** |

---

**Note**

<sup>1</sup>Asia Pacific, Latin America, Africa & Middle East and Central & Eastern Europe.

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*Revenue less pass-through costs*<sup>1</sup> *analysis*

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| | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Three**<br>**months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Reported**<br>**change**<br>**three months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**% | **Like-for-like**<br>**change**<br>**three months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**% | **Six months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Reported**<br>**change**<br>**six months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**% | **Like-for-like**<br>**change**<br>**six months**<br>**ended**<br>**30 June 2025**% |
| N. America | 974 | (15.5)% | (4.6)% | 1966 | (10.9)% | (2.4)% |
| United Kingdom | 381 | (3.8)% | (6.5)% | 749 | (3.9)% | (6.0)% |
| W. Cont. Europe | 534 | (12.2)% | (6.5)% | 1021 | (12.3)% | (5.5)% |
| AP, LA, AME, CEE<sup>2</sup> | 655 | (13.4)% | (6.8)% | 1290 | (11.0)% | (5.4)% |

---

**Notes**

<sup>1</sup>See note 3 to the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, which appears in Exhibit 2, for more details of the pass-through costs.

<sup>2</sup>Asia Pacific, Latin America, Africa & Middle East and Central & Eastern Europe.

**North America** declined by 2.4% in H1 2025, driven by a Q2 decline of 4.6% reflecting a quarter-on-quarter deterioration against a tougher Q2 comparison (Q2 2024: +2.0%) and the ramp down of a Q1 client loss. This was partially offset by a resumption of growth in Healthcare and a robust performance in Government. VML saw broadly flat H1 growth, while Ogilvy and AKQA suffered cuts in client spend.

The **United Kingdom** declined 6.0% in H1 2025, with Q2 seeing a 6.5% decline despite an easing comparison (Q2 2024: -5.3%). Ogilvy grew in H1 benefiting from new business, offset by declines in other agencies. The UK saw pressure in Telecom, Media & Entertainment, reflecting client losses.

**Western Continental Europe** also remained weak against an easier comparison, down 5.5% in H1 2025 and 6.5% in Q2. France and Italy saw mid-to-high single-digit declines, reflecting the continuing impact of macroeconomic pressures weighing on client spending and the impact of one-off factors. Germany declined 3.2% in H1, however with a sequential improvement in trend (Q2: -1.6%).

**Rest of World** declined 5.4% in H1. India remained flat (+0.1%) against a tough comparison (H1 2024: +8.1%), impacted by the timing of sporting events, but this was offset by a decline of 16.6% in China on client assignment losses and persistent macroeconomic pressures. There were also declines in Latin America (-2.7%) and Middle East & Africa (-2.6%). Central & Eastern Europe, meanwhile, continued to grow (+2.2%).

***Cash Flow and Balance Sheet***

The Group's unaudited condensed consolidated interim cash flow statement, balance sheet and notes as at 30 June 2025 are provided in Exhibit 2.

Reported net cash outflow from operating activities increased to £1,036m (H1 2024: £540m outflow) due to the decrease in reported operating profit and a larger working capital outflow.

In the first half of 2025, operating profit was £221 million (H1 2024: £423 million), depreciation and amortisation was £235 million (H1 2024: £262 million), impairment charges included within adjusting items were £5 million (H1 2024: £4 million), non-cash share-based incentive charges were £41 million (H1 2024: £56 million), goodwill impairment was £116 million (H1 2024: nil), impairment of investments in associates were nil (H1 2024: £23 million), contingent consideration liability payments were £15 million (H1 2024: £25 million), working capital and provisions outflow was £1,348 million (H1 2024: £1,056 million), net interest paid was £93 million (H1 2024: £49 million), tax paid was £168 million (H1 2024: £168 million), principal and interest elements of lease repayments were £170 million (H1 2024: £187 million), capital expenditure was £88 million (H1 2024: £107 million) and other net cash outflows were £8 million (H1 2024: £21 million). Adjusted free cash flow was, therefore, an outflow of £1,272 million (H1 2024: £845 million).

Adjusted operating cash outflow was £985 million (H1 2024: £587 million). The main drivers of the larger cash outflow year on year was the decrease in headline operating profit and a larger working capital outflow, £292 million higher than the prior period, which was partially offset by a decrease in non-headline cash costs to £35 million (H1 2024: £144 million). Working capital was a net outflow of £1,348m (H1 2024: £1,056m) and reflects the usual seasonality of client activity and timing of payments. Non-headline cash items includes £40m of cash restructuring and transformation costs offset by £5m of investment income received. The decrease from the prior period is driven by the ramp down of the previously announced structural cost saving programs and lower spend on our IT transformation.

------

Adjusted free cash outflow was £1,272 million, higher than prior period (H1 2024: £845 million) due to the higher adjusted operating cash outflow and higher net interest payments. Adjusted net cash outflow of £1,491 million was higher than the prior period (H1 2024: £898 million) due to higher net initial acquisition payments, mainly for the InfoSum acquisition, and higher share purchases compared to the prior period.

As at 30 June 2025, the Group had total equity of £3,408m (31 December 2024: £3,734m).

Non-current assets of £11,543m decreased by £305m (31 December 2024: £11,848m), primarily driven by lower goodwill due to impairment charges recognised in H1 2025.

Current assets of £11,851m decreased by £1,810m (31 December 2024: £13,661m). The decrease principally relates to a decrease in cash and cash equivalents of £1,201m, and trade and other receivables which decreased by £356m to £7,366m.

Current liabilities of £13,760m decreased by £1,756m (31 December 2024: £15,516m). The decrease principally relates to trade and other payables which decreased by £1,989m, partially offset by a net increase in current borrowings of £352m. The increase in current borrowings is due to an increase in short-term financing offset by the repayment of €500m of 1.375% bonds which matured March 2025.

The decrease in both trade and other receivables and trade and other payables is primarily due to the seasonality of client activity and timing of payments, with the movement from December consistent with prior years.

Non-current liabilities of £6,226m (31 December 2024: £6,259m) remained broadly flat.

Recognised within total equity, other comprehensive loss of £304m (H1 2024: £62m loss) for the period includes a £359m loss (H1 2024: £37m loss) for foreign exchange differences on translation of foreign operations, and an £88m gain (H1 2024: £18m loss) on the Group's net investment hedges.

**Summarised financial information about Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities**

As at 30 June 2025, WPP Finance 2010 had in issue $93 million ($28 million was repaid in 2018 and $179 million was repaid in 2019 from the $300 million initially issued) of 5.125% bonds due September 2042 with WPP plc as parent guarantor and WPP Air 1 Limited, WPP 2008 Limited, WPP 2005 Limited, WPP 2012 Limited and WPP Jubilee Limited as subsidiary guarantors.

