# EDGAR Filing Document

**Accession Number:** 0001528356
**File Stem:** 0001437749-26-017292
**Filing Date:** 2026-5
**Character Count:** 157793
**Document Hash:** 915bb604a976bc2387f95b3d1ba5bf8d
**Contains OCR:** False
**Source Format:** 

## Filing Content

## Filing Summary
**0001437749-26-017292.hdr.sgml**: 20260515

**ACCESSION NUMBER**: 0001437749-26-017292

**CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE**: 10-Q

**PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT**: 109

**CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT**: 20260331

**FILED AS OF DATE**: 20260515

**DATE AS OF CHANGE**: 20260515

**FILER**: 

**COMPANY DATA:**
- **COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:** Genie Energy Ltd.
- **CENTRAL INDEX KEY:** 0001528356
- **STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:** ELECTRIC & OTHER SERVICES COMBINED [4931]
- **ORGANIZATION NAME:** 01 Energy & Transportation
- **EIN:** 452069276
- **STATE OF INCORPORATION:** DE
- **FISCAL YEAR END:** 1231

**FILING VALUES:**
- **FORM TYPE:** 10-Q
- **SEC ACT:** 1934 Act
- **SEC FILE NUMBER:** 001-35327
- **FILM NUMBER:** 26984771

**BUSINESS ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 520 BROAD STREET
- **CITY:** NEWARK
- **STATE:** NJ
- **ZIP:** 07012
- **BUSINESS PHONE:** 973-438-3500

**MAIL ADDRESS:**
- **STREET 1:** 520 BROAD STREET
- **CITY:** NEWARK
- **STATE:** NJ
- **ZIP:** 07012

**FORMER COMPANY:**
- **FORMER CONFORMED NAME:** Genie Energy. Ltd.
- **DATE OF NAME CHANGE:** 20110822

?xml version='1.0' encoding='ASCII'? gne20260331_10q.htm

**FORM 10-Q**

[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

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**UNITED STATES** 

**SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION**

**Washington, D.C. 20549** 

------

**FORM 10-Q** 

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☒ **QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2026**

**or**

☐ **TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934**

**Commission File Number: 1-35327** 

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**GENIE ENERGY LTD.**

**(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)**

------

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Delaware**  | **45-2069276**  |
| **(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)**  | **(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)**  |
| **520 Broad Street, Newark, New Jersey** | **07102**  |
| **(Address of principal executive offices)**  | **(Zip Code)**  |

---

**(973) 438-3500** 

**(Registrant**'**s telephone number, including area code)**

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**Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)-2 of the Exchange Act:**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Title of each Class** | **Name of exchange of which registered** |
| Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share<br> GNE | New York Stock Exchange |

---

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☒&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☒&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| Large accelerated filer | ☐  | Accelerated filer | ☒  |
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐  | Smaller reporting company | ☐  |
| Emerging growth company | ☐  |  |  |

---

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes ☐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No ☒

------

As of May 13, 2026, the registrant had the following shares outstanding:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class A common stock, $0.01 par value: | 1,574,326 shares |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Class B common stock, $0.01 par value: | 24,829,375 shares (excluding 4,529,558 treasury shares) |

---

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**GENIE ENERGY LTD.**

 **TABLE OF CONTENTS**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
| [<u>PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION</u>](#part1) | [<u>PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION</u>](#part1) | [1](#part1) |
| [<u>Item</u> <u>1.</u>](#finstmts) | [<u>Financial Statements</u>](#finstmts) | [1](#finstmts) |
|  | [<u>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF MARCH 31, 2026 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2025</u>](#bs) | [1](#bs) |
|  | [<u>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025 (UNAUDITED)</u>](#ops) | [2](#ops) |
|  | [<u>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025 (UNAUDITED)</u>](#compinc) | [3](#compinc) |
|  | [<u>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025 (UNAUDITED)</u>](#equity)  | [4](#equity) |
|  | [<u>CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 AND 2025 (UNAUDITED)</u>](#cf)  | [6](#cf) |
|  | [<u>NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS UNAUDITED</u>](#notes) | [7](#notes) |
| [<u>Item</u> <u>2.</u>](#mda) | [<u>Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations</u>](#mda) | [32](#mda) |
| [<u>Item 3.</u>](#quant) | [<u>Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks</u>](#quant) | [47](#quant) |
| [<u>Item</u> <u>4.</u>](#controls) | [<u>Controls and Procedures</u>](#controls) | [47](#controls) |
| [<u>PART II. OTHER INFORMATION</u>](#part2) | [<u>PART II. OTHER INFORMATION</u>](#part2) | [48](#part2) |
| [<u>Item</u> <u>1.</u>](#legal) | [<u>Legal Proceedings</u>](#legal) | [48](#legal) |
| [<u>Item</u> <u>1A.</u>](#risk) | [<u>Risk Factors</u>](#risk) | [48](#risk) |
| [<u>Item</u> <u>2.</u>](#unregistered) | [<u>Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds</u>](#unregistered) | [48](#unregistered) |
| [<u>Item</u> <u>3.</u>](#defaults) | [<u>Defaults upon Senior Securities</u>](#defaults) | [48](#defaults) |
| [<u>Item</u> <u>4.</u>](#mine) | [<u>Mine Safety Disclosures</u>](#mine) | [48](#mine) |
| [<u>Item</u> <u>5.</u>](#otherinfo) | [<u>Other Information</u>](#otherinfo) | [48](#otherinfo) |
| [<u>Item</u> <u>6.</u>](#exhibits) | [<u>Exhibits</u>](#exhibits) | [49](#exhibits) |
| [<u>SIGNATURES</u>](#sigs) | [<u>SIGNATURES</u>](#sigs) | [50](#sigs) |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; i

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 1.** | **Financial Statements (Unaudited)** |

---

**GENIE ENERGY LTD.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS**

**(in thousands, except per share amounts)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***March 31,*** | ***December 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(Unaudited)** |  |
| **Assets** |  |  |
| Current assets: |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $**185876** | $203516 |
| Restricted cash—short-term | **8735** | 7936 |
| Marketable equity securities | **5219** | 409 |
| Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $8,259 and $7,876 at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | **65637** | 70062 |
| Inventory | **12140** | 12370 |
| Prepaid expenses | **14444** | 10567 |
| Other current assets | **17265** | 17154 |
| Current assets of discontinued operations | **1332** | 1419 |
| Total current assets | **310648** | 323433 |
| Property and equipment, net | **27075** | 28303 |
| Goodwill | **13173** | 12978 |
| Other intangibles, net | **1730** | 1804 |
| Deferred income tax assets, net | **2309** | 2309 |
| Other assets | **21522** | 20553 |
| Total assets | $**376457** | $389380 |
| **Liabilities and equity** |  |  |
| Current liabilities: |  |  |
| Trade accounts payable | $**26427** | $41094 |
| Accrued expenses | **54466** | 50782 |
| Income taxes payable | **30401** | 28851 |
| Current debt, net | **370** | 2139 |
| Due to IDT Corporation, net | **168** | 112 |
| Other current liabilities | **7489** | 10052 |
| Current liabilities of discontinued operations | **2970** | 2996 |
| Total current liabilities | **122291** | 136026 |
| Noncurrent debt, net | **6468** | 6529 |
| Other liabilities | **2393** | 2379 |
| Total liabilities | **131152** | 144934 |
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 19) |  |  |
| Equity: |  |  |
| Genie Energy Ltd. stockholders' equity: |  |  |
| Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; authorized shares—10,000: |  |  |
| Series 2012-A, designated shares—8,750; at liquidation preference, consisting of 0 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 |  |  |
| Class A common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized shares—35,000; 1,574 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 | **16** | 16 |
| Class B common stock, $0.01 par value; authorized shares—200,000; 29,356 and 29,339 shares issued and 24,826 and 24,847 shares outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively | **293** | 293 |
| Additional paid-in capital | **158533** | 157763 |
| Treasury stock, at cost, consisting of 4,530 and 4,492 shares of Class B common stock at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 | **(48791)** | (48274) |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | **5032** | 4921 |
| Retained earnings | **136942** | 136183 |
| Total Genie Energy Ltd. stockholders' equity | **252025** | 250902 |
| Noncontrolling interests: |  |  |
| Noncontrolling interests | **(6720)** | (6034) |
| Receivable from issuance of equity | **—** | (422) |
| Total noncontrolling interests | **(6720)** | (6456) |
| Total equity | **245305** | 244446 |
| Total liabilities and equity | $**376457** | $389380 |

---

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**GENIE ENERGY LTD.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS**

 **(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
| **(in thousands, except per share data)** | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
| Revenues: |  |  |
| Electricity | $**99411** | $104063 |
| Natural gas | **35352** | 28409 |
| Other | **7549** | 4335 |
| Total revenues | **142312** | 136807 |
| Cost of revenues | **112491** | 99444 |
| Gross profit | **29821** | 37363 |
| Operating expenses: |  |  |
| Selling, general and administrative | **27949** | 23887 |
| Income from operations | **1872** | 13476 |
| Interest income | **1651** | 1981 |
| Interest expense | **(124)** | (189) |
| Other income, net | **710** | 162 |
| Income before income taxes | **4109** | 15430 |
| Provision for income taxes | **(1585)** | (5212) |
| Net income from continuing operations | **2524** | 10218 |
| Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes | **(10)** | (104) |
| Net income | **2514** | 10114 |
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, net | **(264)** | (329) |
| Net income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders | $**2778** | $10443 |
| Net income (loss) attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders |  |  |
| Continuing operations | $**2788** | $10547 |
| Discontinued operations | **(10)** | (104) |
| Net income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders | $**2778** | $10443 |
| Earnings per share attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders: |  |  |
| Basic: |  |  |
| Continuing operations | $**0.11** | $0.40 |
| Discontinued operations | **—** |  |
| Earnings per share attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders | $**0.11** | $0.40 |
| Diluted |  |  |
| Continuing operations | $**0.11** | $0.40 |
| Discontinued operations | **—** |  |
| Earnings per share attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. common stockholders | $**0.11** | $0.40 |
| Weighted-average number of shares used in calculation of earnings per share: |  |  |
| Basic | **26050** | 26338 |
| Diluted | **26145** | 26612 |
| Dividends declared per common share | $**0.075** | $0.075 |

---

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**GENIE ENERGY LTD.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME**

**(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
| **(in thousands)** | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
| Net income | $**2514** | $10114 |
| Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Foreign currency translation adjustments | **111** | 1124 |
| Comprehensive income | **2625** | 11238 |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | **264** | (341) |
| Comprehensive income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. | $**2889** | $10897 |

---

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**GENIE ENERGY LTD.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY**

**(in thousands, except dividend per share)**

**Genie Energy Ltd. Stockholders**

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ***Accumulated*** |  |  |  |  |
|  | ***Preferred*** | ***Preferred*** | ***Class A*** | ***Class A*** | ***Class B*** | ***Class B*** | ***Additional*** |  | ***Other*** |  | ***Non*** | ***Receivable*** |  |
|  | ***Stock*** | ***Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Paid-In*** | ***Treasury*** | ***Comprehensive*** | ***Retained*** | ***controlling*** | ***for Issuance*** | ***Total*** |
|  | ***Shares*** | ***Amount*** | ***Shares*** | ***Amount*** | ***Shares*** | ***Amount*** | ***Capital*** | ***Stock*** | ***Income*** | ***Earnings*** | ***Interests*** | ***of Equity*** | ***Equity*** |
| **BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2026** |  | $— | **1574** | $**16** | **29339** | $**293** | $**157763** | $**(48274)** | $**4921** | $**136183** | $**(6034)** | $**(422)** | $**244446** |
| Dividends on common stock ($0.075 per share) |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  |  |  |  | **(2019)** |  |  | **(2019)** |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | **14** |  | **720** |  |  |  |  |  | **720** |
| Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  |  | **(517)** |  |  |  |  | **(517)** |
| Dilution of noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  |  | **—** |  |  | (422) | 422 | **—** |
| Restricted Class B common stock issued to a member of the Board of Directors |  |  | *—* |  | *3* |  | **50** |  |  |  |  |  | **50** |
| Other comprehensive income |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  |  |  | **111** |  | **—** |  | **111** |
| Net income (loss) for three months ended March 31, 2026 |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  |  |  |  | **2778** | **(264)** |  | **2514** |
| **BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2026** |  | $— | **1574** | $**16** | **29356** | $**293** | $**158533** | $**(48791)** | $**5032** | $**136942** | $**(6720)** | $**—** | $**245305** |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**GENIE ENERGY LTD.**