In the event that WPP Finance 2010 fails to pay the holders of the securities, thereby requiring WPP plc, WPP Air 1 Limited, WPP 2008 Limited, WPP 2005 Limited, WPP 2012 Limited or WPP Jubilee Limited to make payment pursuant to the terms of their full and unconditional, and joint and several guarantee of those securities, there is no impediment to WPP plc, WPP Air 1 Limited, WPP 2008 Limited, WPP 2005 Limited, WPP 2012 Limited or WPP Jubilee Limited obtaining reimbursement for any such payments from WPP Finance 2010.

**Summarised income statement information for WPP Finance 2010 (issuer), WPP plc and Subsidiary Guarantors**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the**<br>**six months ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **For the**<br>**year ended**<br>**31 December 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Revenue** |  |  |
| Costs of services |  |  |
| **Gross profit** |  |  |
| Administrative income due from non-guarantors | 120 | 223 |
| Earnings from associates - after interest and tax |  |  |
| Finance and investment income from non-guarantors | 105 | 237 |
| Finance costs to non-guarantors | (372) | (779) |
| **Loss for the period** | (187) | (706) |

---

------

**Summarised balance sheet information for WPP Finance 2010 (issuer), WPP plc and Subsidiary Guarantors**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **At 30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **At 31 December 2024**<br>**£m** |
| Non-current assets (excluding amounts due from Non-Guarantors) | 390 | 396 |
| Current assets (excluding amounts due from Non-Guarantors) | 84 | 72 |
| Current liabilities (excluding amounts due to Non-Guarantors) | (105) | (153) |
| Non-Current liabilities (excluding amounts due to Non-Guarantors) | (447) | (479) |
| Payables due to Non-Guarantors<sup>1</sup> | (10058) | (9840) |

---

**Note**

<sup>1</sup> This balance includes amounts due from and amounts due to non-guarantors and is being presented on a net basis for presentational purposes.

As at 30 June 2025, WPP Finance 2010 had in issue $220 million ($50 million was repaid in 2018 and $230 million was repaid in 2019 from the $500 million initially issued) of 5.625% bonds due November 2043, with WPP plc as parent guarantor and WPP Jubilee Limited and WPP 2005 Limited as subsidiary guarantors.

In September 2024, WPP Finance 2010 fully repaid $750 million of 3.750% bonds, also guaranteed by WPP plc, WPP Jubilee Limited and WPP 2005 Limited.

In the event that WPP Finance 2010 fails to pay the holders of the securities, thereby requiring WPP plc, WPP Jubilee Limited or WPP 2005 Limited to make payment pursuant to the terms of their full and unconditional, and joint and several guarantee of those securities, there is no impediment to WPP plc, WPP Jubilee Limited or WPP 2005 Limited obtaining reimbursement for any such payments from WPP Finance 2010.

**Summarised income statement information for WPP Finance 2010 (issuer), WPP plc and Subsidiary Guarantors**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **For the**<br>**six months ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **For the**<br>**year ended**<br>**31 December 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Revenue** |  |  |
| Costs of services |  |  |
| **Gross profit** |  |  |
| Administrative income due from non-guarantors | 120 | 223 |
| Earnings from associates - after interest and tax |  |  |
| Finance and investment income from non-guarantors | 105 | 237 |
| Finance costs to non-guarantors | (372) | (779) |
| **Loss for the period** | (187) | (706) |

---

**Summarised balance sheet information for WPP Finance 2010 (issuer), WPP plc and Subsidiary Guarantors**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **At 30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **At 31 December 2024**<br>**£m** |
| Non-current assets (excluding amounts due from Non-Guarantors) | 390 | 396 |
| Current assets (excluding amounts due from Non-Guarantors) | 84 | 72 |
| Current liabilities (excluding amounts due to Non-Guarantors) | (105) | (153) |
| Non-Current liabilities (excluding amounts due to Non-Guarantors) | (447) | (479) |
| Payables due to Non-Guarantors<sup>1</sup> | (10058) | (9840) |

---

**Note**

<sup>1</sup> This balance includes amounts due from and amounts due to non-guarantors and is being presented on a net basis for presentational purposes.

The issuer and guarantors of the bonds (the issuer and subsidiary guarantors are 100% owned by WPP plc) are consolidated subsidiaries of WPP plc and are each subject to the reporting requirements under section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The summarised financial information for WPP Finance 2010 and the guarantors is presented on a combined basis with intercompany balances and transactions between the entities in the issuer and guarantors group eliminated. The Group has applied the recognition and measurement principles of IFRS as issued by the IASB in preparing the summarised financial information and is intended to provide investors with meaningful financial information, and is provided pursuant to Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X which allows for alternative financial disclosures or narrative disclosures in lieu of the separate financial statements of WPP Finance 2010 and the guarantors. The financial information presented is that of the issuers and guarantors of the guaranteed security, and the financial information of non-issuer and non-guarantor subsidiaries has been excluded.

------

**NON-GAAP INFORMATION**

As introduced on page 1, the following are the Group's Non-GAAP performance measures.

The Group presents alternative performance measures, including constant currency, like-for-like, headline operating profit, headline operating profit margin, headline profit before interest and tax, headline profit before tax, revenue less pass-through costs, adjusted net debt and average adjusted net debt, adjusted operating cash flow, adjusted free cash flow, adjusted net cash flow, share of profit before interest and taxation of associates, share of adjusting items of associates, share of interest and non-controlling interests of associates, and share of taxation of associates. They are used by management for internal performance analyses. The presentation of these measures facilitates comparability with other companies, although management's measures may not be calculated in the same way as similarly titled measures reported by other companies, and these measures are useful in connection with discussions with the investment community.

In the calculation of headline measures, judgment is required by management in determining which items are considered to be large, unusual and non-recurring to be excluded.

The exclusion of certain adjusting items may result in headline measures being materially higher or lower than reported earnings, for example when significant impairments or restructuring charges are excluded but the related benefits are included within headline measures. Headline measures should not be considered in isolation as they provide additional information to aid the understanding of the Group's financial performance.

**Constant currency**

These condensed consolidated interim financial statements are presented in pounds sterling. However, the Group's significant international operations give rise to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. To neutralise foreign exchange impact and illustrate the underlying change in revenue and profit from one period to the next, the Group has adopted the practice of discussing results in both reportable currency (local currency results translated into pounds sterling at the prevailing foreign exchange rate) and constant currency.

The Group uses US dollar-based, constant currency models to measure performance across all jurisdictions. These are calculated by applying budgeted 2025 exchange rates to local currency reported results for the current and prior year which excludes any variances attributable to foreign exchange rate movements.