 **CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY**

 **(in thousands, except dividend per share)** — **(Continued)**

**Genie Energy Ltd. Stockholders**

---

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ***Accumulated*** |  |  | |  |
|  | ***Preferred*** | ***Preferred*** | ***Class A*** | ***Class A*** | ***Class B*** | ***Class B*** | ***Additional*** |  | ***Other*** |  | ***Non*** | ***Receivable for*** |  |
|  | ***Stock*** | ***Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Common Stock*** | ***Paid-In*** | ***Treasury*** | ***Comprehensive*** | ***Retained*** | ***controlling*** | ***Issuance of*** | ***Total*** |
|  | ***Shares*** | ***Amount*** | ***Shares*** | ***Amount*** | ***Shares*** | ***Amount*** | ***Capital*** | ***Stock*** | ***Income*** | ***Earnings*** | ***Interests*** | ***Equity*** | ***Equity*** |
| **BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2025** |  | $**—** | **1574** | $**16** | **29310** | $**293** | $**159192** | $**(37486)** | $**3919** | $**120200** | $**(10174)** | $**(783)** | $**235177** |
| Dividends on common stock ($0.075 per share) |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  |  |  | *—* | (2026) | *—* |  | (2026) |
| Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 14 |  | 739 |  | *—* |  | *—* |  | 739 |
| Restricted Class B common stock purchased from employees |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  |  | (462) |  |  |  |  | (462) |
| Repurchase of Class B common stock from stock repurchase program |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  |  | (1887) | *—* |  | *—* |  | (1887) |
| Restricted Class B common stock issued to a member of the Board of Directors |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  | 50 |  |  |  |  |  | 50 |
| Other comprehensive income |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  |  |  | 454 |  | 670 |  | 1124 |
| Net income (loss) for three months ended March 31, 2025 |  |  | *—* |  | *—* |  |  |  |  | 10443 | (329) |  | 10114 |
| **BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2025** |  | $**—** | **1574** | $**16** | **29324** | $**293** | $**159981** | $**(39835)** | $**4373** | $**128617** | $**(9833)** | $**(783)** | $**242829** |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**GENIE ENERGY LTD.**

**CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS**

 **(Unaudited)**

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Three Months Ended March 31,** |
|  | **2026** | **2025** |
| **Operating activities**  |  |  |
| Net income | $**2514** | $10114 |
| Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | **(10)** | (104) |
| Net income from continuing operations | **2524** | 10218 |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations: |  |  |
| Stock-based compensation | **720** | 739 |
| Provision for credit losses | **485** | 309 |
| Depreciation and amortization | **356** | 235 |
| Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities and investments and other, net | **(635)** | (171) |
| Inventory valuation allowance | **939** |  |
| Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
| Trade accounts receivable | **3940** | (2668) |
| Inventory | **1125** | (1538) |
| Prepaid expenses | **(3878)** | 390 |
| Other current assets and other assets | **(224)** | (209) |
| Trade accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | **(13467)** | 981 |
| Due to IDT Corporation, net | **55** | 1 |
| Income taxes payable | **1550** | 5232 |
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities of continuing operations | **(6510)** | 13519 |
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities of discontinued operations | **(5)** | 1830 |
| Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | **(6515)** | 15349 |
| **Investing activities**  |  |  |
| Capital expenditures | **(887)** | (1773) |
| Purchases of marketable equity securities and other investments | **(5027)** |  |
| Improvements in investment property | **(43)** | (370) |
| Proceeds from return of investments | **11** | 50 |
| Net cash used in investing activities | **(5946)** | (2093) |
| **Financing activities**  |  |  |
| Dividends paid | **(2019)** | (2026) |
| Repurchases of Class B common stock from employees | **(517)** | (462) |
| Payment of debt | **(1839)** |  |
| Repurchases of Class B common stock |  | (1887) |
| Net cash used in financing activities | **(4375)** | (4375) |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | **(20)** | (80) |
| Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | **(16856)** | 8801 |
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (including cash held at discontinued operations) at beginning of period | **212438** | 201958 |
| **Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (including cash held at discontinued operations) at end of the period** | **195582** | 210759 |
| Less: Cash of discontinued operations at end of period | **971** | 933 |
| **Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (excluding cash held at discontinued operations) at end of period**  | $**194611** | $209826 |

---

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6

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[**Table of Contents**](#toc)

**GENIE ENERGY LTD.**

 **NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

 **(Unaudited)**

**Note *1***—**Basis of Presentation and Business Changes and Development**

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Genie Energy Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the "Company" or "Genie") have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form *10*-Q and Article *10* of Regulation S-*X.* Accordingly, they do *not* include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* are *not* necessarily indicative of the results that *may* be expected for the year ending *December 31, 2026*. The consolidated balance sheet at *December 31, 2025* has been derived from the Company's audited financial statements at that date but does *not* include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form *10*-K for the year ended *December 31, 2025* (the *"2025* Form *10*-K"), as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").

The Company owns 100% of Genie Retail Energy ("GRE") and varied interests in entities that comprise the Genie Renewables ("GREW") segment.

GRE owns and operates retail energy providers ("REPs"), including IDT Energy ("IDT Energy"), Residents Energy ("Residents Energy"), Town Square Energy and Town Square Energy East (collectively, "TSE"), Southern Federal Power ("Southern Federal"), Mirabito Natural Gas ("Mirabito") and Evergreen Gas & Electric ("Evergreen"). The majority of GRE's REP customers are located in the Eastern and Midwestern United States and Texas.

GREW primarily consists of a *91.5%* interest in Diversegy, an energy procurement advisor for industrial, commercial and municipal customers, a 95.5% interest in Genie Solar, an integrated solar energy company that develops, constructs and operates utility-scale solar energy projects, a 93.8% interest in CityCom Solar, a marketer of community solar and alternative products and services complementary of its energy offerings and a 72.2% interest in Roded Recycling ("Roded"), a producer of high-grade plastic pallets from recycled materials

*One Big Beautiful Bill Act*

On *July 4, 2025,* the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBB") was enacted into law. The law accelerates the expiration of the federal investment tax credit on solar projects, effective for projects going online after *December 31, 2027.* In light of this law, the Company evaluated the financial viability of all its solar projects and its qualification for the federal solar investment tax credits and the resulting impact on the viability of such projects. The Company identified several projects that will be discontinued and assessed the values of the related assets at the lower of fair values less cost to sell and net book value. The Company also identified several assets, including definite life intangibles and solar panel inventories and assessed the carrying values for impairment.

*Discontinued Operations in Finland and Sweden*

In the *third* quarter of *2022,* the Company decided to discontinue the operations of Lumo Energia Oyj ("Lumo Finland") and Lumo Energi AB ("Lumo Sweden").

The Company accounts for these businesses as discontinued operations, and accordingly, presents the results of operations and related cash flows as discontinued operations. The results of operations and related cash flows are presented as discontinued operations for all periods. Any remaining assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations are presented separately and reflected within assets and liabilities from discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of *March 31, 2026* and *December 31, 2025*. Lumo Sweden is continuing to liquidate their remaining assets and settle any remaining liabilities.

*Seasonality and Weather; Climate Change and Volatility in Pricing*

The weather and the seasons, among other things, affect GRE's revenues. Weather conditions have a significant impact on the demand for natural gas used for heating and electricity used for heating and cooling. Typically, colder winters increase demand for natural gas and electricity, and hotter summers increase demand for electricity. Milder winters or summers have the opposite effect. Unseasonal temperatures in other periods *may* also impact demand levels. Natural gas revenues typically increase in the *first* quarter due to increased heating demands and electricity revenues typically increase in the *third* quarter due to increased air conditioning use. Approximately 43.3% and 43.0% of GRE's natural gas revenues for the relevant years were generated in the *first* quarters of *2025* and *2024,* respectively, when demand for heating was highest. Although the demand for electricity is *not* as seasonal as natural gas (due, in part, to usage of electricity for both heating and cooling), approximately 30.7% and 28.7% of GRE's electricity revenues were generated in the *third* quarters of *2025* and *2024,* respectively. GRE's REPs' revenues and operating income are subject to material seasonal variations, and the interim financial results are *not* necessarily indicative of the estimated financial results for the full year. In addition, extraordinary weather has and can lead to extreme spikes in the prices of wholesale electricity and natural gas in markets where GRE and other retail providers purchase their supply, or in challenges to the grid or supply markets in affected areas. Such events could have material impacts on our margins and operations.

In addition to the direct physical impact that climate change *may* have on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations because of the effect on pricing, demand for our offerings and/or the energy supply markets, we *may* also be adversely impacted by other environmental factors, including: (i) technological advances designed to promote energy efficiency and limit environmental impact; (ii) increased competition from alternative energy sources; (iii) regulatory responses aimed at decreasing greenhouse gas emissions; and (iv) litigation or regulatory actions that address the environmental impact of our energy products and services.

*Reclassifications*

Certain accounts in the prior period condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the presentation of the current year condensed consolidated financial statements. These reclassifications had *no* effect on the previously reported operating results.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *7*

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**Note *2***—**Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash**

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as well as the corresponding amounts reported in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***March 31,*** | ***December 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $**185876** | $203516 |
| Restricted cash—short-term | **8735** | 7936 |
| Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $**194611** | $211452 |

---

Restricted cash—short-term includes amounts set aside in accordance with GRE's Amended and Restated Preferred Supplier Agreement with BP Energy Company ("BP") (see *Note 19*), Credit Agreement with JPMorgan Chase (see *Note *20*) and Term Loan Agreement with National Cooperative Bank, N.A. ("NCB").

Included in the cash and cash equivalents as of *March 31, 2026* and *December 31, 2025* is cash received from Lumo Sweden (see Note *5*).

**Note *3***—**Inventories**

Inventories consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***March 31,*** | ***December 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Natural gas | $**356** | $2216 |
| Renewable credits | **10746** | 8710 |
| Solar panels | **1038** | 1444 |
| Totals | $**12140** | $12370 |

---

The Company's renewable energy credits are used to satisfy specific state-mandated requirements and, to a lesser extent, our customer portfolio. Required levels of renewable energy credits vary based on the mix of customers, type of products purchased, number of customer of each type and energy consumption. Depending on the state, compliance typically occurs either in the *first* quarter for calendar year compliance periods and late in the *second* or early *third* quarter for energy year compliance periods of *June* to *May.* Renewable energy credit inventory will increase based on the schedule of deliveries of renewable energy credits by the *third*-party vendors and decrease based on the aforementioned compliance satisfaction.

In the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026*, the Company recorded an inventory valuation reserve of $0.9 million to the cost of revenues to write down the carrying value of solar panel inventories to the estimated net realizable value. There were no inventory valuation reserves recorded in the *three* months ended *March 31, 2025*.

**Note *4***—**Revenue Recognition**

Revenues from the single performance obligation to deliver a unit of electricity and/or natural gas are recognized as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit. Variable quantities in requirements contracts are considered to be options for additional goods and services because the customer has a current contractual right to choose the amount of additional distinct goods to purchase. GRE records unbilled revenues for the estimated amount customers will be billed for services rendered from the time meters were last read to the end of the respective accounting period. The unbilled revenues are estimated each month based on available per day usage data, the number of unbilled days in the period and historical trends.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *8*

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Incumbent utility companies in most of the service territories in which GRE's REPs operate offer purchase of receivables, or POR, and GRE's REPs participate in POR programs for a majority of their receivables. The Company estimates variable consideration related to its rebate programs using the expected value method and a portfolio approach. The Company's estimates related to rebate programs are based on the terms of the rebate program, the customer's historical electricity and natural gas consumption, the customer's rate plan, and a churn factor. Taxes that are imposed on the Company's sales and collected from customers are excluded from the transaction price.

Revenues from sales of solar panels are recognized at a point in time following the transfer of control of the solar panels to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the underlying contracts. For sales contracts that contain multiple performance obligations, such as the shipment or delivery of solar modules, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation identified in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices, or estimates of such prices, and recognize the related revenues as control of each individual product is transferred to the customer, in satisfaction of the corresponding performance obligations.

Genie Solar enters into contracts to identify, develop, and operate solar generation sites to provide solar electricity to customers. Obligations under solar project contracts consist of a series of tasks and components and accordingly are accounted for as multiple performance obligations. Because the Company's performance creates and enhances assets that are controlled by and specific to customers, the Company recognizes construction services revenue over time. Revenue for these performance obligations is recognized using the input method based on the cost incurred as a percentage of total estimated contract costs. Due to the significance of the costs associated with solar panels to the total project, our judgment on when such costs should be included in the measure of progress has a material impact on revenue recognition. Contract costs include all direct material and labor costs related to contract performance.