**Like-for-like**

Management also believes that discussing like-for-like contributes to the understanding of the Group's performance and trends because it allows for meaningful comparisons of the current period to that of prior periods.

Like-for-like comparisons are calculated as follows: current year, constant currency actual results (which include acquisitions from the relevant date of completion) are compared with prior year, constant currency actual results, adjusted to include the results of acquisitions and disposals.

The following table reconciles reported revenue growth for the three and six months ended 30 June 2025 and 2024, including like-for-like revenue growth for the same periods.<br>

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Revenue**<br>**£m** | **Three months<br>ended<br>30 June %** | **Revenue**<br>**£m** | **Six months<br>ended<br>30 June %** |
| 2024 Reported | 3815 |  | 7227 |  |
| Impact of exchange rate changes | (135) | (3.6)% | (175) | (2.4)% |
| Impact of acquisitions and disposals | (107) | (2.8)% | (214) | (3.0)% |
| Like-for-like growth | (153) | (4.0)% | (175) | (2.4)% |
| **2025 Reported** | **3420** | (10.4)% | **6663** | (7.8)% |

---

**Headline operating profit**

Headline operating profit is one of the measures that management uses to assess the performance of the business.

Headline operating profit is calculated as operating profit before gains/losses on disposal of investments and subsidiaries, gains/losses on disposal of property, other impairment charges, goodwill impairment, impairment of investments in associates, amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets, restructuring and transformation costs, property-related restructuring costs other transaction costs, and other legal provision charges/gains.

------

Adjustments to operating profit described above are included in costs of services and general administrative costs as provided in note 2 of the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, which appears in Exhibit 2, and are components of operating profit.

A tabular reconciliation of profit before taxation to headline operating profit is provided in Note 11 of the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, which appears in Exhibit 2.

**<br> **Headline PBIT**

Headline PBIT is one of the metrics that management uses to assess the performance of the business.

Headline PBIT is calculated as profit before net finance costs, taxation, gains/losses on disposal of investments and subsidiaries,

gains/losses on disposal of property, other impairment charges, goodwill impairment, impairment of investments in associates, amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets, restructuring and transformation costs, property-related restructuring costs, other transaction costs, and legal provision charge/(gains) and share of adjusting and other items for associates.

A tabular reconciliation of profit before taxation to headline PBIT is shown below.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six months ended 30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six months ended 30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Profit before taxation** | 98 | 338 |
| Finance and investment income | (49) | (74) |
| Finance costs | 178 | 210 |
| Revaluation and retranslation of financial instruments | 11 | (35) |
| **Profit before interest and taxation** | 238 | 439 |
| Goodwill impairment | 116 |  |
| Impairment of investments in associates |  | 23 |
| Amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets | 32 | 57 |
| Restructuring and transformation costs | 32 | 131 |
| Property-related restructuring costs<sup>1</sup> | 13 | 22 |
| Gains on disposal of investments and subsidiaries | (2) | (8) |
| Gains on disposal of property |  | (2) |
| Share of adjusting items of associates |  | (1) |
| **Headline PBIT** | **429** | **661** |

---

<sup>1</sup> Property-related restructuring costs includes £5 million of property-related impairment charges (2024: £4 million).

**Headline PBT**

Headline PBT is one of the metrics that management uses to assess the performance of the business.

Headline PBT is calculated as profit before taxation, gains/losses on disposal of investments and subsidiaries, gains/losses on

disposal of property, goodwill impairment, impairment of investments in associates, amortisation and impairment of acquired

intangible assets, other impairment charges, restructuring and transformation costs, property-related restructuring costs, other transaction costs, and legal provision charges/(gains), share of adjusting and other items for associates, and revaluation and retranslation of financial instruments.

A tabular reconciliation of profit before taxation to headline PBT is shown below.

------

**Reconciliation of profit before taxation to headline PBT:**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six months ended 30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six months ended 30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Profit before taxation** | 98 | 338 |
| Goodwill impairment | 116 |  |
| Impairment of investments in associates |  | 23 |
| Amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets | 32 | 57 |
| Restructuring and transformation costs | 32 | 131 |
| Property-related restructuring costs | 13 | 22 |
| Gains on disposal of investments and subsidiaries | (2) | (8) |
| Gains on disposal of property |  | (2) |
| Share of adjusting and other items of associates |  | (1) |
| Revaluation and retranslation of financial instruments | 11 | (35) |
| **Headline PBT** | 300 | 525 |

---

Headline PBT is a metric that management use to assess the performance of the business.

**Adjusted operating cash flow, Adjusted free cash flow and Adjusted net cash flow**

Management believes adjusted operating cash flow is a target that can be translated into targets for operating business units that do not have direct control of items which influence adjusted free cash flow, such as the Group effective tax rate and leverage; and is meaningful to investors as a measure of the degree to which headline operating profit is converted into cash after the cost of leased operating assets, investment in capital expenditure, and working capital.

Adjusted operating cash flow is calculated as cash used in/generated by operations plus investment income received, and share option proceeds, less repayment of lease liabilities, interest paid on lease liabilities, and purchases of property, plant and equipment and purchases of intangible assets.

The Group bases its internal cash flow objectives on adjusted free cash flow. Management believes adjusted free cash flow is

meaningful to investors because it is the measure of the Company's funds available for acquisition related payments, dividends

to shareholders, share repurchases and debt repayment. The purpose of presenting adjusted free cash flow is to indicate the

ongoing cash generation within the control of the Group after taking account of the necessary cash expenditures of maintaining

the capital and operating structure of the Group (in the form of payments of interest, corporate taxation and capital expenditure).

This computation may not be comparable to that of similarly titled measures presented by other companies.

Adjusted free cash flow is calculated as cash used in/generated by operations plus dividends received from associates, interest received, investment income received, and share option proceeds, less corporation and overseas tax paid, interest and similar charges paid, dividends paid to non-controlling interests in subsidiary undertakings, repayment of lease liabilities, interest paid on lease liabilities, contingent consideration liability payments and purchases of property, plant and equipment and purchases of intangible assets.

Adjusted net cash flow is meaningful to investors because it is the measure of the Group's funds available for debt repayment or to increase cash on hand after acquisition related payments, dividends to shareholders and share repurchases. The purpose of presenting adjusted net cash flow is to indicate the ongoing cash generation within the control of the Group after taking account of the necessary cash expenditures of maintaining the capital and operating structure of the Group (in the form of payments of interest, corporate taxation, and capital expenditure) and after acquisitions, dividend payments to shareholders and share repurchases.

Adjusted net cash flow is calculated as adjusted free cash flow (as defined above) plus disposal proceeds, less net initial

acquisition payments, dividends and share purchases.

------

A tabular reconciliation of cash used by operations to adjusted operating cash flow, adjusted free cash flow and adjusted net cash flow is as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six months ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six months ended 30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Net cash outflow from operating activities** | **(1036)** | **(540)** |
| Corporation and overseas tax paid | 168 | 168 |
| Interest paid on lease liabilities | 50 | 47 |
| Other interest and similar charges paid | 117 | 118 |
| Interest received | (24) | (69) |
| Investment income | (5) | (5) |
| Dividends from associates | (15) | (18) |
| Contingent consideration liability payments recognised in operating activities | 13 | 1 |
| **Cash used by operations** | **(732)** | **(298)** |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (42) | (82) |
| Purchase of intangible assets  | (46) | (25) |
| Repayment of lease liabilities | (120) | (140) |
| Interest paid on lease liabilities | (50) | (47) |
| Investment income | 5 | 5 |
| **Adjusted operating cash flow** | (985) | (587) |
| Corporation and overseas tax paid | (168) | (168) |
| Interest and similar charges paid | (117) | (118) |
| Interest received | 24 | 69 |
| Dividends from associates | 15 | 18 |
| Contingent consideration liability payments | (15) | (25) |
| Dividends paid to non-controlling interests in subsidiary undertakings | (26) | (34) |
| **Adjusted free cash flow** | (1272) | (845) |
| Net disposal proceeds | 6 | 33 |
| Net initial acquisition payments | (133) | (29) |
| Share purchases | (92) | (57) |
| **Adjusted net cash flow** | **(1491)** | **(898)** |

---

***Adjusted net debt and average adjusted net debt***

Management believes that adjusted net debt and average adjusted net debt are appropriate and meaningful measures of the debt levels within the Company. Adjusted net debt at a period end is defined as cash and cash equivalents, bank overdrafts and borrowings due within one year, borrowings due after one year and derivative financial instruments hedging debt items. The definition of adjusted net debt has been updated to include the impact of derivative financial instruments that hedge debt items as management believes this provides a more accurate representation of the adjusted net debt levels of the Group.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **£ million** | **30 June 2025** | **31 December 2024** | **30 June 2024** |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 1437 | 2638 | 2128 |
| Borrowings due within one year | (936) | (584) | (1201) |
| Borrowings due after one year | (3845) | (3744) | (4298) |
| Derivative financial instruments | 83 | (52) | (55) |
| **Adjusted net debt**<sup>1</sup> | (3261) | (1742) | (3426) |
| **Average adjusted net debt**<sup>1</sup> | (3383) | (3506) | (3633) |

---

<sup>1</sup> The definitions of adjusted net debt and average adjusted net debt have been updated to include derivative financial instruments and prior year comparatives have been re-presented for this new definition.

Adjusted net debt excludes lease liabilities. Average adjusted net debt is calculated as the average of the Group's monthly adjusted net debt. Average adjusted net debt for 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 represents the average for the twelve month period ended 30 June 2025 and 30 June 2024 respectively. Average adjusted net debt for 31 December 2024 represents the average for the twelve month period ended 31 December 2024.

------

***Components of earnings from associates***

Management reviews the earnings from associates by assessing the underlying component movements including share of profit before interest and taxation of associates, share of adjusting items of associates, share of interest and non-controlling interests of associates, and share of taxation of associates, which are derived from the income statements of the associate undertakings. Management applies consistent principles in determining items adjusted from headline profit as with subsidiaries.

The following table is an analysis of earnings/losses from associates and underlying component movements:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six months ended**<br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six months ended 30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| Share of profit before interest and taxation | 19 | 18 |
| Share of adjusting and other items of associates |  | 1 |
| Share of interest and non-controlling interests | 3 | 2 |
| Share of taxation | (5) | (5) |
| **Earnings from associates** | 17 | 16 |

---

## Ex-2

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? wpp-20250630_d2

**Exhibit 2**

**Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements of WPP plc**

**WPP plc**

**Unaudited condensed consolidated interim income statement**

**for the six months ended 30 June 2025 and 2024**

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Notes** | **Six months ended 30 June 2025** | **Six months ended 30 June 2025** | **Six months ended 30 June 2024** | **Six months ended 30 June 2024** |
| | **Notes** | **£m** | **£m** | **£m** | **£m** |
| **Revenue** | 3 | 6663 |  | 7227 |  |
| Costs of services |  | (5826) |  | (6187) |  |
| **Gross profit** |  | 837 |  | 1040 |  |
| General and administrative costs |  | (616) |  | (617) |  |
| **Operating profit** |  | 221 |  | 423 |  |
| Earnings from associates |  | 17 |  | 16 |  |
| **Profit before interest and taxation** |  | 238 |  | 439 |  |
| Finance and investment income |  | 49 |  | 74 |  |
| Finance costs |  | (178) |  | (210) |  |
| Revaluation and retranslation of financial instruments |  | (11) |  | 35 |  |
| **Profit before taxation** | 3 | 98 |  | 338 |  |
| Taxation |  | (28) |  | (92) |  |
| **Profit for the period** |  | 70 |  | 246 |  |
| **Attributable to:** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Equity holders of the parent |  | 44 |  | 205 |  |
| Non-controlling interests |  | 26 |  | 41 |  |
|  |  | 70 |  | 246 |  |
| **Earnings per share** |  |  |  |  |  |
| Basic earnings per ordinary share | 5 | 4.1 | p | 19.1 | p |
| Diluted earnings per ordinary share | 5 | 4.0 | p | 18.8 | p |

---

**Note**

The accompanying notes form an integral part of this unaudited condensed consolidated interim income statement.

------

**WPP plc**

**Unaudited condensed consolidated interim statement of comprehensive (loss) / income**

**for the six months ended 30 June 2025 and 2024**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six months ended** <br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six months ended** <br>**30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Profit for the period** | 70 | 246 |
| **Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:** |  |  |
| Foreign exchange differences on translation of foreign operations | (359) | (37) |
| Gain/(loss) on net investment hedges | 88 | (18) |
| Cash flow hedges: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fair value gain/(loss) arising on hedging instruments | 19 | (45) |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Amounts reclassified to profit or loss | (46) | 29 |
| Costs of hedging | 3 | 11 |
|  | (295) | (60) |
| **Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:** |  |  |
| Movements on equity investments held at fair value through other comprehensive income | (9) | (2) |
|  | (9) | (2) |
| **Other comprehensive loss for the period** | (304) | (62) |
| **Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the period** | (234) | 184 |
| **Attributable to:** |  |  |
| Equity holders of the parent | (248) | 142 |
| Non-controlling interests | 14 | 42 |
|  | (234) | 184 |

---

**Note**

The accompanying notes form an integral part of this unaudited condensed consolidated interim statement of comprehensive (loss) / income.