Energy generation revenues are earned from both the sale of electricity generated from operating solar projects and the sale of Solar Energy Credits ("SRECs").

Revenues from energy generation are recognized when the Company satisfies the performance obligation, which occurs at the time of the delivery of electricity at the contractual rates.

The Company applies for and receives SRECs in certain jurisdictions for power generated by solar energy systems it owns. There are *no* direct costs allocated to SRECs upon generation. The Company typically sells SRECs to different customers from those purchasing the energy. The sale of each SREC is a distinct performance obligation satisfied at a point in time and that the performance obligation related to each SREC is satisfied when each SREC is delivered to the customer.

Revenues from sales of solar panels, solar project development and energy generation are included in the Other Revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Revenues from commissions from selling *third*-party products to customers, entry and other fees from energy procurement advisory services (which are provided by Diversegy) are recognized at the time the performance obligation is met. The Company's contacts with customers for commission revenue contain a single performance obligation and are satisfied at a point in time. Revenues from commissions are included under the Other Revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer as an asset if it expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than *one* year. The Company determined that certain sales commissions to acquire customers meet the requirements to be capitalized. For GRE, the Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for sales commissions to acquire customers as the period would have been *one* year or less.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *9*

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*Disaggregated Revenues*

The following table shows the Company's revenues disaggregated by pricing plans offered to customers:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Electricity*** | ***Natural Gas*** | ***Other*** | ***Total*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Three Months Ended March 31, 2026** |  |  |  |  |
| Fixed rate | $**47646** | $**4763** | $**—** | $**52409** |
| Variable rate | **51765** | **30589** |  | **82354** |
| Other |  |  | **7549** | **7549** |
| Total | $**99411** | $**35352** | $**7549** | $**142312** |
| **Three Months Ended March 31, 2025** |  |  |  |  |
| Fixed rate | $58905 | $6931 | $— | $65836 |
| Variable rate | 45158 | 21478 |  | 66636 |
| Other |  |  | 4335 | 4335 |
| Total | $104063 | $28409 | $4335 | $136807 |

---

Fixed and variable rate revenues are from GRE. Other revenues are from GREW and include revenues from sales of solar panels, solar projects and energy generation by Genie Solar, commissions from marketing energy solutions by CityCom Solar and Diversegy and revenue from certain early-stage ventures.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *10*

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The following table shows the Company's revenues disaggregated by non-commercial and commercial channels:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Electricity*** | ***Natural Gas*** | ***Other*** | ***Total*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Three Months Ended March 31, 2026** |  |  |  |  |
| Non-Commercial Channel | $**93772** | $**30948** | $**—** | $**124720** |
| Commercial Channel | **5639** | **4404** |  | **10043** |
| Other |  |  | **7549** | **7549** |
| Total | $**99411** | $**35352** | $**7549** | $**142312** |
| **Three Months Ended March 31, 2025** |  |  |  |  |
| Non-Commercial Channel | $86882 | $23376 | $— | $110258 |
| Commercial Channel | 17181 | 5033 |  | 22214 |
| Other |  |  | 4335 | 4335 |
| Total | $104063 | $28409 | $4335 | $136807 |

---

*<u>Contract liabilities</u>*

Certain revenue generating contracts at GREW include provisions that require advance payment from customers. These advance payments are recognized as revenues as the Company satisfies the performance obligations to the other party. A portion of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations to be satisfied in future periods is recognized as a contract liability, which is expected to be satisfied in the next *twelve* months. Contract liabilities are included in other current liabilities account in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The table below reconciles the change in the carrying amount of contract liabilities:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Contract liability, beginning | $**7807** | $3973 |
| Recognition of revenue included in the beginning of the year contract liability | **(4699)** | (1327) |
| Additions during the period, net of revenue recognized during the period | **3440** | 1595 |
| Contract liability, end | $**6548** | $4241 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *11*

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***Allowance for credit losses***

The change in the allowance for credit losses was as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Allowance for credit losses, beginning | $**7876** | $8086 |
| Additions charged to expense | **485** | 309 |
| Write-offs and other deductions | **(102)** | (157) |
| Allowance for credit losses, end | $**8259** | $8238 |

---

The Company evaluates the collectability of its trade receivables in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") *326—Credit* Losses. The Company measures expected credit losses on a collective pool basis, based on the type of customers, commodity sold, region or state, and payment history. The allowance for credit losses is based on a combination of historical collection experience, aging of receivables, customer credit risk characteristics and reasonable forecasts of future macroeconomic conditions. The Company regularly monitors delinquency trends, collection experience, and other credit quality indicators relevant to each receivable pool. Management adjusts the historical loss experience with current conditions and reasonable forecasts to estimate the expected credit losses. Credit losses are recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

**Note *5***—**Discontinued Operations**

*Lumo Finland and Lumo Sweden Operations*

As a result of the sustained volatility of the energy market in Europe, in the *third* quarter of *2022,* the Company decided to discontinue the operations of Lumo Finland and Lumo Sweden. From *July 13, 2022* to *July 19, 2022,* the Company entered into a series of transactions to sell most of the electricity swap instruments held by Lumo Sweden. The sale price was fixed and was settled monthly based on the monthly commodity volume specified in the instruments between *September 2022* and *March 2025.*

The Company determined that the discontinuation of operations of Lumo Finland and Lumo Sweden represented a strategic shift that would have a major effect on the Company's operations and financial statements and accordingly, the results of operations and related cash flows are presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations are presented separately and reflected within assets and liabilities from discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of *March 31, 2026* and *December 31, 2025*. Lumo Sweden is continuing to liquidate its remaining assets and to settle any remaining liabilities.

In *November 2022,* Lumo Finland declared bankruptcy and the administration of Lumo Finland was transferred to the Lumo Administrators. All assets and liabilities of Lumo Finland remain with Lumo Finland, in which Genie retains its equity ownership interest, however, the management and control of Lumo Finland were transferred to the Lumo Administrators. Since the Company lost control of the management of Lumo Finland in favor of the Lumo Administrators, the accounts of Lumo Finland were deconsolidated effective *November 9, 2022.*

The following table represents summarized balance sheet information of assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations of Lumo Sweden:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***March 31, 2026*** | ***December 31, 2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Assets** |  |  |
| Cash | $**971** | $986 |
| Other current assets | **361** | 433 |
| Current assets of discontinued operations | $**1332** | $1419 |
| **Liabilities** |  |  |
| Accounts payable and other current liabilities | **2970** | 2996 |
| Current liabilities of discontinued operations | $**2970** | $2996 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *12*

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The summary of the results of operations of the discontinued operations of Lumo Sweden were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Income from operations | $**—** | $— |
| Other loss, net | **(10)** | (101) |
| Income before income taxes | **(10)** | (101) |
| Provision for income taxes |  | (3) |
| Net loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes | $**(10)** | $(104) |

---

The following table presents a summary of cash flows of the discontinued operations of Lumo Sweden:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Net loss | $**(10)** | $(104) |
| Non-cash items | **10** | (18) |
| Changes in assets and liabilities | **(5**) | 1952 |
| Cash flows provided by operating activities of discontinued operations | $**(5**) | $1830 |

---

Prior to being treated as discontinued operations or being deconsolidated, the assets and liabilities of Lumo Finland and Lumo Sweden were included in the (former) GRE International segment.

On *November 8, 2023,* the Lumo Administrators, acting on behalf of the Lumo Finland Bankruptcy Estate, filed a claim in the District Court of Helsinki against Genie Nordic, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the parent company of Lumo Finland, its directors, officers and affiliates, in which they allege that the gain from the sale of swap instruments owned by Lumo Sweden amounting to €35.2 million (equivalent to $40.8 million as of *March 31, 2026*) belongs to the Bankruptcy Estate. The Bankruptcy Estate filed an additional claim with the District Court on *May 27, 2024* against Lumo Sweden for €4.8 million (equivalent to $5.6 million as of *March 31, 2026*), also alleging that the gain from the sale of the swap instruments belongs to the Bankruptcy Estate, bringing the aggregate sum of claims related to the gain from sale of swap instruments to €40.0 million (equivalent to $46.3 million as of *March 31, 2026*). The Company believes that the Lumo Administrators' position is without merit, and is vigorously defending its position.

The Lumo Administrators filed a claim against *one* of Lumo Finland's suppliers, seeking to recover payments made by Lumo Finland amounting to €4.2 million (equivalent to $4.9 million as of *March 31, 2026*) prior to the bankruptcy. The Lumo Administrators have also filed a recovery claim jointly against the Company and the supplier amounting to €1.6 million (equivalent to $1.9 million as of *March 31, 2026*) alleging that a portion of the payment by Lumo Finland effectively reduced the Company's liability under the terms of a previously supplied parental guarantee (this *€1.6* million is included within - and *not* additive to - the *€4.2* million). The Lumo Administrators allege that the payments represented preferential payments and therefore belong to the Bankruptcy Estate which are recoverable under the laws of Finland. The Company is challenging the Lumo Administrator's claims.

The Company believes that the maximum exposure for these cases would likely be limited by the potential amount of the customers' claims in the bankruptcy case. Based on the progress made in assessing those claims, the Company expects those claims to be in the range of €2.0 million to €4.0 million. Although the Company does *not* believe that it is legally obligated to pay anything in respect of the claims, given the likelihood of negotiating a settlement to minimize further costs of challenging the claims, the Company recognized an estimated loss of €2.5 million (equivalent to $2.6 million at the date of the transaction) recorded in the *fourth* quarter of *2024.* The estimated loss was included in the loss from discontinued operations, net account in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the year ended *December 31, 2024.* 

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *13*

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**Note *6***—**Fair Value Measurements** 

The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Level 1 (1)*** | ***Level 2 (2)*** | ***Level 3 (3)*** | ***Total*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| March 31, 2026 |  |  |  |  |
| Assets: |  |  |  |  |
| Marketable equity securities | $**5219** | $**—** | $**—** | $**5219** |
| Derivative contracts | $**122** | $**—** | $**—** | $**122** |
| Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
| Derivative contracts | $**212** | $**—** | $**—** | $**212** |
| December 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |
| Assets: |  |  |  |  |
| Marketable equity securities | $409 | $— | $— | $409 |
| Derivative contracts | $561 | $— | $— | $561 |
| Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
| Derivative contracts | $1562 | $— | $— | $1562 |

---

(*1*) – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

(*2*) – observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

(*3*) – *no* observable pricing inputs in the market

The Company's derivative contracts consist of natural gas and electricity put and call options and swaps. The underlying asset in the Company's put and call options is a forward contract. The Company's swaps are agreements whereby a floating (or market or spot) price is exchanged for a fixed price over a specified period.

The Company did *not* have any transfers of assets or liabilities between Level *1,* Level *2* or Level *3* of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* or *2025*.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *14*

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*Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments*

The estimated fair value of the Company's other financial instruments was determined using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting this data to develop estimates of fair value. Consequently, the estimates are *not* necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange.

*Restricted cash*—*short-term, trade receivables, due to IDT Corporation, other current assets and other current liabilities.* At *March 31, 2026* and *December 31, 2025*, the carrying amounts of these assets and liabilities approximated fair value. The fair value estimate for restricted cash—short-term was classified as Level *1.* The carrying value of other current assets, due to IDT Corporation ("IDT"), and other current liabilities approximated fair value.

*Other assets.* At *March 31, 2026* and *December 31, 2025*, other assets included short-term investments (see Note *9*).

The primary non-recurring fair value estimates typically are in the context of goodwill impairment testing, which involves Level *3* inputs, and asset impairments (Note *9*) which utilize Level *3* inputs.

*Concentration of Credit Risks*

The Company holds cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at several major financial institutions, which *may* exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. Historically, the Company has *not* experienced any losses due to such concentration of credit risk. The Company's temporary cash investments policy is to limit the dollar amount of investments with any *one* financial institution and monitor the credit ratings of those institutions.

Utility companies provide billing and collection service to GRE's REPs. In addition, utility companies offer purchase of receivables, or POR, programs in most of the service territories in which GRE operates. GRE's REPs reduce their customer credit risk by participating in POR programs for a majority of their receivables. Under POR programs, the utility companies purchase those REPs' receivables and assume all credit risk without recourse to those REPs. Certain of the utility companies represent significant portions of the Company's consolidated revenues and consolidated trade accounts receivable balance.

There was *no* single customer that equaled or exceeded *10.0%* of consolidated net trade receivables at *March 31, 2026* or *December 31, 2025*.

The following table summarizes the percentage of revenues by the only customer that equaled or exceeded *10.0%* of consolidated revenues for the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* or *2025*:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
| Customer A | ***na*** | 12.3% |

---

na—less than *10.0%* of consolidated revenue in the period

Customer A is a utility company offering POR program.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *15*

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**Note *7***—**Derivative Instruments**

The primary risk managed by the Company using derivative instruments is commodity price risk, which is accounted for in accordance with ASC *815* — Derivatives and Hedging. Natural gas and electricity put and call options and swaps are entered into as hedges against unfavorable fluctuations in market prices of natural gas and electricity. The Company does *not* apply hedge accounting to these options or swaps; therefore the changes in fair value are recorded in earnings. By using derivative instruments to mitigate exposures to changes in commodity prices, the Company exposes itself to credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes the Company, which creates credit risk. The Company minimizes the credit or repayment risk in derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties. At *March 31, 2026*, GRE's swaps and options were traded on the Intercontinental Exchange.

The summarized volume of GRE's outstanding contracts and options at *March 31, 2026* was as follows (MWh – Megawatt hour and Dth – Decatherm):

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **Settlement Dates** | ***Volume*** | ***Volume*** | ***Volume*** |
|  | ***Electricity (in MWH)*** | ***Electricity (in MWH)*** | ***Gas (in Dth)*** |
| Second quarter of 2026 |  | 1760 |  |
| Third quarter of 2026 |  | 9152 |  |
| Fourth quarter of 2026 |  |  |  |
| First quarter of 2027 |  | 6400 |  |
| Second quarter of 2027 |  |  |  |
| Third quarter of 2027 |  | 3440 |  |
| Fourth quarter of 2027 |  |  |  |

---

The fair value of outstanding derivative instruments recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | ***March 31,*** | ***December 31,*** |
| **Asset Derivatives** | ***Balance Sheet Location*** | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  |  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |
| Energy contracts and options<sup>1</sup> | *Other current assets* | $**59** | $357 |
| Energy contracts and options | *Other assets* | **63** | 204 |
| Total derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments — Assets |  | $**122** | $561 |

---

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | ***March 31,*** | ***December 31,*** |
| **Liability Derivatives** | ***Balance Sheet Location*** | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  |  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |
| Energy contracts and options<sup>1</sup> | *Other current liabilities* | $**200** | $1484 |
| Energy contracts and options | *Other liabilities* | **12** | 78 |
| *Total derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments — Liabilities* | *Total derivatives not designated or not qualifying as hedging instruments — Liabilities* | $**212** | $1562 |

---

(*1*) The Company classifies derivative assets and liabilities as current based on the cash flows expected to be incurred within the following *12* months.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *16*

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The effects of derivative instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | ***Amount of Gain Recognized on Derivatives*** | ***Amount of Gain Recognized on Derivatives*** |
| **Derivatives not designated or not qualifying as** | ***Location of Gain*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
| **hedging instruments** | ***Recognized on Derivatives*** | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  |  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Energy contracts and options | *Cost of revenues* | $**3294** | $3174 |

---

**Note *8***—**Other Current Assets and Other Assets**

Other current assets consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **March 31, 2026** | **December 31, 2025** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Investments in equity securities—current | $**8979** | $8770 |
| Investment property | **5821** | 5782 |
| Assets held for sale | **1060** | 1060 |
| Fair value of derivative contracts—current | **59** | 357 |
| Other assets | **1346** | 1185 |
| Total other current assets | $**17265** | $17154 |

---

In the *fourth* quarter of *2025,* the Company evaluated the financial viability of solar construction projects for commercial and industrial customers (C&I Projects) after the enactment of the OBBB. The Company decided to discontinue several C&I Projects and market other projects for sale to other contractors to continue the projects.

In the *fourth* quarter of *2025,* the Company initiated a plan to sell an uncompleted C&I Project to another contractor. The carrying value of C&I Project included in the prepaid expense account of $1.1 million was reclassified as assets and liabilities held for sale and reported at the lower of cost and fair value less cost to sell. The Company used the market approach to estimate the fair values of assets held for sale based on the current offer from independent *third* parties.

Other assets consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***March 31, 2026*** | ***December 31, 2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Investments in equity securities—noncurrent | $**10733** | $10126 |
| Security deposits | **9595** | 9263 |
| Right-of-use assets, net of amortization | **937** | 873 |
| Fair value of derivative contracts—noncurrent | **63** | 204 |
| Other assets | **194** | 87 |
| Total other assets | $**21522** | $20553 |

---

**Note *9***—**Investments**

Equity investments consist of the following:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Location in Balance Sheet*** | ***Measurement*** | ***March 31, 2026*** | ***December 31, 2025*** |
|  |  |  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Various publicly-held companies | *Marketable equity securities* | *Quoted market price* | $**5219** | $409 |
| Alternative investments | *Other current assets* | *Net asset value* | $**7328** | $7119 |
| Alternative investments | *Other current assets* | *Cost* | **1651** | 1651 |
| Total included in other current assets |  |  | $**8979** | $8770 |
| Equity method investments | *Other noncurrent assets* | *Equity method* | $**504** | $402 |
| Alternative investments | *Other noncurrent assets* | *Net asset value* | **8755** | 8250 |
| Alternative investments | *Other noncurrent assets* | *Cost* | **1474** | 1474 |
| Total equity investments included in other noncurrent assets |  |  | $**10733** | $10126 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *17*

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The changes in the carrying values of the Company's equity investments without readily determinable fair values for which the Company elected the measurement alternative were as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Balance, beginning of period | $**18494** | $11684 |
| Purchase | **—** |  |
| Gain recognized during the period | **724** | 202 |
| Distribution | **(10)** | (50) |
| Balance, end of period | $**19208** | $11836 |

---

In *July 2024,* the Company acquired an investment property with an aggregate cost of $3.6 million. The investment property was acquired through a subsidiary in which the Company holds a 51.0% interest with the remaining 49.0% held by Howard Jonas, a related party (see Note *17*). The Company paid $1.8 million to the seller and signed a note payable to the seller for $1.8 million, payable in full on *February 1, 2026.* The note payable carried a 5.0% interest rate payable in full on *February 1, 2026.* In the *third* quarter *2024,* Howard Jonas reimbursed the Company $0.9 million, representing the purchase price for his 49.0% share in the investment property and is included in the noncontrolling interest in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognized a receivable of $0.9 million related to Howard Jonas' *49.0%* share in the notes payable and is included in the noncontrolling interests section of the consolidated balance sheets. At *December 31, 2025*, $1.8 million was outstanding under the note payable with an effective interest rate of 5.0%.

In *January 2026,* the Company extinguished the notes payable by paying the $1.8 million principal amount plus the $0.1 million accumulated accrued interest.

Howard Jonas' share in the investment property was diluted to 16.1% and 23.8%, at *March 31, 2026* and *December 31, 2025*, respectively, resulting from additional investments by the Company in the investment property.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *18*

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**Note *10***—**Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets**

The table below reconciles the change in the carrying amount of goodwill for the period from *January 1, 2026* to *March 31, 2026*:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | ***Genie*** |  |
|  | ***GRE*** | ***Renewables*** | ***Total*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Balance at January 1, 2026 | $**9998** | $**2980** | $**12978** |
| Cumulative translation adjustment |  | **195** | **195** |
| Balance at March 31, 2026 | $**9998** | $**3175** | $**13173** |

---

The table below presents information on the Company's other intangible assets:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Weighted*** |  |  |  |
|  | ***Average*** | ***Gross*** |  |  |
|  | ***Amortization*** | ***Carrying*** | ***Accumulated*** | ***Net*** |
|  | ***Period*** | ***Amount*** | ***Amortization*** | ***Balance*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| March 31, 2026 |  |  |  |  |
| Patents and trademarks | **20.0 years** | $**2860** | $**(1354)** | $**1506** |
| Customer relationships | **9.0 years** | **1100** | **(1049)** | **51** |
| Licenses | **10.0 years** | **479** | **(306)** | **173** |
| Total |  | $**4439** | $**(2709)** | $**1730** |
| December 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |
| Patent and trademark | 20.0 years | $2860 | $(1322) | $1538 |
| Customer relationships | 9.0 years | 1100 | (1019) | 81 |
| Licenses | 10.0 years | 479 | (294) | 185 |
| Total |  | $4439 | $(2635) | $1804 |

---

Amortization expense of intangible assets was $0.1 million for each of the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* and *2025.* The Company estimates that amortization expense of intangible assets will be $0.2 million, $0.2 million, $0.2 million, $0.2 million, $0.2 million and $0.8 million for the remainder of *2026* and for *2027, 2028, 2029, 2030* and thereafter, respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *19*

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**Note *11***—**Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities**

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***March 31, 2026*** | ***December 31, 2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Renewable energy | $**36511** | $30871 |
| Liability to customers related to promotions and retention incentives | **9628** | 9620 |
| Payroll and employee benefits | **1577** | 4328 |
| Other accrued expenses | **6750** | 5963 |
| Total accrued expenses | $**54466** | $50782 |

---

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***March 31, 2026*** | ***December 31, 2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Contract liabilities | $**6548** | $7807 |
| Current hedge liabilities | **200** | 1484 |
| Current lease liabilities | **106** | 88 |
| Other | **635** | 673 |
| Total other current liabilities | $**7489** | $10052 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *20*

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**Note *12***—**Leases**

The Company is the lessee under operating lease agreements, primarily for office space in domestic and foreign locations where it has operations and for solar development projects with lease periods expiring between *2026* and *2052.* The Company has no finance leases.

The Company determines if a contract is a lease at inception. Right-of-Use ("ROU") assets are included under other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The current portion of the operating lease liabilities are included in other current liabilities and the noncurrent portion is included in other liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is the incremental borrowing rate, because the interest rate implicit in most of our leases is *not* readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized borrowing rate based on information available at the lease commencement date. ROU assets also include any prepaid lease payments and lease incentives. The lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. The Company uses the base, non-cancellable, lease term when determining the lease assets and liabilities. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***March 31, 2026*** | ***December 31, 2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| ROU Assets | $**937** | $873 |
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | **106** | 88 |
| Noncurrent portion of operating lease liabilities | **891** | 854 |
| Total | $**997** | $942 |

---

At *March 31, 2026*, the weighted average remaining lease term was 22.0 years and the weighted average discount rate was 9.0%.

Supplemental cash flow information for ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are as follows:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ***(in thousands)*** | ***(in thousands)*** |
| Operating cash flows from operating activities | $**107** | $100 |
| ROU assets obtained in the exchange for lease liabilities |  |  |
| Operating leases | $**93** | $— |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *21*

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Future lease payments under operating leases as of *March 31, 2026* were as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** |  |
| Remainder of 2026 | $**163** |
| 2027 | **122** |
| 2028 | **83** |
| 2029 | **65** |
| 2030 | **66** |
| Thereafter | **1770** |
| Total future lease payments | **2269** |
| Less imputed interest | **1272** |
| Total operating lease liabilities | $**997** |

---

Rental expenses under operating leases were $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* and *2025*, respectively.

**Note *13***—**Equity**

*Dividend Payments* 

The following table summarizes the quarterly dividends declared and paid by the Company on its Class A and Class B common stock during the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* (in thousands, except per share amounts):

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Dividend** | **Aggregate** |  |  |
| **Declaration Date** | **Per Share** | **Dividend Amount** | **Record Date** | **Payment Date** |
| February 5, 2026 | $0.0750 | $2019 | February 18, 2026 | February 26, 2026 |

---

On *May 12, 2026,* the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.0750 per share on its Class A common stock and Class B common stock for the *first* quarter of *2026.* The dividend will be paid on or about *June 2, 2026* to stockholders of record as of the close of business on *May 22, 2026.*

*Stock Repurchases and Redemption; Treasury Shares*

On *March 11, 2013,* the Board of Directors of the Company approved a program for the repurchase of up to an aggregate of 7.0 million shares of the Company's Class B common stock. There were no purchases under this program in the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026*. In the *three* months ended *March 31, 2025*, the Company acquired 127,263 Class B common stock under the stock purchase program for an aggregate amount of $1.9 million. At *March 31, 2026*, 3.5 million shares of Class B common stock remained available for repurchase under the stock repurchase program.

As of *March 31, 2026* and *December 31, 2025*, there were 4.5 million outstanding shares of Class B common stock held in the Company's treasury, with a cost basis of $48.8 million and $48.3 million, respectively, at a weighted average cost per share of $10.77 and $10.75, respectively.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *22*

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*Exercise of Stock Options*

There were no exercises of options to purchase any of the Company's common stock in the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026*.

At *March 31, 2026*, there were no outstanding options to purchase the Company's common stock.