------

**WPP plc**

**Unaudited condensed consolidated interim cash flow statement**

**for the six months ended 30 June 2025 and 2024**

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Notes** | | |
| | **Notes** | **Six months ended** <br>**30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six months ended** <br>**30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Net cash outflow from operating activities**<sup>1</sup> | 6 | (1036) | (540) |
| **Investing activities** |  |  |  |
| Acquisitions<sup>1</sup> | 9 | (127) | (33) |
| Disposals of investments and subsidiaries |  | 5 | 29 |
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  | (42) | (82) |
| Purchases of intangible assets  |  | (46) | (25) |
| Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  | 1 | 1 |
| **Net cash outflow from investing activities** |  | (209) | (110) |
| **Financing activities** |  |  |  |
| Principal elements of lease payments |  | (120) | (140) |
| Cash consideration received from non-controlling interests |  |  | 3 |
| Cash consideration for purchase of non-controlling interests |  | (7) | (20) |
| Share repurchases and buybacks |  | (92) | (57) |
| Proceeds from borrowings  |  | 666 | 1060 |
| Repayment of borrowings |  | (418) | (13) |
| Repayment of borrowing related derivatives<sup>2</sup> |  | (26) |  |
| Financing and share issue net costs |  |  | (6) |
| Dividends paid to non-controlling interests in subsidiary undertakings |  | (26) | (34) |
| **Net cash (outflow)/inflow from financing activities** |  | (23) | 793 |
| **Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents** |  | (1268) | 143 |
| Foreign exchange translation of cash and cash equivalents |  | (31) | (59) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 2467 | 1860 |
| **Cash and cash equivalents at end of period** | 7 | 1168 | 1944 |

---

**Note**

The accompanying notes form an integral part of this unaudited condensed consolidated interim cash flow statement.

<sup>1</sup>Contingent consideration liability payments in excess of the amount determined at acquisition are recorded as operating activities.

<sup>2</sup>Repayment of borrowing related derivatives was previously presented within Repayment of borrowings.

------

**WPP plc**

**Unaudited condensed consolidated interim balance sheet**

**as at 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024** 

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Notes** | | |
| | **Notes** | **30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **31 December 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Non-current assets** | | | |
| Goodwill |  | 7348 | 7610 |
| Other intangible assets |  | 726 | 737 |
| Property, plant and equipment |  | 841 | 909 |
| Right-of-use assets |  | 1396 | 1385 |
| Interests in associates |  | 238 | 253 |
| Other investments |  | 346 | 398 |
| Deferred tax assets |  | 304 | 323 |
| Corporate income tax recoverable |  | 64 | 59 |
| Trade and other receivables |  | 280 | 174 |
|  |  | 11543 | 11848 |
| **Current assets** |  |  |  |
| Corporate income tax recoverable |  | 100 | 113 |
| Trade and other receivables |  | 7366 | 7722 |
| Accrued income and unbilled media |  | 2948 | 3188 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 7 | 1437 | 2638 |
|  |  | 11851 | 13661 |
| **Current liabilities** |  |  |  |
| Trade and other payables |  | (11067) | (13056) |
| Deferred income and customer advances |  | (1216) | (1160) |
| Corporate income tax payable |  | (182) | (333) |
| Lease liabilities |  | (222) | (240) |
| Borrowings | 7 | (936) | (584) |
| Provisions for liabilities and charges |  | (137) | (143) |
|  |  | (13760) | (15516) |
| **Net current liabilities** |  | (1909) | (1855) |
| **Non-current liabilities** |  |  |  |
| Borrowings | 7 | (3845) | (3744) |
| Trade and other payables |  | (136) | (229) |
| Deferred tax liabilities |  | (173) | (142) |
| Employee benefit obligations |  | (129) | (132) |
| Provisions for liabilities and charges |  | (192) | (232) |
| Lease liabilities |  | (1751) | (1780) |
|  |  | (6226) | (6259) |
| **Net assets** |  | 3408 | 3734 |
| **Equity** |  |  |  |
| Called-up share capital |  | 109 | 109 |
| Share premium account |  | 579 | 579 |
| Other reserves |  | (140) | 151 |
| Own shares |  | (208) | (191) |
| Retained earnings |  | 2824 | 2827 |
| **Equity shareholders' funds** |  | 3164 | 3475 |
| Non-controlling interests |  | 244 | 259 |
| **Total equity** |  | 3408 | 3734 |

---

**Note**

The accompanying notes form an integral part of this unaudited condensed consolidated interim balance sheet.

------

**WPP plc**

**Unaudited condensed consolidated interim statement of changes in equity**

**for the six months ended 30 June 2025 and 2024**

---

| | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Called-up<br>share<br>capital**<br>**£m** | **Share<br>premium<br>account**<br>**£m** | **Other<br>reserves**<br>**£m** | **Own<br>shares**<br>**£m** | **Retained**<br>**earnings**<sup>1</sup><br>**£m** | **Total equity<br>shareholders'<br>funds**<br>**£m** | **Non-<br>controlling<br>interests**<br>**£m** | **Total**<br>**£m** |
| **Balance at 1 January 2024** | **114** | **577** | **187** | **(990)** | **3488** | **3376** | **457** | **3833** |
| Profit for the period |  |  |  |  | 205 | 205 | 41 | 246 |
| Other comprehensive loss |  |  | (61) |  | (2) | (63) | 1 | (62) |
| **Total comprehensive (loss)/income** | **—** | **—** | **(61)** | **—** | **203** | **142** | **42** | **184** |
| Dividends paid |  |  |  |  |  |  | (34) | (34) |
| Treasury shares used for share option schemes |  |  |  | 54 | (54) |  |  |  |
| Non-cash share-based incentive plans (including share options) |  |  |  |  | 56 | 56 |  | 56 |
| Tax on share-based payments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net movement in own shares held by ESOP Trusts |  |  |  | (4) | (53) | (57) |  | (57) |
| Net movement of liabilities in respect of put options |  |  | 12 |  | 2 | 14 |  | 14 |
| Net movement in non-controlling interests<sup>2</sup> |  |  |  |  | (34) | (34) | (4) | (38) |
| **Total transactions with owners** | **—** | **—** | **12** | **50** | **(83)** | **(21)** | **(38)** | **(59)** |
| **Balance at 30 June 2024** | **114** | **577** | **138** | **(940)** | **3608** | **3497** | **461** | **3958** |
|  | **Called-up<br>share<br>capital** | **Share<br>premium<br>account** | **Other<br>reserves** | **Own<br>shares** | **Retained**<br>**earnings**<sup>1</sup> | **Total equity<br>shareholders'<br>funds** | **Non-<br>controlling<br>interests** | **Total** |
|  | **£m** | **£m** | **£m** | **£m** | **£m** | **£m** | **£m** | **£m** |
| **Balance at 1 January 2025** | **109** | **579** | **151** | **(191)** | **2827** | **3475** | **259** | **3734** |
| Profit for the period |  |  |  |  | 44 | 44 | 26 | 70 |
| Other comprehensive loss |  |  | (282) |  | (10) | (292) | (12) | (304) |
| **Total comprehensive (loss)/income** | **—** | **—** | **(282)** | **—** | **34** | **(248)** | **14** | **(234)** |
| Dividends paid |  |  |  |  |  |  | (26) | (26) |
| Treasury shares used for share option schemes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Non-cash share-based incentive plans (including share options) |  |  |  |  | 41 | 41 |  | 41 |
| Tax on share-based payments |  |  |  |  | (1) | (1) |  | (1) |
| Net movement in own shares held by ESOP Trusts |  |  |  | (17) | (75) | (92) |  | (92) |
| Net movement of liabilities in respect of put options |  |  | (9) |  |  | (9) |  | (9) |
| Net movement in non-controlling interests<sup>2</sup> |  |  |  |  | (2) | (2) | (3) | (5) |
| **Total transactions with owners** | **—** | **—** | **(9)** | **(17)** | **(37)** | **(63)** | **(29)** | **(92)** |
| **Balance at 30 June 2025** | **109** | **579** | **(140)** | **(208)** | **2824** | **3164** | **244** | **3408** |

---

**Notes**

The accompanying notes form an integral part of this unaudited condensed consolidated interim statement of changes in equity.

<sup>1</sup>Accumulated losses on existing equity investments held at fair value through other comprehensive income are £363 million at 30 June 2025 (31 December 2024: £354 million).

<sup>2</sup>Net movement in non-controlling interests represents movements in retained earnings and non-controlling interests arising from changes in ownership of existing subsidiaries and recognition of non-controlling interests on new acquisitions.

------

**Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements**

**1. Basis of preparation**

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2025 comply with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules sourcebook of the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority and with the accounting policies of WPP plc and its subsidiaries (the Group), which were set out in the fiscal year 2024 Form 20-F. No changes have been made to the Group's accounting policies in the period ended 30 June 2025.

The tax charge for the Group is calculated in accordance with IAS 34, by applying management's best estimate of the effective tax rate (excluding discrete items) expected to apply to total annual earnings, to the profit before tax for the six months ended 30 June 2025. This is then adjusted for certain discrete items which occurred in the interim period.

The Group does not consider that the amendments to standards adopted during the period have a significant impact on the financial statements.

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention, except for the revaluation of certain financial instruments as disclosed in our accounting policies. The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the six months to 30 June 2025 and six months to 30 June 2024 do not constitute statutory accounts. The statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2024, reported on by the Group's auditor, have been delivered to the Jersey Registrar and received an unqualified auditors' report.

Having considered the principal risks (as outlined in the fiscal year 2024 Form 20-F), the directors consider it appropriate to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing these interim financial statements. In making this assessment, the directors have reviewed the results of latest cash flow forecasts for the period to 31 December 2026 and have considered the results of a reverse stress test to quantify the level of revenue less pass-through costs decline required to utilise all of the Group's liquidity headroom, taking into account debt maturities and cost mitigations. The likelihood of declines required to utilise all available headroom is considered remote. None of the Group's facilities have financial covenants.

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements do not include all the information and disclosures required in the annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Group's annual consolidated financial statements as at 31 December 2024.

The presentation currency of the Group is pounds sterling and the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on this basis. The period ended 30 June 2025 unaudited condensed consolidated interim income statement is prepared using, among other currencies, average exchange rates of US$1.30 to the pound (period ended 2024: US$1.27) and €1.19 to the pound (period ended 2024: €1.17). The unaudited condensed consolidated interim balance sheet as at 30 June 2025 has been prepared using the exchange rates on that day of US$1.37 to the pound (31 December 2024: US$1.26) and €1.17 to the pound (31 December 2024: €1.18).

**2. Costs of services and general and administrative costs**

Costs of services and general and administrative costs include:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| Staff costs<sup>1</sup> | 3685 | 3985 |
| Establishment costs | 219 | 242 |
| Media pass-through costs | 1279 | 1208 |
| Other costs of services and general and administrative costs<sup>2</sup> | 1259 | 1369 |
|  | 6442 | 6804 |

---

**Notes**

<sup>1</sup> Additional staff costs of £4 million (period ended 30 June 2024: £77 million) are included within Restructuring and transformation costs below.

<sup>2</sup> Other costs of services and general and administrative costs include £358 million (period ended 30 June 2024: £420 million) of other pass-through costs.

------

**Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements (continued)**

**2. Costs of services and general and administrative costs (continued)**

Other costs of services and general and administrative costs include the following significant items:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| Goodwill impairment | 116 |  |
| Amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets | 32 | 57 |
| Restructuring and transformation costs | 32 | 131 |

---

**Goodwill impairment**

In the six months to 30 June 2025, goodwill impairment charges of £116 million were recognised (period to 30 June 2024: £nil). As a result of the separation of AKQA and Grey in 2025, the previous AKQA Group cash generating unit ("CGU"), which was impaired in 2024, now constitutes two separate CGUs for AKQA and Grey. Of the total impairment charges recognised in the current period, £58 million related to the Grey CGU and £58 million related to the AKQA CGU.

The impairment charges related to both the Grey and AKQA CGUs reflect the impact of previously unforeseen declines in trading performance, predominantly due to the adverse impact of further macroeconomic pressures and uncertainty in the period following the introduction of new global tariffs in April, which are impacting client discretionary spend and the volume of net new business.

The recoverable amounts of the Grey and AKQA CGUs, which are both part of the Global Integrated Agencies reportable segment, are £181 million and £172 million, respectively. The recoverable amounts of the Grey and AKQA CGUs were calculated on a fair value less costs of disposal (FVLCD) basis. The FVLCDs were determined using a discounted cash flow approach with future cash flows based upon a projection period of up to five years, with cash flows beyond the projection period based on a long-term growth rate of 2.0% (2024: 2.0%). Post-tax discount rates of 12.25% (2024: 10.5%) and 11.25% (2024: 10.5%) were applied to determine the Grey and AKQA recoverable amounts, respectively. The basis for the key inputs, which are considered Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, is consistent with the previous full year impairment test.