*Purchase of Equity of Subsidiary*

In the *fourth* quarter of *2025,* the Company purchased from a certain investor an 8.4% equity interest in Roded for $0.3 million, increasing its interest in Roded to 71.0%.

*Stock-Based Compensation*

As of *March 31, 2026*, there was $3.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation costs related to outstanding and unvested equity-based grants. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.4 years.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *23*

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**Note *14***—**Variable Interest Entity**

Citizens Choice Energy, LLC ("CCE") is a REP that resells electricity and natural gas to residential and small business customers in the State of New York. The Company did *not* own any interest in CCE. Since *2011,* the Company has provided CCE with substantially all of the cash required to fund its operations. The Company determined that it had the power to direct the activities of CCE that most significantly impact its economic performance and it had the obligation to absorb losses of CCE that could potentially be significant to CCE on a stand-alone basis. The Company therefore determined that it was the primary beneficiary of CCE, and as a result, the Company consolidated CCE within its GRE segment. The net income or loss incurred by CCE was attributed to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

In *April 2025,* the Company signed an Equity Purchase Agreement with Tari Corporation to acquire a 100% interest in CCE for *one* U.S. dollar and the forgiveness of all intercompany balances of CCE with the Company, subject to approval of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which the Company received on *November 7, 2025*.

Net loss related to CCE and aggregate net funding provided by the Company were each $0.2 million for the *three* months ended *March 31, 2025*.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *24*

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**Note *15***—**Income Taxes**

The following table provides a summary of the Company's effective tax rate:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
| Reported tax rate | **38.6%** | 33.8% |

---

The reported tax rates for the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* increased compared to the same period in *2025*. The increase is mainly from the change in the mix of tax rates in the jurisdictions where the Company earned taxable income as well as the nature of certain deductions.

The Company determined an annual effective tax rate and applied that annual effective tax rate to the Company's taxable income for the year to date interim periods. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the effect of nondeductible employee compensation expenses.

**Note *16***—**Earnings Per Share**

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income or loss attributable to all classes of common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in the same manner as basic earnings per share, except that the number of shares is increased to include restricted stock still subject to risk of forfeiture and to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increases is anti-dilutive.

The weighted-average number of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to the Company's common stockholders consists of the following:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Basic weighted-average number of shares | **26050** | 26338 |
| Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Non-vested restricted Class B common stock | **95** | 274 |
| Diluted weighted-average number of shares | **26145** | 26612 |

---

There were no instruments excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* and *2025*.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *25*

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**Note *17***—**Related Party Transactions**

In the *third* quarter of *2024,* Howard Jonas contributed $0.9 million to a majority-owned subsidiary of the Company, related to an acquisition of an investment property (see *Note *9*—*Investments*).

In *June 2025,* the Company acquired 130,484 Class B common stock of Rafael Holdings, Inc. ("Rafael") for $0.2 million in the rights offering undertaken by Rafael. Rafael is a former subsidiary of IDT that was spun off from IDT in *March 2018.* Howard S. Jonas is the Executive Chairman, Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of Rafael. For each of the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* and *2025*, the Company recognized nominal amounts of gain and loss in connection with the investment. At *March 31, 2026*, the Company holds 346,877 shares of Class B common stock of Rafael with a carrying value of $0.4 million. The Company does *not* exercise significant influence over the operating or financial policies of Rafael.

The Company was formerly a subsidiary of IDT. On *October 28, 2011,* the Company was spun-off by IDT to IDT's stockholders. The Company entered into various agreements with IDT prior to the spin-off including an agreement for certain services to be performed by the Company and IDT. The Company also provides specified administrative services to certain of IDT's foreign subsidiaries. Howard Jonas is the Chairman of the Board of IDT.

The charges for services provided by IDT to the Company, net of the charges for the services provided by the Company to IDT, are included in "Selling, general and administrative" expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** | ***Three Months Ended March 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Amount IDT charged the Company | $**287** | 256 |
| Amount the Company charged IDT | $**18** | 37 |

---

The following table presents the balance of receivables and payables to IDT:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | ***March 31,*** | ***December 31,*** |
|  | ***2026*** | ***2025*** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| Due to IDT | $**179** | $157 |
| Due from IDT | $**11** | $45 |

---

The Company obtains insurance policies from several insurance brokers, *one* of which is IGM Brokerage Corp. ("IGM"). IGM is owned by the mother of Howard S. Jonas and Joyce Mason, who is a Director and Corporate Secretary of the Company. Jonathan Mason, husband of Joyce Mason and brother-in-law of Howard S. Jonas, provides insurance brokerage services via IGM. Based on information the Company received from IGM, the Company believes that IGM received commissions and fees from payments made by the Company (including payments from *third* party brokers). The Company paid IGM $0.4 million in *2025* related to premiums of various insurance policies that were brokered by IGM. There was no payment in the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026*. There was no outstanding payable to IGM as of *March 31, 2026*. Neither Howard S. Jonas nor Joyce Mason has any ownership or other interest in IGM other than via the familial relationships with their mother and Jonathan Mason.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *26*

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**Note *18***—**Business Segment Information**

The Company has two reportable business segments: GRE and GREW. GRE owns and operates REPs, including IDT Energy, Residents Energy, TSE, Southern Federal and Evergreen Energy, Mirabito. Its REP businesses resell electricity and natural gas to residential and small business customers in the Eastern and Midwestern United States and Texas. GREW develops, constructs and operates utility-scale solar energy projects, distributes solar panels, offers energy procurement and advisory services and also markets alternative products and services complementary to its energy offerings. Corporate costs include unallocated compensation, consulting fees, legal fees, business development expenses and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses. Corporate does not generate any revenues, nor does it incur any cost of revenues.

The Company's reportable segments are distinguished by types of service, customers and methods used to provide their services. The operating results of these business segments are regularly reviewed by the Company's chief operating decision-maker ("CODM"), its chief executive officer.

The CODM uses segment income (loss) from operations to allocate resources for each segment. The CODM considers revenues and income (loss) from operations to assess performance and make decisions about allocating resources to the segments.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as the accounting policies of the Company as a whole. There are *no* significant asymmetrical allocations to segments.

Operating results for the business segments of the Company were as follows:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | ***GRE*** | ***GREW*** | ***Corporate*** | ***Total*** |
| **Three Months Ended March 31, 2026** |  |  |  |  |
| Revenues | $**134763** | $**7549** | $**—** | $**142312** |
| Cost of revenues | **105688** | **6803** |  | **112491** |
| Gross profit | **29075** | **746** |  | **29821** |
| Marketing and customer acquisition expenses | **12373** | **275** |  | **12648** |
| Employee-related expenses | **4284** | **1549** | **887** | **6720** |
| Provision for credit losses | **485** |  |  | **485** |
| Stock-based compensation | **275** | **17** | **428** | **720** |
| Depreciation and amortization | **75** | **281** |  | **356** |
| Other selling, general and administrative expenses | **4941** | **1028** | **1051** | **7020** |
| Income (loss) from operations | $**6642** | $**(2404)** | $**(2366)** | $**1872** |
| Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | $**2803** | $**(589)** | $**(629)** | $**1585** |
| **Three Months Ended March 31, 2025** |  |  |  |  |
| Revenues | $132475 | $4332 | $— | $136807 |
| Cost of revenues | 96574 | 2870 |  | 99444 |
| Gross profit | 35901 | 1462 |  | 37363 |
| Marketing and customer acquisition expenses | 8669 | 192 |  | 8861 |
| Employee-related expenses | 5058 | 1252 | 1122 | 7432 |
| Provision for credit losses | 309 |  |  | 309 |
| Stock-based compensation | 259 | 22 | 458 | 739 |
| Depreciation and amortization | 75 | 161 |  | 236 |
| Other selling, general and administrative expenses | 4684 | 690 | 936 | 6310 |
| Income (loss) from operations | $16847 | $(855) | $(2516) | $13476 |
| Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | $5738 | $(233) | $(293) | $5212 |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *27*

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Total assets for the business segments of the Company were as follows

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  | ***Genie*** |  |  |
| **(in thousands)** | ***GRE*** | ***Renewables*** | ***Corporate*** | ***Total*** |
| **Total assets:** |  |  |  |  |
| March 31, 2026 | $**179328** | $**44248** | $**152881** | $**376457** |
| December 31, 2025 | 191728 | 44254 | 153398 | 389380 |

---

The total assets of the corporate segment includes the total assets of discontinued operations of Lumo Finland and Lumo Sweden with an aggregate net book value of $1.3 million and $1.4 million at *March 31, 2026* and *December 31, 2025*, respectively.

**Note *19***—**Commitments and Contingencies**

***<u>Legal Proceedings</u>***

On *September 29, 2023,* the Attorney General of the State of Illinois filed a complaint against Residents Energy in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, Chancery Division. The Complaint alleges several counts of violations of the Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act, *815* ILCS *505/1* et seq., and the Illinois Telephone Solicitations Act, *815* ILCS *413/1* et seq., in connection with Residents Energy's marketing practices, and seeks monetary damages to redress any resulting losses alleged to have been incurred by customers, civil penalties for certain alleged violations in the amount of $50.0 thousand per violation, and other forms of injunctive and equitable relief to prevent future violations. The Company denies these allegations and intends to vigorously defend itself against any and all claims. As of *March 31, 2026*, there is insufficient basis to deem any loss probable or to assess the amount of any possible loss. For the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026* and *2025,* Resident Energy's gross revenues from sales in Illinois were $7.0 million and $8.1 million, respectively.

The Company *may* from time to time be subject to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although there can be *no* assurance in this regard, the Company does *not* expect any of those legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

See *Note *5*—Acquisitions and *Discontinued Operations*, for discussion related to the administration of Lumo Finland.

***<u>Agency and Regulatory Proceedings</u>***

From time to time, the Company receives inquiries or requests for information or materials from public utility commissions or other governmental regulatory or law enforcement agencies related to investigations under statutory or regulatory schemes, and the Company responds to those inquiries or requests. The Company cannot predict whether any of those matters will lead to claims or enforcement actions or whether the Company and the regulatory parties will enter into settlements before a formal claim is made.

***<u>Other Commitments</u>***

*Purchase Commitments*

The Company had future purchase commitments of $131.3 million at *March 31, 2026*, of which $124.4 million was for future purchase of electricity. The purchase commitments outstanding as of *March 31, 2026* are expected to be paid as follows:

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** |  |
| Remainder of 2026 | $**96846** |
| 2027 | **31328** |
| 2028 | **3106** |
| Thereafter |  |
| Total payments | $**131280** |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *28*

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In the *three* months ended *March 31, 2026*, the Company purchased $48.2 million and $1.8 million of electricity and renewable energy credits, respectively, under purchase commitments that were open during the period. In the *three* months ended *March 31, 2025*, the Company purchased $44.6 million and $2.3 million of electricity and renewable energy credits, respectively, under purchase commitments that were open during the period.

*Renewable Energy Credits*

GRE must obtain a certain percentage or amount of its power supply from renewable energy sources in order to meet the requirements of renewable portfolio standards in the states in which it operates. This requirement *may* be met by obtaining renewable energy credits that provide evidence that electricity has been generated by a qualifying renewable facility or resource. At *March 31, 2026*, GRE had commitments to purchase renewable energy credits of $6.9 million, which are reflected in the table above.

*Performance Bonds and Unused Letters of Credit*

GRE has performance bonds issued through a *third* party for certain utility companies and for the benefit of various states in order to comply with the states' financial requirements for REPs. At *March 31, 2026*, GRE had aggregate performance bonds of $29.5 million outstanding and $1.0 million of unused letters of credit.

*BP Energy Company Preferred Supplier Agreement*

Certain of GRE's REPs are party to an Amended and Restated Preferred Supplier Agreement with BP, which is to be in effect through *November 30, 2026.* Under the agreement, the REPs purchase electricity and natural gas at market rate plus a fee. The obligations to BP are secured by a *first* security interest in deposits or receivables from utilities in connection with their purchase of the REPs' customer's receivables, and in any cash deposits or letters of credit posted in connection with any collateral accounts with BP. The ability to purchase electricity and natural gas under this agreement is subject to satisfaction of certain conditions including the maintenance of certain covenants. At *March 31, 2026*, the Company was in compliance with such covenants. At *March 31, 2026*, restricted cash—short-term of $1.6 million and trade accounts receivable of $72.3 million were pledged to BP as collateral for the payment of trade accounts payable to BP of $18.3 million at *March 31, 2026*.

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**Note *20***—**Debt**

*Term Loan*

On *November 18, 2024,* the Company's subsidiary, SUT Holdings, LLC entered into a Term Loan Agreement with NCB for $7.4 million (the "Term Loan"). The principal amount is payable in installments every *January 1, July 1* and *October 1* of each year starting on *July 1, 2025.* Below is the summary of the principal payments per year (in thousands):

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** |  |
| Remainder of 2026 | $335.0 |
| 2027 | 418.0 |
| 2028 | 435.0 |
| 2029 | 391.0 |
| 2030 | 388.0 |
| 2032 | 5061.0 |
| Total term loan | 7028.0 |
| Less: Current portion | 404.0 |
| Noncurrent portion of term loan | $6624.0 |

---

Interest on the unpaid balance is payable on each *January 1, April 1, July 1* and *October 1* calculated using the *3*-Month Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") published by CME Group Benchmark Administration plus a margin of 2.0% computed on the basis of actual number of days elapsed over *360* days. The Company paid NCB a nonrefundable commitment fee equal to 1.0% of the total principal amount equivalent to $0.1 million. The Company has the right to prepay the Term Loan in whole or in part at any time as permitted under specific terms in the Term Loan Agreement. The Term Loan is secured by the Company's operating solar systems located in Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. The Term Loan is subject to various financial and negative covenants and at *March 31, 2026* the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.

At *March 31, 2026* and *December 31, 2025*, there was $7.0 million and $7.1 million, outstanding under the Term Loan at a weighted average interest rate of 6.3% and 6.2%, respectively.

The Company also entered into a Cash Management Agreement with NCB to manage the cash flows of the operations of collateralized solar projects. The Cash Management Agreement also provided certain restrictions on certain cash accounts specified in the agreements. At *March 31, 2026* and *December 31, 2025*, aggregate of $3.9 million and $3.8 million, respectively, are deposited in NCB and are subject to certain restrictions.

*Credit Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank*

On *December 13, 2018,* the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank (the "Credit Agreement"). On *October 12, 2025,* the Company entered into an amendment of the existing Credit Agreement to extend the maturity date to *December 31, 2026.* The aggregate maximum draw of the facility was retained as a $3.0 million credit line (the "Credit Line"). The Company pays a commitment fee of 0.1% per annum on the unused portion of the Credit Line as specified in the Credit Agreement. The borrowed amounts will be in the form of letters of credit which will bear interest of 1.0% per annum. The Company will also pay a fee for each letter of credit that is issued equal to the greater of $500 or 1.0% of the original maximum available amount of the letter of credit. The Company agreed to deposit cash in a money market account at JPMorgan Chase Bank as collateral for the line of credit equal to $3.1 million. As of *March 31, 2026*, there were $1.0 million in letters of credit issued by JP Morgan Chase Bank. At *March 31, 2026*, the cash collateral of $3.3 million was included in restricted cash—short-term in the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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**Note *21***—**Recently Issued Accounting Standards**

In *November 2024,* the FASB issued ASU *2024*-*03 Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic *220*-*40*)*: *Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses*. ASU *2024*-*03* will require additional disclosures in the notes to financial statements related to disaggregated information about specific categories underlying certain income statement expense line items that are considered relevant, which include items such as the purchase of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after *December 15, 2026.* Early adoption is permitted. Adoption of this guidance will result in additional disclosure, but will *not* impact our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In *July 2025,* the FASB issued ASU *2025*-*05, Financial Instruments*—*Credit Losses (Topic *326*): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets* ("ASU *2025*-*05"*)*.* ASU *2025*-*05* provides a practical expedient permitting entities to assume that conditions at the balance sheet date remain unchanged over the life of the asset when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets. The guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after *December 15, 2025,* and for interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied prospectively. The Company adopted this guidance in *2026* and determine that it has *no* impact to our consolidated financial statements.

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| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 2.**  | **Management**'**s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations** |

---

The following information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and the associated notes thereto of this Quarterly Report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the "2025 Form 10-K"), as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (or SEC).

As used below, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "the Company," "Genie," "we," "us," and "our" refer to Genie Energy Ltd., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries, collectively.

**Forward-Looking Statements**

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including statements that contain the words "believes," "anticipates," "expects," "plans," "intends," and similar words and phrases. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results projected in any forward-looking statement. In addition to the factors specifically noted in the forward-looking statements, other important factors, risks and uncertainties that could result in those differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below under Part II, Item IA and under Item 1A to Part I "Risk Factors" in the 2025 Form 10-K. The forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Investors should consult all of the information set forth in this report and the other information set forth from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including the 2025 Form 10-K.

**Overview**

We are comprised of Genie Retail Energy ("GRE") and Genie Renewables ("GREW").

GRE owns and operates retail energy providers ("REPs"), including IDT Energy, Residents Energy, Town Square Energy ("TSE"), Southern Federal and Mirabito Natural Gas and Evergreen Gas & Electric. GRE's REPs' businesses resell electricity and natural gas primarily to residential and small business customers, with the majority of the customers in the Eastern and Midwestern United States and Texas.

GREW primarily consists of a 91.5% interest in Diversegy, our energy procurement advisor for industrial, commercial and municipal customers, a 95.5% interest in Genie Solar, an integrated solar energy company that develops, constructs and operates utility-scale solar energy projects, a 93.8% interest in CityCom Solar, a marketer of community solar and alternative products and services complimentary to our energy offerings and a 72.2% interest in Roded, a producer of high-grade plastic pallets from recycled materials.

As part of our ongoing business development efforts, we seek out new opportunities, which may include complementary operations or businesses that reflect horizontal or vertical expansion from our current operations, as well as opportunities for diversification of our operations. Some of these potential opportunities are considered briefly and others are examined in further depth. In particular, we seek out acquisitions to expand the geographic scope and size of our REP businesses.

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**Discontinued Operations in Finland and Sweden**

As a result of the sustained volatility of the energy market in Europe, in the third quarter of 2022, we decided to discontinue the operations of Lumo Energia Oyj ("Lumo Finland") and Lumo Energi AB ("Lumo Sweden"). In July 2022, the Company entered into a series of transactions to sell most of the electricity swap instruments held by Lumo Sweden. The sale price was fixed and was settled monthly based on the monthly commodity volume specified in the instruments between September 2022 and March 2025.

We determined that the discontinuation of operations of Lumo Finland and Lumo Sweden represented a strategic shift that would have a major effect on our operations and financial statements and accordingly, the results of operations and related cash flows are presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations are presented separately and reflected within assets and liabilities from discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Lumo Sweden is continuing to liquidate its remaining assets and to settle any remaining liabilities.

On November 2022, Lumo Finland declared bankruptcy and the administration of Lumo Finland was transferred to the Lumo Administrators. All assets and liabilities of Lumo Finland remain with Lumo Finland, in which Genie retains its equity ownership interest, however, the management and control of Lumo Finland were transferred to the Lumo Administrators. Since we lost control of the management of Lumo Finland in favor of the Lumo Administrators, the accounts of Lumo Finland were deconsolidated effective November 9, 2022.

Net loss from discontinued operations of Lumo Sweden, net of taxes was minimal for and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

On November 8, 2023, the Lumo Administrators, acting on behalf of the Lumo Finland Bankruptcy Estate, filed a claim in the District Court of Helsinki against Genie Nordic, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the parent company of Lumo Finland, its directors, officers and affiliates, in which they allege that the gain from the sale of swap instruments owned by Lumo Sweden amounting to €35.2 million (equivalent to $40.8 million as of March 31, 2026) belongs to the Bankruptcy Estate. The Bankruptcy Estate filed an additional claim with the District Court on May 27, 2024 against Lumo Sweden for €4.8 million (equivalent to $5.6 million as of March 31, 2026), also alleging that the gain from the sale of the swap instruments belongs to the Bankruptcy Estate, bringing the aggregate sum of claims related to the gain from sale of swap instruments to €40.0 million (equivalent to $46.3 million as of March 31, 2026). We believe that the Lumo Administrators' position is without merit, and are vigorously defending its position.

The Lumo Administrators filed a claim against one of Lumo Finland's suppliers, seeking to recover payments made by Lumo Finland amounting to €4.2 million (equivalent to $4.9 million as of March 31, 2026) prior to the bankruptcy. Related to such payment, the Lumo Administrators have filed a recovery claim jointly against us and the supplier for €1.6 million (equivalent to $1.9 million as of March 31, 2026) alleging that a portion of the payment by Lumo Finland effectively reduced our liability under the terms of a previously supplied parental guarantee (this €1.6 million is included within - and not additive to - the €4.2 million). The Lumo Administrators allege that the payments represented preferential payments and therefore belong to the Bankruptcy Estate which are recoverable under the laws of Finland. We are challenging the Lumo Administrator's claims.

We believe that the maximum exposure for these cases would likely be limited by the potential amount of the customers' claims in the bankruptcy case. Based on the progress made in assessing those claims, we expect those claims to be in the range of €2.0 million to €4.0 million. Although we do not believe that it is legally obligated to pay anything in respect of the claims, given the likelihood of negotiating a settlement to minimize further costs of challenging the claims, we recognized an estimated loss of €2.5 million (equivalent to $2.6 million at the date of the transaction) recorded in the fourth quarter of 2024. The estimated loss was included in the loss from discontinued operations, net account in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.

**Legal proceedings**

We periodically receive requests for information, documents and subpoenas from regulators, the majority of which are routine and related to compliance obligations. On certain occasions, a regulatory or governmental bodies may, in response to the interaction, formalize additional requests or eventually file an action or lawsuit. See Note 19, *Commitments and Contingencies,* in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference, for further detail on agency and regulatory proceedings.

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**Genie Retail Energy**

GRE operates REPs that resell electricity and/or natural gas to residential and small business customers in California. Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Rhode Island, and Washington, D.C. GRE's revenues represented approximately 94.7% and 96.8% of our consolidated revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

*Seasonality and Weather; Climate Change and Volatility in Pricing*

The weather and the seasons, among other things, affect GRE's REPs' revenues. Weather conditions have a significant impact on the demand for natural gas used for heating and electricity used for heating and cooling. Typically, colder winters increase demand for natural gas and electricity, and hotter summers increase demand for electricity. Milder winters and/or summers have the opposite effect. Unseasonable temperatures in other periods may also impact demand levels. Potential changes in global climate may produce, among other possible conditions, unusual variations in temperature and weather patterns, resulting in unusual weather conditions, more intense, frequent and extreme weather events and other natural disasters. Some climatologists believe that these extreme weather events will become more common and more extreme, which will have a greater impact on our operations. Natural gas revenues typically increase in the first quarter due to increased heating demands and electricity revenues typically increase in the third quarter due to increased air conditioning use. Approximately 43.3% and 43.0% of GRE's natural gas revenues for the relevant years were generated in the first quarter of 2025 and 2024, respectively, when demand for heating was highest. Although the demand for electricity is not as seasonal as natural gas (due, in part, to usage of electricity for both heating and cooling), approximately 30.7% and 28.7% of GRE's electricity revenues for 2025 and 2024, respectively, were generated in the third quarters of those years. GRE's REPs' revenues and operating income are subject to material seasonal variations, and the interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of the estimated financial results for the full year. In addition, extraordinary weather has and can lead to extreme spikes in the prices of wholesale electricity and natural gas in markets where GRE and other retail providers purchase their supply, or in challenges to the grid or supply markets in affected areas. Such events could have a material impact on our margins and operations.

In addition to the direct impact that climate change may have on our business, financial condition and results of operations because of the effect on pricing, demand for our offerings and/or the energy supply markets, we may also be adversely impacted by other environmental factors, including: (i) technological advances designed to promote energy efficiency and limit environmental impact; (ii) increased competition from alternative energy sources; (iii) regulatory responses aimed at decreasing greenhouse gas emissions; and (iv) litigation or regulatory actions that address the environmental impact of our energy products and services.

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*Purchase of Receivables and Concentration of Credit Risk*

Utility companies provide billing and collections services to the GRE's REPs. In addition, utility companies offer purchase of receivables, or POR, programs in most of the service territories in which GRE operates. GRE's REPs reduce their customer credit risk by participating in POR programs for a majority of their receivables. Under the POR programs, the utility companies purchase those REPs' receivables and assume all credit risk without recourse to those REPs. GRE's REPs' primary credit risk in these jurisdictions is therefore nonpayment by the utility companies. In the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the associated cost was approximately 1.4% and 1.2% of GRE's revenues, respectively. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 68.9% and 86.6%, respectively, of GRE's net accounts receivable were under POR programs.