The new factors impacting Grey and AKQA, described above, have also reduced the headroom at the Ogilvy CGU in 2025. If operating margins, which the impairment assessments are sensitive to, in future periods were 2.0% lower than current expectations, additional goodwill impairment charges of £36 million for AKQA and £27 million for Grey would be recognised. For Ogilvy, if operating margin was 1.0% lower than current expectations a goodwill impairment charge of £68 million would be recognised, if the discount rate was 1.0% higher a goodwill impairment charge of £84 million would be recognised.

**Amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets** 

Charges of £32 million (2024: £57 million) relate to ongoing amortisation charges for previously acquired intangible assets. The prior period included an accelerated amortisation charge of £20 million for certain brands that no longer had a useful life due to the creation of Burson.

**Restructuring and transformation costs** 

Charges of £32 million (2024: £131 million) include £25 million (2024: £47 million) in relation to the Group's IT transformation programme, which includes the rollout of new ERP systems. The prior period included costs of £76 million related to the continuing transformation plan, including the creation of VML and Burson, and simplification of GroupM.

------

**Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements (continued)**

**3. Segmental analysis**

Reported contributions by reportable segments were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Revenue**<sup>1</sup> | | |
| Global Integrated Agencies | 5871 | 6117 |
| Public Relations | 351 | 601 |
| Specialist Agencies | 441 | 509 |
|  | 6663 | 7227 |
| **Revenue less pass-through costs**<sup>1,2</sup> |  |  |
| Global Integrated Agencies | 4302 | 4595 |
| Public Relations | 335 | 568 |
| Specialist Agencies | 389 | 436 |
|  | 5026 | 5599 |
| **Headline operating profit**<sup>1,3</sup> |  |  |
| Global Integrated Agencies | 352 | 551 |
| Public Relations | 39 | 80 |
| Specialist Agencies | 21 | 15 |
|  | 412 | 646 |
| Adjusting items within IFRS operating profit<sup>3</sup> | (191) | (223) |
| Financing items<sup>4</sup> | (140) | (101) |
| Earnings from associates  | 17 | 16 |
| **Reported profit before tax** | 98 | 338 |

---

**Notes**

<sup>1</sup> Intersegment transactions have not been separately disclosed as they are not material.

<sup>2</sup> Revenue less pass-through costs is revenue less media and other pass-through costs. Pass-through costs comprise fees paid to external suppliers where they are engaged to perform part or all of a specific project and are charged directly to clients, predominately media costs.

<sup>3</sup> A reconciliation from reported profit before tax to headline operating profit is also provided in Note 11.

<sup>4</sup> Financing items include finance and investment income, finance costs and revaluation and retranslation of financial instruments.

------

**Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements (continued)**

**3. Segmental analysis (continued)**

Reported contributions by geographical area were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Revenue**<sup>1</sup> | | |
| North America<sup>2</sup> | 2537 | 2781 |
| United Kingdom | 1011 | 1058 |
| Western Continental Europe | 1351 | 1458 |
| Asia Pacific, Latin America, Africa & Middle East and Central & Eastern Europe | 1764 | 1930 |
|  | 6663 | 7227 |
| **Revenue less pass-through costs**<sup>1,3</sup> |  |  |
| North America<sup>3</sup> | 1966 | 2207 |
| United Kingdom | 749 | 779 |
| Western Continental Europe | 1021 | 1164 |
| Asia Pacific, Latin America, Africa & Middle East and Central & Eastern Europe | 1290 | 1449 |
|  | 5026 | 5599 |
| **Headline operating profit**<sup>1,4</sup> |  |  |
| North America<sup>2</sup> | 281 | 336 |
| United Kingdom | 47 | 78 |
| Western Continental Europe | 36 | 117 |
| Asia Pacific, Latin America, Africa & Middle East and Central & Eastern Europe | 48 | 115 |
|  | 412 | 646 |
| Adjusting items within IFRS operating profit<sup>4</sup> | (191) | (223) |
| Financing items<sup>5</sup> | (140) | (101) |
| Earnings from associates | 17 | 16 |
| **Reported profit before tax** | 98 | 338 |

---

**Notes**

<sup>1</sup> Interregional transactions have not been separately disclosed as they are not material.

<sup>2</sup> North America includes the US, which has revenue of £2,387 million (2024: £2,609 million), revenue less pass-through costs of £1,852 million (2024: £2,071 million) and headline operating profit of £264 million (2024: £316 million).

<sup>3</sup> Revenue less pass-through costs is revenue less media and other pass-through costs. Pass-through costs comprise fees paid to external suppliers where they are engaged to perform part or all of a specific project and are charged directly to clients, predominantly media costs. See note 2 to the consolidated interim financial statements for more details of the pass-through costs.

<sup>4</sup> A reconciliation from reported profit before tax to headline operating profit is also provided in Note 11.

<sup>5</sup> Financing items include finance and investment income, finance costs and revaluation and retranslation of financial instruments.

------

**Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements (continued)**

**4. Ordinary dividends**

The Board has recommended an interim dividend of 7.5p (2024: 15.0p) per ordinary share. This is expected to be paid on 3 November 2025 to shareholders on the register at 10 October 2025. The Board recommended a final dividend of 24.4p per ordinary share in respect of 2024. This was paid on 4 July 2025.

**5. Earnings per share ("EPS")**

**Basic EPS**

The calculation of basic EPS is as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2025** | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2024** |
| Profit for the period attributable to equity holders of the parent (£ million) | 44 | 205 |
| Weighted average number of shares used in basic EPS calculation (million) | 1077 | 1075 |
| Basic EPS | 4.1p | 19.1p |

---

**Diluted EPS**

The calculation of diluted EPS is as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2025** | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2024** |
| Profit for the period attributable to equity holders of the parent (£ million) | 44 | 205 |
| Weighted average number of shares used in diluted EPS calculation (million) | 1093 | 1092 |
| Diluted EPS | 4.0p | 18.8p |

---

A reconciliation between the shares used in calculating basic and diluted EPS is as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| Weighted average number of shares used in basic EPS calculation | 1077 | 1075 |
| Other potentially issuable shares | 16 | 17 |
| Weighted average number of shares used in diluted EPS calculation | 1093 | 1092 |

---

At 30 June 2025 there were 1,091,394,251 (30 June 2024: 1,141,513,946) ordinary shares in issue, including 12,591,893 treasury shares (30 June 2024: 62,959,463).