*Concentration of Customers and Associated Credit Risk*

GRE's REPs reduce their customer credit risk by participating in purchase of receivable programs for a majority of their receivables in which utility companies purchase those REPs' receivables and assume all credit risk without recourse to those REPs for those purchased receivables. GRE's REPs primary credit risk with respect to those purchased receivables is therefore nonpayment by the utility companies. Certain of the utility companies represent significant portions of our consolidated revenues and consolidated gross trade accounts receivable balance during certain periods, and such concentrations increase our risk associated with nonpayment by those utility companies.

There are no trade receivables by customer that equaled or exceeded 10.0% of consolidated net trade receivables at March 31, 2026 or December 31, 2025.

The following table summarizes the percentage of revenues by the only customer that equaled or exceeded 10.0% of consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2026 or 2025:

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Three Months Ended March 31,** |
|  | **2026** | **2025** |
| Customer A | **na** | 12.3% |

---

na—less than 10.0% of consolidated revenue in the period

*Legal Proceedings*

Although GRE endeavors to maintain best sales and marketing practices, such practices have been the subject of class action lawsuits in the past.

See Note 19, *Commitments and Contingencies,* in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference.

From time to time, the Company responds to inquiries or requests for information or materials from public utility commissions or other governmental regulatory or law enforcement agencies related to investigations under statutory or regulatory schemes. The Company cannot predict whether any of those matters will lead to claims or enforcement actions or whether the Company and the regulatory parties will enter into settlements before a formal claim is made. See Note 19, *Commitments and Contingencies,* in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference, for further detail on agency and regulatory proceedings.

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**Critical Accounting Estimates**

Our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in the 2025 Form 10-K. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Critical accounting policies are those that require the application of management's most subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Our critical accounting policies include those related to revenue recognition specifically the estimation of unbilled revenues. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. For additional discussion of our critical accounting policies, see our Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the 2025 Form 10-K.

**Recently Issued Accounting Standards**

Information regarding new accounting pronouncements is included in Note 21—*Recently Issued Accounting Standards,* in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference.

**Results of Operations**

We evaluate the performance of our operating business segments based primarily on income (loss) from operations. Accordingly, the income and expense line items below income (loss) from operations are only included in our discussion of our condensed consolidated results of operations.

 **Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2025**

***Genie Retail Energy Segment***

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Change** |
| **(amounts in thousands)** | **2026** | **2025** | % |
| Revenues: |  |  |  |
| Electricity | **99411** | 104063 | (4.5) |
| Natural gas | **35352** | 28409 | 24.4 |
| Other |  | 3 | nm |
| Total revenues | **134763** | 132475 | 1.7 |
| Cost of revenues | **105688** | 96574 | 9.4 |
| Gross profit | **29075** | 35901 | (19.0) |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | **22433** | 19053 | 17.7 |
| Income from operations | $**6642** | $16848 | (60.6) |

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*Revenues*. Electricity revenues decreased by 4.5% in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. The decrease was due to a decrease in electricity consumption partially offset by an increase in the average price per kilowatt hour charged to customers in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. Electricity consumption by GRE's REPs' customers decreased by 19.2% in the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, reflecting 18.9% and 0.4% decreases in the average number of meters served and average consumption per meter, respectively. The decrease in meters served was driven by expiration of aggregation deals over the course of 2025. The average rate per kilowatt hour sold increased by 18.2% in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to general market conditions.

Natural gas revenues increased by 24.4% in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. The increase was a result of a 37.0% increase in average revenue per therm sold in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025, due to general market conditions, partially offset by a 9.2% decrease in natural gas consumption by GRE's REPs' customers in the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, reflecting 0.1% and 9.0% decreases in the average number of meters served and average consumption per meter, respectively. The decrease in the average consumption per meter was driven change in customer mix during the periods.

Other revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2025 pertains to revenues from customer termination fees from commercial customers.

The customer base for GRE's REPs as measured by meters served consisted of the following:

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | **March 31, 2026** | **December 31, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **June 30, 2025** | **March 31, 2025** |
| Meters at end of quarter: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Electricity customers | **272** | 258 | 316 | 332 | 325 |
| Natural gas customers | **92** | 88 | 86 | 87 | 88 |
| Total meters | **364** | 346 | 402 | 419 | 413 |

---

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Gross meter acquisitions in the three months ended March 31, 2026, were 84,000 compared to 61,000 for the same period in 2025. Gross meter acquisitions for the three months ended March 31, 2026 increased compared to the same period in 2025 as we continue to increase our investments in customer acquisition efforts.

Meters served increased by 18,000 between December 31, 2025 and March 31, 2026. The increase in the number of meters served at March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025 is due to new sales during the three months ended March 31, 2026 as customer acquisition increased as discussed above.

In the three months ended March 31, 2026, average monthly churn increased to 5.8% compared to 5.5% for the same period in 2025.

The average rates of annualized energy consumption by GRE's REPs' customers, as measured by RCEs, are presented in the chart below. An RCE represents a natural gas customer with annual consumption of 100 mmbtu or an electricity customer with annual consumption of 10 MWh. Because different customers have different rates of energy consumption, RCEs are an industry standard metric for evaluating the consumption profile of a given retail customer base.

---

| | | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
| **(in thousands)** | **March 31, 2026** | **December 31, 2025** | **September 30, 2025** | **June 30, 2025** | **March 31, 2025** |
| RCEs at end of quarter: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Electricity customers | **273** | 250 | 318 | 332 | 318 |
| Natural gas customers | **81** | 79 | 78 | 82 | 84 |
| Total RCEs | **354** | 329 | 396 | 414 | 402 |

---

RCEs at March 31, 2026 increased by 25,000 compared to December 31, 2025. The increase is due to increases in the number of meters served as discussed above.

*Cost of Revenues and Gross Margin Percentage*. GRE's cost of revenues and gross margin percentage were as follows:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Three Months Ended March 31,** |  |
| **(amounts in thousands)** | **2026** | **2025** | $% |
| Cost of revenues: |  |  |  |
| Electricity | $**82375** | $79957 |  |
| Natural gas | **23313** | 16617 |  |
| Other |  |  |  |
| Total cost of revenues | $**105688** | $96574 |  |

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| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Three Months Ended March 31,** |
| **(amounts in thousands)** | **2026** | **2025** | **Change** |
| Gross margin percentage: |  |  |  |
| Electricity | **17.1%** | 23.2% | (6.0) |
| Natural gas | **34.1** | 41.5 | (7.5) |
| Other | **nm** | nm | nm |
| Total gross margin percentage | **21.6%** | 27.2% | (5.6) |

---

*nm*—not meaningful

Cost of revenues for electricity increased in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 primarily because of an increase in the average unit cost of electricity partially offset by the decrease in electricity consumption by GRE's REPs' customers. The average unit cost of electricity increased 27.5% in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to general market conditions. The gross margin on electricity sales decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 because the unit cost of electricity increased more than the increase in the average rate charged to customers.

Cost of revenues for natural gas increased in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 primarily because of an increase in the average unit cost of natural gas partially offset by a decrease in natural gas consumption by GRE's REPs' customers. The average unit cost of natural gas increased 54.6% in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to general market conditions. Gross margin on natural gas sales decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 because the average unit cost of natural gas increased more than the average rate charged to customers.

*Selling, General and Administrative*. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 17.7% in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 primarily due to increases in marketing and customer acquisition costs and provision for credit losses partially offset by a decrease in employee-related expenses. Marketing and customer acquisition expenses increased by $3.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to an increase in meters acquired in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. Provision for credit losses increased by $0.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. Employee-related expenses decreased by $0.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 primarily due to a decrease in bonus accrual. As a percentage of GRE's total revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses increased from 14.4% in the three months ended March 31, 2025 to 16.6% in the three months ended March 31, 2026.

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***Genie Renewables Segment***

The GREW (formerly GES) segment is composed of Genie Solar, CityCom, Roded and Diversegy. Genie Solar is an integrated solar energy company that develops, constructs and operates utility-scale solar energy projects. CityCom is a marketer of community solar and alternative products and services complementary to our energy offerings. Diversegy is a provider of energy procurement advisory services to industrial, commercial and municipal customers. Roded is a producer of high-grade plastic pallets form recycled materials.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBB") was enacted into law. The law accelerates the expiration of the federal investment tax credit on solar projects, effective for projects going online after December 31, 2027. In light of this law, the Company evaluated the financial viability of all its solar projects and its qualification for the federal solar investment tax credits. The Company identified several projects that will be discontinued and assessed the values of the related assets at the lower of fair value less cost to sell and net book value. The Company also identified several assets, including definite life intangibles and solar panel inventories and assessed the carrying values for impairment.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Change** |
| **(amounts in thousands)** | **2026** | **2025** | **%** |
| Revenues | $**7549** | $4332 | 74.3% |
| Cost of revenue | **6803** | 2870 | 137.0 |
| Gross profit | **746** | 1462 | (49.0) |
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | **3150** | 2317 | 36.0 |
| Loss from operations | $**(2404)** | $(855) | 181.2% |

---

*nm*—not *meaningful*

*Revenues.* GREW's revenues increased in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to increases in revenues generated by Genie Solar and CityCom Solar partially offset by a decrease in revenues generated by Diversegy. Genie Solar's revenues from the sale of solar panels and development of solar projects for customers, electricity generation from operational solar arrays and sale of solar panels increased by $2.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 as the Company sold its remaining solar panels at its carrying costs to reduce the level of solar panel inventories. Revenues from CityCom Solar increased by $0.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. Diversegy's revenues from commissions, entry fees and other fees decreased by $0.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025.

*Cost of Revenues.* The increase in the cost of revenues in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to 2025 is due to the cost of solar panels that are sold in Genie Solar. In the three months ended March 31, 2026, we recorded a $0.9 million charge to the cost of revenues of Genie Solar to write down the carrying value of solar panel inventories to the estimated net realizable value.

*Selling, General and Administrative*. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 36.0% in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to increases in employee-related costs, consulting fees and depreciation expenses. Employee-related costs increased by $0.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025, due to an increase in the number of employees, principally at Diversegy. Consulting fees increased by $0.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to an increase in level of business activities. Depreciation expenses increased by $0.1 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to completion and start of operation of community solar project and new equipment used in Roded.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 40

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***Corporate***

As discussed above, the remaining accounts of GRE International were transferred to corporate starting in the third quarter of 2022 (when GRE International ceased being treated as a separate segment). Entities under corporate do not generate any revenues, nor do they incur any cost of revenues. Corporate general and administrative expenses include unallocated compensation, consulting fees, legal fees, business development expenses and other corporate-related general and administrative expenses.

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Change** |
| **(amounts in thousands)** | **2026** | **2025** | **%** |
| General and administrative expenses and loss from operations | $**2366** | $2516 | (6.0)% |

---

Corporate general and administrative expenses decreased by 6.0% in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025 due to lower accrued bonuses. As a percentage of consolidated revenues, Corporate general and administrative expenses decreased to 1.7% in the three months ended March 31, 2026 from 1.8% in the three months ended March 31, 2025.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 41

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***Consolidated***

*Selling, general and administrative expenses.* Stock-based compensation expense included in consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses was $0.7 million in each of the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. At March 31, 2026, the aggregate unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock-based compensation was $3.2 million. The unrecognized compensation cost is recognized over the expected vesting period.

The following is a discussion of our consolidated income and expense line items below income from operations:

---

| | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Change** |
| **(amounts in thousands)** | **2026** | **2025** | **%** |
| Income from operations | $**1872** | $13476 | (86.1)% |
| Interest income | **1651** | 1981 | (16.7) |
| Interest expense | **(124)** | (189) | (34.4) |
| Other income, net | **710** | 162 | nm |
| Provision for income taxes | **(1585)** | (5212) | (69.6) |
| Net income from continuing operations | **2524** | 10218 | (75.3) |
| Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | **(10)** | (104) | (90.4) |
| Net income | **2514** | 10114 | (75.1) |
| Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | **(264)** | (329) | (19.8) |
| Net income attributable to Genie Energy Ltd. | $**2778** | $10443 | (73.4)% |

---

*nm*—not *meaningful*

*Interest income*. Interest income decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025 primarily due to a decrease in average balances of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash during the periods.

*Other Income, net*. Other income, net in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 consisted primarily of gains from investments, net of losses.

*Provision for Income Taxes*. The change in the reported tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same periods in 2025 is the result of changes in the mix of jurisdictions in which taxable income was earned and the nature of certain deductions.

*Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests.* The net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in the three months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily due to the shares of noncontrolling interest in the operations of Roded and Genie Solar. The net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest in the three months ended March 31, 2025 consisted primarily of the share of noncontrolling interest in the operations of Citizens Choice Energy.

*Net loss from Discontinued Operations, net of tax.* Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 is mainly related to foreign exchange differences in Lumo Sweden during the periods.