------

**Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements (continued)**

**6. Analysis of cash flows**

The following table analyses the net cash outflow from operating activities presented within the cash flow statement:

**Net cash outflow from operating activities**:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Profit for the period** | 70 | 246 |
| Taxation | 28 | 92 |
| Revaluation and retranslation of financial instruments | 11 | (35) |
| Finance costs | 178 | 210 |
| Finance and investment income | (49) | (74) |
| Earnings from associates  | (17) | (16) |
| **Operating profit** | 221 | 423 |
| **Adjustments for:** |  |  |
| Non-cash share-based incentive plans (including share options) | 41 | 56 |
| Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 82 | 81 |
| Depreciation of right-of-use assets | 101 | 110 |
| Goodwill impairment | 116 |  |
| Impairment of investments in associates |  | 23 |
| Property-related impairment charges | 5 | 4 |
| Amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets | 32 | 57 |
| Amortisation of other intangible assets | 20 | 14 |
| Gains on disposal of investments and subsidiaries | (2) | (8) |
| Gains on sale of property, plant and equipment |  | (2) |
| **Operating cash flow before movements in working capital and provisions** | 616 | 758 |
| Decrease in trade receivables and accrued income | 375 | 430 |
| Decrease in trade payables and deferred income | (1303) | (1055) |
| Increase in other receivables | (219) | (109) |
| Decrease in other payables | (186) | (337) |
| (Decrease) / increase in provisions | (15) | 15 |
| **Cash used by operations** | (732) | (298) |
| Corporation and overseas tax paid | (168) | (168) |
| Interest paid on lease liabilities | (50) | (47) |
| Other interest and similar charges paid | (117) | (118) |
| Interest received | 24 | 69 |
| Investment income | 5 | 5 |
| Dividends from associates | 15 | 18 |
| Contingent consideration liability payments recognised in operating activities<sup>1</sup> | (13) | (1) |
| **Net cash outflow from operating activities** | (1036) | (540) |

---

<sup>1</sup> Contingent consideration liability payments in excess of the amount determined at acquisition are recorded as operating activities.

**7. Cash and cash equivalents and total borrowings** 

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **31 December 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Cash and cash equivalents as presented in the consolidated balance sheet** | 1437 | 2638 |
| Bank overdrafts | (269) | (171) |
| **Cash and cash equivalents as presented in the consolidated cash flow statement** | 1168 | 2467 |
| Borrowings due within one year (excluding bank overdrafts) | (667) | (413) |
| Borrowings due after one year | (3845) | (3744) |
| **Total borrowings (excluding bank overdrafts)** | (4512) | (4157) |

---

The Group estimates that the fair value of corporate bonds is £3,651 million at 30 June 2025 (31 December 2024: £3,964 million).

------

**Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements (continued)**

**8. Financial Instruments - fair value**

The following table provides an analysis of financial instruments that are measured subsequent to initial recognition at fair value, grouped into levels 1 to 3 based on the degree to which the fair value is observable, or based on observable inputs:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Level 1**<br>**£m** | **Level 2**<br>**£m** | **Level 3**<br>**£m** | **Total**<br>**£m** |
| **30 June 2025** | | | | |
| **Derivatives in designated hedge relationships** | | | | |
| Derivative assets |  | 86 |  | 86 |
| Derivative liabilities |  | (3) |  | (3) |
| **Held at fair value through profit or loss** |  |  |  |  |
| Money market funds | 12 |  |  | 12 |
| Other investments | 60 |  | 198 | 258 |
| Derivative assets |  | 2 |  | 2 |
| Derivative liabilities |  | (2) |  | (2) |
| Contingent consideration liabilities |  | (31) | (88) | (119) |
| **Held at fair value through other comprehensive income** |  |  |  |  |
| Trade and other receivables |  | 237 |  | 237 |
| Other investments | 2 |  | 86 | 88 |

---

The fair values of financial assets and liabilities are based on quoted market prices where available. Where the market value is not available, the Group has estimated relevant fair values on the basis of available information from outside sources.

For all level 3 fair value measurements, a change to one or more of these unobservable inputs to reflect a reasonably possible alternative assumption would not result in a significant change to the fair value.

**Reconciliation of level 3 fair value measurements:**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Contingent consideration liabilities**<br>**£m** | **Other<br>investments**<br>**£m** |
| **January 1, 2025** | (133) | 322 |
| Losses recognised in the income statement | (3) | (15) |
| Losses recognised in other comprehensive income |  | (9) |
| Exchange adjustments | 2 | (20) |
| Transfers | 31 |  |
| Additions |  | 6 |
| Settlements | 15 |  |
| **30 June 2025** | (88) | 284 |

---

------

**Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements (continued)**

**9. Acquisitions**

**Acquisition of InfoSum Limited**

On 4 April 2025, the Group acquired 100% of the ordinary share capital of Cognitive Logic Inc. ("InfoSum"), a data collaboration platform.

Total cash consideration of £108 million was paid on completion date. Total net assets acquired were £17 million, including £32 million of proprietary technology intangible assets. The goodwill on the acquisition was £91 million. The goodwill is attributable to anticipated synergies and will not be deductible for tax purposes.

**10. Related party transactions**

The Group enters into transactions with its associate undertakings, primarily in relation to pass-through billing arrangements.

The following amounts were outstanding at 30 June 2025 and 31 December 2024:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **31 December 2024**<br>**£m** |
| Amounts owed by related parties | 109 | 68 |
| Amounts owed to related parties | (124) | (104) |

---

There are no material provisions for doubtful debts relating to these balances and no material expense has been recognised in the income statement in relation to bad or doubtful debts for the period ended 30 June 2025.

------

**Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements (continued)**

**11. Reconciliation of profit before taxation to headline operating profit**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2025**<br>**£m** | **Six Months Ended<br>30 June 2024**<br>**£m** |
| **Profit before taxation** | 98 | 338 |
| Finance and investment income | (49) | (74) |
| Finance costs  | 178 | 210 |
| Revaluation and retranslation of financial instruments | 11 | (35) |
| **Profit before interest and taxation** | 238 | 439 |
| Earnings from associates  | (17) | (16) |
| **Operating profit** | 221 | 423 |
| Goodwill impairment | 116 |  |
| Impairment of investments in associates |  | 23 |
| Amortisation and impairment of acquired intangible assets | 32 | 57 |
| Restructuring and transformation costs | 32 | 131 |
| Property-related restructuring costs<sup>1</sup> | 13 | 22 |
| Gains on disposal of investments and subsidiaries | (2) | (8) |
| Gains on disposal of property |  | (2) |
| **Headline operating profit** | **412** | **646** |

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<sup>1</sup> Property-related restructuring costs includes £5 million of property-related impairment charges (2024: £4 million).

**12. Events after the reporting period**

There were no events after the reporting period that require disclosure.