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**Liquidity and Capital Resources**

***General***

We currently expect that our cash flow from operations and the $194.6 million balance of unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents that we held at March 31, 2026 will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for at least twelve months from the issuance of the financial statements included in this March 31, 2026 Form 10-Q.

At March 31, 2026, we had working capital (current assets less current liabilities) of $188.4 million.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Three Months Ended March 31,** | **Three Months Ended March 31,** |
|  | **2026** | **2025** |
|  | **(in thousands)** | **(in thousands)** |
| **Cash flows (used in) provided by:** |  |  |
| Operating activities | $**(6510**) | $13519 |
| Investing activities | **(5946)** | (2093) |
| Financing activities | **(4375)** | (4375) |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | **(20)** | (80) |
| Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of continuing operations | **(16851**) | 6971 |
| Cash flows provided by discontinued operations | **(5**) | 1830 |
| **Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash** | $**(16856**) | $8801 |

---

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***Operating Activities***

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash used in operating activities of continuing operations was $6.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the cash provided by operating activities of $13.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease in cash flows is due primarily to the fluctuation in the results of operations in the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025.

Our cash flow from operations varies significantly from quarter to quarter and from year to year, depending on our operating results and the timing of operating cash receipts and payments, specifically trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable. Changes in assets and liabilities decreased cash flows by $13.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025.

Certain of GRE's REPs are party to an Amended and Restated Preferred Supplier Agreement with BP Energy Company, or BP, which is to be in effect through November 30, 2026. Under the agreement, the REPs purchase electricity and natural gas at market rate plus a fee. The obligations to BP are secured by a first security interest in deposits or receivables from utilities in connection with their purchase of the REP's customer's receivables, and in any cash deposits or letters of credit posted in connection with any collateral accounts with BP. The ability to purchase electricity and natural gas under this agreement is subject to satisfaction of certain conditions including the maintenance of certain covenants. At March 31, 2026, we were in compliance with such covenants. At March 31, 2026, restricted cash—short-term of $1.6 million and trade accounts receivable of $72.3 million were pledged to BP as collateral for the payment of trade accounts payable to BP of $18.3 million at March 31, 2026.

We had purchase commitments of $131.3 million at March 31, 2026, of which $124.4 million was for purchases of electricity.

We are a lessee under operating lease agreements primarily for office space in locations where we operate and for our solar development projects with lease periods expiring between 2026 and 2052. Our future lease payments under the operating leases as of March 31, 2026 were $2.2 million.

GRE has performance bonds issued through a third party for the benefit of certain utility companies and for various states in order to comply with the states' financial requirements for retail energy providers. At March 31, 2026, we had outstanding aggregate performance bonds of $29.5 million and $1.0 million of unused letters of credit.

***Investing Activities***

Our capital expenditures decreased by $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025, due to the completion of a solar development project in December 2025. Our capital expenditures are mainly for the construction of solar projects at Genie Solar. We currently anticipate that our total capital expenditures in the twelve months ending December 31, 2026 will be between $5.0 million to $10.0 million mostly related to solar projects under development at GREW.

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In the three months ended March 31, 2026, we acquired nominal interests in various ventures for an aggregate amount of investments of $5.0 million.

In the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we invested minimal amount and $0.4 million towards the improvement of an investment property we acquired in 2024.

***Financing Activities***

In the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we paid aggregate dividends of $0.075 per share to stockholders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, or total aggregate dividends of $2.0 million for each in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. On May 12, 2026 our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.075 per share on our Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The dividend will be paid on or about June 2, 2026 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 22, 2026.

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In each of the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we paid $0.5 million to repurchase shares of our Class B common stock tendered by our employees (including one officer) to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on awards of restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by us based on their fair market value on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.

In January 2026, we extinguished the notes payable by paying the $1.8 million principal amount plus the $0.1 million accumulated accrued interest. The note payable carried a 5.0% interest rate.

On November 18, 2024, our subsidiary, SUT Holdings, LLC entered into a Term Loan Agreement with National Cooperative Bank, N.A. ("NCB") for $7.4 million (the "Term Loan"). The principal amount is payable in installments every January 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year starting on July 1, 2025. up to October 2031.

Interest on the unpaid balance is payable on each January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1, calculated using the 3-Month Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") published by CME Group Benchmark Administration plus a margin of 2.0% computed on the basis of actual number of days elapsed over 360 days. We paid NCB a nonrefundable commitment fee equal to 1.0% of the total principal amount equivalent to $0.1 million. We have the right to prepay the Term Loan in whole or in part at any time as permitted under specific terms in the Term Loan Agreement. The Term Loan is secured by our operating solar systems located in Ohio, Indiana and Michigan. The Term Loan is subject to various financial and negative covenants and at March 31, 2026, we were in compliance with all such covenants. At March 31, 2026, there was $7.0 million outstanding under the Term Loan at a weighted average interest rate of 6.3%. We also entered into a Cash Management Agreement with NCB to manage the cash flows of the operations of collateralized solar projects. The Cash Management Agreement also provided certain restriction on certain cash accounts specified in the agreements. At March 31, 2026, an aggregate of $3.9 million are deposited in NCB and are subject to certain restrictions.

In the three months ended March 31, 2026, we paid the required installment of the principal amount of the Term Loan of $0.1 million. There were no required payment in the three months ended March 31, 2025.

On December 13, 2018, we entered into a Credit Agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank ("Credit Agreement"). On October 12, 2025, we entered into an amendment of the existing Credit Agreement to extend the maturity date of December 31, 2026. The aggregate principal amount was retained at $3.0 million credit line facility ("Credit Line"). We pay a commitment fee of 0.1% per annum on the unused portion of the Credit Line as specified in the Credit Agreement. The borrowed amounts will be in the form of letters of credit which will bear interest of 1.0% per annum. We will also pay a fee for each letter of credit that is issued equal to the greater of $500 or 1.0% of the original maximum available amount of the letter of credit. We agreed to deposit cash in a money market account at JPMorgan Chase Bank as collateral for the line of credit equal to $3.1 million. As of March 31, 2026, there are $1.0 million in letters of credit issued by JP Morgan Chase Bank. At March 31, 2026, the cash collateral of $3.3 million was included in restricted cash—short-term in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

*Cash flows from discontinued operations*

Cash used in discontinued operations of Lumo Sweden was minimal in the three months ended March 31, 2026. Cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations was $1.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025. The cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations in the three months ended March 31, 2025 pertains to the proceeds from the settlement of hedges of Lumo Sweden, in which the last payment was received in April 2025.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 46

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---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 3.** | **Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks.** |

---

Our primary market risk exposure is the price applicable to our natural gas and electricity purchases and sales. The sales price of our natural gas and electricity is primarily driven by the prevailing market price. Hypothetically, for our GRE segment, if our gross profit per unit in the three months ended March 31, 2026 had remained the same as in the three months ended March 31, 2025, our gross profit from electricity would have increased by $2.4 million and our gross profit from natural gas would have decreased $1.3 million.

The energy markets have historically been very volatile, and we can reasonably expect that electricity and natural gas prices will be subject to fluctuations in the future. In an effort to reduce the effects of the volatility of the price of electricity and natural gas on our operations, we have adopted a policy of hedging electricity and natural gas prices from time to time, at relatively lower volumes, primarily through the use of put and call options and swaps. While the use of these hedging arrangements limits the downside risk of adverse price movements, it also limits future gains from favorable movements. We do not apply hedge accounting to these options or swaps; therefore the mark-to-market change in fair value is recognized in cost of revenues in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We recognized gains from derivative instruments of $3.3 million and $3.2 million in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 4.** | **Controls and Procedures** |

---

*Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.* Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2026, due to the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting that were disclosed in the 2025 Form 10-K.

*Remediation.* As previously described in Part II, Item 9A of the 2025 Form 10-K, we began implementing a remediation plan to address the material weaknesses mentioned above. The weaknesses will not be considered remediated, until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of these material weaknesses will be completed in 2026.

*Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.* In the first quarter of 2026, we substantially completed the implementation of a new enterprise resource planning (*ERP*) system, to maintain the Company's financial records, process transactions and financial reporting. We have made changes to our internal control over financial reporting to address the related processes and systems. ∙ There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2026, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 47

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**PART II. OTHER INFORMATION**

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 1.**  | **Legal Proceedings**  |

---

Legal proceedings in which we are involved are more fully described in Note 19 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 to Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 1A.** | **Risk Factors**  |

---

There are no material changes from the risk factors included in the 2025 Form 10-K.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 2.** | **Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds**  |

---

The following table provides information with respect to purchases by us of shares of our Class B common stock during the first quarter of 2026:

---

| | | | | |
|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|
|  |  |  | **Total Number** | **Maximum** |
|  |  |  | **of Shares** | **Number of** |
|  |  |  | **Purchased as** | **Shares that** |
|  |  |  | **part of** | **May Yet Be** |
|  | **Total** |  | **Publicly** | **Purchased** |
|  | **Number of** | **Average** | **Announced** | **Under the** |
|  | **Shares** | **Price** | **Plans or** | **Plans or** |
|  | **Purchased** | **per Share** | **Programs** | **Programs <sup>(1)</sup>** |
| January 1–31, 2026 |  | $— |  | 3450665 |
| February 1–28, 2026 | 36659 | 14.13 |  | 3450665 |
| March 1–31, 2026 |  |  |  | 3450665 |
| Total | 36659 | $— |  |  |

---

<sup>(1)</sup> Under our existing stock repurchase program, approved by our Board of Directors on March 11, 2013, we were authorized to repurchase up to an aggregate of 7.0 million shares of our Class B common stock.

<sup>(2)</sup> Consists of 36,659 shares of Class B Common Stock that were tendered by officers and employees to satisfy the tax withholding obligations in connection with the lapsing of restrictions on awards of restricted stock. Such shares were repurchased by us based on their current fair market value on the trading day immediately prior to the vesting date.

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 3.** | **Defaults upon Senior Securities**  |

---

None

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 4.** | **Mine Safety Disclosures** |

---

Not applicable

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item *5.*** | **Other Information**  |

---

None

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 48

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---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Item 6.** | **Exhibits** |

---

---

| | |
|:---|:---|
| **Exhibit**<br> **Number** | **Description** |
| 31.1\* | [Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to <u>§302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 200</u>](ex_914895.htm) |
| 31.2\* | [Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to <u>§302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</u>](ex_914896.htm) |
| 32.1\* | [Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to <u>§906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</u>](ex_914897.htm) |
| 32.2\* | [Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to <u>§906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.</u>](ex_914898.htm) |
| 101.INS\* | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |
| 101.SCH\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| 101.CAL\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| 101.DEF\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| 101.LAB\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| 101.PRE\* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |

---

\* Filed or furnished herewith.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 49

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**SIGNATURES**

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

---

| | | |
|:---|:---|:---|
|  | **Genie Energy Ltd.** | **Genie Energy Ltd.** |
| May 15, 2026 | By: | /s/ Michael M. Stein |
|  |  | **Michael M. Stein** |
|  |  | **Chief Executive Officer** |
| May 15, 2026 | By: | /s/ Avi Goldin |
|  |  | **Avi Goldin**  |
|  |  | **Chief Financial Officer** |

---

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 50

## Exhibit 31.1

**Exhibit 31.1**

**CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER**

**PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)**<br> **AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Michael M. Stein, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Genie Energy Ltd.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 15, 2026

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Michael M. Stein |
| **Michael M. Stein** |
| **Chief Executive Officer** |

---

## Exhibit 31.2

**Exhibit 31.2**

**CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER**<br> **PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)**<br> **AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002**

I, Avi Goldin, certify that:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Genie Energy Ltd.;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 15, 2026

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Avi Goldin  |
| **Avi Goldin** |
| **Chief Financial Officer** |

---

## Exhibit 32.1

**Exhibit 32.1**

**Certification Pursuant to**<br> **18 U.S.C. Section 1350**<br> **(as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of**<br> **the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Genie Energy Ltd. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Report"), I, Michael M. Stein, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 15, 2026

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Michael M. Stein |
| **Michael M. Stein** |
| **Chief Executive Officer** |

---

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Genie Energy Ltd. and will be retained by Genie Energy Ltd. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

## Exhibit 32.2

**Exhibit 32.2**

**Certification Pursuant to**<br> **18 U.S.C. Section 1350**<br> **(as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of**<br> **the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002)**

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Genie Energy Ltd. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Report"), I, Avi Goldin, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 15, 2026

---

| |
|:---|
| /s/ Avi Goldin |
| **Avi Goldin** |
| **Chief Financial Officer** |

---

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Genie Energy Ltd. and will be retained by Genie Energy Ltd. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.